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The Purple Revolution: The Year That Changed Everything is a memoir by which current politician	The Purple Revolution \| Biteback Publishing The Purple Revolution How did Farage persuade Reckless and Carswell to ditch the Conservatives? Would UKIP ever do a deal with another party? How have three near-death experiences shaped Farage's politics? How does Nigel feel about controversial kippers and their high-profile gaffes? Twenty-one years after its formation as a single-policy protest party, and on the eve of what promises to be one of the closest, most exciting general elections in recent memory, the truly remarkable rise of UKIP and its charismatic leader, Nigel Farage, have caused nothing less than a tectonic shift in British politics. And the aftershocks are being felt far beyond the corridors of power in Whitehall… This book, written by the man who orchestrated that extraordinary rise, is not an autobiography, but rather the untold story of the journey UKIP has travelled under Farage’s leadership, from the icy fringes of British politics all the way to Westminster, where it is poised to claim the popular vote. In it, he reveals for the first time exactly how, over the last few years, Farage and his supporters have ushered in a very English revolution: secretly courting MPs right under the nose of the political establishment, in the tearooms and wine bars of the House of Lords. With characteristic wit and candour, Farage takes us beyond the caricature of the beer-drinking, chain-smoking adventurer in Jermyn Street double-cuffs as he describes the values that underpin his own journey: from successful City trader to (very) outspoken critic of the European Union and champion of Britain’s right to govern itself.	Nigel Farage
The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended which war, known in North America as the French and Indian War	The Purple Revolution - Nigel Farage - Häftad (9781849548632) \| Bokus The Purple Revolution The Year That Changed Everything av Nigel Farage ( hï¿½ftad , 2015) Spara som favorit Fri frakt inom Sverige fï¿½r privatpersoner vid bestï¿½llning pï¿½ minst 99 kr! How did Farage persuade Reckless and Carswell to ditch the Conservatives?Would UKIP ever do a deal with another party?How have three near-death experiences shaped Farage's politics? How does Nigel feel about controversial kippers and their high-profile gaffes?Twenty-one years after its formation as a single-policy protest party, and on the eve of what promises to be one of the closest, most exciting general elections in recent memory, the truly remarkable rise of UKIP and its charismatic leader, Nigel Farage, have caused nothing less than a tectonic shift in British politics. And the aftershocks are being felt far beyond the corridors of power in Whitehall...This book, written by the man who orchestrated that extraordinary rise, is not an autobiography, but rather the untold story of the journey UKIP has travelled under Farage's leadership, from the icy fringes of British politics all the way to Westminster, where it is poised to claim the popular vote.In it, he reveals for the first time exactly how, over the last few years, Farage and his supporters have ushered in a very English revolution: secretly courting MPs right under the nose of the political establishment, in the tearooms and wine bars of the House of Lords. With characteristic wit and candour, Farage takes us beyond the caricature of the beer-drinking, chain-smoking adventurer in Jermyn Street double-cuffs as he describes the values that underpin his own journey: from successful City trader to (very) outspoken critic of the European Union and champion of Britain's right to govern itself. (Bookdata)	i don't know
In November 1982 Eltham Little Theatre in London was renamed after which performer born in Eltham in 1903 who raised funds for the theatre?	Bob Hope \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia http://bobhope.com Bob Hope, KBE , KCSG , KSS , born Leslie Townes Hope (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003), was an English-born American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, author, and athlete who appeared on Broadway, in vaudeville , movies, television, and on the radio. He was noted for his numerous United Service Organizations (USO) shows entertaining American military personnel—he made 57 tours for the USO between 1941 and 1991. Throughout his long career, he was honored for this work. In 1997, the U.S. Congress declared him the "first and only honorary veteran of the U.S. armed forces." [2] Over a career spanning 60 years (1934 to 1994), Hope appeared in over 70 films and shorts, including a series of " Road " movies co-starring Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour . In addition to hosting the Academy Awards fourteen times, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles, and was the author of fourteen books. He participated in the sports of golf and boxing, and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. He was married to his wife, fellow performer Dolores Hope (née DeFina), for 69 years. Contents Edit Writer Hal Block (l.) and Hope meet George Patton in Sicily during World War II Hope was born in Eltham , London, UK, the fifth of seven sons. His English father, William Henry Hope, was a stonemason from Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, and his Welsh mother, Avis Townes, was a light opera singer from Barry who later worked as a cleaning woman. She married William Hope in April 1891 and the couple lived at 12 Greenwood Street in the town, then moved to Whitehall and St George in Bristol. In 1908 the family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia , and passed inspection at Ellis Island on March 30, 1908, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio. [3] From the age of 12, Hope earned pocket money by busking (frequently on the streetcar to Luna Park ), singing, dancing, and performing comedy patter. [4] He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests (as Lester Hope), and won a prize in 1915 for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin . [5] For a time Hope attended the Boys Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio. As an adult, Hope donated sizable sums of money to the institution. [6] Hope worked as a butcher's assistant and a lineman in his teens and early twenties. Deciding to try a show business career, he and his girlfriend, Millie Rosequist, signed up for dance lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope then formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a fellow pupil from the dance school. [7] Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and obtained them steady work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters , conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface , before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself. [8] In 1929, he changed his first name to "Bob". In one version of the story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman . [9] In another, he said he chose Bob because he wanted a name with a friendly "Hiya, fellas!" sound to it. [10] After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was surprised and humbled when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathé at Culver City, California. [11] Career Edit In the early days, Hope's career included appearances on stage in Vaudeville shows and Broadway productions. He began performing on the radio in 1934 and switched to television when that medium became popular in the 1950s. He began doing regular TV specials in 1954, [12] and hosted the Academy Awards fourteen times in the period from 1941 to 1978. [13] Overlapping with this was his movie career, spanning the years 1934 to 1972, and his USO tours, which he did from 1941 to 1991. [14] [15] Film Main articles: Bob Hope filmography and Bob Hope short subjects Hope signed a contract for six short films with Educational Pictures of New York. The first was a comedy, Going Spanish (1934). He was not happy with the film, and told Walter Winchell , "When they catch John Dillinger , they're going to make him sit through it twice." [16] Educational dropped his contract, but he soon signed with Warner Brothers. He made movies during the day and performed Broadway shows in the evenings. [17] Bob Hope in The Ghost Breakers trailer (1940) Hope moved to Hollywood when Paramount Pictures signed him for the 1938 film The Big Broadcast of 1938 , also starring W. C. Fields . The song " Thanks for the Memory ", which later became his trademark, was introduced in this film as a duet with Shirley Ross as accompanied by Shep Fields and his orchestra. [18] The sentimental, fluid nature of the music allowed Hope's writers (he depended heavily upon joke writers throughout his career [19] ) to later create variations of the song to fit specific circumstances, such as bidding farewell to troops while on tour. [20] Bob Hope, Bing Crosby , and Dorothy Lamour in Road to Bali (1952) As a movie star, he was best known for comedies like My Favorite Brunette and the highly successful " Road " movies in which he starred with Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour . The series consists of seven films made between 1940 and 1962. Hope had seen Lamour as a nightclub singer in New York, [21] and invited her to work on his United Service Organizations (USO) tours. Lamour sometimes arrived for filming prepared with her lines, only to be baffled by completely re-written scripts or ad-lib dialogue between Hope and Crosby. [22] Hope and Lamour were lifelong friends, and she remains the actress most associated with his film career. Hope made movies with dozens of other leading ladies , including Katharine Hepburn , Hedy Lamarr , Lucille Ball , Rosemary Clooney , Jane Russell and Elke Sommer . [23] Hope teamed with Crosby for the "Road" pictures and countless stage, radio, and television appearances over the decades, from their first meeting in 1932 [24] until Crosby's death in 1977. The two invested together in oil leases and other business ventures, but did not see each other socially. [25] Bob Hope and Bing Crosby sing and dance during "Chicago Style" in Road to Bali (1952) After the release of Road to Singapore (1940), Hope's screen career took off, and he had a long and successful career in the movies. After an 11-year hiatus, Hope and Crosby teamed up for the last Road movie, The Road to Hong Kong (1962), starring 28-year old Joan Collins in place of Lamour, who Hope and Crosby thought was too old for the part. [26] They had planned one more movie together in 1977, The Road to the Fountain of Youth. Filming was postponed when Crosby was injured in a fall, and the production was cancelled when he suddenly died of heart failure that October. [27] Hope starred in 54 theatrical features between 1938 and 1972, [28] as well as cameos and short films. Most of Hope's later movies failed to match the success of his 1940s efforts. He was disappointed with his appearance in Cancel My Reservation (1972), his last film, and the movie was poorly received by critics and filmgoers. [29] Hope was host of the Academy Awards ceremony fourteen times between 1939 and 1977. His feigned desire for an Academy Award became part of his act. [13] Although he was never nominated for an Oscar, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored him with four honorary awards, and in 1960, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . While introducing the 1968 telecast, he quipped, "Welcome to the Academy Awards, or, as it's known at my house, Passover ." [30] Broadcasting File:Colonnahope.jpg Hope's career in broadcasting began on radio in 1934. His first regular series for NBC Radio was the Woodbury Soap Hour in 1937, a 26-week contract. A year later, The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope began, and Hope signed a ten-year contract with the show's sponsor, Lever Brothers . The show became the top radio program in the country. Regulars on the series included Jerry Colonna and Barbara Jo Allen as spinster Vera Vague. Hope continued his lucrative career in radio through to the 1950s, when radio's popularity was overshadowed by television. [31] [32] Hope (right) with his brother Jack Hope (seated), who produced his early 1950s show. Standing between them is comedian Jack Benny . Hope did many specials for the NBC television network in the following decades, beginning in April 1950. He was one of the first people to use cue cards . The shows were often sponsored by General Motors (1955–1961), Chrysler (1963–73), and Texaco (1975–1985). [33] Hope's Christmas specials were popular favorites and often featured a performance of " Silver Bells " (from his 1951 film The Lemon Drop Kid ) done as a duet with an often much younger female guest star (such as Olivia Newton-John , Barbara Eden , and Brooke Shields [34] ), or with his wife Dolores, with whom he dueted on two specials. Hope's 1970 and 1971 Christmas specials for NBC—filmed in Vietnam in front of military audiences at the height of the war—are on the list of the Top 46 U.S. network prime-time telecasts . Both were seen by more than 60 per cent of the U.S. households watching television. [35] Hope with James Garner (1961) In 1992, Hope made a guest appearance as himself on The Simpsons , in the episode " Lisa the Beauty Queen " (season 4, episode 4). [36] Towards the end of his career, eye problems left him unable to read his cue cards. [37] His 90th birthday television celebration in May 1993, Bob Hope: The First 90 Years, won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music Or Comedy Special. [38] In October 1996 Hope announced that he was ending his 60-year contract with NBC, joking that he "decided to become a free agent". [39] His final television special, Laughing with the Presidents, was broadcast in November 1996, with host Tony Danza helping him present a personal retrospective of presidents of the United States known to the comedian. The special received poor reviews. [40] Following a brief appearance at the 50th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1997, Hope's last TV appearance was in a 1997 K-Mart commercial directed by Penny Marshall . [41] USO See also: USO – Honoring Bob Hope Hope entertains soldiers during World War II While aboard the RMS Queen Mary when World War II began in September 1939, Hope volunteered to perform a special show for the passengers, during which he sang "Thanks for the Memory" with rewritten lyrics. [42] He performed his first USO show on May 6, 1941, at March Field , California, [43] and continued to travel and entertain troops for the rest of World War II, later during the Korean War , the Vietnam War, the third phase of the Lebanon Civil War , the latter years of the Iran–Iraq War , and the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War . [15] His USO career lasted half a century, during which he headlined 57 tours. [15] He had a deep respect for the men and women who served in the military, and this was reflected in his willingness to go anywhere in order to entertain them. [44] During the Vietnam War, Hope had trouble convincing some performers to join him on tour. Anti-war sentiment was high, and Hope's pro-war stance made him a target of criticism. Some shows were drowned out by boos and others were listened to in silence. [45] The tours were funded by the United States Department of Defense, his television sponsors, and by NBC, the network which broadcast the television specials that were created after each tour. Many people considered him as an enabler of the war and a member of the system that made it possible. [46] Hope at Lackland Air Force Base , 1990 Hope recruited his own family members for USO travel. His wife, Dolores, sang from atop an armored vehicle during the Desert Storm tour, and his granddaughter, Miranda, appeared alongside Hope on an aircraft carrier in the Indian Ocean. [44] Of Hope's USO shows in World War II, writer John Steinbeck , who was then working as a war correspondent, wrote in 1943: When the time for recognition of service to the nation in wartime comes to be considered, Bob Hope should be high on the list. This man drives himself and is driven. It is impossible to see how he can do so much, can cover so much ground, can work so hard, and can be so effective. He works month after month at a pace that would kill most people. [47] For his service to his country through the USO, he was awarded the Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1968. [48] A 1997 act of Congress signed by President Bill Clinton named Hope an "Honorary Veteran." He remarked, "I've been given many awards in my lifetime — but to be numbered among the men and women I admire most — is the greatest honor I have ever received." [49] In homage to Hope, Stephen Colbert carried a golf club on stage each night during his own week of USO performances, which were taped for his TV show, The Colbert Report , during the 2009 season. [50] Bob Hope and Ann Jillian perform at the USO Christmas Tour during Operation Desert Shield Theater Edit Hope's first Broadway appearances, in 1927's The Sidewalks of New York and 1928's Ups-a-Daisy, were minor walk-on parts. [51] He returned to Broadway in 1933 to star as Huckleberry Haines in the Jerome Kern / Dorothy Fields musical Roberta . [52] Stints in the musicals Say When , the 1936 Ziegfeld Follies (with Fanny Brice ), and Red, Hot and Blue with Ethel Merman and Jimmy Durante followed. [53] Hope reprised his role as Huck Haines in a 1958 production of Roberta at The Muny Theater in Forest Park , St. Louis, Missouri. [54] Hope rescued Eltham Little Theatre from closure by providing funds to buy the property. He continued his interest and support and regularly visited when in London. The Theatre was renamed in his honor in 1982. [55] Critical reception Edit With sidekick Jerry Colonna in 1940 Hope was praised for his comedic timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes. His style of delivery of self-deprecating jokes, first building himself up and then tearing himself down, was unique. Working tirelessly, he performed hundreds of times per year. [56] Early films such as The Cat and the Canary (1939) and The Paleface (1948) were financially successful and were praised by critics, [57] and by the mid-1940s, with his radio program getting good ratings as well, he became one of the most popular entertainers in the United States. [58] When Paramount threatened to stop production of the Road pictures in 1945, they received 75,000 letters in protest. [59] He had no faith in his skills as a dramatic actor, and his performances of that type were not as well received. [60] Hope had been a leader in the radio genre until the late 1940s, but as his ratings began to slip, he switched to television in the 1950s, an early pioneer of that medium. [34] [61] He published several books—written with ghostwriters —about his wartime experiences. [58] Although he made an effort to keep his material up-to-date, he never adapted his comic persona or his routines to any great degree. By the 1970s his popularity was beginning to wane with soldiers and with the movie-going public. [62] However, he continued doing USO tours into the 1980s, [63] and he continued to appear on television into the 1990s. Nancy Reagan called him "America's most honored citizen and our favorite clown." [64] Sports Super Featherweight (128 lb) Hope had a brief career as a boxer in 1919 fighting under the name Packy East. He had three wins and one loss, and participated in a few staged charity bouts later in life. [65] Bob Hope, a golf fan, putting a golf ball into an ashtray held by President Richard Nixon in the Oval Office in 1973 Hope was an avid golfer, playing in as many as 150 charity tournaments a year. [66] Introduced to the game in the 1930s while performing in Winnipeg, [67] he eventually played to a four handicap . His love for the game—and the humor he could find in it—made him a sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting – "fewer strokes, you know." [68] "It's wonderful how you can start out with three strangers in the morning, play 18 holes, and by the time the day is over you have three solid enemies," he once said. [69] A golf club became an integral prop for Hope during the standup segments of his television specials and USO shows. In 1978, he putted against a then two-year-old Tiger Woods in a television appearance with James Stewart on The Mike Douglas Show . [70] The Bob Hope Classic , founded in 1960, made history in 1995 when Hope teed up for the opening round in a foursome which included Presidents Gerald Ford , George H.W. Bush , and Bill Clinton – the only time when three presidents played in the same golf foursome. [71] Now known as the Humana Challenge, it was the only PGA Tour tournament that took place over five rounds, until the 2012 tournament, when it was cut back to the conventional four rounds. [72] Hope bought a small stake in the Cleveland Indians baseball team in 1946 [73] and owned it for most of the rest of his life. [74] He appeared on the June 3, 1963, cover of Sports Illustrated magazine wearing an Indians uniform, [75] and sang a special version of "Thanks for the Memory" after the Indians' last game at Cleveland Stadium . [76] Hope bought a share of the Los Angeles Rams football team in 1947 with Bing Crosby [77] and sold it in 1962. [78] He would frequently use his television specials to promote the annual College Football All-America Team. The players would enter the stage one-by-one and introduce themselves, and Hope, often dressed in a football uniform, would give a one-liner about the player or his school. [79] Personal life Edit The Hope family. Back, from left: Tony, Dolores, and Linda. Front, from left: Kelly, Hope, and Nora Hope's first short-lived marriage was to his vaudeville partner, Grace Louise Troxell, whom he married in January 1933. [80] In 1934, Hope married Dolores (DeFina) Reade , who had been one of his costars on Broadway in Roberta. [81] They adopted four children at an adoption agency called The Cradle, in Evanston, Illinois : Linda (1939), Tony (1940), Kelly (1946), and Nora (1946). [82] From them he had several grandchildren, including Andrew, Miranda, and Zachary Hope. Tony (as Anthony J. Hope) served as a presidential appointee in the George H. W. Bush and Clinton administrations and in a variety of posts under Presidents Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan . [83] Extramarital affairs Edit Hope had a reputation as a womanizer and continued to see other women in spite of his marriage. [84] In 1949, while Hope was in Dallas on a publicity tour for his radio show, he met starlet Barbara Payton , a contract player at Universal Studios, who at the time was on her own public relations jaunt. Shortly thereafter, Hope set Payton up in an apartment in Hollywood. [85] The arrangement soured as Hope was not able to satisfy Payton's definition of generosity and her need for attention. [86] Hope paid her off to end the affair quietly. Payton later revealed the affair in an article printed in July 1956 in Confidential. [87] "Hope was ... at times a mean-spirited individual with the ability to respond with a ruthless vengeance when sufficiently provoked." [88] His advisors counseled him to avoid further publicity by ignoring the Confidential exposé. [88] "Barbara's ... revelations caused a minor ripple ... and then quickly sank without causing any appreciable damage to Bob Hope's legendary career." [88] According to Arthur Marx 's Hope biography, The Secret Life of Bob Hope, Hope's subsequent long-term affair with actress Marilyn Maxwell was so open that the Hollywood community routinely referred to her as "Mrs. Bob Hope". [89] Activism Edit From left to right: Spiro and Judy Agnew, Bob and Dolores Hope, Richard and Pat Nixon, Nancy and Ronald Reagan during a campaign stop for the Nixon-Agnew ticket in California, 1971 Hope served as an active honorary chairman on the board of Fight for Sight . He hosted their Lights On telecast in 1960 and donated $100,000 to establish the Bob Hope Fight for Sight Fund. [90] He recruited numerous top celebrities for the annual "Lights On" fundraiser; as an example, he hosted Joe Frazier , Yvonne DeCarlo , and Sergio Franchi as headliners for the show at Philharmonic Hall in Milwaukee on April 25, 1971. [91] Later years Hope (left) with Nancy Reagan and President Ronald Reagan in 1981 Bob Hope and his wife, Dolores Hope, on Capitol Hill as he receives an award in 1978 Hope continued an active career past his 75th birthday, concentrating on his television specials and USO tours. Although he had given up starring in movies after Cancel My Reservation, he made several cameos in various films and co-starred with Don Ameche in the 1986 TV movie A Masterpiece of Murder. [92] A television special created for his 80th birthday in 1983 at the Kennedy Center in Washington featured President Ronald Reagan, Lucille Ball, George Burns , and many others. [93] In 1985, he was presented with the Life Achievement Award at the Kennedy Center Honors , [94] and in 1998 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. Upon accepting the appointment, Hope quipped, "I'm speechless. 70 years of ad lib material and I'm speechless." [95] At the age of 95, Hope made an appearance at the 50th anniversary of the Primetime Emmy Awards with Milton Berle and Sid Caesar . [96] Two years later, he was present at the opening of the Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment at the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress has presented two major exhibitions about Hope's life – "Hope for America: Performers, Politics and Pop Culture" and "Bob Hope and American Variety." [97] [98] Hope celebrated his 100th birthday on May 29, 2003. [99] He is among a small group of notable centenarians in the field of entertainment . To mark this event, the intersection of Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles was named "Bob Hope Square" and his centennial was declared "Bob Hope Day" in 35 states. Even at 100, Hope maintained his self-deprecating sense of humor, quipping, "I'm so old, they've canceled my blood type ." [1] He converted to Roman Catholicism late in life. [100] Death File:BobHopeUSO.jpg In 1998, a prepared obituary by The Associated Press was inadvertently released on the Internet, prompting Hope's death to be announced in the U.S. House of Representatives. [101] [102] Hope remained in good health until old age, though he became a bit frail. [103] In June 2000 he spent nearly a week in a California hospital after being hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding . [104] In August 2001, he spent close to two weeks in the hospital recovering from pneumonia. [105] On July 27, 2003, two months after his 100th birthday, Bob Hope died at his home in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles . His grandson, Zach Hope, told Soledad O'Brien that when asked on his deathbed where he wanted to be buried, Hope had told his wife, "Surprise me." [106] His remains were interred in the Bob Hope Memorial Garden at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles. [107] After Hope's death, many newspaper cartoonists worldwide paid tribute to his work for the USO or featured Bing Crosby (who died on October 14, 1977) welcoming Hope into heaven. [108] Awards and honors Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Bob Hope Nancy Reagan prepares to present Hope (age 94) with the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award , 1997 Hope was awarded over two thousand honors and awards, including 54 honorary doctorates. In 1963 President John F. Kennedy awarded him the Congressional Gold Medal for service to his country. [109] President Lyndon Johnson bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Hope in 1969 for his service to the men and women of the armed forces through the USO . [110] In 1982, he received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . [111] He was presented with the National Medal of Arts in 1995 [112] and received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in 1997. [113] Hope became the 64th and only civilian recipient of the United States Air Force Order of the Sword on June 10, 1980. The Order of the Sword recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to the enlisted corps. [114] Several buildings and facilities were renamed after Hope, including the historic Fox Theater in downtown Stockton, California, [115] and the Bob Hope Airport in Burbank. [116] USNS Bob Hope (T-AKR-300) of the U.S. Military Sealift Command was named after the performer in 1997. It is one of very few U.S. naval ships that were named after living people . [117] The United States Air Force named a C-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft the Spirit of Bob Hope. [118] Academy Awards Hope was awarded five honorary awards by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences : [119] 13th Academy Awards (1940): Special Award – in recognition of his unselfish services to the motion picture industry 17th Academy Awards (1944): Special Award – for his many services to the Academy 25th Academy Awards (1952): Honorary Award – for his contribution to the laughter of the world, his service to the motion picture industry, and his devotion to the American premise 32nd Academy Awards (1959): Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award 38th Academy Awards (1965): Honorary Award – for unique and distinguished service to the industry and the Academy Estate Edit Hope's Modernist 23,366-square-foot home, built to resemble a volcano, was designed in 1973 by John Lautner . Located above Palm Springs , it has panoramic views of the Coachella Valley and the San Jacinto Mountains . The house was placed on the market for the first time in February 2013 with an asking price of $50 million. [120] Hope also owned a home which had been custom built for him in 1939 on an 87,000-square-foot lot in Toluca Lake, California , a suburb of Los Angeles. The house was placed on the market in late 2012. [121] Bibliography Mikailian, Arin (December 5, 2012). "Bob Hope's Toluca Lake Home Hitting the Market" . North Hollywood-Toluca Lake Patch. http://northhollywood.patch.com/groups/business-news/p/bob-hope-s-toluca-lake-home-hitting-the-market . Retrieved June 8, 2013. Moreno, Barry (2008). Ellis Island's Famous Immigrants. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-5533-1 . O'Dowd, John (2006). Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye: The Barbara Payton Story. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-063-9 . Quirk, Lawrence J. (1998). Bob Hope: The Road Well-Traveled. New York: Applause. ISBN 978-1-55783-353-2 . Steinbeck, John (1958). Once There Was A War. New York: Viking Press. OCLC 394412 . </dl> Edit Mills, Robert L. (2009). The Laugh Makers: A Behind the Scenes Tribute to Bob Hope's Incredible Gag Writers. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-323-4 . Young, Jordan R. (1999). The Laugh Crafters: Comedy Writing in Radio and TV's Golden Age. Beverly Hills, CA: Past Times Publishing. ISBN 978-0-940410-37-4 . External links	Bob Hope
Which of the five dwarf planets is in the asteroid belt?	Bob Hope \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia http://bobhope.com Bob Hope, KBE , KCSG , KSS , born Leslie Townes Hope (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003), was an English-born American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, author, and athlete who appeared on Broadway, in vaudeville , movies, television, and on the radio. He was noted for his numerous United Service Organizations (USO) shows entertaining American military personnel—he made 57 tours for the USO between 1941 and 1991. Throughout his long career, he was honored for this work. In 1997, the U.S. Congress declared him the "first and only honorary veteran of the U.S. armed forces." [2] Over a career spanning 60 years (1934 to 1994), Hope appeared in over 70 films and shorts, including a series of " Road " movies co-starring Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour . In addition to hosting the Academy Awards fourteen times, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles, and was the author of fourteen books. He participated in the sports of golf and boxing, and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. He was married to his wife, fellow performer Dolores Hope (née DeFina), for 69 years. Contents Edit Writer Hal Block (l.) and Hope meet George Patton in Sicily during World War II Hope was born in Eltham , London, UK, the fifth of seven sons. His English father, William Henry Hope, was a stonemason from Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, and his Welsh mother, Avis Townes, was a light opera singer from Barry who later worked as a cleaning woman. She married William Hope in April 1891 and the couple lived at 12 Greenwood Street in the town, then moved to Whitehall and St George in Bristol. In 1908 the family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia , and passed inspection at Ellis Island on March 30, 1908, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio. [3] From the age of 12, Hope earned pocket money by busking (frequently on the streetcar to Luna Park ), singing, dancing, and performing comedy patter. [4] He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests (as Lester Hope), and won a prize in 1915 for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin . [5] For a time Hope attended the Boys Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio. As an adult, Hope donated sizable sums of money to the institution. [6] Hope worked as a butcher's assistant and a lineman in his teens and early twenties. Deciding to try a show business career, he and his girlfriend, Millie Rosequist, signed up for dance lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope then formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a fellow pupil from the dance school. [7] Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and obtained them steady work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters , conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface , before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself. [8] In 1929, he changed his first name to "Bob". In one version of the story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman . [9] In another, he said he chose Bob because he wanted a name with a friendly "Hiya, fellas!" sound to it. [10] After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was surprised and humbled when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathé at Culver City, California. [11] Career Edit In the early days, Hope's career included appearances on stage in Vaudeville shows and Broadway productions. He began performing on the radio in 1934 and switched to television when that medium became popular in the 1950s. He began doing regular TV specials in 1954, [12] and hosted the Academy Awards fourteen times in the period from 1941 to 1978. [13] Overlapping with this was his movie career, spanning the years 1934 to 1972, and his USO tours, which he did from 1941 to 1991. [14] [15] Film Main articles: Bob Hope filmography and Bob Hope short subjects Hope signed a contract for six short films with Educational Pictures of New York. The first was a comedy, Going Spanish (1934). He was not happy with the film, and told Walter Winchell , "When they catch John Dillinger , they're going to make him sit through it twice." [16] Educational dropped his contract, but he soon signed with Warner Brothers. He made movies during the day and performed Broadway shows in the evenings. [17] Bob Hope in The Ghost Breakers trailer (1940) Hope moved to Hollywood when Paramount Pictures signed him for the 1938 film The Big Broadcast of 1938 , also starring W. C. Fields . The song " Thanks for the Memory ", which later became his trademark, was introduced in this film as a duet with Shirley Ross as accompanied by Shep Fields and his orchestra. [18] The sentimental, fluid nature of the music allowed Hope's writers (he depended heavily upon joke writers throughout his career [19] ) to later create variations of the song to fit specific circumstances, such as bidding farewell to troops while on tour. [20] Bob Hope, Bing Crosby , and Dorothy Lamour in Road to Bali (1952) As a movie star, he was best known for comedies like My Favorite Brunette and the highly successful " Road " movies in which he starred with Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour . The series consists of seven films made between 1940 and 1962. Hope had seen Lamour as a nightclub singer in New York, [21] and invited her to work on his United Service Organizations (USO) tours. Lamour sometimes arrived for filming prepared with her lines, only to be baffled by completely re-written scripts or ad-lib dialogue between Hope and Crosby. [22] Hope and Lamour were lifelong friends, and she remains the actress most associated with his film career. Hope made movies with dozens of other leading ladies , including Katharine Hepburn , Hedy Lamarr , Lucille Ball , Rosemary Clooney , Jane Russell and Elke Sommer . [23] Hope teamed with Crosby for the "Road" pictures and countless stage, radio, and television appearances over the decades, from their first meeting in 1932 [24] until Crosby's death in 1977. The two invested together in oil leases and other business ventures, but did not see each other socially. [25] Bob Hope and Bing Crosby sing and dance during "Chicago Style" in Road to Bali (1952) After the release of Road to Singapore (1940), Hope's screen career took off, and he had a long and successful career in the movies. After an 11-year hiatus, Hope and Crosby teamed up for the last Road movie, The Road to Hong Kong (1962), starring 28-year old Joan Collins in place of Lamour, who Hope and Crosby thought was too old for the part. [26] They had planned one more movie together in 1977, The Road to the Fountain of Youth. Filming was postponed when Crosby was injured in a fall, and the production was cancelled when he suddenly died of heart failure that October. [27] Hope starred in 54 theatrical features between 1938 and 1972, [28] as well as cameos and short films. Most of Hope's later movies failed to match the success of his 1940s efforts. He was disappointed with his appearance in Cancel My Reservation (1972), his last film, and the movie was poorly received by critics and filmgoers. [29] Hope was host of the Academy Awards ceremony fourteen times between 1939 and 1977. His feigned desire for an Academy Award became part of his act. [13] Although he was never nominated for an Oscar, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored him with four honorary awards, and in 1960, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . While introducing the 1968 telecast, he quipped, "Welcome to the Academy Awards, or, as it's known at my house, Passover ." [30] Broadcasting File:Colonnahope.jpg Hope's career in broadcasting began on radio in 1934. His first regular series for NBC Radio was the Woodbury Soap Hour in 1937, a 26-week contract. A year later, The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope began, and Hope signed a ten-year contract with the show's sponsor, Lever Brothers . The show became the top radio program in the country. Regulars on the series included Jerry Colonna and Barbara Jo Allen as spinster Vera Vague. Hope continued his lucrative career in radio through to the 1950s, when radio's popularity was overshadowed by television. [31] [32] Hope (right) with his brother Jack Hope (seated), who produced his early 1950s show. Standing between them is comedian Jack Benny . Hope did many specials for the NBC television network in the following decades, beginning in April 1950. He was one of the first people to use cue cards . The shows were often sponsored by General Motors (1955–1961), Chrysler (1963–73), and Texaco (1975–1985). [33] Hope's Christmas specials were popular favorites and often featured a performance of " Silver Bells " (from his 1951 film The Lemon Drop Kid ) done as a duet with an often much younger female guest star (such as Olivia Newton-John , Barbara Eden , and Brooke Shields [34] ), or with his wife Dolores, with whom he dueted on two specials. Hope's 1970 and 1971 Christmas specials for NBC—filmed in Vietnam in front of military audiences at the height of the war—are on the list of the Top 46 U.S. network prime-time telecasts . Both were seen by more than 60 per cent of the U.S. households watching television. [35] Hope with James Garner (1961) In 1992, Hope made a guest appearance as himself on The Simpsons , in the episode " Lisa the Beauty Queen " (season 4, episode 4). [36] Towards the end of his career, eye problems left him unable to read his cue cards. [37] His 90th birthday television celebration in May 1993, Bob Hope: The First 90 Years, won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music Or Comedy Special. [38] In October 1996 Hope announced that he was ending his 60-year contract with NBC, joking that he "decided to become a free agent". [39] His final television special, Laughing with the Presidents, was broadcast in November 1996, with host Tony Danza helping him present a personal retrospective of presidents of the United States known to the comedian. The special received poor reviews. [40] Following a brief appearance at the 50th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1997, Hope's last TV appearance was in a 1997 K-Mart commercial directed by Penny Marshall . [41] USO See also: USO – Honoring Bob Hope Hope entertains soldiers during World War II While aboard the RMS Queen Mary when World War II began in September 1939, Hope volunteered to perform a special show for the passengers, during which he sang "Thanks for the Memory" with rewritten lyrics. [42] He performed his first USO show on May 6, 1941, at March Field , California, [43] and continued to travel and entertain troops for the rest of World War II, later during the Korean War , the Vietnam War, the third phase of the Lebanon Civil War , the latter years of the Iran–Iraq War , and the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War . [15] His USO career lasted half a century, during which he headlined 57 tours. [15] He had a deep respect for the men and women who served in the military, and this was reflected in his willingness to go anywhere in order to entertain them. [44] During the Vietnam War, Hope had trouble convincing some performers to join him on tour. Anti-war sentiment was high, and Hope's pro-war stance made him a target of criticism. Some shows were drowned out by boos and others were listened to in silence. [45] The tours were funded by the United States Department of Defense, his television sponsors, and by NBC, the network which broadcast the television specials that were created after each tour. Many people considered him as an enabler of the war and a member of the system that made it possible. [46] Hope at Lackland Air Force Base , 1990 Hope recruited his own family members for USO travel. His wife, Dolores, sang from atop an armored vehicle during the Desert Storm tour, and his granddaughter, Miranda, appeared alongside Hope on an aircraft carrier in the Indian Ocean. [44] Of Hope's USO shows in World War II, writer John Steinbeck , who was then working as a war correspondent, wrote in 1943: When the time for recognition of service to the nation in wartime comes to be considered, Bob Hope should be high on the list. This man drives himself and is driven. It is impossible to see how he can do so much, can cover so much ground, can work so hard, and can be so effective. He works month after month at a pace that would kill most people. [47] For his service to his country through the USO, he was awarded the Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1968. [48] A 1997 act of Congress signed by President Bill Clinton named Hope an "Honorary Veteran." He remarked, "I've been given many awards in my lifetime — but to be numbered among the men and women I admire most — is the greatest honor I have ever received." [49] In homage to Hope, Stephen Colbert carried a golf club on stage each night during his own week of USO performances, which were taped for his TV show, The Colbert Report , during the 2009 season. [50] Bob Hope and Ann Jillian perform at the USO Christmas Tour during Operation Desert Shield Theater Edit Hope's first Broadway appearances, in 1927's The Sidewalks of New York and 1928's Ups-a-Daisy, were minor walk-on parts. [51] He returned to Broadway in 1933 to star as Huckleberry Haines in the Jerome Kern / Dorothy Fields musical Roberta . [52] Stints in the musicals Say When , the 1936 Ziegfeld Follies (with Fanny Brice ), and Red, Hot and Blue with Ethel Merman and Jimmy Durante followed. [53] Hope reprised his role as Huck Haines in a 1958 production of Roberta at The Muny Theater in Forest Park , St. Louis, Missouri. [54] Hope rescued Eltham Little Theatre from closure by providing funds to buy the property. He continued his interest and support and regularly visited when in London. The Theatre was renamed in his honor in 1982. [55] Critical reception Edit With sidekick Jerry Colonna in 1940 Hope was praised for his comedic timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes. His style of delivery of self-deprecating jokes, first building himself up and then tearing himself down, was unique. Working tirelessly, he performed hundreds of times per year. [56] Early films such as The Cat and the Canary (1939) and The Paleface (1948) were financially successful and were praised by critics, [57] and by the mid-1940s, with his radio program getting good ratings as well, he became one of the most popular entertainers in the United States. [58] When Paramount threatened to stop production of the Road pictures in 1945, they received 75,000 letters in protest. [59] He had no faith in his skills as a dramatic actor, and his performances of that type were not as well received. [60] Hope had been a leader in the radio genre until the late 1940s, but as his ratings began to slip, he switched to television in the 1950s, an early pioneer of that medium. [34] [61] He published several books—written with ghostwriters —about his wartime experiences. [58] Although he made an effort to keep his material up-to-date, he never adapted his comic persona or his routines to any great degree. By the 1970s his popularity was beginning to wane with soldiers and with the movie-going public. [62] However, he continued doing USO tours into the 1980s, [63] and he continued to appear on television into the 1990s. Nancy Reagan called him "America's most honored citizen and our favorite clown." [64] Sports Super Featherweight (128 lb) Hope had a brief career as a boxer in 1919 fighting under the name Packy East. He had three wins and one loss, and participated in a few staged charity bouts later in life. [65] Bob Hope, a golf fan, putting a golf ball into an ashtray held by President Richard Nixon in the Oval Office in 1973 Hope was an avid golfer, playing in as many as 150 charity tournaments a year. [66] Introduced to the game in the 1930s while performing in Winnipeg, [67] he eventually played to a four handicap . His love for the game—and the humor he could find in it—made him a sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting – "fewer strokes, you know." [68] "It's wonderful how you can start out with three strangers in the morning, play 18 holes, and by the time the day is over you have three solid enemies," he once said. [69] A golf club became an integral prop for Hope during the standup segments of his television specials and USO shows. In 1978, he putted against a then two-year-old Tiger Woods in a television appearance with James Stewart on The Mike Douglas Show . [70] The Bob Hope Classic , founded in 1960, made history in 1995 when Hope teed up for the opening round in a foursome which included Presidents Gerald Ford , George H.W. Bush , and Bill Clinton – the only time when three presidents played in the same golf foursome. [71] Now known as the Humana Challenge, it was the only PGA Tour tournament that took place over five rounds, until the 2012 tournament, when it was cut back to the conventional four rounds. [72] Hope bought a small stake in the Cleveland Indians baseball team in 1946 [73] and owned it for most of the rest of his life. [74] He appeared on the June 3, 1963, cover of Sports Illustrated magazine wearing an Indians uniform, [75] and sang a special version of "Thanks for the Memory" after the Indians' last game at Cleveland Stadium . [76] Hope bought a share of the Los Angeles Rams football team in 1947 with Bing Crosby [77] and sold it in 1962. [78] He would frequently use his television specials to promote the annual College Football All-America Team. The players would enter the stage one-by-one and introduce themselves, and Hope, often dressed in a football uniform, would give a one-liner about the player or his school. [79] Personal life Edit The Hope family. Back, from left: Tony, Dolores, and Linda. Front, from left: Kelly, Hope, and Nora Hope's first short-lived marriage was to his vaudeville partner, Grace Louise Troxell, whom he married in January 1933. [80] In 1934, Hope married Dolores (DeFina) Reade , who had been one of his costars on Broadway in Roberta. [81] They adopted four children at an adoption agency called The Cradle, in Evanston, Illinois : Linda (1939), Tony (1940), Kelly (1946), and Nora (1946). [82] From them he had several grandchildren, including Andrew, Miranda, and Zachary Hope. Tony (as Anthony J. Hope) served as a presidential appointee in the George H. W. Bush and Clinton administrations and in a variety of posts under Presidents Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan . [83] Extramarital affairs Edit Hope had a reputation as a womanizer and continued to see other women in spite of his marriage. [84] In 1949, while Hope was in Dallas on a publicity tour for his radio show, he met starlet Barbara Payton , a contract player at Universal Studios, who at the time was on her own public relations jaunt. Shortly thereafter, Hope set Payton up in an apartment in Hollywood. [85] The arrangement soured as Hope was not able to satisfy Payton's definition of generosity and her need for attention. [86] Hope paid her off to end the affair quietly. Payton later revealed the affair in an article printed in July 1956 in Confidential. [87] "Hope was ... at times a mean-spirited individual with the ability to respond with a ruthless vengeance when sufficiently provoked." [88] His advisors counseled him to avoid further publicity by ignoring the Confidential exposé. [88] "Barbara's ... revelations caused a minor ripple ... and then quickly sank without causing any appreciable damage to Bob Hope's legendary career." [88] According to Arthur Marx 's Hope biography, The Secret Life of Bob Hope, Hope's subsequent long-term affair with actress Marilyn Maxwell was so open that the Hollywood community routinely referred to her as "Mrs. Bob Hope". [89] Activism Edit From left to right: Spiro and Judy Agnew, Bob and Dolores Hope, Richard and Pat Nixon, Nancy and Ronald Reagan during a campaign stop for the Nixon-Agnew ticket in California, 1971 Hope served as an active honorary chairman on the board of Fight for Sight . He hosted their Lights On telecast in 1960 and donated $100,000 to establish the Bob Hope Fight for Sight Fund. [90] He recruited numerous top celebrities for the annual "Lights On" fundraiser; as an example, he hosted Joe Frazier , Yvonne DeCarlo , and Sergio Franchi as headliners for the show at Philharmonic Hall in Milwaukee on April 25, 1971. [91] Later years Hope (left) with Nancy Reagan and President Ronald Reagan in 1981 Bob Hope and his wife, Dolores Hope, on Capitol Hill as he receives an award in 1978 Hope continued an active career past his 75th birthday, concentrating on his television specials and USO tours. Although he had given up starring in movies after Cancel My Reservation, he made several cameos in various films and co-starred with Don Ameche in the 1986 TV movie A Masterpiece of Murder. [92] A television special created for his 80th birthday in 1983 at the Kennedy Center in Washington featured President Ronald Reagan, Lucille Ball, George Burns , and many others. [93] In 1985, he was presented with the Life Achievement Award at the Kennedy Center Honors , [94] and in 1998 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. Upon accepting the appointment, Hope quipped, "I'm speechless. 70 years of ad lib material and I'm speechless." [95] At the age of 95, Hope made an appearance at the 50th anniversary of the Primetime Emmy Awards with Milton Berle and Sid Caesar . [96] Two years later, he was present at the opening of the Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment at the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress has presented two major exhibitions about Hope's life – "Hope for America: Performers, Politics and Pop Culture" and "Bob Hope and American Variety." [97] [98] Hope celebrated his 100th birthday on May 29, 2003. [99] He is among a small group of notable centenarians in the field of entertainment . To mark this event, the intersection of Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles was named "Bob Hope Square" and his centennial was declared "Bob Hope Day" in 35 states. Even at 100, Hope maintained his self-deprecating sense of humor, quipping, "I'm so old, they've canceled my blood type ." [1] He converted to Roman Catholicism late in life. [100] Death File:BobHopeUSO.jpg In 1998, a prepared obituary by The Associated Press was inadvertently released on the Internet, prompting Hope's death to be announced in the U.S. House of Representatives. [101] [102] Hope remained in good health until old age, though he became a bit frail. [103] In June 2000 he spent nearly a week in a California hospital after being hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding . [104] In August 2001, he spent close to two weeks in the hospital recovering from pneumonia. [105] On July 27, 2003, two months after his 100th birthday, Bob Hope died at his home in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles . His grandson, Zach Hope, told Soledad O'Brien that when asked on his deathbed where he wanted to be buried, Hope had told his wife, "Surprise me." [106] His remains were interred in the Bob Hope Memorial Garden at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles. [107] After Hope's death, many newspaper cartoonists worldwide paid tribute to his work for the USO or featured Bing Crosby (who died on October 14, 1977) welcoming Hope into heaven. [108] Awards and honors Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Bob Hope Nancy Reagan prepares to present Hope (age 94) with the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award , 1997 Hope was awarded over two thousand honors and awards, including 54 honorary doctorates. In 1963 President John F. Kennedy awarded him the Congressional Gold Medal for service to his country. [109] President Lyndon Johnson bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Hope in 1969 for his service to the men and women of the armed forces through the USO . [110] In 1982, he received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . [111] He was presented with the National Medal of Arts in 1995 [112] and received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in 1997. [113] Hope became the 64th and only civilian recipient of the United States Air Force Order of the Sword on June 10, 1980. The Order of the Sword recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to the enlisted corps. [114] Several buildings and facilities were renamed after Hope, including the historic Fox Theater in downtown Stockton, California, [115] and the Bob Hope Airport in Burbank. [116] USNS Bob Hope (T-AKR-300) of the U.S. Military Sealift Command was named after the performer in 1997. It is one of very few U.S. naval ships that were named after living people . [117] The United States Air Force named a C-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft the Spirit of Bob Hope. [118] Academy Awards Hope was awarded five honorary awards by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences : [119] 13th Academy Awards (1940): Special Award – in recognition of his unselfish services to the motion picture industry 17th Academy Awards (1944): Special Award – for his many services to the Academy 25th Academy Awards (1952): Honorary Award – for his contribution to the laughter of the world, his service to the motion picture industry, and his devotion to the American premise 32nd Academy Awards (1959): Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award 38th Academy Awards (1965): Honorary Award – for unique and distinguished service to the industry and the Academy Estate Edit Hope's Modernist 23,366-square-foot home, built to resemble a volcano, was designed in 1973 by John Lautner . Located above Palm Springs , it has panoramic views of the Coachella Valley and the San Jacinto Mountains . The house was placed on the market for the first time in February 2013 with an asking price of $50 million. [120] Hope also owned a home which had been custom built for him in 1939 on an 87,000-square-foot lot in Toluca Lake, California , a suburb of Los Angeles. The house was placed on the market in late 2012. [121] Bibliography Mikailian, Arin (December 5, 2012). "Bob Hope's Toluca Lake Home Hitting the Market" . North Hollywood-Toluca Lake Patch. http://northhollywood.patch.com/groups/business-news/p/bob-hope-s-toluca-lake-home-hitting-the-market . Retrieved June 8, 2013. Moreno, Barry (2008). Ellis Island's Famous Immigrants. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-5533-1 . O'Dowd, John (2006). Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye: The Barbara Payton Story. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-063-9 . Quirk, Lawrence J. (1998). Bob Hope: The Road Well-Traveled. New York: Applause. ISBN 978-1-55783-353-2 . Steinbeck, John (1958). Once There Was A War. New York: Viking Press. OCLC 394412 . </dl> Edit Mills, Robert L. (2009). The Laugh Makers: A Behind the Scenes Tribute to Bob Hope's Incredible Gag Writers. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-323-4 . Young, Jordan R. (1999). The Laugh Crafters: Comedy Writing in Radio and TV's Golden Age. Beverly Hills, CA: Past Times Publishing. ISBN 978-0-940410-37-4 . External links	i don't know
Recently in the news, which is the largest of the Italian Pelagie islands in the Mediterranean Sea	At least 300 Libyan migrants missing off Italian coast: UN - NY Daily News At least 300 Libyan migrants missing off Italian coast: UN refugee agency At least 300 Libyan migrants missing off Italian coast: UN THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The bodies of migrants are lined up in the harbor of Lampedusa, the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, on Monday. (Mauro Buccarello/AP) Surviving migrants disembark from an Italian coast guard boat after a rescue operation off the coast of Lampedusa on Monday. (AFP/Getty Images) The UN refugee agency slammed the EU-backed rescue patrol as ineffective in saving lives. (REUTERS TV/REUTERS) Some of the migrants that were rescued at sea sit on a bus in the harbor of Lampedusa on Monday. (Mauro Buccarello/AP) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Wednesday, February 11, 2015, 6:07 AM ROME — The U.N. refugee agency says as many as 300 people are now unaccounted-for in the latest tragedy among migrants crossing the frigid Mediterranean. The spokeswoman for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, Carlotta Sami, says survivors have confirmed the existence of a fourth rubber boat that left Libya on Sunday. In a statement, the UNHCR says that means some 300 people are missing. Earlier, the agency cited survivors as saying 203 people had died in the crossing. Earlier in the week, the Italian coast guard reported that at least 29 people had died from hypothermia while travelling from north Africa to Italy's coast. The U.N, Save the Children and other aid organizations are sharply criticizing the new EU border patrol operation as inadequate for saving lives. The European Union took over Mediterranean patrols after Italy phased out its robust Mare Nostrum operation, launched after 360 migrants died in 2013. However, it only patrols close to Europe's coast. Italy had patrolled the waters up to Libya's coast. ON A MOBILE DEVICE? CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEO. Join the Conversation:	Lampedusa
Which humorous pop group with vocalist Duke D'Mond had hit singles Call Up the Groups and Pop Go the Workers in the 1960s?	Lampedusa island_Mediterranean Sea_Italy - YouTube Lampedusa island_Mediterranean Sea_Italy Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 23, 2014 Lampedusa Lampedusa (pronounced [lam.pe.'du.sa]; Sicilian: Lampidusa; Ancient Greek: ??pad??ssa Lopadoussa) is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The comune of Lampedusa e Linosa is part of the Sicilian province of Agrigento which also includes the smaller islands of Linosa and Lampione.more info visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampedusa lampedusa map	i don't know
In which city did Torvill and Dean win their Olympic Gold in 1984	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 14 \| 1984: British ice couple score Olympic gold About This Site \| Text Only 1984: British ice couple score Olympic gold Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean have been crowned the Olympic ice skating champions after scooping gold in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. More than 24 million people watched the British couple score maximum points at the Zetra Stadium for their slow, sensuous free dance performance of Ravel's Bolero. It was an overwhelming St Valentine's Day victory for the duo in an event traditionally dominated by Soviet skaters. The couple from Nottingham received a standing ovation from the 8,500 spectators in the arena and flowers rained onto the ice after they completed their stirring four-minute performance. They scored 12 out of 18 possible sixes for their free dance and the maximum possible of nine sixes for artistic impression. I think it was the most emotional performance we have ever given. What just happened out there - getting the medals - that is what we've worked for so hard for so long Christopher Dean Torvill smiled as the gold medal was hung around her neck and Dean had to fight back tears as he stood on the Olympic podium to receive his award. "Tonight we reached the pinnacle. I don't remember the performance at all. It just happened," Dean said. "But I think it was the most emotional performance we have ever given. What just happened out there - getting the medals - that is what we've worked for so hard for so long." Torvill added: "I just don't believe it. I don't think we'll get to bed tonight at all. I just want to say hello and thank the people of Nottingham." Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin, from the Soviet Union took the silver medal while the American skaters Judy Blumberg and Michael Seibert picked up the bronze. Princess Anne, who has been in the front row for all their Olympic performances, congratulated the pair on their victory. The Queen also sent a telegramme commending the British couple on their outstanding achievement. Throughout the Olympics they have picked up three sixes for the first time in the tournament's history and another four for their Original Set Pattern Dance which, with their gold finish, gives them a career total of 107 perfect marks, more than any previous skaters. Torvill and Dean now have only their world championship to defend before starting a lucrative professional career.	Sarajevo
Which ITV soap that ran from 1964 to 1988 made a comeback in 2001 (lasting until 2003)?	Torvill and Dean: we're recreating our Olympic triumph - Telegraph Lifestyle Torvill and Dean: we're recreating our Olympic triumph February 14 is the 30th anniversary of Torvill and Dean’s perfect 'Bolero’. In an exclusive interview before they return to the scene of their Olympic success in Sarajevo, they talk to Matthew Stadlen Taking to the ice: Torvill and Dean, Britain’s most famous sporting double act, are returning to Sarajevo once more By Matthew Stadlen 12:30PM GMT 07 Feb 2014 No doubt you will remember it. Perhaps you even recall exactly where you were for those four minutes and 28 seconds on Valentine’s Day, 1984. The day Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean ice-danced their way into the hearts of an enthralled global audience to the erotic melody of Ravel’s “Bolero”. Two figures, dressed in floating purple, dancing as one in brilliantly choreographed synchronicity. The romance of the routine was lost on no one. In Britain alone, 24 million of us watched the Olympic performance of a generation. The country was hypnotised by ice-dance fever. That Torvill and Dean’s victory fell on February 14 was a temptation too far for a media desperate to conclude this ''love story’’. “I think people assumed that we would get married and especially after the Olympics – it was Valentine’s Day – and they said to Chris…” Torvill tells me, before Dean interrupts – “It’s always Bolero Day for us…” Torvill and Dean perform their Bolero dance in 1984 Related Articles Dancing on Ice stars Torvill and Dean teach Bolero 10 Feb 2009 Torvill continues: “The journalists were all saying, 'Are you going to get married now?’ And Chris sort of said, 'Not yet’. So they all went, 'Woooh! Not yet, that means they might do’. And then it just became, 'Are you going to?’ And at that point I didn’t want to get married to anybody, never mind Chris. It was all about the future and the career ahead of us.” Of course, they never did get married, but now, 30 years on from the thrill of that row of perfect sixes for artistic impression, Britain’s most famous sporting double act are returning to Sarajevo once more. At the invitation of the mayor, Torvill, 56, and Dean, 55, will mark the anniversary of their victory with a repeat of the “Bolero” in a rebuilt arena. Rebuilt because, within a decade of their mesmerising victory, the city was under siege, its inhabitants starving and tormented by snipers in the hills. Torvill and Dean first returned after the war, in the late Nineties. “It was still devastated. We went back to the Olympic Village,” says Dean. “Half the apartments had been knocked down and people were living in the halves that were still there,” Torvill adds. Dean resumes: “Going there to see it, and listening to some of the stories – 'How are we going to get water today and not get shot?’ – really brought it home.” During the fighting, Torvill remembers seening pictures in the newspapers of Zetra Stadium, the arena where they’d danced. The British Army had set up a little café there and named it the Bolero. Skating again in the same place will be a big moment, but Torvill anticipates it being “more of a celebration for [them] and for the town”. They are hoping to raise funds for the European Youth Olympic Winter Festival, which is to be staged there in 2017. “If we can, in some small way, attract a bit of attention for them, it will be worthwhile. Plus it will be fantastic for us personally to be able to go and do that there,” says Torvill. We meet at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire, where the pair are working on the final series of ITV’s Dancing On Ice, the show that reunited them professionally nine series ago. Talking to Torvill and Dean can resemble a conversation with one person split down the middle. They finish each other’s sentences, although not always as the other might intend. It’s 46 years since they first met at an ice rink in Nottingham when they were just 10 years old. Six appeal: Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean backstage at Dancing On Ice (ANDREW CROWLEY) They took to the ice together six years later when Dean was looking for a new partner, and began winning trophies as a pair in the mid-Seventies. Practice would sometimes take place in the middle of the night to accommodate Dean’s shifts as a policeman. Only after finishing fifth in the 1980 Olympics did Torvill give up her job as an insurance clerk and Dean leave the police. They won gold in the 1981 World Championships and became the pair to beat. Preparing for the ’84 Olympics was, says Dean, a “lifestyle”. “The goal was to be the best that we could be. The skating, the attitude, the music, the costumes – everything was important.” They decamped to Bavaria to train. Sundays were rest days but, recalls Torvill, Christmas that year fell on a training day. So they trained. Their gold-winning routine in the ice dancing combined precision of performance with breathtaking grace. Following their Olympic triumph the duo turned professional, set up a company of skaters and travelled the world together with their shows. Torvill did get wed, not to Dean but to Phil Christensen, an American sound engineer to whom she has been married for 24 years. They have two adopted children. Dean has been married twice; first to the French-Canadian World ice dance champion Isabelle Duchesnay, then to the American skater Jill Trenary, with whom he has two sons. He is now in a relationship with Dancing On Ice judge Karen Barber. In an interview for ITV’s Life Stories, Piers Morgan managed to coax out of Dean that he and Torvill had ''dabbled’’ as teenagers. When I raise it now, neither is keen to elaborate. Was there a little romantic involvement in the distant past? “I wouldn’t call it romantic,” says Torvill. “Would you?” “No,” Dean responds. “We have a nice respect for each other,” says Torvill. “More than that. We care for each other,” rejoins Dean. “We respect and care. We’re like family, but good family.” Like brother and sister? “They live separate lives because they get married… but our lives are entwined so it’s kind of like that but it’s a brother and sister working relationship.” But who’s in charge? “He thinks he is,” says Torvill. And is he? “Sometimes.” “She thinks she is. From behind the scenes. I’m just letting her think that.” Dean laughs and maintains that decisions are still always made collaboratively. He, though, has been the pair’s chief choreographer. Have they ever fallen out? “Of course,” he says. “But not for long,” says Torvill, before Dean adds: “We know how to get over things and it’s never long-lasting. We can actually be in each other’s company and don’t need to talk.” In 1994 they made a return to the Olympic arena in Lillehammer where the rules were changed, for that year only, to allow professionals to compete. Being on the same wavelength wasn’t enough for another fairytale gold, but they did bring back bronze for their Let’s Face The Music and Dance routine. Celebrating gold in Sarajevo ( Getty Images) And then, in 1998, they parted professionally. Suddenly they were separated by 7,000 miles when Dean moved to America with his second wife, who was pregnant. He continued to skate and choreograph there while Torvill settled down to start a family of her own. “It was kind of weird when he left, wasn’t it?” she says. “It was emotional,” agrees Dean. “You didn’t realise how connected you’d been since the age of 15. It was a big adjustment.” Dancing On Ice, in which celebrities are paired with professional skaters to compete against each other, brought about their reunion after eight years, and they’ve enjoyed bringing ice-skating back to the nation. But it’s been hard work: a six-day week with 10-12hr days – training participants and rehearsing themselves. Before our interview, I watched Dean taking the cast of professionals through their moves: muscular men and trim women performing gravity-defying yet balletic routines on skates. “Let’s just do it one more time,” he encouraged them over and over. Dean’s hair is still flecked with blonde. How strong is he these days, I wonder. He rolls back a sleeve and flexes bulging biceps in response. When he’s not skating, he usually exercises six days a week and eats “oodles” of chicken. But body maintenance is far harder with age. “The end of the tendons get tighter and older and they hurt more,” he says. In the past four years he’s had shoulder surgery three times. Torvill, still tiny in person, is toned and fit, too. When I put it to her that she’s become more glamorous, she agrees. “It comes with maturity. Knowing what suits you and how you want to look.” Despite their age-defying physiques, the return to Sarajevo is not the only landmark in a sentimental few months for them. This is their last Dancing On Ice series, with a final related tour to follow. “We felt with the 30th anniversary coming up, at some point it finishes,” says Dean. “While the show was in good shape and had good viewership and was still on top, it was the right time for us. She’s getting younger and apparently I’m getting older, but this is full-on. It’s still pretty much a young person’s thing. We’re ready for a little bit of a slowing down.” Both will be keeping an eye on the figure-skating at the Sochi Olympics, but in Dean’s view the sport has become a “technical exercise”. “Too technical,” adds Torvill. The scoring system, she says, encourages lifts and step sequences of greater difficulty. Looking back, the challenge for Dean – although it came naturally at the time – was to blend aesthetics with competitive sport. Today, it’s on to new challenges. What exactly, neither will confide in me. But there is a strong sense their double-act will survive this new ending, even though Dean will be returning home to Colorado Springs once the six-week Dancing on Ice tour ends. There could be other tours and more skating to come. Dean says that choreographing a big Las Vegas show on ice is on their wish list. But one thing is for sure: they may have mentored celebrities on the ice, but they won’t be joining them in the jungle. Nor on Big Brother. Where we’re sitting we are across the road from the Big Brother House itself – as we talk, its lights beam intermittently into our room. “The irony,” says Dean, as we consider the perils of fame for its own sake. “I don’t think we are 'personalities’ in the sense that others are … they’re vivacious and court a sort of entertainment level of attention. “What we’re about is what we do aesthetically. We do have something special as a friendship. That’s our unique status,” he says. It’s been quite a partnership. In the Wollaton area of Nottingham is the Tordean Housing Estate. Dean Close is just off Torvill Drive. And, after all these years, they’re still having a lot of fun. Partners on and off the ice. Or, as Dean puts it, laughing again: “Besties.”	i don't know
Where in the body is the Hyaloid canal?	Hyaloid body \| definition of hyaloid body by Medical dictionary Hyaloid body \| definition of hyaloid body by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyaloid+body 1. the largest and most important part of any organ. 2. any mass or collection of material. acetone b's ketone bodies . alkapton b's a class of substances with an affinity for alkali, found in the urine and causing the condition known as alkaptonuria . The compound commonly found, and most commonly referred to by the term, is homogentisic acid . amygdaloid body a small mass of subcortical gray matter within the tip of the temporal lobe, anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is part of the limbic system. aortic b's small neurovascular structures on either side of the aorta in the region of the aortic arch, containing chemoreceptors that play a role in reflex regulation of respiration. asbestos b's golden yellow bodies of various shapes, formed by the deposition of calcium salts, iron salts, and proteins on a spicule of asbestos , found in the lungs, lung secretions, and feces of patients with asbestosis . Aschoff b's submiliary collections of cells and leukocytes in the interstitial tissues of the heart in the myocarditis that accompanies rheumatic fever ; called also Aschoff's nodules. asteroid body an irregularly star-shaped inclusion body found in the giant cells in sarcoidosis and other diseases. Barr body sex chromatin . basal body a modified centriole that occurs at the base of a flagellum or cilium. carotid b's small neurovascular structures lying in the bifurcation of the right and left carotid arteries, containing chemoreceptors that monitor the oxygen content of the blood and help to regulate respiration. ciliary body see ciliary body . Donovan b's encapsulated bacteria (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) found in lesions of granuloma inguinale , visible when a Wright-stained smear of infected tissue is viewed under a microscope. body dysmorphic disorder a somatoform disorder in which a normal-appearing person is either preoccupied with an imagined defect in appearance or is overly concerned about a very slight physical anomaly. See also body image . Called also dysmorphophobia . fimbriate body corpus fimbriatum . foreign body a mass of material that is not normal to the place where it is found. fruiting body a specialized structure of certain fungi that produces the spores. geniculate body, lateral either of the two metathalamus eminences, one on each side just lateral to the medial geniculate bodies, marking the termination of the optic tract. geniculate body, medial either of the two metathalamus eminences, one on each side just lateral to the superior colliculi, concerned with hearing. hematoxylin body a dense, homogeneous particle, easily stainable with hematoxylin , consisting of nuclear material derived from an injured cell together with a small amount of cytoplasm. Hematoxylin bodies occur in systemic lupus erythematosus . Lymphocytes that ingest such particles are known as le cells . Called also LE body. Howell's b's (Howell-Jolly b's) smooth, round remnants of nuclear chromatin seen in erythrocytes in megaloblastic and hemolytic anemia, in various leukemias and after splenectomy. body image the total concept, including conscious and unconscious feelings, thoughts, and perceptions, that a person has of his or her own body as an object in space independent and apart from other objects. The body image develops during infancy and childhood from exploration of the body surface and orifices, from development of physical abilities, and from play and comparison of the self with others. Changes in body image are particularly important in adolescence when attention is focused on appearance and attractiveness and relations with others. Body image is strongly influenced by parental attitudes that give the child a perception of certain body parts as good, clean, and attractive, or bad, dirty, and repulsive. The evolution of body image continues throughout life and incorporates such factors as a person's style of dress, hair style, and use of makeup, which symbolize social and professional status and other feelings about the self. Many clinical syndromes involve disturbances of body image. Disturbed body image is a nursing diagnosis that was approved by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as confusion in the mental picture of one's physical self. Surgery or trauma involving disfigurement or loss of a body part can be very threatening to a patient. Diseases involving a loss of body function, such as stroke syndrome, paraplegia, quadriplegia, coronary heart disease, and bowel or bladder incontinence, and diseases involving disfiguring skin lesions or the feeling of “rotting away” as in cancer or gangrene, can all cause changes in body image. Body image is frequently disturbed in schizophrenia, and patients may feel that their body or its parts are changing in size or shape or are ugly or threatening. Rape or violent physical assault can disturb the feeling of being secure in one's own body. Changes in body image involving sexual attractiveness or sexual identity, such as surgery or trauma involving the genitals or breasts and tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or vasectomy, can be especially difficult for the patient to deal with. Intrusive therapeutic or diagnostic procedures, such as insertion of a nasogastric tube, bladder catheterization, administration of intravenous fluids, endoscopy, and cardiac catheterization, can also threaten a patient's body image. The reaction of a patient to an alteration in body image can include mourning the loss of the former body image, fear of rejection by significant others, hostility, and experiencing of “phantom” sensations from missing body parts. Patients with less ability to cope with their loss may respond with denial or depression. This can lead to a rejection of the altered body image and feelings of depersonalization that can involve avoidance of interpersonal contact and an unwillingness to discuss the deformity or to accept corrective medical treatment or vocational rehabilitation. inclusion b's round, oval, or irregular-shaped bodies in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells, as in disease caused by viral infection, such as rabies, smallpox, and herpes. lamellar body keratinosome . Lafora's b's intracytoplasmic inclusions consisting of a complex of glycoprotein and acid mucopolysaccharide; widespread deposits are found in Lafora's disease , a type of epilepsy. LE body hematoxylin body. Leishman-Donovan b's round or oval bodies found in the reticuloendothelial cells, especially those of the spleen and liver, in kala-azar ; they are nonflagellate intracellular forms of Leishmania donovani . Also used to designate similar forms of Leishmania tropica found in macrophages in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis . mamillary body (mammillary body) either of the pair of small spherical masses in the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain, forming part of the hypothalamus. Masson b's cellular tissue that fills the pulmonary alveoli and alveolar ducts in rheumatic pneumonia; they may be modified Aschoff's bodies. molluscum b's large homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum in molluscum contagiosum , which contain replicating virus particles and cellular debris. multilamellar body any of the osmiophilic, lipid-rich, layered bodies found in the great alveolar cells of the lung. Negri b's oval or round bodies in the nerve cells of animals dead of rabies . Nissl b's large granular bodies that stain with basic dyes, forming the reticular substance of the cytoplasm of neurons, composed of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes; ribonucleoprotein is one of their main constituents. Called also Nissl's granules . olivary body olive (def. 2). pituitary body pituitary gland . polar b's 1. the small cells consisting of a tiny bit of cytoplasm and a nucleus; they result from unequal division of the primary oocyte (first polar body) and, if fertilization occurs, of the secondary oocyte (second polar body). 2. metachromatic granules located at one or both ends of a bacterial cell. psammoma b's usually microscopic, laminated masses of calcareous material, occurring in both benign and malignant epithelial and connective-tissue tumors, and sometimes associated with chronic inflammation. quadrigeminal b's corpora quadrigemina . body of sternum the second or main part of the sternum, bounded by the manubrium above and the xiphoid process below. Called also gladiolus and corpus sterni . striate body corpus striatum . trachoma b's inclusion bodies found in clusters in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva in trachoma . vitreous body the transparent gel filling the inner portion of the eyeball between the lens and retina. Called also vitreous and vitreous humor . see corpus striatum. body surface area (BSA) the total surface area of the body. Used to calculate drug dosages, particularly in the use of toxic drugs such as those used in cancer chemotherapy. This minimizes errors introduced by variations in distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug. Several equations can be used to express the area, based on body weight, but conversion tables are usually used. See Table 21. trapezoid body transverse ridge crossing the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata. vitreous body the transparent gel filling the posterior segment of the eyeball between the lens and retina. Called also vitreous and vitreous humor. body weight an opacity of the vitreous which occurs with uveitis. vitreous floater a small opacity in the vitreous which may stimulate the retina and cause abnormal behavior patterns such as 'fly-biting'. vitreous humor 2. the watery substance contained within the interstices of the stroma in the vitreous body. peripapillary vitreous that adjacent to the optic disk. persistent hyperplastic vitreous a congenital anomaly, usually unilateral, due to persistence of embryonic remnants of the fibromuscular tunic of the eye and part of the hyaloid vascular system. Clinically, there is a white pupil, elongated ciliary processes, and often microphthalmia; the lens, although clear initially, may become completely opaque. vitreous membrane	Eye
Brittany Ferries run services from Portsmouth to Santander and which other city in Spain	Anatomy of Vitreous by Dr.Parthopratim Dutta Majumder \| Vitreous Base \| Hyalocytes \| Cloquet Canal Anatomy of Vitreous by Dr. Parthopratim Dutta Majumder Vitreous is a transparent, colour less gel like structure which occupies the posterior compartment of the eye. It comprises about 80% of the total volume of the globe (two third of total volume of eye), about 4mL. The surfaces of the intraocular structures that interface with vitreous are mainly basement membrane in nature e.g.: pars plana of cilliary body, internal limiting membrane of retina and vitreous is attached to them with varying strength of adhesion. The word “vitreous” is derived from a Latin word “vitrum” which means glass. Attachments of vitreous: Vitreous is attached to its surrounding structures by condensation of collagen fibrils. From strongest to weakest, these are- Vitreous base-strongest Along the retinal vessels –Most variable and weakest Vitreous base The vitreous base is the place of strongest adhesion of vitreous. Vitreous base forms a band of 4 to 6 mm width (1 to 2 mm anterior to the ora serrata and 1 to 3 mm posterior to it) which lies in the posterior aspect of the parsplana and adjacent anterior aspect of the ora serrata. There is strong adhesion between vitreous fibers of the vitreous base region and basement membrane of the nonpigmented epithelium of the cilliary body and internal limiting membrane of the periphery of the retina. Hyaloideocapsular ligament Hyaloideocapsular ligament of Weiger or Retrolental ligament is another strong adhesion of vitreous and posterior capsule of lens. It is a circular adhesion, 8-9 mm in diameter .The circular line of adhesion between vitreous and posterior lens capsule is often termed as “Egger’s Line”. The strength of this retrolental adhesion and peripapillary adhesion of vitreous decreases with age. Within this circle, there lies a potential space of nonadhesion between vitreous and lens, known as space of Burger or Erggelet's space. (Also read Anatomy of Lens ) Vitreous is attached with the macula in an annular fashion with a diameter of 3 -4 mm.It is also attached alongside the larger retinal vessels. For description purpose, vitreous can be divided into a outer zone and central zone. Outer zone of vitreous: The outermost zone of vitreous is also known as the cortex. Most of the vitreous collagens are located in cortex and these collagen fibrils run parallel & perpendicular to retinal surface. The shape of the vitreous is just like a sphere with an anterior depression which is known as patellar fossa or lenticular fossa or hyaloid fossa which supports the lens. Anterior surface of the vitreous is known as anterior hyaloid face which clinically behaves like a membrane. Central zone: The central zone has little collagen compared to outer vitreous and physically more liquid than the outer zone of vitreous. In this region, vitreous cells (hyalocytes) are less in number and collagen fibrils are thinly scattered. Cloquets Canal: The central vitreous is traversed by a canal which is known as cloquet or hyaloid canal or retrolental tract. It extends from the posterior surface of the lens to the optic nerve head. Basically it represents the remnants lumen of the course of hyaloid artery during embryogenesis. This space is devoid of collagen fibrils. It is 1 to 2 mm in diameter and “S” shaped from anterior to posterior. Cloquet canal is named after French anatomist Jules Germain Cloquet (1790-1883) It starts from patellar fossa as a widening and after taking an “S” shaped course in central vitreous, again widens near the optic nerve head to form space of Martegiani. A remnant of incomplete atrophy of the hyaloid artery may be seen in this location and is called Bergmeister's papilla. With age, the firm attachment of vitreous with optic nerve head loosens. When vitreous detaches completely, this peripapillary attachment becomes visible clinically as a partial or complete annular ring, which is known as Vogt or Weiss ring. Hyalocytes or Vitreous Cells: Though vitreous is an acellular structure, hyalocytes or vitreous cells are found in cortex adjacent to retina and cilliary body. They are found near the vitreous base, over the optic nerve head and in close proximity to the retinal vessels. Hyalocytes are basically mononuclear phagocytes or macrophages. Few fibrocytes and glial cells are also seen in vitreous.	i don't know
Which city lies at the west side of the Nile delta?	The Nile Delta The Nile Delta The Delta is formed by the division of the branches of the River Nile as it flows south through the Valley formed by the Nile in Upper Egypt. The river branches spread out in a V-shaped fan and make their way towards the Mediterranean through Lower Egypt. The Delta begins north of Cairo. In ancient times the Nile flood deposited layers of silt in this area, making the deltaic fan expand from east to west and push out into the sea. The construction of the Aswan dam has limited this expansion in modern times and the earlier seven to five branches of the Nile and distributaries have been reduced to two main branches, the Rosetta (Rashid on the west) and the Damietta (Dumyat on the east). Reed beds in Lake Burullus. Fishermen and a ferry across the Rosetta Nile Branch. The Delta encompasses the richest farmland in Egypt, but it also contains the largest cities after Cairo in Alexandria, Tanta, Damanhur and Mansoura. The landscape is almost entirely flat, punctuated by towns, villages, hamlets, cemeteries, tombs of sheikhs and animal huts. Aside from the main river channels there are numerous irrigation ditches, ranging from the large drainage channels, such as the Mahmudiyah canal, to the small irrigation ditches which take water from the main drains to the fields. The Delta-scape.	Alexandria
Waterloo Sunset was a 1967 hit for which band?	The Nile Delta - Places to See Before you Die \| HomeAway Nile Delta, Egypt Exotic Egypt Whether you decide to cruise along the Nile, stay along the coast, or place yourself at the heart of Cairo, you’ll soon realise just how important the Nile Delta really is. Home to two thirds of Egypt’s population, it’s this luscious and fertile area that has sustained the country’s people for centuries: hence why it’s often called the ‘bread basket’ of Egypt. Nature on the Nile In the Nile Delta, you’ll come across an area teeming with flora and fauna. There are frogs, tortoises and turtles, as well as mongooses and Nile monitors; lizards which can grow up to six feet in length! Bird watchers will be impressed with the incredible range of water birds which spend the Winter here, including herons, cormorants, ibises and egrets, but if you travel here in Autumn, you’ll be amazed at the red lotus flowers which litter the surface of the Nile. Crocodiles and hippopotamuses no longer live in the area, but keep an eye out for the statue of Sobek—the crocodile God—at Kom Ombo! Ancient Civilisations The Nile Delta is a huge area, and yet wherever you rent one of HomeAway’s Egypt rentals, you’ll be afforded the opportunity to explore its ancient past. With Giza situated on the western side of the Nile, and Luxor sitting on the eastern bank, you’ll be perfectly placed to explore the amazing attractions if you choose to stay in the south, at Cairo. Travel further north and west, however, and you’ll be able to take a trip to Alexandria, which lies on the coast of the Mediterranean. Today Egypt’s second largest city, this incredible town was once the home of Anthony and Cleopatra, and Roman theatres, ancient citadels and impressive palaces remain. Its library, built at the site of the ancient bibliotheca, contains more than eight million books, and its National Museum houses some 1,800 ancient archaeological pieces. Nile Delta Holiday Accommodation	i don't know
King Claudius and Queen Gertrude appear in which Shakespeare play?	SparkNotes: Hamlet: Analysis of Major Characters Analysis of Major Characters Themes, Motifs & Symbols Hamlet Hamlet has fascinated audiences and readers for centuries, and the first thing to point out about him is that he is enigmatic. There is always more to him than the other characters in the play can figure out; even the most careful and clever readers come away with the sense that they don’t know everything there is to know about this character. Hamlet actually tells other characters that there is more to him than meets the eye—notably, his mother, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern—but his fascination involves much more than this. When he speaks, he sounds as if there’s something important he’s not saying, maybe something even he is not aware of. The ability to write soliloquies and dialogues that create this effect is one of Shakespeare’s most impressive achievements. A university student whose studies are interrupted by his father’s death, Hamlet is extremely philosophical and contemplative. He is particularly drawn to difficult questions or questions that cannot be answered with any certainty. Faced with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, evidence that any other character in a play would believe, Hamlet becomes obsessed with proving his uncle’s guilt before trying to act. The standard of “beyond a reasonable doubt” is simply unacceptable to him. He is equally plagued with questions about the afterlife, about the wisdom of suicide, about what happens to bodies after they die—the list is extensive. But even though he is thoughtful to the point of obsession, Hamlet also behaves rashly and impulsively. When he does act, it is with surprising swiftness and little or no premeditation, as when he stabs Polonius through a curtain without even checking to see who he is. He seems to step very easily into the role of a madman, behaving erratically and upsetting the other characters with his wild speech and pointed innuendos. It is also important to note that Hamlet is extremely melancholy and discontented with the state of affairs in Denmark and in his own family—indeed, in the world at large. He is extremely disappointed with his mother for marrying his uncle so quickly, and he repudiates Ophelia, a woman he once claimed to love, in the harshest terms. His words often indicate his disgust with and distrust of women in general. At a number of points in the play, he contemplates his own death and even the option of suicide. But, despite all of the things with which Hamlet professes dissatisfaction, it is remarkable that the prince and heir apparent of Denmark should think about these problems only in personal and philosophical terms. He spends relatively little time thinking about the threats to Denmark’s national security from without or the threats to its stability from within (some of which he helps to create through his own carelessness). Claudius Hamlet’s major antagonist is a shrewd, lustful, conniving king who contrasts sharply with the other male characters in the play. Whereas most of the other important men in Hamlet are preoccupied with ideas of justice, revenge, and moral balance, Claudius is bent upon maintaining his own power. The old King Hamlet was apparently a stern warrior, but Claudius is a corrupt politician whose main weapon is his ability to manipulate others through his skillful use of language. Claudius’s speech is compared to poison being poured in the ear—the method he used to murder Hamlet’s father. Claudius’s love for Gertrude may be sincere, but it also seems likely that he married her as a strategic move, to help him win the throne away from Hamlet after the death of the king. As the play progresses, Claudius’s mounting fear of Hamlet’s insanity leads him to ever greater self-preoccupation; when Gertrude tells him that Hamlet has killed Polonius, Claudius does not remark that Gertrude might have been in danger, but only that he would have been in danger had he been in the room. He tells Laertes the same thing as he attempts to soothe the young man’s anger after his father’s death. Claudius is ultimately too crafty for his own good. In Act V, scene ii, rather than allowing Laertes only two methods of killing Hamlet, the sharpened sword and the poison on the blade, Claudius insists on a third, the poisoned goblet. When Gertrude inadvertently drinks the poison and dies, Hamlet is at last able to bring himself to kill Claudius, and the king is felled by his own cowardly machination. Gertrude Few Shakespearean characters have caused as much uncertainty as Gertrude, the beautiful Queen of Denmark. The play seems to raise more questions about Gertrude than it answers, including: Was she involved with Claudius before the death of her husband? Did she love her husband? Did she know about Claudius’s plan to commit the murder? Did she love Claudius, or did she marry him simply to keep her high station in Denmark? Does she believe Hamlet when he insists that he is not mad, or does she pretend to believe him simply to protect herself? Does she intentionally betray Hamlet to Claudius, or does she believe that she is protecting her son’s secret? These questions can be answered in numerous ways, depending upon one’s reading of the play. The Gertrude who does emerge clearly in Hamlet is a woman defined by her desire for station and affection, as well as by her tendency to use men to fulfill her instinct for self-preservation—which, of course, makes her extremely dependent upon the men in her life. Hamlet’s most famous comment about Gertrude is his furious condemnation of women in general: “Frailty, thy name is woman!” (I.ii.146). This comment is as much indicative of Hamlet’s agonized state of mind as of anything else, but to a great extent Gertrude does seem morally frail. She never exhibits the ability to think critically about her situation, but seems merely to move instinctively toward seemingly safe choices, as when she immediately runs to Claudius after her confrontation with Hamlet. She is at her best in social situations (I.ii and V.ii), when her natural grace and charm seem to indicate a rich, rounded personality. At times it seems that her grace and charm are her only characteristics, and her reliance on men appears to be her sole way of capitalizing on her abilities.	Hamlet
"Which company whose name means ""I roll"", started life in 1915 as a subsidiary of a ball-bearing factory?"	Hamlet: Gertrude \| Character Analysis \| CliffsNotes Character Analysis Bookmark this page Manage My Reading List Gertrude is a shadowy character with little substance on which to hang a characterization. We can examine her through what others say about her more than through what she says. That she is "th'imperial jointress" to the throne of Denmark indicates that she wields some power and suggests that Claudius ' decision to marry her had political implications. Yet Hamlet indicts all women by calling her fickle — "frailty, thy name is woman." We see through Hamlet the picture of a woman who one day lived obediently and in the shadow of one king to whom she was devoted. The next day she allies herself in love and politics with the polar opposite of the man she formerly called husband. The most haunting questions about Gertrude's character revolve around whether she knows that Claudius is a criminal. Is she merely a dependent woman who needs to live through her man? Is she a conniving temptress who used her power to conspire with Claudius to kill King Hamlet and usurp Prince Hamlet's ascendancy? No textual references are conclusive. The ghost of King Hamlet calls her his "most seeming virtuous queen." He entreats Hamlet to "Leave her to Heaven / And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge / To prick and sting her." These words could imply that she has reason to be guilty, that she is not blameless. Later, the ghost implores Hamlet to comfort her. "But look, amazement on thy mother sits. / Oh step between her and her fighting soul." Again, he waxes protective of her but implies that she has some reason to be spiritually conflicted. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive at Elsinore, she tells them that they have been sent for because of the way Hamlet "hath talked of you," and she promises them compensation fit for " a king's remembrance." She exhibits apparent sincerity in her concern for Hamlet, and yet, even after Hamlet has told her what he knows about Claudius, even after he has shared his fears of the trip to England, even after Hamlet has clearly proven that something is rotten in the state of Denmark, she never opposes Claudius to protect Hamlet. Unless, as some critics believe, she drinks the poisoned wine as an act of maternal protectiveness. Does she know the wine is poisoned? When "the Queen carouses to thy fortune, Hamlet" is she deliberately drinking to prevent Hamlet's death? If Gertrude has overheard Claudius and Laertes plotting, she would know all. If she is in Claudius' confidence, she would be complicit with all his conspiracies. Though Claudius professes love and admiration for Gertrude, he never confides to anyone the extent of their relationship. Gertrude describes her love for Hamlet when she asks him not to return to Wittenberg. When she shares with Ophelia her hope that the young woman would have married her Hamlet, she divulges her wish for his happiness. However, she never declares any kind of emotion for Claudius, either positive or negative. Ultimately, Gertrude's character remains malleable. In the hands of an astute actor and a clever director, she can come across as either Claudius' co-conspirator or Hamlet's defender. Either interpretation works, if built substantially.	i don't know
What is the common name of Fagus sylvatica?	Fagus sylvatica Beech, European beech, Common Beech PFAF Plant Database Physical Characteristics Fagus sylvatica is a deciduous Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from Apr to May, and the seeds ripen from Sep to October. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and are pollinated by Wind.It is noted for attracting wildlife. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure. It can tolerate atmospheric pollution. Synonyms Edible Uses: Coffee ; Oil . Young leaves - raw[183]. A very nice mild flavour, they go well in a mixed salad. However, the leaves quickly become tough so only the youngest should be used[2, 5, 12, K]. New growth is usually produced for 2 periods of 3 weeks each year, one in spring and one in mid-summer. Seed - raw or cooked[2, 5, 7, 63, 183]. A pleasant sweet flavour, though rather small and fiddly[K]. The seed can also be dried and ground into a powder and then used with cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc[12]. The seed is rich in oil. The seed should not be eaten in large quantities because it contains a deleterious principle[65, 238]. The seed contains 17 - 20% of an edible semi-drying oil[4, 7, 8, 57]. This stores well without going rancid and is said to be equal in delicacy to olive oil[183]. It is used as a dressing for salads and also for cooking[238]. The seed residue is poisonous[9, 57]. The roasted seed is used as a coffee substitute[2, 63]. Medicinal Uses Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally. Antacid ; Antipyretic ; Antiseptic ; Antitussive ; Bach ; Expectorant ; Odontalgic ; Skin . The bark is antacid, antipyretic, antiseptic, antitussive, expectorant, odontalgic[7, 9]. A tar (or creosote), obtained by dry distillation of the branches, is stimulating and antiseptic[4]. It is used internally as a stimulating expectorant and externally as an application to various skin diseases[4, 238]. The pure creosote has been used to give relief from toothache, but it should not be used without expert guidance[7]. The plant is used in Bach flower remedies - the keywords for prescribing it are 'Intolerance', 'Criticism' and 'Passing judgements'[209]. Other Uses Charcoal ; Fuel ; Hedge ; Hedge ; Oil ; Stuffing ; Teeth ; Wood . A semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed, it is used as a fuel for lighting, as a lubricant, for polishing wood etc[12, 13, 46, 57, 63]. The seed residue is poisonous[9, 57]. The leaf buds harvested in the winter and dried on the twigs are used as toothpicks[66]. The leaves are gathered in autumn and used as a stuffing material for mattresses etc[115]. Wood - hard, heavy, strong, very durable[13, 46]. It is not suitable for outdoor use[1] and is often attacked by a small beetle[4]. It has a wide range of applications, including furniture, flooring, turnery etc[100]. It makes a very good fuel[6, 66], burning with a lot of heat[4], and yields a charcoal known as 'Carbo Ligni Pulveratus'[46]. The wood has often been used as a source of creosote, tar, methyl alcohol. acetic acid[123]. Cultivation details Landscape Uses:Firewood, Pest tolerant, Hedge, Aggressive surface roots possible, Screen, Specimen. Thrives on a light or medium soil, doing well on chalk, but ill-adapted for a heavy wet soil[1, 11]. Prefers a calcareous soil but succeeds in acid soils though it does not make such a fine tree in such a situation[186]. Succeeds in almost any soil and any pH, it is also very tolerant of a wide range of climatic conditions so long as there is sufficient rainfall[200]. Established trees are drought tolerant[186]. Very wind tolerant but dislikes salt[200]. Trees are shallow rooted and this might make them less wind resistant[186]. Trees have two growth periods a year, each of about 3 weeks in duration. The first is in spring around the end of April, the second is in summer, around the end of July. Trees are often slow growing and also can be very slow to establish after transplanting. However, in good conditions they are capable of growing up to a metre in a year. Young trees are very shade tolerant, but are subject to frost damage to their flowers and young leaves and so are best grown in a woodland position which will protect them[200]. An important food plant for many caterpillars, it has 64 species of associated insects[24]. Trees have a heavy canopy and cast a dense shade, very few other species can grow in a dense beech wood and on suitable soils it becomes the dominant species[186]. Very intolerant of coppicing, trees producing none or only very weak growth afterwards and this is soon smothered by other plants[186]. Plants are very tolerant of light pruning however and if this is carried out in late summer the plants will retain their dead leaves over winter[29]. There are many named forms selected for their ornamental value. Those forms with purple leaves prefer a position in full sun whilst forms with yellow leaves prefer some shade[188]. This species is notably resistant to honey fungus[200]. Special Features: Not North American native, All or parts of this plant are poisonous, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. Propagation Seed - the seed has a short viability and is best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame. Protect the seed from mice. Germination takes place in the spring. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. The seedlings are slow growing for the first few years and are very susceptible to damage by late frosts. The seed can also be sown in an outdoor seedbed in the autumn[186]. The seedlings can be left in the open ground for three years before transplanting, but do best if put into their final positions as soon as possible and given some protection from spring frosts. Other Names Found In Weed Potential Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking. Conservation Status IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Related Plants	Beech
By what nickname was the comic book character 'Alf Tupper' known?	Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Form large shade tree maturing at about 60' tall by 40' wide, although it can become much larger under favorable conditions upright oval growth habit (for the species form, and many of the cultivars) slow growth rate (becoming a medium growth rate by middle age) Culture full sun to partial sun (tolerant of partial shade to full shade in youth) performs best in deep, rich, evenly moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils, but is tolerant (although not especially happy) of neutral to alkaline pH soils, average soils, compacted soils, heat, and drought (once established) species form is propagated by seeds, while the cultivars are usually propagated by grafting onto seedling rootstock Beech Family, with few disease or pest problems of significance; European Beech adapts much better than American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) to moderate urban stresses, but still struggles with urban stresses (heat, drought, poor soils, and soil compaction), performing best in areas with cool Summers and good, moist soils abundantly available in ball and burlap form, including many cultivars many specimens are allowed to branch low to the ground, due to their exquisite foliage and graceful horizontal to upswept branching European Beech is somewhat sensitive to being transplanted in Autumn, and care should be taken to amend the soil, fertilize, water thoroughly, mulch adequately, and avoid Winter salt spray, to enhance survival chances during the first Winter Foliage the species form and several cultivars are medium to dark green and shiny, but several foliage-color variants exist (mostly purple or variegated) alternate, ovate to elliptical, entire to crenate along the margins, often with an undulating margin, and short-petioled; some cultivars are cutleaf or deeply crenate fall color for the species form is chartreuse, golden, or yellow-brown Flowers separate staminate (male) and pistillate (female) inflorescences occur on the same tree (monoecious), flowering in late April and early May, ornamentally insignificant and partially obscured by the expanding foliage Fruits three-sided pointed nuts, with one to three nuts per fruit, are exposed as the external bristly husk splits open in September and October nuts are quickly devoured by squirrels and larger birds Twigs somewhat thin olive-brown twigs, with prominently long, pointed, tan Winter buds twigs and branchlets often lie more or less within the plane of the branch, for an overall layered branching effect, with the horizontal lower branches having upswept twigs and buds at their extremities Trunk usually single-trunked, with the bark being very thin and smooth, medium to light gray, and quite ornamental in Winter (especially if limbed up in youth to yield a scarless smooth trunk) the straight trunk of the species form eventually loses its central leader to several upright branches in the upper one-half of the mature canopy trunk exhibits a graceful basal flare with age to the shallow root system ID Summary a species with several cultivars exhibiting variation in growth habit (upright oval versus columnar versus pendulous) and foliage color (green versus purple versus variegated) in general, foliage is alternate, ovate, wavy-margined, and entire or subtley crenate, on short petioles trunks (with basal flare to the shallow root system) have smooth, gray, ornamental bark, while Winter buds are tan and very elongated, on stems that lie within the plane of the branch, for layered branching small, husky and prickly fruits dehisce in Autumn to reveal small, three-sided, pointed nuts that are consumed by wildlife Function specimen, shade, focal point, or wildlife attraction tree although rarely seen, this tree can be planted in a row and pruned into tall hedge form, being especially attractive if one of the purple-leaved cultivars is used Texture medium-textured in foliage and fine-textured when bare thick density in foliage and when bare (except in youth, when the branching is sparse, very open, and often asymmetrical) Assets many cultivars are available for alternative foliage color, weeping or columnar habit, or cutleaf character graceful or architecturally interesting branching, depending upon cultivar smooth medium-gray ornamental bark nuts attract wildlife in Autumn dense shade at maturity often awkwardly and sparsely branched when very young turf may die out under the dense shade of mature trees not especially urban tolerant SELECTIONS Alternates large shade or specimen trees with alternative broadleaf foliage colors (Acer platanoides 'Crimson King', 'Crimson Sentry', 'Drummondi', etc., Liriodendron tulipifera 'Aureo-marginatum' or 'Majestic Beauty'; other species of trees exist with this trait, but they are often weakly growing) Variants many more cultivars exist than are listed below, some of which combine two or more ornamental traits (for example, weeping purple-foliaged forms, fastigiate golden-foliaged forms, and dwarf weeping purple-foliaged forms all exist, but are not listed) Fagus sylvatica 'Asplenifolia' - Fernleaf European Beech - deeply incised, almost fern-like cutleaf foliage, yielding a very fine-textured specimen tree, definitely underutilized in modern landscapes Fagus sylvatica 'Dawyckii' - Dawyck European Beech - a twisting columnar to fastigiate form, yielding an extremely narrow upright focal point, to 80' tall by 10' wide Fagus sylvatica 'Pendula' - Weeping European Beech - quickly losing its central leader, the branches continuously arch or hang downward to yield a spreading and pendulous specimen whose branch tips may reach all the way to the ground Fagus sylvatica 'Riversii' - Rivers European Beech - representative of the dark purpleleaf forms, holding this color for most of the Summer, but eventually becoming dark bronzed Fagus sylvatica 'Tricolor' - Tricolor European Beech - variegated foliage emerges very dark bronzed with a lavender margin, then turns to dark green with a pink margin during the Summer, maturing to light gray-green with a cream margin in early Autumn, and finally becoming somewhat golden in fall color; also known as Roseo-marginata' or 'Purpurea Tricolor'	i don't know
Which American city is served by 'Hopkins International Airport'?	Cleveland Hopkins International Airport Cleveland Hopkins International Airport Everything takes off from here. Less Fare. More There. Learn More Enjoy your time at CLE Whether you’re departing or arriving, there’s always something great going on at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Arrive a little early or linger a little longer, there is a world of amenities at your fingertips. Shopping With a diverse collection of specialty stores, local favorites and airport staples, the shops at CLE give you ample opportunities to pick up a souvenir or travel essential. From fresh and healthy foods to quick choices, CLE has a bevy of dining options. Healthy CLE Learn More News in and Around CLE There’s always something exciting happening at Cleveland Hopkins. We’re committed to keeping travelers and the public updated and informed about all airport business. Allegiant announces nonstop service to Destin / Fort Walton Beach with fares as low as $42 CLEVELAND. Jan. 10, 2017 — Allegiant ( NASDAQ: ALGT ) today annou... Southwest to increase service at CLE The airline announces plans to add 3 flights Cleveland, January 5th, 2017 – Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) has been notified that CLE will receive new service fro... 2016 Holiday Hours of Operation Please click here to view the 2016 Holiday hours of operation. Please Read More Call For Artists CLE’s Temporary Art Exhibition Program is a free initiative available to artists. The purpose of this program is to showcase the diversity of arts and culture of the Cleveland Plus Region. Indivi...	Cleveland
'CH' are the international identification letters for which country's motor cars?	Cleveland Hopkins International Airport - Long Term Garage Airport parking at CLE Cleveland Hopkins International Airport About Cleveland Hopkins International Airport × Parking At Cleveland Hopkins International Airport AirportParking.com has you covered if you’re looking for Cleveland Hopkins International Airport parking options. Reserve your parking spot at Park â€˜N Fly Cleveland, which is close in proximity to the airport and offers free shuttle transportation to and from the airport terminals, along with the option for a car wash while you’re away on your trip. On-airport parking is also available and operated by Standard Parking. The Economy Shuttle Parking Lot is your best bet for saving money, with over 600 spaces located at the airport. Turn right at Park Road across from shuttle service provided by the Sheraton Hotel, which runs continuously from the North Economy Parking Lot to the terminal. Other parking options include the Short-Term and Long-Term Parking Garages on Park Road. Cleveland Airport even provides useful â€œYou Are Hereâ€ color-coded cards to help you remember where you parked so you don’t waste time searching for your vehicle when you return. CLE Airport Guide Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) serves Cleveland, Ohio and its surrounding areas, with nearly 10 million passengers passing through its gates in 2010 â€“ in fact, it’s Ohio’s busiest airport. Cleveland Airport also claims one of the best on-time flight records in the country. Just twelve miles away from downtown Cleveland, the airport is easy to reach. Take I-71 if you’re coming north or south, or I-480 if you’re coming west or east, and exit Route 237. For those opting for public transportation, the airport offers direct rail service via the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) Red Line Rapid (about 20 minutes away from downtown). Cleveland Airport served as a hub for Continental Airlines â€“ which has now merged with United Airlines â€“ but is also home to other air carriers, including American Airlines, Delta, Southwest, and Air Canada Jazz. American Eagle, Frontier, US Airways and USA 3000 utilize Concourse A, while Delta and Southwest take up space in Concourse B. United flights take off from both Concourses C and D. Close	i don't know
Who had a top ten hit in 1992, with the song 'Achy, Breaky Heart'?	Billy Ray Cyrus - Achy breaky heart - YouTube Billy Ray Cyrus - Achy breaky heart Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 20, 2014 Billy Ray Cyrus is an American country music singer-songwriter and actor. Having released twelve studio albums and forty-four singles since 1992, he is best known for his number one single "Achy Breaky Heart", which became the first single ever to achieve triple Platinum status in Australia. The song has been translated into more than 100 languages. Thanks to the video of this hit, the line dance catapulted into the mainstream, becoming a worldwide craze. Cyrus, a multi-platinum selling recording artist, has scored a total of eight top-ten singles on the Billboard Country Songs chart. His most successful album to date is his debut Some Gave All, which has been certified 9× Multi-Platinum in the United States. It is the only album (from any genre) in the SoundScan era to log 17 consecutive weeks at number one and is also the top-ranking debut album by a male country artist. It ranked 43 weeks in the top 10, a total topped by only one country album in history, Ropin' the Wind by Garth Brooks. Some Gave All was also the first debut album to enter at number one on the Billboard Country Albums chart. It is the longest time spent by a debut artist at number one on the Billboard 200 (17 consecutive weeks) and most consecutive chart-topping weeks in the SoundScan era. The album has also sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. In his career, Billy Ray Cyrus has released 35 charted singles, of which 15 charted in the Top 40. From 2001 to 2004, Cyrus starred in the television show Doc. and In late 2005, he began to co-star in the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana with his daughter Miley Cyrus until 2011. Category	Billy Ray Cyrus
In which Olympic event did John Braithwaite win Gold for Great Britain in 1968?	Billy Ray Cyrus Releases Hip-Hop Sequel to 'Achy Breaky Heart' - Rolling Stone Billy Ray Cyrus Releases Hip-Hop Sequel to 'Achy Breaky Heart' Billy Ray Cyrus Releases Hip-Hop Sequel to 'Achy Breaky Heart' Rapper Buck 22 resurrects song with 'Achy Breaky 2' Billy Ray Cyrus, the singer behind the ubiquitous 1992 hit "Achy Breaky Heart," resurrects the country earworm with the help of rapper Buck 22 in the bizarre video for the rapper’s track "Achy Breaky 2." More News Q&A: Billy Ray Cyrus on How Miley's Advice Led to 'Achy Breaky 2' The video opens with Larry King cautioning viewers that there’s been an "unidentified flying object seen transcending over Europe" and gets weirder from there. There are scantily-clad, twerking aliens. The rapper exclaiming that, "It happened 'cause I happened to meet up with Billy Cyrus." An EDM-lite beat anchoring that hook you spent years trying to extricate from your memory. Buck 22 may not be a household name, but he comes from an impressive musical pedigree. The son of jazz drummer Bill Elliott and veteran pop/R&B singer Dionne Warwick, the rapper explained in a statement how the bizarre pairing came to be. Billy Ray Cyrus Says 'Hannah Montana' Destroyed His Family "I asked [Billy Ray Cyrus] if he would mind if I could take a crack at remaking 'Achy Breaky Heart' and he looked at me for a moment, and said 'lots of people have tried already, but go for it.' He didn't have a clue that I had already gone into the lab and cooked up a demo of what I thought would be a fun EDM/hip-hop styled version, which at the time only had a sample from the original of his voice. He liked what he heard and, weeks later, arrived at the session to record this track." Don’t Miss a Story Sign up for our newsletter to receive breaking news directly in your inbox. We may use your e-mail address to send you the newsletter and offers that may interest you, on behalf of Rolling Stone and its partners. For more information please read our Privacy Policy How we use your email address Trending Ranked on a scale from 1 to 10, the trending score reflects the number of users reading a story in real time. What is this?	i don't know
Terry Gene Bollea is the real name of which wrestler turned actor?	Hulk Hogan - Biography - IMDb Hulk Hogan Biography Showing all 132 items Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (2) \| Trade Mark (10) \| Trivia (102) \| Personal Quotes (9) \| Salary (4) Overview (4) 6' 4¾" (1.95 m) Mini Bio (1) One of the greatest, most popular, most hated and charismatic wrestlers of all time, Hulk Hogan is one of the men who helped parlay the circus-like world of professional wrestling from cult following into the forefront of American entertainment. What many people who know about Hogan don't know is he was in the "sport" for several years in virtual obscurity before hitting the big time. Hogan was born Terry Gene Bollea in Augusta, Georgia, to Ruth V. (Moody), a dance teacher, and Peter Bollea, a construction foreman. He is of Italian (from his paternal grandfather), Irish, English, Scottish, and French descent. He was raised in Port Tampa, Florida. Hogan made his pro debut in 1978 and wrestled as "Sterling Golden" before becoming "Hulk." Hogan was getting main event matches while wrestling in the American Wrestling Alliance (AWA) in the early 1980s before he was cast as Thunderlips in Rocky III (1982). That bit of casting propelled Hogan into the spotlight and he was soon to enter the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1983. At the time, the WWF was just beginning to go from local television (they were based in the Northeast U.S.) to national, and Hogan's personality (and some well-done marketing and PR, plus the Wrestlemania series) helped to transform not only the WWF, but wrestling into the big show it is today. Hogan won the WWF title numerous times, and was credited with dealing André the Giant his first loss in pro wrestling. Hogan was soon seen everywhere -- television, cartoons, movies, records and lunch boxes -- but he was a part of the steroid scandal in the WWF, and quietly left the organization. Hogan laid low in wrestling circles, but continued to act before coming back, this time with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the WWF's bitter rival. Hogan helped create the New World Order, the main bunch of badmen in WCW, and became more popular than ever. He abandoned his trademark red and yellow colors for black, and even dyed his beard black. He still wrestles as of today, and, like it or not, is probably one of the best entertainers in any form of show business. He always put on a show. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ken Severson Spouse (2) As Hollywood Hogan, made his ring entrances to "Voodoo Child" by Jimi Hendrix . He joined the World Wrestling Entertainment in 1979, cast as an Irish villain. Admitted to steroid use in 1994. Majored in business management at the University of South Florida, Tampa, before becoming a professional wrestler. As a high school baseball player, Hogan was a hot pro prospect and was considered the best pitcher in the state. Won the WWF Championship six times. The last time he won it was in May 2002. Won the WCW Heavyweight Championship six times, the last being 1999. Is an accomplished bass player and played bass in several local rock bands in Tampa, Florida. First pro wrestler on the cover of "Sports Illustrated." Spent 10 years as a professional guitarist before becoming a wrestler. His family has more than 30 pets, including dogs, cats, birds, chinchillas, ferrets, turtles, iguanas, rabbits, fish, and a frog. Considered running for president. Signed as official spokesman for an Acclaim video game entitled Legends of Wrestling (2001). [October 2001] One of the original three members of the New World Order (nWo). The other two are Scott Hall and Kevin Nash . April 21, 2002: Won the WWF (Undisputed) Championship for the 6th time from HHH at WWF Backlash (2002). One of the first wrestlers to have ring music play on his way to the ring. Was brought to the federation by Freddie Blassie . His first WWF title reign lasted from January 1984 to February 1988, when he lost to André the Giant . Has only lost three times at Wrestlemania. His first loss was to The Ultimate Warrior' James Hellwig' at WrestleMania VI (1990). The second time was as a teammate of Brutus the Barber Beefcake at WrestleMania IX (1993) against Money Inc. ( Ted DiBiase and Mike Rotunda (IRS)) as a result of a disqualification. The final time was to Dwayne Johnson at WrestleMania X8 (2002). All of his WWF title reigns put together are about 6 years (more than 2,000 days)!. One of the first wrestlers to defeat André the Giant . Others before him included Rugged Ronnie Garvin ( Roger Barnes ), Antonio Inoki , El Canek, and the Iron Sheik ( Khosrow Vaziri ). Won his first WWF World Heavyweight title more than 18 years ago on January 23, 1984, when he defeated the Iron Sheik ( Khosrow Vaziri ) in one of the shortest heavyweight title matches in history. It took Hogan 5 minutes and 40 seconds to pin the Sheik with a leg drop. He was originally called "Hulk" because it was noted at a match that he was taller than the actor who played the "The Incredible Hulk", Lou Ferrigno . Ranked #1 in the "PWI 500" of the PWI Years (1979-1999) (Pro Wrestling Illustrated 20th Anniversary Special) Uncle of Michael Bollea . Has three movies in the IMDb bottom 100. Held the IWGP World Title, giving him the distinction of being one of three Americans--along with Scott Norton and Leon White (aka Big Van Vader)--to hold that title. He is the single most requested celebrity for the Make-A-Wish Foundation. Early in his career wrestled as Terry "The Hulk" Boulder. Wrestled as Mr. America in 2003 in WWE. Filmed the show Thunder in Paradise (1994) at Disney-MGM Studios at Walt Disney World, in Orlando, Florida. In probably the most historic wrestling match ever, he body-slammed and defeated André the Giant at WrestleMania III (1987). Despite reports to the contrary, he was not the first man to body-slam André. Eight-time National Wrestling Alliance Champion Harley Race did so several years before, and Hogan himself body-slammed André in a match in 1980 (which appears on the Hulk Hogan anthology DVD). He is the third person to be a six-time WWF World Champion. The other two are Dwayne Johnson and Stone Cold Steve Austin . He appeared in some of the live-action segments of the cartoon series Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling (1985) (1985-1986). He was one of the wrestlers featured in the cartoon series Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling (1985) (1985-1986), though he did not provide his own voice. Brad Garrett of Everybody Loves Raymond (1996) was the voice of the animated Hulkster. Adopted the song "Ravishing," written by Jim Steinman and performed by Bonnie Tyler , as his theme song. Subtitled "The Hulk Hogan Theme," it was sung during his wrestling entrances in his early days with WCW. Lost WCW World Championship to Bill Goldberg on July 6, 1998, in Atlanta's Georgia Dome on WCW Monday Nitro (1995). Lost his fifth WWF Title to Rodney Anoai (aka Yokozuna) in his first defense since winning the title over a month earlier. It was his last WWF title match for nine years. Only once did he ever win a tag-team championship, that was with Adam Copeland (aka Edge) in July 2002. He was the direct inspiration for Copeland to enter the business 12 years prior. At a point when his wrestling career was 25 years old, he wrestled Brock Lesnar , who was himself just 25 years old. His daughter, Brooke Hogan , released her debut solo album in August 2004. In what was one of the biggest slaps to the face of his career, Hogan was scheduled to face Jeff Jarrett for the WCW Heavyweight title. Hogan was supposed to win the title; however, Vince Russo (who was the head booker at the time) decided to have Jarrett lie down and allow Hogan to win and then send Hogan home. Russo created another title and proceeded to carry on without Hogan. Hogan was never seen in WCW again. He still has the belt. Notable title wins include: IWGP Heavyweight Title, WWF Title (6), WWW Royal Rumble Winner (2), WCW World Title (6), WWF Undisputed Title, and WWF tag-team titles with Edge ( Adam Copeland ). Hogan also won the WCW World Title for a seventh time by defeating Jeff Jarrett ; however, the title reign was never recognized. When he first wrestled under the "Hulk" name, he was known as the Incredible Hulk Hogan. Until recently, neither he nor the WWF/WCW (titan Sports) owned the full rights to his "Hulk" name. "Hulkamania," "Hulk Hogan," and "Hulkster" were all owned by Marvel Comics. The WWF/WWE made a deal with Marvel to use the name "Hulk." This was also done with WCW when Hogan went to WCW. Also, WCW used "Hollywood Hogan" to cancel the Marvel deal, but the deal was still alive. However, before the 2006 release of his multidisk anthology, Hogan acquired the rights to the name Hulk Hogan from Marvel. The trademark citation "Hulk Hogan is a trademark of Terry Bollea" can be found on the DVD-set credits. Daughter Brooke Hogan sang the national anthems at the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals in Tampa. WWE Hall of Famer, inducted in 2005. The character "Hawk" from Vendetta (1991) was modeled after him. Teamed up with Shawn Michaels to face Mark Magnus (aka Muhammad Hassan) and Shawn Daivari (aka Daivari) at Backlash 2005. His theme song, "Real American," was initially written for the then-WWF tag- team champions Barry Windham and Mike Rotunda . First-ever IWGP Heavyweight Champion. His original theme song was "Eye of the Tiger," which was the theme song of Rocky III (1982), in which he made an appearance. During his 1980s heyday in the WWE, he lived next door to WWF owner Vince McMahon for almost 10 years. Is an avid fan of the Tampa Bay Lighting of the National Hockey League. Elected to the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2003. Twisted his ankle during the filming of Little Hercules in 3-D (2009). Former World Tag-Team Champion. Hulk's paternal grandfather, Peter Bollea, was Italian, born in Cigliano, Vercelli, Piemonte. The rest of Hulk's ancestry is Irish, English, Scottish, and French. Hulk's mother was born in Panama, while some of her family members were working on the Panama Canal there. Hulk's maternal grandfather, Henry Clinton Moody, was from Maryland, and Hulk's maternal grandmother, Vernice Caroline Violette, was from Old Town, Maine. Previous managers: Billy Spears, "Classy" Freddie Blassie ( Freddie Blassie ), Jimmy Hart , Miss Elizabeth , Ted DiBiase , and Eric Bischoff . Was Joel Schumacher 's third choice to play Mr. Freeze/Dr. Victor Fries in Batman & Robin (1997). Father of Nick Hogan and Brooke Hogan . In 1981, Verne Gagne brought Hogan to the AWA. As of 2007, he has the fourth-most Wrestlemania wrestling appearances, having appeared in 11. He wrestled in Wrestlemanias 1-9, and 18-19. (He appeared at Wrestlemania 21, but did not officially wrestle). Third-most is Bret "The Hitman" Hart ( Bret Hart ), with 12; second-most, Shawn Michaels with 14, and the Undertaker ( Mark Calaway ) holds the record for most, with 15 appearances. Lost his WWF championship once in his career in the Survivor Series in 1991 to The Undertaker ( Mark Calaway ). In 1978, he made his wrestling debut in Florida using the Super Destroyer gimmick. He later wrestled as Terry Boulder and Sterling Golden before becoming Hulk Hogan. In late 1982, Hogan and Antonio Inoki won the 3rd Annual MSG Tag League. Lost to The Ultimate Warrior Jim Hellwig at WrestleMania VI (1990) and Dwayne Johnson at WrestleMania X8 (2002) in the same venue - Skydome, Toronto, Canada. Was best man at the wedding of Bubba the Love Sponge . Is godfather to Ed Leslie 's only daughter. Defeated Yokozuna in Wrestlemania IX for the WWF championship after Yokozuna defeated Bret Hitman Hart. It was the shortest wrestling match in history for the WWF title. This record was later broken by Kevin Nash in 1995 when he beat Bob Backlund in 8 seconds for the world title. On an episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1992), it was revealed that he was initially offered the chance to endorse the "Lean, Mean, Grilling Machine" that went on to make former boxer George Foreman millions of dollars. Particapated in WCW Nitro's infamous Fingerpoke of Doom match. In which he was going to wrestle WCW Champion Kevin Nash. When the match began he poked Nash in the chest and he fell down and Hogan pinned him. The match is considered to be the start of the downfall of WCW and its ratings. Turned down the chance to travel to Iraq as part of the WWE Tribute to the Troops show in 2008. Was already six feet tall at the age of twelve. Underwent back surgery in a Florida hospital on December 21, 2010. Was considered for the role of Little John in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991)). Published author. Was at one point close friends with fellow wrestler and former Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura . However, Ventura ended his friendship with Hogan in the 1990s after Ventura learned in his lawsuit against the owner of World Wrestling Entertainment Vince McMahon that Hogan had informed McMahon about Ventura's attempt to form a labor union in 1984, which McMahon prevented. Drew the biggest crowd to Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas than any other sports hero, including Evil Knieval. Is supporting his daughter Brooke's music career. [July 2004] Release of his autobiography, "My Life Outside the Ring" by Hulk with Mark Dagostino . [October 2009] Host of the new American Gladiators (2008) on NBC. [January 2008] Release of his book, "Hollywood Hulk Hogan" by Hulk with Michael Jan Friedman . [2002] Won his tag-team match with Shawn Michaels at "Backlash" against Mark Magnus (aka Muhammad Hassan) and Shawn Daivari (aka Daivari). [May 2005] Release of the book, "Hollywood Hulk Hogan: The Story of Terry Bollea; a Real-life Reader Biography" by 'Susan Zannos'. [2000] Left WWE for the second summer in a row [June 2003] Has been announced as an inductee in the WWE Hall Of Fame Class of 2005. He will likely make an appearance at WWE WrestleMania XXI. [March 2005] Release of the book, "Hulk Hogan: Eye of the Tiger" by 'Barry Janoff'. [1986] Negotating with the WWE about an appearence and possibly a match at Wrestlemania 21. [January 2005] Is scheduled to face Shawn Michaels at "Summerslam". [July 2005] Will be inducting Gene Okerlund (aka Mean Gene) into the 2006 WWE Hall Of Fame. [April 2006] Currently under contract with the NWA:TNA (National Wrestling Alliance: Total Nonstop Action). [November 2003] Was supposed to compete for NWA-TNA, but injured his knee in Japan, wrestling Masahiro Chono. By the time it heals, it is up in the air whether or not he will compete for NWA-TNA, or go back to the WWE for Wrestlemania XX [November 2003] Release of the book, "Hulk Hogan" by 'William R. Sanford'. [1986] Claimed on The Howard Stern Show (1990) in 2012 that he was offered the role of Randy "The Ram" Robinson in The Wrestler (2008). Hogan claimed he turned down the role because he felt he wasn't the right person to portray the character. However, the film's director Darren Aronofsky disputed Hogan's claims, saying he was never considered, much less offered, the role of the main character, and the part was written specifically for Mickey Rourke . Inducted into the International Mustache Hall of Fame in 2015 (inaugural class) in the category Sports. Hulk is a first cousin, once removed, of actress Elisabeth Röhm . Hulk's paternal grandparents, Peter Bollea and Edith Medora Noonan, were also Elisabeth's maternal great-grandparents. Awarded $112 million from a lawsuit filed against Gawker Media when they leaked a sex tape featuring Hogan having sex with his best friend's wife. A jury awarded Hogan another $25 million in punitive damages from Gawker Media when they leaked the sex tape of Hogan and a friend's wife. Had three "demandments" of his Hulkamaniacs. They were prayers, vitamins, and exercise. Referred to his fans as "Hulkamaniacs". Personal Quotes (9) To all my little Hulkamaniacs, say your prayers, take your vitamins and you will never go wrong. (As Hollywood Hogan) "Blood is thicker than New Blood...dude!" Watcha gonna do when the hulkster runs wild on YOU? This is where the power lies! Well, ya know something Mean Gene... Whatever happens with wrestling, my family comes first. Wrestling's in my blood, but my family's in my heart (Regarding his height loss) "I used to be 6ft 7in, but after knee, neck and back surgeries, I'm now about 6ft 4in." Eight years ago, I used offensive language during a conversation. It was unacceptable for me to have used that offensive language; there is no excuse for it; and I apologize. (Statement to PEOPLE magazine, after WWE terminated their relationship, and removed Hogan from the WWE website.) [on Randy Savage's death] He had so much life in his eyes and in his spirit. I just pray that he's happy and in a better place and we miss him. Salary (4)	Hulk Hogan
In which town in California is Disneyland?	Hulk Hogan - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS Actor \| Producer \| Soundtrack One of the greatest, most popular, most hated and charismatic wrestlers of all time, Hulk Hogan is one of the men who helped parlay the circus-like world of professional wrestling from cult following into the forefront of American entertainment. What many people who know about Hogan don't know is he was in the "sport" for several years in virtual ... See full bio » Born:	i don't know
Which French Impressionist painter, famed in later life for his portraits of nudes, was born in Limoges in 1841, and died in Cagnes in the south of France in 1919?	Pierre-Auguste Renoir Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works \| The Art Story Web Services & Hosting by The Computer Studio \| Designed by DesArtLab Impressionism Impressionism A movement in painting that first surfaced in France in the 1860s, it sought new ways to describe effects of light and movement, often using rich colors. The Impressionists were drawn to modern life and often painted the city, but they also captured landscapes and scenes of middle-class leisure-taking in the suburbs. Claude Monet Claude Monet Claude Monet was a French artist who helped pioneer the painterly effects and emphasis on light, atmosphere, and plein air technique that became hallmarks of Impressionism. He is especially known for his series of haystacks and cathedrals at different times of day, and for his late Waterlilies. Fauvism Fauvism Fauvism was an early twentieth-century art movement founded by Henri Matisse and André Derain. Labeled as "wild beasts", Fauve artists favored vibrant colors and winding gestural strokes across the canvas. Cubism Cubism Cubism was developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque between 1907-1911, and it continued to be highly influential long after its decline. This classic phase has two stages: 'Analytic', in which forms seem to be 'analyzed' and fragmented; and 'Synthetic', in which pre-existing materials such as newspaper and wood veneer are collaged to the surface of the canvas. Raphael Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. He is celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. Peter Paul Rubens Peter Paul Rubens Peter Paul Rubens was a seventeenth-century Baroque artist who painted richly-toned allegories, history cycles, and religious scenes. His works are often populated by fleshy female nudes and figures in dramatic, twisting postures. Jean-Antoine Watteau Jean-Antoine Watteau Jean-Antoine Watteau was an eighteenth century French painter known for his light-hearted scenes of elegant upper-class life. Watteau's - fetes galantes - as his paintings were called, influenced many artists, leading them to re-explore color and movement. Eugène Delacroix Eugène Delacroix Eugène Delacroix was a mid-nineteenth-century French painter and pioneer of European Modernist painting. Known primarily as a Romantic, Delacroix's paintings were passionate in their depictions of love, war and human sensuality, earning the artist both praise and controversy in his time. His preoccupation with color-induced optical effects and use of expressive brushstrokes were crucial influences on Impressionism and Pointillism. Henri Matisse Henri Matisse Henri Matisse was a French painter and sculptor who helped forge modern art. From his early Fauvist works to his late cutouts, he emphasized expansive fields of color, the expressive potential of gesture, and the sensuality inherent in art-making. Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso Picasso dominated European painting in the first half of the last century, and remains perhaps the century's most important, prolifically inventive, and versatile artist. Alongside Georges Braque, he pioneered Cubism. He also made significant contributions to Surrealist painting and media such as collage, welded sculpture, and ceramics. Rococo Rococo Rococo was a far reaching artistic movement during eighteenth-century France, following the Baroque period, comprised of several mediums including architecture, painting, sculpture, music, interior design, landscape design, and theater. The era is mostly associated with ornate decoration inspired by florid designs and other natural forms. Among the movement's most celebrated artists include the painters Antoine Watteau and Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Jean-Honore Fragonard Jean-Honore Fragonard Jean-Honore Fragonard was an eighteenth century French painter whose works epitomized the Rococo style of art. His paintings were pretty, but infamous for their undercurrent of eroticism. Francois Boucher Francois Boucher Francois Boucher was a French Rococo painter, and one of the most popular artists of the eighteenth century. He painted idyllic tableaus of classical mythology, pastoral landscapes, and genre scenes. Boucher was a favorite of Louis XV's mistress, Madame de Pompadour, for whom he did several portraits. Romanticism Romanticism Romanticism was a nineteenth-century movement that celebrated the powers of emotion and intuition over rational analysis or classical ideals. Romantic artists emphasized awe, beauty, and the sublime in their works, which frequently charted the darker or chaotic sides of human life. Classicism Classicism Classicism refers to the traditions, canons and aesthetics of ancient Greece and Rome. In the arts, it is used to describe work created during the historic Classical era. It generally evokes the adherence to ideals rather than personal expression. Alfred Sisley Alfred Sisley Alfred Sisley was an English Impressionist landscape painter who spent much of his life working in France. As an enthusiast of plein air painting, Sisley was among the group of artists that included Monet, Renoir and Pissarro who dedicated themselves to capturing the transient effects of sunlight. He was a true Impressionist and committed landscape painter who never deviated from this style or subject into figurative work like many of his contemporaries. Jean Frédéric Bazille Jean Frédéric Bazille Jean Frédéric Bazille was an Impressionist landscape painter. Coming from a wealthy background, he helped his fellow artists, including Monet, Sisley and Manet with money and materials. His career and life were cut short, dying in battle during the Franco-Prussian War at just 29 years old. Realism Realism Realism is an approach to art that stresses the naturalistic representation of things, the look of objects and figures in ordinary life. It emerged as a distinct movement in the mid-nineteenth century, in opposition to the idealistic, sometimes mythical subjects that were then popular, but it can be traced back to sixteenth-century Dutch art and forward into twentieth-century styles such as Social Realism. Gustave Courbet Gustave Courbet Gustave Courbet was a French painter and chief figure in the Realist movement of the mid-nineteenth century. His paintings often contained an emotional bleakness, and were praised for their precision and use of light. Along with Delacroix, Courbet was a key influence on the Impressionists. Camille Pissarro Camille Pissarro Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painter. Known as the "Father of Impressionism," he used his own painterly style to depict urban daily life, landscapes, and rural scenes. Francisco Goya Francisco Goya Francisco Goya was an eighteenth-century Spanish painter, and is considered by many to be "the father of modern painting." Informed by the Baroque style and the Classicists, Goya's art bridged the gap between Realism and Romanticism, but also contained provocative elements such as nudes, war, and allegories of death. He is considered a major influence on the works of Manet and Picasso. Edgar Degas Edgar Degas Edgar Degas was a French Impressionist painter, printmaker and sculptor with an extraordinarily long career from the mid-nineteenth century until after WWI. As one of the original group of Impressionists, although he preferred to be called a Realist, he traveled widely and employed the use of photography in his creative process. He is most renowned for his painting and drawings of ballet dancers in rehearsal and performances in the theatre. Georges Braque Georges Braque Georges Braque was a modern French painter who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed analytic Cubism and Cubist collage in the early twentieth century. Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne was an influential French Post-Impressionist painter whose depictions of the natural world, based on internal geometric planes, paved the way for Cubism and later modern art movements. Pierre Bonnard Pierre Bonnard The French artist Pierre Bonnard, although dismissed as old-fashioned by some of the avant-garde in his lifetime, was esteemed by contemporary colorists like Matisse. A member of the Nabis group in his youth, his innovative paintings play with light, decorative surfaces, and Impressionist techniques. Maurice Denis Maurice Denis Maurice Denis was a French painter and writer, recognized as an important member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. A pioneering theorist who insisted on the flatness of the picture plane, Denis created brightly colored Post-Impressionist works that profoundly influenced the next generation of modern artists. Renaissance Renaissance In the Renaissance, artists rediscovered techniques like rational space, three-point perspective, and plastic forms. Paintings frequently emphasized the human figure, allegory, classical mythology, and Christian themes. Mary Cassatt Mary Cassatt Mary Cassatt was an American painter and printmaker active in France in the late nineteenth century. She was closely associated with Impressionism, and her signature subjects were intimate, domestic scenes of women, mothers, and children. Victor Chocquet Victor Chocquet Victor Chocquet was a French art collector and patron in the late nineteenth century. After visiting a show of Impressionist paintings in 1875, Chocquet commissioned paintings by Renoir and Cézanne, among others, and in the process became very wealthy through his large collections of Impressionist works. Gustave Caillebotte Gustave Caillebotte Gustave Caillebotte was a nineteenth-century French painter and one of the lesser-known Impressionist artists, though his style resembled Realism more than the former. Caillebotte was also an early practitioner of photography as an art form, a prominent art patron, and an outspoken supporter of other Impressionists like Pissarro, Monet, and Renoir. His vast wealth also allowed Caillebotte to fund several exhibitions of Impressionist art, and to convince the Louvre to acquire Manet's famed Olympia. Paul Durand-Ruel Paul Durand-Ruel Paul Durand-Ruel was a French art dealer who became the first champion of the Impressionists. His gallery in Bond St showed Monet, Renoir and others to the art world of London, and then further afield in the United States. He was known to support his artists through solo exhibitions and stipends. Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism refers to a number of styles that emerged in reaction to Impressionism in the 1880s. The movement encompassed Symbolism and Neo-Impressionism before ceding to Fauvism around 1905. Its artists turned away from effects of light and atmosphere to explore new avenues such as color theory and personal feeling, often using colors and forms in intense and expressive ways.	Pierre-Auguste Renoir
In which BBC crime series did the characters 'Ray Carling', 'Chris Skelton' and 'Alex Drake' appear?	1000+ ideas about Renoir on Pinterest \| Pierre Auguste Renoir, Vincent van Gogh and Monet Umbrellas - Pierre-Auguste Renoir. This has long been a favourite of mine. There's such warmth in it despite the coolness of the blues. See more	i don't know
Which film star and director called one of his children Satchell?	Spike Lee - Biography - IMDb Spike Lee Biography Showing all 85 items Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (1) \| Trade Mark (9) \| Trivia (43) \| Personal Quotes (27) \| Salary (1) Overview (3) 5' 5" (1.65 m) Mini Bio (1) Spike Lee was born Shelton Jackson Lee on March 20, 1957, in Atlanta, Georgia. At a very young age, he moved from pre-civil rights Georgia, to Brooklyn, New York. Lee came from artistic, education-grounded background; his father was a jazz musician, and his mother, a schoolteacher. He attended school in Morehouse College in Atlanta and developed his film making skills at Clark Atlanta University. After graduating from Morehouse, Lee attended the Tisch School of Arts graduate film program. He made a controversial short, The Answer (1980), a reworking of D.W. Griffith 's The Birth of a Nation (1915), a ten-minute film. Lee went on to produce a 45-minute film Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads (1983) which won a student Academy Award. In 1986, Spike Lee made the film, She's Gotta Have It (1986), a comedy about sexual relationships. The movie was made for $175,000, and earned $7 million at the box office, which launched his career and allowed him to found his own production company, 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks. His next movie was School Daze (1988), which was set at a historically black school, focused mostly on the conflict between the school and the Fraternities, of which he was a strong critic, portraying them as materialistic, irresponsible, and uncaring. With his School Daze (1988) profits, Lee went on to make his landmark film, Do the Right Thing (1989), a movie based specifically his own neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. The movie portrayed the racial tensions that emerge in the Bed-Stuy neighborhood on one very hot day. The movie garnered Oscar nominations for Best Original Screenplay, for Danny Aiello for supporting actor, and sparked a debate on racial relations. Lee went on to produce and direct the jazz biopic Mo' Better Blues (1990), the first of many Spike Lee films to feature Denzel Washington , including the biography of Malcolm X (1992), in which Washington portrayed the civil rights leader. The movie was a success, and garnered an Oscar nomination for Washington. The pair would work together again on He Got Game (1998), an excursion into the collegiate world showing the darker side of college athletic recruiting, as well as the 2006 film Inside Man (2006). Spike Lee's role as a documentarian has expanded over the years, highlighted by his participation in Lumière and Company (1995), the Oscar-nominated 4 Little Girls (1997), to his Peabody Award-winning biographical adaptation of Black Panther leader in A Huey P. Newton Story (2001), through his 2005 Emmy Award-winning examination of post-Katrina New Orleans in When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (2006) and its follow-up five years later If God Is Willing and da Creek Don't Rise (2010). Through his production company 40 Acres and A Mule Filmworks, Lee continues to create and direct both independent films and projects for major studios, as well as working on story development, creating an internship program for aspiring filmmakers, releasing music, and community outreach and support. He is married to Tonya Lewis Lee , and they have two sons, Satchel and Jackson. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Scott [email protected] Spouse (1) ( 2 October 1993 - present) (2 children) Trade Mark (9) His films frequently involve African Americans and African-American themes Films called "A Spike Lee Joint" Frequently has characters directly address the camera. Frequently places actors on dollies to achieve a gliding or rotating effect against the background of the shot. His films often have the phrase "Wake Up!" as in an urging to the awakening of maturity and social conscience. Baseball: Every one of his narrative feature films makes reference to baseball teams and players. Frequently uses a technique he calls the "double dolly." This is where the camera and the subject are placed on a dolly and pushed through the scene. This makes the subject look like they are floating or gliding. Trivia (43) Big New York Knicks fan: Has courtside seats for all games. Partially responsible for the "off colored" baseball caps, as he started wearing a red Yankees cap during the 1996 World Series. His production company is 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks. Friend of Soledad O'Brien . After the Columbine high school shootings Spike said that National Rifle Association president Charlton Heston should be shot. Heston replied that if Spike wanted to take a shot at him he should go ahead and try it. Lee later apologized for the comments. Serves as a master teacher of film at the Tisch School of the Arts and Harvard University. Graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 1982. Graduated from Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia in 1979. Children, with Tonya Lewis Lee , Satchel (b. 1994) and Jackson (b. 1997). His grandmother, Zimmie Shelton , an alumna of Spelman College (class of 1929), sent him to Morehouse College, the historically black all-male institution affiliated with the all-female Spelman College. His grandmother, Zimmie Shelton , helped fund his first full-length feature film, She's Gotta Have It (1986). He has never learned how to drive an automobile. He and producer/director Monty Ross are frequent collaborators and were classmates and graduates of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Between the making of his award-winning student short, Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads (1983), and his debut feature, She's Gotta Have It (1986), Lee attempted to make a featured called "Messenger". Over $100,000 was raised, but the film never materialized. The name of his production company, "40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks", came from an unfulfilled promise that many politicians made to freed slaves after the Civil War. Was a Visiting Lecturer in Afro-American Studies and Visual and Environmental Studies at Harvard University in the early 1990s. Was featured in numerous Nike campaigns in the early '90s Is now (2002) the Artistic Director of the graduate division of the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. The position gives Lee an advisory position, allowing him to teach and advise third year students, as well as aid with industry networking. Vied for the director's seat on Ali (2001). Says that he knew he wouldn't get the job after speaking to the movie's star, Will Smith (one of the many financiers on Lee's Get on the Bus (1996)), who wanted Lee to make a film with "a broader appeal". Has been trying for more than ten years to direct his dream project: a film about the life and times of Jackie Robinson . Says that he personally promised to Robinson's widow, Rachel Isum, to make the film. Another as-of-yet (2003) project he has often spoke of but has yet to do is a film on the boxing match between Joe Louis and Max Schmeling . Was voted the 48th Greatest Director of all time by Entertainment Weekly. Often casts real-life family members in his films. In Do the Right Thing (1989) , for example, he cast Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee (real-life husband and wife), himself and Joie Lee (real-life siblings), and Danny Aiello and Rick Aiello (real-life father and son). Other films he does this in include School Daze (1988), Mo' Better Blues (1990), Jungle Fever (1991) and Malcolm X (1992). Grandson of Zimmie Shelton , who helped finance his featurette, Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads (1983). She received a producing credit on the film, which went on to win a Merit Award at the Student Academy Awards. Is a fan of Michael Moore 's films. Bowling for Columbine (2002) was his favorite film of 2002. Is a huge Arsenal fan and personal friend of team captain Thierry Henry . Is often known to wear Arsenal jerseys while on set. When Norman Jewison was originally hired to direct Malcolm X (1992), Lee met with him and convinced him he needed to "sit this one out". Feeling that only a black director was qualified and would bring the necessary perspective, Lee then stepped in as director with Jewison's blessing. One of his classmate at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts was director Ang Lee . The Taiwan-born Lee worked on the crew of Spike's thesis film, Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads (1983). Made the introduction of the song "The Church" on De La Soul 's album "The Grind Date". The Lees bought their 9,800-sq.-ft. Italian palazzo-style home from Jasper Johns in 1998; it was originally built for a Vanderbilt. Member of the jury at the Venice Film Festival in 2004. Is a big fan of musicals from Hollywood's Golden Age. His favorite movie is The Deer Hunter (1978). It is the movie that inspired him to be a director. Has directed 2 actors to Oscar-nominated performances: Danny Aiello (Best Supporting Actor, Do the Right Thing (1989)), and Denzel Washington (Best Actor, Malcolm X (1992)). Mentioned in the song "Light My Candle" from Jonathan Larson's musical Rent. He was also considered to direct the movie version of Rent before Chris Colubus was chosen. He's good friends with Martin Scorsese . Preparing to make a follow-up film to "When the Levees Broke" [January 2010] Endorsed Bernie Sanders in the 2016 presidential election of the United States. Attended John Dewey High School in Brooklyn, New York. Director Larry Charles also went to Dewey, but graduated one year later. He is left-handed. Friends with Bill Nunn . Personal Quotes (27) I've been blessed with the opportunity to express the views of black people who otherwise don't have access to power and the media. I have to take advantage of that while I'm still bankable. What's the difference between Hollywood characters and my characters? Mine are real. Making films has got to be one of the hardest endeavors known to humankind. Straight up and down, film work is hard shit. Wim Wenders had better watch out 'cause I'm waiting for his ass. Somewhere deep in my closet I have a Louisville Slugger bat with Wenders' name on it. "I respect the audience's intelligence a lot, and that's why I don't try to go for the lowest common denominator." -- at the New York premiere of his media satire "Bamboozled". Agents aren't going to get you anywhere if you aren't established. You just have to be on good terms with the actors and talk stuff out beforehand. A perfect example is She Hate Me - I had many different discussions with many different women, and also with [the actor] Anthony Mackie, so they knew. And this was before they even agreed to do the film. But actors want to know - 'Here, it says they make love. What type of acts are we talking about? What's going to be seen?' I have no problem with that. At the same time, I still want to allow myself some flexibility. But shooting a sex scene is very mechanical - 'Will you move this way? That way? Raise your leg?' And for the most part the crew isn't allowed to be there - I close the set, make it as comfortable as possible. For me, a large part of Jungle Fever (1991) is about sexual mythology: the mythology of a white woman being on a pedestal, the universal standard of beauty, and the mythology about the black man as sexual stud with a ten-foot dick. Buying into the mythology is not a strong foundation for a relationship. But actresses are asked to compromise themselves, not just from the director but the producer too - 'Are you going to show your tits or your ass?' They say that shit all the time. It is men making decisions. And of course they would rather have heads explode on screen than show a penis. Amongst black people, you have always heard it said that once a black man reaches a certain level, especially if you are an entertainer, you get a white trophy woman. I didn't make that up. You have to do the research. If you don't know about something, then you ask the right people who do. With She's Gotta Have It (1986), I don't think I got any revelation; it was just good to hear the women whom I interviewed confirm what I thought already. [Speaking out after the death of comedian Richard Pryor ]: "He was an innovator and a trailblazer. It's a great loss". "Before, I used to think that everything was based on race. Now class matters just as much. If you are a poor person: black, white, Latino, whatever, the Bush Administration does not have your best interests at heart. If the Government thought poor people mattered, the response [to Katrina's disaster] would have been much quicker." (March 2006) It has been my observation that parents kill more dreams than anybody. Racism is when you have laws set up, systematically put in the way to keep people from advancing, to stop the advancement of a people. Black people have never had the power to enforce racism, and so this is something that white America is going to have to work out themselves. If they decide they want to stop it, curtail it, or to do the right thing then it will be done, but not until then. [on the Academy Awards] What film won Best Picture in 1989? Driving Miss motherfucking Daisy! That's why [Oscars] don't matter. Because, 20 years later, who's watching Driving Miss Daisy (1989). You gotta make your own way. You gotta find a way. You gotta get it done. It's hard. It's tough. That's what I tell my students every day in class. I've been very fortunate. Some people might call me a hardhead, but I'm not going to let other people dictate to me who I should be or the stories I should tell. That doesn't register with me. Each artist should be allowed to pursue their artistic endeavors, but I still think there is a lot of stuff out today that is coonery and buffoonery. I know it's making a lot of money and breaking records, but we can do better. ... I am a huge basketball fan, and when I watch the games on TNT, I see these two ads for these two shows ( Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns (2009) and House of Payne (2006)), and I am scratching my head. We got a black president, and we going back to Mantan Moreland and Sleep 'n' Eat?". [on why he became a filmmaker] I had just finished my sophomore year, so I came back to New York trying to find a summer job. Couldn't find one, so with a super-8 camera that I had gotten, I just spent the whole summer shooting stuff around New York City. That summer happened to the summer of 'the blackout' and that summer was also the first summer of disco, and there were always block-parties around everywhere, and people would just plug up their tables to the streetlights. That was the first summer that 'the hustle' came out, so I made a film called 'Last Hustle Brooklyn', which I inter-cut with the looting from the blackout and the block-party stuff. That's when I really decided I wanted to become a filmmaker. [re Oldboy (2013)] Rage doesn't have to fester for years, but revenge? That stuff takes time. It's the oldest staple of films, in stories. It goes back to the Bible. Black people can't be racist. Racism is an institution. [on how independent filmmaking changed since he started] That might as well have been a million years ago. Filmmakers like Jim [ Jim Jarmusch ] and I, the only reason we went to film school was because of the equipment. We didn't care about the MFA. You went to film school to get the equipment. Now students look at the cost of going to schools and say, "I could use that money to buy my own camera and lighting kit." It's a new world. [2015] [on why other companies passed on Chi-Raq (2015) before Amazon Studios] They never give you a reason; they just say, "It's not for us." My co-writer Kevin Willmott and I wrote the script and went to Sundance and everybody was saying no, no, no, no, no. Amazon said yes. I tell my students, "All it takes is one yes. You get a bunch of motherf-ing nos, but all it takes is one yes." [2015] [his advice for aspiring filmmakers] I hope they're doing it because they love it, not because they want to be rich or famous. Not that those things can't happen, but the main reason, the focus is, "This is what I want to do for the rest of my life and I love it." Not to say that you don't want to make money, but the passion should be driven by your love for that particular thing that you're doing. {2015] [advice to young people considering a show-business career] You've got to have heart and you've got to have drive. And when you get knocked down you've got to pick yourself up - put your hands up on the ropes and pull yourself to your feet. Because, if you can't take a hit, you're not going to last long, that's for sure. I had a great education. From kindergarten to John Dewey High School in Coney Island, I am public-school educated. One thing I hope "School Daze" does is knock all this goddam "Black Woody Allan" shit put the window. Peop;r say I should take it as a , compliment. F__k dat. So often black artists are compared to whiter artists, To me it's saying that I've patterned myself after Woody, that my work is not original. Salary (1)	Woody Allen
What was the name of the daily train service that ran between London and Paris until 1972?	Mia's Story \| Vanity Fair Vanity Fair Family Affairs Mia’s Story Whatever you already know about this tangled and painful situation, you’ve only heard half: the case against Mia Farrow. This is the other half and it isn’t any prettier. It concerns Woody Allen’s behavior and what it has done to Mia Farrow and the 11 children involved. The author breaks new ground on one of the year’s most shocking stories. by Twitter There was an unwritten rule in Mia Farrow’s house that Woody Allen was never supposed to be left alone with their seven-year-old adopted daughter, Dylan. Over the last two years, sources close to Farrow say, he has been discussing alleged “inappropriate” fatherly behavior toward Dylan in sessions with Dr. Susan Coates, [#image: /photos/54cbfb092cba652122d90699]a child psychologist. In more than two dozen interviews conducted for this article, most of them with individuals who are on intimate terms with the Mia Farrow household, Allen was described over and over as being completely obsessed with the bright little blonde girl. He could not seem to keep his hands off her. He would monopolize her totally, to the exclusion of her brothers and sisters, and spend hours whispering to her. She was fond of her daddy, but if she tried to go off and play, he would follow her from room to room, or he would sit and stare at her. During the school year, Allen would arrive early at Mia Farrow’s West Side Manhattan apartment, sit on Dylan’s bed and watch her wake up, and take her to school. At her birthday party last July, at Farrow’s country house in Bridgewater, Connecticut, he promised that he would keep away from the children’s table so that Dylan could enjoy her birthday party with her friends, but he seemed unable to do that. Allen, who was a fearful figure to many in the household, was so needy where Dylan was concerned that he hovered over her through the whole party, and when the cake arrived, he was right behind her, helping to blow out the candles. Calling attention to someone’s birthday-party behavior may seem trivial at best. However, Dr. Coates, who just happened to be in Mia’s apartment to work with one of her other children, had only to witness a brief greeting between Woody and Dylan before she began a discussion with Mia that resulted in Woody’s agreeing to address the issue through counseling. At that point Coates didn’t know that, according to several sources, Woody, wearing just underwear, would take Dylan to bed with him and entwine his body around hers; or that he would have her suck his thumb; or that often when Dylan went over to his apartment he would head straight for the bedroom with her so that they could get into bed and play. He called Mia a “spoilsport” when she objected to what she referred to as “wooing.” Mia has told people that he said that her concerns were her own sickness, and that he was just being warm. For a long time, Mia backed down. Her love for Woody had always been mixed with fear. He could reduce her to a pulp when he gave vent to his temper, but she was also in awe of him, because he always presented himself as “a morally superior person.” One summer day in Connecticut, when Dylan was four and Woody was applying suntan lotion to her nude body, he alarmed Mia’s mother, actress Maureen O’Sullivan, and sister Tisa Farrow when he began rubbing his finger in the crack between her buttocks. Mia grabbed the lotion out of his hand, and O’Sullivan asked, “How do you want to be remembered by your children?” “As a good father,” Woody answered. “Well, that’s interesting,” O’Sullivan replied. “It only lasted a few seconds, but it was definitely weird,” says Tisa Farrow. Woody’s own mother was heard to remark on his fawning behavior with Dylan when Woody and Mia would take the children over for visits. “She’s the Wicked Witch of the West, Dylan,” Woody, who seemed to have intense negative feelings for his mother, once said to the little girl. “Twist her nose off.” No such favoritism was shown toward four-and-a-half-year-old Satchel, Woody’s own son by Mia. Father and son seemed to have been allergic to each other from the start. Mia told friends that Woody appeared to be disturbed by her cesarean, from which she took a long time to recover; he was aghast at her nursing, particularly at a tube device that carried milk from a bottle down next to her nipple during the first week to give the baby formula when her own milk didn’t come in immediately, as well as at the fact that Satchel wasn’t fully weaned until he was two and a half. She said that Woody referred to the baby, who cried a lot, as “the little bastard,” and that once, when Satchel kicked Woody, Woody twisted Satchel’s leg until he screamed, and said, “Do that again and I’ll break your legs.” On another occasion, Satchel poked Dylan in the eye in Woody’s presence. Woody scooped up the little girl, cradled her in his arms, and railed obscenely at Satchel. “I just don’t buy it when a parent becomes so constantly angry at such a little boy,” says Casey Pascal, who witnessed the scene. Pascal, Mia’s friend since boarding-school days in England, also has a seven-year-old, plus twins Satchel’s age, and often visits Mia both in the country and in the city. “Woody clearly said he wanted a girl. Satchel was wrong from the beginning for him.” Dylan, who has just begun second grade, tests in the upper-90th percentile. Contrary to recent reports in the press, she has, according to family members, never been in therapy for an inability to distinguish fantasy from reality. She has been in therapy for separation anxiety (she didn’t want to be left by her parents at nursery school) and for her shyness. Indeed, people wondered how she could cope with so much doting attention from her father—behavior that many people frankly didn’t know what to make of. “When she just wanted to giggle and run away and play, he’d be right behind her. And I just looked at it, and I’d shake my head and think, I hope this is a great thing,” says Pascal. “It was to the point that when we would go over there I wouldn’t run over and talk to her or anything. I’d talk to Satchel, but it’s like you don’t even dare talk to Dylan when he’s around.” And was Pascal aware of the rule that Woody was never to be left alone with Dylan? “It was a really good rule,” she says. “There was no other way she could get away and get out.” Several times last summer, while Woody was visiting in Connecticut, Dylan locked herself in the bathroom, refusing to come out for hours. Once, one of the baby-sitters had to use a coat hanger to pick the lock. Dylan often complained of stomachaches and headaches when Woody visited: she would have to lie down. When he left, the symptoms would disappear. At times Dylan became so withdrawn when her father was around that she would not speak normally, but would pretend to be an animal. On August 4, Woody was in Connecticut to visit the children, and Mia and Casey went shopping, taking along Mia’s two most recently adopted children—a blind Vietnamese girl named Tam, 11, and Isaiah, a seven-month-old black baby born to a crack-addicted mother. While they were gone, there was a brief period, perhaps 15 minutes, when Woody and Dylan vanished from sight. The baby-sitter who was inside searched high and low for them through the cluttered old farmhouse, but she couldn’t find them. The outside baby-sitter, after a look at the grounds around the house, concluded the two must be inside somewhere. When Mia got home a short time later, Dylan and Woody were outside, and Dylan didn’t have any underpants on. (Allen later said that he had not been alone with Dylan. He refused to submit hair and fingerprint samples to the Connecticut state police or to cooperate unless he was assured that nothing he said would be used against him.) Woody, who hated the country and reportedly brought his own bath mat to avoid germs, spent the night in a guest room off the laundry next to the garage and left the next morning. That day, August 5, Casey called Mia to report something the baby-sitter had told her. The day before, Casey’s baby-sitter had been in the house looking for one of the three Pascal children and had been startled when she walked into the TV room. Dylan was on the sofa, wearing a dress, and Woody was kneeling on the floor holding her, with his face in her lap. The baby-sitter did not consider it “a fatherly pose,” but more like something you’d say “Oops, excuse me” to if both had been adults. She told police later that she was shocked. “It just seemed very intimate. He seemed very comfortable.” As soon as Mia asked Dylan about it, Dylan began to tell a harrowing story, in dribs and drabs but in excruciating detail. According to her account, she and Daddy went to the attic (not really an attic, just a small crawl space off the closet of Mia’s bedroom where the children play), and Daddy told her that if she stayed very still he would put her in his movie and take her to Paris. He touched her “private part.” Dylan said she told him, “It hurts. I’m just a little kid.” The she told Mia, “Kids have to do what grown-ups say.” Mia, who has a small Beta video camera and frequently records her large brood, made a tape of Dylan for Dylan’s psychologist, who was in France at the time. “I don’t want to be in a movie with my daddy,” Dylan said, and asked, “Did your daddy ever do that to you?” According to people close to the situation, Mia called her lawyer, who told her to take Dylan to her pediatrician in New Milford. When the doctor asked where her private part was, Dylan pointed to her shoulder. A few minutes later, over ice cream, she told Mia that she had been embarrassed to have to say anything about this to the doctor. Mia asked which story was true, because it was important that they know. They went back to the doctor the next day, and Dylan repeated her original story—one that has stayed consistent through many tellings to the authorities, who are in possession of the tape Mia made. The doctor examined Dylan and found that she was intact. He called his lawyer and then told Mia he was bound by law to report Dylan’s story to the police. Mia, who never sought to make the allegations public, also told Dr. Coates, who is one of three therapists Woody Allen has seen on a regular basis. Coates too told Mia that she would have to report Dylan’s account to the New York authorities, but that she would also tell Woody. Mia burst out crying, she was so afraid. Ironically, the next day, August 6, Woody and Mia were supposed to sign an elaborate child-support-and-custody agreement, months in the negotiating, giving Mia $6,000 a month for the support of Satchel and Dylan and 15-year-old Moses, the other child of Mia’s whom Woody had adopted on December 17, 1991. Mia believed Woody’s sessions with Dr. Coates had definitely improved his demeanor with Dylan, but because of her concern about Woody’s past history, she had insisted that he not have unsupervised visitation until Dylan and Satchel were through the sixth grade, and that he no longer be able to sleep over at her country house, as he had so far insisted on doing, but stay in a guest cottage across the pond. One of Mia’s lawyers, Paul Martin Weltz, notified Woody’s lawyer J. Martin Obten of an incident by hand-delivered letter. On August 13, Allen’s lawyers responded with a jolting pre-emptive strike. They filed a custody suit against Mia Farrow, charging that she was an unfit mother. They have also denied any suggestion of child abuse or therapy for it. In Houston the week Mia and Woody’s problems surfaced publicly, the Republicans at their national convention were unsheathing rhetorical swords to do battle over family values. But the war over the meaning and value of family between Mia Farrow and Woody Allen knocked George Bush and Dan Quayle off the covers of both Time and Newsweek. Woody told Time, “Suddenly I got a memo from her lawyers saying no more visits at all. Something had taken place. When I called Mia, she just slammed the phone. And then I was told by my lawyers she was accusing me of child molestation. I thought this was so crazy and so sick that I cannot in all conscience leave those kids in that atmosphere. So I said, I realize this is going to be rough, but I’m going to sue for custody of the children.” The stage was set for a gripping morality play starring two people so famous that they are routinely referred to by their first names the world over. Their reputations and careers were suddenly at stake, and the lives of innocent children and a young college student were caught in the cross fire. Woody Allen maintained he had done nothing wrong, but suddenly he was under criminal investigation because of statements Dylan had made. Things had begun to unravel seven months earlier, when Farrow discovered that Allen was having an affair with her 19- or 21-year-old adopted Korean daughter, Soon-Yi. Was it incest? Mia Farrow believed Allen to be a father figure to 9 of her 11 children, not just to Satchel and the 2 he had adopted, and felt that his behavior could not be excused or rationalized. Farrow—who, contrary to Allen’s subsequent assertions that their relationship was nearly over by January, still thought they would be spending the rest of their lives together—made the discovery of Allen’s affair with Soon-Yi when she found a stack of Polaroids taken by him of her daughter, her legs spread in full frontal nudity. Woody would later say publicly that the pictures had been taken because Soon-Yi was interested in modeling. Mia found the pictures while she was in Woody’s apartment waiting for one of the children to complete a play-therapy session with a psychologist. (Until recently, Allen paid for all these shrinks; therapy was considered “a family tradition.”) The pictures were under a box of tissues on Allen’s mantle. Each managed to contain both her daughter’s face and vagina, and when Mia saw them, she later told others, “I felt I was looking straight into the face of pure evil.” ‘The charges will never go forward. Woody will be cleared of all that, he’ll see his kids, they’ll come to some settlement,” says Letty Aronson, Woody Allen’s sister, who categorically denies that Woody was ever in therapy for inappropriate behavior toward Dylan, or that he ever favored Dylan over Satchel. “He’ll be the giant in the industry he is,” she continues, “and she’ll be exactly what she is—in my opinion, Woody notwithstanding—a second-rate actress, a bad mother, a completely dishonest person, and someone who is operating completely out of vindictiveness.” Those close to Allen have insisted that the alleged incident with Dylan described above never occurred, and that the longest period of time unaccounted for on the afternoon of August 4 was less than five minutes, although a principal involved has given an affidavit to Connecticut police stating clearly that the time was at least twice that long. Woody’s lawyers say that he has passed a lie-detector test, and Woody’s side charges that the videotape is suspect because it was made in a series of stops and starts. They also maintain that Dylan’s story is either a fabrication of Dylan’s or a fabrication of Mia’s that she talked the little girl into telling. They say that Mia favors her own biological children, and that once Woody’s son, Satchel, was born, Mia lost interest in Dylan, and Woody took up the slack of parenting. They point out that Mia wrote a glowing letter to the judge in favor of Woody’s adopting Dylan and Moses only a short time before she discovered that he was “taking Soon-Yi out.” (According to Paul Weltz, who handled the adoptions, “There was no glowing letter. It was an affirmative affidavit consenting to the adoption, but at all times reserving her rights as a custodial parent.”) “I didn’t find any moral dilemmas whatsoever,” Woody told Time about his relationship with Soon-Yi. “I didn’t feel that just because she was Mia’s daughter, there was any great moral dilemma. It was a fact, but not one with any great import. It wasn’t like she was my daughter.” Nothing could have hurt Mia Farrow more. Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood, she was carrying on a family tradition by acting, but she had also grown up one of seven children in a very Catholic and peripatetic household. The ideal of family, in theory at least, was sacred, but she and her siblings were often left with nannies, and the family later had problems with alcohol and drugs. Mia Farrow’s mother, Maureen O’Sullivan, was a beautiful movie star, most famous for playing Jane to Johnny Weissmuller’s Tarzan, and her late father, John Farrow, whom Mia adored, was a screenwriter and director, who had his greatest success as the author of the best-selling inspirational book Damien the Leper, which went through 33 printings. Along with being celebrated for having a roving eye, he was knighted by the pope for his erudite history of the papacy, Pageant of the Popes. The family lived on an enormous lot in an exclusive Beverly Hills neighborhood, and they had a beach house in Malibu and later an apartment in Manhattan. The children also resided with their parents on location in Spain and England, and Mia was educated in a convent boarding school in London. Her brother John recalls that as a child Mia identified with Wendy in Peter Pan, who mothers a gang of lost boys. “We lived in a tall row house in London, which made it seem very real.” At nine, Mia was stricken with polio; her toys had to be burned, and the little girl in the iron lung next to hers in the hospital died. Every Christmas after she recovered, she put on a play starring her brothers and sisters and the neighborhood children—the sons and daughters of producer Hal Roach and actor MacDonald Carey—and charged one-dollar admission. The money was donated to a polio fund. “Mia was a mother figure in the family. She tended to be in charge,” says Mia’s oldest friend, Maria Roach. “With her family she’s tried to achieve more of a Norman Rockwell experience, with her kids around her all the time. Deep down, we all just wanted to be more normal.” “There was nothing fragile about Mia,” her mother says. And nothing remotely conventional. By the time she was 18 she was a porcelain beauty eating butterflies at the St. Regis hotel with her dear friend Salvador Dalí. At 19, as a budding flower child and ingénue star on the most popular prime-time soap of the mid-60s, Peyton Place, she made sure she caught the eye of 49-year-old Frank Sinatra on the Fox set one day and promptly flew on his jet to Palm Springs for the weekend. About a year later, her mother got a frantic phone call from one of her neighbors in New York: “Mrs. Basil Rathbone. She said, ‘Something terrible has happened to Mia.’ I said, ‘Tell me what. Is she dead?’ ‘No, she’s married to Frank Sinatra.’ ‘Oh,’ I said, ‘is that all.’ ” The marriage started falling apart when Mia landed the starring role in Rosemary’s Baby, made by the hot new director Roman Polanski. When they divorced in 1968, Mia astounded Sinatra by not asking for a penny of alimony. (After hearing of her recent troubles, the crooner, who still has a soft spot for Mia, called her up and offered her help and money.) In 1969, Mia herself was the younger woman who broke up a marriage; she became pregnant with twins by André Previn when he was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. With their marriage and the arrival of the twins, Mia found what gave her the greatest joy in life: mothering. The marriage lasted 10 years, during which the couple produced another biological child and adopted three others. Previn pays child support and half the tuition for their children. Previn has also been supportive of Mia, and has told friends, “If Mia is not a good mother, then Jascha Heifetz didn’t know how to play the violin.” Ironically, Woody Allen in the recent past praised Mia specifically as a mother. He told Eric Lax, the author of his 1991 biography, “She has raised nine children now with no trauma, and has never owned a thermometer. I take my temperature every two hours in the course of the day.” Little Allen Konigsberg (Woody’s real name) didn’t grow up surrounded by stars the way Maria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow did. But for 12 years they shared a life—she starred in 13 of his films—and he credited their time together with opening him up to understanding fatherly love. “Mia’s been a completely different kind of experience for me, because the predominant thing has been family,” Woody told Lax. “She’s introduced me to a whole other world. I’ve had a child with her, and we’ve adopted one. She’s brought a completely different, meaningful dimension to my life.” Two years later, Woody Allen and Mia Farrow are locked in ugly and hurtful conflict. Eric Lax now says, “I find it baffling. Up to the time I finished the book the relations between them seemed very solid, and the relations with the children seemed perfectly normal. I’m crushed for all of them.” The crisis was shattering for Mia, who would rant on the phone at all hours to Woody, who, her friends insist, kept begging her to take him back. Finally, the endless back-and-forth ambivalence and denial that had gone into attempts at reconciliation came to an end in August. Allen and his friends not only mounted an aggressive campaign of damage control but sought to defend him by painting Farrow, whom he had never moved in with, as filled with rage and out for revenge, hysterical, a compulsive adopter of damaged children who were living out their days in a latter-day version of Miss Hannigan’s orphanage. Chaos reigned at Mia’s house, according to Woody’s side; several teenage children were hinted to be seriously out of control. Woody’s supporters, many of whom have depended upon him for their living, claimed that Mia had turned her older adopted Asian daughters into housemaids, favored her biological children, and beaten Soon-Yi, even breaking a chair on her. Particularly vicious were the tabloid Hamill brothers, Pete in the New York Post and Denis in the New York Daily News, whose brother Brian has worked for Woody as a still photographer on 17 movies. In a single column, Denis incorrectly charged that Mia “breast-fed Satchel until he was 3½ and even had a special harness constructed to do so over Woody’s objections.” He quoted Woody minions who said that Mia washed down tranquilizers and antidepressants with abundant red wine, and that in April, after quarrelling about his affair with Soon-Yi, she had staged a fake suicide attempt in Woody’s apartment. What had Woody done, was the leitmotif, to deserve all this? The publicly reclusive director called his first press conference in years at the Plaza hotel to deny the charges. He told the world of his love for Soon-Yi, a sophomore at Drew University in New Jersey, “who continues to turn around my life in a wonderfully positive way.” Revenge for his being attracted to the “lovely, intelligent, sensitive” Soon-Yi—to whom, he explained in subsequent interviews, he had hardly spoken since she was seven or eight, and to whom he had never been any sort of father figure (“She’s probably more mature than I am”)—was the reason, Allen implied, for Farrow’s having made such irrational and outlandish claims as that he had abused his beloved kids Dylan and Satchel. (If rumors existed about Satchel, he had never been publicly mentioned by the authorities or Farrow.) Less than a month before Mia discovered the photos, Woody had formally adopted Dylan and Moses, but he now spoke of their romantic relationship as if it had ended long ago—apparently news to Mia and friends who continued to see the couple. “I had dinner with them on October 28. Everything was just the same. Woody spent the whole night talking about the adoption—that he was willing to move hell and high water to get it through,” says playwright and lyricist Leonard Gershe, one of Mia’s closest friends and confidants. “Would you be so anxious to adopt a child with a woman you’re not going to see anymore? And would she have allowed it? Maybe it was over in his mind. It certainly wasn’t in hers,” Gershe adds. “But if it were over, then it makes his eagerness to adopt Dylan even more sinister.” Soon-Yi issued her own statement to Newsweek, asserting her independence, savaging Mia, and declaring, “I’m not a retarded little underage flower who was raped, molested and spoiled by some evil stepfather—not by a long shot. I’m a psychology major at college who fell for a man who happens to be the ex-boyfriend of Mia.” Soon-Yi declared in writing exactly what Woody had said, that Mia would have been just as upset if he had slept with “another actress or his secretary.” Mia’s family were astounded by the statement. “Soon-Yi doesn’t know half those words, what they mean,” one close to them said. Equally astonished was Audrey Seiger, who has a doctorate in learning and reading disabilities and had spent hundreds of hours tutoring Soon-Yi from the sixth grade all the way through high school. When Soon-Yi was in the third grade, her I.Q. tested as slightly below average. She went to Seiger with “very deprived early language development, which carried on throughout the years.” Seiger and Soon-Yi became close, and Soon-Yi worked very hard. “She’s a very typical L.D. kid, very socially inappropriate, very, very naïve,” says Seiger, who is deeply worried about Soon-Yi today. “She has trouble processing information, trouble understanding language on an inferential level. She’s very, very literal and flat in how she interprets what she sees and how she interprets things socially. She misinterprets situations.” Seiger doubts that Soon-Yi could have written the statement to the press. “The words were often exactly the same as Woody Allen’s, if you compare the two,” says Priscilla Gilman, daughter of Yale drama-school professor Richard Gilman and literary agent Lynn Nesbit and an honor student at Yale, who as the longtime girlfriend of Mia’s son Matthew Previn is regarded almost as a daughter in the family. After Woody Allen volunteered and gave “exclusive” interviews to both rival newsweeklies, People also produced a cover story and a follow-up the next week. “The media, to my mind, appear to be reporting Mia Farrow’s [responses] … and looking at them as if they are on par with Woody Allen’s having an affair with her daughter,” says Dr. Kathy Weingarten, a Boston family therapist who is writing a book on changes in modern motherhood. “[Her reactions] are looked at as if they are morally equivalent. I find that troubling.” Mia declined all offers of interviews giving her equal time, although she did speak briefly to Newsweek about her family. Diane Sawyer was willing to give her a whole show, Barbara Walters was ready to hop a plane back from Italy, Maury Povich even sent flowers to one of the baby-sitters. Several of Mia’s children, however, elected to give statements in support of her, which led to charges by Woody that she was “parading” her children to the press in an unseemly fashion. It didn’t help that Maria Roach read a letter from Mia—with Mia’s permission, she said—to an A.P. reporter in Los Angeles. In the letter, Mia confessed that she had come to a “genuine meltdown.” “Mia was sobbing when that letter was released,” says Priscilla Gilman. “I spoke to her, and she said, ‘I’m so humiliated, I can’t believe this—and she’s saying I authorized this.’ ” “I just read it to show she has all her faculties and that she had been dealt a terrible blow,” says Roach. “I read the letter thinking he would paraphrase it. In the end it was misquoted.” Most damning was the implied belief in Soon-Yi’s statement to Newsweek that it was Mia or someone close to her who had got a copy of Dylan’s videotape into the hands of New York’s Fox Channel 5 news. Both Mia and her mother denied the charge. The tape never ran, but the station did not exonerate Mia of leaking it. Reporter Rosanna Scotto says, “I wish we could,” but to do so would “narrow the field” among the possible suspects. By not tightly controlling all statements in the beginning, Mia’s side made some clunky missteps that Woody’s side offered as proof of her irrational rage. Mia told friends that he seemed to be following through on a threat she said he had delivered a few days before August 4, as word of the affair with Soon-Yi began to leak out. When Mia refused to appear at a proposed press conference called in part to say there was nothing at all between him and Soon-Yi, he reportedly told her that if the story ever came out he was going to say he loved Soon-Yi—making good on what he had previously threatened, that by the time he was finished with Mia there would be nothing left standing. ‘It’s a classic case of a woman scorned,” says Jane Martin, a close friend of Woody’s who worked as his assistant in the 1980s. “I’ve never been chewed out like I was by Mia. She can go from zero to 100 miles an hour in one second. She went berserk screaming crazy at me for two situations I had nothing to do with.” Martin, who is convinced Mia favors her natural boys over her adopted girls, likens her presence to “having a huge cobra coiled up in the corner of the room and having to watch it every day so it wouldn’t come out.” Martin also thinks that Mia’s “revenge” has been successful. “She’s put an indelible black question mark at the end of Woody’s name forever.” Mia Farrow not only felt massively betrayed but also was terrified that Woody Allen was coolly and deliberately tearing her family apart. In spite of everything, she had been holding her breath and hoping that the agreement would be signed. She was dependent on him both emotionally and financially. Although Variety recently reported that “Woody Allen makes expensive pictures and demands a rich deal,” all she reportedly earned from Allen was a modest $200,000 per film. Woody Allen is one of those rare auteurs in the film business who has had to answer to no one, and Mia enjoyed the security he provided. “One of the things that happened to Mia,” says Lynn Nesbit, “is that she got cut off, too.” To close the nightmare down, a few days before the Newsweek and Time cover stories came out, Mia told friends, Woody had agreed to drop the custody case and sign the original agreement if Mia would say she was dropping the abuse charges and the family would deal with the issue privately. “I think Woody’s big thrust is: You poisoned the atmosphere so much that Dylan’s making this thing up,” says Lynn Nesbit. Thus, an eyewitness who has given an affidavit to police says, Mia went to Dylan to see if she was willing to recant. Mia said, “Dylan, you know, we all make up stories. Everybody does that. Sometimes we know we made it up.” But the little girl would not back down. “If he says he didn’t,” Dylan answered, “he’s lying.” An individual close to Woody denies that Woody ever suggested such a compromise, countering, “That original agreement was old news. Mia had no options of taking it back—none.” Since the incident, Dylan has burst out, even in the middle of playing games, with statements like “I don’t want him to be my daddy.” “The thing that people have to understand in this case is that it is not Mia versus Woody; it’s just a plain simple fact that a seven-year-old child has told her mother something and that her mother has to choose to believe her,” says a member of the household. “If her mother doesn’t believe her, who is going to believe her?” Lynn Nesbit observes, “Mia says, ‘How can you turn your back on a seven-year-old?’ Believe me, her life would be a heck of a lot easier if she dropped it.” Over the years Mia had turned down other directors’ offers to act—including the role in Father of the Bride played by Diane Keaton, Woody’s ex-girlfriend—in order to stay in New York with her family and appear only in films by Woody. “Mia told me he was always telling her she had no talent at all,” says Leonard Gershe. “She was only good in his pictures, not anybody else’s. Nobody would ever hire her again.” Mia, who throughout their relationship had endured blistering put-downs by Woody—she told friends he once lit into her in front of the Russian Tea Room because she was off four degrees on the weather, and another time because she was unable to tell him how many kinds of pasta there were in the world—now so feared Woody that some of her behavior was classic textbook “female victim.” For example, when the Connecticut police asked her for Woody’s home-phone number, she refused to give it to them. The police just laughed at her. To those on the inside, however, who have watched the departure of Soon-Yi from the family, who have heard Dylan on the videotape and seen her changes of behavior, who have read the lurid headlines about Mia, who know about another approach Woody apparently made within the family, and who wonder if their phones are being tapped, Woody Allen is a chilling figure of power, a potentate of reel life who doesn’t seem to have to play by the rules. “This man is so exalted in the business—no one has the position he has. Until recently he hasn’t had to submit a script or anything,” says Leonard Gershe. “I think when you get up into that stratosphere you no longer have to pay attention to the law of gravity. Regular morals, conscience, ethics—that’s for slobs like you and me.” The effect, says Gershe, “spills over into real life. He’s treated like a little god, and little gods don’t have to do what everybody else does.” “He just scares me,” says a member of the household. “I think he scares everyone who knows all the things he has done. And anybody who is close to him—that he has the potential of destroying—I think is scared of him.” That includes most of the members of Mia’s unconventional family. “She’s afraid that he’s going to be gunning for her kids,” says Gretchen Buchenholz, a friend of Mia’s who heads the Association to Benefit Children and has helped Mia to find children to adopt. “He hasn’t done everything yet.” Mia’s twins by André Previn, Sasha and Matthew, are now 22. Sasha is in his last year at Fordham, and Matthew has graduated from Yale and is studying for his law boards. Mia and André Previn’s next child was adopted, a Vietnamese orphan named Lark, 19, who is now in nursing school at New York University. She has always been the one, those who know the family say, who likes to cook and care for her brothers and sisters. Mia then became pregnant again, with Fletcher, 18, now a senior at the prestigious Collegiate School. As Vietnam crumbled, André and Mia were able to get their daughter Daisy, 18, out on the last plane. Daisy was so malnourished and her intestinal lining was so damaged that she had to be fed at first through a tube in her head. She is now an honor student who won a math prize at another posh New York prep school, Nightingale-Bamford. Soon-Yi came at around age seven, just as André and Mia were ending their marriage. Six of Mia’s 11 children, therefore, are quite grown-up. Moses, from Korea, who has made great strides in overcoming his cerebral palsy, is 15, in the ninth grade at the exclusive Dalton School. Dylan is at Brearley, considered one of the top girls’ schools academically in New York, and Satchel goes to a Montessori pre-school. Tam, who is still learning English, is in a special-education class at P.S. 6, one of the best public schools in the city, and the baby, Isaiah, seems no longer to have any symptoms of cocaine withdrawal. In various interviews, Woody or his supporters have mentioned shoplifting, truancy, turnstile jumping, and check forgery as the dirty secrets of Mia’s kids. According to those close to the family, two years ago Lark and Daisy and two of their friends were picked up for shoplifting some underwear from a Connecticut mall. Around four years ago Lark got caught jumping a subway turnstile going home from a party that she had sneaked out to. Last year, Daisy, who hadn’t yet received her monthly allowance check from André Previn, forged Soon-Yi’s signature on hers while Soon-Yi was away at school. She was immediately made to pay the money back. Daisy also skipped five days of school last year when Mia was in Vietnam to arrange for an adoption. “Most of my students are New York City kids. Many have parents who are glamorous and famous, and most of these kids are very neglected and troubled and grow up very fast,” says Audrey Sieger, who has been tutoring the children in the Previn-Farrow-Allen household for the last 12 years. “Mia’s family is very unusual. She—at any time in these 12 years—has been able to tell me in detail about every one of her kids. These kids travel on buses with bus passes. They cook dinner for each other. They do their own laundry. Different kids over the years have been assigned the job of going to the supermarket. They have not been raised by nannies.” Mia, according to Sieger, was “warm, loving, sincere, and throughout all my years of working with the kids, having them at my office, calling at home, they were happy kids, giggling and laughing and involved with each other.” “I couldn’t get over how much the biological kids weren’t favored. They all viewed each other as equal and always referred to each other as ‘my brother,’ ‘my sister,’ ” says Lorrie Pierce, who has gone to the house to teach the children piano for the last seven or eight years. “Mia passes down family heirlooms to each one, without regard to who is adopted.” The piano teacher echoes the tutor: “She’s the one that kids threw up on. She gets right in the arena and does all the dirty work. She doesn’t push them off onto the help.” Every September, Mia would start a new film with Woody, and, according to those in the household, there was rarely a day when at least one of the children didn’t accompany her to the set; she turned her dressing room at the Kaufman-Astoria Studios into a nursery for them. Creating a large family “is not the act of a compulsive. It’s too much hard work,” says Mia’s friend Rose Styron, the human-rights-activist wife of novelist William Styron, who is Soon-Yi’s godmother. “I’ve never known anyone who cared so selflessly about children, and who put so much of herself into them.… They always came first.” Perhaps that was the key issue for Woody: who came first? One of the people who has spoken up for him, his costume designer Jeffrey Kurland, said in New York magazine, “Why this constant need [of Mia’s] for infants and little ones? Get on with your life!” Tisa Farrow says, “That is her mission in life. Her vocation is her work as an actress; her vocation makes her mission possible.” Leonard Gershe says, “Mia told me long ago, when she was adopting the fifth or sixth child, ‘Lenny, I was so lucky to find out fairly young that pink palazzos and swimming pools were never going to fulfill me. They don’t do it for me. I’m not interested in fashion, I’m not interested in jewelry. I’m interested in giving a life to someone whose life would not exist if it weren’t for me.’ What’s so terrible about this? It’s absolutely sincere.” Throughout this ordeal Mia’s other children have been loyal to their mother; none of her older children any longer speaks to Woody. They appear to be furious that he has said that he was never any sort of father figure or figure of authority for them, and that they wouldn’t have cared two seconds that he was having an affair with Soon-Yi if Mia hadn’t kept them whipped up. “The insensitivity of someone who could say that brothers and sisters would not care that their mother’s boyfriend was having an affair with their sister … devastated the entire family,” says Priscilla Gilman. “She wasn’t jealous; it wasn’t that at all. It was a sense of moral outrage.” Soon-Yi has reportedly told her mother that she doesn’t need her anymore. For the time being, Soon-Yi is out of the family. Woody pays her tuition at Drew, where his limousine has been seen picking her up on Fridays. The empty space at the dinner table at Mia’s where Soon-Yi used to sit has been taken up by Isaiah’s high chair, although all in the family insist they still love Soon-Yi and want her to come back. Both Woody Allen and Mia Farrow had to make strenuous efforts to get these children: a New York adoption law had to be stretched for Woody to adopt Dylan and Moses, but it required an act of Congress for Mia to have Soon-Yi. For the first three years Mia cared for her, Soon-Yi referred to her as “Good Mama,” as opposed to her natural mother, “Naughty Mama.” Naughty Mama was reportedly a prostitute; for punishment, she would force Soon-Yi to kneel in a doorway, and she would slam the door against the little girl’s head. One day she left the child on a street in Seoul and said she would be back in five minutes. Then she disappeared forever. When the orphanage found Soon-Yi, she spoke no known language, just gibberish. Mia waited almost a year to get her, and finally had to request that Congress change the law that limited the number of alien children an American family could adopt. She then stayed at the orphanage in Seoul washing dishes for 10 days until Soon-Yi’s papers came through. In order to get to know the child, Mia brought her a doll and a pretty new dress. The doll frightened Soon-Yi. She had never seen one before and thought it was some kind of animal. Later, when Mia dressed her up and stood her before a mirror, Soon-Yi hated what she saw and tried to kick the mirror in. She despised men more, and hissed whenever one came near. Recently, a psychiatrist who has seen Soon-Yi informed Mia that mothering her was probably a no-win proposition: in terms of transference, her intense antipathy toward her biological mother was too great. Mia’s friends say Mia disagrees with this assessment. At some point Soon-Yi started calling “Good Mama” Mia. “She was not as close to Mia as the other children were,” says Priscilla Gilman. “She wasn’t very demonstrative. Mia was towards her, but she just never was towards Mia.” Nobody knows how old Soon-Yi really is. Without ever seeing her, Korean officials put her age down as seven on her passport. A bone scan Mia had done on her in the U.S. put her age at between five and seven. In the family, Soon-Yi is considered to have turned 20 this year, on October 8. Prior to Tam, she was the oldest child Mia had adopted; she was also the most learning-deprived, the quietest and least socialized of all the children. She has always worked extraordinarily hard, spending hours on homework it took others a half-hour to complete. Because of her learning disabilities, she took the S.A.T.’s untimed. At Marymount, a parochial school that Buchenholz says has had outstanding success with a “heterogeneous system which mixes girls like Soon-Yi with National Merit Scholars,” Soon-Yi was so upright the family thought she might want to become a nun. “She was very straitlaced, very, very proper—morally,” says Audrey Sieger. “That was the shock for me: she’s so very moral about anybody who would cheat on a test or take a shortcut to do something.” Soon-Yi shared a room with Lark and Daisy, both of whom were far hipper and more outgoing than she. Soon-Yi seemed to live in a world of fairy-tale romance, dreaming of boyfriends who never called. She had a picture of Fred Astaire next to her bed. “My personal opinion is that she’s basking in the sunlight of the attention,” says Sieger, “kind of like she’s in a romance.” Soon-Yi and Lark were paid $70 by Woody to baby-sit on alternate weekends for Dylan and Satchel—an arrangement Soon-Yi and Woody’s side are now using as evidence of Mia’s making servants of the children. “I felt it was kind of tough on them,” says Sieger. “It was like a 24-hour deal, watching babies.” One summer Woody got Soon-Yi a part as an extra in Scenes from a Mall, the film he starred in with Bette Midler. Soon-Yi entertained thoughts of being a model and in her senior year Woody advised her on how to go about it. “Those last six months of high school, there was a definite change. I have no idea when her relationship started with him,” says Sieger. “He was helping her to show her how to dress and prepare herself to be a model, and he arranged for her to have professional pictures taken. When I saw the professional pictures, I was very surprised, because Soon-Yi looked so glamorous.” The family soon sensed that Soon-Yi had a crush on Woody, which he seemed to delight in. But they thought nothing of it, since Soon-Yi had yet to receive her first phone call from a boy. Woody started taking her to basketball games, and Mia would reportedly tell her to stop dressing up for them as if she were going to a disco. The summer of ’91, Soon-Yi stayed in the city to work. She lived in Mia’s apartment with her big brother Matthew, whom she idolized, while Mia and the younger children were in the country. At night she would get all dressed up and go out, never telling Matthew or Priscilla where she was going. “All of a sudden she started wearing these incredibly sexy clothes, and putting on these black, really slinky shirts and little skirts and these pumps and stuff,” says Gilman. “She would say, ‘Don’t tell Mom. I’m going to a friend’s house.’ And I said to Matthew, ‘I think she has a secret boyfriend, and I think we should find out who this is.’ And Matthew said, ‘Oh, no, just let her do her own thing.’ Matthew is very into respecting people’s privacy, and I said, ‘No, Matthew, as a good brother you should find out who this is. This is rather odd that she’s slinking around like this.” And he said, ‘No, no, no.’ ” Soon-Yi’s other brothers and sisters also noticed things. Once, Moses told a family member he had seen Woody looking up Soon-Yi’s skirt right in the apartment, and Daisy was surprised to find him another time touching Soon-Yi’s hips, but the two kids didn’t dwell on these things. Around last Thanksgiving-time, a few weeks before Woody’s formal adoption of Moses and Dylan was to become final, a time when members of the family now feel he was probably involved with Soon-Yi—Leonard Gershe says Mia told him both Soon-Yi and Woody told her on the day she found the pictures that they had been seeing each other for about six months and that the relationship had become sexual about the first of December—Woody also began to take a special interest in Daisy. Four different times, according to several sources, he tried to engage her in intimate conversation, asking her to tell him all her secrets, things she wouldn’t tell her mom about a boyfriend, asking, Where do you go at night—do you sneak out? Daisy, according to those close to her, couldn’t figure out if he was trying to become more of a father figure or “some cool friend or what.” “But she didn’t tell Mia at the time, because Mia would be hurt,” says Gershe. When Woody saw Daisy defend her mother in the media, he reportedly called her “a lying little twit,” and threatened that he’d see her in court. Despite more than 20 years of analysis, Woody Allen seems to keep repeating himself. And right up to Husbands and Wives, which Mia had no idea was such a close parallel to them, he seems deliberately to have tried to work out his real life in his films. “Substitute Mia and her daughters for Hannah and her sisters and you begin to understand what this man is about,” says Leonard Gershe. Once Mia found the pictures, life for the two took a different course, and would never be the same again. But from the beginning, Woody Allen has seemed curiously numb to the moral implications of his relationship with Soon-Yi, unwilling to recognize the effect his behavior has on others. “To this day I don’t think he really understands what everybody’s so excited about,” says Leonard Gershe. “He does not understand the morality of it. He’s deflecting things with ‘She’s over 18.’ Nobody ever questioned that he did anything illegal. He did something immoral, and that’s what he can’t understand.” “He didn’t see how traumatic this was to the family,” says Lynn Nesbit. “He saw it as something traumatic a man had done to a woman. He couldn’t acknowledge it. He wouldn’t.” Mia called Gershe from Woody’s apartment the day she discovered the photos. “Her voice was shaking, and I knew something god-awful had happened.… She said, ‘I can’t believe this. I have nude pictures of Soon-Yi.’ ” Mia then phoned Woody and told him she had found the pictures and “to get away from us.” She grabbed her child and went back to her apartment. Soon-Yi was there, still at home on her Christmas break. A donnybrook ensued. Mia slapped Soon-Yi four or five times over a few days. Woody said that Mia locked Soon-Yi in her room and also smashed her with a chair, but one eyewitness denies it. “I was over there the next say,” says Casey Pascal. “The room wasn’t locked, and I never saw any bruises or anything [on Soon-Yi].” Woody came over immediately. He first told Mia that he loved Soon-Yi and would marry her. “Fine,” Mia said. “She’s in her room. Take her and go. Get out of here, both of you.” Then, Mia told friends, Woody dropped to his knees and started to cry. He begged Mia’s forgiveness and asked her to marry him—“put this behind us, use it as a springboard to a better relationship.” He called what had happened with Soon-Yi “a tepid little affair that wouldn’t have lasted more than a few weeks anyway.” He also told Mia that the affair was “probably good for Soon-Yi’s self-esteem.” “His whole attitude about it was as though it were a breach of etiquette—he used the wrong form: So let’s put that behind us. It’s embarrassing, but, you know, let’s get married,” says Leonard Gershe. “She couldn’t believe what was coming out of him. And then she slapped him.” Nevertheless, Woody spent the dinner hour with the children as usual. The next day Mia asked Casey Pascal to go to Soon-Yi. “ ‘I’m too angry to talk to her, but go in and make sure she knows that I still love her.’ And I went in carrying that message,” Pascal recalls. “Soon-Yi just cried and said, ‘I didn’t mean to hurt my mother.’ And I said, ‘What did you think was going to happen?’ And she said, ‘I never thought she’d find out.’ ” Soon-Yi would not hear of any of its being Woody’s fault. “He’s not to blame for this,” she told Pascal, and admitted that their affair had begun in the fall. “She was saying things like ‘My mother didn’t understand him—she didn’t have time for him and all his needs.’ The child was absolutely tortured, and she was totally loyal to him.” When a much younger, less sophisticated person takes a lover the age of a parent, says Dr. Leo Kron, the director of adolescent and child psychiatry at St. Luke’s/Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan, “it may create for her the opportunity to avoid the anxiety of normal development. It can be a way to avoid socialization. It’s a safe haven with a parent figure, an escape from the normal vicissitudes of growing up. The fact she had such a deprived early existence makes it more difficult for her to become independent. There’s a greater risk of getting involved in a relationship where she has to be taken care of.” Soon-Yi’s big confrontation with her family came the following weekend. Most of the children had been in the apartment the previous tense days, witnessing tears and fights, yet Woody blamed Mia for telling them anything at all. “It was her fault they were mad at him,” says Leonard Gershe. That Sunday in Connecticut, while Dylan and Satchel watched The Little Mermaid in the TV room, the older children and Priscilla Gilman and Mia had a family meeting with Soon-Yi. “The whole notion that Mia kicked her out of the house is completely a lie,” says Gilman. “It was a choice. She said, ‘Soon-Yi, we want you in this family. We love you. But you are going to have to choose whether you want to be in this family or to be with Woody. And that you can promise me that you will never do anything like this again.’ ” Then the brothers and sisters spoke, trying to understand what had happened. “All I remember Soon-Yi saying was ‘It’s my fault, it’s my fault, it’s just as much my fault as Woody’s,’ ” says Gilman. Soon-Yi refused to explain anything. “She just ran out.” Woody, however, according to those close to the family, promised Mia he would leave Soon-Yi alone, and Soon-Yi confided to her mother that he had told her previously to go ahead and meet other boys and sleep with other boys, that their relationship was just a little secret something on the side and not to expect anything to come of it. Not long after, Mia finished her last two days of shooting on Husbands and Wives. “She was in denial, obviously. Her whole life was tied up with this man,” says her sister Tisa Farrow. “He made her feel like she couldn’t live without him. She took a long time to get pissed off. She’s no less vulnerable just because she’s an actress and has money.” On Valentine’s Day, Mia sent Woody a picture of her and her children, with a toothpick stuck in each person’s chest. The message: “This is how many hearts you’ve broken in this family.” Woody gave her a red satin box filled with chocolates and an embroidered antique heart. February was an amazing month. A six-year-old Vietnamese boy Mia and Woody had been waiting months to adopt arrived. He was supposed to be recovering from polio, but she soon discovered that he had severe cerebral palsy and was retarded. He screamed all day. She felt the burden of having him was too much for the other children, and after four days she allowed him to go to a family in New Mexico who already had older retarded children and who wanted him very much. In his place came Tam, an 11-year-old Vietnamese girl who had lost her eyesight from an infection while she was in an orphanage. Woody went to the airport with Mia when Isaiah joined the family the same month. All during the spring, Mia, who would later be characterized in the press by a friend of Woody’s as a heavily medicated, walking zombie, was busily putting together an education program for Tam. Rose Styron saw Mia in May, when she “was overwhelmed on all fronts, when nothing was sorted out.” Styron saw her again just before Labor Day, in Connecticut, down by the pond happily surrounded by eight of her children. “Tam was speaking English, laughing, standing up straight, showing she could handle things. I couldn’t believe what had happened to Tam in the three months since I’d seen her.” Nevertheless, Mia had had a bleak spring. She and Woody went round and round about their relationship. She told friends he wanted to come back. She became depressed and sought a psychologist’s help for the first time in her adult life. As usual, Woody paid for the therapy. (“You can’t say his own therapy failed,” quips Mia’s lawyer Eleanor Alter. “He might have become a serial killer without it.”) She was given an antidepressant, which she had a bad reaction to. Reeling from the drug, she had thoughts of suicide and wrote a note to Woody, saying she felt she couldn’t go on. But sources close to her say she tore the note up immediately, and flatly deny that she ever faked a suicide attempt. She then called the doctor, who explained that the drug “sometimes has the reverse effect.” For two months she took a different antidepressant and a mild sleeping pill each night so that she could still wake up to feed the baby, who slept in her room. One night Woody took her to Elaine’s when she seemed particularly low. Leonard Gershe got a report back from friends that “Mia looked like Jackie Kennedy on Air Force One.” In June, she stopped both the therapy and the pills. Since January she has had four panic attacks, and takes medication if one comes on. Every day the children went through their usual routine. One member of the household staff says about the reports of Mia’s need for pills and alcohol, “How could she have cared for a baby in the evening? How could she have cared for all the children? … I think I would have noticed if she were drinking or taking pills.” Mia told Leonard Gershe of an evening when Woody took her out to an East Side restaurant and they had a fine wine. “He was being particularly sweet and lovely to her, and he said, ‘Mia, we really can put this behind us. Let’s go back to your place, let’s tear up those pictures of Soon-Yi.’ Mia said, ‘I don’t think so.’ ” In June, Soon-Yi was about to finish school and go to work as a camp counselor for the summer. She hadn’t had much contact with the family—according to someone close to the household, one of the legion of shrinks told Mia it was better for Soon-Yi to remain outside the circle for a time as she was “too sexualized an object.” Mia thought it would be a good idea for her to be with kids her own age, so Soon-Yi took the counselor job at a camp in Maine. But in July, Mia received what Maureen O’Sullivan calls “an awful letter.” The head of the camp had fired Soon-Yi because she didn’t get along with the children, and was concerned that she kept getting phone calls from an older man who called himself Mr. Simon. Mia’s friends say that Woody, who had given his solemn word that he wouldn’t have any contact with Soon-Yi, first denied, then admitted to, the calls, but said he had made them just to be certain Soon-Yi had enough money. Soon-Yi called to say she was going to live at a friend’s but Mia did not know where she was until the tabloids found her, after everything exploded in August. One of the great ironies of this story is that Woody Allen, by virtue of his vaunted reputation, was able to adopt Dylan and Moses, who had already been legally adopted by Mia in 1985 and 1978, respectively. Never before in New York, it seems, had two single people separately adopted the same children—unmarried couples have not been able to adopt at all—and in fact, had the case been taken to family court, the usual venue for adoptions, such an exception would probably not have been allowed. But their lawyer Paul Martin Weltz put the adoption of Dylan and Moses before Judge Renee Roth in the surrogate court in Manhattan. “Surrogate court is less hectic. I felt the two judges there were both very humane and forward-looking,” says Weltz. “In family court you never know who you’re going to get. I didn’t want some clerk to say, ‘The statute doesn’t permit it. Go away.’ ” But, adds Weltz, “to have a second parent of the intellectual ability and the financial ability of a Woody Allen—how could anybody at that point think of a single negative?” Given the status of the father, the home study was waived, and the court presumably knew nothing about Woody’s sessions with Dr. Coates. “You have a home visit when you’re thinking maybe these people can’t afford another child. Here there was no issue of morality or finances,” Weltz says. “Woody had told me that he used to go over to Mia’s apartment every day and be there when the children woke up. He’d see them every day in the middle of the day. He’d be there when they went to bed. On the surface it seemed that he was more of a father than a lot of natural fathers I represent.” Weltz recalls December 17, the day Woody, Mia, and the children accompanied him to the courtroom (where Woody remembered he had once shot a scene) and the judge’s chambers, as being “probably the happiest day I’ve ever spent in court.” Now Mia, who is the one being accused of being an unfit parent, wants the adoptions nullified, and her lawyers are considering going to court to try to overturn them. If they succeed, the custody case would be moot, of course. Meanwhile, authorities in Connecticut are pursuing their investigation to decide whether or not there are sufficient grounds to charge Woody Allen criminally with child abuse. For the last month a team of experts in New Haven have been examining the evidence and listening to Dylan tell her story. If they conclude that there is sufficient evidence to charge Woody, it is still up to the Litchfield County prosecutor to decide whether to proceed with a trial. And if so, will Mia allow Dylan to take the stand? The family says she will. A gripping courtroom drama may be in the making, one that would undoubtedly give tabloid TV its highest ratings ever. Or things could be settled overnight. Left unresolved, however, is the healing process—how Mia and Woody and these 11 children can ever be reconstituted as a family. In March, Mia Farrow had all of her children who were not Catholics—including Soon-Yi—baptized. Maureen Orth is a Vanity Fair special correspondent and National Magazine Award winner. Share	i don't know
Which month of the 'French Revolutionary Calandar' had a name derived from the French for fog?	The 12 Months of the French Republican Calendar \| Britannica.com The 12 Months of the French Republican Calendar Editor Picks: Exploring 10 Types of Basketball Movies French revolutionaries believed they did not simply topple a government, but established a new social order founded on freedom and equality. Far from limiting reforms to the state, revolutionaries sought to align French institutions and mores on the basis of the new republican ideals through a multitude of changes, from reorganizing France’s regional divisions to abandoning the terms Monsieur and Madame in favor of the more egalitarian Citoyen and Citoyenne. To mark the advent of the new age of liberty, they also replaced, in October 1793, the old Gregorian calendar with a new republican calendar. Henceforth, the year of the official proclamation of the Republic (1792) would become Year One. In this secular calendar, the twelve months of the year were named after natural elements, while each day was named for a seed, tree, flower, fruit, animal, or tool, replacing the saints’-day names and Christian festivals. The republican calendar was abandoned by Napoleon on January 1, 1806. 1Germinal Month of sprouting buds ~ March 21 to April 19 The word was coined by revolutionary Phillippe Fabre-Desglantines from the German noun "germen" (sprout, bud). It was made famous by Émile Zola’s namesake novel. As Merriam-Webster teaches us, germinal is also an English noun, which means "being in the earliest stage of development" or "of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a germ cell or early embryo." 2Floréal The months of flowering (from the Latin flos, flower) ~April 20 to May 19 In a poem dedicated to the new republican calendar, Citizen Cupière associated these names with the joy of nature’s rebirth: "Germinal will have me caress my Lisette, Floréal pin flowers to her ruff, Prairial lead her to joyful lawns..." 3Prairial Month of meadows ~ May 20 to June 18 This month is remembered for the infamous Law of 22 Prairial Year II, or Law of the Great Terror, which substantially weakened the rights of those accused to be “enemies of the people.” 4Messidor Month of harvest (in Latin: messis) ~June 19 to July 18 Every day of the year was also renamed after an element of nature, to counter the Catholic calendar’s association of days with the names of saints and sacred events. The first three days of Messidor, for instance, were dedicated to rye, oat, and onion. 5Thermidor Month of warmth ~ July 19 to August 17 Because the revolt which caused the fall of Robespierre in 1794 occurred during this month, “Thermidhorian” has come to mean a counterrevolutionary movement or regime seeking to re-establish order and normalcy following a period of political radicalism. 6Fructidor Month of fruits ~ August 18 to September 16 Most people know of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, written in 1789. Less known is that a series of declarations, more or less radical in tone, followed. The Constitution of the 5th Fructidor Year III, and the Declaration which served as its preamble, emphasized law and order. Article 1 stated: “The rights of man in society, are liberty, equality, security, and property.” 7Vendémiaire Month of vintage ~ September 22 to October 21 In Year VI of the Revolution (1795), the French legislative assembly (the Convention) passed a decree to counter the rising support enjoyed by royalists. According to this decree, two-thirds of the incoming representatives had to come from the poll of incumbents. On the 13th of Vendémiaire, an armed insurrection led by royalists was defeated by the French army. One of the leaders of the counter-insurrection was a certain Captain Napoléon Bonaparte, who royalists would long call general Vendémiaire. 8Brumiaire Month of fog ~ October 22 to November 20 On the 18th of Brumaire, French General Napoléon Bonaparte led a coup which overthrew the government known as the “Directoire.” The event is often regarded as the end of the French Revolution. 9Frimaire Month of wintry weather ~ November 21 to December 20 Napoleon was crowned as Emperor of the French on the 11th day of this month, in Year XIII (December 2nd, 1804). The ceremony was led by Pope Pius, who blessed the new emperor with these words: "Que Dieu vous affermisse sur ce trône..." (’May God strengthen you upon this throne...). 10Nivôse Month of snow ~ December 21 to January 19 In the French Navy, Nivôse is the name of a warship built in 1992, which served notably in counter-piracy missions. 11Pluviôse Month of rain ~ January 20 to February 18 On the 16th of Pluviôse, Year II (February 4, 1794), the National Assembly abolished slavery in all French colonies, and proclaimed the equality of all men, regardless of the color of their skin. Unfortunately, the victory of the anti-slavery camp was relatively short-lived, and slavery was restored in 1802. 12Ventôse © Dmitri Brodski/Fotolia Month of wind~ February 19 to March 20 This month is remembered in part for the Ventôse Decrees, which legalized the confiscation of the property of suspected counterrevolutionaries and its redistribution to needy patriots.	Brumaire
To where was Saul heading when he had a vision from God, thus becoming St. Paul?	The French Revolution Glossary Advertisements: Use the search bar to look for terms in all glossaries, dictionaries, articles and other resources simultaneously This is a glossary of the French Revolution. It generally does not explicate names of individual people or their political associations; those can be found in List of people associated with the French Revolution. The terminology routinely used in discussing the French Revolution can be confusing, even daunting. The same political faction may be referred to by different historians (or by the same historian in different contexts) by different names. During much of the revolutionary period, the French used a newly invented calendar that fell into complete disuse after the revolutionary era. Different legislative bodies had rather similar names, not always translated uniformly into English. This article is intended as a central place to clarify these issues. The three estates The estates of the realm in ancien régime France were: - First Estate (Fr. Premier État , le clergé ) - The clergy, both high (generally siding with the nobility, and it often was recruited amongst its younger sons) and low. - Second Estate (Fr. Second État , la noblesse ) - The nobility. Technically, but not usually of much relevance, the Second Estate also included the Royal Family. - Third Estate (Fr. Tiers État) - Everyone not included in the First or Second Estate. At times this term refers specifically to the bourgeoisie, the middle class, but the Third Estate also included the sans-culottes, the laboring class. Also included in the Third Estate were lawyers, merchants, and government officials. Note: Fourth Estate, a term with two relevant meanings: on the one hand, the generally unrepresented poor, nominally part of the Third Estate; on the other, the press, as a fourth powerful entity in addition to the three estates of the realm. Social classes Royalty - House of Bourbon, After the Empire was established. Nobility (Fr. noblesse) - Those with explicit noble title. These are traditionally divided into "noblesse d'épée" ("nobility of the sword") and "noblesse de robe" ("nobility of the gown"), the magisterial class that administered royal justice and civil government, often referring to those who bought a title of nobility (rich merchants). Ci-devant nobility - Literally "from before": nobility of the ancien régime (the Bourbon kingdom) after it had lost its titles and privileges. Bourgeoisie - Roughly, the non-noble wealthy, typically merchants, investors, and professionals such as lawyers. Active and passive citizens - During the period of the Legislative Assembly, approximately half of the men of France were disfranchised as "passive citizens". Only "active citizens", a category based on taxes paid, could vote; they also formed the basis of the National Guard. Sans-culottes - literally "those without breeches", the masses of Paris. Peasants, who represent 90% of the French nation's population. Constitutions Liberal monarchical constitution - Adopted October 6, 1789, accepted by the King July 14, 1790. The Constitution of 1791 or Constitution of September 3, 1791 - Establishes a limited monarchy and the Legislative Assembly. The Constitution of 1793, Constitution of June 24, 1793 (Fr. Acte constitutionnel du 24 juin 1793, or Montagnard Constitution (Fr. Constitution montagnarde) - Ratified, but never applied, due to the suspension of all ordinary legality October 10, 1793. The Constitution of 1795, Constitution of August 22, 1795, Constitution of the Year III, or Constitution of 5 Fructidor - Establishes the Directory. The Constitution of the Year VIII - Adopted December 24, 1799, establishes the Consulate. The Constitution of the Year X - Establishes a revised Consulate, with Napoleon as First Consul for Life. The Constitution of the Year XII - Establishes Bonaparte's First Empire. Governmental structures In roughly chronological order: The ancien régime - The absolute monarchy under the Bourbon kings, generally considered to end some time between the meeting of the Estates-General on May 5, 1789 and the liberal monarchical constitution of October 6, 1789. Parlements - Royal Law courts in Paris and most provinces under the ancien régime. The Estates-General, also known as States-General (Fr. Etats-Généraux) - The traditional tricameral legislature of the ancien régime, which had fallen into disuse since 1614. The convention of the Estates-General of 1789 is one of the events that led to the French Revolution. The Estates General, as such, met May 5–6 , 1789, but reached an impasse because the Third Estate refused to continue to participate in this structure. The other two estates continued to meet in this form for several more weeks. The Communes - The body formed May 11, 1789 by the Third Estate after seceding from the Estates General. On June 12, 1789 the Communes invited the other orders to join them: some clergy did so the following day. The National Assembly (Fr. Assemblée Nationale) - Declared June 17, 1789 by the Communes. The clergy joined them June 19. This was soon reconstituted as... The National Constituent Assembly (Fr. Assemblée nationale constituante); also loosely referred to as the National Assembly - From July 9, 1789 to September 30, 1791 this was both the governing and the constitution-drafting body of France. It dissolved itself in favor of… The Legislative Assembly (Fr. Assemblée Legislative) - From October 1, 1791 to September 1792, the Legislative Assembly, elected by voters with property qualifications, governed France under a constitutional monarchy, but with the removal of the king's veto power on July 11, 1792, was a republic in all but name, and became even more so after the subsequent arrest of the Royal Family. The Paris Commune (French revolution) - During the waning days of the Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy, the municipal government of Paris functioned, at times, in the capacity of a national government, as a rival, a goad, or a bully to the Legislative Assembly. Further, the Sections were directly democratic mass assemblies in Paris during the first four years of the Revolution. The Provisional Executive Committee - Headed by Georges Danton, this also functioned in August–September 1792 as a rival claimant to national power. The National Convention, or simply The Convention - First met September 20, 1792; two days later, declared a republic. The National Convention after the fall of the Montagnards (July 27, 1794) is sometimes referred to as the "Thermidorian Convention". Three committees of the National Convention are particularly worthy of note: The Committee of Public Safety (Fr. Comité de salut public) - During the Reign of Terror, this committee was effectively the government of France. After the fall of the Montagnards, the committee continued, but with reduced powers. The Committee of General Security (Fr. Comité de sûreté générale) - Coordinated the War effort. The Committee of Education (Fr. Comité de l'instruction) The tribunal révolutionaire 'revolutionary tribunal', instituted in March–October 1793 to prosecute all threats to the revolutionary republic, was the effective agent of the Comité de Salut Public's reign of terror in Paris until its dissolution on May 31, 1795. The Directory (Fr. Directoire) - From August 22, 1795, the Convention was replaced by the Directory, a bicameral legislature that more or less institutionalized the dominance of the bourgeosie while also enacting a major land reform that was henceforward to place the peasants firmly on the political right. The rightward move was so strong that monarchists actually won the election of 1797 but were stopped from taking power by the coup of 18 Fructidor (September 4, 1797), the first time Napoleon played a direct role in government. The Directory continued (politically quite far to the left of its earlier self) until Napoleon took power in his own right, November 9, 1799 (or 18 Brumaire), the date that is generally counted as the end of the French Revolution. The Directory itself was the highest executive organ, comprising five Directors, chosen by the Ancients out of a list elected by the Five Hundred; its legislative was bicameral, consisting of: The Council of Five Hundred (Fr. Conseil des Cinq-Cents), or simply the Five Hundred. The Council of Ancients (Fr. Conseil des Anciens), or simply the Ancients or the Senate. The Consulate (Fr. Consulat) - The period of the Consulate (December 1799 - December 1804) is only ambiguously part of the revolutionary era. The government was led by three indiviuduals known as Consuls. From the start, Napoleon Bonaparte served as First Consul (Fr. Premier Consul) of the Republic. In May 1802, a plebiscite made Bonaparte First Consul for Life. In May 1804 the Empire was declared, bringing the Revolutionary era to a yet more definitive end. The tribunat was one of the legislative chambers instituted by the Constitution of year VIII, composed of 100 members nominated by the Senate to discuss the legislative initiatives defended by the government's Orateurs in the presence of the Corps législatif; abolished in 1807 Political groupings Royalists or Monarchists - Generally refers specifically to supporters of the Bourbon monarchy and can include both supporters of absolute and constitutional monarchy. Jacobins - strictly, a member of the Jacobin club, but more broadly any revolutionary, particularly the more radical bourgeois elements. Feuillants - Members of the Club des Feuillants, result of a split within the Jacobins, who favored a constitutional monarchy over a republic. Republicans - Advocates of a system without a monarch. The Gironde - Technically, a group of twelve republican deputies more moderate in their tactics than the Montagnards, though arguably many were no less radical in their beliefs; the term is often applied more broadly to others of similar politics. Members and adherents of the Gironde are variously referred to as "Girondists" (Fr. "Girondins") or "Brissotins" The Mountain (Fr. Montagne) - The radical republican grouping in power during the Reign of Terror; its adherents are typically referred to as "Montagnards". Septembriseurs — The Mountain and others (such as Georges Danton) who were on the rise in the period of the September Massacres Thermidorians or Thermidoreans - The more moderate (some would say reactionary) grouping that came to power after the fall of the Mountain. Society of the Panthéon, also known as Conspiracy of the Equals, and as the Secret Directory - faction centered around François-Noël Babeuf, who continued to hold up a radical Jacobin viewpoint during the period of the Thermidorian reaction. Bonapartists - Supporters of Napoleon Bonaparte, especially those who supported his taking on the role of Emperor. Émigrés - This term usually refers to those conservatives and members of the elite who left France in the period of increasingly radical revolutionary ascendancy, usually under implied or explicit threat from the Terror. (Generically, it can refer to those who left at other times or for other reasons.) Besides the émigrés having their property taken by the State, relatives of émigrés were also persecuted. Ancien régime taxes Corvée - A royal or seigneurial tax, taken in the form of forced labor. It came in many forms, including compulsory military service and compulsory tillage of fields. Most commonly, the term refers to a royal corvée requiring peasants to maintain the king's roads. Gabelle - A tax on salt. Taille - A royal tax, in principle pro capita, whose amount was fixed before collecting. Tithe - A tax to church. Aide - A tax on wine. Vingtième – 5% direct tax levied on income. Capitation – A poll tax. Months of the French Revolutionary Calendar Vendémiaire Vendémiaire ( French pronunciation: [vɑ̃demjɛʁ]) was the first month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word vendange (grape harvest). Vendémiaire was the first month of the autumn quarter (mois d'automne). It started on the day of the autumnal equinox, which fell between September 22 and September 24, inclusive. It thus ended between October 21 and October 23. It follows the Sansculottides of the past year and precedes Brumaire. Brumaire Brumaire ( French pronunciation: [bʁymɛʁ]) was the second month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word brume (fog) which occurs frequently in France at that time of the year. Brumaire was the second month of the autumn quarter (mois d'automne). It started between 22 October and 24 October. It ended between 20 November and 22 November. It follows the Vendémiaire and precedes the Frimaire. In political/historical usage, Brumaire often refers to the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in the year VIII (9 November 1799), by which General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the government of the Directory to replace it with the Consulate. Frimaire Frimaire ( French pronunciation: [fʁimɛʁ]) was the third month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word frimas, which means frost. Frimaire was the third month of the autumn quarter (mois d'automne). It started between November 21 and November 23. It ended between December 20 and December 22. It follows the Brumaire and precedes the Nivôse. Nivôse Nivôse ( French pronunciation: [nivoz]; also Nivose) was the fourth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word nivosus, which means snow. Nivôse was the first month of the winter quarter (mois d'hiver). It started between 21 and 23 December. It ended between 19 and 21 January. It follows the Frimaire and precedes the Pluviôse. The new names for the calendar were suggested by Fabre d'Églantine on 24 October 1793. On 24 November the National Convention accepted the names with minor changes. So it was decided to omit the circumflex (accent circonflexe) in the names of the winter months. So the month was named Nivose instead of Nivôse. Historiography still prefers the spelling Nivôse. Pluviôse Pluviôse ( French pronunciation: [plyvjoz]; also Pluviose) was the fifth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word pluviosus, which means rainy. Pluviôse was the second month of the winter quarter (mois d'hiver). It started between January 20 and January 22. It ended between February 18 and February 20. It follows the Nivôse and precedes the Ventôse. The new names for the calendar were suggested by Fabre d'Églantine on October 24, 1793. On November 24 the National Convention accepted the names with minor changes. It was decided to omit the circumflex (accent circonflexe) in the names of the winter months. So the month was named Pluviose instead of Pluviôse. Historiography still prefers the spelling Pluviôse. Fracoiss Germinal ( French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁminal]) was the seventh month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word germen, which means germination Germinal was the first month of the spring quarter (mois de printemps). It started March 21 or March 22. It ended April 19 or April 20. It follows the Ventôse and precedes the Floréal. Germinal sometimes refers to the downfall and execution in March-April 1794—Germinal by the Republican Calendar-of the indulgents, Georges Danton and Camille Desmoulins. Floréal Floréal ( French pronunciation: [flɔʁeal]) was the eighth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word flos, which means flowering. Floréal was the second month of the spring quarter (mois de printemps). It started 20 April or 21 April. It ended 19 May or 20 May. It follows the Germinal and precedes the Prairial. Floreal is also the name of one town on Mauritius and another in Brazil. Prairial Prairial ( French pronunciation: [pʁɛʁjal]) was the ninth month in the French Republican Calendar. This month was named after the French word prairie, which means meadow. It was the name given to several ships. Prairial was the third month of the spring quarter (mois de printemps). It started May 20 or May 21. It ended June 18 or June 19. It follows the Floréal and precedes the Messidor. Messidor Messidor ( French pronunciation: [mesidɔʁ]) was the tenth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word messis, which means harvest. Messidor was the first month of the summer quarter (mois d'été). It started June 19 or June 20. It ended July 18 or July 19. It follows the Prairial and precedes the Thermidor. Thermidor Thermidor ( French pronunciation: [tɛʁmidɔr]) was the eleventh month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word thermal which comes from the Greek word "thermos" which means heat. Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (mois d'été). It started July 19 or 20. It ended August 17 or 18. It follows the Messidor and precedes the Fructidor. During Year 2, it was sometimes called Fervidor. Thermidor has come to mean a retreat from more radical goals and strategies during a revolution, especially when caused by a replacement of leading personalities (see Thermidor reaction). Fructidor Fructidor ( French pronunciation: [fʁyktidɔʁ]) is the twelfth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word fructus, which means "fruit". Fructidor is the third month of the summer quarter (mois d'été). By the Gregorian calendar, Fructidor starts on either August 18 or August 19 and ends exactly thirty days later, on September 16 or September 17. Fructidor follows the month of Thermidor and precedes the Sansculottides. Under this calendar, the Year I or "Year 1" began September 22, 1792 (the date of the official abolition of the monarchy and the nobility). Events commonly known by their Gregorian dates The 14th of July—The storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789. The flashpoint of the revolution. The 4th of August: The National Constituent Assembly voted to abolish feudalism August 4, 1789. The 10th of August -- The storming of the Tuileries Palace, August 10, 1792. The effective end of the French monarchy. Events commonly known by their Revolutionary dates 22 Prairial Year II - Passage of a law greatly expanding the power of the Revolutionary Tribunals. 9 Thermidor Year II - The fall of the Mountain and the execution of Robespierre and others, July 27, 1794. 13 Vendémiaire Year IV - Failed coup and incidence of Napoleon's "whiff of grapeshot", October 5, 1795 18 Fructidor Year V - The coup against the monarchist restorationists, September 4, 1797. 22 Floréal Year VI - Coup in which 106 left-wing deputies were deprived of their seats, (May 11, 1798). 30 Prairial Year VII - Coup backed militarily by General Joubert, under which four directors were forced to resign (June 18, 1799). 18 Brumaire Year VIII - The coup that brought Napoleon to power, establishing the Consulate (November 9, 1799). War The First Coalition - the opponents of France 1793 - 1797: Austria, England, Prussia, Sardinia, The Netherlands, and Spain. The Second Coalition - the opponents of France 1798 - 1800: Austria, England, Russia, and Turkey. The Vendée - Province where peasants revolted against the Revolutionary government in 1793. Fighting continued until 1796. Symbols Fleur de lys - the lily, emblem of the Bourbon monarchy. The "Marseillaise" - the republican anthem. Tricolor - the flag of the Republic, consisting of three vertical stripes, blue, white, and red. Cockades Cockades (Fr: cocardes) were rosettes or ribbons worn as a badge, typically on a hat. Black cockade - Primarily, the cockade of the anti-revolutionary aristocracy. Also, earlier, the cockade of the American Revolution. Green cockade - As the "color of hope", the symbol of the Revolution in its early days, before the adoption of the tricolor. Tricolor cockade - The symbol of the Revolution (from shortly after the Bastille fell) and later of the republic. Originally formed as a combination of blue and red—the colors of Paris—with the royal white. White cockade - French army or royalist. Other countries and armies at this time typically had their own cockades. Religion Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Fr. Constitution civile du clergé) - 1790, confiscated Church lands and turned the Catholic clergy into state employees; those who refused out of loyalty to Rome and tradition were persecuted; those who obeyed were excommunicated; partially reversed by Napoleon's Concordat of 1801. Cult of Reason, La Culte de la raison - Official religion at the height of radical Jacobinism in 1793-4. "Juror" ("jureur"), Constitutional priest ("constitutionnel") - a priest or other member of the clergy who took the oath required under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. "Non-juror", "refractory priest" ("réfractaire"), "insermenté" - a priest or other member of the clergy who refused to take the oath. Other terms Assignats - notes, bills, and bonds issued as currency 1790-1796, based on the and noble lands appropriated by the state. Cahier - petition, especially Cahier de Doléance, petition of grievances (literally "of sorrow"). Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (Fr. Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen - 1789; in summary, defined these rights as "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression." Flight to Varennes - The Royal Family's attempt to flee France June 20–21, 1791. The "Great Fear" - Refers to the period of July and August 1789, when peasants sacked the castles of the nobles and burned the documents that recorded their feudal obligations. Lettre de cachet - Under the ancien régime, a private, sealed royal document that could imprison or exile an individual without recourse to courts of law. "Left" and right" - These political terms originated in this era and derived from the seating arrangements in the legislative bodies. The use of the terms is loose and inconsistent, but in this period "right" tends to mean support for monarchical and aristocratic interests and the Christian order and religion, or (at the height of revolutionary fervor) for the interests of the bourgeousie against the masses, while "left" tends to imply opposition to the same, proto-laissez faire free marketeers and proto-communists. Terror - in this period, "terror" usually (but not always) refers to State violence, especially the so-called Reign of Terror. Reactionary - coined during the revolutionary era to refer to those who opposed the revolution and its principles and sought a Restoration of the monarchy. September Massacres - the September 1792 massacres of prisoners perceived to be counter-revolutionary, a disorderly precursor of the Reign of Terror. Published - May 2011	i don't know
Which pop star called of his children Moon Unit?	Whatever happened to baby Moon Unit Zappa? \| The Independent This Britain Whatever happened to baby Moon Unit Zappa? Chris Martin and Gwyneth Paltrow are calling their daughter Apple, following the celebrity tradition for unusual names. Cahal Milmo reports on how the children cope Sunday 16 May 2004 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online When Frank asked his 12-year-old daughter whether she would like a diaphragm and her own flat to have sex with boys, it was just one more unconventional moment for a child named after an astronomical measurement. Name: Moon Unit (Parents: Frank and Gail Zappa) When Frank asked his 12-year-old daughter whether she would like a diaphragm and her own flat to have sex with boys, it was just one more unconventional moment for a child named after an astronomical measurement. Moon Unit, along with her fellow siblings Ahmet, Diva and Dweezil, was one of the first in the modern era to shoulder the burden of their rock star parents' taste in outlandish monikers. She is also one of the few who has spoken freely about what she sees as the damaging effects of an alternative 1970s upbringing ranging from a strange name to the freedom to do anything she wished. Speaking after the publication of her first novel four years ago, she said: "In my house, it was a free zone. It was a be-yourself zone. We had slumber parties - but you could have sex in the house if you wanted. "I was offered a diaphragm at age 12, but I didn't know what it was for. In my 20s, I realised not everyone knew what it sounded like when their parents had sex." By the age of 18, Moon Unit was in therapy and has since frequently complained of the problems created by being the offspring of a famous mother or father. Psychotherapists say one of the most common problems for these children is coping with the expectation that they have the same talent and personality as their celebrity parent. Moon Unit said: "Professionally, having a famous dad has been nightmarish - a total hindrance. Because there's an association with my family. People think I'm wacky and they already think that before I walk in the room. "I didn't have any motivation and the result was misery," she said. "I spent hours locked away in my room. I was a complete hermit. "I really wanted to be a nun, but I'd already had sex and I hadn't been raised with any religion, so I knew that was out of the question. The problem was that my parents didn't even notice." Now aged 36, Moon Unit - who prefers to be called Moon - is a successful actress, comedian, sculptor and writer. She lives in Los Angeles. Her husband, musician Paul Doucette, said: "Her name has been part of pop culture ever since she was born. It was a news story when she was born that this crazy rock star guy named his kid Moon Unit. She is used to it. She has had it her whole life." Name: Zowie (Parents: David and Angie Bowie) Despite his pedigree in rebellion, Zowie Bowie, the eldest son of rock legend David and his first wife Angie, wasted little time in consigning to history the rock'n'roll name given to him at his birth in 1971. While at Gordonstoun, the Scottish public school attended by Prince Charles, Bowie Junior had changed his first name to Joe. Zowie, Bowie experts say, is the male version of Zoe, derived from the Greek for life. After Zowie's birth, his father, then known as the flame-haired Ziggy Stardust, wrote a song dedicated to him called "Kooks". Not content with escaping his father's taste for rhyming names, Joe also reverted to the original family surname of Jones. Apparently revelling in his anonymity as Joe Jones, he gained seven O Levels at Gordonstoun before taking A levels in London and doing a degree in philosophy at Ohio. Jones reportedly had ambitions to become an academic. But he has since pursued more creative avenues. Three years ago, residents of Clerkenwell, north London, found themselves sharing their area with a young student sporting a sheepskin jacket, a wispy beard and the name Duncan Jones. It was Zowie (aka Joe, aka Duncan) who had moved to London from Manhattan to follow a three-year course at the International Film School in Covent Garden. Name: Rolan Bolan (Parents: Marc Bolan (and Gloria Jones) His father was the androgynous permed icon of glam rock and proto-punk whose life was cut short by a tree on Barnes Common at the age of 29. When Marc Bolan, the lead singer of T Rex, died in that car crash in 1977, his son, Rolan, was not yet two years old. Unsurprisingly, he has few memories of his father. But Rolan's life has in many ways been shaped by the man who, according to rock legend, chose his son's alliterative as part of a pact with David Bowie when he called his child Zowie. Unlike Zowie, Rolan saw no reason to baulk at his comedic name. "It gave me a sense of humour," he says. "If people laughed, I laughed with them. It was the name my dad gave me and it will do for me." It is not a name that gave Rolan access to his father's millions, though. Due to an overseas trust fund set up by Marc Bolan before he met Rolan's mother, Gloria Jones, who was driving the Mini in which the pop star died, his son has been denied the royalties from hits such as "Life's An Elevator" or "20th Century Boy". Rolan, now 29, has vowed to try to unravel the trust, saying he wants to "protect my father's memory in a dignified way". But he has also insisted he wants to make his own way in life. Rolan was raised in his mother's native California and did not see any footage of his father until he was 18. "I remember spending my second birthday in the hospital with mum and, although nobody said 'your dad's dead', somehow I just seemed to know," he said four years ago. Despite his mother's reluctance to buy him a guitar as child, Rolan has ended up as a musician after periods as a jewellery store worker and a model for Tommy Hilfiger. Name: Fifi Trixibelle (Parents: Bob Geldof and Paula Yates) As one quarter of perhaps the four most exotically named siblings of recent times, the eldest daughter of Bob Geldof and Paula Yates has often found herself the subject of sly derision for her name and, since her mother's death, mawkish sympathy. Along with her sisters, Peaches Honeyblossom and Pixie, and her half-sister Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily (the daughter of Ms Yates and INXS singer Michael Hutchence), Fifi's childhood was played out against a backdrop of a bitter divorce and her mother's struggle with drugs and eventual suicide in 2000. Ms Yates is said to have chosen her daughters' ethereal names as part of her desire to give them the sort of fairytale upbringing that she would have craved for herself. Sadly, it was a wish that has not been reflected in reality. When Fifi found herself arrested for being drunk and incapable after a marathon drinking session two years ago, parts of the media eagerly leapt upon her embarrassment as proof of yet another celebrity wild child driven off the rails by parental fame and tragedy. In a magazine interview in 2001, Sir Bob described Fifi as a "great companion, fantastic fun, a gorgeous girl, though the most like in me in that she can also be uncooperative and surly. She walks like me, scowls at people like I do, is iconoclastic to a fault." According to those who know her, Fifi, 21, is a remarkably level-headed, if occasionally boisterous, young woman despite her difficult childhood. Her parents' marriage dissolved into a public slanging match when she was 12. She attended Bedgebury, the £5,000-a-term private school in Kent, and later taught in a progressive Montessori school. She has since dedicated herself to a cosy family existence - albeit with a few appearances on London's party circuit. Name: China 'god' Slick (Parents: Grace Slick and Paul Kantner) When Grace Slick, the lead singer of 1970s band Jefferson Airplane, was asked by a nurse for the name of her newborn daughter, her answer was: "god. We spell it with a small 'g' because we want her to be humble." It was a joke. Instead, she merely named her child after the world's most populous country. Name: Brooklyn Beckham (Parents: David and Victoria Beckham) Brooklyn, now five, was named after the New York borough where he was conceived. News that Posh was pregnant in 2002 sparked speculation that they would choose another name by geography. But when asked why Romeo, David said: "It's just a name we love." Names: Daisy Boo Oliver (Parents: Jamie and Jools Oliver) Jamie Oliver proved that strange names were not the unique preserve of pop stars and footballers when he announced the birth of his second child last year. The celebrity chef, whose first daughter is called Poppy Honey, explained that Boo was in fact the nickname of his wife, Jools. Name: Dandelion Pallenberg (Parents: Anita Pallenberg and Keith Richards) The daughter of Rolling Stones' paramour Anita Pallenberg and guitarist Keith Richards was born into a relationship which declined into heroin. Dandelion later changed her name to Angela, became teetotal and married a joiner. Name: Tallulah Willis (Parents: Bruce Willis and Demi Moore) Demi Moore and Bruce Willis named their first two daughters Rumer, an early 20th-century English novelist, and Scout, the narrator in To Kill a Mockingbird). They were due to name the third after blues musician Muddy Walters but changed their minds to call her Tallulah after the moll in Bugsy Malone). Name: Elijah Bob Patricius Guggi Q Hewson (Parents: Bono and Ali Hewson) The U2 singer Bono's third child was nameless for five days before his six-barrelled monicker was revealed. The Q refers to Quincy Jones, a friend of Bono, while Guggi comes from a member of the Virgin Prunes. More about:	Frank Zappa
Which Scottish city isserved by 'Riverside Airport'?	Am I Right - Weird Names of Music Performer's Children -> M Elvis Costello I know that none of these three names are weird or unusual at all, in any way. In fact, they are all extremely normal, common names that I'm sure you all hear practically every day. But Elvis Costello is my favorite musical artist of all time, which is why I love posting about him here at AmIRight. He has twin sons, Dexter and Frank, who are currently eight years old, born in 2006, with his current wife who is none other than the great jazz singer and pianist Diana Krall. He also has a much older son named Matthew from his first marriage to Mary Burgoyne. After his marriage to Mary ended in the mid-1980s and before he married Diana in 2003, Elvis was married to Cait O'Riordan, who had been the bassist for The Pogues, and they were married from 1986 until they split in 2002, but Elvis and Cait did not have any children together. T.I. Get it right. T.I. has four children King, Messiah, Deyja, and Domani. Listen to his song "Live in the Sky". He says all their names! Messiah Ya'majesty and Domani Uriah T.I. (Clifford Harris Jr.) Just correcting something I read. These are his two boys. If you need proof, read the press sheet. It's from his first cd "I'm Serious". He mentioned he had a daughter in his second cd "Trap Musik", but he never did say her name. Regardless, I think their names are unique and cute since he considers himself a king. It's only right for his kids' names to reflect how he sees them also. Messiah Ya'Majesty Harris and Domani Uriah Harris Atlanta rapper T.I. Oddly enough, I'm actually diggin' the name Ya'Majesty... and because of that, I should probably be sterilized. Girl With Two Middle Names Messiah YaMajesty Harris and Domani Uriah Harris T.I. (Clifford Harris Jr.) These are 2 different names and they are both boys. YaMajesty is Messiah's middle name. His little girl is named Deyjah and other little boy is named King. He has 3 boys and one girl!! Frank insisted his kids would always have more trouble because of their last name. Moon Unit, Dweezel, Diva Muffin Frank Zappa You wouldn't guess it by his subject matter, but apparently Frank Zappa abstained from drug use as he was very serious about music and felt that it interfered. He was just a kook! Moon Unit, Dweezil, Ahmet, Diva Zappa Frank Zappa Frank wasn't on drugs!!!!!!! concerning this names he said: "People make a lot of fuss about my kids having such supposedly 'strange names', but the fact is that no matter what first names I might have given them, it is the last name that is going to get them in trouble." Moon Unit, Dweezil, Diva Muffin	i don't know
Which terrorist group were responsible for the killing the Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics?	Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich Who murdered the athletes of the Israeli 1972 Olympic Team in Munich? A closer look at the history of Israel-Palestine conflict reveals that both the parties have done horrendous acts of terror in order to achieve their political and military goals. On September 5, 1972, five Palestinian Arabs entered the Olympic Village in Munich, Germany and were joined by three others who had gained access to the village through some means. In the 24 hours that followed, a German policeman and eleven Israelis were killed along with five Arabs. The attackers made nine Israelis hostage and demanded the release of 234 Arab prisoners from Israeli jails and two Arabs imprisoned in Frankfurt. Their demands also included giving them a safe passage out of Germany. The negotiations went on for hours between the German authorities and the Arabs after which a deal was made. The Arabs were taken to the NATO air base in Firstenfeldbruck by bus. Two helicopters were arranged there to take them to the plane which was scheduled to leave for Cairo. However, the deal was a part of rescue operation as German sharpshooters were positioned on the air base with orders to shoot the kidnappers without targeting the hostages. In what turned out to be the most dramatic and shocking act of violence, all of hostages in two helicopters were shot down in an exchange of fire between Arabs and the Germans. German police captured three of the attackers and held them in Germany. These attackers were later released when the Palestinians hijacked a Lufthansa jet on October 29 and demanded the release of prisoners of Munich incident. The attack on the Olympic Village is said to be carried out by Fatah on the orders of PLO’s leader, Yasser Arafat . However, it was later revealed that the attackers actually belonged to a group called Black September which was a faction working independently from PLO. This extremist group was of the view that PLO is not working fast enough to liberate Palestine, so it was showing off its image as a part of PLO only to damage its international standing and political interests. Israel retaliated to this incident on a more massive level. Only three days later, Israel launched an air strike with a launch of around 75 aircraft, the largest one since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Moreover, fighter bombers targeted Palestinians guerrilla members in Syria and Lebanon which killed nearly 66 while many other were badly injured. Besides this, three Syrian planes were also destroyed over the Golan Heights. All this action was called upon by the Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir who gave the instructions to kill the Palestinians who were involved in the Munich attack. These operations were called Operation Wrath of God and Operation Spring of Youth where the suspected Palestinians were spotted and killed by Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, but historians object that it mainly picked innocent civilians to unleash a new wave on terror in Palestine. 29 thoughts on “Israeli 1972 Olympic Team Murdered in Munich” Ayan says:	Black September
How is Galanthus nivalis better known?	Officials Ignored Warnings of Munich Olympics Massacre - SPIEGEL ONLINE Officials Ignored Warnings of Munich Olympics Massacre Munich Olympics Massacre Officials Ignored Warnings of Terrorist Attack Explicit warnings that a terrorist attack might take place at the 1972 Munich Olympics were ignored by German officials, according to previously classified documents seen by SPIEGEL. The new details also reveal efforts to cover up the extent of their failure to stop the brutal murders of Israeli athletes. DPA A burned-out helicopter after the deadly attack at the 1972 Munich Olympics. July 23, 2012 12:20 PM Feedback It is no secret that the German authorities' handling of the massacre of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Munich Olympics was characterized by bumbling and cover-ups . But new documents seen by SPIEGEL reveal that officials concealed even more -- and more blatant -- errors than previously thought. Indeed, there were even several warnings prior to the Games that an attack was imminent. Previously classified documents from investigative officials, embassy dispatches, and cabinet protocols released to SPIEGEL by the Chancellery, Foreign Office and state and federal intelligence agencies have revealed the lengths to which officials went to hide their mistakes. In the attack on Sept. 5, 1972, Palestinian terrorists killed 11 members of Israel's Olympic delegation, along with one German police officer. Five of the eight terrorists from the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) terrorist group called "Black September" were also killed during the botched rescue attempt by German police at the Fürstenfeldbruck military airport, where the hostages were being held in two helicopters. 'No Self-Criticism' Already on Sept. 7, just one day after the memorial ceremony for the victims took place in Munich's Olympic Stadium, a Foreign Ministry official told a special sitting of the federal cabinet what would ultimately become the maxim for both Bavarian and West German officials. "Mutual incriminations must be avoided," a protocol for the meeting reads. "Also, no self-criticism." Just how closely this advice was followed can be seen in documentation from both the federal government and the Bavarian state government, which falsely described the "precision" with which the terrorists carried out their attack. In reality, officials knew that the "Black September" members were actually so poorly prepared that they even had trouble finding hotel rooms in Munich before their attack. On the day of the attack, the Palestinians were even known to have gone right past the Israelis' apartments in the Olympic village, encountering athletes from Hong Kong on an upper level of the building instead. An "analytic evaluation" of the attack by the Munich criminal police later explicitly determined that the terrorists had "conducted no precise reconnaissance" ahead of time. But none of these details were revealed to the public. The fact that Bavarian state prosecutors in Munich were pursuing an investigation against police president Manfred Schreiber and his chief of operation on suspicion of negligent manslaughter also wasn't mentioned in the document. Clear Warnings Concrete warnings of a potential attack also went unmentioned, despite the fact that they were so clear that their dismissal remains difficult to comprehend. On Aug. 14, 1972, a German embassy officer in Beirut heard that "an incident would be staged by from the Palestinian side during the Olympic Games in Munich." Four days later, the Foreign Office forwarded the warning to the state intelligence agency in Bavaria, along with the recommendation to "take all possible available security measures" against such an attack. Security agencies didn't even register warnings that appeared in the press. On Sept. 2, three days ahead of the deadly hostage-taking, the Italian publication Gente wrote that terrorists from Black September were planning a "sensational act during the Olympic Games." Only later -- two days after the bloodbath in Munich -- was the warning put on record through a tip-off from the Hamburg criminal police. Responsible officials seem to have attempted to erase any evidence of their failures to prevent the attack, the documents show. A few days afterwards, a chief police commissioner seized information concerning 26 potential crisis scenarios for the Munich Olympics, which had been prepared by a police psychologist to aid in preparing a security concept for the games. One of the scenarios involved an attack by Palestinian terrorists at the Olympic village. When the Bavarian state intelligence agency inquired after the materials, police officials acknowledged that they had been created and discussed during preparatory seminars ahead of the Olympics, but indicated that a written record was "not available." The documents are still missing today. kla/SPIEGEL	i don't know
In which town or city is Charles Wells beer brewed?	Welcome to Charles Wells France King Arthur Lyon A traditional English pub in the heart of Lyon, the King Arthur offers an exclusive range of quality draught and bottled beers from the Charles Wells Brewery in Bedfordshire, England. A late licence at the weekend means you can keep the party going until 3am. Cross of St George Paris A traditional English pub in the heart of Paris serving Cask Marque-accredited real ale on tap. Whether you want to sample our beer-battered fish & chips and roast dinners or mix it up with the menu du jour, you're sure to find something on our menu to complement the delicious pint you've just ordered. Elephant & Castle Lyon Situated in Vieux Lyon, the Elephant & Castle offers authentic cask ale and a full kitchen serving English classics such as fish & chips, roast dinners, and our ever-changing daily specials. Be sure to enquire about the pub’s two function rooms, which make an ideal venue for birthday parties, corporate bookings or our regular beer-tasting events. Charles Dickens Bordeaux Take a stroll along Bordeaux's historic quais and you'll happen upon The Charles Dickens, a traditional English pub in the heart of France's wine-making country. Just a hundred yards from the Place de la Bourse and it's renowned Miroir d'Eau, in the lively, bohemian quartier of St Pierre. Sherlock Holmes Bordeaux The Sherlock Holmes opened its doors in July 2009 and quickly established itself as a Bordeaux institution. Located in the up and coming area of rue Judaïque , right in the centre of town. Whether you like sport, music, pool, darts, quizzes, board games or just a pint of great beer, the Sherlock Holmes has something to offer you. George & Dragon Toulouse Opened in 2007, The George and Dragon is now renowned as an appealing and distinctive addition to the city of Toulouse. Situation a short work from the Place Capitole, the heart of the city, you can be assured of a warm welcome, a great pint of beer and a lively night out. London Town Toulouse The oldest pub in the Charles Wells France, the London Town recently celebrated its twentieth birthday, having opened in 1993. It’s located in one of the city’s most popular areas, the shopping district of Carmes, and still offers a real taste of England two decades later. The Shakespeare Montpellier A cosmopolitan English pub in the heart of a young, vibrant city, The Shakespeare offers traditional ales and lagers in a sumptuous 17th Century building, just a short stroll from the bustling Place de la Comedie. Robin Hood Montpellier Opened in 2010, The Robin Hood is situated off the Place de la Comedie, a short walk through the beautiful 17th Century Jardins du Peyrou. The pub continues to go from strength to strength, cementing its reputation in Montpellier as ‘the place to be’ via a strong lineup of events, promotions and of course its fantastic team. STARFISH Bordeaux 100m away from the famous “Big Blue Bell”, right in the middle of the historical city centre of Bordeaux, the Starfish offers a large and unique range of English beers on tap and in bottles. This traditional and classy pub will seduce you. English Country Kitchen Bordeaux An ‘English bistro’ in the heart of Bordeaux, featuring the kind of dishes & desserts that we love to eat in our homeland. Sprinkle in some classic French cuisine, garnish with a great range of beers, wines, hot and soft drinks, and you’ve got the recipe for the English Country Kitchen.	Bedford
Dwayne Johnson is the real name of which wrestler turned actor?	London, England Craft Beer March 1, 2013 By Adrian Tierney-Jones In the city where porter emerged as the first beer of the industrial age, London is poised for a bigger surge in craft brewing. It’s Friday lunchtime at the Dean Swift, a smart but casual corner pub on the south side of the Thames and a few minutes’ stroll from Tower Bridge. Inside the open-space bar, the lunchtime crowd of young professionals and serious barflies scuff the battered oak floorboards as they enter in search of good food and drink. The beer is flowing: The pub has a comprehensive selection of cask, keg and bottles from both home and abroad. I go for local and order a bottle of Kernel’s Export Stout, brewed a stone’s throw away beneath a railway arch close to Bermondsey subway. Based on an 1850 recipe, this luxurious dark beer manages to blend notes of vanilla, rich chocolate liqueur and freshly ground coffee beans with an end-of-palate acidity that adds a noble and delicious contrast. It’s magnificent. Fifty years ago, if you’d have asked for a local beer in this pub, you would probably have been offered Best Bitter or Directors, both of them made at the massive Courage brewery sited just around the corner. Courage was just one of the many famous London names that endowed the city with its reputation as brewing capital of the world. London, after all, was where the first beer of the industrial age—porter—emerged, followed by its younger, more vigorous sibling, stout. Furthermore, you could also argue that London was the birthplace of what would become known as India pale ale (though its spiritual home was Burton upon Trent). So much history and at one stage so many breweries, but in the decades after World War II, most gave up the ghost and either deserted the capital for cheaper sites elsewhere or completely removed themselves from brewing (many being swallowed by larger competitors in the process). Courage’s Anchor Brewhouse (as it was known) closed in 1981 when the brewery went west in the direction of the town of Reading; it is now a block of luxury flats. Whitbread had already left in 1976—its brewery is now a conference centre. Other names that once made Londoners proud of their beery traditions also joined the rush for the exit: Truman, Charrington and Taylor Walker are among the most famous. Walk London’s streets now and their names can be occasionally seen decorating pub facades, lingering on like ghosts. London Turnaround By the start of the 21st century, only Fuller’s, Young’s and new guys Meantime, plus a handful of micros, flew the flag for independent brewing in London (though Guinness and Budweiser were produced in massive plants in the western ’burbs). The downward plunge had not yet finished, either. In 2006, Young’s closed and merged with Charles Wells in Bedford, some 50 miles north of the capital (where Courage beers are also now brewed). A year later, it was estimated that London had a mere 10 breweries and brewpubs, small beer if you consider its 5,000 pubs and the millions living and working within the city limits. (It was an ironic fact of geography that London’s brewing deficit mirrored that of a couple of other beer nation capitals—instead of Berlin we think of Munich, while Pilsen always comes before Prague.) Times change. Fast forward to 2012 and the number of breweries London hosts is now nudging 30. And, given London’s magnificent history and comparative quietness on the recent brewing front, it’s long overdue. Fuller’s continues to straddle the scene, while Meantime has had a new brewery installed, supposedly the largest new build in London since 1936. As for the newcomers, most are admittedly small outfits: Some, such as Brodie’s, London Brewing and the Florence, are twined with a pub; others, like Redemption, call home an industrial estate. Prize for most unusual location, though, goes to Tap East, which makes its beers behind a bar at the massive Westfield shopping mall in East London. Whatever the location, though, there’s a sense of innovation, excitement and pure beery bonhomie that’s not been seen in the city for a long time. Some pretty awesome beers are flowing out of the taps as well: elegant pale ales, robust IPAs, slinky lagers, boisterous bitters, ravishing wheat beers and intriguing fusions that any student of the U.S. craft beer boom would recognize (imperial Märzen anyone?). London Beers for Londoners What is behind the boom? According to Christine Cryne, organizer of the London City of Beer event during the summer of 2012, “The reduction in the price of commercial property has helped. Meanwhile, outside London there has been a terrific growth in small brewers, producing beers with different styles and all creating interest. A lot of these beers began to be seen in London, and a few people spotted the opportunity to brew London beers for Londoners.” Her view is echoed by Duncan Sambrook, founder of Sambrook’s Brewery in 2008, a decision kickstarted after he noted the lack of London-brewed beers at the Great British Beer Festival two years before. “Compared to the rest of the U.K., London was slow to embrace the craft beer revolution,” he says, “and I think that the main reason for this was simply a lack of real estate at a reasonable price.” The rise of craft beer bars with their multitude of taps, handpumps and bottles has also played its part. The Rake in Southwark was the first, followed by the likes of Craft Beer Co., Cask and Euston Tap. During 2012, Fuller’s revamped a gastro pub and unveiled its own play on the craft beer bar: As well as Fuller’s beers, the Union Tavern features many of the new London brewers. In addition, a good handful of food-oriented establishments, such as the Dean Swift, realized that a stunning selection of craft beers was a must-have complement to a robust menu of gorgeous grub. And while we’re within sniffing distance of the kitchen, let us not forget the abundance of artisanal food of all cultures available to Londoners. Those who eat well tend to want to drink well. Borough Market in Southwark is the No. 1 target for such dedicated foodies, and it’s no coincidence that the Rake set itself up here, while Kernel’s original home was also very close. Brewery founder Evin O’Riordain actually used to run a cheese stall at the market, and it was this special knowledge that took him to New York, where he couldn’t help but notice the depth of flavor and complex aroma of the craft beers he drank. This light-bulb moment led to a spot of homebrewing and then the foundation of Kernel in 2009. Very quickly, he built up a reputation for his brightly hopped IPAs, rich porters and stouts and sprightly pale ales (he was named Brewer of the Year by the British Guild of Beer Writers in 2011). Kernel’s open Saturdays in the original small railway arch (it moved to a bigger one in 2012) remain legendary. People would come to drink beer but also eat artisanal cheese and ham made by neighboring producers. “We started brewing here because this is our home,” he says. “This is where we live; this is where those with whom we want to share the beer live. It is as simple as that.” “The environment of the brewery, the environment in which we work, has a huge effect on the beer, as does being in London. So we make our brewery the best place to be in. Which makes the beer better. We surround ourselves with our community—our friends the cheese makers, ham importers, butchers, coffee roasters—because these things are also essential to our lives. They affect the beer.” O’Riordain’s sense of neighborliness and kinship with Londoners is echoed by Jasper Cuppaidge, founder of Camden Town Brewery: “Our drinkers are generally in their 20s and 30s and interested in what they buy, whether it’s shoes, sandwiches or beers. This knowing crowd of drinkers is taking things forward in London and making it a hot trend. That’s not going to disappear; it’ll only catch on and get into more places.” As beers from Kernel and Camden Town might suggest (plus many others produced by these new brewing kids on the block), the weight of influence from U.S. craft beer is hefty. However, this is not about blindly getting involved in a hop arms race or ramping up the alcohol and sticking a big beer in an old whisky barrel: It’s more about U.S. craft breweries’ freedom, the ambience that surrounds their creativity and the almost Janus-like way they make use of the great brewing traditions while looking to the future. “Yes, of course we’ve have been influenced by our transatlantic cousins for our APA,” says Jon Swain at Hackney Brewery (which started in 2011). “I love the highly hopped, rich beers they produce, but I also love a traditional British classic best bitter. We produce one to remember where we have come from and update it a little. Our golden ale is about trying to blend the gap between lager and ale and hopefully convert lager drinkers to nice ale.” London’s a hip world city, and naturally the breweries’ branding is also smart and striking. For instance, Camden Town’s is almost percussive in the way the bold words and vibrant colors leap off bottle labels and keg fonts; Kernel opts for a more minimalist approach. London Fields offers a nod to Fritz Lang-style expressionism, and Redchurch goes for a clean, crisp look. Rock ’n’ Roll Brewmasters One of the newest breweries is Beavertown in the East London borough of Hackney; its Lilliputian kit is tucked away close to the kitchen at Duke’s Brew and Que, formerly an old boozer that is now the home of classic ribs, juicy burgers and great craft beer. Brewmaster and co-founder is Logan Plant, whose father is Robert, formerly of Led Zeppelin. Like Dad, Logan was a singer in a rock ’n’ roll band that toured the world, and he was always keen to try the local brews. It was only when he was in Brooklyn savoring some of the local craft beer that he had an epiphany. “After coming off stage, a local hipster directed me to a late-night joint where numerous ales flowed and pulled pork was served until the early hours,” he tells me. “Three lashings of pork later and half a yard of ale down my neck, I knew that this was it! All that nonsense of note taking and gargling beers from all over the world suddenly hit me between the eyes. I had found my calling!” Beers brewed by Plant include Neck Oil, based on the sweetish session ales of the English Midlands, 8 Ball Rye IPA, which Plant describes as “a massive nod to the U.S.,” and Smog Rocket. The latter is a fabulous smoked porter with a creamy palate, subtle smoke notes and mocha and chocolate in the background. While at Duke’s, I also tried one of his Alpha series of experimental beers, an American pale ale that has been brewed with the Summit hop. It’s a big blast of beer with an almost savory note on the nose that is also joined by an abundance of grapefruit. It’s bitter but also beatific in the way it blesses the beer with a massively tangy and sweet, overwrought citrus character followed by the sort of bitter finish that’s like a dream you never want to end. “Our Alpha series will range from pale ales to saisons, imperials, exports, browns, stouts and anything we can stick on the bar at Duke’s to stimulate and educate people with,” Logan says. “It offers no boundaries, which is like looking into the void with regards to brewing. Scary!” Pride of London Amid all these young breweries with their rock ’n’ roll brewmasters and plates of pizza (Crate Brewery exists side by side with a pizzeria), let’s not forget Fuller’s and Meantime. The latter go from strength to strength. Under the tutelage of Alastair Hook, they produce a variety of great lager styles (as well as porter, pale ale and IPA). I was recently wowed by their Friesian Pilsner, a crisp take on Jever. It has a bitter lemon bite and a Saaz-led hoppiness that leaves footprints in the mouth. Its inspiration might be northern Germany, but it’s a London beer. The same goes for the brewery’s Chocolate Porter, Pilsner and London Lager. Undisputedly, the beer most associated with the capital is Fuller’s London Pride, the brewery’s flagship beer, a bittersweet pale ale with an exquisite balance between citrus orange and fresh, crisp cracker-like notes on the palate. However, as well as a full range of beers that appeal to more conservative palates, Fuller’s has also brewed an intriguing selection of bottled beers with recipes from its archives. Called the Past Masters series, the first two were XX Strong Ale and Double Stout, both of late 19th-century origin. The most recent, the third in the series, was Old Burton Extra, based on a 1931 recipe. Respect for Fuller’s is immense among the new brewers. “Fuller’s is an institution in London,” says Jon Swaine at Hackney, “and this rise in awareness of other London breweries will only draw attention to their legacy and influence on modern beers.” Redemption’s Andy Moffat is also a big fan: “I am always captivated listening to experienced brewers such as Fuller’s John Keeling and Derek Prentice recounting stories of days gone by and passing on their extensive knowledge and appreciation of beer.” Brewmaster John Keeling, who comes from the northern city of Manchester, where he started his brewing career, has certainly gone native. He is a passionate advocate of London beer and for him this renaissance has its links in the worldwide craft beer movement, though he also feels that the total abdication of the larger brewers in the city left a vacuum that demanded to be filled. “London needs industry,” he says. “It cannot become a city of banks and pubs. Not only is that depressing, it is against the character of the city.” Keeling’s latest beer is Wild River, an intensely hoppy U.S.-influenced beer. Could this possibly be the start of a new London style, a modern-day porter in the sense of being a true London beer? “The modern London style will evolve,” Keeling says. “Just like in the U.S., all styles will be fair game for the London brewer. We will put our own interpretation onto these styles. I dare say it will not be the over-the-top style of the U.S. but a more restrained response.” As various brewers speak about the future of London beer, there’s a guarded confidence. They all express a sense of pride in being part of this movement, though some offer a word of caution. “London will never become again what it once was,” says Evin O’Riordain. “London can certainly sustain a lot more growth, in terms of breweries and good places to get good beer. In terms of London as the dominant center of brewing for the country, I’m not sure this will happen, and if it did, it would probably be due to people shouting louder about London. The effect/influence of some of the London breweries on the wider U.K. environment is not necessarily anything to do with the fact of them being in London. But, of course, it might well do.” Andy Moffat shares some of these concerns: “I think there is the risk that the growth feels stronger than it is because there is a passionate minority who shout about it through social networking, etc. Sometimes when we are in the bubble, we may think Joe Public is also as interested and passionate about beer as we are. But in reality, London is a big city with real ethnic diversity, and I wonder if the beer scene sometimes feels bigger than it really is. I still know plenty of wine drinkers who would not touch Jacob’s Creek but happily swig Foster’s. In our immediate vicinity of Tottenham, any form of beer scene has yet to emerge.” On the other hand, if you want ebullient optimism, Logan Plant is your man: “London is one of the biggest, most vibrant and stylish cities in the world. It will sustain anything if enough people believe in something, and a lot of people believe in having a good time and trying new things. Those people also like to, in typical British fashion, get behind the small guy, and that’s what we craft micros are. Honest, caring folk, creating an amazing product that people love and support wholly. It’s a great to speak to so many people who can talk about your beers for five minutes picking out the finer characteristics of the malts and hops you’ve used. I love it; it’s a buzz!” The surge of London breweries is seemingly unstoppable, but that hasn’t meant those involved in the London brewing revolution/renaissance are snapping at each other from their respective barricades. Beer swaps are common, so you will find Kernel’s bottles in Duke’s Brew & Que or beers from Redemption, London Fields and Camden alongside Fuller’s at the Union Tavern. Brewing collaborations are de rigueur, while the London Brewers’ Alliance brings together everyone within Greater London (as well as honorary members Windsor & Eton). According to the Alliance’s secretary, Steve Williams, “It aims to unite those who make local beer with those that love it, and represent the vibrant heritage and contemporary scene of beer brewing in the great city of London.” London is indeed calling. Adrian Tierney-Jones Adrian Tierney-Jones is a U.K.-based journalist who writes about beer and pubs; he is editor of 1,000 Beers You Must Taste Before You Die.	i don't know
Which French Impressionist painter, famed for his portrait 'The Bar At The Folie Bergere', was born in Paris in 1832, and died of a gangrenous leg in 1883?	Where Paris - April 2015 by Where Paris - issuu Mini Crosby Carryall in pink ruby coach.com WP COACH.indd 1 Welcome to Paris the team \| where PariS 35 rue des Mathurins 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (0)1 43 12 56 56 Fax: +33 (0)1 43 12 56 57 WHERE PARIS PROJECT IS ENDORSED BY PUBLISHER and General manager A LETTER FROM THE EDITOR He is one of the world’s most famous designers and most daring, having dressed the world’s pop princesses, Kylie Minogue and Madonna, in his iconic designs. Now Jean Paul Gaultier’s native city is honouring his talents with a retrospective at the Grand Palais and our cover feature delves you into this not to be missed exhibition. Pascal Tranchant* Tel: +33 (0)1 43 12 56 42 EDITOR Sandra Iskander* GROUP ART DIRECTOR Tim Benton ART EDITOR Shelley Varley DESIGNER Grant Pearce PRODUCTION MANAGER/london Melanie Needham SENIOR PRODUCTION ASSISTANT Jennifer Bourne PRODUCTION ASSISTANTs Richard Darani, David Weeks CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Alexander Lobrano, Patricia Valicenti* Designer and production Manager Céline Février* GRAPHIC DESIGN MANAGER Laura Zaharia* Fashion Photographer Luigi Di Donna Shopping Maps Illustrator Aline Zalko Meanwhile, Paris’s famous Lido cabaret has just reopened its doors to the public with a whole new show to discover. Make sure you turn to page 12 to discover the colourful and entertaining revue that will have the audience enchanted. Visiting the fashion capital is never complete without giving your credits cards a good workout and in this issue’s Shopping Guide we bring you all the latest must-have accessories, beauty products and of course our Weekend in Paris photo shoot to get you ready for the warmer weather. In our Arts & Attractions pages you will find the best exhibits not to be missed while visiting the city, including the In the Time of Klimt exhibition being held at the Pinacothèque of Paris. Meanwhile, in our Entertainment section discover The Black Legends who are playing at Folies Bergère and if you are looking for a fun cocktail bar then make sure you check out Badaboum. SALES DIRECTOR Jean-Louis Roux-Fouillet [email protected] advertising - SENIOR account manager Corinne Durant* advertising - account manager Guillaume Prevel* Publicité secteur Marché de l’Art HELIUM Publicité Tel: 01 48 01 86 86 [email protected] Publicité secteurs Vins, Champagnes, Automobile PUBLIPERFORMANCES Tel : 09 64 10 57 35 [email protected] DISTRIBUTION AND HOTEL SERVICES MANAGER Suzanne Tang* Marketing & communication coordinator Jennifer Groult* OFFICE MANAGER Anne-Marie Dancy* E-MAIL FOR ALL OF THE ABOVE [email protected] MORRIS VISITOR PUBLICATIONS MVP i EUROPE maNAGING DIRECTOR EUROPE Chris Manning And for our readers who love dining out and experiencing the culinary delights the French capital has to offer do not miss our Dining Guide with the month’s round-up including the recently opened Les Chouettes and Auberge du Moulin Vert for traditional French fare. We hope you enjoy this issue and your stay in Paris. MVP i EXECUTIVE President Donna W. Kessler MVP i CREATIVE CHIEF CREATIVE OFFICER Haines Wilkerson DESIGN DIRECTOR Jane Frey CREATIVE COORDINATOR Beverly Mandelblatt MORRIS COMMUNICATIONS Chairman & CEO William S. Morris III President William S. Morris IV Plan ahead for your next visit to Paris, subscribe to Where® Magazine : Annual 12 issues €80 (France), €96 Europe, €132 (outside Europe). Contact : Anne-Marie Dancy Tel : +33 (0)1 43 12 56 41 E-mail : [email protected] Sandra Iskander [Editor] Edité par Where Paris SNC. Société en nom collectif constituée le 26 mai 1993 au capital de €1.725.795. Durée 99 ans. 391 247 251 RCS PARIS. Représentant légal: Chris Manning. Tirage: 51,000 (OJD 2014). N° de ISSN: 1241-8625. Dépôt légal: avril 2015. Reproduction interdite sauf accord préalable. Where® Magazine makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information it publishes, but cannot be held responsible for any consequences arising from errors or omissions. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Where® is a registered trademark of Morris Visitor Publications. where PariS supports: Published by the Visitor Publications division of Morris Communications Company, LLC 725 Broad St., Augusta, GA 30901 6 WHERE Pa r i s I a p r i l 2015 WP APR MASTHEAD.indd 6 THE PARIS ADDRESS FOR WATCHES 12, boulevard des Capucines, Paris 9e \| bucherer.com WP BUCHERER.indd 1 15_0011_BUC_Ann_WHERE.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:28 29.01.15 10:39 HOT DATES Discover the best of this month in Paris wednesday 1 A Day at the Circus La Villette is hosting a Circus Festival through to the 12th of April with over 10 different acts taking centre stage. Tonight you can catch Compagnie Kiaï’s show, Off, a contemporary take on a traditional circus act that features a round trampoline, a contortionist, a hip-hop dancer, an acrobat and a clown. Tickets at Fnac. La Villette, 211 ave Jean-Jaurès (19th), 01 40 03 75 75 8 WHERE Pa r i s I A p r i l 2015 WP APR HOT DATES.indd 8 12/03/2015 12:23 PARIS THIS MONTH Thursday Thursday 24 A New Cabaret Be the first to discover Lido’s new revue, tuesday which promises to be mind-blowingly colourful and glamorous. Turn to page 12 for more information on the new show. 3 Easter Egg Hunt Happy Birthday Eliana xx; La Villette © Daniel Michelon; Lido © Dragone; Easter Egg © Thinkstock This Easter weekend the Château de Vaux le Vicomte is organising a fun Easter egg hunt for the whole family. Enjoy a day trip to the impressive château and take part in the hunt for the 85,000 chocolate eggs that are hidden all around the château’s French garden. Treasures are also to be discovered, including a romantic evening to be won for the adults and Leonidas chocolate for the little ones. Visit www.vaux-le-vicomte.com for all additional information or call 01 64 14 41 90. Sunday saturday to monday 4-6 Easter Sunday This Easter bite into chocolatier Patrick Roger’s carefully crafted dark and milk chocolate chickens. Available in five different sizes there is a chicken for every level of your chocolate addiction. Found at all Patrick Roger boutiques including 3 place de la Madeleine (8th), 01 42 65 24 47 w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 9 WP APR HOT DATES.indd 9 12/03/2015 12:24 PARIS THIS MONTH Wednesday 8 Swan Lake Watch the famous ballet at Opera Bastille as the legendary story of Odette, the princess who was turned into a swan by an evil sorcerer’s curse, is told to the beautiful choreography of Rudolf Noureev and the music of Tchaikovsky. Place de la Bastille (12th), 08 92 89 90 90 Trade Shows & Art Fairs Wed-Sun 1-5 PARIS BEAUX-ARTS This show organised by the French Union of Antique Dealers brings together a refined selection of paintings, sculptures and the decorative arts. Some 80 prestigious art galleries and art dealers from both France and abroad will be presenting their most beautiful objects to the general public. A host of creative disciplines are on the agenda including paintings, antique jewellery, manuscripts and contemporary art. The show is open from 11am to 8pm and until 10pm on the 2nd. Le Carrousel du Louvre, 99 rue de Rivoli (1st) Sat-Sun 4-5 CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE DU DISQUE DE COLLECTION This record fair is the place to be for record album collectors, pop, rock, disco and folk fans and music lovers in general. It is a great place to find that record to complete your collection. The show is open from 10am to 6:30pm. www.jukeboxmag.com. Espace Champerret, Place de la Porte de Champerret (17th) saturday Thurs-Sat 9-11 LE SALON DU RUNNING Enjoy an old-fashioned cocktail at Victoria 1836’s Chivas bar before dinner at the restaurant. Inspired by 1930’s cocktails, the Glory Coalition is a sweet mix of whisky and gin, flavoured with dry fruit and citrus fruits. Turn to page 73 to read more about the restaurant. Tuesday 21 Photos of Paris Take in the captivating free exhibit, Paris Magnum, held at the Hôtel de Ville. The photo exhibition brings together the works of Magnum Photos agency’s photographers, which include Robert Capa, Elliott Erwitt and Henri Cartier-Bresson and showcases the city of Paris and its people as captured by them including Robert Capa’s photo of Pablo Picasso in his studio. Salle Saint-Jean, 5 rue Lobau (4th) Friday Of Mice and Men Catch Marcel Duhamel’s adaption of John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men tonight at Théâtre du Palais-Royal. Directed by Anne Bourgeois, the play tells the story of migrant ranch workers, George and Lennie, who during the Great Depression in the United States of America move around in search of work. A tale of friendship, Of Mice and Men is based on Steinbeck’s experience as a bindle-stiff in the 20s. 38 rue de Montpensier (1st), 01 42 97 40 00 10 This athletic show brings together 200 exhibitors from the world of running. The show is geared towards all runners from professionals, to beginners and joggers. A daily fashion show is held featuring the latest fashion trends for running. The show is open from 3pm to 8pm on the 9th, 10am to 8pm on the 10th and from 9am to 8pm on the 11th. www.runningexpo.fr. Paris Expo, blvd Victor, Porte de Versailles (15th) Sat-Sun 18-19 SALON CHIENS CHATS This show presents diverse breeds of dogs and cats as well as offering educational tools to understand your pet. The show also showcases the latest in leashes, collars, baskets, travelling bags and all of the accessories your dog or cat has ever dreamed of. Visitors may not bring their own pets to the fair. The show is open from 10am to 7pm and until 6pm on the 19th. www.salonchienschats.com. Espace Champerret, Place de la Porte de Champerret (17th) Fri-Sun 24-26 SALON INTERNATIONAL DU LIVRE RARE, DE L’AUTOGRAPHE, DE L’ESTAMPE ET DU DESSIN This show reveals treasures of our collective cultural heritage through books, manuscripts, engravings, drawings and photographs. The special guest of honour this year is the Prefecture de Police, presenting a selection of its archives and objects from its museum. The fair turns the Grand Palais beneath its glass dome into what could be the largest bookstore in the world. The show is open from 11am to 9pm and until 8pm on the 26th. www.salondelestampeparis.fr. 3 ave Général Eisenhower (8th) Wed-Thurs 29-30 FOIRE DE PARIS This vast fair, swinging into its 110th year, is the greatest place in Paris to shop for just about anything. There are unique items for the home, for sport and leisure, well-being as well as fashion and food from around the world. The Concours Lépine International, the international invention competition, is held during the fair. The show is open from 10am-7pm. www.foiredeparis.fr. Paris Expo, blvd Victor, Porte de Versailles (15th) Swan Lake © Ann Ray/Onp; Magnum © Robert Capa; Of Mice and Men © Photo Lot 12 10 WHERE Paris I april 2015 WP APR HOT DATES.indd 10 12/03/2015 12:24 LAPERLA.COM 20 RUE DU FAUBOURG SAINT HONORÉ 2 CARREFOUR DE LA CROIX ROUGE / ANGLE RUE DE GRENELLE WP LA PERLA.indd 1 LaPerla_Where_Magazine_FR_210x297_April_dailydesign.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:30 27/02/15 10.11 Photos © Lido-Dragone F eathers and fun, glitter and the glamorous, a magical world unfolds at the top of the Avenue des Champs-Elysées at the Lido cabaret, a crown jewel in the panoply of Parisian legend and lore and mystique. The original Lido was inaugurated in 1928, a few doors down from its present location. Back in the roaring twenties it consisted of an artificial beach, a swimming pool, live background music and gondolas just like the celebrated Venetian beach, and in 1936 it was transformed into a theatre. Among the milestones in the house’s history was the only performance on a French stage from Laurel and Hardy back in 1947, the arrival of the Bluebell Girls in 1948 and a live show by Shirley MacLaine in 1979 broadcast on American television. The Lido moved to its current location in 1977 when a panoramic theatre hall was created and machinery, unique in Europe, was installed, giving rise to fabulous features including a skating rink, a swimming pool and fountains. After a 10-year run and over 7000 performances applauded by more than five million spectators, the show Bonheur came to a close at the end of last year and the theatre underwent a complete renovation. And this month, on April 2nd, the curtain will rise to reveal the new show at the Lido to the joy of Parisians and visitors to the French capital alike. Companies and craftsman, decorators, costume makers, producers and entertainers have been working behind the scenes for months to prepare a revue in which audacity, poetry and power merge together to make for an unforgettable experience. “My ambition is to continue the great story that is the Lido by creating dreams and wonder,” explains Nathalie Bellon–Szabo, the president of the Lido of Paris who travelled the world to find the creator to conceive the new revue at the Lido and the choice settled finally on one of the great Las Vegas directors, Franco Dragone. “By producing this show on the most beautiful avenue in the world, I wanted to go beyond the limits of my dreams,” says Franco Dragone. The show, he explains, “is a journey into the Paris of marvels, an enchanted rediscovery of the capital where we follow a young woman who leaves her room beneath the rooftops to gradually work her way up to becoming the leader of the revue at the Lido.” “It will be the Lido version of the Lido, not the Dragone version,” says Dragone. “Above everything else I based it on the soul of the place, its history, its previous revues. We don’t re-enchant the future by completely taking away the past. One needs to be modest, the star of the Lido must be the revue, not those who conceived it,” he explains, adding that he wants “to give the spectators memorable images, like the ball gowns in optical fibre that sparkle in the blue of the Lido.” Meanwhile, the sets have been designed by the award-winning designer Jean Rabasse who has put into play everything from the swimming pool to the skating rink. The audience will watch as some of the set decors transform right in front of them like the iced over fountain, which will suddenly bubble with the sap of springtime. And through a new and innovative shadow and light play and videos, the audience will encounter the sensation of space multiplied threefold. The Lido’s iconic staircase will alternatively embrace Art Déco, the Belle Epoque and Pop Art. “It is about taking the hand of the members of the audience one by one, and leading them along with us, not in front of the show but into the show,” says Mr Rabasse. And you can count on glamor for the 600 costumes designed by Nicolas Vaudelet. Vaudelet, who worked in French couture for a number of years, has created a series of ballroom dresses in fibre optics, others covered with different shades of blue crystals and a giant crinoline for the leader of the revue beneath which the 12 Lido boys will hide. And the Lido being the Lido, feathers abound: ostrich, peacock, rooster and pheasant embellished with ink and varnish. “I worked for a very long time in couture and it is this Parisian characteristic that I want to infuse into this “It is about taking the hand of the members of the audience one by one, and leading them along with us.” show. Audacious chic,” says Mr Vaudelet. Choreographer Benoit-Swan Pouffer auditioned over 500 dancers from London to Paris and Berlin to New York to choose the finest forty among them. “The casting was draconian: the rhythm of this new show involves serious performing for the dancers,” said the choreographer who has himself danced on stages all over the world. And the glorious Bluebell girls, 45 all tolled, are still there. “Still so grand, still so beautiful, but thoroughly in their time, that is my vision of the Bluebell,” says Mr Pouffer. Lido 116bis ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01 40 76 56 10 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 13 WP APR LIDO.indd 13 12/03/2015 13:38 Jean Paul Gaultier Crystalware by Benito and The Carpe Koï bracelet watch from Van Cleef & Arpels (opposite page) 14 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP APR Gaultier feat.indd 14 12/03/2015 13:44 Jean-Paul Goude, Jean Paul Gaultier, Made in Mode 2012 © Jean-Paul Goude A landmark exhibition showcasing the French fashion designer’s iconic designs is underway at the Grand Palais. His corsets, skirts for men, the unforgettable cone bra and the marinère, the blue and white striped jersey, all remain engraved on the landscape of French fashion. Structured and or avantgarde, elegant and non-conformist are just a few of the descriptions that can be applied to the creations of the French couturier, Jean Paul Gaultier, regarded as one of the most important fashion designers in recent decades and an imminent figure on the French cultural horizon. Raised in a modest family in the Parisian suburb of Arcueil, Mr Gaultier had no formal training, but instead began sketching his own designs, drawing two collections a year, which he sent out to Parisian fashion houses. Pierre Cardin hired him on his 18th birthday and the extraordinary Gaultier journey began. He began in ready-to-wear in 1976 before founding his own haute couture house in 1997. The press would call him the enfant terrible of the fashion world and at times the atypical rolled down his runway shows. The exhibition, devoted to the designer, showcases the world of visionary fashions and technical virtuosity created by Gaultier. His superbly created garments draw inspiration from the diversity of global cultures. The show, created in Montreal in 2011, has already captivated millions and has travelled to Dallas, San Francisco, Madrid, Rotterdam, Stockholm, New York, and London and all the way to Melbourne. The French capital is the venue for the 10th leg of the show, which has been enriched with installations specially designed for Paris. The exhibition was mounted by the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, which initiated the show, with France’s Réunion des Musées Nationaux – Grand Palais, in collaboration with the Maison Jean Paul Gaultier in Paris. The show provides a look into his visionary fashions, his technical virtuosity and renowned skill in tailoring, as well as the open-minded vision of society that he offers, bolstered by the unique blending found in his couture. It is a society in which people are free to be themselves underscored by a mix of cultures, aesthetics and genders, a case in point being his men’s skirt, worn in certain cultures but clearly not widespread in the West. The exhibition, which Gaultier regards as a creation in its own right, a new collection, rather than a retrospective, brings together 175 haute couture as well as ready-to-wear outfits designed between 1976 and 2014. The w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 15 WP APR Gaultier feat.indd 15 12/03/2015 13:44 celebrated French hairstylist and designer Odile Gilbert, who designed the memorable styles for Kirsten Dunst in Marie Antoinette, have even created extraordinary hairstyles for each mannequin sporting Gaultier’s creations throughout the show. Numerous objects, documents and archives are being shown to the public for the very first time as well, and sketches, stage costumes and footage from films, fashion shows and concerts, video clips, dance performances and even television shows are all on the agenda, illustrating the designer’s most emblematic partnerships with filmmakers like Pedro Almodóvar, Peter Greenaway and Luc Besson, dancers and choreographers like Angelin Preljocal and Maurice Béjart and pop stars Madonna and Kylie Minogue. The embroidered net dress with large white linen cutout motifs worn by Kylie Minogue on the X Tour 2009 tour is slated to be on display as are the gold corset in luscious lamé and the bodycorset sported by Madonna during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Superb fashion photography is on hand too, with published and often unpublished prints by celebrated contemporary photographers including Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, Peter Lindbergh, David LaChapelle, Richard Avedon and Mario Testino among a host of others. On show is the distinctly tribal shot of Laetitia Casta, Vladimir McCary and Jenny Shultz by Ellen von Unwerth wearing pieces from the “Tatouages” or Tattoo collection from Gaultier’s ready-to-wear women’s spring/summer 1994 collection, clearly underscoring his influences from other worlds, and there is a divinely whimsical portrait of Mr Gaultier himself all painted by Jean-Paul Goude but perhaps the most touching photograph is a family photo taken circa 1958 of the designer, then a little boy with his arms around his grandmother, Marie. The multi-media show at the Grand Palais celebrates at once the daring and the inventiveness of Gaultier’s avant-garde fashion. The show explores the eclectic, impertinent sources of inspiration in a thematic approach dividing his imaginary world into seven sections, ranging from Paris streets to science fiction. There is a Drawing Room section, and then the Odyssey section, which for instance Paolo Roversi, Kristen McMenamy, rue de la Goutte d’Or, Paris, 1994, Collection French Cancan; Prêt-à-porter Femme, automne-hiver, 1991-1992 © Paolo Roversi; Emil Larsson, Madonna, 1990, Body-corset porté par Madonna, Blond Ambition World Tour, 1990, Publié dans Dazed & Confused, avril 2008 © Emil Larsson; Peter Lindbergh, Jean Paul Gaultier, 2005, © Peter Lindbergh Jean Paul Gaultier 16 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP APR Gaultier feat.indd 16 12/03/2015 13:47 looks at the “founding myths” of the Gaultier universe notably the sailor, a virile figure and the mermaid, a figure that incarnates grace and feminine seduction. The designer’s predilection for the striped shirt, his emblem, dates from his childhood. “I have always liked the graphic, architectural aspect of the stripe. My mother dressed me in navy sweaters, they go with everything. It’s a basic, a garment that will probably never go out of style. There were several influences, Coco Chanel, Pablo Picasso wore it but so did Popeye and Tom of Finland. But it was the film Querelle by Rainer Fassbinder (1982) that turned it into my fetish garment,” he says. A section of the show is devoted to the “Muses”. The designer is known for using unusual models in his shows and is attracted to beauties that are not classically so. He ran the following classified ad in the French daily newspaper Libération in 1987: “Non Conformist designer looking for atypical models, the facially disfigured need not abstain.” Through his choice of models and muses he contributed to the opening up of the standards of beauty. He organised informal casting calls to complement the choices of professional modelling agencies. He was the first to work with androgynous models like Teri Toye, the first transgender model in the 1980s and Eve Salvail with her shaved and tattooed head. Atypical and surprising personalities have also appeared in his shows, notably the singer Beth Ditto, Boy George and the winner of the Eurovision song contest, Conchita Wurst. Meanwhile, the Urban Jungle section looks at how the garments by Gaultier incarnate the dialogue between cultures, origins and ethnic groups beyond geographical limits, religious beliefs and language barriers. One finds boleros, Mongolian jackets, kimonos, flamenco skirts and African masks combined with elements and materials representative of the Gaultier wardrobe like the corset, leather, vinyl and sequins. He clearly likes what is different and cultivates it. He erases borders, creates hybrids midway between the urban world and wild places, tradition and modernity, the animal and refinement. He brings together everything that he likes, he mixes, blends, collects and transgresses then synthesises it into a single garment. The exhibition will run through to August 3rd Grand Palais Clemenceau entrance 3 ave du Général Eisenhower (8th), 01 44 13 17 17 A Glimpse into a Fashionable History Born in Arcueil on April 24th, 1952, he discovered the world of Parisian fashion notably through the film Falbalas, Paris Frills in English, in which the actress Micheline Presle wore costumes by the great French fashion designer Marcel Rochas. Gaultier created his first corsets with conical bras for his teddy bear, Nana who is part of the exhibition. He began his professional career with Pierre Cardin in 1970 as a studio assistant. After working with Jean Patou in 1972 and 1973 he founded his own firm with the help of his companion Francis Menuge. His first ready-to-wear show (spring/summer 1977) was held in the whimsical setting of the planetarium inside the Palais de la Découverte in Paris. The nine models that strode down the runway wore clothing made with fabric purchased at the celebrated Parisian fabric store, the Marché Saint Pierre. His landmark Dadaïsme collection brought in the first corset ensembles while Et Dieu Créa l’Homme (And God created Man), the men’s ready-to-wear spring/ summer 1985 collection introduced the now famous skirt for men, which would become a classic and a great success with three thousand skirts being sold during the season. Meanwhile, in New York in 1985 the iconic movie Desperately Seeking Susan premiered with Madonna wearing a white corset dress from his women’s spring/ summer 1985 collection entitled Une Garderobe Pour Deux (A Wardrobe for Two). And in 1986 the first Jean Paul Gaultier store opened in the picturesque Vivienne covered passageway in Paris. He would go on to create more than 150 costumes for Madonna’s Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990 and in that same year, on a more local level, the costumes for the show of the great French accordionist Yvette Horner at the Casino de Paris. Madonna would put the designer once again into the spotlight in 1991 at the Cannes Film Festival where she presented In Bed with Madonna. She walked up the monumental staircase wearing a white satin conical bra and a pink cape by Gaultier. His first couture collection would come out in 1997 and in 2003 Hermès named him creative director for women’s ready-to-wear. He collaborated with the house until 2010 and in 2014 he stopped doing ready-to-wear in order to concentrate on couture. He has often designed costumes for shows, concerts, ballets and films and continues to do so today, this year, for example, for the play Innocence by Denis Marleau performed at the prestigious Comédie-Française. Gaultier has also played some interesting roles not directly in the world of fashion. He co-hosted the cult and highly successful French television show Eurotrash from 1993 until 1997 and in 2012 became the first fashion designer to be a member of the jury of the Cannes Film Festival during which he wore an elegant, dressy man skirt. w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 17 WP APR Gaultier feat.indd 17 17/03/2015 10:57 For Her \| For Him \| For the Home \| Department Stores \| Beauty Products Photo © Luigi Di Donna Find a wardrobe fit for a weekend in Paris on page 26. Ines wears a Sportmax shirt (www.sportmax.com), Bally skirt (www.bally.fr), Tod’s bag and sunglasses (www.tods.com), and a Lalique ring (www.lalique.com) 18 WHERE PA R I S I A P R I L 2015 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 18 17/03/2015 10:58 SHOPPING For Her Accessorise with Art Deco Anna Rivka’s recently opened boutique in the heart of the French capital is an ode to Art Deco, a décor aptly chosen as the designer’s line of jewellery is greatly influenced by the elegance of the genre. All handmade here in Paris, her jewellery collection features bracelets, hair accessories and rings including this bowtie-shaped ring from her Monsieur collection. Anna Rivka Boutique 27 rue de Richelieu (1st), 09 81 04 61 53 Fancy Heels Inspired by vintage, designer Frederick Foubet Marzorati has created a line of elegant shoes for his brand Fred Marzo, which brings a complementary mix of modern and classic designs. Using the finest of materials, including python, crocodile and lambskin, his shoes are all handmade in France and feature a distinguishing red line that runs down the back of the shoe and down the heel. His latest collection for the warmer season brings sexy curves to the foot with killer heels and a lot of colour to highlight and elongate every lady’s strut. Fred Marzo Boutique 11 rue de Thorigny (3rd), 01 42 78 37 24 Priscilla Goes Pink Corto Moltedo’s Priscilla bag has been given a makeover for the Spring/Summer collection. One of the brand’s popular designs, the Priscilla bag has always been ideal for every fashionista who wants to stand out in the crowd, and this season it has been injected with a dose of extra colour and detailing for extra fashion star power. The new version of the bag features delicate weaving and sexy gold studs to highlight and bring out the striking hot pink colour of the soft leather. A classically on-trend accessory to take you from day shopping to evening drinks. Corto Moltedo Boutique Jardin du Palais-Royal 146-148 Galerie de Valois (1st), 01 49 27 97 91 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 19 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 19 12/03/2015 14:29 SHOPPING For Her Longchamp on the Champs It’s the most famous avenue in the world, aligned with chic cafes and fashionable boutiques, and now the Champs-Elysées has added another stylish reason to stroll along it. Longchamp, the French luxury leather goods maison, recently opened its latest flagship boutique at number 77 of the Parisian avenue and over two floors shoppers are invited to discover the house’s latest collections. In the spacious boutique you will find women’s handbags, men’s bags and luggage as well as the house’s iconic Pliage bag. Longchamp Boutique 77 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01 53 76 27 76 A Parisian Collection Comptoir des Cotonniers Boutique 19 rue Pavée (4th), 01 44 59 67 31 Longchamp photo © Longchamp Does anything say you are in Paris more than leisurely strolling through the Jardin du Luxembourg? The answer is a delicate no, and with that French ready-to-wear brand Comptoir des Cotonniers has dipped into the French capital for inspiration for its Spring/Summer 2015 collection. Casual, sophisticated and forever effortlessly chic, everything about Paris has been transformed into a quintessentially Parisian wardrobe for the lady about town. Delicately pleated skirts, floral dresses and geometric detailing all make up the easy-to-wear pieces. 20 WHERE PA R I S I A P R I L 2015 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 20 02/15 © La Vallée Village 2015 THE PERFECT TREAT Treat yourself to more than 110 luxury outlet boutiques, seven days a week: Armani · Diane von Furstenberg · Jimmy Choo · Longchamp · Michael Kors Paul Smith · Moncler · Roberto Cavalli · Salvatore Ferragamo Sandro · Tod’s · Tumi · Ugg · Vanessa Bruno and many more Easy access from Paris with our Shopping Express ® shuttle: six daily departures from Place des Pyramides, Etoile/Porte Maillot and Place du Trocadéro For more information, visit LaValleeVillage.com/shoppingexpress L A V ALLEE V ILLAGE.COM LA VALLÉE VILLAGE IS ONE OF THE CHIC OUTLET SHOPPING ® COLLECTION OF VILLAGES IN EUROPE AND CHINA EUROPE BICESTER VILLAGE LONDON KILDARE VILLAGE DUBLIN LA VALLÉE VILLAGE PARIS WERTHEIM VILLAGE FR ANKFURT INGOLSTADT VILLAGE MUNICH MAASMECHELEN VILLAGE BRUSSELS FIDENZA VILLAGE MIL AN LA ROCA VILLAGE BARCELONA LAS ROZAS VILLAGE MADRID CHINA SUZHOU VILLAGE SUZHOU SHANGHAI VILLAGE SHANGHAI (OPENING OCTOBER 2015) * Minimum reductions of 33% and often more on the recommended retail price of previous seasons’ collections. Non-EU residents are entitled to a tax refund of at least 12% on purchases of more than €175 per boutique. WP VALLEE VILLAGE.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:31 SHOPPING For Him Presidential Pens Montblanc has released the special edition John F. Kennedy 1917 in homage to the late American president. Limited to 1917 pens, marking the year of Kennedy’s birth, the special edition collection includes a fountain, ballpoint and rollerball pens. Inspired by Kennedy’s love of sailing, the fountain pen features a gold buoy on its tip, designed after Victura, his sailboat, while all three pens feature the colours of the American flag, red, white and blue, in honour of the president serving as a marine. The pens also feature the iconic initials, JFK, as well as Kennedy’s presidential campaign statement, “A time for greatness”, which is engraved around the lids. Montblanc Boutique 152 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01 44 20 07 70 Skipper’s Time Both yachting enthusiasts and experienced sailors can appreciate the Oyster Perpetual Yacht-Master II, a unique regatta chronograph from Rolex. This handsome watch features an exclusive function developed by Rolex, a programmable countdown with a mechanical memory that can be synchronised on the fly. Precise timing is essential during the crucial starting sequence of a regatta and this function is perfect for the undertaking. Despite its technical complexity, it is very simple to use. The Yacht-Master II features a countdown that can be programmed from 1 to 10 minutes and allows skippers to precisely time and follow each race’s specific official starting procedure. Optimal protection from water, dust, pressure and shock is provided by the watch’s robust Oyster case, and the watch is waterproof to 100 metres (330 feet). The watch is equipped with calibre 4161, a self-winding mechanical chronograph movement entirely developed and manufactured by Rolex. Comfort and security are also on the agenda with the watch’s bracelet outfitted with an Oysterlock safety clasp, designed and patented by Rolex, that prevents accidental opening, and the bracelet’s Easylink comfort extension link, also exclusive to Rolex, allows the wearer to increase the bracelet length by about 5 millimetres. The watch offers a power reserve of approximately 72 hours. - P.V. Boutique Rolex 56 rue de Rennes (6th), 01 53 63 00 50 22 WHERE PA R I S I A P R I L 2015 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 22 12/03/2015 14:57 PARIS \| 38 Boulevard des Italiens \| Tel. +33 1 402.299.82 \| 112 Boulevard Saint-Germain \| Tel. +33 1 463.306.68 FOR YOU, AN EXCLUSIVE PROMOTION AT OUR STORES IN PARIS -10%* -12%* UP TO PROMOTION VALID TILL 31/12/15 TERMS & CONDITIONS -10% STORE DISCOUNT * EXCLUSIVELY FOR FOREIGN INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMERS UPON PRESENTATION OF A VALID FOREIGN PASSPORT. Please show this page to the cashier with your passport. The 10% discount is applicable in all Boggi stores in Paris. The tax refund is applicable on your discounted purchases. This 10% discount cannot be accumulated with other discounts, nor claimed once payment has been made. UP TO -12% TAX REFUND ** For the residents outside the European Union. The total amount of your purchases must be over Euro 175,01 and the tax refund form must be completed the same day of your purchases. WP BOGGI.indd 1 210x297 WWHERE PARIS Aprile.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:32 03/03/15 13:48 SHOPPING For Him Python Paces French sportswear brand Le Coq Sportif’s popular Arthur Ashe shoe has had a change of skin with the release of the Pack Python. The leather tennis shoe features a python print, a first for the brand, which has never featured a print on the popular shoe before. The Pack Python shoe is available in two versions, an all-over python print version and a more discreet brown leather version with just a simple python print detailing on the back. Available at Galeries Lafayette Vibrant Vicomte French ready-to-wear brand Vicomte A. has always been inspired by bright colours of jockey uniforms and this season the tradition continues with vibrant hues taking centre stage. Cotton polo shirts, madras shorts and cashmere sweaters make up the preppy look that coolly mixes elegance with rebellion by injecting fuchsia, turquoise and emerald green into straight-laced-cut items. Vicomte A. Boutique 16 rue Vieille du Temple (4th), 01 42 78 11 07 Vintage Inspirations Fred Perry’s Men’s Authentic spring/summer collection takes inspiration from the brand’s archives to bring the Fred Perry man elegant sportswear for the new season. Graphic detailing, added texture and retro colours bring a new take to the fashion label’s classic items including this knitted shirt, which has adopted a single tipped collar and features an original archive print. Fred Perry Boutique 26 rue des Rosiers (4th), 01 42 76 04 80 24 WHERE PA R I S I A P R I L 2015 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 24 SHOPPING Fashion A weekend IN PARIS Photographer: Luigi Di Donna Stylist: Joanna Kalinski Hair Stylist: Robin Navarro-Harraga (B4 Agency) Make-Up Artist: Julie Mandin Models: Ines from VIP Models and Corentin Richard from Elite Paris Post Production: Marc Martinon Fashion & Production Editor: Sandra Iskander Location: Hotel Provinces OpĂŠra WP APR SHOPPING.indd 26 12/03/2015 15:38 Cacharel crop top and shorts (Available at Galeries Lafayette) Sophia Webster shoes (Available at Le Bon MarchĂŠ) Louis Quatorze bag (www.louisquatorzeparis.fr) WP APR SHOPPING.indd 27 12/03/2015 15:38 Ines wears Mac Douglas crop top (www.mac-douglas.net) Sportmax skirt (www.sportmax.com) Chopard earrings and ring (www.chopard.fr) Loris Azzaro bag (www.azzaro-couture.com) Fendi sunglasses (Available at GrandOptical) Corentin wears Hackett shirt and sweater (www.hackett.com) and drives a 2015 Morgan Plus 4 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 28 12/03/2015 15:45 Ralph Lauren dress (Exlusively at Printemps) Christian Louboutin shoes (eu.christianlouboutin.com) Longchamp bag (www.longchamp.com) Fendi sunglasses (Available at GrandOptical) Leica camera (www.leica-camera.com) Chopard ring (www.chopard.fr) WP APR SHOPPING.indd 29 Marella jumpsuit (.marella.com) Lalique cuff bracelet (www.lalique.com) Giuseppe Zanotti shoes (www.giuseppezanottidesign.com) Salvatorre Ferragamo bag (www.ferragamo.com) WP APR SHOPPING.indd 30 12/03/2015 15:49 Mac Douglas trench coat (www.mac-douglas.net) Moschino bag (Exlusively at Printemps) Maison Fabre golves (www.maisonfabre.com) Chaumet watch (www.chaumet.fr) Christian Louboutin shoes (eu.christianlouboutin.com) Samsonite suitcase (www.samsonite.fr) 2015 Morgan Plus 4 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 31 12/03/2015 15:49 Ines wears Christian Dior dress (www.dior.com) Chaumet bracelets (www.chaumet.fr) Giuseppe Zanotti clutch bag (www.giuseppezanottidesign.com) Corentin wears Dior Homme shirt (www.dior.com) Brioni jacket (www.brioni.com) WP APR SHOPPING.indd 32 12/03/2015 15:55 Faconnable shirt and jacket (www.faconnable.com) Dior Homme pants (www.dior.com) Hackett leather bag (www.hackett.com) Tumi cotton and leather bag (www.tumi.com) Yves Saint Laurent glasses (www.ysl.com) Piganiol umbrella (www.piganiol.fr) 2015 Morgan Plus 4 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 33 Shopping For the Home Artisanally French Discover authentic French craftwork at La Tuile à Loup, the quaint boutique specialising in traditional handmade items, pottery and glassware from all over France. Here you can find a beautifully glazed ceramic dish or an intricately woven basket created by talented French artisans from different regions from around the country, making for a special gift for yourself or a friend, bringing a little bit of France with you back home. La Tuile à Loup Boutique 35 rue Daubenton (5th), 01 47 07 28 90 Creative Designs Alessi, the Italian homeware brand, is known for its selection of modern pieces for the home, which range from colourful to quirky to sleek. Working with an impressive list of designers including Rodrigo Torres, Massimo Giacon and Philippe Starck, Alessi brings creative design to everyday practical utensils. Next time you want to sweeten your cereal, instead of using a normal honey spoon try serving it with a honey dipper, designed by Miriam Mirrim for Alessi the dipper features a honeycomb-shaped facetted ball balancing on a spoon. And instead of waiting for the water to boil for your next cup of tea, let the kettle sing out to you when the water is ready thanks to the Michael Graves designed kettle that features a bird that sings once the water starts boiling. And for your next tea party brighten up your table with Massimo Giacon’s Le Fiabe figurines inspired by popular fairy tales including Alice in Wonderland. Alessi Boutique 31 rue Boissy d’Anglas (8th), 01 42 66 31 00 Art de la Table The art of dining is one of the most appreciated pastimes amongst the French and with proper manners comes the proper silverware. The right silverware can take a simple meal from just dinner to a whole new dining experience where the art of setting a table lends itself to the meal, creating a more luxurious culinary moment. Argenterie de Turenne, a boutique in the Marais specialising in silverware, notably antique pieces, is where you will find beautiful silverware and tableware to bring a touch of aristocracy to your dining room. The boutique offers precious pieces that include antique teapots, cutlery, serving trays and candelabras that will beautifully put the final decorating touches to any dining table. Argenterie de Turenne Boutique 19 rue de Turenne (4th), 01 42 72 04 00 34 WHERE Paris I A pril 2015 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 34 * Joyeux PRINTEMPS.COM Printemps launches the festivities for its 150 th anniversary and celebrates rebirth and renewal by transforming Printemps Haussmann department store into an incredible garden of attractions. 400 BRANDS OFFERING 1000 EXCLUSIVE CREATIONS Unique creations for a unique event! Luxur y fashion, beauty and homeware brands created exclusive pieces for the 150 th anniversar y of Printemps: Accessories, watches, jeweller y, women’s, men’s and children’s readyto-wear, decorative objects and furniture, and also perfume and beauty products, that make up 1000 desires and 1000 exclusive pleasures. ANIMATED FLORAL FACADE Imagined as the setting for nature renewal, the façade of Printemps Haussmann is adorned with an incredible, luminous floral invasion. Made with no fewer than 5,500 flowers including roses, cherr y blossoms and hydrangeas, it moves to the rhy thm of a ballet of lights composed of flashes and LED lighting in white, pink and red. WINDOW DISPLAYS THAT ARE WORKS OF ART For its Anniversar y, Printemps has invited 11 artists from France and abroad to interpret the 11 legendar y windows of the department store on Boulevard Haussmann. Each artist presents his or her vision of the floral event, and each window display showcases the exclusive Anniversar y edition products created for this ver y special occasion. ALL CHOCOLATE IN THE ATRIUM La Maison du Chocolat fills the heart of Printemps Haussmann with aromatic pleasures and delightful flavours in a decor designed especially for the celebration, adding chocolate to the floral invasion of this 150 th anniversar y celebration. A PLACE OF CELEBRATION Come to Printemps Haussmann to meet our mascot Rose, ambassador of this festive event with flower-adorned head celebrating the arrival of spring. The “Happy 150 Printemps” celebration continues with a major program of events: photocall with Rose, gourmet kiosks on Boulevard Haussmann, candy-floss and sweet tastings galore, musical animations, and many more surprises to discover… FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT WWW.PRINTEMPS.COM 50 00 LE CARROUSEL DU LOUVRE PRINTEMPS HAUSSMANN This elegant and luminous shopping centre overlooking the Seine houses a fine selection of chic and elegant boutiques devoted to clothing, accessories and the home, along with food shops, restaurants and a cinema. This environmentally friendly complex has a green roof welcoming a bird refuge, beehives and green walls. Mon-Sat 10am-9pm. Cinema and Restaurants: Mon-Sun 10am-midnight. Art, beauty, technology, leather goods and more are found under the famous inverted pyramid at the Louvre in the Carrousel du Louvre. A unique shopping venue, it brings together a collection of boutiques that are opened every day of the year. 10am – 8pm, even on Sundays. 12 rue Linois (15th). M° Charles Michels GALERIES LAFAYETTE Printemps’ exquisite world of Luxury and Accessories, spread out over 3 floors, plays host to a splendid collection of luxury houses and the most sought-after labels. Printemps de l’Homme, the very first to dedicate an entire shop to men, houses six floors of menswear and a men’s salon. International Designers, an entire floor dedicated to trendy new designers, is home to prestigious fashion designers with the space created by fashion visionary Maria Luisa Poumaillou. Printemps de la Beauté features two floors of products and beauty supplies as well as a spa and beauty salon. La Scent Room is a unique concept that offers only exclusive luxury brands that you won’t find anywhere else. Printemps de la Mode is one floor entirely dedicated to shoes while Printemps de la Lingerie carries 80 labels . On the 6th and 7th floors of the Printemps Beauty/Home store are fashions for children. BHV/MARAIS A department store known for its great homeware selection and appliances as well as a good selection of top brand names for women and children. Mon, Tues, Thurs, Fri 9:30am – 7:30pm, Wed 9:30am – 9pm, Sat 9:30am – 8pm. BHV Homme – a shop exclusively dedicated to men (36 rue de la Verrerie). 14 rue du Temple (4th), 01.42.74.90.00. M° Hôtel de Ville LE BON MARCHE 99 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.43.16.47.10. M° Palais Royal – Musée du Louvre This elegant department store carries top brands including Chanel and Chloé. There’s a wonderful lingerie department, a children’s concept store, restaurants, wine bars and a tea room as well as a cosmetics and perfume section. Lafayette Homme – A separate building housing men’s fashion and accessories. Lafayette Maison & Gourmet-(Across the street) a home décor shop and delicious gourmet offerings. Mon – Sat 9:30am – 8:00pm, Thurs until 9 pm. 40 blvd Haussmann (9th), 01.42.82.34.56. M° Chaussée d’Antin-La Fayette One Nation Paris The oldest department store in Paris and the only one on the Rive Gauche. Extremely chic, with a great selection of ready-to-wear, household goods, cosmetics and lingerie, all under a lovely glass roof. And the entire basement floor is dedicated to men. Mon-Sat 10am – 8pm, Thurs & Fri until 9pm. With 90 boutiques, this is the largest outlet shopping centre in France featuring luxury and fashion brands including emblematic houses like Cacharel. Clothing for the whole family, accessories, lingerie and home ware are all on the agenda. A shuttle bus service is available, reservations required. Daily 10am-8pm. 24 rue de Sèvres (7th), 01.44.39.80.00. M° Sèvres-Babylone 1 ave du Président Kennedy, 78340 Les Clayes sous Bois, 01 72 87 90 11. SNCF from Montparnasse direction Plaisir Grignon, get off at Villepreux Les Clayes Mon – Sat 9:35am – 8pm, Thurs until 8:45pm. 64 blvd Haussmann (9th), 01.42.82.50.00 M° Havre-Caumartin LA VALLEE VILLAGE A village-like shopping outlet on the city outskirts offering discounts of up to 60% on a hundred luxury labels including Armani, Burberry, Tumi and Ralph Lauren. Mon – Sun 10am – 7pm. Shopping Express Shuttle bus departs from the centre of Paris twice a day at 9:30am and 12:30pm. 3 cours de la Garonne, 01.60.42.35.00. RER A4 to Val d’Europe (about 35min). w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 35 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 35 Shopping Beauty Turn Back Time Without a Trace Leaving no trace of make-up, Diptyque’s Nourishing Cleansing Balm is every woman’s dream come true, one product for your face and eyes to use at the end of the day ridding you of all your day’s make-up in just a few minutes. When applied and massaged into the skin the balm quickly transforms into oil that smoothly wipes away all make-up, even thick lashings of mascara. The balm leaves the skin clean and feeling very soft as though you have just had a facial, so soft in fact that you will almost feel no need to use a night cream to moisturise your skin. Help keep wrinkles and stretch marks at bay with StriVectin’s cult product, SD Advanced. The new formula includes NIA-114, the patented form of Niacin that penetrates to the epidermal layer of the skin, and the Collagex-CE Wrinkle Repair Complex, creating a moisturising cream that reduces the length and depth of lines and wrinkles, and targets youth collagen and elastin to promote younger looking the skin. The advanced formula also helps minimise the appearance of stretch marks, making it a double threat to your problem areas on your face and body. Available at Sephora Available at all Diptyque boutiques including 34 blvd Saint-Germain (5th), 01 43 26 77 44 An Overnight Treatment Ahava’s new Time to Smooth line of skincare targets the first signs of aging and its night cream is a standout product. With jojoba oil and Aloe Vera extracts, the nourishing night cream feels like applying light whipped cream to your face. Aiming to hydrate your skin, reduce wrinkles and give your skin a more even tone, the cream’s voluptuously creamy texture is easily absorbed into the skin, leaving it moisturised and ready for the intense repair treatment it will get while you sleep. Available at Citypharma 26 rue du Four (6th), 01 46 33 20 81 36 WHERE Paris I A pril 2015 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 36 12/03/2015 16:07 An Olfactory Holiday Celebrating the 25th anniversary of the house’s iconic Cerruti 1881 perfume for him, Cerruti has released a limited edition take on the scent that captured the smell of holidaying in the Italian countryside in spring, this time taking gentlemen to the sea. With notes of mandarin, bergamot and the refreshing notes of mint, the new Cerruti 1881 Edition Blanche is a crispy and refreshing scent that takes you on an olfactory sunkissed, Mediterranean trip. Available at Marionnaud A New Do’ A massage chair, a chic ambiance and talented hair colourist David are all waiting for you at the new Alexandre de Paris hair salon in the very chic 6th arrondissement on the Left Bank. If you are looking for a new hair colour, David is our colourist of choice. Carefully listening to what you want and advising you on what would work best, he will leave you with a perfect shade to complement your skin tone before treating you to an amazing head massage when washing your hair. And for a haircut, Jean-Noël, the salon’s hairdresser, will treat you to a neck massage to help your neck “recover” from being tilted backwards during your hair being washed before skilfully cutting your hair and beautifully framing your visage. If you are looking to be pampered like a princess and looking to update your look this new hair salon should be on your radar. 1 place Saint-Sulpice (6th), 01 43 29 07 26 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 37 WP APR SHOPPING.indd 37 SHOPPING SHOPPING Vintage Advertorial Vintage Advertorial Timeless Renaissance Timeless Renaissance On the Left Bank, where the real Parisian style lingers, Corinne On the Left Bank, where theRenaissance. real Parisian The styleelegant lingers,vintage Corinne Than-Trong invites you to Than-Trong invites Renaissance. Theyour elegant vintage boutique is ideal if youyou areto looking to update wardrobe with boutiquepieces. is idealHaute if youCouture are looking to update your wardrobe with timeless dresses await alongside previously timeless pieces. Hautejewellery Couture dresses awaitis alongside previously loved bags and ornate pieces. This a great address for all loved bags and of ornate jewellery pieces. This a great for all vintage lovers Chanel, Dior, Hermès, YSL, is Pucci andaddress Balenciaga. vintage lovers of Chanel, Dior, Hermès, YSL, Pucci and Balenciaga. 14 rue de Beaune (7th), M° Rue du Bac / +33 685 430 352 14 rue de Beaune (7th), M° Rue du Bac / +33 685 430 352 www.renaissancevintageparis.com www.renaissancevintageparis.com facebook.com/Fashion Vintage Paris facebook.com/Fashion Vintage Paris L’Ibis L’Ibis Rouge Rouge This beautiful and original boutique in the heart of Saint Germain This beautiful original boutique in the heart of Saint and Germain des Prés offersand a unique array of vintage couture fashion des Prés off ers a unique array of vintage couture and jewellery including pieces by Chanel, Lanvin, YSL fashion and Dior. jewellery including by Chanel, Lanvin,alligator YSL andbags Dior.and You will also find a fipieces ne selection of vintage You will also find a fine selection of vintage bagsdesigners. and contemporary jewellery pieces from Frenchalligator and foreign contemporary jewellery pieces from French and foreign designers. Tuesday to Saturday 12-7pm. Tuesday to Saturday 12-7pm. 35 Blvd Raspail (7th), M° Sèvres-Babylone 35 +33Blvd (0)1Raspail 45 48 98(7th), 21 M° Sèvres-Babylone +33 (0)1 45 48 98 21 [email protected] [email protected] facebook.com/L’Ibis Rouge facebook.com/L’Ibis Rouge Paris Paris Flea Flea Market Market Also known as the Puces de Saint-Ouen Also known as the Puces de Saint-Ouen or Clignancourt from its location north of or Clignancourt location north ofthe Montmartre, thisfrom is theitscity’s (some claim Montmartre, this is the city’s (someflea claim the world’s) largest and most famous market, world’s) and most famous flea and market, offering largest everything from used books off eringjackets everything from used books and leather to precious antique jewellery leather jackets to precious and Louis XVI furniture, in aantique series ofjewellery different and LouisDon’t XVI furniture, in by a series of diff markets. be put off the rows oferent markets. Don’t be put by the rows of Flea tacky stands under theoff overpass; the real tacky under the overpass; the real Flea Marketstands lies beyond them. Market lies beyond them. Sat-Mon, 9:30 am-6:30pm. Sat-Mon, 9:30 am-6:30pm. 142 rue des Rosiers, Saint-Ouen 142 rue des walk Rosiers, Saint-Ouen (10-minute from Porte de Clignancourt) (10-minute walk from Porte de Clignancourt) BOUTIQUES NOT TO MISS WITHIN THE FLEA MARKET BOUTIQUES NOT TO MISS WITHIN THE FLEA MARKET Olwen Forest Forest 110Olwen rue des Rosiers 11001rue Rosiers 40des 11 96 38 01 40 11 96 38 Paul Bert Serpette Paul Bert Serpette 96-110 rue des Rosiers 96-110 rue11des 01 40 54Rosiers 14 01 40 11 54 14 Aux Tresors de Babeth Aux Babeth 129Tresors rue desdeRosiers 12906rue Rosiers 48des 62 47 74 06 48 62 47 74 38 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP VINTAGE SHOPPING.indd 1 shopping For more detailed listings \| wheretraveler.com/paris Acaba - 41 rue des Petits Champs (1st), 01.71.72.96.45. M° Pyramides Alfred Dunhill - 15 rue de la Paris (2nd), 01.42.61.57.58. M° Opéra Le Carré d’Encre - 13bis rue des Mathurins (9th), 01.53.05.81.61. M° Havre-Caumartin Leica Store - 105-109 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01. 77.72.20.70. M° Saint-Philippe du Roule Misterchrono - 23 rue Danielle Casanova (1st), 09.53.42.04.64. M° Opéra Montblanc - 152 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.44.20.07.70. M° George V Swarovski - 32 place de la Madeleine (8th), 01.42.65.28.10. M° Madeleine S.T. Dupont - 58 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.45.61.08.39. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Vertu - 18 rue Royale (8th),01.42.86.56.66. M° Madeleine BeAuty spAs & products L’Artisan Parfumeur - 2 rue de l’Amiral- Coligny (1st), 01.44.88.27.50. M° Pont Neuf Espace Weleda - 10 ave Franklin D. Roosevelt (8th), 01.53.96.06.15. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Jovoy Paris - 4 rue de Castiglione (1st), 01.40.20.06.19. M° Tuileries Guerlain - 68 ave des Champs-Élysées (8th), 01.45.62.52.57. M° George V Lancôme - 29 rue du Fbg-St-Honoré (8th), 01.42.65.30.74. M° Madeleine Les Comptoirs de Durance - 24 rue Vignon (9th), 01.47.42.04.10. M° Madeleine L’Occitane - 55 rue St-Louis en L’Ile (4th), 01.40.46.81.71. M° Pont Marie M.A.C. - 76 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.53.76.05.99. M° George V Marionnaud Paris - 104 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.53.96.50.00. M° George V Serge Lutens - 142 Galerie de Valois (1st), 01.49.27.09.09. M° Palais Royal Sephora - 70-72 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.53.93.22.50. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Trandline - 64 rue Pierre Charron (8th), 01.44.13.88.88. M° George V children’s clothing & toys Bonpoint - 6 rue de Tournon (6th), 01.40.51.98.20. M° Mabillon Catimini - 15 rue Tronchet (8th), 01.44.71.06.23. M° Madeleine Jacadi - 17 rue Tronchet (8th), 01.42.65.84.98. M° Madeleine De Fursac \| Clothing: Men & Women (2nd) Joué Club - 3-5 boulevard des Italiens (2nd), 01.53.45.41.41. M° Tuileries Miki House - 366 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.40.20.90.98. M° Tuileries Petit Bateau - 116 ave des Champs-Élysées (8th), 01.40.74.02.03. M° George V Tikibou Toy Store - 33 blvd Edgar Quinet (14th), 01.43.20.98.79. M° Edgar Quinet clothing: Men & WoMen Anne Fontaine - 17 rue François 1er (8th), 01.40.73.78.01. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Banana Republic - 22 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.53.89.03.92. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt BCBGMAXAZRIA -14 blvd de la Madeleine (8th), 01.43.12.55.20. M° Madeleine Beretta Gallery - 57 rue Pierre Charron (8th), 01.56.88.59.59. M° George V Boggi - 38 blvd des Italiens (9th), 01.40.22.99.82. M° Opéra Capelstore - 26 blvd Malesherbes (8th), 01.42.66.34.21. M° Madeleine Carven - 34 rue St Sulpice (6th), 09.60.45.47.04. M° Mabillon Cerruti 1881 - 27 rue Royale (8th), 01.53.30.18.72. M° Madeleine Chanel - 31 rue Cambon (1st), 01.44.50.66.00. M° Concorde De Fursac - 34 ave de l’Opéra (2nd), 01.53.43.05.00. M° Opéra Dior - 30 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.40.73.73.73. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt DSquared2 - 247-251 rue Saint-Honoré (1st), 01.71.93.60.00. M° Concorde Edgard Vermont - 120 rue Fbg Saint-Honoré (8th), 01.42.25.34.35. M° Miromesnil Emanuel Berg - 140 rue du Fbg Saint-Honoré (8th), 01.53.75.48.01. M° Saint-Philippe-du-Roule Fendi - 51 ave Montaigne (8th), 01 49 52 84 52. M° Franklin Roosevelt Hervé Léger - 24 rue Cambon (1st), 01.42.60.02.00. M° Madeleine iBlues - 16 rue de Passy (16th), 01.42.88.68.67. M° Passy Karl Lagerfeld - 194 blvd Saint-Germain (7th), 01.42.22.74.99. M° Rue du Bac Kenzo - 27 blvd de la Madeleine (8th), 01.42.61.04.14. M° Madeleine Lacoste - 37 blvd des Capucines (2nd), 01.42.61.58.20. M° Opéra Lanvin- 22 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.44.71.31.73. M° Concorde Le Mont Saint Michel - 96 rue Vieille du Temple (3rd), 01.42.74.86.07. M° Filles du Calvaire Levi’s Store - 76 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th) , 01.53.53.05.70. M° Georges V Maison Kitsuné - 52 rue de Richelieu (1st) , 01.42.60.34.28. M° Pyramides Marella - 18 place de la Madeleine (8th), 01.53.30.73.13. M° Madeleine Marina Rinaldi - 20 rue Royale (8th), 01.42.86.10.90. M° Madeleine Montagut - 90 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.40.17.05.73. M° Concorde Mulberry - 207 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.42.60.00.64. M° Tuileries Rowena Forrest - 23 rue du Cherche-Midi (6th), 01.42.65.25.46. M° Sèvres-Babylone Saint Laurent - 53 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.53.83.84.53. M° Franklin Roosevelt eye WeAr Francis Klein - 30 rue Bonaparte (6th), 01.44.07.04.28. M° St-Germain-des-Prés GrandOptical - 138 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.40.76.00.13. M° George V Italia Independent - 47 rue du Four (6th) , 01.42.22.40.34. M° Saint-Sulpice fABrics: couture Janssens & Janssens - 3 rue d’Anjou (8th), 01.42.65.04.00. M° Concorde hoMe decor Baccarat - 11 place des États-Unis (16th), 01.40.22.11.22. M° Boissière Boutique Talents - 26 ave Niel (17th), 01.44.40.22.80. M° Pereire/Ternes Bernardaud - 11 rue Royale (8th), 01.47.42.82.66. M° Madeleine Christofle - 9 rue Royale (8th), 01.55.27.99.13. M° Concorde Gien - 18 rue de l’Arcade (8th), 01 42 66 52 32. M° Madeleine Lalique - 11 rue Royale (8th), 01.53.05.12.12. M° Madeleine Silvera - 56-58 ave Kléber (16th), 01.53.65.78.78. M° Kléber La Tuile à Loup - 35 rue Daubenton (5th), 01.47.07.28.90. M° Censier-Daubenton Zwilling - 12 blvd de la Madeleine (9th), 01.42.68.88.00. M° Madeleine JeWellery & WAtches A. Lange & Söhne - 19 rue de la Paix (9th), 01.42.65.68.71. M° Opéra Jacadi \| Children’s Clothing & Toys (8th) De Frusac © Cyrille Robin; Anne Fontaine ©Gabriel Kowalski Accessories 40 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP SHOPPING LISTINGS.indd 2 Address Book De Frusac © Cyrille Robin; Anne Fontaine ©Gabriel Kowalski Angela Caputi Giuggiu - 15 Galerie Véro-Dodat (1st), 01.40.39.01.51. M° Louvre-Rivoli Arije - 3 rue de Castiglione (1st), 01.42.60.37.77. M° Tuileries Bénédikt Aïchelé Joaillier - 7 rue du Pont Louis-Philippe (4th), 01.44.54.03.03. M° Saint-Paul Boucheron - 26 place Vendôme (1st), 01.42.61.58.16. M° Opéra Bucherer - 12 blvd des Capucines (9th), 01.70.99.18.88. M° Opéra Bvlgari - 25 place Vendôme (1st), 01.55.35.00.50. M° Pyramides Cartier - 23 place Vendôme (1st), 01.44.53.32.20. M° Opéra Chopard - 1 place Vendôme (1st), 01.55.35.20.10. M° Opéra Damiani - 2 place Vendôme (1st), 01.42.96.95.51. M° Opera DoDo by Pomellato - 350 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.42.60.31.55. M° Tuileries Dubail - 21 place Vendôme (1st), 01.42.61.11.17. M° Tuileries Gas Bijoux - 26-28 rue Danielle Casanova (2nd), 01.42.97.58.80. M° Opéra Gucci Watches - Printemps Haussmann (1st floor), 64 bd Haussmann (9th), 01.42.82.78.74, M° Havre-Caumartin Harry Winston - 6 rue de la Paix (2nd), 01.47.20.03.09. M° Opéra Hublot - 10 place Vendôme (1st), 01.42.86.67.86. M° Opéra Inedit Joaillier - 14 rue de l’Abbaye (6th), 01.56.24.13.85. M° St-Germain-des-Prés Omega - 362/364 rue Saint-Honoré (2nd), 01.55.35.03.60. M° Concorde Panerai - 5 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré (8th), M° Concorde Patek Philippe - 10 place Vendôme (1st), 01.42.44.17.77. M° Tuileries Piaget - 16 place Vendôme (1st), 01.58.18.14.15. M° Tuileries Rolex - 9 place Vendôme (1st) , 01.40.20.21.00. M° Opéra Tiffany&Co. - 6 rue de la Paix (2nd), 01.40.20.20 20. M° Opéra Tissot Boutique - 76 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.42.56.18.53. M° George V Van Cleef & Arpels - 22 place Vendôme (1st), 01.55.04.11.11. M° Opéra Vhernier - 63 rue du Fbg Saint-Honoré (8th), 01.40.17.93.15. M° Miromesnil Waskoll - 19 rue de la Paix (2nd), 01.44.71.98.94. Mº Opéra Wempe - 16 rue Royale (8th), 01.42.60.21.77. M° Concorde lingerie By Marie - 8 ave George V (8th), 01.53.23.88.00. M° George V Agent Provocateur - 12 rue Cambon (1 ), st 01.42.61.79.54. M° Madeleine Cadolle - 4 rue Cambon (1st) , 01.42.60.94.22. M° Madeleine Eres - 2 rue Tronchet (8th), 01.47.42.28.82. M° Madeleine La Perla - 20 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.43.12.33.50. M° Concorde Maison Lejaby - 5 rue Royale (8th), 01.42.65.06.77. M° Concorde luggAge And BAgs Cesaire - 6 rue Saint-Florentin (1st), 01.42.97.43.43. M° Concorde/Madeleine Coach (available at Printemps) - 64 blvd Haussmann (9th), 01.42.82.46.35. M° Havre-Caumartin Delvaux - 151-154 Galerie de Valois (1st), 09.67.19.93.28. M° Palais Royal Dot-Drops - 8 rue des Canettes (6th), 01.43.54.62.15. M° Mabillon Fauré Le Page - 21 rue Cambon (1st), 09.82.50.92.30. M° Madeleine Goyard - 233 rue St. Honoré (1st), 01.42.60.57.04. M° Tuileries Hedgren - 49 rue Cambon (1st), 01.42.36.36.97. M° Madeleine Hermès - 24 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.40.17.47.17. M° Concorde Kipling – 4 rue de Sèvres (6th), 01.45.44.77.67. M° Sèvres-Babylone Lancel - 127 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.56.89.15.70. M° George V Longchamp - 404 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.43.16.00.16. M° Concorde Louis Vuitton - 101 ave des Champs-Élysées (8th), 01.53.57.52.00. M° George V Louis Quatorze - 106 rue Vieille du Temple (3rd), 01.42.72.94.43. M° Filles du Calvaire Moynat- 348 rue St. Honoré (1st), 01.47.03.83.90. M° Tuileries Mulberry - 207 rue Saint-Honoré (1st), 01.42.60.00.64. M° Tuileries Pinel & Pinel - 22 rue Royale (8th), 01.42.60.58.39. M° Madeleine Prada - 10 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.53.23.99.40. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Anne Fontaine \| Clothing: Men & Women (8th) Multi-BrAnd Boutiques Citadium - 56 rue de Caumartin (9th), 01.55.31.74.00. M° Havre-Caumartin Colette - 213 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.55.35.33.90. M° Tuileries L’Eclaireur - 26 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.45.62.12.32. M° George V Merci - 111 blvd Beaumarchais (3rd), 01.42.77.00.33. M° Saint Sébastien-Froissard Montaigne Market - 57 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.42.56.58.58. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt shoes Altan Bottier - 11 rue Lincoln (8th), 01.45.63.77.59. M° George V Ann Tuil - 63 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.42.25.67.31. M° George V A.Testoni - 15 rue Royale (8th), 01.44.60.09.90. M° Concorde Berluti - 26 rue Marbeuf (8th), 01.53.93.97.97. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Christian Louboutin - 68 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.42.68.37.65. M° Madeleine Crockett & Jones – 14 rue Chauveau-Lagarde (8th), 01.44.94.01.74. M° Madeleine Edward Green – 199 bis blvd Saint-Germain (7th), 01.53.63.47.50. M° Rue du Bac Jimmy Choo –34 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.47.23.03.39. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt J.M. Weston – 114 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.45.62.26.47. M° George V Repetto - 22 rue de la Paix (2nd), 01.44.71.83.12. M° Opéra Robert Clergerie - 5 rue du Cherche-Midi (6th), 01.45.48.75.47. M° Rennes Tod’s - 21 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré (8th), 01.53.43.16.16. M° Concorde Walter Steiger - 83 Faubourg St-Honoré (8th) , 01.42.66.65.08. M° Miromesnil vintAge Dépôt Vente de Passy - 14 rue de la Tour (16th), 01.45.20.95.21. M° Passy Didier Ludot - 20 & 24 Galerie de Montpensier (1st), 01.42.96.06.56. M° Pyramides L’Ibis Rouge - 35 blvd Raspail (7th), 01.45.48.98.21. M° Sèvres-Babylone Renaissance - 14 rue de Beaune (7th), 06.85.43.03.52. M° Rue du Bac Chopard \| Jewellery & Watches (1st) w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 41 WP SHOPPING LISTINGS.indd 3 12/03/2015 16:15 JEAN-PAUL GOUDE POUR AUBERTSTORCH. GLH 572 062 594 RCS PARIS. WELCOME DESK - TOURIST TAX REFUND - FASHION SHOWS PRIVILEGED WELCOME & VIP SERVICE - GOURMET STORE & RESTAURANTS BUREAU D’ACCUEIL - DÉTAXE - DÉFILÉS DE MODE ACCUEIL PRIVILÉGIÉ & SERVICE VIP - ALIMENTATION DE LUXE & RESTAURANTS GALERIES LAFAYETTE PARIS HAUSSMANN 40, BD HAUSSMANN - 75009 PARIS MÉTRO : CHAUSSÉE D’ANTIN-LA FAYETTE Open Monday through Saturday from 9.30 AM to 8 PM Late opening every Thursday until 9 PM Ouvert de 9h30 à 20h du lundi au samedi. Nocturne jusqu’à 21h le jeudi Tél : +33 (0)1 42 82 36 40 - haussmann.galerieslafayette.com/en/ NEW GALERIES LAFAYETTE GEOLOCATION APPLICATION DOWNLOAD FOR FREE** * Le grand magasin capitale de la mode ** Nouvelle Application de Géolocalisation des Galeries Lafayette à télécharger gratuitement WP GALLERIE LAFAYETTE.indd 2 210x297_GL Eiffel_Where Magazine.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:39 04/03/15 15:24 PUBLI-REPORTAGE GALERIES LAFAYETTE PARIS HAUSSMANN THE DEPARTMENT STORE CAPITAL OF FASHION* GOURMET AND MAISON UNDER ONE ROOF Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann has decided to combine its famous food and drink department, Lafayette Gourmet, with its home department, Lafayette Maison, and house them under one roof, to celebrate the store’s unique approach of French lifestyle. Spread across 7500m2 and 5 floors, we welcome you in this store which celebrates the five senses and offers fresh ideas to all and opportunities to meet enthusiasts. LE GOURMET RENTRE À LA MAISON Les Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann ont décidé de réunir sous le même toit, l’art de la gastronomie et son célèbre Lafayette Gourmet, et l’art de la maison pour célébrer ce plaisir du bien vivre. Sur 7500m² et 5 étages, bienvenue dans cette grande maison qui célèbre généreusement les cinq sens, offre ses idées à tous, permet des rencontres avec des passionnés. LA CAVE La Cave at Lafayette Gourmet is the destination of choice for Parisian and international wine connoisseurs alike. With 2500 labels, it houses an exceptional range of grands vins from Bordeaux, Champagne and other French regions, world wines and spirits, while cultivating the spirit of a local wine merchant. La Cave du Lafayette Gourmet est l’adresse de prédilection des amateurs de vin parisiens et internationaux. Avec 2500 références, elle recèle une gamme exceptionnelle de grands vins de Bordeaux, de la Champagne et autres régions françaises, de vins du monde et de spiritueux, tout en cultivant l’esprit d’un caviste de quartier. Too much alcohol can damage your health. To be consumed with moderation. L’abus d’alcool est dangereux pour la santé à consommer avec modération. RESTAURANTS As experts in French fashion and lifestyle, Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann understand the importance of gastronomy and receive visitors from all over the world. World-renowned and well-loved brands can be found in this magnificent setting alongside newer concepts. Each of our eating & dining areas is considered unique, where environment and menu come together to transform your foodie moments into unforgettable memories. Experts en « mode et art de vivre à la française », les Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann réservent une place de choix à la gastronomie et accueillent les visiteurs venus des quatre coins du monde. Dans cet écrin magnifique se côtoient des enseignes mondialement connues et appréciées de tous. Chacun de nos espaces de restauration a été pensé comme un lieu unique, dont l’ambiance et le menu s’accordent à la perfection pour faire de vos moments gourmands des souvenirs inoubliables. GALERIES LAFAYETTE PARIS HAUSSMANN - 40, BOULEVARD HAUSSMANN 75009 PARIS METRO: CHAUSSÉE D’ANTIN - LA FAYETTE - Open Monday through Saturday from 9.30 AM to 8 PM - Late opening every Thursday until 9 PM Ouvert de 9h30 à 20h00 du lundi au samedi - Nocturne jusqu’à 21h00 le jeudi - Tel: +33 (0)1 42 82 36 40 - haussmann.galerieslafayette.com/en/ * le grand magasin capitale de la mode New Galeries Lafayette Geolocation Application. Download for free: Nouvelle Application de Géolocalisation des Galeries Lafayette. À télécharger gratuitement sur : 15:24 WP GALLERIE LAFAYETTE.indd 3 GALE150200045 - Publirédac Where_210x297.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:39 04/03/15 11:52 GALERIES LAFAYETTE PARIS HAUSSMANN The Department Store THE DEPARTMENT STORE, CAPITAL OF FASHION Located in the heart of Paris nearby the Opera, the 70,000 square-meter flagship store, symbol of the Parisian elegance, offers more than 3,500 brands from affordable to the most prestigious ones. Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann offers a large selection of items in every segment, from fashion to accessories, beauty, interior decoration and fine food. LE GRAND MAGASIN, CAPITALE DE LA MODE Situées en plein cœur de Paris, à deux pas de l’Opéra Garnier, les Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann, symbole de l’élégance parisienne, s’étendent sur 70 000 m2 et proposent plus de 3 500 marques, des plus abordables aux plus prestigieuses. Les Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann proposent une large selection de produits : mode, accessoires, beauté, decoration et épicerie fine. FASHION MGL 957 503 931 RCS PARIS - PHOTOS NON CONTRACTUELLES; Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann has created the world’s largest wardrobe for women located on 15,000 m² with more than 350 brands on offer. They reveal the best in creativity and the strong will of Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann to stay at the cutting edge of fashion. For men, who are more and more fashionable, the Lafayette Men store meets all desires with the largest designers department, a perfumery dedicated to men, a selection of classic and trendy leather goods. LA MODE Les Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann ont crée le plus grand dressing féminin du monde sur 15 000 m2 offrant plus de 350 marques. Elles expriment le meilleur de la créativité et la volonté marquée des Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann d’exprimer la mode plus fort. Elles mettent également à disposition des hommes, de plus en plus soucieux de mode, le concept Lafayette Homme qui répond à toutes les envies avec le plus grand espace dédié aux créateurs, une parfumerie spécialement dédiée aux hommes, une sélection de maroquinerie, classique et mode. GALERIES LAFAYETTE PARIS HAUSSMANN - 40, BD HAUSSMANN 75009 PARIS - METRO: CHAUSSÉE D’ANTIN - LA FAYETTE Open Monday through Saturday from 9.30 AM to 8 PM - Late opening every Thursday until 9 PM Ouvert de 9h30 à 20h00 du lundi au samedi - Nocturne jusqu’à 21h00 le jeudi Tel: +33 (0)1 42 82 36 40 - haussmann.galerieslafayette.com/en/ * le grand magasin capitale de la mode WP GALLERIE LAFAYETTE.indd 4 GALE150200044 - Publirédactionnel Where 420x297_CB.indd 1 09/03/2015 10:40 04/03/15 12:04 Capital of fashion * ACCESSORIES & SHOES On the ground floor of the Lafayette Coupole, 4,500 m² are dedicated to the world of accessories: handbags, leather goods, glasses, belts, scarves, gloves, hats, jewelry, fine jewellery, high-end watches, etc. Located on the lower ground floor of the department store, the 3 200 m2 unique space dedicated to shoes highlights this must-have fashion accessory. ACCESSOIRES & CHAUSSURES Au rez-de-chaussée du grand magasin Coupole, 4 500 m2 sont consacrés à l’univers des accessoires : sacs, maroquinerie, lunettes, ceintures, foulards, gants, chapeaux, bijoux, joaillerie, haute horlogerie....Situé au rez-de-chaussée bas du grand magasin sur 3 200 m2, l’espace inédit dédié aux chaussures et aux souliers, met en valeur cet incontournable accessoire de mode. VIP SERVICES Discover our exclusive tailored services provided by experts in fashion and lifestyle. We will open the doors to our privileged services and areas in which we will exceed your expectations. LES SERVICES PERSONNALISÉS Laissez-nous vous ouvrir les portes d’un univers luxueux et exclusif. Nos experts en Mode et Art de vivre à la française vous offriront une expérience unique à travers des services sur mesure. FASHION SHOW Attend our fashion show and discover the latest fashion trends! Fashion shows take place on Fridays at 3pm. Opera Lounge, 7th floor, main building. Reservation or information at +33 (0)1 42 82 30 25 or [email protected] DÉFILÉ DE MODE Les Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann vous invitent à assister à leur défilé de mode ! Chaque vendredi au « Salon Opéra » à 15 heures (7è étage, magasin principal). Réservation et information par téléphone au +33 (0)1 42 82 30 25 ou par e-mail à l’adresse suivante : [email protected] Find your location and save time with Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann Application. Download for free: Orientez-vous et gagnez du temps grâce à l’application des Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann. A télécharger gratuitement sur : 12:04 WP GALLERIE LAFAYETTE.indd 5 GALE150200044 - Publirédactionnel Where 420x297_CB.indd 2 09/03/2015 10:40 04/03/15 12:05 LUXURY MAP Le Marais SHOP STOP BV MP 10 rue de Jarente - Paris 4th Tel: 01 47 45 62 58 www.mashakeja.com UD Mi-Mai • Ambali • • RUE BARBETTE Manoush • • Jamin Puech Officinal Slowear • • Aesol Paul & Joe • Marionnaud Paris RUE DES FRANCS BO Penhaligon’s • URGEOIS Ted Musée • •Esteban • Carhartt Fragonard • Baker Carnavalet RUE DES Repetto • • FRANCS BO • URGEOIS Barbara •• •• • Iro • Michael • • • Essentiel Bui Uniqlo Aubade •• • Kors • Eres da RUE DES BLA NCS MAN o a TEA UX • &S Te ry Devernois Guy Degrenne • • Scoth Kusmi d Per Maje • • e • r Créa Concept Alain Mikli L’Argenterie Wolford • •RFU • Cos E D ES R de Turenne O • • SIERS • • Heschung• • All Saints • Moustaches RUE DU PLATRE Durance Cire Paule Ka RUE DE JARENTE Huygens Skeen • K.Jacques • • • Trudon Thomas Sabo• • Ugg Masha J.Crew • RUE STE CROIX DE LA BRETONNERIE • Vicomte A Thierry Carven Keja • • •Fleux • Gucci • Lacoste • Mode en Villenave Nike RUE D'ORMESSON Barbara Rihl• Demeure • Givenchy Karl Lagerfeld • Le BHV Marais • RUE DU ROI •DE SICILE Moncler • • Chevignon • l’Homme • Fendi N TO IN E • RU E ST -A Paraboot RUE DE LA VERRERI E • IVOLI SAINT-PAUL Le BHV Marais Everyday couture bags, this would describe the Masha Keja style best. Established in Paris since 2008 the brand presents a fabulous range of bags and wallets, crafted in France in rare materials and unique handmade techniques. CLA •Surface to Air • • Louis Quatorze Eclectic • Tom • Vanessa Bruno • • Greyhound • Les Petites •Mr • Bonastre • Le Mont Saint Michel FredMarzo • La Fée Ann Tuil • Maraboutée ■ • Consuelo RU E DE S 4 FI LS Musée National Picasso • Zoelly RU R RUE DE NFÉRENCE 10 avenue Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Paris 8th Tel: 01 53 96 06 15 www.espace-weleda.fr • Versace Dior • • AVE •Salvatore Ferragamo Caron NUE M • Akris • ON Chanel Givenchy TA • Chanel • IGNE • • Fendi Dinh Chloé• • • Saint Laurent van Loewe •• Pucci •• •• Gucci Ralph Lauren Dolce&Gabbana Blumarine LT EVE S.T.Dupont OOS Elie Saab • LIN D.R • • RUE DE PONTHIEU Kenzo Armani Collezioni • AVE NUE • JP Gaultier PIER Lacoste • RE 1 ER EV • G R DE S Omega • EO ERB UE G IE N Eric Bompard E • AV • Zegna Brioni • • Ricci • Dubail • Longchamp Stefano • U Leonard EA • •Ulysse Nardin RC • Waskool Creed MA Altan Bottier E U Christofle • • EN • AV Arije Cartier •Givenchy Scabal • • Chaumet Kusmi • Tea • Arije •EORGE V Beretta RUE UE G N Paule Ka E • P • IER RUE MA AV RE RBEUF Ann Tuil • Sicis • •Tom Ford CHARRO N Zilli • RUE • DE L Guy Laroche • Kiton • Balenciaga A TR •Smalto RUE • ÉMO By Marie&Gas Bijoux ILLE M Wolford Diane Von • ARBE Furstenberg • Balmain Berluti UF • ALMA MARCEAU • Karl Lagerfeld• Zadig&Voltaire • Valentino • Courrèges Paul&Joe • AVE • Anne • N Louis U EM Giorgio Armani Fontaine O Vuitton AN Prada• • NTAIGN Harry Winston • ARIGN RUE M Bottega Veneta • E • Nina • Ricci Giorgio Armani • • • Maison Ullens Louis Vuitton PORT DE LA CO ESPACE WELEDA A unique moment in a marvellous place. Weleda, the first organic and natural cosmetic brand, invites you to discover its massages and product line in its wellness space. Enter into the peaceful and natural universe of Weleda with its very contemporary design. EA RC DU E 33 blvd Edgar Quinet - Paris 14th Tel: 01 43 20 98 79 (M° Edgar Quinet) 20 ave Trudaine - Paris 9th Tel: 01 48 78 23 85 (M° Anvers) • Wolford S PA IL ARD RA The oldest toy store in Paris where you can find an incredible selection of antique favourites including Tintin, model cars, music boxes and more. There is a wonderful and fun selection for young and old alike, including a fine choice of scale models and miniature trains. • Poiray Inédit Joaillier aillier Christian • Mauboussin BO U Louboutin • Façonnable L Ke E VA RUE • Walter• • nz DE L RD Louis Pau o• • ’A B SAI • Agent B AY Tag l Sm NTVuitton Provocateur Steiger E G Heuer • i t E h• l’A R • • Brunello M • AIN The Slowear Pa rtisa Cucinelli rfu n • Store me Burberry Hugo SAINT-GERMAIN ur • Voyeurs • • Paul Smith Emporio • DES-PRÉS • Boss Armani Paul & Joe• • Shadé • • L.K. Cartier • Céline • Ventilo Bennett Lancel • Ferragamo Rolex• • Dinh Van MABILLON • Hackett• Montblanc • Carven • Crockett & Jones • Kenzo• Robert Alexis Mabille • • J.M. Weston Clergerie L’Ibis Rouge • Saint Laurent • • • Marina • Tod’s Rinaldi Prada Sportmax • • OUR Dot-Drops La Perla Alain Mikli • • DU F • Durance RUE M.A.C.• • • Le Mont Repetto Implicite Omega S Saint Michel Berluti • • ÉVRE • S Saint E • • RUE D • Swatch Longchamp RUE DE BABYLONE Laurent • • • RUE SAINT-SULPICE • Longines Agnès b Hermès • SÉVRES-BABYLONE Robert • ULPICE Zadig Clergerie RUE ST-S & Voltaire ES Le Bon VR SÉ Marché • E • Rowena D E Forrest Église Saint-Sulpice RU • Guerlain IÉR ES BOULEV b •M rielle a G id •Q ier Lu ee do •G lin t ep pe bs rt RUE CROI X DES PETI TS CHAM • • • ÉR • RUE DE RIVOLI 15 Galerie Véro-Dodat - Paris 1st (enter at 19 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau or 2 rue du Bouloi) Tel: +33 (0)1 40 39 01 51 / www.angelacaputi.com Musée du Louvre Eric Philippe Angela Caputi Il Bisonte ’OP RUE DE LA FEUILLADE ANGELA CAPUTI Italian jewellery designer Angela Caputi set up her workshop in Florence in 1975. Her unique high fashion costume jewellery, mixing various materials, colours and textures, is now available at her new boutique in Paris. This collection is extremely sophisticated and could be a special present for each woman. ES • Kenzo Roberto • • E CA MB ON Cavalli • Tom Ford • • •Jimmy Choo Messika• Hervé •Hugo Boss Léger Morabito• Viktor&Rolf • Wolford • •Emporio Armani Chloé• Jamin •Dior DsQuared2 • Puech • Miki House Tumi• •Omega Arije J.M. • • Weston Chopard RU E CA ST SHOP STOP 366 rue Saint-Honoré - Paris 1st Tel: 01 40 20 90 98 www.mikihouse.fr Église de la Madeleine • RU 16 rue Royale - Paris 8th Tel: 01 42 60 21 77 www.wempe.fr Superb quality and unique style are the hallmarks of this Japanese house of children’s fashion and style. Every collection is conceived with the child in mind. Fashioned in workshops in Japan, the clothing is made from fine fabrics and imbued with practical, functional and unique touches. Open Mon-Sat 10am - 7pm. • Lanvin Berluti • Monclerc • Panerai A.Testoni RUE DU FBG ST-HONORÉ RUE JEAN-J ACQUES ROUSSE AU 50 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP LUXURY MAPS.indd 6 12/03/2015 16:33 WP CESAIRE.indd 1 bags spare no expense for quality. They are handcrafted in France by the tradition of skilled artisan hands. This local production will guarantee the ethics of the house but also the selection of materials in accordance with the European standards of safety and quality with minimal environmental impact. Many pieces are unique, limited production and diffusion remaining confidential, you can be assured to bring something unique from Paris and never cross the same bag in the street. 6 rue Saint Florentin Paris 1er Tel : 33 (0)1 42 97 43 43 www.stephaniecesaire.com M° & Parking : Concorde/Madeleine Opening hours : Monday to saturday from 11am to 7pm (-12% tax refund - Amex JCB - Visa - Mastercard accepted) Césaire est une marque déposée - Tous les modèles sont déposés ©Copyright france 8K3E165 Paris is holding secrets again, the new Césaire handbag brand has quickly accomplished in gaining a status among fashion elites. The success is based entirely on the merit of its impeccable craftsmanship and sensual luxury design of bags. These pieces are more than a fusion of beauty and quality; they are elegantly redefining the high-end of the accessory world. You can say Stéphanie Césaire, the designer, is fashion nobility. In her short career Miss Césaire has designed the « it » totes for the crème-de-la-crème of fashion (Albert Elbaz, Karl Lagerfeld, Chloé, LVMH Kenzo etc). She took the time to master her raw talent and the result has been the ultimate companion to women. Never desiring to be an « it » bag, a Césaire bag is instead, a timeless piece. Not only she creates her handbags with the vision of an architect but she adds elegance and high attention to details in addition to the allure it will give. A technique likely comparable to the creation of couture dresses. After being astonished by the complex design effect, entering the shop and noticing the quality of the selected leather, grained, nubucked is just stunning. Their form emphasizes them skilfully, giving the bags a sensual value in its presentation but also its touch. Original and unique, yet with a strong sense of tradition these Where0315 Couture handbags by Stéphanie Césaire 09/03/2015 10:45 Jardin des Tuileries 14 rue Chauveau-Lagarde - Paris 8th Tel: 01 44 94 01 74 www.crockettandjones.com • Sotheby’s • Chopard •Sonia Rykiel • Poiray Apostrophe • • Christian Louboutin • Pomellato Bui • Barbara RUE ANJOU •Bally •Blumarine •Burberry • Brunello Cucinelli • Ermenegildo Zegna Salvatore Ferragamo Lancôme • • • Heurgon • Glashütte Original • Saint Laurent Porsche Design • • Janssens Chanel • & Janssens Boucheron Tod’s • • Givenchy • Cartier Burberry • • Hermès RUE BOISSY D’ANGLAS • • Place de la Concorde 3 rue d’Anjou - Paris 8th (Corner 46 Fbg St Honoré) Tel: 01 42 65 04 00 www.janssensparis.com CROCKETT & JONES Frette • JANSSENS & JANSSENS A reference for more than 130 years among the amateurs of beautiful Goodyear-welted shoes, the English luxury brand for men & ladies perpetuates the artistic quality and custom-made service. C arts& attractions By Patricia Valicenti Turn to page 58 to discover Degas’s dancers Ballet, dit aussi L’Étoile, circa 1876, Paris, Musée d’Orsay, © Paris, musée d’Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais/Photo: Patrice Schmidt Galleries \| Monuments \| Museums \| Exhibits \| Day Trips \| Gardens \| Guided Tours 54 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 54 13/03/2015 08:49 arts&attractions Exhibitions A Game of Thrones When Gonçalo Mabunda was born in Maputo, Mozambique in 1975, the nation was on the verge of a civil war that would decimate part of the country. Today, world class art works emerge in his hands from the remnants of the violence, for he creates thrones, masks and totems using the abundant and abandoned arms in his country, leftovers of the war that lasted for 15 years. The self-trained artist joined the Nucleo Studio, a group of seven young sculptors, in 1998 and worked on the Transformation of Weapons into Art Objects project. He fashioned AK-47 rifles, rocket launchers, guns and other arms of destruction into anthropomorphic shapes. His thrones became an immediate success with exhibitions and awards following, and today his works are found in leading collections around the world including the Centre Pompidou and the Museum of Art and Design and the Brooklyn Museum in New York. Ten of his thrones along with totems and masks are currently on display in Paris at the Galerie du Passage of Pierre Passebon. Through April 11th 20-26 Galerie Véro-Dodat (1st), 01 42 36 01 13 Gustav Klimt, Judith, 1901. Photo © Belvédère, Vienne; Thrones © Jacques Pépion, Galerie du Passage A Glimmer of Gold A glowing exhibition is underway at the Pinacothèque of Paris exploring a fundamental aspect of Art Nouveau, the Secession, which developed in Vienna at the beginning of the 20th century. The leading figure of this innovative breakaway movement was Gustav Klimt whose opulent mature works were characterised by an abundance of gold. The exhibition, entitled In the Time of Klimt. The Vienna Secession, traces in detail the development of art in Vienna from the end of the 19th century to the early years of Expressionism and brings together some 180 works from the Belvedere museum in Vienna and private collections. Klimt’s iconic works are all there from his early academic studies to the spectacular masterworks of his golden period. Major works in the show include Judith, done in 1901 and the reconstitution of the epic Beethoven Frieze, which will not be able to be shown again outside of Austria for the next decade. Through June 21st 8 rue Vignon (9th), 01 42 68 02 01 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 55 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 55 13/03/2015 08:49 arts&attractions Exhibitions Going Tribal Tribal arts are on the agenda this month again with 20 galleries hosting, for the second time, Paris Tribal, celebrating the arts of Africa, the Americas, Asia, Indonesia and Oceania through a wide display of exceptional pieces and thematic exhibitions. It is a world of masks and ornate jewels, amulets, reliquaries and more. A rare ensemble of 10th century Korean alcohol bottles from the Koryo dynasty, a stunning and highly complex Eskimo mask, an intricate 18th century gold ring from Java, an early 20th century royal emblem of the Baoulé people of the Côte d’Ivoire and a ceremonial boat-shaped cup from the Solomon Islands are among the rarely seen works on display. The exhibitions are hosted in art galleries throughout the Beaux-Arts and Saint-Germain-des-Prés neighbourhoods during the month starting from April 9th, with some pieces exhibited from April 9th to April 11th only. Amazing Apes The fascinating and unfortunately highly endangered world of our planet’s great apes can be discovered at the Museum of Natural History in Paris where an exhibition devoted to the primates is underway. The exhibition is both fun and educational as it tells the tale of man’s closest relatives: humans and chimpanzees share about 98% of the same DNA. The great apes are comprised of two species of chimpanzees, two species of gorillas and two species of orang-utans all of which are represented in the show, which also underscores the fieldwork of the museum’s palaeontologists and primatologists. Specimens, skeletons and skulls are all part of the show along with documents, videos and interactive exhibitions. The heart of the show, however, is a beautifully appointed fictional tropical forest where the day-to-day life of the animals can be discovered. The last part of the show sadly explains the threats these creatures, of the Hominidae family, like us, are facing and explains ways of helping them in their plight. Through March 21st, 2016 57 rue Cuvier (5th), 01 40 79 30 00 Black blade from Indonesia, 18th century Javanese gold ring, Pyu gold beads from Burma © Courtesy Galerie Cédric Le Dauphin; Gorilla © MNHN-Jean-Michel Krief For venues and full programme visit www.paristribal.com 56 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 56 13/03/2015 08:49 A Hidden Haven Photo © Nicolas Velut 2014 It is a series of rooms set out in a spacious apartment in the heart of the Latin Quarter, rooms that are as they were in the 19th century when they were inhabited by the French philosopher Auguste Comte, 150 years ago. It was in these rooms that Comte founded positivist philosophy, invented sociology and created a non-secular religion, the Religion of Humanity. After undergoing a refurbishment the museum-apartment has been re-opened to the public, offering a unique opportunity to see a slice of life of the 19th century and to learn about Comte’s works and philosophy. Comte moved into the apartment in 1841 and upon his death in 1857, the apartment was kept intact by his disciples who pursued his work and continued to administer the sacraments of the Religion of Humanity. It was ultimately reconstituted identically to the way it was when Comte lived there in 1960 by Paulo Carneiro, Brazil’s ambassador to UNESCO. 1. Robert Lefèvre, Portrait de Napoléon Ier (1769-1821), en uniforme de colonel des chasseurs à cheval de la Garde, 1809, commandé par la Ville pour l’Hôtel de Ville. © Stéphane Piera / Musée Carnavalet / Roger-Viollet/2. Nicolas-Antoine Taunay, Entrée de la Garde Impériale à Paris par la barrière de Pantin, 25 novembre 1807. © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Franck Raux. Open Wednesdays from 2 to 5pm and by appointment. 10 rue Monsieur Le Prince (6th), 01 43 26 08 56 is e d aris aris.fr r i o P .p ist oF alet –H y av or carn t is 3 let H is a av t – Par rn ale eois H ex Ca nav ourg e r -B é us Ca ancs M Fr ée us e des M ru 16 AP-WHERE-Napoleon-181x132.indd 1 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 57 S RI A 5 P 01 2 D t AN 015 ugus ON ût 2 – 30 a E L 0 ao Pril O P l – 3 8 a A N vri tion 8 a iBi , w w w.w h e re t r04/03/15 ave l e r. c o17:32 m 57 13/03/2015 09:59 Exhibitions JEWELLERY of ThE STaRS Olwen Forest invites you to see her collection of vintage artist jewellery worn yesterday, and sought after today by famous stars and celebrities. Coco Chanel, Schiaparelli, Joseff of Hollywood, Hermès Gentlemen will be dazzled by the extremely rare cocktail accessories from the 1930s. Marché Serpette - allée 3, stand 5/7 110 rue des rosiers, 93400 St-Ouen (Metro: porte de clignancourt) Open : Saturday, Sunday, Monday Tel: 01 40 11 96 38 Exuberant dancers, striking portraits, and scenes of everyday life as rendered by Edgar Degas are being showcased at the Musée des Impressionnismes in Giverny in an exhibition entitled Degas, an Impressionist Painter? For while Degas is regarded as an Impressionist, he distinguished himself from his colleagues, notably by bringing artificial lighting into his works or concentrating on more personal motifs, like the movement of the body in dance. Degas was fascinated by movement particularly that of dance and ballet and he observed the rigorous training of ballerinas on the bar putting into his works their attitudes, movements, but also their costumes. Often the colour of a slipper or a tutu would determine the chromatic harmony of the work. The show brings together some 80 works including paintings, sculptures, pastels and drawings with prestigious works being loaned by the Musée d’Orsay in Paris among other institutions and collections. Through July 19th 99 rue Claude Monet, 27620 Giverny, 02 32 51 94 65 www.olwenforest.com Colours of the Countryside A colourful exhibition devoted to the painter Maurice de Vlaminck is being held at the Atelier Grognard in the scenic suburb of Rueil-Malmaison where the artist lived for ten years at the beginning of the 20th century. It was in Rueil-Malmaison that de Vlaminck, regarded as one of the most emblematic figures of the Fauvists began working in the pure, intense colours associated with the movement. An accomplished ceramicist and wood sculptor, the artist was multi-faceted, in addition to working in diverse artistic mediums he was a medal-winning cyclist and a virtuoso musician, and he was prolific as well, executing some 6000 paintings and drawings in his lifetime. He loved nature and the rural world and after World War I he withdrew definitively to the country. The show brings together some 80 paintings, 10 graphic works, ceramics and illustrated books emanating from museums and private collections, notably that of the artist’s daughter, Godelieve de Vlaminck. Through May 25th 6 ave du Château de Malmaison, 92500 Rueil-Malmaison, 01 41 39 06 96 Danseuses (Danseuses au repos), circa 1898, Lausanne, fondation de l’Hermitage, legs de Lucie Schmidheiny, 1998 © Lausanne, fondation de l’Hermitage/Photo: Giorgio Skory, Romanel-sur-Lausanne; Vlaminck © Paris/ADAGP Paris 2015, photo, RMN Grand Palais/ Hervé Lewandowski Dancing with Degas 58 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 58 13/03/2015 08:51 Jean Dubuffet Promenade agreste, 1974 New address: 62 rue du faubourg Saint-HonorĂŠ 75008 Paris T +33 (0)1 42 96 39 00 p a r i s @ o p e r a g a l l e r y. c o m M o n . - S a t . 1 0 a m - 7 . 3 0 p m & S u n d a y 1 1 a m - 7 p m operagallery.com WP OPERA GALLERY.indd 1 Long Live the King I t all began back in 1623 with the construction of a relatively humble hunting pavilion for the French king Louis XIII in a region of marshes and game-filled woods. Louis XIV, who became king at the tender age of 5, would transform and enlarge the structure in 1668 when the monumental construction works were launched to bring into being one of the world’s most glorious castles, Versailles. It would become the seat of court and the government of France under Louis XIV as France and its Sun King outshined the rest of the world. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, with its 2300 rooms, 1944 windows covering 18,000 square metres, the palace and its stunning grounds are well beyond vast. Perhaps its most glorious interior is the Hall of Mirrors, or the Grand Gallery, as it was known back in the 17th century, which played host to diplomatic receptions, princely weddings and masked balls. Costumes worn during the balls in the Gallery ranged from Turkish headdresses to yew trees. It was here that the masked ball for the wedding of Marie-Antoinette and the Dauphin, who would become Louis XVI, was held in 1770, and it was also here in a hall capable of accommodating hundreds of dignitaries that the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28th, 1919, sealing the end of World War I. The castle also served as a home to, among others, Louis XV who made his own hot chocolate and marzipan in his private kitchen and Marie-Antoinette, who enjoyed playing her harp, revived the glamorous balls and hosted a host of parties. Louis XIV loved his immaculate grounds, statuaries and dancing fountains, and he was particularly fond of tulips. For the king, the great gardener André Le Nôtre designed and modelled terraces, floral beds and copses, conjuring up a surprise-filled world that charms to this day, for the glorious grounds and gardens are a high point of a visit to Versailles. The major junctions and paths are punctuated with statues and yew trees sculpted into the most astonishing of shapes. Classical music, entertainment and the fountains played a leading role at court at Versailles, which still today enjoys a festive demeanour. Louis XIV paid special attention to the construction of his gardens in which a large canal, reservoirs and canalisations were built to feed the castle’s famous fountains whose mission was to bring to life each sculpture and each wooded area. The finest Italian fountain-makers, the Francine dynasty of Florence, were brought in to work By Patricia Valicenti hand in hand with the sculptors and their creations were dedicated to the mythology of Antiquity and the king personally supervised the creation of each copse. Today, every weekend during the day from April to October, the fountains of Versailles come to life with music and water for the Musical Fountains Show. Royal days, and at times nights, for the women of the French court meant spending time in the rural setting of the two palaces of the Trianon. It was once a woman’s world, the Trianon palaces and surroundings, nestled into the grounds of Versailles, a countryside retreat that offered an escape from the formalities of court, which you can now visit. Here the queens and empresses of France came with their court ladies, children and friends, as did the favourite mistresses of the kings like Madame de Pompadour and Madame du Barry. Louis XV’s mother, the Duchess of Burgundy, held a carnival in 1702 in the Grand Trianon where she had taken up residence while Louis XVI gave the Petit Trianon to Marie-Antoinette as a wedding gift. It is in the Trianon that the Belvedere and its Rock are found nestled in the English Garden landscaped for Marie-Antoinette in the 1780s, with the Belvedere dominating the ornamental lake of the garden. For a unique experience you can discover another dimension of the Chateau of Versailles and enter into the secret world of the kings and queens of France, a private world unknown to the public at large. Extraordinary visits for 1 to 10 people can be booked by appointment to see the private apartments of Marie-Antoinette, the bathrooms and the royal living quarters hidden away behind the ceremonial apartments and away from the crowds. A professional lecturer conducts these special visits. Avenue Rockefeller Versailles 78000, 01 30 83 78 00 RER C to Versailles Chateau Rive Gauche For tickets and reservations for the fountain shows call 01 30 83 78 89 or visit www.chateauversailles-spectacles.fr. Alternatively you can buy your tickets at the entrance to the gardens on the day of the show. For the private visits call 01 30 83 78 00 or email [email protected] 60 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 60 13/03/2015 08:58 A view from the grounds at Versailles Grounds © Didier Saulnier; Gardens and fountain © Jacques de Givry; Mirrors © Christian Milet; Fountains © Jacques de Givry In the gardens of Versailles The opulent Hall of Mirrors The dancing fountains w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 61 WP APR ARTS ATTRACTIONS.indd 61 13/03/2015 08:59 For more detailed listings \| wheretraveler.com/paris Galerie Bernheim-Jeune The Bernheims organised Van Gogh’s first Paris exhibit and also presented Cézanne, Matisse and others. Now run by descendants of the founder, the gallery exhibits contemporary artists and publishes art books. Tue-Sat 10:30am-12:30pm & 2:30pm-6:30pm. 83 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré (8th), 01.42.66.60.31. M° Miromesnil Galerie Daniel Templon A contemporary gallery featuring established and up-and-coming artists. Mon-Sat 10am-7pm. 30 rue Beaubourg (3rd), 01.42.72.14.10. M° Rambuteau Galerie de Jonckheere Museum-quality 16th and 17th-century Flemish paintings, including works by the Breughels and Cranach the Elder. Mon-Fri, 10am-7pm. 100 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré (8th), 01.42.66.69.49. M° Miromesnil Galerie Lelong This quintessential Parisian gallery features the works of leading contemporary artists. Tues-Fri 10:30am-6pm. Sat 2pm-6:30pm.13 rue de Téhéran (8th), 01.45.63.13.19. M° Miromesnil Galerie Maeght This landmark Parisian gallery opened in 1946 and presents exhibitions of leading modern and contemporary artists. There is also a superb bookstore carrying art books, fine art posters and lithographs. Mon 10am-6pm. Tues-Sat 9:30am-7pm. 42 rue du Bac (7th), 01.45.48.45.15. M° Rue du Bac Galerie Malingue This prestigious gallery has been welcoming discerning art collectors for over three decades. With three lofty exhibition rooms, it proffers a journey into the Modern Art adventure. Renoir, Cézanne, Picasso, Dali, Miró are all found in this fine and sublime house of art. Tues-Fri 10:30am-12:30pm & 2:30pm-6:30pm, Mon (and Sat only during exhibitions) 2:30pm-6:30pm. 26 ave Matignon (8th), 01.42.66.60.33. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Galerie Marian Goodman The Paris branch of the renowned New York gallery. Artists include John Baldessari, Christian Boltanski. Giuseppe Penone, Gerhard Richter, Jeff Wall. Tues-Sat 11am-7pm. 79 rue du Temple (3rd), 01.48.04.70.52. M° Rambuteau Aquarium de Paris (Cinéaqua) \| Attractions (16th) Galerie Nathalie Obadia This contemporary gallery features fine, collectable works by both established and up-and-coming artists. Mon-Sat 11am-7pm. 3 rue du Cloître SaintMerri (4th), 01.42.74.67.68. M° Hôtel de VIlle Galerie NMariño This sophisticated and welcoming gallery in the Marais neighbourhood specialises in geometric abstraction and kinetic art. The house showcases both confirmed and emerging talents and regularly hosts temporary exhibitions in addition to its permanent collections. William Barbosa, Martha Boto and Hans Kotter are among the artists represented by the gallery. Tues-Sat 1pm-6pm. 8 rue des Coutures Saint-Gervais (3rd), 01.48.87.49.75. M° Saint-Sébastien-Froissart Galerie Olwen Forest Gallery exhibiting vintage costume, couture jewels and Art Deco crystal jewellery, as well as jewells created by designers such as Elsa Schiaparelli and Coco Chanel. Jewellery made for the cinema and a selection of vintage jewels telling the story of rock and roll. Permanent exhibition Erotica/ Exotica, featuring vintage pieces juxtaposing the two themes. From Sat-Mon. St-Ouen Flea Market, Marché Serpette, 110 rue des Rosiers, St-Ouen. 01.40.11.96.38. M° Porte de Clignancourt Galerie Polad-Hardouin This contemporary art gallery nestled in the heart of the Marais offers a spacious setting for over 30 artists, both established and emerging. Works with strong pictorial choices are featured here. The gallery remains faithful to the New Figuration movement. Conferences animated by specialists are organised throughout the year. Tues-Sat 11am-7pm. 86 rue Quincampoix (3rd), 01.42.71.05.29. M° Rambuteau Opera Gallery Modern Masters: Botero, Chagall, Léger, Calder and Picasso, and a selection of contemporary artists: Brasilier, Corda, Mach, Kusama and Joe Black. Art pieces exhibited in a gallery space ideally situated in the Triangle d’Or. Open Mon to Sat 10am-7.30pm; Sun 11:30am-7pm. 62 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré (8th), 01.42.96.39.00. M°Concorde attractions Aquarium de Paris (Cinéaqua) Discover the world of the sea at this delightful aquarium. Daily 10am-7pm, first Sat of the month until 10pm, last tickets one hour before closing. 5 ave Albert de Mun (16th), 01.40.69.23.23. M° Iéna Canal Saint-Martin This trendy Parisian neighbourhood has a wide array of bars, restaurants and eclectic shops lining the sides of this functioning canal which links the Villette basin to the Arsenal port. Quai de Jemmapes/Quai de Valmy, (10th). M° République Disneyland Paris Open 365 days a year. Disneyland Park surrounds you with all your favourite characters and the latest attractions. Daily 10am-7pm, also check website for opening hours on day of visit. RER A to Marne La Vallée/Chessy (40-65 min) Les Étoiles du Rex Travel to the heart of cinema. A unique and interactive visit into the magical world of cinema and into the backstage of the largest movie theatre in Europe. Fabulous fun and entertainment for the whole family. WedSun 10am-7pm including bank holidays and everyday during French school holidays. 1 blvd Poissonnière (2nd), 01.45.08.93.58. M° Bonne Nouvelle Le Manoir de Paris Galerie Russkiy Mir This well-appointed gallery features works by contemporary Russian artists including Anatoly Poutilline, Masha Schmidt, Marina Nikolaeva, Andrei Tyrtyshnikov and Vladimir Sichov. 7 rue Miromesnil (8th), 01.44.71.07.41. M° Miromesnil The urban legends of Paris come to life in this haunted manor house and listed historic monument. Fri 6pm-10pm & Sat, Sun 3pm-7pm. 18 rue de Paradis (10th), M° Château d’Eau Galerie Schmit This beautiful zoo presents in 16 natural environments some 1,000 animals, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish representing 180 species. Entrance located at the corner of the ave Daumesnil and the Route de Ceinture du lac Daumesnil (12th), 01.40.79.31.25. M° Château de Vincennes then 46 bus to zoo Three generations of art experts present museum quality paintings by 19th and 20th century French masters. Covering periods from the impressionists, the fauves, the Cubists and others. Mon-Fri, 10am-12:30pm/2pm-6pm. 396 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.42.60.36.36. M° Concorde Parc Zoologique de Paris Troyes ©D. Le Nevé/OT Troyes art galleries Pavillons de Bercy \| Attractions (12th) 62 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP ARTS&ATTRACTIONS LISTINGS.indd 2 13/03/2015 09:06 Address Book Paris Story A fun and educational way to discover the city of Paris through an exceptional audiovisual presentation. Daily 10am-6pm, projection every hour on the hour. 11bis rue Scribe (9th), 01.42.66.62.06. M° Opéra/Chaussée d’Antin Pavillons de Bercy Discover a decorative and diverse wonderland replete with a Theatre of Marvels, a fantastic garden and a museum devoted to rides and attractions found in amusement fairs from 1850 to 1950. 53 ave des Terroirs de France (12th), 01.43.40.16.15. M° Cour Saint-Emillion boat cruises Bateaux Parisiens Giant glass-roofed tour boats departing every hour on the hour, 10am-10pm (except 1pm & 7:30pm). Lunch and dinner cruises also available. Port de la Bourdonnais (7th), 08.25.01.01.01. M° Trocadéro Bateaux-Mouches The legendary company has been offering cruises on the Seine river for decades. Doubledeck boats provide an unusual approach to Paris monuments. Departures every 45 min, 11am-9pm. For dinner cruises please see the Dining section. Pont de l’Alma (8th), 01.42.25.96.10. M° Alma-Marceau Batobus A sleek “shuttle boat” making 8 stops including the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, the Jardin des Plantes and the Town Hall. 10:30am-7pm. 08.25.05.01.01 Paris Luxury Boat Enjoy an original and romantic cruise on board your own private boat. Ensconced in a mahogany Riva runabout of the 1960s enjoy the Seine and the heart of Paris. The captain and bilingual hostess welcome you on board with beverages and canapés. Reservations required, 5 persons maximum. 06.60.16.00.79/ 01.46.05.59.14. River Limousine Take in a private cruise on the Seine on board a custom-built luxurious boat replete with a salon and a bottle of champagne. Reservations required. 06.86.07.87.37. Vedettes de Paris Troyes ©D. Le Nevé/OT Troyes Offering one-hour cruises departing from the Eiffel Tower. 11am-11:30am & 1:30pm-6pm, boats 30 min apart. Special theme cruises also available including a champagne tasting cruise. Port de Suffren (7th), 01.44.18.19.50. M° Bir Hakeim/RER C Champs de Mars Yachts de Paris The most luxurious of all the river boats. Private cruises, parties, receptions as well as nightly gourmet dinner cruises. Port Henri IV (4th), 01.44.54.14.70. M° Pont de Sully Château de Vaux le Vicomte This unique estate with its 17th century castle and formal French gardens is one of the most beautiful in France. The castle’s vast French gardens, punctuated by fountains and water basins, are regarded as royal gardener Andre Le Nôtre’s masterwork. By car 55 km from Paris. Maincy 77950, 01.64.14.41.90 Giverny The French countryside and the village where Van Gogh spent the last months of his life are just 27 kilometres from Paris. In town you can visit a 17th century chateau and the Maison Van Gogh (open Mar through Oct). SNCF from Gare du Nord to Valmondois, then change for Auvers-surOise (about 1 hr 15 min) Enter into the world of the Impressionists in this dreamy village west of Paris where Claude Monet arrived in 1883. This little spot in Normandy is also rich in castles, mills, gardens and a wealth of museums. Monet’s home, gardens and the immortalized water lily ponds remain, all opened to the public at the Fondation Claude Monet. 84 rue Claude Monet, SNCF from the Gare St. Lazare to Gare de Vernon, 45 minutes, then the No. 240 bus to Giverny. 02.32.51.28.21 Chartres La Maison Vignobles & Chateaux day trips Auvers sur Oise The town of Chartres is known for its splendid cathedral with magnificent stained glass windows. You can also visit the Centre International du Vitrail, a workshop and museum devoted to stained glass which is unique in Europe. SNCF from Gare Montparnasse (about 1 hr); last return train to Paris about 9pm. Château de Fontainebleau A residence of the French kings from the 12th to the 19th century, this royal château is famous for its superb Renaissance decor by Italian artists. Wed-Mon 9:30am-5pm. 01.60.71.50.70. SNCF Grandes Lignes from Gare de Lyon to FontainebleauAvon (40 min), then a short bus or shuttle ride from the station. Château de Versailles Louis XIV’s magnificent palace, with the Hall of Mirrors, Grands Appartements and Le Nôtre’s superb gardens. The Chateau is open Tue-Sun 9am-6:00pm. Gardens open daily 8 am to sunset; free. Avenue Rockefeller. 01.30.83.78.00. RER C to Versailles Chateau Rive Gauche Château et Domaine de Chantilly North of Paris, a 16th-century royal château with a beautiful park and a fabulous art collection. Mon-Sun 10:30am-5pm. 03.44.57.40.40. SNCF at the Gare du Nord (25 min) or RER D to Chantilly– Gouvieux (45 min) then take the free bus no. 15 marked “Senlis” to the château. Vedettes de Paris \| Boat Cruises Discover the art of tasting Bordeaux wine and the diversity of its vintages in this welcoming establishment located in the medieval town of Saint-Emillion. A large selection of fine Bordeaux wines is available in the boutique and tasting courses are given at the Ecole du Vin de SaintEmillion. Private classes and a special wine day can also be booked. 4 rue du Clocher, SaintEmilion, 05.57.24.61.01. SNCF TGV train from the Gare Montparnasse to the Gare de Libourne (3 hours), 10 km to Saint- Emilion, by train, taxi or car. Musée National du Chateau de Malmaison This delightful 17th century castle on the outskirts of Paris was the rural home of Josephine and Napoleon Bonaparte. 10am-12:30pm/13:30pm5:45pm/Until 6:15pm Sat & Sun. Closed Tues. Ave du château de Malmaison, 01.41.29.05.55. Metro or RER to la Défense then bus 258 to the stop Château Troyes A delightful small city in the heart of the Champagne country. Narrow streets of half- timbered houses with gabled roofs and private mansions dating from the Renaissance are an integral part of the charm of this quintessential provincial town, which became the seat of the Counts of Champagne in the 9th century. The city is doted with a fine array of museums, a superb cathedral and spectacular churches. Direct trains depart regularly from the Gare de l’Est (about 90 minutes) Troyes \| Day Trips w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 63 WP ARTS&ATTRACTIONS LISTINGS.indd 3 13/03/2015 09:06 Jardin d’Acclimatation Albert-Kahn Musée et Jardins A traditional French children’s park in the scenic Bois de Boulogne replete with rides, exhibitions, pavilions, a puppet theatre, a riding academy, restaurants and picnic grounds. Daily 10am-6pm. Ave du Mahatma Gandhi, Bois de Boulogne (16th), 01.40.67.90.85. M° Les Sablons Jardin des Tuileries This vast park filled with peaceful wide alleyways for strolling and an octagonal water basin offers a place for a promenade between the Pyramide du Louvre and the Place de la Concorde. Sculptures by Maillol, Rodin, Dubuffet and Louise Bourgeois are among the jewels set in these refreshing gardens. Jardin des Tuileries (1st), M° Concorde Jardin du Luxembourg These lovely gardens were built upon the initiative of Queen Marie de Medici in 1612. They are composed of both English and French gardens, a large pond an orchard of old vintage fruit trees and an apiary. Activities for adults include chess, tennis and remote control boats while children can a puppet theatre, rides and slides. Rue de Médicis Rue de Vaugirard (6th), M° Odéon guided tours 4 Roues Sous 1 Parapluie These innovative concept tours are conducted on board the mythical 2CV car. Tours throughout Paris and the surroundings are available as well as thematic visits for children, or for romance for example. Customised visits and services may be organised as well. 06.67.32.26.68. L’Open Tour Paris Open-topped buses and over 50 stops. Buy tickets on board, at hotels, or at their boutique office. 13 rue Auber (9th), 01.42.66.56.56. M° Opéra Paris City Vision National art galleries in the glass-roofed exhibit hall built for the 1900 World’s Fair. ThuMon 10am-8pm, Wed to 10pm. 3 ave Général Eisenhower (8th), 01.44.13.17.17. M° Champs-ElyséesClemenceau The home and gardens of a 19th century philanthropist who hired pioneer photographers to document life around the world. The permanent collection includes 72,000 glassplate autochromes. From 1909 to 1931, the philanthropist Kahn sent reporters all over the world to document the lifestyles of indigenous peoples that he believed would soon disappear. 14 rue du Port, Boulogne-Billancourt, 01.55.19.28.00. M° Boulogne-Pont de St-Cloud Designed by architect Jean Nouvel, a cultural center and museum of Arab and Islamic arts. Tue-Sun 10am-6pm; Library: Tues-Sat 1pm-8pm. 1 rue des Fossés-St-Bernard (5th), 01.40.51.38.38. M° Jussieu Centre Georges Pompidou Musée Carnavalet France’s top modern art museum, with some 56,000 works by more than 5000 artists. WedMon 11am-9pm, (last tickets 8pm). Place Georges Pompidou (4th), 01.44.78.12.33. M° Rambuteau La Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine The Palais de Chaillot now houses the Museum collection of French Monuments as part of the permanent collection in the Pavillon de Tête, while the temporary exhibits are housed in the left wing of the Pavillon d’About. The museum is composed of three Galeries: Galerie des Moulages, Galerie des Peintures and Galeries d’Architecture Moderne et Contemporaine. Bookstore, restaurant and cafe on the premises. Mon, Wed, Fri 12 pm - 8 pm, Thur 12pm-10pm, Sat-Sun 11am-7pm. Palais de Chaillot, 1 Place du Trocadero et du 11 Novembre (16th), 01.58.51.52.00. M° Trocadéro Espace Dali In the heart of Montmartre, the only permanent exhibition, in France, entirely devoted to the master of Surrealism, and more particularly to his sculptures and engravings. Daily 10am-6pm. 11 rue Poulbot (18th), 01.42.64.40.10. M° Abbesses/ Anvers Fondation Cartier pour l’Art Contemporain City tours, day and evening excursions, trips to the Loire and other regions. 214 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.44.55.60.00. M° Tuileries A contemporary art centre designed by Jean Nouvel with an excellent book shop and lovely garden. Tue 11am-10pm, Wed-Sun 11am-8pm. 261 blvd Raspail (14th), 01.42.18.56.50. M° Raspail Twiztour Fondation Louis Vuitton Visit Paris in our two-seater 100% electric and automatic “talking car”. Choose one of our 3 incredible tours and explore every nook and cranny of Paris with your own GPS audio guide. Port de Suffren, pier of “Vedettes de Paris” (7th), 08.11.69.69.63. M° Bir Hakeim / RER C Champ-de-Mars This cultural institution in the Bois de Boulogne is devoted to contemporary art and creation. Exhibition spaces display permanent collections and temporary exhibitions. 8 ave du Mahatma Gandhi (16th), 01.40.69.96.10. M° Sablons Your American Friend in Paris Founded in the 1980s by the Countess Mona Bismarck to encourage scholastic and artistic exchanges between Americans and the French. Sat noon-6:30pm. 34 ave de New York (16th), 01.47.23.38.88. M° Alma-Marceau Terrance Gelenter will show you a Paris au Flaneur you’ve never seen before. Choose the Classic program or let him customize an itinerary. 06.70.98.13.68. www.paris-expat.com Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais Fondation Mona Bismarck La Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine \| Museums & Fondations (16th) Institut du Monde Arabe A wonderful museum of Paris history in two adjoining 16th and 17th-century private mansions in the Marais. Tue-Sun 10am-6 pm. Tue-Sun 10am- 6pm. 23 rue de Sévigné (3rd), 01.44.59.58.58. M° St-Paul Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaisme A beautiful museum of Jewish art and history in a 17th century mansion. Mon-Fri 11 am-6 pm, Sun 10 am-6 pm. Hôtel de St-Aignan, 71 rue du Temple (3rd), 01.53.01.86.60. M° Hôtel de Ville Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris The city’s modern art museum offers a permanent collection covering the entire 20th century. Tue-Sun 10am-6 pm. 11 ave du Président Wilson (16th), 01.53.67.40.00. M° Alma-Marceau/ Trocadéro Musée d’Orsay A dramatically renovated former train station devoted to 19th and 20th century art, including the Impressionists, Manet, Van Gogh and Gauguin. Tue-Sun 9:30am-6pm, last tickets at 5pm. 1 rue de la Légion d’Honneur (7th), 01.40.49.48.14. M° Solférino Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace Here you will find 350 authentic aeroplanes, 1,000 scale models, thousands of works of art and one of the finest collections of aircraft in the world ranging from 17th century balloons to the Concorde. Tue-Sun 10am-5pm. Aéroport de ParisLe Bourget, 93352 Le Bourget, 01.49.92.70.00. Take the number 350 bus from the Gare du Nord directly to the museum. Musée de l’Orangerie In the heart of Paris in the Tuileries Garden this completely renovated museum allows the visitor to discover the spectacular ensemble of Monet’s Water Lilies in natural lighting as well as the 144 works of art in the Walter-Guillaume Collection (including Renoir, Cézanne, Modigliani, Matisse, Picasso, Derain, Soutine). Wed-Mon 9am- 6pm. Jardin des Tuileries, entrance Place de la Concorde (1st), 01.44.77.80.07. M° Concorde Twiztour \| Guided Tours (7th) 64 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP ARTS&ATTRACTIONS LISTINGS.indd 4 13/03/2015 09:07 Musée de la Magie Musée du Quai Branly A fantasy world awaits in this space devoted to magic. Beneath 16th century vaulted cellars are optical illusions, magic art and more. The visit winds up with a superb magic show. Wed, Sat, Sun and school holidays. 2pm-7pm. 11 rue Saint Paul (4th), 01.42.72.13.26. M° Saint-Paul An extensive and dramatically displayed collection of indigenous arts from Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Tue, Wed & Sun 11am-7pm, Thur, Fri & Sat 11am-9pm. 37 Quai Branly (7th), 01.56.61.70.00. M° Alma Marceau Musée de la Vie Romantique A lovely 19th century home and garden with mementos of George Sand and paintings by Ary Scheffer. Tue-Sun 10 am-6 pm. 16 rue Chaptal (9th), 01.55.31.95.67. M° Blanche Opened in 1984, the Wine Museum is a cultural center exhibiting the rich and varied collections of French wine housed in one of Paris’ oldest limestone quarries. Tue-Sat 10 am-6 pm. 5 Square Charles Dickens (16th), 01.45.25.70.89. M° Passy Musée des Arts Décoratifs Musée Galliera A semi-private museum with a fabulous collection of decorative arts-furniture, housewares, ceramics and porcelain, paintings and objets d’art, dating from the late Middle Ages to 21st century design, including a dozen sumptuously furnished period rooms. Tue-Fri 11 am-6 pm, Sat-Sun 10 am-6 pm, Thu until 9pm. 107 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.44.55.57.50. M° Palais Royal Musée des Arts et Métiers A marvelous display of some 3,000 scientific and technological discoveries and inventions through the centuries, including Pascal’s 1642 calculator and Foucault’s 1855 pendulum. TueSun 10 am-6 pm, Thu 10 am- 9:30 pm. 60 rue Réaumur (3rd), 01.53.01.82.00. M° Arts et Métiers Musée des Lettres et des Manuscrits Created in 2004, by ‘The International Academy of Arts and Collections’, this romantic museum houses the original document of Einstein-Besso regarding the theory of relativity, a rare partition from Mozart, letters from Napoleon and poems from Paul Eluard, Voltaire and Manet. Tues-Sun 10am-6pm, Thurs until 8pm. 222 blvd St-Germain (7th), 01.42.22.48.48. M° Rue du Bac Musée du Louvre One of the world’s most important art collections, including the Mona Lisa, European painting and sculpture, large-format 19th century French paintings, Greek, Roman and Egyptian antiquities. Open Wed-Mon 9 am-6 pm (to 9:45 pm Wed & Fri, reduced price after 6 pm). 99 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.40.20.53.17. M° Palais-Royal/Louvre-Rivoli Musée du Parfum - Fragonard Discover the world of perfume and perfume making in this delightful museum operated by Fragonard, the legendary Grasse-based perfume and essence maker ensconced in a superb Napoleon III town house. This year Fragonard is celebrating the lily of the valley. Free. Mon-Sat 9am-6pm, Sun and holidays 9am-5pm. 9 rue Scribe (9th), 01.47.42.04.56. M° Opéra Musée Picasso Musée du Vin Formerly the 19th century Palais de la Duchesse de Galliera, this is the city’s fashion museum. TueSun 10 am-6 pm. 10 ave Pierre 1er de Serbie (16th), 01.56.52.86.00. M° léna/Alma-Marceau Musée Grévin A wax museum displaying more than 300 life-sized historical and modern French and international figures. The restored Palais des Mirages plunges the visitor into a giant, mirrored kaleidoscope. Mon-Fri 10am-6:30pm, Sat-Sun, bank and school holidays 10am-7pm (last tickets one hour before closing). 10 blvd Montmartre (9th), 01.47.70.85.05. M° Grands Boulevards Musée Guimet This museum houses one of the most extensive collections of Asian art in Europe, displaying over 4,000 works of art from the continent’s myriad cultures and civilisations, spanning five millennia. Daily 10am-6pm, last entrance at 5:30pm, closed Tues. 6 Place d’Iéna (16th), 01.56.52.53.00. M° Iéna/Boissière Musée Jacquemart-André The mansion of 19th century magnate Edouard André and his wife Nélie Jacquemart, whose stunning collection of furniture and art includes an Italian section with works by Mantegna, Uccello and Botticelli. Daily 10am-6pm, Mon & Sat until 9:30pm (for temporary exhibitions only). 158 blvd Haussmann (8th), 01.45.62.11.59. M° Miromesnil Musée Marmottan Monet A beautiful and delightful museum in a private mansion housing the world’s largest collection of works by Claude Monet. Tues-Sun 10am-6pm (last tickets at 5:30pm), Thurs until 8pm. 2 rue Louis Boilly (16th), 01.44.96.50.33. M° La Muette Musée National de la Marine France’s fascinating maritime museum, with superb scale models of ships dating as far back as Louis XV. Mon-Fri 11am- 6pm/Sat & Sun 11am-7pm. Palais de Chaillot, 17 Place du Trocadéro (16th), 01.53.65.69.69. M° Trocadéro Musée de la Vie Romantique \| Museums & Fondations (9th) A major collection of Picasso’s works - paintings, drawings, sculptures, ceramics - displayed in a beautifully restored 17th century mansion in the trendy Marais district. Tues-Fri 11:30am-6pm, Sat & Sun 9:30am-6pm, late night until 9pm, the third Friday of the month. 5 rue Thorigny (3rd), 01.42.71.25.21. M° St Sébastien Froissart Musée Rodin Sculpture by Auguste Rodin, with works by his pupil and muse Camille Claudel, in a former private mansion, with its famous gardens and chapel. Tue-Sun 9:30am-5:45pm (last tickets 5:15 pm), late night Wed until 9pm; garden closes at 5:00 pm. 79 rue de Varenne (7th), 01.44.18.61.10. M° Varenne Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle A natural history museum famed for its Grande Galerie de l’Evolution, a stunning display of thousands of animal species with an area devoted to children. Other galleries house the rich collections of paleontology, comparative anatomy, mineralogy and geology. The galleries and exhibition halls are surrounded by the botanical gardens of Paris and one of the oldest zoological gardens in the world, the Ménagerie. The restored tropical greenhouses have reopened after a five-year face-lift. The Galerie des Enfants is a space geared for children aged 6-12 devoted to biodiversity and the environment. Wed-Mon 10 am-6 pm, Sat late night until 8 pm. Jardin des Plantes, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (5th), 01.40.79.54.79. M° Censier-Daubenton/Austerlitz Petit Palais The city’s fine arts museum, in a beautifully renovated 1900 building. The extensive permanent collection offers a panorama of art from antiquity to the early 20th century. TuesSun 10am-6pm, late night Thurs until 8pm. Ave Winston Churchill (8th), 01.53.43.40.00. M° Champs-Elysées Clemenceau Pinacothèque An exhibition space dedicated to the various forms of art showcasing superb exhibitions. Mon, Tues, Thurs, Sat, Sun 10:30am-6:30pm & Wed, Fri 10:30am-9:30pm. 28 Place de la Madeleine (8th), 01.42.68.02.01. M° Madeleine passes & practical information Le Kiosque Théâtre Offers tickets for shows on the same day at half price. Seats are available for most shows in theatres, café-théâtres and prestigious cabarets. Tues-Sat 12:30pm-8pm/ Sun12:30pm-4pm. Kiosque Madeleine: facing 15 Place de la Madeleine (8th). M° Madeleine; Kiosque Montparnasse: on the esplanade between the Tower and the Gare Montparnasse. M° Montparnasse-Bienvenue Musée National de la Marine \| Museums & Fondations (16th) w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 65 WP ARTS&ATTRACTIONS LISTINGS.indd 5 13/03/2015 09:07 Turn to page 74 to discover Miss Kō‘s Asian inpsirations Photo © Miss Kõ Restaurants \| Pastries \| French Cheese \| New Tables \| Fashionable Water 66 WHERE Pa r i s I a p r i l 2015 WP APR DINING.indd 66 dining Restaurants Le Duc Every great city has a small constellation of restaurants that are as immediately revealing of life in that city as any novel, film or play. In Paris, one of my favourites in this category is Le Duc, a long-running seafood house in Montparnasse that has been a favourite power table of the French elite ever since it first opened for business a generation ago. Le Duc was a preferred destination of the late French president FranÇois Mitterrand, a wonderfully avid gourmet, and during a recent dinner here, the room was well-cast with captains of industry, politicians, well-known media personalities and a countess or two for good measure. If this beau-monde clientele give the restaurant its particular atmosphere, they like their service cordial and complicit but never familiar, the charm of the dining room comes from the vintage yacht-cabin-inspired décor of brassframed windows and wood panelling by Slavik, who was perhaps the greatest restaurant designer in Paris during the 1970s. Happily, this old-school look hasn’t been updated, and neither has the menu, which is every bit as boldly modern today as it was when the Minchilli brothers completely changed the way that seafood is cooked in Paris by eschewing elaborate sauces in favour of minimalist preparations that showcased the natural tastes and textures of their consistently superb catch-of-theday. The menu reflects the seasonal best of France’s fisheries in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and will also occasionally star some seafood from other waters, like the huge plump Scottish langoustines I had as a first course. They came to the table with a pot of homemade ivory-coloured mayonnaise and were a feast in and of themselves. Other good first courses here include the excellent carpaccios, sautéed baby squid and oysters. Next up, roasted sea bass with baby clams and a perfectly made thyme-flecked beurre blanc for me and grilled sole for my friend. Desserts are often also-rans at seafood restaurants, but not at Le Duc, where the homemade millefeuille is one of the best in Paris and the baba au rhum, also fait maison, comes to the table with a cloud of just whipped cream and a bottle of best quality Martinique rum to season it with. Le Duc is an expensive restaurant, but this reflects the fact that best quality wild seafood, as opposed to farmed, is expensive, because it’s so scarce. So I’d highly recommend it to anyone who loves seafood and is looking for a special-occasion meal or who has decided that a good splurge now and again is doubtless good for increasing anyone’s life span. – Alexander Lobrano 243 blvd Raspail (14th), 01 43 20 96 30 Soluxe 59 © A.E. Thion Soluxe 59 What was once a Parisian mansion that Alfred Nobel called home now houses the fine dining establishment Soluxe 59, a Chinese restaurant offering traditional and contemporary dishes. In the kitchen three Chinese chefs skilfully prepare dishes to take you on a culinary voyage from Beijing to Hunan and to Guangzhou. The exceptional space, complete with private dining rooms, lends itself to a certain air of nobility, giving diners the luxury of dining in a home full of history. Accompanying the impressive décor is a delightful menu with dishes full of flavour including traditional seafood dim sum, marinated pork served with a Chinese barbecue sauce and tender beef flavoured with a chilli oil. For mains you will find sautéed prawns lightly flavoured with chilli and garlic and of course the Peking duck, served for two, the duck’s skin is rolled delicately into crepes while the meat is simply seasoned with salt and pepper or ginger if you prefer your duck with a spicier kick. - S.I. 59 ave Raymond Poincaré (16th), 01 56 90 33 18 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 67 WP APR DINING.indd 67 Restaurants Family Li Imperial Cuisine When it first opened in 1848, this charming auberge was in a semi-rural district on the edge of Paris and it attracted many of the capital’s great literary figures, including Victor Hugo, George Sand, and Alfred de Musset, who came in search of a bucolic respite from the city. Even though Paris has long since surrounded the old inn, it still has a delightful country aura to it, partly because a large tree grows through the roof of the enclosed sidewalk terrace and also because a stylish redesign by interior designer Pierre Canot has subtly amplified this atmosphere with walls of vertical greenery and a rustic chic feel created by moss green chairs and artisanal faience in rich colours. The mastermind behind this artful transformation is Garry Dorr, who’s proven himself to be one of the most innovative young restaurateurs in Paris since he oversaw the shrewd updating of his family’s much-loved Le Grand Bistro group of seven bistros serving a good-value, good-quality prix-fixe menu into a new format that pedigreed produce from star suppliers like butcher Hugo Desnoyer and vegetable grower Joel Thiebault at remarkably reasonable prices. In adding the Auberge du Moulin Vert to his stable, Dorr has revised the kitchen to propose several remarkable prix-fixe menus, including Le Menu Moulin Vert, which includes an aperitif, starter, main course, cheese, dessert, wine and coffee for 44 euros (there’s also a 19euro lunch menu that includes starter and main course, or main course and dessert, making it one of the best buys in the city right now). The other delicious innovation at the auberge is the new shellfish stand out front, which freshly shucks an impressive variety of Grand Cru oysters from the best producers in France. A variety of other shellfish, including lobsters and crabs, are also offered, and this restaurant offers a remarkably varied wine list, with some of the great wines of France served by the glass and an intriguing selection of wines from other countries, including Austria, Chile, Spain, and the United States. What really surprises about this place given the fact that it offers such good value for money is that the food is so good. Going along for dinner with a friend, I decided to do a full flush of the Auberge du Moulin Vert’s specialities, starting with a generous serving of sautéed wild mushrooms, grilled sole prepared tableside by the waiter, and a Grand Mariner soufflé, and I had an exceptionally good and well-served meal. And my friend was delighted by her duck foie gras, steak tartare from Hugo Desnoyer and lemon tart as part of the 44-euro menu. – A.L. 33 rue du Moulin Vert (14th), 01 45 39 31 31 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré (8th), 01 53 53 93 10 Family Li Imperial © Greg Gonzalez Auberge du Moulin Vert An elegant new Chinese restaurant not far from the avenue des Champs-Elysées is proposing an intriguingly unique and stunningly delicious opportunity to sample a contemporary version of the cooking that was once done for the Chinese court in the Forbidden City in Peking. This remarkable project is the work of the Li family, who had access to many 19th century imperial recipes and techniques because Ivan Li, the proprietor chef, is the great-grand-son of Zijia Li, who cooked daily for the Emperors Tongzhi and Guangxu. The menu at Family Li Imperial Cuisine includes many refined and remarkably delicate dishes like sautéed pheasant with fried noodles in a sauce of aged chicken bouillon, blue lobster cooked Peking style, and pork smoked with jasmine flowers and fruit wood with ‘crushed emeralds’, or a mash of baby peas and scallops. Service is as refined as the menu, and this restaurant is as good for a business meal as it is for a tête-à-tête. – A.L. 68 WHERE Pa r is I ap r il 2015 WP APR DINING.indd 68 13/03/2015 09:24 One of a Kind In Paris there is a quaint boutique for every yummy pastry you might crave. The everpresent trend of focusing and producing only one thing, albeit in different flavours, is proving very popular with Parisians. This month we bring you the latest sweet treats to join the trend offering sugar addicts yummy flavours to choose from. - S.I. Profiterole Chérie Les Petits Donuts This recently opened profiterole haven offers up to 10 different flavours to choose from with each profiterole delicately put together upon your order, guaranteeing freshness, and served in easy to carry containers making it easy to indulge in while you stroll through the Marais or you can enjoy your dessert in the pastel pink tea salon with a coffee or tea. Flavours include the vanilla dream Ma Chérie, filled with 2 kinds of vanilla ice-cream and covered in chocolate topping, and the gourmand Paris-Brest, filled with praline flavoured cream and covered with a milk chocolate and praline topping. As the name suggests, Les Petits Donuts is where you will find oven-baked donuts made fresh daily in the Parisian shop in the 11th arrondissement. Here you will find 10 different flavours ranging from the classic cinnamon sugar to the French-infused salted caramel to the rich Nutella Noisettes covered with caramelised hazelnuts. You need to get in early as they only make 100 donuts a day. Place your order by visiting [email protected]. Open Tuesday to Sunday. 17 rue Debelleyme (3rd) Open Tuesday to Saturday. 20 rue Chanzy (11th) 181x132 WHERE-AVRIL_14.qxp_Mise en page 1 07/03/2014 10:08 Page1 Trends come and go. Le Montparnasse 1900 remains. Step through the doors of Le Montparnasse 1900, which is a listed building, and find yourself at the heart of the Belle Époque in the locationʼs dazzling, authentic Art Nouveau décor. Your taste buds will be taken on an extraordinary journey too by our stylish reinterpretations of French culinary classics. Agence-pashmina.com a legendary restaurant in the 6th arondissement, Le Montparnasse 1900: a perfect day out, and an unforgettable experience! Le Montparnasse 1900 59, boulevard du Montparnasse - Paris 6th Tel. 01 45 49 1900 Open 7 days a week from 12 noon to 3pm and from 7pm to midnight. www.montparnasse-1900.com w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 69 WP APR DINING.indd 69 By Patricia Valicenti N o one can really say with certainty how many different kinds of cheeses are produced in France, but it is at least somewhere in the realm of the hundreds. Over 40 of them enjoy the AOC or controlled designation of origin label, the French certification for geographical indications. The first to obtain the label back in 1925 was Roquefort, an ewes’ milk cheese regarded as one of the oldest in the land and matured in a damp cave. Cheese, a highly nutritious food, remains an integral part of French gastronomy to be enjoyed on the gourmet landscape. The tea salon inside La Maison de la Chine has developed an original teatime serving generous portions (100 grams) of French cheeses paired not with wine but rather with tea with the cheeses being supplied by the fine cheese purveyor Marie Quatrehomme. The Fourme d’Ambert is served with smoky Lapsang Souchong and a fig and chopped walnut jelly, the Comté with Bai Mu Dan and quince jelly while the Saint-Nectaire is served with peach jelly flavoured with white wine, white pepper and cranberries. Inside the aptly named Chalet Savoyard a host of specialties featuring cheese can be sampled like festive fondue and raclette, but, there is also an array of refreshing salads featuring regional cheeses like Reblochon or the tasty Saint-Marcellin whose festival is being held in the town of Saint-Marcellin on April 4th. Meanwhile, a warm atmosphere awaits inside Heureux Comme Alexandre. The house serves various cheese fondues with ingredients that change with the season with the traditional Savoyard version Paroles de Fromagers workshop Cheese at La Maison de la Chine Hôtel Renaissance perfectly punctuated with a dash of pepper. The cosy restaurant is around the corner from one of the city’s well-known food shopping streets, rue Mouffetard, where no less than four fine cheese shops are located. To wend your way through the highly complex world of French cheese, a young and innovative cheese specialist has developed fun and educational workshops to thoroughly discover this French tradition. Pierre Brisson selects the fine cheeses from producers or those who age cheese, seeking out the best in traditionally produced cheeses to educate participants about the story behind cheese, how it’s made, how to taste it and how to choose it the next time you’re in a shop. The two-hour tasting sessions feature a wide range of cheeses, three or four different wines and freshly baked bread. A class for serious cheese lovers is available too, featuring 10 rare cheeses. Customised private tastings can be arranged as well. Makassar Lounge & Restaurant at the Hôtel Renaissance 39 ave Wagram (17th), 01 55 37 55 57 La Maison de La Chine 76 rue Bonaparte (6th), 01 40 51 95 17 Le Chalet Savoyard 58 rue de Charonne (11th), 01 48 05 13 13 Heureux Comme Alexandre 13 rue de Pot de Fer (5th), 01 43 36 66 46 Paroles de Fromagers Workshops held in four different gourmet venues depending upon the day. For the full calendar visit www.parolesdefromagers.com and to reserve email [email protected] or call 06 85 57 76 52. Paroles de Fromagers workshop © Paroles de Fromagers A delightful cheese bar that changes with the seasons can be enjoyed at the Makassar inside the Hôtel Renaissance. Currently on the agenda are delicious goat cheeses, including the Banon from Provence, which is matured in chestnut leaves, the creamy white Chabichou du Poitou, generally produced on farmsteads, and the fruity pélardon from the Cévennes region. A selection of jams, dried fruits and wines accompany the cheeses. La Maison de la Chine 70 WHERE Paris I april 2015 WP APR DINING.indd 70 Diners Club International and Discover Cards Are Welcomed WP FAUCHON.indd 1 26-30 place de la Madeleine - Paris 8th www.fauchon.com 09/03/2015 10:50 dining dining Restaurant Restaurant Advertorial Advertorial le le poulpry poulpry French cuisine, 7th French cuisine, 7th An address known by few in a former bourgeois mansion. A a world of charm and An address known by few in a former bourgeois mansion. A a world of charm and elegance within a stone’s throw of Musée d’Orsay. elegance within a stone’s throw of Musée d’Orsay. Monday to Friday Lunch & Dinner Monday to Friday Lunch & Dinner 12, rue de Poitiers, Paris 7th 12, rue de Poitiers, Paris 7th Metro: Solférino Metro: Solférino Tel: +33 (0)1 49 54 74 54 Tel: +33 (0)1 49 54 74 54 www.maisondesx.com www.maisondesx.com le le roland-garros roland-garros French cuisine, 16th French cuisine, 16th The restaurant Le Roland-Garros in the heart of the mythical stadium has a warm The restaurant Le Roland-Garros in the heart of the mythical stadium has a warm and friendly atmosphere. The Chef prepares original dishes that are contemporary and friendly atmosphere. The Chef prepares original dishes that are contemporary and refined, combining tradition and modernity. Open for Lunch and Dinner, dining and refined, combining tradition and modernity. Open for Lunch and Dinner, dining room with fireplace, brunch on Sundays. room with fireplace, brunch on Sundays. 2 bis avenue Gordon-Bennett, Paris 16th 2 bis avenue Gordon-Bennett, Paris 16th Tel: +33 (0)1 47 43 49 56 Tel: +33 (0)1 47 43 49 56 [email protected] [email protected] www.rolandgarros-salons.com www.rolandgarros-salons.com durand durand dupont dupont French cuisine / 92, Neuilly sur Seine French cuisine / 92, Neuilly sur Seine Situated on a quiet square in the west of Paris, next to Porte Maillot, Durand Dupont Situated on a quiet square in the west of Paris, next to Porte Maillot, Durand Dupont is an ideal table for a business lunch or a dinner in the cozy atmosphere. And from the is an ideal table for a business lunch or a dinner in the cozy atmosphere. And from the cellar, you can enjoy the ideal wine choosen by the best sommeliers to accompany a cellar, you can enjoy the ideal wine choosen by the best sommeliers to accompany a variety of dishes. For your starter sample the grilled baby squids with Espelette chili variety of dishes. For your starter sample the grilled baby squids with Espelette chili spices, followed by honeyed black cod with Laos rice, followed by fresh fruit salad with spices, followed by honeyed black cod with Laos rice, followed by fresh fruit salad with yoghurt ice cream for dessert. Open every day, service non stop from 8am to 1am. yoghurt ice cream for dessert. Open every day, service non stop from 8am to 1am. Brunch every Sunday. Afterwork Monday to Saturday evenings with Dj’s. Brunch every Sunday. Afterwork Monday to Saturday evenings with Dj’s. 14 Place du Marché (92 - Neuilly sur Seine), Metro: Porte Maillot / Les Sablons 14 Place du Marché (92 - Neuilly sur Seine), Metro: Porte Maillot / Les Sablons Tel: +33 (0)1 41 92 93 00 Tel: +33 (0)1 41 92 93 00 www.duranddupont.com www.duranddupont.com les les arts arts Close to the Trocadéro, in one of the most elegant late 19th century private mansions Close to the Trocadéro, in one of the most elegant late 19th century private mansions Beautiful terrace in the summer to experience fine French cuisine. Beautiful terrace in the summer to experience fine French cuisine. Monday to Friday Lunch & Dinner Monday to Friday Lunch & Dinner 9 bis, avenue d’Iéna, Paris 16th 9 bis, avenue d’Iéna, Paris 16th Metro: Iéna Metro: Iéna Tel: +33 (0)1 40 69 27 53 Tel: +33 (0)1 40 69 27 53 www.salons-artsetmetiers.com www.salons-artsetmetiers.com LesLes Arts Arts andand Le Le Poulpry Poulpry ©Jean-Pierre ©Jean-Pierre Salle Salle French cuisine / Paris 16th French cuisine / Paris 16th 72 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP DINING TIME.indd 1 dining Restaurants Les Chouettes The recently opened Les Chouettes restaurant is a wonderful address for locals, international jetsetters and anyone who enjoys dining on good food while surrounded by a chic ambiance. In the up-and-coming neighbourhood of Haut Marais, Les Chouettes is sprawled over three floors with an Eiffel-inspired staircase complete with iron beams, a bar and even a cosy library corner, and with a glass rooftop the light just illuminates the entire restaurant, shedding warming rays of light onto each table. In the kitchen, chef Alban Drevet, who was previously at the fine dining restaurant Laurent, has created a menu with 3 entrees, 3 main dishes and 3 desserts that frequently change depending on fresh produce and the chef’s inspirations, and could include delights such as a marinated red mullet filet served with a refreshing basil and fennel sorbet, roasted rib steak served with mushrooms lightly flavoured with parmesan cheese, and a Paris Brest for dessert with a creamy praline heart and caramelised hazelnuts. – S.I. Open daily from 8.30am to 1am, with continuous service. 32 rue de Picardie (3rd), 01 44 61 73 21 Victoria 1836 © Nicolas Matheus; Les Chouettes © Guillaume de Laubier Victoria 1836 Almost two years after L’Arc restaurant closed down, Victoria 1836 has opened its doors to reveal the same exceptional view of the Arc de Triomphe but with a very new setting. Victoria 1836’s dining room offers a contemporary décor, courtesy of Sarah Lavoine, with a subtle reference to the 70s with very sleek armchairs and deep turquoise velour seats adding the only touch of colour to the restaurant’s wood and white theme, letting the view and the natural light coming from the large windows be the main attraction. In the kitchen chef Alexandre Auger, who previously worked alongside Yannick Alléno at Le Meurice, creates contemporary French dishes to be enjoyed while taking in the unique view. Dishes include foie gras, lightly salted and served with toasted French sourdough bread, a delicious take on the classic croque-monsieur flavoured with truffles and the chef’s favourite, veal chop served with mashed potatoes. – S.I. 12 rue de Presbourg (16th), 01 44 17 97 72 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 73 WP APR DINING.indd 73 dining Restaurants Miss Kõ On the chic avenue George V, serving delicious contemporary Japanese fare all day, is the colourful Miss Kō restaurant. Designed by Philippe Starck, Miss Kō is flavoured with Japanese pop art for the décor, which creates a fun ambiance to enjoy the equally flavoursome menu. If you love sushi then you have come to the right place as the menu features sashimi and nigiri as well as interestingly named sushi rolls such as the Rainbow Samourai with salmon, avocado and a spicy mango sauce. The menu is also infused with a cosmopolitan Parisian taste with Miss Lollipop, a crispy rice and foie gras lollipop flavoured with prunes and a foie gras sauce, and the Micha Miss You salad, a refreshing sweet and sour healthy option with grilled halloumi cheese, avocado and tomato sitting in a bed of noodles, julienne carrots and cucumber, and deliciously seasoned with a yuzu sauce. – S.I. 51 ave George V (8th), 01 53 67 84 60 Only in a city as richly endowed with monuments and marvels as Paris could one of the world’s most beautiful restaurants, Le Pharamond, a listed national landmark since 1988, sort of slip under so many people’s radar. The fascinating story of this restaurant in Les Halles, the old market district in the heart of the city, began in 1832 when the Pharamond family moved to Paris from Normandy with the idea of introducing Parisians to some of the great specialities of their home province, notably tripes à la mode de Caen, or tripes stewed in cider as prepared in the city of Caen. The business thrived and moved to its current address in 1879. Then in 1898, on the eve of the Universal Exhibition of 1900, the Pharamonds completely redecorated their restaurant with the lavish art-nouveau tile interior that it has today. Though the restaurant is no longer family owned, chefs Henri Boutier and Sandrine Esteves perpetuate Le Pharamond’s Norman heritage by continuing to offer a variety of specifically Norman dishes, including scallop carpaccio, foie gras seasoned with apple liqueur, veal chops from the Auge region of Normandy, chicken braised in Père Jules cider, andouillette, and a fine selection of Norman cheeses, including Camembert and Pont l’Evêque. Don’t miss the tiramisu à la Normande for dessert— it’s garnished with apples and Calvados. – A.L. 24 rue de la Grande Truanderie (1st), 01 73 20 21 03 Miss Kõ © Thomas Duval 74 WHERE Paris I april 2015 WP APR DINING.indd 74 The abuse of alcohol is dangerous to your health, to be consumed with moderation GRAND BISTRO SMALL CHECK UNIQUE IN PARIS All inclusive menu From the appetizer to coffee, a wide choice of 12 entrees, IGNATURE ENU 12 dishes, 12 desserts and 7 wines S M ALL NCLUSIVE € it For 44Ie, you’ve44 got TRADITIONNAL FRENCH CUISINE SEASONAL PRODUCTS Complementary glass of champagne upon presentation of this page LE GRAND BISTRO Traditional french cuisine Traditional french cuisine th Indonesian cuisine Indonesian cuisine st 414 Place de Clichy, Paris 18 (Metro: Place de Clichy) th 414 4Tel:Place 01 45de 22Clichy, 53 24 Paris 18 (Metro: Place de Clichy) 4Tel: 01until 45 22 53 24 4Daily 12:30 am 4Daily 12:30menu am 30€ 4Lunchuntil & Dinner 4Lunch & Dinner menu 30€ 4Set-menu 24.50€ 4Set-menu 24.50€ 4English spoken 4English spoken 4www.wepler.com 4www.wepler.com 49 rue Vauvilliers, Paris 1 49 rue Vauvilliers, Paris 1st 4Metro: Louvre / Les Halles 4Metro: Louvre Les Halles 4Tel: 01 45 08 83/ 11 4Tel: 01every 45 08day 83 11 4Open until 1am except Mondays 4Open every day until 1am except 4Balinese dancing on Friday nightsMondays 4Balinese dancing on Friday 4Special discovery menu, thenights Rijsttafel: 25-55€ 4Special discovery menu, the Rijsttafel: 25-55€ 4www.djakarta-bali.com 4www.djakarta-bali.com One of the finest French onion soups in the One of the finest French the capital, savour crayfi sh inonion cherrysoups sauce,inlobsters capital, savouracrayfi sh infrom cherry sauce, lobsters from Brittany, marmite Marseille served from Brittany, a marmite Marseille served as a bouillabaisse and thefrom Wepler classics from as a bouillabaisse and the Wepler classics from potted duck to savoury sauerkrauts. potted duck to savoury sauerkrauts. Imagine a little gem of a place, serene and Imagine a little gemwith of abatiks place,and serene and refined, decorated Javanese refi ned, decorated with batiks and Javanese puppets, just around the corner from the Louvre. puppets, just around the corner from the Louvre. Enjoy delicate foods from Java, Sumatra and Bali. Enjoy delicate foods from Java, Sumatra and Bali. SANTOOR SANTOOR CAFÉ DU THÉÂTRE CAFÉ DU THÉÂTRE 430 rue Marbeuf, Paris 8th 430 rue Marbeuf, Paris 8th 4Metro: Franklin D. Roosevelt 4Metro: Franklin 4Tel: 01 42 56 33 D. 18Roosevelt 4Tel: 01 42L&D, 56 33 4Mon-Sat Sun18 D only 4Mon-Sat L&D, Sun D only 4www.restaurant-indien-santoor.fr 4www.restaurant-indien-santoor.fr 427 rue des Mathurins, Paris 8 (Metro: Madeleine) 427 des65 Mathurins, Paris 8th (Metro: Madeleine) 4Tel:rue 01 42 32 96 4Tel: 0111am 42 65to323:30pm 96 4Mon: 4Mon: 11am to 3:30pm 4Tues to Fri: 11am to midnight 4Tues to Fri: to midnight 4Sat: 5pm to11am midnight 4Sat: 5pm to midnight Indian cuisine Indian cuisine Traditional french cuisine Traditional french cuisine th Specializing in tandoori (Indian barbecue) Specializing in tandoori (Indian and curries, both spicy and mild,barbecue) served in and curries, both spicy and served in beautiful surroundings withmild, silk paintings beautiful surroundings with silk paintings and antique-style carved wooden crafts. and antique-style carved wooden crafts. Two minutes walk from the Champs-Elysées. Two minutes walk from the Champs-Elysées. This typically Parisian establishment serves This typicallyFrench Parisianfare establishment serves homemade (and excellent homemade French fare (and excellent cheeseburgers). The menu offers up cold cheeseburgers). The menu ers up cold platters like a mixed plate ofoffcold cuts and platters like a mixed plate of cold cuts cheese, large salads, steak tartar, Kaspiaand cheese, salads, tartar, Kaspia smokedlarge salmon andsteak homemade chips. smoked salmon and homemade chips. Pre-theatre suppers. Pre-theatre suppers. A kir is offered to readers of Where. A kir is offered to readers of Where. NOS ANCÊTRES LES GAULOIS NOS ANCÊTRES LES GAULOIS Medieval ambiance Medieval ambiance 439 rue Saint-Louis en l’Ile, Paris 4th Ile Saint-Louis th 439 rue Saint-Louis l’Ile, 4Metro: Pont Marie;en Tel: 01 Paris 46 33466Ile 07Saint-Louis 4Metro: Pont Marie; Tel: 01 at 4640 33€66 07 4All-inclusive menu priced 4All-inclusive 40€only, noon-3pm 4Daily, D, frommenu 7pm, priced L, Sat &atSun 4Daily, D, from 7pm, L, Sat & Sun only, noon-3pm 4www.nosancetreslesgaulois.com 4www.nosancetreslesgaulois.com Dine in hearty, bountiful Gaulic splendour fit Dine in hearty, bountiful Gaulic splendour fit for a feast. for a feast. Enjoy the rustic décor and tavern ambiance, a Enjoy the rustic and tavern ambiance, a great board anddécor rousing guitar music. great board and rousing guitar music. The all-inclusive menu, priced at 40€, features The all-inclusive menu, features meats grilled over the fipriced re and at all 40€, the Bordeaux meats grilled over the fi re and all the Bordeaux wine you need served from the pitcher. wine you need served from the pitcher. LE LAMFÉ LE LAMFÉ LE LOUCHÉBEM LE LOUCHÉBEM Traditional french cuisine Traditional french cuisine st 431 rue Berger, Paris 1 (Metro: Châtelet / Les Halles) st 431 rue Berger, 4Tel: 01 42 33 12Paris 99 1 (Metro: Châtelet / Les Halles) 4Tel: 01 42 33 means 12 99 butcher 4Louchébem 4Louchébem means butcher 4A meat eater’s paradise, a historic grill room 4A meat Sundays eater’s paradise, a historic grill room 4Closed 4Closed Sundays 4www.le-louchebem.fr 4www.le-louchebem.fr This quintessential les Halles butcher’s This quintessential Halles butcher’s restaurant proffers les a full gamut of meat dishes. restaurant proffers a full gamut of meat dishes. The pot roast salad is superb and the unique The potcan roast is superb the unique all you eatsalad platter of beef,and roast ham and all can eat platterisofnot beef, ham and legyou of lamb at 23,90€ to roast be missed. leg of lamb at 23,90€ is not to be missed. ZITI ZITI Traditional french cuisine Traditional french cuisine st Italian restaurant Italian restaurant Succulent meats from the butcher are Succulent meatshere. fromInventive, the butcher are to be savoured refined to be savoured here. crispy Inventive, refined appetizers including thyme-fl avoured appetizers crispy thyme-flavoured camembertincluding are worth the detour. camembert are worth the detour. The calf’s liver is a sheer delight and the The calf’s liver is aand sheer and the ambiance warm fulldelight of charm. ambiance warm and full of charm. Classic Italian specialties are served in this Classic Italianoff specialties are served inStarters this lively eatery the Champs-Elysées. lively eatery off the Champs-Elysées. Starters include a bresaola-based salad and Parma include a bresaola-based and Parma ham aged for 20 months. salad Homemade pastas ham for 20 months. pastas are onaged the agenda with forHomemade example linguine are on the agenda with for example linguine in tuna and tomato sauce. in tuna and tomato sauce. 47 rue des Prouvaires, Paris 1 (Metro: Châtelet / Les 47 rue Tel: des01 Prouvaires, Paris 1st (Metro: Châtelet / Les Halles); 45 08 04 10 Halles); 01 45the 08 butcher’s 04 10 4LamféTel: means wife 4Lamfé 4Specialmeans Salers the beefbutcher’s menu at wife 19.90€ 4Special Salers beef menu 4Unlimited carpaccio: 21.90at€19.90€ 4Unlimited carpaccio: 21.90€ 4Closed Sundays and Mondays 4Closed Sundays and Mondays 4www.lamfe.fr 4www.lamfe.fr 460 rue Pierre Charron , Paris 8th 460 rue Pierre Charron , Paris 8th 4Metro: Franklin Roosevelt 4Metro: Franklin 4Tel: 01 45 63 48 Roosevelt 48 4Tel: 01 45 63 48 48 lunch and dinner from noon 4Monday-Saturday, 4Monday-Saturday, lunch from and dinner from noon -3pm and in the evening 7pm-midnight -3pm and in the evening from 7pm-midnight 4www.ziti.fr 4www.ziti.fr 76 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP GOURMET PARIS.indd 1 dining Fashionable Water Water is the New Black Popular boutique Colette is constantly in search to find new and unique things for its clients, and it certainly doesn’t get any more unique than black water. blk, the first black natural mineral water, is infused with fulvic minerals, which make the water black. With no added colourings or additives blk is 100% natural, and with a high pH level, it helps the body neutralise acidity and keeps it hydrated. Drinking water has never been more fashionable. Available at Colette THE CHOCOLATIER OF KINGS AND THE KING OF CHOCOLATIERS Founded in 1800, supplier to the Kings of France, we offer more than 40 varieties of chocolates, from old-fashioned pralines to the creamy rasberry or coffee-ﬂavoured ganache. Aﬁcionados will love our chocolate bars made from different varieties of chocolate beans and orange peel Opening Hours: Monday to Saturday 9.30am to 7.30pm 30 rue des Saints-Pères, 75007 Paris = Tel: 01 45 48 54 67 = M° Saint-Germain-des-Prés 33 rue Vivienne, 75002 Paris = M° Bourse 333 N Bedford Road, Suite 150, Mt. Kisco, NY 10549 = Tel: 914 244 89 98 www.debauve-et-gallais.com = www.debauveandgallais.com w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 77 WP APR DINING.indd 77 dining For more detailed listings \| wheretraveler.com/paris Around Louvre & PALAis royAL (1st, 2nd) Aux Lyonnais - Bistro (€€) A beautiful 1890 bistro now co-owned by superchef Alain Ducasse, offering spiffed-up and modernized Lyon specialties: baked eggs with crawfish, roast chicken with mushrooms, tomatoes and onions in vinegar glaze. Tue-Fri L&D, Sat D. 32 rue St-Marc (2nd),01.42.96.65.04. M° Richelieu-Drouot Beef Club - Bistro (€€€) As its name implies this bistro serves fine beef and meat dishes. Sumptuous cuts of beef are served baked or grilled and the burgers are served on a homemade bun. Starters include oysters, beef marrow and asparagus. Daily D only. 58 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1st), 09.54.37.13.65. M° Etienne Marcel Bistro Volnay - Bistro (€€€) La Cuisine de l’E7 - Contemporary (€€€) In the lively 2nd arrondissement and two minutes away from the magnificent opera house is where you can enjoy seasonal contemporary cuisine at Hotel Edouard 7’s restaurant. Dishes include a roasted goats cheese salad seasoned with caramelised fig and honey and salmon tartar served with buckwheat crepes. Mon-Fri L & D. 39 ave de l’Opéra (2nd), 01.42.61.56.90. M˚ Opéra Le Baudelaire - Modern Classic (€€€) At this one-star restaurant, opening onto a quiet patio in the Burgundy Hotel, Chef Pierre Rigothier prepares seasonal products underscored by a menu that changes regularly while pastry chef Julien Chamblas prepares delicious desserts. L, Mon-Fri, D, Tues-Sat. 6-8 rue Duphot (1st), 01.42.60.34.12. Mº Madeleine Le Grand Vefour - Modern Classic (€€€€) Good, authentic French food in a relaxed, friendly setting with a first-rate wine list including an excellent value Volnay. The cheese tray is superb and generously served. Mon-Fri L&D. 8 rue Volney (2nd), 01.42.61.06.65. Mº Opéra The opulent two-star restaurant in the Palais Royal arcades that has been serving the Parisian beau monde since the 1700s. Among chef Guy Martin’s superb dishes are the foie gras ravioli with truffle jus. Mon-Fri L&D, Fri. L only. 17 rue de Beaujolais (1st), 01.42.96.56.27. Mº Palais Royal Bistrot Richelieu - Classic French (€€) Le Lamfé - Classic French (€) This bistro with an inviting terrace serves up traditional French fare. Typical classics like onion soup and snails from Burgundy can be savoured for starters. Continuous service 9am-11:30pm. Mon-Fri L&D, Sat D only. 45 rue de Richelieu (1st), 01.42.60.19.16. Mº Palais Royal Djakarta Bali - Indonesian (€) An excellent restaurant run by a charming, English-speaking brother-and-sister team. Try lumpia (deep-fried spring rolls), or ayam jahe (chicken caramelized in ginger). Tue-Sun L&D. 9 rue Vauvilliers (1st), 01.45.08.83.11. Mº Louvre-Rivoli Goust - Gourmet (€€€) Located on the first floor of a Napoleon III mansion, this one-star restaurant near the Place Vendôme offers gastronomic Mediterraneanstyle cuisine accompanied by first-rate service. Tues-Sun. L&D. 10 rue Volney (2nd), 01 40 15 20 30. M° Opéra Kinugawa - Japanese (€€€) Footsteps from the Place Vendôme, this mythical Japanese restaurant has been re-designed by the architects Gilles & Boissier. Chef Ozuru, formerly of Nobu Paris, prepares Japanese gastronomy that brings together the traditional and the modern. Mon-Sun L&D. 9 rue Mont Thabor (1st), 01.42.60.65.07. M° Tuileries Serving traditional cuisine in a cosy ambiance with plenty of charm. Once you’ve settled in, the staff will suggest a list of starters like the baked Camembert with thyme or the home-made foie gras from Les Landes. Tues-Sat L&D until 11pm. 7 rue des Prouvaires (1st), 01.45.08.04.10. Mº Châtelet Le Meurice-Alain Ducasse - Modern Classic (€€€€€) A stunning 18th-century room offers a gastronomic menu featuring sumptuous 3-star cuisine that changes with the seasons. Daily B, L (except Sat), D. Hôtel Meurice, 228 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.44.58.10.44. Mº Tuileries Le Louchebem - Bistro (€) Located in the heart of the historic Les Halles district, this establishment is currently in the hands of the fourth generation of the same family. From the cooked ham on the bone to an authentic salad of pot au feu, everything here is homemade. Mon-Sat L&D. 31 rue Berger (1st), 01.42.33.12.99. Mº Châtelet/Les Halles Le Lulli - Classic French (€€€) This delightful restaurant located in the Grand Hôtel du Palais Royal offers fine cuisine in a winter garden setting. Recent starters included a mixed beet salad or local cabbage with foie gras while seasonal offerings for main dishes might include lobster with curry or an elegantly prepared breast of pigeon. B daily, Mon-Fri L & D. 4 rue de Valois (1st), 01 42 96 72 20. M° Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre Le Soufflé - Classic French (€€) This is the place to taste one of France’s finest specialties, the souffle. Attentive service and superb quality await in this restaurant established in 1961. Faithful to traditional cuisine, in addition to over 20 different kinds of souffles, a classic French menu is proposed. Mon-Sat L&D. 36 rue du Mont Thabor (1st), 01.42.60.27.19. Mº Concorde La Tour de Montlhéry -Chez Denise - Bistro (€€) This traditional bistro serves up excellent, copious fare in the Les Halles neighbourhood where the city’s great food market once was. The chips and terrines are house-made, calf’s liver is done up English style and the beef is from the Limousin region of France. Mon-Fri L&D, open until 5am. 5 rue des Prouvaires (1st), 01.42.36.21.82. M° Les Halles Le MArAis (3rd, 4th) Bofinger - Brasserie (€€) A landmark brasserie with a sensational Belle Epoque decor. Keep it simple here: steak tartare, oysters and big seafood platters. Daily L&D until 1 am. 5-7 rue de la Bastille (4th), 01.42.72.87.82. M° Bastille Don Juan II - Gourmet (€€€€) The Don Juan II is filled with the charm and elegance of a great yacht, offering a delicious cruise through the heart of Paris. In a calm and luxurious atmosphere enjoy the gastronomic cuisine of Guy Krenzer, who has been awarded the finest craftsman of France title. Daily D. Port Henri IV (4th), 01.44.45.14.71. M° Sully-Morland Georges - World Cuisine (€€€) Trendy restaurant on the roof of the Pompidou Center, with surprisingly good world cuisine (crispy duck, swordfish with coriander), a spaceage decor and a spectacular view. Wed-Mon L&D until 2 am. Centre Pompidou, level 6. Place Pompidou (4th), 01.44.78.47.99. Mº Rambuteau L’Ambroisie - Haute Cuisine (€€€€€) In a beautiful 17th century mansion in the Place des Vosges, media-shy three-star chef Bernard Pacaud is renowned for splendid renditions of deceptively simple dishes such as lobster ravioli with truffles or langoustine feuillantine with sesame and curry. Tue-Sat L&D. 9 Place des Vosges (4th), 01.42.78.51.45. Mº St-Paul L’Ami Louis - Bistro (€€€€€) A classic bistro known for huge portions of foie gras and exorbitant prices. People tend to love it or hate it, and well-heeled tourists reserve weeks Reservations for most restaurants are strongly advised. Check when booking that the restaurant will accept your credit card. B, L&D: Breakfast, lunch & dinner only. Ze Kitchen Galerie \| Fusion (6th) Beef Club \| Bistro (1st) 78 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP DINING LISTINGS.indd 2 in advance. Wed-Sun L&D. 32 rue du Vertbois (3rd) 01.48.87.77.48. M° Arts et Métiers Le Sergent Recruteur - Gourmet (€€€) This one-star restaurant serves market-based cuisine that changes on a daily basis. Meats of an exceptional quality, fresh-caught fish from the Loire River, homemade butter and a blend of coffee made especially for the house are all on the agenda. Tues-Sun L&D. 41 rue St-Louis-en-L’Ile (4th), 01.43.54.75.43. M° Pont Marie Minimes - Brasserie (€€€) This brasserie in the Marais neighbourhood serves contemporary French cuisine in a relaxing atmosphere with an upstairs dining room offering a boudoir décor. Enjoy a classic foie gras or a fresh artichoke salad flavoured with truffle oil. Daily B, L&D. 36 rue de Turenne (3rd), 01.42.71.36.70. M° Chemin Vert Nos Ancêtres Les Gaulois - Classic French (€€) Dine in hearty, bountiful Gaulic splendour fit for a feast. Enjoy the rustic décor and tavern ambiance, a great board and rousing guitar music. Daily, D, from 7pm, L, Sat & Sun only, noon-3pm. 39 rue St Louis en l’Ile (4th), 01.46.33.66.07. Mº Pont Marie Hélène Darroze - Southwestern French (€€) Young chef Hélène Darroze serves up southwestern French specialties in this contemporary one-star restaurant. The casual ground floor Salon d’Hélène serves upscale tapas. Tue-Sat L&D. 4 rue d’Assas (6th), 01.42.22.00.11. Mº Sèvres Babylone L’Agrume - Bistro (€€) This delightful bistro near the Jardin des Plantes offers inventive dishes bursting with flavours. Chef Franck Marchesi-Grandi changes the menu nearly every day in his open kitchen. The service is friendly and casual. Tues-Sat L&D, Mon, L only. 15 rue des Fossés Saint-Marcel (5th), 01.43.31.86.48. M° Saint-Marcel/Les Gobelins La Méditerranée - Seafood (€€) A bright and beautiful, mostly seafood restaurant with marvelous wall paintings and a glasswalled terrace facing the Odéon theater. It once welcomed the likes of Liz Taylor and Orson Welles, as the discreet photos on the stairwell attest. Daily L&D until 11 pm. 2 Place de l’Odéon (6th), 01.43.26.02.30. M° Odéon meats and finely prepared dishes. Daily L&D. 59 blvd Montparnasse (6th), 01.45.49.19.00. Mº Montparnasse-Bienvenue Relais Louis XIII - Classic French (€€€€) In a wood-beamed medieval townhouse, twostar chef Manuel Martinez serves delicious dishes revolving around seasonal products. Fine wine list. Tue-Sat, L&D. 8 rue des Grands-Augustins (6th), 01.43.26.75.96. Mº St-Michel Taokan - Chinese (€€€) Contemporary Chinese gastronomy is served in this elegantly decorated restaurant. An excellent dim sum is among the offerings while starters include crispy shrimp rolls or peppery beef with a tasty herb salad. Mon-Sat L&D. 8 rue du Sabot (6th), 01.42.84.18.36. M° St-Sulpice Ze Kitchen Galerie - Fusion (€€) Ze silly name aside, chef William Ledeuil’s chic restaurant offers excellent soups, marinated fish, pasta starters and main courses a la plancha. Mon-Fri L&D, Sat D. 4 rue des Grands-Augustins (6th), 01.44.32.00.32. Mº St Michel Lapérouse - Gourmet (€€€) English restaurateur Terence Conran’s big, cool, noisy brasserie-bar, with contemporary French and fusion dishes such as scallops with grapefruit and green papaya. Daily L&D until 1 am. 62 rue Mazarine (6th), 01.53.10.19.99. Mº Odéon This elegant restaurant on the Seine serves finely prepared gastronomic French cuisine. Starters include crayfish ravioli or foie gras with 12 spices. A nice main course is the aged house steak. Private dining rooms may be reserved as well. Mon-Fri L&D, Sat, D only. 51 Quai des Grands Augustins (6th), 01.43.26.68.04. Mº St-Michel Around the eiffeL tower & Les invALides (7th) Au Moulin à Vent - Bistro (€€) La Tour D’Argent - Classic French (€€€€€) Located on the 1st floor of the Eiffel Tower this is a great place for a lunch or dinner while enjoying a breathtaking view. This restaurant proffers a chic picnic for lunch, among the offerings: seared salmon, Caesar salad and gourmet hamburgers (served until 5:30). Daily L&D. Champ de Mars (7th), 08.25.56.66.62. Mº Ecole Militaire La Truffière - Southwestern French (€€€) Three-star chef Alain Passard’s menu is now half vegetarian serving ravioli with vegetables, Cévennes onions with Parmesan, and his famous tomato dessert - though carnivores can find dishes like squab with sugared almonds. Mon-Fri L&D. 84 rue de Varenne (7th), 01.47.05.09.06. M° Varenne QuArtier LAtin & sAint-GerMAin (5th, 6th) Alcazar - Brasserie (€€€) This charming bistro located in one of the oldest neighbourhoods in Paris is known for the quality of its Salers beef and its specialties of the Beaujolais region. Tues–Fri L&D/Sat D only. 20 rue des Fossés-StBernard (5th), 01.43.54.99.37. M° Jussieu Café de Flore - Bistrot (€€) The legendary café made famous in the 1950s by Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and other Left Bank intellectuals. The atmosphere is still Parisian, the fare limited to (expensive) drinks and light snacks and traditional desserts. Daily 7:30 am-1:30 am. 172 blvd Saint-Germain (6th), 01.45.48.55.26. Mº St-Germain-des-Prés Café des Deux Magots - Café (€€) The other legendary Left Bank café, still going strong long after its 1950s heyday. The prices are equally high, but it remains an authentic Parisian favourite. Daily 7:30 am-1:30 am. 6 Place St-Germain (6th), 01.45.48.55.25. Mº St-Germain-des-Prés A Paris institution from another era, now with only one star, but still offering its famous numbered pressed duck and an absolutely magical view of Notre-Dame. Tues-Sat L&D. 15-17 Quai de la Tournelle (5th), 01.43.54.23.31. Mº Maubert-Mutualité Cozy one-star restaurant in a 17th century vaulted cellar serving southwestern French cuisine, including foie gras and black and white truffle dishes, and menus that change with the seasons. 2,400 bottle wine list. Tue-Sun L&D. 4 rue de Blainville (5th), 01.46.33.29.82. Mº Place Monge Le Montparnasse 1900 - Classic French (€€) Sumptuous food in a sumptuous decor. A stunning Art Nouveau setting in this registered historical monument surrounds you as you delight in a fine selection of grilled 58 Tour Eiffel - Classic French (€€) Arpege - Contemporary (€€€€€) Jules Verne - Haute Cuisine (€€€€) This gastronomic gem is a very expensive restaurant in the Eiffel Tower taken over by multiple-star chef Alain Ducasse. The Jules Verne has been awarded one Michelin star. Treat yourself to “haute-cuisine” with the most spectacular view of Paris. Daily L&D. Eiffel Tower, 2nd floor (7th), 01.45.55.61.44. Mº Bir-Hakeim L’Ami Jean - Classic French (€€€) Don’t let the banal facade confuse you, this is a great choice for authentic French cooking. Chef Key to dining prices per person for 3 courses without wine: € = 30€ or less, €€ = 31-50€, €€€ = 51-100€, €€€€ = 101-150€, €€€€€ = 150€ and above. Relais Louis XIII \| Classic French (6th) Jules Verne \| Haute Cuisine (7th) w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 79 WP DINING LISTINGS.indd 3 13/03/2015 10:00 dining Address Book Stéphane Jégo serves up generous portions of regional delicacies, with an accent on wild game, as well as delicious seafood platters. Tues-Sat L&D. 27 rue Malar (7th), 01.47.05.86.89. Mº La Tour-Maubourg L’Atelier de Joël Robuchon - Bistronomy (€€€) The 2-star lunch-counter restaurant of chef Joel Robuchon serves contemporary French dishes such as a foie gras burger. Daily L&D until 11 pm. 5 rue Montalembert (7th), 01.42.22.56.56. M° Rue du Bac Les Ombres - Contemporary (€€€€) The spectacular glass-domed rooftop restaurant of Musée du Quai Branly, directly beneath the Eiffel Tower. Contemporary French with an exotic touch: foie gras terrine with mango chutney, roast lamb with gingerbread and zucchini ravioli. Daily L&D. 27 Quai Branly (7th), 01.47.53.68.00. Mº Alma-Marceau Around the ChAMPs-eLysées (8th) 114 Faubourg - Brasserie (€€€) An elegant one-star establishment in the Bristol Hotel proffers superb cooking from threestar chef Eric Frechon in a delightful duplex space. 7/7, L&D. 114 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th) , 01.53.43.44.44. Mº Miromesnil 39V - Contemporary (€€€) This glamorous one-star restaurant, in the heart of the Golden Triangle, sports a modern, streamlined décor. The grilled langoustines in a light citrus sauce are excellent as is the cheesecake. Mon-Fri L&D. 39 ave George V (8th), 01.56.62.30.05. Mº George V Apicius - Contemporary (€€€€) The one-star restaurant of chef Jean-Pierre Vigato, offering a mix of (very expensive) modern and country cooking: lobster ravioli, potato charlotte with caviar. Mon-Fri L&D. 20 rue d’Artois (8th), 01.43.80.19.66. Mº St-Philippe-du-Roule Bateaux-Mouches - Classic French (€€€) Enjoy a romantic dinner cruise on the Seine river enchanted by violin and piano music. Daily departures for dinner at 8:30pm. On Sat, Sun and public holidays lunches at 1pm (with country music). Port de la Conférence, Pont de l’Alma (8th), 01.42.25.96.10. Mº Alma-Marceau Caviar House & Prunier - Caviar (€€€€) Next door to the competition, the caviar shop and restaurant annex of Prunier (16th), specializing in French caviar. Mon-Sat L&D. 15 Place de la Madeleine (8th), 01.47.42.98.98. M° Madeleine Epicure - Gourmet (€€€€€) The beautiful dining room looks out over the hotel’s French garden and is a perfect setting for three-star chef Eric Frechon’s remarkable cuisine and superb desserts by pastry chef Laurent Jeannin. Daily L&D. Hôtel Le Bristol, 112 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.53.43.43.00. Mº Miromesnil Fauchon Le Café - Gourmet (€€) This temple to gastronomy is open all day and is a cosy yet sleek restaurant featuring fine and varied fare from foie gras to vanilla millefeuilles. Offering a great view of Place de la Madeleine. Mon-Sat 9am-midnight, B, L&D. Closed Sun. 30 Place de la Madeleine (8th), 01.70.39.38.39. Mº Madeleine L’Astor - Gourmet (€€€) Chef Nicolas Clavier’s original and creative dishes include a foie gras and smoked eel delight or seabass in ceviche for starters followed by a snacked cod fish fillet or a Black Angus rib-steak Rossini as a main. Mon-Fri L&D. 11 rue d’Astorg (8th), 01.53.05.05.20. Mº St-Augustin La Scène - Gourmet (€€€€) This gastronomic restaurant in the Prince de Galles hotel offers an authentic and generous cuisine using remarkable products. For a fish course, succulent French lobster is a fine choice while meat dishes include fine milk-fed veal and wild hare from the Beauce region. Mon-Sat B, L&D, Sun Brunch. 33 ave George V (8th), 01.53.23.78.52. Mº George V Laurent - Gourmet (€€€€) This gourmet 1-star Michelin restaurant serving sophisticated cuisine in a beautiful setting with a garden is a Parisian institution. The finest produce and products are used to prepare seasonal French cuisine with a contemporary touch. Mon-Fri L & D, Sat D only. 41 ave Gabriel (8th), 01.42.25.00.39. M° Champs-Elysées Clemenceau La Table du Lancaster - Fusion (€€€€) This delightful two-star establishment serves creative, light and elegant meals crafted by chef Julien Roucheteau whose seasonal menus revolve around a specific product. Mon-Fri L&D, Sat-Sun D. Hôtel Lancaster, 7 rue de Berri (8th), 01.40.76.40.18. Mº George V Le 68 par Guy Martin - Contemporary (€€) Tucked away downstairs in the historic Guerlain boutique is a restaurant bursting with flavourful dishes. The menu and restaurant have been conceived by starred chef Guy Martin and the dishes draw their inspiration from Guerlain’s famous fragrances. 7/7, continuous, B, L, D. 68 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th) 01.45.62.54.10. M° George V Ledoyen - Gourmet (€€€€€) This 3-star restaurant in an elegant 18th-century pavilion with a Napoleon III decor in the gardens of the Champs-Elysées, where chef Yannick Alléno serves his unique gastronomic cuisine. Tue-Fri L&D, Mon D. Carré des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.53.05.10.00. M° Champs-Elysées-Clemenceau Le Safran - Gourmet (€€€) Fine French gastronomy and international cuisine is served in the Art Deco ambiance of this restaurant located inside the Hôtel du Collectionneur. The menu revolves around the seasons. Daily L&D. 51-57 rue de Courcelles (8th), 01.58.36.67.97. M° Courcelles Les Confidences du San Régis - French (€€€) In the chic 8th arrondissement just a few steps from the Avenue des Champs-Elysées is where you will find Hôtel San Régis’s cosy winter garden restaurant. Under an illuminating glass roof guests are invited to sample French dishes including duck foie gras and a scallops millefeuilles. Daily B, L & D. 12 rue Jean-Goujon (8th), 01.44.95.16.16. M˚ Alma-Marceau Maison Blanche - Contemporary (€€€€) Chef Hervé Nepple serves cuisine for the senses, inventive, savoury and refined fare. Located on the 7th floor of the Théâtre des Champs Elysées, the restaurant with its garden terrace overlooks the Eiffel Tower. Mon-Fri L&D/Sat-Sun D. 15 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.47.23.55.99. Mº Alma Marceau Ratn - Indian (€€€) Since 1976, the Bhalla family, originally from New Delhi, excels in the Indian Moghol gastronomy and invites you to discover the fine Moghol specialties in tandoori and curries. A place where you can experience India for it’s traditions and culinary art. Recommended by Gault Millau and Pudlo. Open daily L&D. 9 rue de la Trémoille (8th), 01.40.70.01.09. Mº George V Santoor - Indian (€) Just off the Champs-Elysées, a restaurant specializing in traditional Indian food including tandoori and curries. Mon-Sat L&D, Sun D only. 30 rue Marbeuf (8th), 01.42.56.33.18. Mº Franklin D. Roosevelt Savy - Brasserie (€€) A popular table for journalists, fashion designers and show business people, this establishment offers authentic and traditional French cuisine in a 1930’s art deco decor. The house specialty is Aubrac beef and the house has a fine selection of vintage millesimes wines. Mon-Fri, B, L&D. 23 rue Bayard (8th), 01.47.23.46.98. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Zen Garden - Chinese (€€) The interior is designed to resemble a Chinese pagoda with an eight-metre high tower and 30 Buddhas, a plethora of hanging plants, numerous water fountains, wind chimes and porcelain vases. Daily L&D. 15 rue de Marbeuf (8th), 01.53.23.82.82. M° George V Around oPérA GArnier & PiGALLe (9th, 10th, 18th) Bouillon Chartier - Classic French (€) The mythical Parisian eatery where you share a table with students, artists or elegant businessmen. There is a daily set menu but each day enjoy classics like hard-boiled eggs with mayonnaise or grated carrots to start followed by a hearty choucroute or chopped steak with chips. Daily continuous service L&D. 7 rue Fbg Montmartre (9th), 01.47.70.86.29. Mº Grands Boulevards Café de la Paix - Classic French (€€€) This classic Parisian institution with its decor of Reservations for most restaurants are strongly advised. Check when booking that the restaurant will accept your credit card. B, L&D: Breakfast, lunch & dinner only. Lapérouse \| Gourmet (6th) Café des Deux Magots \| Café (6th) 80 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP DINING LISTINGS.indd 4 13/03/2015 10:00 dining Address Book painted ceiling, pillars and murals is an elegant place to watch the world go by over coffee, light meals or drinks from its terraces. Fine fare is featured in the restaurant. Daily B, L&D. 5 Place de l’Opéra (9th), 01.40.07.36.36. Mº Opéra Le Café Pouchekine - Café (€) This delightful tea salon, the Paris branch of the famous Moscow establishment, located in the Printemps department store serves and sells traditional Russian pastries and sweets in a beautiful décor. Mon-Sat continuous. 64 blvd Haussmann (9th), 01.42.82.43.31. M° Havre-Caumartin Le Lumière - Gourmet (€€€) Enjoy lunch, dinner or tea beneath a magnificent glass roof in this lovely place. There are champagne and cheese trolleys and the dessert trolley filled with traditional French pastries like éclairs and millefeuilles is a fine ending to a meal and a good reason to stop in for high tea. Daily L&D. Hôtel Scribe,1 rue Scribe (9th), 01.44.71.74.20. Mº Opéra L’Opera Restaurant - Contemporary (€€€) Located at the opera house, this restaurant with a contemporary decor of white and red, offers up a great view of the famous opera neighbourhood and one of the city’s largest terraces. Daily B, L & D 7am-midnight. Palais Garnier, Place Jacques Rouché (9th), 01.42.68.86.80. Mº Opéra Wepler - Brasserie (€) Superb seafood platters, French onion soup, homemade ice-cream and pastries are just some of the classic delights at this Parisian landmark nestled near Montmartre and Pigalle. Daily 8am12:30am.14 Place de Clichy (18th), 01.45.22.53.24. Mº Place de Clichy Around BAstiLLe (11th, 12th) Blue Elephant - Thai (€€€) Authentic Thai cuisine in a setting of lush plants, orchids and a waterfall. Weekly arrivals of herbs, spices, fruits and other goods direct from Bangkok. The team of Thai chefs prepares jumbo shrimp soup with lemon grass and lamb Massamam among other specialties. 7/7 L& D, Sun brunch & D. 43-45 rue de la Roquette (11th), 01.47.00.42.00. Mº Bastille Mamma Roma - Italian (€) This casual eatery serves delicious pizzas by the slice. Traditional pizzas are all served including the Margherita and the Capricciosa, as well as original fare like the Speck al Tartufo made with truffles, speck and buffalo mozzarella. The menu changes daily. Tues-Wed noon-11pm, Thurs-Sat noon-12am. 90 rue Oberkampf (11th), 01.47.00.37.90. M° Parmentier Septime - Classic French (€€€) Traditional French fare featuring inventive marketbased cuisine from the talented Bertrand Grébaut is on the agenda here. Enjoy selective produce and products like the Banka trout from the Basque Jamin - Classic French (€€) country with lentils and coriander in a relaxed atmosphere. Tues-Fri L, D, Mon D only. 80 rue de Charonne (11th), 01.43.67.38.29. Mº Charonne Le Train Bleu - Classic French (€€€) A magnificent, mirrored Belle Epoque restaurant in the Gare de Lyon train station serving classic French fare including lobster salad with artichokes, sole meunière and steak tartare. Daily B, L&D. Gare de Lyon, Place Louis Armand (12th), 01.43.43.09.06. Mº Gare de Lyon Les Grandes Marches - Brasserie (€€) A new ownership and a new décor have come to this pillar of the Place de la Bastille. The establishment serves up traditional French fare and superb seafood platters. Daily B, L&D. 6 Place de la Bastille (12th), 01.43.42.90.32. Mº Bastille Around MontPArnAsse (13th, 14th, 15th) Le Bar à Huîtres - Seafood (€€€) This is the place to go for fabulous seafood platters, finely prepared fresh fish dishes and one of the best and most eclectic selections of oysters in the French capital. Main course dishes include French sea bass, lobster from Brittany and filet of beef. Daily, noon-midnight. 112 blvd Montparnasse (14th), 01.43.20.71.01. Mº Vanvin Le Ciel de Paris - Gourmet (€€€) Discover Paris from the 56th floor of the Montparnasse tower. With a breathtaking view, enjoy one of their foie gras offerings or try the delicious seafood. Daily L&D. 33 ave du Maine (15th), 01.40.64.77.64. Mº Montparnasse Le Gastroquet - Classic French (€€€) This cosy comfortable restaurant serves up delicious traditional French cuisine. You can sample some briny oysters for starters or a salad of coquilles Saint-Jacques. Mon-Sat L&D. 10 rue Desnouettes (15th), 01.48.28.60.91. Mº Convention/ Porte de Versailles Le Quinzieme - Fusion (€€€) One-star star chef Cyril Lignac’s restaurant serves a market-based cuisine of deliciously prepared classics. All inclusive discovery, tasting and champagne menus are also on the agenda. Tues-Fri L&D, Sat D. 14 rue Cauchy (15th), 01.45.54.43.43. Mº Javel troCAdéro & Porte MAiLLot (16 , 17 ) th th Bon - Fusion (€€€) Asian inspiration and international influences abound in this restaurant styled like a private home and decorated by Philippe Starck. Enjoy spicy vegetables, a wide selection of rolls, or a Dim Sum for starters then move onto black cod or sole tempura. Daily L&D. 25 rue de la Pompe (16th), 01.40.72.70.00. Mº La Muette Cristal Room Baccarat - Modern Classic (€€€) A restaurant in the palatial headquarters of the crystal manufacturer, serving rich modern cuisine: lobster thermidor, dessert ravioli with cocoa, parmesan and raisins. Mon-Sat L&D. 11 Place des Etats-Unis (16th), 01.40.22.11.10. Mº Boissière The legendary Parisian restaurant is enjoying a renaissance, serving fine food in warm surroundings complemented by welcoming service all of which has earned it two Michelin forks. Mon-Fri L&D, Sat, D only. 32 rue de Longchamp (16th), 01.45.53.00.07. Mº Trocadéro L’Auberge Dab - Classic French (€€€) Ample leather wall seats, bay windows, salmon drapes make for a most comfortable dining experience. Start off with some snails from Burgundy or a crab and endive salad seasoned with curry followed by the duck breast in honey and spices. Daily L&D. 161 ave de Malakoff (16th), 01.45.00.32.22. Mº Porte Maillot L’Oiseau Blanc - Classic French (€€€) This restaurant, bar and terrace on the top floor of the Peninsula hotel features traditional French dishes with a contemporary twist using regional products. Daily L&D. 19 ave Kléber (16th), 01.58.12.67.30. M° Charles de Gaulle-Etoile Monsieur Bleu - Contemporary (€€) This restaurant serves excellent French contemporary fare as well as international dishes. Tucked inside the Palais de Tokyo its terrace has splendid views of the Eiffel Tower. Daily, continuous from 12pm to 2am. 20 ave du President Wilson (16th), 01.47.20.90.47. M° Iéna Shang Palace - Chinese (€€€) This one-star restaurant in the Shangri-La hotel serves authentic Chinese cuisine inspired by the culinary traditions of southeast China. The art of Cantonese fine dining comes to life in the main room and three private dining rooms. Thurs-San, L&D. 10 ave d’Iéna (16th), 01.53.67.19.92. Mº Iéna CookinG And tAstinG CLAsses Le Cordon Bleu Learn about food, wine and cooking at this culinary institution for professionals. The school is one of the leading providers of hands-on culinary training and has Paris as a backdrop. 8 rue Léon Delhomme (15th), 01.53.68.22.50. M° Vaugirard Lenôtre Cooking Classes Every Wednesday classes in cooking begin in Lenôtre’s cuisine workshops for children. Ages 8 to 11 will make a recipe or a pastry while for ages 12 to 17, be prepared to whip up an entire menu. Pavillon Elysée Lenôtre, 10 ave des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.42.65.97.60. M° Champs-Elysées-Clemenceau Ô Chateau Everyday Ô Chateau welcomes visitors for unique wine tasting courses in a vaulted cellar of thick stonewalls in a mansion that once belonged to the Marquise de Pompadour. A Tour de France of wine and a grands crus tasting are among the offerings and high-end private group tastings for a maximum of four people can be arranged. Ô Chateau is also a wine bar and restaurant. 68 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1st), 01 44 73 97 80. M° Louvre-Rivoli Key to dining prices per person for 3 courses without wine: € = 30€ or less, €€ = 31-50€, €€€ = 51-100€, €€€€ = 101-150€, €€€€€ = 150€ and above. La Truffière \| Southwestern French (5th) Lenôtre Cooking Classes \| Cooking and Tasting Classes (8th) w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 81 WP DINING LISTINGS.indd 5 Shows \| Events \| Bars \| Clubs \| Cabarets \| Casinos \| Jazz Clubs \| Opera 82 WHERE Pa r i s I Ap r i l 2015 WP APR ENTERTAINMENT.indd 82 13/03/2015 10:07 Shows A Night at the Opera Celebrating 300 years of plays, operas and musicals on its impressive stage, the Opéra Comique is organising special events, concerts and exhibits throughout the year to mark this incredible milestone. This month on the 27th and the 29th you can take in Ciboulette, Reynaldo Hahn’s operetta that tells the story of market gardener Ciboulette who while on a pursuit of love and happiness encounters different people with very differing backgrounds. Inviting the audience to take part in the performance, the Opéra Comique is organising rehearsals an hour before each show so you can learn the lyrics to the two popular songs of the show, Le Refrain du Muguet and La Valse de Ciboulette, and be ready to sing along from your seat once the operetta begins. Visit www.opera-comique.com/en or call 08 25 01 01 23 to reserve your seats. 1 place Boieldieu (2nd), Date with Destiny Blind Date © Photo Lot; Opera Comique © E. Carecchio Le Belmont © Anne Demay entertainment Written by Mario Diament, translated by Françoise Thanas and directed by John McLean, Blind Date is a play telling the tale of 5 interconnected people, searching, pondering love and falling in love. Set in Buenos Aires, Blind Date is a story of love and passion and the roles destiny and chance play in everyone’s love story. Starting on a park bench, Blind Date begins with a random meeting of two men who begin to share their ideologies when it comes to love before four more sets of seemingly random meetings connect the five. A beautifully told story with an impressive cast that delve you into their characters’ lives and make you feel their very emotional stories. Romantic, filled with drama and at times comical, this is a must-see for all romantics. Performed in French in the quaint Théâtre de la Huchette in the Latin Quarter. 23 rue de la Huchette (5th), 01 43 26 38 99 w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 83 WP APR ENTERTAINMENT.indd 83 13/03/2015 10:07 entertainment Events History Through Music Paying homage to African American music and black history, The Black Legends, The Musical, is a feel-good show with everyone’s favourite songs. Thirty talented and very energetic artists will blow you away with their renditions of hip-hop, disco and R&B’s biggest hits from the world’s even bigger stars to tell the story of African Americans, from slavery all through to the election of Barack Obama, the first black president. Songs from every decade, including Ray Charles’s Hit the Road Jack and James Brown’s I Feel Good are performed as well as songs from Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston and Beyoncé. Powerful and emotional, this musical is both historically and culturally driven and loaded with unforgettable tunes. Playing through to the 5th of April at Folies Bergère 32 rue Richer (9th), 01 44 79 98 60 Legendary Parisian jazz club, New Morning, hosts both classic and contemporary concerts and has welcomed the world’s jazz greats over the past two decades, including Art Blakey, Dizzy Gillespie and Stan Getz. It was here that marked Chet Baker’s favourite stage in Paris, and this month on this popular stage, Sharon Robinson, American award-winning singer-songwriter who is known for her collaborations with Leonard Cohen, will be performing. The one night only concert will take place on the 14th of the month, and will undoubtedly attract all devoted jazz fans so it is advisable to reserve your tickets as soon as possible. 7 & 9 rue des Petites-Ecuries (10th), 01 45 23 51 41 The Black Legends © Marie-B Seillant; Jazz image © Thinkstock Sultry Jazz 84 WHERE Pa r i s I Ap r i l 2015 WP APR ENTERTAINMENT.indd 84 13/03/2015 10:08 116 bis avenue des Champs-Élysées 75008 Paris Tel.: + 33 (0)1 40 76 56 10 • E-mail : [email protected] www.lido.fr 09/03/2015 10:56 entertainment Bars Cocktail Hour In the lively 11th arrondissement, a few minutes from Place de la Bastille is where the Badaboum bar hides behind a blackedout exterior and a corded off entrance. Inside, the cosy space features a well-stocked bar and comfortable seating to enjoy the friendly service and the original cocktails. Behind the bar are Capucine and Justine who with their personable characters mix and shake and prepare cocktails with surprising ingredients. The Rosemary Power, a mix of rosemary-infused vodka, basil and pineapple juice is sweetened with vanilla syrup and is served in a dainty porcelain teacup while the Smoky Cherry, with cherry liqueur, 16-year-old single malt Lagavulin, lemon juice and egg white is an interesting mix of flavours that is smoky sweet in taste. The bar also features a small, but delicious, snacking menu to enjoy with your drinks created by chef Walid who previously worked with Eric Fréchon at the Bristol Hotel and Shannon Bennett at Vue de Monde in Melbourne. The street food-inspired menu of four dishes includes the Hotdog from Toulouse, Fish & Chips from Paris and Frites Tout Court, simple homemade fries served with Walid’s very own homemade tomato sauce. This is a great address for a drink after a day stuck in business meetings or perhaps after taking in a ballet at the Opéra Bastille. Open from Wednesday to Saturday, 7pm to 2am 2bis rue des Taillandiers (11th) For a sexy rendezvous Le Belmont hotel bar is a perfect address where inviting velvet fauteuils and a cosy ambiance await. On the menu, a lush décor and a cocktail menu featuring both original cocktails and favourite classics such as the ever-popular Cosmopolitan. 30 rue de Bassano (16th), 01 53 57 75 00 Le Belmont © Anne Demay 86 WHERE Pa r i s I Ap r i l 2015 WP APR ENTERTAINMENT.indd 86 Casino Royale VIP Paris © Photoserge.com If you are looking for an exceptionally unique evening while in the French capital, a luxurious soiree aboard the VIP Paris yacht guarantees an unforgettable moment. Cruising along the Seine with the gorgeous Parisian monuments creating a breath-taking background, the VIP Paris Casino Royale soirees, hosted every 2nd and 4th Thursday of each month, offers guests a dinner cruise unlike any other. Live music, a gourmet dinner, Black Jack and a Roulette table make up the sexy James Bond-inspired evening. Reservations required. 9 port de la Rapée (12th), 01 44 68 06 38 A D VV EE RR TT OO RR II AA LL AD As tourists or expats in Paris there are some quirks we have all noticed among the Parisians, the way they march to their destinations, their constant pouting and the way they order at restaurants. Olivier Giraud has too, noticed that the Parisians are unique in their behaviour, and has decided to bring all those idiosyncrasies to light. Born in Bordeaux, Olivier moved to Paris to study hotel management and after graduating he moved to the Unites States where he managed a restaurant of a 5-star hotel. After four years, and many soul-searching nights, he decided to return to France and follow his real dream of becoming a comedian. Having experienced the cultural differences between the Parisians and Americans while in Florida, and having observed for himself the tourists of all nationalities in Paris, he decided to not shy away from the hardhitting questions of how one becomes a real Parisian. How do you grab a waiter’s attention in a café? In the metro, what do you do if you see an older lady or a pregnant woman? And how do you behave in a cab? Putting together a one man show, How to be Parisian in one hour?, the stand-up comic will leave you rolling in your seat from laughter and 100% prepared for any situation in the City of Light. Entirely performed in English, it is a great show for everyone, including Parisians who will no doubt get a good laugh at themselves. It is not an easy feat to master the Parisian attitude but Olivier has put together a fail-proof guideline of French etiquette that will leave you embracing the oh la la factor. Non-stop laughter from a real Parisian guaranteed to leave you wanting more. This is THE SURVIVAL GUIDE to enjoy Paris and the Parisians! 100% IN ENGLISH EVERY Friday & Saturday @ 7pm - Sunday @ 6pm - Monday @ 8pm Premium orchestra 37€ / First category 31€ / Second category 24€ Théâtre des Nouveautés 24 Blvd Poissonnière (9th) Metro: Grands Boulevards RESERVATION RECOMMENDED Not recommended for kids under 16 years old. +33 (0)6 98 57 45 98 www.oliviergiraud.com w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 87 WP APR ENTERTAINMENT.indd 87 © Bal du Moulin Rouge 2015 - Moulin Rouge® - 1-1028499 LA REVUE DU PLUS CÉLÈBRE CABARET DU MONDE ! DINER ET REVUE À 19H À PARTIR DE 190 € REVUE À 21H ET À 23H À PARTIR DE 77 € MONTMARTRE 82, BLD DE CLICHY - 75018 PARIS TEL : 33(0)1 53 09 82 82 WP MOULIN ROUGE.indd 1 THE SHOW OF THE MOST FAMOUS CABARET IN THE WORLD ! DINNER & SHOW AT 7PM FROM €190 SHOW AT 9PM & 11PM FROM €77 WWW.MOULIN-ROUGE.COM FACEBOOK.COM/LEMOULINROUGEOFFICIEL CRAZY HORSE Moulin Rouge © Moulin Rouge A legendary cabaret synonymous with beauty, elegance, sensuality and sophistication. A show performed by 19 exceptionally beautiful dancers, bathed in richly coloured and textured lighting designs. The current show, Désirs is inspired by the endless theme of femininity. Sun-Fri at 8:15 & 10:45 pm, Sat at 7:00, 9:30 & 11:45 pm. www.lecrazyhorseparis.com 12 ave George V (8th), 01.47.23.32.32. M° Alma-Marceau addresses in the Latin quarter. The theatre was re-built by Gustav Eiffel in 1889 and renamed the Paradis Latin. The current show, Paradis à la Folie!, is a magical feast for the eyes and ears. Daily 8 pm. www.paradislatin.com 28 rue du Cardinal Lemoine (5th), 01.43.25.28.28. M° Cardinal Lemoine/Jussieu MOULIN ROUGE PARADIS LATIN This famous cabaret is home to the original cancan. The current show, Féerie, sparkles with talented performers, including the 60 Doriss girls and spectacular staging. Daily. Le Théâtre Latin was built in 1803 and quickly became one of the chicest www.moulinrouge.fr. 82 blvd de Clichy (18th), 01.53.09.82.82. M° Blanche w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 89 WP APR ENTERTAINMENT.indd 89 Address Book entertainment For more detailed listings \| wheretraveler.com/paris bars & wine bars The Ballroom This sophisticated cocktail bar, frequented by the beautiful people of the city, serves up carefully mixed drinks in cosy seated areas. 58 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1st), 09.54.37.13.65. M° Les Halles Le Bar The Left Bank hotel where Oscar Wilde died is a trendy spot for a cocktail redecorated with a voluptuous décor. 13 rue des Beaux-Arts (6th), 01.44.41.99.00. M° St-Germain-des-Prés Bar du Plaza Athénée Absolute chic, with a decor that includes an impressive sculpted glass bar. 6pm-1:30am. 25 ave Montaigne (8th), 01.53.67.66.00. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Bar Le Baudelaire This congenial bar in the Burgundy hotel is akin to an English club. Discover a host of creative cocktails. 6-8 Rue Duphot (1st), 01.42.60.34.12. M° Madeleine Le Bar Brûlé This bar inside the W Hotel is a wonderful spot to enjoy drinks or cocktails from an eclectic menu in elegant well-dressed company. Private access is given to patrons as they step into a predominately black space with colours coming in through the bar from a street-art inspired background. Tues-Sat 7pm-3am. 2 rue Meyerbeer (9th), 01.77.48.94.94. M° Chaussée d’Antin La Fayette Bar Lenox Elegance, comfort and harmony are the hallmarks of this cosy bar in the Hotel Lenox right in the Saint Germain des Prés district. 9 rue de l’Université (7th), 01.42.96.10.95. M° St-Germain-des-Prés Le Bar Long This posh bar located in the Royal Monceau is a perfect spot for a sophisticated cocktail or nightcap in a cosy setting. 37 ave Hoche (8th), 01.42.99.88.00. M° Charles-de-Gaulle-Etoile Le Bristol Bar This discreet and elegant spot is ideal for enjoying cosy drinks including a variety of original cocktails and a fine selection of champagnes. 112 rue du Fbg St-Honoré (8th), 01.53.43.43.00. M° Miromesnil La Closerie des Lilas The bar of this mythical place remains magical. Le Bar Brûlé \| Bars & Wine Bars (9th) Thankfully some things don’t change. 171 blvd du Montparnasse (6th), 01.40.51.34.50. M° Vavin or RER Port-Royal Le Dokhan’s Champagne Bar A stunning hotel bar replete with Louis Vuitton elevator featuring a fine selection of rare and classic champagnes. In the Radisson Blu Le Dokhan’s Hotel. 117 rue Lauriston (16th), 01.53.65.66.99. M° Victor Hugo Harry’s New York Bar This landmark establishment is a fine place to enjoy drinks at the roomy and frendly bar. The traditional cocktail spot also serves up live piano music starting at 10pm. 5 rue Daunou (2nd), 01.42.61.71.14. M° Opéra Hotel Costes Bar This chic bar and lounge is an ideal and pricey Parisian spot for people watching in a sumptuous décor. 239 rue St-Honoré (1st), 01.42.44.50.00. M° Tuileries The Ice Kube Chill out and sip 4 Grey Goose cocktails at the city’s first ice bar. 1-5 passage Ruelle (18th), 01.42.05.20.00. M° La Chapelle Juveniles This cosy and welcoming wine bar serves up fine French wines as well as wines from around the world and you can purchase bottles to take away. 47 rue de Richelieu (1st), 01.42.97.46.49. M° Pyramides Le Lucien Bar Every detail here is perfect from the temperature of the vintage white port to the dimensions of the glasses for gin and tonic. Hotel Fouquet’s Barrière. 46 ave George V (8th), 01.40.69.60.00. M° George V Moonshiner This speakeasy bar near the Place de la Bastille has an ambiance straight out of the 1920s complete with jazz music playing in the background. 5 rue Sedaine (11th), 09.50.73.12.99. M° Bréguet-Sabin Ô Chateau You can taste over 40 different wines by the glass in this fun wine bar, which has received the Wine Spectator Award of Excellence. Vintage Bordeaux, Château d’Yquem and fine champagnes are among the offerings. Nibbles are available as is a full dinner menu that changes weekly. 68 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1st), 01.44.73.97.80. M° Louvre-Rivoli Prescription Cocktail Club This trendy bar is excellent for delicious and original cocktails with cool music, friendly staff and tequila. 23 rue Mazarine (6th), 01.45.08.88.09. M° Mabillon Le Rubis This quintessential Parisian wine bar attracts a local clientele into its relaxed atmosphere where you can enjoy wines from the Beaujolais and Burgundy regions among others. 10 rue du Marché St-Honoré (1st), 01.42.61.03.34. M° Pyramides casino Casinos Barrière France’s largest casino, with elegant decor, table games and slots. Jacket and tie for men; no jeans or running shoes. 3 ave de Ceinture, Enghien-lesBains, 01.39.34.13.17. Train from Gare du Nord jazz clubs Café Universel Located near the Latin Quarter, this jazz club is a welcoming and intimate setting where the programme changes nightly. Vocal jam sessions are held every Tuesday night. 267 rue Saint Jacques (5th), 01.43.25.74.20. RER Luxembourg/Port Royal Caveau de la Huchette This club in a vaulted cellar in the heart of the Latin Quarter has been showcasing fine jazz music for the past six decades. The spot is rife with history, a Masonic lodge in the 18th century, the Knights Templar held meetings at this location in the Middle Ages. 5 rue de la Huchette (5th), 01.43.26.65.05. M° St-Michel Duc des Lombards One of Paris’ oldest jazz clubs magnificently renovated by Andrée Putman’s collaborator, the talented Elliot Barnes. The Duc also boasts one of the best sound-systems in town and is now known as the House of Jazz. Daily performances, live recordings and a healthy mix of jazz man jams make this the address for Jazz. 42 rue des Lombards (1st), 01.42.33.22.88. M° Châtelet Jazz Club Etoile A true temple to jazz since it opened two decades ago, the club has welcomed the likes of Count Basie, B.B. King, Cab Calloway and Lionel Hampton. Thurs-Sat. 81 blvd Gouvion Saint-Cyr (17th), 01.40.68.30.42. M° Porte Maillot New Morning The legendary Parisian venue for jazz both classic Duc des Lombards \| Jazz Club (1st) 90 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP ENTERTAINMENT LISTINGS.indd 2 13/03/2015 10:17 entertainment Address Book and eclectic has hosted the world’s jazz greats for two decades: Art Blakey, Dizzy Gillespie, Stan Getz... Devoted jazz fans come here to listen to two hours of solid music and the crowd begins to accumulate around 8 pm, so come early. 7-9 rue des Petites-Ecuries (10th), 01.45.23.51.41. M° Château d’Eau Gentlemen’s clubs Pink Paradise The first table-dancing show in Paris and where everyone who still wants to party goes after all the other clubs are done for the night. Daily 10.30 pm-6 am. 36 rue de Ponthieu (8th), 06.34.57.40.19. M° Franklin D. Roosevelt Secret Square The French capital’s only aphrodisiac restaurant and cabaret is a temple to glamour. Sensual savours are featured on the Aphrodisiac Menu like satay, sesame, hot peppers, cinnamon and ginger accompanied by a fine selection of wines and champagne. The show features 20 to 30 dancers in a jewel-box ambiance. 8:30pm-4am. 27 ave des Ternes (17th) , 01.47.66.45.00. M° Ternes The Penthouse Club The world famous Penthouse club in Paris offers entertainment seven days a week from 10pm to 5am. Beautiful dancers, two floors, and three stages are all on the agenda in this venue just off of the Champs-Elysées. 13/15 rue de Berri (8th), 01.53.53.86.00. M° George V niGht clubs replete with terrace and private dining rooms. Mon-Sat, 8pm until midnight for the restaurant, until dawn for the club. 47 rue Berger (1st), 01.40.13.12.12. M° Louvre-Rivoli Club 79 This excellent spot for Parisian clubbing features fine champagne by the bottle, a cocktail of the week and a variety of musical programmes. Chic and trendy. 22 rue Quentin Bauchart (8th), 01.47.23.69.17. M° George V Le Duplex Regulars appreciate the clubby and friendly atmosphere at this comfortable Parisian club replete with gastronomic restaurant whose cosy atmosphere is highlighted by Chesterfield armchairs. The huge dance floor in the discoteque is a dancer’s dream. 2bis ave Foch (16th), 01.45.00.45.00. M° Charles de Gaulle Etoile La Fidelité Favoured by French and international celebrities, enjoy cocktails and fine music with a gorgeous view of the Arc de Triomphe. The stunning décor has been designed by Lenny Kravitz and his studio Kravitz Design. The club has a great dance floor in black and white veined marble, a fumoir and VIP loges. Thurs-Sat 11pm-5am. 12 rue de Presbourg (16th), 01.53.57.40.82. M° Charles de Gaulle Etoile Le Baron You can club until dawn at this celebrated and celebrity filled night spot. Look your best to get past the door. 6 ave Marceau (8th), 01.47.20.04.01. M° Alma-Marceau Chacha Club This Parisian nightspot plays host to a revolving array of disc jockeys and special guests. The clubby atmosphere is enhanced by a restaurant Secret Square Le Social Club Trendy spot for enjoying excellent live music, tasty drinks and even a cigarette in the club’s smoking room. 142 rue Montmartre (2nd), 06.84.80.99.40. M° Bourse NY Club This hot club is home to the best of electro DJs and where fashionistas and stars are flocking to for their showcases and their private parties. A glamorous and cabaret-like ambiance awaits you. 130 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.42.21.90.88. M° Louvre-Rivoli Palais Maillot A luxurious nightclub known for its gala evenings. Fridays are fashion oriented while Saturdays feature guest DJs. Fri-Sat 11:30pm-6am. 2 Place Porte Maillot (17th), 01.58.56.20.55. M° Porte-Maillot This restaurant turns into a trendy club on Thursdays and Fridays until 2:30am with a revolving array of guest disc jockeys drawing the well-heeled onto the dance floor. 12 rue de la Fidelité (10th), 01.47.70.19.34. M° Gare de l’Est Queen Club Le Montana Raspoutine This nightclub in the heart of the SaintGermain-des-Prés neighbourhood is one of the capital’s trendiest and most select spots. The bar is on the ground floor and the dance floor, downstairs, in the vaulted cellars. 28 rue St Benoît (6th), 01.44.39.71.00. M° Saint-Germain-des-Prés Le Paris Paris L’Arc Paris III, Port des Champs-Elysées (8th), 01.45.61.25.43. M° Champs-Elysées Clémenceau This trendy nightclub features live concerts and a refurbished large bar, the Shots Bar, for enjoying shots. The club has a member’s only VIP lounge, La Chambre Rouge. Tues-Sat 11pm-6am. 5 ave de l’Opéra (1st), 01.42.60.64.45. M° Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre Le Réservoir A wonderful night spot to listen to excellent music and discover new artists. The club has a bar with a diverse selection of mojitos and margaritas and restaurant serving excellent dinners followed by entertainment, Tues-Sat. Buffet jazz brunch on Sundays. 16 rue de la Forge Royale (11th), 01.43.56.39.60. M° Faidherbe-Chaligny Le Showcase Located beneath the Alexandre III bridge, this is a unique venue and as its name implies is a showcase for musical talent providing a clubby atmosphere. Fri-Sat 10 pm-6 am. Pont Alexandre \| Gentlemen’s Clubs (17th) Attracts a handsome crowd of youthful ultrachic Parisians listening to music from some of the capital’s finest DJs. 102 ave des ChampsElysées (8th), 01.53.89.08.90. M° George V This mythical Parisian venue remains an authentic night spot to enjoy cocktails and champagne in a splendid décor created by Erté. 58 rue Bassano (8th) 01.47.20.02.90. M° George V Silencio This private club, conceived and designed by David Lynch, offers excellent cocktails, wine and spirits, finger food and food tastings. Non-members are admitted after midnight. Members have access to films, concerts and other performances. 142 rue de Montmartre (2nd) 01.40.13.12.33. M° Sentier/Grands Boulevards Titty Twister This trendy loft-like club is a chic address for drinks and great music. The popular establishment has the added feature of a smoking room with a pool table as well as a tequila stand along with eclectic cocktails and large size drinks for sharing. Mon-Sat 9pm-5am. 5 rue de Berri (8th), 01.45.62.50.23. M° George V VIP Room One of the most exclusive clubs on the Parisian nightlife scene, this chic haven for the rich and famous lets you dance the night away to hip hop and house music. 188 rue de Rivoli (1st), 01.58.36.46.00. M° Palais Royal Raspoutine \| Night Clubs (8th) w w w. w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 91 WP ENTERTAINMENT LISTINGS.indd 3 AV E PORTE DES LILAS France buses (08.92.35.08.20) leave daily from N DU IL L O 'O R EA Montparnasse (Rue duRCommandant Mouchotte, DES M E L U RG . D MÉNI L E IN R OU UX EL RU A UB H U Couronnes RM www.aeroportsdeparis.fr FAMontparnasse) 15th, M° and Gare de Lyon (20 bis. S . JO UE L B O U LA SU I DE R. Goncourt NG RO E IT E R LV D AM RON RUE AD blvd Diderot, 12th, M° Gare S T-M DU MA A U de Lyon),every 30 min, ARTI République Pelleport DE R. E ES N D S AIN R.D E ET LA R . DE ON N ES B A U FONT SL DU DOL M ES UR airport (Onboard R UE L'I LAY PLACE DE LA 6am-10:30pm, 6am-10pm, 3 C Ofrom R. TIM RUE RUE S A TO BEAUVAIS AIRPORT DE CA R. DE NE ER FIL RÉPUBLIQUE N A Z AR P. M D U OR R B RB O LA : 17€ one way, 29€Sround ETH 3 R Etrip/Online: 15.50€ one AR DE R FE X Ménilmontant U E I E CH YA P NO IS P. Buses leave daily from the bus parking lotMon Blvd E O AL PA RS F VEN Temple ON R. D CA BI G LIE TIB AMP D ES U Eround trip). way,A26€ Buses also leave the Arc E TUR Kfrom VIL U R R Œ E N S O Hotel R. UF OB E Pershing near Concorde Lafayette (17th, JE A S Parmentier S R. RU RB deBTriomphe (1 ave 17th, M° Etoile), andO CRE.NDDERIERS TH DUP D ECarnot, IE .D OU ETI RUE O É AU S R E S Maillot). Mo Arrive 3 hrs and 15 min before H AR T UL C E N Porte P A R TA N T MU EDM S PLACE L Rue St-Maur R F P L AV T . NA P E D Porte Maillot (Blvd Gouvion StLACyr, 17th, M° Porte AU D M UR R. EZ DE VA RKA IS GAMBETTA TS R. RU E from Gare departure time T(13€). Or take TER train OB E LUE R R. B ELGR AN D A Oberkampf D SB Gambetta Maillot), every 30 min, 5:45 am-11pm (Onboard : . DE BET DE M D RÉP R A . ES GBeauvais (11.50€, 1 hr 20 du Nord to UBL L A Cmin), N O then taxi E e D UES IQ U R. NUE 17€ one S RU E N D one E way, 29€ round trip/Online: 15.50€ BR AV E RA E RU to airport. ET R. ERT PA R. B DE AG LE Père ST way, 26€ round trip). Take RER B (9.50€) or catch Filles du PO OU NE Lachaise RE RT IS E Calvaire T O C LL BR .D VER E AN ES R. FR the Roissybus AM (10€) at 11 rue Scribe, 9th, M° Opéra, FR St-Sébastien IN OISS R. S TRIE IS M L E E A TT Froissart RT DE R. ES CH P LP O EN TI R. Cimetière S DU M A I R. E TO U St-Ambroise 15 min between 5:45am and 8pm, every 20 DE PONT AUX every RU TE T- S ÉB CHOUX TRAVEL BETWEEN CHARLES SD DU du Père R. S Musée ES Richard 4F Picasso R Lachaise Lenoir7pm and 10pm ILS UE min between andRevery 30 minues VO O D UR . D L DE GAULLE AIRPORT R. S T- CL A U DE E É L T E P E LA PE AI E RL E between R10pm and 11pm. (01.58.76.16.16). UE e RE VE E LL RU T TE EI RU EA B E LV Nation 06 86 20 20 96 F. D Vincennes Reception teams, documentation and bookings are all available at the Paris AV R. E EN RU SUD UE NT L R I Q U E welcome PO centres. A IPH Éare R Convention and Visitors BureauWwelcome Visitors seven days a AT T É N P TIO NA AC AÏF TO LB I E B E week in the main office at 25 rue des R U located E J. A. D A4 Pyramides (1st), M° Pyramides. Opening Hours: From November 1st to April 30th,10am to 7pm. NA E E IN É D U S O N AT R. ST - G I L LE A RD AN RUE Air France buses leave daily from Charles de Gaulle CS ET S RUE OL S Musée BO R. DU E G Nfor Orly Airport/CLO Voltaire (Roissy) from DE UL5:55am to 10:30pm IN Carnavalet E BA Chemin S U LT DA RU A E DU N E RO BO G S VA Vert E E R. F. R É UR SI Bréguet RU TT GE D E to Charles de Gaulle T ER departures from Orly EAirport RO DU TO ORLY AIRPORT OIS Sabin UE LFOR I D S R. E B Q R UE E S R . DU RU B O R. DE ME R RO E PAS DE IC I S DES ND . LE RU L A M RER B, direction U LOrlyval, Airport from 6:30am to 10:30pm. (Onboard: 20€ Oone ELS St-Rémy, connects with ULE PLACEThe LA SO R IV EV E RT E A U HN OLI DES PL.DE LA MIRON O N N Alexandre X A R Charonne C H A Rround S RÉUNION VOSGESan automatic train, at way, 34€ trip/Online: 18€ one way, 30.50€ D EAntony. Orlyval runs every O Dumas A M D DE D U UVE E S-Paul U E Pont R NE RU round trip). Frequency: every 30 minutes. Journey X Marie I 5-7 min, 6 am-11 pm (8.70€). The RER C direction E E R CRO e RU TER ONN PLACE L A Porte de E HAR DE DRE Bastille DE LA R . connects with a shuttle busCthat S PORTE DE S T- Massy-Verrières takes 45 to 60 minutes. Also RER B from Charles R. DE Montreuil DE XAN DE ANT R. ALE BASTILLE D E L A P RE U I L MONTREUIL OINE E CÉ V IL PE MONT Maraîchers D C R U E E S L LE de Gaulle R U then the OrlyVal goes to Orly (6.45€). Or take Orlybus outside the R U E to the Antony station ST E MR U Opéra Y Z INS English, French CHAN TIT . DE L Bastille IV RON Buzenval R. A PE D 'AV R U E 20 min service to Orly Sud. OrlyVal metros leave daily from D E L E S C L Uevery Denfert-Rochereau Métro stop (14th), ZE Rue des DU CER UA BL IS A I R. I D Boulets IE VD NR Ledru 'AN E Travel time HE R UAir France U S R P 6am-11pm from Antony and Orly Sud. JO 5:35 am-11 pm (7.20€). buses leave from Rollin E Avron CH AM N Sully V L 'I D GR AN DS LE Morland B LV I L is about S LT betweenOthe two airports the Invalides (rue Esnault Pelterie, M° Invalides) DE TREU AI DU RU E Y MON RE DE ULL E U R HU S NE E 1 hour and 10 minutes. AU B O the Arc de Triomphe (1 ave Carnot, 17th, FM° Etoile) DE R. IGN É D PLAINE URG LA RUE UB NT SAINT D'A R. MO RN AYand Gare Montparnasse (rue du commandant E Faidherbe www.aeroportsdeparis.fr IN A R. D B. FR DES 13 13/03/2015 10:29 navigate Paris Metro Paris is crossed by 14 Métro lines and five RER (express suburban) lines, all numbered and named for their final destination (terminus). Did you know that there are 300 stations that make up Paris’ metro system? Each Métro trip requires one ticket regardless of how many transfers you make, though you must buy an extra ticket for the RER outside the city limits. Keep your ticket until you exit. Tickets are sold in all stations and in cafés (tabacs) with a ticket sign outside, single (1.70€/2€ if purchased on a bus) or by 10 (un carnet - 13.70€). This map includes the new tramway line. 94 WHERE Pa r i s I A P RI L 2015 WP MAR NAVIGATE.indd 94 13/03/2015 10:26 “Paris Visite” passes offer unlimited travel on the Métro and buses (1day 10.85€, 2-day 17.65€, 3-day 24.10€, 5-day 34.70€). The Métro and RER start running at 5:30am, and stop around 1 am. While the Métro is an extremely safe way to travel, watch out for pickpockets in crowded trains and stations. For information in English, call the transportation company (RATP) directly at 08.92.68.41.14. • 44,000 square meters dedicated to luxury, fashion and beauty • A building classified historic monument • High-end services to enjoy a unique shopping experience • A panoramic terrace offering the most stunning view of Paris • A unique shopping experience in the most beautiful museum in the world • The only luxury department store open 7 days a week, even on Sunday • The best selection of iconic gifts for Accessories & Beauty Haussmann. ��, boulevard Haussmann. �� Paris — Tél : + ��(�)� �� www.printemps.com Louvre. ��, rue de Rivoli. �� Paris Tél : + ��(�)� �� www.printemps.com w w w.w h e re t r ave l e r. c o m 95 WP MAR NAVIGATE.indd 95 13/03/2015 10:27 La Durée photo © Paris Tourist Office - Marc Bertrand; Printemps personal shopping salon photo © Brandie Raasch friends. I am always looking for a nice pair of sneakers so I always go to Citadium or head to nike.com. And all the shoe boutiques in Paris! Famous brands including Louboutin, Gianvito Rossi, Altuzzara, Aquazzura, Charlotte Olympia... I never have enough! Are there any new up-and-coming designers that we should be keeping an eye out for? Aaron Jah Stone is one of my favourite jewellery designers. All his handmade jewellery pieces are unique and help me feel exceptional in my daily life. In celebration of Printemps’s milestone birthday what should all fashion aficionados expect from the VIP Personal Shopper experience? For the 150th birthday of Printemps, we will continue to give advice, select items according to tastes and make the customer live a unique shopping experience. All the personal shopping team will suggest unique pieces created especially for the anniversary. It will stay as a memory in the customer’s mind, a memory of the moment spent with us at Printemps. Ladurée 2 CV Tour Christian Louboutin My perfect day 9am I arrive at the office and I have quick look at the Net-a-Porter website. It gives me the overview of the new pieces available from the best brands. I have 30 minutes then a shopaholic day starts... 12pm Almost lunch time! Always good to have a big burger at the Ralph Lauren flagship store restaurant or a Ladurée lunch on the first floor of Le Printemps. 3pm Time to offer the best shopping experience to our best customers. We collaborate with all brands to choose pieces in prime time or in exclusivity to always surprise our clients. Shopping for others is very interesting as you are able to adapt your tastes and be “open minded” fashion-wise. 9pm I go to a lot of cocktail parties celebrating art, fashion or design where I meet different kinds of people and enjoy dinners with family and friends. I love to prepare dinners at home but if I am lazy, I go to the Philippe Excoffier restaurant in the 7th arrondissement to enjoy culinary classics or Café Thoumieux for Jean-François Piège’s delicious menu. During fashion week I go to Le Castiglione on rue Saint-Honoré to eat a burger. Brasserie Thoumieux where ® Your Guide to the World w w w.wh e re t rave l e r.c o m 13 WP APR MY PARIS.indd 13 13/03/2015 10:42 Printemps Personal Shopping Salon Manager Printemps’s Personal Shopping Salon How do you choose the right brands for your clients? At the personal shopping service of Printemps, the relationship with our VIP customers starts before they arrive in the store. After a first exchange over the phone, they are welcomed in a private suite where a dedicated personal shopper has already prepared a selection according to their tastes and needs. We always try to surprise them with exclusive pieces or new designers with a mix of luxury and accessible brands. The personal shopper provides exquisite total looks with a touch of Parisian style. As the fashion capital, which areas of Paris do you think showcase the best fashions? I love to shop in the Marais where I can find new designers in small boutiques. Palais Royal is also a great place to shop. Paris offers a huge range of brands for every type of personality. It is very interesting to have a look in both the 8th arrondissement for the luxury houses and the 2nd or the 11th arrondissements for the up-andcoming new designers as well as trendy brands where you can see eclectic styles and get inspired to create your own style. example. You have to bring different pairs of shoes, clutches, bags, and jewels... Small things but with a maxi effect! What are you five favourite boutiques in Paris and why? My favourite boutiques are Printemps Haussmann for its huge range of designers and brands with a full selection. I love to discover exclusive designers or pieces made especially for the Printemps customers. I also like Colette for the accessories. I always find funny gifts for If you had to give frequent travellers advise on how and what to pack what would it be? When you are a globetrotter, you don’t have time to lose time thinking about what you have to bring in your suitcase. You need essentials! Cool materials, cosy pieces but also crazy accessories that are able to radically transform a basic dress for What brand have you recently discovered that got your fashionistas clients’ stamp of approval? The new designers I am following, thanks to Instagram, are 8.3 Blanc, a Dubai-based fashion label, Sylvia Toledano, a French artist who creates sparkling clutches (Printemps) What fashion trend do you think will define Spring/Summer 2015? For the next Spring/Summer season, the trends are full of energy. The 70s have inspired the party dressing, though the major piece will be denim with a BCBG DNA. It is all about twisting materials, cuts, prints and colours. What should you always have in your bag when travelling? When I am travelling I always bring a cashmere sweater in my bag. I never forget a stylish pair of sneakers, a pair from Valentino’s new collection is perfect, to feel cosy, casual and stylish. Who do you think embodies the iconic Parisian style for both ladies and gentlemen? Paris is renowned throughout the world for the natural elegance of the Parisian woman. I think it’s because of the mix of stylish and chic attitude. Laetitia Crahay, Artistic Director of Maison Michel, represents the iconic Parisian style. She has allure and personality with a touch of classy “insolence”! 12 W HE R E Pa r i s I P r i n t e m p s B i r t h d ay Sp e c i a l WP APR MY PARIS.indd 12 13/03/2015 10:41 Exclusively designed for Printemps’s anniversary: “Bamboo” Gucci bag, 1450€ Exclusively designed for Printemps’s anniversary: Maria Luisa trench coat, 195€ almost having a sixth sense to upcoming trends, offered its clients a head start in fashion. Great names in fashion entrusted the store with their names, including designer Pierre Cardin who in 1962 launched exclusive readyto-wear items only found at Printemps. Today, capsule collections and exclusive items remain a drawing card of the store with Christian Lacroix, Sonia Rykiel and Victoria Beckham only some of the world’s famous designers who have created collections just for the store or have opened their only store-in-store within Printemps. This “ahead-of-the-rest” tradition is also taking centre stage throughout the celebratory year with almost 1000 items designed by 400 brands and fashion houses being created exclusively for the luxurious department store. Scented candles, beauty products and accessories are only some of the items that will be exclusively sold as well as a capsule collection created by Maria Luisa, Printemps’s Fashion Editor. With a direct finger on the fashion pulse, Maria Luisa has always offered the stores clients the opportunity to discover not only new trends but also new designers, skilfully selecting names to shine the limelight on including JW Anderson, Christopher Kane and Cedric Charlier. Keeping its promise to its clients to continually evolve and loyal to its promise to always bring them new things, the department store not only celebrates the past 150 years but also celebrates what is yet to come. A tangible representation of the Parisian art de vivre, Printemps continues to see beyond the trends, is constantly inspired and is also a source of inspiration, in a very fashionable way. Printemps 64 blvd Haussmann (9th), +33 (0)1 42 82 50 00 www.printemps.com w w w.wh e re t rave l e r.c o m 7 WP APR PRINTEMPS.indd 7 13/03/2015 11:11 Printemps: 150 Years of Innovation Exclusively designed for Printemps’s anniversary: Comptoir des Cotonniers dress, 195€ Printemps bracelet, 35€ Printemps belt, 19€ T he famous department store, which elegantly stands on Boulevard Haussmann in the bustling 9th arrondissement of the French capital, was founded in 1865 by Jules Jaluzot, an avant-garde businessman who changed the way Parisians shopped forever. Taking a chance on the location of his department store, where at the time the opera house was still being constructed and people frowned at the noise and traffic caused by the neighbouring train station, Jules Jaluzot decided to open his store on the corner of Rue du Havre and Boulevard Haussmann, which later expanded to incorporate a second building. Designed by Paul Sédille, after an unfortunate fire, Printemps offered an opulent and luminous shopping space complete with elevators, which was a great novelty at the time. After Jules Jaluzot’s resignation in 1904, Gustave Languionie took over and quickly announced the construction of a second store, expanding the popular department store. Architect René Binet was called upon for his services and an Art Nouveau style was applied to the majestic store that opulently features two domes. Now listed as a historical monument, Printemps is a standing ode to the talented artists of that time, including sculptor Henri Chapu whose sculptured statues of the four seasons adorn the façade of the store. Printemps, meaning spring in French, was named after the season to evoke freshness and the act of renewal, and the store always celebrated the first day of spring by offering every client a bouquet of violets. And so it is only fitting that to celebrate its 150th birthday the store will dress its façade with 1000 flowers. Printemps is also rendering homage to how it all started by continuing to be ahead of its time when it comes to the art of shopping. Since the beginning the department store was dedicated to offering its clients exclusive products and brands, offering the best and 6 WH E R E Pa r i s I P r i n t e m p s B i r t h d ay Sp e c i a l WP APR PRINTEMPS.indd 6	Édouard Manet
Which stretch of water joins the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara?	84837731 Pocket Rough Guide Paris - Documents Documents 84837731 Pocket Rough Guide Paris Feb 19, 2015 Share 84837731 Pocket Rough Guide Paris Embed <iframe src="http://documents.mx/embed/84837731-pocket-rough-guide-paris.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://documents.mx/documents/84837731-pocket-rough-guide-paris.html" title="84837731 Pocket Rough Guide Paris" target="_blank">84837731 Pocket Rough Guide Paris</a></div> size(px) Description Text POCKET ROUGH GUIDE PARIS • PARIS’S BEST RESTAURANTS, BARS, SHOPS AND HOTELS • EXPERT ITINERARIES Pocket Rough Guide PARIS written and researched by RUTH BLACKMORE AND JAMES McCONNACHIE with additional contributions by SAM COOK 3 INTRODUCTION 4 PL PLAC ACES ES 34 34 ESSENTIALS 176 BEST OF PARIS 12 ACCOMMODATION AA 164 1 The Islands ........................ 36 2 The Louvre ......................... 42 3 The Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ............................ 46 4 The Eiffel Tower area .......... 54 5 The Grands Boulevards and passages ........................... 66 6 Beaubourg and Les Halles ... 78 7 The Marais ......................... 84 8 Bastille and eastern Paris ... 98 9 The Quartier Latin .............112 10 St-Germain .......................122 11 Montparnasse and southern Paris ................................132 12 Montmartre and northern Paris ...................142 13 The Bois de Boulogne and western Paris ...................152 14 Excursions ........................158 Arrival ....................................178 Getting around ........................180 Directory A–Z ..........................184 Festivals and events ................188 Chronology .............................189 French ....................................192 Index ......................................198 Paris at a glance ........................ 7 Itineraries ................................. 8 Big Sights ................................ 14 Cultural Paris .......................... 16 Dining ..................................... 18 Romantic Paris ........................ 20 Paris shopping ......................... 22 Bars and nightlife .................... 24 Paris calendar ......................... 26 Paris for kids ........................... 28 Green Paris .............................. 30 Parisian’s Paris ........................ 32 Hotels ....................................166 Hostels ..................................174 >SHOPPING One of the most appealing shopping areas is St-Germain, with its wide variety of clothes shops and gourmet food stores. Designer wear and haute couture are concentrated around the Champs-Elysées and on rue du Faubourg-St-Honoré, while more alternative fashion boutiques can be found in the Marais, especially around rue Charlot, and in Montmartre, in particular on rue des Martyrs. If you’re short on time, make for one of the department stores, such as Printemps or Galeries Lafayette on the Right Bank, or Bon Marché on the Lef Bank. For quirky one-of buys and curios, head for the atmospheric passages (nineteenth-century shopping arcades), just of the Grands Boulevards. >>NIGHTLIFE Te best clubs in Paris double up as live venues, but dancefoors rarely warm up before 1am. Good eclectic venues include the boats moored beside the Bibliothèque Nationale, and Oberkampf classics such as Le Bataclan and Le Nouveau Casino. Serious clubbers should chase down the latest soirée, though the clubs Rex, Showcase and Social Club are generally good bets. Rue des Lombards has some classic venues, notably the jazz club Le Sunside. PARIS AT A GLANCE >>EATING Tere’s a real buzz about the current Paris dining scene, as talented young chefs open up new bistrots – the Marais and eastern districts are good areas to try. For more traditional French cuisine, you don’t have to look far: every quartier has its own local bistrot, serving staples such as steak au poivre. For a really authentic experience, go for a classic brasserie such as Gallopin (see p.75) of the Grands Boulevards, where you can dine amid splendid original decor. You can almost always eat more cheaply at lunchtime, when most places ofer set menus from around €14. Even some of the haute cuisine restaurants become just about afordable at lunch. >>DRINKING It’s easy to go drinking in Paris: most cafés stay open late and serve alcoholic drinks as well as cofee, and old-fashioned wine bars and English-style “pubs” can be found everywhere. Tat said, certain areas specialize in late-night drinking. Te Marais ofers trendy but relaxed café-bars; further east, the Bastille and Oberkampf areas have lots of youthful venues, many doubling as clubs. On the Lef Bank, the Quartier Latin has lots of postage-stamp-sized studenty dives, while St-Germain is the place for cheery posh partying. OUR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WHERE TO EAT, DRINK AND SHOP ARE LISTED AT THE END OF EACH PLACES CHAPTER 8 I T I N E R A R I E S 1 Ile de la Cité > p.36. Paris was founded on this tiny island, which rises out of the River Seine. 2 Notre-Dame > p.38. The magniﬁcent Gothic cathedral of Notre-Dame is the uplifting, historic heart of the city. 3 Sainte-Chapelle > p.37. This chapel is an exquisite jewel box, walled in medieval stained glass. 4 Pont Neuf > p.36. The riverbank quays lead west to the Pont Neuf, the oldest bridge in the city, and beyond to the Square du Vert Galant, where you can sit and watch the Seine ﬂow by. ᵒ Lunch > p.120. Step south into the Latin Quarter for lunch at a classic brasserie, such as Brasserie Balzar. 5 Jardin du Luxembourg > p.127. These gardens are ﬁlled with people playing tennis or chess and couples strolling round the elegant lawns. 6 Pont des Arts > p.122. This handsome pedestrian bridge runs from St-Germain to the Louvre; you can pick up the Batobus beside it and head downriver. 7 Musée d’Orsay > p.123. This grand old railway station houses some of the most beguiling Impressionist works ever painted. 8 Eiffel Tower > p.54. Continue on the Batobus to this ever-thrilling structure, at its best at night or around sunset. ᵒ Dinner > p.130. Head back to St-Germain to an elegant bistrot, such as Au 35. Day One in Paris 9 I T I N E R A R I E S 1 Pompidou centre > p.78. Begin the day with a crash course in modern art – the Musée National d’Art Moderne has an unbeatable collection of Matisses, Picassos, and more. 2 Rue Montorgueil > p.81. Stroll down this picturesque market street, where grocers, horse butchers and ﬁshmongers ply their trade alongside traditional restaurants and trendy cafés. ᵒ Lunch > p.74. Stop off at Aux Lyonnais, an attractive old bistrot serving reﬁned Lyonnais cuisine. 3 Galerie Vivienne > p.70. One of a number of nineteenth-century shopping arcades dotted around the area, this is probably the ﬁnest, with its lofty glass ceiling, ﬂoor mosaics and Grecian motifs. 4 Palais Royal > p.69. The handsome arcaded buildings of the Palais Royal enclose peaceful gardens and shelter quirky antique shops selling pipes, Légion d’Honneur medals and lead soldiers. 5 Jardin des Tuileries > p.50. Saunter along the chestnut-tree-lined alleys of the Jardin des Tuileries, admiring the grand vistas, formal ﬂower beds and fountains. 6 Place de la Concorde > p.50. An impressive piece of town planning, with a gold-tipped obelisk at its centre, broad avenues radiating off it, and grand monuments, such as the Arc de Triomphe, in every direction. ᵒ Dinner > p.52. Treat yourself to a gourmet meal at La Table du Lancaster, perfect for an intimate dinner. Day Two in Paris 10 I T I N E R A R I E S Art lover’s Paris Paris was long the undisputed international capital of art. The cafés of Montmartre and Montparnasse may now be haunted only by the ghosts of the great Impressionists and Modernists, but in the city’s galleries you can come face to face with their living works. 1 Musée de l’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris > p.58. The museum celebrates Paris’s modernists, and has a stunning mural by Matisse and a great view across the Seine. 2 Site de Création Contemporaine > p.58. The gallery’s distressed-chic interior is home to cutting-edge contemporary art. 5 Louvre > p.42. If you’re going to tackle the mighty Louvre, take on a less well-known wing, such as French sculpture or Objets d’Art. ᵒ Dinner > p.82. Head a few steps east to the Beaubourg quartier for dinner at a brasserie, such as the centuries-old Au Chien Qui Fume. 3 Musée Rodin > p.62. Rodin’s stirring sculptures are housed in the most reﬁned and elegant of Parisian mansions. ᵒ Lunch > p.64. Stop for a hearty lunch at the relaxed La Fontaine de Mars. 4 Musée Jacquemart-André > p.48. An exceptional Italian Renaissance collection set in a lavish nineteenth-century palace. 11 I T I N E R A R I E S 1 Hotel Bonséjour Montmartre > p.173. Set on a quiet street, this hotel is a steal at €56 for a simple double with sink, or €66 for one with a shower. 2 Buses > p.182. Touring by bus is enjoyable and inexpensive; try the #29 from Gare St-Lazare, which goes past the Opera Garnier, through the Marais, and on to Bastille. Budget Paris Despite Paris’s reputation as an expensive city, there are many treats to be enjoyed for free, plus plenty of good- value deals to be had at restaurants. 3 Sacré-Coeur > p.146. There’s no charge to visit this Parisian landmark, but the real draw is the view from the terrace. 4 Musée Carnavalet > p.88. One of the city’s best free museums is the Musée Carnavalet, devoted to the history of Paris. ᵒ Lunch > p.96. For a cheap and ﬁlling lunch, get a takeaway from L'As du Fallafel in the Marais’ Jewish Quarter. 5 Place des Vosges > p.89. Lounge on the grass beneath the elegant facades of the place des Vosges, and enjoy the entertainment from buskers playing in the arcades. 6 Maison de Victor Hugo > p.90. It’s free to visit the stately place des Vosges mansion that Victor Hugo lived in. 7 Petit Palais > p.48. The Petit Palais hosts free lunchtime classical concerts on Thursdays, and there's no charge to visit the museum’s ﬁne collection of art. ᵒ Dinner > p.109. The French cuisine at charming restaurant L'Encrier is excellent value, with set menus at €19 and €23. 14 B E S T O F P A R I S Big sights 1 Eiffel Tower It may seem familiar from afar, but close up the Eiffel Tower is still an excitingly improbable structure. > p.54 15 B E S T O F P A R I S 2 Pont Neuf The “new bridge” is actually the oldest in the city, and, with its stone arches, arguably the loveliest. > p.36 5 The Panthéon The domed Panthéon shelters the remains of the French Republic’s heroes – and offers a superb view. > p.116 4 Notre-Dame Islanded in the Seine stands one of the world’s greatest Gothic cathedrals, Notre-Dame. > p.38 3 Sacré-Coeur steps From the steps of Sacré-Coeur, atop Montmartre’s hill, the silvery roofs of Paris spread to the horizon. > p.146 16 B E S T O F P A R I S 1 Musée Moreau Gustave Moreau’s eccentric canvases cover every inch of his studio’s walls; below is the apartment he shared with his parents. > p.148 Cultural Paris 17 B E S T O F P A R I S 4 Musée Carnavalet This fascinating museum brings the history of Paris to life through an extraordinary collection of paintings, artefacts and restored interiors. > p.88 5 Musée National du Moyen Age Set in a ﬁne Renaissance mansion, Paris’s Museum of the Middle Ages houses all manner of exquisite objets d’art. > p.113 2 Musée Jacquemart-André The Jacquemart-André couple’s sumptuous Second Empire residence displays their choice collection of Italian, Dutch and French masters. > p.48 3 Musée Guimet Visiting the Buddhist statues and sculptures at the beautifully designed Musée Guimet is a distinctly spiritual experience. > p.57 18 B E S T O F P A R I S Dining 1 Le Train Bleu The glamour of the belle époque lives on in the Gare de Lyon’s restaurant, with its gilt decor and crystal chandeliers. > p.109 19 B E S T O F P A R I S 5 L’Arpège Alain Passard’s unique menu includes exquisitely inventive morsels of rare vegetables in elegant sauces. > p.64 2 L’Os à Moëlle Even Right- Bankers are making the trip out to this chef-run bistrot at the edge of the city. > p.140 3 Le Dôme du Marais The superb French cuisine is reason enough to visit, but the restaurant’s glass dome setting makes it even more special. > p.95 4 Aux Lyonnais This revamped old bistrot, with beautiful tiled decor, serves up reﬁned Lyonnais cuisine. > p.75 20 B E S T O F P A R I S Romantic Paris 1 Lapérouse The private dining rooms at gourmet restaurant, Lapérouse, are full of faded elegance; close the door and summon your waiter with a buzzer. > p.130 21 B E S T O F P A R I S 3 Mixed steam session, Les Bains du Marais At weekends, the fashionable steam rooms of Les Bains du Marais are opened to male-female couples. > p.89 2 Lady with the Unicorn Tapestry, Musée du Moyen Age These ﬁve medieval tapestries, depicting the senses, comprise perhaps the most sensual work of art ever made. > p.113 4 Time out in the Tuileries Taking time out in one of Paris’s elegant gardens can be the most romantic thing of all. > p.50 5 Seine-watching From various points around the city, you can sit and watch the Seine slide by. 22 B E S T O F P A R I S 1 Anne Willi Willi designs simple, ﬂattering clothes in luxurious fabrics, as well as cute children’s outﬁts. > p.107 Paris shopping 23 B E S T O F P A R I S 4 Haut Marais boutiques Currently the city’s hottest fashion spot, the Haut Marais is full of stylish independent boutiques. > p.92 3 Abbesses boutiques Shoppers with a quirky eye should make for the independent designers and boutiques around place des Abbesses. > p.149 5 Isabel Marant Isabel Marant is renowned for her exciting, ready-to-wear collections, at prices that won’t make your eyes water. > p.107 2 Galeries Lafayette The queen of Paris’s department stores, with ﬂoor upon ﬂoor of clothes and cosmetics. > p.72 24 B E S T O F P A R I S Bars and nightlife 1 La Fourmi Cool young bohemians gather at this café-bar; perfect for pre-club drinks and ﬁnding out where to go next. > p.151 25 B E S T O F P A R I S 2 Au Limonaire At this tiny backstreet venue, you can dine while listening to young chanson singers, poets and vaudevillean acts. > p.77 5 Le Nouveau Casino Smallish but superb venue with esoteric live acts and varied DJ soirées later on. > p.111 3 Point Ephémère An alternative-leaning arts collective uses this buzzingly boho ex-canal boathouse for exhibitions and gigs. > p.111 4 Batofar There’s not much space for a club on an old lightship, but Batofar is a classic, friendly venue. > p.141 26 B E S T O F P A R I S Paris calendar 1 Paris in spring The Seine-side beach of summer, the café terraces of winter and the autumn leaves all have their appeal, but spring remains the loveliest time to visit Paris. 27 B E S T O F P A R I S 2 Nuit Blanche During Nuit Blanche (the Sleepless Night) hundreds of galleries, cafés and public buildings stage events all night. > p.188 3 Paris Plage For four weeks in summer, tonnes of sand are laid out as a beach along a stretch of the Seine. > p.188 4 Patinoire de l’Hôtel de Ville From early December to the end of February there is an ice-skating rink in front of the town hall. > p.91 5 Bastille Day July 14 is the country’s most important national holiday, celebrated with dancing, ﬁreworks and a military parade down the Champs-Elysées. > p.188 28 B E S T O F P A R I S Paris for kids 1 Disneyland Disney’s vast theme park may not be very French, but the children will love it. > p.162 29 B E S T O F P A R I S 4 Jardin d’Acclimatation No child could fail to be enchanted by this wonderland of mini-canal and train rides, adventure parks and farm animals. > p.153 5 Jardin des Plantes These delightful gardens have plenty of plants, but also a small zoo and the Grande Galerie de l’Évolution. > p.117 2 Jardin du Luxembourg boats One of the timeless pleasures of the Luxembourg gardens is hiring a toy boat and sailing it across the circular pond. > p.127 3 Parc de la Villette The Géode Omnimax cinema is just one of the many attractions for kids in this futuristic park. > p.102 30 B E S T O F P A R I S Green Paris 1 Jardin des Tuileries The French formal garden par excellence: sweeping vistas, symmetrical ﬂower beds and straight avenues. > p.50 31 B E S T O F P A R I S 2 Jardin du Luxembourg For all its splendid Classical design, the Luxembourg is still the most relaxed and friendly of Paris’s parks. > p.127 3 Jardin du Palais Royal Enclosed by a collection of arcaded shops, the Jardin du Palais Royal makes a wonderful retreat from the city bustle. > p.69 4 Place des Vosges The place des Vosges’s ensemble of pink-brick buildings form an elegant backdrop to the attractive garden at its centre. > p.89 5 Promenade Plantée This disused railway line, now an elevated walkway, is a great way to see a little-known part of the city. > p.98 32 B E S T O F P A R I S Parisian’s Paris 1 The Café de la Mosquée The Paris mosque serves North African snacks and mint tea at its café, and has a hammam (steam bath) next door. > p.117 33 B E S T O F P A R I S 2 Cinema The city’s historic cinemas, such as The Rex, are the ideal venues for a French classic. > p.184 3 Raspail organic market On Sunday mornings, Paris’s fashionable foodies ﬂock to the exquisite Marché Bio, or organic market, which runs down boulevard Raspail. > p.128 4 Vélib’ Against all expectations, Parisians have enthusiastically taken to the city’s wonderful pick-up and drop-off bike scheme. > p.182 5 Les Trois Baudets The up-and-coming stars of French chanson – the classic, Parisian singer-songwriter tradition – now have a dedicated venue. > p.151 1. 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THE THE THE HHE THEE MMMMMAARA ARA A AR IS >pp.8 p.8 .844 Arg AAAArg Arg Arg Arg bb uabbbb uu ly ly lly y the the ee city’ ys m m s os ost osst t be be be bbb gui ui gu gu lin lin li lin lin n l ggg ggg qu qqu q ar arti ti ti tier, w , w with its han han hhha h ds dso dsome me me e Renaissan ance ce ce bui bui ui ui ui ui bui uild ldi ldi ldi ld ldinngs ngs gss ngss.. 8. .. BAS BAS BA BASTI TTILLE L AND E EASTERN RN PAR PP IS >p.98 The The v vibrant eastern districts boast some of the city’s best nightlife. 9. THE QUARTIER LATI AA N >p.112 The historic student quarter preserves a ﬂavour of both medieval and bohemian Paris. 10. ST T-GE -G RMA RM IN >p.1 p.122 2 Th The Left Ban Ba k hosts myriad shops and cafés. 11. MONTPARNAS ASSE SE E AND SOUTHERRN N PAR PP IS >p.132 Head south for recherch ché sights and the h ci i ci cccity’ tty’ t s m most ostt authentically local café f s a s and restauurants. 12. 12 MON ONTMAR MA TRE AAND AAA NORTTHER HERNN PPAR P IS >p.1 p.142 42 Fam F ed for for itts artists ts, hilly Montmartre still clings to its co c unt unter- -cul cultur turaal identity. 13. 13 13. 1133 1 THE B E B E OIS DE BOULOGNE AND WE W SSTER T N PAR PAR P IISS >p.152 Lakes, gardens and an adventure playground. 14. EXCURSIONS >p.158 Versailles and Disneyland are both a sh short ort rt rt tttt tr tr tr train ainn in ain ainnnn rrrridde de de de e de de from Pari ris. s 36 T H E I S L A N D S P O N T N E U F PONT NEUF M Pont Neuf. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP C16 Despite its name, the Pont Neuf is Paris’s oldest surviving bridge, built in 1607 by Henri IV, one of the city’s frst great town planners. A handsome stone construction with twelve arches, the bridge links the western tip of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the river. It was the frst in Paris to be made of stone rather than wood, hence the name. Henri is commemorated with a stately equestrian statue. The Islands There’s no better place to start a tour of Paris than its two river islands, Ile de la Cité, the city’s ancient core, and charming, village-like Ile St-Louis. The Ile de la Cité is where Paris began. It was settled in around 300 BC by a Celtic tribe, the Parisii, and in 52 BC was overrun by the Romans who built a palace-fortress at the western end of the island. In the tenth century the Frankish kings transformed this fortress into a splendid palace, of which the Sainte-Chapelle and the Conciergerie prison survive today. At the other end of the island they erected the great cathedral of Notre-Dame. The maze of medieval streets that grew up around these monuments was largely erased in the nineteenth century by Baron Haussmann, Napoleon III’s Préfet de la Seine (a post equivalent to mayor of Paris), and much of the island is now occupied by imposing Neoclassical ediﬁces, including the Palais de Justice, or law courts. 37 T H E I S L A N D S I N S I D E T H E S A I N T E - C H A P E L L E SQUARE DU VERT-GALANT M Pont Neuf. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP C16 Enclosed within the triangular “stern” of the island, the square du Vert-Galant is a tranquil, tree-lined garden and a popular lovers’ haunt. Te square takes its name (a “Vert-Galant” is a “green” or “lusty” gentleman) from the nickname given to Henri IV, whose amorous exploits were legendary. PLACE DAUPHINE M Cité. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP C16 Red-brick seventeenth-century houses fank the entrance to place Dauphine, one of the city’s most secluded and attractive squares, lined with venerable townhouses. Te noise of trafc recedes here, likely to be replaced by nothing more intrusive than the gentle tap of boules being played in the shade of the chestnuts. THE SAINTE-CHAPELLE 4 bd du Palais M Cité. Daily: March–Oct 9.30am–6pm; Nov–Feb 9am–5pm. €8, combined ticket with the Conciergerie €11. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP D16 Te slender spire of the Sainte-Chapelle soars high above the Palais de Justice buildings. Tough damaged in the Revolution, it was sensitively restored in the mid-nineteenth century and remains one of the fnest achievements of French High Gothic, renowned for its exquisite stained-glass windows. Te building was constructed by Louis IX between 1242 and 1248 to house a collection of holy relics, including Christ’s crown of thorns and a fragment of the True Cross, bought from the bankrupt empire of Byzantium. First you enter the lower chapel, where servants would have worshipped; very simply decorated, it gives no clue as to the splendour that lies ahead in the upper chapel. Here you’re greeted by a truly dazzling sight – a vast, almost uninterrupted expanse of magnifcent stained glass, supported by deceptively fragile-looking stone columns. When the sun streams through, the glowing blues and reds of the stained glass dapple the interior and it feels as if you’re surrounded by myriad brilliant butterfies. Te windows, two-thirds of which are original (the others are from the nineteenth-century restoration), tell virtually the entire story of the Bible, beginning on the north side with Genesis and various other books of the Old Testament, continuing with the Passion of Christ (east end) and ending with the Apocalypse in the rose window. 38 T H E I S L A N D S THE CONCIERGERIE 2 bd du Palais M Cité. Daily: March–Oct 9.30am–6pm; Nov–Feb 9am–5pm. €7, combined ticket with Sainte-Chapelle €11. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP D16 Located within the Palais de Justice complex, the Conciergerie is Paris’s oldest prison, where Marie-Antoinette and, in their turn, the leading fgures of the Revolution were incarcerated before execution. It was turned into a prison – and put in the charge of a “concierge”, or steward – afer Etienne Marcel’s uprising in 1358 led Charles V to decamp to the greater security of the Louvre. One of its towers, on the corner of the quai de l’Horloge, bears Paris’s frst public clock, built in 1370 and now fully restored. Inside the Conciergerie are several splendidly vaulted Gothic halls, among the few surviving vestiges of the original Capetian palace. Elsewhere a number of rooms and prisoners’ cells, including Marie-Antoinette’s cell, have been reconstructed to show what they might have been like at the time of the French Revolution. CATHÉDRALE DE NOTRE-DAME M Cité & M /RER St-Michel. Cathedral daily 8am–6.45pm; free. Towers daily: April–Sept 10am–6.30pm, till 11pm Sat & Sun June–Aug; Oct–March 10am–5.30pm; €8, under-18s free. Guided tours in English Wed & Thurs 2pm, Sat 2.30pm; 1hr–1hr 30min; free; meet at welcome desk. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP E17 One of the masterpieces of the Gothic age, the Cathédrale de Notre-Dame rears up from the Ile de la Cité like a ship moored by huge fying buttresses. It was among the frst of the great Gothic cathedrals built in northern France and one of the most ambitious, its nave reaching an unprecedented 33m. It was begun in 1160 and completed around 1345. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it fell into decline, sufering its worst depredations during the Revolution. It was only in the 1820s that the SQUARE DU VERT-GALANT PLACE DAUPHINE SQ. DE LA TOUR ST-JACQUES PLACE DE L’HOTEL DE VILLE PL. DU PETIT PONT PLACE ST-MICHEL P O N T A U D O U B L E P E T I T P O N T RUE DE LUTECE R . D A N T E RUE R U E D E R . D E S O R F E V R E S R U E A . A D A M R . D E L A T A C H E R I E P O N T S T - M I C H E L P O N T N E U F QUAI DU MARCHE NEUF Q U A I D E L’ H O R L O G E R . D E H A R L A Y Q U A I D E S O R F E V R E S V O I E G E O R G E S P O MP I D O U Q U A I D E L A C O R S E R U E S T - S E V E R I N P R I V A S R U E X . R. DE LA HUCHETTE R U E D U P O N T N E U F R . D E S B O U R D O N N A I S R U E E . C O L O N N E RUE J. LANTI ER R . GALANDE R U E D E L A M O N N A I E PL. DU PONT NEUF PLACE L. LEPI NE R U E B E R T I N P O I R E E R. ST-GERMAIN L’AUXERROIS PLACE DU CHATELET PL. DU PARVI S NOTRE- DAME R . QUAI ST-MI CHEL P O N T A U C H A N G E P O N T N O T R E - D A M E P O N T D ' A R C O L E R U E D ’ A R C O L E B L V D D U P A L A I S R U E D E L A C I T E AVENUE VI CTORI A R U E D E R I V O L I Q U A I D E C O N T I G R A N D S A U G U S T I N S Q U A I D E S QUAI DE GESVRES QUAI DE LA M EGI SSERI E Q U A I D E St-Germain- l’Auxerrois Hôtel des Monnaies Direction RATP Tour St-Jacques Assistance Publique Conciergerie Palais de Justice Ste- Chapelle Préfecture de Police Hôtel Dieu Crypte Archéologique Kilomètre Zéro St-Julien- le-Pauvre R i v e r S e i n e CHÂTELET PONT NEUF CITÉ HÔTEL DE VILLE ST-MICHEL ST-MICHEL NOTRE-DAME Ile de la Cité N Sainte-Chapelle Hôtel Henri IV Hôtel de Lutèce Brasserie de l’Ile St-Louis Mon Vieil Ami Taverne Henri IV Berthillon L’Epicerie Librairie Ulysse 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 BARS LIVE MUSIC ACCOMMODATION RESTAURANTS SHOPS 39 T H E I S L A N D S N O T R E - D A M E cathedral was at last given a much-needed restoration, a task entrusted to the great architect-restorer Viollet-le- Duc, who carried out a thorough – some would say too thorough – renovation, remaking much of the statuary on the facade (the originals can be seen in the Musée National du Moyen Age) and adding the steeple and baleful-looking gargoyles, which you can see close up if you climb the towers. Te cathedral’s facade is one of its most impressive exterior features; the Romanesque infuence is still visible, not least in its solid H-shape, but the overriding impression is one of lightness and grace, created in part by the delicate fligree work of the central rose window and the gallery above. Inside, you’re struck by the dramatic contrast between the darkness of the nave and the light falling on the frst great clustered pillars of the choir. It is the end walls of the transepts which admit all this light, being nearly two-thirds glass, including two magnifcent rose windows coloured in imperial purple. Tese, the vaulting and the soaring shafs reaching to the springs of the vaults, are all defnite Gothic elements, while there remains a strong sense of Romanesque in the stout round pillars of the nave and the general sense of four-squareness. SQUARE JEAN XXIII SQUARE DE L'ILE DE FRANCE SQUARE A. SCHWEITZER PLACE ST-GERVAIS SQUARE BARYE SQUARE DE L’AVE MARIA SQUARE H. GALLI P O N T D E L ' A R C H E V É C H É R . J . D U B E L L A Y R . D E S N O N N A I N S D ’ H Y E R E S R . D U P O N T L O U I S - P H I L I P P E DU CLOITRE-NOTRE-DAME L A B U C H E R IE R U E F . S A U T O N R . M A I T R E A L B E R T R U E D E S U R S I N S R U E L E R E G R A T T I E R R U E B U D E RUE COCHI N RUE DES CHANTIERS R U E D E B I E V R E PORT SAI NT-BER N A R D PORT DE LA TOURNELLE PORT DE MONTEBELLO R U E D U F A U C O N N I E R R. DE L’AVE M ARIA R . D E S J A R D I N S S T - P A U L R U E S T - L O U I S E N L’ I L E Q U A I D ’ O R L E A N S Q U A I D E B E T H U N E Q U A I D E B O U R B O N V O I E G E O R G E S P O MP I D O U PORT DES CELESTI NS PORT DE L’HOTEL DE VILLE P O N T L O U I S - P H I L I P P E Q U A I A U X F L E U R S R U E C H A N O I N E S S E R . D E S B A R R E S RUE C H ARLES V R . D ES LIO N S ST-PA U L RUE DE L’ HOTEL DE VI LLE R . D U F I G U I E R R U E D E S D E U X P O N T S R U E G . L ’ A S N I E R R U E F R A N Ç O I S M I RON PL. DU BATAILLON FRANCAIS DE L’O.N.U. EN COREE Q U A I D ’ A N J O U R U E P O U L L E T I E R R U E D E S B E R N A R D I N S R . D E P O N T O I S E R U E S T - P A U L R U E D E L O B A U L A G R A N G E P O N T M A R I E P O N T D E S U L L Y P O N T D E S U L L Y P O N T D E L A T O U R N E L L E P O N T S T - L O U I S QUAI DE L’ HOTEL DE VI LLE QU A I DE S CELE S T I N S QUAI DE LA TOURNELLE QUAI S T - B E R N A R D M O NTEBELLO B O U L E V A R D S T - G E R M A I N Mémorial de la Déportation Institut du Monde Arabe St-Louis- en-l’Ile Hôtel de Lauzun Maison Européene de la Photographie Mémorial de la Shoah St-Gervais St-Protais Notre- Dame Hôtel de Ville Mairie de Paris Quai de l'Hôtel de Ville Quai Saint-Bernard Quai de Montebello PONT MARIE Ile St-Louis 150 metres 0 150 yards 0 The Islands 40 T H E I S L A N D S KILOMÈTRE ZÉRO M Cité. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP D17 On the pavement by the west door of Notre-Dame is a spot, marked by a bronze star, known as Kilomètre Zéro, from which all main-road distances in France are calculated. THE CRYPTE ARCHÉOLOGIQUE Place du Parvis-Notre-Dame M Cité & M /RER St-Michel. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. €4. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP D17 Te atmospherically lit Crypte Archéologique is a large excavated area under the place du Parvis revealing the remains of the original cathedral, as well as vestiges of the streets and houses that once clustered around Notre-Dame: most are medieval, but some date as far back as Gallo-Roman times. LE MÉMORIAL DE LA DÉPORTATION M Cité. Daily 10am–noon & 2–7pm, closes 5pm in winter. Free. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP E17 Scarcely visible above ground, the stark and moving Mémorial de la Déportation is the symbolic tomb of the 200,000 French who died in Nazi concentration camps during World War II – among them Jews, Resistance fghters and forced labourers. Stairs barely shoulder-wide descend into a space like a prison yard and then into a crypt, of which is a long, narrow, stifing corridor, its walls covered in thousands of points of light representing the dead. Above the exit are the words “Pardonne, n’oublie pas” (“Forgive; do not forget”). ILE ST-LOUIS M Pont-Marie. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP E17–F18 Te smaller of the two islands, Ile St-Louis, is prime strolling territory. Unlike its larger neighbour, it has no heavy- weight sights; rather, the island’s allure lies in its handsome ensemble of austerely beautiful seventeenth- century houses, tree-lined quais and narrow streets, crammed with restaurants, art galleries and gif shops. For centuries the Ile St-Louis was nothing but swampy pastureland, a haunt of lovers, duellists and miscreants on the run, until in the seventeenth-century the real-estate developer, Christophe Marie, flled it with elegant mansions. I L E S T - L O U I S 41 T H E I S L A N D S Shops BERTHILLON 31 rue St-Louis-en-l’Ile M Pont-Marie. Wed–Sun 10am–8pm. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP F17 Long queues form for Berthillon’s exquisite ice creams and sorbets that come in all sorts of unusual favours, such as rhubarb and Earl Grey tea. L’EPICERIE 51 rue St-Louis-en-l’Ile M Pont-Marie. Daily 10.30am–7pm. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP F17 Attractively packaged vinegars, oils, jams and mustards, with some unusual favourings, such as orange and rosemary white-wine vinegar from Champagne. LIBRAIRIE ULYSSE 26 rue St-Louis-en-l’Ile M Pont-Marie. Tues–Fri 2–8pm. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP F17 A tiny bookshop, piled from foor to ceiling with new and secondhand travel books. Restaurants BRASSERIE DE L’ILE ST-LOUIS 55 quai de Bourbon M Pont-Marie T 01.43.54.02.59. Daily except Wed noon– midnight; closed Aug. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP E17 A bustling place with a rustic, dark-wood interior and firty waiters dishing out dollops of sauerkraut with ham and sausage and other brasserie staples (mains around €19). MON VIEIL AMI 69 rue St-Louis-en-l’Ile M Pont-Marie T 01.40.46.01.35. Wed–Sun 11.30–2.30pm & 7–10.30pm; closed 3 weeks in Jan & Aug. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP E17 Overseen by Michelin-starred Alsatian chef Antoine Westermann, this charming little bistrot ofers bold, zesty cuisine made with seasonal ingre dients, and a wine list including a selection of Alsatian vintages. Tree courses from around €40. Bars TAVERNE HENRI IV 13 place du Pont-Neuf M Pont-Neuf. Mon–Fri 11.30am–9.30pm, Sat noon–5pm; closed Aug. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP C16 An old-style wine bar, buzziest at lunchtime when lawyers from the Palais de Justice drop in for generous meat and cheese platters (around €12) and toasted sandwiches. Live music SAINTE-CHAPELLE 4 bd du Palais M Cité T 01.42.77.65.65; bookings also at any FNAC (see p.107) or Virgin Megastore, 60 av des Champs-Elysées. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP D16 Classical music concerts are held in the splendid surround- ings of the chapel more or less daily. Tickets €27–33. B R A S S E R I E D E L ’ I L E S T - L O U I S 42 T H E L O U V R E THE PALACE MAP P.44, POCKET MAP B15–C15 For centuries the site of the French court, the palace was originally little more than a feudal fortress, begun by Philippe-Auguste in 1200. It wasn’t until the reign of François I that the foundations of the present-day building were laid, and from then on almost every sovereign added to the Louvre, leaving the palace a surprisingly harmonious building. Even with the addition in 1989 of the initially controversial glass Pyramide in the cour Napoléon – an extraordinary leap of imagination conceived by architect I. M. Pei – the overall efect of the Louvre is of a quintessentially French grandeur and symmetry. PAINTING Te largest of the museum’s collections is its paintings. Te early Italians are perhaps the most interesting, among them Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. If you want to get near her, go during one of the evening openings, or frst thing in the day. Other highlights of the Italian collection include two Botticelli frescoes and Fra Angelico’s Coronation of the Virgin. Fifeenth- to seventeenth-century Italian paintings line the Grande Galerie, including Leonardo’s Virgin and Child with St Anne and Virgin of the Rocks. Epic-scale nineteenth-century French works are displayed in the parallel suite of rooms, among them the Coronation of Napoleon I, by David, Ingres’ languorous nude, La Grande Odalisque, and Géricault’s harrowing Raf of the Medusa. The Louvre The Louvre is one of the world’s truly great museums. Opened in 1793, during the Revolution, it soon acquired the largest art collection on earth, thanks to Napoleon’s conquests. Today, it houses paintings, sculpture and precious art objects, from Ancient Egyptian jewellery to the beginnings of Impressionism. Separate from the Louvre proper, but within the palace, are three design museums under the aegis of Les Arts Décoratifs, dedicated to fashion and textiles, decorative arts and advertising. T H E L O U V R E 43 T H E L O U V R E the later part of the collection, the chilly wind of Neoclassi- cism blows through the paintings of Gros, Gérard, Prud’hon, David and Ingres, contrasting with the more sentimental style that begins with Greuze and continues into the Romanticism of Géricault and Delacroix. Te fnal rooms take in Corot and the Barbizon school, the precursors of Impressionism. Te Louvre’s collection of French painting stops at 1848, a date picked up by the Musée d’Orsay (see p.123). V I S I T I N G T H E M O N A L I S A A good point to start a circuit of French paintings is with the master of French Classicism, Poussin; his profound themes, taken from antiquity, the Bible and mythology, were to infuence generations of artists. You’ll need a healthy appetite for Classicism in the next suite of rooms, but there are some arresting portraits. When you move into the less severe eighteenth century, the more intimate paintings of Watteau come as a relief, as do Chardin’s intense still lifes. In Visiting the Louvre M Louvre Rivoli/Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre T 08.92.68.36.22, W www.louvre.fr. Mon, Thurs, Sat & Sun 9am–6pm, Wed & Fri 9am–10pm. €9.50; €6 after 6pm; free to under-18s & under-26s from (or studying in) EU countries, and everyone on the ﬁrst Sunday of each month. Same-day readmission allowed. You can buy tickets in advance by phone, online or from branches of FNAC and Virgin Megastore. The main entrance is via the Pyramide, but you can also try the entrance directly under the Arc du Carrousel, accessible from 99 rue de Rivoli and from the Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre métro stop. Pre-booked ticket-holders can enter from the Passage Richelieu. Owing to the sheer volume of exhibits, you won't have time to see everything. The Denon wing, with the Mona Lisa, is a popular place to start; relatively peaceful alternatives are the grand chronologies of French painting and sculpture, the sensual collection of Objets d’Art, or the dramatic Medieval Louvre section. Pick up a free ﬂoor plan at the start. 44 T H E L O U V R E ANTIQUITIES Te Oriental Antiquities and Arts of Islam categories cover the Mesopotamian, Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian and Phoenician civilizations, and the art of ancient Persia, India and Spain. One of the collection’s most important exhibits is the Code of Hammurabi, a basalt stele from around 1800 BC covered in Akkadian script setting down King Hammurabi’s rules of conduct for his subjects. Te Egyptian Antiquities collection starts with the atmospheric crypt of the Sphinx. Everyday life is illustrated through cooking utensils, jewellery, the principles of hieroglyphics, sarcophagi and a host of mummifed cats. Te collection continues with the development of Egyptian art. Te biggest crowd-pullers afer the Mona Lisa are found in the Greek and Roman Antiquities section: the Winged Victory of Samothrace, and the late-second-century BC Venus de Milo, striking a classic model’s pose. T H E G A L E R I E D ’ A P O L L O N PLACE A. MALRAUX PLACE COLETTE PLACE DES PYRAMIDES PLACE DU CARROUSEL P O R T D E S S A I N T S - P E R E S R U E M O L I E R E R . V I L L E D O P G E S T - R O C H R U E S T E - A N N E R . D U 2 9 J U I L L E T R U E J . J . R O U S S E A U R . D E S B O N S E N F A N T S R U E D U B O U L O I R U E T H E R E S E A V E N U E D U G E N E R A L L E M O N N I E R R U E D U C O L O N E L D R IA N T P O R T D U L O U V R E COUR NAPOLEON COUR CARREE R U E S T - R O C H PLACE DU PALAIS ROYAL R U E D ’ A R G E N T E U I L R U E D E S P Y R A M I D E S R U E D E R I C H E L I E U R U E S T - H O N O R E R U E D E V A L O I S R . D E B E A U J O L A I S R U E D E M O N T P E N S I E R R U E D E L ' E C H E L L E R U E D E L I L L E G A L . V É R O - D O D A T R U E D E L A S O U R D I E R E R U E D E L ’ A M I R A L D E C O L I G N Y P O N T D U C A R R O U S E L P O N T D E S A R T S R U E S A I N T - H O N O R E A V E N U E D E L ’ O P E R A R U E C R O I X D E S P E T I T S C H A M P S R U E D E R I V O L I Q U A I D U L O U V R E M A L A Q U A I S Q U A I Q U A I V O L T A I R E St-Germain- l’Auxerrois Palais Royal Louvre des Antiquaires Banque de France Comédie Française Pyramide Pyramide Inversée Musée de la Publicité Musée du Louvre St-Roch Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel Musée des Arts Décoratifs R i c h e l i e u D e n o n S u lly S u lly Quai Malaquais R i v e r S e i n e Quai du Louvre Jardin du Carrousel Jardin du Palais Royal Jardin de l'Infante PYRAMIDES LOUVRE RIVOLI PALAIS ROYAL MUSÉE DU LOUVRE 150 metres 0 150 yards 0 N The Louvre 45 T H E L O U V R E Cafés CAFÉ MOLLIEN First ﬂoor, Denon wing. Daily except Tues 10.15am–5pm, until 7pm Wed & Fri. Te busiest of the Louvre’s cafés has a prime position near the Grande Galerie, with huge windows giving onto a terrace (open in summer only). CAFÉ RICHELIEU First ﬂoor, Richelieu wing. Same hours as Café Mollien. Te most prim and elegant of the Louvre’s cafés, Café Richelieu serves a range of full meals, as well as drinks and snacks. Te spectacular outdoor terrace is open for business in the summer months. OBJETS D’ART Te vast Objets d’Art section presents the fnest tapestries, ceramics, jewellery and furniture commissioned by France’s wealthiest patrons. It begins with the rather pious Middle Ages section and continues through 81 relentlessly superb rooms to a salon decorated in the style of Louis-Philippe, the last king of France. Walking through the complete chronology gives a powerful sense of the evolution of aesthetic taste at its most refned and opulent. Te circuit also passes through the breathtaking apartments of Napoleon III’s minister of state. SCULPTURE Te sculpture section covers the development of the art in France from the Romanesque to Rodin in the Richelieu wing, and Italian and northern European sculpture in the Denon wing, including Michelangelo’s Slaves, designed for the tomb of Pope Julius II. Te huge glass-covered court- yards of the Richelieu wing – the cour Marly with the Marly Horses, which once graced place de la Concorde, and the cour Puget with Puget’s Milon de Crotone as the centrepiece – are very impressive. LES ARTS DÉCORATIFS 107 rue de Rivoli W www.lesartsdecoratifs.fr. Tues, Wed & Fri 11am–6pm, Thurs 11am–9pm, Sat & Sun 10am–6pm. €8. Separate from the rest of the Louvre, Les Arts Décoratifs comprises three museums devoted to design and the applied arts. Te core of the collection is found in the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, displaying superbly crafed furniture and objets. Te medieval and Renaissance rooms show of curiously shaped and beauti- fully carved pieces, religious paintings and Venetian glass. Te Art Nouveau and Art Deco rooms include a 1903 bedroom by Hector Guimard – the Art Nouveau designer behind the original Paris métro stations. Individual designers of the 1980s and 90s, such as Philippe Starck, are also represented. Te Musée de la Mode et du Textile holds high-quality temporary exhibitions demon- strating cutting-edge Paris fashions from all eras, such as Jackie Kennedy’s famous dresses of the 1960s. On the top foor, the Musée de la Publicité shows of its collection of advertising posters through cleverly themed, temporary exhibitions. 46 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S THE CHAMPS-ELYSÉES MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP B5–E6 Te celebrated avenue des Champs-Elysées, a popular rallying point at times of national crisis and the scene of big military parades on Bastille Day, sweeps down from the Arc de Triomphe towards the place de la Concorde. Its heyday was during the Second Empire when members of the haute bourgeoisie built themselves splendid mansions along its length and fashionable society frequented the avenue’s cafés and theatres. Nowadays, this broad, tree-lined avenue is still an impressive sight, especially when viewed from the place de la Concorde, and although fast-food outlets and chain stores tend to predominate, it has been steadily regaining some of its former cachet as a chic address: the Louis Vuitton fagship store (see p.51) has undergone a glitzy revamp, while once-dowdy shops such The Champs-Elysées and Tuileries The breathtakingly ambitious Champs-Elysées is part of a grand, nine-kilometre axis, often referred to as the “Voie Triomphale”, or Triumphal Way, that extends from the Louvre at the heart of the city to the Défense business district in the west. Combining imperial pomp and supreme elegance, it offers impressive vistas along its entire length and incorporates some of the city’s most famous landmarks – the place de la Concorde, Tuileries gardens and the Arc de Triomphe. The whole ensemble is so regular and geometrical it looks as though it might have been laid out by a single town planner rather than successive kings, emperors and presidents, all keen to add their stamp and promote French power and prestige. T H E A R C D E T R I O M P H E as the Renault show room at no. 53 and the Publicis adver- tising agency, near the Arc de Triomphe, have had stylish makeovers. New, fashionable restaurants and bars are constantly popping up in the streets that spar of the avenue. 47 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S THE ARC DE TRIOMPHE M Charles-de-Gaulle. Daily: April–Sept 10am–11pm; Oct–March 10am–10.30pm. €9. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP B5 Crowning the Champs-Elysées, the Arc de Triomphe sits imposingly in the middle of place Charles de Gaulle, also known as l’Etoile (“star”) on account of the twelve avenues radiating from it. Modelled on the ancient Roman triumphal arches, this imperial behemoth was built by Napoleon as a homage to the armies of France and is engraved with the names of 660 generals and numerous French battles. Te best of the exterior reliefs is François Rude’s Marseillaise, in which an Amazon-type fgure personify ing the Revolution charges forward with a sword, her face contorted in a ferce rallying cry. A quiet reminder of the less glorious side of war is the tomb of the unknown soldier placed beneath the arch and marked by an eternal fame that is stoked up every evening by war veterans. Te climb up to the top is well worth it for the panoramic views. THE GRAND PALAIS M Champs-Elysées-Clemenceau W www .grandpalais.fr. Galeries nationales du Grand Palais: daily except Tues 10am–8pm, Wed until 10pm. €11. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D6 At the lower end of the Champs-Elysées is the Grand Palais, a grandiose Neoclassical building with a fne glass and ironwork cupola, created for the 1900 Exposition Univer- selle. Te cupola forms the centrepiece of the nef (nave), a huge, impressive exhibition space, used for large-scale installations, fashion shows and trade fairs. In the north wing of the building is the Galeries nationales, Paris’s prime venue for major art retrospectives, such as the blockbuster Turner exhibition in 2010. Te Grand Palais’ eastern wing houses the Palais de la Découverte (Tues–Sat 9.30am–6pm, Sun 10am–7pm; €7), Paris’s original science museum dating from the late 1930s, with interactive exhibits, an excellent planetarium and engaging exhibitions, such as recent ones on dinosaurs and the history of clay. T H E G R A N D P A L A I S A N D T H E P O N T A L E X A N D R E I I I 48 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S THE PETIT PALAIS Av Winston Churchill M Champs-Elysées- Clemenceau T 01.53.43.40.00, W www .petit-palais.paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Free. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D6–7 Te Petit Palais houses the Musée des Beaux Arts. Built at the same time as its larger neighbour the Grand Palais, the building is hardly “petit” but certainly palatial, with beautiful spiral wrought-iron staircases and a grand gallery on the lines of Versailles’ Hall of Mirrors. Te museum has an extensive collection of paintings, sculpture and decora- tive artworks, ranging from the ancient Greek and Roman period up to the early twentieth century. At frst sight it looks like it’s mopped up the lefovers afer the city’s other galleries have taken their pick, but there are some real gems here, such as Monet’s Sunset at Lavacourt and Courbet’s provocative Young Ladies on the Bank of the Seine. Tere’s also fantasy jewellery of the Art Nouveau period, a fne collection of seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting, Russian icons and efete eighteenth- century furniture and porcelain. A stylish café overlooks the interior garden, and popular free lunchtime concerts are held most Tursdays at 12.30 by Radio France (turn up about an hour in advance to collect a ticket). MUSÉE JACQUEMART-ANDRÉ 158 bd Haussmann M Miromesnil/ St-Philippe-du-Roule T 01.45.62.11.59, W www.musee-jacquemart-andre.com. Daily 10am–6pm. €10. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D5 Te Musée Jacquemart-André is set in a magnifcent nineteenth-century hôtel particulier (mansion), hung PLACE G. GUILLAUMIN PLACE DES ETATS-UNIS SQUARE BRIGNOLE GALLIERA R U E C L E M E N T M A R O T P O R T D U G R O S C A I L L O U R . J E A N G IR A U D O U X A V E B E R T I E A L B R E C H T R U E B E A U J O N R U E B A L Z A C R . K E P P L E R R U E D E B A S S A N O RUE G. BI ZET R . B A L Z A C R . L A M E N N A IS R U E D ’ A R T O I S R . P . B A U D R Y R UE DE R U E L I N C O L N R U E D E M A R I G N A N R . C . C O L O M B R U E DE PRE S B O U R G R . G A L I L E E R U E Q U E N T I N B A U C H A R T R . D E C H A I L L O T R U E J E A N G O U J O N P O R T D E L A C O N F E R E N C E R . B A Y A R D R U E J E A N M E R M O Z RUE VERNET R U E D E B E R R I C O U R S A L B E R T 1 E R AVE GABRIEL P ONT HI E U R U E D U C O L I S E E R U E D E L A B A U M E R . D E M O N C E A U R U E D U B O C C A D O R R . D E L A T R E M O I L L E R . G A L I L E E R U E D E L A P E R O U S E R U E D U M O N T D ’ U R V I L L E RUE DE BELLOY R U E L A U R I S T O N PLACE DES TERNES A V E M Y R O N T . H E R R I C K PLACE CHASSAIGNE- GOYON R U E D E P E N T H I E V R E P O N T D E L ’ A L M A PL. DE L’ALMA PLACE FRANCOIS 1ER R . H A M E L I N R U E F R A N C O IS 1 E R R U E W A S H I N G T O N R U E F R A N C O I S 1 E R A V E P I E R R E 1 E R D E S E R B I E R U E L A B O E T I E A V E N U E G E O R G E V A V E G E O R G E V R U E M A R B E U F R U E L A B O E T I E R U E D E M I R O M E S N I L A V E N U E M A T I G N O N R. DU FAUBOURG ST-HONORE A V E N U E K L E B E R R U E DU FA UBOU RG S T- HONOR E A V E N U E H O C H E PLACE CHARLES DE GAULLE PLACE D’IENA R U E D E C O U R C E L L E S ROND POINT DES CHAMPS- ELYSÉES A V E N U E P E R C I E R A V E N U E F R A N K L I N D . R O O S E V E L T R U E D E L ’ U N I V E R S I T E PLACE AMIRAL DE GRASSE R U E P I E R R E C H A R R O N A V E N U E D ’ I E N A A V E N U E Q U A I B L V D H A U S S M A N N A V E N U E M A R C E A U A V E N U E M O N T A I G N E A V E N U E D E S C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A V E D E W A G R A M A V E F R A N K L I N D . R O O S E V E L T A V E N U E D E F R I E D L A N D Musée Jacquemart-André Arc de Triomphe Cathédrale Américaine Théâtre des Champs-Elysées Musée de la Mode et du Costume Palais Galliera Musée National des Arts Asiatiques Guimet Musée d’Art Moderne Palais de Tokyo Sewers entrance American Church in Paris Palais de la Découverte Port de la Conférence TERNES CHARLES DE GAULLE ETOILE ARC DE TRIOMPHE GEORGE V KLÉBER ALMA MARCEAU PONT DE L’ALMA FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT ST-PHILIPPE- DU-ROULE MIROMESNIL 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 The Champs-Elysées & Tuileries 49 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S with the superb artworks accumulated on the travels of banker Edouard André and his wife, former society portraitist Nélie Jacquemart. A stunning distillation of ffeenth- and sixteenth-century Italian genius, including works by Tiepolo, Botticelli, Donatello, Mantegna and Uccello, forms the core of the collection. Almost as compelling as the splendid interior and collection of paintings is the insight gleaned into a grand nineteenth-century lifestyle. T H E M U S É E J A C Q U E M A R T - A N D R É PLACE DES PYRAMIDES PLACE DE LA CONCORDE PORT DE SOLFERI NO P O N T R O Y A L AVE EDWARD TUCK A V E D U T U I T R U E S T F L O R E N T I N P O R T D E S C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S R U E B O I S S Y D ’ A N G L A S R U E D E L ' E L Y S E E R U E D ’ A G U E S S E A U R . V O L N E Y R . L O U I S L E G R A N D R U E C A M B O N R U E D U P H O T RUE DU MONT THABOR P O N T S O L F É R I N O P O N T D E L A C O N C O R D E P O N T A L E X A N D R E I I I P O N T D E S I N V A L I D E S R . D E S P Y R A M I D E S AV E NU E GA B R I E L R . D ’ A N J O U R . C A M B A C E R E S RUE DE SURENE LA VILLE L’EVEQUE RUE DE R . S U R C O U F PLACE DE LA MADELEINE R U E F A B E R T A V E N U E D E M A R E C H A L G A L L I E N I PLACE DE FINLANDE PL. DES SAUSSAIES TERRASSE DU BORD DE L' EAU C O U R S L A R E I N E R . D E C A S T I G L I O N E TERRASSE DES FEUI LLANTS R U E D U FA U B O U RG ST-HONORE R. DE SEZE RUE DANI ELLE CASANOVA R U E D E L A P A I X R U E D E S C A P U C I N E S A V E N U E D E M A R I G N Y RUE S T- H O N O R E L PLACE VENDOME D E S C H A MP S - E LY S É E S R U E D E R I V O L I R U E R O Y A L E QUAI ANATOLE FRANCE Q U A I D E S T U I L E R I E S D ’ O R S A Y B O U L E V A R D M A L E S H E R B E S B L V D D E S C A P U C I N E S Grand Palais Petit Palais Université Paris IV Palais de l’Elysée Ministère de l’Intérieur Olympia Ministère de la Justice Colonne Vendôme Eglise de la Madeleine St-Roch Musée des Arts Décoratifs Obélisque Jeu de Paume Musée de l'Orangerie Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel Quai de Solférino Port des Champs-Elysées Jardin des Tuileries Esplanade des Invalides CHAMPS ELYSÉES CLEMENCEAU MADELEINE CONCORDE INVALIDES TUILERIES River Seine N Costes Mini Palais Pershing Lounge ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS RESTAURANTS BARS SHOPS CLUBS Hôtel Brighton Hôtel Le Bristol Hôtel Lancaster Hôtel Pergolèse Hôtel de la Trémoille Ladurée Musée Jacquemart-André café Le Relais de L’Entrecôte Les Saveurs de Flora La Table du Lancaster Taillevent Le 66 Balenciaga Chanel Jean-Paul Gaultier Louis Vuitton Séphora Le Baron Showcase 5 1 8 7 4 2 3 9 6 2 6 5 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 5 50 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S T H E J A R D I N D E S T U I L E R I E S PLACE DE LA CONCORDE M Concorde. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP E6–7 Te vast place de la Concorde has a much less peaceful history than its name suggests. Between 1793 and 1795, some 1300 people died here beneath the Revolutionary guillotine, Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette and Robespierre among them. Today, constantly circum- navigated by trafc, the centrepiece of the place is a gold- tipped obelisk from the temple of Ramses at Luxor, ofered as a favour-currying gesture by the viceroy of Egypt in 1829. JARDIN DES TUILERIES M Concorde/Tuileries. Daily: April–June & Sept 7.30am–9pm; July & Aug 7.30am–11.45pm; Oct–March 7.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP E7–F7 Te Jardin des Tuileries, the formal French garden par excel- lence, dates back to the 1570s, when Catherine de Médicis cleared the site of the medieval warren of tilemakers (tuileries) to make way for a palace and grounds. One hundred years later, Louis XIV commissioned André Le Nôtre to redesign them, and the results are largely what you see today: straight avenues, formal fower beds and splendid vistas. Te central alley is lined with clipped chestnuts and manicured lawns, and framed at each end by ornamental pools, surrounded by an impressive gallery of copies of statues by the likes of Rodin. ORANGERIE Jardin des Tuileries M Concorde T 01.44.77.80.07, W www.musee-orangerie.fr. Daily except Tues 9am–6pm. €7.50. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP E7 Te Jardin des Tuileries’ Orangerie, an elegant Neo classical-style building designed to protect the garden’s orange trees, now houses a private collection of late nineteenth-century art, including eight of Monet’s giant water-lily paintings. Highlights from the rest of the collection include sensuous nudes by Renoir and a number of Cézanne still lifes. JEU DE PAUME Jardin des Tuileries M Concorde T 01.47.03.12.50, W www.jeudepaume.org. Tues noon–9pm, Wed–Fri noon–7pm, Sat & Sun 10am–7pm. €7. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP E6–7 Te Neoclassical Jeu de Paume is a major exhibition space dedicated to photography and video art. It’s not as well lit as you might expect from the soaring, light-flled foyer, but it’s one of the top venues for catching major retrospectives of photographers. 51 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S Shops LE 66 66 av des Champs-Elysées M George V. Mon–Sat 11am–8pm, Sun 1–8pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 Tis stylishly designed glass- walled concept store stocks a great selection of high-end street-wear labels such as Evisu, Raf Simons, American Retro and Acne for both men and women, as well as accessories, international art books and magazines, all in a minimalist space. Jeans from €100, T-shirts from €50. BALENCIAGA 10 av George V M Alma Marceau/George V. Mon–Sat 10am–7pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C7 Te Spanish fashion house (now owned by a French multi- national and led by Nicolas Ghesquière), once famed for its bubble skirts, is currently producing some of the most exciting designs in Paris. CHANEL 42 av Montaigne M Franklin D. Roosevelt. Mon–Sat 10am–7pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 Born in 1883, Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel engendered a way of life that epitomized elegance, class and refned taste. Her most famous signatures are the legendary No. 5 perfume, the black evening dress and the once-omnipresent tweed suit. JEAN-PAUL GAULTIER 44 av George V M George V. Mon–Sat 10.30am–7pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 Te primordial young turk of Paris fashion, whose denim collection is well within reach of those not being chased by paparazzi. LOUIS VUITTON 101 av des Champs-Elysées M George V. Mon–Sat 10am–8pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C5 Louis Vuitton’s stylish fagship store doesn’t just sell luxury luggage and handbags, it also has a contemporary art space on its seventh foor, accessed from within the store or round the corner at 60 rue de Bassano. Artworks, such as a video wall by Olafur Eliasson (who did the sun-like installa- tion Te Weather Project at the Tate Modern in London), have also been incorporated into the shop. SÉPHORA 70 av des Champs-Elysées M Franklin-D. Roosevelt. Mon–Sat 10am–midnight, Sun 11am–midnight. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 A huge perfume and cosmetics emporium, stocking every conceivable brand, including Sephora’s own line of fun, girly and reasonably priced cosmetics and accessories. Tere are lots of testers, and you can get free makeovers plus pampering and beauty consultations from the solicitous sales staf. It’s also open till midnight, handy if you’re out on the town without your lipstick. L O U I S V U I T T O N S H O P F R O N T 52 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S T H E L A D U R É E T E A R O O M S Cafés LADURÉE 75 av des Champs-Elysées M George V. Daily 7.30am–11.30pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 Tis Champs-Elysées branch of the Ladurée tea rooms, with its luxurious gold and green decor, is perfect for a shopping break. It’s justly famed for its melt-in-the-mouth macaroons with their gooey fllings (the chocolate and blackcurrant ones are hard to beat), and the light-as-air meringues and mille-feuilles are almost as good. MUSÉE JACQUEMART-ANDRÉ 158 bd Haussmann M Miromesnil/ St-Philippe-du-Roule. Daily 11.30am–5.30pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D5 Te city’s most sumptuously appointed salon de thé set within the splendid Musée Jacquemart-André. Te high ceilings are decorated with frescoes by Tiepolo and the walls hung with antique tapestries. In summer you can sit out on the lovely terrace, set in the mansion’s interior courtyard. On the menu are delicious salads and quiches, and the exquisite cakes and pastries are not to be missed. Restaurants LE RELAIS DE L’ENTRECÔTE 15 rue Marbeuf M Franklin D. Roosevelt. Daily noon–2.30pm & 7–11.30pm; closed Aug. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 Don’t worry if a menu isn’t forthcoming here – there isn’t one. Te only dish is steak frites, widely considered the best in Paris and served with a delicious sauce, the ingredients of which are a closely kept secret. Count on around €25 including a salad starter. No reservations are taken so you may have to queue, or arrive early. LES SAVEURS DE FLORA 36 av George V M George V T 01.40.70.10.49. Noon–2.30pm & 7–11pm; closed Sat & Mon lunch & all day Sun. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 A chic, romantic restaurant with an open freplace and chandeliers. Chef-owner Flora Mikula creates tasty, inventive dishes (such as pigeon with pomegranate and dried fruits), drawing mainly on Mediterra- nean infuences. Te evening set menu at €39 is very good value, considering the high quality and upmarket location. Lunch costs from €29. LA TABLE DU LANCASTER 7 rue de Berri M George V T 01.40.76.40.18. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C5 An elegant haute cuisine restaurant within the fve-star boutique Hôtel Lancaster, perfect for an intimate dinner. Te menu, overseen by chef Michel Troisgros, is arranged around diferent themes, with dishes characterized by exotic ingredients (such as cod with koshihikari rice). In summer, sit out in the Japanese-style garden. Allow around €150 per head for the full works. 53 T H E C H A M P S - E L Y S É E S A N D T U I L E R I E S P E R S H I N G L O U N G E TAILLEVENT 15 rue Lamennais M George V T 01.44.95.15.01. Mon–Fri 12.30–2.30pm & 7.30–11.30pm; closed Aug. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C5 Te Provençal-infuenced cuisine of Alain Solivérés is outstanding, with the emphasis on the classic; sample dishes include spelt risotto with frogs’ legs. Te main dining room, with its light-wood panelling and grey-green colour scheme, creates a soothing ambience, and waiters treat you like royalty. Tere’s a set menu for €80 at lunch, otherwise reckon on €150–200 a head, excluding wine. Bars COSTES Hôtel Costes, 239 rue St-Honoré M Concorde/Tuileries. Daily until 2am. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP A13 A favourite haunt of fashionistas and celebs, this is a fabulously glamorous place for an aperitif or late-night drinks amid a decadent nineteenth-century decor of red velvet, swags and columns. Cocktails around €18. MINI PALAIS Pont Alexandre III, av Winston Churchill M Champs-Elysées. Mon–Fri 8.30am–1am, Sat & Sun 10.30am–1am. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D7 Te Grand Palais’ slick bar/ restaurant is small in name only, with high ceilings, large windows, giant lampshades and an ample terrace. While the food is so-so, the cocktails (around €15) are great. PERSHING LOUNGE Pershing Hall, 49 rue Pierre Charron M George V. Daily 6pm–2am. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6 Te Pershing Hall hotel lounge bar is a delightful retreat from the bustle of the city, with its thirty-metre-high vertical garden. It’s a bit of a jetsetters’ hangout, with cocktails priced to match. Clubs LE BARON 6 av Marceau M Alma-Marceau W www.clublebaron.com. Daily 11pm–5am. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C7 One of the beacons of the Champs-Elysées nightlife scene, the Baron is a small and posey bar-club packed out with well- connected, wealthy and well- dressed Parisians schmoozing, firting and dancing till dawn. Tere’s no door charge, but carry a fat wallet for drinks. SHOWCASE Below Pont Alexandre III M Champs- Elysées–Clemenceau T 01.45.61.25.43, W www.showcase.fr. Fri & Sat 10pm–dawn, Sun 11am–3pm. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D7 Tis superclub, facing onto the river, has a 1500 capacity, slick decor and a fun if somewhat pretentious crowd. Electronica, particularly techno, is the order of the day, with Chloe from Paris regularly on the decks. Dress up to get in. Entry up to €15. 54 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A THE EIFFEL TOWER RER Champ de Mars–Tour Eiffel W www.tour-eiffel.fr. Daily: mid-June to Aug 9am–12.45am; Sept to mid-June 9.30am–11.45pm; last entry 45min before closing time. Top level €13; second level €8, or €4.50 by stairs (access closes 6pm Sept to mid-June); ﬁrst level €4.80. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B8 It’s hard to believe that the Eifel Tower, the quintessen- tial symbol both of Paris and the brilliance of industrial engineering, was designed to be a temporary structure for the 1889 Exposition Univer- selle. When completed, the 300-metre tower was the tallest building in the world. Outraged critics protested against this “grimy factory chimney”, though Eifel himself thought it was beautiful in its sheer structural efciency: “To a certain extent,” he wrote, “the tower was formed by the wind itself ”. The Eiffel Tower area The swathe of the 7 e arrondissement from the Eiffel Tower east to St-Germain has little in common with the rest of the Left Bank. Boutique bars and bohemians are few, while mansions and public monuments dominate. Dwarfed by the tower, which casts its timeless spell, the district is also deﬁned by the great military ediﬁces of the École Militaire and Hôtel des Invalides. On a more human scale are the exotic museum of non-Western art, the Musée du Quai Branly, and the intimate Musée Rodin. Across the river, the swish strip of the 16 e arrondissement that runs alongside the Seine echoes the staid monumental tone, though a handful of museums – in particular the Site de Création Contemporaine, the Musée Guimet and the Cité de l’Architecture – offer some of the city’s most exciting exhibitions. T H E E I F F E L T O W E R F R O M B E L O W 55 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A Unless you arrive before opening time, or in bad weather, you will queue at the bottom, for lifs at the changeovers, and when descending. It’s absolutely worth it, however, not just for the view, but for the exhilaration of being inside the structure. Te views are usually clearer from the second level, but there’s something irresistible about taking the lif all the way up. Dusty brown by day, the tower is spectacular afer dark, an urban lighthouse illuminated by a double searchlight. For the frst ten minutes of every hour thousands of efervescent lights fzz about the structure, defning the famous silhouette in luminescent champagne. PALAIS DE CHAILLOT M Trocadéro. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP A7 From behind its elaborate park and fountains, the sweeping arcs of the Palais de Chaillot seem designed to embrace the view of the Eifel Tower, which stands on the far side of the river. Te totalitarian Modernist-Classical archi- tecture dates the palace to 1937, when it was built as the showpiece of the Exposition Universelle, one of Paris’s regular trade and culture jamborees. Te central terrace between the palace’s two wings provides a perfect platform for photo opportunities, curio- sellers and skateboarders. CITÉ DE L’ARCHITECTURE ET DU PATRIMOINE Palais de Chaillot, 1 place du Trocadéro M Trocadéro T 01.58.51.52.00, W www .citechaillot.fr. Mon, Wed & Fri–Sun 11am–7pm, Thurs 11am–9pm; €8. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP A7–B7 Te Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, in the east wing of the Palais de Chaillot, is a fne museum of architec- ture. On the lofily vaulted ground foor, the Galerie des Moulages displays giant plaster casts taken from great French buildings at the end of the nineteenth century. You’d never guess these moulds weren’t the real thing, and they vividly display the development of national (mainly church) architecture from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century. Te top foor ofers a sleek rundown of the modern and contemporary, including a reconstruction of an apartment from Le Corbusier’s Cité Radieuse, in Marseille. Te Galerie des Peintures Murales, with its radiant, full-scale copies of great French frescoes occupies the top foors. T H E P A L A I S D E C H A I L L O T S E E N F R O M T H E E I F F E L T O W E R 56 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A MUSÉE DE LA MARINE Palais de Chaillot, place du Trocadéro M Trocadéro T 01.53.65.69.69, W www .musee-marine.fr. Mon & Wed–Sun 10am–6pm. €7, €9 including temporary exhibitions. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP A7 While its super-scale models of French ships, ranging from ancient galleys through Napoleon’s imperial barges to nuclear submarines, are undeniably impressive, most of the displays in this specialist museum are (ironically) dry as dust – it’s best visited if you have a particular interest in one of the high-profle, lively temporary exhibitions, all on seafaring themes. It’s also home to the original Jules Verne trophy, awarded for nonstop round-the-world sailing – a hull-shaped streak of glass invisibly suspended by magnets within its cabinet. CINÉAQUA Jardins du Trocadéro M Trocadéro T 01.40.69.23.01, W www.cineaqua.com. Daily April–Sept 10am–7pm; Oct–March 10am–8pm. €19.50, children 3–12 €12.50, children 13–17 €15.50. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 A mysterious grotto-like entrance hidden away in the Jardins du Trocadéro leads you down into this bizarre, high-concept subterranean space – an aquarium-cum-multimedia complex. Te unlikely- sounding combination of animation workshops, state-of-the-art tanks, flm museum and classic movie screenings – with a Japanese restaurant for good measure – shouldn’t work, but it does. Admittedly, it’s geared more towards French-speakers, but most cartoon-loving kids will enjoy it. PLACE DE VARSOVIE PL. DU GEN. GOURAUD PLACE JACQUES RUEFF PLACE JOFFRE PLACE DE LA RESISTANCE P O R T D E S U F F R E N P O R T D E L A B O U R D O N N A I S A V E N U E D U D R B R O U A R D E L R U E D E L A F E D E R A T I O N P A S S E R E L L E D E B I L L Y AVE FR A N C O R U S S E RUE E. VALENTIN R . S E D I L L O T R U E D E L ’ U N I V E R S I T E R U E D U G E N E R A L C A M O U P ORT RUE JEAN REY R U E N E L A T O N A V E D E S N A T I O N S - U N I E S A V E D E S N A T I O N S - U N I E S P O R T D E B I L L Y R . J E A N P O R T R U E F R E S N E L PLACE DU TROCADERO ET DU 11 NOVEMBRE P O R T D E P A S S Y PL. DE L’ALMA PLACE DE LA REINE ASTRID R . L E N O T R E RUE DE LONGCHAMP R . B E E T H O V E N R . D E M O N T T E S S U Y P A S S A G E L A N D R I E U R U E D E S A I X A L L E E A D R I E N N E L E C O U V R E U R A L L E E T H O M Y T H I E R R Y RUE COGNACQ JAY R . D U C H A M P R U E A U G E R E A U A V E F . L E P L A Y A V E E M I L E D E S C H A N E L A V E E L I S E E R E C L U S R U E D E L ’ E X P O S I T I O N A V E N U E R A P P A V E N U E D E L A B O U R D O N N A I S R U E DE A V E R A Y M O N D P O I N C A R E A V E N U E K L E B E R D E L E S S E R T B O U L E V A R D A V E N U E C H A R L E S F L O Q U E T A V E N U E C H A R L E S R I S L E R A V E N U E J . B O U V A R D A V E A N A T O L E F R A N C E A V E P I E R R E L O T I R . S A I N T - S A E N S A V E G E O R G E V A L L E E P A U L D E S C H A N E L A V E G U S T A V E E I F F E L R U E S T - P O N T D E B I R H A K E I M P O N T D ’ I E N A P O N T D E L ’ A L M A A V E N U E D E N E W Y O R K Q U A I B R A N L Y Q U A I B R A N L Y Q U A I A V E N U E D U P R E S I DE NT W I L S ON A V E N U E B O S Q U E T A V E N U E D E S U F F R E N A V E M O N T A I G N E B L V D D E G R E N E L L E A V E D U P R E S I D E N T K E N N E D Y A V E N U E D ’ I E N A A V E N U E M A R C E A U Sewers entrance Stade Emile Anthoine Tour Eiffel Musée du Quai Branly Palais de Chaillot Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine Musée de l’Homme Musée de la Marine Musée de l’Art Moderne Palais de Tokyo Théâtre des Champs- Elysées Musée de la Mode/ Musée Galliera Musée National des Arts Asiatiques Guimet Cinéaqua Quai de la Bourdonnais Port Autonome de Paris Port de la Conférence Jardins du Trocadéro Jardins du Trocadéro Parc du Champs de Mars BIR HAKEIM CHAMP DE MARS- TOUR EIFFEL TROCADÉRO IÉNA PONT DE L’ALMA ALMA MARCEAU R i v e r S e in e C H A I L L O T The Eiffel Tower area R . L E T A S S E 57 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A MUSÉE GUIMET 6 place d’Iéna M Iéna T 01.56.52.53.00, W www.guimet.fr. Daily except Tues 10am–6pm; €7.50, €8 for temporary exhibitions. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 Te Musée National des Arts Asiatiques-Guimet boasts a stunning display of Asian, and especially Buddhist, art. Four foors groan under the weight of imaginatively displayed statues of Buddhas and gods, and a roofed-in courtyard provides an airy space in which to show of the museum’s world-renowned collection of Khmer sculpture. Te Buddhist statues of the Gandhara civilization, on the frst foor, betray a fascinating debt to Greek sculpture, while the ferce demons from Nepal, the many-armed gold gods of South India and the pot-bellied Chinese Buddhas are stunningly exotic. One of the most moving exhibits is one of the simplest: a two-thousand-year-old blown- glass fsh from Afghanistan. Te third-foor rotunda was used by founder Emile Guimet for the frst Buddhist ceremony held in France. His original collection, brought back from Asia in 1876, is exhibited in the temple-like Galeries du Panthéon Bouddhique, at 19 avenue d’Iéna (same hours and ticket as museum). T H E M U S É E G U I M E T SQUARE SANTIAGO DU CHILI PL. DU PRESIDENT E. HERRIOT SQUARE D’AJACCIO PLACE DE L’ECOLE MILITAIRE PLACE VAUBAN R . D E L A C O M È T E DU GR OS CA I L L OU G O U J O N D E L A C O N F E R E N C E P O R T D E S C H A MP S - E LY S É E S R . B A Y A R D COU R S A L BE RT 1 E R PLACE FRANCOIS 1ER PLACE DU CANADA R U E C L E R R U E C L E R P G E J E A N N I C O T D E M A R S R U E D U V I V I E R R . E R N E S T P S I C H A R I R . J E A N N I C O T R U E M A L A R R U E A M E L I E R U E C H E V E R T R U E S U R C O U F R U E F A B E R T R U E F A B E R T R . D E C O N S T A N T I N E R U E D E M A R T I G N A C R U E B A R B E T D E J O U Y R U E L A S C A S E S R . C A S I M I R P E R I E R R U E D E B O U R G O G N E R U E D E G R E N E L L E R . F R A N C O I S 1 E R COU RS L A RE I NE R UE DE L’ U NI V E R S I T E A V E N U E D E L A M O T T E P I C Q U E T L’ UNI V E R S I T E R U E D E G R E NE L L E R U E D E B E L L E C H A S S E R U E D E V A R E N N E PLACE DES I NVALI DES B O U L E V A R D D E S I N V A L I D E S R U E S T - D O M I N I Q U E A V E D U Q U E S N E R. DU COLONEL COMBES A V E D E L O W E N D A L PLACE DE FINLANDE D O M I N I Q U E R U E S T - D O MI N I Q U E A V E N U E D E T O U R V I L L E P O N T D E S I N V A L I D E S P O N T A L E X A N D R E I I I D ’ O R S AY Q U A I D ’ O R S A Y B L V D D E L A T O U R M A U B O U R G A V E F R A N K L I N D . R O O S E V E L T B L V D S T - G E R M A I N Palais Bourbon Assemblée Nationale Musée Rodin Hôtel Matignon Ste- Clotilde Institut Géographique National Eglise du Dôme Eglise des Soldats St-Louis- des-Invalides Musée des Plans-Reliefs Hôtel des Invalides Musée de l’Armée Musée de l’Ordre de la Libération Ecole Militaire American Church in Paris Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Quai de Solférino Port des Champs-Elysées Esplanade des Invalides Jardin de l’Intendant SOLFÉRINO VARENNE LA TOUR MAUBOURG ECOLE MILITAIRE INVALIDES INVALIDES ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE I N V A L I D E S 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 N RESTAURANTS CAFÉS ACCOMMODATION L’Arpège Au Bon Accueil La Fontaine de Mars Le Jules Verne Aux Marchés du Palais Au Petit Tonneau Le P’tit Troquet Tokyo Eat Hôtel du Champs-de-Mars Hôtel du Palais Bourbon Hôtel Saint Dominique Café Carlu Café du Marché 3 9 10 5 6 7 2 4 8 1 3 2 1 58 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A MUSÉE DE LA MODE DE LA VILLE DE PARIS Palais Galliera, 10 av Pierre 1 er de Serbie M Iéna/Alma-Marceau T 01.56.52.86.00, W www.galliera.paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. €7. Closed until autumn 2011. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 Behind the Palais de Tokyo, the grandiose Palais Galliera – another Neoclassical hulk – is home to the Musée de la Mode, which rotates its magnifcent collection of clothes and acces- sories from the eighteenth century to the present day in a few themed exhibitions a year. During changeovers the museum is closed, so check in advance. MUSÉE D’ART MODERNE DE LA VILLE DE PARIS Palais de Tokyo, 13 av du Président Wilson M Iéna/Alma-Marceau T 01.53.67.40.00, W www.mam.paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm; during exhibitions also Thurs 10am–10pm. Permanent collection free; temporary shows €5–9. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 While it’s no competition for the Pompidou, the cool white Palais de Tokyo is a more contemplative space, ofering a ftting Modernist setting for the city’s own collection of modern art. Paris-based artists such as Braque, Chagall, Delaunay, Derain, Léger and Picasso are well represented in its strong early twentieth- century collection, and many works have Parisian themes. Te enormous centrepieces are two versions of Matisse’s La Danse and Dufy’s giant mural, La Fée Électricité, commissio ned by the electricity board, which flls an entire curved room with 250 lyrical panels recounting the story of electricity from Aristotle to the 1930s. Temporary exhibitions fll the ground-foor space. SITE DE CRÉATION CONTEMPORAINE Palais de Tokyo, 13 av du Président Wilson M Iéna/Alma-Marceau T 01.47.23.54.01, W www.palaisdetokyo.com. Tues–Sun noon–midnight €6. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 Te Palais de Tokyo’s western wing hosts the Site de Création Contemporaine, a cutting- edge gallery whose brutalist space focuses exclusively on conceptual and avant-garde art. A changing fow of exhibitions and events – anything from a show by Paris-born Louise Bourgeois to a temporary “occupation” by squatter-artists – keeps the atmosphere lively, with an exciting, counter- cultural, buzz. Artists and art students pay just €1 to get in. T H E S I T E D E C R É A T I O N C O N T E M P O R A I N E 59 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A PLACE DE L’ALMA M Alma-Marceau. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C7 From most angles, place de l’Alma looks like just another busy Parisian junction, with cars rattling over the cobbles and a métro entrance on the pavement. Over in one corner, however, stands a replica of the fame from the Statue of Liberty, which was given to France in 1987 as a symbol of Franco-American relations. Tis golden torch has been adopted by mourners from all over the world as a memorial to Princess Diana, who was killed in the underpass beneath in 1997. THE SEWERS Place de la Résistance, RER Pont de l’Alma/ M Place d’Iéna T 01.53.68.27.81. Sat–Wed: May–Sept 11am–5pm; Oct–April 11am–4pm. €4.30. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C7 Opposite the Pont de l’Alma on the northeast side of the busy junction of place de la Résistance, is the entrance to one of Paris’s more unusual attractions – a small, visit- able section of the sewers, or les égouts. Underground, it’s dark, damp and noisy from the gushing water; the main exhibition runs along a gantry walk poised above a main sewer. Te photographs, lamps, specialized sewermen’s tools and other antique fotsam and jetsam render the history of the city’s water supply and waste management surprisingly interesting. Te air down here is as smelly and unappealing as you might expect, so those of a nervous disposition might want to give it a miss. RUE CLER AND AROUND M La Tour-Maubourg. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C8 A little further upstream, the American Church on quai d’Orsay, together with the American College nearby at 31 av Bosquet, is a focal point in the well-organized life of Paris’s large American community, its notice board usually plastered with job and accommodation ofers and requests. Immedi- ately to the south, and in stark contrast to the austerity of much of the rest of the quarter, lies a villagey wedge of early nineteenth-century streets between avenue Bosquet and the Invalides. Chief among them is rue Cler, whose food shops act as a kind of permanent market. Te cross- streets, rue de Grenelle and rue St-Dominique, are full of neighbourhood shops, posh bistrots and little hotels. PARC DU CHAMPS DE MARS M École Militaire. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B8–C9 Parading back from the Eifel Tower are the long, rectangular and tourist-thronged gardens of the Champs de Mars, leading to the eighteenth- century École Militaire, originally founded in 1751 by Louis XV for the training of aristocratic army ofcers, and attended by Napoleon, among other fedgling leaders. S E W E R M E N ’ S L A M P S O N D I S P L A Y A T T H E S E W E R S 60 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A MUSÉE DU QUAI BRANLY 37 Quai Branly M Iéna/RER Pont de l’Alma T 01.56.61.71.72, W www.quaibranly.fr. Tues, Wed & Sun 11am–7pm, Thurs–Sat 11am–9pm. €8.50, €10 including temporary exhibits. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7–8 A short distance upstream of the Eifel Tower, on quai Branly, stands the intriguing Musée du Quai Branly, designed by the French state’s favourite architect, Jean Nouvel. Te museum – which gathers together hundreds of thousands of non-European objects bought or purloined by France over the centuries – was the brainchild of President Chirac, whose passion for what he would no doubt call arts primitifs helped secure funding. Nouvel’s elaborate design, which aims to blur the divide between structure and environment, unfurls in a long glazed curve, pocked with coloured boxes, through the middle of an enormous garden. Inside, areas devoted to Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Pacifc (“Oceania”) snake through dimly lit rooms lined by curving “mud” walls in brown leather. Te 3500 folk artefacts on display at any one time – Hopi kachina dolls, ancient Hawaiian feather helmets – are as fascinating as they are beautiful; the tone of the place, however, is muddled. While the objects are predominantly displayed – and easily experienced – as works of art, there’s an uneasy sense that they are being presented above all in terms of their exotic “otherness”. Tis is not helped when the museum loses the courage of its convic- tions, shifing into outdated anthropological mode, using written (and ofen poorly translated) panels to give lofy cultural context. HÔTEL DES INVALIDES M Varenne/La Tour-Maubourg W www .invalides.org. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 Tere’s no missing the overpowering facade of the Hôtel des Invalides, topped by its resplendently gilded dome. Despite its palatial, crushingly grand appearance, it was built as a home for wounded soldiers in the reign of Louis XIV – whose foreign wars gave the building a constant supply of residents, and whose equestrian statue lords it over a massive central arch. It today houses two churches – one for the soldiers, the other intended as a mausoleum for the king but now containing the mortal remains of Napoleon – and the M U S É E D U Q U A I B R A N L Y 61 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A Musée de l’Armée, an enormous national war museum. Te most interesting sections of the museum are detailed below, but the remainder, dedicated to the history of the French army from Louis XIV up to the 1870s, is really for fanatics only. MUSÉE DE L’ARMÉE Hôtel des Invalides M La Tour-Maubourg/ Varenne T 01.44.42.38.77, W www.invalides .org. Daily: April–Sept 10am–6pm, Oct –March 10am–5pm; Oct–June closed ﬁrst Mon of every month. €8.50 ticket also valid for Napoleon’s tomb. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 By far the most afecting galleries of the vast Musée de l’Armée cover the two world wars, beginning with Prussia’s annexation of Alsace-Lorraine in 1871 and ending with the defeat of the Tird Reich. Te battles, the resistance and the slow liberation are documented through imaginatively displayed war memorabilia combined with stirring contemporary newsreels, most of which have an English-language option. Te simplest artefacts – a rag doll found on a battlefeld, plaster casts of mutilated faces, an overcoat caked in mud from the trenches – tell a stirring human story, while un-narrated footage, from the Somme, Dunkirk and a bomb attack on a small French town, ficker across bare walls in grim silence. Te collection of medieval and Renaissance armour in the west wing of the royal courtyard is also worth admiring. Highlights include highly decorative seventeenth- century Italian suits, and two dimly lit chambers of beauti- fully worked Chinese and Japanese weaponry. MUSÉE DES PLANS-RELIEFS Same hours and ticket as the Musée de l’Armée. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 Up under the roof of the east wing, the Musée des Plans- Reliefs displays an extraordi- nary collection of super-scale models of French ports and fortifed cities. Essentially giant three-dimensional maps, they were created in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to plan defences or plot potential artillery positions. Te eerie green glow of their landscapes only just illuminates the long, tunnel-like attic; the efect is rather chilling. EGLISE DES SOLDATS Entrance from main courtyard of Les Invalides. Same hours as the Musée de l’Armée. Free. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 Te lofy “Soldiers’ Church” is the spiritual home of the French army, its proud simplicity standing in stark contrast to the elaborate Eglise du Dôme, which lies on the other side of a dividing glass wall – an innova- tion that allowed worshippers to share the same high altar without the risk of coming into social contact. Te walls are hung with almost one hundred enemy standards captured on the battlefeld, part of a collec- tion of some three thousand that once adorned Notre-Dame. T H E D O M E O F T H E H Ô T E L D E S I N V A L I D E S 62 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A EGLISE DU DÔME Entrance from south side of Les Invalides. Same hours and ticket as the Musée de l’Armée. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 Some fnd the lavish Eglise du Dôme, or “royal church”, gloriously sumptuous – others fnd it overbearing. A perfect example of the architectural pomposity of Louis XIV’s day, with grandiose frescoes and an abundance of Corinthian columns and pilasters, it is now a monument to Napoleon. NAPOLEON’S TOMB Eglise du Dôme. Same hours and ticket as the Musée de l’Armée. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 On December 14, 1840, Napoleon was fnally laid to rest in the crypt of the Eglise du Dôme. Brought home from St Helena twenty years afer his death, his remains were carried through the streets from the newly completed Arc de Triomphe to the Invalides. As many as half a million people came out to watch the emperor’s last journey, and Victor Hugo commented that “it felt as if the whole of Paris had been poured to one side of the city, like liquid in a vase which has been tilted”. He now lies in a giant sarcophagus of smooth red porphyry, encircled with Napoleonic quotations of staggering but largely truthful conceit, and overshadowing the nearby tombs of two of his brothers, as well as his son, the King of Rome, whose body was brought here on Hitler’s orders in 1940. Another chapel upstairs holds Marshal Foch, the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in World War I. MUSÉE RODIN 79 rue de Varenne M Varenne T 01.44.18.61.10, W www.musee-rodin.fr. Tues & Thurs–Sun 10am–5.45pm, Wed 10am–8.45pm, garden closes 5pm. House and gardens €6, €12 with the Musée d’Orsay, see p.123; garden only €1. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8 Te setting of the Musée Rodin is superbly elegant, a beautiful eighteenth-century mansion which the sculptor leased from the state in return for the gif of all his work upon his death. Bronze versions of major projects like Te Burghers of Calais, Te Tinker, Te Gate of Hell and Ugolino are exhibited in the large gardens – the last- named forms the centrepiece of the ornamental pond. N A P O L E O N ’ S T O M B 63 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A Tings get even better inside – the vigorous energy of the sculptures contrasting with the worn wooden panelling of the boisieries and the tarnished mirrors and chandeliers. It’s usually very crowded with visitors eager to see much- loved works like Te Hand of God and the touchingly erotic Te Kiss, which was originally designed to portray Paolo and Francesca da Rimini, from Dante’s Divine Comedy, in the moment before they were discovered and murdered by Francesca’s husband. Rodin once self-deprecatingly referred to it as “a large sculpted knick- knack following the usual formula”; art critics today like to think of it as the last master- work of fgurative sculpture before the whole art form was reinvented – largely by Rodin himself. Paris’s Kiss is one of only four marble versions of the work, but hundreds of smaller bronzes were turned out as money-spinners. It’s well worth lingering over the museum’s vibrant, impressionistic clay works, small studies that Rodin took from life. In fact, most of the works here are in clay or plaster, as these are considered to be Rodin’s fnest achieve- ments – afer completing his apprenticeship, he rarely picked up a chisel, in line with the common nineteenth-century practice of delegating the task of working up stone and bronze versions to assistants. Instead, he would return to his plaster casts again and again, modifying and refning them and sometimes deliberately leaving them “unfnished”. Don’t miss the room devoted to Camille Claudel, Rodin’s pupil, model and lover. Among her works is the painfully allegorical Te Age of Maturity, symbolizing her ultimate rejection by Rodin, and a bust of the artist himself. Claudel’s perception of her teacher was so akin to Rodin’s own that he considered it his self-portrait. S C U L P T U R E A T T H E M U S É E R O D I N C O U R T Y A R D S T A T U E A T T H E M U S É E R O D I N 64 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A Cafés CAFÉ CARLU Palais de Chaillot, 1 place du Trocadéro M Trocadéro. Mon, Wed & Fri–Sun 11am–7pm, Thurs 11am–9pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP A7 It’s well worth the slightly infated prices at this modern little museum café to enjoy the phenomenal close-up views of the Eifel Tower from the outdoor terrace – you could sit here all day grazing on light snacks, cofees and juices. CAFÉ DU MARCHÉ 38 rue Cler M La-Tour-Maubourg. Mon–Sat 7am–midnight. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C8 Big, busy café-brasserie in the rue Cler market serving reasonably priced meals, with hearty salads (€9.50) and market-fresh plats du jour for €11. Outdoor seating, with a covered terrace in winter. Restaurants L’ARPÈGE 84 rue de Varenne M Varenne T 01.47.05.09.06. Mon–Fri noon–2.30pm & 8–11pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP E8 Elite chef Alain Passard puts the spotlight on vegetables at this Michelin-starred restaurant – grilled turnips with chestnuts, or beetroot baked in salt crust are astonishingly good – but you’ll also fnd plenty of other exhilarating dishes. Lunch menu €130, with an incredible menu dégustation at over €350. Reserve well in advance and dress up. AU BON ACCUEIL 14 rue de Monttessuy M Duroc/Vaneau T 01.47.05.46.11. Mon–Fri noon–2.30pm & 7–10.30pm, Sat 7–10.30pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C8 Practically in the shadow of the Eifel Tower, this relaxed but upbeat wine-bistrot ofers fresh, well-considered dishes, such as a delicate salad of prawns and lemon verbena, and veal liver with Jerusalem artichoke purée. Tere are a few outside tables. Expect to pay €50 with wine. LA FONTAINE DE MARS 129 rue Saint-Dominique M La Tour-Maubourg T 01.47.05.46.44. Daily noon–2.30pm & 7.30–11pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C8 Pink checked tablecloths, leather banquettes, tiled foor, outside tables, attentive service: this is quintessential France – the Obama family certainly enjoyed it. Te food is meaty, southwestern French fare: think snails, magret de canard and boudin sausages. Starters at €10–15, plat du jour around €20. LE JULES VERNE Eiffel Tower M Bir-Hakeim T 01.45.55.61.44. Daily noon–2pm & 7–10pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B8 It’s not only the food that’s elevated here, but the restaurant L ' A R P È G E 65 T H E E I F F E L T O W E R A R E A too: Alain Ducasse’s newest gastronomic venture is 125m up the Eifel Tower. Best at dinner (€200), but the weekday lunch is a more bearable €85. Reserve well in advance. AUX MARCHÉS DU PALAIS 5 rue de la Manutention M Iéna/ Alma-Marceau T 01.47.23.52.80. Mon–Fri noon–2pm & 7.30–10.30pm, Sat 7.30–10.30pm, Sun noon–2pm; closed two weeks in Aug. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 Tis cheery, traditional bistrot makes a good lunch stop, with sunny tables on the pavement opposite the side wall of the Palais de Tokyo, and a menu of substantial, quintessentially French dishes. You can eat very well for around €35. AU PETIT TONNEAU 20 rue Surcouf M Invalides T 01.47.53.05.59. Daily noon–3pm & 7–11.30pm. Closed Aug. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D7 Mme Boyer runs this small, friendly, bistrot-style restaurant with panache, cooking delicious traditional French cuisine. Wild mushrooms are a speciality, as is the tarte Tatin. All prices are à la carte: under €10 for starters, around €15–20 for mains. LE P’TIT TROQUET 28 rue de l’Exposition M Ecole Militaire T 01.47.05.80.39. Mon & Sat 6.30–10.15pm, Tues–Fri also noon–2pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C8 Tis tiny, discreet family restaurant has a nostalgic feel with its marble tables, tiled foor and ornate zinc bar. Serving refned cuisine to the diplomats of the quartier, the well-judged, traditional menu changes seasonally; on a summer menu du marché (€33) for example, you might fnd tabbouleh with herbs, grape- fruit and prawns, followed by rabbit with mustard. TOKYO EAT Site de Création Contemporaine, Palais de Tokyo M Iéna/Alma-Marceau T 01.47.20.00.29. Tues–Sat noon–3pm & 8–11.30pm, Sun noon–5.30pm & 8–10.30pm. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP B7 Te restaurant inside this cutting-edge gallery is a self- consciously hip hangout – all bucket chairs, primary colours, nightclub lighting and clashing shapes. Te food – modern Mediterranean and Asian fusion, in dishes like lamb cutlets with edamame beans and aubergine conft – isn’t bad, with a lunch formule for €20, and mains starting at around €18, but you’re here more to see and be seen than to enjoy an intimate meal. Downstairs, the pared-down snack bar, Tokyo Self (open museum hours) is good for a quick drink or a creative pre-made salad. L U N C H A T T O K Y O E A T 66 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S T H E O P É R A G A R N I E R The Grands Boulevards and passages Built on the old city ramparts, the Grands Boulevards are the eight broad streets that extend in a long arc from the Eglise de la Madeleine eastwards. In the nineteenth century, the boulevards, with their fashionable cafés, street theatre and puppet shows, were where "Paris vivant" was to be found. A legacy from this heyday, brasseries, cafés, theatres and cinemas (notably the splendid Art Deco cinemas Le Grand Rex and Max Linder; see p.184) still abound. To the south of the Grands Boulevards lies the city’s main commercial and ﬁnancial district, while just to the north, beyond the glittering Opéra Garnier, are the large department stores Galeries Lafayette and Printemps. Rather more well-heeled shopping is concentrated on the rue St-Honoré in the west and the streets around aristocratic place Vendôme, lined with top couturiers, jewellers and art dealers. Scattered around the whole area are the delightful passages – nineteenth-century arcades that hark back to shopping from a different era. 67 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S T H E C A R T I E R B O U T I Q U E O N P L A C E V E N D Ô M E MUSÉE GRÉVIN Bd Montmartre M Grands-Boulevards. Mon–Fri 10am–6pm, Sat & Sun 10am–7pm. €20, children €12. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G5 A remnant from the fun-loving times on the Grands Boulevards are the waxworks in the Musée Grévin, comprising mainly French personalities and the usual bunch of Hollywood actors. Te best thing about the museum is the original rooms: the magical Palais des Mirages (Hall of Mirrors), built for the Expo sition Universelle in 1900; the theatre with its sculptures by Bourdelle; and the 1882 Baroque-style Hall of Columns. OPÉRA GARNIER M Opéra. Daily 10am–4.30pm. €9; see p.77 for booking information. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP F5 Te ornate Opéra Garnier, built by Charles Garnier for Napoleon III, exemplifes the Second Empire in its show of wealth and hint of vulgarity. Te theatre’s facade is a concoc- tion of white, pink and green marble, colonnades, rearing horses and gleaming gold busts. No less opulent is the interior with its spacious gilded-marble and mirrored lobbies. Te auditorium is all red velvet and gold leaf, hung with a six-tonne chandelier; the colourful ceiling was painted by Chagall in 1964 and depicts scenes from well-known operas and ballets jumbled up with Parisian landmarks. You can visit the interior and auditorium outside of rehearsals (your best chance is 1–2pm). PLACE VENDÔME M Opéra. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP A13 Built by Versailles architect Hardouin-Mansart, place Vendôme is one of the city’s most impressive set pieces. It’s a pleasingly symmetrical, eight-sided square, enclosed by a harmonious ensemble of elegant mansions, graced with Corinthian pilasters and steeply pitched roofs. Once the grand residences of tax collectors and fnanciers, they now house such luxury establishments as the Ritz hotel, Cartier, Bulgari and other top-fight jewellers, lending the square a decidedly exclusive air. No. 12, now occupied by Chaumet jewellers, is where Chopin died, in 1849. Somewhat out of proportion with the rest of the square, the centrepiece is a towering triumphal column, surmounted by a statue of Napoleon dressed as Caesar. It was raised in 1806 to celebrate the Battle of Austerlitz and features bronze reliefs of scenes of the battle spiralling their way up. 68 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S EGLISE DE LA MADELEINE M Madeleine. Mon–Sat 7.30am–7pm, Sun 8am–1pm & 4–7pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP E6 Originally intended as a monument to Napoleon’s army, the imperious-looking Eglise de la Madeleine is modelled on the Parthenon, surrounded by Corinthian columns and fronted by a huge pediment depicting Te Last Judgement. Inside, the wide single nave is decorated with Ionic columns and surmounted by three huge domes – the only source of natural light. A theatrical stone sculpture of the Magdalene being swept up to heaven by two angels draws your eye to the high altar, and above is a half-dome with a fresco commemorating the concordat signed between the Church and Napoleon, healing the rif afer the Revolution. PLACE DE LA MADELEINE M Madeleine. Flower market Tues–Sat 8am–7.30pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP E6 Place de la Madeleine is home to some of Paris’s top gourmet food stores, the best known being Fauchon and Hédiard (see p.72). On the east side is one of the city’s oldest fower markets dating to 1832, while nearby, some rather fne Art Nouveau public toilets are worth inspecting. RUE ST-HONORÉ MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP A13–D15 Rue St-Honoré – especially its western end and the Faubourg St-Honoré – hosts top fashion designers and art galleries. Wonder at John Galliano’s extravagant creations at no. 392 or join the style-conscious Parisians at the Colette concept store at no. 213 (see p.72). PLACE A. MALRAUX PLACE COLETTE R U E M O L I E R E R U E V I L L E D O R U E D E S M O U L I N S P G E S T - R O C H R . S T E - A N N E R . D U 2 9 J U I L L E T R U E D ’ A L G E R R U E T H E R E S E G A L . D E L A M A D E L E IN E R.DES FILLES R U E D U H E L D E R R U E S T E - A N N E R U E C H E R U B IN I R . R A M E A U R U E D E L O U V O IS R U E M O N S I G N Y R U E D A L A Y R A C R U E M A R S O L L I E R R U E G A I L L O N R U E D E P O R T M A H O N R . D E M A R I V A U X R U E D E C H O I S E U L R . D E L A M I C H O D I E R E R U E D E G R A M O N T R U E D ’ A N T I N P G E C H O I S E U L R U E G O D O T D E M A U R O Y RUE BOUDREAU R U E V I G N O N R U E S C R I B E R U E V O L N E Y R U E G L U C K R U E D A U N O U R U E C A M B O N R U E D U P H O T R U E D U M O N T T H A B O R PLACE DIAGHILEV R U E D E S I T A L I E N S CITE D'ANTIN R U E T A I T B O U T RUE DE HANOVRE R U E L O U I S L E G R A N D PL. GAILLON R U E S T-AUGUSTIN P L . D U M A R C H É S T - H O N O R E R . D U M A R C H É S T - H O N O R E R . S T - H Y A C IN T H E R U E D E L A S O U R D I E R E R U E S T - R O C H R U E D ’ A R G E N T E U I L R . D E S P Y R A M I D E S R U E D E R I C H E L I E U R . R U E D E M O N T P E N S I E R R U E D E L ' E C H E L L E R U E P I L L E T W ILL R U E L A F F I T T E R . T A I T B O U T P L A C E D E L A M A D E L E IN E R .C H A U V E A U L A G A R D E R UE DE S MAT HU RI NS A V E N U E D U G E N E R A L L E M O N N I E R PLACE DES PYRAMIDES R U E D E S P E T I T S R . D E C A S T I G L I O N E R U E D E S E Z E R U E D A N IE L L E C A S A N O V A R U E D E L A P A I X R U E D E S C A P U C I N E S R U E D E C A U M A R T I N PLACE DE L'OPERA PLACE VENDOME R U E S A I N T - H O N O R E R U E A U B E R R U E D U Q U A T R E A V E N U E D E L ’ O P E R A A V E N U E D E L ’ O P E R A R U E H A L E V Y R U E D E L A C H A U S S E E D ' A N T I N B LV D D E L A M A D E L E IN E B O U L E V A R D D E S B O U L E V A R D D E S C A P U C I N E S B O U L E V A R D H A U S S M A N N B L V D M A L E S H E R B E S R U E D E R I V O L I Olympia Palais Royal Comédie Française St-Roch Musée des Arts Décoratifs Ministère de la Justice Eglise de la Madeleine Opéra Garnier Colonne Vendôme Jardin des Tuileries MADELEINE HAVRE CAUMARTIN AUBER CHAUSSÉE D’ANTIN OPÉRA QUATRE SEPTEMBRE PYRAMIDES PALAIS ROYAL MUSÉE DU LOUVRE ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS RESTAURANTS BARS BVJ Louvre Hôtel Chopin Hôtel Mansart Relais St Honoré Hôtel Thérèse Hôtel Vivienne A Priori Thé L’Arbre à Cannelle Verlet Bistrot des Victoires Le Dénicheur Dilan Drouant Gallopin Le Grand Véfour Higuma Aux Lyonnais Le Vaudeville Bar Hemingway Le Café Noir Delaville Café Le Fumoir Le Rubis 8 1 16 13 15 14 6 5 12 11 3 4 7 9 2 17 10 6 1 3 5 4 2 150 metres 0 150 yards 0 69 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S to the fun. Folly, some might say, has returned – in the form of contemporary artist Daniel Buren’s black-and-white striped pillars. Tey’re rather like sticks of Brighton rock of varying heights, dotted about the main courtyard in front of the palace. T H E P A L A I S R O Y A L PALAIS ROYAL M Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre. Gardens daily dawn–dusk. Free. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14–C14 Te Palais Royal was built for Cardinal Richelieu in 1624, though little now remains of the original palace. Te current building, mostly dating from the eighteenth century, houses various governmental bodies and the Comédie Française, long-standing venue for the classics of French theatre. To the rear lie sedate gardens with fountains and avenues of clipped limes, bounded by stately eighteenth-century mansions built over arcades housing quirky antique and designer shops. You’d hardly guess that for a time these peaceful arcades and gardens were a site of gambling dens, brothels and funfair attractions until the prohibition on public gambling in 1838 put an end PLACE DES VICTOIRES G A L E R IE V É R O -D O D A T V E R D E A U P G E RUE MANDAR RUE BACHAUMONT R U E J . J . R O U S S E A U P G E B E N A I A D IM PA S S E S T D EN IS R U E D E P A L E S T R O R . R A D Z I W I L L R . L A V R I L L I E R E R U E D E S B O N S E N F A N T S R U E D U B O U L O I R . D U C O L O N E L D R IA N T R U E C O Q U I L L E R E R U E B ER G ER E R U E D E M U L H O U S E R U E S T - J O S E P H R U E S T - F I A C R E R U E D U C R O IS S A N T R U E D U N IL I M P . D E B O N N E N O U V E L L E R U E D E M A Z A G R A N R U E D E L A V I L L E N E U V E R U E D ’U Z E S R U E D U S E N T I E R R U E F A V A R T R U E D ’A M B O IS E ST THOMAS X RUE MENARS R U E F E Y DE A U RUE L. CLADEL R U E D E L A B O U R S E P L . D E L A B O U R S E PLACE BOIELDIEU C . D E S F E R M E S CITE BERGERE R U E D R O U O T PORTE ST-DENIS RUE DE LA LUNE RUE LEO P O L D B E LL A N R U E M O N T O R G U E I L PGE DU BOURG L'ABBE R . C O L B E R T G A L . V I V I E N N E R U E PAUL LELONG R U E D ’ A B O U K I R R U E D E L A B A N Q U E R U E D E V A L O I S D E B E A U J O L A IS R U E D U M A IL R U E N O T R E - D A M E D E S V I C T O I R E S R U E S T - S A U V E U R R U E G R E N E T A R U E D U S S O U B S R UE T I QU ET O N N E R. M. STUART R U E ST-M ARC P G E J O U F F R O Y R U E H E R O L D R U E D ’ A R G O U T P G E D E S P A N O R A M A S G A L . C O L B E R T R U E D ’ E N G H I E N PASSAGE DU GRAND CERF C H A M P S R U E D E S J E U N E U R S R U E D ’ A B O U K I R R U E R E A U M U R R U E P O I S S O N N I E R E R U E V I V I E N N E R U E V I V I E N N E R U E D E C L E R Y R U E D E R I C H E L I E U S E P T E M B R E R . C R O I X D E S P E T I T S C H A M P S R U E S T - D E N I S R U E D E L ' E C H I Q U I E R R U E D U L O U V R E R U E D U L O U V R E R U E D ’ H A U T E V I L L E R U E E T I E N N E M A R C E L M O N T M A R T R E R U E D U F A U B O U R G R U E M O N T M A R T R E I T A L I E N S B L V D P O I S S O N N I E R E B L V D D E B O N N E N O U V E L L E B L V D M O N T M A R T R E R . R E A U M U R B L V D D E S E B A S T O P O L Musée Grévin Bibliothèque Nationale Richelieu Banque de France Bourse du Commerce Bourse des Valeurs Notre-Dame des Victoires Jardin du Palais Royal RÉAUMUR SÉBASTOPOL SENTIER BOURSE GRANDS BOULEVARDS BONNE NOUVELLE RICHELIEU DROUOT SHOPS LIVE MUSIC CLUBS Astier de Villatte Colette Fauchon Galeries Lafayette Hédiard Jean-Paul Hévin Legrand Printemps Repetto Eglise de la Madeleine Au Limonaire Opéra Garnier Le Paris Paris Rex Club Social Club 9 8 4 2 3 7 6 1 5 3 2 1 6 4 5 N The Grands Boulevards & passages 70 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S GALERIE VÉRO-DODAT Between rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs and rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau M Palais Royal- Musée du Louvre. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C14 With its tiled foors, ceiling decorations and mahogany shop fronts divided by faux marble columns, Galerie Véro-Dodat is one of the most attractive and homogeneous passages. Fashionable new shops rub shoulders with older businesses, such as R.F. Charle at no. 17, specializing in the repair and sale of vintage stringed instruments. GALERIE VIVIENNE Links rue Vivienne with rue des Petits-Champs M Bourse. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C13–14 Te famboyant decor of Grecian and marine motifs in charming Galerie Vivienne establishes the perfect ambience in which to buy Jean-Paul Gaultier gear, or you can browse in the antiquarian bookshop, Librairie Jousseaume, which dates back to the arcade’s earliest days. PASSAGE CHOISEUL Links rue des Petits Champs and rue St Augustin M Pyramides. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B13 Evocatively described by Louis-Ferdinand Céline in his autobiographical Death on Credit, the alluringly dark and dingy-looking passage Choiseul harbours takeaway food shops, discount clothes and book stores, bars, art galleries and Lavrut, at no. 52, selling top-quality artists’ materials. PASSAGE DES PANORAMAS Off rue Vivienne M Grands-Boulevards. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G6 Te grid of arcades collectively known as the passage des Panoramas has an appealing old-fashioned chic. Standing out among the bric-a-brac shops and secondhand postcard dealers are a salon de thé, ĽArbre à Cannelle (see p.73), with fantastic carved wood panelling, and a fne old printshop, Stern. The passages C onceived by town planners in the early nineteenth century to protect pedestrians from mud and horse-drawn vehicles, the passages, elegant glass-roofed shopping arcades, were for decades left to crumble and decay, but many have been renovated and restored to something approaching their former glory, and chic boutiques have moved in alongside the old-fashioned traders and secondhand dealers. Most are closed at night and on Sundays. T H E G A L E R I E V I V I E N N E 71 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S PASSAGES JOUFFROY AND VERDEAU Off bd Montmartre M Grands-Boulevards. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G5 Across boulevard Montmartre, passage Joufroy is full of the kind of stores that make shopping an adventure rather than a chore. M & G Segas sells eccentric walking canes and theatrical antiques opposite a shop stocking every conceiv- able ftting and furnishing for a doll’s house, while near the romantic Hôtel Chopin (see p.168), Paul Vulin spreads his secondhand books along the passageway, and Ciné-Doc appeals to cinephiles with its collection of old flm posters. Crossing rue de la Grange- Batelière, you enter the equally enchanting passage Verdeau, perhaps the lightest of the arcades, with its high glass ceiling sheltering antiquarian books and old prints. PASSAGE DU GRAND-CERF Between rue St-Denis and rue Dessoubs M Etienne-Marcel. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP D14–E14 Te lofy, three-storey passage du Grand-Cerf arcade is stylistically the best of all. Te wrought-iron work, glass roof and plain-wood shop fronts have all been cleaned, attracting stylish contemporary design, jewellery and fairtrade boutiques. Tere’s always something quirky and original on display in the window of Le Labo (no. 4), specializing in lamps and other lighting fxtures made from recycled objects, while As’Art, opposite, is a treasure trove of home furnish- ings and objects from Africa. BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE RICHELIEU 58 rue de Richelieu M Bourse W www.bnf .fr. Exhibitions Tues–Sat 10am–7pm, Sun noon–7pm; €7. Cabinet des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques Mon–Fri 9–6pm, Sat 9–5pm; free. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C13 Te Bibliothèque Nationale Richelieu, the French National Library, is a huge, forbidding- looking building, dating back to the 1660s. Visiting its temporary exhibitions will give you access to some of the more beautiful parts of the building – the Galerie Mazarine in particular, with its panelled ceilings painted by Romanelli. You can also see a rich display of coins and ancient treasures in the Cabinet des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques. Tere’s no restriction on entering the library, nor on peering into the atmospheric reading rooms, though many of the books have now been transferred to the new François Mitterrand site in the 13 e (see p.138). T H E P A S S A G E D U G R A N D - C E R F 72 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S I N S I D E T H E G A L E R I E S L A F A Y E T T E Shops As well as the shops below, be sure to check out the passages, fertile hunting ground for curios and one-of buys. ASTIER DE VILLATTE 173 rue St-Honoré M Palais Royal. Mon–Sat 11am–7pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14 An atmospheric old shop full of oak cabinets displaying stylish ceramic dinnerware. Te pieces (starting from around €35) manage to seem elegant and rustic at the same time, with their milky white glaze and slightly unfnished look. COLETTE 213 rue St-Honoré M Tuileries. Mon–Sat 11am–7pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP A14 Style-conscious young Parisians peruse the latest Anya Hindmarch handbags and Prada oferings at this cutting-edge concept store, combining high fashion and design. Coolest of all is the downstairs Water Bar, ofering eighty diferent kinds of bottled H 2 O. FAUCHON 24–30 place de la Madeleine M Madeleine. Mon–Sat 9am–8pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP E6 A cornucopia of extravagant and beautiful groceries, charcuterie and wines. Just the place for presents of tea, jam, trufes, chocolates, exotic vinegars and mustards. GALERIES LAFAYETTE 40 bd Haussmann M Chaussée d’Antin. Mon–Sat 9.30am–7pm, Thurs until 9pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP F5 Tis venerable department store’s forte is high fashion, with two foors given over to the latest creations by leading designers and nearly a whole foor devoted to lingerie. Ten there’s a host of big names in men’s and women’s accessories and a huge parfumerie – all under a superb 1900 dome. Just down the road at no. 35 is Lafayette Maison, fve foors of quality kitchenware, linen and furniture. HÉDIARD 21 place de la Madeleine M Madeleine. Mon–Sat 8am–10pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP E6 Since the 1850s, Hédiard has been the aristocrat’s grocer, selling superlative-quality food, an especially good range of fruit and veg, as well as over 70 kinds of spices and over 200 types of tea. JEAN-PAUL HÉVIN 231 rue St-Honoré M Tuileries. Mon–Sat 10am–7.30pm, closed 1 week in Aug. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP A14 Jean-Paul Hévin is one of Paris’s best chocolatiers. His sleek shop displays an array of elegantly presented tablets of chocolate, bearing little descriptions of their aroma and characteristics as though they were choice wines; try for example the São Tomé, with its “grande intensité aromatique”. 73 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S Upstairs is a cosy salon de thé, with chocolate-coloured wood panelling and white furnish- ings, where you can choose from around ffeen diferent chocolate cakes. LEGRAND 1 rue de la Banque M Bourse. Mon 11am–7pm, Tues–Fri 10am–7.30pm, Sat 10am–7pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C14 Tis beautiful old wine shop is the place to stock up on your favourite vintages and discover some little-known ones too. Tere’s also a bar (noon–7pm) for drinks, saucisson and pâté. PRINTEMPS 64 bd Haussmann M Havre-Caumartin. Mon–Sat 9.30am–7pm, Thurs until 10pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP F5 Books, records, a parfumerie and an excellent fashion department for men and women, plus a sixth-foor restaurant underneath the beautiful Art Nouveau glass dome. Te store is currently undergoing a major revamp: its fne decor is being fully restored and it’s set to stock more luxury brands. REPETTO 22 rue de la Paix M Opéra. Mon–Sat 9.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B13 Tis long-established supplier of ballet shoes has branched out to produce attractive ballerina pumps in assorted colours, much coveted by the fashion crowd, from €125. Cafés A PRIORI THÉ 35 Galerie Vivienne M Bourse. Mon–Sat 9am–6pm, Sun 12.30–6.30pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C13 An attractive little salon de thé in a charming passage, with some tables spilling into the arcade. You can get crumbly home-made scones (from €4.50) and tea, plus more substantial dishes at lunch (menu €16). L’ARBRE À CANNELLE 57 passage des Panoramas M Grands-Boulevards. Mon–Sat 11.30am–6pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G6 Tis café/salon de thé, formerly a brasserie, dating back to the early twentieth century, has exquisite wood panelling and ceiling frescoes and makes an excellent spot for lunch or tea. VERLET 256 rue St-Honoré M Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre. Mon–Sat 9am–7pm; closed Aug. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14 A heady aroma of freshly ground cofee greets you as you enter this old-world cofee merchant and café. Choose from around thirty varieties, such as Mokka Harar d’Ethiopie. Tere’s also a selection of teas and cakes. C A K E S A T L ’ A R B R E À C A N N E L L E 74 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S Restaurants BISTROT DES VICTOIRES 6 rue de la Vrillère M Bourse T 01.42.61.43.78. Daily 9am–11pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C14 Located just behind the chic place des Victoires, but very reasonably priced for the area, this charming, old-fashioned bistrot, with zinc bar, mustard-coloured walls and globe lamps, serves good old standbys such as conft de canard and poulet rôti for €11, as well as huge salads and hearty tartines – recommended is the savoyarde with bacon, potatoes and gruyère. Sunday brunch for €15.50. LE DÉNICHEUR 4 rue Tiquetonne M Etienne-Marcel T 01.42.21.31.03. Tues–Sat 12.30–3.30pm & 7pm–midnight, Sun noon–4pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP E14 Tis small, chic, gay-friendly café-restaurant is a hotch-potch of wacky decor: bright-blue globes above, garden gnomes, and bin-shaped lampshades dotted around. Salads are the main event here, though you can fnd lasagne, ravioli, gazpacho and tartines too, all at reasonable prices. Mains around €18. DILAN 13 rue Mandar M Les Halles/Sentier T 01.40.26.81.04. Mon–Sat noon–2.30pm & 7.30–11pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP D14 An excellent-value, popular Kurdish restaurant, with kilims strewn liberally across the benches and taped Kurdish music playing in the background. You can’t really go wrong whatever you choose from the menu, but you could do worse than start with the melt-in-your mouth babaqunuc (stufed aubergines), followed by delicious beyti (spiced minced beef wrapped in pastry, with yoghurt, tomato sauce and bulgar wheat). Mains cost around €12. DROUANT 16–18 rue Gaillon MOpéra T01.42.65.15.16. Daily noon–3pm & 7pm–midnight. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B13 Legendary restaurant Drouant, the setting for the annual Goncourt prize, has shaken of its slightly fusty image with a sleek makeover and a new chef, Michelin-starred Antoine Westermann, who has injected fun and creativity into the cuisine. Te starters and desserts are the stars of the show – you get four of each served in small portions and A U X L Y O N N A I S 75 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S grouped around a theme, such as “four corners of the world”. Starters cost €25, mains €30 (€20 at lunch), desserts €13, and there’s a lunchtime menu for €43, as well as a €32 brunch on weekends. GALLOPIN 40 rue Notre-Dame-des-Victoires M Bourse T 01.42.36.45.38. Daily noon–midnight. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C13 An utterly endearing old brasserie, with all its original brass and mahogany fttings and a beautiful painted glass roof in the back room. Te classic French dishes, especially the foie gras maison, are well above par; set menus start from €23. LE GRAND VÉFOUR 17 rue de Beaujolais M Pyramides/Bourse T 01.42.96.56.27. Mon–Thurs 12.30–2pm & 7.30–10pm, Fri 12.30–2pm. Closed Aug. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C14 Te carved wooden ceilings, frescoes, velvet hangings and late eighteenth-century chairs haven’t changed since Napoleon brought Josephine here. Considering the luxury of the cuisine, the lunchtime menu for €88 is very good value, though go à la carte and the bill could easily top €200. HIGUMA 32bis rue Ste Anne M Pyramides T 01.47.03.38.59. Daily 11.30am–10pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14 Te pick of the numerous Japanese canteens in this area, Higuma serves up cheap, flling staples like pork katsu curry and yaki udon. Sit at the counter and watch the chefs at work, or cram onto one of the tiny tables further back. It’s popular and you may have to queue at lunchtime. Menus €11–12. AUX LYONNAIS 32 rue St-Marc M Bourse/Richelieu-Drouot T 01.42.96.65.04. Tues–Fri noon–2pm & 7.30–11pm, Sat 7.30–11pm. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G6 Tis revamped, attractive old bistrot, overseen by top chefs Alain Ducasse and Tierry de la Brosse, sports belle époque tiles and mirrored walls, and serves up delicious Lyonnais fare, such as quenelles (light, delicate fsh dumplings). Te three-course set menu costs €34, service is friendly and there’s a buzzy atmosphere. LE VAUDEVILLE 29 rue Vivienne M Bourse T 01.40.20.04.62. Daily noon–3pm & 7pm–1am; breakfast Mon–Sat 7–11am. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C13 Tere’s ofen a queue to get a table at this lively, late-night Art Deco brasserie, attractively decorated with marble and mosaics. Dishes include tuna steak with chorizo and lamb with boulangère potatoes. Menus €24–32, main course and a cofee €18.50. D R O U A N T 76 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S Bars BAR HEMINGWAY Ritz Hotel, place Vendôme M Tuileries/ Opéra. Mon–Sat 6.30pm–2am. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP A13 Hidden away at the back of the Ritz, this discreetly elegant bar with leather armchairs and deferential white-suited bar staf was once Hemingway’s regular haunt, and the walls are covered with photos of him. His favourite drink, dry martini, is on the menu, but if you’re feeling adventurous go for one of the more unusual cocktails (around €25) concocted by award-winning barman Colin Field. LE CAFÉ NOIR 65 rue Montmartre M Les Halles/Sentier. Mon–Fri 8.30am–2am, Sat 4pm–2am. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP D13 Despite the name, it’s the colour red that predominates in this cool little corner café-bar, with papier-mâché red lightshades and other bits of eccentric decor. It’s great for an aperitif or late-night drinks, when the music and ambience hot up and it’s standing room only at the bar. DJ Turs and Fri. DELAVILLE CAFÉ 34 bd de la Bonne Nouvelle M Bonne-Nouvelle. Daily 11am–2am. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP H6 Tis ex-bordello, with grand staircase, gilded mosaics and marble columns, draws in crowds of pre-clubbers who sling back a mojito or two before going on to one of the area’s nightclubs. DJs reign till the early hours on Turs, Fri and Sat from 10pm. For the day afer, there’s a range of international dishes, and a famous brunch. LE FUMOIR 6 rue de l’Amiral de Coligny M Louvre-Rivoli. Daily 11am–2am. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C15 Animated chatter rises above a mellow jazz soundtrack and the sound of cocktail shakers in this coolly designed and relaxing bar-restaurant, situated just by the Louvre. Cocktails around €10. LE RUBIS 10 rue du Marché-St-Honoré M Pyramides. Mon–Fri 7.30am–10pm, Sat 9am–3pm; closed mid-Aug. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14 Tis very small and crowded wine bar is one of the oldest in Paris, known for its excellent wines and home-made rillettes (a kind of pork pâté). Clubs LE PARIS PARIS 5 av de l’Opéra M Pyramide/Palais Royal T 01.42.60.64.45, W www.myspace.com /leclubparisparis. Wed–Sat 7pm–5am. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14 One of the city’s coolest clubs, but without the haughty attitude afecting many of its T H E R E X C L U B 77 T H E G R A N D S B O U L E V A R D S A N D P A S S A G E S counterparts (you generally need to be on the guest list to get in – easily done via the website). DJs and live bands perform (recent acts include Ed Banger), and it’s ofen lively midweek, as well as on Friday and Saturday. No cover charge, but drinks are pricey. REX CLUB 5 bd Poissonnière M Bonne-Nouvelle T 01.42.36.28.83, W www.rexclub.com. Wed–Sat 11.30pm–6am. Entry up to €15. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP H6 Te clubbers’ club: serious about its music, which is strictly electronic, notably techno, played through a top-of-the line sound system. Attracts big-name DJs. SOCIAL CLUB 142 rue Montmartre M Bourse T 01.43.35.25.48, W www.parissocialclub .com. Wed 11.30pm–3am, Thurs–Sat 11pm–6am. Entry price up to €15. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP D13 Tis unpretentious, grungey club is packed with a mixed clientele, from local students to lounge lizards. Here, it’s all about the music, with everything from electro to jazz to hip-hop to ska on the playlist. Calvin Harris, Mr Scruf and Hot Chip’s Alexis Taylor have all taken to the decks recently. Live music EGLISE DE LA MADELEINE M Madeleine T 01.42.50.96.18, W www .eglise-lamadeleine.com. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP E6 A grand, regular venue for organ recitals and choral concerts, the church has a long and venerable musical tradition. Gabriel Fauré, who was organist here for a time, wrote his famous Requiem for the church. It also premiered here in 1888. Tickets €15–23. AU LIMONAIRE 18 Cité Bergère M Grands-Boulevards T 01.45.23.33.33, W http://limonaire.free.fr. Tues–Sat. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP H5 Tis tiny backstreet place is the perfect intimate and informal venue for Parisian chanson, ofen showcasing committed young singers or zany music/ poetry/performance acts trying to catch a break. Dinner beforehand (traditional, fairly inexpensive and usually quite good) guarantees a seat for the show at 10pm, otherwise you’ll be crammed up against the bar – if you can get in at all. OPÉRA GARNIER M Opéra T 08.36.69.78.68, W www.opera -de-paris.fr. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP F5 Te Opéra Garnier is generally used for ballets and smaller- scale opera productions than those put on at the Opéra Bastille. For programme and booking details consult their website or phone the box ofce. Tickets can cost as little as €5 if you don’t mind being up in the gods, though most are in the €30–40 range. P E R F O R M E R A T A U L I M O N A I R E 78 B E A U B O U R G A N D L E S H A L L E S T H E P O M P I D O U C E N T R E THE POMPIDOU CENTRE M Rambuteau/Hotel-de-Ville T 01.44.78.12.33, W www.cnac-gp.fr. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 At the heart of one of Paris’s oldest districts stands the resolutely modern Centre Pompidou. Wanting to move away from the traditional idea of galleries as closed treasure chests and create something more open and accessible, the architects Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers stripped the “skin” of the building and made all the “bones” visible. Te infrastructure was put on the outside: escalator tubes and utility pipes, brightly colour-coded according to their function, climb around the exterior in a crazy snakes-and- ladders fashion.Te centre’s main draw is its modern art museum and exhibitions, but there are also two cinemas and performance spaces. One of the added treats of the museum is that you get to ascend the transparent escalator on the outside of the building, afording superb views. Beaubourg and Les Halles One of the city’s most recognizable and popular landmarks, the Pompidou Centre, or Beaubourg as the building is known locally, draws large numbers of visitors to its excellent modern art museum and high-proﬁle exhibitions. Its groundbreaking architecture provoked a storm of controversy on its opening in 1977, but since then it has won over critics and public alike. By contrast, nearby Les Halles, a shopping complex built at around the same time as the Pompidou Centre to replace the old food market that once stood there, has never really endeared itself to the city’s inhabitants and is probably the least inspired of all the urban developments undertaken in Paris in the last thirty years. The good news is that it’s currently undergoing a major revamp. It’s also worth seeking out some of Les Halles’ surviving old bistrots and food stalls, which preserve traces of the old market atmosphere. 79 B E A U B O U R G A N D L E S H A L L E S MUSÉE NATIONAL D’ART MODERNE Pompidou Centre M Rambuteau/Hotel-de- Ville. Daily except Tues 11am–9pm. €12, under-18s & EU residents aged 18–25 free (pick up a pass at the ticket ofﬁce), free for everyone on ﬁrst Sun of the month. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 Te Musée National d’Art Moderne collection, spread over foors four and fve of the Pompidou Centre, is one of the fnest of its kind in the world, and is so large that only a fraction of the 50,000-plus works are on show at any one time (they’re frequently rotated). Te section covering the years 1905 to 1960 is a near-complete visual essay on the history of modern art: Fauvism, Cubism, Dada, abstract art, Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism are all well represented. Tere’s a parti cularly rich collection of Matisses, ranging from early Fauvist works to his late masterpieces – a standout is his Tristesse du Roi, a moving meditation on old age and memory. Other highlights include a number of Picasso’s and Braque’s early Cubist paintings and a substantial collection of Kandinskys. A whole room is devoted to the characteristically colourful paintings of Robert and Sonia Delaunay, while the mood darkens in later rooms with unsettling works by Surrealists Magritte, Dalí and Ernst. In the Pop Art section is Andy Warhol’s easily recognizable Ten Lizes, in which the actress Elizabeth Taylor sports a Mona Lisa-like smile. Elsewhere, Yves Klein prefgures performance art with his Grande anthropo- phagie bleue, Hommage à Tennessee Williams, one in a series of “body prints” in which the artist turned female models into human paintbrushes, covering them in paint to create his artworks. Established contemporary artists you might see include Claes Oldenburg, Christian Boltanski and Daniel Buren, whose works are easy to spot with their trademark stripes, exactly 8.7cm in width. Some space is dedicated to video art, with changing installations by artists such as Jean-Luc Vilmouth, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster, Melik Ohanian and current star of the scene Pierre Huyghe. I N S I D E T H E M U S É E N A T I O N A L D ’ A R T M O D E R N E 80 B E A U B O U R G A N D L E S H A L L E S ATELIER BRANCUSI Pompidou Centre M Rambuteau/ Hôtel-de-Ville. Daily except Tues 2–6pm. Free. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 Te Atelier Brancusi is the reconstructed home and studio of sculptor Constantin Brancusi. He bequeathed the contents of his atelier to the state on condition that the rooms be arranged exactly as he lef them, and they provide a fascinating insight into how the artist lived and worked. Studios one and two are crowded with Brancusi’s trademark abstract bird and column shapes in highly polished brass and marble, while studios three and four comprise the artist’s private quarters. QUARTIER BEAUBOURG M Rambuteau/Hôtel-de-Ville. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 Te lively quartier Beaubourg around the Pompidou Centre also ofers much in the way of visual art. Te colourful, swirling sculptures and fountains, in the pool in front of the Eglise St-Merri on the south side of the Pompidou Centre, were created by Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint Phalle. North of the Pompidou Centre, numerous commercial galleries take up the contemporary art theme on rue Quincampoix, a narrow, pedestrianized street lined with fne old houses. LES HALLES M Les-Halles/RER Châtelet-Les-Halles. Mon–Sat 10am–8pm. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D15 Described by Zola as “le ventre (stomach) de Paris”, Les Halles was Paris’s main food market for over eight hundred years until, despite widespread opposition, it was SQ. DE LA TOUR ST-JACQUES SQ. DES INNOCENTS PL. J. DU BELLAY PLACE E. MICHELET PLACE GEORGES POMPIDOU PLACE R. CASSIN PLACE DE L'HOTEL DE VILLE PL. STE- OPPORTUNE R U E B E R G E R R U E J . J . R O U S S E A U PA S S A G E D U G R A N D C ER F IM PA S S E S T D EN IS R . D U J O U R R. M AUCONSEIL R U E D U C Y G N E R U E D E S P R E C H E U R S R U E D E L A C O S S O N N E R IE R . N F L A M E L R . S T - B O N RUE PERNELLE R U E D U B O U R G L 'A B B E R . G E O F F R O Y L ’A N G E V IN R U E S IM O N L E F R A N C R U E S T - M E R R I R . B D E C L A IR V A U X P G E B R A N T O M E R . M O N D É T O U R R U E Q U I N C A M P O I X R U E Q U I N C A M P O I X R . D U G R E N IE R S T - L A Z A R E R . C O Q H E R O N R . D U B O U L O I R. BAILLEUL R U E S A U V A L R U E D E V IARM E S R U E D E L ' A R B R E S E C PL. DU LOUVRE PLACE M. QUENTIN C . D E S F E R M E S R U E M O N T O R G U E I L R . D E L A G D E T R U A N D E R IE PL. M. DE NAVARRE R . B E R G E R R U E G R EN ETA R U E D U S S O U B S R UE T I Q U E T O N N E R. M. STUART R U E S T - D E N I S R U E R A M B U T E A U R U E S T - M A R T I N R U E P . L E S C O T R U E D E L A V E R R E R I E R . S T - M A R T I N R. D E S L O M B A R D S R U E S T - D E N I S R . D E L A M O N N A I E R U E D U P O N T N E U F R U E D E S B O U R D O N N A I S R . E . C O L O N N E R . J . L A N T IE R R U E A U B R Y L E B O U C H E R PL. IGOR STRAVINSKY R U E H E R O L D R U E C O Q U I L L E R E R U E S T-S A U V E U R R U E B E R T I N - P O I R E E R . D E S P R O U V A I R E S R U E D E T U R B I G O R U E S T- H O N O R E R . S T - D E N I S R U E D E S H A L L E S R U E D U T E M P L E R U E D U L O U V R E R . A U X O U R S R U E E T I E N N E M A R C E L R U E M O N T M A R T R E R U E D E R I V O L I B L V D D E S E B A S T O P O L R U E D E T U R B I G O A V E V I C T O R I A R U E D U R E N A R D R U E B E A U B O U R G Hôtel de Ville Centre Pompidou Fontaine des Innocents Bourse du Commerce St-Eustache Forum des Halles St-Germain- l’Auxerrois Jardins des Halles PONT NEUF CHÂTELET HÔTEL DE VILLE RAMBUTEAU CHÂTELET LES HALLES LES HALLES LOUVRE RIVOLI ETIENNE MARCEL CAFÉS RESTAURANTS ACCOMMODATION SHOPS LIVE MUSIC BARS Café Beaubourg Le Café des Initiés Au Chien Qui Fume Georges La Tour de Montlhéry A la Cloche des Halles Kong Le Petit Marcel Relais du Louvre Hôtel Saint-Merry Agnès b. Comptoir des Ecritures Pâtisserie Stohrer Le Duc des Lombards Le Sunset & Le Sunside 7 2 5 6 4 1 8 3 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 150 metres 0 150 yards 0 N Beaubourg & Les Halles 81 B E A U B O U R G A N D L E S H A L L E S moved out to the suburbs in 1969. It was replaced by a large underground shopping and leisure complex, known as the Forum des Halles, as well as a major métro/RER interchange (métro Châtelet- les Halles). Unsightly and run-down, the complex is now widely acknowledged as an architectural disaster and work is under way to give it a major facelif. A vast glass roof is being suspended over the forum, allowing light to food in, and a wide promenade on the model of Barcelona’s Ramblas is being created. Work is expected to be complete by 2014. Te Forum des Halles centre stretches underground from the Bourse du Commerce rotunda to rue Pierre-Lescot and is spread over four levels. Te overground section comprises aquarium-like arcades of shops, arranged around a sunken patio, and landscaped gardens. Te shops are mostly devoted to high-street fashion, though there’s also a large FNAC bookshop and the Forum des Créateurs, an outlet for young fashion designers. Little now remains of the old working-class quarter, but you can still catch a favour of the old market atmosphere in some of the surrounding bars and bistrots and on pedestrianized rue Montorgueil to the north, where traditional grocers, horse butchers and fshmongers still ply their trade. ST-EUSTACHE M Les-Halles/RER Châtelet-Les-Halles. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D14 For an antidote to the steel and glass troglodytism of Les Halles, head for the soaring vaults of the beautiful church of St-Eustache. Built between 1532 and 1637, it’s Gothic in structure, with lofy naves and graceful fying buttresses, and Renaissance in decoration – all Corinthian columns, pilasters and arcades. Molière was baptized here, and Rameau and Marivaux are buried here. FONTAINE DES INNOCENTS M Les-Halles/RER Châtelet-Les-Halles. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D15 Te Fontaine des Innocents, a perfectly proportioned Renaissance fountain, decorated with reliefs of water nymphs, is Paris’s oldest surviving fountain, dating from 1549. On warm days shoppers sit around its edge, drawn to the cool of its cascading waters. It is named afer the cemetery that used to occupy this site, the Cimetière des Innocents. T H E F O R U M D E S H A L L E S 82 B E A U B O U R G A N D L E S H A L L E S A G N È S B . Cafés CAFÉ BEAUBOURG 43 rue St-Merri M Rambuteau/Hôtel-de- Ville. Mon–Wed & Sun 8am–1am, Thurs–Sat 8am–2am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 A seat under the expansive awnings of this stylish café, bearing the trademark sweeping lines of designer Christian Portzamparc, is one of the best places for people-watching on the Pompidou Centre’s piazza. It’s also good for a relaxed Sunday brunch – €24 for the full works, including eggs, hash browns and sausage. Drinks from €5.50. LE CAFÉ DES INITIÉS 3 place des Deux-Ecus M Châtelet- Les-Halles/Louvre. Daily 7am–2am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP C14 A smart yet intimate and comfortable café, with dark-red leather banquettes, wooden foor and arty photos on the wall. Locals gather round the zinc bar or tuck into tasty dishes such as grilled king prawns and steak tartare (around €15) and home-made apple crumble. It’s also a good spot for an evening drink. Restaurants AU CHIEN QUI FUME 33 rue du Pont Neuf M Châtelet-Les Halles T 01.42.36.07.42. Daily noon–2am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D15 Named afer a local poodle who allegedly smoked a cigar, this popular brasserie has been around for centuries. Tuxedoed waiters serve house favourites like fresh oysters, langoustines fricassée volaille (prawn fricassee) and cuisse de canard en marmite et lentilles (leg of duck with lentils). Set menus from €22.50. Shops AGNÈS B. 2, 3, 6 & 19 rue du Jour M Les-Halles/RER Châtelet-Les-Halles. Mon–Sat 10am–7pm. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D14 Agnès b. pays scant regard to fashion trends, creating chic, timeless, understated clothes for men, women and children. Her best-known staples are the snap cardigan and well- made T-shirts that don’t lose their shape. COMPTOIR DES ECRITURES 35 rue Quincampoix M Les-Halles/RER Châtelet-Les-Halles. Tues–Fri 11am–7pm, Sat 11am–6pm. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 A delightful shop entirely devoted to the art of calli graphy, with an extensive collection of paper, pens, brushes and inks. PÂTISSERIE STOHRER 51 rue Montorgueil M Sentier. Daily 7.30am–8.30pm; closed ﬁrst two weeks of Aug. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D14 Discover what pain aux raisins should really taste like at this wonderful patisserie, in business since 1730 and preserving its lovely old decor. 83 B E A U B O U R G A N D L E S H A L L E S GEORGES Pompidou Centre, top ﬂoor M Rambuteau/ Hôtel-de-Ville T 01.44.78.47.99. Daily noon–midnight except Tues. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 Tis ultra-minimalist restaurant commands stunning views over the roofops of Paris. Te French-Asian fusion cuisine is somewhat overpriced (mains around €30–45) – but that’s not really why you come. LA TOUR DE MONTLHÉRY (CHEZ DENISE) 5 rue des Prouvaires M Louvre-Rivoli/ Châtelet T 01.42.36.21.82. Mon–Fri noon–3pm & 7.30pm–5am; closed mid-July to mid-Aug. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D15 An old-style Les Halles bistrot, packed with diners at long tables tucking into substantial meaty French dishes, such as haddock in a beurre blanc sauce with perfectly cooked chips. Mains around €25. Bars A LA CLOCHE DES HALLES 28 rue Coquillière M Châtelet-Les Halles/ Louvre. Noon–10pm; closed Sat eve & Sun. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP C14 Te bell hanging over this wine bar once marked the end of trading in the market, and the great ambience is due to local vendors who spend their of-duty hours here. Fine wines are best sampled with the jambon d’Auvergne or one of their delectable cheeses, all reasonably priced. KONG 5th ﬂoor, 1 rue du Pont Neuf M Pont Neuf T 01.40.39.09.00. Daily 12.30pm–2am, club Fri & Sat 11pm–3am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP C15 A lif whisks you up to this cool, Philippe Starck-designed bar-restaurant atop the fagship Kenzo building. Te decor is new Japan meets old: geisha girls and manga cartoons. Happy hour daily 6–8pm. Cocktails €15. LE PETIT MARCEL 63 rue Rambuteau M Rambuteau. Daily 10am–1am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15 A bustling place with tiled foors, a jazz soundtrack and about eight square metres of drinking space. Te dining area serves cheap, flling dishes such as sausages with mustard. Mains €10.50–13. Live music LE DUC DES LOMBARDS 42 rue des Lombards M Châtelet T 01.42.33.22.88, W www.ducdeslombards.com. Mon–Sat until 3am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D15 Stylish jazz club with nightly performances from 9pm of gypsy jazz, blues, ballads and fusion. Most gigs €23 or €25. LE SUNSET & LE SUNSIDE 60 rue des Lombards M Châtelet T 01.40.26.46.20, W www.sunset-sunside.com. Daily 9pm–2.30am. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP D15 Two clubs in one: Le Sunside on the ground foor features mostly traditional jazz; while the downstairs Sunset is a venue for electric and fusion jazz. Admission €10–25. K O N G 84 T H E M A R A I S MUSÉE D’ART ET D’HISTOIRE DU JUDAÏSME 71 rue du Temple M Rambuteau T 01.53.01.86.53, W www.mahj.org. Mon–Fri 11am–6pm, Sun 10am–6pm. €6.80. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 Housed in the attractively restored Hôtel de Saint-Aignan, the Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme traces Jewish culture and history, mainly in France. Te result is a comprehensive collection, as educational as it is beautiful. Highlights include a Gothic- style Hanukkah lamp, one of the very few French-Jewish artefacts to survive from the period before the expulsion of the Jews from France in 1394; an Italian gilded circumcision chair from the seventeenth century; and a completely intact late-nineteenth-century Austrian Sukkah, a temporary dwelling for the celebration of the harvest. Te museum also holds the Dreyfus archives, with one room devoted to the notorious Dreyfus afair. Te wrongful conviction of Captain Alfred Dreyfus caused deep divisions in French society, stoking up anticlerical, socialist sympathies on the one hand and conservative, anti-Semitic feelings on the other. Te last few rooms contain a signifcant collection of paint- ings and sculpture by Jewish artists – Marc Chagall, Samuel The Marais Full of splendid old mansions, narrow lanes and buzzing bars and restaurants, the Marais is one of the most seductive areas of central Paris, known for its sophistication and artsy leanings, and for being the neighbourhood of choice for gay Parisians. The quarter also boasts a concentration of ﬁne museums, not least among them the Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme, the Maison Européenne de la Photographie and the Carnavalet history museum, all set in handsome Renaissance buildings. W E D D I N G R I N G S , M U S É E D ’ A R T E T D ’ H I S T O I R E D U J U D A Ï S M E 85 T H E M A R A I S Hirszenberg, Chaïm Soutine and Jacques Lipchitz – who came to live in Paris at the beginning of the twentieth century. Te Holocaust is only briefy touched on, since it’s dealt with in depth by the Mémorial de la Shoah (see p.90). HÔTEL SOUBISE ET HÔTEL DE ROHAN 60 rue des Francs-Bourgeois M Rambuteau/ St-Paul W www.archivesnationales.culture .gouv.fr. Mon & Wed–Fri 10am–12.30pm & 2–5.30pm, Sat & Sun 2–5.30pm. €3. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 Te entire block enclosed by rue des Quatre Fils, rue des Archives, rue Vieille-du-Temple and rue des Francs-Bourgeois, was once flled by a magnifcent early eighteenth-century palace complex. Only half remains, but it is utterly splendid, especially the colonnaded courtyard of the Hôtel Soubise, with its Rococo interiors and vestigial fourteenth-century towers on rue des Quatre Fils. Te hôtel houses the city archives and mounts changing exhibitions. Te adjacent Hôtel de Rohan is also ofen used for exhibitions from the archives and has more fne interiors, including the Chinese-inspired Cabinet des Singes, whose walls are painted with monkeys acting out various aristocratic scenes. MUSÉE PICASSO 5 rue de Thorigny M Chemin Vert/St-Paul T 01.42.71.25.21, W www.musee-picasso.fr. Daily except Tues: April–Sept 9.30am–6pm; Oct–March 9.30am–5.30pm. €8.50, under-18s free, free for everyone ﬁrst Sun of month. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G15 Behind the elegant classical facade of the seventeenth- century Hôtel Salé lies the Musée Picasso, closed until February 2012 for a major renovation. Te museum is home to the largest collection of Picassos anywhere, represent ing almost all the major periods of the artist’s life from 1905 onwards. Many of the works were owned by Picasso and on his death in 1973 were seized by the state in lieu of taxes owed. Te result is an unedited body of work, which, although perhaps not among the most recognizable of Picasso’s masterpieces, provides an insight into the person behind the myth. Some of the most engaging works on display are his more personal ones, for example the contrasting portraits of his lovers Dora Maar and Marie-Térèse. Te museum also holds a substantial number of Picasso’s ceramics and sculptures, some of which he created from recycled household objects. E X H I B I T A T T H E M U S É E P I C A S S O 86 T H E M A R A I S SQ. DU G. MORIN SQUARE A. SCHWEITZER PLACE E. MICHELET PLACE GEORGES POMPIDOU PLACE ST-GERVAIS PLACE DE L’HOTEL DE VILLE SQ. STE-CROIX DE LA BRETONNERIE PL. DU BATAILLON FRANCAIS DE L’O.N.U. EN COREE R U E D E S N O N N A I N S D ’ H Y E R E S R U E D U P O N T L O U I S - P H I L I P P E R U E D E L A C O L O M B E R . D E S U R S I N S R U E S T - D E N I S P G E B A R R O I S R U E D U B O U R G L ' A B B E R U E G E O F F R O Y L ’ A N G E V I N R U E S I M O N L E F R A N C R U E S T - M E R R I P G E D U C O M M E R C E S T - M A R T IN R U E B . D E C L A IR V A U X P G E B R A N T O M E R U E B R I S E M I C H E R . P E C Q U A Y R . D U P L A T R E R U E D E M O U S S Y R U E D E S F O N TA IN E S D U T E M P L E P G E A L O M B E R T R U E L L E S O U R D I S R U E D E S R O S I E R S R U E D E S E C O U F F E S R . D U T R E S O R R . C L O C H E P E R C E R . A U B R I O T R U E D E S G U I L L E M I T E S R U E F . D U V A L R . D E F O U R C Y R U E D U P R E V O T R U E D U F A U C O N N I E R R . D E L ’ A V E M A R I A R . D E J O U Y R U E V I E I L L E D U T E M P L E R U E D E S B L A N C S M A N T E A U X R U E D E P A L E S T R O R U E Q U I N C A M P O I X R U E Q U I N C A M P O I X R . D U G R E N IE R S T - L A Z A R E PGE DU BOURG L’ABBE V O I E G E O R G E S P O M P I D O U P O R T D E S C E L E S T IN S P O R T D E L ’ H O T E L D E V I L L E P O N T L O U I S - P H I L I P P E P O N T D ' A R C O L E Q U A I A U X F L E U R S C H A N O I N E S S E R U E R U E D E S B A R R E S R U E G R E N E T A R U E P O R T E F O I N R U E D E B R A Q U E R U E D E S V E R T U S R U E C H A P O N R U E A U M A I R E R U E D E S G R A V I L L I E R S R U E D E M O N T M O R E N C Y R U E D E L A V E R R E R I E R U E D U R O I D E S I C I L E R U E S T - M A R T I N R U E A U B R Y L E B O U C H E R R U E S T E - C R O I X D E L A B R E T O N N E R I E PL. I GOR STRAVI NSKY R U E P A S T O U R E L L E R U E D E L ’ H O T E L D E V I L L E R . D U F I G U I E R R . T I R O N R U E D U B O U R G T I B O U R G R U E G . L ’ A S N I E R R U E S T - B O N Q U A I D ’ A N J O U R U E S T - M A R T I N R U E D E L O B A U R U E M . L E C O M T E R U E D U T E M P L E R UE FRANÇO I S M I R O N R U E D E S A R C H I V E S R U E D E S A R C H I V E S R U E D E S F R A N C S B O U R G E O I S R U E R A M B U T E A U R U E D E S 4 F I L S H A U D R I E T T E S R U E D E S R U E D U T E M P L E R . A U X O U R S R U E D U T E M P L E Q U A I D E L ’ H O T E L D E V I L L E Q U A I D E S R U E D E R I V O L I B O U L E V A R D D E S E B A S T O P O L R U E D E T U R B I G O R U E R E A U M U R R U E D U R E N A R D R U E B E A U B O U R G Assistance Publique Hôtel de Ville Mairie de Paris St-Gervais St-Protais Mémorial de la Shoah Maison Européene de la Photographie Archives Nationales Les Bains du Marais Hôtel de Rohan Notre-Dame des Blancs-Manteaux Hôtel Soubise Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaisme St-Merri Centre Pompidou Atelier Brancusi Galerie Marian Goodman Hôtel de Lauzun Quai de l'Hôtel de Ville PONT MARIE HÔTEL DE VILLE ST-PAUL RAMBUTEAU ARTS ET MÉTIERS ACCOMMODATION SHOPS Hôtel du Bourg Tibourg Hôtel de la Bretonnerie Hôtel Caron de Beaumarchais Hôtel Central Marais Grand Hôtel Jeanne d’Arc Le Fauconnier Le Fourcy Maubuisson Hôtel de Nice Hôtel Pavillon de la Reine Hôtel du Petit Moulin Hôtel St Louis Marais Archives de la Presse Célis Dominique Picquier Joséphine Vannier Mariage Frères Papier Plus Sacha Finkelsztajn Swildens Vincent Jalbert et Yves Andrieux 4 5 3 8 6 9 7 2 1 4 2 7 3 8 11 10 9 6 5 1 12 The Marais 87 T H E M A R A I S SQUARE DU TEMPLE SQUARE H. GALLI SQUARE LOUIS XIII SQUARE DE L’AVE MARIA SQ. LEOPOLD ACHILLE SQUARE G. CAIN PL. DU MARCHE STE-CATHERINE R U E P A V E E R U E D E S J A R D I N S S T - P A U L R . S P U L L E R R . D ’O R M E S S O N R . D U P U I S R U E D E P I C A R D I E R U E D E S A R Q U E B U S I E R S R U E S T E - A N A S T A S E R . D E T H O R I G N Y R U E D E S F I L L E S D U C A L V A I R E R . C O M M I N E S R . D E J A R E N T E C O U R B ER A R D I M P A S S E G U E M E N E E R U E D E B I R A G U E R . D E M A L T E R . A P P E R T P G E S T E - A N N E P O P IN C O U R T R . N E U V E S T - P I E R R E R U E R . V E R L O M M E R . D E B E L L E Y M E R U E D E M A L T E R U E D E H E S R E R U E D U P E T I T T H O U A R S R U E P E R R E E PLACE PASDELOUP RUE ST- CLAUDE R . D E B E L L E Y M E PLACE DE THORIGNY R . C A F F E R E L R . D E S A I N T O N G E R U E D E B E A U C E R U E B A R B E T T E R U E V I E I L L E D U T E M P L E R U E D U P A R C R O Y A L R U E D E L A P E R L E R U E E L Z E V I R R U E P A Y E N N E R U E M A H L E R R U E D E S E V I G N E R . D U P O N T A U X C H O U X R U E D E P O I TO U R U E C H A R L E M A G N E R U E C A S T E X R U E D E S M I N I M E S R U E C H A R L E S V R . D E S L I O N S S T - P A U L R U E B E A U T R E I L L I S R . D U F O I N R U E D E B E A R N R U E D E N O R M A N D I E R U E C H A R L O T R U E C H A R L O T P A S S A G E S T - P IE R R E A M E L O T R U E D E S A I N T O N G E A L L É E V E R T E R U E P E L É E R U E S T - S E B A S T I E N P A S S A G E S T - S E B A S T IE N R . D E C R U S S O L R U E A M E L O T R . D U P E R C H E R U E D E S T O U R N E L L E S R U E S T - S A B I N R . L A C O R D E R I E R U E A M E L O T R U E J E A N - P I E R R E T I M B A U D R U E D E L A C E R I S A I E R U E S T - G I L L E S R U E S A I N T - P A U L P L ACE DE S V OS GE S R U E F R O I S S A R T R U E D E B R E T A G N E R U E D E S F R A N C S B O U R G E O I S S R U E D E T U R E N N E R U E D E T U R E N N E R U E B E R A N G E R R U E D U P E T I T M U S C R U E O B E R K A M P F R U E D U C H E M I N V E R T R U E D E T U R E N N E B L V D D E S F I L L E S D U C A L V A I R E C E L E S T I N S R U E S T - A N T O I N E B O U L E V A R D B E A U M A R C H A I S B O U L E V A R D D U T E M P L E B O U L E V A R D V O L T A I R E B O U L E V A R D H E N R I I V Hôtel de Sully St-Paul- St-Louis Maison de Victor Hugo Musée Cognacq-Jay Musée Carnavalet Musée Picasso Carreau du Temple Galerie Yvon Lambert Galerie Emmanuel Perrotin Galerie Karsten Greve Galerie Chantal Crousel Galerie Yellow Korner CHEMIN VERT ST-SÉBASTIEN FROISSART FILLES DU CALVAIRE OBERKAMPF M A R A I S RESTAURANTS CAFÉS BARS CLUBS & LIVE MUSIC Ambassade d’Auvergne Au Bourguignon du Marais Chez Marianne Chez Nénesse Chez Omar Le Dôme du Marais Le Pamphlet Le Potager du Marais Le Rouge Gorge Au Vin des Pyrénées L’Attirail Le Tango L’As du Fallafel Café Charlot Le Loir dans la Théière Mariage Frères Andy Wahloo Le Carré The Lizard Lounge Le Mixer La Perle Le Petit Fer à Cheval Raidd La Tartine 4 20 13 6 2 9 5 7 21 22 14 3 18 15 1 12 17 11 8 16 10 19 1 2 100 metres 0 100 yards 0 N 88 T H E M A R A I S T H E M U S É E C O G N A C Q - J A Y MUSÉE COGNACQ-JAY 8 rue Elzévir M St-Paul T 01.40.27.07.21. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Free. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G16 Te compact Musée Cognacq- Jay occupies the fne Hôtel Donon. Te Cognacq-Jay family built up the Samaritaine department store and were noted philanthropists and lovers of European art. Teir collection of eighteenth- century pieces on show includes a handful of works by Canaletto, Fragonard, Rubens and Rembrandt, as well as an exquisite still life by Chardin, displayed in beautifully carved wood-panelled rooms flled with Sèvres porcelain and Louis XV furniture. MUSÉE CARNAVALET 23 rue de Sévigné M St-Paul T 01.44.59.58.58, W www.carnavalet .paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Free. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G16 Te fascinating Musée Carnavalet charts the history of Paris from its origins up to the belle époque through a huge and extraordinary collection of paintings, sculptures, decora- tive arts and archeological fnds, occupying over 140 rooms. Te museum’s setting in two beautiful Renaissance mansions, Hôtel Carnavalet and Hôtel Le Peletier, surrounded by attractive formal gardens, is worth a visit in itself. Among the highlights on the ground foor, devoted largely to the early history of Paris, is the orangery, housing a signifcant collection of Neolithic fnds, including a number of wooden pirogues unearthed during the redevelopment of the Bercy riverside area in the 1990s. On the frst foor, decorative arts feature strongly, with numerous re-created salons and boudoirs full of richly sculpted wood panelling and tapestries from the time of Louis XII to Louis XVI. Room 21 is devoted to the famous letter-writer Madame de Sévigné, who lived in the Carnavalet mansion and wrote a series of letters to her daughter, which vividly portray her privileged lifestyle under the reign of Louis XIV. Rooms 128 to 148 are largely devoted to the belle époque, evoked through numerous paintings of the period and some wonderful Art Nouveau interiors, among which is the sumptuous peacock-green interior designed by Alphonse Mucha for Fouquet’s jewellery shop in the rue Royal. Also well preserved is José-Maria Sert’s Art Deco ballroom, with its extravagant gold-leaf decor and grand-scale 89 T H E M A R A I S S T A T U E O F L O U I S X I V A T T H E M U S É E C A R N A V A L E T paintings, including one of the Queen of Sheba with a train of elephants. Nearby is a section on literary life at the beginning of the twentieth century, including a reconstruction of Proust’s cork-lined bedroom (room 147). Te second foor has rooms full of mementoes of the French Revolution. THE JEWISH QUARTER: RUE DES ROSIERS M St-Paul. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 Te narrow, pedestrianized rue des Rosiers has been the city’s Jewish quarter ever since the twelfh century. Despite the incursion of trendy boutiques, it just about manages to retain a Jewish favour, with the odd delicatessen, kosher food shop and Hebrew bookstore, as well as a number of falafel takeaways – testimony to the infuence of the North African Sephardim, who, since the end of World War II, have sought refuge here from the uncertainties of life in the former French colonies. PLACE DES VOSGES M St-Paul. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G16 A grand square of handsome pink brick and stone mansions built over arcades, the place des Vosges is a masterpiece of aristocratic elegance and the frst example of planned development in the history of Paris. It was built by Henri IV and inaugurated in 1612 for the wedding of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria; a replica of Louis’ statue stands hidden by chestnut trees in the middle of the grass-and-gravel gardens at the square’s centre. Today, well-heeled Parisians pause in the arcades to browse art, antique and clothing shops, and lunch alfresco in the restaurants while buskers play classical music. Unusually for Paris, you’re allowed to sprawl on the grass in the garden. Hammams H ammams, or Turkish baths, are one of the unexpected delights of Paris. Much more luxurious than the standard Swedish sauna, these are places to linger and chat, and you can usually pay extra for a massage and a gommage – a rubdown with a rubber glove – followed by mint tea to recover. One of the most attractive is to be found at Les Bains du Marais (31–33 rue des Blancs-Manteaux M Rambuteau/St-Paul T 01.44.61.02.02, W www.lesbainsdumarais.com), as much a posh health club as a hammam, with a chichi clientele and glorious interior. Sauna and steam room entry costs €35 for two hours; massage/gommage is €35 extra. There are exclusive sessions for women (Mon 11am–8pm, Tues 11am–11pm, Wed 10am–7pm) and men (Thurs 11am–11pm, Fri 10am–8pm), as well as mixed sessions (Wed 7–11pm, Sat 10am–8pm, Sun 11am–11pm), for which you have to bring a swimsuit. 90 T H E M A R A I S M A I S O N D E V I C T O R H U G O MAISON DE VICTOR HUGO Place des Vosges M St-Paul T 01.42.72.10.16. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm, closed hols. Free. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G17 Among the many celebrities who made their homes in place des Vosges was Victor Hugo; his house, at no. 6, where he wrote much of Les Misérables, is now a museum, the Maison de Victor Hugo. Hugo’s life is evoked through a sparse collec- tion of memorabilia, portraits and photographs. What the museum conveys, though, is an idea of his prodigious creativity: as well as being a prolifc writer, he enjoyed drawing and designed his own furniture. Some of his sketches and Gothic-style furniture are on display, and a Chinese-style dining room that he designed for his house in Guernsey is re-created in its entirety. HÔTEL DE SULLY 62 rue St-Antoine M St-Paul Tues–Fri noon–7pm, Sat & Sun 10am–7pm. €7. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G17 Te exquisite Renaissance Hôtel de Sully is the sister site to the Jeu de Paume (see p.50), and mounts temporary photographic exhibitions, usually on social, historical or anthropological themes. Te mansion’s formal garden, with its orangery and park benches, makes for a peaceful rest stop. THE QUARTIER ST-PAUL- ST-GERVAIS M St-Paul. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E16–F17 Te southern section of the Marais, below rues de Rivoli and St-Antoine, is quieter than the northern part and has some picturesque corners. One of these is cobbled rue des Barres, perfumed with the scent of roses from nearby gardens and the occasional waf of incense from the church of St-Gervais-St-Protais, a late Gothic construction that looks somewhat battered on the outside owing to a direct hit from a shell fred from a Big Bertha howitzer in 1918. Its interior contains some lovely stained glass, carved misericords and a seventeenth- century organ – Paris’s oldest. MÉMORIAL DE LA SHOAH 17 rue Geoffroy l’Asnier M St-Paul/ Pont-Marie T 01.42.77.44.72, W www .memorialdelashoah.org. Mon–Fri & Sun 10am–6pm, Thurs until 10pm. Free. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F17 Since 1956 this has been the site of the Mémorial du Martyr Juif Inconnu (Memorial to an 91 T H E M A R A I S Unknown Jewish Martyr), a sombre crypt containing a large black marble star of David. In 2005 President Chirac opened a new museum here and unveiled a Wall of Names: four giant slabs of marble engraved with the names of the 76,000 Jews sent to death camps from 1942 to 1944. Te excellent museum gives an absorbing account of the history of Jews in France, and especially Paris, during the German occupation. Tere are last letters from deportees to their families, videotaped testimonies from survivors, numerous ID cards and photos. Te museum ends with the Mémorial des Enfants, an overwhelming collection of photos of 2500 French children, each with the dates of their birth and their deportation. MAISON EUROPÉENNE DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE 5–7 rue de Fourcy M St-Paul T 01.44.78.75.00, W www.mep-fr.org. Wed–Sun 11am–8pm. €6.50, free Wed after 5pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A gorgeous Marais mansion, the early eighteenth-century Hôtel Hénault de Cantobre, has been turned into a vast and serene space dedicated to the art of contemporary photo- graphy. Temporary shows are combined with a revolving exhibition of the Maison’s permanent collection; young photographers and news photographers get a look-in, as well as artists using photo- graphy in multimedia creations or installation art. HÔTEL DE VILLE M Rambuteau/Hotel-de-Ville. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E16 Te Hôtel de Ville, the seat of the city’s mayor, is a mansion of gargantuan proportions in forid neo-Renaissance style, modelled pretty much on the previous building burned down during the Commune in 1871. Te huge square in front of the Hôtel de Ville, a notorious guillotine site during the Revolution, becomes the location of a popular ice-skating rink from December to February; it’s particularly magical at night. It’s open till midnight at weekends, and skate hire is around €5. THE HAUT MARAIS MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F14/15–G14/15 Te northern part of the Marais, the “haut Marais”, is currently the favoured strolling ground of bobo (bourgeois- bohemian) Parisians, drawn by the contemporary art galleries, chichi design shops and fashion boutiques, especially along rue Charlot and rue de Poitou. Te main thoroughfare is rue de Bretagne, with its bustling cafés and traditional shops such as cheesemongers, bakeries and cofee merchants. Te adjacent Marché des Enfants-Rouges, one of the smallest and oldest food markets in Paris (Tues–Sat 8.30am–1pm and 4–7.30pm, Sun 8.30am–2pm), dating back to 1616, makes a good lunchtime stop. T H E H Ô T E L D E V I L L E 92 T H E M A R A I S Shops ARCHIVES DE LA PRESSE 51 rue des Archives M Rambuteau. Mon–Fri 10.30am–7pm, Sat 11.30am–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 A fascinating shop for a browse, trading in old French newspapers and magazines – vintage Vogues and the like. CÉLIS 72 rue Vieille du Temple M St-Paul. Mon–Sat 11am–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 A tiny shop, selling irresistible brightly coloured hand-knitted children’s fnger puppets, such as the complete cast of characters for Little Red Riding Hood, including bespectacled grandma and slavering wolf. DOMINIQUE PICQUIER 10 rue Charlot M Filles du Calvaire. Tues–Fri 11am–7.30pm, Sat 2.30–7.30pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 “A tribute from the town to the country” is how this textile designer describes her beautiful hand-printed fabrics of swirling orchids, delicate mimosas and daisies. She also does a stylish range of accessories, such as tote bags, purses and travel bags, starting from around €40. JOSÉPHINE VANNIER 4 rue du Pas de la Mule M Bastille. Tues–Sat 11am–1pm & 2–7pm, Sun 2.30–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP H16 Tis inventive chocolatier sells chocolate-shaped accordions, violins, books, Eifel Towers and Arcs de Triomphe – exquisite creations, almost too perfect to eat. Prices are reasonable, from around €18. MARIAGE FRÈRES 30 rue du Bourg-Tibourg M Hôtel-de-Ville. Shop daily 10.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 Hundreds of teas, neatly packed in tins, line the foor-to-ceiling shelves of this venerable tea emporium and salon de thé (see p.96). PAPIER PLUS 9 rue du Pont-Louis-Philippe M Hôtel-de-Ville. Mon–Sat noon–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 Fine-quality colourful stationery, including notebooks, photo albums and artists’ portfolios, with prices starting from around €20. SACHA FINKELSZTAJN 27 rue des Rosiers M Hôtel-de-Ville. Daily except Tues 10am–7pm; closed mid-July to mid-Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A marvellous Jewish deli for takeaway snacks and goodies: Eastern European breads, apple strudel, geflte fsh, aubergine purée, tarama, blinis and borscht. SWILDENS 22 rue de Poitou M Saint-Sébastien Froissart. Mon–Sat 10am–7.30pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G15 Womenswear designer Juliette Swildens makes well-cut, afordable clothes, with a hint of rock’n’roll. Typical pieces are of-the-shoulder smocks, slouchy sweatshirts, baggy harem pants and layered knits. M A R I A G E F R È R E S 93 T H E M A R A I S VINCENT JALBERT ET YVES ANDRIEUX 55 rue Charlot M Filles du Calvaire. Mon–Fri 10am–1pm & 2–7pm, Sat 11am–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G14 It’s hard to believe these beautiful clothes (each piece is unique and costs from around €400) were made from recycled army uniforms from the 1950s. Te tailored jackets and long coats are particularly stylish and pair well with the founcy skirts made from recycled parachutes and tents. A more afordable range of attractive bags is also available, as well as panama hats in 1960s fabrics. S W I L D E N S B O U T I Q U E Galleries T he Marais, and the Haut Marais in particular, is where most of the city’s commercial art galleries are concentrated. Many occupy handsome old houses, set back from the road and reached via a cobbled courtyard. The following are some of the highlights; entry to all is free. Typical opening hours are Tues–Sat 11am–7pm. Galerie Chantal Crousel 10 rue Charlot M Filles du Calvaire; T 01.42.77.38.87, W www.crousel.com. Displays the work of emerging (notably video) artists from France and abroad. Galerie Emmanuel Perrotin 76 rue de Turenne M St-Sébastien Froissart; T 01.42.16.79.79, W www.galerieperrotin.com. Idiosyncratic gallery that has exhibited French artists like Sophie Calle as well as international names such as Takashi Murakami. Galerie Karsten Greve 5 rue Debelleyme M St-Sébastien Froissart; T 01.42.77.19.37, W www.artnet.com/kgreve.html. Paris branch of the German gallery, showing the work of world-class artists like Louise Bourgeois. Galerie Marian Goodman 79 rue du Temple M Rambuteau; T 01.48.04.70.52, W www.mariangoodman.com. This offshoot of the famed New York gallery recently exhibited Gerhard Richter and Turner Prize-winner Steve McQueen. Galerie Yellow Korner 8 rue des Francs Bourgeois M St-Paul; T 01.49.96.50.23, W www.yellowkorner.com. Contemporary photography gallery with outposts throughout Europe, showcasing both established and up-and-coming talent. Galerie Yvon Lambert 108 rue Vieille du Temple M Filles du Calvaire; T 01.42.71.09.33, W www.yvon-lambert.com. A major player for more than 30 years: the likes of Andres Serrano, Giulio Paolini and Andy Warhol have all been exhibited here in recent years. 94 T H E M A R A I S Restaurants AMBASSADE D’AUVERGNE 22 rue du Grenier St-Lazare M Rambuteau T 01.42.72.31.22. Daily noon–2pm & 7.30–10pm; closed three weeks in Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E14 Suited, moustachioed waiters serve scrumptious Auvergnat cuisine that would have made Vercingetorix proud. Tere’s a set menu for €38, but you may well be tempted by some of the house specialities such as the roast Marvejols lamb. Among the afer-dinner treats are a cheese plate and divine profteroles. AU BOURGUIGNON DU MARAIS 52 rue François Miron M St-Paul T 01.48.87.15.40. Mon–Fri noon–3pm & 8–11pm; closed two weeks in Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A relaxed restaurant with attractive contemporary decor and tables outside in summer, serving excellent Burgundian cuisine (snails with parsley and garlic, boeuf bourguignon, pike perch with pinot noir) with wines to match. Mains €15–25, wine from €20. CHEZ MARIANNE 2 rue des Hospitalières-Saint-Gervais M St-Paul T 01.42.72.18.86. Daily noon–10.30pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 Tis homely place with cheery red awnings and a cosy, bustling dining room specializes in Middle Eastern and Jewish delicacies, with plenty of vegetarian options. A platter of mezze for two (from €26) might include tabbouleh, aubergine purée, chopped liver and hummus, and there’s a good selection of wines. You can sit outside in fne weather, and the place stays open throughout the summer. CHEZ NÉNESSE 17 rue Saintonge M Filles-du-Calvaire T 01.42.78.46.49. Mon–Fri noon–2.30pm & 8–10.30pm; closed Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G15 Steak in bilberry sauce, scallops with endive and fgs stufed with cream of almonds are just some of the unique delights on ofer at this welcoming restau- rant, along with home-made chips on Tursday lunchtimes. Look out for the restaurant’s own comic strip in the window. Mains €13–19. CHEZ OMAR 47 rue de Bretagne M Temple/ Filles-du-Calvaire T 01.42.72.36.26. Mon–Sat noon–2.30pm & 7–11.30pm, Sun 7–11.30pm; no credit cards. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G14 No reservations are taken at this popular North African couscous restaurant, but it’s no hardship to wait for a table at the bar, taking in the handsome old brasserie decor, fashionable crowd and spirited atmosphere. Portions are copious and the couscous light and fufy. Te merguez (spicy sausage) costs €13, or go all out for the royal (€24), though don’t expect to have any room lef aferwards for the sticky cakes. A M B A S S A D E D ' A U V E R G N E 95 T H E M A R A I S LE DÔME DU MARAIS 53 rue des Francs-Bourgeois M Rambuteau T 01.42.74.54.17. Tues–Sat noon–2.30pm & 7.30–11pm; closed three weeks in Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 A charming, romantic restau- rant in an unusual setting: a high-ceilinged Neo classical glass-domed room. Te refned French cuisine rises to the occasion, and there are unexpected extras like amuse- bouches. Perfect for a special meal without paying over the odds, but make sure you book a seat under the dome, otherwise you might end up in the less interesting ante-room. Menus €36 and €65. LE PAMPHLET 38 rue Debelleyme M Filles du Calvaire T 01.42.72.39.24. Mon 8–10.30pm, Tues–Fri noon–2pm & 8–10.30pm, Sat 8–10.30pm. Closed two weeks mid-Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G15 One of the Marais’ best oferings, where the cuisine is haute, but the prices aren’t. Te three-course menu at €35 might include such delicacies as duck croquettes, smoked magret de canard and tomato with cumin for starters, and pork fllet, chorizo and prunes with lentil salad for mains. Te dining room is comfy and elegant, and the staf very welcoming. LE POTAGER DU MARAIS 22 rue Rambuteau M Rambuteau T 01.42.74.24.66. Mon–Fri noon–3pm & 6–10.30pm, Sat & Sun noon–10.30pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E15 Come early or book in advance for a place at this organic vegetarian restaurant, with only 25 covers at a long communal table. Tere’s plenty for vegans, too. Dishes include goat’s cheese with honey and “crusty” quinoa burger. Set menu €25. LE ROUGE GORGE 8 rue St-Paul M St-Paul T 01.48.04.75.89. Mon–Sat noon–3pm & 7–11pm. Closed last fortnight in Aug. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G17 Friendly wine bar and restaurant with exposed stone walls and jazz or classical music playing in the background. It’s devoted to exploring a wide range of wines: one week it might be Corsica, the next Spain or the Loire, and the theme is taken up in the frequently changing menu. Mains around €18. AU VIN DES PYRÉNÉES 25 rue Beautreillis M St-Paul/Bastille T 01.42.72.64.94. Daily noon–3pm & 7.30–10.30pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G17 A bustling, traditional bistrot, popular with a youngish, relaxed crowd jostling for elbow room around wooden tables with white-and-red checked tablecloths. Te classic French fare ranges from huge steaks to gigantic salads of melon, ham, lentils, pâté and other goodies. Mains cost around €18. L E D Ô M E D U M A R A I S 96 T H E M A R A I S Cafés L’AS DU FALLAFEL 34 rue des Rosiers M St-Paul. Mon–Thurs & Sun noon–midnight. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 Te sign above the doorway of this falafel shop in the Jewish quarter reads “Toujours imité, jamais égalé” (“always copied, but never equalled”), a boast that few would challenge, given the queues outside. Falafels to take away cost €5, or pay a bit more and sit in the buzzing little dining room. CAFÉ CHARLOT 38 rue de Bretagne M Filles du Calvaire. Daily 7am–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G14 You’ll need to fght for a seat on the terrace of this white-tiled retro-chic café, which bursts at the seams on weekends with local hipsters and in-the-know tourists. Te food – a mix of French and American standards – is not that special, but it’s a great place for a drink and a spot of people-watching. LE LOIR DANS LA THÉIÈRE 3 rue des Rosiers M St-Paul. Mon–Fri 11am–7pm, Sat & Sun 10am–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A characterful salon de thé decorated with antique toys and Alice in Wonderland murals. It’s a popular spot for meeting friends and lounging about on battered sofas, while feasting on delicious home-made cakes or excellent vegetarian quiches. Sunday brunch (€16–25) is particularly busy. MARIAGE FRÈRES 30 rue du Bourg-Tibourg M Hôtel-de-Ville. Daily noon–7pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A classy, colonial-style salon de thé in the Mariages Frères tea emporium, with a choice of over fve hundred brews. Bars ANDY WAHLOO 69 rue des Gravilliers M Arts-et-Métiers. Tues–Sat 6pm–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E14 Great little bar decked out in colourful Arabic Pop Art-inspired decor, and playing a wide range of dance music. Delicious mezze appetizers are served until midnight, and cocktails include the Wahloo Special (rum, lime, ginger, banana and cinnamon; €10). LE CARRÉ 18 rue du Temple M Hôtel-de-Ville. Daily 10am–4am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E16 Stylish designer café popular with a sophisticated gay clientele and ofering good food, comfortable chairs, cool lighting, an excellent terrasse on the street, and occasional video projects or fashion shows on the side. THE LIZARD LOUNGE 18 rue du Bourg-Tibourg M Hôtel-de-Ville/ St-Paul. Daily noon–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A loud, lively, stone-walled bar on two levels; American-run and popular with young expats. Choose from around ffy reasonably priced cocktails. A N D Y W A H L O O 97 T H E M A R A I S LE MIXER 23 rue Ste-Croix de la Bretonnerie M Hôtel-de-Ville. Daily 5pm–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 A popular and crowded Marais bar, raising the pulse of gay and straight pre-clubbers with its pounding techno and house soundtrack. LA PERLE 78 rue Vieille du Temple M St-Paul. Mon–Fri 6am–2am, Sat & Sun 8am–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F15 An Emperor’s New Clothes kind of place that maintains a très cool reputation. Always packed with an arty indie crowd drinking cheap beer, despite being somewhat scrufy and playing generic dance music. LE PETIT FER À CHEVAL 30 rue Vieille-du-Temple M St-Paul. Mon–Fri 9am–2am, Sat & Sun 11am–2am; food served noon–midnight. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 An attractive, tiny bar with original fn-de-siècle decor, including a marble-topped bar in the shape of a horseshoe (fer à cheval). Snack on sandwiches or light meals in the little back room furnished with old wooden métro seats. RAIDD 23 rue du Temple M Hôtel-de-Ville. Daily 5pm–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP E15 Te city’s premier gay bar, famous for its sculpted, topless waiters and go-go boys’ shower shows. Straights and non-beautiful people need not apply. LA TARTINE 24 rue de Rivoli M St-Paul. Daily 8am–2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16 Tis traditional bar’s been given a fresh lick of paint, while retaining a distinctive Art Nouveau feel. It draws a refreshing mix of students, pensioners, fashionistas and workmen. Glasses of wine from €3.50, plus light meals including, of course, tartines. Clubs and live music L’ATTIRAIL 9 rue au Maire M Arts-et-Métiers T 01.42.72.44.42. Daily 10am till around 2am. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F14 An intimate little café concerts in the Haut Marais’ Chinatown district. Te tiny back room is the venue for a varied programme of live music – anything from Balkan gyspy music to jazz rock. Music starts around 8 or 9pm. LE TANGO 13 rue au Maire M Arts-et-Métiers W www .boite-a-frissons.fr. Fri & Sat 10.30pm–5am, Sun 6–11pm. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F14 Relaxed, unpretentious (and inexpensive) gay and lesbian club with a traditional Sunday- afernoon tea dance, featuring proper slow dances as well as tangos. Saturday and Friday nights start with anything from camp 1980s disco classics to world music, turning into a full-on club around midnight. L E P E T I T F E R À C H E V A L 98 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S T H E C O L O N N E D E J U I L L E T , P L A C E D E L A B A S T I L L E PLACE DE LA BASTILLE M Bastille. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H17 Te huge and usually trafc- clogged place de la Bastille is where Parisians congregate to celebrate Bastille Day on July 14, though hardly anything survives of the prison – the few remains have been transferred to square Henri-Galli at the end of boulevard Henri-IV. At the centre of the place is a column (Colonne de Juillet) surmounted by a gilded Spirit of Liberty, erected to commemorate not the surrender of the prison, but the July Revolution of 1830 that replaced the autocratic Charles X with the “Citizen King” Louis-Philippe. PLACE D’ALIGRE MARKET M Ledru-Rollin. Tues–Sun 7.30am–1pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 Te place d’Aligre market, between avenue Daumesnil and rue du Faubourg St-Antoine, is a lively, raucous afair, parti- cularly at weekends. Te square itself is given over to clothes and bric-a-brac stalls, selling anything from old gramophone players to odd bits of crockery. It’s along the adjoining rue d’Aligre where the market really comes to life though, with the vendors, many of Algerian origin, doing a frenetic trade in fruit and veg. THE PROMENADE PLANTÉE M Bastille. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L10 Te Promenade Plantée is a stretch of disused railway line, much of it along a viaduct, Bastille and eastern Paris Traditionally working-class areas, with a history of radical and revolutionary activity, Bastille and the districts of Belleville and Ménilmontant further east, are nowadays some of the most diverse and vibrant parts of the city, home to sizeable ethnic populations, as well as students and artists. The area’s most popular attractions are Père-Lachaise cemetery, the ﬁnal resting place of numerous famous artists and writers; the Canal St-Martin, with its trendy cafés and bars; and the vast, postmodern Parc de la Villette. To the south lies Bercy, once the largest wine market in the world, its warehouses now converted into restaurants and bars. 99 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S ingeniously converted into an elevated walkway and planted with trees and fowers. Starting near the beginning of avenue Daumesnil, just south of the Bastille opera house, it is reached via a fight of stone steps – or lifs – with a number of similar access points all the way along. It takes you to the Parc de Reuilly, then descends to ground level and continues nearly as far as the périphérique, from where you can follow signs to the Bois de Vincennes. Te whole walk is around 4.5km long, but if you don’t feel like doing the whole thing you could just walk the frst, most attractive stretch, along the viaduct. THE VIADUC DES ARTS M Bastille. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9–10 Te arches of the Promenade Plantée’s viaduct have been converted into attractive spaces for artisans’ studios and craf shops, collectively known as the Viaduc des Arts, and include furniture and tapestry restorers, interior designers, cabinet-makers, violin- and fute-makers, embroiderers and fashion and jewellery designers. THE BOIS DE VINCENNES M Château de Vincennes. Daily dawn till dusk. POCKET MAP M11 Te Bois de Vincennes is one of the city’s largest green spaces, but it is crisscrossed with roads. Tere are some pleasant corners, including Paris’s best gardens, the Parc Floral (daily: Nov–Jan 9.30am–5pm; Feb and Oct 9.30am–6pm; March and April 9.30am–7pm; May–Sept 9.30am–8pm; €1; W www.parcforaldeparis.com; M Château-de-Vincennes, then bus #112 or a ffeen-minute walk). Flowers are always in bloom in its Jardin des Quatre Saisons, where you can picnic beneath the pines. Between April and September there are art and horticultural exhibi- tions, free music concerts, an adventure ground for children and a mini-golf of Parisian monuments. You can go boating on the Lac Daumesnil, near the Porte Dorée entrance and métro station (line 8), and to the north, at 53 avenue de St-Maurice, is the city’s largest zoo, (closed for renovation in late 2008 and unlikely to re-open before 2014). T H E P A R C F L O R A L , B O I S D E V I N C E N N E S 100 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S SQ. TROUSSEAU V O I E M A Z A S P O R T D E L A R A P É E R U E J E A N B O U T O N R . J E A N B E A U S I R E R U E F R O M E N T R U E D E C H A R E N T O N R U E L A C U E E R U E J U L E S CE S A R R U E B I S C O R N E T C O U R S T - L O U I S R U E P A R R O T P O R T D E P L A I S A N C E D E P A R I S A R S E N A L PLACE RUTEBEUF PLACE MAZAS COUR L. ARMAND PLACE D’ALIGRE PLACE DE LA BASTILLE T O U R N E L L E S R U E D E C H Â L O N P G E S T - B E R N A R D R U E S T - N I C O L A S R U E D E C Î T E A U X RUE CHANZY R U E R I C H A R D L E N O I R R . S T - B E R N A R D R U E D U C H A R O L A I S R U E D E P O M M A R D R U E A M E L O T R U E D E S R U E K E L L E R R U E S E D A I N E R U E B R E G U E T R U E S T - S A B I N R U E S T - S A B I N L A F O R G E R O Y A L E R U E D E R U E B A S F R O I P G E L O U IS - P H IL IP P E R . M O R E A U R U E E R A R D R U E V I L L I O T R . P A U L B E L M O N D O B E R C Y R U E D E T R A V E R S I E R E R U E R . C . B A U D E L A I R E R U E A B E L PLACE HENRI FRESNAY R U E D E C H A R E N T O N R U E D E C H A R E N T O N R U E B E C C A R I A R U E D ’ A L I G R E R U E D E C O T T E V I A D U C D E S A R T S P G E D E L A M A I N D ’ O R R . J U L E S V A L L E S R U E P O P I N C O U R T D A L L E R Y R U E D E L A R O Q U E T T E B L V D D E B E R C Y R U E F A I D H E R B E R U E G O D E F R O Y C A V A I G N A C R U E D U C H E M I N V E R T A V E P A R M E N T I E R R U E C R O Z A T I E R R U E T R O U S S E A U BLVD DE BERCY R U E D E B E R C Y R U E D E B E R C Y R U E D E R A M B O U I L L E T R U E C H A L I G N Y A V E N U E P I E R R E M E N D E S F R A N C E P A S S A G E A B E L L E B L A N C R. BOULLE P G E C H A R L E S R U E D E S T A I L L A N D I E R S R U E D E L A P P E P G E T H I E R E R. C. DELESCLUZE RUE DU DAHOMEY RUE DE MONTREUIL R . P A U L B E R T R U E J E A N M A C E R U E D E C H A RONNE R U E D E C H A R O N N E P O N T D E B E R C Y P O N T C H A R L E S D E G A U L L E B O U L E V A R D B E A U M A R C H A I S Q U A I D ’ A U S T E R L I T Z Q U A I D E L A R A P É E B L V D B O U R D O N A V E L E D R U - R O L L I N A V E N U E L E D R U - R O L L I N B O U L E V A R D D E L A B A S T I L L E B O U L E V A R D V O L T A I R E B O U L E V A R D R I C H A R D L E N O I R B O U L E V A R D D I D E R O T A V E N U E D A U M E S N I L R U E D U F A U B O U R G S T - A N T O I N E R U E D E L Y O N Q U A I D E B E R C Y Gare d’Austerlitz Palais Omnisports de Paris Bercy Ministère de l'Economie et Ministère des Finances Marché d’Aligre Hôpital St-Antoine Gare de Lyon Opéra Bastille Colonne de Juillet P r o m e n a d e P l a n t é e Gare de Paris-Bercy Cinémathèque Port de l’Arsenal Parc de Bercy GARE D’AUSTERLITZ GARE DE LYON GARE DE LYON LEDRU ROLLIN QUAI DE LA RAPÉE BASTILLE BASTILLE BRÉGUET SABIN CHEMIN VERT QUAI DE LA GARE BERCY FAIDHERBE- CHALIGNY CHARONNE VOLTAIRE R i v e r S e i n e B E R C Y B E R C Y V I L L A G E 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 N Bastille RESTAURANTS BARS ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS SHOPS CLUBS & LIVE MUSIC A la Biche au Bois Bistrot Paul Bert L’Encrier Le Train Bleu Au Vieux Chêne Waly Fay Bar des Ferrailleurs Le Fanfaron Les Marcheurs de Planète SanzSans Hôtel Marais Bastille Nouvel Hôtel Hôtel de la Porte Dorée Le Quartier Bercy Square Le Baron Rouge Café de L’Industrie Pause Café Anne Willi Cécile et Jeanne FNAC Musique Isabel Marant Résonances Café de la Danse Opéra Bastille La Scène Bastille 10 2 5 12 7 11 13 9 3 4 8 1 6 1 4 2 3 5 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 101 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S CHÂTEAU DE VINCENNES M Château-de-Vincennes T 01.48.08.31.20. Daily: May–Aug 10am–6pm; Sept–April 10am–5pm; €8. POCKET MAP M10 On the northern edge of the bois is the Château de Vincennes – erstwhile royal medieval residence, then state prison, porcelain factory, weapons dump and military training school. It presents a rather austere aspect on frst sight, but is worth visiting for its beautiful Flamboyant- Gothic Chapelle Royale, completed in the mid-sixteenth century and decorated with superb Renaissance stained- glass windows. Nearby, in the renovated fourteenth-century donjon (keep), you can see some fne vaulted ceilings and Charles V’s bedchamber, as well as grafti lef by prisoners. BERCY VILLAGE M Cour St-Emilion. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M12 Bercy village is a complex of rather handsome old wine warehouses stylishly converted into shops, restaurants and, appropriately enough, wine bars – popular places to come before or afer a flm at the giant Bercy multiplex cinema at the eastern end of Cour Saint Emilion. PARC DE BERCY M Bercy/Cour St-Emilion. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M12 Te contemporary-style Parc de Bercy incorporates elements of the old warehouse site, such as disused railway tracks and cobbled lanes. Te western section of the park is a fairly unexciting expanse of grass, but the area to the east has arbours, rose gardens, lily ponds and an orangerie. LA CINÉMATHÈQUE FRANÇAISE 51 rue de Bercy M Bercy T 01.71.19.33.33, W www.cinematheque.fr. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M11–12 Te Cinémathèque, a striking glass, zinc and stone building designed by Guggenheim architect Frank Gehry and resembling a falling pack of cards, houses a huge archive of flms dating back to the earliest days of cinema. Regular retro spectives of French and foreign flms are screened in its four cinemas and it also has an engaging museum (Mon and Wed–Sat noon–7pm, Sun 10am–8pm; €5), with lots of early cinematic equipment, silent flm clips and costumes such as the dress worn by Vivienne Leigh in Gone With the Wind. T H E C I N É M A T H È Q U E 102 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S THE CANAL ST-MARTIN MAP P.104, POCKET MAP K4–6 Built in 1825 to enable river trafc to shortcut the great western loop of the Seine around Paris, the Canal St-Martin possesses a great deal of charm, especially along its southern reaches: plane trees line the cobbled quais, and elegant, high-arched footbridges punctuate the spaces between the locks, from where you can still watch the odd barge slowly rising or sinking to the next level. In the last decade or so the area has been colonized by the new arts and media intelligentsia, bringing in their wake trendy bars, cafés and boutiques. Te area is particularly lively on Sunday afernoons when the quais are closed to trafc; pedestrians, cyclists and roller- bladers take over the streets, and people hang out along the canal’s edge. LE 104 104 rue d’Aubervilliers M Ricquet T 01.53.35.50.00, W www.104.fr. Tues–Sun 11am–8pm; free entry to the main hall, entry to the artists’ studios €5. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP K2–L2 Le 104 is a huge, impressive multimedia arts space, converted in 2008 from a nineteenth-century funeral parlour. Tirty-odd new and established artists have been given studios here on condition that they exhibit their work to the public for a certain number of hours a day. Each week has an artistic theme, and there are regular dance and music performances, lectures, exhibitions and other events, some suitable for children; see website for details. Tere’s a good-value pizzeria and cofee shop on site; bookstores, restaurants and boutiques are expected to follow. THE PARC DE LA VILLETTE M Porte-de-Pantin/Porte-de-la-Villette T 01.40.03.75.75, W www.villette.com. Daily 6am–1am. Free. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP M2 Built in 1986 on the site of what was once Paris’s largest abattoir and meat market, the Parc de la Villette’s landscaped grounds include a state-of-the- art science museum, a superb music museum, a series of themed gardens and a number of jarring, bright-red “follies”. Te efect of these numerous, disparate elements can be quite disorienting – all in line with the creators’ aim of eschewing meaning and “deconstructing” the whole into its parts. All very well, but on a practical level you’ll probably want to pick up a map at the informa- tion centre at the southern entrance to help you make sense of it all. Te extensive park grounds contain ten themed gardens, aimed mainly at children. In the Jardin des Miroirs, for example, steel monoliths hidden amongst the trees and scrub cast strange refections, while, predictably, dune-like shapes, sails and T H E C A N A L S T - M A R T I N 103 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S windmills make up the Jardin des Dunes (for under-13s only and accompanying adults). Also popular with children is the eighty-metre-long Dragon Slide. In front of the Cité des Sciences foats the Géode (hourly shows: Tues–Sat 10.30am–8.30pm, Mon 10.30am–6.30pm; €10.50), a bubble of refecting steel that looks as though it’s been dropped from an intergalactic boules game into a pool of water. Inside is a screen for Omnimax flms, not noted for their plots, but a great visual experience. CITÉ DES SCIENCES ET DE L’INDUSTRIE Parc de la Villette M Porte-de-la-Villette W www.cite-sciences.fr. Tues–Sat 10am–6pm, Sun 10am–7pm. €8. Planetarium shows hourly 11am–5pm; 35min; €3. Cité des Enfants T 08.92.69.70.72; sessions Tues–Fri 9.45am, 11.30am, 1.30pm & 3.15pm; Sat & Sun 10.30am, 12.30pm, 2.30pm & 4.30pm; €6. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP M1 Te Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie is one of the world’s fnest science museums, set in a huge building four times the size of the Pompidou Centre. Its walls are made of glass and the centre of the museum is lef open to the full extent of the roof, 40m high. An exce llent programme of temporary exhibitions complements the permanent exhibition, called Explora, covering subjects such as sound, robotics, energy, light, ecology, maths, medicine, space and language. As the name suggests, the emphasis is on exploring, and there are numerous interactive computers, videos, holograms, animated models and games. You can have your head spun further by a session in the planetarium. Te Cité has a special section for children called the Cité des Enfants, with areas for 2- to 7-year-olds and 5- to 12-year-olds; all children must be accompanied by an adult and a session lasts ninety minutes. Among the numerous engaging activities, children can play about with water, construct buildings on a miniature construction site (complete with cranes, hard hats and barrows), expe riment with sound and light and mani pulate robots. I N S I D E T H E P A R C D E L A V I L L E T T E 104 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S SQUARE E .VARLIN SQUARE DE REBEVAL SQUARE RICHARD LENOIR SQ. F. LEMAÎTRE SQ. J. FERRY R U E D IE U R . D U B U I S S O N S T - L O U I S R . D U C H A L E T R U E B O U R E T R . L A U Z I N R . D E S AMBRE E T M EUSE PLACE DE STALINGRAD PLACE DU COLONEL FABIEN PLACE DU DR A. FOURNIER PLACE GENERAL INGOLD R . T A N D O U R . L E O N G IR A U D R U E D E C R I M É E R U E C U R I A L R U E D E L ’ O U R C Q R U E D E L ’ O U R C Q R U E D E T H I O N V I L L E Q U A I D E L A M A R N E R U E S E R V A N REBEVAL R . M O R E T T I M B A U D R U E D E J O I N V I L L E R U E D E L ’ O R IL L O N R . D E T O U R T I L L E R U E P E T I T R U E D ’ H A U T P O U L R U E J U L I E N R U E D U R I S R U E P R A D I E R FESS A R T RUE R U E M E L I N G U E R . D E S A L O U E T T E S RUE DU PLATEAU R U E D E L A V I L L E T T E Q U A I D E L A G I R O N D E Q U A I D E L ’ O I S E R . D E L ’ A R G O N N E R . D E S A R D E N N E S R U E C L A V E L R U E R U E J E A N - P I E R R E R U E D E L A F O L I E M E R I C O U R T SQ. M. GARDETTE E N V I E R G ES R U E D E S R U E P I A T Q U A I D E L A L O I R E PL. DU MAROC G A L E R I E D E L A V I L L E T T E Q U A I D E L A G A R O N N E Q U A I D E L A C H A R E N T E RUE DE L’OURCQ R . M A T H IS R U E D U V E R G I E R R U E J O M A R D R . G E O R G E S A U R IC R U E M E Y N A D I E R A V E J E A N A I C A R D R U E D E S B L U E T S R U E D E S P A N O Y A U X R U E D E S M A R O N I T E S R . D E L ’ A T L A S R . J U L I E T T E D O D U B I C H A T R U E L E O N J O U H A U X R U E D E L A G R A N G E A U X B E L L E S PLACE DE LA REPUBLIQUE R U E D E M E A U X R U E D E M E A U X F O N TA I NE AU ROI R U E D E LA F O N T A I N E A U R O I R U E D E L A R U E O B E R K A M P F R U E D E M E N I L M O N T A N T L A C R O I X S I M O N B O L I V A R A V E L A U M I E R E RU E D E B E L L E V I L L E PYRENEES RUE DES R U E D E C R I M É E R U E D E C R I M É E R U E B O T Z A R I S R U E B O T Z A R I S Q U A I D E V A L M Y R U E M A N I N R U E M A N I N R U E M A N I N R . E D O U A R D P A IL L E R O N R . B E R A N G E R R U E R U E D U C H E M I N V E R T A V E N U E P A R M E N T I E R A V E P A R M E N T I E R O B E R K A M P F R U E D E S C O U R O NN E S R U E S T - M A U R Q U A I D E J E M M A P E S Q U A I D E J E M M A P E S A V E N U E C L A U D E V E L L E F A U X Q U A I D E L A S E I N E R U E D E L ’ A Q U E D U C R. C U R I A L R U E G A S T O N T E S S I E R R U E R I Q U E T R U E D E C R I M É E R U E L O U I S B L A N C R U E S T - M A U R R U E A L IB E R T R U E B L V D J U L E S F E R R Y A V E N U E S E C R E T A N R U E C U R I A L A V E N U E S I MO N B OLIVAR A V E N U E G I R ONDE QU A I DE LA R U E D E T A N G E R R U E A R C H E R E A U R U E D E C A M B R A I AVE N UE M ATHUR IN M O REAU B L V D D E B E L L E V I L L E A V E N U E D E L A R E P U B L I Q U E M E N I L M O N T A N T B O U L E V A R D D E B L V D R I C H A R D R U E A R MA N D C A R R E L R . D E B E L L E V I L L E R U E D U F A U B O U R G D U T E M P L E B L V D D E L A V I L L E T T E R U E D E F L A N D R E A V E N U E J E A N J A U R E S R U E D U F A U B O U R G S T - M A R T I N B O U L E V A R D D E L A V I L L E T T E L E N O I R B L V D V O L T A I R E B L V D V O L T A I R E B L V D D U T E M P L E Hôpital St-Louis Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie Le 104 Quai de la Loire Parc de Belleville Cimetière du Père-Lachaise Parc des Buttes Chaumont Parc de la Villette ST- AMBROISE RUE ST-MAUR PARMENTIER FILLES DU CALVAIRE OBERKAMPF BELLEVILLE COURONNE PYRÉNÉES BUTTES CHAUMONT OURCQ MÉNILMONTANT GONCOURT RÉPUBLIQUE BOLIVAR COLONEL FABIEN JAURÈS JAURÈS LOUIS BLANC LAUMIÈRE RIQUET CRIMÉE PORTE DE LA VILLETTE CORENTIN CARIOU STALINGRAD PÈRE LACHAISE C a n a l S t - M a r t i n B a s s i n d e l a V i l l e t t e L A V I L L E T T E B E L L E V I L L E M E N I L M O N T A N T BARS RESTAURANTS ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS SHOPS CLUBS & LIVE MUSIC 1 4 3 2 1 6 3 2 4 1 5 2 1 Café Charbon Le Cannibale Le Châteaubriand Hôtel Beaumarchais Le Général Hôtel Jules Ferry Hôtel de Nevers St Christopher’s Paris Hôtel Saint Louis Bastille Chez Prune Lulu Berlu Le Nouveau Casino Point Ephémère 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 N Eastern Paris 105 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S MUSÉE DE LA MUSIQUE Cité de la Musique complex, Parc de la Villette M Porte-de-Pantin T 01.44.84.45.00, W www.cite-musique.fr. Tues–Sat noon–6pm, Sun 10am–6pm. €8. POCKET MAP M3 Te Musée de la Musique presents the history of music from the end of the Renaissance to the present day, both visually, exhibiting some 4500 instruments, and aurally, via headsets (available in English; free). Glass cases hold gleaming instruments, each presented in the context of a key work in the history of Western music: as you step past each case, the headphones are programmed to emit a short scholarly narration, followed by a delightful concert. PÈRE-LACHAISE CEMETERY Main entrance on bd de Ménilmontant M Père-Lachaise/Philippe Auguste. Mon–Fri 8am–5.30pm, Sat 8.30am–5.30pm, Sun 9am–5.30pm. Free. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP A20/21–B20/21 Final resting place of a host of French and foreign notables, Père-Lachaise covers some 116 acres, making it one of the world’s largest cemeteries. It’s surely also one of the most atmospheric – an eerily beautiful haven, with terraced slopes and magnifcent old trees spreading their branches over the moss-grown tombs. Free maps are available at the entrance, but it’s worth buying a more detailed one, as some of the graves are tricky to track down; the best is published by Editions Métropolitain Paris (around €2), usually available in the newsagents and forists near the main entrance. Père-Lachaise was opened in 1804 to ease the strain on the city’s overfowing cemeteries and churchyards. Te civil authorities had Molière, La Fontaine, Abélard and Héloïse reburied here, and to be interred in Père-Lachaise quickly acquired cachet. Among the most visited graves is that of Chopin (Division 11), ofen attended by Poles bearing red-and-white wreaths and fowers. Fans also fock to the grave of ex-Doors singer Jim Morrison (Division 6), who died in Paris at the age of 27. One of the most impressive of the individual tombs is Oscar Wilde’s (Division 89), topped with a sculpture by Jacob Epstein of a mysterious Phara- onic winged messenger. Femme fatale Colette’s tomb, close to the main entrance in Division 4, is very plain, though always covered in fowers, whereas Marcel Proust lies in his family’s conventional black marble tomb (Division 85). On a more sombre note, in Division 97 you’ll fnd memorials to the victims of the Nazi concentration camps and to executed Resistance fghters. P È R E - L A C H A I S E C E M E T E R Y 106 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S T H E P A R C D E B E L L E V I L L E PARC DES BUTTES-CHAUMONT M Buttes-Chaumont/Botzaris. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L5–M4 Te Parc des Buttes-Chaumont was constructed under Haussmann in the 1860s to camoufage what until then had been a desolate warren of disused quarries, rubbish dumps and shacks. Out of this rather unlikely setting, a fairy-tale-like park was created – there’s a grotto with a cascade and artifcial stalactites, and a picturesque lake from which a huge rock rises up, topped with a delicate Corinthian temple. From the temple you get fne views of the Sacré-Coeur and beyond, and you can also go boating on the lake in summer. BELLEVILLE M Belleville/Pyrénées. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L5/6–M5/6 Absorbed into Paris in the 1860s and subsequently built up with high-rise blocks to house migrants from rural areas and the ex-colonies, Belleville might not exactly be “belle”, but it’s worth seeing this side of the city. Te main street, rue de Belleville, abounds with Vietnamese, Tai and Chinese shops and restaurants, which spill south along boulevard de Belleville and rue du Faubourg- du-Temple. African and Oriental fruits, spices, music and fabrics attract shoppers to the boulevard de Belleville market on Tuesday and Friday mornings. From the Parc de Belleville, with its terraces and waterfalls, you get great views across the city, especially at sunset. MÉNILMONTANT M Ménilmontant. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L7–M6 Ménilmontant has a similar history to that of Belleville, and aligns itself along one straight, steep, long street, the rue de Ménilmontant and its lower extension rue Oberkampf. Although run-down in parts, its popularity with students and artists has brought a cutting- edge vitality to the area. Alter- native shops and trendy bars and restaurants have sprung up among the grocers and cheap hardware stores, especially along rue Oberkampf, one of the city’s premier afer-dark hangouts. 107 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S Shops ANNE WILLI 13 rue Keller M Ledru-Rollin/Voltaire. Mon 2–8pm, Tues–Sat 11.30am–8pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 Completely original pieces of clothing in gorgeous, luxurious fabrics, from layered, casual-chic sets to one-piece geometric studies of the body. Prices from €60 upwards. Tere are also cute clothes for kids. CÉCILE ET JEANNE 49 av Daumesnil M Gare-de-Lyon. Mon–Fri 10am–7pm, Sat & Sun 2–7pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L10 Reasonably priced and innovative jewellery from local artisans in one of the Viaduc des Arts showrooms. Many pieces under €100. FNAC MUSIQUE 4 place de la Bastille M Bastille W www .fnac.fr. Mon–Sat 10am–8pm, Wed & Fri until 10pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H17 A stylish shop in black, grey and chrome, with computer- ized catalogues, every variety of music, books and a concert booking agency. ISABEL MARANT 16 rue de Charonne M Ledru-Rollin. Mon–Sat 10.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 Marant has established an international reputation for her feminine and fattering clothes in quality fabrics such as silk and cashmere. Prices are above average, but not exorbitant. LULU BERLU 2 rue Grand Prieuré M Oberkampf. Mon–Sat 11am–7.30pm. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP H14 Tis shop is crammed with twentieth-century toys and curios, most with their original packaging. Tere’s a parti- cularly good collection of 1970–90s favourites, including Doctor Who, Star Wars, Planet of the Apes and Batman pieces, plus a good range of new toys. RÉSONANCES 9 Cour Saint-Emilion M Cour St-Emilion. Daily 11am–9pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M12 Stylish kitchen and bathroom accessories, with an emphasis on French design. Covetable items include elegant wine decanters and a white porcelain hot-chocolate maker. A N N E W I L L I 108 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S Cafés LE BARON ROUGE 1 rue Théophile-Roussel M Ledru-Rollin. Tues–Fri 10am–2pm & 5–10pm, Sat 10am–10pm, Sun 10.30am–3.30pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 Tis bar à vins is as close as you’ll get to the spit-on-the- foor, saloon stereotype of the old movies. Stallholders and shoppers from the place d’Aligre market gather for a light lunch or an apéritif during the day, especially on Sundays, with a younger crowd appearing later on. Join the locals on the pavement lunching on saucisson, mussels or Cap Ferrat oysters washed down with a glass of Muscadet. CAFÉ DE L’INDUSTRIE 16 rue St-Sabin M Bastille. Daily 10am–2am; closed 3 weeks in Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H16 One of the best Bastille cafés, packed out every evening. Rugs on the foor around solid old wooden tables, mounted rhinoceros heads, old black- and-white photos on the walls and an unpretentious crowd enjoying the comfortable absence of minimalism. CHEZ PRUNE 36 rue Beaurepaire M Jacques-Bonsergent T 01.42.41.30.47. Mon–Sat 8am–2am, Sun 10am–2am. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP K5 Named afer the owner’s grand- mother (a bust of whom can be found inside), Chez Prune is popular with an arty media crowd, but remains friendly and laid-back, with pleasant outdoor seating overlooking the canal. Lunchtime dishes around €13; evening snacks like platters of cheese or charcuterie around €10; beer €3. PAUSE CAFÉ 41 rue de Charonne, cnr rue Keller M Ledru-Rollin. Tues–Sat 8am–2am, Sun to 9pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 Or maybe “Pose Café” – given its popularity with the quartier’s young and fashionable (sunglasses are worn at all times) who bag the pavement tables at lunch and apéritif time. Service is predictably insouciant. Plats du jour around €12. Restaurants A LA BICHE AU BOIS 45 av Ledru-Rollin M Gare de Lyon T 01.43.43.34.38. Mon 7–11pm, Tues–Fri noon–2pm & 7–11pm; closed four weeks July–Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H18 Te queues leading out through the conservatory at the front are a strong indicator of the popularity of this restaurant, which mixes charming service with keenly priced, well- produced food. Te house speciality is a rich coq au vin, and you can start of with a pâté or terrine. Tree-course menu with cheese to fnish €25.90; mains €15.50–18. L E B A R O N R O U G E 109 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S BISTROT PAUL BERT 18 rue Paul Bert M Faidherbe-Chaligny T 01.43.72.24.01. Tues–Sat noon–2pm & 7.30–11pm; closed Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M9 A quintessential Parisian bistrot, with little wooden tables and white tablecloths, tobacco-stained ceiling and old posters. A mix of locals and visitors fock here for the cosy ambience and high-quality simple fare, such as poulet rôti, as well as more sophisticated dishes such as guineafowl with morel mushrooms. Save room for the perfectly cooked Grand Marnier soufé. Lunch menu €16, dinner menu €32. LE CHÂTEAUBRIAND 129 av Parmentier M Goncourt T 01.43.57.45.95. Tues–Fri noon–2pm & 8–10.30pm, Sat 8–10.30pm. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP H13 Innovative Basque chef, Inaki Aizpitarte, has turned this vintage bistrot into an avant- garde dining room that’s booked out every evening. Dishes include mackerel ceviche with pear sorbet, and oyster soup with red fruits and beetroot. Lunch menu €19; reckon on around €45 for dinner. L’ENCRIER 55 rue Traversière M Ledru-Rollin T 01.44.68.08.16. Mon–Fri noon–2.15pm & 7.30–11pm, Sat 7.30–11pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L10 Te interior of exposed brick walls and wood beams complements the homely fare served up by pleasant staf in this little restaurant near the Viaduc des Arts. Te food has a slight southwestern infuence and might include goose breast in honey or steak and morel mushrooms. Lunchtime menu €14, menus at €19 and €23 in the evening, pichet of wine €3.50. LE TRAIN BLEU Gare de Lyon M Gare de Lyon T 01.43.43.09.06. Daily 11.30am–3pm & 7–11pm. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L10 Te Train Bleu’s decor is straight out of a bygone era – everything drips with gilt, and chandeliers hang from frescoed ceilings. Te French cuisine is good, if a tad overpriced. Menu €49, including half a bottle of wine; for à la carte reckon on €80. AU VIEUX CHÊNE 7 rue du Dahomey M Faidherbe-Chaligny T 01.43.71.67.69. Mon–Fri noon–2pm & 8–10.30pm; closed one week in July and two in Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M9 Outstanding restaurant with packed bookshelves and smart service. Try smoked haddock on a bed of carrots, followed by a perfect tarte Tatin. Te menus – lunchtime €13.50/17 for two/ three courses, dinner €28/33 – are a steal. WALY FAY 6 rue Godefroy-Cavaignac M Charonne/ Faidherbe-Chaligny T 01.40.24.17.79. Mon–Sat 7.30–11pm; closed last two weeks of Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M8 West African restaurant with a cosy, stylish atmosphere. Smart young Parisians come here to dine on richly spiced stews and other West African delicacies at a moderate cost (mains €12.50). L E T R A I N B L E U 110 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S Bars BAR DES FERRAILLEURS 18 rue de Lappe M Bastille. Daily 5pm–2am. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H17 Dark and stylishly sinister, with rusting metal decor, an eccentric owner and a relaxed, friendly crowd. CAFÉ CHARBON 109 rue Oberkampf M Saint-Maur/ Parmentier. Sun–Thurs 9am–2am, Fri & Sat 9am–4am. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L6 Te place that pioneered the rise of the Oberkampf bar scene in the mid-90s is still going strong and continues to draw in a young, fashionable crowd, day and night. Part of its allure is the attractively restored early twentieth- century decor, with comfy booths and dangling lights. Main meals €13–17, cocktails from €7, beer from €3. LE CANNIBALE 93 rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud M Couronnes. Daily 9am–2am. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L6 An arty café-bar, with fashion- ably worn and faded decor. Locals chill out to a soundtrack of electro lounge, or tuck into blanquette de veau and other classic dishes (€10–15) in the dining area. Tere’s usually live music (chanson, jazz funk, Cuban) on Sundays from 6pm. Demi €3, cocktails around €7. LE FANFARON 6 rue de la Main d’Or M Ledru-Rollin. Tues–Sat 6pm–2am; closed 2 weeks Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 On a tiny backstreet north of rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, this little retro bar, with its old flm posters and Sixties rock music, has a nostalgic appeal, and the beer’s cheap too (from €2.70). LA FLÈCHE D’OR 102bis rue de Bagnolet, corner of rue des Pyrénées M Porte-de-Bagnolet/ Alexandre-Dumas T 01.44.64.01.02, W www.ﬂechedor.fr. Mon–Thurs 8pm–2am, Fri & Sat 8pm–6am. POCKET MAP C21 Housed in the old Bagnolet station on the petite ceinture railway that encircled the city until around thirty years ago, this bar and live music venue has a punkish atmosphere. Trongs of bikers, clubbers, musos and students are drawn by an eclectic music programme – indie-pop, ska, rock, chanson and punk – which has made it one of the hottest tickets in town (gigs up to €10). LES MARCHEURS DE PLANÈTE 73 rue de la Roquette M Voltaire. Tues–Sat 5.30pm–2am, Sun 9.30pm–2am. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L8 Good old-fashioned Parisian atmosphere, with an efort- lessly cool, vaguely retro vibe, with chess tables, a hat stand, posters and a wild-haired owner. More than 50 wines (from €2.70 a glass) are on ofer, plus excellent cheeses and charcuterie dishes. C A F É C H A R B O N 111 B A S T I L L E A N D E A S T E R N P A R I S SANZSANS 49 rue du Faubourg St-Antoine M Bastille. Mon–Sat 9am–5am. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H17 Te gothic get-up of red velvet, oil paintings and chandeliers makes this bar popular with a young crowd, especially on Friday and Saturday evenings, when DJs play rare groove and funky/Brazilian house. Clubs LE NOUVEAU CASINO 109 rue Oberkampf M Parmentier T 01.43.57.57.40, W www.nouveaucasino .net. Thurs–Sat midnight–5am. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L6 Right behind Café Charbon (see opposite) lies this excellent venue. An experimental line-up of live gigs from 8pm makes way for a relaxed, dancey crowd later on, with music ranging from electro-pop or house to rock. Entry price anything up to €20, depending on who’s playing. LA SCÈNE BASTILLE 2bis rue des Taillandiers M Bastille T 01.48.06.50.70 (restaurant reservations: T 01.48.06.12.13), W www.la-scene.com. Mon–Thurs 7.30pm–midnight, Fri–Sun till 6am; closed Aug. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP L9 Club, concert venue and restaurant all rolled into one, in a snazzily refurbished warehouse, playing rock, electro and funk, with regular gay nights. Entry €12. Live music CAFÉ DE LA DANSE 5 passage Louis-Philippe M Bastille T 01.47.00.57.59, W www.cafedeladanse .com. Open nights of concerts only. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H17 Rock, pop, world and folk music played in an intimate and attractive space. OPÉRA BASTILLE 120 rue de Lyon M Bastille T 08.36.69.78.68, W www.opera-de-paris.fr. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H17 Opened in 1989 to a rather mixed reception, the amorphous glass and steel opera house building still inspires a fair amount of controversy, but its performances are nearly always a sell-out. For programme and booking details consult their website or phone the box ofce. Tickets start from as little as €5, but most are in the €40–90 range. POINT EPHÉMÈRE 200 quai de Valmy M Jaurès/Louis Blanc T 01.40.34.02.48, W www.pointephemere.org. Mon–Sat noon–2am, Sun 1–9pm (later if there’s a concert). MAP P.104, POCKET MAP K4 A great, energetic atmosphere pervades this young creative space for music, dance and visual arts, set in a former canal boathouse. A wide range of bands play rock, hip-hop, indie, jazz and more, while the rotating art exhibitions run from the quotidian to the abstract. You can even get a decent cheeseburger or bagel in the restaurant looking out onto the canal. P E R F O R M E R A T L A S C È N E B A S T I L L E 112 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N THE RIVERBANK M St-Michel. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17–E18 Te riverbank quais east of place St-Michel are ideal for wandering and enjoying a good browse among the old books, postcards and prints sold from the bouquinistes, whose green kiosks line the parapets. Tere are wonderful views across the river to Notre-Dame from square Viviani, a welcome patch of grass around the corner from the celebrated English-language bookshop Shakespeare and Co (see p.118). Te mutilated church behind the square is St-Julien- le-Pauvre (daily 9.30am–1pm and 3–6.30pm; M St-Michel/ Maubert Mutualité). Te same age as Notre-Dame, it used to be the venue for university assemblies until rumbustious students tore it apart in 1524. For the most dramatic view of Notre-Dame, walk along the riverbank as far as the tip of the Ile St-Louis and the Pont de Sully. THE HUCHETTE QUARTER M St-Michel. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 Te touristy bustle is at its worst around rue de la Huchette, just east of the place St-Michel, but look beyond the cheap bars and overpriced Greek kebab-and-disco tavernas and you’ll fnd some evocative The Quartier Latin The Quartier Latin has been associated with students ever since the Sorbonne was established in the thirteenth century. The name derives from the Latin spoken at the medieval university, which perched on the slopes of the Montagne Ste-Geneviève. Many colleges remain in the area to this day, along with some fascinating vestiges of the medieval city, such as the Gothic church of St-Séverin and the Renaissance Hôtel de Cluny, site of the national museum of the Middle Ages. Some of the quarter’s student chic may have worn thin in recent years – notably around the now too-famous place St-Michel – and high rents have pushed scholars and artists out of their garrets, but the cafés, restaurants and arty cinemas are still packed with students, making this one of the most relaxed areas of Paris for going out. C A F É T E R R A C E I N T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N 113 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N remnants of medieval Paris. Connecting rue de la Huchette to the riverside is the narrow rue du Chat-qui-Pêche, a tiny slice of how Paris looked before Baron Haussmann fattened the old alleys to make room for his wide boulevards. One block south of rue de la Huchette, just west of rue St-Jacques, is the mainly ffeenth-century church of St-Séverin, whose entrance is on rue des Prêtres St-Séverin (Mon–Sat 11am–7.30pm, Sun 9am–8.30pm; M St-Michel/ Cluny–La Sorbonne). It’s one of the city’s more intense churches, its windows flled with edgy stained glass by the modern French painter Jean Bazaine. MUSÉE NATIONAL DU MOYEN AGE 6 place Paul-Painlevé M Cluny-La Sorbonne T 01.53.73.78.16, W www.musee-moyenage .fr. Daily except Tues 9.15am–5.45pm. €8.50. Medieval music concerts Fri 12.30pm & Sat 4pm; €6. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18 Te walls of the third-century Roman baths are visible in the garden of the Hôtel de Cluny, a sixteenth-century mansion built by the abbots of the Cluny monastery as their Paris pied-à-terre. It now houses the rewarding Musée National du Moyen Age, a treasure trove of medieval art. Tere’s a feast of medieval sculpture throughout, along with wonderful stained glass, books and curious objets d’art, but the real beauties are the tapestries that hang in most rooms, including vivid depictions of a grape harvest, a lover making advances and a woman in a bath that overfows into a duck pond. Te greatest of all is the stunning La Dame à la Licorne (“Te Lady with the Unicorn”) series, displayed in its own chapel-like chamber. Made in the late ffeenth century, the set depicts the fve senses – along with an ambiguous image that may represent the virtue in control- ling them – in six luxuriantly detailed allegoric scenes, each featuring a richly dressed woman fanked by a lion and a unicorn. On the ground foor, the vaults of the Roman baths are preserved intact. Te museum also has an excellent progamme of medieval music concerts; look out especially for the regular “heure musicale”. I N S I D E T H E M U S É E N A T I O N A L D U M O Y E N A G E 114 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N SQUARE JEAN XXIII SQUARE ET PLACE P. PAINLEVE SQUARE P. LANGEVIN PLACE MONGE PLACE DU PETIT PONT PLACE ST-MICHEL PLACE DE L’ESTRAPADE PLACE A. LAVERAN PLACE DE LA CONTRESCARPE SQ. ORTOLAN R U E C L O T A I R E R U E D ’ U L M R U E D E S I R L A N D A I S R U E A M Y O T R . L A R O M I G U I E R E R . C L O T I L D E R U E T H O U I N R . L A P L A C E R U E R O LLIN R U E C L O V IS R. BLAINVILLE R U E E R A S M E R U E L H O M O N D R U E R A T A U D R U E P E S T A L O Z Z I R U E D E L ' E S T R A P A D E R U E P IE R R E E T M A R IE C U R IE PLACE DU PANTHEON R U E L E G O F F R U E R O Y E R - C O L L A R D R U E R U E D A N T E R U E D O M A T R U E D E L A P A R C H E M IN E R IE R U E D U C L O IT R E - N O T R E - D A M E R U E D E L A C O L O M B E R . D E L A B U C H E R I E R U E F S A U T O N R U E J E A N D E B E A U V A I S R U E T H E N A R D R . D U C IM E T IE R E S A IN T B E N O IT I M P . C H A R T I E R E R . D E L A N N E A U R U E V A L E T T E R . M A I T R E A L B E R T R U E S T - V I C T O R R U E D E L ' E C O L E P O L Y T E C H N I Q U E R U E D E S U R S I N S R U E D E R U E D E S B E R N A R D I N S R U E D ’ A R R A S R U E G A L A N D E M O N T A G N E S T E G E N E V I E V E R U E D E L A R U E D E B I E V R E R U E D E C L U N Y R U E D E S C A R M E S R U E C U J A S SOM M ER A R D RUE D U R U E G I T L E C Œ U R R U E D U J A R D I N E T R U E V C O U S I N R U E D E L A S O R B O N N E R . C H A M P O L L I O N C O U R D U C O M M E R C E S T - A N D R E R U E S E R P E N T E R U E D E L ’ E P E R O N R U E D E L ’ E C O L E D E M E D I C I N E R U E R A C I N E P L D E L A S O R B O N N E P O R T D E M O N T E B E L L O PLACE MAUBERT SQ. F. A. MARIETTE PLACE L. HERR PLACE DU PARVIS NOTRE-DAME R U E D E C A R D I N A L R U E D E L ’ A R B A L E TE P O N T D E L ' A R C H E V É C H É Q U A I D U M A R C H E N E U F PLACE EDMOND ROSTAND PLACE M. BERTHELOT PLACE STE GENEVIEVE Q U A I A U X F L E U R S R U E C H A N O I N E S S E P O N T A U D O U B L E R U E S T - S E V E R IN P R I V A S R U E X . R . D E L A H U C H E T T E PLACE P. LAMPUE R U E D E S F E U IL L A N T IN E S R U E P I E R R E N I C H O L R U E V A U Q U E L I N R U E B E R T H O L L E T R . D U V A L D E G R A C E R U E H E N R I B A R B U S S E R U E L H O M O N D R U E D U P O T D E F E R R U E T O U R N E F O R T R U E M O U F F E T A R D R U E M O U F F E T A R D R U E D E S C A R T E S RUE ORTOLAN R U E G R A C I E U S E R U E S T-M ÉDARD R U E S T- ANDRE DES ARTS RUE SUGER R . M A Z E T R U E M O N S I E U R L E P R I N C E R U E H A U T E F E U I L L E R. DE SAVOIE R U E S E G U I E R R . D E S P A T R I A R C H E S R . D A U B E N T O N R U E B R O C A R U E L A G A R D E R. DE L’EPEE DE BOIS R U E J . C A LVIN R U E P . B R O S S O L E T T E R U E D E L A H A R P E R . M IR B E L R U E P A S C A L R . D E S G R A N D S A U G U S T I N S RUE DES URSULI NES RUE L. THUI LLI ER M A L E B R A N C H E R U E C U J A S PGE DES POSTES R . D E L A T R A N R U E D E L A C I T E R U E S O U F F L O T R U E C L A U D E B E R N A R D R U E D E S E C O L E S R U E L A G R A N G E R U E D ’ A R C O L E Q U A I S T - M I C H E L R U E G A Y - L U S S A C R U E D E L ' A B B E - D E - L ' E P E E R U E S T - J A C Q U E S R U E S T - J A C Q U E S R U E R U E D A N T O N R U E D E VA UGIRARD R U E D E M E D I C I S P O N T S T - M I C H E L P E T I T P O N T B O U L E V A R D S T - M I C H E L R U E M O N G E B LV D S T - G E R M A I N B O U L E V A R D Q U A I D E M O N T E B E L L O B O U L E V A R D S T - M I C H E L R U E S A I N T - J A C Q U E S A V E D E S G O B E L I N S B O U L E V A R D D E P O R T - R O Y A L R U E M O N G E Notre- Dame Val-de- Grâce Ecole Normale Supérieure St-Médard St-Etienne- du-Mont Panthéon Chapelle de la Sorbonne La Sorbonne Musée National du Moyen Age St-Julien- le-Pauvre St-Séverin Crypte Archéologique Hôtel Dieu Fontaine Médicis Palais de Justice Ecole Nat. Sup. de Chimie Ecole Nat. Sup. des Arts Decoratifs St-Jacques- du-Haut-Pas Institut Curie Quai de Montebello Jardin de Navarre MAUBERT MUTUALITÉ ST-MICHEL NOTRE-DAME LUXEMBOURG CARDINAL LEMOINE CLUNY LA SORBONNE ST-MICHEL Ile de la Cité Quartier Latin ACCOMMODATION SHOPS BVJ Paris Quartier Latin Hôtel du Commerce Les Degrés de Notre Dame Esmeralda Familia Hôtel Hôtel des Grandes Écoles Hôtel Marignan Hôtel Résidence Henri IV Select Hôtel Young and Happy Hostel Abbey Bookshop Crocodisc Crocojazz Gibert Jeune Rendez-vous de la Nature Shakespeare & Co 3 4 5 1 6 2 5 4 2 1 8 9 3 6 7 10 115 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N SQUARE H GALLI SQUARE A SCHWEITZER SQUARE DE L’AVE MARIA SQUARE DE L'ILE DE FRANCE SQUARE DES ARENES DE LUTECE SQUARE BARYE SQUARE R. MONTAGNE PL. DU BATAILLON FRANCAIS DE L’O.N.U. EN COREE P O R T S A I N T - B E R N A R D S Q U A R E T I N O R O S S I R . D E Q U A T R E F A G E S R U E G U Y D E L A B R O S S E R . D E S B O U L A N G E R S R . D U G R I L R U E D A U B E N T O N R U E G . D E S P L A S R U E B O U T A R E L R U E L E R E G R A T T I E R R U E J D U B E L L A Y R U E B U D E P O N T O I S E R . C O C H IN R U E D E P O I S S Y R U E D E S C H A N T IE R S R U E P O U L L E T I E R Q U A I D ’ A N J O U P O R T S A IN T - B E R N A R D P O R T D E L A T O U R N E L L E R U E D U P R E V O T R U E D U F A U C O N N I E R R . D E L ’ A V E M A R IA J O U Y R . D E R . D E S N O N N A I N S D ’ H Y E R E S R U E D E S J A R D I N S S T - P A U L R U E A G R IP P A D ’ A U B IG N E R U E D E S U L L Y R U E D E S C H O M B E R G P O R T H E N R I I V R U E S T - L O U I S E N L ’ I L E Q U A I D ’ O R L E A N S Q U A I D E B E T H U N E Q U A I D E B O U R B O N P O N T D E S U L L Y V O I E G E O R G E S P O M P I D O U P O R T D E S C E L E S T I N S P O N T M A R I E L E M O I N E PLACE JUSSIEU R U E D E S A R E N ES R U E DE N A V A R R E R U E L A R R E Y R U E D E L A C L E F R U E D E L ’ E S S A I R U E D E L A C L E F R U E D E S W A L L O N S R U E D E L A C O L E G I A L E R U E S C I P I O N R U E V E S A L E R . D U J U R A S R U E C H A R L E M A G N E R U E C H A R L E S V R U E D E S L I O N S S T - P A U L R U E B E A U T R E I L L I S R U E D E L ’ H O T E L D E V I L L E R . D U F I G U I E R R . D U M E R I L R U E P O L I V E A U R U E D U F E R - Á - M O U L I N R U E S A N T E U I L SQ. SCIPION R U E L E B R U N R U E G . L ’ A S N I E R PLACE VALHUBERT R U E D E S F O S S E S S T - M A R C E L R U E D E L A R E I N E B L A N C H E R. DU PUITS DE L’ERMITE R U E J U S S I E U R U E C U V I E R R U E D E S F O S S E S S T - B E R N A R D R U E D E S D E U X P O N T S R U E S T - P A U L R U E D E C A R D I N A L L E M O I N E R U E B U F F O N R U E C E N S I E R R U E D U P E T I T M U S C R U E G E O F F R O Y S T - H I L A I R E R U E L I N N E LA CEPEDE R . J E A N N E D ’ A R C PO N T ST-LO UIS P O N T D E S U L L Y P O N T D E L A T O U R N E L L E P O N T L O U I S P H I L I P P E Q U A I H E N R I I V B O U L E V A R D M O R L A N D Q U A I D E L ’ H O T E L D E V I L L E Q U A I D E S C E L E S T I N S R U E S T - A N T O I N E Q U A I D E L A T O U R N E L L E S T - G E R MA I N B O U L E V A R D H E N R I I V Q U A I S A I N T - B E R N A R D B O U L E V A R D S T - M A R C E L R U E M O N G E Gare d’Austerlitz St-Louis- en-l’Ile Arènes de Lutèce Mosquée de Paris Grand Galerie de l’Evolution Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Préfecture de Paris Ménagerie Universités Paris VI et Paris VII Institut du Monde Arabe Jussieu Campus Quai de l'Hôtel de Ville Quai Saint-Bernard Jardin des Plantes Jardin Ecologique MONGE CENSIER DAUBENTON SULLY MORLAND JUSSIEU PONT MARIE LES GOBELINS Ile St-Louis R i v e r S e i n e 150 metres 0 150 yards 0 N RESTAURANTS BARS CAFÉS LIVE MUSIC L’Atelier Maître Albert Brasserie Balzar Les Cinq Saveurs d’Anada Les Degrés de Notre-Dame L’Ecurie Les Fontaines Perraudin Pho 67 Le Pré Verre Le Reminet Le Piano Vache Le Violon Dingue Café de la Mosquée Café de la Nouvelle Mairie L’Ecritoire La Fourmi Ailée Le Reﬂet Le Verre à Pied Caveau des Oubliettes 17 15 9 2 8 18 5 7 16 3 12 13 14 1 6 4 11 10 1 116 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N THE SORBONNE M Cluny–La Sorbonne/RER Luxembourg. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP C18–D18 Te trafc-free place de la Sorbonne is a great place to sit back and enjoy the Quartier Latin atmosphere. Frowning over it are the high walls of the Sorbonne, which was once the most important of the medieval colleges huddled atop the Montagne Ste-Geneviève. More recently it was a fashpoint in the student riots of 1968 – and again in the spring of 2006. Te frontage is dominated by the Chapelle Ste-Ursule, built in the 1640s by the great Cardinal Richelieu, whose tomb it contains. THE PANTHÉON M Cardinal-Lemoine/RER Luxembourg T 01.44.32.18.00, W http://pantheon .monuments-nationaux.fr. Daily: April–Sept 10am–6.30pm; Oct–March 10am–6pm. €8. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D19 Crowning the Montagne Ste-Geneviève, the largest and most visible of Paris’s domes graces the bulky Panthéon, Louis XV’s thank-you to Ste-Geneviève, patron saint of Paris, for curing him of illness. Completed only in 1789, afer the Revolution it was transformed into a mausoleum, emblazoned with the words “Aux grands hommes la patrie reconnaissante” (“Te nation honours its great men”) beneath the pediment of the giant portico. Te remains of giants of French culture, including Voltaire, Rousseau, Hugo and Zola, are entombed in the vast, barrel-vaulted crypt, along with Marie Curie (the sole woman), and Alexandre Dumas, who was “panthéonized” in 2002. Te bombastically Classical nave displays a working model of Foucault’s Pendulum swinging from the dome. French physicist Léon Foucault devised the experiment, conducted here in 1851, to demonstrate that while the pendulum appeared to rotate over a 24-hour period, it was in fact the earth beneath it turning. ST-ETIENNE-DU-MONT M Cardinal Lemoine. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D19 Te remains of Pascal and Racine, two seventeenth- century literary giants who didn’t make it into the Panthéon, and a few relics of Ste-Geneviève, lie in the church of St-Étienne-du-Mont. Te main attraction, however, is the fabulously airy interior, formed of a Flamboyant Gothic choir joined to a Renaissance nave, the two parts linked by a sinuous catwalk that runs around the interior, arching across the nave in the form of a carved rood screen – an extremely rare survival, as most French screens fell victim to Protestant iconoclasts, reformers or revolutionaries. T H E C A F É A T T H E P A R I S M O S Q U E 117 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N INSTITUT DU MONDE ARABE 1 rue des Fossés St-Bernard M Jussieu/ Cardinal-Lemoine T 01.40.51.38.38, W www.imarabe.org. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Museum €6. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP F18 A bold slice of glass and steel, the stunning exterior of the Institut du Monde Arabe betrays architect Jean Nouvel’s obsession with light – its broad southern facade, which mimics a moucharabiyah, or traditional Arab latticework, is made up of thousands of tiny metallic shutters. Originally designed to be light-sensitive, they now open and close just once an hour, and the exhi bition spaces are conse- quently quite gloomy. Inside, a museum winds down from the seventh foor as it traces the evolution of art in the Islamic world; impressive temporary exhibitions (extra admission) go into more detail. THE PARIS MOSQUE AND HAMMAM Entrance on rue Daubenton M Jussieu T 01.45.35.97.33, W www.mosquee-de -paris.org. Daily except Fri & Muslim hols 9am–noon & 2–6pm. €3. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP J11 Even in this quiet area, the Paris mosque, built by Moroccan crafsmen in the early 1920s, feels like an oasis of serenity behind its crenel- lated walls. You can walk in the sunken garden and patios with their polychrome tiles and carved ceilings, and relax at the laid-back café (see p.119), but non-Muslims are asked not to enter the prayer room. Te hammam (women Mon, Wed, Turs and Sat 10am–9pm, Fri 2–9pm; men Tues 2–9pm, Sun 10am–9pm. €15; towels extra) is one of the most atmospheric in the city, with its vaulted cooling-of room and marble- lined steam chamber. JARDIN DES PLANTES Entrances at the corners of the park and opposite rue Jussieu M Jussieu/ Censier Daubenton. Daily: April–Aug 7.30am–7.30pm; Sept–March 8am to dusk. Free. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP F19–G19 Behind the mosque the Jardin des Plantes, a medicinal herb garden from 1626, now hosts Paris’s botanical gardens, with avenues of trees, lawns, hothouses, museums and an old-fashioned menagerie, also France’s oldest zoo. GRANDE GALERIE DE L’EVOLUTION Jardin des Plantes; entrance off rue Buffon M Censier-Daubenton/Gare d’Austerlitz. Daily except Tues 10am–6pm. €9. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP J11 Magnifcent foral beds make a fne approach to the collection of buildings that forms the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle ( W www.mnhn.fr). Skip the musty displays of palaeontology, anatomy, mineralogy and palaeobotany in favour of the Grande Galerie de l’Évolution, housed in a restored nineteenth-century glass-domed building. It doesn’t actually tell the story of evolution, but it does feature a huge cast of life-sized animals, some of them striding drama- tically across the space. S T R O L L I N G I N T H E J A R D I N D E S P L A N T E S 118 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N Shops ABBEY BOOKSHOP 29 rue de la Parcheminerie M St-Michel. Mon–Sat 10am–7pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 An overstufed warren of a bookshop with lots of used British and North American fction and travel guides, plus knowledgeable, helpful staf – and free cofee. CROCODISC 40–42 rue des Ecoles M Maubert-Mutualité. Tues–Sat 11am–7pm. Closed Aug. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18 Everything from folk and Afro-Antillais to salsa and movie soundtracks, new and used, at good prices. CROCOJAZZ 64 rue de la Montagne-Ste-Geneviève M Maubert-Mutualité. Tues–Sat 11am–7pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D19 Mainly new jazz and blues imports, with some inexpensive used titles. GIBERT JEUNE 5 place St-Michel and around M St-Michel. Mon–Sat 9.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 A Latin Quarter institution for student/academic books, with nine stores on and around place St-Michel. Tere’s a secondhand selection at no. 2 and foreign- language titles at no. 10. RENDEZ-VOUS DE LA NATURE 96 rue Mouffetard M Censier-Daubenton. Tues–Sat 9.30am–7.30pm, Sun 9.30am–1pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP H11 One of the city’s largest and most comprehensive health-food stores, with everything from organic produce to herbal teas. SHAKESPEARE & CO 37 rue de la Bûcherie M Maubert-Mutualité. Daily 10am–11pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 Another Latin Quarter institution, this cosy, crowded literary haunt, run by Americans and stafed by earnest young Hemingway wannabes, sells the best selection of English-language books in town. Readings Mon 7pm. S H A K E S P E A R E & C O Latin Quarter markets The narrow, half-kilometre run of “La Mouff”, the city’s famed rue Mouffetard market, is now mostly given over to classy food shops, but the Quartier Latin still offers some of the city’s classic food markets. Maubert place Maubert M Maubert-Mutualité. Tues, Thurs and Sat 7am–2.30pm. Monge place Monge M Monge. Wed and Fri 7am–2.30pm, Sun 7am–3pm. Mouffetard rue Mouffetard M Censier-Daubenton. Tues–Sat 10am–1pm and 4–7pm, Sun 10am–1pm. 119 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N Cafés CAFÉ DE LA MOSQUÉE 39 rue Geoffroy-St-Hilaire M Monge. Daily 9am–midnight. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP J11 Drink mint tea and eat sweet cakes beside the courtyard fountain and fg trees of the Paris mosque – a haven of calm (except on weekend lunchtimes when it’s a popular spot for festive families). Te indoor salon has a beautiful Arabic interior, where tasty tagines and couscous are served for €15 and up. CAFÉ DE LA NOUVELLE MAIRIE 19 rue des Fossés-St-Jacques M Cluny-La Sorbonne/RER Luxembourg. Mon, Wed & Fri 9am–8pm, Tues & Thurs 9am–midnight. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D19 Sleek café/wine bar with some pavement seating and a relaxed feel generated by its older, university clientele. Serves good, modern food and plates of cheese or charcuterie (all around €10). Philosophy evenings the frst Monday of the month. L’ECRITOIRE 3 place de la Sorbonne M Cluny-La Sorbonne/RER Luxembourg. Daily 7am–midnight. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP C18 Tis classic university café is right beside the Sorbonne, and has outside tables by the fountain. LA FOURMI AILÉE 8 rue du Fouarre M Maubert-Mutualité. Mon–Fri noon–3pm & 7–11pm, Sat & Sun noon–11.30pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 Simple, classically French food and speciality teas are served in this former feminist bookshop, now a relaxed salon de thé with a pretty, tiled exterior. Te high, cloud-painted ceiling, book-lined walls and background jazz contribute to the atmosphere. Around €12 for a plat du jour. LE REFLET 6 rue Champollion M Cluny-La Sorbonne. Daily 10am–2am. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP C18 Tis artsy cinema café has a strong favour of the nouvelle vague, with its scrufy black paint scheme, lights rigged up on a gantry and rickety tables packed with flm-goers and chess players. Perfect for a drink either side of a flm at one of the art cinemas on rue Champollion, perhaps accompanied by a steak, quiche or salad from the short list of blackboard specials. LE VERRE À PIED 118bis rue Mouffetard M Monge. Tues–Sat 9am–8.30pm, Sun 9am–3.30pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP H11 Wonderfully old-fashioned little market bar where traders take their morning glass of wine at the bar, or sit down to eat a delicious plat du jour for €11 and engage in lively conversation. Simple menus €13. L U N C H A T T H E C A F É D E L A N O U V E L L E M A I R I E 120 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N Restaurants L’ATELIER MAÎTRE ALBERT 1 rue Maitre Albert M Maubert-Mutualité T 01.56.81.30.01. Mon–Wed noon–2.30pm & 6.30–11.30pm, Thurs & Fri noon–2.30pm & 6.30pm–1am, Sat 6.30pm–1am, Sun 6.30–11.30pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E18 One of chef-entrepreneur Guy Savoy’s ventures, this contemporary rôtisserie specializes in top-notch spit- roast meats, though you can also fnd lighter dishes like cod casseroled with seasonal veg or a delicious starter of prawns stufed with citrus butter. Expect to pay around €55 à la carte without wine. BRASSERIE BALZAR 49 rue des Ecoles M Maubert-Mutualité T 01.43.54.13.67. Daily 8am–11.30pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18 Classic, high-ceilinged brasserie, long frequented by the literary intelligentsia of the Latin Quarter – along with hordes of delighted tourists. It’s not cheap: steak tartare, roast chicken or sauerkraut garnished with sausage cost around €18, but there are menus from €24. LES CINQ SAVEURS D’ANADA 72 rue du Cardinal-Lemoine M Cardinal- Lemoine T 01.43.29.58.54. Tues–Sun noon–2.30pm & 7–10.30pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E19 Bare-bones restaurant serving macrobiotic, vegetarian food. Salads are tasty, along with creative meat-substitute dishes (around €14–18), such as tofu soufé. LES DEGRÉS DE NOTRE-DAME 10 rue des Grands Degrés M Maubert- Mutualité T 01.55.42.88.88. Mon–Sat 7am–midnight. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E17 Linked to the hotel of the same name, serving reliable, substantial and home-made French food – plus lots of couscous dishes and tagines – in a cosy bistrot setting or out on the terrasse. Good-value lunch menu €12.50; dinner menu €26.50. L’ECURIE 58 rue de la Montagne Ste-Geneviève M Maubert-Mutualité/Cardinal-Lemoine T 01.46.33.68.49. Mon & Wed–Sat noon–3pm & 7pm–midnight, Tues & Sun 7pm–midnight. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D19 Shoe-horned into a former stables on a lovely corner, this quirky, family-run restaurant serves well-cooked grilled meat dishes with chips for less than €20. Book ahead. LES FONTAINES 9 rue Soufﬂot. RER Luxembourg T 01.43.26.42.80. Mon–Sat noon–3pm & 7.30–11pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP C19 Te dated brasserie-cum-diner decor looks unpromising from the outside, but the welcome inside this family-run place is warm, the atmosphere friendly, and the food – honest, seasonal French meat and fsh dishes – is great, with a nice mix of innovation and tradition. Tree-course menu €15 at lunch, €28 in the evening. B R A S S E R I E B A L Z A R 121 T H E Q U A R T I E R L A T I N PERRAUDIN 157 rue St-Jacques. RER Luxembourg T 01.46.33.15.75. Mon–Fri noon–2pm & 7.30–10.15pm. Closed Aug. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D19 Quintessential Lef Bank bistrot featuring solid cooking and an atmosphere thick with Parisian chatter foating above packed tables. Menus €18 (lunch) and €28 (dinner). PHO 67 59 rue Galande M Maubert-Mutualité T 01.43.25.56.69. Tues–Sun noon–3pm & 7–11pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 Te Vietnamese proprietors work in an open kitchen, preparing a range of inexpen- sive dishes, including sour pig ears; the less adventurous should go for the delicious pho soup (€8–11), or one of the four good-value menus (€10–20). LE PRÉ VERRE 8 rue Thénard M Maubert-Mutualité T 01.43.54.59.47. Tues–Sat noon–2pm & 7.30–10.30pm; closed three weeks in Aug. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18 Unusually relaxed, contempo- rary bistrot ofering adventurous food such as swordfsh on a bed of quinoa. Stunning value menus: evening €28.50: lunchtime two-courser €13.50. LE REMINET 3 rue des Grands-Degrés M Maubert- Mutualité T 01.44.07.04.24. Daily noon–3pm & 7.30–11pm; closed 2 weeks in Aug. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E17 Tis tiny bistrot is efortlessly stylish, with gilded mirrors and brass candlesticks at every table, and French windows opening out onto a leafy square. Te classy food incorporates quality French ingredients and imaginative sauces. Te €14 lunch menu is an astonishing bargain. Pricier in the evenings when the crowds arrive. Bars LE PIANO VACHE 8 rue Laplace M Cardinal-Lemoine. Mon–Fri noon–2am, Sat & Sun 9pm–2am. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18 Lef Bank favourite crammed with students at little tables, with cool music and a laid-back atmosphere. LE VIOLON DINGUE 46 rue de la Montagne-Ste-Geneviève M Maubert-Mutualité. Daily from 6pm, happy hour 8–10pm. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18 A long, dark student pub that’s noisy, friendly and popular with young travellers. English-speaking bar staf and cheap drinks. Te cellar bar stays open until 4.30am on busy nights. Live music CAVEAU DES OUBLIETTES 52 rue Galande M Cluny-La Sorbonne T 01.46.34.23.09, W www.caveaudes oubliettes.fr. Daily 5pm–4am; music from 10pm. Free. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17 Lively jazz jams – blues, Latin, African – in a gloomy, smoky dungeon setting, once a medieval prison. L E P I A N O V A C H E 122 S T - G E R M A I N T H E P O N T D E S A R T S PONT DES ARTS M Pont Neuf. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C16 Te delicate and much-loved Pont des Arts was installed in Napoleon’s time. It ofers a classic upstream view of the Ile de la Cité, and also provides a grand entrance to St-Germain under the watchful eye of the Institut de France, an august academic institution whose members are known as “Immortals”. St-Germain St-Germain, the westernmost section of Paris’s Left Bank, has long been famous as the haunt of bohemians and intellectuals. A few famous cafés preserve a strong ﬂavour of the old times, but the dominant spirit these days is elegant, relaxed and seriously upmarket. At opposite ends of the quarter are two of the city’s busiest and best-loved sights: to the east, bordering the Quartier Latin, spreads the huge green space of the Jardin du Luxembourg, while to the west stands the jaw-dropping Musée d’Orsay, a converted railway station with a world- beating collection of Impressionist paintings. Between the two, you can visit the churches of St-Sulpice and St-Germain-des- Prés, or intriguing museums dedicated to the artists Delacroix and Maillol, but really, shopping is king. The streets around place St-Sulpice swarm with international fashion brands, while on the north side of boulevard St-Germain, antique shops and art dealers dominate. 123 S T - G E R M A I N MUSÉE D’ORSAY 1 rue de la Légion d’Honneur M Solférino/ RER Musée-d’Orsay T 01.40.49.48.14, W www.musee-orsay.fr. Tues–Sun 9.30am–5.30pm, Thurs till 9.15pm. €9.50, free on ﬁrst Sun of the month & to under-18s; €12 with entry to the Musée Rodin. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A15 Along the riverfront, on the western edge of St-Germain, the Musée d’Orsay drama- tically flls a vast former railway station with paintings and sculptures dating between 1848 and 1914, including an unparalleled Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collection. Te museum’s ground foor, spread out under a giant glass arch, is devoted to pre-1870 work, contrasting Ingres, Delacroix and other serious-minded painters and sculptors acceptable to the mid-nineteenth century salons with the relatively unusual works of Puvis de Chavannes, Gustave Moreau and the younger Degas. Te infuential Barbizon school and the Realists are also showcased, with works by Daumier, Corot and Millet preparing the ground for the early controversies of Monet’s violently light-flled Femmes au Jardin (1867) and Manet’s provocative Olympia (1863), which heralded the arrival of Impressionism. Impressionism proper packs the attic-like upper level. Here, you’ll have to fght a persistent sense of familiarity – Manet’s waterlilies, Degas’ Au Café du L’Absinthe, Renoir’s Bal du Moulin de la Galette, Monet’s Femme à l’Ombrelle – to appreciate the movement’s vibrant, experi- mental vigour. You’ll also fnd Degas’ ballet dancer sculptures and small-scale landscapes and outdoor scenes by Renoir, Sisley, Pissarro and Monet that owed much of their brilliance to the novel practice of setting up easels in the open. Berthe Morisot, the frst woman to join the early Impressionists, is represented by her famous Le Berceau (1872), among others. Tere are more heavyweight masterpieces in the form of Van Gogh and Cézanne, and Monet and Renoir in their middle and late periods. Beyond Toulouse-Lautrec’s smoky nightclub caricatures, a dimly lit, melancholy chamber is devoted to pastels by Redon, Mondrian and others, while the fnal rooms have an edgier feel, beginning with Rousseau’s dreamlike La Charmeuse de Serpents (1907) and continuing past Gauguin’s ambivalent Tahitian paintings to Pointillist works by Seurat, Signac and others. Down on the middle level a disparate group of paintings includes the Art Nouveau Nabis, notably Bonnard and Vuillard, and some inter- national Symbolist works. Bridging the sculpture terraces, the Rodin terrace puts almost everything else to shame. If you’ve energy to spare, don’t skip the last few rooms, which contain superb Art Nouveau furniture and objets d’art. V A N G O G H P A I N T I N G A T T H E M U S É E D ’ O R S A Y 124 S T - G E R M A I N PLACE LE CORBUSIER PLACE DEVILLE SQUARE BOUCICAUT SQUARE DES MISSIONS ETRANGERES CARREFOUR DE LA CROIX ROUGE PLACE ST-SULPICE PLACE J. BAINVILLE R U E V E L P E A U R U E P . L . C O U R I E R R U E D E V I L L E R S E X E L P O R T D E S O L F E R I N O R U E D U B A C R U E C H O M E L R . D E P O I T I E R S R . H . C H E VA LI E R R U E B O N A P A R T E R U E F E R O U R U E H . D E J O U V E N E L R U E B O N A P A R T E R . S T - B E N O Î T R U E R U E D E S C A N E T T E S RUE IM P A S S E D E S D E U X A N G E S RUE PAPE CARPENTIER R U E D E L A C H A I S E R . D E L U Y N E S R . R E C A M I E R R . D U S A B O T R U E A L L E N T R U E D U P R E A U X C L E R C S R . P E R R O N E T R U E B. PALISSY P O N T R O Y A L P O R T D E S S A I N T S - P E R E S R U E G U IL L A U M E A P O L L IN A IR E R U E M A D A M E R U E D U V I E U X C O L O M BI ER P O R T D U P O N T D U C A R R O U S E L RUE DE COMMAI LLE R U E D U B A C R U E D U B A C R U E D E S T - S I M O N R U E D E V E R N E U I L R U E D E F L E U RUS R UE R U E S T - G U I L L A U M E R U E R U E M A D A M E R U E M A D A M E R U E D U D R A G O N R. COETLOGON R U E D E S S A I N T S - P E R E S R U E D U C H E R C H E M I D I PL. ST-THOMAS D’AQUIN R U E D E L I L L E R U E D E L I L L E R U E C A S S E T T E R U E J . B A R T RUE DE MEZI ERES RUE DE FLEURUS R U E S T - P L A C I D E R U E J A C O B R U E D E B E A U N E RUE M O N T A L E M B E R T R U E D U P I N PL. ST-GERMAIN- DES-PRÉ R U E G O Z L IN R U E D E S S A I N T S - P E R E S R U E D U B A C R U E D U B A C R U E D E G R E N E L L E R U E D E G R E N E L L E R U E D E L ’ U N I V E R S I T E R . D E B E L L E C H A S S E R U E G U Y N E M E R R U E D ’ A S S A S R U E D ’ A S S A S R U E D U R . D U F O U R R U E D E S E V R E S R U E R U E D E V A U G I R A R D Q U A I B O U L E V A R D S T - G E R M A I N Q U A I Q U A I V O L T A I R E R U E D E R E N N E S B L V D R A S P A I L B O U L E V A R D R A S P A I L B L V D S T - G E R M A I N Q U A I A N A T O L E F R A N C E R U E D E S E V R E S Musée de la Légion d’Honneur Playground Playground Beehives Musée du Luxembourg St-Germain- des-Prés St-Joseph- des-Carmes Musée Maillol Fontaine des Quatre Saisons Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts Ecole Nationale d’Administration Musée d’Orsay St-Thomas d’Aquin Université Paris V Grande Epicerie Le Bon Marché Marché Raspail Quai Malaquais Quai du Louvre ST-GERMAIN- DES-PRÉS ST- PLACIDE RENNES ST-SULPICE SÈVRES BABYLONE RUE DU BAC St-Germain RESTAURANTS BARS ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS Au 35 Allard L’Atlas Brasserie Lipp Ferrandaise Lapérouse Polidor La Tourelle Le 10 Chez Georges L’Echelle de Jacob Les Etages St-Germain Hôtel du Globe Grand Hôtel des Balcons Hôtel des Marronniers Hôtel Michelet-Odéon Hôtel de Nesle Relais Christine Relais Saint-Sulpice Hôtel de l’Université Bar du Marché Café de Flore Café de la Mairie Les Deux Magots Ladurée La Pallette 2 12 9 11 18 5 17 13 16 14 4 10 8 6 15 7 1 3 5 7 2 8 3 4 6 1 125 S T - G E R M A I N JARDIN DE L'INFANTE SQUARE ET PLACE P. PAINLEVE SQUARE H. CHAMPION PLACE DAUPHINE SQUARE DU VERT-GALANT PL. DE L’ODEON PL. PAUL CLAUDEL SQ. G. PIERNE R U E L E G O F F R U E R O Y E R - C O L L A R D R U E D E L A P A R C H E M I N E R I E R U E D E C L U N Y R U E D E L A H A R P E R U E C U J A S R. DU SOMMERARD RUE PALATINE R U E G A R A N C I E R E D E L ' A B B A Y E R . D E L ’ E C H A U D É R U E P R I N C E S S E GUISARDE R . M A B I L L O N R. LOBI NEAU R . F E L I B I E N RUE DES BEAUX ARTS R U E V I S C O N T I RUE J. CALLOT R . D E N E S L E R . D E N E V E R S R . D U P O N T D E L O D I R . C H R I S T I N E R U E G I T L E C Œ U R R . D U J A R D I N E T R U E P S A R R A Z I N R . C A S I M I R - D E L A V I G N E R U E R O T R O U R U E C R E B I L L O N R U E V . C O U S I N R U E D E L A S O R B O N N E R U E C H A M P O L L I O N R U E S E R V A N D O N I R . G R E G O I R E D E T O U R S RUE CLEMEN T R . D E S G R A N D S A U G U S T I N S R U E D A U P H I N E C O U R D U C O M M E R C E S T - A N D R E R U E S E R P E N T E R U E D E L ’ E P E R O N R U E D E L ’ E C O L E D E M E D I C I N E R U E R A C I N E R U E C U J A S L O U V R E COUR NAPOLEON COUR CARREE P O N T D E S A R T S P O N T N E U F Q U A I D E L ’ H O R L O G E R U E D E H A R L A Y Q U A I D E S O R F E V R E S PL. DU PONT NEUF R. DES QUATRE VENTS PLACE EDMOND ROSTAND R U E S T - S E V E R I N R U E D E B UCI R U E S T- A NDRE DES ARTS RUE SUGER R . M A Z E T R U E M O N S I E U R L E P R I N C E R U E D E S E I N E ST- SULPI CE R U E D E L ' O D E O N R . D E L ’ A N C I E N N E C O M E D I E R U E M A Z A R I N E R U E H A U T E F E U I L L E R U E G U E N E G A U D R. DE SAVOI E R U E S E G U I E R R U E D E C O N D E B O N A P A R T E PLACE DE L’ I NSTI TUT CARREFOUR DE L’ODEON PLACE DU PANTHEON P L A C E D E L A S O R B O N N E R U E D E L A H U C H E T T E R iv e r S e in e R U E S O U F F L O T R . D E M E D I C I S R U E G A Y - L U S S A C R U E D A N T O N R U E D E T O U R N O N F O U R D E V A U G I RAR D R U E D E V A UGIRARD R . D E S E I N E R U E S T - J A C Q U E S P O N T S T - M I C H E L Q U A I D E C O N T I Q U A I D E S G R A N D S A U G U S T I N S D U L O U V R E B L V D S T - M I C H E L B O U L E V A R D S T - G E R M A I N M ALAQ U A I S B O U L E V A R D S T - M I C H E L R U E S T - J A C Q U E S Panthéon Lyceé Louis le Grand Chapelle de la Sorbonne La Sorbonne Musée National du Moyen Age St- Séverin Ste- Chapelle Odéon-Théatre de l’Europe Fontaine Médicis Café Tennis Courts Tennis Courts Marionettes Palais du Luxembourg Petit Luxembourg Orangerie St-Sulpice Halles St-Germain Palais Abbatial Musée Delacroix Direction RATP Hôtel des Monnaies Institut de France Palais de Justice Conciergerie St-Germain- l’Auxerrois Musée du Louvre D e n o n S u lly Université Paris V Université Paris VI Ecole de Médecine Jardin du Luxembourg CLUNY LA SORBONNE ST-MICHEL ODÉON MABILLON Ile de la Cité 150 metres 0 150 yards 0 N SHOPS CLUBS Barthélémy Le Bon Marché Debauve & Gallais Marché Raspail Le Mouton à Cinq Pattes Poilâne Sabbia Rosa Sonia/Sonia Rykiel Vanessa Bruno Village Voice Zadig & Voltaire Wagg 2 8 1 11 5 7 4 3 10 6 9 1 126 S T - G E R M A I N MUSÉE DELACROIX 6 rue de Furstenberg M Mabillon/ St-Germain-des-Prés T 01.44.41.86.50, W www.musee-delacroix.fr. Daily except Tues 9.30am–5pm. €5. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Te Musée Delacroix is tucked away halfway down rue de Furstenberg, opposite a tiny square and backing onto a secret garden. Although the artist’s major work is exhibited permanently at the Louvre (see p.42) and the Musée d’Orsay (see p.123), this museum, housed in the studio where the artist lived and worked from 1857 until his death in 1863, displays a refreshingly intimate collection, including a scattering of personal belongings and minor exhibitions of his work. PLACE ST-GERMAIN-DES-PRÉS M St-Germain-des-Prés. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Place St-Germain-des-Prés is the hub of the quartier, with the Deux Magots café (see p.129) on the corner of the square, Flore (see p.129) adjacent and Lipp (see p.130) across the boulevard St-Germain. All are renowned for the number of philosophico- politico-literary backsides that have shone – and continue to shine – their seats, along with plenty of celebrity-hunters. Picasso’s bust of a woman, dedicated to the poet Apollinaire, recalls the district’s creative heyday. ST-GERMAIN-DES-PRÉS Place St-Germain-des-Prés M St-Germain- des-Prés. Daily 7.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Te ancient tower overlooking place St-Germain-des-Prés belongs to the church of St-Germain, all that remains of an enormous Benedictine monastery. Inside, the transfor- mation from Romanesque to early Gothic is just about visible under the heavy green and gold nineteenth-century paintwork. Te last chapel on the south side contains the tomb of the philosopher René Descartes. ST-SULPICE Place St-Sulpice M St-Sulpice. Daily 7am–7.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B18 Te enormous, early eighteenth-century church of St-Sulpice is an austerely Classical building with Doric and Ionic colonnades and Corinthian pilasters in the towers. Te north tower is under reconstruction work until 2011, spoiling the aspect of the square somewhat; perhaps fttingly, on the south I N S I D E S T - S U L P I C E 127 S T - G E R M A I N tower you’ll see centuries- old uncut masonry blocks protruding from the top, still awaiting the sculptor’s chisel. Tere are three Delacroix murals in the frst chapel on the right, but most visitors come to see the gnomon, a kind of solar clock whose origins and purpose were so compellingly garbled by Te Da Vinci Code. JARDIN DU LUXEMBOURG M Odéon/RER Luxembourg. Daily dawn to dusk. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B18/19–C18/19 Fronting onto rue de Vaugirard, the Jardin du Luxembourg is the chief green space of the Lef Bank, its atmosphere a beguiling mixture of the formal and the relaxed. At the centre, the round pond and immaculate foral parterres are overlooked by the haughty Palais du Luxembourg, seat of the French Senate. Students sprawl on the garden’s famous metal chairs, children sail toy yachts, watch the puppets at the guignol, or run about in the playgrounds, and old men play boules or chess. In summer, the most contested spots are the shady Fontaine de Médicis in the northeast corner, and the lawns of the southernmost strip – one of the few areas where you’re allowed to lie on the grass. Te southwest corner is dotted with the works of famous sculptors. MUSÉE DU LUXEMBOURG 19 rue de Vaugirard M Odéon/RER Luxembourg T 01.42.34.25.95, W www .museeduluxembourg.fr. Mon, Fri & Sat 10.30am–10pm, Tues–Thurs 10.30am–7pm, Sun 9.30am–7pm. Around €10–15. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B18 Te Musée du Luxembourg, at the top end of rue de Vaugirard, hosts temporary art exhibitions that rank among the most ambitious in Paris – recent shows have included Vlaminck and Andy Warhol. MUSÉE MAILLOL 61 rue de Grenelle M Rue du Bac T 01.42.22.59.58, W www.museemaillol.com. Daily except Tues 10.30am–7pm. €11. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A17 Occupying a handsome eighteenth-century house, the Musée Maillol is stufed with Aristide Maillol’s sculpted female nudes, of which the curvaceous Mediterranean is his most famous. Other rooms house work by Matisse, Bonnard, Camille Bombois, and the odd minor work by Picasso, Degas, Cézanne, Gauguin and Suzanne Valadon. Te museum also organizes excellent exhibitions of contemporary art. O U T D O O R G A M E S I N T H E J A R D I N D U L U X E M B O U R G 128 S T - G E R M A I N Shops BARTHÉLÉMY 51 rue de Grenelle M Rue du Bac. Tues–Fri 8.30am–1pm & 4–7.15pm, Sat 8am–1.30pm & 3.30–7.15pm; closed Aug. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP E8 Tis aromatic nook sells carefully ripened seasonal cheeses to the rich and powerful, with attendants on hand to ofer expert advice. LE BON MARCHÉ 38 rue de Sèvres M Sèvres-Babylone. Mon–Wed & Sat 10am–8pm, Thurs & Fri 10am–9pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP E9 Te world’s oldest department store, founded in 1852, is a beautiful building and a classy place to shop – despite its name, this is a luxury emporium – with a legendary food hall. DEBAUVE & GALLAIS 30 rue des Saints-Pères M St-Germain-des- Prés/Sèvres-Babylone. Mon–Sat 9.30am–7pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A16 A beautiful, ancient shop specializing in expensive, ambrosial chocolates. MARCHÉ RASPAIL Bd Raspail, between rue du Cherche-Midi & rue de Rennes M Rennes. Tues & Fri; organic market Sun. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A18 Te Sunday organic market which takes over the broad central reservation of the boulevard is one of the classic experiences of bourgeois Paris. Come to people-watch as well as to browse, taste and shop. LE MOUTON À CINQ PATTES 138 bd St-Germain M Odéon/Mabillon. Mon–Sat 10.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17 Superb used/end-of-line clothes store. You might fnd a Helmut Lang or a Gaultier among the racks of bargains. Other branches at 8 rue St-Placide and 18 rue St-Placide (both Mon–Sat 10am–7pm; M Sèvres-Babylone). POILÂNE 8 rue du Cherche-Midi M Sèvres-Babylone. Mon–Sat 7.15am–8.15pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A17 Tis delicious-smelling bakery is the ultimate source of traditional sourdough pain Poilâne, and great for other baked treats. SABBIA ROSA 71–73 rue des Saints-Pères M St-Germain- des-Près. Mon–Sat 10am–7pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A17 Supermodels’ knickers – they all shop here – at supermodel prices in this famed store. Exquisite lingerie in buttery silk and Calais lace. SONIA/SONIA RYKIEL 61 rue des Saints-Pères M Sèvres-Babylone. Mon–Sat 10.30am–7pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A17 Sonia Rykiel has been an area institution since opening a store on bd St-Germain in 1968; this is a younger, less expensive ofshoot. S O N I A R Y K I E L 129 S T - G E R M A I N VANESSA BRUNO 25 rue St-Sulpice M Odéon. Mon–Sat 10.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Prices start in the hundreds for these efortlessly beautiful women’s fashions with a hint of hippy chic. VILLAGE VOICE 6 rue Princesse M Mabillon. Mon 2–7.30pm, Tues–Sat 10am–7.30pm, Sun noon–6pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Welcoming neighbourhood bookstore with a good selection of contemporary titles and British and American classics. ZADIG & VOLTAIRE 1 & 3 rue du Vieux Colombier M St-Sulpice. Mon–Sat 10.30am–7.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B18 Te women’s clothes at this pricey Parisian chain are pretty and feminine, not a million miles in style from agnès b. – whose shop is just opposite – but with a more wayward fair. Branches all over the city. Cafés BAR DU MARCHÉ 75 rue de Seine M Mabillon. Daily 7am–2am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Buzzing, old-fashioned café in the heart of the Buci market bustle, with serveurs kitted out in fat caps and market-trader dungarees. Plats €13, tartines from €5. CAFÉ DE FLORE 172 bd St-Germain M St-Germain-des-Prés. Daily 7am–1.30am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Te rival and neighbour of Les Deux Magots, with a trendier and more local clientele. Sartre, De Beauvoir, Camus et al used to hang out here – and there’s still the odd reading or debate. Come for the famous morning hot chocolate. Prices are high. CAFÉ DE LA MAIRIE 8 place St-Sulpice M St-Sulpice. Mon–Sat 7am–2am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 A pleasant, ever-popular café on the sunny north side of the square, opposite the church. LES DEUX MAGOTS 170 bd St-Germain M St-Germain-des-Prés. Daily 7.30am–1am; closed one week in Jan. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Tis historic Lef Bank intellec- tual hangout has fallen victim to its own fame. Prices are ridiculous, but it’s irresistible for people-watching. Come for breakfast (€20). LADURÉE 21 rue Bonaparte M St-Germain-des-Prés. Mon–Sat 8.30am–7.30pm, Sun 10am–7.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B16 Elegant outpost of Ladurée’s mini-empire, with a conserva- tory at the back and a decadent Second Empire lounge upstairs. Te famous macarons are out of this world, but they also do a good, if pricey, brunch. LA PALETTE 43 rue de Seine M Odéon. Mon–Sat 9am–2am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B16 Tis venerable art-student hangout is now frequented more by art dealers, though it’s still very relaxed, and the decor of paint-spattered palettes is superb. Tere’s a roomy terrasse outside. C A F É D E F L O R E 130 S T - G E R M A I N Restaurants AU 35 35 rue Jacob M St-Germain-des-Prés T 01.42.60.23.24. Daily noon–2.30pm & 7.30–11pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B16 Tis adorable, intimate bistrot, flled with Art Deco lamps, murals, mirrors and old posters, serves superb food: try a rich pastilla de poulet (chicken in pastry with honey and spices) or a simple salmon tartare. Lunch menus €18 and €22; around €40 à la carte without wine. ALLARD 41 rue St-André-des-Arts M Odéon T 01.43.26.48.23. Daily noon–2pm & 7–11.30pm; closed Mon & Sun in Aug. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17 Proudly unreconstructed restaurant serving meaty, rich standards. If it wasn’t for the almost exclusively inter- national clientele, you could be dining in another century. Menus from €22 (lunch) and €34 (dinner). L’ATLAS 11 rue de Buci M Mabillon T 01.40.51.26.30. Daily 6.30am–1am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17 Art Deco details are the only fuss at this unpretentious market brasserie, which serves good seafood and simple meaty dishes from €14. BRASSERIE LIPP 151 bd St-Germain M St-Germain-des-Prés T 01.45.48.53.91. Daily 11.45am–12.45am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 One of the most celebrated of the classic Paris brasseries, the haunt of the successful and famous, Lipp has a wonderful 1900s wood-and-glass interior. Decent plats, including the famous choucroute (sauerkraut), start at €20, but exploring the carte gets expensive. FERRANDAISE 8 rue de Vaugirard M St-Germain-des- Prés T 01.43.26.36.36. Mon–Thurs noon–2pm & 7.30–11pm, Fri noon–2pm & 7.30pm–midnight, Sat 7.30pm–midnight. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C18 Arty photos of cows line the fagstoned walls, and beef dominates the menu – though you’ll also fnd dishes such as minced cod with ratatouille, oven-steamed pike-perch or spiced strawberries in red wine. Lunch menu €15; €32/€44 at dinner. LAPÉROUSE 51 quai des Grands Augustins M St-Michel T 01.56.79.24.31. Mon–Fri noon–2.30pm & 7–11.30pm, Sat 7–11.30pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C16 Te food is unexceptionally traditional, the prices infated and the service patchy, but come for the experience: the eighteenth-century building on the Seine, the red plush seats, gilt pannelling and endless tarnished mirrors. Above all, come for the private dining rooms (lunch from €35, dinner at €130), where you summon the waiter with a push button. B R A S S E R I E L I P P 131 S T - G E R M A I N POLIDOR 41 rue Monsieur-le-Prince M Odéon T 01.43.26.95.34. Mon–Sat noon–2.30pm & 7pm–12.30am, Sun noon–2.30pm & 7–11pm. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C18 A Lef Bank classic, open since 1845, this bright, easy-going place bustles with aproned middle-aged waitresses and gets packed elbow-to-elbow with noisy diners. Good, solid French classics like conft de canard or guinea fowl, with plats from €13. Menus €28. LA TOURELLE 5 rue Hautefeuille M St-Michel T 01.46.33.12.47. Mon–Fri noon–3pm & 7–10.30pm, Sat 7–11.30pm; closed Aug. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17 Tis little bistrot, named afer the stone tower outside, is packed into a low-ceilinged, stone-walled, convivial room. Te cuisine is fresh, simple and traditional, and service is great. Menus €12 and €16 at lunch, €23 in the evening. No bookings. Bars LE 10 10 rue de l’Odéon M Odéon. Daily 6pm–2am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C18 Classic Art Deco-era posters line the walls of this small, dark, studenty bar. Te vaulted cellar bar gets noisy in the small hours. CHEZ GEORGES 11 rue des Canettes M Mabillon. Tues–Sat noon–2am; closed Aug. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B17 Tis delapidated wine bar, with its venerable zinc counter, is one of the few authentic addresses in an area ever-more dominated by theme pubs. Te young, studenty crowd gets good-naturedly rowdy later on in the cellar bar. L’ECHELLE DE JACOB 12 rue Jacob M St-Germain-des-Prés. Mon–Sat 10am–5am; closed Aug. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B16 Named the “Jacob’s ladder” for the staircase leading up to the intimate mezzanine bar, this is one for the exceptionally well-styled “Germainopratins” of the area, who squeeze onto velvet loungers for favoured Martinis and pre-club sounds. LES ETAGES ST-GERMAIN 5 rue de Buci M Mabillon. Daily noon–2am. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17 Bastion of boho trendiness at the edge of the Buci street market, with pop-retro banquettes outside and dog-eared armchairs inside. Great for a cofee while watching the street bustle and for people- watching over a cocktail. Club WAGG 62 rue Mazarine M Odéon T 01.55.42.22.01, W www.wagg.fr. Closed Aug. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17 Te WAGG pulls in a yuppie Lef Bank crowd for Eighties music, Latin beats, and the Seventies-themed “Carwash” nights on Fri. Entry €12. W A G G 132 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S TOUR MONTPARNASSE 33 av du Maine M Montparnasse-Bienvenüe T 01.45.38.52.56, W www.tourmontparnasse56 .com. April–Sept daily 9.30am–11.30pm; Oct– March Sun–Thurs 9.30am–10.30pm, Fri & Sat 9.30am–11pm. €10.50. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E11 Montparnasse and southern Paris Montparnasse divides the well-heeled opinion-formers of St-Germain and the 7 e from the relatively anonymous populations to the south. Long a kind of borderland of theatres, cinemas and cafés, Montparnasse still trades on its association with the wild characters of the interwar years. The artistic and literary glitterati have mostly ended up in Montparnasse cemetery, but cafés favoured by the likes of Picasso are still going strong on boulevard du Montparnasse, and there are plentiful artistic attractions: from the intimate museums dedicated to sculptors Zadkine and Bourdelle, to the contemporary exhibits at the Fondation Cartier and Fondation Cartier-Bresson. Further south, the riverside offers some intriguing attractions: to the east, the cutting-edge Paris Rive Gauche, and to the west, the futuristic Parc André-Citroën. At the station end of boulevard du Montparnasse, the 200-metre-high Tour Montpar- nasse skyscraper is one of the city’s principal and most despised landmarks. Tat said, the 360º view from the top is better than the one from the Eifel Tower, in that it includes the Eifel Tower – and excludes the Tour Montparnasse. It also costs less to ascend, and queues are far shorter. Te 56th-storey café-gallery ofers a tremen- dous view westwards; sunset is the best time to visit. JARDIN ATLANTIQUE Access by lifts on rue Cdt. R. Mouchotte and bd Vaugirard, or by the stairs alongside platform #1 in Montparnasse station M Montparnasse-Bienvenüe. Daily dawn–dusk. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E11 Montparnasse station was once the great arrival and departure point for travellers heading across the Atlantic, a T H E T O U R M O N T P A R N A S S E 133 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S connection commemorated in the unexpected Jardin Atlantique, suspended above the train tracks behind the station. Hemmed in by clif-like high-rise apartment blocks, the park is a fne example of Parisian fair, with felds of Atlantic-coast grasses, wave-like undulations in the lawns (to cover the irregularly placed concrete struts underneath) – and well-hidden ventilation holes that reveal sudden glimpses of TGV roofs and rail sleepers below. MUSÉE BOURDELLE 16–18 rue A. Bourdelle M Montparnasse- Bienvenüe/Falguière T 01.49.54.73.73, W www.bourdelle.paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Free, €7 during exhibitions. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E10 One block northwest of the tower, the Musée Bourdelle has been built around the atmospheric atelier of the early twentieth-century sculptor. Rodin’s pupil and Giacometti’s teacher, Antoine Bourdelle created bronze and stone works that move from a naturalistic style – as in the series of Beethoven busts – towards a more geometric Modernism, seen in his better-known, monumental sculptures, some of which sit in the garden. MUSÉE DU MONTPARNASSE 21 av du Maine M Montparnasse-Bienvenüe T 01.42.22.91.96, W www.museedu montparnasse.net. Tues–Sun 12.30–7pm. €6. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E10 A secretive, ivy-clad cobbled alley – a lovely remnant of the interwar years, lined today with bijou architects’ studios – leads to what was once the Russian painter Marie Vassilief’s studio. Between 1912 and 1929, Vassilief hosted fellow artists like Picasso, Léger, Modigliani, Chagall and Braque; the delightful space, now the Musée du Montparnasse, displays temporary cutting- edge exhibitions. MUSÉE ZADKINE 100bis rue d’Assas M Vavin/RER Port-Royal T 01.55.42.77.20, W www.zadkine.paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Free. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F10–11 Te cottage-like home and garden studios of Russian-born Cubist sculptor Ossip Zadkine, where he lived from 1928 to 1967, are occupied by the tiny Musée Zadkine. A mixture of elongated fgures and blockier works are displayed in the intimate rooms, while Cubist bronzes are scattered about the minuscule garden, sheltering under trees or emerging from clumps of bamboo. F O U N T A I N A T T H E J A R D I N A T L A N T I Q U E 134 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S FONDATION CARTIER POUR L’ART CONTEMPORAIN 261 bd Raspail M Raspail T 01.42.18.56.50, W www.fondation.cartier.fr. Tues 11am–10pm, Wed–Sun 11am–8pm. €6.50. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F11–12 Rue Schoelcher and boulevard Raspail, on the east side of Montparnasse cemetery, have some interesting examples of twentieth-century architecture, from Art Nouveau to the translucent glass-and-steel façade of the Fondation Cartier pour l’Art Contem porain. Designed in 1994 by Jean Nouvel, the venue presents contemporary installations, videos, grafti and multimedia – ofen by foreign artists little known in France – in high-quality temporary exhibitions that use the light-flled spaces to maximum advantage. THE CATACOMBS Place Denfert-Rochereau M Denfert- Rochereau T 01.43.22.47.63, W www .catacombes-de-paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–4pm. €8. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F12 For a surreal, somewhat chilling experience, head down into the catacombs below place Denfert-Rochereau, formerly place d’Enfer (Hell Square). Abandoned quarries stacked with millions of bones, cleared from overstocked charnel houses and cemeteries between 1785 and 1871, the catacombs are said to hold the remains of around six million Parisians, more than double the popu lation of the city, not counting the suburbs. Lining the gloomy passageways, long thigh bones are stacked end-on, forming a wall to keep in the smaller bones and shards, which can be seen in dusty PLACE RAOUL DAUTRY SQ. GASTON BATY PLACE DE CATALOGNE PLACE DENFERT- ROCHEREAU PLACE ET SQUARE OZANAM R U E J U L E S C H A P L A IN R U E A R M A N D M O I S A N T R U E D U C O M M A N D A N T R E N E M O U C H O T T E R. DU MAINE R U E P E R N E T Y R U E A L A I N R U E D E L A G A I T E R . G U IL L E M IN O T R U E D E L ’ O U E S T R U E D U C H A T E A U R U E D E P A R C I E U X R U E C E L S R U E G A S S E N D I R U E B O I S S O N A D E R . M A U R I C E R IP O C H E R U E S E V E R O R U E D A G U E R R E R U E D U C H A T E A U R U E L IA N C O U R T R U E D I D O T R U E L A L A N D E R U E D ELA M B R E R U E B R E A R U E V A V I N R U E E M I L E R I C H A R D R U E B O U L A R D V E R C I N G E T O R IX R U E R . D ’ O D E S S A PL. P. PICASSO R . D U R O U C H O U X R . S A I L L A R D P G E T E N A IL L E R U E V I C T O R S C H O E L C H E R R U E D E P L A I S A N C E R U E D E G E R G O V I E A V E N U E V I L L E M A I N PLACE BIENVENUE R U E D U M O N T P A R N A S S E R U E H U Y G H E N S R U E C A M P A G N E - P R E M I E R E R U E V E R C I N G E T O R I X R U E D ’ A S S E L I N E R U E D E L ’ E U R E D U M O U L IN V E R T R U E R U E D E L A S A B L I È R E R U E H I P P O L Y T E M A I N D R O N R U E C H A R L E S D IV R Y R U E M O U N T O N D U V E R N E T R U E E D O U A R D J A C Q U E S R U E D U M O U L I N D E S L A P I N S R U E B O Y E R - B A R R E T R U E R A Y M O N D L O S S E R A N D B L V D P A S T E U R R U E JEAN ZAY R U E F R O I D E V A U X A V E N U E D U M A I N E R U E D U D E P A R T B L V D D E V A U G I R A R D B L V D E D G A R Q U I N E T B O U L E V A R D D U M O N T P A R N A S S E B L V D R A S P A I L Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson Fondation Cartier pour l’Art Contemporain Musée de la Poste Mémorial du Maréchal Leclerc Gare Montparnasse Musée Bourdelle Tour Montparnasse Musée du Montparnasse Musée Zadkine Hôpital St-Vincent de Paul Catacombs entrance Jardin Atlantique Cimitière de Montparnasse MONTPARNASSE BIENVENÜE EDGAR QUINET RASPAIL VAVIN GAÎTÉ PERNETY DENFERT ROCHEREAU 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 N Montparnasse RESTAURANTS BARS ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS Aquarius La Coupole Au Vin des Rues Café Tournesol Hôtel de La Loire Hôtel Mistral Solar Hôtel L’Entrepôt Le Select 4 1 6 2 5 3 1 2 3 135 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S M O N T P A R N A S S E C E M E T E R Y F R O M A B O V E heaps behind. Tese femoral walls are further inset with gaping, hollow-eyed skulls, forming elaborate geometric patterns, while plaques carrying macabre quotations loom out of the gloom. It’s a fascinating place, but note that there are a good couple of kilometres to walk, and it can quickly become claustrophobic. FONDATION HENRI CARTIER- BRESSON 2 Impasse Lebouis M Gaîté T 01.56.80.27.00, W www.henricartierbresson .org. Tues, Thurs, Fri & Sun 1–6.30pm, Wed 1–8.30pm, Sat 11am–6.45pm; closed Aug. €6. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E12 Old-fashioned networks of streets still exist in the Pernety and Plaisance quartiers, south of Montparnasse cemetery, where the slender steel-and- glass Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson is hidden away. Te foundation houses the archive of the great Parisian photo journalist, and showcases the work of his contemporaries and of younger photographers. MONTPARNASSE CEMETERY Bd Edgar Quinet M Raspail/Gaîté/Edgar Quinet. Mid-March to Nov 5 Mon–Fri 8am–6pm, Sat 8.30am–6pm, Sun 9am–6pm; Nov 6 to mid-March closes 5.30pm. Free. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E11–F12 Second in size and celebrity to Père Lachaise, Montparnasse cemetery is an intriguing city of the dead, its ranks of minia- ture temples paying homage to illustrious names from Baudelaire to Beckett; pick up a free map at the entrance gate. Te unembellished joint grave of Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir lies right of the main entrance, while down avenue de l’Ouest, which follows the western wall, you’ll fnd the tombs of Baudelaire, the painter Soutine, Dadaist Tristan Tzara and Ossip Zadkine. Across rue Emile- Richard, in the eastern section, lie car-maker André Citroën, Guy de Maupassant, César Franck, and the celebrated victim of French anti-Semitism at the end of the nineteenth century, Captain Dreyfus. 136 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S ALLÉE DES CYGNES M Bir-Hakeim. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP A8–9 One of Paris’s most charming walks leads down from the middle of the Pont de Bir-Hakeim along the tree- lined Allée des Cygnes, a narrow, mid-stream island built up on raised concrete embank- ments. Once you’ve taken in the views of the Eifel Tower and both banks of the river, admired the passing coal barges and visited the curious small- scale version of the Statue of Liberty at the southern tip of the island, you might just share Samuel Beckett’s opinion of the place – it was one of his favourite spots in Paris. PARC ANDRÉ-CITROËN Quai André-Citroën M Balard. MAP P.138–139 Te riverfront south of the Eifel Tower is a dull swathe, bristling with ofce blocks and miniature skyscrapers; it’s brightened up at the south- western extreme of the city limits by the Parc André- Citroën, the site of the old Citroën motor works. Tis is not a park for traditionalists: there is a central grassy area, but elsewhere concrete terraces and walled gardens with abstract themes defne the modernist space. Its best features are the huge glass- houses full of exotic-smelling shrubs, the capricious set of automated fountains – on hot days you’ll see excitable teens dashing to and fro through its sudden spurts – and the tethered balloon (fne days only: 9am to roughly one hour before dusk; Mon–Fri €10, Sat and Sun €12), which rises and sinks regularly on calm days (call T 01.44.26.20.00 to check conditions). BUTTE-AUX-CAILLES M Corvisart/Place d’Italie. MAP P.137 Between boulevard Auguste- Blanqui and rue Bobillot, the lively hilltop quarter of Butte- aux-Cailles, with its little streets and cul-de-sacs of prewar houses and studios, is typical of pre-1960s Paris. Te rue de la Butte-aux-Cailles itself is the animated heart of the area, lined with unpretentious, youthful and vaguely lefy bars and restaurants, most of which stay open late. A L L É E D E S C Y G N E S 137 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S PARIS RIVE GAUCHE M Quai de la Gare/Bibliothèque François Mitterrand. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP K11–L12 Te easternmost edge of the 13 e arrondissement, between the river and the Austerlitz train tracks, has been transformed as part of the Paris Rive Gauche development. Te Passerelle Simone de Beauvoir, a €21-million footbridge crossing the Seine in a double-ribbon structure, sets the tone, while tethered barges have made the area a nightlife attraction. Te foating swimming pool, Piscine Josephine Baker, is a wonderful place to do a few laps, while south of rue Tolbiac, Les Frigos warehouse, once used for cold-storage of produce destined for Les Halles, is now an anarchic studio space, with a bar-restaurant and occasional exhibitions. Along Quai d’Austerlitz, warehouses are being transformed into Docks en Seine, an ultra-modern complex whose open spaces are set to hold a fashion museum, La Cité de la Mode et du Design. CHINATOWN M Tolbiac. MAP P.138–139 Paris’s best southeast Asian cuisine is to be found in Chinatown, home to several east Asian communities. Avenues de Choisy and d’Ivry are full of Vietnamese, Chinese, Tai, Cambodian and Laotian restaurants and food shops, as is Les Olympiades, a tattily futuristic pedestrian area seemingly suspended between tower blocks and accessed by escalators from rue Nationale, rue de Tolbiac and avenue d’Ivry. Parc de Choisy R U E E . M A N E T R U E R U B E N S RUE COYPEL A V E S T E P H E N P I C H O N R U E P R I M A T I C E R U E F A G O N R U E V E R O N E S E R . D E C R O U L E B A R B E R U E B E R B I E R D U M E T S R . W A T T E A U R U E G E O R G E - E A S T M A N R U E D U D O C T E U R M A G N A N R U E A U G U S T E P E R R E T R U E T O U S S A IN T F É R O N R . D E S D E U X A V E N U E S R U E M O U L I N E T V A N D R E Z A N N E P G E B A R R A U L T R U E A L P H A N D R U E D E L A B U T T E A U X C A IL L E S R U E D E S C I N Q D I A M A N T S R U E G É R A R D R . P È R E G U É R IN A V E D E L A S Œ U R R O S A L IE R . G O D E F R O Y R U E P A U L IN M É R Y R . S I M O N E T R U E B U O T R U E M IC H A L R U E M A R T I N B E R N A R D R U E R U E N I C O L A S F O R T I N R U E A B E L H O V E L A C Q U E R U E D U B A N Q U I E R R U E A L B E R T B A Y E T R U E C H A R L E S M O U R E U A V E N U E E D I S O N R U E R I C A U T R U E D U C H Â T E A U D E S R E N T I E R S R U E D U M O U L I N D E S P R É S R U E D E S R E C ULET T E S PLACE H. LANGLOI S R . C O R V I S A R T R U E D E C R O U L E B A R B E CENTRE COMMERCIAL ITALIE 2 R U E B O B I L L O T B L V D D E L ’ H O P I T A L A V E N U E D E S G O B E L I N S A V E D ’ I V R Y A V E N U E D E C H O I S Y A V E N U E D ’ I T A L I E PLACE D’ I TALI E B L V D A U G U S T E B L A N Q U I B L V D V I N C E N T A U R I O L R U E D E T O L B I A C Mairie Manufacture des Gobelins NATIONALE PLACE D’ITALIE TOLBIAC CORVISART 200 metres 0 200 yards 0 N Butte-aux-Cailles BARS ACCOMMODATION RESTAURANTS La Folie en Tête Le Merle Moqueur Oops Hôtel Tolbiac Le Bambou Chez Gladines 3 2 4 1 1 2 138 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE Quai de la Gare M Quai de la Gare/ Bibliothèque François Mitterrand T 01.53.79.40.43, W www.bnf.fr. Tues–Sat 10am–7pm, Sun 1–6pm. €3.30 for a reading room pass. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP L12 Architect Dominique Perrault’s Bibliothèque Nationale de France dominates this modernized section of the riverbank with four enormous L-shaped towers – intended to look like open books – framing a sunken pine copse. Glass walls alongside the trees allow dappled light to flter through to the underground library spaces. It’s worth wandering around inside to experience the structure at frst hand, and to see the pair of wonderful globes that belonged to Louis XIV; the garden level is reserved for accredited researchers only. T H E B I B L I O T H È Q U E N A T I O N A L E D E F R A N C E Q U A I D E G R E N E L L E A V E D E S E G U R A V E N U E D U M A I N E R U E D E B L V D S E V R E S R U E D E L A C O N V E N T I O N B L V D V I C T O R R U E G A B R I E L P É R I B O U L E V A R D B R U N E A V E N U E E MI L E Z O L A B L V D D E G R E N E L L E A V E D E B R E T E U I L B L V D D E S I N V A L I D E S R . C A M B R O N N E R U E L E C O U R B E R U E D E V A U G IR A R D R U E R U E G A B R I E L P É R I B L V D L E F E B V R E ALLEE DES CYGNES Gare Montparnasse Tour Montparnasse Hôpital St-Jacques Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades Hôpital Laënnec Ecole Militaire UNESCO Jardin Atlantique Parc du Champs de Mars Parc André- Citroën Parc Georges Brassens Cimetiere de Montrouge Esplanade du Souvenir Français Cimitière de Montparnasse MONTPARNASSE BIENVENÜE VOLONTAIRES VAUGIRARD CONVENTION PORTE DE VANVES MALAKOFF PLATEAU DE VANVES PASTEUR FALGUIÈRE SÈVRES LECOURBE DUROC EDGAR QUINET ST-PLACIDE RENNES SÈVRES BABYLONE VANEAU ST-FRANÇOIS XAVIER SÉGUR CAMBRONNE LA MOTTE PICQUET GRENELLE COMMERCE AVENUE EMILE ZOLA DUPLEIX FÉLIX FAURE BOUCICOUT LOURMEL CHARLES MICHELS JAVEL-ANDRÉ CITROËN GAÎTÉ PERNETY PLAISANCE ALÉSIA PORTE D’ORLÉANS MO N T P A R N A S S E A L É S I A V A U G I R A R D Southern Paris see Montparnasse ACCOMMODATION RESTAURANTS CLUBS SHOPS 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 Hôtel Port-Royal Hôtel Printemps Résidence les Gobelins Le Café du Commerce L’Os à Moëlle Tricotin Batofar La Dame de Canton Puces de Vanves 139 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S Shopping PUCES DE VANVES Av Georges-Lafenestre/av Marc-Sangnier M Porte-de-Vanves. Sat & Sun 7am–1pm (Marc-Sangnier), all day (Georges-Lafenestre). MAP P.138–139 Te city’s best fea market for original fnds, bric-a-brac and Parisian knick-knacks. It starts at daybreak and spreads along the pavements of avenues Marc-Sangnier and Georges- Lafenestre, petering out in place de la Porte-de-Vanves. Cafés L’ENTREPÔT 7–9 rue Francis-de-Pressensé M Pernety. Mon–Sat noon–2am. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E12 Tis is a lively, innovative arts cinema with a spacious, relaxed café and outdoor seating in the courtyard. Great Sunday brunch for €25), plats du jour for around €15–25, and occasional concerts held in the evening. LE SELECT 99 bd du Montparnasse M Vavin. Daily 7pm–2am, Fri & Sat till 4am. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F11 If you want to visit one of the great Montparnasse cafés, as frequented by Picasso, Matisse, Henry Miller and F. Scott Fitzgerald, make it this one. It’s the least spoilt and most traditional of them all, and has the lowest prices – it’s also conveniently located on the sunny side of the street. Te food, however, can be disappoin ting. C E L E S T I N S Q U A I D E S Q U A I D E L A R A P É E B O U L E V A R D S T - M I C H E L B L V D V . A U R I O L D R A S P A I L M O N G E R U E BOULEVARD ARAGO A V E N U E G E N . L E C L E R C A V E N U E R E N É C O T Y B L V D J O U R D A N B L V D D E P O R T- RO YA L B L V D D E L ’ H O P I T A L A V E N U E D E C H O I S Y R U E P A T A Y B L V D M A S S É N A A V E D ’ I T A L I E R . D E R E N N E S A V E L E D R U - R O L L I N B L V D H E N R I IV Q U A I S A I N T - B E R N A R D Q U A I D ’ A U S T E R L I T Z R U E D E T O L B I A C PL. D’ITALIE PL. JEANNE D’ARC B L V D K E L LE R M A N N R U E D E L ’ A M I R A L M O U C H E Z R U E D E L Y O N B L V D D I D E R O T A V E D E F R A N C E B L V D S T - M A R C E L D ’ A L É S I A Notre-Dame Val-de- Grâce Ecole Normale Supérieure St-Médard Mosquée de Paris Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Palais Omnisports de Paris Bercy Opéra Bastille Institut du Monde Arabe Panthéon La Sorbonne Palais du Luxembourg St- Sulpice Alliance Française Bibliothèque Nationale de France Passerelle S. de Beauvoir Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière Jussieu Campus Institut Curie Hôpital St-Vincent de Paul Observatoire de Paris Mairie Manufacture des Gobelins Stade Sébastien Charléty Hôpital Broca Port de Montebello Port de l’Arsenal Jardin des Plantes Parc Montsouris Parc de Choisy Jardin du Luxembourg GARE D’AUSTERLITZ MAUBERT MUTUALITÉ MONGE RASPAIL VAVIN NOTRE-DAME- DES-CHAMPS PORT ROYAL CENSIER DAUBENTON LUXEMBOURG GARE DE LYON QUAI DE LA RAPÉE SULLY MORLAND BASTILLE JUSSIEU CARDINAL LEMOINE CLUNY LA SORBONNE ST-MICHEL ODÉON MABILLON ST-SULPICE DENFERT ROCHEREAU CITÉ UNIVERSITAIRE LES GOBELINS ST-JACQUES GLACIÈRE CORVISART NATIONALE PLACE D’ITALIE TOLBIAC OLYMPIADES BIBLIOTHÉQUE FR. MITTERRAND MAISON BLANC CHEVALERET CAMPO FORMIO ST- MARCEL QUAI DE LA GARE Ile St-Louis Ile de la Cité R i v e r S e i n e Réservoirs de Montsouris B E R C Y Q U A R T I E R L AT I N S T - G E R MA I N B U T T E - A U X - C A I L L E S C H I N AT O WN P A R I S R I V E G A U C H E 500 metres 0 500 yards 0 N see Butte-aux-Cailles 140 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S Restaurants AQUARIUS 40 rue de Gergovie M Pernety/Plaisance T 01.45.41.36.88. Mon–Sat noon–2.15pm & 7–10.30pm; closed 3 weeks in Aug. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP D12 Te food is wholesome, if unspectacular, at this homely, welcoming and popular vegetarian restaurant. Nut roast, chilli and lasagne cost around €12, and there’s a menu at €15 (€12 at lunch). LE BAMBOU 70 rue Baudricourt M Tolbiac T 01.45.70.91.75. Tues–Sun 11.45am–3.30pm & 6.45–10.30pm. MAP P.137 Tiny Asian-quarter restaurant crammed with French and Vietnamese punters tucking into sublimely fresh-tasting Vietnamese dishes, such as pho soup (€8). LE CAFÉ DU COMMERCE 51 rue du Commerce M Emile-Zola T 01.45.75.03.27. Daily noon–3pm & 7pm–midnight. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP B10 Tis huge, former workers’ brasserie is a buzzing, dramatic place to eat, set on three lofy levels around a patio. Honest, high-quality meat is the speciality; expect to pay €15–18 for a plat (or €29.50 for the menu gourmet). Te lunch menu is a bargain at €15. CHEZ GLADINES 30 rue des Cinq-Diamants M Corvisart T 01.45.80.70.10. Mon, Tues & Sun noon–3pm & 7pm–midnight, Wed–Sat noon–3pm & 7pm–1am. MAP P.137 Cosy, welcoming and packed, this rickety corner bistrot serves hearty Basque and southwestern dishes – try mashed/fried potato with magret de canard (€11), a plat du jour for €8 or a giant warm salad for under €9. LA COUPOLE 102 bd du Montparnasse M Vavin T 01.43.20.14.20. Daily 8.30–10.30am & noon–1am. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F11 Te largest and loveliest of the old Montparnasse brasseries. Now part of the Flo chain, it remains a genuine institution, its Art Deco interior buzzing with atmosphere. Tasty food choices range from oysters to Welsh rarebit, with plenty of classics in between; menus at €19.90, €24 and €29.50. L’OS À MOËLLE 3 rue Vasco da Gama M Lourmel T 01.45.57.27.27. Tues–Sun noon–2pm & 7.30–11.30pm; closed 3 weeks in Aug. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP A11 Te highlight of chef Tierry Faucher’s relaxed bistrot is the €35 menu of four courses of superb French cuisine. La Cave de l’Os à Moelle ( T 01.45.57.28.88), across the road, is a no-frills ofshoot with communal, help-yourself tables laden with homely food. Book in advance for either. L ’ O S À M O Ë L L E 141 M O N T P A R N A S S E A N D S O U T H E R N P A R I S TRICOTIN 15 av de Choisy M Porte-de-Choisy T 01.45.85.51.52 & 01.45.84.74.44. Daily 9am–11.30pm. MAP P.138–139 Set back from the avenue at the south end of Chinatown, the ever-popular Tricotin comprises two restaurants. While broadly similar, no. 1 (closed Tues) specializes in Tai and grilled dishes, and the larger no. 2 has a longer list of Vietnamese, Cambodian and steamed foods. At both, the pho and Tai soups, starting at €5, are exceptional. Plats from €8. AU VIN DES RUES 21 rue Boulard M Denfert-Rochereau T 01.43.22.19.78. Mon–Sat noon–3pm & 7.30–11pm, Sun 7.30–11pm. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F12 Tis wonderfully unrecons- tructed bistrot ofers French classics (andouillette, pavé of salmon and so on) and good wines. Te atmosphere is casual and convivial. Main courses around €20. Bars CAFÉ TOURNESOL 9 rue de la Gaîté M Edgar Quinet. Daily 7am–2am. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E11 Tis corner café-bar attracts bohemian twenty-somethings for its distressed chic, outside tables and cool playlists. LA FOLIE EN TÊTE 33 rue Butte-aux-Cailles M Place-d’Italie/Corvisart. Mon–Sat 5pm–2am, Sun 5pm–midnight. Happy hour 6–8pm. MAP P.137 Te classic Butte-aux-Cailles bar: friendly and alternative, serving drinks and snacks in the day and playing a wide- ranging soundtrack, from world music to chanson, at night. LE MERLE MOQUEUR 11 rue Butte-aux-Cailles M Place-d’Italie/Corvisart. Daily 5pm–2am. MAP P.137 Tis narrow, distressed-chic bar – which saw the Parisian debut of Manu Chao – serves up favoured rums and an alter native playlist to a young, noisy crowd. Clubs BATOFAR Quai François Mauriac M Quai-de-la-Gare T 01.53.60.17.30, W www.batofar.org. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP L12 Atmospherically moored on the river in front of the Bibliothèque Nationale, this lighthouse boat ofers a quirky space for electro, house, techno, hip-hop, experimental funk and all sorts. Entry €8–13. LA DAME DE CANTON Quai François Mauriac M Quai-de-la-Gare T 01.53.61.08.49, W www.damedecanton .com. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP L12 Another kooky foating venue, Batofar’s neighbour is a beautiful Chinese junk that hosts relaxed but upbeat world music, chanson and DJ nights, along with edgy music hall and kids’ shows. L A F O L I E E N T Ê T E 142 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S M É T R O A T P L A C E D E S A B B E S S E S BUTTE MONTMARTRE M Anvers/Abbesses. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3–H3 Despite being one of the city’s chief tourist attractions, the slopes of the Butte Montmartre manage to retain the quiet, almost secretive, air of their rural origins, charming streets ofering lovely views back over the city. Te quickest way up is by the funicular, which is part of the city’s métro system, but it’s more fun to walk up through the winding streets from Abbesses métro. PLACE DES ABBESSES M Anvers/Abbesses. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Shady place des Abbesses, featuring one of Paris’s few complete surviving Guimard Art Nouveau métro entrances, is the hub of a lively neighbour- hood. Te streets immediately around the square are relatively Montmartre and northern Paris One of Paris’s most romantic quarters, Montmartre is famed for its association with artists like Renoir, Degas, Picasso and Toulouse-Lautrec. It long existed as a hilltop village outside the city walls, and today the steep streets around the Butte Montmartre, Paris’s highest point, preserve an attractively village-like atmosphere – although the crown of the hill, around place du Tertre, is overrun with tourists. The Butte is topped by the church of Sacré-Coeur and its landmark bulbous white domes. While Montmartre continues to gentrify, brassy Pigalle still laps up against the foot of the Butte, its boulevards buzzing with fast-food outlets, cabarets, clubs and, of course, strip shows. South again is the genteel 9 e arrondissement, while on the northern edge of the city, the mammoth St-Ouen market hawks everything from antiques to hand-me-downs. 143 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S chichi for Montmartre, flled with buzzing wine bars, laid- back restaurants and little boutiques – good to explore if you’re afer one-of outfts and accessories, and great to hang out in of an evening. From here you can head up rue de la Vieuville, from where the stairs in rue Drevet lead to the minuscule place du Calvaire, which has a lovely view back over the city. PLACE EMILE-GOUDEAU M Abbesses/Anvers. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Halfway up steep, curving rue Ravignan is tiny place Emile-Goudeau, where Picasso, Braque and Juan Gris initiated the Cubist movement in an old piano factory known as the Bateau-Lavoir. Te current building, a faithful recon- struction, is still occupied by studios. With its bench and little iron fountain, the place is a lovely spot to draw breath on your way up the Butte. PLACE DU TERTRE M Abbesses. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Te bogus heart of Montmartre, the place du Tertre is best avoided: clotted with tour groups, overpriced restaurants, tacky souvenir stalls and jaded street artists. At the east end of the place, however, stands the serene church of St-Pierre-de- Montmartre, the oldest in Paris, along with St-Germain- des-Prés. Although much altered since it was built as a Benedictine convent in the twelfh century, the church retains its Romanesque and early Gothic character, with four ancient columns, probably lefovers from the Roman shrine that stood on the hill (which they knew as mons mercurii – Mercury’s Hill). MUSÉE DE L’EROTISME 72 bd Clichy M Blanche T 01.42.58.28.73, W www.musee-erotisme.com. Daily 10am–2am. €9. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F3 Appropriately set amongst the sex shops and shows of Pigalle, the Musée de l’Erotisme explores diferent cultures’ approaches to sex. Two foors brim with sacred and ethno- graphic art – displaying proud phalluses and well-practised positions from Asia, Africa and pre-Colombian Latin America, plus satirical European curio- sities – and feature a fascinating history of Parisian brothels; the remaining fve foors are flled with temporary exhibits. E X H I B I T A T T H E M U S É E D E L ’ E R O T I S M E 144 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S SQUARE BERLIOZ SQUARE DE LA TRINITE SQ. J. RICTUS SQ. NADAR PLACE DES VICTOIRES PLACE DE BUDAPEST PLACE DE DUBLIN PL. E. GOUDEAU R. DE LA VIEUVILLE PL. DES ABBESSES R U E F A V A R T RUE DES FILLES ST THOMAS R . D U H E L D E R R . D E M A R I V A U X R . D E C H O I S E U L RUE FEYDEAU R . D E G R A M O N T P L . D E L A B O U R S E R U E C A R D M E R C IE R RUE DE PARME SQ U A R E M O N C EY R U E G O D O T D E M A U R O Y R . V I G N O N R U E S C R I B E RUE DUPERRÉ C I T E C . G O D O N RUE DE LA GRANGE BATELIERE R . V O L N E Y R U E S A Y R U E C R ETET R . D A N C O U R T R. DE LA TOUR DES DAMES R U E D A U N O U R U E R O S S I N I R . L E P E L E T I E R R U E P . G I N I E R R U E D E B R U X E L L E S P G E D E C L I C H Y R U E R . P L A N Q U E T T E R U E C O N S T A N C E R U E D E L 'A R M E E D 'O R IE N T C I T E D U M I D I R U E P . H A R E T R U E A . B A R S A C Q PLACE G. PERI COUR DE ROME COUR DU HAVRE PLACE DU HAVRE PASSAGE COMMUN C I T E D E L O N D R E S PLACE D'ESTIENNE D'ORVES PLACE DIAGHILEV PLACE BLANCHE CITE D'ANTIN R . T A I T B O U T R. DE HANOVRE R . L O U I S L E G R A N D PL. GAILLON PLACE BOIELDIEU R U E D R O U O T PLACE PIGALLE PL. DU TERTRE R. P. FEV A L R . L A M A R C K R . N O R V IN S R U E N O R V I N S A V E N U E J U N O T A V E J U N O T R . G I R A R D O N R U E S T - VI NCENT R. SIMON DEREURE L ’ A B R E U V O IR R U E D E R U E D E S S A U L E S R U E D E RUE R U E S T - L A Z A RE R U E L E C L U S E R U E D A R C E T R . G A N N E R O N R U E G A N N E R O N R U E D E L I E G E R . D E T U R I N RUE D’ATHENES RUE DE MILAN R . D E B U D A P E S T R U E B A L L U R UE M ONCEY R . D E V I N T I M I L L E R U E D E L A VI CT O I R E R. MANSART R . D E C A L A IS RUE JOUBERT R U E D E S A B B E S S E S R . J O S E P H D E M A IS T R E R U E D E R I C H E L I E U R U E ST-M ARC R U E L A F F I T T E R U E S T - G E O R G E S R . D E C A U M A R T I N R . B U F F A U L T R U E C H O R O N R U E L A B R U Y E R E R U E C LA U Z E L R U E D E N A V A R IN R U E M I L T O N R U E P I G A L L E R . C H A P T A L R U E P I G A L L E R U E D E L A R O C H E F O U C A U L D R U E D ’ A U M A L E R U E L A F E R R I E R E R U E H . M O N N I E R R U E D E S M A R T Y R S R U E L A L L I E R R U E D U R A N T IN R U E D E S T R O IS F R E R E S R . H IP P O LYTE LEB A S RUE D’ORSEL R . B U R Q R U E V E R O N R . G E R M A I N P I L O N R . D E S M A R T Y R S R U E L E P I C A V E R A C H E L R U E D A M R É M O N T RUE Y. LE TAC R U E H O U D O N R . L E P I C R U E L EPI C R U E L E P I C R . C H A P P E R U E T O U R L A Q U E R U E J O S E P H D E M A I S T R E R . F O R E S T R . C A V A L L O T T I R U E C A P R O N R U E B I O T R . D E S M A R T Y R S R U E T H O L O Z É PL. J-B CLEMENT R . D E F L O R E N C E R. DE BUCAREST RUE J. LEFEBVRE R U E D E L A B A N Q U E R U E C O L B E R T R . D E B E A U J O L A IS R U E T A I T B O U T R U E F R O M E N T I N R U E E U G E N E C A R R I E R E R U E R A V I G N A N R U E A . A N T O I N E R U E C A U C H O IS R U E D E S P E T I T S C H A M P S R . D E S E Z E R U E D E L A P A I X R U E D E C A U M A R T I N R U E V I V I E N N E R U E V I V I E N N E PLACE DE L'OPERA RUE CAULAI NCOURT R U E C A U L A I N C O U R T A V E D E S T - O U E N R U E D E C H A T E A U D U N R U E A U B E R R . D U H A V R E R U E D ’ A M S T E R D A M R U E D ’ A M S T E R D A M R U E D E L O N D R E S R U E D E S T - P É T E R S B O U R G R U E D E M O S C O U A V E N U E R U E F O N T A I N E R U E N O T R E - D A M E D E L O R E T T E R U E R U E D E R I C H E L I E U R U E D U Q U A T R E S E P T E M B R E A V E D E L ’ O P E R A R U E D E S MAT H U R I N S R U E H A L E V Y R U E D E L A C H A U S S E E D ' A N T I N RUE DE PROVENCE R U E DE P R OV E NCE R U E DE P R OV E NC E R U E B L A N C H E R U E B L A N C H E R U E C A U L A I N C O U R T R U E D E C L I C H Y R U E D E S D A M E S R U E D U F A U B O U R G R U E V I C T O R M A S S E R U E D E D O U A I R . S T - L A Z A R E B LV D D E L A M A D E L E IN E R U E T R O N C H E T B O U L E V A R D D E S C A P U C I N E S B O U L E V A R D H A U S S M A N N R U E L A F A Y E T T E B L V D B O U L E V A R D D E C L I C H Y A V E N U E D E C L I C H Y B O U L E V A R D M O N T M A R T R E Olympia Direction Générale SNCF Galeries Lafayette Printemps Opéra Garnier Eglise de la Madeleine Musée Gustave Moreau Ste-Trinité Notre-Dame de Lorette Musée de la Vie Romantique Moulin Rouge Musée de l’Erotisme Gare St-Lazare St-Pierre de Montmartre Musée de Montmartre Moulin de la Galette Bateau- Lavoir Bibliothèque Nationale Richelieu Palais Royal Banque de France Bourse des Valeurs Notre-Dame des Victoires St-Jean de Montmartre Cimetière de Montmartre Cimetière St-Vincent Montmartre Vineyard MADELEINE HAVRE CAUMARTIN ST-LAZARE AUBER CHAUSSÉE D’ANTIN OPÉRA LIÈGE TRINITÉ ST-GEORGES BLANCHE BOURSE LE PELETIER RICHELIEU DROUOT QUATRE SEPTEMBRE NOTRE-DAME DE LORETTE PIGALLE ABBESSES LAMARCK CAULAINCOURT PLACE DE CLICHY LA FOURCHE BUTTE MONTMARTRE RESTAURANTS BARS ACCOMMODATION CAFÉS Café Burq Casa Olympe Chez Casimir Flo Le Relais Gascon Chez Camille Au Clair de la Lune La Fourmi Hôtel Amour Hôtel des Arts Bonséjour Montmartre Caulaincourt Square Hôtel Eldorado Hôtel Ermitage Hôtel Langlois Style Hôtel Le Village Hostel Woodstock Hostel Café des Deux Moulins 2 8 7 9 5 3 1 6 4 8 3 4 1 6 2 10 5 7 9 Montmartre & northern Paris 145 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S SQ. ST-VINCENT DE PAUL SQ. DU PGE LEON SQUARE D'ANVERS SQUARE DE JESSAINT SQUARE A. SATRAGNE SQUARE DE MONTHOLON SQ. EMILE CHAUTEMPS PLACE FRANZ LISZT PLACE DE ROUBAIX PLACE DU 8 NOV 1942 PLACE DE VALENCIENNES SQ. ST-BERNARD RUE MANDAR R. BACHAUMONT P G E B E N A I A D P L . D ' A N V E R S R . D E C H A N T I L L Y R U E D E S M E S S A G E R IE S R . P I E R R E S E M A R D R U E G . M A R IE CITE PARADIS R U E A . T H O M A S R U E B ER G ER E R . S T - J O S E P H R U E S T - F I A C R E R . D U C R O IS S A N T R . D U N IL R U E G . P A T I N RUE AM BROISE PARE R U E D E R O C R O Y R . F E N E L O N R . B O S S U E T COUR DE LA FERM E ST-LAZARE P G E D U D E S IR R .JA R R Y RUE DES 2 GARES R . T A Y L O R C I T E R I V E R I N R U E B O U C H A R D O N R U E D E N A N C Y R U E S T E - F O Y R U E M A R T E L C O U R D E S P E T IT E S E C U R IE S R U E D ’U Z E S R U E D E L A F ID E L IT E R U E D U S E N T I E R RUE L. CLADEL R U E C H R IS T IA N I R U E B E L H O M M E R U E S E V E S T E R . D E J E A N R U E D E S I S L E T T E S RUE DE LAGHOUAT CITE DE LA CHAPELLE PGE RUELLE R U E D E M A U B E U G E CITE BERGERE PL. DU CHATEAU ROUGE R. DE BELZUNCE PLACE DU 11 NOV 1918 C I T E D E T R E V I S E PORTE ST-DENIS R. DE LA LUNE RUE BEA U R EG A R D LEOPO L D B E L L A N RUE R U E M O N T O R G U E I L R U E D U C A IR E R U E R A M E Y R U E R A M E Y R . P O U L E T R U E E R N E S T I N E R U E L A B A T RUE D’ ORAN R U E S T E P H E N S O N R . S T E P H E N S O N R U E L E O N R U E L E O N R . D E S P O I S S O N N I E R S R . D E S P O I S S O N N I E R S R . E . D U P L O Y E R U E L A M A R C K R . L A M A R C K R. P. BUDIN R. DU BAI GNEUR R . P A P I L L O N R U E C A D E T L A T O U R D ’ A U V E R G N E R U E D E B E L L E F O N D LAMARTI NE R U E D U M A IL R . S T -S A U V E U R R U E G R EN ETA RUE G. LAUMAIN RUE D E C H ABRO L R U E D U F A U B O U R G S T - D E N I S R U E D ’ A L S A C E RUE STE-CECILE T R . S A U L N I E R R U E D E T R E V I S E R U E T U R G O T R U E G E R A N D O RUE PETRELLE RUE DU DELTA R . D E C L I G N A N C O U R T R U E D E C L I G N A N C O U R T R U E D U F A U B O U R G P O I S S O N I E R E R U E D ’O R S EL R U E R O D I E R R U E R O D I E R R U E D E R O C H E C H O U A R T R U E D E S O F IA R U E LABAT RUE DE LA GOUTTE D’OR R. ST-MATHIEU R . D E C H A R T R E S R U E D E L A C H A R B O N N IE R E R. NICOLET R . B A C H E L E T RUE MYRHA R U E M Y R H A R. M YR HA RU E R IC H O M M E RUE CAVE R. DE JESSAI NT R U E P O L O N C E A U R U E A F F R E R U E B E C Q U E R E L R. FALCONET R. A. DEL SARTE R . P A U L A L B E R T R U E M U L L E R R U E R O N S A R D PGE COTTIN R . F O Y A T I E R PLACE ST-PIERRE R . C U S T I N E S Q . D E L A T U R L U R E R U E P. P I CAR D R. DE MONTYON R U E D E R O C H E C H O U A R T R U E D E S J E U N E U R S R. DES PETITS HOTELS R U E D ’ A B B E V I L L E R U E D ’ A B O U K I R R U E R E A U M U R R U E P O I S S O N N I E R E R U E BL E UE R U E D U F A U B O U R G P O I S S O N N I E R E R U E D O U D E A U V I L L E R U E C U S T I N E R U E D E C L E R Y T R U D A I N E R U E D E M A U B E U G E D E M A U B E U G E R U E C O N D O R C E T R U E S T - D E N I S R U E D ’ H A U T E V I L L E R U E D ’ H A U T E V I L L E R U E D ' E N G H I E N R U E D U F A U B O U R G P O I S S O N N I E R E R U E D U C H A T E A U D ’ E A U RUE DES PETI TES E C U R I E S R U E R I C H E R R U E D E L ' E C H I Q U I E R R U E D E P A R A D I S R U E D U L O U V R E R U E D E D U N K E R Q U E M O N T M A R T R E R U E M O N T M A R T R E R U E D U 8 M A I 1 9 4 5 R U E E T IE N N E M A R C E L B O U L E V A R D D E S T R A S B O U R G B L V D P O I S S O N N I E R E B L V D S T - D E N IS B O N N E N O U V E L L E B O U L E V A R D D E R U E D U F A U B O U R G S T - M A R T I N R U E R E A U M U R B L V D D E M A G E N T A R U E L A F A Y E T T E R U E M A R X D O R M O Y R U E D U F A U B O U R G S T - D E N I S B O U L E V A R D B A R B E S R U E L A F A Y E T T E B O U L E V A R D D E L A C H A P E L L E D E R O C H E C H O U A R T Musée des Arts et Métiers Gare du Nord Marché Dejean Gare de l’Est Hôpital Fernand Widal Musée Grévin Folies Bergère Halle St-Pierre Sacré- Cœur SENTIER STRASBOURG ST-DENIS CHÂTEAU D’EAU LA CHAPELLE GARE DU NORD GARE DE L’EST GRANDS BOULEVARDS BONNE NOUVELLE CADET POISSONNIÈRE ANVERS BARBÈS ROCHECHOUART CHATEAU ROUGE SHOPS CLUBS & LIVE MUSIC Arnaud Delmontel No Good Store Puces de St-Ouen Spree La Cigale Le Divan du Monde Au Lapin Agile New Morning Les Trois Baudets 3 4 1 2 4 3 1 5 2 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 N 146 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S SACRÉ-COEUR M Anvers/Abbesses. Daily 6.45am–10.30pm. Free. Dome daily: April, May, Sept & Oct 9.30am–6.45pm; June–Aug 9.30am–8pm. €5. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Crowning the Butte, Sacré- Coeur is a pastiche of Byzantine-style architecture, whose white tower and ice-cream-scoop dome has become an icon of the Paris skyline. Construction was started in the 1870s on the initiative of the Catholic Church to atone for the “crimes” of the revolutionary Commune, which frst attempted to seize power from the heights of Montmartre. Tere’s little to see in the soulless interior, but the view from the dome is fantastic – best enjoyed early in the morning or later in the afernoon if you don’t want to look straight into the sun. Square Willette, at the foot of the monumental staircase, is named afer the local artist who turned out on inauguration day to shout “Long live the devil!” Today the staircase acts as impromptu seating for visitors enjoying views, munching on picnics and tolerating the street entertainers; the crowds, and the guitar strumming, only increase as night falls. MOULIN DE LA GALETTE Rue Lepic M Abbesses/Lamarck– Caulaincourt. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 One atmospheric way to get to the top of the Butte is to head up rue Tolozé, turning right below the wooden Moulin de la Galette into rue des Norvins. Te moulin is one of two survi- vors of Montmartre’s forty-odd windmills (the other sits on an adjacent street corner, on top of a restaurant confusingly given the same name), and was once a guingette, holding fashionable dances – as immortalized by Renoir in his Bal du Moulin de la Galette, which hangs in the Musée d’Orsay. MUSÉE DE MONTMARTRE 12 rue Cortot M Lamarck-Caulaincourt T 01.49.25.89.37, W www.museede montmartre.fr. Tues–Sun 11am–6pm. €8. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Te intriguing little Musée de Montmartre, set in an old house on a quiet street, recaptures something of the feel of the quarter’s bohemian days, lining its period rooms with old posters, paintings and personal photos. Te house, rented variously by Renoir, Dufy, Suzanne Valadon and her alcoholic son Utrillo, also ofers views over the neat terraces of the tiny Montmartre vineyard T H E S A C R É - C Œ U R 147 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S – which produces some 1500 bottles a year – on the north side of the Butte. You can walk round to the vineyard, where the steep rue de Saules falls away past the famous cabaret club Au Lapin Agile (see p.151); these are among the quietest and least touristy streets in Montmartre, and lovely for a romantic stroll. MONTMARTRE CEMETERY Entrance on av Rachel, underneath rue Caulaincourt M Blanche/Place-de-Clichy. Mid-March to Nov 5 Mon–Fri 8am–6pm, Sat 8.30am–6pm, Sun 9am–6pm; Nov 6 to mid-March closes 5.30pm. Free. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F2–3 West of the Butte, the Montmartre cemetery is an intimate, melancholy place: tucked down below street level in the hollow of an old quarry, its steep tomb-dotted hills create a sombre ravine of the dead. Te graves of Nijinsky, Zola, Stendhal, Berlioz, Degas, Feydeau, Ofenbach and Trufaut, among others, are marked on a free map available at the entrance. PIGALLE M Pigalle. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F3–H4 From place Clichy in the west to Barbès-Rochechouart in the east, the southern slopes of Montmartre are bordered by the broad boulevards de Clichy and Rochechouart. At the Barbès end of bd Rochechouart crowds teem around the cheap Tati department stores, while African street vendors hawk textiles, watches and trinkets from the pavements. At the place de Clichy end, tour buses spill their contents into massive hotels. Te area where the two roads meet, around place Pigalle, has long been associated with sleaze, with sex shows, sex shops and streetwalkers vying for custom. Tere are a few trendy bars, but it’s still pretty tawdry. THE MOULIN ROUGE 82 bd de Clichy M Blanche T 01.53.09.82.82, W www.moulinrouge.fr. Shows at 9pm & 11pm. From €90. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F3 Tough its environs have lost the glamour they once had, you can’t help but be drawn towards the tatty red windmill, its windows flled with photos of beaming showgirls. When Toulouse-Lautrec immortalized Moulin Rouge in his paintings, it was one of many such bawdy, populist cabarets in the area; nowadays, it survives on its reputation, ofering expensive Vegas-style dinner- and-show deals to coachloads of package-tourists. M O N T M A R T R E C E M E T E R Y 148 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S MUSÉE DE LA VIE ROMANTIQUE 16 rue Chaptal M St-Georges/Blanche/ Pigalle T 01.55.31.95.67, W www.vie -romantique.paris.fr. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. €3.50–9 for exhibitions, otherwise free. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F4 Te Musée de la Vie Romantique evokes the era when this quarter was the home of Chopin, Delacroix, Dumas and other prominent fgures in the Romantic movement. Te bourgeois shuttered house, on a cobbled courtyard, once belonged to the painter Ary Schefer; in addition to his sentimental portraits and the restored period interiors, you can see bits and pieces associated with his friend George Sand. MUSÉE MOREAU 14 rue de La Rochefoucauld M Trinité T 01.48.74.18.71, W www.musee-moreau.fr. Daily except Tues 10am–5.15pm. €7.50. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F4 Te little-visited museum dedicated to the fantastical Symbolist works of Gustave Moreau was conceived by the artist himself, to be carved out of the house he shared with his parents for many years – you can visit their tiny apartments, crammed with furniture and trinkets. Connected by a beautiful spiral staircase, the two huge, studio-like spaces are no less cluttered: Moreau’s decadent canvases hang cheek by jowl, every surface crawling with fgures and decorative swirls, or alive with deep colours and provocative symbolism, as in the museum’s pièce de résistance, Jupiter and Séméle. MARCHÉ DEJEAN Rue Dejean M Château Rouge. Tues–Sat roughly 9am–2pm. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP H3 Afer World War I, when large numbers of North Africans were frst imported to replenish the ranks of Frenchmen dying in the trenches, the swathe of Paris north of the Gare du Nord gradually became an immigrant ghetto. Today, while the quartier remains poor, it is a vibrant place, home to a host of mini-communities, predom- inantly West African and Congolese, but with pockets of South Asian, Haitian, Turkish and other ethnicities as well. Countless shops sell ethnic music and fabrics, but the main sight for visitors is on rue Dejean, a few steps east of métro Château-Rouge, where the Marché Dejean heaves with African groceries, exotic fsh and halal meat. I N S I D E T H E M U S É E M O R E A U 149 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S Shops ARNAUD DELMONTEL 39 rue des Martyrs M St-Georges. Mon & Wed–Sun 7am–8.30pm. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4 Exquisite Parisian patisserie with a funky twist, its bavaroises, macarons and tarts decorated in fresh candy colours. Te award-winning bread is outstanding, too. NO GOOD STORE 52 rue des Martyrs M Pigalle. Mon noon–7pm, Tues–Sat 11am–8pm. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4 Long known for gourmet foods, rue des Martyrs is fast becoming the trendiest shopping street in Paris. Tis boutique stocks mostly younger, more urban designers (prices around €100–200), with some vintage wear. PUCES DE ST-OUEN M Porte de Clignancourt. Ofﬁcially (many stands closed Mon) Sat–Mon 9am–6.30pm – unofﬁcially, from 5am. MAP P.144–145 Spreading beyond the périphérique at the northern edge of the city, between the Porte de St-Ouen and the Porte de Clignancourt, the puces de St-Ouen claims to be the largest fea market in the world, though nowadays it’s predominantly a proper – and pricey – antiques market. Mainly selling furniture, with all sorts of fashionable junk like old café-bar counters, telephones, trafc lights, jukeboxes and the like, it ofers many quirky treasures. Of the twelve or so individual markets, you could concentrate on Marché Dauphine, good for movie posters, chanson and jazz records, comics and books, and Marché Vernaison for curios and bric-a-brac. Under the fyover of the périphérique, vendors hawk counterfeit clothing, sunglasses and pirated DVDs, while cup-and-ball scam merchants try their luck. SPREE 16 rue de la Vieuville M Abbesses. Mon 2–7pm, Tues–Sat 11am–7.30pm. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Tis funky, feminine clothing store/gallery led by designers such as Vanessa Bruno, Isabel Marant and Christian Wijnants is typical of the trendy Abbesses scene. It also stocks vintage pieces, accessories, furniture and beauty products. Café CAFÉ DES DEUX MOULINS 15 rue Lepic M Blanche. Mon–Sat 7am–2am, Sun 8am–2am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F3 Once a must-see for fans on the Amélie trail (she waited tables here in the flm), this comfortably shabby retro diner/café is now a down-to- earth neighbour hood hangout once more – burly ouvriers in the morning, hipsters in the evening – serving breakfasts, brunches and standard plats at good prices. I T E M S F O R S A L E A T T H E P U C E S D E S T - O U E N 150 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S Restaurants CAFÉ BURQ 6 rue Burq M Blanche/Abbesses T 01.42.52.81.27. Mon–Sat 7pm–2am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Trendy neighbourhood restaurant ofering (from 8pm to midnight) simple, delicious food – guacamole of peas and chorizo, dorade with asparagus pesto. Te only decoration is provided by the unfailingly beautiful – not unfriendly – crowd, with whom you’ll be pressed elbow to elbow. Menus €26/€30 at dinner. CASA OLYMPE 48 rue St-Georges M St-Georges T 01.42.85.26.01. Mon–Fri noon–2pm & 8–11pm; closed ﬁrst 3 weeks in Aug. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4 Tis classy but unstufy little bistrot ofers exceptional cooking featuring lots of ofal and sauces with powerful, sunnily Corsican accents. Deeply satifsying set menu at €43. CHEZ CASIMIR 6 rue de Belzunce M Gare-du-Nord T 01.48.78.28.80. Mon–Fri noon–2pm & 7.30–10.30pm, Sat & Sun 10am–7pm. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP H4 Tis no-frills corner bistrot, in a quiet spot a stone’s throw from the Gare du Nord, is a gem: traditional but imagi native French cuisine at bargain prices (around €30), with a fne brunch at weekends. FLO 7 cour des Petites-Ecuries M Château-d’Eau T 01.47.70.13.59. Daily noon–3pm & 7pm–1.30am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP J5 Tis dark and splendid old-time Alsatian brasserie is so beautiful that even the stroppy service and insalub- rious neighbourhood can’t spoil the experience. Hearty brasserie fare, with lots of fsh and seafood – and butter in everything. Menus in the €20s and €30s. LE RELAIS GASCON 6 rue des Abbesses M Abbesses T 01.42.58.58.22. Daily 10.30am–2am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 Dishing up flling, inexpensive meals all day, this noisy two-storey restaurant provides a welcome blast of Gascon heartiness. Enormous hot salads start at €11.50, tasty plats around €12, and there’s a good- value lunch menu at €15.50. Bars CHEZ CAMILLE 8 rue Ravignan M Abbesses. Tues–Sat 9am–2am, Sun 9am–8pm. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3 With an efortlessly stylish decor – creamy walls, ceiling fans, a few old mirrors, mismatched seating – this tiny bar pulls a local crowd of all ages who could just as easily be enjoying a quiet chat as dancing to Elvis or raï. L A F O U R M I 151 M O N T M A R T R E A N D N O R T H E R N P A R I S AU CLAIR DE LA LUNE 1 rue Ramey M Jules-Joffrin. Daily 8am–2am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP H3 Scrufly edgy bar – all neglected Art Deco fttings, 1970s shaggy poufes and peeling 1950s movie posters – a million miles away, in spirit, from the touristy Montmartre hubbub. Drinks are cheap, and there’s occasional live music. LA FOURMI 74 rue des Martyrs M Pigalle/Abbesses. Mon–Thurs 8am–2am, Fri & Sat 8am–4am, Sun 10am–2am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4 Artfully distressed, high- ceilinged café-bar full of Parisian bohos sipping cofee and cocktails. Light meals available during the day. Clubs and live music LA CIGALE 120 bd de Rochechouart M Pigalle T 01.49.25.81.75, W www.lacigale.fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4 Tis historic 1400-seater Pigalle theatre is a leading venue for rock and indie acts from France and continental Europe. For more rock and dance music, as well as club nights, head to Elysée Montmartre at no. 72 ( T 01.44.92.45.47, W www .elyseemontmartre.com). LE DIVAN DU MONDE 75 rue des Martyrs M Anvers T 01.40.05.06.99, W www.divandumonde.com. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4 A youthful venue in a former café whose regulars once included Toulouse-Lautrec, with an exciting programme ranging from poetry slams through swing nights to Congolese rumba. AU LAPIN AGILE 22 rue des Saules M Lamarck–Caulaincourt T 01.46.06.85.87, W www.au-lapin-agile.com. Tues–Sun 9pm–2am. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G2 Painted and patronized by Picasso and other leading lights of the Montmartre scene, this legendary club – in a shuttered building hidden in a pretty garden – still hosts cabaret, poetry and chanson nights (€24). Touristy crowd, but authentic musicians. NEW MORNING 7–9 rue des Petites-Ecuries M Chateau d’Eau T 01.45.23.51.41, W www.newmorning.com. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP J5 One of the most exciting venues in Paris, mixed and buzzing, and the place to catch big international names in jazz and world music. It’s usually standing room only. LES TROIS BAUDETS 64 bd de Clichy M Blanche/Pigalle T 01.42.62.33.33, W www.lestroisbaudets .com. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F3 Tis historic pocket theatre was reftted in 2009, and has found a proud place on the chanson scene. Specializes in young, upcoming French performers. Tickets around €10–15. P E R F O R M E R A T N E W M O R N I N G 152 T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E A N D W E S T E R N P A R I S T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E BOIS DE BOULOGNE M Porte Maillot/Porte Dauphine. MAP P.155, POCKET MAP A5 Te Bois de Boulogne was designed by Baron Haussmann and supposedly modelled on London’s Hyde Park – though it’s a very French inter pretation. Te “bois” of the name is somewhat deceptive, but the extensive parklands (just under 9 square kilometres) do contain The Bois de Boulogne and western Paris The Bois de Boulogne, with its trees, lakes, cycling trails and beautiful ﬂoral displays, is a favourite Parisian retreat from the city. It runs all the way down the west side of the well- manicured 16 e arrondissement. The area is mainly residential with few speciﬁc sights, the chief exception being the Musée Marmottan, with its dazzling collection of late Monets. The most rewarding areas for exploration are the old villages of Auteuil and Passy, which were incorporated into the city in the late nineteenth century. They soon became desirable districts, and well-to-do Parisians commissioned houses here. As a result, the area is rich in ﬁne examples of architecture, notably by Hector Guimard and Le Corbusier. Further west, modern architecture brings the area bang up to date with the gleaming skyscrapers of the purpose-built commercial district of La Défense, dominated by the enormous Grande Arche. 153 T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E A N D W E S T E R N P A R I S some remnants of the once great Forêt de Rouvray. As its location would suggest, the Bois was once the playground of the wealthy. It also gained a reputation as the site of the sex trade and its associated crime; the same holds true today and you should avoid it at night. By day, however, the park is an extremely pleasant spot for a stroll. Te best, and wildest, part for walking is towards the southwest corner. Bikes are available for rent at the entrance to the Jardin d’Acclimatation and you can go boating on the Lac Inférieur. PARC DE BAGATELLE Bois de Boulogne M Porte Maillot. Daily 9.30am to dusk. €5. MAP P.155 Te Parc de Bagatelle, within the Bois de Boulogne, comprises a range of garden styles from French and English to Japanese. Its most famous feature is the stunning rose garden, at its best in June, while in other parts of the garden there are beautiful displays of tulips, hyacinths and dafodils in early April, irises in May, and waterlilies in early August. In June and July the park’s orangery is the attractive setting for the prestigious Chopin Festival (W www .frederic-chopin.com). THE JARDIN D’ACCLIMATATION Bois de Boulogne M Porte Maillot T 01.40.67.90.82, W www.jardindacclimatation .fr. Daily: April–Sept 10am–7pm; Oct–March 10am–6pm. €2.90 or €5.40 including return train ride from métro; rides from €2.70. MAP P.155 Te children’s Jardin d’Acclimatation is an action- packed funfair, zoo and amusement park all rolled into one. Te fun starts at the Porte- Maillot métro stop: a little train runs from here to the Jardin (every 15min 11am–6pm). Te park’s many attractions include bumper cars, donkey rides, sea lions, bears and monkeys, a huge trampoline and a magical mini-canal ride (la rivière enchantée). R I D E A T T H E J A R D I N D ’ A C C L I M A T A T I O N 154 T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E A N D W E S T E R N P A R I S FONDATION LOUIS VUITTON POUR LA CRÉATION Av du Mahatma Gandhi M Porte Maillot. MAP P.155 Within the Jardin d’Acclimatation building work was nearing completion at the time of writing on the Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la Création, a contemporary arts space, designed by Frank Gehry. Alongside galleries for permanent and temporary exhibitions, there will be activities aimed at children and a café. As with other Gehry designs, the building itself also promises to be worthy of a visit in its own right. VILLA LA ROCHE Square du Dr Blanche M Jasmin T 01.42.88.75.72, W www.fondationlecorbusier .asso.fr. Mon 1.30–6pm, Tues–Thurs 10am–6pm, Sat & Sun 10am–5pm; closed Aug. €3. POCKET MAP A7 Le Corbusier’s frst private houses, dating to 1923, were the adjoining Villa Jeanneret and the Villa La Roche. Te latter is in strictly cubist style, with windows in bands, the only extravagance being a curved frontage. It may look commonplace now from the outside, but at the time it was built it was in great contrast to anything that had gone before. Te interior is appropriately decorated with Cubist paintings. PLACE DE PASSY M Passy. MAP P.155 Te heart of the Passy quartier is pleasant place de Passy, with its crowded but leisurely Le Paris Passy café. Leading of from here is the old high street, rue de Passy, with its eye-catching parade of boutiques, and the cobbled, pedestrianized rue de l’Annonciation. MAISON DE BALZAC 47 rue Raynouard M Passy T 01.55.74.41.80. Tues–Sun 10am–6pm. Free. MAP P.155 Te Maison de Balzac is a summery little house with pale green shutters, tucked away down some steps that lead through a shady, rose- flled garden – a delightful place to dally on wrought-iron seats, surrounded by busts of the writer. Balzac wrote some of his best-known works here, including La Cousine Bette and Le Cousin Pons. Te museum preserves his study, while other exhibits include a complex family tree of around a thousand of the characters that feature in his Comédie Humaine. E X H I B I T S I N T H E M A I S O N D E B A L Z A C 155 T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E A N D W E S T E R N P A R I S SQUARE DE L’AMIRAL BRUIX SQUARE YORKTOWN PLACE DE BRAZZAVILLE PLACE FERNAND FOREST BLVD ANDRE M AUROIS PLACE DU PARAGUAY PLACE DU MARECHAL DE LATTRE DE TASSIGNY A L L E E D E S C Y G N E S P O R T D E S U F F R E N R . N E L A T O N A V E M A R C E L P R O U S T A V E R E N E B O Y L E S V E R U E L . P I C H A T R . P E R G O L È S E R . P I C C I N I R U E D U R E T R U E P E R G O L È S E R . W E B E R R U E L E S U E U R PLACE DE MEXICO PL. DU TROCADERO ET DU 11 NOVEMBRE PLACE DU VENEZUELA R U E L E N O T R E B E L L E S F E U I L L E S R . G R E U Z E V I N E U S E R U E R . S C H E F F E R RUE D E LO N GCHAMP R U E D E C A M P S R U E D E S R U E D E L A T O U R R U E S T - D I D I E R RUE ST-DIDI ER R U E B O I S S I E R E RUE COPERNI C R U E M E S N I L S A B L O N S R U E E . M A N U E L A L L E E C A V A L I E R E F O R T U N E E A L L E E C A V A L I E R E S T - D E N I S R O U T E D E S U R E S N E S A V E D U M A R E C H A L F A Y O L L E R U E D U D O C T E U R F IN L A Y R U E É M E R I A U R . L I N O I S R . L A U R I S T O N R . D O S N E R . E . M É N I E R R U E C O R T A M B E R T SQ. L'ALBONI B L V D J U L E S S A N D E A U R U E D E F R A N Q U E V I L L E R U E M I G N A R D R U E G E N L A N G L O IS R U E D ’ A N D I G N E A V E N U E P R U D H O N R U E D U C O N S E I L L E R C O L L I G N O N B L V D D E B E A U S É J O U R A V E N U E M O Z A R T R U E D E L A P O M P E R . D E S I A M R . M A S S E N E T R U E V I T A L R U E D U R A N E L A G H R U E F É L I C I E N D A V I D A V E L É O P O L D I I R U E J E A N D E L A F O N T A IN E R U E C H E R N O V I Z R U E D E L ' A N N O N C I A T I O N R U E D E S M A R R O N N I E R S R U E G U S T A V E Z É D É R U E D E B O U L A I N V I L L I E R S R U E D E S V I G N E S RUE BOIS LE VENT R E C T E U R P O I N C A R E A V E N U E D U A V E N U E M O Z A R T R U E R I B E R A R U E D E S SQ. DE L'AVENUE FOCH PL. DU CHANCELIER ADENAUER R U E S P O N T I N I O C T A V E F E U I L L E T R . D U B A N R U E S I N G E R R U E N I C O L O PLACE POSSOZ B L V D F L A N D R I N SQUARE LAMARTINE B O U L E V A R D E M I L E A U G I E R RUE DE PASS Y B O U L E V A R D F L A N D R I N R U E D E L A F A I S A N D E R I E R . D E M O N T E V I D E O R U E D E L O T A R U E D E L A P O M P E R U E N I C O L O B L V D T H I E R R Y D E PORTE MAILLOT R U E D E L O N G C H A M P R . L O U I S D A V I D A V E D E M O N T E S P A N R . H E R R A N R U E D E L A T O U R R U E S C H E F F E R R U E D E S B O R D E S PLACE DU DOCTEUR HAYEM R U E D E B O U L A IN V IL L IE R S R U E GROS R U E PLACE CLEMENT ADER PLACE RODIN M A R T E L PLACE JEAN MONNET V O I E G E O R G E S P O M P I D O U R U E D U F R E N O Y R U E D E L ’ A S S O M P T I O N A V E K L E B E R R U E D E L A P O M P E A V E N U E B U G E A U D R . B E N J A M I N F R A N K L I N R U E R A Y N O U A R D B LV D D E L E S S E R T R U E D E P A S S Y A V E D ' E Y L A U V I L L A S A I D R U E L A L O V I L L A D U P O N T R U E M A R B E A U P O R T D E G R A N E L L E P O R T D E J A V E L H A U T P O R T D U P A S S Y R . D E L ’ IN G É N IE U R B O U D O N A V E A V E T H E O P H I L E G A U T I E R A V E N U E D E V E R S A I L L E S A V E N U E D U P R E S I D E N T K E N N E D Y P O N T D E B I R H A K E I M PLACE VICTOR HUGO R A Y M O N D P O I N C A R E A V E N U E CHAUSSEE DE MUETTE A V E N U E I N G R E S Q U A I D E G R E N E L L E P O N T D E G R E N E L L E Q U A I A N D R É C I T R Ö E N A V E N U E P A U L D O U M E R B O U L E V A R D P E R E I R E A V E D E M A L A K O F F PLACE DE LA PORTE MAILLOT A V E N U E D E L A G R A N D E A R M E E A V E N U E F O C H B L V D P E R I P H E R I Q U E PLACE DE PASSY M A R T I N A V E N U E V I C T O R H U G O A V E H E N R I B O U L E V A R D L A N N E S B L V D D E L ' A M I R A L B R U I X A L L E E D E L O N G C H A M P A V E N U E G E O R G E S M A N D E L Palais de Chaillot Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine Musée de l’Homme Musée de la Marine Musée du Vin Palais des Congrès Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la Création Statue de la Liberté Maison de Radio-France Maison de Balzac Jardin d’Acclimatation Parc de Bagatelle Port Autonome de Paris Jardins du Trocadéro Cimetière de Passy Boi s de Boul ogne BIR HAKEIM PASSY TROCADÉRO VICTOR HUGO ARGENTINE PORTE MAILLOT NEUILLY PORTE MAILLOT AVE DU PRÉSIDENT KENNEDY MAISON DE RADIO-FRANCE PORTE DAUPHINE AVENUE FOCH AVE HENRI MARTIN BOULAINVILLIERS LA MUETTE RUE DE LA POMPE PORTE MAILLOT C H A I L L O T P A S S Y A U T E U I L 250 metres 0 250 yards 0 N Bois de Boulogne & western Paris 3 1 2 1 2 RESTAURANTS SHOPS La Gare Le Relais du Parc La Table Lauriston L’Occaserie Pascal le Glacier 156 T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E A N D W E S T E R N P A R I S T H E G R A N D E A R C H E A T L A D É F E N S E AUTEUIL M Michel-Ange-Auteuil. MAP P.155 Te Auteuil district is now an integral part of the city, but there’s still a village-like feel about its streets. It has some attractive villas (leafy lanes of old houses), fronted with English-style gardens, not to mention some fne Art Nouveau buildings by Hector Guimard – there’s a concentra- tion on rue de la Fontaine, such as Castel Béranger at no. 14, with exuberant decoration and shapes in the windows, roofine and chimney. MUSÉE MARMOTTAN 2 rue Louis-Boilly M Muette T 01.44.96.50.33, W www.marmottan.com. Tues–Sun 11am–6pm, Tues till 9pm. €9. POCKET MAP A7 Te Musée Marmottan is best known for its excellent collection of Monet paint- ings. One of the highlights is Impression, soleil levant, a canvas from 1872 of a misty Le Havre morning, and whose title the critics usurped to give the Impressionist movement its name. Tere’s also a selection of works from Monet’s last years at Giverny, including several Nymphéas (Water- lilies) and Le Pont Japonais. Te collection also features some of his contem poraries – Manet, Renoir and Berthe Morisot – and a room full of beautiful medieval illuminated manuscripts. LA DÉFENSE M /RER Grande-Arche-de-la-Defense/ Esplanade de la Défense. POCKET MAP A4 An impressive complex of gleaming skyscrapers, La Défense is Paris’s prestige business district. Its most popular attraction is the huge Grande Arche. Apartment blocks and big businesses loom between the arch and the river, while avant-garde sculptures by artists such as Joan Miró relieve the jungle of concrete and glass. A new wave of towers is currently under construction; most eagerly awaited is American architect Tom Mayne’s Tour Phare, a skyscraper set to rival the Eifel Tower in height, due to be completed in 2015. GRANDE ARCHE DE LA DÉFENSE M /RER Grande-Arche-de-la-Defense T 01.49.07.27.27, W www.grandearche.com. Lifts daily: April–Aug 10am–8pm; Sept–March 10am–7pm. €10. POCKET MAP A4 Te Grande Arche de la Défense, built in 1989 for the bicentenary of the Revolution, is an astounding 112-metre- high structure clad in white marble, standing 6km out and at a slight angle from the Arc de Triomphe, completing the western axis of this monumental east–west vista. Lifs take you past a “cloud canopy” to the roof, from where on a clear day you can see as far as the Louvre and beyond – the views from the bottom are almost as good. For the most dramatic approach to the arch get of the métro a stop early at Esplanade-de-la-Défense, and walk along Esplanade de Général de Gaulle. 157 T H E B O I S D E B O U L O G N E A N D W E S T E R N P A R I S Shops L’OCCASERIE 30 rue de la Pompe M Muette/Passy. Tues–Sat 11am–7pm. MAP P.155 Specialists in secondhand haute couture – Dior, Prada, Cartier and the like– and a great hunting ground for Chanel suits and Louis Vuitton handbags. While prices are much cheaper than new, you’re still looking at around €720 for a designer suit and about €300 for a handbag. Tere are smaller branches nearby at 16 and 21 rue de l’Annonciation, 14 rue Jean-Bologne and 19 rue de la Pompe. PASCAL LE GLACIER 17 rue Bois-le-Vent M Muette. Tues–Sat 10.30am–7pm; closed Aug. MAP P.155 Exquisite home-made sorbets, made with Evian water and fresh fruits, in more than ffy seasonal favours, such as sanguino orange, mango, white peach, raspberry, pear, and even rhubarb. Restaurants LA GARE 19 Chaussée de la Muette M Muette T 01.42.15.15.31. Daily: restaurant noon–3pm & 7–10.30pm, bar noon–midnight. MAP P.155 Te focus is frmly on French classics at this renovated former train station turned elegant restaurant-bar, which boasts a huge, sunny dining room and serves, among other things, a popular €21–23 lunch menu. You can sit out on the attractive terrace on sunny days, and the bar upstairs (which ofen has samba, soul and house DJs in the evenings) is well worth a look. LE RELAIS DU PARC 59 av Raymond Poincaré M Victor Hugo T 01.44.05.66.10. Tues–Sat noon–2.30pm & 7.30–10.30pm. MAP P.155, POCKET MAP A6 Celebrated chef Alain Ducasse’s menu revolves around fsh, beef, lamb, vegetables and fruit in imaginative permutations, such as milk-fed lamb with spring vegetables, or “American-style” angler fsh with Madras rice. In the summer, meals are served outdoors in a lovely garden. Lunch menu €33, dinner menus from €43, mains €21–30. LA TABLE LAURISTON 129 rue Lauriston M Trocadéro T 01.47.27.00.07. Mon–Fri noon–2.30pm & 7.15–10pm, Sat 7.30–10.30pm. MAP P.155, POCKET MAP A7 A traditional bistrot run by chef-to-the-stars Serge Rabey. Game terrine with chanterelle mushrooms and poularde fondante au vin jaune (chicken croquettes with Arbois wine) are indicative of the upscale dishes here, and be sure to taste their famed Baba au rhum. You’ll easily spend €40–50 per person, but the food is excellent. L A G A R E 158 E X C U R S I O N S VERSAILLES Twenty kilometres southwest of Paris, the royal town of VERSAILLES is renowned for Louis XIV’s extraordinary Château de Versailles. With 700 rooms, 67 staircases and 352 freplaces alone, Versailles is, without doubt, the apotheosis of French regal indulgence. It’s not advisable, or indeed possible, to see the whole behemoth in one day – if you can, avoid the unbearable morning crowds by heading for the grounds and Marie Antoinette’s estate frst, moving on to the palace proper in the relative peace of late afernoon. Excursions Even if you’re on a weekend break, a couple of major sights may tempt you beyond the city limits. It’s worth making an effort to get out to the château de Versailles, the ultimate French royal palace, awesome in its size and magniﬁcence, and boasting exquisite gardens that are free to visit. At the other end of the spectrum, there’s Disneyland Paris. Love it or loathe it, the French version of the theme park offers a good variety of fear-and-thrill rides, and it’s easy to visit as a day-trip. T H E P E T I T T R I A N O N G A R D E N S A T V E R S A I L L E S 159 E X C U R S I O N S Versailles practicalities T o get to Versailles, take the RER line C5 from Champs de Mars or another Left Bank station to Versailles-Rive Gauche; it’s a 25-minute journey, and the palace is less than ten minutes' walk from the station. Tickets for the château cost €15 (€13 after 3pm), including audioguide, while admission to Marie-Antoinette’s estate is €10. Queues can be nightmarish, so by far the best option is to buy the one-day Passeport Versailles at W www.chateauversailles.fr (€18, or €25 during the Grandes Eaux Musicales fountain show, ie April–Oct Sat and Sun) in advance. It’s available online (print at home) from branches of Fnac (see p.107), in the tourist ofﬁce at Versailles (on the way to the palace), and, in Paris, on the Carrousel du Louvre (see p.187). You can also buy the Passeport at the château itself up until 3pm on the day, though this of course means queuing with everyone else. Ticket-holders walk straight in through the gate marked "A". Guided tours (9am–3.15pm; €14.50), many of which are expertly conducted in English, take you into some of the wings and private apartments that you don't otherwise get to see. You can't book, but arrive early to guarantee a place; they're well worth it. The more specialized ninety-minute "themed tours" have to be booked ( T 01.30.83.78.00); they focus on subjects such as music and women, and are usually in French. A 1 0 A10 A 6 N 1 0 4 A 1 0 5 N 1 1 8 A14 A 1 3 A 4 A 1 N 1 6 D 104 A 1 5 A 3 A 1 6 Charles-de-Gaulle Disneyland Paris Château de Versailles Orly Beauvais S e in e O i s e M a r n e Etampes Rambouillet Palaiseau Versailles Nanterre Pontoise Senlis Meaux Melun Evry St-Denis Bobigny Créteil Beauvais PARIS ESSONNE YVELINES VAL D’OISE SEINE-ET- MARNE Excursions 20 kilometres 0 10 miles 0 N 160 E X C U R S I O N S CHÂTEAU DE VERSAILLES T 01.30.83.78.00, W www.chateauversailles .fr. April–Sept Tues–Sun 9am–6.30pm; Oct–March Tues–Sun 9am–5.30pm. Driven by envy of his fnance minister’s château at Vaux-le- Vicomte, the young Louis XIV recruited the same design team – architect Le Vau, painter Le Brun and gardener Le Nôtre – to create a palace a hundred times bigger. Construction began in 1664 and lasted virtually until Louis XIV’s death in 1715. Second only to God, and the head of an immensely powerful state, Louis was an institution rather than a private individual. His risings and sittings, comings and goings, were minutely regulated and rigidly encased in ceremony, attendance at which was an honour much sought afer by courtiers. Versailles was the headquarters of every arm of the state, and the entire court of around 3500 nobles lived in the palace (in a state of squalor, according to contemporary accounts). Following the king’s death, the château was abandoned for a few years before being reoccupied by Louis XV in 1722. It remained a residence of the royal family until the Revolution of 1789, when the furniture was sold and the pictures dispatched to the Louvre. Tereafer, Versailles fell into ruin until Louis- Philippe established his giant museum of French Glory here – it still exists, though most is mothballed. In 1871, during the Paris Commune, the château became the seat of the nationalist government, and the French parliament continued to meet in Louis XV’s opera building until 1879. Without a guide you can visit the State Apartments, used for the king’s ofcial business. A procession of gilded drawing rooms leads to the dazzling Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), where the Treaty of Versailles was signed afer World War I. More fabulously rich rooms, this time belonging to the queen’s apartments, line the northern wing, beginning with the queen’s bedchamber, which has been restored exactly as it was in its last reft of 1787, with hardly a surface unadorned with gold leaf or pretty foral decoration. B R O N Z E S T A T U E O U T S I D E T H E C H Â T E A U D E V E R S A I L L E S 161 E X C U R S I O N S THE DOMAINE DE MARIE- ANTOINETTE Daily: April–Oct Tues–Sun noon–6.30pm; Nov–March noon–5.30pm. Hidden away in the northern reaches of the park is the Domaine de Marie-Antoinette, the young queen’s country retreat, where she found relief from the stifing etiquette of the court. Here she commis- sioned some dozen or so buildings, sparing no expense and imposing her own style and tastes throughout (and gaining herself a reputation for extra- vagance that did her no favours). Te centrepiece is the elegant Neoclassical Petit Trianon palace, built by Gabriel in the 1760s for Louis XV’s mistress, Mme de Pompadour, and given to Marie-Antoinette by her husband Louis XVI as a wedding gif. Te airy, sunlit interior provides a lovely contrast to the stufy pomp of the Versailles palace proper, and boasts an intriguing cabinet des glaces montantes, a pale- blue salon ftted with sliding mirrors that could be moved to conceal the windows, creating a more intimate space. West of the palace, in the formal Jardin français, is the Queen’s Teatre where Marie-Antoinette would regularly perform, ofen as a maid or shepherdess, before the king and members of her inner circle. On the other side of the palace lies the bucolic Jardin anglais, with its little winding stream, grassy banks and arti fcial grotto, and the enchanting, if bizarre, Hameau de la Reine, an olde-worlde play village and farm (now re-stocked with real animals) where the queen indulged her fashionable Rousseau-inspired fantasy of returning to the “natural” life. Te Italianate Grand Trianon palace, designed by Hardouin-Mansart in 1687 as a country retreat for Louis XIV, was refurbished in Empire style by Napoleon, who stayed here intermittently between 1805 and 1813. VERSAILLES PARK & GARDEN April–Oct 7am–8.30pm, Nov–March 8am–6pm. You could spend a whole day exploring the lovely park (free), with its symmetrical gardens, grand vistas, statuary, fountains and pools; trails of varying length are detailed on notice boards. Take a picnic, or stop at one of the nice tearooms, cafés or more formal restaurants dotted around the grounds. On summer weekends, the fountains dance to Baroque music, a spectacle known as the Grandes Eaux Musicales (€8; W www.chateauversailles spectacles.fr). Distances in the park are considerable. A petit train shuttles between the terrace in front of the château and the Trianons (€3.50; every 15min–1hr). You could also rent a buggy (you’ll need a driving licence), a bike or a rowing boat. T H E M A R B L E C O U R T A T T H E C H Â T E A U D E V E R S A I L L E S 162 E X C U R S I O N S DISNEYLAND PARIS Tere are no two ways about it – children will love Disneyland Paris ( W www.disneylandparis .co.uk), and the young at heart will fnd much to enjoy. Quite why American parents might bring their charges here is hard to fathom, though; even British parents might deem it better to buy a family package to Florida, where sunshine is assured, the rides are bigger and better, and where the confict between enchanted kingdom and enchanting city does not arise. Carping aside, at a distance of just 25km east of Paris, it’s easy to visit as a day-trip from the capital, and there’s a far wider choice of things to do than at a funfair or ordinary theme park. Te complex is divided into three areas: Disneyland Park, with most of the big rides; Walt Disney Studios Park, a more technology-based attempt to recreate the world of cartoon flm-making, with a few thrill rides; and Disney Village, with its expensive hotels. DISNEYLAND PARK Disneyland Park has a variety of serious thrill rides, though the majority of attractions remain relatively sedate. Te Magic Kingdom is divided into four “lands” radiating out from Main Street USA. Fantasyland appeals to the tinies, with “It’s a Small World”, Sleeping Beauty’s Castle, Peter Pan’s Flight and Dumbo the Flying Elephant among its attractions. Adventureland has the most outlandish sets and two of the best rides – Pirates of the Caribbean and Indiana Disneyland practicalities T o reach Disneyland from Paris, take RER line A from Châtelet-Les Halles, Gare de Lyon or Nation to Marne-la-Vallée/Chessy station, which is opposite the main park gates. The journey takes around 35 minutes. If you’re coming straight from the airport, there are shuttle buses from both Charles de Gaulle and Orly, taking 45 minutes from each (every 30min–1hr from 8.30am; check W www.vea.fr/uk for timetables and pick-up points). Tickets cost €17 one-way, but children under 12 pay €13, and under-3s go free. Marne-la-Vallée/Chessy also has its own TGV train station, linked to Lille, Lyon – and London via special Eurostar trains. By car, the park is a 32-kilometre drive east of Paris along the A4: take the “Porte de Bercy” exit off the ring road (périphérique), then follow “direction Metz/Nancy”, leaving at exit 14. From Calais, follow the A26, changing to the A1, the A104 and ﬁnally the A4. Most people buy their Disney passes online, taking advantage of seasonal online offers, but you can also get them, along with the relevant train tickets, at Paris’s RER line A and B stations, tourist ofﬁces and major métro stations. There is a dizzying array of options available, among them a “1-day/1-Park” ticket (€52 adult, €44 for a child aged 3–11), which allows entry to either the Disneyland Park or Walt Disney Studios Park. One-day tickets allowing access to both parks cost €65/57; two-and three-day tickets are also available. Opening hours vary, and should be checked when you buy your ticket, but are usually 9/10am–6/8/10pm, or until 11pm in high summer. 163 E X C U R S I O N S Jones and the Temple of Peril. Frontierland, loosely set in the Wild West, features the hair-raising roller coaster Big Tunder Mountain, modelled on a runaway mine train, and the gothic Phantom Manor. In Discoveryland there’s a 3D experience called “Honey, I Shrunk Te Audience”, an interactive Buzz Lightyear laser battle, and the terrifyingly fast Space Mountain roller coasters. Te grand parade of foats representing all your favourite characters sallies down Main Street USA at about 7pm every day, with smaller events, special shows and frework displays occurring regularly. WALT DISNEY STUDIOS PARK Tough it has its share of big rides, the Walt Disney Studios Park focuses largely on what Disney was and is still renowned for – animation. You can try your hand at drawing, be part of the audience in a mocked-up flm or TV set, and enjoy special efects and stunt shows. Te virtual-reality Armageddon ride is genuinely thrilling – your space-station is bombarded by meteors – the tram tour through the collapsing Catastrophe Canyon is good fun, and smaller children will be bowled over by their live interactions with that crazed blue alien, Stitch. T H E T E A C U P R I D E A T D I S N E Y L A N D P A R I S 166 H O T E L S The Islands HÔTEL HENRI IV > 25 place Dauphine MPont Neuf/Cité T01.43.54.44.53. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP C16. An ancient, slightly ramshackle cheapie on a beautiful square. A narrow staircase leads to twenty rooms spread over ﬁve storeys (no lift); a few are available with shared bathrooms (€49). Check out several rooms, as some are not as clean as they could be. Book in advance and ring to conﬁrm nearer the time. Doubles €59 HÔTEL DE LUTÈCE > 65 rue St-Louis-en-l’Ile MPont-Mairie T01.43.26.23.52, Wwww.paris -hotel-lutèce.com. MAP P.38–39, POCKET MAP E17. This slender seventeenth-century townhouse, located on the most desirable island in France, has a cosy old-world charm and is run by helpful and friendly staff. The rooms are small, but comfy and characterful, with wood beams and fresh contemporary decor in shades of terracotta and cream. Doubles €195 Hotels Paris is extremely well supplied with hotels. The ones reviewed here are all classics, places that offer something special – a great location, unusually elegant decor or a warm welcome. The grandest establishments are mostly found in the Champs-Elysées area, while the trendy Marais quarter is a good bet for something elegant but relatively relaxed. You’ll ﬁnd more homely, old-fashioned hotels around the Quartier Latin, St-Germain and the Eiffel Tower quarter. Most hotels offer two categories of rooms: at the bottom end of the scale this means choosing between an en-suite bathroom or shared facilities, while more expensive places may charge a premium rate for larger or more luxurious rooms. Prices aren’t exorbitant, by European standards, but then rooms can be surprisingly small for the money. Many hotels offer lower rates than those publicly advertised; the reviews below show the lowest rate you're likely to get for a double room. Continental breakfast is normally an extra €5 to €12 per person. Booking accommodation I t’s wise to reserve your accommodation as early as possible. All receptionists speak some English – but it’s worth bearing in mind that more and more places offer online booking as well. If you book by phone you may be asked for just a credit card number, or sometimes for written or faxed conﬁrmation. The tourist ofﬁce can make bookings for you for free – either in person at one of their ofﬁces (see p.187 for addresses) or online at Wwww.parisinfo.com; many hotels on the site offer discounted rates. 167 H O T E L S The Champs-Elysées and Tuileries BEST WESTERN PREMIER L’HOTEL PERGOLÈSE > 3 rue Pergolèse MArgentine T01.53.64.04.04, Wwww.hotelpergolese.com. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP A5. This classy boutique hotel occupies a tall building on a quiet side street near the Arc de Triomphe. The decor is contemporary – wood ﬂoors, cool colours, chic styling – but sofas and friendly service add a cosy touch. Rooms face the street or the internal courtyard; some are a little poky but most are comfortable and well appointed, with great designer bathrooms. Doubles from €119 HÔTEL BRIGHTON > 218 rue de Rivoli MTuileries T01.47.03.61.61, Wwww.brightonhotelparis.com. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP A14. An elegant hotel dating back to the late nineteenth century. The “classic” rooms with internal views are ﬁne, but the “superior” rooms are much better, particularly those with magniﬁcent views of the Tuileries gardens. Classic €200–240, superior €250–300 HÔTEL LE BRISTOL > 112 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré MMiromesnil T01.53.43.43.00, Wwww.lebristol paris.com. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP D5. The city’s most luxurious hotel manages to remain discreet and warm. Gobelins tapestries adorn the walls and some rooms have private roof gardens. There’s also a garden, swimming pool, health club and gourmet restaurant. Doubles from €650 HÔTEL LANCASTER > 7 rue de Berri MGeorge V T01.40.76.40.76, Wwww.hotel-lancaster.fr. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C5. Once the pied-à-terre for the likes of Garbo and Dietrich, this elegantly restored nineteenth-century townhouse is still a favourite hideout for those ﬂeeing the paparazzi. Rooms retain original features and are full of Louis XVI and rococo antiques, but with a touch of contemporary chic. There’s also a superlative restaurant and zen-style interior garden. Doubles from €399 HÔTEL DE LA TRÉMOILLE > 14 rue de la Trémoille MAlma-Marceau T01.65.52.14.00, Wwww.hotel -tremoille.com. MAP P.48–49, POCKET MAP C6. A swanky four-star boasting understated rooms with harmonious decor and shimmering black-and-white bathrooms; room service is delivered through a specially designed hatch to avoid disturbing guests. There’s also a revamped spa and gym. Doubles from €335 Eiffel Tower Area HÔTEL DU CHAMPS-DE-MARS > 7 rue du Champs-de-Mars MÉcole-Militaire T01.45.51.52.30, Wwww.hotelduchampdemars.com. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP C8. Cosy, colourful, excellent-value rooms in a well-run hotel. The location is great, too, in a nice neighbourhood just off the lively rue Cler market. Doubles €98 HÔTEL DU PALAIS BOURBON > 49 rue de Bourgogne MVarenne T01.44.11.30.70, Wwww.hotel-palais -bourbon.com. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP E8. This substantial, handsome old building on a quiet street in the hushed, posh district near the Musée Rodin offers spacious, prettily furnished rooms, with parquet ﬂoors and plenty of period detail. Homely family rooms (€235) and singles (€110) are also available. Breakfast is included in the price. Doubles from €150 HÔTEL SAINT DOMINIQUE > 62 rue Saint-Dominique MInvalides/La Tour-Maubourg T01.47.05.51.44, Wwww .hotelstdominique.com. MAP P.56–57, POCKET MAP D8. Welcoming hotel in the heart of this upmarket, villagey neighbourhood near the Eiffel Tower. Smallish but tastefully decorated rooms are arranged around a bright little courtyard where you can sit outside among the greenery. Singles and triples available. Doubles €100–160 168 H O T E L S The Grands Boulevards and passages HÔTEL CHOPIN > 46 passage Jouffroy, entrance on bd Montmartre, near rue du Faubourg-Montmartre MGrands-Boulevards T01.47.70.58.10, Wwww.hotelbretonnerie.com/chopin. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G5. A charming, quiet hotel set in an atmospheric period building hidden away at the end of a picturesque 1850s passage. Rooms are pleasantly furnished, though the cheaper ones are on the small side and a little dark. Doubles €92–106 HÔTEL MANSART > 5 rue des Capucines MOpéra/Madeleine T01.42.61.50.28, Wwww.paris -hotel-mansart.com. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP A13.This gracious hotel is just a stone’s throw from the Ritz, but with rooms at a fraction of the price, and while they’re not quite in the luxury bracket they’re very agreeably decorated in Louis XIV style. It’s worth asking to see a few rooms, as three in the standard class have balconies (at no extra cost) and some have huge bathrooms. The more expensive rooms look out onto place Vendôme. Doubles €145–325 RELAIS ST HONORÉ > 308 rue St Honoré MTuileries T01.42.96.06.06, Whttp://relaissainthonore.com. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14. A snug little hotel run by friendly and obliging staff, and set in a stylishly renovated seventeenth-century townhouse. The pretty wood-beamed rooms are done out in warm colours and rich fabrics. Facilities include free broadband internet access and ﬂat-screen TVs. Doubles €183 HÔTEL THÉRÈSE > 5–7 rue Thérèse MPalais Royal-Musée du Louvre T01.42.96.10.01, Wwww.hotel therese.com. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP B14. A very attractive boutique hotel, on a quiet street within easy walking distance of the Louvre, offering more expensive “traditional” rooms, pared-down and stylish with dark wood ﬁttings, and “classic” rooms, smaller but good value. Book in advance as it’s very popular. Doubles from €155 HÔTEL VIVIENNE > 40 rue Vivienne MGrands-Boulevards/Bourse T01.42.33.13.26, Eparis@hotel -vivienne.com. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP G6. Ideally located for the Opéra Garnier and the Grands Boulevards, this is a friendly place, with good-sized rooms done up in nice woods and prints. Doubles with shower only and shared toilet €62; doubles with full bathroom €81. Beaubourg and Les Halles RELAIS DU LOUVRE > 19 rue des Prêtres St-Germain l’Auxerrois MPalais Royal-Musée du Louvre T01.40.41.96.42, Wwww.relaisdu louvre.com. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP C15. A discreet hotel with eighteen rooms set on a quiet back street opposite the church of St-Germain l’Auxerrois. Decor is traditional, with rich fabrics, Turkish rugs and solid furniture. The relaxed atmosphere and charming service attract a faithful clientele. Doubles €100–160 HÔTEL SAINT-MERRY > 78 rue de la Verrerie MRambuteau T01.42.78.14.15, Wwww.hotel -saintmerry.com. MAP P.80, POCKET MAP E15. This is a unique, quirky little hotel, where you can indulge your Gothic medieval fantasies in a former presbytery attached to the Eglise Saint-Merry. There are ten wonderfully atmospheric rooms and two suites, all with dark wood furniture, exposed stone walls and wrought iron; room 9, incorporating a ﬂying buttress, is the most popular (and possibly the most unusual hotel room in Paris). Doubles €100, suites €335 The Marais HÔTEL DU BOURG TIBOURG > 19 rue du Bourg-Tibourg MHôtel-de-Ville T01.42.78.47.39, Wwww.hotelbourgtibourg.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16. Oriental meets medieval, with a dash of Second Empire, at this sumptuously designed, 169 H O T E L S and perennially fashionable, boutique hotel. Tiny rooms are packed with rich velvets, silks and drapes. The hotel would make a perfect romantic hideaway. Doubles €230–260 HÔTEL DE LA BRETONNERIE > 22 rue Ste Croix de la Bretonnerie MHôtel-de-Ville T01.48.87.77.63, Wwww.bretonnerie.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16. A charming place on one of the Marais’ liveliest streets; the rooms are decorated with quality fabrics, oak furniture, and, in some cases, four-poster beds. The beamed attic rooms on the fourth ﬂoor are particularly appealing. Front-facing rooms may suffer from street noise at night. Doubles €135–165, suites from €190 HÔTEL CARON DE BEAUMARCHAIS > 12 rue Vieille-du-Temple MHôtel-de-Ville T01.42.72.34.12, Wwww.carondebeaumarchais.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16. Named after the eighteenth-century French playwright Beaumarchais, this gem of a hotel has only nineteen rooms. Everything – down to the original engravings and Louis XVI-style furniture, not to mention the pianoforte in the foyer – evokes the reﬁned tastes of high-society pre-Revolutionary Paris. Rooms overlooking the courtyard are small but cosy while those on the street (€185) are more spacious, some with balconies, others with chandeliers. Doubles €145–185 HÔTEL CENTRAL MARAIS > 33 rue Vieille-du-Temple, entrance on rue Ste-Croix-de-la-Bretonnerie MHôtel-de-Ville T01.48.87.56.08, Wwww.hotelcentralmarais.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16. The only self-proclaimed gay hotel in Paris, with a famous bar downstairs. Seven small rooms with shared bathrooms. Doubles €89 GRAND HÔTEL JEANNE D’ARC > 3 rue de Jarente MSt-Paul T01.48.87.62.11, Wwww.hoteljeanne darc.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G16. A recent makeover has brightened up this budget hotel set in an old Marais townhouse, just off lovely place du Marché-Ste-Catherine. The en-suite rooms are very small, have brightly coloured walls and often clashing carpets and duvets, but it all seems to work. Doubles €89–116 HÔTEL DE NICE > 42 bis rue de Rivoli MHôtel-de-Ville T01.42.78.55.29, Wwww.hoteldenice.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16. A delightful old-world charm pervades this six-storey establishment, its pretty rooms hung with old prints and furnished with deep-coloured fabrics. Double-glazing helps to block out the trafﬁc on rue de Rivoli. Doubles €110 HÔTEL PAVILLON DE LA REINE > 28 pl des Vosges MBastille T01.40.29.19.19, Wwww .pavillon-de-la-reine.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G16. A perfect honeymoon hideaway in a beautiful ivy-covered mansion off the adorable place des Vosges, it pres erves an intimate ambience, with friendly, personable staff. Doubles €300–500 HÔTEL DU PETIT MOULIN > 29–31 rue du Poitou MSaint Sébastien Froissart/Filles du Calvaire T01.42.74.10.10, Wwww.paris-hotel -petitmoulin.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G15. A glamorous boutique hotel, set in an old bakery and designed top to bottom by Christian Lacroix. The designer’s joie de vivre reigns in the seventeen rooms, with a fusion of styles from elegant Baroque to Sixties kitsch: pinks and lime greens vie with toile de Jouy prints, and pod chairs sit by antique dressing tables. Doubles €190–350 HÔTEL ST-LOUIS MARAIS > 1 rue Charles-V MSully-Morland T01.48.87.87.04, Wwww.saintlouis marais.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP G17. Formerly part of the seventeenth-century Célestins Convent, this characterful, quiet place retains its period feel, with stone walls, exposed beams and tiled ﬂoors. Standard rooms have private showers, while superior ones have bathtubs; all have ﬂat-screen TVs. The cheaper doubles are very small. Doubles €115 and €140 170 H O T E L S Bastille and eastern Paris HÔTEL BEAUMARCHAIS > 3 rue Oberkampf MFilles-du-Calvaire T01.53.36.86.86, Wwww.hotel beaumarchais.com. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP H14. A funky, gay-friendly hotel, though the garish Fifties-inspired decor may be a bit much for some. All 31 rooms are en suite with a/c and cable TV. There’s a little patio for breakfast (€10) on ﬁne days. Doubles €110–130, suites €100–170 LE GÉNÉRAL HÔTEL > 5–7 rue Rampon MRépublique T01.47.00.41.57, Wwww.legeneral hotel.com. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP G14. This cool boutique hotel, run by helpful staff, is a lesson in restrained modern design. The bright rooms have spotless bathrooms and rosewood furnishings. Facilities include a sauna and ﬁtness centre, and the breakfast area turns into a bar in the evenings. Doubles €130–220 MAMA SHELTER > 109 rue de Bagnolet MAlexandre-Dumas T01.43.48.48.48, Wwww.mama shelter.com. POCKET MAP C21. One of the most talked-about hotels in Paris, Mama Shelter, owned by Club Med founders the Trigano family, justiﬁes the hype. Philippe Starck-designed, with an industrial-chic theme, it’s also extremely good value. The sharp en suites come with an arty grafﬁti motif on the carpets and ceilings, swanky bathrooms, iMacs and decorative superhero masks. An excellent bar-restaurant, sun terrace and top-notch service complete the package. Doubles €89–200. HÔTEL MARAIS BASTILLE > 36 bd Richard-Lenoir MBréguet-Sabin/ Bastille T01.48.05.75.00, Wwww .maraisbastille.com. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP H16. This three-star’s peach-coloured en suites are a little difﬁcult to get excited about, but the hotel is comfy and handily located for both the Marais and Bastille. While the rack rate is €160 for a double, deals can bring the price down by almost half. Doubles €160 HÔTEL DE NEVERS > 53 rue de Malte MOberkampf/République T01.47.00.56.18, Wwww .hoteldenevers.com. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP H14. The entrance to this basic one-star hotel is patrolled by two smoky-grey cats. Needless to say, there’s no room to swing one, but otherwise these are for the most part decent and cheerfully decorated rooms – the best are the en-suite doubles at the front, though there’s a bit of trafﬁc noise; courtyard-facing rooms are dark and poky. When it’s working, a rickety 1930s lift rumbles its way between the ﬂoors. Doubles from €62 NOUVEL HÔTEL > 24 av du Bel Air MNation T01.43.43.01.81, Wwww .nouvel-hotel-paris.com. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M10. A quiet, family-run hotel, with a faintly provincial air and small but neat rooms, each with private shower or bath, TV and phone. Some overlook the lovely garden (no. 9 opens directly onto it). It’s a bit out of the way, but the nearby RER gets you into the centre in no time. Doubles €86 (shower), €97 (bath) HÔTEL DE LA PORTE DORÉE > 273 av Daumesnil MPorte-Dorée T01.43.07.56.97, Wwww.hotel delaportedoree.com. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M11 . A welcoming hotel tastefully refurbished by an American-French family. Preserves period features such as ceiling mouldings and ﬁreplaces, and many of the furnishings are antique, but all rooms have private shower or bath, cable TV and comfy beds. Doubles from €130 LE QUARTIER BERCY SQUARE > 33 boulevard de Reuilly MDaumesnil/ Dugommier T01.44.87.09.09, Wwww.lequartierhotelbs.com. MAP P.100, POCKET MAP M11. A worthy addition to Paris’s stable of design hotels, Le Quartier is located in a cool, untouristy neighbourhood. The sleek en suites are small but perfectly formed: think smooth curves and subdued lighting, as well as thoughtful features like tea/coffee makers. Staff can be a little haughty, but are generally ﬁne. Doubles from €113 171 H O T E L S HÔTEL SAINT LOUIS BASTILLE > 114 bd Richard Lenoir MOberkampf T01.43.38.29.29, Wwww.saintlouis bastille.com. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP H14. A comfy and pleasant hotel, whose rooms are attractively decorated in soothing tones of dove grey, cream and beige, with rococo-style furnishings and Boucher prints on the walls, and sleek white bathrooms. The front-facing rooms get some trafﬁc noise. Doubles from €124 The Quartier Latin HÔTEL DU COMMERCE > 14 rue de la Montagne-Ste- Geneviève MMaubert-Mutualité T01.43.54.89.69, Wwww.commerce -paris-hotel.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18. Business-like budget hotel with a range of rooms from washbasin-only cheapies (€49, €39 for one person) up to modern en suites (€99) and family rooms (€69–99). The communal kitchen and dining area are handy, there’s free internet access, and the location is excellent. Doubles €49–99 LES DEGRÉS DE NOTRE DAME > 10 rue des Grands Degrés MSt-Michel/ Maubert-Mutualité T01.55.42.88.88, Wwww.lesdegreshotel.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E17. This charming, superbly idiosyncratic hotel has just ten rooms, so book in advance. The building is ancient and the rooms all very different, with prices corresponding to size. Unique, personal touches are everywhere: hand-painted murals, antique mirrors and curious nooks. Perhaps the loveliest room of all is under the roof, with its own stairs. Breakfast included. Doubles €115–170 ESMERALDA > 4 rue St-Julien-le- Pauvre MSt-Michel/Maubert-Mutualité T01.43.54.19.20, Ehotel.esmeralda @orange.fr. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D17. Dozing in an ancient house on square Viviani, this rickety old hotel offers a deeply old-fashioned feel, with cosily unmodernized en-suite rooms done up in worn red velvet or faded ﬂorals. A few rooms have superb views of Notre-Dame (€100–110). Doubles €90 FAMILIA HÔTEL > 11 rue des Ecoles MCardinal-Lemoine/Maubert- Mutualité/Jussieu T01.43.54.55.27, Wwww.familiahotel.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E18. Friendly, family-run hotel in the heart of the quartier. Rooms are small but attractive, with beams and toile de Jouy wallpaper; some have views of Notre-Dame, others have balconies. Breakfast included. Doubles €70–127 HÔTEL DES GRANDES ECOLES > 75 rue du Cardinal-Lemoine MCardinal-Lemoine T01.43.26.79.23, Wwww.hotel-grandes-ecoles.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E19. Follow the cobbled alleyway to a large, peaceful garden and this tranquil hotel, with its pretty, old-fashioned rooms. Reservations are taken three months in advance, on the 15th of the month; don’t be even a day late. Doubles €115–140 HÔTEL MARIGNAN > 13 rue du Sommerard MMaubert-Mutualité T01.43.54.63.81, Wwww.hotel -marignan.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP D18. Great value place, totally sympathetic to the needs of rucksack-toting foreigners, with free wi-ﬁ, laundry, ironing and kitchen facilities, a library of guidebooks – and rooms for up to ﬁve people. The cheapest share bathrooms with one other room. No credit cards. Doubles €60–90 HÔTEL RÉSIDENCE HENRI IV > 50 rue des Bernardins MMaubert- Mutualité T01.44.41.31.81, Wwww .residencehenri4.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E18. Set back from busy rue des Ecoles on a cul-de-sac, this hotel is discreet and elegant, with classically styled rooms. Some have period features like ﬁreplaces, and all have miniature kitchenettes. Doubles from €120 SELECT HÔTEL > 51 place de la Sorbonne MCluny-Sorbonne T01.46.34.14.80, Wwww.select hotel.fr. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP C18. Situated right on the place, this hotel has had the full designer makeover, with exposed stone walls, leather and recessed wood trim much in evidence. Doubles from €169 172 H O T E L S St-Germain HÔTEL DU GLOBE > 15 rue des Quatre-Vents MOdéon T01.43.26.35.50, Wwww.hotel-du -globe.fr. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17. Welcoming hotel in a tall, narrow, seventeenth-century building decked out with four-posters, stone walls, roof beams and the like. Rooms can be small, but aren’t expensive for the location. Doubles €125–170 GRAND HÔTEL DES BALCONS > 3 rue Casimir-Delavigne MOdéon T01.46.34.78.50, Wwww.balcons .com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C18. Appealing, comfortable hotel with a few Art Deco motifs remaining in the modernized rooms. It’s fair value, and in a lovely location near the Odéon and Luxembourg gardens. Other than those on the ﬁfth ﬂoor, the balconies in question are small, decorative affairs. Doubles €125–220 HÔTEL DES MARRONNIERS > 21 rue Jacob MSt-Germain-des-Prés T01.43.25.30.60, Wwww.hotel -marronniers.com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B16. A romantic hotel, with small rooms swathed in deep velvet curtains and expensive fabric wall-coverings. The breakfast room gives onto a pleasant pebbled courtyard garden. Doubles from €125 HÔTEL MICHELET-ODÉON > 6 place de l’Odéon MOdéon T01.53.10.05.60, Wwww.hotelmicheletodeon.com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C18. A serious bargain for a hotel so close to the Jardin du Luxembourg. Rooms are unusually attractive (especially those facing onto the place) and larger than most at this price. Doubles from €110 HÔTEL DE NESLE > 7 rue de Nesle MSt-Michel T01.43.54.62.41, Wwww.hoteldenesleparis.com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C16. Eccentric and sometimes chaotic hotel whose rooms are decorated with cartoon historical murals that you’ll either love or hate. Rooms are tiny, but inexpensive for the amazingly central location. Doubles from €75 RELAIS CHRISTINE > 3 rue Christine MOdéon/St Michel T01.40.51.60.80, Wwww.relais-christine.com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP C17. Deeply elegant, romantic four-star in a sixteenth-century former convent set around a deliciously hidden courtyard. It’s well worth paying the 20 percent premium for one of the supérieure rooms. Doubles from €290 RELAIS SAINT-SULPICE > 3 rue Garancière MSt-Sulpice/ St-Germain-des-Prés T01.46.33.99.00, Wwww.relais-saint-sulpice.com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP B18. Set in an aristocratic townhouse immediately behind St-Sulpice’s apse, this is a discreetly classy small hotel with well-furnished rooms painted in cheerful Provencal colours. The sauna is a nice touch. Doubles from €143 HÔTEL DE L'UNIVERSITÉ > 22 rue de l’Université MRue du Bac T01.42.61.09.39, Wwww.hotel universite.com. MAP P.124–125, POCKET MAP A16. Cosy, quiet boutique three-star with antique details, including beamed ceilings and ﬁreplaces in the larger, slightly pricier rooms. Doubles €140 Montparnasse and southern Paris HÔTEL DE LA LOIRE > 39bis rue du Moulin Vert MPernety/Alésia T01.45.40.66.88, Wwww.hoteldela loire-paris.com. MAP P.134. On a pedestrianized street lies this delightful family hotel. En-suite doubles, with spotless, if tiny, bathrooms, are a bargain. There are cheaper options (with shared WC) in the slightly darker rooms in the annexe, which runs the length of the peaceful garden. Each room is different, and all have charming personal touches. Free wi-ﬁ. Doubles around €75 HÔTEL MISTRAL > 24 rue de Cels MPernety/Alésia T01.43.20.25.43, Wwww.hotel-mistral-paris.com. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP E12. Welcoming, cosy and pleasantly refurbished hotel on a very quiet street, 173 H O T E L S with a little courtyard garden and a shared dining room/kitchen. Some rooms come with showers and shared WC facilities only (€70). Doubles €90 HÔTEL PORT-ROYAL > 8 bd Port- Royal MGobelins T01.43.31.70.06, Wwww.hotelportroyal.fr. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP H12. A friendly, good-value one-star that has been in the same family since the 1930s. Doubles, though small, are attractive and very clean; those with shared bath are considerably cheaper (€52.50, showers €2.50). It’s in a quiet, residential area at the rue Mouffetard end of the boulevard, near the métro and the Quartier Latin. No credit cards. Doubles €78.50 HÔTEL PRINTEMPS > 31 rue du Commerce MLa Motte-Picquet- Grenelle/Émile-Zola T01.45.79.83.36. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP B10. The cheap furnishings, thin walls and ageing decor don’t prevent this being a good backpacker choice: beneﬁts include its lively and safe neighbourhood location, cheery welcome and low prices. The nicer rooms have small balconies. Doubles €50 RÉSIDENCE LES GOBELINS > 9 rue des Gobelins MGobelins T01.47.07.26.90, Wwww.hotel gobelins.com. MAP P.138–139, POCKET MAP H12. Nicely old-fashioned and quiet place, with a ﬂower-ﬁlled garden, on a narrow street an easy walk away from the Quartier Latin’s rue Mouffetard. Its large, simple, comfortable rooms are a well-known bargain, so book in advance. Doubles €89 HÔTEL TOLBIAC > 122 rue de Tolbiac MTolbiac/Place d’Italie T01.44.24.25.54, Wwww.hotel -tolbiac.com. MAP P.137. Situated on a noisy junction, this big, friendly budget hotel has a bright colour scheme, free internet and wi-ﬁ, and good prices (doubles with shared facilities for €46). Doubles €57 SOLAR HÔTEL > 22 rue Boulard MDenfert-Rochereau T01.43.21.08.20, Wwww.solarhotel .fr. MAP P.134, POCKET MAP F12. Set on an old-fashioned Montparnasse street, this budget hotel has an original and friendly spirit – there are paintings by local artists on the walls, cultural events in the back garden and the hotel strives to be ecological, with low-energy ﬁttings, organic breakfasts and free bike rental. Don’t be put off by the exterior: rooms are basic, but comfortable and bright, with a/c, TV and free wi-ﬁ. Guests have use of a kitchen and living room. Rooms €59 Montmartre and northern Paris HÔTEL AMOUR > 8 rue Navarin MPigalle T01.48.78.31.80, Wwww .hotelamourparis.fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G4. Designer hotel for an achingly cool clientele, with old parquet, new paintwork and a deliberately boho Pigalle porn theme. Every room is decorated differrently – one is all black with disco balls above the bed – but none has phone or TV, and all have iPod speakers. There’s also a spacious dining area and a vodka bar. Doubles from €140 HÔTEL DES ARTS > 5 rue Tholozé MAbbesses/Blanche T01.46.06.30.52, Wwww.montmartre hotel.com. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3. The decor is a little bland but the welcome excellent (not least from the family dog) and the location – on a romantically sloping, cobbled street in the heart of the Abbesses quarter, opposite a classic arts cinema –fantastic. The “superior” rooms have ﬁne views (around €150). Doubles from €70–165 HÔTEL BONSÉJOUR MONTMARTRE > 11 rue Burq MAbbesses T01.42.54.22.53, Wwww.hotel -bonsejour-montmartre.fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G3. The location is a dream – on a quiet, untouristy street on the slopes of Montmartre, footsteps away from great neighbourhood bars and restaurants – and the simple, old-fashioned, clean rooms (with shower, WC down the hall) are a serious bargain. Ask for the corner rooms 23, 33, 43 or 53, which have balconies. Doubles from €56 174 H O S T E L S CAULAINCOURT SQUARE > 2 sq Caulaincourt, by 63 rue Caulaincourt MLamarck-Caulaincourt T01.46.06.46.06, Wwww.caulaincourt .com. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP G2. You can choose shared facilities (€63) or en suites at this lively budget hotel/ hostel on the heights of Montmartre. Dorm beds are €25 a night. Rooms are small and faintly shabby but decent enough, and breakfast is free. Free wi-ﬁ; bike rental available. Doubles €73 HÔTEL ELDORADO > 18 rue des Dames MPlace-de-Clichy T01.45.22.35.21, Wwww.eldoradohotel.fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP E3. Idiosyncratic hotel in the bohemian Batignolles village. Characterful rooms with some vintage ﬁttings are brightened up with vivid colour schemes and furnishings, and there’s a secluded annexe at the back of the courtyard garden. Rooms with shared bath available for €70. Good onsite bistrot. Doubles €73–82 HÔTEL ERMITAGE > 24 rue Lamarck MAnvers T01.42.64.79.22, Wwww.ermitagesacrecoeur.fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP H3. Hushed, family-run hotel set on the lofty heights behind Sacré-Coeur. Rooms are old-fashioned and chintzy; those at the back have views across northern Paris. Complimentary breakfast served in rooms. Approach via the funicular to avoid a steep climb. No credit cards. Doubles €96 HÔTEL LANGLOIS > 63 rue St-Lazare MTrinité T01.48.74.78.24, Wwww .hotel-langlois.com. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F5. Despite having all the facilities of a two-star, this genteel hotel has barely changed in the last century, with antique furnishings and some handsome rooms. Doubles €140 STYLE HÔTEL > 8 rue Ganneron (av Clichy end) MPlace-de-Clichy T01.45.22.37.59. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP F3. An unpromising exterior in Batignolles hides a really lovely budget place, with wooden ﬂoors, marble ﬁreplaces and a secluded courtyard. Great value, especially the rooms with shared bathrooms (€40). Doubles €60 D’ARTAGNAN > 80 rue Vitruve MPorte-de-Bagnolet T01.40.32.34.56, Wwww.fuaj.org. POCKET MAP C21. This colourful, modern HI hostel is the largest in France with 440 beds and facilities including a small cinema, restaurant and bar, internet access and a swimming pool nearby. Guests have to vacate the rooms between 11am and 3pm for cleaning. It’s very popular, so get here early or book online or by phone on the central reservations number: T01.44.89.87.27. Doubles and rooms for three to ﬁve are a few euros more per head than the dorm price. Dorm beds from €23.50 BVJ LOUVRE > 20 rue Jean-Jacques- Rousseau MLouvre/Châtelet-Les-Halles T01.53.00.90.90, Wwww.bvjhotel .com. MAP P.68–69, POCKET MAP C14. Hostels Hostels are an obvious choice for a tight budget, but won’t neces- sarily be cheaper than sharing a room in a budget hotel. Many take advance bookings, including all three main hostel groups: FUAJ (Wwww.fuaj.fr), which is part of Hostelling Inter national; UCRIF (Wwww.ucrif.asso.fr), which caters largely to groups; and MIJE (Wwww.mije.com), which runs three excellent hostels in historic buildings in the Marais. Independent hostels tend to be noisier places, often with bars attached. 175 H O S T E L S With 200 beds, the BVJ Louvre attracts an international studenty crowd, though dorms (sleeping eight) have a slightly institutional feel. Single rooms are available. Restaurant open daily except Sun. Dorm beds €29, twins €62 BVJ PARIS QUARTIER LATIN > 44 rue des Bernardins MMaubert- Mutualité T01.43.29.34.80, Wwww.bvjhotel.com. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP E18. Spick and span hostel in a good location. Single rooms (€45) and dorm beds are good value; for double rooms (€66) you can do better elsewhere. Dorm beds €29 LE FAUCONNIER > 11 rue du Fauconnier MSt-Paul/Pont Marie T01.42.74.23.45, Wwww.mije.com. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F17. MIJE hostel in a superbly renovated seventeenth-century building. Dorms sleep three to eight, and there are some single (€49) and double rooms too (€72), with en-suite showers. Dorm beds €30 LE FOURCY > 6 rue de Fourcy MSt Paul T01.42.74.23.45. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F17. Another excellent MIJE hostel (same prices and deal as Le Fauconnier, see above). Housed in a beautiful mansion, this place has a small garden and an inexpensive restaurant. Doubles and triples also available. JULES FERRY > 8 bd Jules-Ferry MRépublique T01.43.57.55.60, Wwww.fuaj.fr. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP H13. Fairly central HI hostel, in a lively area at the foot of the Belleville hill. Difﬁcult to get a place, but they can help ﬁnd a bed elsewhere. Two to four people in each room. Dorm beds from €23 MAUBUISSON > 12 rue des Barres MPont Marie/Hôtel de Ville T01.42.74.23.45. MAP P.86–87, POCKET MAP F16. A MIJE hostel in a magniﬁcent medieval building on a quiet street. Shared use of the restaurant at Le Fourcy (see above). Dorms only, sleeping four. Dorm beds €30 OOPS > 50 ave des Gobelins MGobelins T01.47.07.47.00, Wwww.oops-paris.com. MAP P.137, POCKET MAP J12. This “design hostel”, opened in 2007, is brightly decorated with funky patterns. All dorms are en suite, there’s free wi-ﬁ, a/c and a basic breakfast, and it’s open 24 hours. Private doubles from €60. Unexceptional location, but it’s just a couple of métro stops south of the Quartier Latin. Dorm beds €23–30 ST CHRISTOPHER’S PARIS > 68–74 Quai de la Seine MCrimée/ Laumière T01.40.34.34.40, Wwww.st-christophers.co.uk/paris -hostels. MAP P.104, POCKET MAP L3. Massive new hostel overlooking the waters of the Bassin de la Villette – some way from the centre. Rooms sleep six to eight and are pleasant in a functional, cabin-like way, but there’s a great bar, inexpensive restaurant, and free internet access. As well as dorms there are also twins and doubles available (€42–80). Dorm beds €25–30 LE VILLAGE HOSTEL > 20 rue d’Orsel MAnvers T01.42.64.22.02, Wwww.villagehostel.fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP H3. Attractive independent hostel in a handsome building, with good facilities and a view of Sacré-Coeur from the terrace. Doubles €35–45 and triples €32–38 per person, including breakfast. Small discounts in winter. Dorm beds €28 WOODSTOCK HOSTEL > 48 rue Rodier MAnvers/St-Georges T01.48.78.87.76, Wwww.woodstock .fr. MAP P.144–145, POCKET MAP H4. A reliable hostel with its own bar, set in a great location on a pretty street near Montmartre. Twin rooms also available €22–25 per person, breakfast included. Dorm beds €19–22 YOUNG AND HAPPY HOSTEL > 80 rue Mouffetard MMonge/ Censier-Daubenton T01.47.07.47.07, Wwww.youngandhappy.fr. MAP P.114–115, POCKET MAP H11. Noisy, basic and studenty independent hostel in a lively, touristy location. Dorms, with shower, sleep four, and there are a few doubles (€26 per person). Curfew 2am; lockout 11am–4am. Dorm beds from €20 178 A R R I V A L Arrival It’s easy to get from both of Paris’s main airports to the city centre using the efﬁcient public transport links. The budget airline airport, Beauvais, is served by buses. If you’re arriving by train, of course, it’s easier still: just get on the métro. By air The two main Paris airports that deal with international ﬂights are Roissy-Charles de Gaulle and Orly, both well connected to the centre. Information on them can be found on Wwww.aeroportsdeparis.fr. A third airport, Beauvais, is used by Ryanair. Bear in mind that you can buy a Paris Visite card at the airports which will cover multiple journeys to and within the city (see p.181). ROISSY-CHARLES DE GAULLE AIRPORT Roissy-Charles de Gaulle Airport (24hr information in English T01.70.36.39.50), usually referred to as Charles de Gaulle and abbreviated to CDG, is 23km northeast of the city. The airport has two main terminals linked by a shuttle bus. The simplest way to reach the city centre is by the Roissyrail train link, on RER line B, which takes thirty minutes (every 15min 5am–midnight; €8.40 one way). You can pick it up direct at CDG 2, but from CDG 1 you have to get a shuttle bus (navette) to the RER station ﬁrst. The train is fast to Gare du Nord, then stops at Châtelet-Les Halles, St-Michel and Denfert-Rochereau, all of which have métro stations for onward travel. Ordinary commuter trains also run on this line, but make more stops and have fewer facili- ties for luggage storage. Various bus companies provide services from the airport direct to a number of city-centre locations, though may take longer than Roissy- rail. The Roissybus, for instance, connects CDG 1 and CDG 2 with the Opéra-Garnier (corner of rues Auber and Scribe; MOpéra/RER Auber); it runs every ﬁfteen to thirty minutes from 5.45am to 11pm, costs €9.10 one-way and takes around an hour. There are also two Air France buses (Whttp://videocdn.airfrance.com/ cars-airfrance): one stops outside Charles-de-Gaulle-Etoile RER/métro and the other at the Gare de Lyon before terminating near the Gare Montparnasse. Timings are similar to the Roissybus, but tickets are more expensive at €24–27 return. A more useful alternative is the minibus door-to-door service, Paris Blue, which costs from €36 for two people, with no extra charge for luggage. It operates round-the- clock but bookings must be made at least 24 hours in advance on T01.30.11.13.00 or via Wwww .paris-blue-airport-shuttle.fr. Taxis into central Paris from CDG cost around €50 on the meter and should take between ﬁfty minutes and an hour. Note that if your ﬂight gets in after midnight your only means of transport is a taxi or the minibus service. ORLY AIRPORT Orly Airport (T01.70.36.39.50), 14km south of Paris, has two terminals, Orly Sud (south; for international ﬂights) and Orly Ouest (west; for domestic ﬂights), linked by shuttle bus but easily walkable. The easiest way into the centre is the Orlyval, a fast train shuttle link to RER station Antony, from where you can pick up RER line B trains to the central RER/métro stations 179 A R R I V A L Denfert-Rochereau, St-Michel and Châtelet-Les Halles; it runs every four to seven minutes from 6am to 11pm (€9.85 one way including shuttle; 35min to Châtelet). Another service connecting with the RER is the “Paris par le train” shuttle bus (navette): this takes you to RER line C station Pont de Rungis, from where trains leave every twenty minutes from 5am to 11.30pm for the Gare d’Austerlitz and other métro connection stops (€6.40 one way; train 35min, total journey around 50min). Leaving Paris, the train runs from Gare d’Austerlitz from 5.40am to 10.40pm. Taxis take about 35 minutes to the city centre and cost around €35. BEAUVAIS AIRPORT Beauvais Airport (T08.92.68.20.66, Wwww.aeroportbeauvais.com) is a fair distance from Paris – some 65km northwest – and is used by Ryanair. Coaches (€14 one-way) shuttle between the airport and Porte Maillot, at the northwestern edge of Paris, where you can pick up métro line 1 to the centre. Coaches take about an hour, and leave between ﬁfteen and thirty minutes after the ﬂight has arrived and about three hours before the ﬂight departs on the way back. Tickets can be bought via the airport’s website, at Arrivals or from the Beauvais shop at 1 boulevard Pershing, near the Porte Maillot terminal. By rail Eurostar (T08.92.35.35.39, Wwww .eurostar.com) trains terminate at the Gare du Nord in the northeast of the city – a bustling convergence of international, long-distance and suburban trains, the métro and several bus routes. Coming off the train, turn left for the métro and the RER, immediately right and through the side door for taxis (roughly €10 to the centre). The Eurostar ofﬁces and check-in point for departures are both located on the mezzanine level, above the main station entrance. Gare du Nord is also the arrival point for trains from Calais and northern European countries, such as Belgium. Paris has ﬁve other mainline train stations, part of the national SNCF network: the Gare de l’Est serves eastern France and central and eastern Europe; the Gare St-Lazare serves the Normandy coast and Dieppe; the Gare de Lyon serves Italy, Switzerland and TGV trains to southeast France. South of the river, the Gare Montparnasse is the terminus for Chartres, Brittany, the Atlantic coast and TGV lines to southwest France and the Loire Valley; the Gare d’Austerlitz runs ordinary trains to the Loire Valley and the Dordogne. The motorail station, Gare de Paris-Bercy, is down the tracks from the Gare de Lyon on boulevard de Bercy. For information on national train services and reservations phone T36.35 (within France only), T08.92.35.35.35, or consult: Wwww.sncf.com. For information on suburban lines call T08.91.36.20.20. You can buy tickets at any train station, at travel agents and online at the SNCF website. By road If arriving by bus – inter national or domestic – you’ll almost certainly arrive at the main Gare Routière, at the eastern edge of the city; métro Gallieni (line 3) links it to the centre. If you’re driving in yourself, don’t travel straight across the city. Use the ring road – the boulevard périphérique – to get around to the nearest porte: it’s quicker, except at rush hour, and easier to navigate. 180 G E T T I N G A R O U N D Tickets and passes For a short stay, it's worth buying a carnet of ten tickets, available from any station or tabac (€11.60, as opposed to €1.60 for an individual ticket, or €1.70 when bought on buses). The RATP is divided into ﬁve zones, and the métro system itself more or less ﬁts into zones 1 and 2. The same tickets are valid for the buses (including the night bus), métro and, within the city limits and immediate suburbs (zones 1 and 2), the RER express rail lines, which also extend far out into the Ile de France. Only one ticket is ever needed on the métro system, and within zones 1 and 2 for any RER or bus journey, but you can’t switch between buses or between bus and métro/RER on the same ticket. Children under 4 travel free and from ages 4 to 10 at half-price. Don’t buy from the touts who hang round the main stations – you may pay well over the odds, quite often for a used ticket – and be sure to keep your ticket until the end of Getting around While walking is undoubtedly the best way to discover Paris, the city’s integrated public transport system of bus, métro, tram and trains – the RATP (Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens; Wwww .ratp.fr) – is reasonably priced, fast and meticulously signposted. You’ll ﬁnd a métro map at the front of this book; alternatively, free métro and bus maps of varying sizes and detail are available at most stations, bus terminals and tourist ofﬁces: the largest and most useful is the Grand Plan de Paris numéro 2, which overlays the métro, RER and bus routes on a map of the city so you can see exactly how transport lines and streets match up. If you just want a handy pocket-sized métro/ bus map ask for the Petit Plan de Paris or the smaller Paris Plan de Poche. You can download a useful searchable interactive online version at Wwww.ratp.fr. Touring Paris by public transport A good way to take in the sights is to hop on a bus. Bus #20 (wheelchair accessible) from the Gare de Lyon follows the Grands Boulevards and does a loop through the 1 er and 2 e arrondissements. Bus #24 (also wheelchair accessible) between Porte de Bercy and Gare St-Lazare follows the left bank of the Seine. Bus #29 is one of the best routes for taking in the city: it ventures from the Gare St-Lazare past the Opéra Garnier, the Bourse and the Centre Pompidou, through the Marais and past Bastille to the Gare de Lyon. For La Voie Triomphale, take a trip on bus #73 between La Défense and the Musée d’Orsay, while bus #63 drives a scenic route along the Seine on the Rive Gauche, then crosses the river and heads up to Trocadéro, where there are wonderful views of the Eiffel Tower. Many more bus journeys – outside rush hours – are worthwhile trips in themselves: get hold of the Grand Plan de Paris from a métro station and check out the routes of buses #38, #48, #64, #67, #68, #69, #82, #87 and #95. The métro, surprisingly, can also provide some scenery: the overground line on the southern route between Charles-de-Gaulle-Etoile and Nation (line 6) gives you views of the Eiffel Tower, the Ile des Cygnes, the Invalides, the new Bibliothèque Nationale and the Finance Ministry. 181 G E T T I N G A R O U N D save time by buying passes from the info point at the St Pancras Inter- national Eurostar terminal. The métro and RER The métro, combined with the RER (Réseau Express Régional) suburban express lines, is the simplest way of moving around the city. The métro runs from 5.20am to 1.20am, RER trains from 4.45am to 1.30am. Stations (abbre viated: MConcorde, RER Luxem bourg, etc) are evenly spaced and you’ll rarely ﬁnd your- self more than 500m from one in the centre, though the interchanges can involve a lot of legwork, including many stairs. Every station has a big plan of the network outside the entrance and several inside, as well as a map of the local area. The métro lines are colour-coded and designated by numbers for the métro and by letters for the RER, although they are signposted within the system with the names of the terminus stations: for example, travelling from Montparnasse to Châtelet, you follow the sign “Direction Porte-de-Clignancourt”; from Gare d’Austerlitz to Grenelle on line 10 you follow “Direction Boulogne–Pont-de-St-Cloud”. The numerous interchanges (corres- pondances) make it possible to travel all over the city in a more or less straight line. For RER journeys beyond the city, make sure that the station you want is illuminated on the platform display board. the journey as you’ll be ﬁned on the spot if you can’t produce one. If you’re doing a fair number of journeys for just one day, it might be worth getting a Mobilis day pass (€5.90 for zones 1 and 2; €7.90 zones 1–3), which offers unlimited access to the métro, buses, trams and, depen ding on which zones you choose, the RER – note that the Mobilis pass is not valid to or from the airports. Other possi bilities are the Paris Visite passes (Wwww.ratp.info /touristes), one-, two, three- and ﬁve- day visitors’ passes at €9, €14.70, €20 and €28.90 for Paris and close suburbs, or €18.90, €28.90, €40.50 and €49.40 to include the airports, Versailles and Disneyland Paris (make sure you buy this one when you arrive at Roissy-Charles de Gaulle or Orly to get maximum value). A half-price child’s version is also available. You can buy them from métro and RER stations, tourist ofﬁces and online from Wwww.helloparis.co.uk or Wwww.parismetro.com. Paris Visite passes become valid on the ﬁrst day you use them and entitle you to unlimited travel (in the zones you have chosen) on bus, métro, trams, RER, SNCF, the Montmartrobus around Montmartre and the Montmartre funicular between the hours of 5.30am and 1.30am; they also allow you discounts at certain monuments, museums and tours, including day tickets to Disneyland Paris. If you’re going to Paris by Eurostar, you could Fly Less – Stay Longer! R ough Guides believes in the good that travel does, but we are deeply aware of the impact of fuel emissions on climate change. We recommend taking fewer trips and staying for longer. If you can avoid travelling by air, please use an alternative, especially for journeys of under 1000km/600miles. And always offset your travel at Wwww.roughguides .com/climatechange. 182 G E T T I N G A R O U N D Taxis Taxi charges are fairly reasonable, though considerably more if you call one out; there’s a pick-up charge of €2.20. The minimum charge for a journey is €6, and you’ll pay €1 for each piece of luggage. Waiting time costs from €28 an hour. Drivers don’t have to take more than three passengers (they don’t like people sitting in the front); if a fourth passenger is accepted, €2.95 will be added to the fare. A tip of ten percent is expected. Waiting at a taxi rank (arrêt taxi) is usually more effective than hailing one from the street. If the large white light on top of the vehicle is lit up, the taxi is free. Taxis can be rather thin on the ground at lunchtime and after 7pm, when you might prefer to call one out – the main ﬁrms are all on one number (T01.45.30.30.30). Cycling Parisians have taken enthusiastically to Velib’ (Wwww.velib.paris.fr), the self-service bike scheme set up in 2007. Thousands of sleek, modern – and heavy – bicycles are stationed at around 1500 locations around the city; you simply pick one up at one rack, or borne, ride to your destination, and drop it off again. The scheme hasn’t been without its problems, mainly owing to vandalism and theft, but it’s certainly popular and widely admired. Passes – one-day €2, weekly €5 – are sold online and from meters at each borne; plug in your credit card details (which will also secure a €150 deposit, not cashed unless you damage the bike). The ﬁrst thirty minutes on top of the cost of the pass are free, but after that costs mount; €1 for the next half-hour, €3 for the next, and €4 for every further Buses and trams The city’s buses (5.30am–8.30pm, with some continuing to 12.30am) are easy to use, and allow you to see much more than on the métro. However, many lines don’t operate on Sundays and holidays – log onto Wwww.ratp.fr for a map of the most useful tourist routes. Bus stops display the name of the stop, the numbers of the buses that stop there, a map showing all the stops on the route, and the times of the ﬁrst and last services. As with all forms of transport you can buy a single ticket (€1.60, or €1.70 from the driver), or a pre-purchased carnet ticket or pass (see p.180); insert it into one of the machines on board to validate. Press the red button to request a stop. On Sunday afternoons and holidays from mid-April to mid-September, a special Balabus service (not to be confused with Batobus, see opposite) passes all the major tourist sights between the Grande Arche de la Défense and Gare de Lyon (every 15–20min noon–9pm). Bus stops are marked “Balabus”, and you’ll need one to three bus tickets, depending on the length of your journey. Paris Visite and Mobilis passes are also valid. Night buses (Noctilien; Wwww .noctilien.fr) ply 45 routes at least every hour from 12.30am to 5.30am between place du Châtelet and the suburbs. Details of routes are avail- able online. There are currently four tram lines in and around Paris, with more planned; currently the most useful is line T3, which runs along the southern edge of the city from the Pont du Garigliano on the Seine in the 15 e arrondissement to Pont d’Ivry métro. Trams every ﬁve or ten minutes or so between 4.50am and 11.40pm; stops are marked by a large "T". 183 G E T T I N G A R O U N D Driving Travelling by car – in the daytime at least – is hardly worth it because of the difﬁculty of ﬁnding parking spaces. You’re better off locating a motel-style place on the edge of the city and using public transport. If you’re determined to use the pay- and-display parking system you must buy a Paris Carte (like a phonecard) worth €10–30 from a tabac, then look for the blue “P” signs alongside grey parking meters. Put the card in the meter and it automatically deducts from the value on the card – it costs €1–3 an hour depending on location, for a maximum of two hours. Alternatively, make for an underground car park; these cost up to €2.50 per hour, or around €25 for 24 hours. The French drive on the right, and, if your car is right-hand drive, you must have your headlight dip adjusted to the right before you go – it’s a legal requirement. As a courtesy, change or paint them to yellow or stick on black glare deﬂec- tors. Remember you must be 18 or over to drive in France. half hour. Helmets are not provided. There are between twelve and twenty bike stands at each borne, which are around 300m apart. Maps of the network are displayed at the bornes, and available to print in advance from their website. Incidentally, if you’re caught running a red light while cycling in Paris, you’ll be ﬁned €100 on the spot. Boats One of the most enjoyable ways to get around Paris is on the Batobus (T08.25.05.01.01, Wwww.batobus .com), which operates all year round, apart from January, stopping at eight points along the Seine, from the Eiffel Tower to the Jardin des Plan- tes. Boats run every ﬁfteen to thirty minutes (Feb to mid-March, Nov and Dec 10.30am–4.30pm; mid-March to May, Sept and Oct 10am–7pm; June–Aug 10am–9.30pm). The total journey time for a round-trip is around ninety minutes and you can hop on and off as many times as you like – a day pass costs €13, two consecutive days €17 and ﬁve conse- cutive days €20 (kids half price). Boat trips M ost tourists are keen to take a boat trip on the Seine. The faithful old Bateaux-Mouches (Wwww.bateaux-mouches.fr) is the best- known operator. Leaving from the Embarcadère du Pont de l’Alma on the Right Bank in the 8 e (MAlma-Marceau), the rides last 1hr 10min, cost €10 (€5 for children and over-65s) and take you past the major Seine-side sights, such as Notre-Dame and the Louvre. From April to September boats leave every 30–45 minutes from 10.15am to 7pm, then every 20 minutes from 7 to 11pm; winter departures are less frequent, and a minimum of ﬁfty passengers is needed. Another option, which takes you past less-visited sights, is to take a canal boat trip run by Canauxrama (Wwww.canauxrama.com) on the Canal St-Martin in the east of the city. Day and night cruises last 2hr 30min and cost €15 (children €8). The catamaran Paris-Canal also plies the Canal St-Martin, running two-and-a-half-hour trips between the Musée d’Orsay and the Parc de la Villette from April to November (reservations required; T01.42.40.96.97, Wwww.pariscanal.com; €17, children €10). 184 D I R E C T O R Y A – Z the more interesting cinemas in the city are: Le Grand Rex, 1 bd Poissonnière (MBonne Nouvelle), a famously kitsch Art Deco cinema showing blockbusters (usually dubbed); Max Linder Panorama, 24 bd Poissonnière (MBonne Nouvelle), a 1930s cinema showing ﬁlms in the original format, with state-of-the-art sound; La Pagode, 57bis rue de Babylone (MFrançois- Xavier), a reproduction Japanese pagoda and the most beauti ful of the city’s cinemas; and the cluster of inventive cinemas at the junction of rue Champollion and rue des Ecoles, Reﬂet Medicis Logos, Quartier Latin and Le Champo (MCluny-La Sorbonne), which offer up rare screenings and classics. The Cinémathèque Française, 51 rue de Bercy (Wwww.cinematheque francaise.com; MBercy) shows dozens of ﬁlms every week, includ- ing lots of art-house fare, and costs just €6.50. Crime Petty theft sometimes occurs on the métro, at train stations and at tourist hotspots such as Les Halles and around rue de la Huchette, in the Quartier Latin. Serious crime against tourists is rare. To report thefts, you have to make your way to the commissariat de police in the arrondissement where the theft took place. The Préfecture de Police de Paris is at 7 boulevard du Palais (T01.53.73.53.73). For rape crisis (SOS Viol) call T08.00.05.95.95. Embassies and consulates Australia, 4 rue Jean-Rey, 15 e (MBir-Hakeim) T01.40.59.33.00, Wwww.france.embassy.gov.au; Canada, 35 av Montaigne, 8 e (MFranklin-D-Roosevelt) T01.44.43.29.00, Wwww.amb -canada.fr; Ireland, 4 rue Rude, Directory A–Z Addresses Paris is divided into twenty districts, or arrondissements. The ﬁrst arrondis sement, or “1 er ” is centred on the Louvre, in the heart of the city. The rest wind outward in a clockwise direction like a snail’s shell: the 2 e , 3 e and 4 e are central; the 5 e , 6 e and 7 e lie on the inner part of the left (south) bank; while the 8 e –20 e make up the outer districts. Parisian addresses often quote the arrondissement, along with the nearest métro station or stations, too. Banks and exchange All ATMs – distributeurs or points argent, found everywhere – give instructions in French or English. You can also use credit cards for (interest-paying) cash advances at banks and ATMs. On the whole, the best exchange rates are offered by banks, though there’s always a commission charge on top. Be very wary of bureaux de change, which cluster round arrival points and tourist spots, as they can really rip you off. Standard banking hours are Monday to Friday from 9am to 4 or 5pm. A few banks close for lunch; some are open on Saturday 9am to noon; all are closed on Sunday and public holidays. Money- exchange bureaux stay open until 6 or 7pm, tend not to close for lunch and may even open on Sundays in the more touristy areas. Cinemas Paris has a world-renowned concen- tration of cinemas, and moviegoers can choose from around three hund red ﬁlms showing in any one week. Tickets rarely need to be purchased in advance and are good value at around €8–10. Among 185 D I R E C T O R Y A – Z (T01.45.62.02.41; 24hr; MGeorge-V); Pharmacie des Halles, 10 bd Sébas- topol, 4 e (T01.42.72.03.23; Mon–Sat 9am–midnight, Sun 9am–10pm; MChâtelet). British citizens with a European Health Insurance Card (available from post ofﬁces) can take advantage of French health services. Non-EU citizens are strongly advised to take out travel insurance. Internet Internet access is everywhere in Paris – if it’s not in your hotel there’ll be a café close by, and there are lots of points internet around the city centre. Most are open long hours but rates vary: expect to pay anything between €2.50 and €8 per hour. Most post ofﬁces, too, have a computer geared up for public internet access. Free wi-ﬁ access is widespread and offered by many hotels, cafés, bars, train stations, sites like the Pompidou Centre and 200 public gardens. Lost property The lost property ofﬁce (Bureau des Objets Trouvés) is at the Préfec- ture de Police, 36 rue des Morillons, 15 e ; T08.21.00.25.25 (Mon–Thurs 8.30am–5pm, Fri 8.30am–4.30pm; MConvention). For property lost on public transport, phone the RATP on T01.40.30.52.00. If you lose your passport, report it at a police station, then your embassy (see opposite). Museum/monument passes The cost of entrance tickets to museums and monuments can add up, but with a little pre-planning you can sightsee relatively cheaply. The permanent collections at all municipal museums are free all year round, while all national museums (including the Louvre and Musée d’Orsay) are free on the ﬁrst Sunday of the month – see Wwww.rmn.fr for a full list – and to under-18s. 16 e (MCharles-de-Gaulle-Etoile) T01.44.17.67.00; New Zealand, 7 rue Léonard-de-Vinci, 16 e (MVictor-Hugo) T01.45.01.43.43; South Africa, 59 quai d’Orsay, 7 e ; (MInvalides) T01.53.59.23.23, Wwww.afriquesud.net. UK, 35 rue du Faubourg St-Honoré, 8 e (MConcorde) T01.44.51.31.00, Wwww.britishembassy.gov.uk /france; US, 2 rue St-Florentin, 1 er (MConcorde) T01.43.12.22.22, Whttp://france.usembassy.gov. Gay and lesbian travellers Paris has a vibrant, upfront gay community, and full-on prejudice or hostility is rare. Legally, France is liberal as regards homosexuality, with legal consent starting at 16 and laws protecting gay couples’ rights. The Centre Gai Lesbien Bi et Trans, 63 rue Beaubourg, 3 e , T01.43.57.21.47, Wwww.centrel gbtparis.org (Tues–Sat 3–8pm; MArts et Métiers), is a useful port of call for information and advice. Useful contacts and listings can be found in the excellent glossy monthly magazine, Tétu (Wwww.tetu.com). Health Pharmacies can give good advice on minor complaints, offer appropriate medicines and recommend a doctor. Most are open roughly 8am–8pm; details of the nearest one open at night are posted in all pharmacies. You can ﬁnd a good English-speaking chemist at Swann, 6 rue Castiglione, 1 er (T01.42.60.72.96). Pharmacies open at night include Dérhy/ Pharmacie des Champs-Elysées, 84 avenue des Champs-Elysées, 8 e Emergency numbers Ambulance T15; police T17; ﬁre T18. 186 D I R E C T O R Y A – Z afternoon). You can always ﬁnd boulangeries and food shops that stay open on days when others close – on Sunday normally until noon. At the time of writing, the French government was considering easing Sunday trading restrictions. Restaurants, bars and cafés often close on Sunday or Monday, and quite a few restaurants also close on Saturdays, especially at midday. It’s common for bars and cafés to stay open to 2am, and even extend hours on a Friday and Saturday night, closing earlier on Sunday. Restaurants won’t usually serve after 10pm, though some brasseries cater for night owls and serve meals till the early hours. Many restaurants and shops take a holiday between the middle of July and the end of August, and over Easter and Christmas. Post French post ofﬁces (la Poste) – look for bright yellow-and-blue signs – are generally open Mon–Fri 8am–7pm, Sat 8am–noon. However, Paris’s main ofﬁce, at 52 rue du Louvre, 1 er (MEtienne-Marcel), is open 24 hours for all postal services (but not banking). The easiest place to buy ordinary stamps (timbres) is at a tobacconist (tabac). Postcards (cartes postales) and letters (lettres) up to 20g cost €0.70 for the UK and EU, and €0.85 for North America, Asia and Oceania. For anything heavier, most post ofﬁces now have yellow guichet automatiques which weigh your letter or package and give you the correct stamps. Racism Paris has an unfortunate reputation for racism, but harassment of tour- ists is unlikely to be a problem. That said, there are reports of unpleasant incidents such as restaurants Elsewhere, the cut-off age for free admission varies between 18, 12 and 4. Reduced admission is often available for 18 to 26-year-olds and for those over 60 or 65 (regardless of whether you are still working or not); you’ll need to carry your passport or ID card with you as proof of age. Some discounts (often around one-third off) are available for students with an ISIC Card (International Student Identity Card; Wwww.isiccard.com); this is usually the only card accepted for student admissions. If you’re planning to visit a great many museums in a short time it might be worth buying the Paris Museum Pass (€32 for 2 conse- cutive days, €48 for 4 consecutive days, €64 for 6 consecutive days; Wwww.parismuseumpass.fr). Available online and from tourist ofﬁces and participating museums, it’s valid for 35 or so of the most important museums and monuments including the Pompidou Centre, the Louvre and the Château de Versailles, and allows you to bypass ticket queues (though not the security checkpoints); it often doesn’t cover the cost of special exhibitions. The Paris Visite multi-day transport pass (see p.181) also offers discounts on a number of museum admissions. Opening hours Most shops, businesses, information services, museums and banks in Paris stay open all day. The excep- tions are the smaller shops and enterprises, which may close for lunch some time between 12.30pm and 2pm. Basic hours of business are from 8 or 9am to 6.30 or 7.30pm Monday to Saturday for the big shops, and Tuesday to Saturday for smaller shops (some of the smaller shops may open on Monday 187 D I R E C T O R Y A – Z to leave more than small change. Taxi drivers and hairdressers expect around ten percent. You should tip only at the most expensive hotels; in other cases you’re probably tipping the proprietor. Tourist information At Paris’s tourist ofﬁces (Wwww .parisinfo.com) you can pick up maps and information, book accommo- dation and buy travel passes and the Paris Museum Pass (see opposite). The main ofﬁce is at 25 rue des Pyramides (Mon–Sat 10am–7pm, Sun 11am–7pm; MPyramides). Other useful locations include Carrousel du Louvre, accessed from 99 rue de Rivoli (daily 10am–6pm; MPalais Royal-Musée du Louvre), which also has information on the Ile de France. Montmartre has its own ofﬁce on place du Tertre (daily 10am–7pm; MAnvers) and there are booths at the Gare du Nord (daily 8am–6pm) and Gare de Lyon (Mon–Sat 8am–6pm). Of Paris’s inexpensive weekly listings magazines, sold at newsagents and kiosks, Pariscope has the edge, with a comprehensive section on ﬁlms. On Wednesdays, Le Monde and Le Figaro also bring out free listings supplements, while for more detail, the webzines Paris Voice (Wwww.parisvoice.com) and GoGo Paris (Wwww.gogoparis.com) cover the latest events. Travellers with disabilities While the situation is certainly improving, Paris has never had any special reputation for access facili- ties. The narrow pavements make wheelchair travel stressful, and the métro system has endless ﬂights of steps. Museums, however, are getting much better. Up-to-date information is best obtained from organizations at home before you leave. claiming to be fully booked, or shopkeepers with a suspicious eye, and travellers of north African or Arab appearance may be unlucky enough to encounter outright hostility or excessive police interest. Telephones Almost all public phones take phonecards (télécartes), sold at railway stations and tabacs. Many call boxes also accept credit cards, but coin-operated phones are rare. For calling within Paris, you’ll always need to dial the regional code ﬁrst – T01. Local calls are inexpensive, especially off-peak, though hotel phones usually carry a signiﬁcant mark-up. Domestic and international off-peak rates run at weekends and weekdays from 7pm to 8am. At peak rates, €1 gets you about ﬁve minutes to the US or Britain. The number for French directory enquiries and opera- tor assistance is T12. France operates on the European GSM mobile phone standard, so travellers from Britain can bring theirs from home; US cellphones, however, won’t work in Paris unless they’re tri-band. Time Paris, and all of France, is in the Central European Time Zone (GMT+1): one hour ahead of the UK, six hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time and nine hours ahead of Paciﬁc Standard Time. In France, and all of the EU, Daylight Saving Time (+1hr) lasts from the last Sunday of March through to the last Sunday of October, so for one week in late March and/or early April North American clocks lag an extra hour behind. Tipping Service is almost always included in restaurant bills, so you don’t need F E S T I V A L S A N D E V E N T S 188 Festivals and events military march down the Champs- Elysées followed by ﬁreworks. TOUR DE FRANCE 3rd or 4th Sunday in July Wwww.letour.fr Paris stages the ﬁnal romp home of the Tour de France, and thousands line the route to cheer cyclists to the ﬁnish line on the Champs-Elysées. PARIS PLAGE Mid-July to mid-August Three sections of the Seine – from the Louvre to the Pont de Sully, at the foot of the Mitterand National Library near the Josephine Baker swimming pool, and at Bassin de la Villette – are transformed into “beaches”, complete with real sand, deckchairs and palm trees. Various extras, from tai chi classes to lending libraries and cafés are available. JOURNÉES DU PATRIMOINE 3rd weekend in September Wwww.journeesdupatrimoine.culture.fr Off-limits and private buildings throw open their doors to a curious public for the “heritage days”. FESTIVAL D’AUTOMNE Last week of September up to Christmas Wwww.festival-automne.com The Festival d’Automne is an inter national festival of theatre and music, much of it avant-garde and exciting. NUIT BLANCHE Early October Wwww.paris.fr Nuit Blanche is a night-long festival of poetry readings, concerts and performance art, held in galleries, bars, restaurants and public build- ings across the city. Paris hosts an impressive roster of festivals and events. In addition to the festivals listed below, France celebrates thirteen national holidays: January 1; Easter Sunday; Easter Monday; Ascension Day; Whitsun; Whit Monday; May 1; May 8; July 14; August 15; November 1; November 11; December 25. FÊTE DE LA MUSIQUE June 21 Wwww.fetedelamusique.culture.fr During the annual Fête de la Musique, buskers take to the streets and free concerts are held across the whole city in a fun day of music-making. PRIDE MARCH Last Saturday of June Whttp://marche.inter-lgbt.org The Marche des Fiertés LGBT, or gay pride march, is a ﬂamboyant parade of ﬂoats and costumes making its way from Montparnasse to Bastille, followed by partying and club events. FÊTE DU CINÉMA End June Wwww.feteducinema.com A superb opportunity to view a wide range of ﬁlms, from classics to the cutting-edge in French and foreign cinema. Buy one full-price ticket and you can see any number of ﬁlms during the weekend-long festival for €2. BASTILLE DAY July 14 The Big One: on Bastille Day the city celebrates the 1789 storming of the Bastille. The party starts the evening before, with dancing around place de la Bastille; in the morning there's a 189 C H R O N O L O G Y 1348 > The Black Death kills some 800 Parisians a day, and over the next 140 years one year in four is a plague year, and Paris’s population falls by half. 1429 > Joan of Arc attempts to drive the English out of Paris, but it is not until 1437 that Charles VII regains control of his capital. 1528 > François I ﬁnally brings the royal court back from the Loire to his new palace at the Louvre. He sets about building the Tuileries palace. 1572 > On St Bartholomew’s Day, August 25, some 3000 Protestants gathered in Paris are massacred at the instigation of the ultra-Catholic Guise family. 1607 > The triumphant monarch Henri IV builds the Pont Neuf and sets about creating a worthy capital. 1661–1715 > Louis XIV trans- fers the court to Versailles, but this doesn’t stop the city growing in size, wealth and prestige. 1786 >The wall of the Fermiers Généraux is erected around Paris. The wall has 57 toll gates (one of which survives at place Stalingrad), which levy a tax on all goods enter- ing Paris, a source of irritation in the lead-up to revolution. 1789 > Long-standing tensions explode into revolution. Ordinary Parisians, the “sans-culottes”, storm the Bastille prison on July 14. 1793 > The revolutionaries banish the monarchy and execute Louis XVI. A dictatorship is set up, headed by the ruthless Robespierre. Chronology Third-century BC > A tribe known as the Parisii begins to settle on the Ile de la Cité. 52 AD > When Julius Caesar’s conquering armies arrive they ﬁnd a thriving settlement of some 8000 people. Around 275 > St Denis brings Christianity to Paris. He is martyred for his beliefs at Montmartre. 451 > The marauding bands of Attila the Hun are repulsed sup- posedly thanks to the prayerful intervention of Geneviève, a peasant girl from Nanterre who becomes the city’s patron saint. 486 > The city falls to Clovis the Frank. His dynasty, the feuding Merovingians, governs Paris for the next two hundred years or so. 768 > Charlemagne is proclaimed king at St-Denis. Over the next forty years he conquers half of Europe – but spends little time in Paris. 845–85 > Vikings repeatedly sack Paris. 987 > Hugues Capet, one of the counts of Paris, is elected king of Francia and makes Paris his capital. 1200s > Paris experiences an economic boom, its university becomes the centre of European learning and King Philippe-Auguste constructs a vast city wall. 1330s to 1430s > The French and English nobility struggle for power in the Hundred Years’ War. 190 C H R O N O L O G Y 1894 > Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew, is convicted on the ﬂimsiest of evidence of spying for the Germans. The Dreyfus Affair divides Parisian society into two camps: the Dreyfusards (including repub- licans and left-wing intellectuals Jean Jaurès, Anatole France and Léon Blum), suspecting a cover-up by the army, and anti-Dreyfusards, including clerics, monarchists and conservatives, who suspect a Jewish conspiracy. 1895 > Parisians are the ﬁrst people anywhere in the world to see the jerky cinematic documen- taries of the Lumière brothers. 1900 > The Métropolitain underground railway, or “métro”, is unveiled. 1910 > The Great Flood of Paris: the River Seine bursts its banks, rendering thousands homeless and paralysing the city. Parisians get around by boat and hastily constructed wooden walkways. Damage is estimated at 400 million francs. 1914 > War with Germany calls time on the “belle époque”. In September, the Kaiser’s armies are just barely held off by French troops shuttled from Paris to the front line, just ﬁfteen miles away. 1920s > In the aftermath of war, the decadent années folles (or “mad years”) of the 1920s rescue Paris’s international reputation for hedonism. 1940 > In May and June, the government ﬂees Paris, and Nazi soldiers are soon marching down the Champs-Elysées. Four years of largely collaborative fascist rule ensue. 1799 > Army general Napoleon Bonaparte seizes control in a coup and, in 1804, crowns himself emperor in Notre-Dame. 1820s > Paris acquires gas light- ing and its ﬁrst omnibus. 1830 > After three days of ﬁghting, known as les trois glorieuses, Louis-Philippe is elected consti- tutional monarch. 1848 > In June, revolution erupts once again. Louis Napoleon Bona- parte, Napoleon’s nephew, is elected president. In 1851 he declares himself Emperor Napoleon III. 1850s and 1860s > Baron Haussmann literally bulldozes the city into the modern age, creating long, straight boulevards and squares. 1863 > At the Salon des Refusés, Manet’s proto-impressionist painting Déjeuner sur l’Herbe scandalizes all of Paris. 1870 > Hundreds die of starvation as the city is besieged by the Prussians. 1871 > Paris surrenders in March, but the Prussians withdraw after just three days. In the aftermath, workers rise up and proclaim the Paris Commune. It is speedily and bloodily suppressed by French troops. 1874 > The ﬁrst Impressionist exhibition is held in photographer Nadar’s studio to mixed critical response. 1889 > The all-new Eiffel Tower steals the show at the Exposition Universelle, or “great exhibition”. 191 C H R O N O L O G Y elections, sending shock waves through the city. Consequently, some 800,000 people pack the boulevards in the biggest demonstration since 1968. In the second round run-off Chirac is elected, winning 90 percent of the vote in Paris. 2002 > Mayor Bertrand Delanoë launches Paris’s new image by turning three kilometres of riverbank expressway into a summer beach: “Paris Plage” is an immense success. 2003 > Following Chirac’s spat with George W. Bush over Iraq, US tourists temporarily vanish from the capital. In the summer, temperatures soar above an unprecedented 40 degrees C (104 degrees F). 2005 > In late October, disaffected youths riot in the impoverished Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. Right-wing interior minister, Nicolas Sarkozy, declares a state of emergency. 2007 > As Nicolas Sarkozy becomes President, Mayor Delanoë continues his greening of Paris: bus and cycle lanes appear everywhere, as do the Vélib’ rental bikes. 2009 > Paris contemplates its future with an exhibition of architectural visions for the green mega-city of the future. It will incorporate its often-neglected suburbs, and is dubbed “Le Grand Paris”. 2011 > Building on the success of the city’s bike rental scheme, Autolib’ is launched: around 3000 electric cars are made available to rent from 1000 locations in Paris. 1942 > Parisian Jews are rounded up – by other Frenchmen – and shipped off to Auschwitz. 1944 > Liberation arrives on August 25, with General de Gaulle motoring up the Champs-Elysées to the roar of a vast crowd. 1961 > As France’s brutal repres- sion of its Algerian colony reaches its peak, at least two hundred Algerians are murdered by police during a civil rights demonstration. 1968 > In May, left-wing students occupying university buildings are supported by millions of striking and marching workers. 1969 > President de Gaulle loses a referendum, and retires to his country house. 1973 > Paris’s ﬁrst skyscraper, the Tour Montparnasse, tops out at 56 hideous storeys. The périphérique ring road is completed in April. 1981 > Socialist François Mit- terand becomes president but Paris remains ﬁrmly right wing, under Mayor Jacques Chirac. 1998 > In July, a multiracial French team wins the World Cup at the new Stade de France, in the suburb of St-Denis. 2001 > Unassuming Socialist candidate, Bertrand Delanoë, is elected Mayor of Paris in March. 2002 > Parisians ﬁnd themselves paying a little extra for their coffees and baguettes with the introduction of the euro, on January 1. 2002 > Far Right candidate Jean- Marie Le Pen makes it through the ﬁrst round of the presidential 192 F R E N C H instances ll is like the y in “yes” when preceded by the letter “i”, w is v, and r is growled (or rolled). Words and phrases BASICS Yes Oui No Non Please S’il vous plaît Thank you Merci Excuse me Pardon/excusez-moi Sorry Pardon/Je m’excuse Hello Bonjour Hello (phone) Allô Goodbye Au revoir Good morning/ Bonjour afternoon Good evening Bonsoir Good night Bonne nuit How are you? Comment allez- vous?/Ça va? Fine, thanks Très bien, merci I don’t know Je ne sais pas Do you speak Vous parlez English? anglais? How do you say Comment ça se …in French? dit…en français? What’s your Comment vous name? appelez-vous? My name is… Je m’appelle… I’m English/ Je suis anglais(e)/ Irish/ irlandais(e)/ Scottish/ écossais(e)/ Welsh/ gallois(e)/ American/ américain(e)/ OK/agreed D’accord I understand Je comprends I don’t understand Je ne comprends pas Can you speak S’il vous plaît, more slowly? parlez moins vite Today Aujourd’hui Yesterday Hier Tomorrow Demain In the morning Le matin In the afternoon L’après-midi In the evening Le soir Now Maintenant Later Plus tard French Paris isn’t the easiest place to learn French: many Parisians speak a hurried slang and will often reply to your carefully enunciated question in English. Despite this, it’s worth making the effort, and knowing a few essentials can make all the difference. Even just saying “Bonjour monsieur/ madame” will usually secure you a smile and helpful service. What follows is a rundown of essential words and phrases. For more detail, get French: A Rough Guide Dictionary Phrasebook, which has an extensive vocabulary, a detailed menu reader and useful dialogues. Pronunciation Vowels are the hardest sounds to get right. Roughly: a as in hat e as in get é between get and gate è between get and gut eu like the u in hurt i as in machine o as in hot o/au as in over ou as in food u as in a pursed-lip, clipped version of toot More awkward are the combinations in/im, en/em, on/om, un/um at the end of words, or followed by consonants other than n or m. Again, roughly: in/im like the “an” in anxious an/am, en/em like “on” said with a nasal accent on/om like “on” said by someone with a heavy cold un/um like the “u” in understand Consonants are much as in English, except that ch is always sh, h is silent, th is the same as t, in some 193 F R E N C H A ticket to… Un billet pour… Single ticket Aller simple Return ticket Aller retour Where are you Vous allez où? going? I’m going to… Je vais à… I want to get Je voudrais off at… descendre à… Near Près/pas loin Far Loin Left À gauche Right À droite ACCOMMODATION A room for one/ Une chambre pour two people une/deux personnes With a double bed Avec un grand lit A room with a Une chambre avec shower douche A room with a bath Une chambre avec salle de bains For one/two/ Pour une/deux/trois three nights nuit(s) With a view Avec vue Key Clef To iron Repasser Do laundry Faire la lessive Sheets Draps Blankets Couvertures Quiet Calme Noisy Bruyant Hot water Eau chaude Cold water Eau froide Is breakfast Est-ce que le petit included? déjeuner est compris? I would like Je voudrais prendre breakfast le petit déjeuner I don’t want Je ne veux pas le breakfast petit déjeuner Youth hostel Auberge de jeunesse EATING OUT I’d like to reserve Je voudrais réserver …a table …une table …for two people …pour deux personnes at eight thirty à vingt heures et demie Here Ici There Là This one Ceci That one Cela Open Ouvert Closed Fermé Big Grand Small Petit More Plus Less Moins A little Un peu A lot Beaucoup Half La moitié Inexpensive Bon marché/ Pas cher Expensive Cher Good Bon Bad Mauvais Hot Chaud Cold Froid With Avec Without Sans QUESTIONS Where? Où? How? Comment? How many Combien? How much is it? C’est combien? When? Quand? Why? Pourquoi? At what time? À quelle heure? What is/Which is? Quel est? GETTING AROUND Which way is it S’il vous plaît, pour to the Eiffel aller à la Tour Tower? Eiffel? Where is the Où est le métro le nearest métro? plus proche? Bus Bus Bus stop Arrêt Train Train Boat Bâteau Plane Avion Railway station Gare Platform Quai What time does Il part à quelle it leave? heure? What time does Il arrive à quelle it arrive? heure? 194 F R E N C H 100 cent 101 cent un 200 deux cents 1000 mille 2000 deux mille 1,000,000 un million Menu reader ESSENTIALS déjeuner lunch dîner dinner menu set menu carte menu à la carte individually priced dishes entrées starters les plats main courses pain bread beurre butter fromage cheese oeufs eggs lait milk poivre pepper sel salt sucre sugar fourchette fork couteau knife cuillère spoon bio organic à la vapeur steamed au four baked cru raw frit fried fumé smoked grillé grilled rôti roast salé salted/savoury sucré sweet à emporter takeaway DRINKS eau minérale mineral water eau gazeuse ﬁzzy water eau plate still water carte des vins wine list une pression a glass of beer un café coffee (espresso) un crème white coffee bouteille bottle I’m having the Je prendrai le menu €30 menu à trente euros Waiter! Monsieur/madame! (never “garçon”) The bill, please L’addition, s’il vous plaît DAYS Monday Lundi Tuesday Mardi Wednesday Mercredi Thursday Jeudi Friday Vendredi Saturday Samedi Sunday Dimanche NUMBERS 1 un 2 deux 3 trois 4 quatre 5 cinq 6 six 7 sept 8 huit 9 neuf 10 dix 11 onze 12 douze 13 treize 14 quatorze 15 quinze 16 seize 17 dix-sept 18 dix-huit 19 dix-neuf 20 vingt 21 vingt-et-un 22 vingt-deux 30 trente 40 quarante 50 cinquante 60 soixante 70 soixante-dix 75 soixante-quinze 80 quatre-vingts 90 quatre-vingt-dix 95 quatre-vingt- quinze 195 F R E N C H verre glass un quart/demi a quarter/half-litre de rouge/blanc of red/white house wine un (verre de) a glass of red/ rouge/blanc white wine SNACKS crêpe pancake (sweet) un sandwich/ sandwich une baguette croque grilled cheese and -monsieur ham sandwich omelette omelette nature plain aux ﬁnes with herbs herbes au fromage with cheese assiette anglaise plate of cold meats crudités raw vegetables with dressings FISH (POISSON) AND SEAFOOD (FRUITS DE MER) anchois anchovies brème bream brochet pike cabillaud cod carrelet plaice colin hake coquilles scallops st-jacques crabe crab crevettes shrimps/prawns daurade sea bream ﬂétan halibut friture whitebait hareng herring homard lobster huîtres oysters langoustines crayﬁsh (scampi) limande lemon sole lotte de mer monkﬁsh loup de mer sea bass maquereau mackerel merlan whiting morue dried, salted cod moules mussels (with (marinière) shallots in white wine sauce) raie skate rouget red mullet saumon salmon sole sole thon tuna truite trout turbot turbot FISH: DISHES AND RELATED TERMS aïoli garlic mayonnaise served with salt cod and other ﬁsh béarnaise sauce made with egg yolks, white wine, shallots and vinegar beignets fritters la douzaine a dozen frit fried fumé smoked fumet ﬁsh stock gigot de mer large ﬁsh baked whole grillé grilled hollandaise egg yolk and butter sauce à la meunière in a butter, lemon and parsley sauce mousse/mousseline mousse quenelles light dumplings MEAT (VIANDE) AND POULTRY (VOLAILLE) agneau lamb andouillette tripe sausage bavette beef ﬂank steak bœuf beef bifteck steak boudin noir black pudding caille quail canard duck contreﬁlet sirloin roast dinde turkey entrecôte ribsteak faux ﬁlet sirloin steak foie liver foie gras fattened (duck/ goose) liver 196 F R E N C H bœuf bourguignon beef stew with red wine, onions and mushrooms canard à l’orange roast duck with an orange-and-wine sauce carré best end of neck, chop or cutlet cassoulet a casserole of beans and meat choucroute garnie sauerkraut served with sausages or cured ham civet game stew conﬁt meat preserve coq au vin chicken with wine, onions and mushrooms, cooked till it falls off the bone côte chop, cutlet or rib cou neck cuisse thigh or leg en croûte in pastry epaule shoulder daube all are types of estouffade, stew hochepot, navarin and ragoût farci stuffed au feu de bois cooked over wood ﬁre au four baked garni with vegetables gésier gizzard grillé grilled magret de canard duck breast marmite casserole médaillon round piece mijoté stewed pavé thick slice rôti roast sauté lightly cooked in butter steak au poivre steak in a black (vert/rouge) (green/red) peppercorn sauce steak tartare raw chopped beef, topped with a raw egg yolk gigot (d’agneau) leg (of lamb) grillade grilled meat hachis chopped meat or mince hamburger jambon ham lapin, lapereau rabbit, young rabbit lard, lardons bacon, diced bacon merguez spicy red sausage oie goose onglet cut of beef porc pork poulet chicken poussin baby chicken rognons kidneys tête de veau calf's head (in jelly) veau veal venaison venison STEAKS bleu almost raw saignant rare à point medium bien cuit well done GARNISHES AND SAUCES beurre blanc sauce of white wine and shallots, with butter chasseur white wine, mushrooms and shallots forestière with bacon and mushroom fricassée rich, creamy sauce mornay cheese sauce pays d’auge cream and cider piquante gherkins or capers, vinegar and shallots provençale tomatoes, garlic, olive oil and herbs MEAT AND POULTRY: DISHES AND RELATED TERMS aile wing blanquette de veau veal in cream and mushroom sauce 197 F R E N C H VEGETABLES (LÉGUMES), HERBS (HERBES) AND SPICES (ÉPICES) ail garlic artichaut artichoke asperges asparagus basilic basil betterave beetroot carotte carrot céleri celery champignons mushrooms chou (rouge) (red) cabbage chou-ﬂeur cauliﬂower concombre cucumber cornichon gherkin échalotes shallots endive chicory épinards spinach estragon tarragon fenouil fennel ﬂageolets white beans gingembre ginger haricots beans verts string (french) rouges kidney beurres butter lentilles lentils maïs corn (maize) moutarde mustard oignon onion pâtes pasta persil parsley petits pois peas pois chiche chickpeas poireau leek poivron sweet pepper (vert, rouge) (green, red) pommes de terre potatoes primeurs spring vegetables riz rice safran saffron salade verte green salad tomate tomato truffes trufﬂes FRUITS (FRUITS) AND NUTS (NOIX) abricot apricot amandes almonds ananas pineapple banane banana brugnon, nectarine nectarine cacahouète peanut cassis blackcurrants cerises cherries citron lemon citron vert lime ﬁgues ﬁgs fraises strawberries framboises raspberries groseilles redcurrants and gooseberries mangue mango marrons chestnuts melon melon noisette hazelnut noix nuts orange orange pamplemousse grapefruit pêche peach pistache pistachio poire pear pomme apple prune plum pruneau prune raisins grapes DESSERTS (DESSERTS OR ENTREMETS) AND PASTRIES (PÂTISSERIE) bavarois refers to the mould, could be mousse or custard brioche sweet, high-yeast breakfast roll coupe a serving of ice cream crème chantilly vanilla-ﬂavoured and sweetened whipped cream crème pâtissière thick eggy pastry- ﬁlling fromage blanc cream cheese glace ice cream parfait frozen mousse, sometimes ice cream petits fours bite-sized cakes/ pastries tarte tart 198 S M A L L P R I N T PUBLISHING INFORMATION This ﬁrst edition published January 2011 by Rough Guides Ltd 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL 11, Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110017, India Distributed by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL Penguin Group (USA) 375 Hudson Street, NY 10014, USA Penguin Group (Australia) 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Group (NZ) 67 Apollo Drive, Mairangi Bay, Auckland 1310, New Zealand This paperback edition published in Canada in 2010. Rough Guides is represented in Canada by Tourmaline Editions Inc., 662 King Street West, Suite 304, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 1M7 Typeset in Minion and Din to an original design by Henry Iles and Dan May. Printed and bound in Singapore © Rough Guides 2011 Maps © Rough Guides No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in reviews. 208pp includes index A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-84836-237-6 The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all the information in Pocket Rough Guide Paris, however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss, injury, or inconvenience sustained by any traveller as a result of information or advice contained in the guide. 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 ROUGH GUIDES CREDITS Text editor: Lara Kavanagh Layout: Nikhil Agarwal Cartography: Ed Wright, Simonetta Giori Picture editor: Nicole Newman Photographers: James McConnachie, Lydia Evans Production: Rebecca Short Proofreader: Susanne Hillen Cover design: Nicole Newman, Daniel May, Mark Thomas THE AUTHORS James McConnachie is also author of the Rough Guide to The Loire, and he has travelled all over Europe and beyond for Rough Guides. His non-travel books include Conspiracy Theories (Rough Guides), Sex (Rough Guides) and The Book of Love: A Biography of the Kamasutra (Atlantic Books). Ruth Blackmore is co-author of the Rough Guide to Paris and a contributor to the Rough Guide to France and the Rough Guide to Classical Music. 199 S M A L L P R I N T HELP US UPDATE We’ve gone to a lot of effort to ensure that the ﬁrst edition of Pocket Rough Guide Paris is accurate and up-to-date. However, things change – places get “discovered”, opening hours are notoriously ﬁckle, restaurants and rooms raise prices or lower standards. If you feel we’ve got it wrong or left something out, we’d like to know, and if you can remember the address, the price, the hours, the phone number, so much the better. Please send your comments with the subject line “Pocket Rough Guide Paris Update” to [email protected]. We’ll credit all contributions and send a copy of the next edition (or any other Rough Guide if you prefer) for the very best emails. Find more travel information, connect with fellow travellers and book your trip on Wwww .roughguides.com PHOTO CREDITS All images © Rough Guides except the following: Front cover Art Nouveau métro sign, Latin Quarter © Robin MacDougall/Getty Back cover View of Paris from the Arc de Triomphe © John Harper/Corbis p.2 Louvre Museum at night © Photolibrary p.5 Jardin du Luxembourg © Sonnet Sylvain/ Photolibrary p.6 Seine and Eiffel Tower © J Pratt/ Photolibrary p.9 Fountain and obelisk in place de la Concorde © Factoria Singular/iStock p.12 Sidewalk café in Jardin du Luxembourg © Bertrand Rieger/Corbis p.15 Pont Neuf © Eleanor Farmer p.15 Panthéon © Neilerua/iStock p.19 Salle Arpège © Aurore Deligny/Courtesy of L’Arpège p.19 Dôme du Marais © Courtesy of Dôme du Marais p.25 Point Ephémère © Courtesy of Point Ephémère p.26 Notre-Dame with cherry blossoms © Bertrand Gardel/Corbis p.27 The Eiffel Tower on Bastille Day © Arnaud Chicurel/Corbis p.27 Paris Plage © John Kellerman/Alamy p.27 Nuit Blanche © Directphoto.org/Alamy p.27 Ice skating at the Hôtel de Ville © Robert Armstrong/Photolibrary p.28 Disneyland Paris © Michel Viard/ Photolibrary p.33 Place de l’Hôtel de Ville and Vélib bikes © Sonnet Sylvain/Photolibrary p.33 Les Trois Baudets © Courtesy of Les Trois Baudets p.36 Pont Neuf at night © Chad Ehlers/ Photolibrary p.39 Notre-Dame cathedral © Lillis photo graphy/iStock p.47 The Grand Palais © Matthew Dixon/iStock p.64 Salle Arpège © Aurore Deligny/Courtesy of L’Arpège p.75 Drouant © Eleanor Farmer p.79 Pompidou Centre © Ian Cumming/Axiom p.85 Musée Picasso © Sonnet Sylvain/ Photolibrary p.90 Maison de Victor Hugo © Eleanor Farmer p.94 Ambassade d’Auvergne © Eleanor Farmer p.95 Dôme du Marais © Courtesy of Dôme du Marais p.131 WAGG © Courtesy of WAGG p.152 Bois de Boulogne © Isatis/iStock p.158 Garden at Versailles © Isatis/iStock p.160 Sunset at Versailles and Neptune fountain © Anton-Marlot/iStock p.161 The Marble Court at Palace of Versailles © Terraxplorer/iStock p.163 Teacup ride at Disneyland Paris © Mohammed Ansar/Photolibrary 200 I N D E X A Abbesses ....................23, 142 accommodation ........ 164–175 African market ................. 148 allée des Cygnes .............. 136 American Church ................ 59 Arc de Triomphe.................. 47 arrondissements ............. 184 Arts Décoratifs, Les (Museum) ...................... 45 Atelier Brancusi .................. 80 Auteuil ............................. 156 B banks............................... 184 bars 10, Le ..............................131 A la Cloche des Halles....... 83 Andy Wahloo ..................... 96 Au Clair de la Lune ...........151 Bar des Ferrailleurs ..........110 Bar Hemingway ................. 76 Café Charbon ...................110 Café Noir, Le ..................... 76 Café Tournesol .................141 Cannibale, Le ...................110 Carré, Le ........................... 96 Chez Camille ....................151 Chez Georges ...................131 Costes .............................. 53 Delaville café .................... 76 Echelle de Jacob, L’ ..........131 Etages St-Germain, Les ....131 Fanfaron, Le .....................110 Flèche d’Or, La .................110 Folie en Tête, La ...............141 Fourmi, La .......................151 Fumoir, Le ......................... 76 Georges ............................ 83 Kong ................................. 83 Lizard Lounge, The ............ 96 Marcheurs de Planète, Les ..............................110 Merle Moqueur, Le ...........141 Mini Palais........................ 53 Mixer, Le ........................... 97 Pause Café ......................108 Perle, La ........................... 97 Pershing Lounge ............... 53 Petit Fer à Cheval, Le ........ 97 Petit Marcel, Le ................ 83 Piano Vache, Le................121 Raidd ................................ 97 Rubis, Le .......................... 76 SanzSans .........................111 Tartine, La......................... 97 Taverne Henri IV ................ 41 Violon Dingue, Le .............121 bars (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...110 Beaubourg and Les Halles.... 83 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ....................... 52 Grands Boulevards and passages ...................... 76 Islands ............................. 41 Marais .............................. 96 Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................150 Montparnasse and southern paris ...........................141 Quartier Latin ...................121 St-Germain ......................131 Bastille .............................. 98 Bastille .........................100 Bastille Day.................27, 188 Batobus ........................... 183 Beaubourg.......................... 80 Beaubourg and Les Halles ........................ 80 Beauvais airport ............... 179 Belleville ......................... 106 Bercy Village .................... 101 Bibliothèque Nationale de France .......................... 138 Bibliothèque Nationale Richelieu ....................... 71 bike rental ..................33, 182 boat trips ......................... 183 Bois de Boulogne.........54, 152 Bois de Boulogne and western Paris .............155 Bois de Vincennes .............. 99 bouquinistes .................... 112 bus tours ....................11, 180 buses ........................180, 182 Butte Montmartre ............. 142 Butte-aux-Cailles ............. 137 Butte-aux-Cailles ..........137 C cafés A Priori Thé ....................... 73 Arbre à Cannelle, L’ ........... 73 As du Fallafel, L’ ............... 96 Bar du Marché .................129 Baron Rouge, Le ...............108 Café Beaubourg ................ 82 Café Carlu ........................ 64 Café Charbon ...................110 Café Charlot ..................... 96 Café de Flore ...................129 Café de l’Industrie............108 Café de la Mairie ..............129 Café de la Mosquée .... 32, 119 Café de la Nouvelle Mairie .........................119 Café des Deux Moulins .....149 Café des Initiés, Le ........... 82 Café du Marché ................. 64 Café Mollien ..................... 45 Café Richelieu .................. 45 Chez Prune ......................108 Deux Magots, Les .............129 Ecritoire, L’ ......................119 Entrepôt, L’ ......................139 Fourmi Ailée, La ...............119 Ladurée ..................... 52, 129 Loir dans la Théière, Le ..... 96 Mariage Frères .................. 96 Musée Jacquemart-André .... 52 Palette, La .......................129 Pause Café ......................108 Petit Fer à Cheval, Le ........ 97 Reﬂet, Le .........................119 Select, Le ........................139 Verlet ............................... 73 cafés (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...........................108 Beaubourg and Les Halles.... 82 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ....................... 52 Eastern Paris ...................173 Eiffel Tower area ............... 64 Grands Boulevards and passages ...................... 73 Louvre .............................. 45 Marais .............................. 96 Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................149 Montparnasse and southern paris ...........................139 Quartier Latin ...................119 St-Germain ......................129 Canal St-Martin................ 102 catacombs ....................... 134 Champs de Mars................. 59 Champs-Elysées ................. 46 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ................48–49 chanson .......... 25, 33, 77, 151 Chapelle-Ste-Ursule ......... 116 Charles de Gaulle airport ... 178 Château de Versailles ....... 158 Château de Vincennes ...... 101 children ....................... 28–29 Chinatown ........................ 137 Index Maps are marked in bold. 201 I N D E X Cinéaqua ............................ 56 cinemas .............. 33, 101, 184 Cinémathèque Française ... 101 Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine ..................... 55 Cité de la Mode et du Design ......................... 137 Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie .................... 103 clubs Baron, Le .......................... 53 Batofar ...................... 25, 141 Dame de Canton, La .........141 Nouveau Casino, Le .... 25, 111 Paris Paris, Le ................... 76 Rex Club ........................... 77 Scène Bastille, La ............111 Showcase ......................... 53 Social Club ....................... 77 Tango, Le .......................... 97 Wagg ...............................131 clubs (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...........................111 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ....................... 52 Grands Boulevards and passages ...................... 76 Marais .............................. 97 Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................151 Montparnasse and southern Paris ...........................141 St-Germain ......................131 Conciergerie ....................... 38 crime ............................... 184 Crypte Archéologique .......... 40 cycling ........................33, 182 D Défense, La ...................... 156 Diana, Princess .................. 59 disabilities, travellers with ............................. 184 Disneyland Paris .... 28, 162–163 Dôme, Eglise du ................. 62 drinking ... 7, 24, see also bars driving ............................. 183 E Eastern Paris .................... 102 Eastern Paris .................104 eating ..............7, 18, see also cafés and restaurants Egouts, Les ........................ 59 Eiffel Tower ...............8, 14, 54 Eiffel Tower area ........56–57 embassies and consulates ................... 185 emergencies..................... 185 Eurostar ........................... 179 Excursions .....................159 F festivals ........................... 188 ﬂea markets .............139, 149 Fondation Cartier .............. 134 Fondation Henri Cartier- Bresson ....................... 135 Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la Création ................... 154 Fontaine des Innocents ....... 81 free attractions .................. 11 French language ............... 192 G Galerie Véro-Dodat ............. 70 Galerie Vivienne.............. 9, 70 galleries, private ................ 93 Gare du Nord .................... 179 Gare Routière ................... 179 gares SNCF ...................... 179 gay and lesbian Paris ........ 84, 96–97, 185 gay pride .......................... 188 Géode Omnimax ................. 29 Grand Palais ....................... 47 Grande Arche de la Défense ....................... 156 Grande Galerie de l’Evolution .................... 117 Grands Boulevards.............. 66 Grands Boulevards and passages ...............68–69 H hammams ............. 21, 89, 117 health .............................. 185 history of Paris ......... 189–191 Holocaust Memorial ........... 90 hostels .................... 174–175 BVJ Louvre .......................174 BVJ Paris Quartier Latin ...175 D’Artagnan .......................174 Fauconnier, Le..................175 Fourcy, Le ........................175 Jules Ferry .......................175 Maubuisson .....................175 Oops ................................175 St Christopher’s Paris .......175 Village Hostel, Le .............175 Woodstock Hostel ............175 Young and Happy Hostel ...175 hotels ...................... 166–174 Best Western Premier l’Hôtel Pergolèse .........167 Caulaincourt Square .........174 Degrés de Notre Dame, Les ..............................171 Familia Hôtel ...................171 Général Hôtel, Le .............170 Grand Hôtel des Balcons .... 172 Grand Hôtel Jeanne d’Arc ... 169 Hôtel Amour.....................173 Hôtel Beaumarchais .........170 Hôtel Bonséjour Montmartre .................173 Hôtel Brighton .................167 Hôtel Caron de Beaumarchais..............169 Hôtel Central Marais ........169 Hôtel Chopin ....................168 Hôtel de l’Université .........172 Hôtel de la Bretonnerie ....169 Hôtel de la Loire ..............172 Hôtel de la Porte Dorée ....170 Hôtel de la Trémoille ........167 Hôtel de Lutèce ................166 Hôtel de Nesle .................172 Hôtel de Nevers ...............170 Hôtel de Nice ...................169 Hôtel des Arts ..................173 Hôtel des Grandes Ecoles .........................171 Hôtel des Maronniers .......172 Hôtel du Bourg-Tibourg ....168 Hôtel du Champs de Mars ...........................167 Hôtel du Commerce ..........171 Hôtel du Glôbe .................172 Hôtel du Palais Bourbon ...167 Hôtel du Petit Moulin .......169 Hôtel Eldorado .................174 Hôtel Ermitage .................174 Hôtel Esmeralda ..............171 Hôtel Henri IV ..................166 Hôtel Lancaster ...............167 Hôtel Langlois..................174 Hôtel Le Bristol ................167 Hôtel Mansart ..................168 Hôtel Marais Bastille........170 Hôtel Marignan ................171 Hôtel Michelet-Odéon ......172 Hôtel Mistral....................172 Hôtel Pavillon de la Reine ...................................169 Hôtel Port-Royal ..............173 Hôtel Printemps ...............173 Hôtel Résidence Henri IV .... 171 Hôtel Saint Dominique......167 Hôtel Saint Louis Bastille ... 171 Hôtel St-Louis Marais ......169 Hôtel Saint-Merry ............168 Hôtel Thérèse ..................168 Hôtel Tolbiac ....................173 Hôtel Vivienne ..................168 Mama Shelter ..................170 Nouvel Hôtel ....................170 Quartier Bercy Square, Le ... 170 202 I N D E X Relais Christine ...............172 Relais du Louvre ..............168 Relais St Honoré ..............168 Relais Saint-Sulpice ........172 Résidence les Gobelins ....173 Select Hôtel .....................171 Solar Hôtel ......................173 Style Hôtel .......................174 hotels (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...........................170 Beaubourg and les Halles .........................168 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ......................167 Eiffel Tower area ..............167 Grands Boulevards and passages .....................168 Islands ............................166 Marais .............................168 Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................173 Montparnasse and southern Paris ...........................172 Quartier Latin ...................171 St-Germain ......................172 Hôtel de Sully .................... 90 Hôtel de Ville ..................... 91 Hôtel Soubise ..................... 85 Huchette quarter .............. 112 I ice-skating ........................ 27 Ile de la Cité............. 8, 37–41 Ile St-Louis ........................ 40 information ...................... 187 Institut du Monde Arabe ... 117 internet access ................ 185 Invalides, Hôtel des ............ 60 Islands ......................... 36–41 Islands ......................38–39 itineraries ...................... 8–11 J Jardin Atlantique .............. 132 Jardin d’Acclimatation ...29, 153 Jardin des Plantes .......29, 117 Jardin des Tuileries ...9, 21, 30 Jardin du Luxembourg ... 8, 29, 31, 127 Jardin du Palais Royal ........ 31 jazz ..................... 83, 121, 151 Jeu de Paume .................... 50 Jewish quarter ................... 89 K kids’ Paris .................... 28–29 Kilomètre Zéro .................... 40 L Lady with the Unicorn....21, 113 language .......................... 192 Latin Quarter .................... 112 Le 104 .............................. 102 Les Halles .......................... 80 live music Attirail, L’ .......................... 97 Au Lapin Agile ..................151 Au Limonaire ................ 25, 77 Café de la Danse ..............111 Caveau des Oubliettes ......121 Cigale, La ........................151 Divan du Monde, Le ..........151 Duc des Lombards, Le ....... 83 Madeleine, Eglise de la ..... 77 New Morning ...................151 Opéra Bastille ..................111 Opéra Garnier .................... 77 Point Ephémère.......... 25, 111 Sainte-Chapelle ................ 41 Sunset & Le Sunside, Le .... 83 Trois Baudets, Les ...... 33, 151 live music (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...111 Beaubourg and Les Halles .......................... 83 Grands Boulevards and passages ...................... 76 Islands ............................. 41 Marais .............................. 97 Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................151 Quartier Latin ...................121 St-Germain ......................135 listings magazines............ 187 Louvre .....................10, 42–45 Louvre ............................ 44 Luxembourg Gardens ........ see Jardin du Luxembourg M Madeleine .......................... 68 Maison de Balzac ............. 154 Maison de Victor Hugo... 11, 90 Maison Européenne de la Photographie .................. 90 Marais ............................... 84 Marais .......................86–87 Marché Dejean ................. 148 markets .... 33, 98, 139, 148, 149 Mémorial de la Déportation ...40 Mémorial de la Shoah ......... 90 Ménilmontant................... 106 menu reader ..................... 194 métro ............................... 181 Mobilis passes ................. 181 Montmartre ...................... 142 Montmartre and northern Paris ................. 144–145 Montmartre cemetery ....... 147 Montmartre vineyard ........ 147 Montparnasse .................. 132 Montparnasse ................134 Montparnasse cemetery ... 135 Mosque .......................32, 117 Moulin de la Galette ......... 146 Moulin Rouge ................... 147 museums and galleries Arts Décoratifs, Les ........... 45 Atelier Brancusi ................ 80 Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine ................... 55 Cité de la Mode et du Design .........................137 Cité des Enfants ...............103 Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie ...................103 Fondation Cartier pour l’Art Contemporain ..............134 Fondation Henri Cartier- Bresson .......................135 Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la Création ..................154 Grande Galerie de l’Evolution ...................117 Hôtel de Sully ................... 90 Institut du Monde Arabe ...117 Jeu de Paume ................... 50 Louvre ................... 10, 42–45 Maison de Balzac .............154 Maison de Victor Hugo ....11, 90 Maison Européenne de la Photographie ................ 90 Musée Bourdelle ..............133 Musée Carnavalet .............11, 17, 88 Musée Cognacq-Jay .......... 88 Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme ..................... 84 Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris ........... 10, 58 Musée d’Orsay ............. 8, 123 Musée de l’Armée ............. 61 Musée de l’Erotisme.........143 Musée de la Marine ........... 56 Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris ........................ 58 Musée de la Musique .......105 Musée de la Vie Romantique .................148 Musée de Montmartre ......146 Musée Delacroix ..............126 Musée des Plans-Reliefs ... 61 Musée du Luxembourg .....127 Musée du Montparnasse ...133 Musée du Quai Branly ....... 60 Musée Grévin .................... 67 Musée Guimet .............. 17, 57 Musée Jacquemart-André ......................... 10, 17, 48 Musée Maillol ..................127 203 I N D E X Musée Marmottan ............156 Musée Moreau ........... 16, 148 Musée National d’Art Moderne ....................... 79 Musée National du Moyen Age ....................... 17, 113 Musée Picasso .................. 85 Musée Rodin ................ 10, 62 Musée Zadkine .................133 Orangerie .......................... 50 Site de Création Contemporaine ........ 10, 58 museum passes ............... 186 music ....see live music or clubs N Napoleon’s Tomb ................ 62 night buses ...................... 182 nightlife ...........7, 24, see also clubs Notre-Dame ..............8, 15, 38 Nuit Blanche ...............27, 188 O opening hours .................. 186 Opéra Garnier ..................... 67 Orangerie ........................... 50 Orly airport ....................... 178 P Palais de Chaillot ............... 55 Palais de Tokyo .................. 58 Palais Royal ..............9, 31, 69 Panthéon ....................15, 116 Parc André-Citroën ........... 136 Parc de Bagatelle ............. 153 Parc de Bercy ................... 101 Parc de la Villette ........29, 102 Parc des Buttes-Chaumont ...106 Parc Floral ......................... 99 Paris Plage..................27, 188 Paris Rive Gauche ............. 137 Paris Visite Pass .............. 181 parking ............................ 183 passage Choiseul ............... 70 passage des Panoramas ..... 70 passage du Grand-Cerf ....... 71 passage Jouffroy ................ 71 passage Verdeau ................ 71 passages............................ 70 passes ............................. 181 Père-Lachaise cemetery ... 105 Petit Palais .................. 11, 48 Pigalle ............................. 147 place d’Aligre market.......... 98 place Dauphine .................. 37 place de l’Alma................... 59 place de la Bastille............. 98 place de la Concorde ...... 9, 50 place de Passy ................. 154 place des Abbesses .......... 142 place des Vosges .....11, 31, 89 place du Tertre ................. 143 place Emile-Goudeau ........ 143 place St-Michel ................ 112 place Vendôme ................... 67 Pompidou Centre ............ 9, 78 Pont des Arts ............... 8, 122 Pont Neuf ..................8, 15, 36 post ofﬁces ...................... 186 Promenade Plantée ...... 31, 98 public holidays ................. 188 Puces de St-Ouen ............. 149 Puces de Vanves .............. 139 Q Quartier Latin ................... 112 Quartier Latin ........ 114–115 R racism ............................. 187 Raspail organic market ...............................33, 128 RATP ................................ 180 restaurants A la Biche au Bois ............108 Allard ..............................130 Ambassade d’Auvergne ...... 94 Aquarius ..........................140 Arpège, L’ ..................... 19, 64 Atelier Maître Albert, L’.....120 Atlas, L’ ...........................130 Au “35” ...........................130 Au Bon Accueil .................. 64 Au Bourguignon du Marais ... 94 Au Chien Qui Fume ............ 82 Au Petit Tonneau ............... 65 Au Vieux Chêne ................109 Au Vin des Pyrenées .......... 95 Au Vin des Rues ...............141 Aux Lyonnais ................ 19, 75 Aux Marchés du Palais ...... 65 Bambou, Le ......................140 Bistrot des Victoires .......... 74 Bistrot Paul Bert ..............109 Brasserie Balzar ...............120 Brasserie de l’Ile St-Louis .... 41 Brasserie Lipp ..................130 Café Burq ........................150 Café du Commerce, Le .....140 Casa Olympe ....................150 Châteaubriand, Le ............109 Chez Casimir ....................150 Chez Denise ...................... 83 Chez Gladines ..................140 Chez Marianne .................. 84 Chez Nénesse ................... 94 Chez Omar ........................ 94 Cinq Saveurs d’Anada, Les ..............................120 Coupole, La ......................140 Degrés de Notre-Dame, Les ..............................120 Dénicheur, Le .................... 74 Dilan ................................ 74 Dôme du Marais, Le ..... 19, 95 Drouant ............................ 74 Ecurie, L’ ..........................120 Encrier, L’ .........................109 Ferrandaise ......................130 Flo...................................150 Fontaine de Mars, La ......... 64 Fontaines, Les ..................120 Gallopin ............................ 75 Gare, La ...........................157 Georges ............................ 83 Grand Véfour, Le ................ 75 Higuma ............................. 75 Jules Verne Pilier Sud, Le ................................ 64 Lapérouse .................. 20, 130 Mon Vieil Ami.................... 41 Os à Moëlle, L’ ........... 19, 140 P’tit Troquet, Le ................ 65 Pamphlet, Le .................... 95 Perraudin .........................121 Pho “67”..........................121 Polidor .............................131 Potager du Marais, Le ....... 95 Pré Verre, Le ....................121 Relais de l’Entrecôte, Le .... 52 Relais du Parc, Le ............157 Relais Gascon, Le .............150 Reminet, Le .....................121 Rouge Gorge, Le ................ 95 Saveurs de Flora, Les ........ 52 Table du Lancaster, La ....... 52 Table Lauriston, La ...........157 Taillevent .......................... 52 Tokyo Eat .......................... 65 Tour de Montlhéry, La ........ 83 Tourelle, La ......................131 Train Bleu, Le ............. 18, 109 Tricotin ............................141 Vaudeville, Le ................... 75 Waly Fay ..........................109 restaurants (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...........................108 Beaubourg and Les Halles.... 82 Bois de Boulogne and western Paris ..............157 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ....................... 52 Eiffel Tower area ............... 64 Grands Boulevards and passages ...................... 74 Islands ............................. 41 Marais .............................. 94 204 I N D E X Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................150 Montparnasse and southern Paris ...........................140 Quartier Latin ...................120 St-Germain ......................130 Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport.......................... 178 rue Cler .............................. 59 rue des Martyrs ....................7 rue des Rosiers .................. 89 rue Montorgueil ....................9 rue Mouffetard ................. 118 rue St-Honoré .................... 68 S Sacré-Coeur .......... 11, 15, 146 St-Etienne-du-Mont ......... 116 St-Eustache ....................... 81 St-Germain ...................... 122 St-Germain ............ 124–125 St-Germain-des-Prés .............................122, 126 St-Julien-le-Pauvre .......... 112 St-Paul-St-Gervais ............. 90 St-Pierre-de-Montmartre .................................... 143 St-Séverin ........................ 113 St-Sulpice ........................ 127 Sainte-Chapelle ............. 8, 37 Seine .............21, 36, 112, 136 sewers ............................... 59 shopping .................. 7, 22–23 shops Abbey Bookshop...............118 Agnès B ............................ 82 Anne Willi .................. 22, 107 Archives de la Presse ........ 92 Arnaud Delmontel ............149 Astier de Villatte ............... 72 Balenciaga ........................ 51 Barthélemy ......................128 Berthillon ......................... 41 Bon Marché, Le ................128 Cécile et Jeanne ..............107 Célis ................................. 92 Chanel .............................. 51 Colette ............................. 72 Comptoir des Ecritures ...... 82 Crocodisc.........................118 Crocojazz .........................118 Debauve & Gallais ............128 Dominique Picquier ........... 92 Epicerie, L' ........................ 41 Fauchon ............................ 72 FNAC Musique .................107 Galeries Lafayette ........ 23, 72 Gibert Jeune ....................118 Hédiard ............................. 72 Isabel Marant ............ 23, 107 Jean-Paul Gaultier ............ 51 Jean-Paul Hévin ................ 72 Joséphine Vannier ............. 92 Le 66 ................................ 51 Legrand ............................ 73 Librairie Ulysse ................. 41 Louis Vuitton..................... 51 Lulu Berlu ........................107 Mariage Frères ............. 92, 96 Mouton à Cinq Pattes, Le ... 128 No Good Store ..................149 Occaserie, L' ....................157 Papier Plus ....................... 92 Pascal le Glacier ..............157 Pâtisserie Stohrer ............. 82 Poilâne ............................128 Printemps ......................... 73 Puces de St-Ouen ............149 Puces de Vanves ..............139 Rendez-vous de la Nature ...118 Repetto ............................ 73 Résonances .....................107 Sabbia Rosa .....................128 Sacha Finkelsztajn ............ 92 Séphora ............................ 51 Shakespeare & Co ............118 Sonia/Sonia Rykiel ...........128 Spree ...............................149 Swildens ........................... 92 Vanessa Bruno .................129 Village Voice ....................129 Vincent Jalbert et Yves Andrieux ....................... 93 Zadig & Voltaire ...............129 shops (by area) Bastille and eastern Paris ...107 Beaubourg and Les Halles.... 82 Bois de Boulogne and western Paris ...........................157 Champs-Elysées and Tuileries ....................... 51 Grands Boulevards and passages ...................... 72 Islands ............................. 41 Marais .............................. 92 Montmartre and northern Paris ...........................149 Quartier Latin ...................118 St-Germain ......................128 Site de Création Contemporaine ......... 10, 58 Soldats, Eglise des ............. 61 Sorbonne ......................... 116 Southern Paris ................. 136 Southern Paris ....... 138–139 square du Vert-Galant ........ 37 stamps ............................ 186 steam rooms ......... 21, 89, 117 T taxis ................................ 182 telephones ....................... 187 time difference ................. 187 tipping ............................. 187 Tour Montparnasse ........... 132 tourist ofﬁces................... 187 train stations ................... 179 trams ............................... 182 Tuileries ...........see Jardin des Tuileries V Vélib free bike scheme ...... 33, 182 Versailles ......................... 158 Viaduc des Arts .................. 99 Villa La Roche .................. 154 Vincennes, Bois de ............. 99 Vincennes, Château de ..... 101 W waxworks ........................... 67 weather.......................... 6, 27 Z Zoo ..................... 99, 117, 153 www.roughguides.com MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR TIME ON EARTH ™ 4MLMUUCTCRMJBWMS ?@MSRRFCRFGLEQLMRRM KGQQRFC@CQRNJ?ACQRM QR?WRFCRMNPCQR?SP?LRQ RFCJGTCJGCQR@?PQ?LBRFC KMQRQNCAR?ASJ?PQGEFRQ GRMLJWQCCKQD?GPRM RCJJWMS?@MSRRFC@CQR RP?TCJGLQSP?LAC?PMSLB 3&$0..&/%&%#:306()(6*%&4 www.roughguides.com MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR TIME ON EARTH ™ GET PACKING Book and plan your next adventure at www.roughguides.com. 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"Which poet wanted to be in England ""now that April's there""?"	Poets Graves\|Poets & Poetry Forum 1812-1889 Robert Browning is buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, London, England. His memorial stone is made from Italian marble and porphyry. Burial Stone of Robert Browning Photograph by Mike Reed Browning grew up in Camberwell in south-east London. He was educated at home where he had access to his father's extensive library. At an early age he was inspired by the work of romantic poets such as Byron, Keats and Shelley. In 1828 he began a course at London University but abandoned it in his second term. In 1845 he began corresponding with Elizabeth Barrett after reading and enjoying some of her poems. Due to opposition from Elizabeth's father the couple eventually married in secret and then eloped to Italy in 1846. There they had a son together - Robert Wiedmann Barrett Browning - who was known by the nickname 'Pen'. Although quintessentially a Victorian poet, Browning's work was hugely influential in heralding in modernism . In particular, his dramatic monologues such as My Last Duchess and Bishop Blougram's Apology provided inspiration for the work of both T.S.Eliot and Ezra Pound . Robert Browning After his wife's death in 1861 Browning returned to England and continued to write poetry. Browning died in Venice in 1889 and it was his wish to be buried alongside his wife in the English Cemetery in Florence however, by that stage, the city authorities had prohibited any new burials. Browning never achieved the commercial success of Tennyson . However, in his old age he was a hugely respected literary figure. He received an honorary degree from Oxford University and in 1881 The Browning Society was founded. His best known collections include The Ring and the Book (1868-69) and Men and Women (1855). His last collection of poems Asolando was published on the day of his death. Oh, to be in England Now that April's there, And whoever wakes in England Sees, some morning, unaware, That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf, While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough In England - now!	Robert Browning
Excluding Russia, which country is the largest in Europe by area?	Home Thoughts, From Abroad - Poem by Robert Browning Home Thoughts, From Abroad by Robert Browning Oh, to be in England Now that April's there, And whoever wakes in England Sees, some morning, unaware, That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf, While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough In England—now! And after April, when May follows, And the whitethroat builds, and all the swallows! Hark, where my blossomed pear-tree in the hedge Leans to the field and scatters on the clover Blossoms and dewdrops—at the bent spray's edge— That's the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over, Lest you should think he never could recapture The first fine careless rapture! And though the fields look rough with hoary dew, All will be gay when noontide wakes anew The buttercups, the little children's dower —Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!	i don't know
By what name is Allen Konigsberg better known?	Allen Konigsberg is better know as... Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Allen Konigsberg So who is Allen Konigsberg? Well, Allen Konigsberg is no other than the American Woody Allen who was born on , 1935, under the name Allen Konigsberg, but later changed his name to Woody Allen, a name by which we all know him today. © 2007-2016 Capital Of. All rights reserved. You are here: Allen Konigsberg	Woody Allen
The Britannia Monument, correctly called the Norfolk Pillar, in Great Yarmouth is a memorial to who?	Allen Stewart Konigsberg - definition of Allen Stewart Konigsberg by The Free Dictionary Allen Stewart Konigsberg - definition of Allen Stewart Konigsberg by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Allen+Stewart+Konigsberg Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Related to Allen Stewart Konigsberg: Woody Allen ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Woody Allen References in periodicals archive ? Friends found it hard to believe that Woody Allen was being serious - he had been writing material like this since he was 15, when he was still Allen Stewart Konigsberg and dreamed of being the next Bob Hope. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.	i don't know
'Stephen Blackpool', a mill worker, is a character in which novel by Charles Dickens?	SparkNotes: Hard Times: Analysis of Major Characters Analysis of Major Characters Themes, Motifs & Symbols Thomas Gradgrind Thomas Gradgrind is the first character we meet in Hard Times, and one of the central figures through whom Dickens weaves a web of intricately connected plotlines and characters. Dickens introduces us to this character with a description of his most central feature: his mechanized, monotone attitude and appearance. The opening scene in the novel describes Mr. Gradgrind’s speech to a group of young students, and it is appropriate that Gradgrind physically embodies the dry, hard facts that he crams into his students’ heads. The narrator calls attention to Gradgrind’s “square coat, square legs, square shoulders,” all of which suggest Gradgrind’s unrelenting rigidity. In the first few chapters of the novel, Mr. Gradgrind expounds his philosophy of calculating, rational self-interest. He believes that human nature can be governed by completely rational rules, and he is “ready to weigh and measure any parcel of human nature, and tell you what it comes to.” This philosophy has brought Mr. Gradgrind much financial and social success. He has made his fortune as a hardware merchant, a trade that, appropriately, deals in hard, material reality. Later, he becomes a Member of Parliament, a position that allows him to indulge his interest in tabulating data about the people of England. Although he is not a factory owner, Mr. Gradgrind evinces the spirit of the Industrial Revolution insofar as he treats people like machines that can be reduced to a number of scientific principles. While the narrator’s tone toward him is initially mocking and ironic, Gradgrind undergoes a significant change in the course of the novel, thereby earning the narrator’s sympathy. When Louisa confesses that she feels something important is missing in her life and that she is desperately unhappy with her marriage, Gradgrind begins to realize that his system of education may not be perfect. This intuition is confirmed when he learns that Tom has robbed Bounderby’s bank. Faced with these failures of his system, Gradgrind admits, “The ground on which I stand has ceased to be solid under my feet.” His children’s problems teach him to feel love and sorrow, and Gradgrind becomes a wiser and humbler man, ultimately “making his facts and figures subservient to Faith, Hope and Charity.” Louisa Gradgrind Although Louisa is the novel’s principal female character, she is distinctive from the novel’s other women, particularly her foils, Sissy and Rachael. While these other two embody the Victorian ideal of femininity—sensitivity, compassion, and gentleness—Louisa’s education has prevented her from developing such traits. Instead, Louisa is silent, cold, and seemingly unfeeling. However, Dickens may not be implying that Louisa is really unfeeling, but rather that she simply does not know how to recognize and express her emotions. For instance, when her father tries to convince her that it would be rational for her to marry Bounderby, Louisa looks out of the window at the factory chimneys and observes: “There seems to be nothing there but languid and monotonous smoke. Yet when the night comes, Fire bursts out.” Unable to convey the tumultuous feelings that lie beneath her own languid and monotonous exterior, Louisa can only state a fact about her surroundings. Yet this fact, by analogy, also describes the emotions repressed within her. Even though she does not conform to the Victorian ideals of femininity, Louisa does her best to be a model daughter, wife, and sister. Her decision to return to her father’s house rather than elope with Harthouse demonstrates that while she may be unfeeling, she does not lack virtue. Indeed, Louisa, though unemotional, still has the ability to recognize goodness and distinguish between right and wrong, even when it does not fall within the strict rubric of her father’s teachings. While at first Louisa lacks the ability to understand and function within the gray matter of emotions, she can at least recognize that they exist and are more powerful than her father or Bounderby believe, even without any factual basis. Moreover, under Sissy’s guidance, Louisa shows great promise in learning to express her feelings. Similarly, through her acquaintance with Rachael and Stephen, Louisa learns to respond charitably to suffering and to not view suffering simply as a temporary state that is easily overcome by effort, as her father and Bounderby do. Josiah Bounderby Although he is Mr. Gradgrind’s best friend, Josiah Bounderby is more interested in money and power than in facts. Indeed, he is himself a fiction, or a fraud. Bounderby’s inflated sense of pride is illustrated by his oft-repeated declaration, “I am Josiah Bounderby of Coketown.” This statement generally prefaces the story of Bounderby’s childhood poverty and suffering, a story designed to impress its listeners with a sense of the young Josiah Bounderby’s determination and self-discipline. However, Dickens explodes the myth of the self-made man when Bounderby’s mother, Mrs. Pegler, reveals that her son had a decent, loving childhood and a good education, and that he was not abandoned, after all. Bounderby’s attitude represents the social changes created by industrialization and capitalism. Whereas birth or bloodline formerly determined the social hierarchy, in an industrialized, capitalist society, wealth determines who holds the most power. Thus, Bounderby takes great delight in the fact that Mrs. Sparsit, an aristocrat who has fallen on hard times, has become his servant, while his own ambition has enabled him to rise from humble beginnings to become the wealthy owner of a factory and a bank. However, in depicting Bounderby, the capitalist, as a coarse, vain, self-interested hypocrite, Dickens implies that Bounderby uses his wealth and power irresponsibly, contributing to the muddled relations between rich and poor, especially in his treatment of Stephen after the Hands cast Stephen out to form a union. Stephen Blackpool Stephen Blackpool is introduced after we have met the Gradgrind family and Bounderby, and Blackpool provides a stark contrast to these earlier characters. One of the Hands in Bounderby’s factory, Stephen lives a life of drudgery and poverty. In spite of the hardships of his daily toil, Stephen strives to maintain his honesty, integrity, faith, and compassion. Stephen is an important character not only because his poverty and virtue contrast with Bounderby’s wealth and self-interest, but also because he finds himself in the midst of a labor dispute that illustrates the strained relations between rich and poor. Stephen is the only Hand who refuses to join a workers’ union: he believes that striking is not the best way to improve relations between factory owners and employees, and he also wants to earn an honest living. As a result, he is cast out of the workers’ group. However, he also refuses to spy on his fellow workers for Bounderby, who consequently sends him away. Both groups, rich and poor, respond in the same self-interested, backstabbing way. As Rachael explains, Stephen ends up with the “masters against him on one hand, the men against him on the other, he only wantin’ to work hard in peace, and do what he felt right.” Through Stephen, Dickens suggests that industrialization threatens to compromise both the employee’s and employer’s moral integrity, thereby creating a social muddle to which there is no easy solution. Through his efforts to resist the moral corruption on all sides, Stephen becomes a martyr, or Christ figure, ultimately dying for Tom’s crime. When he falls into a mine shaft on his way back to Coketown to clear his name of the charge of robbing Bounderby’s bank, Stephen comforts himself by gazing at a particularly bright star that seems to shine on him in his “pain and trouble.” This star not only represents the ideals of virtue for which Stephen strives, but also the happiness and tranquility that is lacking in his troubled life. Moreover, his ability to find comfort in the star illustrates the importance of imagination, which enables him to escape the cold, hard facts of his miserable existence. More Help	Hard Times
In Greek myth Prometheus was punished by an eagle eating which part of his body every day, which then grew back every night?	Charles Dickens’ Hard Times: Industrialization, Women, Utilitarianism \| Online Homework Help \| SchoolWorkHelper Charles Dickens’ Hard Times: Industrialization, Women, Utilitarianism You are here: PDF CHARACTERS Thomas Gradgrind – local teacher and politician, tries hard to exert Utilitarianism and force it on everybody around him Mr. Choakumchild – teacher, teaches children facts and only facts Mr. Josiah Bounderby – rich businessman, banker and salesman, owner of the factory, He has no moral or regard for human suffering, he exploits and humiliates the factory workers Louisa – Mr. Gradgrind’s daughter, her father raised her on facts, married to Bounderby Cecilia (Sissy) Jupe – daughter of a circus performer, adopted by Mr. Gradgrind, represents the balance between fact and fancy, her story has a happy ending Tom (the Whelp) Gradgrind – Mr. Gradgrind’s son and Louisa’s brother, egoistic and immature, has problems with debt and gambling, ends up alone and away from home Stephen Blackpool – one of the factory workers, he is fair, good and honest, has an alcoholic wife, falsely accused for robbery, ends tragically Mrs. Sparsit – Bounderby’s landlady, used to be very rich, she’s a spy James (Jem) Harthouse – represents fading aristocracy, bored with life, finds Louisa enigmatic and seduces her Bitzer – a product of fact school, only self-interest is important to him INDUSTRIALIZATION In Hard Times Dickens sharply criticizes the poor living conditions of the working class in industrial towns. He depicts life in a fictive industrial town Coketown as a symbol for a typical industrial town in Northern England of that time. It is a place full of exploitation, desperation and oppression. Soot and ash is all over the town; it is a dirty and suffocating place. The workers have low wages and work long hours. The work begins before sunrise, the production is important and there is no regard for the rights and suffering of the low class. Children in school are taught according to Utilitarianism philosophy – they should accept and live according to facts and facts alone, they are not allowed to fantasize or think for themselves. In Coketown, machines cause great pollution. The industrial workers have no chance of progress in life. The upper-middle class ignores their misery (Bounderby) and denies imagination and creativity (Gradgrind). Utilitarianism exerts mechanization of society and human mind. The character of Sissy Jupe represents the personification of fact vs. fancy conflict, she tries hard to learn facts, but is unable to, she freely thinks and imagines. She is the most stable character because she succeeds to find balance between the two. Dickens points out the flaws and limitation of the newly created industrial society and the necessity of social reform. WOMEN This novel is deeply conservative in its concept of women. The Victorians believed that women embodied the traits of compassion, moral purity and sensitivity; they idealized the redemptive powers of femininity, so in Hard Times we have the female angelic types – Sissy and Rachael. Sissy is innocent and has the desire to serve because of her belief in humanity. She’s compassionate and tender-hearted, she brings salvation from facts. Because of her goodness she is rewarded with a happy life. Rachael is hard-working, compassionate, morally pure and sensitive. She is a nursemaid to Stephen’s hateful wife; she improves the lives of those around her. Then, there is Louisa. Gradgrind removes the burden of ideal femininity of his daughter but outside her family she’s unable to fulfill the idealized role of mother and wife. Her emotions are dormant and hidden until they burst out in the end, but she gets lost because she doesn’t know how to deal with her emotions. Louisa and Sissy point out the flaws of fact-philosophy. There is also a type of degraded woman embodied in Stephen’s wife. She is monstrous and barely human, has to be kept hidden. Women in this story often see things more clearly than men and remain strong and composed in crisis situation. UTILITARIANISM Utilitarianism is the philosophy that leaves nothing to imagination; everything is to be explained by the help of logic and facts. The goal of every individual should be to receive most pleasure out of life. Utilitarianism intercedes for utility, well-being and pleasure in life. From the beginning of the novel Dickens introduces us to the utilitarian way of thinking. Gradgrind and Bounderby are the most outstanding representatives of the utilitarian philosophy. Children are taught factual school from the early age (Louisa, Tom, Bitzer). Gradgrind thinks that only facts are important in every situation,e.g. for him love is not the major issue in marriage. Loiusa gets free of the fact school in the end, but cannot stand up to the world of fancy and imagination because she’s taught the opposite all the time. Tom commits every action out of self-interest. At the end of the story, when Loiusa comes desperate to her father, Mr. Gradgrind says that he never knew she was unhappy; he wasn’t able to identify his child’s emotions. Everything he believed in is shattered, but he wants to make it up to Loiusa. The whole system falls apart when Gradgrind loses confidence in it. On the other side, Bounderby keeps a firm belief in the system, so in the beginning and in the end he’s in the same situation (a bachelor), his character doesn’t go through personal development. He represents the ideology of facts, but himself lives in an illusion of a self-made man. Sissy accepts the situation she found herself in, but never accepts the factual world, she keeps her inner value, she is the mediator between two worlds (fact and fancy). Stephen is the opposite from ideology of facts – he is genuine, driven by feelings and not spoiled by any political or ideological opinions. Stephen/Bounderby represent the ideologies, Sissy/Gradgrind hold them together. In Hard Times, Dickens is subjective and influences on the shaping of the reader’s opinion, he’s against the Utilitarian system, against the egoism and lack of imagination. Related posts:	i don't know
Murray Gold has been musical director for which TV series since it was revived in 2005?	Murray Gold \| Tardis \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Gold's most prominent work for the DWU has likely been new arrangements of the " Doctor Who theme ". He has arranged multiple different versions of the theme for broadcast (including three distinct opening theme arrangements, plus another version that was only used in trailers and promotions in 2005) and several more for live performance. Gold has therefore created more official arrangements of the theme than any other Doctor Who franchise composer. He has also written seven songs for the series: " Song For Ten " ( The Christmas Invasion ), " Love Don't Roam " ( The Runaway Bride ), " My Angel Put the Devil in Me " ( Daleks in Manhattan ), " The Stowaway " ( Voyage of the Damned ), " Song of Freedom " ( Planet of the Ood and Journey's End )," Vale Decem " ( The End of Time ) and " Abigail's Song (Silence Is All You Know) " ( A Christmas Carol ). Murray Gold also appeared, in a cameo role, as a guitarist in Voyage of the Damned . ( DWMSE 20 ) He was interviewed about his DW music by "Sound On Sound" magazine in the June 2007 issue. (See [1] ) Gold stayed on as house composer for the 2010 season of Doctor Who and created a third major rearrangement of the theme tune, bringing in a short new melody at the beginning of the theme. The televised version has had the bassline lowered dramatically so as to make the intro's lightning effects audible, which has prompted complaints to the BBC.[ source needed ] He also contributed to the charity reference book Behind the Sofa: Celebrity Memories of Doctor Who . Soundtrack releases Additionally, two soundtracks for spin-off series Torchwood have been released since 2008, with Murray Gold working alongside fellow Torchwood composer, Ben Foster , on the initial release . Spin-offs Edit Gold has written the theme for both Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures , as well as Torchwood Declassified and Sarah Jane's Alien Files which featured re-arrangements of the themes of their parent series. Although two Torchwood CDs have been released, none have been released for SJA as of 2011. He has not been heavily involved in the incidental music scores for the spin-offs. With the exception of a few early episodes in the first series of Torchwood, he has mostly only scored the parent programme. However, he was the main composer for Torchwood: Miracle Day . Relationship with RTD Gold has enjoyed a long working relationship with Russell T Davies and has in scored virtually all of RTD's productions since 1999, including Queer as Folk , The Second Coming with Christopher Eccleston and Lesley Sharp , and Casanova with David Tennant , Shaun Parkes and Nina Sosanya . Other work Edit Despite a close relationship with RTD, Gold is far from "RTD's composer". He has gained notoriety on a variety of non-RTD projects. For instance, he started work on the TV series Shameless at about the same time as Doctor Who, and has been scoring both series for the same amount of time. In the early 2000s, his theme music for Clocking Off — a show that featured the talents of actors Christopher Eccleston , Lesley Sharp and Sarah Lancashire , and director Geoffrey Sax — was RTS-nominated. More recently, he was the composer on David Tennant 's Single Father mini-series and of the Suranne Jones / Lesley Sharp police procedural, Scott & Bailey .	Doctor Who
In the 'Star Wars' films, who was the twin sister of 'Luke Skywalker'?	Murray Gold (I) - News NEWS Synopsis: Betrayed by his own people, the Doctor returns to Gallifrey to exact revenge. Verdict: Appearances can be deceiving. If anyone saw the trailer for Hell Bent at the end of last week’s episode, it wouldn’t be wrong to believe that the episode would be an explosive finale, focusing on our main character going rogue and conquering his own planet! Instead though, writer Steven Moffat cleverly cheats the audience, delivering a much-more personal and character driven finale. Still epic, but not in the ways we’ve been led to expect. If anything, the real satisfying element of Hell Bent is just how much of a small, personal story it becomes, despite the big grandiose trappings it finds itself set in. Ultimately, it becomes a very simple story of the » - Matt Dennis Spoilers! Here's our review of Doctor Who series 9's finale, Hell Bent. This review contains spoilers. Our spoiler-free review is here. 9.12 Hell Bent "Get off my planet" Well, that's an hour of telly to put proverbial cats amongst proverbial pigeons. A Doctor Who finale that goes against the grain of the character of the Doctor himself for large parts. That brings back a character who died two episodes ago, and at one stage that left me wondering if Amy and/or Rory would walk through the door. I'd wager hard cash that the internet is noisily exploding, even as you read these very words. Good good. We've got a lot to talk about... "The man who won the Time War" After the turning of the screw and raising the momentum to a big finale last week in Heaven Sent , writer and showrunner Steven Moffat kicks off Hell Bent by slowing things down. » - simonbrew twitter google+ Spoilers! Here are our geeky spots and viewing notes on the Doctor Who series 9 finale, Hell Bent... With the Doctor finally returning to Gallifrey, there can’t have been many people thinking this episode would be light on callbacks, references and other interesting things, and Hell Bent delivered in spades. So it’s time for our viewing notes - as ever, leave your own in the comments below. Thanks to everyone who’s contributed to the comments across this run, and thanks in particular to The Doctor Who Transcripts Page and the Tardis Data Core - these articles are one part memory, two parts research, and those sites have proved invaluable. Now, for the last time this series... A Brief History Of Gallifrey Hell Bent forms the final part of a trilogy of sorts with 2013’s The Day Of The Doctor and The Time Of The Doctor, » - louisamellor twitter google+ Peter Capaldi and Jenna Coleman excel at The Doctor and Clara in Face The Raven. Lots of spoilers ahead... This review contains spoilers. Our spoiler-free review is here. 9.10 Face The Raven If the ongoing grumble this series of Doctor Who has been about Clara not really convincingly finding a place within it, Face The Raven doesn’t half give her a fitting farewell. I found Donna Noble’s departure close to heartbreaking, but what was particularly of note here, appreciating how few companions have been killed in the line of time-travelling duty, was that Clara ultimately knew it was coming. Is Clara dead for good? Who knows. Doctor Who certainly has form in bringing back deceased characters, and it's not as if there haven't been other versions of her dotting around. But right here, right now, Clara is dead. It’s no secret that Jenna Coleman has left the show. » - simonbrew 10 October 2015 4:36 PM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » We already know that the Twelfth Doctor isn't opposed to a guitar riff or two, but now Doctor Who 's very recognisable opening theme music has received a rock makeover of its own. Series composer Murray Gold put together the new arrangement for Saturday night's (October 10) episode 'Before the Flood', which saw Peter Capaldi 's Doctor lead into the opening credits with help from Beethoven 's Fifth Symphony. Doctor Who review: 'Before the Flood' is scary and smart The opening of 'Before the Flood' saw the Twelfth Doctor discussing the 'bootstrap paradox' ("Google it") using Ludwig van Beethoven as an example: a time traveller who loves Beethoven travels back in time to meet his hero, only to find out Beethoven doesn't exist. So the time traveller decides to write out Beethoven 's music and get it published. This begs the question: Who really wrote Beethoven 's music to begin with? » 10 October 2015 4:36 PM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » We already know that the Twelfth Doctor isn't opposed to a guitar riff or two but now Doctor Who 's very recognisable opening theme music has received a rock makeover of its own. Series composer Murray Gold put together the new arrangement for Saturday night's (October 10) episode 'Before The Flood', which saw Peter Capaldi 's Doctor lead into the opening credits with help from Beethoven's 5th symphony. Doctor Who review: Before the Flood is scary and smart The opening of 'Before the Flood' saw the Twelfth Doctor discussing the 'bootstrap paradox' ("Google it") using Ludwig van Beethoven as an example - a time traveller who loves Beethoven travels back in time to meet his hero, only to find out Beethoven doesn't exist so the time traveller decides to write out Beethoven 's music and get it published. This then begs the question: Who really wrote Beethoven 's music to begin with? » 3 October 2015 1:10 PM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » Three weeks into its latest run and, despite being filleted by critics for having its ratings trampled on by big rugby men, Doctor Who is ably demonstrating its power of enormous variety, jumping from a bonkers premiere to a bleak episode two, to - this week - a throughly traditional outing. The 'base under siege' plot - our heroes and a motley crew trapped in an enclosed space - has been a Doctor Who staple for decades. One series, back in 1967, even replicated the formula for all but one story. Since the show's resurgence, we've again seen countless examples of the type - 2005's 'Dalek', 2006's 'The Impossible Planet / The Satan Pit', 2011's 'The Rebel Flesh / The Almost People', and more. The latest script offering from Being Human creator Toby Whithouse , 'Under the Lake' also borrows the notion of an untranslatable language from 'The Impossible Planet / The Satan Pit', while » 3 September 2015 7:48 PM, PDT \| Kasterborous.com \| See recent Kasterborous news » Josh Maxton is a writer at Kasterborous Doctor Who News and Reviews - All the latest Doctor Who news and reviews with our weekly podKast, features and interviews, and a long-running forum. Raise your hand if you love Murray Gold ’s work! Okay… Well I can’t actually see your hands, but I’m sure many of you agree with me that Murray Gold is pretty fantastic. Our Murray Gold has been writing the show’s music since 2005. In fact, Murray Gold is so fantastic that it’s even difficult to... The post My Top 10 Doctor Who Revival Tracks appeared first on Kasterborous Doctor Who News and Reviews. » - Josh Maxton 19 August 2015 1:55 AM, PDT \| Kasterborous.com \| See recent Kasterborous news » Christian Cawley is a writer at Kasterborous Doctor Who News and Reviews - All the latest Doctor Who news and reviews with our weekly podKast, features and interviews, and a long-running forum. For the first time in the 36-year history of Doctor Who Magazine – an entire issue devoted to the music and sound design of Doctor Who ! From Delia Derbyshire ’s groundbreaking experiments in the Radiophonic Workshop, to the acclaimed performances of Murray Gold ’s orchestral scores at the Royal Albert Hall, The Music of Doctor Who explores... The post Dwm Special: The Music of Doctor Who is Out Now appeared first on Kasterborous Doctor Who News and Reviews. » - Christian Cawley 23 June 2015 3:21 PM, PDT \| Shadowlocked \| See recent Shadowlocked news » Growing up a band nerd in school, I get pretty excited about music. So when a new Doctor Who soundtrack is released, I get fairly giddy. Murray Gold has always found a way to musically enhance any of The Doctor's stories, like John Williams did with the Star Wars films. However, as much as it pains me to say it, the soundtrack for Series 8 left me feeling underwhelmed. Perhaps even a little disappointed. Where Gold once had stand out themes for characters, brilliant action numbers and heart tugging emotional suites, here we get three disks of little that makes for repeated listening. It's not that the music in and of itself isn't good. We do start the experience off with the newly revamped Main Theme, which sounds very similar to the version from the early eighties. From there we are given a pretty run of the mill musical landscape. Trilling violins, » 1 June 2015 7:21 AM, PDT \| Den of Geek \| See recent Den of Geek news » The Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular is a must-see tribute to the show's tremendous musical repertoire... Doctor Who has been around for over half a century, and a decade on from its triumphant return to TV, it's fair to say that it's never been more popular around the world. Events like the 2013 simulcast and special cinema screenings of The Day Of The Doctor will attest to this and it never seems like we're far off from another reminder of its regenerated global fandom. Following successful runs in Australia and New Zeleand, the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular arena show reiterated that case on its first UK tour last week, drawing crowds across the nation. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and members of the National Chorus of Wales went from Wembley to Glasgow over the course of seven dates, in celebration of composer Murray Gold 's spellbinding musical score for the series. » - louisamellor 25 May 2015 3:39 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » "It's been over a decade - and if you had asked me then if I'd be writing music in 10 years' time for Doctor Who , I'd probably have said no - but it keeps replenishing itself, and you never feel like you've done it right, you just want to do it better every time." Murray Gold 's unyielding passion for scoring Doctor Who is plain to hear when one listens to his decade's worth of work on the series - there's a determination and drive behind these pieces, a refusal to be staid or to rely on a standard bag of tricks. Gold's remarkable music is - no surprise - the biggest draw of the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular, a nationwide tour which comes to the UK following a stint in Australia and will travel to New York later in the year. 24 May 2015 9:28 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » Thousands of Doctor Who fans celebrated 50+ years of the classic sci-fi show by attending the Symphonic Spectacular show at Wembley Arena on Saturday (May 23). Former Doctor Peter Davison , who appeared on the show between 1981 and 1984 as the fifth incarnation of the character, presents the touring production, which travels to Cardiff, Birmingham, Leeds, Newcastle and Glasgow later this week. The Daleks, the Cybermen and the Silence were amongst the terrifying villains on display during the show, which features a score written by Murray Gold who has been composing music for the series over the last 10 years. Davison said "I'm very excited to be hosting the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular in the UK in 2015. Doctor Who fans are an extraordinary, wonderful bunch, who are very passionate about the series. "The Symphonic Spectacular has already proved to be a monster hit down under with thousands of fans packing into arenas across the southern » 19 May 2015 2:08 AM, PDT \| Den of Geek \| See recent Den of Geek news » Peter Davison will be hosting the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular, arriving at UK arenas next week. Here's all the info... If last year's scheduling is anything to go by, we can expect to see Peter Capaldi and Jenna Coleman back in the Tardis in late August, when Doctor Who returns to BBC One for its ninth series. If the long wait is getting you down, then the arrival of the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular in UK arenas next week will be music to your ears. The live arena show celebrates Murray Gold 's thrilling musical score for the series since 2005 and features over 100 performers including the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and members of the BBC National Chorus of Wales, conducted by Ben Foster . Following an acclaimed tour of Australia and New Zealand in 2014 and 2015, the first ever UK shows will feature a host of the Doctor's most famous adversaries, » - louisamellor 27 April 2015 4:01 PM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » It's been 35 years since Peter Davison signed on the dotted line to become Doctor Who 's then-youngest ever lead, at just 29 years old. In the years since he played the fifth incarnation of the Time Lord, Peter has remained very much part of the Doctor Who world - and next month, he'll be hosting a special concert tour celebrating the show's iconic soundtrack. Davison spoke to Digital Spy about fronting the 13-date Symphonic Spectacular, whether he'll ever play the Doctor on-screen again and if the rumours about a 'Five-ish Doctors Reboot' sequel are true. For fans who are unfamiliar, what can we expect from the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular? It's the music of Murray Gold , that he's written for the series - a fair part of it is the music he's written for Peter Capaldi 's series, but there's also music from earlier Doctors . It's a shift in focus - » 21 April 2015 8:22 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » YouTube stars PlayerPiano have debuted their very special version of the Doctor Who theme - with a grand piano in Tardis blue for a suitably grand performance. PlayerPiano is a collaboration between director Tom Grey and composer / pianist Sonya Belousova , putting a classical twist on beloved songs and soundtrack themes. " Doctor Who is one of those unique properties that has a fanbase spanning generations," Grey told Digital Spy. "I grew up watching Tom Baker 's fourth Doctor and, like everyone else, was reintroduced when the BBC began its new run in 2005. "From a visual standpoint, I was very interested in exploring that history with the 12 different Doctors and we felt we could do a great tribute to the entire series, not just modern Doctor Who ." Belousova added: "Plus, the main theme is incredibly iconic. It was an exciting experience to explore it in a new and original way." PlayerPiano have » 20 April 2015 10:57 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » Just how well do you know your Doctor Who characters? The BBC allows you to test your knowledge of Gallifrey in a special portrait that also pays tribute to the Beatles' landmark album Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. A specially-commissioned poster has been created to promote the upcoming 'Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular' tour, which kicks off on May 23 at The Sse Arena in Wembley. Replacing the Beatles and other pop culture icons like Fred Astaire , Marilyn Monroe and Shirley Temple on the mock-cover are some of The Doctor's greatest allies and enemies. Aside from fictional characters, the show's composer Murray Gold , conductor Ben Foster , members of the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and BBC National Chorus of Wales, and soprano Elin Manahan Thomas are also included. If you're stumped, here's the guide to the re-designed Sgt. Pepper cover below. 17 April 2015 7:56 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » Doctor Who will release a new soundtrack next month. The score from Peter Capaldi 's debut series will be available via Silva Screen Records on May 18. Murray Gold 's music from the eighth series and 2014 Christmas special ' Last Christmas ' will be split over three discs. The soundtrack will feature the Twelfth Doctor's theme ' A Good Man ?'. The first 5,000 copies of the CD will come with a bonus booklet featuring the 13 retro episode posters designed by Stuart Manning for Radio Times. Gold has composed all of the music for Doctor Who since its return to screens in 2005. Speaking to Digital Spy recently, Gold said that Doctor Who is still teaching him new things about music despite working on the show for ten years. Watch a preview of the live performance of ' A Good Man ?' at the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular below: » Thunderbirds Are Go ! has an action-packed launch, but its script and CG are far from top-notch. Will the revamp live up to its potential? This review contains spoilers. 1.1 Ring Of Fire Not only are the Thunderbirds gang back, they’ve also been appended with “are go!” - and boy, do they ever go. Sylvia and Gerry Anderson ’s much-loved show, celebrating its 50th anniversary this year, screeches and blasts its way on to the small screen and doesn’t hold up for 45 minutes or so. The puppets, and their charm it has to be said, may have been replaced by computer-generated characters, but the iconic ships and Tracy Island remain, for the most part, as beautiful standing-set models produced by Weta ( The Lord Of The Rings ). This first instalment, which sees two episodes aired together as one, neatly introduces to the International Rescue troupe. All the Tracy brothers remain, though » - louisamellor 31 March 2015 4:01 PM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - TV news news » A sell-out smash on its world premiere in Australia, the Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular is now heading to the UK, with a limited run of thirteen performances - hosted by Peter Davison - being held in London, Cardiff, Birmingham, Leeds, Newcastle and Glasgow. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and conductor Ben Foster will be on hand for this celebration of the anthemic music written by Murray Gold , the sci-fi show's composer since its revival in 2005. Gold spoke to Digital Spy about what to expect from the Symphonic Spectacular and his decade with Doctor Who . The best way of describing it is like a massive rock concert... The Doctor Who Symphonic Spectacular has been a big success in other parts of the world - what should fans in the UK expect? "150 people on the stage, gigantic video projections, full orchestra, full symphonic choir, and loads of monsters - the best »	i don't know
Which Australian state capital lies on a river of the same name?	Australian Cities, States and Territories - Tourism Australia Add Share Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. What are Australia's cities, states and territories? Mainland Australia is the world’s largest island but also the smallest continent. The country is divided into six states and two territories. Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) bounds the national capital of Canberra and is the centre of government. The Australian Capital Territory is located approximately 290 kilometres (180 miles) south of Sydney, and is home to a number of important national institutions, including Parliament House, the Australian War Memorial and the National Gallery of Australia. New South Wales New South Wales (NSW) is Australia’s oldest and most populous state. New South Wales was originally settled as a penal colony on the shores of Port Jackson where the bustling capital city of Sydney now stands. Sydney is the nation’s largest city and is renowned for its idyllic beaches, great walks and world-class dining. New South Wales is also home to popular attractions including the Blue Mountains and the Hunter Valley wine region. Northern Territory At the top end of Australia lies the Northern Territory (NT). Darwin , on the northern coast, is the capital, and Alice Springs is the principal inland town. Alice Springs is the physical heart of Australia, almost exactly at the nation's geographical centre. The Northern Territory is home to the famous Uluru (Ayers Rock), Kata Tjuta (the Olgas) and Kakadu National Park . Queensland Queensland (QLD) is Australia’s second-largest state (in size) and is home to the world famous Great Barrier Reef , the world’s most extensive subtropical rainforest and the beautiful Queensland Islands – including the World Heritage-listed Fraser Island . Brisbane is the state’s capital; it enjoys more winter sunshine and warmth than most Australian cities and is perfect for outdoor activities and water sports. South Australia South Australia (SA) sits in the southern central part of the country, and covers some of the most arid parts of the continent. The state’s capital is Adelaide and is a great base for exploring the Barossa wineries, the Flinders Ranges and Kangaroo Island . South Australia has a thriving arts scene and is known as the ‘Festival State’, with more than 500 events and festivals taking place there each year. Tasmania Tasmania (TAS) is separated from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait and is the smallest state in Australia. The capital, Hobart , was founded in 1804 as a penal colony, and is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. One-fifth of Tasmania is covered by national parks and wilderness – abundant in driving routes and walking trails – and it is one of the world’s most mountainous islands. Victoria Victoria (VIC) is the smallest of the mainland states in size but is home to the country’s second most populated city, Melbourne . Often referred to as the nation’s cultural capital, Melbourne is famed for its graffiti laneways, fashion-forward boutiques and booming café scene. Victorians' enthusiasm for sport is also legendary and this is where Australian Rules football began. The only thing more sacred than the footy is Melbournians love of coffee, and here you’ll find some of Australia’s best flat whites, cappuccinos and piccolo lattes. Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is Australia’s largest state and is a place of true contrasts: from desert in the east to 13,000 kilometres of pristine coastline on the west. The state’s capital is Perth ; the fourth most populous city in Australia and famed for its uncrowded beaches, parklands and fresh seafood. Off the coast of Esperance, in the state’s south, is Middle Island, which is home to the extraordinary pink-coloured Lake Hillier . Australia also administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Heard and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island and the Australian Antarctic Territory (covering 42 per cent of the Antarctic continent) as external territories. MORE ARTICLES LIKE THIS	Brisbane
Which ITV series, set in Africa, stars Hayley Mills and in 2009 also featured her sister Juliet?	Cities in Australia, Australia Cities Map Hobart Map Australia is divided into six states and two mainland territories. The states in Australia are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. Australia's mainland territories are the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Each of the states and territories is headquartered at its own capital city. The capital of Australia is Canberra, which is located in the Australian Capital Territory in southeastern Australia. Canberra has a population of about 367,000, making it the largest inland city in the country, but the eight largest city in all. Canberra covers an area of 814 square kilometers (314 square miles). The most populous city in Australia is Sydney, which is the capital of New South Wales. Sydney is home to about 4.6 million people, in an area of about 12,144 square kilometers (4,689 square miles). Sydney is a major cultural center of Australia, as the location of the Sydney Opera House, a thriving art scene, and cultural events and festivals. Melbourne, the capital of Victoria, is the second largest city in Australia with a population of about 4.1 million. The area of Melbourne is about 8,806 square kilometers (3,400 square miles), and it is called Garden City. Melbourne is often considered the cultural capital of Australia, with the headquarters of the country's film and television industry, and major sports and arts center. Brisbane is Queensland's capital, and the third largest city in Australia with a population of 2.1 million. Brisbane covers an area of 5,949 square kilometers (2,297 square miles) along the east coast of the continent. Perth is situated in Western Australia and is the largest city and capital of the state. Perth has a population of 1.8 million people living in its metropolitan area, which covers 5,386 square kilometers (2,079 square miles). The fifth largest city in Australia is Adelaide, the South Australian capital. Adelaide's population numbers about 1.2 million and an area of 1,827 square kilometers (705 square miles). Cairns in Queensland and Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory are other important cities in Australia. Some of the important Australian cities include:- ACOD~20130205	i don't know
Known as 'The Rochdale Cowboy', who wrote 'Napoleon's Retreat From Wigan'?	AllGates Wigan Junction AllGates Wigan Junction Also known as AllGates Napoleonï¿½s Retreat Commercial description Originally named Napoleonï¿½s Retreat after Mike Hardingï¿½s (the ï¿½Rochdale Cowboyï¿½) poem but renamed in 2015 this chestnut ale is brewed in the traditional NW style. It is an easy drinking full flavoured bitter, but well-rounded with some residual sweetness, with tastes of fruit and vanilla balanced with a resinous hop character. A very popular beer that deserves to be savoured! Proceed to the aliased beer... AllGates Napoleonï¿½s Retreat The brewer markets this same or near-same product by more than one names. This can be the result of a brewer distributing this beer under different names in different countries, or the brewer simply changing the name, but not the recipe at different points in time. About	Mike Harding
"Which chocolate biscuit bar was advertised with the slogan ""P-p-p-pick up a......""?"	Mike Harding One Man Show (1976) [TapeRip (mp3)] DW Staff Approved Torrent Downloads - download free torrents! Torrent description This torrent was uploaded from www.TheBox.bz (signup is open and free) - the home of all British TV DW Staff Approved http://thebox.bz/forums.php?action=viewtopic&topicid=19408 The Rochdale Cowboy Mike Harding is a comedian from the North of England, prevalent in the 70s/early 80s, with TV shows and audio albums, very much the Peter Kay of his day. He has a mix of cheeky humour/stand-up routines/songs and a love of folk music, and also wrote the theme song to Danger Mouse. This is ripped from an audio cassette (remember those?), as such the album is split into sides, not individual routines or songs, with 2 files per album, and 48kbps audio rate. For more info, check out the following; [url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harding[/url] 1976 One Man Show 30.8MB; 48kbps; 90 minutes total side 1 Unlucky Uncle Arthur, Irwell Delta Blues, The Crumpsall Cream Cracker, Corned Beef Kamikaze Cubs Go To Camp, Arnold My Frog, Jimmy Spoons, Beaky Knucklewart, Talkin' Blackpool Blues side 2 Top Of The Pops, King Cotton, The Wedding At 18 Clegg St., Polka Off/Polka On, My Dad The Weather Man, The Bogey Man, Napoleon's Retreat From Wigan, Down Our Street Other Mike Harding albums A Lancashire Lad (1972) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=86629[/url] Mrs 'Ardin's Kid (1975) [url]http://www.thebox.bz/details.php?id=86750[/url] Captain Parayltic & The Brown Ale Cowboy (1978) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=69935[/url] Komic Kuts (1979) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=70006[/url] Red Specs Album (1981) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=70007[/url] Take Your Fingers Off It (1982) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=70018[/url] Flat Dogs and Shaky Pudden (1983) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=70019[/url] Roll Over Cecil Sharpe (1985) [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=70024[/url] Foo Foo Shufflewick & Her Exotic Banana [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=70025[/url] Please note the user PubQuiz has uploaded the album Rooted on this site, too. Please check it out on [url]http://thebox.bz/details.php?id=64575[/url] =============================== Some of the other rather spiffing shows available now and always if you signup free @ www.TheBox.bz: Comedy: The Office, Peep Show, Coupling, Chef, Fawlty Towers, Only Fools and Horses, The IT Crowd, Brass Eye, Nathan Barley, Young Ones, Monty Python, Blackadder, Alan Partridge, Father Ted, Coupling, Little Britain, Mr Bean, Extras, Green Wing, Mighty Boosh Drama: Casualty, Holby City, The Bill, Hustle, Skins, Shameless, Ashes To Ashes Entertainment: Faking It, Derren Brown, Scrapheap Challenge, Strictly Come Dancing, Wife Swap Game/Quiz Shows: Whose Line Is It Anyway?, Have I Got News For You, Deal Or No Deal (UK), Q.I. Education/Documentary: Planet Earth, Horizon, Panorama, Mark Thomas (Comedy) Product Food: Hell's Kitchen, Jamie Oliver, The F Word, Kitchen Nightmares, Masterchef, Great British Menu, Gordon Ramsay's Cookalong Home/Property/Garden: Property Ladder, How Clean Is Your House?, Changing Rooms, Grand Designs, Homes Under The Hammer, To Buy Or Not To Buy Motoring: Top Gear, Fifth Gear Music: Top Of The Pops, Jools Holland, Glastonbury Reality: Big Brother, Celebrity Big Brother, I'm a Celebrity - Get Me Out of Here!, Any Dream Will Do, Grease, Pop Idol, Wife Swap, X Factor, Badger Or Bust, Apprentice UK, Dragons' Den, Britain's Got Talent Sci-Fi: Doctor Who, Red Dwarf, Torchwood, Primeval Sport: Football (Soccer), Cricket, Rugby, Snooker, Darts, Formula One (F1GP) Soaps: Eastenders, Coronation Street, Emmerdale, Neighbours, Hollyoaks Style/Fashion: What Not To Wear, Project Catwalk Kids: Teletubbies, Blue Peter, Tikkabilla, Andy Pandy, Postman Pat, Shoebox Zoo, Brum, Bob The Builder, Young Dracula, Sarah Jane Adventures, Shaun The Sheep related torrents	i don't know
Who won the Heptathlon Gold Medal at the 2010 European Athletics Championships?	Jessica Ennis wins European Championship gold in heptathlon \| Sport \| The Guardian Jessica Ennis wins European Championship gold in heptathlon • Ennis sets new personal best to take European title • Sheffield athlete just short of new British record Jessica Ennis celebrates winning gold in the heptathlon at the European Championships. Photograph: Ian Walton/Getty Images Press Association Saturday 31 July 2010 10.20 EDT First published on Saturday 31 July 2010 10.20 EDT Close This article is 6 years old Jessica Ennis has won the gold medal in the heptathlon to add the European title to the World Championship gold she achieved last year. The 24-year-old took a slender 18-point lead into the final event in Barcelona, the 800m, over Nataliya Dobrinksa of Ukraine. She led the first lap of the 800m before Dobrinska briefly overtook with 300m to go, but the Briton responded with a burst of speed to win the heat by over 10m and claim the gold in a personal best performance. She missed out on setting a new British record by just a few points. Ennis was 68 points clear of the Olympic champion Nataliya Dobrynska going into the javelin, the penultimate event, and produced a superb personal best of 46.71 metres with her first attempt. That improvement of 24cm on her previous best had her coach Toni Minichiello jumping out of his seat in the stands, but Dobrynska responded with a personal best of her own of 49.25m in the second round to set up a tense final in the 800m tonight. The good news for Ennis, the world champion, is that she has a personal best more than three seconds quicker than Dobrynska over two laps, and the 24-year-old from Sheffield will know exactly what she has to do to win the title. At the same stage of the World Championships in Berlin last year, Ennis had a 171-point lead over Poland's Kamila Chudzik, but won her heat of the 800m in two minutes 12.22sec, a time quicker than Dobrynska's personal best. Ennis had a 110-point lead into the second day of competition but in the long jump, although 24-year-old from Sheffield put in a consistent display with jumps of 6.28m, 6.41m and 6.43m, Dobrynska jumped 6.56m in the second round, just 7cm down on her personal best. "It's been a completely different experience this year. Having everyone pushing me all the way, close to my heels has been brilliant," Ennis said. "I had to raise my game at every level today and yesterday so to come out on top is unbelievable. "It would have been good to have broken the British record but before the 800 I just wanted to win. There's a lot of pressure and expectation but I'm so happy with myself how I dealt with it."	Jessica Ennis-Hill
Which future President was the inaugural Ambassador to the UK, called at the time, Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of St. James?	London 2012: Ennis accepts Olympic gold medal expectation - BBC Sport BBC Sport London 2012: Ennis accepts Olympic gold medal expectation 19 Jul 2012 Media playback is not supported on this device Jessica Ennis behind the scenes: Part 3 Britain's Jessica Ennis says she knows that if she does not win the heptathlon gold medal at London 2012 then the public will think she has failed. The 2009 world champion, who begins her event on 3 August, is the bookmakers' favourite to take Olympic gold. It's been such a huge build-up for all of us and I'm feeling ready to get on with it now Jessica Ennis British golden girl "Because of the expectation and pressure, I think anything but gold, everyone would view that as a failure and I'm aware of that," she said. "I'm going to go there and give it everything to see what I can do." Ennis faces a tough task against high class rivals who include world champion Tatyana Chernova and world indoor champion Nataliya Dobrynska. The 26-year-old says all she can do is "focus on what I know I can do and get the most out of every event". "If I give it absolutely everything and don't come away with the gold, then I did everything I could have done, but just wasn't the best person on the day," she added. Ennis is seen as the golden girl of British athletics and revealed the pressure does have an effect on her, but insisted it will not hamper her performance. She said: "I obviously get asked a lot about the pressure and how I'm feeling and of course I feel it. Ennis's medal collection 2011: Daegu World Championships - silver 2010: Barcelona European Championships - gold 2009: Berlin World Championships - gold 2006: Melbourne Commonwealth Games - bronze "There is a lot of expectation going into a home Games for anyone, but I'm just really focused on my training and how things have been going and realistically what I can achieve. "I think if I just focus on that, then hopefully I can go out there and perform well." Ennis, who won silver at last year's World Championships in Daegu, missed out on the 2008 Olympics in Beijing with a stress fracture in her right ankle. "I do think about that time when I missed out and how I felt, and it just makes me appreciate this moment even more and the position that I'm in," she admitted. "I'm happy to go [to the Games] in a really great time of my life so I'm just trying to make the most of it, enjoy it and do the best I can. I'm definitely ready for the competition to start now. "It's been such a huge build-up for all of us and I'm feeling ready to get on with it now. It's been a great year so far and I just want to put the icing on the cake when we get to London." Share this page	i don't know
What is the name of the National Anthem of Australia?	Australian National Anthem - YouTube Australian National Anthem Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 15, 2008 This is the Australian National Anthem with lyrics. Category	Advance Australia Fair
Which geographical feature completes '......... of Benin', ' Great Australian.....' and 'German......'?	Proposal to sing national anthem in unison on Australia Day - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Proposal to sing national anthem in unison on Australia Day Map: Canberra 2600 Australians are being encouraged to sing the national anthem together at noon on Australia Day as part of a new campaign. The National Australia Day Council (NADC) wants the nation to stop and join a swell of voices singing Advance Australia Fair. "In Sydney at the harbour it will happen with a great deal of pomp and ceremony on the new Navy vessel HMAS Canberra with a 21-gun salute," the council's chief executive Jeremy Lasek told 666 ABC Canberra. "While in the ACT the biggest event is a concert in Commonwealth Park where the national anthem will be played and sung with great passion and energy." The NADC dismissed concerns about some of the wording in the anthem, which was written in the late 1800s. Critics have suggested some of the lines are archaic and do not reflect current Australian ideas. "I think Australians generally love the anthem, it is not universally supported but I don't know of a song that is," Mr Lasek said. "It is our anthem and I think it is a great way to unite the nation on Australian Day. "We certainly encourage people to get involved and take that moment to think about Australia Day and what is great about being Australian and belt out our national anthem." The council hopes the idea will be adopted at ceremonies across the country, similar to the minute of silence held on Remembrance Day.	i don't know
Mount Vesuvius began to erupt most famously on August 24th in which year?	Vesuvius erupts - Aug 24, 79 - HISTORY.com Vesuvius erupts Publisher A+E Networks After centuries of dormancy, Mount Vesuvius erupts in southern Italy, devastating the prosperous Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum and killing thousands. The cities, buried under a thick layer of volcanic material and mud, were never rebuilt and largely forgotten in the course of history. In the 18th century, Pompeii and Herculaneum were rediscovered and excavated, providing an unprecedented archaeological record of the everyday life of an ancient civilization, startlingly preserved in sudden death. The ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum thrived near the base of Mount Vesuvius at the Bay of Naples. In the time of the early Roman Empire, 20,000 people lived in Pompeii, including merchants, manufacturers, and farmers who exploited the rich soil of the region with numerous vineyards and orchards. None suspected that the black fertile earth was the legacy of earlier eruptions of Mount Vesuvius. Herculaneum was a city of 5,000 and a favorite summer destination for rich Romans. Named for the mythic hero Hercules, Herculaneum housed opulent villas and grand Roman baths. Gambling artifacts found in Herculaneum and a brothel unearthed in Pompeii attest to the decadent nature of the cities. There were smaller resort communities in the area as well, such as the quiet little town of Stabiae. At noon on August 24, 79 A.D., this pleasure and prosperity came to an end when the peak of Mount Vesuvius exploded, propelling a 10-mile mushroom cloud of ash and pumice into the stratosphere. For the next 12 hours, volcanic ash and a hail of pumice stones up to 3 inches in diameter showered Pompeii, forcing the city’s occupants to flee in terror. Some 2,000 people stayed in Pompeii, holed up in cellars or stone structures, hoping to wait out the eruption. A westerly wind protected Herculaneum from the initial stage of the eruption, but then a giant cloud of hot ash and gas surged down the western flank of Vesuvius, engulfing the city and burning or asphyxiating all who remained. This lethal cloud was followed by a flood of volcanic mud and rock, burying the city. The people who remained in Pompeii were killed on the morning of August 25 when a cloud of toxic gas poured into the city, suffocating all that remained. A flow of rock and ash followed, collapsing roofs and walls and burying the dead. Much of what we know about the eruption comes from an account by Pliny the Younger, who was staying west along the Bay of Naples when Vesuvius exploded. In two letters to the historian Tacitus, he told of how “people covered their heads with pillows, the only defense against a shower of stones,” and of how “a dark and horrible cloud charged with combustible matter suddenly broke and set forth. Some bewailed their own fate. Others prayed to die.” Pliny, only 17 at the time, escaped the catastrophe and later became a noted Roman writer and administrator. His uncle, Pliny the Elder, was less lucky. Pliny the Elder, a celebrated naturalist, at the time of the eruption was the commander of the Roman fleet in the Bay of Naples. After Vesuvius exploded, he took his boats across the bay to Stabiae, to investigate the eruption and reassure terrified citizens. After going ashore, he was overcome by toxic gas and died. According to Pliny the Younger’s account, the eruption lasted 18 hours. Pompeii was buried under 14 to 17 feet of ash and pumice, and the nearby seacoast was drastically changed. Herculaneum was buried under more than 60 feet of mud and volcanic material. Some residents of Pompeii later returned to dig out their destroyed homes and salvage their valuables, but many treasures were left and then forgotten. In the 18th century, a well digger unearthed a marble statue on the site of Herculaneum. The local government excavated some other valuable art objects, but the project was abandoned. In 1748, a farmer found traces of Pompeii beneath his vineyard. Since then, excavations have gone on nearly without interruption until the present. In 1927, the Italian government resumed the excavation of Herculaneum, retrieving numerous art treasures, including bronze and marble statues and paintings. The remains of 2,000 men, women, and children were found at Pompeii. After perishing from asphyxiation, their bodies were covered with ash that hardened and preserved the outline of their bodies. Later, their bodies decomposed to skeletal remains, leaving a kind of plaster mold behind. Archaeologists who found these molds filled the hollows with plaster, revealing in grim detail the death pose of the victims of Vesuvius. The rest of the city is likewise frozen in time, and ordinary objects that tell the story of everyday life in Pompeii are as valuable to archaeologists as the great unearthed statues and frescoes. It was not until 1982 that the first human remains were found at Herculaneum, and these hundreds of skeletons bear ghastly burn marks that testifies to horrifying deaths. Today, Mount Vesuvius is the only active volcano on the European mainland. Its last eruption was in 1944 and its last major eruption was in 1631. Another eruption is expected in the near future, would could be devastating for the 700,000 people who live in the “death zones” around Vesuvius. Related Videos	79
Which company has supplied all of the balls for FIFA World Cup Finals since 1970?	Top 10 Facts About Mt. Vesuvius and Pompeii - Degreed Blog Top 10 Facts About Mt. Vesuvius and Pompeii + Degreed Mount Vesuvius is a volcano in southern Italy that sat dormant for centuries. That all changed on August 24, 79 AD, when a massive eruption destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, submerging them under layers of volcanic material and mud and killing thousands of people. Here are 10 facts about Mt. Vesuvius and the famous eruption. 1. Mt. Vesuvius is one of the world’s most dangerous volcanoes. The only active volcano in mainland Europe, Mt. Vesuvius is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. It is a complex stratovolcano, which is a highly scenic and highly deadly type of volcano. Stratovolcanos have gentle lower slopes, and then rise steeply toward the peak. Their eruptions are explosive and involve pyroclastic flows, which are fast-moving currents of fluidized rock and gases. Mt. Vesuvius is located on the western coast of Italy, making and cities and towns such as Naples highly vulnerable to destruction in an eruption. 2. Although the eruption caught people off guard, the signs had been coming for years. The people in Pompeii and Herculaneum were taken by complete surprise when the volcano erupted. However, the signs were there in the form of a series of earthquakes. In 63 AD, a massive earthquake shook the region, and damage from the earthquake was still being repaired when Mt. Vesuvius erupted 16 years later. 3. The eruption was catastrophic, lasting more than 24 hours. The eruption officially started on the morning of August 24, as molten rock and pumice began to be expelled from Mt. Vesuvius at a rate of 1.5 million tons per second. Copious amounts of rock and volcanic ash filled the atmosphere, turning day into night. It is estimated that about six inches of ash fell every hour. Around midnight the pyroclastic surges and flows started, and on the morning of the 25th, a toxic cloud of gas descended on Pompeii. 4. We know much of what happened from an eyewitness account. There is a detailed account of the eruption thanks to Pliny the Younger, who was a Roman administrator and poet. He watched the eruption from afar and questioned survivors, and then wrote of the event in letters to his friend Tacitus. Pliny’s letters, which are the only eyewitness accounts of the eruption, were discovered in the 16th century. 5. Thousands of people were buried alive. At that time, around 20,000 people — manufacturers, merchants, and farmers — lived in Pompeii, and another 5,000 lived in Herculaneum. The region was a popular summer tourist destination, and there were some smaller towns and resort areas as well. Many of the people who did not flee when the eruption started were buried alive by ash and other molten material. It is estimated that about 16,000 people died in the eruption. 6. There was no attempt to rebuild the cities. Normally after a natural disaster, cities are rebuilt, but not this time. Apparently the damage was so extensive and the effect of the tragedy so great that no attempts were made to reoccupy the area. Looters, however, did return to Pompeii, digging tunnels through the ash and debris and making away with many of the city’s riches. 7. Pompeii became frozen in time. Historians believe that Pompeii was buried under 14 to 17 feet of ash and pumice. In 1748 when explorers examined the site, they found that the volcanic ash had acted as a preservative, and many of the buildings and even the skeletons and remnants of city life were still intact. This city frozen in time has provided historians with a glimpse into what life was like in ancient Rome, and more than 1,000 casts have been made of recovered bodies that were preserved in the ash. The city of Herculaneum was less fortunate — it was buried under more than 60 feet of mud and other volcanic material. 8. The excavation of Pompeii influenced 18th-century neoclassicism. In the 18th century, it became popular for western art, theater, and architecture to draw on Ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration. Scholars believe that this movement, called neoclassicism, was heavily influenced by the excavation of Pompeii. 9. It had happened before. Though the Romans didn’t know it at the time, Mt. Vesuvius had erupted catastrophically at least twice before. More recent excavations suggest that a huge eruption occurred around 1800 BC, decimating large settlements in the area. 10. It could happen again. Mt. Vesuvius is still considered an active volcano. The most recent eruption occurred in 1944, and experts believe that a massive eruption could happen again soon, posing potential danger to the more than 2 million people who now live in the area.	i don't know
Derived from the Greek for 'work', what is the CGS unit of energy?	Erg (unit) - definition of Erg (unit) by The Free Dictionary Erg (unit) - definition of Erg (unit) by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Erg+(unit) (ûrg) n. The centimeter-gram-second unit of energy or work equal to the work done by a force of one dyne acting over a distance of one centimeter. [From Greek ergon, work; see werg- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] erg 2 n. An extensive area of desert covered with shifting sand dunes. [Colloquial Arabic (Maghrebi dialect) 'arq, 'arg, from Arabic 'irq, vein, small mountain, thin tract of sand extending along the ground (in reference to the veinlike appearance of the dunes); see ʕrq1 in the Appendix of Semitic roots.] erg (ɜːɡ) n (Units) the cgs unit of work or energy. 1 erg is equivalent to 10–7 joule [C19: from Greek ergon work] erg n, pl ergs or areg (Physical Geography) an area of shifting sand dunes in a desert, esp the Sahara [C19: from Arabic `irj] (Rowing) informal short for ergometer 2 erg (ɜrg) n. the centimeter-gram-second unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne when its point of application moves through a distance of one centimeter in the direction of the force; 10−7 joule. [1870–75; < Greek érgon work ] erg- var. of ergo- 1 before a vowel: ergodic. erg (ûrg) A unit used to measure energy or work, equal to the force of one dyne over a distance of one centimeter. This unit has been mostly replaced by the joule. erg 1. An area in a desert where there are shifting sand dunes, for example in the Sahara. 2. A unit of energy equal to the energy produced by a force of 1 dyne acting through a distance of 1 cm. Replaced in the inernational system by the joule (J): 1 erg = 10-7 J. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:	Erg (disambiguation)
What is the title of the novel by Ian McEwan set in February 2003 on the day of the demonstration against the invasion of Iraq?	Unit Systems in Electromagnetism Unit Systems in Electromagnetism A guide to the different approaches used to define measurement units in the physics of magnetism and electrostatics. Contents ↓ The laws of Ampère and Coulomb ↓ The approach taken by the CGS system ↓ The e.m.u. subsystem ↓ The approach taken by the SI ↓ The evolution of unit systems ↓ The ratio of the e.s.u. to the e.m.u. ↓ Dimensional calculations ↓ Using units and symbols ↓ A note on spelling About your browser: if this character '×' does not look like a multiplication sign, or you see lots of question marks '?' or symbols like ' ' or sequences like '&cannot;' then please accept my apologies . See also ... [ ↑ Producing wound components] [ ↑ The terminology of electromagnetism] [ → Air coils] [ ↓ Ampère's Law of Force] [ W A Dictionary of Units of Measurement] Multiple Systems Our methods of measurement define who we are and what we value. Ken Alder , The Measure of All Things Units are no longer taught extensively. Their bland and pedantic nature makes study of drying paint more exciting. However, you don't go far in magnetism before you encounter the problem of its unit systems. That's right: systems, plural. You can understand that the world has different unit systems for length or mass. One half talks of pounds, feet and inches while the other says grams, millimetres and metres * . Hundreds of millions of people find that the older 'imperial' or British system works for them (despite the occasional mishap ). They conclude it not to be worth effort and expense changing. Magnetism, you might think, would be different. It's only scientists and engineers who calculate it, and that it would be easy for them to concur about units. Having more than one set of units makes life hard for beginners in a subject which is difficult enough already. Sadly, scientists have spent at least sixty years disagreeing about the units for electromagnetism. Even were everyone to adopt the 'new' SI units the need for familiarity with the older CGS systems would remain in order to understand the large number of original works published in the latter. We'll spend a couple of paragraphs on the historical reasons for this schism because it also sheds light on the science. [ ↑ Top of page] The laws of Ampère and Coulomb The trouble starts with the definitions for the units of electric current and electric charge. Three simple, but fundamental, equations are crucial here. The first is Ampère's Force Law from which may be derived the electromechanical force, Fm, between two thin, parallel wires (see fig USA). The length of the wires, s, has to be much greater than their separation, a, and the wires must be thin in comparison with a. These conditions ensure that - The field produced by each wire decays at a rate proportional to 1 / a, and Field lines produced by wire 1 which intersect wire 2 do so at right angles both to wire 2 and a line joining 1 to 2 normally, and vice versa. If s > 15a then the error will be below 1%. The Force Law predicts the force on these wires to be - Fm = 2 km I 1 I 2 s / a Equation USA where the magnetic force constant, km or κm, is a constant whose value depends upon the unit system used to measure the currents, forces and distances. In other words, having decided how to define distance and force, you can then choose a km that defines how large your unit of current will be. The factor of 2 here is not intrinsic to Ampère's Force Law but arises through its application to the particular case of parallel wires. Some writers incorporate it into km, but most do not. The second equation is Coulomb's Law which gives the electrostatic force, Fe, between two isolated particles, separated by a distance, r, and carrying electric charges Q1 and Q2 - Fe = ke Q1 Q2 / r2 Coulomb's Law Where ke is a constant whose value depends upon the unit system used to measure the charges, forces and distances. In other words, having decided how to define distance and force, you can then choose a ke that defines how large your unit of charge will be. Or, at least you could do if you had not already decided upon km. Why? To understand this we need to introduce our third equation which expresses the fact that electric charge, Q, and current, I, are dependent quantities - Q = I × T Equation USQ where T is the time, in seconds, for which a given current, I, flows. Equation USQ must hold regardless of the unit system chosen; one unit of charge being represented by the passage of one unit of current for one second. You should now be able to see that it is possible either to invent some convenient value for km and then calculate ke or else invent some convenient value for ke and then calculate km. You cannot choose both ke and km independently because that would violate Equation USQ. Performing both Ampere's and Coulomb's experiments ( Weber and Kohlrausch , 1856) gives you a value for the relationship between ke and km - Equation USJ where c is the speed of light in a vacuum. This equation is considered further below. That's the basic physics out of the way. However, the freedom to select an arbitrary value for either ke or km leads to the profusion of unit systems from which we suffer today. Consider next how the choices just described are made in the two major unit systems: the CGS and the SI. [ ↑ Top of page] The approach taken by the CGS systems Every electromagnetic quantity may be defined with reference to the fundamental units of Length, Mass, and Time. James Clerk Maxwell , A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism In the unit system called CGS (for Centimetres Grams Seconds) force is measured in dynes: the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram at one centimetre per second squared. Conversion between the SI and CGS System dyn 1.0×10-5 N However, the CGS system doesn't like to pick winners and losers in the km & ke game. Instead it defines two subsystems known as electromagnetic units (e.m.u. or CGSm) and electrostatic units (e.s.u. or CGSe). [ ↑ Top of page] The electromagnetic units subsystem In the e.m.u. subsystem it is Monsieur Ampère who is the winner, but kmCGSm takes the value of 1.0. That is, two wires one centimetre apart carrying 1 e.m.u. of current experience a force of two dynes for each centimetre of their length. What is the value of this current in SI units? Rewriting Ampère's Force Law shows - I = √(FSI aSI / (2 kmSI smSI)) Equation USL This is consistently in SI units so we must translate the CGS force and length before substituting them - I = √(2×10-5 × 0.01 / (2×10-7 × 0.01)) = 10 amps Equation USM In CGS electromagnetic units this is sometimes called the abampere, or the biot or sometimes just 'one e.m.u. of current'. Conversion between the SI and e.m.u. System - 10 coulombs Sometimes no name is given for this unit other than an 'e.m.u. unit of charge'. You can, with the assistance of figure USU , continue from here to derive values in the rest of the e.m.u. such as potential (1 abvolt = 1.0×10-8 volts), capacitance resistivity and so on. The abvolt is so small in comparison with customary potentials because the dyne is feeble. Trouble brews faster yet. [ ↑ Top of page] The electrostatic units subsystem In the CGS e.s.u. it is Monsieur Coulomb who gets first prize and a value of keCGSe equal to 1.0. Coulomb's Law now looks like - FCGS = keCGSe QCGSe1 QCGSe2 / rCGS2 Coulomb's Law (in CGSe) That means two charges of one electrostatic unit each, separated by one centimetre, experience a force of 1 dyne . How much is this quantity of charge in SI units: coulombs? First we re-arrange Coulomb's Law - QSI = √(FSI rSI2 / keSI ) 1 / cCGS abampere This curious factor of c is considered further below. It's worth pointing out here that the 'equivalence' shown between e.m.u. current and e.s.u. current does not extend to the units, which differ by that velocity: c. Ditto, of course, for the other quantities. The e.m.u. and e.s.u. systems were principally the work of Gauss and Weber . [ ↑ Top of page] The Gaussian subsystem The e.m.u. and e.s.u. subsystems described above are not adopted in their pure forms. Instead a composite system is devised called Gaussian Units. This takes a 'pick and mix' selection from the e.m.u. and the e.s.u. . From the former it takes the 'magnetic units' of field strength, flux, flux density, magnetization etc.. From the latter it takes the 'electric units' charge, current, permittivity etc.. See table USS below. The Gaussian unit of magnetic flux density, the gauss, is defined using the Force Law - FCGS = ICGSm sCGS BGSN dynes Equation USF Equation USF says that a wire 1 centimetre long, sitting in a flux density equal to one gauss and carrying a current of 1 abampere experiences a force equal to 1 dyne . What is this flux density in the SI? The SI defining relationship is - BSI = FSI / (ISI sSI) Substituting the current, force and length values converted from their CGS definitions - BSI = 10-5 / (10 × 0.01) = 10-4 tesla Equation USI The Gaussian unit of magnetic field strength, the oersted , was defined as equal to unity (1.0) at the centre of a circular loop of thin wire, radius one centimetre, carrying 1/(2π) abampere of current. Modern definitions rest on Maxwell's equation for H, but, under steady current conditions, it all boils down to Ampère's circuital law (and it's more refined sibling the Biot-Savart equation ). Let's convert the oersted into SI using the result for the field at the centre of a current loop : HSI = ISI / (2 a) = (10 / (2π)) / (2 × 0.01) = 250 / π amps per metre Equation USO where a is the radius of the loop. Table USS: Dimensions of CGS units, the Gaussian pick highlighted. Quantity Name +0 -1 A most important fact to grasp is that the Gaussian has no separate concepts of absolute and relative permeability. If you take the Gaussian flux density (in gausses) and divide by the field strength (in oersteds) then you still get a result which is called permeability. That result, however, is numerically equal to what in the SI is the relative permeability. So, for a vacuum, oersteds/gausses = 1.0 and for iron it might be 8000. The same calculation in the SI, using teslas/(amps per metre), would yield values lower by a factor of 4π×10-7 and are designated absolute. It follows that, Gaussian permeability being a dimensionless ratio (just like 'relative permeability'), the fundamental units for flux density and field strength are the same: cm-½ g½ s-1 . Another trap for the unwary is the use of the symbol μ0 by some authors (eg Bozorth ) to represent initial permeability. This is not, repeat not, the permeability of a vacuum as used by authors working in the SI. Oh, me 'ead :-( The Gaussian system, adopted in 1881, was (despite its name) principally the work of Heinrich Hertz and Maxwell . Its success meant that the term 'CGS units' become a synonym for it. [ ↑ Top of page] The approach taken by the SI In the SI, distance is measured in metres and force is measured in newtons (the force which when applied to a mass of one kilogram accelerates it at one metre per second squared). Now the important bit: Monsieur Ampère is again the winner and kmSI is given the value of 10-7. In the SI current is measured in amperes - One ampere is that constant electric current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible cross-section, and placed one metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2×10-7 newton per metre of length. If you were wondering why the constant is 2×10-7 then the short answer is that this definition of the amp is compatible with earlier definitions of it. The ampere was in use long before the SI. However, you also have a field strength ( H ) of one ampere per metre at the centre of a circular loop of wire of diameter one metre when it carries one ampere of current. See the Biot-Savart page for more details. Anyway, the runner up, Monsieur Coulomb, has to define his unit of electric charge via Equation USQ and then equation USJ gives the electrostatic force constant - keSI = cSI 2 kmSI ≅ 8.988×109 Equation USK In passing you might note that this means that two charges, of one coulomb each, placed one metre apart exert a force upon each other that exceeds the weight of two fully laden oil super-tankers. Do not try this at home. One ampere is a significant amount of current, yet it still produces a feeble magnetostatic force. One ampere second, i.e. one coulomb, produces an enormous electrostatic force. That is why Monsieur Ampère and Monsieur Coulomb do not see eye to eye and why science has had such a hard time reconciling all this Gallic discord. It's easy to be confused by this stark definition of the ampere, in terms of the mechanical forces produced by it, into thinking that it is a derived unit from the base units of mass, length and time in the same way that joules, watts or pascals are. This indeed is how earlier systems treated current. The SI produces instead, depending on your point of view, either a stroke of genius or a fudge. it says "OK, we have said that you can tell how large an amp is in terms of force and length; but forget that we told you that. As far as the rest of the SI goes we treat the ampere as a fundamental unit which cannot be decomposed into more basic ones - in the same way that the second or the kilogram cannot". Immediately, however, we hit a problem. Re-arranging ampere's force law slightly - I2 = a Fm / (2 km s) Equation USR On the left we have amperes2 (A2). On the right we just have the old mechanical units. The equation is not dimensionally balanced . The workaround is to say that kmSI is not just a constant but a quantity with units of its own. Remembering that the length (s) and the separation (a) both have dimensions of metres, inspection of Equation USR tells us that the units of kmSI must be newtons per ampere squared (N A-2). Another problem with the SI is that, after its introduction in 1960, a number of 'loose ends' were left concerning its application to magnetics. This led to the Kennelly and Sommerfeld subsystems of units. Each of these is based on a different model of the way magnetism works. The Kennelly subsystem makes use of the concept of 'magnetic poles' to model the interaction of materials with a field at an atomic level. The Sommerfeld system ascribes 'dipole moments' instead to circulating electric currents. The end result is that different definitions (and units) are used for magnetization. On a brighter note, modern authors appear to favour the Sommerfeld system - as will these web pages. The evolution of unit systems The amp, the volt and ohm agree to live together peacefully ... (As not drawn by) Joseph Barbera , The Truce Hurts Devising a unit system is difficult because of the conflicting requirements which a good one should meet - The units should be of a size that is appropriate for use in science and engineering and in everyday ('customary') use by the wider commercial and public community. The units should be defined in a manner that is both precise and capable of being reproduced anywhere in the world. The units should be coherent. In a coherent system all the subsidiary or derived units can be expressed as combinations of the basic or fundamental units without the introduction of any multiplier. Compromise is unavoidable. First to adopt a customary metric system was France in 1799. Progress towards its adoption elsewhere has been distinctly less rapid now that those opposed to it are no longer decapitated. Anyway, the CGS system enjoyed wide acceptance until the electricity industry decided that the e.m.u. abvolt was too small for practical use and succeeded in introducing a value 108 times larger: our present value for the volt. The ohm and the amp were also re-scaled. Electricians were happy, but coherence with mechanical units was lost. That is the fundamental reason why kmSI takes the value it does: it's what's needed to make electrical units a 'sensible' size for the installers of electric heat and light. In case anybody was still able to understand the state of the unit system it was decided in 1932 that what had been called the gauss would thereafter be known as the oersted. Only since then has the gauss been a unit of flux density. In 1948 it was decided that the centimetre, the gram and the erg (the CGS unit of energy) should be replaced by the larger metre, kilogram and joule. This was called the MKSA system and it restored coherence (as foreseen shortly after 1901 by Giovanni Giorgi ). In 1960 the radian, steradian, kelvin and the candela were added to the MKSA system to form the International System of Units, abbreviated to SI (Système International d'Unités). It is little changed to this day, apart from the introduction in 1971 of the mole . Why then, a hundred years after Giorgi's proposal, does everyone not use a coherent system? The reasons are varied. They include, for example, a reluctance to specify flux density in teslas because Carl Friedrich Gauss was a greater intellect than Nikola Tesla . More importantly the SI permeability and permittivity are altogether nastier affairs compared to the CGS equivalents. That, though, is a fundamental difference - because the SI includes the ampere as a base unit, which CGS does not. It also explains why the dimensions of magnetic induction in the SI are different from those of magnetizing force . People with knowledge of the B-field and H-field only in the SI tend to see them as physically different. That the two exist for the sake of computational convenience alone is more obvious in Gaussian Units. Some have argued ( Larson ) that the unit system is in a mess because physics is in a mess. They say that ascribing units to kmSI is not science but computational legerdemain. Perish the thought. So, the answer to our original question "Why use different unit systems?" is not simple reluctance to change. It is, as Ken Alder says, about what you hold to be important. Pragmatists favour the SI's utilitarian approach to calculation, want all the factors of c kept out of sight, accept the embarrassing units for km and will never replace a 3 abampere fuse. OTOH, philosophically minded physicists want only the three base quantities of the Gaussian system to better reflect the underlying science. They dream of a visit to Woolworths where they enquire of the sales assistant "Excuse me, have you any 600,000,000 ergs per second light bulbs?" "Why, certainly, sir. We sell all our electrical goods by Gaussian units because in advanced texts on electrodynamics we find that the tensor calculus equations which unify the electric and magnetic fields are just so much clearer!" "Great, I'll take 59,958,491,600 / c of them, please." "While you're here, may I interest you in our 0.005 statvolt AA cells?" Stuck in between these groups are the engineers; we must cope both with text books written by the latter and problems set by the former. What system should we adopt? It's anybody's gauss. Whatever your own view may be, don't expect a truce soon :-( [ ↑ Top of page] The ratio of the e.s.u. to the e.m.u. This velocity, therefore, which indicates the relation between electrostatic and electromagnetic phenomena, is a natural quantity of definite magnitude, and the measurement of this quantity is one of the most important researches in electricity. James Clerk Maxwell , A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism Although not essential to understanding unit systems, this topic does relate to equation USJ above. Examine the first entry in table USS above: that for electric charge, and divide the electrostatic units by the electromagnetic units. You obtain a velocity: cm s-1. You obtain the same for current, electric flux density and magnetic field strength. For magnetic flux, magnetic flux density, voltage, and electric field strength you obtain the reciprocal of a velocity: cm-1 s. For capacitance and permittivity you obtain the square of a velocity: cm2 s-2. Finally, for permeability, inductance and resistance you obtain the reciprocal of the square of a velocity: cm-2 s2. Fundamentally, what this boils down to is that a dimensional analysis of the ratio ke / km , via a rearrangement of Ampère's Force Law and Coulomb's Law , shows that it has units of velocity squared. This seems a bit curious since nothing in either Ampère's or Coulomb's experiments needs to move (apart from the electrons themselves). Even more curious is the experimental value of this ratio - ke / km = c 2 Equation USW where c is the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact lent real proof to the proposal made many years previously by Leonard Euler that light had something to do with electromagnetism. It can be shown that the magnetic force is just the electrostatic force after adjustment by the relativistic Lorentz transform. You may already know that the speed of light features heavily in the theory of relativity too. The constants keSI and kmSI are not used directly in the rest of SI electromagnetism. Instead new constants are defined as - μ0 = 4πkmSI = 4π ×10-7 ≅ 1.256 637×10-6 H m-1 Equation USX ε0 = 1 / (4π keSI ) = 1 / (4π×10-7 c2) ≅ 8.854 186×10-12 F m-1 Equation USY Introducing the factor of π at this early stage (called rationalisation) prevents it from infesting later formulæ as in the Gaussian system . Note that because kmSI is defined as exactly 10-7 that μ0 is also exact. Since 1983 the speed of light has been defined to be exactly 2.997 924 58×108 m s-1 . Therefore keSI and ε0 also acquire exact values. Also, although μ0 has retained the units of kmSI these are translated into the equivalent H m-1. Trivia point: designation of the letter c is from the word celerity : quickness, or rapidity of motion. Its Latin root also gives accelerate. [ ↑ Top of page] Dimensional calculations An advantage of the SI is the ease with which dimensional calculations can be performed. To assist these table USF below lists the base units for a few quantities which are not listed elsewhere in these web pages. Table USF: Quantities and their units in the SI Quantity Rowland 's Law is the equation dimensionally correct? On the right hand side we have Fm in amps, divided by Rm in per henry, A / (A2 s2 kg-1 m-2) = A (A-2 s-2 kg m2) = kg m2 s-2 A-1 and these are the base units for the left hand side of the equation: flux in webers. Dimensional calculations are not merely party tricks which enable you to check your working. When you can follow the process by which the higher level (derived) units are composed from the simpler, more intuitive base units then you obtain a better understanding of quantities like resistance or inductance. Even the strangest and most abstract quantities eventually boil down to metres, kilograms, seconds and amps. Is there anything abstract or hard to grasp about them? These pages are particular about units because of this. You could also impress your friends by mentioning your 10 million kilogram metre squared per second cubed per ampere squared resistor. Uhh ... well, maybe not. Dimensional analysis, in the form we use today, was first proposed by Maxwell . [ ↑ Top of page] Turns of wire As mentioned in the section on current , many engineers prefer that the number of turns is included explicitly in the units of magneto-motive force . They say, for example, that the coil in figure TMX carries '12 ampere turns' of MMF, or '12 A t'. Similarly, inductance factor has units of henries per turn squared. Now, units come in one of two flavours: basic (like kilograms) or derived (like ohms). The former group, of which the SI has seven, are starting points for the units system, and cannot be decomposed into more fundamental ones. The latter group, on the other hand, is each made up from a combination of two or more of the basic units. The question arises, then, into which category you fit the unit for turns. The established view is that turns aren't really part of either. Instead, they are regarded as having 'unit dimensions'. That is, they have the same units as the digit '1'. Informally, you say they are ' dimensionless '. So, as far as dimensional calculations are concerned - 13 = 12 = 11 = 10 = 1 = t0 = t1 = t2 Equation UNA nH t-2 = nH 1 = nH Equation UNB From which you see that, in a technical sense, turns are redundant. Their inclusion, or omission, whenever or wherever you like, makes no difference to the dimensional validity of an equation. You could, for example, specify MMF as 'amperes per turn squared' and be no more and no less correct than 'ampere turns'. 'Turnified' units -2 -2 "That's not very helpful.", you complain, "Yah, boo, sucks to the SI ! Let's just treat turns as an eighth basic unit alongside amps, seconds and the rest." Well, as figure USU shows, all the electric units are related in a kind of 'family tree'; with amperes as the common ancestor. A change to one quantity has a 'knock-on' effect with the units from which and to which it relates. If you go tinkering with MMF then you face a dilemma. Either you have to accept that, in at least one equation, you will have dimensional inconsistency, or you must make the same alteration to all the other electric quantities, substituting 'A t' wherever 'A' appears originally - If you do this then the physicists will ask if you have gone mad. They don't care about turns. Whether a coil has four turns carrying three amps or three turns carrying four amps then it's all just '12 amps' to them. The magnetic field will be identical - so quit fussing. Consider the 'dual' case of a battery. No one is confused if it's described as having '9 volts'. No one imagines that each cell within it has an EMF of 9 volts. We accept that it's the overall potential that's being specified, without a special unit called the 'volt cell'. If engineers were consistent then they wouldn't need 'ampere turns' to talk about MMF. We can only stutter "Yes, but ...", or else eschew the ampere, use Gaussian Units and the 'gilbert' for MMF instead. Dohhh! Some other conversions Fields If you have a quantity expressed in CGS units then multiply by k to find the equivalent in SI units. Magnetics in the CGS Gaussian system Quantity 7.962×10-3 J m-3 Converting formulae between the two systems requires care. You may also see flux being specified in 'lines' - this is synonymous with maxwells. Magnetic susceptibility Much data on susceptibility is still only available in CGS units. In CGS the susceptibility is defined as χ = (μ - 1) / (4 π) Equation USY Where μ is the permeability. If this surprises you then recall that CGS permeability also differs from SI permeability (by a factor of 4 π×10-7). Where you have a susceptibility expressed in CGS units then multiply by the factor tabulated below to obtain the susceptibility in the corresponding SI units. Converting susceptibilities Wb Unit names An interval of time might be 20 seconds, a mass may be forty kilograms, a resistance ten ohms, a temperature 600 kelvins and an energy ninety joules. The point is that we write all these unit names without a capital letter - even where the unit is named after a scientist. Unit symbols Strictly speaking, the m, Ω and Wb above are symbols and not abbreviations. Thus you don't use a full stop after one (as you would an abbreviation) nor need you follow them by an s to denote a plural. Like other symbols you can put them in formulas. Where the unit name is that of a scientist you then capitalize the unit symbol, e.g. C = 1.8×10-6 F. You need to include a space between the numerical value and the unit symbol. For example, L = 2.753 mH rather than L = 2.753mH. Also, L = 2.753 millihenries is better than L = 2.753 milli henries or L = 2.753 milli-henries. Table headings and graph axis labels You sometimes see tables headed like that on the left Table USTa: Incorrect column headings River name	i don't know
Who wrote the 'Young Bond' series of novels, the first being 'Silver Fin'?	Review: SilverFin by Charlie Higson \| Books \| The Guardian by Charlie Higson 372pp, Puffin, £5.99 I really didn't know what to expect when it was announced that The Fast Show's Charlie Higson would be writing a series of books about the young James Bond. The idea of following the adventures of a boy Bond seemed intriguing enough, it was just that Higson had made such a pig's ear out of "updating" Randall & Hopkirk (Deceased) for television, and, more importantly, had once written a column in which he claimed that a bay leaf adds nothing to the flavour of spaghetti bolognese. Would Bond be safe in such a man's hands? When Kingsley Amis wrote Colonel Sun (under the nom de plume Robert Markham), the first officially sanctioned Bond novel not from the pen of Ian Fleming himself, some die-hard fans were appalled at the very thought of it, while others pored over the text in search of errors. I suspect that Higson's Bond will be put under a similar microscope. Even before publication, debates have been raging on the internet. Higson has been licensed to write five books by Ian Fleming Publications, holders of the copyright to the character in print. His young Bond has nothing to do with the animated "James Bond Jnr" spin-off from the Bond films or RD Mascott's much-praised 1967 cult classic James Bond Junior 003, both of which concern Bond's "nephew". True to Fleming, Higson's boy Bond is educated at Eton sometime in the 1930s (before his expulsion). This also prevents Higson's young Bond being just a pale imitation of Alex Rider, the hero of Anthony Horowitz's wildly successful series of children's books, which in themselves nod in the direction of the Bond films. (Life can be very complicated sometimes.) In a sense, a young Bond can never be the "real" Bond because adult readers won't believe that the real Bond would have had such childhood adventures. But as an introduction to the character for young readers, SilverFin is very satisfying. Higson, it transpires, is a longstanding Bond fan, and already has some dark adult thrillers under his belt. This is a well-crafted page-turner with substance. It couldn't be further from the gadget-ridden world of the likes of Spy Kids, which it might so easily have been, and is all the better for it (though I dare say some children would actually prefer the escapist Alex Rider/ Agent Cody Banks approach). After a truly gruesome and gripping prologue, the book soon settles into a good old-fashioned boarding school yarn, with new-boy James coming across as a bit of a loner who plays by the rules. Then, after befriending sidekick "Red" Kelly (so called on account of the colour of his hair and the fact that it sounds a bit like Ned), the action moves to Scotland, resulting in death, violence, the obligatory mad scientist unveiling his preposterous scheme, and a very satisfying ending. This is a most enjoyable, well-written book which is well worth a read even if you're not a James Bond fan. There are a few in-jokes (the "female interest", Wilder Lawless, has a horse called Martini, for example), but Higson is sparing with these and very skilfully melds the known elements of Bond's childhood with those of his own invention. In SilverFin, Higson gives us that little extra something ... in much the same way that, say, a bay leaf does to a bolognese sauce. Nice one, Charlie. · Philip Ardagh's third and final Unlikely Exploit, The Rise of the House of McNally, is published in paperback in April.	Charlie Higson
Which New York born Australian orchestral conductor died last month?	Young Bond : Silverfin by Charlie Higson \| Buy Books at Lovereading4kids.co.uk Add to wishlist Share this book The Lovereading4Kids comment Shortlisted for the Blue Peter Best Book of the Decade. James Bond is back, aged 13 years. The original superspy. A global phenomenon . A hero every boy wants to be, and every girl wants to know. Ages 10+ years. This title is also available on audio CD. Charlie Higson’s New Bond Series is available in order of Silverfin , Blood Fever , Double Or Die and Hurricane Gold . Perfect for Reluctant Readers as well as keen readers. To view other titles we think are suitable for reluctant readers please click here . Synopsis Young Bond : Silverfin by Charlie Higson James Bond is, without doubt, the daddy of all literary spies. His name is synonymous with intrigue and adventure, action and old-fashioned derring-do. So Silverfin, the first in a series of Charlie Higson’s fully authorised prequels to the most famous of all British Secret Service agents, has mightily big boots to fill. Fortunately, Higson is a genuine Bond aficionado who has remained true to the style of Ian Fleming’s creation, and his legend, to create an authentic story featuring a teenage Bond that should not disappoint other equally appreciative fans. After a supremely scary opening sequence featuring some terrifying mutated eels and a gruesome death, Bond’s early days at Eton in the 30’s as a thirteen-year-old are the focus for the first third of the book. Since the death of his parents in a climbing accident, James had previously been educated at home by his aunt. The alien world of this infamous public school is a new world for him and he makes enemies immediately. But young James is not without a backbone of his own, and he soon begins to win small victories against those who choose to bully him. It is, however, when James is in Scotland for the rest of book, at the remote home of his Aunt Charmian and Uncle Max, that his first great adventure, and mystery to solve, truly takes shape. A local Laird, in his ominous castle nearby, is conducting horrific scientific experiments that prove he is very mad indeed and a threat to society who must be defeated. Before this excitement is over, James has a date with some killer eels. The author, well known for his comedic exploits on television in The Fast Show and for adult thrillers such as King of the Ants and Full Whack is without doubt a skilled writer. Bond purists might wince a little, that such an extension of Fleming’s legacy was needed at all, but despite being shackled by the constraints of its period setting, Silverfin is an intriguing read. Reviews Charlie Higson's Young Bond books get an A* GQ This is writing for children of the highest order Spectator About the Author Charlie Higson is a well-known writer of screenplays and novels, including the phenomenally successful Young Bond series. He is also a performer and co-creator of 'The Fast Show' and Radio Four's award-winning 'Down the Line' series - recently made into a popular BBC2 sketch show, 'Bellamy's People'. Charlie is a big fan of horror films and is now hoping to give a great many children sleepless nights with his The Enemy series. The Young Bond books have, to date, sold over a million copies in the UK and been translated into 24 different languages. The Young Bond titles are included in a recent list of books complied by the Department for Children, Schools and Families and the School Libraries Association to encourage school boys to read (www.boysintobooks.co.uk). After studying at the University of East Anglia, Charlie formed a band, The Higsons. He then became a decorator before turning to the world of television and going into partnership with his friend Paul Whitehouse. Their successes included 'Saturday Live', the 'Harry Enfield Television Programme', 'The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer', 'Shooting Stars', 'Randall and Hopkirk, Deceased', the film 'Suite 16', 'Swiss Toni' and 'The Fast Show'. Most recently Charlie and Paul co-produced, and performed in, the controversial and award-winning spoof radio series Down the Line for BBC Radio 4. This later became the television comedy series Bellamy’s People, on BBC 2, inspired by the Radio series. Charlie lives in London with his wife and three sons. Questions for Charlie Higson: What was your inspiration for The Enemy? George Romero’s early zombie films – Night of the Living Dead & Dawn of the Dead mostly. But there are bits of Lord of the Rings, fairy tales and the tales of the Greek heroes. Which character was the most fun to write? Small Sam and the Kid. They’re a good double act. Are any of your characters based on real people? I use my own kids and their friends for inspiration, but there is no one character that is based on one particular person. What was the last film that blew you away? Pan’s Labyrinth was amazing. Special effects and fantasy are used for more than just pretty pictures. Who would you choose to be if you could be a celebrity for the day? That idea is just too scary to contemplate. My God, imagine ! Click here to read more Charlie Higson Q&A. Charlie Higson loves what could be THE debut of 2011, Undead by Kirsty McKay: 'A kick-ass teen-action zombie-fest. Fast, furious, freaky, funny and seriously sick. Oh, and did I mention it kicks ass ?' Author photo: Andy Paradise	i don't know
What was the first name of the younger brother of Ricky Hatton, also a professional boxer?	Boxing: How Ricky Hatton got fit \| Sport \| The Guardian Close Week 1 (Sept 17-23) The nutritionist Kerry Kayes begins working with Ricky Hatton during a five-city promotional tour for the fight, the priority being to shed the weight put on between fights. "Ricky was 35 to 40lb over his fighting weight [147lb]; we were in the gym at 6am every other day shedding that load," said Kayes. This was done by a light jog of five miles on the treadmill and lifting weights. Kayes, a former bodybuilding champion, also provides him with controlled supplements. "They give Ricky the nutrients he needs to train, not feel hungry and, most important, not put on weight," Kayes said. "The supplements Ricky was taking contained 42 grammes of protein in 270 calories. If you tried to get 42 grammes of protein from a regular meal, such as aeroplane and hotel food, it would be 1,000 calories and that is no good, we needed to shift weight off Ricky." Hatton returns from the tour 10lb lighter. Week 2 (Sept 24-30) Hatton starts work with Billy "The Preacher" Graham at his Betta Bodies gym in Denton, Manchester. From this point, Hatton is in the gym five days a week. The first week is spent working with the bar-bag. Hatton has to leap over a metal bar, approximately 3ft high, and hit a punch bag on the other side. "We start with six repetitions at a time and then build up to 15," Graham said. "It's about working on Ricky's reactions and punching while also developing his fitness, which is still important at this stage." Kayes maintained a key role. "Ricky can eat anything he wants as long as it's clean: rice, potatoes, white meat, vegetables," he explained. Because he has moved up to welterweight for this fight, supplements play a more significant part than usual. "We have an extra 7lb to play with and I want to turn that into as much muscle as possible," said Kayes. "I've been giving him Creatine E2. It drives straight into the muscle and gives the athlete more energy and power." Week 3 (Oct 1-7) Hatton gets into the ring and starts "light-touch work" with Graham, sparring at a slow pace with the emphasis on finding his range. "Floyd Mayweather is a defensive genius, even pinning him up against the ropes is no guarantee of success," said Graham. "But Ricky is a master at opening up fighters and we've spent a lot of time working on that, getting through a defence and doing some serious damage in tight corners." Weeks 4-10 (Oct 8-Nov 25) The most important aspect of Hatton's training regime is introduced - the body-belt, a heavy, rounded, padded sack which Graham straps on and Hatton punches, designed to hone his fighting qualities: body-punching and sheer relentlessness. "Ricky has to chase me around the ring and go as hard as possible, it's what he enjoys doing the most," Graham said. They work with the body-belt five days a week and increase the rounds steadily from four to six to eight to 10 to 12. "Me and Ricky have been going through this same routine for years, ever since he had his junior belts. We know exactly what we need to do and how to do it." Hatton is also running at weekends, although Graham puts no emphasis on him doing so. Indeed, the 50-year-old would rather Hatton rest on his days off and stresses recovery and relaxation during preparation. "Sleep is massively important. I allow Ricky to sleep for as long as his body needs to, that is why our daily session starts at 12.30pm," Graham said. "There are some coaches who get their fighters up at the crack of dawn and make them eat raw eggs. In my opinion, that is a load of old-school bollocks. Where is the good in having a fighter sparring in the dark when he is tired? It's pointless." Weeks 11-12 (Nov 26-Dec 8) "All we need is a ring, a body-belt and some sparring partners," said Graham of their gym in Las Vegas. Hatton's younger brother Matthew, a professional fighter himself, is used as a sparring partner. A week before the fight, Graham increases the body-bag rounds to 15. Away from the gym he will pore over DVDs of Mayweather's fights. "I'll make sure I know Floyd inside out, I'll make sure I know Floyd better than he knows himself," Graham said. Kayes makes sure Hatton is eating well, taking his supplements and is in no danger of failing the weigh-in, his greatest fear. "Once the weigh-in is done, he can relax and have a right good fill - the food still has to be clean, though." The Ricky Hatton - A Life Story DVD is on sale now	Matt Hardy
What colour is the disc on the flag of Bangladesh?	Matthew Hatton Boxer - Boxing News Boxing Press 6/9/2010 Press Releases Manchester’s Matthew Hatton looks to consolidate his position in the world welterweight rankings when defending his European title against Yuriy Nuzhnenko at the Bolton Arena on the 16th of July. ‘Magic’ won the vacant belt by defeating Italy’s experienced warhorse Gianluca Branco in Dagenham back in March. It was Hatton’s …	i don't know
On which track does the 'Chattanooga Choo Choo' leave Pennsylvania Station?	Chattanooga Choo Choo Lyrics by Glenn Miller by andrew on 5/17/2008 7:14pm this is a great song by Janice on 5/28/2008 6:35am This is a great song and we are singin it for hills festival. by koala on 6/2/2008 2:26pm we is singin dis 4 our leavers play yeah by Michaella on 6/3/2008 7:29pm when i was in fourth grade we had to sing celebrate the states songs i am now going into 7th grade and i still love this song by Sandra Wood on 6/6/2008 9:18am I sing in 'Track 29' harmonising choir and this is our signature tune! by piper h on 6/6/2008 10:44am hi your such a great song writer and i think dat dis is a fabuolos song xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx by tay on 6/8/2008 10:39pm we did this song when we had chours in elementry school by Robert on 6/26/2008 1:36pm Caroline seems rather angry about the Chatanooga Choo Choo by Billy bob on 7/9/2008 2:55pm My Great-grandparents met on the chatonngga choo choo. And later on got married. by fugue on 7/12/2008 2:55pm Actually, the song starts "Hi there Tex, what'd you say?" "Step aside partner; it's my day. Bend an ear, and listen to my version." "Of a really solid Tennessee excursion" also, it's "Can you afford to board", not "I can afford" by Robby on 7/16/2008 2:14pm Fugue is correct. It's "Can you afford to board" not "I can afford." by holly on 8/9/2008 10:35am my cousin was singing this song on holiday, and it has really stuck in my mind and it is 'I can afford' by Zach on 8/22/2008 3:57am Robby and Holly are both right...it just depended on how the song was presented. Sometimes when Tex Beneke sang with the band a group of people, a woman, or another vocalist would sing parts (the questions for example) and he would sing the other lyrics. Actually I think the Tex Beneke version which included the lyrics Fugue mentions, is the best. by Zylstra on 8/29/2008 3:52pm "Can you afford" by Deedubb on 9/8/2008 10:12pm This is an example of the racist songs of that era. "Pardon me Boy!?" "Boy, you can gimme a shine!?" Well, at least the melody was nice. by Hollie on 9/20/2008 4:53am I love this song! It's so cool, wicked!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by ladida on 9/23/2008 7:00pm how does "boy" let you know the race of the person being spoken to--white men still called white boys, "boy." by Hostile on 9/23/2008 7:59pm I'm really feeling Deedubb's comment about the racist mentality of that era exemplified in this song. I just heard it performed by 2 band members of Kiss on Family Guy...which was hilarious and helped me overlook that sad heritage. by Desiree on 10/10/2008 4:42pm I love this song!!I sang it in 5th grade chorus and I have loved it since. Whoever wrote it is a freaking genius!! by Sandytoy on 10/18/2008 8:51pm Deedubb is an idiot! If so racist, why say the melody is nice? Don't listen to it then. I like the song! U must be black! LOL! by Natasha on 10/31/2008 7:02pm Great! Great! The The Sun Valley Serenade and the Song were so popular in the former USSR... My Grams told me :) I love'em too by LawDawg on 11/6/2008 7:14pm sandtoy is an ass....I can see the racist overtones (and NO, I'm not black!) However, the song is a statement of the times during that era. Lots of folks then just didn't know any better, I hate to say, especially in the south. It's still an awesome song. by PunxsutawneyPhyllis on 11/13/2008 2:32pm While I can definitely see how the "boy" could actually be a black man, you know there were shoeshine boys who were _white_ too. And the "pardon me boy" part is a very minor part of the song. by sammysgirl on 12/16/2008 6:29pm I don't think the song is sexist. I did this song in colorguard and some people in my handbell class were in band and we were singing it on the bus today. by lilza on 12/18/2008 4:38pm i am singing this song for busking in adelaide and isnt it just a great song :) =D by Paula on 12/31/2008 8:07pm my granny used to sing this to us when we were wee (: by Paula on 12/31/2008 8:07pm my granny used to sing this to us when we were wee (": by Cleanteen on 1/20/2009 6:06pm I do not believe this song is racial at all y would anyone even think that! It's a great song and all this raciel crap shouldn't be brought into it. by Autumn Evans on 2/14/2009 9:21am gotta love a bit of glen. some stupid twits gotta sing this song at a concert and i wasnt even in with a chance. GRR by Lake on 2/16/2009 10:14am I do not believe this song is racial at all y would anyone even think that! It's a great song and all this raciel crap shouldn't be brought into it. by James Blunt on 2/24/2009 11:03am gay by igor on 2/25/2009 6:43am �� , �� by Archi on 4/1/2009 2:02pm I sing this song every day at my breakfast! by anonymous on 4/1/2009 9:09pm OMIGOSH!!!!!!! I'M LIKE TOTALLY SINGING THIS IN THE CHATTANOOGA GIRLS CHOIR!!!!!!!!!!!!!! yyyyeeeeaaaahhh by California Kid on 4/23/2009 12:34pm I grew up listening to this sound as my parents were WWII era and played it on weekends all the time. Great song, great tune. In all those times I never got any racial overtone from it. I am sure "boy" refers to just that, a boy -- and not a black man. Miller worked with many black artists of the time and I don't think he would have written or used lyrics that were racial. by Jean on 5/16/2009 5:22pm I went on a trip on the Empire Builder train from Chicago to Seattle last week & this was one of the songs I brought along on my I-Pod. It fit the spirit of long-distance train travel. I also brought along Choo Choo Ch'Boogie, City of New Orleans, Take The A-Train & Chicago by Frank Sinatra. The classics are wonderful. by Anon on 6/22/2009 5:55pm My parents said I sang this song just before the WW11. I was about 2 1/2. I only knew the first two lines but I was told I used to sing them and dance on the table. My dad and uncle [killed in the war] taught me it. I still remember although they are dead now. Great song. by Ashley on 6/23/2009 2:23pm O.M.G we are doing this song for our leavers song!!! It is sooo funny and cheesy!!! Haha !!! Chattanooga choo choo wont you choo choo me home !!! Lol !!! by Minette20 on 7/24/2009 12:03pm I'm old enough to remember "I Got a Gal in Kalamazoo"? During WW11, the band went all over the USA to small and middlesized towns. Not like nowadays where LA, NYC and Vegas are the places to be. by Kate on 9/30/2009 7:31am �� !!! by Kate on 9/30/2009 7:31am �� !!! by Judi on 10/5/2009 5:54pm This is an absolutely fab song! May parents are also WWII era and I learned all these GM songs from them. Miller was the best of his era. This song is not racial--back then, no one thought anything about it. That was just the innocence of the period. Boys were boys and girls were girls and no insult or put down was intednded or even thought of in this context. From our prospective 60 years later, some choose to see it as racial. Get over it! by Judi on 10/5/2009 6:24pm Zach, that "group of people" who backed up soloist Tex Beneke were, generally, the Modernaires. Sometimes they did have guest singers to sing with the band. Your explanation of the two versions is exactly right. I also prefer the version with Tex and the Modernaires. by jenny on 10/23/2009 11:25pm My grandmother used to sing this and play it on the piano along with other ragtime music. She would really get to rolling with these fun songs. Her siblings would stand around the piano, laughing singing and say "play, Ella, play" by Sue on 11/26/2009 9:05am I really liked this song because when I was in 3rd grade we sang this in the choras. That song is the only memory of it. by Bill on 12/13/2009 5:59pm Of course young white males were called "boy" too and shined shoes, but the likelihood of this referring to them in a 1940s railroad service environment is essentially nil, so this is certainly about black male shoeshine "boys." It's a terrific piece of music that I hum all the time, but it's a product of a different era when shining shoes and being called "boy" were part of the culture and the music. by Bill on 12/13/2009 6:28pm Oh, and least my last message be unclear about it, yes it was racist in the sense that the whole culture was based on racism. Not that every white person wanted to lynch blacks, nor that they weren't actually sympathetic to the racial problems in America on some level, but the overall American culture was racist in the sense the deck was stacked heavily and systematically against getting ahead solely on the color of one's skin. by Catalysto on 12/28/2009 9:45pm Isn't it ironic that we've come full circle in the sense that now through affirmative action skin color is still systematically contingent on "getting ahead". by Becky Rhea 1/13/10 on 1/13/2010 2:46pm My mom Becky sang all these oldies she danced and winked her eye at me on this one . She also did Sentimental Journey by Doris Day. Mom's in Heaven now my sister and I sing at Nursing Homes by PJ on 1/17/2010 11:20am Great song for playing with model trains and the grandson by robert on 1/18/2010 3:14pm for some reason this song has been playing in my head for many years- then i found out it was number 1 on the day i was born by io870 on 1/27/2010 6:52pm [email protected] by texas girl on 1/28/2010 7:20pm I love Glenn Miller...i love tex beneke's voice even more. I like the version where the Modernaires ask: Hi there tex, what'd you say?? AS for "boy" i never in my life thought of it as a black person. I guess because the first time i heard any reference to this song was in the movie "young Frankenstein". Gene Wilder asks a kid if this is the right train and the kid was just that, a young boy. oh, and i've only heard "Can you afford to board" not "I can afford". by Hattie on 2/6/2010 8:50am this is my skool concert song!!! by tudor mills on 3/10/2010 5:53pm one of my Glen Miller favourites. Being a shoe shine boy was a job for many races. not just the afro american. So let us not get silly and listen to Glen Millers Band at its best. Right about the start though by Jonesy on 3/13/2010 6:17pm @Bill: '...but the likelihood of this referring to them in a 1940s railroad service environment is essentially nil,...'This is more a statement of the times than a show of racial overtones. The fact that the 'boy' is more likely to refer to a black shoe-shine boy is irrelevant. I don't think it is intended derogatory. In fact, I think the line is more intended to show class distinction - the young lackeys cleaning shoes were so far below someone who could afford to take the train. The fact that in all probability the shoe-shiner was black does not make the comment racist - if anything, your interpretation that the line is racist because chances are the worker was black is racist in itself. by Dave Sandy on 3/19/2010 4:56pm This was the number one song in the nation on December 7, 1941. by Justin on 4/12/2010 12:38pm I also grew up listening to this song from my parents, in Cuba.. Now I�m 51, and, still living in Cuba, I carry all the way these inmortal GM that provide unlimited pleasure to me!. by Renee on 4/15/2010 4:11pm Hilger Higher Learning Choir just sang this song standing right across the sidewalk from the Chattanooga Choo Choo - Track 29. It gave me chills to watch it all - I too grew up in Washington state hearing this song and knowing the words to it, never suspecting that one day I would be living here and have a daughter singing the song at the Choo Choo in Chattanooga. It is a world wide familiar song to many. by Illinois on 4/19/2010 9:39am What does eight to the bar mean? by Tricia on 5/15/2010 10:53pm Eight eighth notes to a bar of music was the standard beat of pop music in that area. To really jump and jive, you need many (eight) fast notes(eighths)in a short time to provide the tempo. Go back and listen again and count out the beats with your fingers and you'll hear it. Dut-dut-duh-dah, dut-dut-duh-dah. In contrast, a waltz is written in "three quarter time" (three quarter notes per bar) to provide the tempo for a slower dance: ONE two three, ONE two three! by Miranda Hoffman on 6/1/2010 4:53am Chattanooga Choo Choo is such an awesome song that I sing it in the shower! by paulina :D on 6/13/2010 6:29am we are singing this song for all the 1st years coming to our school :P by Richard on 7/11/2010 2:36pm the song was playing on our dab raido on a station we never tune into and now the radio has lights on but noone home Broken... why by enrico from Italy on 7/12/2010 2:34pm Thank you America for giving us all your culture and everything else! World should be poorest without you! God bless you! by vkrupchatnikov on 7/16/2010 8:31am Great song forever by David P. on 8/1/2010 12:11pm I used to sing this when I was an evacuee in the New Forest from Portsmouth, UK, during the Blitz in 1942 and I can still remember the words! by Granny10 on 8/8/2010 8:52pm Daughters & I just visited Chatanooga & the Choo Choo. Could not stop singing the song even though we did not know all the lyrics. Thanks for helping us! by antiebabs on 8/15/2010 8:30pm Just took a ride on the famous "Skunk Train" from Ft. Bragg CA. Through the redwood forest, a wonderful singer of train tunes entertained us with songs, including Chatanooga Choo Choo. I sang along as I knew all of the lyrics. What a wonderful time/song/experience. Try it if you can! by bobbyboy on 9/8/2010 10:40pm born and reared in Chattanooga, and use to help dad make deliveries to both train stations during 40s and 50s. Had a cousin (white boy) who shined shoes at the old Union Station. So much for only colored shoe shine boys! by bill sanders on 9/27/2010 3:51pm I'm a native Chattanoogan. The veryfirst time this song was performed on radio by Glenn Miller's band with Tex Beneke on vocal - the Modernaires were the group singing to Tex, hence, 'Can you afford' at the beginning of the song. Well, I bet this is a ONE OF A KIND. I was listening with my foster parents in their bedroom when Glenn announced the introduction of his new single record. I now own a copy of that original recording on 78rpm. by linda lea on 10/20/2010 2:30am two friends and I are going to sing 'choochoo' for my sister's 80th birthday party. We wanted a song that would say 'the forties' and this was it...we are not the greatest singers but, this song will let folks think we are.....thanks , dear Glenn. by Noreen Campbell on 10/30/2010 1:42am A true classic that will never die!!!! by claudia on 11/5/2010 6:09pm Init Dis Song Is Good Man ! by bob r on 11/18/2010 10:53am Roy Rogers and Dale Evans were camping and Roy awoke to a mountain lion mauling his new cowboy boots outside the tent. The lion ran off and Roy vowed to get him and after hunting for several days returned to camp with the dead lion strapped to his saddle. When Dale saw this she started singing "Pardon me Roy, is that the cat that chewed your new shoes"........... by Me on 1/24/2011 9:08am What a gay song. Go and die you bastards by Roger on 1/28/2011 9:34pm This is a great song. I know that when it was written the word "boy" (refering to a Black Shoe Shine person I presume?) was considered ok. But in this day and age it cannot be used. If it were rewritten the word "sir" or "friend" would be used. by Jim on 1/31/2011 4:07pm This is from my mother's era and I remember how much she enjoyed it. I do too. Although "boy" sometimes was used to refer to a black man, this is just a reference to the young men, white and black, working in the station. by Diellza on 3/27/2011 4:19am some of u people are weirdo's coz hardly any of you can spell great song though by Me of course!! on 3/30/2011 7:34pm this is a song that i have heard a chorus sing love it and it sounds so AMAZING as a duet :) you really shouldve heard the 5th graders and 6th graders sing were actually suprisingly good :0 by Dmitrii Sidorov on 4/15/2011 10:24am I am 70. I live in Chisinau (the capital of Moldova - the former Soviet republic). First saw a masterpiece of Glenn Miller' "Sun Valley Serenade" in 1960. Now I watch and listen to the songs "Chattanooga Choo Choo" and "I know why" every week. by Dmitrii Sidorov on 4/15/2011 11:02am If it's possible, I'd like to edd some words. "Son Valley Serenade" is unmatched. It is happiness and delight. What a tragedy that Glenn Miller died in his 40 years! But his magnificent melodies will always be with us. by vadim.voronov on 4/16/2011 2:38am This is a great song!!! by dum dee dee dum dum, dum dum! on 4/25/2011 5:07pm politically correct version uses "you're gonna make it on time" for "Boy, you can gimme a shine"...either way, a great song by proud white man on 5/1/2011 5:37pm hey nigger give me a shine by KatieSpitfire on 5/18/2011 3:38am This song is fantastic! Im a 1940's entertainer and people love this song. Sadly on the racist issue it was a sign of the times but i don't think people see it that way now. Well not the true music fans!x by beauregard on 5/28/2011 8:17am Plenty of comment on the political correctness or incorrectness of "boy," but no one has mentioned the glaring geographical incorrectness. No train out of Pennsylvania Station bound for Chattanooga ever passed through any Carolina. The route after Baltimore was Washington, Charlottesville, Lynchburg, Bristol Va.-Tenn., Knoxville, and Chattanooga. by ChattanoogaGirl on 7/8/2011 6:18am It was a song of the era, why so much analysis. What was then, is not now.....get over it or you'll never get past it. If you don't like the song, don't listen. And who cares what the route was....IT'S A SONG. Analyze LUCY IN THE SKY. by beauregard on 7/17/2011 7:42am The point of outlining the route is that the lyricist went out of his way to bring in a reference to the older standard, "Nothing Could Be Finer Than To Be in Carolina." It's charming! If you don't like analysis, maybe you should stay away from blogs and stick by your audio equipment. by Annie Nguyen on 8/12/2011 3:17am This is what my class sings, we changed most of the words! Anyway.. just ENJOY!! Pardon me boy. Is that the periodic table? With all the elements fine, each on their own special line! Didn't you know, that everything is made of matter? Those atoms attract, and bond together in fact! We have a chemical reaction when some elements meet Atoms bonds are broken, they're no longer complete. Solid, Liquid, Gases, takes up space with masses And when there's a catalyst that's when there's crosses. There's more but I can't remember.. Sorry but I'll find out soon!! Hope this help!!!!!!! by Sheldon on 9/14/2011 6:05pm I heard a "joke" about this song. It would take me awhile to type out the whole thing so I'll just give you the gist of it. Instead of "Pardon me Roy, is that the Chattanooga Choo Choo? It's "Pardon me Roy, is that the cat that chewed your new shoes?" LOL by bryonie lisa banham on 10/4/2011 8:23am this song is the best ya di you konw that im learning about this by Spacecowboy360 returns on 10/9/2011 7:55pm One of the best songs in music history and one of my favourites by �� on 10/12/2011 3:20am by bryonie on 10/13/2011 1:15pm i am on this we are getting avacuted to somwere but prowtend by Mike on 10/23/2011 3:33pm Ok, enough of the comments, now LET'S ALL SING! by Bill on 11/30/2011 5:07pm Speaking of geographical train route errors, Judy Garland could not have traveled all the way from Philadelphia on the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe. It rhymes. It's called "poetic license." by bobina marley on 12/29/2011 12:42pm my mum loves that song and she annoys me by singing it lol :) by Twilight lover on 1/11/2012 6:58am Omg, were singing this in my choir at school!! It is a catchy song, im in seventh grade btw... Yeah were singing the longer version with the chattinooga train and the atchisontopeka and the santa fe!! :) it awesomee by Kelly on 2/8/2012 3:24pm To PROUD WHITE MAN. Hang yourself with your sheet, you ignorant, uneducated, pathetic imbecile! by RoXy <33 on 2/8/2012 9:49pm im in choir and we have to sing dis song and it is pretty awsome i cant complain bout dis song being stupid and bill no offense u speak to nerdy lol(; who gives a dam bout history lol (: not mee ahahahaha bobina marly dont try to be bob marly becuz ur not ever going to be his wife ok get tht straight and if ur mom loves tht song leVE her alone but i think i like lil wayne and j cole better by meg on 2/9/2012 12:26pm i am singing this song in choir and i have got this song stuck in my head!!and i have been singing it all night!!!! :) by Don Juan on 2/9/2012 4:39pm Annie Nguyen I love your periodic table version, very interesting. by shukov on 2/24/2012 6:15am Nice song, what's your problem, boy? by mart47 on 3/7/2012 7:23pm Mom with dementia can't talk but can sing this! by bob self on 3/18/2012 2:01am a sixties pop group the "harpers bizarre" did an excellent verion of this tune. by John too old on 4/22/2012 9:14pm I for on used to shine shoe in Denver Union station ib thyen early 50's, I was 12 or 13 at the time. By the way I am white. Spent from 41 t0 50 riding the train from KC To Denver and back, knew the conductors by name. by boombob on 4/29/2012 3:56pm LOL John noone cares dick by Wally Jones on 4/30/2012 7:04pm The idiom of eight to the bar is actually dotted eighth note-16th note dotted eighth note-16th note dotted eighth note-16th note dotted eighth note-16th note; it is often notated, however as 8 eighth notes. Thus if a symphony orchestra played "In the Mood" it would sound completely different. I was a white bus boy and then a bar waiter in a country club in the 50's. When the clientele wanted something, they would yell "Boy!" by Gus on 5/7/2012 11:49pm This song is one of the most important, if not the most important song in my life. In 1945, when Hungary was liberated from the Nazi occupation, I heard this song for the first time in my life, after so much suffering, I was just born again! Literally! It was like a whole new world, a better world, where hapiness is possible, was opening up before my eyes and soul! It gave me such a happiness and glorious feeling in my heart, that is undescribable. And that without understanding a word in English!! And I feel the exact same thing today, when I hear it. Nothing changed. The authors, and Glenn Miller are all geniuses! That was my liberation, along with other GM hits. by BIGMAMOO on 5/20/2012 11:25pm i LOVE THIS SONG,I WAS VERY YOUNG WHEN i FIRST HEARD IT AND I LOVE IT STILL, A TUNE YOU NEVER TIRE OF! by Henny on 5/23/2012 5:33am nice and good song!!! by Henny on 5/23/2012 9:46am a very nice song by John on 6/28/2012 2:07pm The term boy could mean anyone who worked for the railroad. It was a sign of being a servant. It did not matter what color you were. In my home town the guy who worked at the train depot was white and his job wazs to shine shoes. One day he was sporting around town in a Brand new Red Corvette. He saved his tips. by V on 6/30/2012 1:47pm Look at history. Yes, they used the term "BOY" for African-American males. It was referring to a Black man working at the railway. They were not referring to young men under 18 or white males of any age. Please learn history before you speak on things that you don't know and try to rationalize it. That was an ugly time in our country. This song reflects it. by BOY on 7/4/2012 10:26am This is reply to "V"'s post: maybe you could look at history yourself, and not very far either--see Wally Jones' post in this thread. I was a white bus boy and then a bar waiter in a country club in the 50's. When the clientele wanted something, they would yell "Boy!" Get the chip off your shoulder and just enjoy the song, or at let the rest of us. by woofdog on 7/31/2012 6:57am this is a nice jazz song in my class some people sing it by Bunkster on 8/22/2012 9:34pm One of the many songs on piano rolls for our old player piano when I was a youngster. A favorite by milo on 9/11/2012 4:38am currently choo chooing bub to sleep by kali on 9/22/2012 3:51am Hi i love this song by firstpoof on 10/28/2012 6:49pm Great to be able to find the lyrics, I won the bet! by SusannahBlue on 11/12/2012 8:44pm I sing this to my two year old grandson while playing with Thomas the Tank Engine. He's the "boy" and he loves it. I love it too. Get past the past and enjoy a cool song. by mikie on 11/16/2012 12:02am going to the cho cho to spend thanksgiving and eat with the Christmas elves on track 29. will see aquarium and rock city and sleep in the train car, WOO woo!Won't you chattanooga cho chop me home! by Peter on 12/18/2012 9:01am I'm 79 now, but this famos song I heard first in Eastern Berlin shortly after the Second World War by AFN, the broadcasting service for the US-groups in Berln! by Davey Locket on 1/15/2013 12:33pm Please refer to the movie "Sun Valley Serenade" starring Glenn Miller himself. You can clearly see that John Payne is singing to a young white shoeshine boy at the train station. While the term "boy" was used in this time period to reference men of color, this was not one of those times. by Missy on 1/23/2013 12:02am The Lee University Festival choir (from right outside of Chattanooga), sang this yesterday right before President Obama's second inauguration ceremony. I don't think they would have been able to sing it if Pres. Obama, or a staff member, hadn't approved it. by Maksim on 2/28/2013 3:20pm People, I was looking for the text of the song and I could not avoid reading the posts, also 5 years old. People, some of you are a little sick if a normal song, 60 years old, even naif, written just to laugh abt something, immediately becomes the object of sociopolitical discussion. Push the default button (it is right behind your right ear), and say to yourselves "what a wondeful world!" by Jeremy on 2/28/2013 4:09pm But what has happened to: "Step aside pardner - it's my day. Lend an ear and listen to my diversion - of a really solid Tennessee excursion." boop -boop-de bop - - - "pardon me boy - etc. And I did watch Capt (it was before his promotion) Glenn Miller conduct his orchestra for a BBC recording in my school Great Hall in 1944. Yes they really did manage over 300 gigs in the 14 months in GB. Now - what band could achive that - - ? by emily on 6/14/2013 10:36pm we had 2 do this song last year in school. i like it :D by '40s Fan on 7/29/2013 3:35pm If "Tex" was a racist white talking down to a black man, would he have said "Pardon me" before the "boy"? I kinda doubt it. by nancy sanders on 9/13/2013 11:22am my granddaughter's class is singing this song at fall school play. She loves this song. So glad schools are bring back songs from my youth. by a.b on 10/3/2013 7:36am singing it in the school choir. didnt like it at the start now that i know it more its easier and more fun to sing by paul D on 10/19/2013 11:56am I love it. best song EVER! by Gosta in Sweden on 11/17/2013 4:12am In th movie, when two black dancers sing, " track tenty-nine by Flute abbey on 11/26/2013 4:30am I love this song it is ok by R will on 12/4/2013 6:30pm Not too bad of a song. by larry boy on 2/12/2014 1:42pm Been around 75 years north south east and west. I have never heard of a shoe shine man or shoe shine girl. Don't care if it's a Rodeo in Texas, an Air Port in California or a pool hall in New Orleans, it's always been shoe shine boy. So get a life revisionist history sucks. by Vera on 4/21/2014 12:38am Beautiful song,never forget... by Veritas on 5/19/2014 4:04am To those who feel the need to see racism in everything-- including this amazing song-- I'm sorry that your life has been so devoid of happiness, achievement, and personal responsibility that you feel the need to make excuses for your and others failings all the time. Get off your crosses, someone needs the wood. And go back to your "affirmative action" jobs/education/welfare/etc�or that unionized job you have with the government as a "Footwear Polishing Civil Engineer" by Mori on 6/6/2014 10:03pm Gosta, you're probably thinking of the Dorothy Dandridge version. Back then, a lot of artists did covers of the same song, with minor changes in the lyrics. by Brij Singh on 8/14/2014 5:20pm Very entertaining song! by Lee on 10/6/2014 6:15pm Our family will be singing this song in a hospital presentation SATB. Very challenging. Didn't realize that many have commented about its racial slur. Nevertheless, it's a great old song. by Chad on 10/31/2014 11:15pm When you grow up 15 miles from Chattanooga, this song can really stir up feelings of home. It really is a great song. Every now and then you get a hankering for swing/big band music. by Marcus on 12/20/2014 7:17pm It was written for Sun Valley Serenade, the movie. It was a white male talking to a white male! I am still LMAO to those who find the fault in it. The Glenn Miller version is sheer genius. by Bruce on 1/5/2015 2:09pm Some people in this country/conversation are really hung up on race. They see everything through the prism of racial overtones. Hate to tell you guys, but when race is the thing you focus on, then you are a racist. Try listening to/enjoying this song without obsessing over race and looking to be offended all the time. by Grace on 1/25/2015 12:30pm We sing this ya choir by Jack on 2/3/2015 3:33pm "Eight to the bar" often just means "really exciting" (like "kick it up a notch"). This very song is a fair illustration: at the beginning and the end ("in the stations"), it's kinda laid back. But in the middle ("on the rails") it's more vigorous ... kicked up a notch ... eight to the bar. The implication that everything's more exciting in Tennessee probably has more to do with the singer's own feelings and plans, than objective reality ;-) by sasha on 3/5/2015 12:30pm Performing this for young musian of the year soham by Billy Boy on 5/22/2015 7:06pm Re the racist comments. I am white, age 92 and was called "Boy" by men in their 30's when I was in my 20's. "Boy" was used because it fit the song. Most shoe shiners were called boy regardless of age, color, religion or previous history. by Kenny boy on 7/8/2015 8:25am in france they call waiters garçon ,this translates to boy.the "boy" can be anything from teenager to pensioner.where is the racism in that.Boy I enjoyed saying that. by MOHAMMED on 7/17/2015 11:57am I KNOW CHOO CHOO by Marie-Claire Hopmans on 8/16/2015 9:03am I was born in 1944, my eldest sister married an English soldier, they left for the U.K. in 1946. She's still alive, her husband died at the age of 90. They had 4 children. We (the other sisters and one brother) knew all the 'war' music of the big bands. Glenn Miller and Dame Vera Lynn still bring tears to my eyes.....and I was only just born ! by Thoko on 10/9/2015 2:55pm I have known about this song since I was 12years of age. I'm now 77rs ld Loved it but never learned all the words till today. Still love it by annemary in Mannheim/Germany on 11/15/2015 6:31am about 70 yars ago I could enjoy the song while being invited to celebrate a birthday with a G.I. at BFV and so happened last night awakening with pains my mind gave me the "chance" thinking about the past and as you can read the singing man and Clen Miller touched my brain and smooths a bit my pains by Will on 7/27/2016 7:40am I can like the song and point out the casual racism at the same time. Historically, the Pullman Porter were Blacks. In that era, people summoned them with a raised hand and "Hey Boy". Much like "Excuse me Waiter". Not saying it was hostile or unfriendly but it was what it was (casual racism). by Will on 7/27/2016 7:47am "Boy" was a racist and patronizing term and that's certainly the context in which it was used. Good song but it's a product of a casually racist era. If you want to pretend it isn't that's on you. I still love the song nonetheless. by Josie on 10/27/2016 8:59am ^_^	29
In which film does Russell Crowe play 'John Nash', a mathematician who worked at MIT and Princeton?	CHATTANOOGA CHOO CHOO CHATTANOOGA CHOO CHOO Pardon me boy, is that the Chattanooga Choo-Choo? Choo-choo, choo-choo. Track twenty-nine ï¿½ the chattanooga choo-choo. And you can gimme a shine ï¿½ the chattanooga, the chattanooga. I can afford to board the Chattanooga Choo-Choo Choo-choo, choo-choo. Iï¿½ve got my fare ï¿½ the chattanooga choo-choo. And just a trifle to spare ï¿½ the chattanooga. You leave the Pennsylvania Station about a quarter to four Read a magazine and then youï¿½re in Baltimore Dinner in the diner, nothing could be finer Than to have your hamï¿½nï¿½eggs in Carolina When you hear the whistle blowing eight to the bar Then you know that Tenessee is not very far Shovel all the coal in, gotta keep ï¿½t rolling Woo woo Chattanooga there you are. Thereï¿½s gonna be a certain party at the station Choo-choo, choo-choo. Satin and lace ï¿½ the chattanooga, choo-choo. I used to call funny face ï¿½ the chattanooga, the chattanooga. Sheï¿½s gonna cry until I tell that Iï¿½ll never roam. So Chattanooga Choo Choo, wonï¿½t you choo choo choo me home. Da-da-da-da... Thereï¿½s gonna be a certain party at the station Satin and lace, we used to call funny face. Weï¿½re gonna cry and weï¿½ll decide this guy will never roam. So, Chattanooga Choo Choo, wonï¿½t you choo choo choo me home. Oh, Chattanooga Choo Choo, wonï¿½t you choo choo choo me home	i don't know
Which sweets were advertised with the slogan '......... made to make your mouth water'?	Sweets (Candy) Sweets (Candy) by • Food & Drink No childhood memories are quite so evocative as those of the sweets (in the UK), candy (in the US) or lollies (in Australia) which were such a big part of our life when growing up. "Who knows the secret of the Black Magic box?", "And all because the lady loves Milk Tray", "The Bounty Hunters - they came in search of paradise" . . . Utter these phrases to your friends the next time you're out for a drink or a meal and see how many hours pass before you run out of sweet memories and wind up lamenting that, although some of these delicacies are still around, alas they are much smaller than they used to be . . . What follows is not meant to be an exhaustive list of every piece of confectionery available in the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s - it is really a recollection of some personal favourites (many of them sadly now gone-but-not-forgotten) and some which have become legend. CHOCOLATE STUFF BLACK MAGIC "Who knows the secret of the Black Magic box?". I do! Get stuck into too many Walnut Whip's and you will too . . . BOUNTY "The Bounty Hunters - they came in search of paradise . . .". Coconut and chocolate bars that offered 'a taste of paradise' . . . and a crafty butchers at scantily-clad birds. Unfortunately the little individual black card trays have gone from the Bounty packets these days . . . but the fact still remains that anything combining chocolate and coconut just can't lose! CABANA Cadbury concoction of the sick-making variety. Coconut, caramel and whole cherries encased in milk chocolate - uuurrgh, no more for me, thanks. Lasted for about a year in the early 80s. CADBURY CREME EGGS CADBURY'S LUCKY NUMBERS CHOCOLITE From the US. A thick chocolate bar with air whipped into it. "Chocolate never tasted thick and light as Chocolite". FLAKE The infamous 70s 'choc-as-phallic-symbol' splendour of "only the crumbliest, flakiest chocolate." FRUIT & NUT "Everyone's a Fwuit and Nut case" FRYS 5 CENTRES Mathematically fascinating (not to mention a mite confusing) in that they had 5 centres (Orange, lemon, lime, raspberry and . . . erm . . . another one) but 7 segments per bar. You could work out which segments would have 2 flavours in and which wouldn't (if you were very sad), and it was always a bit annoying if a flavour you liked got mixed with one you didn't. Fry's Five Centres was discontinued in 1992. FRY'S CHOCOLATE CREAM This is Cadbury's oldest established brand. Hawked by cut price Bond George Lazenby ("Big Fry! Big Fry! Big Fry!!!") with a giant model bar. The Fry's chocolate cream bars in Orange and 'plain' outlasted the classic five-segment Rainbow Bar - a multi fruit flavoured choccy bar (See Above) . British TV ads featured a sophisticated country lady chomping leisurely on her cream bar at an auction before coolly swooping in at the very last moment to buy the . . . erm . . . whatever it was. GALAXY COUNTERS These were button-shaped bits of Galaxy chocolate, and they were delicious, but they stopped selling them on their own for some reason. Now you can only get them in packets of Revels. MATCHMAKERS One word . . . Yummmmmmm! And it always seemed that you still had a full box of the things, even when you would suddenly discover it was "empty" MILK TRAY "And all because the lady loves Milk Tray". The pluckiest man on television was the chap who would leap on to moving trains, swing from a helicopter, even brave the January Sales - ''All because the lady loves Milk Tray''. The actor performing these exploits was Australian model Gary Myers, and initially he did most of the stunts himself, before he became too valuable to risk. He says; "I had to do some pretty hairy things. I was supposed to do the great dive into the Blue Grotto in Malta, but a stunt man had already broken his back doing it. Then there was the time I was supposed to be chased by a wolf, swing across a crevasse and land on a three-foot ledge. The producer decided to bring in a stunt man - he missed the ledge, fell fifty feet and was badly injured". MILK TRAY CHOCOLATE BAR A bizarre choccy bar made up of the most popular Milk Tray chocolates of the time. You had to very carefully break off the one you wanted , making sure you didn't get a bit of Turkish Delight with your Strawberry Cup. MILKY BAR In 1962 a puny, freckle-faced child in NHS spectacles and a cowboy suit strode through a set of saloon doors and yelled "The Milky Bars are on me". MINSTRELS MINTESSA Dual-bar delight from Terry's of York featuring dark chocolate rippled over mint cream with mint crunchy sugary bits throughout. MINT CRACKNEL Chocolate covered shards of mint-flavoured car windshield. TV Adverts had a skiing theme (that was 1970s originality for you. Ice/snow/winter sports etc = any kind of mint choccy bar or toothpaste) and also Noel Edmonds, though possibly not together. OLD JAMAICA Franchised strawberry-flavoured chocolate. Pink coloured with an overbearing, sick-inducing taste. POPPETS REVELS "A box of chocolates in a bag". Or for those with nut allergies, "Russian Roulette in a bag"! ROSES For that Christmas day pig-out! SMARTIES Kids counted their Smarties in 1961 and exclaimed "Wotalotigot"" . . . adding strangely, "Buy some for Lulu" (who wasn't even famous at the time!) TOBLERONE "...and triangular honey from triangular bees..." TREETS Ousted by M&Ms in the 80s. Came in three varieties - peanut (yellow bag), toffee (pale blue bag at some point) and chocolate (brown bag). Near-spherical chocolate/nut/toffee lumps, "sealed in a crispy shell". The "cred" kids version of Poppets and such - very adult-type sweets in little cardboard boxes with a cereal-box-style opening at the top. Could be stored in the inside pocket of your suit without any risk of stains. TURKISH DELIGHT A grown-up chocolate bar that hinted at naughty exoticism. The TV ads featured camels, sheiks, sand and semi-naked veiled women doing a belly-dance. WORLD'S FINEST CHOCOLATE The makers of the chocolate that you schlepped for a buck a bar to raise money for your team, club, band, school and various other geeky organizations. There was usually a coupon for Burger King or somewhere inside the wrapper as an added incentive. YORKIE BISCUITS MASQUERADING AS SWEETS BANDIT Bog-standard wafer biscuit with Bill Oddie 'gringo' advert. "You can't stand it with Bandit/Get your head off the floor/Great big bar Bandit is as big as a door!" Or something. "Oh no, the Federalés are putting it all back!" BAR 6 Similar to Kit-Kats. Rather dull. The kind of confectionery product only ever to be found in workplace vending machines and canteens, along with ("Bridge that gap with...") Cadbury's Snack. BLUE RIBAND As with Bandit, a dull, dull chocolate wafer, this time with Mike "Mr. Spooner" Berry warbling the tuneless song until distressed wife hands equally pissed-off son the bar in question to take to Dad and get him to shut the f*k up. "I got those, can't get enough of those Blue Riband blues/Blue Riband's the milk chocolate wafer biscuit I always choose/When my woman treats me right/She buys me Blue Riband wafer biscuits crisp and light/I got those, can't get enough of those Bluuuuue... oh, thank you!". CLUB BARS "If you Like a lot of chocolate on your biscuit join our club". Wafer = Jack of Clubs; Milk Chocolate = Dark Blue wrapper with a picture of a Golf Ball; Dark Mint = Dark Green wrapper with Mint Leaf; Milk Mint = Lighter green wrapper; Plain = red wrapper . The raisin one had a picture of a bunch of grapes, and I seem to recall that the wrapper was purple. KIT KAT They're still around but the foil has disappeared and plastic wrappers have been introduced instead. Now the joy of embossing the Kit Kat logo into the foil with your thumb before sliding your thumb nail down the crack in the middle to snap the thing in two, is consigned to history . . . TWIX MINTY & FRUITY STUFF BONKERS A chewy fruit candy which had two colours per flavour (an outside colour and a colour hidden underneath). For example, the watermelon flavour was green with pink inside DYNAMINTS An obvious copy of Tic-Tacs, but with the box in a "landscape" orientation. Also in Orange, Cherry, and Grape. FOX'S GLACIER MINTS FRUIT GUMS The original slogan was "Don't forget the Fruit Gums Mum!" but the powers that be forced Rowntree to change the slogan (because of unfair pressure on mums). The marketing department cleverly came up with the alternative "Don't forget the Fruit Gums, chum!". FRUIT PASTELS MURRAY MINTS "The too good to hurry mints". The original Jingle was recorded by The Stargazers. Cliff Adams and the Stargazers once appeared on Sunday Night at the London Palladium and ended their act in bearskins, re-enacting the commercial on the stage. Then they threw packets of Murray Mints to the audience. It caused a sensation. OPAL FRUITS "Made to make your mouth water". Sadly they have now been renamed Starburst. Starburst? What was wrong with #@%# Opal Fruits? OPAL MINTS/PACERS Started off with a spearmint leaf motif on the wrappers as a purely white minty alternative to Opal Fruits (with lots of ice-oriented TV advertising). Then along came a name change and then the green spearmint stripe. The adverts for the new look Pacer featured the old trusty people in white on ice skates suddenly being hit by green, at which point their t-shirts became green and white striped. Tasted like a tube of Colgate toothpaste dissolved in a swimming pool. RUNTS A hard candy that came in banana, orange, strawberry, apple, and lime flavours and were in the shapes of the fruit they represented. SPANGLES Launched in 1948 as "assorted crystal fruits", nothing on earth (and probably in space) ever tasted as weird. "Spangles gives you three kinds of mint to choose from". Soft Centre Ice Mints, Golden Mint and Peppermint. "Suck a Spangle, be happy" TREBOR MINTS "Trebor Mints are a minty bit stronger" (Stick 'em up yer bum and they last a bit longer). CHEWY STUFF AMAZIN' RAISIN BAR Available from 1971 to 1978. Cockney pie and mash type song - "Its amazin' what raisins can do/All that goodness and its all fo' you/You just 'ave ta do what ya gotta do/It's amazin' what raisins can dooooooooo... Oi!" Cadbury concoction of raisins and chewy stuff and rum. Yes, rum! 0% proof. AZTEC Cadbury's incorrect answer to the Mars bar - a simple concept that didn't last. It was a sausage of fudge with peanuts stuck to the outside. The peanuts usually fell off and it had no chocolate in it, which was unusual. TV Adverts were filmed on location on an Aztec pyramid. Available in Britain between 1968 - 1977 BLACKJACKS Aniseed flavoured chews made by Trebor Sharps in Maidstone, Kent. CURLY WURLY A soft, chewy crochet of toffee and chocolate which was advertised by a forty-year-old man (Terry Scott) dressed as a schoolboy. FOREVER YOURS BAR "Let's get it together" . Like a Milky Way with dark, dark chocolate and a white vanilla nougat and caramel. Good, but kind of rich after a while. Revived in 1990 as Milky Way Dark. MARATHON The British Cheggers-fronted TV ads, with their vox pops from cab drivers and the like ("It's nuts, nugget (sic), milk chocolate . . . in between meals it's faaahntastic!") and tempting animated "comes up peanuts - slice after slice" bar cut-up, meant more to the good folk of the UK than any weak double-entendre beginning with 's'. It's not too late to reconsider the name change, you know... MARS BAR "A Mars a day helps you work, rest and play". Yes, but what about the acne and weight problems? MILKY WAY "The sweet you can eat between meals without spoiling your appetite". Cunning marketing ploy guys, but my mum didn't fall for it NOW'N'LATER (banana ones!) These things pull your fillings out (Of course, eating stuff like that will insure that you'll have fillings to begin with!) PICNIC Caramel and nuts (as advertised by Kenny Everett in the 1970s - "Cadbury's Picnic has so many nutty bits it won't stand up on its end! Look!" (cue bar falling over) - repackaged as Lion Bars. See also Rowntree's rival Nutty Bar. SKYBAR A chocolate coated bar with four "compartments", each containing a different flavoured filling; Marshmallow, Peanut butter, Caramel, and Fudge. STRIPER Rowntree-made chewy, striped thing with a different pseudo-fruity flavour in each stripe. "Four times the flavour, four times the chew!" ran the multi-coloured wedding advert. TEXAN The Mighty Chew. "A mans got to chew what a mans got to chew". "Someone should've told him - a Texan takes time a-chewin". Chocolate-covered nougat which you could stretch to the floor whilst still attached to your teeth. Red Indian/Mexican firing squad-baiting TV adverts ("Hold on there, bald eagle! You wouldn't light that fire until I open my Texan Bar, would ya?") are the stuff of legend. TOFFO TURKISH TAFFY You had to smack it on the ground to break it up before you could eat it. WHAM! BARS Long pink chewy things with bits of yellow and green fizzy bits according to flavour. Also the highly addictive Wham! chews. HARD STUFF ANISEED BALLS Much fun was to be had by sucking aniseed balls and then gobbing what appeared to be blood all over the place. BULLS EYES Along with Humbugs, these were every Granddad's favourite. You could crack your denture in half if you tried to do anything other than suck them though! HUMBUGS FIZZELS LOVEHEARTS Sold as being fizzy sweets (tasted like three-day old Dr Pepper) which had cute love messages on them. English girls would send them to David Cassidy and Donny Osmond addressed simply 'America' POP ROCKS "Action Candy" (?) that fizzed in the mouth. The big rumour going around school playgrounds all over the western world at the time was that a combination of Pop Rocks and Coca-Cola was fatal. In the US, urban legend had it that "Mikey", a small child who appeared in commercials for Life cereal, had died after ingesting this combination!. SEE ALSO : Space Dust. REFRESHERS "Refreshing" how exactly? SHERBERT DIP-DABS A bag full of sugar with a cardboard lolly which always got soggy. The bag was yellow and red for normal sherbet and yellow and green for the lemonade version (all bags had a pic of the red lolly dipping into the sherbet). SHERBET FLYING SAUCERS SHERBET FOUNTAINS Minimalist yellow paper tube full of sherbet with one woefully inadequate liquorice stick in the centre as edible 'cutlery'. SHERBET PIPS SPACE DUST Came in orange or strawberry with a picture of the moon on the front of the packet. Space Dust was almost uncontrollable when combined with Pepsi, Cresta or Coca-Cola. Has been known to explode out of the nose and made a right mess. SEE ALSO : Pop Rocks SWIZZLES SWIZZEL'S DOUBLE DIP From the mighty Swizzel/Matlow empire, with patented "Swizzel Stick" and those two kids on the packet. Also gave rise to the Swizzade drinkie offshoot. Free packet given away with Buster comic on the occasion of its merger with Jackpot. ZOTZ "Carmella gusto uva frizzante". An innocent hard candy filled with explode-in-your-mouth alka-seltzer type jizz in the centre. They came in long string-like packaging. They packed a punch, made your eyes water, and were hell if you did them on acid! CHEAP SWEETS MIXED SWEETS Vast banks of penny sweets under the glass counter at the local sweet shop/tobacconist (or high on the shelves behind the shopkeeper); the little white paper bag and the decision of whether to allow the shopkeeper to choose your sweets or to pick your own 'custom' mix. "I'll have one of those . . two of those . . no . . er . . one of those . . . three of those . . no, put one back . . ." DOLLY MIXTURES GOBSTOPPERS/JAWBREAKERS The one sweet that parents were happy to buy their kids - because it did exactly what it claimed to do . . . stopped your gob from speaking/moaning/complaining. Gobstoppers were massive and filled your entire mouth. They couldn't be crunched or chewed because they were just too solid. Which is why Americans called them "Jawbreakers". You can still buy them, but they're not as popular these days - mainly because they are unquestionably a choking hazard. Henry Heimlich introduced his famous manoeuvre in 1974 just as gobstoppers were at the height of their popularity. It doesn't take a genius to make the connection there. JELLY TOTS LUCKY BAGS/JAMBOREE BAGS A smattering of mediocre ha'penny sweets, a fractionally more substantial piece of confectionary, and a few misshapen blobs of brightly coloured plastic (a la Christmas Cracker novelties). Also known as Jamboree bags in some parts of the South of England. PARMA VIOLETS SWEET CIGARETTES Since the 1930s, Sweet Cigarettes had been popular with children. White sticks of candy with a splodge of red at one end. they came in a rough facsimile of a fag packet and even had collectable cigarette-style cards in them. But attitudes to smoking were changing, and by the end of the 1970s, sweet cigarettes became 'candy sticks' and the red tip disappeared. SWEET NECKLACES AND WATCHES Made up of a thin piece of elastic threaded with these rock hard Love Heart type sweets. Excellent weapons when holding the sweet between your teeth and stretching the elastic in a catapult fashion, biting hard and firing at people, cars or low-flying aircraft. SWEET PRAWNS Possibly the most bizarre idea ever - why were these soft pink sweets shaped like prawns? SEE ALSO : Sweet Dentures/False Teeth. BUBBLE GUM/CHEWING GUM BAZOOKA Had a tiny cartoon strip between the wrapper and the gum. There were also things you could buy (like . . . er . . spy cameras?!?). BUBBLE TAPE The original container was like a chewing tobacco canister. Eventually the manufacturer became PC and the tobacco box went and the box was fashioned into a tape dispenser. Originally came in grape, bubble gum, and cherry. Other flavours followed. BUBBLY From Anglo-American Chewing Gum Ltd, Halifax, Yorkshire. (pictured at right). BUBS DADDY Chewing gum that came in a long stick? The smell of the sour apple was enough to make you gag. FRESHEN-UP Chewing gum pieces that had thick liquid gloop in the middle. That wonderful liquid centre ran down your throat. The chewing gum part was pretty second rate, but the gloop was ace. HUBBA BUBBA Bazooka's late entry into the soft bubble gum market. Very short lived. MISCELLANEOUS & BIZARRE Very sweet, pellet-shaped candy in a box. GARBAGE CANDY Sweet-Tart candy in the shapes of pieces of rubbish, all in a plastic garbage can. GUMMI BEARS Stormed the sweet market in the early 80s in assorted colours and flavours. Depending on the brand they were either super soft or rock hard. HANKY PANKY Vaguely breast-shaped sweet popcorn which had Arthur Lowe in the TV ads, sat on a park bench beside a dolly bird indulging in double entendre. "Would you care for a bit of Hanky Panky?" SLAP! "I was only offering you a little nibble!" BIG SLAP!...etc. MELODY POPS Had a picture of a bird on the wrapper. The music was played by moving a stick located in a hollow area of the plastic stick the sucker was attached to while blowing in the top (like a recorder). PEZ Created in 1927 by Austrian, Eduard Haas. It was originally a small candy mint which he named after pfefferminz (the German word for peppermint). The peppermints were stored in a small tin and sold well for more than 20 years as an alternative to cigarettes for people trying to quit smoking. In an effort to boost sales, the first Pez dispensers were introduced in 1948. The original dispensers did not have the trademark heads - These were introduced in 1952. SPANISH GOLD A small rectangular red packet, supposed to resemble an old seafaring type blokes brand of tobacco. Open up the pack and you are greeted with some brown wormy looking stuff that was trying to look like tobacco - not particularly visually appealing to a small child but the taste was sweet as sugar (that would probably have been the sugar) with perhaps a hint of coconut. Oh the taste... VAGUE MEMORIES	Starburst (confectionery)
Who was runner-up in the 2010 Open Golf Championship?	Winspiration - Advertising Slogans Winspiration A-1 makes hamburgers taste like steakburgers Abbey National Access takes the waiting out of wanting Does you does, or does you don't take Access? Acura The True Definition of Luxury. Yours. Adelma Mineral Waters Clearly Canadian Sparkling Mineral Water in Wild Fruit Flavours Alba Dry Milk Skim milk does not come from skinny cows Alka Seltzer I can't believe I ate the whole thing! Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is! Try it, you'll like it Allinson's Bread (1985) Bread wi' nowt taken out Allstate Insurance You're in good hands with Allstate Almaden Grapes, like children, need love and affection Alpo Dog Food Doesn't your dog deserve ALPO? American Airlines (1973) Rest, keep warm and drink liquids Doing what we do best Tobacco is our middle name American Coach Lines If man were meant to fly, God would have lowered the fares American Express Charge Card Don't leave home without it American Home Magazine American Home has an edifice complex American Library Association (1961) A, B, C, D, E, ...Your public library has arranged these in ways that make you cry, giggle, laugh, love, hate, wonder, ponder and understand American Telephone & Telegraph (1982) Reach out and touch someone Amtrak See America at see level Anadin Nothing acts faster than Anadin Andrews Liver Salts Soft, strong and very long Apple Computers The Power to Be Your Best No bottles to break - just hearts Promise her anything, but give her Arpege Charles Atlas You Too Can Have A Body Like Mine AT&T Reach out and touch someone Automobile Association To our members, we're the fourth emergency service Avis Rental Car (1960s) We're number two. We try harder Babycham Things happen after a Badedas bath Bells Scotch Whisky Next to myself, I like BVD best Bank of America (1980) Think what we can do for you Barnum & Bailey Circus The Greatest Show on Earth Bayer Aspirin Worth a guinea a box Beecham's pills make all the difference Benetton The United Colors of Benetton Benson & Hedges Victory won't wait for the nation that's late Birds Eye Frozen Foods Come home to Birds Eye Country Birds Eye Peas (1956) Sweet as the moment when the pod went 'pop' Bisto The ultimate driving machine Warner's Body Bra Do you want a shape like a bra? Or do you want a shape like a woman? Bonded Tobacco Company Making smoking 'safe' for smokers Borden Inc If it's Borden's, it's got to be good Bounty candy bar Bounty - the taste of paradise Bournvita (night drink, 1960s) When you've got it, flaunt it British Airways We'll take more care of you British Army We never forget you have a choice British Egg Marketing Board Go to work on an egg You can rely on the lion There is a lion on my egg Was there a lion on your egg this morning? British Gas Don't you just love being in control? British Rail Let the train take the strain This is the age of the train We're getting there Make someone happy with a phone call Britvic Britvic - simply the best there is Bromo-Seltzer If you keep late hours for Society's sake, Bromo-Seltzer will cure that headache Brooke Bond Dividend Tea (1930s) Spend wisely - save wisely A little dab'll do ya Budweiser Beer When you say Budweiser, you've said it all Where there's life, there's Bud Buick Today the discriminating family finds it absolutely necessary to own two or more motor cars Wouldn't you really rather have a Buick? It makes you feel like the man you are When better automobiles are built, Buick will build them Bulova Watches Equal Pay, Equal Time The mainspring in a Bulova is made to last 256 years or 146 leather straps - whichever comes first Burger King We do it your way Burger King - the home of the Whopper It takes two hands to hold a Whopper Burma Shave Shaving Cream So creamy it's almost fattening Burma Sauce The only 'sauce' I dare give Father Busch Beer A glass and a half in every half pound Cadbury's Drinking Chocolate Hot chocolate, drinking chocolate - the late, late drink Cadbury's Milk Tray And all because the lady loves Milk Tray Cadbury's Flake Everyone's a Cadbury's Fruit and Nut Case Cadbury's Roses Bridge that gap with Cadbury's Snack Cadillac Click here for Cadillac slogans Calvin Klein Jeans Nothing comes between me and my Calvins Canada Dry Tonics and Mixers Emigrate to Canada Dry (for the sake of your Scotch) You are in a Beauty Contest Every Day of your Life You'll look a little lovelier each day, with fabulous pink Camay Perfume worth 9 guineas an ounce Camel Cigarettes I'd walk a mile for a Camel For Digestion's Sake - Smoke Camels Camel - where a man belongs Campari The first time is never the best Campbell's Condensed Soup Drink Camp - its the best! Don't be misled!!! I bet he drinks Carling Black Label Carlsberg Probably the best lager in the World Carlton Cigarettes If you smoke, please smoke Carlton Carnation Milk Now they whisper to her ... not about her Castlemaine XXXX Lager (1986) Australians wouldn't give a XXXX for anything else Castrol Motor Oil Castrol - liquid engineering Central Park Zoo Come to the Central Park Zoo Cafeteria. Let the animals watch you eat for a change Cerebos salt See the USA in a Chevrolet The road isn't built that can make it breathe hard! Eye it - try it - buy it! Chivas Regal Scotch Isn't that a lot for a bottle of Scotch? Yes Are your friends living beyond your means? Cinzano If enough people would stop smoking and start drinking, we could get out of ashtrays and into vermouth Does she or doesn't she? If I've only one life, let me live it as a blonde! Club Med Resorts Vacation is a world where there are no locks on the doors or the mind or the body Coal Board Come home to a real fire Coca Cola Click here for Coca Cola slogans Colgate Toothpaste (1945) It cleans your breath while it cleans your teeth Colgate Toothpaste (1967) The Colgate ring of confidence Colman's Mustard (1979) C'mon Colman's, light my fire Comfort fabric conditioner Softness is a thing called Comfort Commercial Union We won't make a drama out of a crisis Communist party, Soviet Union Toilers in Agriculture! Strengthen the fodder basis of animal husbandry! Raise the production and sale to the state of meat, milk, eggs, wool and other products! Compaq Has it changed your life yet? Consulate Cigarettes Cool as a mountain stream The Good Gets Better With Golden Flake The Favorite Chip of The S.E.C. One Taste And Your Stuck On Golden Flake The Crispiest Chip In The South Golden Flake...It's Where You Find The Flavor Goodyear Tyres The best tyres in the world have Goodyear written all over them I'm convinced the Goodyear Grand Prix-S is a major contribution to road safety Out front. Pulling away. No wonder the English have kept cool for 192 years It's got to be Gordon's Grape-Nuts Flakes Cereal Roar, Boys, Roar, It tastes like more, What a flavor, Zippity-zow - its grand - and HOW Guinness I feel like a Guinness - I wish you were Guinness is Good for You Lipton's gets into more hot water than anything Listerine Mouthwash Often a bridesmaid - but never a bride. Even your best friends won't tell you Her Honeymoon - and it should have been mine! The taste you love to hate (twice a day) Stops halitosis! Air Power is Peace Power - Lockheed Lucent Technologies We make things that make communications work Lucky Strike Cigarettes Do you inhale? Of course you do! Lucky Strike has dared to raise this vital question because certain impurities concealed in even the finest, mildest tobacco leaves are removed by Luckies' famous purifying process Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet No throat irritation - no cough Where was Moses When the Lights Went Out? - Groping for a pack of Meccas Meow Mix Cat food Tastes so good cats ask for it by name Mexican Brewery The beer that made Milwaukee jealous ... Microsoft Where do you want to go today? Midland Bank Come and talk to the listening bank Together we make a great team Miller Beer No matter what what's-his-name says, I'm the prettiest and Lite's the greatest Milky Way The sweet you can eat between meals (without ruining your appetite) Mohara Suits Only 1 out of 25 men is color blind. The other 24 just dress that way Morton Salt (US 1911) When it rains, it pours Mum Deodorant Has your girl turned into a refrigerator? If her air is arctic, try ... MUM Murray Mints All the news that's fit to print NYSE The world puts its stock in us Nike Shoes If it feels good then just do it 9 Lives Cat Food The cat who doesn't act finicky soon loses control of his owner Old Gold Cigarettes We're tobacco men ... not medicine men. Old Gold cures just one thing. The World's Best Tobacco Not a cough in a carload Old Spice The thrill of Roses Spiced with excitement Speaking of love Omo washing powder Omo adds brightness to whiteness Orange mobile phones The future's bright, the future's Orange Opal Fruits Opal Fruits - made to make your mouth water Orlon Fabric Dancing pleats that won't sit out Oxo Oxo gives a meal man-appeal PAL dog food Give your baby something you never had as a baby. A drier bottom Pan-American Coffee Bureau (1961) Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong Pan-Am World Airways Live today. Tomorrow will cost more Panasonic Just slightly ahead of our time Paul Masson Wines We will sell no wine before its time Pearline washing powder (1896) Pearline keeps white things white and bright women bright Pears' Soap Cleanliness is next to Godliness Good Morning! Have you used Pears' soap? How do you spell soap? Why P-E-A-R-S, of course Preparing to be a beautiful lady Since when I have used no other Pedigree Chum Dog food All you add is love Red Cross (1961) The greatest tragedy is indifference Road Safety (UK, 1960s) You know it makes sense Clunk click every trip Rolls Royce At sixty miles an hour the loudest noise in the new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock Rowntree's Fruit Gums Don't forget the fruit gums, Mum Royal Crown Cola Click here for Royal Crown Cola Safeway Supermarkets Everything you want from a store and a little bit more Sara Lee Food Products Nobody doesn't like ... Sara Lee Schlitz Beer Schlitz ... the beer that made Milwaukee famous Schweppes mixer drinks What is the secret of Schhh Schweppervescence lasts the whole drink through Tonic water by you know who Seagram's Gin (1961) Dryest gin in town. Ask any Martini Senior Service cigarettes A product of the master mind Senior Service satisfy Takes the 'ouch' out of grouch The priceless ingredient of every product is the honor and integrity of its maker For years we've been making our products as if lives depend on them Steinway Pianos (1928) Steinway: the instrument of the immortals Stetson (1930s) Step out with a Stetson Stork Margarine Can you tell Stork from butter? Subaru The beauty of all wheel drive Sunblest Bread Fresh to the last slice Sunday Times Sunday isn't Sunday without the Sunday Times The Sunday Times is the Sunday papers Sun Microsystems We put the . in dot.com Surf Washing Powder Hold it up to the light, not a stain and shining light Swan Vesta matches Smokers are requested to use Swan Vestas The smoker's match	i don't know
Which other US President died on July 4th 1826, the same day as John Adams?	Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die - Jul 04, 1826 - HISTORY.com An unlikely pair whose tumultuous friendship lasted half a century, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both died on July 4, 1826, 50 years after signing the Declaration of Independence. Presidential Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die Share this: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die Author Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1826, former Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, who were once fellow Patriots and then adversaries, die on the same day within five hours of each other. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were the last surviving members of the original American revolutionaries who had stood up to the British empire and forged a new political system in the former colonies. However, while they both believed in democracy and life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, their opinions on how to achieve these ideals diverged over time. Adams preceded Jefferson as president (1797-1800); it was during this time that their ideas about policy-making became as distinct as their personalities. The irascible and hot-tempered Adams was a firm believer in a strong centralized government, while the erudite and gentile Jefferson believed federal government should take a more hands-off approach and defer to individual states’ rights. As Adams’ vice president, Jefferson was so horrified by what he considered to be Adams’ abuse of the presidency–particularly his passage of the restrictive Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798–that he abandoned Adams and Washington for his estate at Monticello. There, he plotted how to bring his Republican faction back into power in the presidential election of 1800. After an exceptionally bitter campaign, in which both parties engaged in slanderous attacks on each other in print, Jefferson emerged victorious. It appeared the former friends would be eternal enemies. After serving two presidential terms (1801-1809), Jefferson and Adams each expressed to third parties their respect the other and their desire to renew their friendship. Adams was the first to break the silence; he sent Jefferson a letter dated January 1, 1812, in which he wished Jefferson many happy new years to come. Jefferson responded with a note in which he fondly recalled when they were fellow laborers in the same cause. The former revolutionaries went on to resume their friendship over 14 years of correspondence during their golden years. On July 4, 1826, at the age of 90, Adams lay on his deathbed while the country celebrated Independence Day. His last words were Thomas Jefferson still survives. He was mistaken: Jefferson had died five hours earlier at Monticello at the age of 82. Related Videos	Thomas Jefferson
Which ITV series was set in the fictional town of 'Skelthwaite'?	44 Curious Facts About US Presidents - Listverse 44 Curious Facts About US Presidents LordZB October 24, 2012 There have been 43 presidents (with one serving a second term after a lost term) of the United States. Some have been memorable, others forgettable (See the Simpsons’ song about mediocre presidents). Each of them has been very human however with all the foibles and eccentricities that entails. Here are some of the strange or lesser known facts about the US Presidents. 11 Presidents 1 – 4 1. George Washington – Thinking that shaking hands was beneath the dignity of the President, Washington preferred to bow to greet guests. To avoid being forced into a handshake he would place one hand on his sword and hold his hat in the other. 2. John Adams – Adams, the second President, and Jefferson, the third, both died on the same day, July 4th 1826, exactly fifty years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Adam’s last words, probably apocryphal, are said to be ‘Jefferson survives,’ when in fact Jefferson had died hours earlier. 3. Thomas Jefferson – While a famous writer, the chief composer of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson hated public speaking and avoided giving speeches. Jefferson started the tradition of delivering written State of the Union statements, which lasted until the 20th century. 4. James Madison – Madison was the slightest President. Standing at five feet four inches and weighing less than 100lbs you would need three-and-a-half Madisons to make up a Taft, the heaviest President. 10 Presidents 5 – 8 5. James Monroe – In his re-election, Monroe ran unopposed for the Presidency. He failed to receive all the votes in the electoral college however when a rogue member cast his ballot for John Quincy Adams. 6. John Quincy Adams – Adams was fond of swimming naked in the Potomac. When an intrepid female reporter wished to get an interview with the President she stole his clothes until he agreed to an interview. 7. Andrew Jackson – Jackson was a noted duelist. When a man impugned Jackson’s wife they dueled. The man shot Jackson over the heart. Jackson cooly took aim and killed the man . It was too risky to remove the bullet and so it remained in Jackson for the rest of his life. 8. Martin Van Buren – Van Buren’s first language was not English, he was raised speaking Dutch. 9 Presidents 9 – 12 9. William Henry Harrison – Delivered the longest inaugural address and had the shortest Presidency. His long speech in bad weather led to him developing a cold which worsened and caused his death after a month in office. 10. John Tyler – Tyler was the first Vice-President to assume office after the death of a President in office. He had the most children of any President, 15. 11. James Polk – Polk was elected on a promise not to run for a second term in office. 12. Zachary Taylor – Died from contracting cholera from a bowl of cherries washed down with iced milk. 8 Presidents 13 – 16 13. Millard Fillmore – Fillmore refused an honorary degree from the University of Oxford on the basis that he was not classically educated and so could not read the diploma, written in Latin. He said “no man should accept a degree he cannot read.” 14. Franklin Pierce – While President, Pierce was arrested for running over an old woman with his horse. 15. James Buchanan – Often rated the worst President when historians are polled. His Presidency included the secession of seven states and a major depression. Some historians believe that Buchanan was the first gay US President, he was certainly the only one to be unwed for the duration of his term of office. 16. Abraham Lincoln – Lincoln was a notably ugly man in photos but people who met him described his face as intelligent and handsome in motion. The first President to wear a beard he grew it at the suggestion of a young girl, Grace Bedell, who wrote to him. 7 Presidents 17 – 20 17. Andrew Johnson – Was drunk at Lincoln’s second inauguration. The event was described by a senator as follows. “The inauguration went off very well except that the Vice President Elect was too drunk to perform his duties & disgraced himself & the Senate by making a drunken foolish speech. I was never so mortified in my life, had I been able to find a hole I would have dropped through it out of sight.” 18. Ulysses S. Grant – Gained a reputation for drinking heavily while still a young man. When President Lincoln was warned about Grant’s drinking habits during the civil war he is supposed to have responded “If it makes fighting men like Grant, then find out what he drinks, and send my other commanders a case!” 19. Rutherford Hayes – The only President to be elected via a special congressional committee which ruled on various ballots contested during the election. His election is still contested by historians. 20. James Garfield – Could write Latin with his left hand whilst simultaneously writing Greek with his right. 6 Presidents 21 – 24 21. Chester A. Arthur – Sold off all the furniture in the White House before moving in. Lots of it dated back to the construction of the White House and any such pieces would be hugely valuable today. 22. Grover Cleveland – As well as being the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms Cleveland was a fan of the telephone and would personally answer the White House phone. 23. Benjamin Harrison – While in office Harrison had electricity installed in the White House. Unfortunately he and his wife were terrified of it and would not touch switches for fear of electrocution and often slept with the lights on. 24. Grover Cleveland – The First Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland was the only President to leave the White House and return for a second term four years later. 5 Presidents 25 – 28 25. William McKinley – McKinley was the first president to appear on motion picture. It can be viewed on youtube here . 26. Theodore Roosevelt – Theodore Roosevelt was the first American to win a Nobel Prize, the first President to leave the country while in office, and the first to fly in an airplane. 27. William Howard Taft – Taft is best known for being the fattest President but he also holds a sporting title. He was the first President to cast the opening pitch of a baseball season. 28. Woodrow Wilson – Wilson was the best educated President, the only one to hold a PhD, and yet he did not learn to read until he was eleven. 4 Presidents 29 – 32 29. Warren Harding – Was so fond of cards that his cabinet was known as the ‘Poker Cabinet’ because they all played together. At his poker parties alcohol, illegal during prohibition, would flow freely. 30. Calvin Coolidge – Coolidge was a man of very few words and so became known as Silent Cal. He was so taciturn that when Dorothy Parker was told he had died she replied ‘How could they tell?’ 31. Herbert Hoover – Hoover and his wife spoke fluent Mandarin Chinese. When they did not wish to be overheard they would speak Mandarin. 32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt – FDR’s wife was also a Roosevelt and so did not have to change her name on marriage. At their wedding the bride was given away by President Theodore Roosevelt. 3 Presidents 33 – 36 33. Harry S. Truman – Like the ‘S’ in Ulysses Grant’s name the S in Truman’s name meant nothing. It was only ever an S as a way of mollifying both grandfathers whose names began with S. 34. Dwight Eisenhower – Eisenhower installed the putting green at the White House. When squirrels were ruining the grass he had them removed from the gardens. 35. John F. Kennedy – When his ship was sunk in World War II, Kennedy swam 3.5 miles pulling a wounded crewman by a strap held in his teeth. 36. Lyndon Johnson – Johnson loved the drink Fresca so much that he had a fountain of it installed in the White House. 2 Presidents 37 – 40 37. Richard Nixon – Nixon so enjoyed bowling that he had the White House pool replaced with a bowling lane. 38. Gerald Ford – Ford was the only President never elected to either the Presidency or the Vice-Presidency, he was appointed by Richard Nixon as his Vice-President and assumed the Presidency after Nixon’s resignation. 39. Jimmy Carter – As a young man, Carter shot his sister with a BB gun in retaliation for her throwing a wrench at him. 40. Ronald Reagan – The blueberry flavor Jelly Belly bean was created for Reagan’s inauguration since he was a great fan of the sweets. A portrait of the President made of jelly beans hangs in his library. 1 Presidents 41 – 44 41. George H. W. Bush – While visiting Japan, Bush vomited at a banquet hosted by the Japanese prime minister. The event coined a new Japanese phrase ‘Bushusuru,’ literally ‘to do the Bush-thing.’ 42. Bill Clinton – While in high school Clinton was a member of a jazz quartet who played in dark glasses. They called themselves the Three Blind Mice. 43. George W. Bush – Bush is the President with both the highest and lowest recorded approval ratings. They peaked after 9/11 and slumped after hurricane Katrina. 44. Barack Obama – President Obama is a well-known nerd who collects comic books. When Nichelle Nichols, Uhura from Star Trek, visited the White House Obama made the Vulcan salute in greeting. More Great Lists	i don't know
Who won the Eurovision Song Contest with 'What's Another Year'?	Ireland 1980 - Johnny Logan - Whats another Year - YouTube Ireland 1980 - Johnny Logan - Whats another Year Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 27, 2009 Johnny Logan won The Eurovision Song Contest for the first time in 1980 with this song 'What's Another Year' . This is his performance from the 1980 Irish National Final Category	Johnny Logan
What colour is the pentagram on the flag of Morocco?	Eurovision 1980 - Johnny Logan - What's another year - YouTube Eurovision 1980 - Johnny Logan - What's another year Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 26, 2008 Eurovision 1980 - Johnny Logan - What's another year Category	i don't know
In the Dewey Decimal Classification, what is the first number for books on art?	DDC 22 Summaries You may also download the PDF. History and Current Use The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system is a general knowledge organization tool that is continuously revised to keep pace with knowledge. The system was conceived by Melvil Dewey in 1873 and was first published in 1876. The DDC is published by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. OCLC owns all copyright rights in the Dewey Decimal Classification, and licenses the system for a variety of uses. The DDC is the most widely used classification system in the world. Libraries in more than 135 countries use the DDC to organize and provide access to their collections, and DDC numbers are featured in the national bibliographies of more than 60 countries. Libraries of every type apply Dewey numbers on a daily basis and share these numbers through a variety of means (including WorldCat®, the OCLC Online Union Catalog). Dewey is also used for other purposes, e.g., as a browsing mechanism for resources on the Web. The DDC has been translated into more than 30 languages. Translations of the latest full and abridged editions of the DDC are completed, planned or underway in Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Russian, Spanish and Vietnamese. Development One of Dewey's great strengths is that the system is developed and maintained in a national bibliographic agency, the Library of Congress. The Dewey editorial office is located in the Decimal Classification Division of the Library of Congress, where classification specialists annually assign over 110,000 DDC numbers to records for works cataloged by the Library. Having the editorial office within the Decimal Classification Division enables the editors to detect trends in the literature that must be incorporated into the Classification. The editors prepare proposed schedule revisions and expansions and forward the proposals to the Dewey Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee (EPC) for review and recommended action. The EPC is a ten-member international board whose main function is to advise the editors and OCLC on matters relating to changes, innovations and the general development of the Classification. EPC represents the interests of DDC users; its members come from national, public, special and academic libraries and from library schools. Editions The DDC is published in full and abridged editions in print and electronic versions. The abridged edition is a logical truncation of the notational and structural hierarchy of the corresponding full edition on which it is based, and it is intended for general collections of 20,000 titles or fewer. WebDewey® and Abridged WebDewey, the electronic versions of the full and abridged editions, respectively, are updated frequently and contain additional index entries and mapped vocabulary. The electronic versions and supplemental Web postings are the chief sources of ongoing updates to the DDC. On the Dewey website , selected new numbers and changes to the DDC are posted monthly. Structure and Notation The DDC is built on sound principles that make it ideal as a general knowledge organization tool: meaningful notation in universally recognized Arabic numerals, well-defined categories, well-developed hierarchies and a rich network of relationships among topics. In the DDC, basic classes are organized by disciplines or fields of study. At the broadest level, the DDC is divided into ten main classes, which together cover the entire world of knowledge. Each main class is further divided into ten divisions, and each division into ten sections (not all the numbers for the divisions and sections have been used). The main structure of the DDC is presented in the DDC Summaries following this introduction. The headings associated with the numbers in the summaries have been edited for browsing purposes and do not necessarily match the complete headings found in the schedules. The first summary contains the ten main classes. The first digit in each three-digit number represents the main class. For example, 600 represents technology. The second summary contains the hundred divisions. The second digit in each three-digit number indicates the division. For example, 600 is used for general works on technology, 610 for medicine and health, 620 for engineering and 630 for agriculture. The third summary contains the thousand sections. The third digit in each three-digit number indicates the section. Thus, 610 is used for general works on medicine and health, 611 for human anatomy, 612 for human physiology and 613 for personal health and safety. Arabic numerals are used to represent each class in the DDC. A decimal point follows the third digit in a class number, after which division by ten continues to the specific degree of classification needed. A subject may appear in more than one discipline. For example, "clothing" has aspects that fall under several disciplines. The psychological influence of clothing belongs in 155.95 as part of the discipline of psychology; customs associated with clothing belong in 391 as part of the discipline of customs; and clothing in the sense of fashion design belongs in 746.92 as part of the discipline of the arts. Hierarchy Hierarchy in the DDC is expressed through structure and notation. Structural hierarchy means that all topics (aside from the ten main classes) are part of all the broader topics above them. Any note regarding the nature of a class holds true for all the subordinate classes, including logically subordinate topics classed at coordinate numbers. Notational hierarchy is expressed by length of notation. Numbers at any given level are usually subordinate to a class whose notation is one digit shorter; coordinate with a class whose notation has the same number of significant digits; and superordinate to a class with numbers one or more digits longer. The underlined digits in the following example demonstrate this notational hierarchy: 600 Technology 630 Agriculture and related technologies 636 Animal husbandry 636.7 Dogs 636.8 Cats "Dogs" and "Cats" are more specific than (i.e., are subordinate to) "Animal husbandry," they are equally specific as (i.e., are coordinate with) each other, and "Animal husbandry" is less specific than (i.e., is superordinate to) "Dogs" and "Cats." Sometimes, other devices must be used to express the hierarchy when it is not possible or desirable to do so through the notation. Special headings, notes and entries indicate relationships among topics that violate notational hierarchy. Arrangement of the DDC The print version of the DDC, Edition 22, is composed of the following major parts in four volumes: Volume 1 (A) New features in Edition 22: a brief explanation of the special features and changes in DDC 22 (B) Introduction: a description of the DDC and how to use it (C) Glossary: short definitions of terms used in the DDC (D) Index to the Introduction and Glossary (E) Manual: a guide to the use of the DDC that is made up primarily of extended discussions of problem areas in the application of the DDC, arranged by the numbers in the tables and schedules (F) Tables: six numbered tables of notation that can be added to class numbers to provide greater specificity (G) Lists that compare Editions 21 and 22: Relocations and Discontinuations; Reused Numbers (H) DDC Summaries: the top three levels of the DDC (I) Schedules: the organization of knowledge from 000–599 Volume 3 (J) Schedules: the organization of knowledge from 600–999 Volume 4 (K) Relative Index: an alphabetical list of subjects with the disciplines in which they are treated subarranged alphabetically under each entry Entries Entries in the schedules and tables are composed of a DDC number in the number column (the column at the left margin), a heading describing the class that the number represents and often one or more notes. All entries (numbers, headings and notes) should be read in the context of the hierarchy. In the print version of the DDC, the first three digits of schedule numbers (main classes, divisions, sections) appear only once in the number column, when first used. They are repeated at the top of each page where their subdivisions continue. Subordinate numbers appear in the number column, beginning with a decimal point, with the initial three digits understood. Some numbers in the schedules and tables are enclosed in parentheses or square brackets. Numbers and notes in parentheses provide options to standard practice. Numbers in square brackets represent topics that have been relocated or discontinued, or are unassigned. Square brackets are also used for standard subdivision concepts that are represented in another location. Numbers in square brackets are never used. Number Building Only a fraction of potential DDC numbers are included in the schedules. It is often necessary to build or synthesize a number that is not specifically listed in the schedules. Such built numbers allow for greater depth of content analysis. There are four sources of notation for building numbers: (A) Table 1 Standard Subdivisions, (B) Tables 2–6, (C) other parts of the schedules and (D) add tables in the schedules. Number building is initiated only upon instructions in the schedules (except for the addition of standard subdivisions, which may take place anywhere unless there is an instruction to the contrary). Number building begins with a base number (always stated in the instruction note) to which another number is added. More Information The Dewey website contains up-to-date information about the DDC, DDC products and services and DDC licensing. For more information about the structure and application of the Dewey Decimal Classification system, consult the introduction in Volume 1 of DDC 22 (also available online in WebDewey and on the Dewey website). A more in-depth introduction to Dewey Decimal Classification may be found in Dewey Decimal Classification: Principles and Application, 3d ed., by Lois Mai Chan and Joan S. Mitchell (Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 2003). Summaries	seven
'Stormbreaker' is the first in a series of novels by Anthony Horowitz about which teenage spy?	Frequently Asked Reference Questions 813.54 M37 2007 Edition date Patrons of ipl2 often ask us for help when they want to organize their libraries using Dewey Classification numbers, or need to find Dewey numbers for books they want to add to an existing collection. Unfortunately, the DDC is a proprietary system, currently published by the Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) which does not make a complete listing of DDC available online for free. Small libraries may find that the level of detail provided by the free online resources is sufficient to meet their needs. Larger libraries will probably find that they need to buy a new or used copy of the multi-volume DDC or subscribe to WebDewey, OCLC’s commercial product, in order to organize their collections effectively. The Dewey Decimal Classification Home Page provides information about the products available for purchase or subscription. Dewey Decimal Classification summaries: down to the third level (section) for free: https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/dewey/versions/print/intro.pdf You may also want to try out the Dewey Browser Beta (OCLC), which allows you to search or browse millions of records from OCLC's WorldCat database. DDC summaries down to the third level are provided as browsing links and for each result. Click the DDC number in a result to see them. http://deweybrowser.oclc.org/ddcbrowser2/ Another great resource is Classify: an experimental classification web service (OCLC): Enter a title, author, OCLC number, UPC, or ISSN and it will retrieve summary information from Web Dewey (DDC commercial site) and Classify Web (LCC commercial site) displaying the most frequent call numbers for the item in both DDC and LCC format. http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?swid=035637695 Library of Congress Classification (LCC) The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is the system of classification used in most research and university libraries in the United States. LCC was created in 1891 specifically to meet the needs of the Library of Congress collection. It is based on twenty-one classes designated by a single letter. These are divided into subclasses that add one or two letters to the initial class. Topics within the subclasses are assigned whole numbers which can be expanded into decimals to identify more specific areas of the topic. This is followed by an alphanumeric author identifier which may be followed by publishing date and other details to produce a unique call number for the item. As with DDC, depending on the level of specificity needed, the call numbers can get fairly long. Example: PR9199.3.M3855 L54 2007 c.2 Decoding Library of Congress Call Numbers Class PR9199.3.M3855 L54 2007 c.2 Additional details about the item Effective July 1, 2013, the Library of Congress discontinued print publication of its classification system. ( Press release announcing the change .) Due to reduced demand, LC decided to transition to web-only publication of its cataloging documentation. Going forward, LCC subject headings, classification schedules and other cataloging publications will be released as downloadable pdf files free of charge from the Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access Directorate website . The Library of Congress will continue to offer two web-based subscription products that provide a higher level of functionality for institutions requiring more assistance cataloging their collections. Details and pricing for the paid versions, Cataloger’s Desktop and Classification Web, are available through LC’s Cataloging Distribution Service . Library of Congress Classification PDF Files: List of currently available, free classification schedules which should be updated as the conversion from print to web continues. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdh3O5PdEiw As mentioned in the DDC section, a helpful cataloging resource is Classify: Enter a title, author, OCLC number, UPC, or ISSN and it retrieves summary information from Web Dewey and Classify Web displaying the most frequent call numbers for the item in both DDC and LCC format. http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) The Library of Congress Classification system (LCC) should not be confused with the Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) system. The LCCN is a unique identification number assigned by the Library of Congress to the catalog record of each book, and some authors, in its cataloged collections. The number has nothing to do with the contents of the book, its sole purpose is to identify the individual record to facilitate sharing of records with other libraries. LCCN has been operating since 1898, originally as the Library of Congress Card Number since the bibliographic data was stored on physical cards. Today’s LCCN includes a LCCN Permalink, a persistent URL addresses for each record to facilitate centralized cataloging in the online environment. Example: LCCN 2010549727 and LCCN Permalink http://lccn.loc.gov/2007281064 OCLC Number (WorldCat) WorldCat is the world’s largest online public access catalog (OPAC). It holds millions of records from public and private libraries around the world, serving as a powerful resource for locating and cataloging material. All catalog records from member libraries that are submitted to OCLC are given a unique accession number. These individual records are compared with other holdings to eliminate duplication. If the item is original, it becomes the master record. If not, it is associated with the master record number for that item. This number, the master record number, is displayed in the record listing, not the DDC or LCCN numbers that accompanied the original local bibliographic records. OCLC and WorldCat are beyond the scope of this guide, but knowing where to find the OCLC number in a WorldCat record can help you retrieve the most common DDC and LCC call numbers using Classify . Example: OCLC 154690024 International Standard Book Number (ISBN) The ISBN is a 13-digit, or 10-digit (pre-2007), number used to uniquely identify books and similar material published internationally since 1970. Most books published after 1975 have been assigned an ISBN; those published after 1985 will likely have a barcode with the ISBN on the back cover. The ISBN is composed of: location identifier, publisher identifier, title identifier, and ending with a single-digit checksum; the 13-digit ISBN added a 3-digit prefix. The number does not convey any information about the book’s subject or author that could help with shelving or locating related material. The ISBN can, however, be used to locate collection items in WorldCat, Amazon, and other online sources of bibliographic data. Examples: ISBN 0-151-01383-7 and ISBN 978-0-151-01383-8 International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) The ISSN is an 8-digit number divided by a hyphen used to uniquely identify periodical publications internationally. There are actually two types: p-ISSN is for print periodicals and e-ISSN/eISSN for electronic periodicals. The ISSN identifies a specific magazine title only, not an individual issue, publisher or location. For this reason, a specific issue of a periodical may have both an ISSN and ISBN. Example: ISSN 0009-7675 Additional Resources http://www.questionpoint.org/crs/html/help/pl/ask/ask_map_lcctoddc.html WorldCat’s Expert Search: WorldCat allows users to specify which field(s) to search, including Dewey and LC call number fields, by adding a prefix index label to the search query. Example: dd:813.54M or lc:PR9199 where dd: signifies a search for the Dewey call number 813.54M, and lc: searches for the LC call number PR9199. Other prefixes include: bn: for ISBN, sn: for ISSN, and nl: for an LC Control Number. The is a useful way to check your cataloging. Details on the index labels available: https://www.oclc.org/support/services/firstsearch/documentation/dbdetails/details/WorldCat.en.html Library of Congress Cutter Table: The Cutter table is used to create a unique alphanumeric code identifying the author for use in differentiating similar items in a collection. It is typically a single letter followed by a 2- to 4-digit number, depending on which Cutter Table is used and the specificity required. Some LCC call numbers include a cutter for the author and one or more to further specify the subject. These are used in both DDC and LCC call numbers.	i don't know
What is the name of the National Anthem of New Zealand?	New Zealand National Anthem New Zealand National Anthem New Zealand National Anthem God Defend New Zealand Thomas Bracken wrote his poem in the early 1870s, and offered a prize of 10 guineas for the best musical setting. This was won by Otago schoolteacher John Joseph Woods. In 1940, on the recommendation of the NZ Centennial Council, the Government declared God Defend New Zealand to be the National Hymn, and bought the copyright. In 1977, with the Queen's consent, God Defend New Zealand was given equal status with God Save the Queen as one of New Zealand's national anthems. To hear the New Zealand National Anthem... God of nations! at Thy feet In the bonds of love we meet, Hear our voices, we entreat, God defend our Free Land. Guard Pacific's triple star, From the shafts of strife and war, Make her praises heard afar, God defend New Zealand Men of ev'ry creed and race Gather here before Thy face, Asking Thee to bless this place, God defend our Free Land. From dissension, envy, hate, And corruption guard our State, Make our country good and great, God defend New Zealand. Peace, not war, shall be our boast, But, should foes assail our coast, Make us then a mighty host, God defend our Free Land. Lord of battles in thy might, Put our enemies to flight, Let our cause be just and right, God defend New Zealand. Let our love for Thee increase, May Thy blessings never cease, Give us plenty, give us peace, God defend our Free Land. From dishonour and from shame Guard our country's spotless name Crown her with immortal fame, God defend New Zealand. May our mountains ever be Freedom's ramparts on the sea, Make us faithful unto Thee, God defend our Free Land. Guide her in the nations' van, Preaching love and truth to man, Working out Thy Glorious plan, God defend New Zealand.	God Defend New Zealand
Who played womaniser 'Michael James' in the 1965 film 'What's new Pussycat'?	National Anthem of New Zealand National Anthem of New Zealand New Zealand has two national anthems: "God Save the Queen" and "God Defend New Zealand". "God Save the Queen" would normally only be played when a member of the Royal Family or the New Zealand governor-general is present. In all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" should be played. New Zealand (God Save the Queen) The music files on this website are intended for official use by Department of Defense and U.S. government offices only. Exceptions to this policy will be considered on a case-by-case basis. PLEASE NOTE Foreign national anthems are subject to change without notice, therefore all foreign National Anthems must be verified for accuracy by the Navy Band CD Library prior to use. Please allow three weeks for this verification process. Proper use of the materials found on this website is the sole responsibility of the end user. For requests or comments on this site please contact Navy Band CD Library . For guidance on performance of foreign national anthems by military bands, please refer to DOD directive 5410.18 (cut and paste “DOD directive 5410.18” in a search engine), specifically paragraph 4.8.10, found on page 20. If your group is performing a foreign national anthem at a ceremony or concert, it is your responsibility to ensure the accuracy and currency of the printed music. For assistance, please contact the Navy Band’s music library at: [email protected] , or Navy Band Public Affairs at: [email protected] . The national anthems contained on this site are under constant revision, due to the volatility of certain political regions. Please download updates each time you use them to ensure you are using the most current version of the country's anthem. All links on this site go directly to MP3 music files. If the files are to be moved from your computer drive to another storage media (such as compact disc) for playback, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that the integrity of the anthem titles remains intact. (Label the CDs carefully!)	i don't know
Which is the only cape in Scotland?	Protest at Cape Wrath bombing range PROTEST AT CAPE WRATH BOMBING RANGE www.viequeslibre.org A group of Scottish peace activists went to the Range Control Post of the Cape Wrath range at 8.00 am this morning (Friday) to protest against the use of the range by the US Navy. Three US ships are shelling Cape Wrath because local protests last year prevented them from using Vieques Island in Puerto Rico. The group includes Billy Wolfe, former leader of the Scottish National Party, Brian Quail, Joint Secretary of Scottish CND, and residents from the Faslane Peace Camp. A spokesman for the group said: "We are here to show solidarity with the people of Puerto Rico and to stop Scotland being shelled by the US Navy. We are trying to protect the seabird colony on Cape Wrath and also trying to protect the people of Iraq from being bombed." The ships involved are believed to be the cruisers USS Anzio and USS Cape St George along with the guided missile destroyer USS Mahan. All are part of the USS Eisenhower carrier group. There were serious concerns in the Pentagon and Congress that the public protests in Puerto Rico would prevent the carrier group becoming fully operational, unless and alternative site for live-firing was used. The carrier group is currently on route to the Gulf from where its aircraft will fly missions over Iraq. The range area includes Clo Mor, the highest cliffs in Britain, and a seabird colony of international significance used by puffins, guillemots and many other species. Just offshore is Garvie Island, a tiny island where 1000 pound bombs have been dropped regularly for decades. US NAVY TO SHELL CAPE WRATH Three US Navy ships are about to shell the Cape Wrath area after local protests prevented them from using a range in Puerto Rico. After one local person was killed on the Puerto Rico range last year, fishermen sailed into the range area and set up camp on Vieques Island. They were joined by many others. The USS Eisenhower carrier group is currently being deployed to the Gulf and sailed from Norfok, Virginia on 18 Feb. When they reach the Gulf, the 75 aircraft on the nuclear powered carrier will fly missions over Iraq. Before becoming fully operational the carrier group must complete a number of exercises including live firing. This was to have taken place in Vieques, but could not be completed because hundreds of local people were camped out on the range. London offered the Pentagon the use of the Cape Wrath range to part of the carrier group. Two cruisers, USS Anzio (CG68) and USS Cape St George (CG71), and one destroyer, USS Mahan (DDG72), are shelling Cape Wrath with their 5 inch guns. All of these vessels also carry Tomahawk Cruise missiles. The Cape Wrath range is in use from 28 February to 10 March. During this period it will be used by the ships above and also by three NATO frigates which are not connected with the Eisenhower group. It is believed the US ships began using the range on the afternoon of Wednesday 1st March and are due to finish on Saturday 4th March. When locals occupied the Vieques range they found that there had been widespread environmental damage caused by decades of bombing and shelling. The discovered that bombs and shells had literally flattened entire hills on the range and polluted the air, water and soil with toxic residues from explosives and metal casings. The US Navy also admitted that they accidentally fired 267 Depleted Uranium canon rounds on the range. The Cape Wrath range includes Cllo Mor, the highest sea cliffs in Britain and a seabird colony of international significance. Species within the range area include puffins, golden eagles, red throated diver, gulls, razorbills, arctic terns, guillemots and storm petrels. There are ongoing studies into the impact of military activity on the seabird colony. The Cape Wrath range is the largest bombing range in Europe and the only range in Europe where 1000 pound bombs can be dropped. Local people are particularly concerned about aircraft activity. The aircraft from the Eisenhower will not be bombing the range on this occasion, but ships from the carrier group will be firing their guns. There are no plans to use Deplete Uranium, but then the use of DU at Puerto Rico was also not officially sanctioned. President Clinton has offered to hold a referendum on Puerto Rico to decide whether the US military should be allowed to go back to using the range there. Here the MoD saw no need to consult the Scottish Parliament before they invited the US Navy to use Cape Wrath. John Spellar, the junior defence minister, has said that "defence remains a reserved issue and therefore there is no requirement for this matter to have been raised with the Scottish Executive" (letter to Linda Clark MP 8 Feb 2000). The MoD appears to be ignoring the environmental issues, which they are well aware of, and which fall within the remit of the Scottish Parliament. Cape Wrath, Sutherland An 8,308 acre RN and RAF weapons range and army exercise area. The two weapons ranges are: (a) A ship-to-shore bombardment range, originally established in the 1930s. Cape Wrath is the only ship-to-shore bombardment range in Europe. Ships of the RN and other NATO (and occasionally non-NATO) navies use the range for practice firing of their 4.5 inch and 5 inch guns at car wrecks up to two miles inland. The cliffs are used as ranging marks for the guns, and torpedoes and rockets are also fired at the cliffs or offshore. Sheep have been killed and maimed by the bombardments. In 1968 Mrs Nellie Munro of Durness was injured by shrapnel from an off-target shell while collecting cockles on the shore of the Kyle of Durness. In 1978 two lobster boats narrowly escaped being blown out of the water by three frigates when firing started as they were picking up creels just offshore. The inland part of the range, as well as being a target area for naval guns, is regularly used for army and marines exercises, including the firing of small arms and guns of all sizes. The tourist road to Cape Wrath lighthouse runs right through the middle of the range. In the early 1980s a marine went missing without trace while on exercise on the range and a holidaymaker also disappeared without trace while camping in the area. The MOD said the disappearances were unconnected with range firing. (b) An Garbh-eilean (Garvie lsland) an airbombardment range, the only one in Europe available for live dropping of 1,000 lb bombs. A US sergeant from Lakenheath described these operations: �They go up there, bomb the shit out of some little island off the coast of Scotland, using smoke bombs, you know. I�ve seen the pictures. It�s really neat.� A maximum of forty-eight 1,000 lb bombs can be dropped on the island in any one month, and rocket and cannon firing is also permitted. This means that, since Garvie Island range cannot be used at the same time as naval bombardment is going on, and bombing and shelling does not normally take place at weekends, there is virtually continuous use of the Cape Wrath ranges on weekdays. Garvie Island has been used for aerial bombardment since the 1950s. Several aircraft en route to the range have had to jettison their bombs or have crashed with live weapons on board. In September 1982 an RAF Jaguar crashed on a hill behind Brora. In October 1979 one of the same lobster boats which had been shelled by frigates 11 months previously narrowly escaped damage when picking up creels off Garvie Island during a period of range inactivity. A bomb disposal team detonated five unexploded 1,000 lb bombs on the island, showering the sea around with shrapnel and rock debris. The boats skipper, Gordon Bain, estimated that there were 500 unexploded bombs in the sea off Cape Wrath. Bombing and shelling at Cape Wrath can be heard 35 miles away at Bettyhill, and local houses have suffered structural damage from vibration. In 1980 local councillors expressed concern at the impact on-tourism and succeeded in getting the Highland Regional Council to adopt a policy of scaling down activity at the range with a view to its eventual closure, although this is outside the council�s jurisdiction. At the time the MOD responded by stating that they were negotiating a new 21 year lease on the range and would use a compulsory purchase order if necessary. Following the near disastrous incidents with fishing boats in 1978-79, the MOD then proposed a new set of bye-laws prohibiting access to the range area (which extends 25 miles offshore and up to 55,000 feet). In 1980 was radio equipment installed at the range control hut to enable range controllers to contact fishing boats in the area; not all of the range area is visible from the control hut on Faraid Head. In 1983 it was reported that there was neither radar nor patrol boats to cover the range area, although it is unclear if this is still the case. (This information is based on an extract from Fortress Scotland written for Scottish CND by Malcolm Spaven in 1983) Official US statements about the use of Cape Wrath Richard Danzig, Secretary of the Navy Press Conference 3 Dec 1999 Q: .. why not just leave [Puerto Rico] now and do with the patchwork [Cape Wrath] for five years ? SEC DANZIG: Well, it's a good question. And in some respects, if we could, that would be an attractive alternative. It's not, in my judgement, a reallistically appropriate route to go down. Let me give you an example of why. We've talked about Cape Wrath in Scotland. Cape Wrath has 50 percent of its days, in the March time period that we'de use it, such bad weather that in fact, being able to shoot there isn't plausible to be able to do the training there. Therefore we estimate that it may take us something on the order of three steaming days and four training days in the use of the range to accomplish the training, but it could take longer. And every one of those days that we stay for weather reasons is another day that we're not on station and not available to perform the mission. It's clearly not as good an alternative. Moreover, Cape Wrath is not available in the summertime to us; it's available in February and March, so it will not be available for other battle groups. Moreover, this battle group is planning to spend time in the Mediterranean because of our force structure rotation arrangements. Not all groups do that. We may not have as much time with future groups. So the alternatives that work for this particular group may by no means work reliably for future groups. And therefore, I think we think of this as a one-time patch that enables us to buy some time to make progress on what we care most about, which is talking, hopefully, in a fruitfull way with people in Puerto Rico and arriving at a resolution. And we're taking advantage of this time. But as a long-term solution, it's not a good one. [comment - If Puerto Rico is ruled out in future, the UK could be under pressure to extend the use of Cape Wrath, and use it at other times of year when there would be more impact on the seabird colony] Kenneth Bacon Assistant Secretary of Defense Press Conference 7 Dec 1999 Q Ken, can you bring us up to snuff on what's going on on preparation by the Eisenhower battle group to go overseas? MR. BACON: Well, I can't really go much beyond what Secretary Danzig announced on Friday. I thought he was very clear that it's performing the bulk of the training in various domestic sites. Several ships will have live-fire training at Wrath Island in Scotland on their way to the Mediterranean, and there could be additional training as the battle group continues during its deployment. And beyond that, I don't have much to add. [the Pentagon seem to think Cape Wrath is an island !] American Forces Press Service 6 Dec 1999 The Eisenhower and the Wasp task forces will not be combat-ready when they leave Norfolk for the Gulf, but they will receive sufficient live-fire training before they are put into combat, according to Johnson [Admiral Jay Johnson, Chief of Naval Operations]	Cape Wrath
August 24th is St. Bartholomew's Day in Western Christianity. In which year did the 'St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre' take place in France?	Protest at Cape Wrath bombing range PROTEST AT CAPE WRATH BOMBING RANGE www.viequeslibre.org A group of Scottish peace activists went to the Range Control Post of the Cape Wrath range at 8.00 am this morning (Friday) to protest against the use of the range by the US Navy. Three US ships are shelling Cape Wrath because local protests last year prevented them from using Vieques Island in Puerto Rico. The group includes Billy Wolfe, former leader of the Scottish National Party, Brian Quail, Joint Secretary of Scottish CND, and residents from the Faslane Peace Camp. A spokesman for the group said: "We are here to show solidarity with the people of Puerto Rico and to stop Scotland being shelled by the US Navy. We are trying to protect the seabird colony on Cape Wrath and also trying to protect the people of Iraq from being bombed." The ships involved are believed to be the cruisers USS Anzio and USS Cape St George along with the guided missile destroyer USS Mahan. All are part of the USS Eisenhower carrier group. There were serious concerns in the Pentagon and Congress that the public protests in Puerto Rico would prevent the carrier group becoming fully operational, unless and alternative site for live-firing was used. The carrier group is currently on route to the Gulf from where its aircraft will fly missions over Iraq. The range area includes Clo Mor, the highest cliffs in Britain, and a seabird colony of international significance used by puffins, guillemots and many other species. Just offshore is Garvie Island, a tiny island where 1000 pound bombs have been dropped regularly for decades. US NAVY TO SHELL CAPE WRATH Three US Navy ships are about to shell the Cape Wrath area after local protests prevented them from using a range in Puerto Rico. After one local person was killed on the Puerto Rico range last year, fishermen sailed into the range area and set up camp on Vieques Island. They were joined by many others. The USS Eisenhower carrier group is currently being deployed to the Gulf and sailed from Norfok, Virginia on 18 Feb. When they reach the Gulf, the 75 aircraft on the nuclear powered carrier will fly missions over Iraq. Before becoming fully operational the carrier group must complete a number of exercises including live firing. This was to have taken place in Vieques, but could not be completed because hundreds of local people were camped out on the range. London offered the Pentagon the use of the Cape Wrath range to part of the carrier group. Two cruisers, USS Anzio (CG68) and USS Cape St George (CG71), and one destroyer, USS Mahan (DDG72), are shelling Cape Wrath with their 5 inch guns. All of these vessels also carry Tomahawk Cruise missiles. The Cape Wrath range is in use from 28 February to 10 March. During this period it will be used by the ships above and also by three NATO frigates which are not connected with the Eisenhower group. It is believed the US ships began using the range on the afternoon of Wednesday 1st March and are due to finish on Saturday 4th March. When locals occupied the Vieques range they found that there had been widespread environmental damage caused by decades of bombing and shelling. The discovered that bombs and shells had literally flattened entire hills on the range and polluted the air, water and soil with toxic residues from explosives and metal casings. The US Navy also admitted that they accidentally fired 267 Depleted Uranium canon rounds on the range. The Cape Wrath range includes Cllo Mor, the highest sea cliffs in Britain and a seabird colony of international significance. Species within the range area include puffins, golden eagles, red throated diver, gulls, razorbills, arctic terns, guillemots and storm petrels. There are ongoing studies into the impact of military activity on the seabird colony. The Cape Wrath range is the largest bombing range in Europe and the only range in Europe where 1000 pound bombs can be dropped. Local people are particularly concerned about aircraft activity. The aircraft from the Eisenhower will not be bombing the range on this occasion, but ships from the carrier group will be firing their guns. There are no plans to use Deplete Uranium, but then the use of DU at Puerto Rico was also not officially sanctioned. President Clinton has offered to hold a referendum on Puerto Rico to decide whether the US military should be allowed to go back to using the range there. Here the MoD saw no need to consult the Scottish Parliament before they invited the US Navy to use Cape Wrath. John Spellar, the junior defence minister, has said that "defence remains a reserved issue and therefore there is no requirement for this matter to have been raised with the Scottish Executive" (letter to Linda Clark MP 8 Feb 2000). The MoD appears to be ignoring the environmental issues, which they are well aware of, and which fall within the remit of the Scottish Parliament. Cape Wrath, Sutherland An 8,308 acre RN and RAF weapons range and army exercise area. The two weapons ranges are: (a) A ship-to-shore bombardment range, originally established in the 1930s. Cape Wrath is the only ship-to-shore bombardment range in Europe. Ships of the RN and other NATO (and occasionally non-NATO) navies use the range for practice firing of their 4.5 inch and 5 inch guns at car wrecks up to two miles inland. The cliffs are used as ranging marks for the guns, and torpedoes and rockets are also fired at the cliffs or offshore. Sheep have been killed and maimed by the bombardments. In 1968 Mrs Nellie Munro of Durness was injured by shrapnel from an off-target shell while collecting cockles on the shore of the Kyle of Durness. In 1978 two lobster boats narrowly escaped being blown out of the water by three frigates when firing started as they were picking up creels just offshore. The inland part of the range, as well as being a target area for naval guns, is regularly used for army and marines exercises, including the firing of small arms and guns of all sizes. The tourist road to Cape Wrath lighthouse runs right through the middle of the range. In the early 1980s a marine went missing without trace while on exercise on the range and a holidaymaker also disappeared without trace while camping in the area. The MOD said the disappearances were unconnected with range firing. (b) An Garbh-eilean (Garvie lsland) an airbombardment range, the only one in Europe available for live dropping of 1,000 lb bombs. A US sergeant from Lakenheath described these operations: �They go up there, bomb the shit out of some little island off the coast of Scotland, using smoke bombs, you know. I�ve seen the pictures. It�s really neat.� A maximum of forty-eight 1,000 lb bombs can be dropped on the island in any one month, and rocket and cannon firing is also permitted. This means that, since Garvie Island range cannot be used at the same time as naval bombardment is going on, and bombing and shelling does not normally take place at weekends, there is virtually continuous use of the Cape Wrath ranges on weekdays. Garvie Island has been used for aerial bombardment since the 1950s. Several aircraft en route to the range have had to jettison their bombs or have crashed with live weapons on board. In September 1982 an RAF Jaguar crashed on a hill behind Brora. In October 1979 one of the same lobster boats which had been shelled by frigates 11 months previously narrowly escaped damage when picking up creels off Garvie Island during a period of range inactivity. A bomb disposal team detonated five unexploded 1,000 lb bombs on the island, showering the sea around with shrapnel and rock debris. The boats skipper, Gordon Bain, estimated that there were 500 unexploded bombs in the sea off Cape Wrath. Bombing and shelling at Cape Wrath can be heard 35 miles away at Bettyhill, and local houses have suffered structural damage from vibration. In 1980 local councillors expressed concern at the impact on-tourism and succeeded in getting the Highland Regional Council to adopt a policy of scaling down activity at the range with a view to its eventual closure, although this is outside the council�s jurisdiction. At the time the MOD responded by stating that they were negotiating a new 21 year lease on the range and would use a compulsory purchase order if necessary. Following the near disastrous incidents with fishing boats in 1978-79, the MOD then proposed a new set of bye-laws prohibiting access to the range area (which extends 25 miles offshore and up to 55,000 feet). In 1980 was radio equipment installed at the range control hut to enable range controllers to contact fishing boats in the area; not all of the range area is visible from the control hut on Faraid Head. In 1983 it was reported that there was neither radar nor patrol boats to cover the range area, although it is unclear if this is still the case. (This information is based on an extract from Fortress Scotland written for Scottish CND by Malcolm Spaven in 1983) Official US statements about the use of Cape Wrath Richard Danzig, Secretary of the Navy Press Conference 3 Dec 1999 Q: .. why not just leave [Puerto Rico] now and do with the patchwork [Cape Wrath] for five years ? SEC DANZIG: Well, it's a good question. And in some respects, if we could, that would be an attractive alternative. It's not, in my judgement, a reallistically appropriate route to go down. Let me give you an example of why. We've talked about Cape Wrath in Scotland. Cape Wrath has 50 percent of its days, in the March time period that we'de use it, such bad weather that in fact, being able to shoot there isn't plausible to be able to do the training there. Therefore we estimate that it may take us something on the order of three steaming days and four training days in the use of the range to accomplish the training, but it could take longer. And every one of those days that we stay for weather reasons is another day that we're not on station and not available to perform the mission. It's clearly not as good an alternative. Moreover, Cape Wrath is not available in the summertime to us; it's available in February and March, so it will not be available for other battle groups. Moreover, this battle group is planning to spend time in the Mediterranean because of our force structure rotation arrangements. Not all groups do that. We may not have as much time with future groups. So the alternatives that work for this particular group may by no means work reliably for future groups. And therefore, I think we think of this as a one-time patch that enables us to buy some time to make progress on what we care most about, which is talking, hopefully, in a fruitfull way with people in Puerto Rico and arriving at a resolution. And we're taking advantage of this time. But as a long-term solution, it's not a good one. [comment - If Puerto Rico is ruled out in future, the UK could be under pressure to extend the use of Cape Wrath, and use it at other times of year when there would be more impact on the seabird colony] Kenneth Bacon Assistant Secretary of Defense Press Conference 7 Dec 1999 Q Ken, can you bring us up to snuff on what's going on on preparation by the Eisenhower battle group to go overseas? MR. BACON: Well, I can't really go much beyond what Secretary Danzig announced on Friday. I thought he was very clear that it's performing the bulk of the training in various domestic sites. Several ships will have live-fire training at Wrath Island in Scotland on their way to the Mediterranean, and there could be additional training as the battle group continues during its deployment. And beyond that, I don't have much to add. [the Pentagon seem to think Cape Wrath is an island !] American Forces Press Service 6 Dec 1999 The Eisenhower and the Wasp task forces will not be combat-ready when they leave Norfolk for the Gulf, but they will receive sufficient live-fire training before they are put into combat, according to Johnson [Admiral Jay Johnson, Chief of Naval Operations]	i don't know
Who wrote the novel 'Mrs. Dalloway' about a day in the life of 'Clarissa Dalloway' in post-World War One England?	SparkNotes: Mrs. Dalloway: Context Mrs. Dalloway Table of Contents Plot Overview Virginia Woolf, the English novelist, critic, and essayist, was born on January 25, 1882, to Leslie Stephen, a literary critic, and Julia Duckworth Stephen. Woolf grew up in an upper-middle-class, socially active, literary family in Victorian London. She had three full siblings, two half-brothers, and two half-sisters. She was educated at home, becoming a voracious reader of the books in her father’s extensive library. Tragedy first afflicted the family when Woolf’s mother died in 1895, then hit again two years later, when her half-sister, Stella, the caregiver in the Stephen family, died. Woolf experienced her first bout of mental illness after her mother’s death, and she suffered from mania and severe depression for the rest of her life. Patriarchal, repressive Victorian society did not encourage women to attend universities or to participate in intellectual debate. Nonetheless, Woolf began publishing her first essays and reviews after 1904, the year her father died and she and her siblings moved to the Bloomsbury area of London. Young students and artists, drawn to the vitality and intellectual curiosity of the Stephen clan, congregated on Thursday evenings to share their views about the world. The Bloomsbury group, as Woolf and her friends came to be called, disregarded the constricting taboos of the Victorian era, and such topics as religion, sex, and art fueled the talk at their weekly salons. They even discussed homosexuality, a subject that shocked many of the group’s contemporaries. For Woolf, the group served as the undergraduate education that society had denied her. The Voyage Out, Woolf’s first novel, was published in 1915, three years after her marriage to Leonard Woolf, a member of the Bloomsbury group. Their partnership furthered the group’s intellectual ideals. With Leonard, Woolf founded Hogarth Press, which published Sigmund Freud, Katherine Mansfield, T. S. Eliot, and other notable authors. She determinedly pursued her own writing as well: During the next few years, Woolf kept a diary and wrote several novels, a collection of short stories, and numerous essays. She struggled, as she wrote, to both deal with her bouts of bipolarity and to find her true voice as a writer. Before World War I, Woolf viewed the realistic Victorian novel, with its neat and linear plots, as an inadequate form of expression. Her opinion intensified after the war, and in the 1920s she began searching for the form that would reflect the violent contrasts and disjointed impressions of the world around her. In Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, Woolf discovered a new literary form capable of expressing the new realities of postwar England. The novel depicts the subjective experiences and memories of its central characters over a single day in post–World War I London. Divided into parts, rather than chapters, the novel's structure highlights the finely interwoven texture of the characters' thoughts. Critics tend to agree that Woolf found her writer’s voice with this novel. At forty-three, she knew her experimental style was unlikely to be a popular success but no longer felt compelled to seek critical praise. The novel did, however, gain a measure of commercial and critical success. This book, which focuses on commonplace tasks, such as shopping, throwing a party, and eating dinner, showed that no act was too small or too ordinary for a writer’s attention. Ultimately, Mrs. Dalloway transformed the novel as an art form. Woolf develops the book’s protagonist, Clarissa Dalloway, and myriad other characters by chronicling their interior thoughts with little pause or explanation, a style referred to as stream of consciousness. Several central characters and more than one hundred minor characters appear in the text, and their thoughts spin out like spider webs. Sometimes the threads of thought cross—and people succeed in communicating. More often, however, the threads do not cross, leaving the characters isolated and alone. Woolf believed that behind the “cotton wool” of life, as she terms it in her autobiographical collection of essays Moments of Being (1941), and under the downpour of impressions saturating a mind during each moment, a pattern exists. Characters in Mrs. Dalloway occasionally perceive life’s pattern through a sudden shock, or what Woolf called a “moment of being.” Suddenly the cotton wool parts, and a person sees reality, and his or her place in it, clearly. “In the vast catastrophe of the European war,” wrote Woolf, “our emotions had to be broken up for us, and put at an angle from us, before we could allow ourselves to feel them in poetry or fiction.” These words appear in her essay collection, The Common Reader, which was published just one month before Mrs. Dalloway. Her novel attempts to uncover fragmented emotions, such as desperation or love, in order to find, through “moments of being,” a way to endure. While writing Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf reread the Greek classics along with two new modernist writers, Marcel Proust and James Joyce. Woolf shared these writers' interest in time and psychology, and she incorporated these issues into her novel. She wanted to show characters in flux, rather than static, characters who think and emote as they move through space, who react to their surroundings in ways that mirrored actual human experience. Rapid political and social change marked the period between the two world wars: the British Empire, for which so many people had sacrificed their lives to protect and preserve, was in decline. Countries like India were beginning to question Britain’s colonial rule. At home, the Labour Party, with its plans for economic reform, was beginning to challenge the Conservative Party, with its emphasis on imperial business interests. Women, who had flooded the workforce to replace the men who had gone to war, were demanding equal rights. Men, who had seen unspeakable atrocities in the first modern war, were questioning the usefulness of class-based sociopolitical institutions. Woolf lent her support to the feminist movement in her nonfiction book A Room of One’s Own (1929), as well as in numerous essays, and she was briefly involved in the women’s suffrage movement. Although Mrs. Dalloway portrays the shifting political atmosphere through the characters Peter Walsh, Richard Dalloway, and Hugh Whitbread, it focuses more deeply on the charged social mood through the characters Septimus Warren Smith and Clarissa Dalloway. Woolf delves into the consciousness of Clarissa, a woman who exists largely in the domestic sphere, to ensure that readers take her character seriously, rather than simply dismiss her as a vain and uneducated upper-class wife. In spite of her heroic and imperfect effort in life, Clarissa, like every human being and even the old social order itself, must face death. Woolf’s struggles with mental illness gave her an opportunity to witness firsthand how insensitive medical professionals could be, and she critiques their tactlessness in Mrs. Dalloway. One of Woolf’s doctors suggested that plenty of rest and rich food would lead to a full recovery, a cure prescribed in the novel, and another removed several of her teeth. In the early twentieth century, mental health problems were too often considered imaginary, an embarrassment, or the product of moral weakness. During one bout of illness, Woolf heard birds sing like Greek choruses and King Edward use foul language among some azaleas. In 1941, as England entered a second world war, and at the onset of another breakdown she feared would be permanent, Woolf placed a large stone in her pocket to weigh herself down and drowned herself in the River Ouse. More Help	Virginia Woolf
What is the surname of David, who famously designed hats for his mother Gertrude to wear at Royal Ascot?	Mrs Dalloway : Virginia Woolf : 9780192839701 Virginia Woolf Classics Customer reviews <p>Viriginia WoolfÃ?Â¢??s <a href="http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/WEBSITE/WWW/WEBPAGES/showbook.php?id=0192839705">Mrs Dalloway</a> was first published in 1925. The novel follows, in her infamous stream-of-consciousness style, one day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, an upper-class housewife. From the first line, Woolf plunges the reader directly into events, in and out of each character's mind, forward and backward in time, to build a full picture of Clarissa's life. Enclosed in her self-reflective soul, Clarissa throws parties in order to add glitter to the surface of her existence. Inwardly, she contemplates aging and suicide, and evaluates past key decisions such as marrying Richard Dalloway and refusing Peter Walsh. Her sacrifice for the sake of living an upper-class life remains a bitter, unhealed hurt.</p> <p>The novel takes place in England post World War I, in 1923. The war was a reality check for a seemingly invincible England. The English largely lost their faith in the power of imperialism, and many citizens like Clarissa felt the failure of the empire echoing their own personal failures. Fear of death is an underlying theme, here, especially for Clarissa, Peter and Septimus. SeptimusÃ?Â¢??s mental illness allows Woolf to criticise the treatment of those suffering from depression, a disease Woolf long struggled with. His ultimate suicide echoes Woolf's personal suicide attempts. Like Septimus, Clarissa feels oppressed by life but unlike him her will to live prevails. The similarity between Woolf's mental suffering and that of Septimus is vital to understanding this superb work.</p> <p>Rasha Anwar</p> show more by Mark Thwaite	i don't know
Lexus is the luxury vehicle division of which manufacturer?	Lexus - Luxury Sedans, SUVs, Hybrids, and Performance Cars ©2006-2017 Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. All information contained herein applies to U.S. vehicles only. Notice for Internet Explorer® Users To ensure your experience on lexus.com is as exceptional as our vehicles, we no longer support Internet Explorer® Version 10 and older. We do, however, support Version 11 and other browsers. Click here to upgrade your current browser or, to install a new one, select a link below.	Toyota
In Greek myth, into what creature did Artemis transform Actaeon?	Lexus Parts, Lexus Replacement & Accessories \| CarParts.com Lexus Parts And Lexus Replacement Lexus was established after a project from Toyota engineers was metamorphosed into the form of LS400, an assembled creation of the best luxury car ever to grace the automotive industry. Automaker of Lexus must have foreseen the upcoming success from their mere start that the metamorphosis of their efforts resulted to the never-ending commitment to take the journey of providing the consumers with products that are more special than what they can conceive of. Today, Lexus cars are right before the industry up for grabs with each model teeming with traces of hard work and labour that realize the "Pursuit of Perfection" concept. True enough, Lexus cars belong to the upmarket luxury vehicles with evidences that could only be associated with the most engineered and highly-treated Lexus details. Lexus cars define the term quality standard speaks of. With vehicles that give refinement and style a new meaning is what Lexus cars are proud of. Along with this, you can couple it with these characters: reliability and the highest levels of comfort. From 1989, a string of cars consistently penetrated the market. Consumers will never get out of options from the lineup of Lexus cars offered in the market. Lexus IS model is the sophisticated superbly balanced car meant for those who wanted performance-oriented yet poses refinement and comfort with every drive. For consumers who prefer cars that are simply elegant yet visually and physically appealing, Lexus GS models engaged these characteristics. Lexus LS, on the other hand, will offer sanctuary the quietest car can provide to its occupants with interior harnessed with all technological resources could dispose. For sports-utility vehicle lovers, Lexus RX models are created to direct them into these vehicles' versatility, intelligence and luxury. And, of course, the powered, retractable-hard-top feature of Lexus SC models are for those who wanted optimum driving balance with more high-technology appeal of the air conditioning system plus its satellite navigation. Such fine and delicate features like Lexus cars emanate should never be left out with less than a treatment of unmaintained attention. These cars should never go out of style like broken and damaged parts can do. To prevent these vehicles from engaging into an unsightly mass of failures, Lexus automotive parts are there to go along with these cars in pursuit to perfected performance in the industry. Lexus parts will serve these vehicles as long as what durability means to these products. High-quality Lexus parts are offered by OEM and aftermarket manufacturers with wide range of supply so the drivers would never bear reason to let go of these cars tainted with damaged and broken parts. Lexus Parts Bestsellers Lexus Articles Closer Look at Lexus Automobiles The Japanese call it 'kanpeki' which means perfection. We call it the Lexus. It's the embodiment of technology, luxury, and art. The brand's core philosophy is to be technologically superior, without forgetting driver tastes and comfort. For this reason, Lexus is the highest-selling make of luxury cars in America; a testimony of the quality of their automobiles. If you own one, then you surely know that your Lexus is an elegant technological masterpiece.So better keep your Lexus in perfect shape. When the need for replacement arises, you'd need to replace Lexus parts with premium and exact Lexus OEM parts. OEM specifications not only mean that the Lexus car parts function like its original components, but also guarantees compatibility. And when searching for Lexus body parts, always look for the components that are designed to match the car's specs, so that the original style is preserved. After all, you paid a lot for such a luxurious vehicle; you wouldn't want to place a measly second-rate auto part to throw all that luxury down the drain.So maintain that perfection. Maintain the quality of your Lexus. Get Lexus parts that are not only of OEM specs, but also come from good and trusted brands. Make sure that your technologically luxurious vehicle is not only in top shape, but also that it stays that way. So only get parts that embody the Lexus' spirit of perfection.	i don't know
Which is the first movement in 'The Planets Suite' by Gustav Holst?	Gustav Holst - The Planets - Mars, the Bringer of War - YouTube Gustav Holst - The Planets - Mars, the Bringer of War Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 12, 2008 Performance by James Levine and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Album can be found on Amazon here: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000... (Credit to TwoSkirts for finding this information) Category	Destro
In the 'Star Wars' films, what species is 'Chewbacca'?	Which movement in Gustav Holst's The Planets is the best? Why? - Quora Quora Written Jun 19, 2012 I doubt there is a quantitive method of ascertaining the best piece, but the most popular ones certainly seem to be Jupiter and Mars as mentioned by Adam Caviness . I think Mars forms the basis for plenty of space opera style themes including the theme for Star Trek VI and some of the Imperial themes from the Star Wars series. Most people I talk to also seem to associate Jupiter with the planets in general. Written Aug 21, 2012 You know, I'm at a loss to understand all these questions beginning "what is the best..." regarding subjective things like art. C'mon, people. Be happy with a whole bunch of excellent things (like the movements of this outstandingly imaginative and beautifully crafted suite) and stop insisting on ranking them. There's too much crap around us not to appreciate ANY level of excellence as you perceive it. I have the unusual opinion of liking Uranus the Magician the best. The movement is just full of musical sleight of hand. Every time you think you know where it’s going, it changes. 523 Views Written Jun 26, 2016 It really depends on your mood and the circumstances, frankly. If you just had a big fight with your spouse/SO you’ll probably love “Mars, Bringer of War”. Believe me that’s the first thing I put on after a “war” with my SO and all my rage and frustration just seems to dissipate like ether, as if somehow Mars had just fought my SO for me, but this time I won. If your boss tells you that you were elected Employee of the Year and it comes with a 2-week cruise in the Caribbean plus a nice fat salary hike and bonus you just might want to play “Jupiter, Bringer of Joviality” and it’ll make you feel so happy you’ll have your bags packed by the time it’s over. PS Ask your boss if the 2nd person has to be your spouse; if not, ask if he will tell your wife it’s a business trip and you have to bring an “associate” along. Then call your girlfriend and tell her she just hit the jackpot. If you’re the type who likes to walk around contemplating the mysteries of the universe and asking yourself questions like, “Why am I here, what is the purpose of life, why can ants carry 50 times their body weight, why does one of my testicles hang a little lower than the other”, etc then for sure you’ll want to listen to “Neptune, the Mystic.” If you have the ability to make a shampoo last forever like this joker, then “Uranus, the Magician” is right up your alley. And be careful not to laugh your Uranus off when you watch this: And finally, if you get a call from your BFF saying that the police just paid him an unexpected visit and he ratted you out about your heroin stash, throw on “Mercury, the Winged Messenger” flush the smack, and then get the hell out of there as fast as your winged little feet will carry you. 835 Views · View Upvotes · Answer requested by	i don't know
In which town is the River Severn crossed by the English Bridge and the Welsh Bridge?	River Severn - The Shropshire Severn :: Geograph Britain and Ireland River Severn - The Shropshire Severn Great Britain 1:50 000 Scale Colour Raster Mapping Extracts © Crown copyright Ordnance Survey. All Rights Reserved. Educational licence 100045616. Contents Hampton Loade to the Worcestershire Border Shrewsbury The county town, Shrewsbury, developed around the Norman castle built on the high ground within a loop of the river. The historic bridge names 'Welsh Bridge' and 'English Bridge' mark its importance as a border town. The cable stayed Frankwell footbridge opened in 1979 providing access to the local council offices. The Grade II* listed five span Welsh Bridge opened in 1795 to a design by John Tilley and John Carline. The Porthill footbridge opened in 1922 was largely funded by the Shrewsbury Horticultural Society and provides access to 'The Quarry'. It replaced a passenger ferry. The privately owned Kingsland Toll bridge designed by John Grover and opened in 1881 crosses the river beside Shrewsbury School. Greyfriars Footbridge crosses the river near Coleham. The Grade II* listed seven span English Bridge opened in 1774 to a design by John Gwynn. It was widened and lowered in 1926 re-using the original stonework to remove the steep approach ramps. This was the site of the original fortified Norman bridge over the River Severn. The platforms of Shrewsbury Railway Station extend onto the river bridge opened in 1848. Shrewsbury to Atcham Leaving Shrewsbury the river loops north below Ditherington and Monkmoor towards the Shrewsbury battlefield. The 1910 weir was built to control water levels in the city centre. The A49 and A5 bypasses opened in 1992 and took through traffic away from the city centre. Prior to construction of the bypasses all traffic for Shrewsbury, mid and north Wales crossed the river at Atcham. There has been a bridge at this former ford since the early thirteenth century. The newer of the two current bridges opened in 1929 to a design by Louis Gustav Mouchel. The older seven span bridge was designed by John Gwynn and completed in 1771. He was also responsible for English Bridge in Shrewsbury.	Shrewsbury
In which south coast resort is tennis played at Devonshire Park?	Bridges « Shrewsbury Civic Society . . THE WELSH BRIDGE – A Welsh Bridge, near this Site, existed by 1155. By the 1600s the area was the centre of commercial activity with barges unloading wine, tobacco, fruit and dye on Mardol and Frankwell Quays. The existing bridge was completed in 1795. Thomas Telford,the great engineer, then County Surveyor, disapproved of the site and was justified 25 years later when the scouring effects of the river were found to be undermining the river bed below the foundations. Work on the foundations over, the years has enabled the bridge to survive. . FRANKWELL FOOTBRIDGE – Built to a design by Mott, Hay and Anderson and opened on the 5th July, 1979. The fine cable stayed steel box girder bridge supported from a single concrete tower has a main span of 48 metres and connects the Frankwell Car Park to the Riverside Shopping precinct. . . THE KINGSLAND BRIDGE – Opened in 1882, by the KingsIand Bridge Company, this facilitated the move ofSbrewsbury School to Kingsland the same year and helped to establish the area as a wealthy Victorian suburb. The bridge is constructed of iron resting on stone piers, and has a single span of 212 feet. Known locally as the Penny Bridge, the toll for pedestrians was one old penny 1d. In the 1970’s and after metrification, permiSsion was granted from the Department of Transport to raise the toll to the new halfpence, (1/2p) and then to one pence, (1p). Up until then it was therefore still the Penny Bridge. However, the Kingsland Bridge Company again was granted an increase in 2011 to 20p. . . THE PORT HILL BRIDGE – This is a ten foot wide suspension bridge of latticed steel providing a pedestrian link between the Quarry and the suburb of Port Hill. The bridge opened in 1922 and was largely paid for by the Shropshire Horticultural Society. . . . GREYFRIARS BRIDGE – Opened in 1880, the footbridge replaced a ferry boat crossing between St Julian’s Friars and Coleham, and relieved some of the congestion on the narrow footpaths of the English Bridge. It is constructed of two lattice girders of wrought iron on piers of solid masonry and a concrete foundation. . . . IRON RAIL WAY BRIDGE – This was cast at Coalbrookdale It is a double arch iron railway bridge, built by William Baker in 1848, and carries the Shrewsbury to Wolverhampton line over the Severn. . . . THE ENGLISH BRIDGE – From the earliest times there has been a crossing point at, or near, the site of the present English Bridge. For some seven hundred years there were two bridges, connecting the foot of Wyle Cop to Coleham Head, and Coleham Head to the Abbey. The ‘new’ bridge was opened in 1774. In 1925 the bridge was dismantled and completely reconstructed in order to reduce its steep gradient and widen the carriageway from 23 ft to 50ft. The panel at the crown of the bridge, on the north side, commemorates its completion. . .. THE TELFORD WAY BRIDGE – This bridge opened in 1964 carries the Ditherington to Monkmoor link road. It is a double cantilever and suspended span type in pre-stressed reinforced concrete, is 298 feet long with pier foundations sunk to 18 feet below the river bank level. . . . SEVERN RAILWAY VIADUCT – The foundation stone was laid in 1847 and the bridge constructed with seven arches each with a 45 foot span. It was completed before the Shrewsbury to Birmingham railway line which was operating from 1849. The bridge still carries the railway.	i don't know
How are singers Una Healy, Mollie King, Frankie Sandford, Vanessa White and Rochelle Wiseman collectively known?	Una Healy wedding: Mollie King and Marvin Humes arrive for singer's wedding to Ben Foden in Ireland \| Daily Mail Online comments Una Healy brought the world of showbiz to her hometown of Thurles in Ireland for her wedding today. The Saturdays beauty and rugby star Ben Foden tied the knot in a quaint country church in Tipperary where Una’s bandmates acted as bridesmaids. Mollie King, Rochelle Wiseman, Vanessa White and Frankie Sandford looked stunning in full length lilac dresses and bouquets of white flowers as they made their way into the church along with the other bridesmaids. Marvin Humes looked dapper as he arrived at the church for the wedding of Una Healy and Ben Foden while bridesmaid Frankie Sandford was stunning in lilac Mollie had a big smile and wave for waiting fans and photographers as she arrived at the church in her car. JLS’ Marvin Humes – who is engaged to Rochelle –looked dapper in a grey, three-piece suit and blue tie as he arrived for the ceremony. No doubt the couple’s five-month-old daughter Aoife will have been front and centre during the ceremony today. Beautiful: Mollie King had a smile and wave for waiting fans and photographers as she arrived at the church in Thurles, Ireland While the bridesmaids and guests were happy to smile and wave to waiting fans, the stunning bride and her handsome groom were kept under wraps to protect their exclusive magazine deal. Una and Ben along with her bandmates were spotted at the wedding rehearsal yesterday. The 30-year-old looked happy and relaxed as she mingled with family and friends outside the church afterwards- at one point sharing a tender hug with her fiancé. Friends old and new: Una chose her Saturdays bandmates including Vanessa White (left) along with her friends outside the group as her bridesmaids The happy couple took turns carrying Aoife, who looked adorable in a babygro and pale yellow cardigan. Una looked lovely in a white dress patterned with poppies, and kept comfortable in flat sandals. Ben was casual but smart in a navy jumper and jeans. Mollie also opted for a floral dress, which she teamed with a long blue cardigan and tan platform heels. Here comes the bride: Umbrellas were used to shelter Una from both the rain and photographers to protect her exclusive magazine deal Rochelle was pretty in a mint jacket and pale lilac trousers, while Vanessa flashed her legs in a blue and white embroidered dress. Frankie was laid-back in skinny jeans and a dark green top. Speaking about the wedding recently, Una, 30, said: ‘I want a nice, laid-back, fun day.’ Crowds of well-wishers gathered in Thurles to see local girl Una tie the knot Una chose a lilac ribbon for her flowergirl to match the colour of her bridesmaids dresses Healy and Wiseman, threw a joint hen party in May with their bandmates, partying at London's Rose Club but last night she settled for a quiet toast with a few friends. The mother-of-one uploaded a couple pictures to her Twitter page via Instagram, keeping her followers up to speed, she tweeted: 'Having a last single drink with my old pal smarties!! X' In another snap Una and her girl pals were pictured all holding colourful drinks in their hands, and the caption read: 'All the single ladies!!X' Glamorous: Guests didn't let the rain dampen their spirits or their style at the wedding of Una and Ben in Thurles Proud parents: Una's father John looked dapper in his suit while her mother Ann was glamorous in a silver dress and matching jacket at the wedding in Ireland	Saturday (disambiguation)
Which Tennis player lost to Pete Sampras in two Wimbledon finals?	Rochelle Humes - Bio, Facts, Family \| Famous Birthdays Famous Birthdays Aries ABOUT Actress and singer previously known as Rochelle Wiseman who became a member of the British girl group The Saturdays alongside Vanessa White , Frankie Sandford , Mollie King and Una Healy . The Saturdays became known after their debut 2008 single "If This Is Love." BEFORE FAME She attended Colin's Performing Arts School and worked as a model for Love Me, Love My Clothes. TRIVIA She appeared on the British game show Never Mind the Buzzcocks. FAMILY LIFE She married Marvin Humes on July 27, 2012 and the couple had their first child, a daughter named Alaia-Mai , in May 2013. ASSOCIATED WITH	i don't know
Which chemical element, with the symbol 'Bi', takes its name from the German for 'white mass'?	Chemical Elements.com - Bismuth (Bi) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Bismuth. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/bi.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.	Bismuth
In which town in Yorkshire was the family home of the Bronte sisters?	h2g2 - The Elements: Names and Origins - A-E - Edited Entry The Elements: Names and Origins Actinium (89Ac) Actinium is a radioactive element, named after its radioactive property to decay emitting an alpha-particle. Aktis or aktinos is the Greek word for beam or ray. Actinium was, as we know today, erroneously identified and named in 1899 by André Debierne. The actual element was obtained in 1902 by Friedrich Oskar Geisel, who suggested it should be named emanium (from emanate). However, the original name was retained, because everybody was using it. Aluminium (13Al) Aluminium was isolated by Friedrich Wöhler in 1827. The element was already known as one component of a base called alum, which in its turn had already been used by the ancient Greeks and Romans, who had come up with the names alum or alumen. Alumem is the Latin word for 'stringent' because of the substance's soapy taste. The name of the element is derived from alumen and the ending 'ium' to form 'aluminium'. This spelling is used everywhere except for the US, where the second 'i' was dropped in 1925. Americium (95Am) Americium derives from the continent of America for two reasons: Firstly because it was first isolated and discovered there and secondly, this follows the same logic as with the (older) lanthanoid elements, where the homologue 1 of the element is Europium. The name America is, in turn, derived from Vespucci's name Amerigo, but that's another story. Americium, a radioactive element, was identified by Glenn T Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso and co-workers in 1944. Antimony (51Sb) Antimony was thought not to be found alone in nature. Its name is derived from this assumption: anti and monos are Greek for 'not' and (in this context) 'alone'. While it is true that the element is predominantly found as a component in many minerals, it is also found in its elementary form. The element has been known since antiquity. The abbreviation 'Sb' comes from the mineral stibnite (antimony sulfide) in which it occurs. Stibni is Greek for 'mark' because this mineral was used as a black pigment. Argon (18Ar) Argon derives from the Greek word argos meaning 'inactive'. Argon is a very inert, or inactive, gas, hence the name. Argon was isolated and characterised by John William Strutt (aka Baron Rayleigh) and William Ramsay in 1894 (cf. also The History Around the Noble Gases ). Arsenic (33As) Arsenic has a deeper etymology. 'Arsenic' is derived from the Greek word arsenikon which in its turn is derived from the Persian word az-zarnikh with zar meaning 'gold'. Gold? Az-zarnikh probably means 'gold pigment' which in Latin is auripigmentum - this later mutated to orpiment. Yellow orpiment is the name of the yellow arsenic containing mineral (arsenic sulphide) which the Greeks, Romans and Persians used as a dye and for medicinal purposes. The element arsenic was probably isolated for the first time from this mineral in 1250 by Albert von Bollstadt (aka Albertus Magnus). Astatine (85At) Astatine is an unstable, synthetic element. It was synthesised in 1940 by Dale Corson, Kenneth MacKenzie and Emilio Segre. The Greek word for 'unstable' is astatos. The ending 'ine' follows the naming pattern of the halogen group. Barium (56Ba) Barium is a relatively rare element. It was isolated for the first time by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. Its existence was suspected before by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, as a heavier compound in certain minerals. Scheele therefore called this heavier component according to the Greek word for 'heavy': barys, from which 'barium' is derived. Berkelium (97Bk) Berkelium was synthesised by Glenn T Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso and co-workers by neutron bombardment of a certain Americium isotope. The experiment took place in 1949 in Berkeley (a small town) in California, hence the name. The naming also follows the pattern in the lanthanoid series, as its homologue is terbium (named after Ytterby, also a small town). Beryllium (4Be) Beryllium is named after the gemstone containing beryllium, which forms well-shaped transparent crystals. These crystals were known of and used by the ancient Greeks as magnifying glasses. The Greeks called this material beryllos 2 . Beryllium was identified by Nicholas-Louis Vauquelin in 1797 and isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler. The element was also widely known as glucinium ('Gl') because of the sweet taste of many beryllium salts. This name was discarded in 1949 on the basis of 'prevailing usage'. Bismuth (83Bi) Bismuth occurs naturally, and was mentioned for the first time in a German document of 1472 as Wismuth. Bismuth, however, was not recognised as being an element itself and was often confused with tin or lead. Only in 1753 was it shown by Claude Geoffroy that Bismuth is indeed an element. Wismuth comes from the German words Wies and Mutung. 3 Mutung is the old designation for the place where a mineral occurs, or a mine. Wies (in the aforementioned 1472 document) refers to a place called in den Wiesen which was near a hill called Schneeberg in the Erz mountains, a southern part of eastern Germany. So Wismuth is originally the designation for the mineral found in that particular mine. Later on the 'W' mutated into a 'B' during the Latinisation of German documents, which is where the modern spelling comes from. Boron (5B) Boron takes its name from borax a boron-oxide also known in antiquity: the Arabic name for this compound was boraq meaning white. Boron was isolated for the first time in 1808 by Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis Thénard, and in the same year, independently, by Sir Humphry Davy. Bromine (35Br) Bromine is a volatile, toxic, red liquid. And boy does it stink. The Greek word for stench is bromos. The isolation of bromine is credited to Antoine Jerôme Belard in 1826. Carl Löwig obtained bromine one year earlier in 1825. Löwig, however, didn't make his observations public. Cadmium (48Cd) Cadmium is named after the Greek designation kadmeia for calamine, the mineral in which cadmium occurs. The mineral in its turn is named after Kadmeia a fortress in Greece, which is named in honour of Cadmos the son of Agenor, a Phoenician king. Cadmium was isolated by Friedrich Stromayer in 1817. Calcium (20Ca) Calcium is named after the Latin designation calx for the mineral lime, in which calcium occurs (limestone and quicklime, calcium carbonate and oxide respectively). It was obtained for the first time by Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. Californium (98Cf) Californium is rather obviously named after the state of California. 'California' itself was derived by the Spanish explorers from the name of the queen of an Amazon tribe that supposedly lived in the northern part of California - Queen Califia. California is where Glenn T Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso and co-workers synthesised small amounts of the element in 1950. Carbon (6C) Carbon is derived from the Latin word carbo for charcoal. Elementary carbon (diamond, graphite or charcoal) was already known of in ancient times. Smithson Tennant proved in 1797 that carbon is an element. Cerium (58Ce) Cerium is named after the asteroid Ceres, which was discovered in 1801, and is itself named after - you guessed it - Ceres, the Roman goddess of earth, agriculture, fertility, and grain. The element Cerium was identified in 1803 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius. Cesium (55Cs) Cesium - the internationally-accepted spelling is caesium - was identified using spectroscopic methods in 1860 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (cf. also The History of Optical Science ). Caesius is Latin for 'sky blue,' the colour of the element's emission spectrum . Chlorine (17Cl) Chlorine is a greenish-yellow (also toxic and aggressive) gas. Chloros is Greek for 'greenish yellow'. Chlorine was identified in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, but he didn't figure out it was an element. Sir Humphry Davy did, in 1810. Chromium (24Cr) Chromium is responsible for the many different colours of its compounds - its name is derived from the Greek word chroma for 'colour.' Chromium was obtained as a metal for the first time in 1798 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, and in its pure form by Hans Goldschmidt in 1894. Cobalt (27Co) Cobalt is derived from the German word Kobold which is a fictitious creature similar to a goblin. Kobold in its turn is derived from cobalos the Greek word for 'mischievous'. But why was the element named after a goblin? Cobalt is commonly found as cobaltite (cobalt arsenide), a shiny, promising mineral. However when processed no precious metal is obtained, just toxic garlic stench, from the arsenic compounds. Cobalt was obtained in its pure form by Georg Brandt in 1735. Copper (29Cu) Copper was known in ancient Rome as aes cyprium meaning 'ore from Cyprus'. The name later mutated to 'cuprum' from which its symbol is derived. Copper-mining dates back to prehistoric times. Curium (96Cm) Curium was identified by Glenn T Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso in 1944, and isolated by Isadore Perlman and Louis Werner in 1947. It was named in honour of Pierre and Marie Curie, pioneers in actinoid research. This naming follows the same pattern as in the lanthanoid group: Curium's homologue in that group is Gadolinium, which was named after Johan Gadolin, the pioneer in lanthanoid research. Minute amounts of curium probably occur naturally in uranium-containing minerals. Dysprosium (66Dy) Dysprosium was named after the Greek word dysprositos which means 'hard to get at'. André Lecoq de Boisbaudran identified the element in 1886, George Urbain isolated impure dysprosium in 1906 and it was obtained in its pure form only in 1950 by Frank H Spedding and co-workers - dyspriosium is really 'hard to get at'. Einsteinium (99Es) Einsteinium was named in honour of Albert Einstein. Ironically (as Einstein was a militant pacifist) Einsteinium was discovered in the debris of the first thermonuclear 4 explosion (November 1952, in the Pacific Ocean) by Albert Ghiorso and co-workers. Erbium, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Terbium (68Er), (70Yb), (39Y), (65Tb) All named after Ytterby, the site of a quarry, and a village near Stockholm, Sweden. Minerals from this site contain unusually high amounts of rare-earth elements (elements 58-71). Rare-earth elements 5 behave very similarly and are thus difficult to separate. Yttrium (not a rare-earth element) was isolated in 1794 by the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin from a mineral, mined in and named after Ytterby, called yttria. Ytterbium was named after another mineral occurring in Ytterby, called ytterbia. Terbium and erbium were found in the minerals terbia and erbia (which were often confused and originally named erbia and terbia, respectively). These minerals also occur in Ytterby. Erbium was identified in 1905 by Georges Urbain and Charles James (independently) and isolated in 1934 by Wilhelm Klemm and Heinrich Bommer. Terbium was identified in 1843 by Carl Gustav Mosander. Ytterbium was identified by Jean-Charles G de Marginac in 1878. Europium (63Eu) Europium is named after Europe, which itself comes from 'Europa' in Greek mythology - but that's another story. 6 Europium was identified by spectroscopy in 1890 by Andre Lecoq de Boisbaudran and isolated in 1901 by Eugene Demarcay. Fermium (100Fm) Fermium was named in honour of Enrico Fermi. Fermium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso in the debris of the first thermonuclear 7 explosion in 1952. 1 A homologue element is situated directly above or below the element in the periodic table of the elements, and has often similar properties. 2 The German word 'Brille' ('eyeglasses') is derived from that word. 3 Many textbooks claim that Wismuth comes from the German meaning 'white mass' - not true. 4 aka H-Bomb, or fusion bomb 5 which turns out are not so rare, just very finely-dispersed 6 The actinoid homologue was named 'americium' following the same pattern of the lanthanoid group. 7 aka H-Bomb, or fusion bomb	i don't know
Which chemical element, with the symbol 'Rb', takes its name from the Latin for 'deepest red'?	Very reflective white metal. Will spontaneous combust upon exposure to the atmosphere melting point 39 °C; 102 °F boiling point 688 °C; 1270 °F density 1.53 g/cc; 95.64 pounds/cubic foot 1861 Robert Wilhelm Bunsen & Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, Germany rubidus = deep red (Latin) History & Etymology Rubidium was discovered by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) at the University of Heidelberg, in 1861, when they noticed the existence of new spectral lines in the mineral lepidolite from Saxony (note) . "Therefore we propose for this alkali metal, in respect to those two remarkable dark red lines, the name Rubidium with the symbol Rb from Rubidus which was used by the ancients to designate the deepest red." Interesting is the note to Aulus Gellicus, a rather obscure Roman writer from the middle of the second century AD. Only one, incomplete book is left, the Noctes Atticae (Attic Nights). This work takes its name from having been begun during the long nights of a winter which he spent in Attica. In this work he had jotted down everything of unusual interest that he heard in conversation or read in books. Chapter 26 of the second book is about the words for the different colors in Latin and Greek, "Sermones M. Frontonis et Favorini philosophi de generibus colorum vocabulisque eorum Graecis et Latinis; atque inibi color «spadix» cuiusmodi sit" [= Philosophers Sermones M. Frontonis and Favorini on the origin of colors and their words in Greek and Latin, and how the color «spadix« [=brown] ranks among them], verse 8 is "Non enim haec sunt sola vocabula rufum colorem demonstrantia, quae tu modo dixisti, «russus» et «ruber», sed alia quoque habemus plura, quam quae dicta abs te Graeca sunt: «fulvus» enim et «flavus» et «rubidus» et «poeniceus» et «rutilus» et «luteus» et «spadix» appellationes sunt rufi coloris aut acuentes eum quasi incendentes aut cum colore viridi miscentes aut nigro infuscantes aut virenti sensim albo illuminantes." («Russus» and «ruber» are not the only words that denominate the color red, as you've said recently; however, we have many others, which you said were Greek: «fulvus» [=gold yellow] and «flavus» [=blond or blushing red] and «rubidus» [=dark red] and «poenicus» [=purple] and «rutilus» [=yellowish red, maybe orange] and «luteus» [=gold yellow or pink] and «spadix» [=brown] are all names for the color red, either sharpening or lightening it, or mixing it with the color green, or darkening it, or gradually turning it fresh and white), and 24: "«Rubidus» autem est rufus atrior et nigrore multo inustus, «luteus» contra rufus color est dilutior" (However, «rubidus» is a darker and much more blackish red; «luteus» on the other hand is a lighter form of the color red). (Thanks Dennis for the translations) The preparation of the metal was tried by Bunsen, but he never got samples with more than 18% of Rubidium. The separation of the metal was only accomplished by Hevesy, through the hydrolysis of melted Rubidium hydroxide. Later, Hevesy also obtained Rubidium through the reduction of that hydroxide Sodium, Potassium or hot Aluminum. Chemistianity 1873 Is of white colour and quickly oxides; 'Tis a proved close ally to Potassium, and Cæsium, in Chemical action. Further reading Gmelins Handbuch der anorganische Chemie, 8. Aufl.; System-Nummer 24 (1937). Mary Elvira Weeks, Discovery of the Elements, comp. rev. by Henry M. Leicester (Easton, Pa.: Journal of Chemical Education, 1968), pp. 603-606.	Rubidium
Which Tennis player lost to Bjorn Borg in two Wimbledon finals?	The Parts of the Periodic Table Lr Group 1A (or IA) of the periodic table are the alkali metals: hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). These are (except for hydrogen) soft, shiny, low-melting, highly reactive metals, which tarnish when exposed to air. The name comes from the fact that when these metals or their oxides are dissolved in water, a basic (alkaline) solution results. Because the alkali metals are very reactive, they are seldom (if ever) found in their elemental form in nature, and are usually found as ionic compounds (except for hydrogen). The alkali metals have only one valence electron in their highest-energy orbitals (ns1). In their respective periods, they are the largest elements and have the lowest ionization energies. The valence electron is easily lost, forming an ion with a 1+ charge. The alkali metals are solids at room temperature (except for hydrogen), but have fairly low melting points: lithium melts at 181ï¿½C, sodium at 98ï¿½C, potassium at 63ï¿½C, rubidium at 39ï¿½C, and cesium at 28ï¿½C. They are also relatively soft metals: sodium and potassium can be cut with a butter knife. Salts of the Group 1A elements tend to be extremely soluble in water. Because the alkali metal ions are relatively large (compared to other ions from the same period), their charges densities are low, and they are easily separated from their anions and solvated by polar solvents like water. The alkali metals (again, except for hydrogen) react vigorously with water, producing the metal hydroxide, hydrogen gas, and heat. 2M(s) + H2O(l) ï¿½ MOH(aq) + H2(g) (Heat plus hydrogen in an oxygen atmosphere is, of course, a very dangerous combination!) The reaction becomes more vigorous as one moves from top to bottom in Group 1A: lithium sizzles fiercely in water, a small amount of sodium reacts even more vigorously, and even a small amount of potassium metal reacts violently and usually ignites the hydrogen gas; rubidium and cesium explode. This is a result of the fact that the size of the element increases as we move down the group: as the size of the metal increases, the valence electron is farther away from the nucleus, and is thus more easily removed (i.e., the ionization energy is lower). Hydrogen (H, Z=1). Although hydrogen is placed at the top of Group 1A in most versions of the periodic table, it is very different from the other members of the alkali metal group. In its elemental form, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, extremely flammable gas at room temperature, consisting of diatomic molecules of H2. Molecular hydrogen boils at -253ï¿½C (20 K), and freezes at -259ï¿½C (14 K). Under tremendous pressure (about 2 million atmospheres), it can be converted to a metallic form, capable of conducting electricity. (It has been theorized that center of the planet Jupiter consists of metallic hydrogen.) In the Earth's crust, it is found at a concentration of 1500 ppm (mostly in the form water and of organic compounds), making it the 10th most abundant element. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (75% by weight, or 88% of all of the atoms of the universe); hydrogen and helium together make up 99% of the "normal" matter of the universe. (Of course, there's also "dark matter" and "dark energy" to worry about, but that's another story.) Hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium were produced at the beginning of the Universe in the Big Bang, and became concentrated into stars by the force of gravity. The fusion of hydrogen to form helium provides the power that makes stars shine: in the Sun, 600 millions tons of hydrogen undergo fusion to form helium every second, converting 5 million tons of matter into energy (Einstein's good ol' E = mc2). The fusion of hydrogen and its isotopes (see below) also powers the hydrogen bomb, which contains lithium deuteride (LiD) and tritium; the explosion of a fission-powered bomb produces neutrons which initiate fusion of the deuterium with the tritium, releasing vast amounts of energy. Research into achieving controlled nuclear fusion to generate electricity is being conducted, but the extremely high temperatures that are necessary to initiate the fusion reactions present a major challenge to physicists. Hydrogen typically does not form cations, but instead forms compounds through covalent bonding. Hydrogen can form bonds to many other elements, such as nitrogen (NH3 and its derivatives), oxygen (H2O) and sulfur (H2S), the halogens (HX), and carbon, where it is found in millions of different hydrocarbons and other organic molecules (almost all organic molecules contain at least some hydrogen atoms). Hydrogen can also bond to metal atoms, such as lithium (LiH), calcium (CaH2), etc. In these compounds, the bonding is usually pictured as a metal cation combined with a hydride anion (H-). (On some periodic tables, in fact, hydrogen is placed at the top of Group 7A, since like the halogens, it can form a -1 charge.) Hydrogen is also found in acids, which are molecules containing easily-removed hydrogen atoms, usually connected to oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen. When dissolved in water, these substances transfer hydrogen as "H+" (often referred to as a proton) to water, forming the hydronium ion, H3O+. (This is a greatly oversimplified explanation of acid-base chemistry.) Some commonly encountered acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl, also known a muriatic acid), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (HC2H3O2, the active component of vinegar), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and many others. Hydrogen was discovered by the English chemist Henry Cavendish in 1766; hydrogen had been observed before, but Cavendish was the first to recognize not only that it was an element, but that it burned to form water, which also provided conclusive proof that water was not itself an element. The name "hydrogen" was derived by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier from the Greek words hydro ("water") and genes ("forming") There are three isotopes of hydrogen. Hydrogen-1, or protium, contains one proton in its nucleus, and is by far the most common form of hydrogen (99.985% of all the world's hydrogen). Hydrogen-2, or deuterium, contains one proton and one neutron in its nucleus, and comprises the remaining 0.015% of the world's naturally-occurring hydrogen. Hydrogen-3, or tritium, contains one proton and two neutrons, and is only found in trace amounts; it is produced by the interaction of cosmic rays on gases in the upper atmosphere, and in nuclear explosions, but since it has a half life of only 12.3 years, it does not accumulate in the atmosphere. Heavy water is water made from two atoms of deuterium and one atom of oxygen. This form of water is literally heavier than "ordinary" water, since an atom of deuterium is twice as heavy as an atom of "regular" hydrogen. (H2O has a molar mass of 18.02 g/mol; D2O has a molar mass of 20.03 g/mol.) Ordinary water contains about 1 molecule of D2O for every 7000 molecules of H2O. The electrolysis of water concentrates D2O in the solution, since the lighter isotope evaporates from the solution slightly faster. Successive electrolysis experiments allow pure heavy water to be produced, but it takes about 100,000 gallons of water to produce 1 gallon of heavy water by this method. Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear reactions: it slows down fast-moving neutrons, allowing them to be captured more easily by other nuclei. The generation of heavy water was important during the research on nuclear fission that went into the Manhattan Project during World War II. Because the deuterium in heavy water is heavier than ordinary hydrogen, the consumption of heavy water disrupts some cellular processes, especially those that rely heavily on hydrogen bonding (see below): seeds grown in heavy water do not germinate, and rats die after a week of drinking nothing but heavy water, when their body water reaches 50% deuteration. (For a typical person, a fatal dose would require drinking nothing but heavy water for 10 to 14 days, so it's pretty doubtful that heavy water poisoning will be featured on CSI anytime soon.) Most hydrogen is prepared industrially be reacting coal or hydrocarbons with steam at high temperatures to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is called synthesis gas, and can be used in manufacturing methanol). On smaller scales it can be produced by the reaction of active metals (such as zinc, calcium, etc.) with hydrochloric acid, or by the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen gas is combined with nitrogen in the Haber process to synthesize ammonia (NH3), which is widely used in fertilizers. It is also used in the manufacture of hydrogenated vegetable oils; in this reaction, hydrogen atoms add to the carbon-carbon double bonds in the vegetable oils (double-bonded carbons bond to fewer hydrogen atoms than single-bonded carbons — i.e., they are unsaturated with respect to hydrogen), converting them into saturated fats, which are generally solids at room temperature. Another use for hydrogen is in rocket fuels: the Saturn V rockets that launched the Apollo lunar missions used 209,000 gallons of kerosene and 334,500 gallons of liquid oxygen in its first stage (S-IC), 260,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen and 83,000 gallons of liquid oxygen in its second stage (S-II), and 69,500 gallons of liquid hydrogen and 20,150 gallons of liquid oxygen in its third (S-IVB) stage; the Space Shuttle main engines use 385,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen and 143,000 gallons of liquid oxygen. Hydrogen is lighter than air, and was used in balloons and dirigibles (also known as airships or zeppelins). Dirigibles were used in city-to-city air travel in the early 1900s, and in trans-Atlantic crossings in the 1920s and 1930s. (During World War I, German zeppelins were used in bombing runs over England, since they could fly higher than the British planes.) On May 6, 1937, the German dirigible Hindenburg caught fire as it came in for a landing at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey; 35 people out of the 97 aboard and one person on the ground were killed. The exact cause of the fire is still the subject of speculation, but the disaster signaled the beginning of the end for airship travel. Modern "blimps" use helium to provide lift, which avoids the problem of hydrogen's flammability. Molecules which contain hydrogen bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine can attract one another through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are a particularly strong form of dipole-dipole forces, which arise because of the unequal sharing of electrons in some covalent bonds. If one atom in a covalent bond is more electronegative than the other, it "pulls" harder on the electrons that the two atoms share, giving the more electronegative atom a partial negative charge, and the less electronegative atom a partial positive charge. The partially negative atom on one molecule attracts the partially positive atom on a neighboring molecule, causing the two molecules to be more attracted to each other than two nonpolar molecules (which have no electronegativity differences between their bonded atoms) would be. Molecules that interact by these dipole-dipole forces tend to have higher boiling points than nonpolar molecules, because higher temperatures are necessary to overcome the attractive forces between the molecules and separate the molecules into the gas phase. In the case of O—H, N—H, and F—H bonds, the electronegativity differences are particularly large because fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most strongly electronegative elements. The attractive forces between molecules containing these bonds are particularly strong, and are given the name hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are not as strong as covalent bonds, but they greatly influence the physical properties of many substances. In particular, hydrogen bonds are responsible for the fact that water is a liquid at temperatures at which molecules of similar molecular mass are gases. (For instance, hydrogen sulfide, H2S, which weighs 34.08 g/mol, boils at -60.28ï¿½C, while water, weighing in at a measly 18.02 g/mol, boils at 100ï¿½C.) Ice floats on liquid water because the hydrogen bonds hold the molecules into a more open, hexagonal array, causing the solid form to be less dense than the liquid form. In living systems, hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in many biochemical process, from the coiling of proteins into complex three-dimensional forms to the structure of the DNA double helix, in which the two strands of DNA are held together by the hydrogen bonding between their nucleic acids components. Hydrogen is also important in a form of spectroscopy called Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). In this technique, a sample is placed in a powerful magnetic field (usually produced by a superconducting magnet — see the section on Helium ), which causes the hydrogen atoms in the sample to resonate between two different magnetic energy levels; pulsing the sample with a burst of radiofrequency radiation (typically between 200 to 500 MHz) causes the hydrogen atoms to absorb some of this radiation, producing a readout called an "NMR spectrum" which can be used to deduce a great deal of structural information about organic molecules. Since almost all organic molecules contain hydrogen atoms, this technique is widely used by organic chemists to probe molecular structure; it can also be used to determine a great deal of information about extremely complex molecules such as proteins and DNA. The technique is nondestructive, and only requires small amounts of sample. NMR spectroscopy can also be performed with the carbon-13 isotope, and several other isotopes of other elements. This technology is also used in an important medical imaging technique called Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); the water molecules in different environments in the body respond to very slightly different magnetic field strengths, allowing images of tissues and organs to be obtained. This technique can be used in diagnosing cancers and creating images of tumors and other diseased tissues. MRI is also used to study how the brain works by looking at what areas of the brain "light up" under different stimuli. (The term "nuclear" is avoided in the medical application because of its unpleasant associations, even though the only radiation involved is similar to that of an FM radio transmitter). Lithium (Li, Z=3). Lithium is a soft, silvery metal, with a very low density, which reacts vigorously with water, and quickly tarnishes in air. The name of the element is derived from the Greek word for stone, lithos. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 20 ppm, making it the 31st most abundant element. It is found in the ores spodumene [lithium aluminum inosilicate, LiAl(SiO3)2], petalite [lithium aluminium tectosilicate, LiAlSi4O10], lepidolite [KLi2Al(Al,Si)3O10(F,OH)2] and amblygonite [(Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH)]. Lithium also presents some exceptions to the "typical" Group 1A behaviors. The lithium ion has a very high charge density because of its small size; thus, many lithium salts have significant covalent-bonding character, instead of being purely ionic. These salts dissociate less easily in water than the salts of sodium and potassium, and are therefore less soluble in water. In addition, lithium can form bonds to carbon which have high covalent character (the organolithium compounds). Lithium was one of the three elements produced in the Big Bang, although it was produced only in trace amounts. Aluminum and magnesium alloys of lithium are strong and lightweight; aluminum-lithium alloys are used in aircraft construction, trains, and bicycles. Lithium-based batteries have very long lifetimes (particular important in implantable devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators), and are very lightweight; they are frequently used in portable electronic devices and computers. Lithium salts (such as lithium carbonate, Li2CO3) are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and some types of depression, and are also used to augment the actions of other antidepressants. Lithium deuteride (LiD, see entry on Hydrogen above) is used in hydrogen bombs; neutrons produced by a fission-powered explosive are absorbed by the lithium atoms, transforming them into tritium; the fusion of tritium and deuterium to form helium releases tremendous amounts of energy. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is used in confined spaces to remove carbon dioxide from the air (the carbon dioxide is captured in the form of lithium carbonate); this is particularly important in submarines and spacecraft. [The improvised device for adapting the LiOH canister from the Command Module section of the Apollo spacecraft to fit in the Lunar Module section provided some tension during the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission, and was featured in the movie Apollo 13 (1995).] Sodium (Na, Z=11). Sodium is a soft, silvery metal that reacts very vigorously with water, and tarnishes easily in air. It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, which consists of 2.6% sodium by weight; seawater is about 1.5% sodium. The name is derived from the English word soda, a term found in many compounds of sodium, such as washing soda (sodium carbonate or soda ash), sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). The symbol "Na" is derived from the Latin name for the element, natrium. It is found in the minerals halite [rock salt, or sodium chloride, NaCl] and trona [sodium carbonate bicarbonate, Na3(CO3)(HCO3)], and can be extracted from seawater. Of the salt that is obtained from these sources, 60% is converted to sodium hydroxide, chlorine, or sodium carbonate; another 20% is used in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent, and another 20% is used for other applications, such as de-icing roads. Metallic sodium is usually stored in mineral oil or some other hydrocarbon, because it will react with the moisture in the air to form sodium hydroxide. A common laboratory demonstration illustrates the reactivity of sodium. A small piece of sodium placed in a dish of water skates around on the surface of the water, hissing violently, and slowly disappears. The sodium reacts with water in a single-displacement reaction, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas: 2Na(s) + H2O(l) ï¿½ NaOH(aq) + H2(g) The sodium hydroxide is soluble in water, and dissolves. This demonstration can become very dangerous if too large a piece of sodium is used, however, since enough heat can be generated to ignite the hydrogen gas. Sodium also reacts vigorously with chlorine gas, producing sodium chloride: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) ï¿½ 2NaCl(s) This reaction releases a great deal of heat energy, and is usually done in a beaker lined with sand to prevent the heat from cracking the glass. (See here for a demonstration.) Energetically excited sodium atoms glow with a yellow light (the strongest emissions are the "sodium D-lines" at 589.0 and 589.5 nanometers), and are prominent in the light from many stars (including the Sun). Sodium is also used in sodium-vapor street lamps. In the body, sodium ions regulate osmotic pressure and blood pressure, and sodium and potassium ions together play a major role in the transmission of nerve impulses. One of the most important compounds of sodium is sodium chloride, NaCl, also known as table salt. Commercially prepared sodium chloride is either mined in the form of halite, from deposits formed by ancient, dried-out sea beds, or by the evaporation of water from sea water. Sodium chloride is subjected to electrolysis in an apparatus called a Downs cell, which produces sodium metal and chlorine gas; the construction of the cell is designed to keep the sodium and chlorine separate from each other as they are produced. Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, also known as soda or soda ash, has been used for centuries in washing clothes (it helps to remove highly charged metal cations, such as calcium and magnesium, from hard water) and in the manufacture of glass, paper, and detergents. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, also known as caustic soda or lye, is a strong base; it is used in drain cleaners, and in the manufacture of detergents (sodium hydroxide breaks down triglycerides — fats and oils such as lard, shortening, olive oil, vegetable oils, etc. — to produce carboxylate salts that form effective soaps). Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is the main ingredient in baking soda, and is used as a leavening agent in the making of bread and other baked goods. Potassium (K, Z=19). Potassium is a soft, silvery metal that reacts extremely vigorously with water, and tarnishes rapidly in air. Its name is derived from the English word "potash," for potassium carbonate, a compound found in high concentrations in wood ashes. The symbol "K" is derived from the Latin name for the element, kalium. Potassium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust (2.1%). The main ores in which potassium is found are sylvite [potassium chloride, KCl], carnallite [KMgCl3ï¿½6H2O], and alunite [KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6]. Potassium is essential for plant growth, and is heavily used in fertilizers. In the body, potassium plays a vital role in the contraction of muscle tissue; the movement of sodium and potassium ions in nerve cells plays a major role in the transmission of nerve impulses. When heated, potassium salts glow with a purple color, and are used in fireworks. Like sodium, metallic potassium is usually stored under mineral oil or some other hydrocarbon; it can also react with oxygen in dry air to produce potassium superoxide, KO2 (see below). Potassium undergoes a a reaction with water similar to that of sodium; the products of the reaction are potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. This reaction releases a great deal of heat energy, often igniting the hydrogen gas that is produced. Potassium-40, which accounts for 0.0117% of the world's potassium, is radioactive, with a half-life of 1.25 billion years. It undergoes electron capture to produce argon-40; a comparison of the ratio of potassium-40 to argon-40 in rocks can be used to determine the age of the rock (potassium-argon dating). Trace amounts of potassium-40 are found in all sources of potassium; in a typical human, about 170,000 atoms of potassium-40 decay every second. The energy released by the decay of potassium-40 is partially responsible for the interior heat of the Earth, along with the decays of thorium and uranium. There are a number of widely-used compounds of potassium. Potassium chloride, KCl, is used in salt substitutes (mixed with sodium chloride to improve its flavor), and in fertilizers; massive amounts of potassium chloride are used in lethal injections to cause rapid death by cardiac arrest. Potassium carbonate, K2CO3, also known as potash, is used in the manufacture of glass. Potassium hydroxide, KOH, also known as caustic potash, is used in making soaps and detergents. Potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter, is a powerful oxidizer, and is one of the ingredients of gunpowder. Potassium chlorate, KClO3, is a very powerful oxidizer, and is used in match heads and fireworks. Potassium superoxide, KO2, reacts with carbon dioxide to produce potassium carbonate and oxygen gas; it is used in rebreathers and respiration equipment to generate oxygen, and is also used in mines, submarines, and spacecraft. Rubidium (Rb, Z=37). Rubidium is a soft, white metal; it is similar to sodium and potassium in its reaction with water, but the reaction is even more violently exothermic. Its name is derived from the Latin word for deep red (ruby), rubidius. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 90 ppm, making it the 22nd most abundant element. It is not found in any unique minerals, but is present in trace amounts in lepidolite, pollucite, carnallite, zinnwaldite, and leucite. Rubidium melts at 39ï¿½C (102ï¿½F), so in Texas (where I am writing this) it may be a liquid instead of a solid if the air conditioning isn't working that day. Metallic rubidium spontaneously combusts in air. In flame tests, rubidium salts produce a reddish-violet color, and are sometimes used in fireworks. Rubidium is used in the manufacture of vacuum tubes and cathode ray tubes (CRTs), and is used in some atomic clocks. In 1995, a vapor consisting of 2000 rubidium-87 atoms was cooled to 170 nanokelvins (170ï¿½10-9 degrees above absolute zero), producing the first Bose-Einstein condensate, a bizarre state of matter in which all of the atoms occupy the same quantum state, effectively acting as a single superatom (Nobel Prize in Physics, 2001). Cesium (Cs, Z=55). Cesium (also spelled as "caesium") is silvery-gold colored metal, which melts at 28ï¿½C (82ï¿½F); a sample of cesium will melt in your hand (not that I'd recommend doing this!). Cesium undergoes the same reaction in water as lithium, sodium, and potassium, but even more violently; because cesium is a very large atom, the outermost electron is lost very easily, and the process is extremely exothermic. The name is derived from the Latin word caesius, which means "sky blue," because salts of cesium produce a blue color when heated. Cesium is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 3 ppm, making it the 46th most abundant element. The main ore of cesium is pollucite [CsAlSi2O6]; the refining of pure cesium is made even more difficult by the presence of trace amounts of rubidium in the ore, which is chemically very similar to cesium and thus difficult to separate. Because cesium is so reactive, it is used as a "getter" to remove all traces of other gases from vacuum chambers, cathode ray tubes, and vacuum tubes. Some cesium salts give off light when exposed to X-rays and gamma rays; they are also used in photoelectric cells. Cesium is used in atomic clocks. In the SI system, a second is defined as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the ground state and one of the excited states of the cesium-133 atom. Radioactive cesium-137 is produced in the testing of nuclear weapons, and in nuclear power plants; the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant in 1986 released large amounts of cesium-137, which contaminated a great deal of Western Europe. Cesium-137 has a half-life of 30 years, and undergoes beta-decay to produce barium-137m, a metastable isotope of barium with a half-life of 2.6 minutes, which emits gamma rays to produce stable ground-state barium-137. Since cesium ions are so heavy, research on the use of cesium in ion propulsion drives aboard spacecraft and satellites is being conducted. Francium (Fr, Z=87). Francium is an extremely rare, radioactive metal. Its is named for France, the country in which it was first isolated. It is found in the Earth's crust only in trace amounts, and is one of the least abundant elements on the Earth. Traces of it are found in uranium ores, where it is produced in the decay series of uranium-235; there is probably only about 20 to 30 grams of naturally-occurring francium in the entire Earth. All of the isotopes of francium are radioactive, and most have half-lives of less than five minutes; the longest-lived isotope (francium-223) has a half-life of 21.8 minutes. The possible existence of francium was predicted by Mendeleev from a gap in his periodic table, but the element wasn't discovered until 1939, by Marguerite Perey, an assistant to Marie Curie at the Radium Institute in Paris. References John Emsley, The Elements, 3rd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. John Emsley, Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. David L. Heiserman, Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books, 1992.	i don't know
In Norse mythology, what was the name of the rainbow bridge which connects Earth with Asgard, the realm of the gods?	Bifrost - Norse Mythology for Smart People Norse Mythology for Smart People Bifrost The Rainbow Bridge in Richard Wagner’s Das Rheingold, directed by Otto Schenk (1990) Bifrost (pronounced roughly “BEEF-roast;” Old Norse Bifröst) is the rainbow bridge that connects Asgard , the world of the Aesir tribe of gods, with Midgard , the world of humanity. Bifrost is guarded by the ever-vigilant god Heimdall . During Ragnarok , the giants breach Heimdall’s defenses and cross the bridge to storm Asgard and slay the gods. The etymology of the word is uncertain. The original form of the name seems to be Bilröst,[1][2] which suggests a meaning along the lines of “the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow.”[3] If Bifröst is correct, however, the meaning would be something akin to “the shaking or trembling rainbow.” In either case, the word points to the ephemeral and fragile nature of the bridge. All rainbows, of course, are “fleeting.” In the pre-Christian Germanic worldview, the invisible, religious modality of existence doesn’t lie in a realm of absolute remove from the material world, as in monotheistic religions. Rather, it lies within or behind the everyday, material world. The mythological image of Bifrost expresses the existential meaning that the rainbow carries in this perspective, and, accordingly, Bifrost lies behind and within any and every visible rainbow, each of which is a transitory and quaking bridge between the sky and the earth, between Asgard and Midgard. Looking for more great information on Norse mythology and religion? While this site provides the ultimate online introduction to the topic, my book The Viking Spirit provides the ultimate introduction to Norse mythology and religion period. I’ve also written a popular list of The 10 Best Norse Mythology Books , which you’ll probably find helpful in your pursuit. References:	Bifröst
Mario Echandi Jimenez, who died last month, served as President of which Central American country between 1958 and 1962?	Asgard \| Norse Mythology Norse Mythology A blog full of the Viking myths! Tag Archives: Asgard Asgard Asgard- The home of the the Gods and Goddesses within Norse Mythology. Asgard is the first of the nine realms and rests upon the top level of Yggdrasil. The Gods were known as the Aesir while the Goddesses were known as the Asynjur. Odin was the King of the Asgard and the head Aesir, his wife Frigg was Asgard’s Queen and head Asynjur. Valhalla sits within the gates of Asgard . Valhalla Here Odin reined as God of battle, yet it is from Thor’s name that the day Thursday (Originally Thor’s day) originated. He was believed to welcome warriors who died a heroic death on the battlefield. Every night they would feast upon pork from a boar who’s flesh never diminished yet was eaten every night (For philosophers: Is this possible? An infinite amount of meat when such things e.g. the infinite library are used against it?) and where barrels upon barrels of the finest mead were drunk. The day was passed by the deceased through fighting; however every night those who had perished in the fighting were revived in order to enjoy the feast. Some believed that the reason Odin was so hospitable to the dead warriors was because he was creating a large army, one who would fight beside him during Ragnarok. Special champions, theEinherjar, were said to lead the warriors on that day against Loki and his monstrous children. The Building of Asgard and the First Two Humans Whilst walking along the shore the three brothers; Odin, Vili and Ve came across two trees that had been washed up, taking these two trees the three created the first humans. The first god gave them life and breath, the second intelligence and movement, and it was from the third that humans gained a face, speech, hearing and their eyesight. The humans were given clothing and permitted to live upon Midgard; the humans were called Ask (Ash) and Embla, it is from these two that all human races descend from. In the middle of the world above the Earth the gods built their stronghold and named their home Asgard (Aesir-home). Odin, also known as Alfodr (All-father), established the many seats of power to which he assigned different men with the order to arrange a government. In the middle of this stronghold there was a place named Idavellir (The field of action). The first action performed by the men was the building of a temple which they namedGladsheim (Bright home). Once the temple was completed they built another building; inside this building they they created a hearth and made themselves tools for craftsmanship. (Hammers, tongs, anvils etc, think Skyrim blacksmith if you play it). Using these tools they created metal, stone and wood, including the metal called gold. After this they built many other dwellings. Once the stronghold was completed they established the heavenly seats and divided day and night. Thus Asgard came into existence. Odin A shape-shifter Odin was said to be able to take the form of any God or creature he so desired. Odin is also known as the All-Father due to his infinite wisdom, which he just so happens to top up by drinking his ‘mead of inspiration’. Odin was the king of all the Norse gods; along with all of his descendants Odin was continuously involved in endless battles with the frost giants. Married to the goddess Frigg they had two sons, Balder (beautiful god) and the legendary Thor (God of thunder). In his desperation to learn knowledge Odin hung himself upside down from the great treeYggdrasil, the Tree of Life or the World Tree. After nine nights and days or pain he learnt all of the universe’s mysteries which he then passed on to the Viking people. (Image sourced from: http://fanzone50.com/Tales/Nordic-Anfang.html ) The Bifrost The Bifrost was the bridge of the Gods and would only be visible to man when the sun shines among the rain, hence the nickname the Rainbow Bridge. It is hard to find the beginning of the bridge which was believed to lead mortals to the realm of the Gods. The bridge was believed to span not only the different realms but time itself; rarely being traveled by mortals as only the Gods had the power to locate the bridge and traverse the barriers separating our realms. It was believed that the God Heimdallr (A.K.A. Heimdall) was the keeper of the bridge and would not allow the unworthy to pass into Asgard (The realm of the Aesir)	i don't know
Making his debut for Sunderland last season, who is the only footballer from Benin ever to play in the Premier League?	EPL 100: Ranking the 100 Best English Premier League Players \| Bleacher Report EPL 100: Ranking the 100 Best English Premier League Players By Sam Tighe , World Football Tactics Lead Writer Aug 12, 2013 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Richard Heathcote/Getty Images 854 Comments The English Premier League 2013-14 season is nearly upon us, and Bleacher Report brings you the top 100 players coming into the new campaign. The method used to grade and score the players will be revealed, while any new signings up until Sunday 11 August have been taken into account. Eager to see who the top-rated player is, how your team's new signings measure up to the existing crop or to check on any upsets? The rankings are designed to represent where the players are right now, meaning last season's play is a major factor in their scoring. Nemanja Vidic misses out on the top 100 despite getting some minutes under his belt in preseason because no one can be sure what state he's in at the moment. There's some room to wiggle too, and Shinji Kagawa is a great example of this: A poor 2012-13 season wasn't exactly his fault, and he stands to improve tenfold should David Moyes use him correctly. Shaun Botterill/Getty Images Claude Makelele would have scored obscenely high on our metric for anchor defensive midfielders. In ranking our top 100 players for the coming 2013-14 English Premier League season, we produced a method of scoring each player out of 100 in accordance with his position and individual attributes. We selected the top five attributes critical to each position on the pitch, then weighted those attributes in order of importance to the position. For example, when it comes to deep-lying forwards, movement between the lines and the ability to link play is far more important than scoring headers, and that's reflected in the formula we created. Likewise, it's unfair to grade Andy Carroll on the same metric as Robin van Persie, so we created 18 different positions with different criteria to judge. Sweeper keepers like Hugo Lloris have been separated from regular keepers, there are eight types of midfielders and even surging centre-backs have been split from traditional ones. We won't reveal the full formula and basis for marking, but here's an example of exactly how the anchor defensive midfield role was analysed and graded. Weighting (out of 100) Anticipation/Positioning How aware is the player? We study his positional tendencies, how well he keeps the line of engagement and how quick he is to react to and pre-empt danger. You don't need to make a tackle/interception if you've cut the danger out before it's even reared its head. 30 Tracking When his team is in a two versus three or three versus four situation, on the back foot, how well does he cope with midfield runners darting forward? Does he capitulate and get mixed up or track the appropriate man expertly in a Sven Bender-esque manner? 25 Tackling Exactly what it says on the tin. How clean is the tackle, how does he approach it, how often does he commit fouls and earn yellow cards for poorly executed challenges? Is he forceful or timid? 20 Stamina When under the cosh, how well does the player cope with switching targets consistently in the face of long spells of possession and pressure? How's his engine—can he get up and down the field all day? 15 Passing Anchor midfielders don't have to be flashy passers, but it's still a big part of the game. Does he occasionally play above his station, or simply win the ball and lay it off as per his job description? Does he concentrate and hit short passes cleanly, or make mistakes in dangerous areas? 10 We graded 206 players on our metric to ensure we left no one out, with the top 100 making the official list. In the event of a tie, we've simply asked, "who would benefit a team more at this moment in time?" and ranked them accordingly. Score: 73.7 Leroy Fer is a coup for Norwich City this summer, no question. He failed a medical at Everton in January with his price set at £8.6 million, and now the Canaries have secured his signature for a lower fee of £5 million. He's been playing as a No. 10 at times during preseason, and Chris Hughton will be hoping his Dutch international will be able to feed £8.5 million poacher Ricky van Wolfswinkel with enough chances to fire them to a midtable finish once again. Fer is a beastly player, capable of playing almost every role in central midfield, and combines immense strength and size with respectable pace and awesome aerial ability. He's definitely one to watch for the neutrals. Position: Deep-lying playmaker Score: 73.7 Jack Cork faces a battle to keep his spot in the Southampton starting XI this season. Despite Cork excelling with them for two straight years, Mauricio Pochettino has brought in fresh, new options who will challenge him. The former Chelsea man's partnership with Morgan Schneiderlin has seen Saints become solid and pass-heavy in midfield, with Cork the general dictating play. He's effective in most formations and holds that "possession DNA" so many wish the England national team would adopt—Roy Hodgson could do a lot worse than call young Jack up to his squad. Even with a reduced number of starts this season, Cork will be an effective option for Southampton. Score: 73.7 If Adam Lallana could stay fit, we'd have an England international on our hands. His loyalty to Southampton and determination to play Premier League football with his boyhood club are admirable, and as a result he's the hero of the terraces. His first touch, technique and awareness are phenomenal, and there are few players in this league that can take a ball out of the air more cleanly than Lallana. He needs to up his goal tally in 2013, but that should come naturally with a succession of games under his belt. His movement off the ball is of the highest order, and if his teammates can find him regularly, he can reach double figures. Position: Full-back Score: 73.7 Internazionale were nuts to let Davide Santon go for just £5 million, and he's well on the way to realising his potential in black and white stripes. He's adored at St James' Park for his all-action style, and the threat he carries—from either flank—is the envy of many top-flight full-backs. He is one of few who can claim they had an OK season last year under Alan Pardew, and he'll be feeling the pressure to excel on a regular basis to make Cesare Prandelli's squad for Brazil next summer. Stiff competition in the form of Mattia De Sciglio, Emanuele Giaccherini and Christian Maggio awaits. Can Santon have the season of his life and squeeze in? Position: Central midfielder Score: 73.8 Marco van Ginkel has taken one of the biggest risks possible this transfer window, swapping guaranteed first-team and UEFA Europa League football with Vitesse Arnhem for a shot at the Chelsea first team. According to The Guardian, he's been assured by Jose Mourinho he'll get games and has played a large part in the Blues' preseason preparations, drawing some glamorous comparisons to Chelsea hero Frank Lampard . He boasts a superb all-round game : wonderful engine, defensive work rate and commitment combined with vision, flair and creativity. These players are very hard to come by, and Blues fans are rightly eager to see him in competitive action for the first time. Position: Centre-back Score: 73.8 Newcastle supporters will enjoy one final year of Fabricio Coloccini, as he pledged his allegiance to them in thanks to the incredible support they've shown down the years. The shaggy-haired rock has been a mainstay at the heart of the defence for half a decade, experiencing both the highs of European football and the lows of relegation to the Championship. Aerially he's fantastic, while he also boasts wonderful awareness of what's going on behind him. He and Tim Krul have developed a good understanding, and it's only fitness issues—at both ends—that have stopped them becoming a dominant force together. Position: Poacher Score: 74.1 The last time we saw Steven Fletcher, he was writhing in pain on the turf donning a Scotland kit. He's yet to feature prominently in preseason under Paolo Di Canio, and with Jozy Altidore in place he'll be given every chance he needs to return to full fitness without aggravating his ailment. When he does come back, he'll score goals, no question. It's all he's ever done, be it in the Scottish Premier League, for struggling Wolves or for a serviceable Sunderland. He's as clear a poacher as they come, and as a result graded out very highly in his finishing and movement in addition to his thumping heading ability. Position: Wide forward Score: 74.2 Jay Rodriguez had a so-so debut Premier League season, and if he can turn sporadic success into long streaks of form he will become a serious weapon under Mauricio Pochettino. Under the pressure of a hefty price tag he struggled initially, but that was as much to do with expectation as it was to adapting to a new position—on the left-hand side of Nigel Adkins' 4-3-3. A traditional No. 9, much of his game changed in the first few months as he adapted to become a well-rounded wide player with searing pace and an eye for goal. He's developed fantastic chemistry with Rickie Lambert , and the former Burnley speedster uses his big-bodied teammate to create angles, lanes and opportunities. Position: No. 10 Score: 74.2 Sunderland's talisman in chief, Stephane Sessegnon, will go down as one of Steve Bruce's greatest ever purchases. The Benin international combines great creativity and awareness in the hole behind the striker with power and strength on the ball. It's a wonderful combination and is extremely hard to deal with if you're tracking and covering the man. Sessegnon has felt the heavy burden of expectation, creating most of the team's openings for the past three seasons. If he plays well, Sunderland can win; if he doesn't, they rarely pick up any points. His sending-off against Aston Villa last season sparked fears the Black Cats would go down in his absence. Score: 74.3 The situation Arouna Kone found himself in this summer was absolutely ideal. Despite suffering relegation with Wigan Athletic at the end of last season, Roberto Martinez's appointment at Everton facilitated the Ivorian's move to join him at a bigger, better Premier League club. He walks into a footballing system he's had 12 months of experience in and is expected to take up his role as a deep-lying centre-forward in the 3-4-3/4-3-3 formation. His linkup play is heavily underrated, while he provides the size and presence his team can lean on if the going gets tough. Kone is expected to pick up exactly where he left off at the end of the 2012-13 campaign. Position: Inverted winger Score: 74.3 Though not quite at his best last year, Steven Pienaar remains one of Everton’s key players and will once again be central to his side's offensive approach this season. While Leighton Baines received considerable acclaim for his creative return, it was Pienaar who carved out more chances from open play last season. In fact, aside from Baines, no other Everton player fashioned out half as much as the South African, and he will once again be expected to orchestrate attacks and unlock defences. It will be interesting to see if he remains purely on the left under Roberto Martinez. It’s well known how effective he is playing in tandem with Baines, but it was something David Moyes began tinkering with towards the end of last season. One or two Premier League defences appeared better prepared to stifle this partnership, and the fact Kevin Mirallas prefers cutting in off the left, as he did so well for Olympiakos, saw Pienaar moved around. He started switching to the right more often and even spent phases of play behind the striker. Wherever he features, expect him to once again have a large say in Everton's attacking fortunes. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 74.4 Youssouf Mulumbu goes about his business in a quiet, tidy fashion which remains unappreciated by the large majority of English Premier League fans. He and Claudio Yacob formed a wonderful partnership at the base of Steve Clarke's 4-2-3-1 throughout the 2012-13 season, and the duo showed good understanding and versatility in moving to a 4-3-3, a 4-4-2 and a 3-5-2. He's strong in the tackle, tracks his markers well and never commits too early or too vigorously—you'll find it hard to get past Mulumbu, dribbling or passing. He's a Steve Clarke favourite due to his simple, direct style: retrieve the ball and start an attack in the simplest manner possible. Position: Target man Score: 74.4 It's rare in football that a transfer results in three incredibly happy parties, but that's exactly what's happened in the case of Andy Carroll. Liverpool were desperate to get rid of his wages and were willing to recoup what was possible from a £35 million outlay, West Ham were desperate to keep him around given his popularity with the fans and tactical fit under Sam Allardyce, while Carroll found another club willing to pay him tonnes of cash on a weekly basis. Win, win, win. Carroll now enters the season under immense pressure, but strikers in his mould—aerially dominant in a side that is predicated on playing to his strengths—will never fail to have an impact. He's unplayable in the air and, if he can avoid ailments, could be a dark horse to be a top-five Premier League goalscorer in 2014. Position: Centre-back Score: 74.5 We keep thinking Sylvain Distin is on the verge of slowing down, but somehow the former Portsmouth man pulls out another top-tier season. Now 35 and in his fifth year with Everton, Distin has formed a reliable partnership with Phil Jagielka that allows Toffees fans to feel confident about their side's defensive fortunes. The Frenchman boasts unbelievable athleticism, with a wonderful leap accompanied by pace you rarely see in a man so tall: As far as centre-backs go, he's one of the quickest in the business. Comfortable on the ball, happy moving in and out of the line and positionally very aware, he should fit right in under Roberto Martinez. Position: Poacher Score: 74.5 Mexican forward Javier Hernandez could be forgiven for harbouring frustrations at his lack of first-team opportunities last season, having averaged a goal every 90 minutes for Manchester United in the Premier League. Renowned for his finishing prowess, doubts had existed about Hernandez's ability outside of the penalty area. However, over the past 18 months, the Mexico forward has improved considerably in his all-round play. How long he will be content to play a backup role remains to be seen, but the addition of a new manager at Old Trafford offers hope that he may see an increase in playing time in the coming months. The 2013-14 season is a make-or-break campaign for Hernandez at Manchester United, with the striker in need of regular playing time. Given his phenomenal strike rate with both club and country, Hernandez remains one of the league's most feared forwards. Score: 74.5 Mikel Arteta is a strange case. If he was played in his correct position, he'd soar up the rankings given his prowess in passing and patience on the ball. At Everton he was a regular in the assist column as a visionary No. 10 behind the striker, yet he's filling in at holding midfield for Arsenal, and it doesn't suit him. Props to Arteta for fulfilling the manager's wishes without questioning the logic, but if the Gunners wish to progress and win a title, they cannot do so with Arteta screening the defence. He's a pass master, both short and long, and controls the tempo extremely well to ensure the Gunners are dominant in possession. Arteta's low grading is unfortunate but accurate, and if Arsene Wenger were to move him forward and secure a true defensive midfielder to break things up, this Spaniard would be a lot higher on this list. Score: 74.6 Ben Foster is a thoroughly underrated 'keeper who has consistently shone since leaving Manchester United. West Bromwich Albion pulled off one hell of a deal in luring him from Birmingham City after the club experienced relegation, and Baggies fans have been feeling safe and assured ever since. He's a vocal, vibrant character who celebrates every goal as if he scored it, pumping up the crowd and his teammates simultaneously. Wonderful reflexes, decent aerial presence and very safe hands are his trademarks, while he's also an emerging sweeper 'keeper—his anticipation and positional sense get better with every season. Position: Traditional winger Score: 74.6 Emanuele Giaccherini is a stunning coup for Sunderland, who, after just about surviving relegation, have secured the signature of a reigning Serie A champion. The former Juventus man plays in almost every position imaginable, but preseason form indicates Paolo Di Canio sees him as a left-sided winger in a 4-2-3-1. He goes a long way to taking away some of the pressure placed on Stephane Sessegnon to create and lead the team in the final third, and Black Cats fans are really eager to see what Giaccherini can do on a competitive platform. He's got experience, know-how and hunger to make the Italy side for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Position: Target man Score: 74.6 Rickie Lambert has been doubted at every level he's played at, but fortunately for Southampton he's made a career out of proving people horribly wrong. In League One he was a beast, but could he hack it in the Championship? Thirty-one goals later, Saints are heading for the English Premier League, but again he attracts extraordinary amounts of pessimism when it comes to predicting his goal tally. Fifteen goals was his emphatic answer, and now there can be no doubt: Lambert is a Premier League player who fits the modern mould of the complete striker. He was far too intelligent for the lower leagues, constantly moving and tormenting his markers before beating them in the air and firing the ball home from 40 yards. The former Bristol Rovers man boasts sublime technique, aerial prowess and super-human strength. Position: Full-back Score: 74.6 Rafael was a strong candidate for most improved player of the 2012-13 season, and Manchester United can finally feel convinced they've got a right-back who's a lock for the next decade. Full-backs, on our metric, are graded extremely highly on positional intelligence and how well a player judges when to go forward and when not to. That was Rafael's big weak point when he first came to England, and although it's not up to scratch just yet, it's definitely getting there. His offensive presence is still stronger than his defensive presence, but the latter part of his game grew leaps and bounds last year. Forced to face off against Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale inside the span of a month last season, he had no choice but to get better. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 74.7 Newcastle United picked up quite the bargain in Cheick Tiote, signing the midfielder from FC Twente for just £3.5 million in 2010. He's featured heavily alongside Yohan Cabaye in central midfield for the Magpies, and it was no surprise when Chelsea were interested in both at the end of the 2012 summer window, as reported by the Metro. Tiote is a monstrous defensive midfielder who tackles cleanly and powers his way through games. He's bigger, stronger and far more aggressive than most, but don't underrate the technical side of his game—he's a solid passer of the ball too. Don't make him angry . Position: Centre-back Score: 74.7 If it weren't for Norwich City's stingy defence last season, their goalscoring issues at the other end of the pitch could have been fatal. Michael Turner and Sebastian Bassong lead an exemplary defensive line, and many fans were left stupefied when they comfortably shut out Manchester United in a 1-0 win in 2012. Bassong is the standout, and while he doesn't offer the same goal threat Turner does, he has many of the requisites a modern centre-back dreams of. He has extraordinary strength, brilliant recovery pace and an excellent ability to filter out wide and cover his full-back. He keeps his distances between players on the line extremely well, ensuring no man—not poacher, not target man—can bully the Canaries. Position: Centre-Back Score: 74.7 The signing of Jores Okore represents a real coup for Aston Villa as they prepare for another big season, and many fans of other clubs were disappointed they didn't pursue the Danish centre-half as well. Especially when he only cost £4 million. Paul Lambert has recruited a monstrous young lad who has power, pace, a great leap and a wonderful positional sense. His recovery speed is something many in his position would crave, while his experience in the UEFA Champions League against Shakhtar Donetsk, Chelsea and Juventus should be very useful while acclimating to the EPL. Okore walks into the Villa side as the best central defender on the books, giving Lambert a real selection dilemma when it comes to captain Ron Vlaar and up-and-comer Nathan Baker. Position: Traditional winger Score: 74.9 If Pablo Hernandez can find an element of consistency he can be a top English Premier League winger. He went through spells last season of ingenuity and brilliance, but balanced them out by going missing on occasion. On his day he's electric, and Chelsea felt the full wrath of his capabilities in a hard-fought 1-1 draw at the Liberty Stadium, but he couldn't keep the intensity in his game for long stretches. Swansea have renewed their attacking forces and bought Jonjo Shelvey to do large chunks of running, meaning Hernandez won't be so heavily relied upon to spark things in the forward areas. Score: 74.9 Chico is one of the most un-Spanish Spaniards to be playing the game right now. His outlook is physical, brutish and dominant, far removed from your typical Iberian centre-back who passes gracefully, Chico steams in and deals with danger the old-fashioned way. He's very strong in the air, uncompromising in the challenge and loves to step forward and intercept. He rarely tries a long pass, instead dumping it off to central defensive partner Ashley Williams or one of his more creative midfielders. He's a manager's dream, playing at maximum velocity every game, sticking his head in where it hurts and never overstepping his responsibilities. Position: Full-back Score: 74.9 Arsene Wenger secured the perfect signing in Nacho Monreal of Malaga last January, and the club have looked much stronger in that position as a result of the transfer. No longer does Wenger have to rely on Kieran Gibbs' highly susceptible legs, and Monreal's presence allows the manager to give Gibbs the appropriate rest he needs. Monreal is by no means a slouch, and the Gunners were fortunate to sign him for such a low price. He has spent the last season and a half tormenting opposing full-backs, whipping in dangerous crosses and snuffing out attacks in his own defensive third. He works incredibly hard, passes very well and looks like the all-round prospect Gibbs aspires to become. With a full preseason under his belt with the Gunners, expect even more from Monreal. Position: Inverted winger Score: 75 Ashley Young has struggled to live up to his hefty £16 million fee due to a succession of injuries during his time at Old Trafford. But he's the sort of player who can thrive under David Moyes, and the Scot is likely to give his winger an extended stay in the first team given the contractual situation of Nani. His technique is superb, while Young continues to boast great pace, agility and trickery on the ball. He's taken the term "slippery" a little too far in some people's books, but he's still capable of delivering an inch-perfect cross or curling it round the keeper's finger tips from 25 yards away. Wilfried Zaha would be wise to look to him for some guidance on how to avoid hefty challenges and targeting from defenders. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 75 There'll be a lot of question marks regarding Iago Aspas' ability from the lay fan, but La Liga aficionados will know Liverpool have grabbed a bargain. Aspas was a star on a poor Celta de Vigo side last season and could have made the move to the English Premier League in January when he hit peak form. Instead he held out, helped save the club from relegation by a single point and scored 12 goals in the process. Job done, and Celta receive approximately £7 million for his services after wishing him well. He works insanely hard and boasts wonderful movement, dipping in and out of the forward line and pulling the strings for the strikers. He's got a wonderful leap and a remarkable heading ability given his size, while some good form in preseason has given Brendan Rodgers quite the selection dilemma. Position: Poacher Score: 75 You're the club's record signing, and you've been brought in to fix a massive problem in the striking department—best of luck, Roberto Soldado . The former Valencia hit man arrives on the back of a 24-goal season in La Liga, and Spurs fans will be expecting instant impact and delivery from their shiny new signing. He's not the complete forward Andre Villas-Boas will have wanted, but he's a definite step up from the hit-and-miss Jermain Defoe and seemingly indifferent Emmanuel Adebayor. He'll need to brush up on his first touch and awareness quickly while maintaining his physicality and core strength. Give him the ball in the box and he will score. Position: Centre-back Score: 75.1 With the decline of John Terry and Jose Mourinho's apparent willingness to continue with the back line he inherited, Gary Cahill finds himself in a great position to stamp his authority on a starting role. Branislav Ivanovic will likely timeshare the right-back and centre-back slots, making Cahill, at the very worst, third on the central defensive depth chart. He's an assured passer who dominates aerially and, after developing a knack for scoring goals at Bolton Wanderers, has used that to great effect in a Chelsea shirt. Overhead kicks, volleys, thumping headers...you name it, he can do it. Super technique for a centre-back. Position: Traditional winger Score: 75.1 Much was made of Gareth Bale's absence toward the end of last season, but it would be unfair to suggest Tottenham faltered solely due to the Welshman's ailment. Aaron Lennon provides the sort of natural width very few players do in the modern game, sticking to the right side of the pitch as a right-footed player and stretching it to make space for others. Both Bale and Lennon went down and Spurs' lack of depth on the wings was brought to the fore, with the likes of Gylfi Sigurdsson unable to replicate their offerings and Andros Townsend out on loan at Queens Park Rangers. Lennon's crossing leaves something to be desired, but he can worm his way into the penalty area with his immense quickness and create from a narrower angle. He has the pace most wingers can only dream of. Position: Full-back Score: 75.1 Twelve months ago, most Manchester United fans would have been open to offers for long-serving left-back Patrice Evra, with the 2011-12 season perhaps his most disappointing of his time at the club. It is to Evra's great credit, then, that he has rediscovered some semblance of his past form. The Frenchman was an important figure in his club's title win last campaign, contributing in both attack and defence as the Red Devils stormed to a big points advantage over their rivals. Interestingly, Evra also added goals to his game last year, scoring four times in the league as he proved to be a major threat in the air from set pieces. Evra's endless determination and desire to win have undoubtedly been a major driving force behind Manchester United's recent successes. Position: Target man Score: 75.1 Wilfried Bony, coming off a 31-goal season with Vitesse Arnhem, was one of the hottest striking properties on the market. Top clubs shied away, reluctant to take a gamble on a pricey Eredivisie talent, but Swansea bit quickly and paid the £12 million fee. Early form suggests Michael Laudrup has struck gold once again, as the debate over whether the Ivorian's goals came from poor defending or superb movement is gradually being settled—it's the latter, in case you were wondering. Bony has the ability to take the pressure off Michu 's shoulders and contribute heavily to the team, boasting great close control and an excellent understanding in buildup play. He and Michu are already dropping in and out of each other's positions, driving defences up the wall. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 75.2 Tom Cleverley's meteoric rise to the Manchester United first team was inexplicably halted toward the end of last season by Sir Alex Ferguson. After playing solidly throughout the start of 2013, Cleverley managed 61 minutes against Chelsea in the FA Cup and subsequently wasn't seen for a month. Burnout on young legs? A niggling injury? Your guess is as good as mine, but United fans had grown to love him and look forward to seeing him back on the pitch for the coming campaign. He mixes an all-action style of tenacity and combativeness with the finesse of a ball-playing midfielder. He's got a cracking strike to excite the fans and works extremely hard for his team. With no midfield reinforcements to speak of as it stands, Cleverley is set for another season entrenched in the reigning champions' XI. Position: Wide forward Score: 75.3 After scoring 14 and assisting 10 in the English Premier League last season, you might have expected Theo Walcott to be pushing the top 25 in our rankings. But a big part of a wide forward's job is keeping his cool in order to make the correct decision, and Walcott still struggles with that despite six years of experience in England's top tier. He wants to play as a central striker, and while he can be devastating against lesser defences, he's too limited (technically and physically) to play as a centre-forward against the best sides in Europe. His raw pace is suited to the wider areas, where he can isolate full-backs and hit them one vs. one on the counter, and if he learns to make the right choices at high speed, he can be a late-blooming elite-tier wide man. Position: Ball-playing centre-back Score: 75.4 Two injury-ridden, sub-par seasons from Rio Ferdinand and we thought he was on the way out, but over the course of the 2012-13 campaign, he leveled out as one of the better Premier League centre-backs. He put his troublesome back ailments on the shelf and managed his fitness carefully, turning in 26 league starts and making an effort to guide the younger central defenders on the team. Ferdinand participated in the thrilling encounter with Real Madrid and looked at home over the course of 180 minutes, while also contributing heavily to Sir Alex Ferguson's plan to nullify Gareth Bale at White Hart Lane. Rio stepping up meant Manchester United barely felt the loss of Nemanja Vidic. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 75.5 Aaron Ramsey enjoyed a real uplift in form for the final six weeks of the 2012-13 season. The reason? A multitude of factors, but playing him in a box-to-box role—rather than on the right wing—had a big say in proceedings. He'll be surprisingly high on this list if you've not been watching him closely in 2013, but we can assure he's primed and ready to start growing after a rocky few years post-injury. The Welshman had been terribly off-colour since the Ryan Shawcross incident, and for one so young to have something so horrendous happen, it's easy to see why his play seemed rusty and tentative. He's finally coming out of his shell, and Arsene Wenger must be delighted to have his future star back with a smile on his face. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.6 Many look at Christian Benteke 's 19-goal haul in the English Premier League last season and suggest that's what kept Aston Villa up, but were it not for Brad Guzan's heroics they'd have been dead and buried a long time before May. He re-signed with the Birmingham club after being released last summer. Paul Lambert promised him a shot at the first team and Guzan believed him, but no one expected it to come as soon as the third league game. After some poor errors from Shay Given, the American was given his chance and never looked back, quickly blossoming into one of the finest keepers in the country. His reflexes are brilliant, but what really stands out is his aerial ability. So confident is he to come out and claim crosses, Villa were unfathomed by the height and set-piece prowess the likes of Stoke and West Ham present. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.7 Tim Howard continues to show the sort of consistency that leads us to believe he can emulate the other great U.S. shot-stoppers that have played in the EPL in the past. At 34 years of age he's as good as ever, ensuring Everton fans need not worry about who minds the sticks or organizes the defensive line from behind. Howard has a true propensity for the wonder save, often pulling off outstanding reflex or fingertip stops on his line to deny clear goalscoring opportunities. There was a time during his short stint at Manchester United when it seemed he just wouldn't make the grade, but David Moyes took him in and a constant platform allowed him to grow. He'll need another great campaign to hold off Brad Guzan in the national side. Position: Wide forward Score: 75.7 Lukas Podolski enjoyed a good, solid debut season as a wide forward in Arsene Wenger's 4-3-3/4-2-3-1 formation. He pulled in 11 goals and nine assists in the league, netting particularly crucial strikes at Liverpool and Montpellier and bagging a hat-trick of assists against West Ham. We graded him highly on his finishing, as his ability to smash one in from the tightest of angles is rivalled by few, while his decision-making is also relatively strong in comparison to those in his field. He's not blessed with extraordinary pace nor supreme muscle but manages to engineer good situations for himself and others on a regular basis—a clever player. Position: Poacher Score: 75.7 Alvaro Negredo is a tad expensive at €20 million, but the presence of former teammate Jesus Navas should ensure the Spaniard is a success in his debut season with Manchester City. He scored 25 league goals last year in Spain's top tier, and they came in all different shapes and sizes, benefiting from a varied buildup in a very creative team. His pure finishing skills and instinct in front of goal is superb, but that won't see him straight into first-team contention given the blossoming partnership of Stevan Jovetic and Edin Dzeko. It should be a tough season for Negredo, but he's more than capable of making a serious impact on all fronts for Manuel Pellegrini. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.7 When David De Gea was voted into the PFA Premier League Team of the Year, it was fine reward for two seasons of intensive work since joining the club in 2011. Having been heavily criticised on a regular basis since joining the club and briefly deposed from his first-choice goalkeeper role in the process, the Spaniard should be commended for his attitude in fighting to turn the tide of public opinion. Now, following a near-immaculate second half of the past campaign, he is finally being acknowledged as the outstanding goalkeeper that he is by the English media. De Gea's shot-stopping skills have never been doubted—he is simply outstanding. However, having bulked up considerably, he is now a far more dominant force in dealing with crosses than he was upon signing with the Red Devils two years ago. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 75.7 Ramires is quickly becoming one of the more versatile players in the English Premier League, but we've graded him in his more natural position of box-to-box midfielder. Energy and stamina is an important part of the role, and it's fair to say few can rival Ramires in his ability to get up and down the pitch at great speed. He is, in basic terms, a physical phenomenon, and it would hardly be a surprise if his Chelsea medical revealed a third lung on the scan. Technically he's a little hit-and-miss: capable of some sublime moments— á la Camp Nou —but also some horror shows in terms of mis-controlling the ball or dribbling straight out of play. But his work rate, attitude and physical abilities make him a comfortable addition to any top side. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.8 Asmir Begovic was an inspired signing by Tony Pulis after Portsmouth fell into financial ruin, picking the Bosnia and Herzegovina international up for a mere £3.25 million. He's since been linked with Manchester United—particularly when David De Gea was having trouble settling into English Premier League life—and will command at least six times that fee if he eventually leaves the Britannia Stadium. Begovic is one of the better goalkeepers when it comes to reflex saves on his line, while he's also adept at barking orders and squeezing his defensive line out early after a set piece. He's decent enough in one vs. one situations, though is sometimes left engaging the opponent in a slightly haphazard fashion. Position: Target man Score: 75.8 Olivier Giroud had a decent debut Premier League season, notching 11 goals and three assists from 24 starts. On the surface it looks good, but the Frenchman's irritating tendency to shoot from anywhere on the pitch—hence the paltry conversion rate of 9.7 shots per goal—can anger the Emirates crowd. Toward the end of the season he looked much better, adapting physically to English football and exuding far more confidence on the ball. Arsenal fans have high hopes that Giroud can be a very good player next season, and with no strikers currently signed, he'll be the focal point once more. His linkup play, technique and aerial presence are all top notch. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 75.8 Etienne Capoue has been added to Tottenham Hotspur's ranks by Andre Villas-Boas, creating immense depth in the holding midfield position. The Frenchman faces a battle to make his nation's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad considering the level of competition in his area of expertise, but should he excel at White Hart Lane, he will make the cut. Capoue has made his name as a crunching defensive midfielder who operates superbly in a 4-1-4-1 formation. He's the ideal anchor in a 4-5-1 or 4-3-3, while he could also form a serviceable portion of a double-pivot. He can also drop in at centre-back, but only on an emergency basis. Signing the former Toulouse man is confirmation that AVB will not risk another season without sufficient midfield numbers. **note: this deal is expected to be completed as the player completes his medical , as BBC Sport have reported. Should the deal fall through, Capoue will be removed from the rankings. Score: 75.9 Paulinho arrives at Tottenham Hotspur with a fantastic reputation. He helped Corinthians win the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup against Chelsea, then formed a superb double-pivot with Luiz Gustavo to aid Brazil in securing the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. He's moved into a more expansive role in domestic football over the past 12 months—even playing as a No. 10 toward the back-end of the season—and brings immense versatility and strength to Andre Villas-Boas' midfield. AVB is believed to be itching to play his beloved 4-3-3 formation, the one that went so well at FC Porto and so horribly wrong at Chelsea. He was wise enough to hold fire and wait until he had the right peripherals before installing it at White Hart Lane, and now he is free to do so. Paulinho is primed for a monumental impact, not just as an individual, but in sparking a change in philosophy . Position: Full-back Score: 75.9 When Chelsea went in unopposed to sign Cesar Azpilicueta from Marseille for just £7 million, many questioned why several other UEFA Champions League clubs weren't rivalling the Blues for his signature. "Dave," as the fans call him at Stamford Bridge, stands to lock down the starting right-back berth at Chelsea for the next several years, bringing high work-rate, studious defensive ability and attacking flair to the lineup. He's within a shout of taking up a permanent fixture in the Spanish national side following Alvaro Arbeloa's fall from grace and continues to improve as a player. Azpilicueta's great positional sense and inhuman amount of stamina pushed him up above most other full-backs in our rankings. Position: Target man Score: 75.9 Aston Villa fans rejoiced on July 19 as Christian Benteke withdrew his transfer request and signed a new four-year deal with the club . After an astonishing maiden Premier League campaign in which he bagged 19 league goals to keep the club afloat, the Belgian was heavily linked to Tottenham Hotspur in a £20 million move. But Paul Lambert talked him into staying, and again he forms the focal point of an up-and-coming team who are looking to finish in the top half next season. He's the complete, all-round striker; he runs channels, holds it up, heads it, shoots from long distance and boasts amazing close control and technique. His ominous preseason form has the Villa camp excited—he scored a 33-minute hat-trick against Crewe—and the fans are ready to pin their hopes on him once again. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 76 Newcastle were circling the drain late last season, and one of the main factors in their horrendous form was the season-ending injury to world-class goalkeeper Tim Krul. Krul dislocated his shoulder during the 3-0 loss to fierce rivals Sunderland, forced to sit on the treatment table as the Magpies scraped clear of relegation. Over the past 24 months, Krul has grown into a fantastic goalkeeper: first-choice for the Dutch national team under Louis van Gaal and a future UEFA Champions League shot-stopper for whatever the club. He commands his box superbly, while his agility and reflexes on his line allow him to make some spectacular stops. His long lanky frame enables him to get to balls normally out of reach for most keepers while his strong frame enables him to fend off defenders in the air. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 76.1 The signing of Victor Wanyama for Southampton is nothing short of a tremendous coup on Mauricio Pochettino's behalf, as the Kenyan could have easily signed and slotted into Manchester United or Liverpool's first XIs. He's one of the strongest players in the game and boasts fantastic defensive instinct and awareness, comfortably shielding his defence by stepping out to make an interception. He's forceful in the challenge and can mix it with the best. Wanyama's engine is good and he shows decent ability to track runners when his side is being counterattacked. The only aspect of his game that let him down in our grading was his passing, as he can sometimes commit the cardinal sin of not double-checking his intended ball before committing. Teams can pick up easy interceptions in dangerous areas, and he will need to address this while with Southhampton this season. Position: Target man Score: 76.1 Edin Dzeko looks a man on fire in preseason, forging a fantastic Balkan relationship with Stevan Jovetic and banging home the goals. If he takes that confidence into competitive fixtures, defences across the country will once again fear the towering Bosnian striker. His linkup play and close control is looking exemplary, while he graded out particularly well for his aerial dominance and heading skills. With an extra yard of pace he'd have every attribute under the sun. The addition of Jesus Navas has brought value to Dzeko's presence on the team sheet, giving him curling crosses to utilise with his large, muscular frame. Position: Surging defensive midfielder Score: 76.2 At £30 million Fernandinho is the biggest risk Manuel Pellegrini and Txiki Begiristain have taken this summer, but all signs point toward the former Shakhtar Donetsk player being a success. He provides the perfect tonic to Yaya Toure in holding midfield, displaying a reserved nature that should allow the Ivorian to burst forward with more regularity and cause damage. Fernandinho loves to push forward and break tackles too and did so to great effect against Chelsea in the UEFA Champions League last season, but he can be caught out if a team plays into the space behind him—á la Borussia Dortmund in the Round of 16. He was so desperate to move to Manchester City he waived £4 million owed to him by Shakhtar in order to enable the move, and a big season at both Premier League and UCL level could see him make a late run at the Brazilian 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 76.3 Simon Mignolet —the man who has sparked so much fuss surrounding Pepe Reina and his circumstances at Liverpool. The club felt, after three years of error-ridden performances from their usually-stellar Spaniard, that his approximate wages of £110,000-per-week weren't manageable and recruited a replacement to ensure Reina would exit the club. Reina ended up fleeing to Napoli, and in his place the Belgian arrived. For £9 million he's an absolute steal, as consistently excellent performances over the past several seasons have successfully steered former club Sunderland away from relegation. He faces stiff competition from Thibaut Courtois for a place in the national team and clearly felt he needed to be playing at a higher level. It doesn't get much better than a packed Anfield stadium on a Saturday afternoon. Position: Centre-back Score: 76.4 Some of Everton's defensive displays were masterful last season, and Phil Jagielka is at the heart of it all. The former Sheffield United man graded extremely well on our metric for aerial presence, tracking of markers and runners as well as his awareness of what's going on around him. A true leader, he marshalls the line, sets how high up the team play, takes the ball forward and delegates tracking assignments. He put in a number of outstanding individual performances last season, in particular against Queens Park Rangers to secure a vital point. Another season at this calibre and he's well on his way to Brazil should England qualify. Position: Centre-back Score: 76.5 Daniel Agger did the work of two men last season, continually covering for a sub-par Martin Skrtel and bailing him out. Playing left centre-back is also pretty tough with a wildcard like Jose Enrique on the flank, and the Dane did well to keep a struggling Liverpool defence afloat. He should be set for a much more comfortable season in 2013, and fans will hope to see more commanding performances from him in an aerial sense. He's been named vice-captain by Brendan Rodgers in an effort to stave off lingering Barcelona interest, so fans will be looking to him with a renewed sense of expectation and optimism. Score: 76.6 Hatem Ben Arfa's been out injured for so long some have forgotten he exists. When he's fit and raring to go he's borderline unplayable, combining searing pace with quick-thinking and superb long-range shooting. The technique he boasts when striking, crossing, passing or dribbling is sublime, and he's one of the few wingers in the world almost every full-back fears. He missed huge chunks of last season and was worked back into the side slowly in April but failed to get back up to speed. He should hit the ground running in 2013 and have a big say in how far Newcastle can climb. Score: 76.7 There were times last season when Kevin Mirallas was simply out of this world. His goal against Stoke City , in which he took the ball from inside his own half, turned the defence inside out and slotted home with aplomb, is what he should be doing on a regular basis if he weren't so prone to knocks. The amount of times Mirallas would hop onto the sidelines shaking his head or nursing his ankle was frustrating for Everton fans, as they know they have an electric talent on their hands who needs to be playing every game in order to make their side a force. He boasts wonderful acceleration, top-end speed and his close control at pace is remarkable. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 76.8 We were surprised, after grading every player in the system, that Dimitar Berbatov came out so high. You probably will be too. But that just goes to show how thoroughly underrated he is by all—bar Fulham fans—and how easy it is to forget what a magician he can be when he gets on the ball in the right areas. It wasn't long ago that he was playing for Manchester United, busy winning the Premier League Golden Boot after a solid 20-goal haul, and his game hasn't declined due to the fact its founded on technical abilities. His awareness, ability to create space and unbelievable technique make him a real asset for Martin Jol, and most will agree the Cottagers pulled off a real coup on deadline day in 2012 to grab the Bulgarian. He could still be plying his trade at a UEFA Champions League club with ease. Position: No. 10 Score: 76.8 Oscar may be the least heralded of "The Three Amigos," but that doesn't mean he's unappreciated or underrated by the fans. Throughout his short career so far he's proven to be ridiculously versatile, playing as a No. 10 and a right-winger in a 4-2-3-1 and a box-to-box central midfielder in a 4-3-3. He's most at home behind the striker in a central position, so that's where we've graded him, and he impressed in that role for Brazil this summer in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. His low centre of gravity makes him tough to barge off the ball despite his small stature, while his understanding of the game and how to create and manipulate space is top notch. Andre Schuerrle looks set to threaten Oscar's position in the side, and the Brazilian will need to have a big season to keep the £18 million German out. Position: Centre-back Score: 76.9 In a trade, of sorts, with Fiorentina last season, Manchester City acquired little-known centre-back Matija Nastasic and shedded the unwanted Stefan Savic. Savic has gone on to prosper in purple, while Nastasic has stunned in sky blue: The 20-year-old was a criminal omission from the PFA Young Player of the Year Awards after becoming the mainstay in City's defence. The Serbian international shows Laurent Koscielny-esque reading of the game and, as a result of seeing things earlier than most, negates his smaller stature. He's seen off bigger, more physical opponents such as Christian Benteke and quicker, more instinctive players such as Theo Walcott. Nastasic is already one of the Premier League's best central defenders. Position: Surging Centre-Back Score: 77 Critics of David Luiz—and there are many—were left flabbergasted after some fantastic performances in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. Moving forward he was confident and brought creativity that Luiz Gustavo and Paulinho simply could not, while at the back he was more assured than ever and made a unbelievable goal-line clearance to keep the Selecao in control in the final. He returns to Chelsea still the terrace hero of seasons past, and with dodgy rumours regarding his sale firmly quashed , he can look forward to cementing a first-choice partnership in the heart of the Blues' defence with either Branislav Ivanovic or Gary Cahill. Expect big things from Luiz as he continues a meteoric rise in football fans' estimations. Position: Full-back Score: 77.4 Ashley Cole was quite content to stick around at Chelsea for another season, and the fans are happy to continue watching him roam the left flank. He's far more defensively orientated than most top-level full-backs, and it's refreshing to see a modern defender so conscientious when it comes to defending his flank and mopping up any danger. He picks the right time to go forward but perhaps doesn't have as much of an impact in the final third as some would like: Whether that's down to a lack of chemistry of Eden Hazard , tiring legs or basic instruction, we can't be certain. Jose Mourinho returns and will be odds-on to get the very best out of Cole once again. Position: Target man Score: 77.5 Unless Wayne Rooney signs, the sight of Romelu Lukaku taking a place on the bench for Chelsea on the opening day against Hull City will anger the Stamford Bridge faithful. His 17 goals from 20 starts for West Bromwich Albion was arguably the most impressive haul across the entire English Premier League, and the time is right to let him lead the line ahead of Fernando Torres and Demba Ba. He's the complete forward, but at just 20 years of age still has massive room for growth. Physically he can be unplayable, but he has a surprising amount of top-end speed and a wonderful eye for a pass. He could effectively play in any of the forward roles—be it poacher or deep-lying—but we've graded him as a target man as it suits his burgeoning attributes the best. Score: 77.5 It's hard to believe Chelsea nearly let him go. Chelsea's record goalscorer Frank Lampard signed on for another year before season's end, with Roman Abramovich finally caving to public opinion. He's worth it, no question, and his strike tally of 203 goals is only going to improve with another campaign at Stamford Bridge coming up. Jose Mourinho has a wealth of options in midfield and will likely rotate to keep everyone fresh. This suits Lampard down to the ground at 35 years of age, as, despite his incredible fitness levels, he is experiencing a natural physical decline. His ability to arrive in the penalty area late and lap up easy goals will never diminish, though. Position: Surging defensive midfielder Score: 77.5 Mousa Dembele came to the English Premier League as a striker/second forward but, over the course of his time at Fulham and now Tottenham Hotspur, has converted to a holding midfielder. It's an odd switch, and one you won't see replicated on a wider scale, but Dembele has all the attributes to play as a prototypical surging holding midfielder in 2013. His reading of the game is superb, and he's taken his former ability to open holes from the No. 10 position and transitioned it to an ability to close them on the other side. In possession he's graceful, assured and plays accurate, snappy passes. Dembele has developed a taste for tackling, but relies more on his positional sense than anything else to snuff out danger as early as possible. His size is an advantage when he chooses to steam forward, and his forward's background means he seldom gets a nose bleed when appearing in and around the box. Position: Full-back Score: 77.5 Leighton Baines was the English Premier League's best left-back last season, prompting clamours for him to start on a consistent basis for England. Going forward he's a menace, playing neat triangles and give-and-gos with Steven Pienaar and Marouane Fellaini to wreak havoc down the left-hand side for the Toffees. Under Roberto Martinez his role will likely be similar, as even if the Spaniard switches to a 3-4-3, Baines basically plays as a wing-back anyway. Defensively Baines didn't score as highly as several full-backs, but his crossing tipped him over the edge; He was the most accurate crosser in the Premier League last year, and created a bucket-load of chances for the key attackers around him. Watch out for the "Baines underlap" becoming an actual footballing term. Score: 77.6 Pablo Zabaleta just grades out as our best full-back, and rightly so. The Manchester City right-sider is a consistent and professional presence on the team and boasts an immense understanding of the game. He knows when to go forward and when to drop in, is capable of forming a three-man defensive line in a formation switch and can deputise in midfield or on the wing. He is one of Mark Hughes' best signings ever not only for his footballing abilities, but also his willingness to mentor players off the field who are struggling. He did a fantastic job abating Carlos Tevez throughout his bad spells but remained exemplary on the pitch. Remarkable. Position: Suring centre-back Score: 77.7 Jan Vertonghen was an inspired signing by Tottenham last summer, securing a true ball-playing centre-back for a relative bargain fee. He's become a key player at White Hart Lane, marshalling the high defensive line and surging forward to create mismatches in the midfield. His cameos at left-back for club and country have enabled him to stretch his legs and run with the ball at his feet, and now he's got a taste for it. At the back he's dominant in the air, switches targets extremely well and uses his pace to chase down runners. His absence at the start of the season, caused by horrendous conditions in the Barclay's Asia Tour, is a huge blow for Spurs to take. Position: Deep-lying playmaker Score: 77.8 Steven Gerrard enjoyed something of a renaissance last season after Brendan Rodgers cleverly crafted him a regista-esque role. He was suffering further forward due to that injection of pace disappearing, but he can still thread the eye of a needle with a pass from 50 yards, and Liverpool used that to their full advantage. With speedsters to run the channels and a hardworking Jordan Henderson to occupy the markers in front of him, Gerrard found it easy to drop in, collect the ball from his centre-backs and wreak havoc. Teams needed to focus on putting a man on Gerrard— á la Duda on Ilkay Gundogan, for example—but only Southampton's Mauricio Pochettino was wise enough to devise a plan to stop him. Saints won 3-1, inflicting the Reds' only defeat across the final 12 Premier League games. Doubts about Gerrard's durability have been shelved for now, as he can expect to prosper in this role for another two seasons yet. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 77.9 Morgan Schneiderlin enjoyed the Mecca of debut English Premier League seasons in 2012-13, notching up an astonishing average of 4.1 tackles and 3.9 interceptions per game. He's truly at home in Mauricio Pochettino's high-pressure system, and the Frenchman has been given the freedom to step out and harass midfielders at will. His incredible engine ensures he's back in position in time to make the next vital action, while the #preseasonuncovered campaign run by Southampton proved he has excellent close control too. It was no surprise to see Arsenal linked with a £10 million bid for him by The Sun , given his tremendous form over 36 games. He's only going to get better too. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 77.9 Andre Schuerrle joined Chelsea this summer on the back of a stellar Bundesliga campaign with Bayer Leverkusen. The Werkself, with Sami Hyypia at the helm, shocked many by constructing a brilliant team capable of matching UEFA Champions finalists Borussia Dortmund all the way in the league. Schuerrle was a huge part of the team, contributing 11 goals and seven assists from the left side of a 4-3-3 built on pace and power on the counterattack. Schuerrle stands to fit in with Jose Mourinho's way of playing—also built on explosive, direct attacks—extremely well. He will likely avoid any kind of double-marking due to the star-studded presence of Eden Hazard and Juan Mata on the same team. He's walking into a system that suits him, he's first choice and on form—expect a big year from the £18 million man. Position: Anchor midfielder Score: 78.1 When Sandro fell to the ground at Loftus Road in January clutching his knee, it was pretty evident he was in immense pain. The subsequent announcement that he'd be out for the rest of the reason was no surprise. This was the crushing blow in Tottenham's season, the one that may well have cost them a place in the UEFA Champions League for the 2013-14 campaign. Sandro's influence is huge, but not in the obvious way as with many who play in the role Claude Makelele has made so famous in the 21st century. Spurs had no one else on the roster even remotely capable of replacing his eye for an interception and crunching presence in front of the back four, and they couldn't afford to purchase a replacement such is his quality. He remains one of the world's best screening midfielders and should be primed to start fresh in August. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 78.2 Brendan Rodgers made an inspired signing in January in the form of Daniel Sturridge, taking a relative gamble to bring him to Anfield for £12 million. In just 11 English Premier League starts, the England international grabbed 10 goals and three assists, earning a starting spot in Roy Hodgson's national side after excelling in Luis Suarez 's absence. He and Philippe Coutinho destroyed Newcastle United 6-0 in the back end of April, then bagged a hat-trick for himself at Craven Cottage to affirm his burgeoning talents. He's a wicked finisher from anywhere within 20 yards from goal, but his technique is also fantastic. He likes to drop in and out of the line rather than play exclusively on the shoulder, and his passing game improves with every weekend gone by. Position: Centre-back Score: 78.2 Branislav Ivanovic has been a mainstay in the Chelsea defence since signing in 2008, offering consistency, reliability and versatility. He's monstrous in the air and boasts incredible movement and agility when jockeying for position and space. His goalscoring record from corners is incredible, and perhaps his most important ever goal came in the dying minutes of the UEFA Europa League final against Benfica. Flying forward from full-back, he is better than most converted central defenders, but he still has his limitations on the technical side of the game. That doesn't hinder him when marshalling the middle, though, and he uses a traditional blend of brute force and powerful moves to get the better of his markers. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 78.4 Again, given Stevan Jovetic's prowess in many positions, it was difficult to pin down how he should be graded. He looks set to feature as a second striker more often than a wide man, though, and he played large chunks of the season just gone with Fiorentina as more of a seconda punta. Never seen Jovetic play before? You're in for a treat, as he combines immense technical prowess with intricate touches and long-range bullet strikes. His injury-riddled past is a worry, but he came through the entirety of the 2012-13 campaign unscathed and blossomed as a result. He's a Manchester City player €25 million later, and he should go a long way toward replacing Carlos Tevez—only with significantly less miles on the clock and zero likelihood for tantrums. Position: Sweeper keeper Score: 78.4 Hugo Lloris was a surprise signing at Tottenham given the presence of Brad Friedel, but Andre Villas-Boas' move for the French goalkeeper was well justified by season's end. AVB wanted to install a high defensive line at White Hart Lane and had nearly all the tools to do so: Younes Kaboul and Jan Vertonghen have the pace and awareness to play it, but Friedel is not your prototypical sweeper keeper. Lloris is, and he excelled all season in storming out from the edge of his area to mop up long balls and hopeful punts. Rather than play in goal, Lloris is more the very last line of defence, using his feet in buildup play and confidently claiming crosses and high balls early on. It's a valuable commodity to have, and the Frenchman is only going to get better. Position: Centre-back Score: 78.6 Vincent Kompany needs to put a dismal 2012-13 season behind him and lead Manchester City into a new lease of life. Injuries and a severe drop-off in form hampered the Belgian's performances last year, and if it weren't for the remarkable growth of Matija Nastasic, City may well have been further off the pace. On form, Kompany is one of the world's best central defenders. Aerially he is superb, while he also represents a commanding presence in defence and adjusts the height of his line extremely well. He's got that sliver of pace so many centre-backs crave, while he's also developed excellent ball-playing skills as a byproduct of deputising in defensive midfield. Kompany is not the highest-ranked defender on this list due to poor form over the past 12 months, but there's every chance he will be this time next season should he impress in the manner we all expect. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 78.7 "Jack Wilshere will be a world-beater...if he can stay fit." How tired are we of hearing this phrase uttered? Nevertheless, it rings true: Wilshere has missed large chunks of playing time due to long-term injuries, and fans are simply hoping he's getting them out of the way early in his career. Despite being just 21 years of age, what he has shown us so far is beyond superb. He offers the current crop of England players something no one can replicate—an ability to get his head down and take players on or keep it simple in the possession game. Roy Hodgson wants to build his side around him, Arsene Wenger wants to do the same. His engine, physical style and mindful presence on the field are already at a top, top level. Position: Traditional winger Score: 78.7 Signing Jesus Navas was a remarkably smart move by Manchester City, solving one of their biggest problems from last season by recruiting a superb player for a respectable price. Homesickness concerns aside, Navas looks set to rip the English Premier League to pieces with his near-unrivalled pace. He's more a traditional winger than anything else City have on the roster, and that should allow them to negate the width problems they've experienced for two or three seasons. His crossing brings renewed value to Edin Dzeko's presence in the side, while Alvaro Negredo will undoubtedly prosper given they've played together in Sevilla. A natural wide presence will also unlock more space for the likes of David Silva, Stevan Jovetic and Samir Nasri to work with. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 78.7 Joe Hart had what many consider to be a below-par campaign last year, but he still picked up 18 clean sheets in the league for Manchester City. He made a couple of gaffes and his England form wasn't great, but three consecutive Premier League golden gloves ? Some achievement, it must be said. His agile, reflex-based style is something few can match, and in the words of national boss Roy Hodgson, "produces the save that a normal goalkeeper wouldn't," courtesy of ESPN . He takes good command of his defensive line, screams at them all day long to pull together or push out and can even give captain Vincent Kompany a real earful if he doesn't like what he sees. Sven-Goran Eriksson made the right choice in choosing Hart over Andreas Isaksson five years ago, setting the Citizens up with a keeper who can mind the posts for more than a decade to come. Score: 79 Marouane Fellaini is facing a lot of questions this summer. Will the Belgian secure a move to Arsenal or Manchester United as talkSPORT suggest? How will he fit in Roberto Martinez's free-flowing system (if he stays), and which position will he play? Whatever the outcome, one thing is assured: Fellaini is good enough to take on any challenge—be it at Everton still or at a top club in David Moyes' United. He played an unorthodox role last season, just behind the striker, and the other side of his game really came to the fore. He was the target for his centre-backs to aim at, and no opposing player could outmuscle him. It's well-documented that the Belgian prefers to play as a holding midfielder, so we've graded him in that position. Should Martinez adopt a 3-4-3 at Goodison Park, there's no room for a burly No. 10. Position: Centre-back Score: 79.2 It was a tough season for many of the usual suspects at centre-back, be it due to injury or loss of form, but one man in particular rose to the very top of the game. Laurent Koscielny grades out as our top central defender, and deservedly so—the Frenchman put fitness issues firmly behind him to carry Arsenal's back line at times. His reading of the game is exceptional and his execution in tackling is superb, but what makes him stand out from the rest is his target identification and tracking of runners. His ability to switch seamlessly between runners—and give his fellow defenders a shout to tell them what he's doing—snuffs out several attackers per game. He's comfortable fanning out wide and serviceable in the air, making last-ditch challenges and bailing on Wojciech Szczesny on multiple occasions. Position: No. 10 Score: 79.4 Arsenal's 2012 marquee summer signing, Santi Cazorla, lit up the Emirates Stadium on a consistent basis last season. The Spaniard arrived for around £15 million after helping his old club, Malaga, into the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the team's history, and from the first whistle he became a key player under Arsene Wenger. He has that typical Iberian flavour to his game, controlling the ball with ease and making the extraordinary look simple. At times he can be accused of slowing attacks down a little too much, but he spent much of the first season adapting to a different pace on the pitch. Outside the box he's a menace, so reliable in possession to help create sustained pressure yet capable of scoring and assisting too. If Arsenal are to progress this season, Cazorla needs to stand up once again. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 79.4 Petr Cech is still a consistent, world-class goalkeeper and looks set to mind the sticks at Chelsea for several more years to come—much to the frustration of Thibaut Courtois. The young Belgian keeper has been sent on loan to Atletico Madrid for the third consecutive year in a bid to continue to improve rather than waste away in reserve playing cup games. At 31 years of age, Cech is still young for a No. 1 and continues to impress with his super reactions and fantastic command of his defensive line. He's experienced a lot of managers who have brought a lot of new ideas, but Cech has remained his usual old self and really takes charge at the back. His game isn't built on agility, so it's feasible to suggest the Czech international can continue for another three or four years at this calibre with ease. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 80.1 The Manchester City faithful will never, ever forget Sergio Aguero's name—not after this spine-tingling moment that had all but Manchester United fans jumping up and down. The 2012-13 season wasn't fantastic for the Argentine, but he remains one of the best players in the English Premier League and should bounce back this year. He was another who was difficult to categorise when grading him due to the fact that he plays so many roles so well—wide of the striker, in a withdrawn role or even as a prima punta. He'll better last season's tally of 12 goals with ease under Manuel Pellegrini. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 80.4 Given Wayne Rooney's extraordinary season of switching positions, it was difficult to pinpoint his actual role to effectively grade him. Settling on deep-lying forward (despite him playing as an orthodox central midfielder late in the season), his ability to make plays from the front and work with a strike partner really stood out. Forming a prolific partnership with Robin van Persie early in the season then later dropping in to fulfil necessary roles deeper on the pitch has earned him top marks on our metric. He's a world-class player, no doubt, and the rise of RvP has allowed many fans to forget how much of an influence the England international can have on a game. His pass to RvP at Old Trafford against Aston Villa last season—to effectively seal the Premier League title—was nothing short of astonishing. Position: Deep-lying playmaker Score: 80.8 Michael Carrick has gone from zero to hero over the course of three seasons. At the end of the 2012-13 campaign, pundits and fans alike were singing his praises. If Robin van Persie was the turning factor in the title win this year, Carrick was a close second in terms of influence on the pitch. He has developed into a pass master—both short and long—controlling the tempo, opening up pockets of space and supporting his teammates with a deep option at all times. His tackling has never been a strong suit, but being left as the last midfielder fairly often has enabled him to hone his positional sense and awareness to elite levels. Carrick has peaked, he's as good as he's going to get, and Manchester United fans will just be hoping he stays at this level for a long time a la Andrea Pirlo. Position: No. 10 Score: 80.9 Shinji Kagawa was criminally misused by Sir Alex Ferguson throughout the 2012-13 season. As a result, the Japanese star failed to kick on and become the world-beater he was at Borussia Dortmund. Fans have high hopes that David Moyes will utilise him as a talisman from the No. 10 position, and if he does, he will unlock the Japanese ace's game-changing abilities and attributes. There are few better at finding space between the lines than Kagawa, and his first touch is simply to die for. Ping it in to the former Cerezo Osaka midfielder's feet, and watch him wreak havoc, flummoxing defensive midfield lines and bringing others into play. His shooting leaves a little to be desired, but as far as playmaking midfielders go, he's up there with the very best...if he's used correctly. Position: Surging defensive midfielder Score: 81 Yaya Toure has essentially created a new role for players to aspire to, and a new role for managers to utilise when the going gets tough. His ability to defend as a more traditional holding midfielder yet pick a pass from 50 yards is impressive, but what sets him apart is his incredible athleticism and ability to "break" games. There is nothing like the sight of Yaya Toure running at full speed, and defensive midfielders dread the thought of the Ivorian tearing toward the penalty box with the ball at his feet. He is physically superior to almost every other player on the pitch, and that, combined with his enviable technique, makes him the complete player. One thing he must work on is his defensive work rate and his identifying of the right time to surge forward and when not to—that's what kept him out of our top five. Position: No. 10 Score: 81.4 Philippe Coutinho likely features a little higher than many were expecting, but don't doubt his quality—he is absolutely nuts. It's a rare treat to see someone so able to create and exploit space in even the most organised defensive structures, and he proved on many occasions last season that he's too hot to handle. Fellow colleagues Iago Aspas, Daniel Sturridge and Luis Suarez will be hyped going into the season as the difference-makers for Brendan Rodgers' side, but Coutinho is the key player here. If he performs consistently over the course of the season, the Reds could be in for a series of cricket scores. Opposing players gravitate toward him wherever he's playing, and just as they think they're odds-on for the tackle/interception, he produces a wonderful through ball to put his striker one vs. one with the goalkeeper. It's very, very difficult to plan for players like this. Score: 83.6 By most accounts, David Silva had a poor 2012-13 season. His form dipped in and out as he tired, prompting suggestions he was being overused, over-relied upon and subsequently became exhausted. Roberto Mancini's torrid tactics didn't help the Spaniard last year, but you can bet Manuel Pellegrini will get the very best out of a player who can, on his day, absolutely steal the show. That day didn't come around often enough last season, but if he can replicate the form shown throughout the 2011-12 campaign, Manchester City will be in for a trophy-laden year. Silva has an ability like no other in the English Premier League—not even Juan Mata—and he can produce some of the most jaw-dropping reverse passes and intricate dinks inside the penalty area you'll ever see. Twenty yards from goal with a yard of space, this man is guaranteed to pick out a pass that will hurt you. It's gob-smacking at times. Position: Inverted winger Score: 83.9 Arriving under the heavy burden of a £32 million price tag, Eden Hazard showed maturity beyond his years not only to cope with the pressure but thrive under it. He took the bull by the horns, beating Wigan Athletic on the opening day of the 2012-13 season almost single-handedly, then contributed heavily to an unbeaten run of eight games to cement the Blues' spot at the top of the table. His form dipped alarmingly in midseason, but at 21 years of age that's natural. The ruthless sacking of Roberto Di Matteo and terrace-wide dislike of new instalment Rafa Benitez hardly helped either. Hazard is poised to improve again in the coming season, being used opposite either Andre Schuerrle or Oscar in Jose Mourinho's 4-2-3-1 formation. His raw pace and acceleration will serve the team extremely well in a counterattacking setup, so expect an improved goal tally from the Belgian in what represents the biggest season of his young life so far. Position: Inverted winger Score: 84.1 Gareth Bale carried Tottenham Hotspur at times last season, shouldering the responsibility of three players' positions to give them a fighting chance of UEFA Champions League football. They came up short in the end, but the second half of the 2012-13 season showed Bale's immense work rate and willingness to graft for the team—as well as his unbelievable technique and quality on the ball. He scored 21 Premier League goals from an assortment of positions in midfield, drifting across the advanced line to find space and take advantage of weaknesses. Few defenders successfully shackled him, and Sir Alex Ferguson had to commit three players (Rio Ferdinand, Phil Jones and Rafael) to mark him out of the game when Manchester United visited White Hart Lane to achieve a 1-1 draw. He's set to continue his exponential growth in the 2013-14 season. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 84.4 Robin van Persie enjoyed a spectacular debut season with Manchester United, assisting them in wrestling the English Premier League title away from fierce rivals Manchester City. He put his injury concerns behind him from the word go, firing in 26 league goals and tallying up eight league assists while simultaneously changing the very fabric of United's game. Plenty of preseason speculation centred on how he'd fit into the side, and common consensus maintained that RvP's arrival could change the role of Wayne Rooney. But Ferguson sprang a big surprise, naming a 4-4-2 lineup in almost every league fixture and allowing both RvP and Rooney to dip in and out of the forward line at will. They essentially played as two nine-and-a-halves, and opposing centre-backs found it immensely difficult to deal with. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 84.5 The big question surrounding Luis Suarez ahead of the 2012-13 season was whether or not he could become the 20-goal striker Liverpool so badly craved. He answered his doubters with an emphatic "yes," combining his already stellar buildup play and movement with a deft finish and confidence in front of goal. Twenty-nine goals and five assists later, no one is doubting him, and he rightly comes in second place in our rankings ahead of a host of world-class names. His ability to play behind the striker, between the lines, as a false-nine or from either flank makes him an incredibly versatile and sought-after commodity, and Arsenal are seriously testing the Anfield club's resolve with some monstrous bids for his services. No matter which kit he dons next season, he's going to be a goal machine. Position: No. 10 Score: 87.1 Juan Mata enjoyed a stellar 2012-13 season and looks primed to enter the new one an even better player. As No. 10s go, he is the cream of the crop, with his vision and ability to pick the unbelievable pass every time escalating him to the very top of our rankings. Mata is the undoubted talisman of Stamford Bridge, and despite the presence of other stars such as Eden Hazard and Oscar, he comfortably shines brightest in the eyes of the fans. It's moments such as this , a world-class through ball in behind a deep Manchester United defence to allow Demba Ba to score the winner, that affirm his majestic talents on the ball. Accolades have simply fallen into his lap since joining Chelsea in 2011, and that trend will likely be set to continue under the stewardship of Mourinho. Expect to see Mata in the No. 10 role of a 4-2-3-1 formation, pulling the strings and creating openings just like Mesut Oezil did at Real Madrid in a similar setup.	Stéphane Sessègnon
Juan Maria Bordaberry, who died last month, served as President of which South American country between 1972 and 1976?	EPL 100: Ranking the 100 Best English Premier League Players \| Bleacher Report EPL 100: Ranking the 100 Best English Premier League Players By Sam Tighe , World Football Tactics Lead Writer Aug 12, 2013 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Richard Heathcote/Getty Images 854 Comments The English Premier League 2013-14 season is nearly upon us, and Bleacher Report brings you the top 100 players coming into the new campaign. The method used to grade and score the players will be revealed, while any new signings up until Sunday 11 August have been taken into account. Eager to see who the top-rated player is, how your team's new signings measure up to the existing crop or to check on any upsets? The rankings are designed to represent where the players are right now, meaning last season's play is a major factor in their scoring. Nemanja Vidic misses out on the top 100 despite getting some minutes under his belt in preseason because no one can be sure what state he's in at the moment. There's some room to wiggle too, and Shinji Kagawa is a great example of this: A poor 2012-13 season wasn't exactly his fault, and he stands to improve tenfold should David Moyes use him correctly. Shaun Botterill/Getty Images Claude Makelele would have scored obscenely high on our metric for anchor defensive midfielders. In ranking our top 100 players for the coming 2013-14 English Premier League season, we produced a method of scoring each player out of 100 in accordance with his position and individual attributes. We selected the top five attributes critical to each position on the pitch, then weighted those attributes in order of importance to the position. For example, when it comes to deep-lying forwards, movement between the lines and the ability to link play is far more important than scoring headers, and that's reflected in the formula we created. Likewise, it's unfair to grade Andy Carroll on the same metric as Robin van Persie, so we created 18 different positions with different criteria to judge. Sweeper keepers like Hugo Lloris have been separated from regular keepers, there are eight types of midfielders and even surging centre-backs have been split from traditional ones. We won't reveal the full formula and basis for marking, but here's an example of exactly how the anchor defensive midfield role was analysed and graded. Weighting (out of 100) Anticipation/Positioning How aware is the player? We study his positional tendencies, how well he keeps the line of engagement and how quick he is to react to and pre-empt danger. You don't need to make a tackle/interception if you've cut the danger out before it's even reared its head. 30 Tracking When his team is in a two versus three or three versus four situation, on the back foot, how well does he cope with midfield runners darting forward? Does he capitulate and get mixed up or track the appropriate man expertly in a Sven Bender-esque manner? 25 Tackling Exactly what it says on the tin. How clean is the tackle, how does he approach it, how often does he commit fouls and earn yellow cards for poorly executed challenges? Is he forceful or timid? 20 Stamina When under the cosh, how well does the player cope with switching targets consistently in the face of long spells of possession and pressure? How's his engine—can he get up and down the field all day? 15 Passing Anchor midfielders don't have to be flashy passers, but it's still a big part of the game. Does he occasionally play above his station, or simply win the ball and lay it off as per his job description? Does he concentrate and hit short passes cleanly, or make mistakes in dangerous areas? 10 We graded 206 players on our metric to ensure we left no one out, with the top 100 making the official list. In the event of a tie, we've simply asked, "who would benefit a team more at this moment in time?" and ranked them accordingly. Score: 73.7 Leroy Fer is a coup for Norwich City this summer, no question. He failed a medical at Everton in January with his price set at £8.6 million, and now the Canaries have secured his signature for a lower fee of £5 million. He's been playing as a No. 10 at times during preseason, and Chris Hughton will be hoping his Dutch international will be able to feed £8.5 million poacher Ricky van Wolfswinkel with enough chances to fire them to a midtable finish once again. Fer is a beastly player, capable of playing almost every role in central midfield, and combines immense strength and size with respectable pace and awesome aerial ability. He's definitely one to watch for the neutrals. Position: Deep-lying playmaker Score: 73.7 Jack Cork faces a battle to keep his spot in the Southampton starting XI this season. Despite Cork excelling with them for two straight years, Mauricio Pochettino has brought in fresh, new options who will challenge him. The former Chelsea man's partnership with Morgan Schneiderlin has seen Saints become solid and pass-heavy in midfield, with Cork the general dictating play. He's effective in most formations and holds that "possession DNA" so many wish the England national team would adopt—Roy Hodgson could do a lot worse than call young Jack up to his squad. Even with a reduced number of starts this season, Cork will be an effective option for Southampton. Score: 73.7 If Adam Lallana could stay fit, we'd have an England international on our hands. His loyalty to Southampton and determination to play Premier League football with his boyhood club are admirable, and as a result he's the hero of the terraces. His first touch, technique and awareness are phenomenal, and there are few players in this league that can take a ball out of the air more cleanly than Lallana. He needs to up his goal tally in 2013, but that should come naturally with a succession of games under his belt. His movement off the ball is of the highest order, and if his teammates can find him regularly, he can reach double figures. Position: Full-back Score: 73.7 Internazionale were nuts to let Davide Santon go for just £5 million, and he's well on the way to realising his potential in black and white stripes. He's adored at St James' Park for his all-action style, and the threat he carries—from either flank—is the envy of many top-flight full-backs. He is one of few who can claim they had an OK season last year under Alan Pardew, and he'll be feeling the pressure to excel on a regular basis to make Cesare Prandelli's squad for Brazil next summer. Stiff competition in the form of Mattia De Sciglio, Emanuele Giaccherini and Christian Maggio awaits. Can Santon have the season of his life and squeeze in? Position: Central midfielder Score: 73.8 Marco van Ginkel has taken one of the biggest risks possible this transfer window, swapping guaranteed first-team and UEFA Europa League football with Vitesse Arnhem for a shot at the Chelsea first team. According to The Guardian, he's been assured by Jose Mourinho he'll get games and has played a large part in the Blues' preseason preparations, drawing some glamorous comparisons to Chelsea hero Frank Lampard . He boasts a superb all-round game : wonderful engine, defensive work rate and commitment combined with vision, flair and creativity. These players are very hard to come by, and Blues fans are rightly eager to see him in competitive action for the first time. Position: Centre-back Score: 73.8 Newcastle supporters will enjoy one final year of Fabricio Coloccini, as he pledged his allegiance to them in thanks to the incredible support they've shown down the years. The shaggy-haired rock has been a mainstay at the heart of the defence for half a decade, experiencing both the highs of European football and the lows of relegation to the Championship. Aerially he's fantastic, while he also boasts wonderful awareness of what's going on behind him. He and Tim Krul have developed a good understanding, and it's only fitness issues—at both ends—that have stopped them becoming a dominant force together. Position: Poacher Score: 74.1 The last time we saw Steven Fletcher, he was writhing in pain on the turf donning a Scotland kit. He's yet to feature prominently in preseason under Paolo Di Canio, and with Jozy Altidore in place he'll be given every chance he needs to return to full fitness without aggravating his ailment. When he does come back, he'll score goals, no question. It's all he's ever done, be it in the Scottish Premier League, for struggling Wolves or for a serviceable Sunderland. He's as clear a poacher as they come, and as a result graded out very highly in his finishing and movement in addition to his thumping heading ability. Position: Wide forward Score: 74.2 Jay Rodriguez had a so-so debut Premier League season, and if he can turn sporadic success into long streaks of form he will become a serious weapon under Mauricio Pochettino. Under the pressure of a hefty price tag he struggled initially, but that was as much to do with expectation as it was to adapting to a new position—on the left-hand side of Nigel Adkins' 4-3-3. A traditional No. 9, much of his game changed in the first few months as he adapted to become a well-rounded wide player with searing pace and an eye for goal. He's developed fantastic chemistry with Rickie Lambert , and the former Burnley speedster uses his big-bodied teammate to create angles, lanes and opportunities. Position: No. 10 Score: 74.2 Sunderland's talisman in chief, Stephane Sessegnon, will go down as one of Steve Bruce's greatest ever purchases. The Benin international combines great creativity and awareness in the hole behind the striker with power and strength on the ball. It's a wonderful combination and is extremely hard to deal with if you're tracking and covering the man. Sessegnon has felt the heavy burden of expectation, creating most of the team's openings for the past three seasons. If he plays well, Sunderland can win; if he doesn't, they rarely pick up any points. His sending-off against Aston Villa last season sparked fears the Black Cats would go down in his absence. Score: 74.3 The situation Arouna Kone found himself in this summer was absolutely ideal. Despite suffering relegation with Wigan Athletic at the end of last season, Roberto Martinez's appointment at Everton facilitated the Ivorian's move to join him at a bigger, better Premier League club. He walks into a footballing system he's had 12 months of experience in and is expected to take up his role as a deep-lying centre-forward in the 3-4-3/4-3-3 formation. His linkup play is heavily underrated, while he provides the size and presence his team can lean on if the going gets tough. Kone is expected to pick up exactly where he left off at the end of the 2012-13 campaign. Position: Inverted winger Score: 74.3 Though not quite at his best last year, Steven Pienaar remains one of Everton’s key players and will once again be central to his side's offensive approach this season. While Leighton Baines received considerable acclaim for his creative return, it was Pienaar who carved out more chances from open play last season. In fact, aside from Baines, no other Everton player fashioned out half as much as the South African, and he will once again be expected to orchestrate attacks and unlock defences. It will be interesting to see if he remains purely on the left under Roberto Martinez. It’s well known how effective he is playing in tandem with Baines, but it was something David Moyes began tinkering with towards the end of last season. One or two Premier League defences appeared better prepared to stifle this partnership, and the fact Kevin Mirallas prefers cutting in off the left, as he did so well for Olympiakos, saw Pienaar moved around. He started switching to the right more often and even spent phases of play behind the striker. Wherever he features, expect him to once again have a large say in Everton's attacking fortunes. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 74.4 Youssouf Mulumbu goes about his business in a quiet, tidy fashion which remains unappreciated by the large majority of English Premier League fans. He and Claudio Yacob formed a wonderful partnership at the base of Steve Clarke's 4-2-3-1 throughout the 2012-13 season, and the duo showed good understanding and versatility in moving to a 4-3-3, a 4-4-2 and a 3-5-2. He's strong in the tackle, tracks his markers well and never commits too early or too vigorously—you'll find it hard to get past Mulumbu, dribbling or passing. He's a Steve Clarke favourite due to his simple, direct style: retrieve the ball and start an attack in the simplest manner possible. Position: Target man Score: 74.4 It's rare in football that a transfer results in three incredibly happy parties, but that's exactly what's happened in the case of Andy Carroll. Liverpool were desperate to get rid of his wages and were willing to recoup what was possible from a £35 million outlay, West Ham were desperate to keep him around given his popularity with the fans and tactical fit under Sam Allardyce, while Carroll found another club willing to pay him tonnes of cash on a weekly basis. Win, win, win. Carroll now enters the season under immense pressure, but strikers in his mould—aerially dominant in a side that is predicated on playing to his strengths—will never fail to have an impact. He's unplayable in the air and, if he can avoid ailments, could be a dark horse to be a top-five Premier League goalscorer in 2014. Position: Centre-back Score: 74.5 We keep thinking Sylvain Distin is on the verge of slowing down, but somehow the former Portsmouth man pulls out another top-tier season. Now 35 and in his fifth year with Everton, Distin has formed a reliable partnership with Phil Jagielka that allows Toffees fans to feel confident about their side's defensive fortunes. The Frenchman boasts unbelievable athleticism, with a wonderful leap accompanied by pace you rarely see in a man so tall: As far as centre-backs go, he's one of the quickest in the business. Comfortable on the ball, happy moving in and out of the line and positionally very aware, he should fit right in under Roberto Martinez. Position: Poacher Score: 74.5 Mexican forward Javier Hernandez could be forgiven for harbouring frustrations at his lack of first-team opportunities last season, having averaged a goal every 90 minutes for Manchester United in the Premier League. Renowned for his finishing prowess, doubts had existed about Hernandez's ability outside of the penalty area. However, over the past 18 months, the Mexico forward has improved considerably in his all-round play. How long he will be content to play a backup role remains to be seen, but the addition of a new manager at Old Trafford offers hope that he may see an increase in playing time in the coming months. The 2013-14 season is a make-or-break campaign for Hernandez at Manchester United, with the striker in need of regular playing time. Given his phenomenal strike rate with both club and country, Hernandez remains one of the league's most feared forwards. Score: 74.5 Mikel Arteta is a strange case. If he was played in his correct position, he'd soar up the rankings given his prowess in passing and patience on the ball. At Everton he was a regular in the assist column as a visionary No. 10 behind the striker, yet he's filling in at holding midfield for Arsenal, and it doesn't suit him. Props to Arteta for fulfilling the manager's wishes without questioning the logic, but if the Gunners wish to progress and win a title, they cannot do so with Arteta screening the defence. He's a pass master, both short and long, and controls the tempo extremely well to ensure the Gunners are dominant in possession. Arteta's low grading is unfortunate but accurate, and if Arsene Wenger were to move him forward and secure a true defensive midfielder to break things up, this Spaniard would be a lot higher on this list. Score: 74.6 Ben Foster is a thoroughly underrated 'keeper who has consistently shone since leaving Manchester United. West Bromwich Albion pulled off one hell of a deal in luring him from Birmingham City after the club experienced relegation, and Baggies fans have been feeling safe and assured ever since. He's a vocal, vibrant character who celebrates every goal as if he scored it, pumping up the crowd and his teammates simultaneously. Wonderful reflexes, decent aerial presence and very safe hands are his trademarks, while he's also an emerging sweeper 'keeper—his anticipation and positional sense get better with every season. Position: Traditional winger Score: 74.6 Emanuele Giaccherini is a stunning coup for Sunderland, who, after just about surviving relegation, have secured the signature of a reigning Serie A champion. The former Juventus man plays in almost every position imaginable, but preseason form indicates Paolo Di Canio sees him as a left-sided winger in a 4-2-3-1. He goes a long way to taking away some of the pressure placed on Stephane Sessegnon to create and lead the team in the final third, and Black Cats fans are really eager to see what Giaccherini can do on a competitive platform. He's got experience, know-how and hunger to make the Italy side for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Position: Target man Score: 74.6 Rickie Lambert has been doubted at every level he's played at, but fortunately for Southampton he's made a career out of proving people horribly wrong. In League One he was a beast, but could he hack it in the Championship? Thirty-one goals later, Saints are heading for the English Premier League, but again he attracts extraordinary amounts of pessimism when it comes to predicting his goal tally. Fifteen goals was his emphatic answer, and now there can be no doubt: Lambert is a Premier League player who fits the modern mould of the complete striker. He was far too intelligent for the lower leagues, constantly moving and tormenting his markers before beating them in the air and firing the ball home from 40 yards. The former Bristol Rovers man boasts sublime technique, aerial prowess and super-human strength. Position: Full-back Score: 74.6 Rafael was a strong candidate for most improved player of the 2012-13 season, and Manchester United can finally feel convinced they've got a right-back who's a lock for the next decade. Full-backs, on our metric, are graded extremely highly on positional intelligence and how well a player judges when to go forward and when not to. That was Rafael's big weak point when he first came to England, and although it's not up to scratch just yet, it's definitely getting there. His offensive presence is still stronger than his defensive presence, but the latter part of his game grew leaps and bounds last year. Forced to face off against Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale inside the span of a month last season, he had no choice but to get better. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 74.7 Newcastle United picked up quite the bargain in Cheick Tiote, signing the midfielder from FC Twente for just £3.5 million in 2010. He's featured heavily alongside Yohan Cabaye in central midfield for the Magpies, and it was no surprise when Chelsea were interested in both at the end of the 2012 summer window, as reported by the Metro. Tiote is a monstrous defensive midfielder who tackles cleanly and powers his way through games. He's bigger, stronger and far more aggressive than most, but don't underrate the technical side of his game—he's a solid passer of the ball too. Don't make him angry . Position: Centre-back Score: 74.7 If it weren't for Norwich City's stingy defence last season, their goalscoring issues at the other end of the pitch could have been fatal. Michael Turner and Sebastian Bassong lead an exemplary defensive line, and many fans were left stupefied when they comfortably shut out Manchester United in a 1-0 win in 2012. Bassong is the standout, and while he doesn't offer the same goal threat Turner does, he has many of the requisites a modern centre-back dreams of. He has extraordinary strength, brilliant recovery pace and an excellent ability to filter out wide and cover his full-back. He keeps his distances between players on the line extremely well, ensuring no man—not poacher, not target man—can bully the Canaries. Position: Centre-Back Score: 74.7 The signing of Jores Okore represents a real coup for Aston Villa as they prepare for another big season, and many fans of other clubs were disappointed they didn't pursue the Danish centre-half as well. Especially when he only cost £4 million. Paul Lambert has recruited a monstrous young lad who has power, pace, a great leap and a wonderful positional sense. His recovery speed is something many in his position would crave, while his experience in the UEFA Champions League against Shakhtar Donetsk, Chelsea and Juventus should be very useful while acclimating to the EPL. Okore walks into the Villa side as the best central defender on the books, giving Lambert a real selection dilemma when it comes to captain Ron Vlaar and up-and-comer Nathan Baker. Position: Traditional winger Score: 74.9 If Pablo Hernandez can find an element of consistency he can be a top English Premier League winger. He went through spells last season of ingenuity and brilliance, but balanced them out by going missing on occasion. On his day he's electric, and Chelsea felt the full wrath of his capabilities in a hard-fought 1-1 draw at the Liberty Stadium, but he couldn't keep the intensity in his game for long stretches. Swansea have renewed their attacking forces and bought Jonjo Shelvey to do large chunks of running, meaning Hernandez won't be so heavily relied upon to spark things in the forward areas. Score: 74.9 Chico is one of the most un-Spanish Spaniards to be playing the game right now. His outlook is physical, brutish and dominant, far removed from your typical Iberian centre-back who passes gracefully, Chico steams in and deals with danger the old-fashioned way. He's very strong in the air, uncompromising in the challenge and loves to step forward and intercept. He rarely tries a long pass, instead dumping it off to central defensive partner Ashley Williams or one of his more creative midfielders. He's a manager's dream, playing at maximum velocity every game, sticking his head in where it hurts and never overstepping his responsibilities. Position: Full-back Score: 74.9 Arsene Wenger secured the perfect signing in Nacho Monreal of Malaga last January, and the club have looked much stronger in that position as a result of the transfer. No longer does Wenger have to rely on Kieran Gibbs' highly susceptible legs, and Monreal's presence allows the manager to give Gibbs the appropriate rest he needs. Monreal is by no means a slouch, and the Gunners were fortunate to sign him for such a low price. He has spent the last season and a half tormenting opposing full-backs, whipping in dangerous crosses and snuffing out attacks in his own defensive third. He works incredibly hard, passes very well and looks like the all-round prospect Gibbs aspires to become. With a full preseason under his belt with the Gunners, expect even more from Monreal. Position: Inverted winger Score: 75 Ashley Young has struggled to live up to his hefty £16 million fee due to a succession of injuries during his time at Old Trafford. But he's the sort of player who can thrive under David Moyes, and the Scot is likely to give his winger an extended stay in the first team given the contractual situation of Nani. His technique is superb, while Young continues to boast great pace, agility and trickery on the ball. He's taken the term "slippery" a little too far in some people's books, but he's still capable of delivering an inch-perfect cross or curling it round the keeper's finger tips from 25 yards away. Wilfried Zaha would be wise to look to him for some guidance on how to avoid hefty challenges and targeting from defenders. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 75 There'll be a lot of question marks regarding Iago Aspas' ability from the lay fan, but La Liga aficionados will know Liverpool have grabbed a bargain. Aspas was a star on a poor Celta de Vigo side last season and could have made the move to the English Premier League in January when he hit peak form. Instead he held out, helped save the club from relegation by a single point and scored 12 goals in the process. Job done, and Celta receive approximately £7 million for his services after wishing him well. He works insanely hard and boasts wonderful movement, dipping in and out of the forward line and pulling the strings for the strikers. He's got a wonderful leap and a remarkable heading ability given his size, while some good form in preseason has given Brendan Rodgers quite the selection dilemma. Position: Poacher Score: 75 You're the club's record signing, and you've been brought in to fix a massive problem in the striking department—best of luck, Roberto Soldado . The former Valencia hit man arrives on the back of a 24-goal season in La Liga, and Spurs fans will be expecting instant impact and delivery from their shiny new signing. He's not the complete forward Andre Villas-Boas will have wanted, but he's a definite step up from the hit-and-miss Jermain Defoe and seemingly indifferent Emmanuel Adebayor. He'll need to brush up on his first touch and awareness quickly while maintaining his physicality and core strength. Give him the ball in the box and he will score. Position: Centre-back Score: 75.1 With the decline of John Terry and Jose Mourinho's apparent willingness to continue with the back line he inherited, Gary Cahill finds himself in a great position to stamp his authority on a starting role. Branislav Ivanovic will likely timeshare the right-back and centre-back slots, making Cahill, at the very worst, third on the central defensive depth chart. He's an assured passer who dominates aerially and, after developing a knack for scoring goals at Bolton Wanderers, has used that to great effect in a Chelsea shirt. Overhead kicks, volleys, thumping headers...you name it, he can do it. Super technique for a centre-back. Position: Traditional winger Score: 75.1 Much was made of Gareth Bale's absence toward the end of last season, but it would be unfair to suggest Tottenham faltered solely due to the Welshman's ailment. Aaron Lennon provides the sort of natural width very few players do in the modern game, sticking to the right side of the pitch as a right-footed player and stretching it to make space for others. Both Bale and Lennon went down and Spurs' lack of depth on the wings was brought to the fore, with the likes of Gylfi Sigurdsson unable to replicate their offerings and Andros Townsend out on loan at Queens Park Rangers. Lennon's crossing leaves something to be desired, but he can worm his way into the penalty area with his immense quickness and create from a narrower angle. He has the pace most wingers can only dream of. Position: Full-back Score: 75.1 Twelve months ago, most Manchester United fans would have been open to offers for long-serving left-back Patrice Evra, with the 2011-12 season perhaps his most disappointing of his time at the club. It is to Evra's great credit, then, that he has rediscovered some semblance of his past form. The Frenchman was an important figure in his club's title win last campaign, contributing in both attack and defence as the Red Devils stormed to a big points advantage over their rivals. Interestingly, Evra also added goals to his game last year, scoring four times in the league as he proved to be a major threat in the air from set pieces. Evra's endless determination and desire to win have undoubtedly been a major driving force behind Manchester United's recent successes. Position: Target man Score: 75.1 Wilfried Bony, coming off a 31-goal season with Vitesse Arnhem, was one of the hottest striking properties on the market. Top clubs shied away, reluctant to take a gamble on a pricey Eredivisie talent, but Swansea bit quickly and paid the £12 million fee. Early form suggests Michael Laudrup has struck gold once again, as the debate over whether the Ivorian's goals came from poor defending or superb movement is gradually being settled—it's the latter, in case you were wondering. Bony has the ability to take the pressure off Michu 's shoulders and contribute heavily to the team, boasting great close control and an excellent understanding in buildup play. He and Michu are already dropping in and out of each other's positions, driving defences up the wall. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 75.2 Tom Cleverley's meteoric rise to the Manchester United first team was inexplicably halted toward the end of last season by Sir Alex Ferguson. After playing solidly throughout the start of 2013, Cleverley managed 61 minutes against Chelsea in the FA Cup and subsequently wasn't seen for a month. Burnout on young legs? A niggling injury? Your guess is as good as mine, but United fans had grown to love him and look forward to seeing him back on the pitch for the coming campaign. He mixes an all-action style of tenacity and combativeness with the finesse of a ball-playing midfielder. He's got a cracking strike to excite the fans and works extremely hard for his team. With no midfield reinforcements to speak of as it stands, Cleverley is set for another season entrenched in the reigning champions' XI. Position: Wide forward Score: 75.3 After scoring 14 and assisting 10 in the English Premier League last season, you might have expected Theo Walcott to be pushing the top 25 in our rankings. But a big part of a wide forward's job is keeping his cool in order to make the correct decision, and Walcott still struggles with that despite six years of experience in England's top tier. He wants to play as a central striker, and while he can be devastating against lesser defences, he's too limited (technically and physically) to play as a centre-forward against the best sides in Europe. His raw pace is suited to the wider areas, where he can isolate full-backs and hit them one vs. one on the counter, and if he learns to make the right choices at high speed, he can be a late-blooming elite-tier wide man. Position: Ball-playing centre-back Score: 75.4 Two injury-ridden, sub-par seasons from Rio Ferdinand and we thought he was on the way out, but over the course of the 2012-13 campaign, he leveled out as one of the better Premier League centre-backs. He put his troublesome back ailments on the shelf and managed his fitness carefully, turning in 26 league starts and making an effort to guide the younger central defenders on the team. Ferdinand participated in the thrilling encounter with Real Madrid and looked at home over the course of 180 minutes, while also contributing heavily to Sir Alex Ferguson's plan to nullify Gareth Bale at White Hart Lane. Rio stepping up meant Manchester United barely felt the loss of Nemanja Vidic. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 75.5 Aaron Ramsey enjoyed a real uplift in form for the final six weeks of the 2012-13 season. The reason? A multitude of factors, but playing him in a box-to-box role—rather than on the right wing—had a big say in proceedings. He'll be surprisingly high on this list if you've not been watching him closely in 2013, but we can assure he's primed and ready to start growing after a rocky few years post-injury. The Welshman had been terribly off-colour since the Ryan Shawcross incident, and for one so young to have something so horrendous happen, it's easy to see why his play seemed rusty and tentative. He's finally coming out of his shell, and Arsene Wenger must be delighted to have his future star back with a smile on his face. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.6 Many look at Christian Benteke 's 19-goal haul in the English Premier League last season and suggest that's what kept Aston Villa up, but were it not for Brad Guzan's heroics they'd have been dead and buried a long time before May. He re-signed with the Birmingham club after being released last summer. Paul Lambert promised him a shot at the first team and Guzan believed him, but no one expected it to come as soon as the third league game. After some poor errors from Shay Given, the American was given his chance and never looked back, quickly blossoming into one of the finest keepers in the country. His reflexes are brilliant, but what really stands out is his aerial ability. So confident is he to come out and claim crosses, Villa were unfathomed by the height and set-piece prowess the likes of Stoke and West Ham present. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.7 Tim Howard continues to show the sort of consistency that leads us to believe he can emulate the other great U.S. shot-stoppers that have played in the EPL in the past. At 34 years of age he's as good as ever, ensuring Everton fans need not worry about who minds the sticks or organizes the defensive line from behind. Howard has a true propensity for the wonder save, often pulling off outstanding reflex or fingertip stops on his line to deny clear goalscoring opportunities. There was a time during his short stint at Manchester United when it seemed he just wouldn't make the grade, but David Moyes took him in and a constant platform allowed him to grow. He'll need another great campaign to hold off Brad Guzan in the national side. Position: Wide forward Score: 75.7 Lukas Podolski enjoyed a good, solid debut season as a wide forward in Arsene Wenger's 4-3-3/4-2-3-1 formation. He pulled in 11 goals and nine assists in the league, netting particularly crucial strikes at Liverpool and Montpellier and bagging a hat-trick of assists against West Ham. We graded him highly on his finishing, as his ability to smash one in from the tightest of angles is rivalled by few, while his decision-making is also relatively strong in comparison to those in his field. He's not blessed with extraordinary pace nor supreme muscle but manages to engineer good situations for himself and others on a regular basis—a clever player. Position: Poacher Score: 75.7 Alvaro Negredo is a tad expensive at €20 million, but the presence of former teammate Jesus Navas should ensure the Spaniard is a success in his debut season with Manchester City. He scored 25 league goals last year in Spain's top tier, and they came in all different shapes and sizes, benefiting from a varied buildup in a very creative team. His pure finishing skills and instinct in front of goal is superb, but that won't see him straight into first-team contention given the blossoming partnership of Stevan Jovetic and Edin Dzeko. It should be a tough season for Negredo, but he's more than capable of making a serious impact on all fronts for Manuel Pellegrini. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.7 When David De Gea was voted into the PFA Premier League Team of the Year, it was fine reward for two seasons of intensive work since joining the club in 2011. Having been heavily criticised on a regular basis since joining the club and briefly deposed from his first-choice goalkeeper role in the process, the Spaniard should be commended for his attitude in fighting to turn the tide of public opinion. Now, following a near-immaculate second half of the past campaign, he is finally being acknowledged as the outstanding goalkeeper that he is by the English media. De Gea's shot-stopping skills have never been doubted—he is simply outstanding. However, having bulked up considerably, he is now a far more dominant force in dealing with crosses than he was upon signing with the Red Devils two years ago. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 75.7 Ramires is quickly becoming one of the more versatile players in the English Premier League, but we've graded him in his more natural position of box-to-box midfielder. Energy and stamina is an important part of the role, and it's fair to say few can rival Ramires in his ability to get up and down the pitch at great speed. He is, in basic terms, a physical phenomenon, and it would hardly be a surprise if his Chelsea medical revealed a third lung on the scan. Technically he's a little hit-and-miss: capable of some sublime moments— á la Camp Nou —but also some horror shows in terms of mis-controlling the ball or dribbling straight out of play. But his work rate, attitude and physical abilities make him a comfortable addition to any top side. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 75.8 Asmir Begovic was an inspired signing by Tony Pulis after Portsmouth fell into financial ruin, picking the Bosnia and Herzegovina international up for a mere £3.25 million. He's since been linked with Manchester United—particularly when David De Gea was having trouble settling into English Premier League life—and will command at least six times that fee if he eventually leaves the Britannia Stadium. Begovic is one of the better goalkeepers when it comes to reflex saves on his line, while he's also adept at barking orders and squeezing his defensive line out early after a set piece. He's decent enough in one vs. one situations, though is sometimes left engaging the opponent in a slightly haphazard fashion. Position: Target man Score: 75.8 Olivier Giroud had a decent debut Premier League season, notching 11 goals and three assists from 24 starts. On the surface it looks good, but the Frenchman's irritating tendency to shoot from anywhere on the pitch—hence the paltry conversion rate of 9.7 shots per goal—can anger the Emirates crowd. Toward the end of the season he looked much better, adapting physically to English football and exuding far more confidence on the ball. Arsenal fans have high hopes that Giroud can be a very good player next season, and with no strikers currently signed, he'll be the focal point once more. His linkup play, technique and aerial presence are all top notch. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 75.8 Etienne Capoue has been added to Tottenham Hotspur's ranks by Andre Villas-Boas, creating immense depth in the holding midfield position. The Frenchman faces a battle to make his nation's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad considering the level of competition in his area of expertise, but should he excel at White Hart Lane, he will make the cut. Capoue has made his name as a crunching defensive midfielder who operates superbly in a 4-1-4-1 formation. He's the ideal anchor in a 4-5-1 or 4-3-3, while he could also form a serviceable portion of a double-pivot. He can also drop in at centre-back, but only on an emergency basis. Signing the former Toulouse man is confirmation that AVB will not risk another season without sufficient midfield numbers. **note: this deal is expected to be completed as the player completes his medical , as BBC Sport have reported. Should the deal fall through, Capoue will be removed from the rankings. Score: 75.9 Paulinho arrives at Tottenham Hotspur with a fantastic reputation. He helped Corinthians win the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup against Chelsea, then formed a superb double-pivot with Luiz Gustavo to aid Brazil in securing the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. He's moved into a more expansive role in domestic football over the past 12 months—even playing as a No. 10 toward the back-end of the season—and brings immense versatility and strength to Andre Villas-Boas' midfield. AVB is believed to be itching to play his beloved 4-3-3 formation, the one that went so well at FC Porto and so horribly wrong at Chelsea. He was wise enough to hold fire and wait until he had the right peripherals before installing it at White Hart Lane, and now he is free to do so. Paulinho is primed for a monumental impact, not just as an individual, but in sparking a change in philosophy . Position: Full-back Score: 75.9 When Chelsea went in unopposed to sign Cesar Azpilicueta from Marseille for just £7 million, many questioned why several other UEFA Champions League clubs weren't rivalling the Blues for his signature. "Dave," as the fans call him at Stamford Bridge, stands to lock down the starting right-back berth at Chelsea for the next several years, bringing high work-rate, studious defensive ability and attacking flair to the lineup. He's within a shout of taking up a permanent fixture in the Spanish national side following Alvaro Arbeloa's fall from grace and continues to improve as a player. Azpilicueta's great positional sense and inhuman amount of stamina pushed him up above most other full-backs in our rankings. Position: Target man Score: 75.9 Aston Villa fans rejoiced on July 19 as Christian Benteke withdrew his transfer request and signed a new four-year deal with the club . After an astonishing maiden Premier League campaign in which he bagged 19 league goals to keep the club afloat, the Belgian was heavily linked to Tottenham Hotspur in a £20 million move. But Paul Lambert talked him into staying, and again he forms the focal point of an up-and-coming team who are looking to finish in the top half next season. He's the complete, all-round striker; he runs channels, holds it up, heads it, shoots from long distance and boasts amazing close control and technique. His ominous preseason form has the Villa camp excited—he scored a 33-minute hat-trick against Crewe—and the fans are ready to pin their hopes on him once again. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 76 Newcastle were circling the drain late last season, and one of the main factors in their horrendous form was the season-ending injury to world-class goalkeeper Tim Krul. Krul dislocated his shoulder during the 3-0 loss to fierce rivals Sunderland, forced to sit on the treatment table as the Magpies scraped clear of relegation. Over the past 24 months, Krul has grown into a fantastic goalkeeper: first-choice for the Dutch national team under Louis van Gaal and a future UEFA Champions League shot-stopper for whatever the club. He commands his box superbly, while his agility and reflexes on his line allow him to make some spectacular stops. His long lanky frame enables him to get to balls normally out of reach for most keepers while his strong frame enables him to fend off defenders in the air. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 76.1 The signing of Victor Wanyama for Southampton is nothing short of a tremendous coup on Mauricio Pochettino's behalf, as the Kenyan could have easily signed and slotted into Manchester United or Liverpool's first XIs. He's one of the strongest players in the game and boasts fantastic defensive instinct and awareness, comfortably shielding his defence by stepping out to make an interception. He's forceful in the challenge and can mix it with the best. Wanyama's engine is good and he shows decent ability to track runners when his side is being counterattacked. The only aspect of his game that let him down in our grading was his passing, as he can sometimes commit the cardinal sin of not double-checking his intended ball before committing. Teams can pick up easy interceptions in dangerous areas, and he will need to address this while with Southhampton this season. Position: Target man Score: 76.1 Edin Dzeko looks a man on fire in preseason, forging a fantastic Balkan relationship with Stevan Jovetic and banging home the goals. If he takes that confidence into competitive fixtures, defences across the country will once again fear the towering Bosnian striker. His linkup play and close control is looking exemplary, while he graded out particularly well for his aerial dominance and heading skills. With an extra yard of pace he'd have every attribute under the sun. The addition of Jesus Navas has brought value to Dzeko's presence on the team sheet, giving him curling crosses to utilise with his large, muscular frame. Position: Surging defensive midfielder Score: 76.2 At £30 million Fernandinho is the biggest risk Manuel Pellegrini and Txiki Begiristain have taken this summer, but all signs point toward the former Shakhtar Donetsk player being a success. He provides the perfect tonic to Yaya Toure in holding midfield, displaying a reserved nature that should allow the Ivorian to burst forward with more regularity and cause damage. Fernandinho loves to push forward and break tackles too and did so to great effect against Chelsea in the UEFA Champions League last season, but he can be caught out if a team plays into the space behind him—á la Borussia Dortmund in the Round of 16. He was so desperate to move to Manchester City he waived £4 million owed to him by Shakhtar in order to enable the move, and a big season at both Premier League and UCL level could see him make a late run at the Brazilian 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 76.3 Simon Mignolet —the man who has sparked so much fuss surrounding Pepe Reina and his circumstances at Liverpool. The club felt, after three years of error-ridden performances from their usually-stellar Spaniard, that his approximate wages of £110,000-per-week weren't manageable and recruited a replacement to ensure Reina would exit the club. Reina ended up fleeing to Napoli, and in his place the Belgian arrived. For £9 million he's an absolute steal, as consistently excellent performances over the past several seasons have successfully steered former club Sunderland away from relegation. He faces stiff competition from Thibaut Courtois for a place in the national team and clearly felt he needed to be playing at a higher level. It doesn't get much better than a packed Anfield stadium on a Saturday afternoon. Position: Centre-back Score: 76.4 Some of Everton's defensive displays were masterful last season, and Phil Jagielka is at the heart of it all. The former Sheffield United man graded extremely well on our metric for aerial presence, tracking of markers and runners as well as his awareness of what's going on around him. A true leader, he marshalls the line, sets how high up the team play, takes the ball forward and delegates tracking assignments. He put in a number of outstanding individual performances last season, in particular against Queens Park Rangers to secure a vital point. Another season at this calibre and he's well on his way to Brazil should England qualify. Position: Centre-back Score: 76.5 Daniel Agger did the work of two men last season, continually covering for a sub-par Martin Skrtel and bailing him out. Playing left centre-back is also pretty tough with a wildcard like Jose Enrique on the flank, and the Dane did well to keep a struggling Liverpool defence afloat. He should be set for a much more comfortable season in 2013, and fans will hope to see more commanding performances from him in an aerial sense. He's been named vice-captain by Brendan Rodgers in an effort to stave off lingering Barcelona interest, so fans will be looking to him with a renewed sense of expectation and optimism. Score: 76.6 Hatem Ben Arfa's been out injured for so long some have forgotten he exists. When he's fit and raring to go he's borderline unplayable, combining searing pace with quick-thinking and superb long-range shooting. The technique he boasts when striking, crossing, passing or dribbling is sublime, and he's one of the few wingers in the world almost every full-back fears. He missed huge chunks of last season and was worked back into the side slowly in April but failed to get back up to speed. He should hit the ground running in 2013 and have a big say in how far Newcastle can climb. Score: 76.7 There were times last season when Kevin Mirallas was simply out of this world. His goal against Stoke City , in which he took the ball from inside his own half, turned the defence inside out and slotted home with aplomb, is what he should be doing on a regular basis if he weren't so prone to knocks. The amount of times Mirallas would hop onto the sidelines shaking his head or nursing his ankle was frustrating for Everton fans, as they know they have an electric talent on their hands who needs to be playing every game in order to make their side a force. He boasts wonderful acceleration, top-end speed and his close control at pace is remarkable. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 76.8 We were surprised, after grading every player in the system, that Dimitar Berbatov came out so high. You probably will be too. But that just goes to show how thoroughly underrated he is by all—bar Fulham fans—and how easy it is to forget what a magician he can be when he gets on the ball in the right areas. It wasn't long ago that he was playing for Manchester United, busy winning the Premier League Golden Boot after a solid 20-goal haul, and his game hasn't declined due to the fact its founded on technical abilities. His awareness, ability to create space and unbelievable technique make him a real asset for Martin Jol, and most will agree the Cottagers pulled off a real coup on deadline day in 2012 to grab the Bulgarian. He could still be plying his trade at a UEFA Champions League club with ease. Position: No. 10 Score: 76.8 Oscar may be the least heralded of "The Three Amigos," but that doesn't mean he's unappreciated or underrated by the fans. Throughout his short career so far he's proven to be ridiculously versatile, playing as a No. 10 and a right-winger in a 4-2-3-1 and a box-to-box central midfielder in a 4-3-3. He's most at home behind the striker in a central position, so that's where we've graded him, and he impressed in that role for Brazil this summer in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. His low centre of gravity makes him tough to barge off the ball despite his small stature, while his understanding of the game and how to create and manipulate space is top notch. Andre Schuerrle looks set to threaten Oscar's position in the side, and the Brazilian will need to have a big season to keep the £18 million German out. Position: Centre-back Score: 76.9 In a trade, of sorts, with Fiorentina last season, Manchester City acquired little-known centre-back Matija Nastasic and shedded the unwanted Stefan Savic. Savic has gone on to prosper in purple, while Nastasic has stunned in sky blue: The 20-year-old was a criminal omission from the PFA Young Player of the Year Awards after becoming the mainstay in City's defence. The Serbian international shows Laurent Koscielny-esque reading of the game and, as a result of seeing things earlier than most, negates his smaller stature. He's seen off bigger, more physical opponents such as Christian Benteke and quicker, more instinctive players such as Theo Walcott. Nastasic is already one of the Premier League's best central defenders. Position: Surging Centre-Back Score: 77 Critics of David Luiz—and there are many—were left flabbergasted after some fantastic performances in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. Moving forward he was confident and brought creativity that Luiz Gustavo and Paulinho simply could not, while at the back he was more assured than ever and made a unbelievable goal-line clearance to keep the Selecao in control in the final. He returns to Chelsea still the terrace hero of seasons past, and with dodgy rumours regarding his sale firmly quashed , he can look forward to cementing a first-choice partnership in the heart of the Blues' defence with either Branislav Ivanovic or Gary Cahill. Expect big things from Luiz as he continues a meteoric rise in football fans' estimations. Position: Full-back Score: 77.4 Ashley Cole was quite content to stick around at Chelsea for another season, and the fans are happy to continue watching him roam the left flank. He's far more defensively orientated than most top-level full-backs, and it's refreshing to see a modern defender so conscientious when it comes to defending his flank and mopping up any danger. He picks the right time to go forward but perhaps doesn't have as much of an impact in the final third as some would like: Whether that's down to a lack of chemistry of Eden Hazard , tiring legs or basic instruction, we can't be certain. Jose Mourinho returns and will be odds-on to get the very best out of Cole once again. Position: Target man Score: 77.5 Unless Wayne Rooney signs, the sight of Romelu Lukaku taking a place on the bench for Chelsea on the opening day against Hull City will anger the Stamford Bridge faithful. His 17 goals from 20 starts for West Bromwich Albion was arguably the most impressive haul across the entire English Premier League, and the time is right to let him lead the line ahead of Fernando Torres and Demba Ba. He's the complete forward, but at just 20 years of age still has massive room for growth. Physically he can be unplayable, but he has a surprising amount of top-end speed and a wonderful eye for a pass. He could effectively play in any of the forward roles—be it poacher or deep-lying—but we've graded him as a target man as it suits his burgeoning attributes the best. Score: 77.5 It's hard to believe Chelsea nearly let him go. Chelsea's record goalscorer Frank Lampard signed on for another year before season's end, with Roman Abramovich finally caving to public opinion. He's worth it, no question, and his strike tally of 203 goals is only going to improve with another campaign at Stamford Bridge coming up. Jose Mourinho has a wealth of options in midfield and will likely rotate to keep everyone fresh. This suits Lampard down to the ground at 35 years of age, as, despite his incredible fitness levels, he is experiencing a natural physical decline. His ability to arrive in the penalty area late and lap up easy goals will never diminish, though. Position: Surging defensive midfielder Score: 77.5 Mousa Dembele came to the English Premier League as a striker/second forward but, over the course of his time at Fulham and now Tottenham Hotspur, has converted to a holding midfielder. It's an odd switch, and one you won't see replicated on a wider scale, but Dembele has all the attributes to play as a prototypical surging holding midfielder in 2013. His reading of the game is superb, and he's taken his former ability to open holes from the No. 10 position and transitioned it to an ability to close them on the other side. In possession he's graceful, assured and plays accurate, snappy passes. Dembele has developed a taste for tackling, but relies more on his positional sense than anything else to snuff out danger as early as possible. His size is an advantage when he chooses to steam forward, and his forward's background means he seldom gets a nose bleed when appearing in and around the box. Position: Full-back Score: 77.5 Leighton Baines was the English Premier League's best left-back last season, prompting clamours for him to start on a consistent basis for England. Going forward he's a menace, playing neat triangles and give-and-gos with Steven Pienaar and Marouane Fellaini to wreak havoc down the left-hand side for the Toffees. Under Roberto Martinez his role will likely be similar, as even if the Spaniard switches to a 3-4-3, Baines basically plays as a wing-back anyway. Defensively Baines didn't score as highly as several full-backs, but his crossing tipped him over the edge; He was the most accurate crosser in the Premier League last year, and created a bucket-load of chances for the key attackers around him. Watch out for the "Baines underlap" becoming an actual footballing term. Score: 77.6 Pablo Zabaleta just grades out as our best full-back, and rightly so. The Manchester City right-sider is a consistent and professional presence on the team and boasts an immense understanding of the game. He knows when to go forward and when to drop in, is capable of forming a three-man defensive line in a formation switch and can deputise in midfield or on the wing. He is one of Mark Hughes' best signings ever not only for his footballing abilities, but also his willingness to mentor players off the field who are struggling. He did a fantastic job abating Carlos Tevez throughout his bad spells but remained exemplary on the pitch. Remarkable. Position: Suring centre-back Score: 77.7 Jan Vertonghen was an inspired signing by Tottenham last summer, securing a true ball-playing centre-back for a relative bargain fee. He's become a key player at White Hart Lane, marshalling the high defensive line and surging forward to create mismatches in the midfield. His cameos at left-back for club and country have enabled him to stretch his legs and run with the ball at his feet, and now he's got a taste for it. At the back he's dominant in the air, switches targets extremely well and uses his pace to chase down runners. His absence at the start of the season, caused by horrendous conditions in the Barclay's Asia Tour, is a huge blow for Spurs to take. Position: Deep-lying playmaker Score: 77.8 Steven Gerrard enjoyed something of a renaissance last season after Brendan Rodgers cleverly crafted him a regista-esque role. He was suffering further forward due to that injection of pace disappearing, but he can still thread the eye of a needle with a pass from 50 yards, and Liverpool used that to their full advantage. With speedsters to run the channels and a hardworking Jordan Henderson to occupy the markers in front of him, Gerrard found it easy to drop in, collect the ball from his centre-backs and wreak havoc. Teams needed to focus on putting a man on Gerrard— á la Duda on Ilkay Gundogan, for example—but only Southampton's Mauricio Pochettino was wise enough to devise a plan to stop him. Saints won 3-1, inflicting the Reds' only defeat across the final 12 Premier League games. Doubts about Gerrard's durability have been shelved for now, as he can expect to prosper in this role for another two seasons yet. Position: Anchor defensive midfielder Score: 77.9 Morgan Schneiderlin enjoyed the Mecca of debut English Premier League seasons in 2012-13, notching up an astonishing average of 4.1 tackles and 3.9 interceptions per game. He's truly at home in Mauricio Pochettino's high-pressure system, and the Frenchman has been given the freedom to step out and harass midfielders at will. His incredible engine ensures he's back in position in time to make the next vital action, while the #preseasonuncovered campaign run by Southampton proved he has excellent close control too. It was no surprise to see Arsenal linked with a £10 million bid for him by The Sun , given his tremendous form over 36 games. He's only going to get better too. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 77.9 Andre Schuerrle joined Chelsea this summer on the back of a stellar Bundesliga campaign with Bayer Leverkusen. The Werkself, with Sami Hyypia at the helm, shocked many by constructing a brilliant team capable of matching UEFA Champions finalists Borussia Dortmund all the way in the league. Schuerrle was a huge part of the team, contributing 11 goals and seven assists from the left side of a 4-3-3 built on pace and power on the counterattack. Schuerrle stands to fit in with Jose Mourinho's way of playing—also built on explosive, direct attacks—extremely well. He will likely avoid any kind of double-marking due to the star-studded presence of Eden Hazard and Juan Mata on the same team. He's walking into a system that suits him, he's first choice and on form—expect a big year from the £18 million man. Position: Anchor midfielder Score: 78.1 When Sandro fell to the ground at Loftus Road in January clutching his knee, it was pretty evident he was in immense pain. The subsequent announcement that he'd be out for the rest of the reason was no surprise. This was the crushing blow in Tottenham's season, the one that may well have cost them a place in the UEFA Champions League for the 2013-14 campaign. Sandro's influence is huge, but not in the obvious way as with many who play in the role Claude Makelele has made so famous in the 21st century. Spurs had no one else on the roster even remotely capable of replacing his eye for an interception and crunching presence in front of the back four, and they couldn't afford to purchase a replacement such is his quality. He remains one of the world's best screening midfielders and should be primed to start fresh in August. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 78.2 Brendan Rodgers made an inspired signing in January in the form of Daniel Sturridge, taking a relative gamble to bring him to Anfield for £12 million. In just 11 English Premier League starts, the England international grabbed 10 goals and three assists, earning a starting spot in Roy Hodgson's national side after excelling in Luis Suarez 's absence. He and Philippe Coutinho destroyed Newcastle United 6-0 in the back end of April, then bagged a hat-trick for himself at Craven Cottage to affirm his burgeoning talents. He's a wicked finisher from anywhere within 20 yards from goal, but his technique is also fantastic. He likes to drop in and out of the line rather than play exclusively on the shoulder, and his passing game improves with every weekend gone by. Position: Centre-back Score: 78.2 Branislav Ivanovic has been a mainstay in the Chelsea defence since signing in 2008, offering consistency, reliability and versatility. He's monstrous in the air and boasts incredible movement and agility when jockeying for position and space. His goalscoring record from corners is incredible, and perhaps his most important ever goal came in the dying minutes of the UEFA Europa League final against Benfica. Flying forward from full-back, he is better than most converted central defenders, but he still has his limitations on the technical side of the game. That doesn't hinder him when marshalling the middle, though, and he uses a traditional blend of brute force and powerful moves to get the better of his markers. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 78.4 Again, given Stevan Jovetic's prowess in many positions, it was difficult to pin down how he should be graded. He looks set to feature as a second striker more often than a wide man, though, and he played large chunks of the season just gone with Fiorentina as more of a seconda punta. Never seen Jovetic play before? You're in for a treat, as he combines immense technical prowess with intricate touches and long-range bullet strikes. His injury-riddled past is a worry, but he came through the entirety of the 2012-13 campaign unscathed and blossomed as a result. He's a Manchester City player €25 million later, and he should go a long way toward replacing Carlos Tevez—only with significantly less miles on the clock and zero likelihood for tantrums. Position: Sweeper keeper Score: 78.4 Hugo Lloris was a surprise signing at Tottenham given the presence of Brad Friedel, but Andre Villas-Boas' move for the French goalkeeper was well justified by season's end. AVB wanted to install a high defensive line at White Hart Lane and had nearly all the tools to do so: Younes Kaboul and Jan Vertonghen have the pace and awareness to play it, but Friedel is not your prototypical sweeper keeper. Lloris is, and he excelled all season in storming out from the edge of his area to mop up long balls and hopeful punts. Rather than play in goal, Lloris is more the very last line of defence, using his feet in buildup play and confidently claiming crosses and high balls early on. It's a valuable commodity to have, and the Frenchman is only going to get better. Position: Centre-back Score: 78.6 Vincent Kompany needs to put a dismal 2012-13 season behind him and lead Manchester City into a new lease of life. Injuries and a severe drop-off in form hampered the Belgian's performances last year, and if it weren't for the remarkable growth of Matija Nastasic, City may well have been further off the pace. On form, Kompany is one of the world's best central defenders. Aerially he is superb, while he also represents a commanding presence in defence and adjusts the height of his line extremely well. He's got that sliver of pace so many centre-backs crave, while he's also developed excellent ball-playing skills as a byproduct of deputising in defensive midfield. Kompany is not the highest-ranked defender on this list due to poor form over the past 12 months, but there's every chance he will be this time next season should he impress in the manner we all expect. Position: Box-to-box midfielder Score: 78.7 "Jack Wilshere will be a world-beater...if he can stay fit." How tired are we of hearing this phrase uttered? Nevertheless, it rings true: Wilshere has missed large chunks of playing time due to long-term injuries, and fans are simply hoping he's getting them out of the way early in his career. Despite being just 21 years of age, what he has shown us so far is beyond superb. He offers the current crop of England players something no one can replicate—an ability to get his head down and take players on or keep it simple in the possession game. Roy Hodgson wants to build his side around him, Arsene Wenger wants to do the same. His engine, physical style and mindful presence on the field are already at a top, top level. Position: Traditional winger Score: 78.7 Signing Jesus Navas was a remarkably smart move by Manchester City, solving one of their biggest problems from last season by recruiting a superb player for a respectable price. Homesickness concerns aside, Navas looks set to rip the English Premier League to pieces with his near-unrivalled pace. He's more a traditional winger than anything else City have on the roster, and that should allow them to negate the width problems they've experienced for two or three seasons. His crossing brings renewed value to Edin Dzeko's presence in the side, while Alvaro Negredo will undoubtedly prosper given they've played together in Sevilla. A natural wide presence will also unlock more space for the likes of David Silva, Stevan Jovetic and Samir Nasri to work with. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 78.7 Joe Hart had what many consider to be a below-par campaign last year, but he still picked up 18 clean sheets in the league for Manchester City. He made a couple of gaffes and his England form wasn't great, but three consecutive Premier League golden gloves ? Some achievement, it must be said. His agile, reflex-based style is something few can match, and in the words of national boss Roy Hodgson, "produces the save that a normal goalkeeper wouldn't," courtesy of ESPN . He takes good command of his defensive line, screams at them all day long to pull together or push out and can even give captain Vincent Kompany a real earful if he doesn't like what he sees. Sven-Goran Eriksson made the right choice in choosing Hart over Andreas Isaksson five years ago, setting the Citizens up with a keeper who can mind the posts for more than a decade to come. Score: 79 Marouane Fellaini is facing a lot of questions this summer. Will the Belgian secure a move to Arsenal or Manchester United as talkSPORT suggest? How will he fit in Roberto Martinez's free-flowing system (if he stays), and which position will he play? Whatever the outcome, one thing is assured: Fellaini is good enough to take on any challenge—be it at Everton still or at a top club in David Moyes' United. He played an unorthodox role last season, just behind the striker, and the other side of his game really came to the fore. He was the target for his centre-backs to aim at, and no opposing player could outmuscle him. It's well-documented that the Belgian prefers to play as a holding midfielder, so we've graded him in that position. Should Martinez adopt a 3-4-3 at Goodison Park, there's no room for a burly No. 10. Position: Centre-back Score: 79.2 It was a tough season for many of the usual suspects at centre-back, be it due to injury or loss of form, but one man in particular rose to the very top of the game. Laurent Koscielny grades out as our top central defender, and deservedly so—the Frenchman put fitness issues firmly behind him to carry Arsenal's back line at times. His reading of the game is exceptional and his execution in tackling is superb, but what makes him stand out from the rest is his target identification and tracking of runners. His ability to switch seamlessly between runners—and give his fellow defenders a shout to tell them what he's doing—snuffs out several attackers per game. He's comfortable fanning out wide and serviceable in the air, making last-ditch challenges and bailing on Wojciech Szczesny on multiple occasions. Position: No. 10 Score: 79.4 Arsenal's 2012 marquee summer signing, Santi Cazorla, lit up the Emirates Stadium on a consistent basis last season. The Spaniard arrived for around £15 million after helping his old club, Malaga, into the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the team's history, and from the first whistle he became a key player under Arsene Wenger. He has that typical Iberian flavour to his game, controlling the ball with ease and making the extraordinary look simple. At times he can be accused of slowing attacks down a little too much, but he spent much of the first season adapting to a different pace on the pitch. Outside the box he's a menace, so reliable in possession to help create sustained pressure yet capable of scoring and assisting too. If Arsenal are to progress this season, Cazorla needs to stand up once again. Position: Goalkeeper Score: 79.4 Petr Cech is still a consistent, world-class goalkeeper and looks set to mind the sticks at Chelsea for several more years to come—much to the frustration of Thibaut Courtois. The young Belgian keeper has been sent on loan to Atletico Madrid for the third consecutive year in a bid to continue to improve rather than waste away in reserve playing cup games. At 31 years of age, Cech is still young for a No. 1 and continues to impress with his super reactions and fantastic command of his defensive line. He's experienced a lot of managers who have brought a lot of new ideas, but Cech has remained his usual old self and really takes charge at the back. His game isn't built on agility, so it's feasible to suggest the Czech international can continue for another three or four years at this calibre with ease. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 80.1 The Manchester City faithful will never, ever forget Sergio Aguero's name—not after this spine-tingling moment that had all but Manchester United fans jumping up and down. The 2012-13 season wasn't fantastic for the Argentine, but he remains one of the best players in the English Premier League and should bounce back this year. He was another who was difficult to categorise when grading him due to the fact that he plays so many roles so well—wide of the striker, in a withdrawn role or even as a prima punta. He'll better last season's tally of 12 goals with ease under Manuel Pellegrini. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 80.4 Given Wayne Rooney's extraordinary season of switching positions, it was difficult to pinpoint his actual role to effectively grade him. Settling on deep-lying forward (despite him playing as an orthodox central midfielder late in the season), his ability to make plays from the front and work with a strike partner really stood out. Forming a prolific partnership with Robin van Persie early in the season then later dropping in to fulfil necessary roles deeper on the pitch has earned him top marks on our metric. He's a world-class player, no doubt, and the rise of RvP has allowed many fans to forget how much of an influence the England international can have on a game. His pass to RvP at Old Trafford against Aston Villa last season—to effectively seal the Premier League title—was nothing short of astonishing. Position: Deep-lying playmaker Score: 80.8 Michael Carrick has gone from zero to hero over the course of three seasons. At the end of the 2012-13 campaign, pundits and fans alike were singing his praises. If Robin van Persie was the turning factor in the title win this year, Carrick was a close second in terms of influence on the pitch. He has developed into a pass master—both short and long—controlling the tempo, opening up pockets of space and supporting his teammates with a deep option at all times. His tackling has never been a strong suit, but being left as the last midfielder fairly often has enabled him to hone his positional sense and awareness to elite levels. Carrick has peaked, he's as good as he's going to get, and Manchester United fans will just be hoping he stays at this level for a long time a la Andrea Pirlo. Position: No. 10 Score: 80.9 Shinji Kagawa was criminally misused by Sir Alex Ferguson throughout the 2012-13 season. As a result, the Japanese star failed to kick on and become the world-beater he was at Borussia Dortmund. Fans have high hopes that David Moyes will utilise him as a talisman from the No. 10 position, and if he does, he will unlock the Japanese ace's game-changing abilities and attributes. There are few better at finding space between the lines than Kagawa, and his first touch is simply to die for. Ping it in to the former Cerezo Osaka midfielder's feet, and watch him wreak havoc, flummoxing defensive midfield lines and bringing others into play. His shooting leaves a little to be desired, but as far as playmaking midfielders go, he's up there with the very best...if he's used correctly. Position: Surging defensive midfielder Score: 81 Yaya Toure has essentially created a new role for players to aspire to, and a new role for managers to utilise when the going gets tough. His ability to defend as a more traditional holding midfielder yet pick a pass from 50 yards is impressive, but what sets him apart is his incredible athleticism and ability to "break" games. There is nothing like the sight of Yaya Toure running at full speed, and defensive midfielders dread the thought of the Ivorian tearing toward the penalty box with the ball at his feet. He is physically superior to almost every other player on the pitch, and that, combined with his enviable technique, makes him the complete player. One thing he must work on is his defensive work rate and his identifying of the right time to surge forward and when not to—that's what kept him out of our top five. Position: No. 10 Score: 81.4 Philippe Coutinho likely features a little higher than many were expecting, but don't doubt his quality—he is absolutely nuts. It's a rare treat to see someone so able to create and exploit space in even the most organised defensive structures, and he proved on many occasions last season that he's too hot to handle. Fellow colleagues Iago Aspas, Daniel Sturridge and Luis Suarez will be hyped going into the season as the difference-makers for Brendan Rodgers' side, but Coutinho is the key player here. If he performs consistently over the course of the season, the Reds could be in for a series of cricket scores. Opposing players gravitate toward him wherever he's playing, and just as they think they're odds-on for the tackle/interception, he produces a wonderful through ball to put his striker one vs. one with the goalkeeper. It's very, very difficult to plan for players like this. Score: 83.6 By most accounts, David Silva had a poor 2012-13 season. His form dipped in and out as he tired, prompting suggestions he was being overused, over-relied upon and subsequently became exhausted. Roberto Mancini's torrid tactics didn't help the Spaniard last year, but you can bet Manuel Pellegrini will get the very best out of a player who can, on his day, absolutely steal the show. That day didn't come around often enough last season, but if he can replicate the form shown throughout the 2011-12 campaign, Manchester City will be in for a trophy-laden year. Silva has an ability like no other in the English Premier League—not even Juan Mata—and he can produce some of the most jaw-dropping reverse passes and intricate dinks inside the penalty area you'll ever see. Twenty yards from goal with a yard of space, this man is guaranteed to pick out a pass that will hurt you. It's gob-smacking at times. Position: Inverted winger Score: 83.9 Arriving under the heavy burden of a £32 million price tag, Eden Hazard showed maturity beyond his years not only to cope with the pressure but thrive under it. He took the bull by the horns, beating Wigan Athletic on the opening day of the 2012-13 season almost single-handedly, then contributed heavily to an unbeaten run of eight games to cement the Blues' spot at the top of the table. His form dipped alarmingly in midseason, but at 21 years of age that's natural. The ruthless sacking of Roberto Di Matteo and terrace-wide dislike of new instalment Rafa Benitez hardly helped either. Hazard is poised to improve again in the coming season, being used opposite either Andre Schuerrle or Oscar in Jose Mourinho's 4-2-3-1 formation. His raw pace and acceleration will serve the team extremely well in a counterattacking setup, so expect an improved goal tally from the Belgian in what represents the biggest season of his young life so far. Position: Inverted winger Score: 84.1 Gareth Bale carried Tottenham Hotspur at times last season, shouldering the responsibility of three players' positions to give them a fighting chance of UEFA Champions League football. They came up short in the end, but the second half of the 2012-13 season showed Bale's immense work rate and willingness to graft for the team—as well as his unbelievable technique and quality on the ball. He scored 21 Premier League goals from an assortment of positions in midfield, drifting across the advanced line to find space and take advantage of weaknesses. Few defenders successfully shackled him, and Sir Alex Ferguson had to commit three players (Rio Ferdinand, Phil Jones and Rafael) to mark him out of the game when Manchester United visited White Hart Lane to achieve a 1-1 draw. He's set to continue his exponential growth in the 2013-14 season. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 84.4 Robin van Persie enjoyed a spectacular debut season with Manchester United, assisting them in wrestling the English Premier League title away from fierce rivals Manchester City. He put his injury concerns behind him from the word go, firing in 26 league goals and tallying up eight league assists while simultaneously changing the very fabric of United's game. Plenty of preseason speculation centred on how he'd fit into the side, and common consensus maintained that RvP's arrival could change the role of Wayne Rooney. But Ferguson sprang a big surprise, naming a 4-4-2 lineup in almost every league fixture and allowing both RvP and Rooney to dip in and out of the forward line at will. They essentially played as two nine-and-a-halves, and opposing centre-backs found it immensely difficult to deal with. Position: Deep-lying forward Score: 84.5 The big question surrounding Luis Suarez ahead of the 2012-13 season was whether or not he could become the 20-goal striker Liverpool so badly craved. He answered his doubters with an emphatic "yes," combining his already stellar buildup play and movement with a deft finish and confidence in front of goal. Twenty-nine goals and five assists later, no one is doubting him, and he rightly comes in second place in our rankings ahead of a host of world-class names. His ability to play behind the striker, between the lines, as a false-nine or from either flank makes him an incredibly versatile and sought-after commodity, and Arsenal are seriously testing the Anfield club's resolve with some monstrous bids for his services. No matter which kit he dons next season, he's going to be a goal machine. Position: No. 10 Score: 87.1 Juan Mata enjoyed a stellar 2012-13 season and looks primed to enter the new one an even better player. As No. 10s go, he is the cream of the crop, with his vision and ability to pick the unbelievable pass every time escalating him to the very top of our rankings. Mata is the undoubted talisman of Stamford Bridge, and despite the presence of other stars such as Eden Hazard and Oscar, he comfortably shines brightest in the eyes of the fans. It's moments such as this , a world-class through ball in behind a deep Manchester United defence to allow Demba Ba to score the winner, that affirm his majestic talents on the ball. Accolades have simply fallen into his lap since joining Chelsea in 2011, and that trend will likely be set to continue under the stewardship of Mourinho. Expect to see Mata in the No. 10 role of a 4-2-3-1 formation, pulling the strings and creating openings just like Mesut Oezil did at Real Madrid in a similar setup.	i don't know
Making his debut for Sunderland the season before last, who is the only footballer from Albania ever to play in the Premier League?	BBC SPORT \| Football \| Premier League \| Where the Premier League's players come from Where the Premier League's players come from Data shown is place of birth, not nationality. (Data last updated 13 August 2009) By Ollie Williams In the past two decades, the composition of England's top-flight teams has changed dramatically. At the start of the 1989-90 season, leading clubs like Arsenal and Manchester United boasted just one or two regular first-team players who were born outside the United Kingdom. Now, Premier League teams have, on average, 13 foreign-born stars within their ranks. 'THE GLOBAL GAME' Watch the BBC News Channel/BBC World on Friday for interviews and analysis on the global growth and appeal of the Premier League, with coverage also on radio and online Use the interactive world map above to explore the birthplaces of players in all the current Premier League squads, and compare them with the same teams' players from the start of the 1989-90 season - then find out more about each team below. Twenty years ago, defending champions Arsenal had just two players born outside the UK on their books: Icelandic midfielder Sigurdur Jonsson and Irish forward Niall Quinn. Jonsson made barely a handful of appearances before leaving Highbury in 1992, while Quinn was soon to sign for Manchester City. Liverpool, eventual title-winners that season, had an unusually large number of foreign-born players in their 1989-90 squad. Bruce Grobbelaar - one of few foreign stars in 1989 Kenny Dalglish's side featured five players born outside the UK: John Barnes (Jamaica), Bruce Grobbelaar (South Africa), Glenn Hysen (Sweden), Jan Molby (Denmark) and Steve Staunton (Republic of Ireland). But they were the exception. Teams were far more likely to boast just one or two players born outside the UK and, in many cases (such as Manchester City's David Oldfield and Chelsea's Tony Dorigo), those players were British nationals who happened to have been born abroad. Two decades ago, the teams making up this year's Premier League could only boast 12 players born outside the Commonwealth between them. Twenty years later, more than half of the Premier League's clubs could field an entire starting line-up of foreign-born players. Liverpool now have just three UK-born first-team stars in Jamie Carragher, Steven Gerrard and Glen Johnson, with other British talents like Jay Spearing making only occasional European appearances to date. Anfield is home to 20 foreign-born players with a strong first-team claim, while Arsenal can boast 23, as opposed to four Brits, all aged under 21. Teams recently promoted to the top flight have the fewest foreign-born players in their first-team squads - Burnley have seven, Wolves have eight, as do Stoke, who gained promotion a year earlier, while Birmingham have nine. West Ham are also at the lower end of the spectrum, with nine foreign-born players, but at the time of writing this still comprised almost half of the 21 first-team players at Gianfranco Zola's disposal. You can find out more about your team below. Remember that the data focuses on place of birth, not nationality. Read more, comment and download the data on Ollie Williams' blog Jump to a team 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, two born abroad 2009-10: Four players born in UK, 23 born abroad Jack Wilshere is one of Arsenal's UK-born youngsters Jonsson and Quinn, mentioned above, were as exotic as it got for the Gunners 20 years ago. Arsenal could almost have put out a starting line-up featuring only players born in the London area. By contrast, in February 2005, manager Arsene Wenger became the first in English football to field a matchday squad lacking any English players. The current squad's UK-born talents - Theo Walcott, Aaron Ramsey, Kieran Gibbs and Jack Wilshere - are all under 21 years old. Points on the map 2009-10: Carlos Vela, who waited more than three years for his first Arsenal goal (and two of those waiting for a work permit), is Mexican. Brazilians Denilson and Eduardo hail from Sao Paulo and Rio respectively. There are three imports from West Africa - Emmanuel Eboue, Johan Djourou and Alex Song, while Andrey Arshavin was born in St Petersburg, Russia. In full: Almunia (Spain), Arshavin (Russia), Bendtner (Denmark), Clichy (France), Denilson (Brazil), Diaby (France), Djourou (Ivory Coast), Eboue (Ivory Coast), Eduardo (Brazil), Fabianski (Poland), Fabregas (Spain), Gallas (France), Gibbs (Lambeth, UK), Mannone (Italy), Nasri (France), Ramsey (Caerphilly, UK), Rosicky (Czech Rep), Sagna (France), Senderos (Switzerland), Silvestre (France), Song (Cameroon), Traore (France), Van Persie (Netherlands), Vela (Mexico), Vermaelen (Belgium), Walcott (Stanmore, UK), Wilshere (Stevenage, UK). 1989-90: The only two born outside the UK are Jonsson (Akranes, Iceland) and Quinn (Perrystown, Ireland). Within the UK the vast majority are concentrated around London, but the trio visible in the North East are Neil Heaney, Brian Marwood and Kevin Richardson. In full: Adams (Romford, UK), Bould (Stoke, UK), Caesar (Tottenham, UK), Campbell (Lambeth, UK), Cole (Nottingham, UK), Davis (Dulwich, UK), Dixon (Manchester, UK), Groves (Bow, UK), Hayes (Walthamstow, UK), Heaney (Middlesbrough, UK), Jonsson (Iceland), Lukic (Chesterfield, UK), Marwood (Seaham, UK), Merson (Harlesden, UK), O'Leary (Stoke Newington, UK), Quinn (Ireland), Richardson (Newcastle, UK), Rocastle (Lewisham, UK), Smith (Bromsgrove, UK), Thomas (Lambeth, UK), Winterburn (Arley, UK). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, three born abroad 2009-10: 18 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Aston Villa's Nigel Callaghan was born in Singapore in 1962 Dwight Yorke made his Villa debut towards the end of the 89/90 season, as one of three foreign-born players in Graham Taylor's side. Another new arrival, Denmark's Kent Nielsen, and Singapore-born Nigel Callaghan were the other two. This season, Martin O'Neill has plenty of players with first-team credentials at his disposal, but 18 of the 30 we have listed remain UK-born, including five from the West Midlands. The 2009-10 Villa squad is unusual in naming three US-born players: goalkeeper Brad Friedel, Friedel's back-up Brad Guzan, and youngster Eric Lichaj. Points on the map 2009-10: Guzan and Lichaj both hail from the US state of Illinois so show up almost on top of each other on the map, with Friedel, born in Ohio, slightly to the east. Togolese midfielder Moustapha Salifou and Australian duo Chris Herd and Shane Lowry, both from Perth, are named as first-team squad members on the Villa website, despite only a handful of appearances between them. In full: Agbonlahor (Birmingham, UK), Albrighton (Tamworth, UK), Baker (Birmingham, UK), Bannan (Airdrie, UK), Beye (France), Bouma (Netherlands), Carew (Norway), Cuellar (Spain), Clark (Harrow, UK), Davies (London, UK), Delfouneso (Birmingham, UK), Delph (Bradford, UK), Downing (Middlesbrough, UK), Friedel (US), Gardner (Solihull, UK), Guzan (US), Harewood (Hampstead, UK), Herd (Australia), Heskey (Leicester, UK), Lichaj (US), Lowry (Australia), Milner (Leeds, UK), O'Halloran (Ireland), Petrov (Bulgaria), Reo-Coker (Southwark, UK), Salifou (Togo), Shorey (Romford, UK), Sidwell (Wandsworth, UK), A Young (Stevenage, UK), L Young (Harlow, UK). 1989-90: Yorke is represented by a point above the town of Canaan in Tobago, just above the South American coast. Nielsen was born in Frederiksberg, Denmark, and Englishman Callaghan's birthplace was Singapore. Closer to home, Gareth Williams was born in Cowes, on the Isle of Wight. The 89/90 squad had fewer West Midlands-born players than the current team. In full: Birch (West Bromwich, UK), Blake (Nottingham, UK), Butler (Sheffield, UK), Callaghan (Singapore), Comyn (Wakefield, UK), Cowans (West Cornforth, UK), Daley (Birmingham, UK), Gage (Chiswick, UK), Gray (Withernsea, UK), Heath (Stoke, UK), McGrath (Ealing, UK), Mountfield (Liverpool, UK), Nielsen (Denmark), Olney (Luton, UK), Ormondroyd (Bradford, UK), Platt (Chadderton, UK), Price (Hereford, UK), Spink (Chelmsford, UK), Williams (Cowes, UK), Yorke (Trinidad & Tobago). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: 18 players born in UK, nine born abroad Lee Bowyer, part of an influx of British-born Birmingham players Birmingham's entire squad for the 89/90 season hailed from the UK. Most were born in the Midlands or the North West. Dougie Bell, who signed from Shrewsbury early in the campaign, was the Birmingham player farthest from his home town, having been born in Paisley. This season, boss Alex McLeish has strengthened his squad with a number of English signings over the summer, including a permanent deal for Lee Bowyer, Scott Dann from Coventry City, Roger Johnson from Cardiff City, and goalkeeper Joe Hart on loan from Manchester City. Fellow new boys Giovanny Espinoza, born on the border between Ecuador and Colombia, and Ecuadorian compatriot Christian Benitez are by some distance Birmingham's farthest-flung imports. Points on the map 2009-10: Espinoza and Benitez were born either side of the equator in South America - the former just above, the latter just below. Others easy to spot include Sweden's Seb Larsson, Pole Artur Krysiak, Germany-born Maik Taylor and Frenchman Franck Queudrue. In full: Benitez (Ecuador), Bent (Hammersmith, UK), Bowyer (Canning Town, UK), Carr (Ireland), Carsley (Birmingham, UK), Dann (Liverpool, UK), Doyle (Ireland), Espinoza (Colombia), Fahey (Ireland), Hart (Shrewsbury), Jerome (Huddersfield, UK), D Johnson (Lisburn, UK), R Johnson (Ashford, UK), Krysiak (Poland), Larsson (Sweden), McFadden (Glasgow, UK), McPike (Birmingham, UK), McSheffrey (Coventry, UK), Murphy (Hartlepool, UK), Mutch (Alvaston, UK), O'Connor (Edinburgh, UK), Parnaby (Durham, UK), Phillips (Hitchin, UK), Queudrue (France), Ridgewell (London, UK), Maik Taylor (Germany), Martin Taylor (Ashington, UK). 1989-90: Third Division outfit Birmingham had a healthy crop of locally-born players. Apart from Paisley's Bell, Welsh goalkeeper Martin Thomas and Durham-born midfielder Nigel Gleghorn, recently signed from top-flight Manchester City, were the players born farthest from St Andrew's. In full (all UK): Ashley (Birmingham), Atkins (Birmingham), Bailey (Lambeth), Bell (Paisley), Clarkson (Solihull), Deakin (Stocksbridge), Frain (Birmingham), Gleghorn (Seaham), Gordon (Stourbridge), Hopkins (Birmingham), Langley (St Helens), Matthewson (Sheffield), Overson (Kettering), Peer (Stourbridge), Roberts (Manchester), Sproson (Stoke), Tait (Sutton Coldfield), Thomas (Senghenydd), Yates (Birmingham). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: Seven players born in UK, 18 born abroad Frank Stapleton, born in Ireland, played for Blackburn in 1989 At the start of the 89/90 season, Blackburn's lone player born outside the UK was Frank Stapleton. The Irishman, then 33, had arrived at Blackburn after a short spell at French side Le Havre. Blackburn crashed out of the Second Division play-offs for the second year in a row at the end of the season. Twenty years later, Sam Allardyce's Rovers squad spans several continents, with players originating from Canada to Croatia to the Caucasus. Points on the map 2009-10: Blackburn are the only Premier League outfit with three first-team players from Australasia: Brett Emerton is from Sydney, Vince Grella was born in Melbourne and Ryan Nelsen comes from Christchurch, NZ. Rovers also have two South Africans with new signing Elrio Van Heerden, from Port Elizabeth, joining Cape Town-born Benni McCarthy, while Franco Di Santo, from Argentina, is on loan from Chelsea. In full: Andrews (Ireland), Brown (Southwark, UK), Di Santo (Argentina), Diouf (Senegal), Dunn (Blackburn, UK), Emerton (Australia), Gallagher (Glasgow, UK), Givet (France), Grella (Australia), Hoilett (Canada), Jacobsen (Denmark), Kalinic (Croatia), Khizanishvili (Georgia), McCarthy (South Africa), N'Zonzi (France), Nelsen (New Zealand), Olsson (Sweden), Pedersen (Norway), Reid (Kingston, UK), Roberts (Park Royal, UK), Robinson (Beverley, UK), Samba (France), Treacy (Ireland), Van Heerden (South Africa), Warnock (Ormskirk, UK). 1989-90: Stapleton's home town of Dublin appears on the map, with Colin Hendry the northern-most squad member having been born in the small town of Keith, in Scotland. Rovers had five more Scotland-born players in the first team that season: Ally Dawson, Ronnie Hildersley, Andy Kennedy, Alan Irvine and John Millar. In full: Atkins (Doncaster, UK), Dawson (Johnstone, UK), Finnigan (Wimbledon, UK), Garner (Boston, UK), Hendry (Keith, UK), Gennoe (Shrewsbury, UK), Gayle (Toxteth, UK), Hildersley (Kirkcaldy, UK), Kennedy (Stirling, UK), Hill (Bolton, UK), Johnrose (Preston, UK), Irvine (Glasgow, UK), May (Oldham, UK), Millar (Bellshill, UK), Oliver (Berwick, UK), Reid (Urmston, UK), Sellars (Sheffield, UK), Skinner (Manchester, UK), Stapleton (Ireland), Sulley (Camberwell, UK), Wilcox (Farnworth, UK). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 13 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Nicky Hunt, from Westhoughton, is Bolton's local link Bolton's first-team squad for the coming season is split almost 50/50 between UK-born and foreign players. But long-serving defender Nicky Hunt is the club's only real local boy, having been born in nearby Westhoughton. Ten of the 89/90 squad hailed from the North West, rising to 11 with the inclusion of Ian Stevens. Though Stevens was born in Malta, he grew up in Lancashire and was on Preston's books as a youngster. Points on the map 2009-10: Ricardo Gardner and Jlloyd Samuel come from the West Indies (Gardner, from Jamaica, is shown to the left of Samuel, from Trinidad), while Nigeria and Ghana supply Dan Shittu and Mustapha Riga respectively. Fabrice Muamba, shown slightly farther south of those two, is Congolese. Bolton's Ali Al Habsi, born in Oman on the Arabian Peninsula, is one of fewer than 25 top-flight players who are their country's sole representative in the Premier League. In full: Al Habsi (Oman), Basham (Hebburn, UK), Cahill (Sheffield, UK), Cohen (Israel), K Davies (Sheffield, UK), M Davies (Wolverhampton, UK), Davis (Clapham, UK), Elmander (Sweden), Gardner (Jamaica), Hunt (Westhoughton, UK), Jaaskelainen (Finland), Knight (Solihull, UK), McCann (Blackpool, UK), Muamba (DR Congo), A O'Brien (Harrogate, UK), J O'Brien (Ireland), Obadeyi (Birmingham, UK), Ricketts (Aylesbury, UK), Riga (Ghana), Robinson (Watford, UK), Samuel (Trinidad & Tobago), Shittu (Nigeria), Steinsson (Iceland), Taylor (Oxford, UK), Vaz Te (Portugal). 1989-90: The most obvious point is Stevens, born in the Maltese capital - Valletta - before moving to the UK. Within the UK, Mark Came hailed from Exeter in the South West, David Felgate was born in the Welsh town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, and current Hull manager Phil Brown was one of two players, alongside Tony Philliskirk, to come from the North East. In full: Brookman (Manchester, UK), Brown (South Shields, UK), Comstive (Southport, UK), Came (Exeter, UK), Chandler (Hammersmith, UK), Cowdrill (Birmingham, UK), Crombie (Lincoln, UK), Darby (Farnworth, UK), Felgate (Blaenau Ffestiniog, UK), Fisher (St Helens, UK), Hughes (Denton, UK), Jeffrey (Liverpool, UK), Philliskirk (Sunderland, UK), Reeves (Birkenhead, UK), Rose (Evesham, UK), Savage (Liverpool, UK), Stevens (Malta), Storer (Rugby, UK), Thompson (Oldham, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: 16 players born in UK, seven born abroad Kosovo-born Besart Berisha represents Albania at international level Premier League new boys Burnley retain a largely British-born squad following their promotion from the Championship. But the Turf Moor club boast a small Scandinavian contingent and Peruvian Diego Penny, plus new Ecuadorian signing Fernando Guerrero. Two decades ago, Burnley were languishing in the Fourth Division with a team drawn almost entirely from England. Only Burnley stalwart Joe Jakub, born in Falkirk, and Welsh goalkeeper Chris Pearce came from elsewhere. Points on the map 2009-10: Goalkeeper Penny, born in Lima, is Burnley's farthest-flung first-team player, although he has been unable to dislodge another foreigner - Copenhagen-born Dane Brian Jensen - from the number one spot. David Edgar, who joined from Newcastle United in July, was born in the Canadian city of Kitchener, while new boy Guerrero comes from Ecuador's capital, Quito. In full: Alexander (Coventry, UK), Blake (Middlesbrough, UK), Caldwell (Stirling, UK), Carlisle (Preston, UK), Duff (Belfast, UK), Eagles (Hemel Hempstead, UK), Easton (Glasgow, UK), Eckersley (Salford, UK), Edgar (Canada), Elliott (Southampton, UK), Fletcher (Shrewsbury, UK), Gudjonsson (Iceland), Guerrero (Ecuador), Jensen (Denmark), Jordan (Warrington, UK), Kalvenes (Norway), McCann (Ireland), McDonald (Carnoustie, UK), Mears (Stockport, UK), Paterson (Tunstall, UK), Penny (Peru), Rodriguez (Burnley, UK), Thompson (Paisley, UK). 1989-90: Jakub and Pearce aside, the majority of Burnley's players 20 years ago came from the North West. Five of the squad were born in the Midlands, with just two - Andy Farrell (Colchester) and Brendan O'Connell (London) - coming from the South. In full (all UK): Atkinson (Otley), Davis (Birmingham), Deakin (Liverpool), Deary (Ormskirk), Eli (Bradford), Farrell (Colchester), Futcher (Chester), Gardner (Middlesbrough), Grewcock (Leicester), Hardy (Manchester), Jakub (Falkirk), McGrory (Coventry), McKay (Banbury), Measham (Barnsley), Monington (Bilsthorpe), O'Connell (Lambeth), Pearce (Newport), Smith (Leeds), White (Leicester), Williams (Liverpool). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, four born abroad 2009-10: Six players born in UK, 17 born abroad Norwegian Erland Johnsen spent much of his career with Chelsea The poster boys of football's financial revolution prior to the advent of oil-rich Manchester City, Chelsea have rarely been short of foreign talent. Twenty years ago that talent largely took the form of Norwegian defender Erland Johnsen, who joined during the 89/90 season, and Dutchman Ken Monkou, born in Suriname. Today, new manager Carlo Ancelotti - himself a world away from 1989 boss Bobby Campbell - has stars from South America and the west coast of Africa at his disposal. In the absence of Argentine striker Franco Di Santo (on loan at Blackburn), Juliano Belletti, born in the western Brazilian city of Cascavel, has the birthplace farthest from Stamford Bridge. Points on the map 2009-10: Belletti is shown just to the left of Deco and Alex in Brazil, while Florent Malouda, born in French Guiana, is above them on the coast - not so far from Ken Monkou's birthplace in Suriname. The five dots in West Africa represent Didier Drogba and Salomon Kalou (both Ivory Coast), Jose Bosingwa (DR Congo), Mikel (Nigeria) and Michael Essien (Ghana). New boy Yuri Zhirkov comes from the Russian city of Tambov. In full: Alex (Brazil), Anelka (France), Ballack (Germany), Belletti (Brazil), Bosingwa (DR Congo), Carvalho (Portugal), Cech (Czech Rep), A Cole (Stepney, UK), J Cole (Islington, UK), Deco (Brazil), Drogba (Ivory Coast), Essien (Ghana), Ferreira (Portugal), Hilario (Portugal), Ivanovic (Serbia), Kalou (Ivory Coast), Lampard (Romford, UK), Malouda (French Guiana), Mancienne (Isleworth, UK), Mikel (Nigeria), Sturridge (Birmingham, UK), Terry (London, UK), Zhirkov (Russia). 1989-90: Monkou and Johnsen are easily spotted in Suriname and Norway respectively, but the mystery Australian-born star is Tony Dorigo, who was born in Melbourne. A young defender set to make his top-flight debut later in the season, by the name of Graeme Le Saux, came from the British Crown dependency of Jersey - not part of the UK. In full: Beasant (Willesden, UK), Bumstead (Rotherhithe, UK), Burley (Ayr, UK), Clarke (Saltcoats, UK), Dixon (Luton, UK), Dickens (Plaistow, UK), Dorigo (Australia), Durie (Paisley, UK), Freestone (Caerleon, UK), Hall (Croydon, UK), Hazard (Sunderland, UK), Hitchcock (Canning Town, UK), Le Saux (Jersey), Johnsen (Norway), Lee (Bristol, UK), McAllister (Falkirk, UK), Mitchell (Glasgow, UK), Monkou (Suriname), Nicholas (Newport, UK), Spackman (Romsey, UK), Stuart (Tooting, UK), C Wilson (Manchester, UK), K Wilson (Banbury, UK). 1989-90: 16 players born in UK, four born abroad 2009-10: 12 players born in UK, 10 born abroad Stefan Rehn represented Sweden and Everton Two of the foreign-born players in Everton's 89/90 squad have since made their names as managers back home. Raymond Atteveld, born in Amsterdam, is now manager of Dutch side Den Haag, and Stockholm-born Stefan Rehn co-manages IFK Gothenburg, but neither player achieved great success at Goodison Park. David Moyes retains a good-sized helping of locally-born players among his 2009/10 charges, but five continents are represented in the rest of the squad. Tim Howard is from the US, on-loan striker Jo grew up in Brazil, a number of players are of African origin and Tim Cahill was born in Sydney, Australia. Points on the map 2009-10: Carlo Nash, Tony Hibbert, Leighton Baines, Phil Jagielka, Phil Neville, Leon Osman, Jack Rodwell and James Wallace were all born in the North West. Aside from the far-flung foreign legion named above, the African stars in question are Joseph Yobo, Yakubu and Victor Anichebe (all Nigerian), and Steven Pienaar (South Africa). In full: Anichebe (Nigeria), Arteta (Spain), Baines (Kirkby, UK), Baxter (Bootle, UK), Cahill (Australia), Fellaini (Belgium), Gosling (Plymouth, UK), Hibbert (Liverpool, UK), Howard (US), Jagielka (Manchester, UK), Jo (Brazil), Lescott (Birmingham, UK), Nash (Bolton, UK), Neville (Bury, UK), Osman (Billinge), Pienaar (South Africa), Rodwell (Southport, UK), Saha (France), Vaughan (Birmingham, UK), Wallace (Liverpool, UK), Yakubu (Nigeria), Yobo (Nigeria). 1989-90: Atteveld's Dutch birthplace can be seen in the corner of the UK inset map, with Rehn up in Stockholm. Australian goalkeeper Jason Kearton was born in Ipswich, Queensland. In full: Atteveld (Netherlands), Cottee (West Ham, UK), Ebbrell (Bromborough, UK), Kearton (Australia), Keown (Oxford, UK), McCall (Leeds, UK), McDonald (Wallsend, UK), Nevin (Glasgow, UK), Newell (Liverpool, UK), Pointon (Warsop, UK), Ratcliffe (Deeside, UK), Rehn (Sweden), Sharp (Glasgow, UK), Sheedy (Builth Wells, UK), Snodin (Rotherham, UK), Southall (Llandudno, UK), Stowell (Portsmouth, UK), Watson (Liverpool, UK), Whiteside (Belfast, UK), Youds (Liverpool, UK). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: Eight players born in UK, 16 born abroad Gavin Nebbeling joined Fulham from Crystal Palace Fulham's one foreign star as a Third Division outfit in 1989 was Gavin Nebbeling. The South African, born in Johannesburg, joined from Crystal Palace that summer and scored twice in some 80 appearances for the club before leaving for Preston in 1993. The Fulham first-team squad now includes an Iranian (Andranik), a South Korean (Seol Ki-Hyeon) and a Hungarian (Zoltan Gera), among many other foreign-born players. However, Fulham retain three London-born players in their senior squad: Paul Konchesky, Bobby Zamora and Chris Smalling. Points on the map 2009-10: Fulham have two players from the US state of Texas. Defender Brede Hangeland was born in Houston, although he has earned 50 caps for the Norwegian national side, and Clint Dempsey was born in the small town of Nacogdoches. The dot in Australia is goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer, who was born in Sydney, and the African members of the squad are Dickson Etuhu (Nigeria) and John Pantsil (Ghana). In full: Andranik (Iran), Baird (Ballymena, UK), Bouazza (France), Davies (Haverfordwest, UK), Dempsey (US), Etuhu (Nigeria), Gera (Hungary), Hangeland (US), Hughes (Magherafelt, UK), Johnson (Bedford, UK), Kallio (Finland), Kamara (France), Kelly (Ireland), Konchesky (Barking, UK), Murphy (Chester, UK), Nevland (Norway), Pantsil (Ghana), Riise (Norway), Schwarzer (Australia), Seol (South Korea), Smalling (Greenwich, UK), Stoor (Sweden), Zamora (London, UK), Zuberbuhler (Switzerland). 1989-90: Nebbeling is the only Fulham player from 89/90 born outside the UK. Des Bremner was born in Aberchirder, in the north of Scotland, and Gordon Davies was born in Merthyr Tydfil, but the majority of the team 20 years ago came from the London area. In full: Barnett (Stratford, UK), Batty (Westminster, UK), Cole (Hillingdon, UK), Bremner (Aberchirder, UK), Davies (Merthyr Tydfil, UK), Donnellan (Willesden, UK), Eckhardt (Sheffield, UK), Elkins (Wallingford, UK), Langley (Lambeth, UK), Lewington (Lambeth, UK), Marshall (Balham, UK), Mauge (Islington, UK), Milton (Fulham, UK), Peters (Carshalton, UK), Nebbeling (South Africa), Sayer (Brent, UK), Scott (Notting Hill, UK), Skinner (Hounslow, UK), Stannard (Harold Hill, UK), Thomas (Hackney, UK), Walker (Oxford, UK), Watson (Edinburgh, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, three born abroad 2009-10: 14 players born in UK, 11 born abroad Harry Ngata was still playing, in Australia, in 2004 Hull's summer signings have increased the team's foreign contingent, with Nigerian Seyi Olofinjana, American Jozy Altidore and young French defender Steven Mouyokolo joining the club. Phil Brown's squad includes a number of other West African stars, plus players from South America and Australia. However, the Hull squad of 20 years ago can boast a player based farther afield - Harry Ngata. Ngata, born on New Zealand's North Island, started his career at Hull and is believed to have been the English league's first Maori player. Points on the map 2009-10: Four of the current squad were born in Africa - Olofinjana is from Nigerian capital Lagos, Daniel Cousin is from Gabon slightly to the south, George Boateng is from Ghana and Kamil Zayatte is from Guinea. Winger Richard Garcia was born in Perth, Australia, while Geovanni comes from the Brazilian city of Acaiaca. In full: Altidore (US), Ashbee (Birmingham, UK), Barmby (Hull, UK), Boateng (Ghana), Bullard (Newham, UK), Cousin (Gabon), Dawson (Northallerton, UK), Doyle (Derby, UK), Duke (Sheffield, UK), Fagan (Birmingham, UK), Folan (Leeds, UK), Garcia (Australia), Gardner (Stafford, UK), Geovanni (Brazil), Halmosi (Hungary), Hughes (Liverpool, UK), Kilbane (Preston, UK), Marney (Barking, UK), Mendy (France), Mouyokolo (France), Myhill (US), Olofinjana (Nigeria), Turner (Lewisham, UK), Warner (Liverpool, UK), Zayatte (Guinea). 1989-90: Ngata, born in Wanganui, was not the only foreign-born player in Hull's 89/90 squad, as they started their Second Division season under Colin Appleton before Stan Ternent took over. Goalkeeper Iain Hesford, who left Hull in 1991 and went on to play professionally in Hong Kong, was born in Zambia. In full: Askew (Great Lumley, UK), Brown (Hull, UK), Buckley (Hull, UK), Calvert (Consett, UK), De Mange (Ireland), Edwards (Middlesbrough, UK), Doyle (Neath, UK), Hesford (Zambia), Jacobs (Sheffield, UK), Jenkinson (Thorne, UK), Jobson (Cottingham, UK), Kelly (Beverley, UK), McParland (Edinburgh, UK), Murray (Buckie, UK), Payton (Whalley, UK), Roberts (Hull, UK), Ngata (New Zealand), Smith (Hull, UK), Swan (Leeds, UK), Terry (Clapton, UK), Thompson (Cleethorpes, UK), Warren (Manchester, UK), Whitehurst (Thurnscoe, UK). 1989-90: 18 players born in UK, five born abroad 2009-10: Four players born in UK, 20 born abroad Jan Molby, from Kolding in Denmark, in his Liverpool days Liverpool had more foreign-born first-team players in 1989 than they do UK-born regulars heading into the new season. Household names like Bruce Grobbelaar, John Barnes and Jan Molby were the foreign-born stars at Anfield 20 years ago. This season, as mentioned above, the likes of Gerrard and Carragher find themselves in squad dominated by foreign stars. Rafael Benitez presides over a squad which includes three Brazilians and two Argentines. Points on the map 2009-10: Diego Cavalieri, born in Sao Paulo, Fabio Aurelio, born in Sao Carlos, and Lucas Leiva from Dourados are the three Brazilians in the squad. Emiliano Insua (Buenos Aires) and Javier Mascherano (San Lorenzo) are from Argentina. Alberto Aquilani, brought in just after Liverpool had let Xabi Alonso go to Real Madrid, is the second Italian in the squad, joining Andrea Dossena. In full: Agger (Denmark), Aquilani (Italy), Aurelio (Brazil), Babel (Netherlands), Benayoun (Israel), Carragher (Bootle, UK), Cavalieri (Brazil), Degen (Switzerland), Dossena (Italy), El Zhar (France), Gerrard (Whiston, UK), Insua (Argentina), Johnson (London, UK), Kuyt (Netherlands), Leiva (Brazil), Mascherano (Argentina), Ngog (France), Plessis (France), Reina (Spain), Riera (Spain), Skrtel (Slovakia), Spearing (Wirral, UK), Torres (Spain), Voronin (Ukraine). 1989-90: Grobbelaar was born in Durban, South Africa, whereas Barnes is represented by a dot above Kingston, where he was born, despite his later England appearances. Jan Molby hails from Kolding, in Denmark, and was joined in the 89/90 squad by fellow Scandinavian Glenn Hysen, from Gothenburg, in Sweden. Steve Staunton is Liverpool's fifth foreign-born player, from Drogheda, in Ireland. In full: Ablett (Liverpool, UK), Aldridge (Liverpool, UK), Barnes (Jamaica), Beardsley (Newcastle, UK), Burrows (Dudley, UK), Dalglish (Dalmarnock, UK), Gillespie (Bonnybridge, UK), Grobbelaar (South Africa), Hansen (Alloa, UK), Hooper (Bristol, UK), Houghton (Glasgow, UK), Hysen (Sweden), Jones (Prescot, UK), Magilton (Belfast, UK), Marsh (Liverpool, UK), McMahon (Liverpool, UK), Molby (Denmark), Nicol (Irvine, UK), Rush (St Asaph, UK), Staunton (Ireland), Venison (Consett, UK), Tanner (Kingswood, UK), Watson (Liverpool, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: Seven players born in UK, 16 born abroad Carlos Tevez, part of Mark Hughes' Manchester City revolution Manchester City's academy has built a fine reputation over recent seasons, but home-grown youngsters could struggle to make an impact because of the massive spending power the club now possesses. That said, Mark Hughes has invested in UK-born talent this summer in the shape of Gareth Barry and Stuart Taylor, though other signings include Kolo Toure (Ivory Coast), Roque Santa Cruz (Paraguay), Emmanuel Adebayor (Togo) and Carlos Tevez (Argentina). Two decades earlier, the academy was already going strong, with the likes of Steve Redmond, David White and Paul Lake all having graduated from an all-conquering youth team. The one player whose birthplace lay outside the UK was David Oldfield, born in Perth, Australia. Points on the map 2009-10: Mark Hughes' new-look City squad relies heavily, like other Premier League sides with big ambitions, on West Africa and South America. Aside from the new signings named above, Robinho (Brazil) and Pablo Zabaleta (Argentina) make up the South American contingent, while Nedum Onuoha (born in Nigeria) and Benjani (Zimbabwe) are African-born. In full: Adebayor (Togo), Barry (Hastings, UK), Bellamy (Cardiff, UK), Ben-Haim (Israel), Benjani (Zimbabwe), Bridge (Southampton, UK), De Jong (Netherlands), Dunne (Ireland), Garrido (Spain), Given (Ireland), Ireland (Ireland), Johnson (Manchester, UK), Kompany (Belgium), Onuoha (Nigeria), Petrov (Bulgaria), Richards (Birmingham, UK), Robinho (Brazil), Santa Cruz (Paraguay), Taylor (Romford, UK), Tevez (Argentina), Toure (Ivory Coast), Wright-Phillips (London, UK), Zabaleta (Argentina). 1989-90: Oldfield is the only non-UK-born member of the squad, while six others were born in Greater Manchester itself - Jason Beckford, Andy Hinchcliffe, Lake, Gary Megson, Ashley Ward and White. The 89/90 squad also included four players born in Northern Ireland: Gary Fleming, Michael Hughes, Neil Lennon and Gerry Taggart. In full: Allen (Stepney, UK), Beckford (Manchester, UK), Bishop (Liverpool, UK), Brightwell (Lutterworth, UK), Cooper (Brierley Hill, UK), Dibble (Cwmbran, UK), Fleming (Londonderry, UK), Gayle (Kingston, UK), Hinchcliffe (Manchester, UK), Hughes (Larne, UK), Lake (Denton, UK), Lennon (Lurgan, UK), McNab (Greenock, UK), Megson (Manchester, UK), Morley (Nottingham, UK), Oldfield (Australia), Redmond (Liverpool, UK), Seagraves (Bootle, UK), Taggart (Belfast, UK), Ward (Manchester, UK), White (Manchester, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 11 players born in UK, 17 born abroad A colourful Mark Bosnich in action for Australia Like near rivals City, Manchester United had just one foreign-born player at the start of the season 20 years ago. That was Mark Bosnich, born in New South Wales, who made his debut for United at the end of the season at the age of 18. This season, Sir Alex Ferguson's highest-profile signing has been an Englishman in striker Michael Owen. However, the club have also added the signatures of Ecuadorian Antonio Valencia and Frenchman Gabriel Obertan. Points on the map 2009-10: The Red Devils have players spread across five continents, with Park Ji-Sung representing Asia (born in Seoul, South Korea) and Owen Hargreaves representing North America (born in Calgary, Canada). United's squad includes a group of Eastern European players: Dimitar Berbatov (Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria), Nemanja Vidic and Zoran Tosic (Serbia), and Tomasz Kuszczak (Krosno Odrzanskie, Poland). In full: Anderson (Brazil), Berbatov (Bulgaria), Brown (Manchester, UK), Carrick (Wallsend, UK), F Da Silva (Brazil), R Da Silva (Brazil), Evans (Belfast, UK), Evra (Senegal), Ferdinand (Peckham, UK), Fletcher (Edinburgh, UK), Foster (Leamington Spa, UK), Gibson (Londonderry, UK), Giggs (Cardiff, UK), Hargreaves (Canada), Kuszczak (Poland), Macheda (Italy), Nani (Portugal), Neville (Bury, UK), O'Shea (Ireland), Obertan (France), Owen (Chester, UK), Park (South Korea), Rooney (Liverpool, UK), Scholes (Salford, UK), Tosic (Serbia), Valencia (Ecuador), Van Der Sar (Netherlands), Vidic (Serbia). 1989-90: Bosnich, who signed from Sydney United (then Sydney Croatia), was born in the Sydney suburb of Fairfield. United's 89/90 squad included Scots Jim Leighton and Brian McClair, Welshman Mark Hughes and Belfast-born Mal Donaghy, alongside six first-team players born in the North West (this season, United have five). In full: Anderson (Nottingham, UK), Beardsmore (Wigan, UK), Blackmore (Neath, UK), Bosnich (Australia), Bruce (Corbridge, UK), Donaghy (Belfast, UK), Duxbury (Blackburn, UK), Gibson (Bridport, UK), Hughes (Wrexham, UK), Leighton (Johnstone, UK), Maiorana (Cambridge, UK), Martin (Hyde, UK), McClair (Airdrie, UK), Pallister (Ramsgate, UK), Phelan (Nelson, UK), Robins (Ashton-under-Lyne, UK), Robson (Witton Gilbert, UK), Sharpe (Halesowen, UK), Wallace (Greenwich, UK), Walsh (Wigan, UK), Webb (Reading, UK). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: Nine players born in UK, 15 born abroad Frederic Piquionne, the Premier League's lone New Caledonian Portsmouth have spent an uncertain summer selling players to raise funds and relying on free transfers for new blood. Finnish veteran Antti Niemi is one such recruit, as are Steve Finnan (born in Limerick, Ireland), Aaron Mokoena (Johannesburg, South Africa) and Frederic Piquionne (from New Caledonia, a France-governed island chain in the Pacific near Australia). English stars Peter Crouch, Glen Johnson and Sean Davis have departed, but nine UK-born first-team players remain. Twenty years ago, Portsmouth boss John Gregory's entire first-team squad had been born in the UK, with just two players hailing from outside England. Points on the map 2009-10: Piquionne is unusual in coming from the islands of New Caledonia, to the north-east of Australia, while fellow new boy Mokoena is represented by a dot in South Africa. Portsmouth are the only team in the Premier League with no players from either North or South America. In full: Ashdown (Reading, UK), Basinas (Greece), Begovic (Bosnia), Bouba Diop (Senegal), Campbell (Plaistow, UK), Cranie (Yeovil, UK), Distin (France), Finnan (Ireland), Hreidarsson (Iceland), Hughes (Glasgow, UK), James (Welwyn, UK), Kaboul (France), Kanu (Nigeria), Kranjcar (Croatia), Mokoena (South Africa), Mullins (Reading, UK), Mvuemba (France), Niemi (Finland), Nugent (Liverpool, UK), Piquionne (New Caledonia), Primus (Forest Gate, UK), Utaka (Nigeria), Wilson (Belfast, UK). 1989-90: The only two 89/90 players born outside England were both Scottish: Kenny Black from Glasgow, and Graeme Hogg from Aberdeen. Pompey had a number of players who hailed from the corridor between London and the coast, particularly the unlikely sporting hub of Basingstoke, home to Mark Kelly, Lee Sandford and Kit Symons. In full (all UK): Aspinall (Wigan), Awford (Worcester), Ball (Hastings), Black (Glasgow), Chamberlain (Stoke), Connor (Leeds), Fillery (Mitcham), Gosney (Southampton), Hogg (Aberdeen), Kelly (Basingstoke), Knight (Balham), Kuhl (Frimley), Maguire (Hammersmith), Murray (Newcastle), Neill (Acton), Powell (Lambeth), Ross (Southampton), Sandford (Basingstoke), Symons (Basingstoke), Whittingham (Evesham), Wigley (Ashton-under-Lyne). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 16 players born in UK, eight born abroad Stoke new boy and Abingdon-born Dean Whitehead Stoke, who had just one foreign-born player 20 years ago in the unlikely form of George Berry, have maintained a largely UK-born squad for the new season. The vast majority of this season's foreign-born talent is concentrated in West Africa, with no fewer than four players hailing from Senegal. Back in 1989 the lone "foreigner" was Berry, a Stoke stalwart in his final season at the club. But while Berry may have been born near Rostrup, in Germany, he was a Welshman whose career began at Wolves before joining Stoke in 1982. Points on the map 2009-10: Dean Whitehead is Tony Pulis' big summer signing, an Englishman born in Abingdon, although Stoke also possess the rare beast that is a Cornish-born Premier League player in Matthew Etherington, who was born in Truro. Stoke's four Senegalese stars are Ibrahima Sonko (born in Bignona), Abdoulaye Faye (Dakar), Amdy Faye (also Dakar) and Salif Diao (Kedougou). Mamady Sidibe is from Mali and Ricardo Fuller is from Jamaica. In full: Beattie (Lancaster, UK), Cort (Southwark, UK), Cresswell (Bridlington, UK), Delap (Sutton Coldfield, UK), Diao (Senegal), Etherington (Truro, UK), Abdoulaye Faye (Senegal), Amdy Faye (Senegal), Fuller (Jamaica), Griffin (Wigan, UK), Higginbotham (Manchester, UK), Kitson (Hitchin, UK), Lawrence (Retford, UK), Pugh (Manchester, UK), Shawcross (Chester, UK), Sidibe (Mali), Simonsen (South Shields, UK), Soares (Reading, UK), Sonko (Senegal), Sorensen (Denmark), Tonge (Manchester, UK), Whelan (Ireland), Whitehead (Abingdon, UK), Wilkinson (Stone, UK). 1989-90: A large number of Stoke's 89/90 squad came from within a 50-mile radius of the Potteries. Cliff Carr and Nicky Morgan had probably travelled farthest as the only two Londoners, from Hackney and East Ham respectively. In full: Bamber (Prescot, UK), Barrett (Ilkeston, UK), Beagrie (Middlesbrough, UK), Beeston (Stoke, UK), Berry (Germany), Biggins (Sheffield, UK), Butler (Liverpool, UK), Carr (Hackney, UK), Cranson (Easington, UK), Fowler (Eastwood, UK), Fox (Scunthorpe, UK), Hackett (Stourbridge, UK), Henry (Houghton-le-Spring, UK), Higgins (Buxton, UK), Holmes (Stoke, UK), Kamara (Middlesbrough, UK), Morgan (East Ham, UK), Noble (Hull, UK), Palin (Worcester, UK), Scott (Radcliffe, UK), Statham (Wolverhampton, UK), Ware (Congleton, UK). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 14 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Sunderland's Finnish star Teemu Tainio Sunderland have invested in a mix of UK-born and foreign talent over the summer. New signing Lorik Cana is one of two players with Kosovan connections to grace the Premier League. The late 1980s were an eventful time to be a Sunderland fan, as the team bounced up from the third to the first tier of English football. Their only foreign-born player at the start of the 89/90 season was Germany's Thomas Hauser, a centre forward not remembered with any great fondness at the Stadium of Light. Points on the map 2009-10: Finland's Teemu Tainio is the dot in the far north, with Cana and Hungarian goalkeeper Marton Fulop in Eastern Europe. Carlos Edwards and Kenwyne Jones both hail from Trinidad, while Sunderland have three players from the North East: Michael Kay, Grant Leadbitter and Martyn Waghorn. In full: Bardsley (Salford, UK), Bent (Cambridge, UK), Campbell (Huddersfield, UK), Cana (Kosovo), Cattermole (Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Collins (Chester, UK), Da Silva (Paraguay), Edwards (Trinidad & Tobago), Ferdinand (Peckham, UK), Fulop (Hungary), Gordon (Edinburgh, UK), Healy (Downpatrick, UK), Jones (Trinidad & Tobago), Kay (Shotley Bridge, UK), Leadbitter (Chester-le-Street, UK), Malbranque (Belgium), McCartney (Belfast, UK), McShane (Ireland), Murphy (Ireland), Mvoto (France), Nosworthy (Brixton, UK), Reid (Ireland), Richardson (Greenwich, UK), Stokes (Ireland), Tainio (Finland), Waghorn (South Shields, UK). 1989-90: About half the Sunderland squad 20 years ago had been born in the North East. Two - Kieron Brady and John MacPhail - were from Scotland, while Colin Pascoe was born in Bridgend, Wales. Hauser was born in Berlin. In full: Agboola (Camden, UK), Armstrong (Newcastle, UK), Atkinson (Darlington, UK), Bennett (Manchester, UK), Bracewell (Heswall, UK), Brady (Glasgow, UK), Carter (Bristol, UK), Cornforth (Whitley Bay, UK), Cullen (Gateshead, UK), Gabbiadini (Nottingham, UK), Gates (Ferryhill, UK), Hardyman (Portsmouth, UK), Hauser (Germany), Hawke (Durham, UK), Heathcote (Durham, UK), Kay (Great Lumley, UK), MacPhail (Dundee, UK), Norman (Deeside, UK), Ord (Murton, UK), Owers (Newcastle, UK), Pascoe (Bridgend, UK), Williams (Liverpool, UK). 1989-90: 22 players born in UK, four born abroad 2009-10: 13 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Ceuta-born Nayim, who spent five years at Tottenham Tottenham's modern-day squad includes its fair share of foreign-born stars, but maintains a strong UK-born presence, including three Londoners. Frenchman Sebastien Bassong was manager Harry Redknapp's first foreign capture of the summer, having signed Englishmen Peter Crouch, Kyle Naughton and Kyle Walker (the latter since loaned back to Sheffield United). Twenty years earlier, Nayim, born in Ceuta, a Spanish settlement on the North African coast, was probably one of the best-known foreigners in the top flight. Spurs also had two Nordic players and a Belgian in their squad at the start of the 89/90 season, but most players came from the London area. Points on the map 2009-10: Four of Spurs' current squad come from Central and South America: Heurelho Gomes (Brazil), Pascal Chimbonda (Guadeloupe), Wilson Palacios (Honduras) and Giovani dos Santos (Mexico). There are two Croatians in the Spurs first-team squad: Luka Modric and Vedran Corluka, though Corluka was born in neighbouring Bosnia-Hercegovina. In full: Assou-Ekotto (France), Bale (Cardiff, UK), Bassong (France), Bentley (Peterborough, UK), Boateng (Germany), Chimbonda (Guadeloupe), Corluka (Bosnia & Herzegovina), Crouch (Macclesfield, UK), Cudicini (Italy), Dawson (Northallerton, UK), Defoe (Beckton, UK), Dos Santos (Mexico), Gomes (Brazil), Huddlestone (Nottingham, UK), Hutton (Glasgow, UK), Jenas (Nottingham, UK), Keane (Ireland), King (London, UK), Lennon (Leeds, UK), Modric (Croatia), Naughton (Sheffield, UK), O'Hara (Dartford, UK), Palacios (Honduras), Pavlyuchenko (Russia), Woodgate (Middlesbrough, UK). 1989-90: Norwegian goalkeeper Erik Thorstvedt was born in Stavanger, while Gudni Bergsson was born in the Icelandic capital, Reykjavik. Defender Pat Van Den Hauwe, who had just joined Spurs from Everton in time for the start of the 89/90 season, came from Belgium. In full: Allen (Aveley, UK), Bergsson (Iceland), Butters (Hillingdon, UK), Dearden (Luton, UK), Fenwick (Seaham, UK), Gascoigne (Gateshead, UK), Gray (Belfast, UK), Howells (Guildford, UK), Hughton (Stratford, UK), Lineker (Leicester, UK), Mabbutt (Bristol, UK), Mimms (York, UK), Moncur (Stepney, UK), Moran (Enfield, UK), Nayim (Spain), A Polston (Walthamstow, UK), J Polston (Walthamstow, UK), Robson (Newham, UK), Samways (Bethnal Green, UK), Sedgley (Enfield, UK), Stevens (Hillingdon, UK), Stewart (Manchester, UK), Thomas (Luton, UK), Thorstvedt (Norway), Van Den Hauwe (Belgium), Walsh (Plumstead, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, two born abroad 2009-10: 12 players born in UK, nine born abroad Chilean Luis Jimenez, one of Gianfranco Zola's summer buys English youngsters form a key part of the West Ham team boss Gianfranco Zola has put together. However, that hasn't stopped the former Chelsea ace strengthening with foreign imports this summer, including Chilean Luis Jimenez and Swiss defender Fabio Daprela. Twenty years ago, Steve Potts was one of the league's more exotic players, the Englishman having been born in Hartford, Connecticut, in the US. However, most of his team-mates had been born within 30 miles of London, with several Scottish imports. Points on the map 2009-10: On the left of the map, Jonathan Spector (born in the US) appears to the north, while Jimenez is shown on the Chilean coast. West Ham's Africans are Herita Ilunga (born in Kinshasa, DR Congo) and Savio Nsereko (born in Kampala, Uganda). Valon Behrami comes from what is now Kosovo. In full: Ashton (Swindon, UK), Behrami (Serbia), Boa Morte (Portugal), Cole (Croydon, UK), Collins (Newport, UK), Collison (Watford, UK), Daprela (Switzerland), Dyer (Ipswich, UK), Faubert (France), Gabbidon (Cwmbran, UK), Green (Chertsey, UK), Ilunga (DR Congo), Jimenez (Chile), Noble (West Ham, UK), Nsereko (Uganda), Parker (Lambeth, UK), Spector (US), Stanislas (Kidbrooke, UK), Stech (Czech Rep), Tomkins (Basildon, UK), Upson (Hartismere, UK). 1989-90: Frank McAvennie (Glasgow), Tommy McQueen (Bellshill) and Ray Stewart (Stanley) formed the Hammers' Scottish contingent. After that trio, Potts and Irishman Liam Brady, Merseyside pair Alvin Martin and Mark Ward were farthest from the Boleyn Ground. In full: Allen (Reading, UK), Brady (Ireland), Devonshire (Park Royal, UK), Dicks (Bristol, UK), Dolan (Dagenham, UK), Foster (Chislehurst, UK), Gale (Westminster, UK), Ince (Ilford, UK), Keen (Amersham, UK), Kelly (Birmingham, UK), Martin (Bootle, UK), McAveniie (Glasgow, UK), McQueen (Bellshill, UK), Parkes (Sedgley, UK), Parris (Barking, UK), Potts (US), Robson (Billericay, UK), Rosenior (Clapton, UK), Slater (Sudbury, UK), Stewart (Stanley, UK), Strodder (Cleckheaton, UK), Ward (Huyton, UK). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: Nine players born in UK, 14 born abroad Spaniard Jordi Gomez, recruited from Espanyol this summer Heading into his top-flight debut as Wigan boss, Roberto Martinez has brought in a mixture of UK-born and foreign talent ahead of the new season. Jordi Gomez, signed from Espanyol, was born in Barcelona, while Hendry Thomas was born in Honduras and the inaccurately-named Jason Scotland comes from Trinidad. James McCarthy and Scott Sinclair are the UK-born additions to the squad, which, 20 years ago, featured no player born outside the UK. Wigan, in the third tier of English football at the time, drew the vast majority of their players from the North West of England. Points on the map 2009-10: Farthest-flung is South Korean international Cho Won-Hee, who made his debut towards the end of last season. Olivier Kapo and Richard Kingson come from the neighbouring African countries of Ivory Coast and Ghana respectively. Thomas is joined in Honduras by Maynor Figueroa. In full: Boyce (Aylesbury, UK), Bramble (Ipswich, UK), Brown (Hartlepool, UK), Cho (South Korea), Cywka (Poland), De Ridder (Netherlands), Edman (Sweden), Figueroa (Honduras), Gomez (Spain), Kapo (Ivory Coast), Kingson (Ghana), Kirkland (Leicester, UK), Koumas (Wrexham, UK), McCarthy (Glasgow, UK), Melchiot (Netherlands), N'Zogbia (France), Pollitt (Farnworth, UK), Rodallega (Colombia), Scharner (Austria), Scotland (Trinidad & Tobago), Sinclair (Bath, UK), Thomas (Honduras), Watson (London, UK). 1989-90: Just three of the Wigan first-team squad ahead of the 89/90 season hailed from outside the local area. Phil Hughes and Darren Patterson were born in Belfast, while Allen Tankard came from Fleet, in Hampshire. In full (all UK): Adkins (Birkenhead), Atherton (Orrell), Beesley (Liverpool), Crompton (Orrell), Fallon (Widnes), Griffiths (St Helens), Hilditch (Royton), Hughes (Belfast), Johnson (Wigan), Page (Manchester), Parkinson (Eccles), Patterson (Belfast), Rimmer (Liverpool), Senior (Sheffield), Tankard (Fleet), Thompson (Manchester), Ward (Warrington), Whitworth (Wigan), Woods (Birkenhead). 1989-90: 18 players born in UK, two born abroad 2009-10: 20 players born in UK, eight born abroad Steve Bull - Wolves legend born in nearby Tipton Wolves return to the top flight with a squad comprised mainly of UK-born players. That said, Mick McCarthy has strengthened his foreign legion with the purchases of American goalkeeper Marcus Hahnemann, Serbian Nenad Milijas and Guadeloupe-born Ronald Zubar. Twenty years ago, Wolves had just been promoted back to the Second Division as champions, following one of the worst periods in the team's history. Two of that side were foreign-born - South African striker and new signing John Paskin, and Floyd Streete, born in Jamaica. Points on the map 2009-10: Hahnemann was born in Seattle in the US. The point above South America is Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, birthplace of Zubar. Andrew Surman is from South Africa, while George Elokobi was born in Mogadishu, Somalia. In full: Berra (Edinburgh, UK), Collins (Troon, UK), Craddock (Redditch, UK), Doyle (Ireland), Ebanks-Blake (Cambridge, UK), Edwards (Shrewsbury, UK), Elokobi (Somalia), Foley (Luton, UK), Friend (Barnstaple, UK), Hahnemann (US), Halford (Chelmsford, UK), Hemmings (Wolverhampton, UK), Hennessey (Bangor, UK), Henry (Wolverhampton, UK), Hill (Bristol, UK), Ikeme (Sutton Coldfield, UK), Iwelumo (Coatbridge, UK), Jarvis (Middlesbrough, UK), Jones (Southport, UK), Keogh (Ireland), Kightly (Basildon, UK), Milijas (Serbia), Shackell (Stevenage, UK), Stearman (Wolverhampton, UK), Surman (South Africa), Vokes (Lymington, UK), Ward (Ireland), Zubar (Guadeloupe). 1989-90: Paskin was born in Cape Town, South Africa, and Streete was born in the Jamaican capital, Kingston. The Wolves squad also included two Scots, Tom Bennett and Ally Robertson, as well as Welshmen Mark Kendall and Nigel Vaughan. In full: Bellamy (Worksop, UK), Bennett (Falkirk, UK), Bull (Tipton, UK), Chard (Corby, UK), Clarke (Walsall, UK), Dennison (Banbridge, UK), Downing (Oldbury, UK), Gooding (Newcastle, UK), Kendall (Blackwood, UK), Lange (West Ham, UK), McLoughlin (UK), Mutch (Liverpool), Paskin (South Africa), Robertson (Linlithgow, UK), Steele (Coventry, UK), Streete (Jamaica), Thompson (Cannock, UK), Vaughan (Caerleon, UK), Venus (Hartlepool, UK), Westley, (Canterbury, UK). Map by Ollie Williams, Tom Pearson and Lenny Hanniford Bookmark with:	Lorik Cana
Located directly across the river Rhine from Wiesbaden is which city, the capital of the state of Rhineland- Palatinate?	BBC SPORT \| Football \| Premier League \| Where the Premier League's players come from Where the Premier League's players come from Data shown is place of birth, not nationality. (Data last updated 13 August 2009) By Ollie Williams In the past two decades, the composition of England's top-flight teams has changed dramatically. At the start of the 1989-90 season, leading clubs like Arsenal and Manchester United boasted just one or two regular first-team players who were born outside the United Kingdom. Now, Premier League teams have, on average, 13 foreign-born stars within their ranks. 'THE GLOBAL GAME' Watch the BBC News Channel/BBC World on Friday for interviews and analysis on the global growth and appeal of the Premier League, with coverage also on radio and online Use the interactive world map above to explore the birthplaces of players in all the current Premier League squads, and compare them with the same teams' players from the start of the 1989-90 season - then find out more about each team below. Twenty years ago, defending champions Arsenal had just two players born outside the UK on their books: Icelandic midfielder Sigurdur Jonsson and Irish forward Niall Quinn. Jonsson made barely a handful of appearances before leaving Highbury in 1992, while Quinn was soon to sign for Manchester City. Liverpool, eventual title-winners that season, had an unusually large number of foreign-born players in their 1989-90 squad. Bruce Grobbelaar - one of few foreign stars in 1989 Kenny Dalglish's side featured five players born outside the UK: John Barnes (Jamaica), Bruce Grobbelaar (South Africa), Glenn Hysen (Sweden), Jan Molby (Denmark) and Steve Staunton (Republic of Ireland). But they were the exception. Teams were far more likely to boast just one or two players born outside the UK and, in many cases (such as Manchester City's David Oldfield and Chelsea's Tony Dorigo), those players were British nationals who happened to have been born abroad. Two decades ago, the teams making up this year's Premier League could only boast 12 players born outside the Commonwealth between them. Twenty years later, more than half of the Premier League's clubs could field an entire starting line-up of foreign-born players. Liverpool now have just three UK-born first-team stars in Jamie Carragher, Steven Gerrard and Glen Johnson, with other British talents like Jay Spearing making only occasional European appearances to date. Anfield is home to 20 foreign-born players with a strong first-team claim, while Arsenal can boast 23, as opposed to four Brits, all aged under 21. Teams recently promoted to the top flight have the fewest foreign-born players in their first-team squads - Burnley have seven, Wolves have eight, as do Stoke, who gained promotion a year earlier, while Birmingham have nine. West Ham are also at the lower end of the spectrum, with nine foreign-born players, but at the time of writing this still comprised almost half of the 21 first-team players at Gianfranco Zola's disposal. You can find out more about your team below. Remember that the data focuses on place of birth, not nationality. Read more, comment and download the data on Ollie Williams' blog Jump to a team 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, two born abroad 2009-10: Four players born in UK, 23 born abroad Jack Wilshere is one of Arsenal's UK-born youngsters Jonsson and Quinn, mentioned above, were as exotic as it got for the Gunners 20 years ago. Arsenal could almost have put out a starting line-up featuring only players born in the London area. By contrast, in February 2005, manager Arsene Wenger became the first in English football to field a matchday squad lacking any English players. The current squad's UK-born talents - Theo Walcott, Aaron Ramsey, Kieran Gibbs and Jack Wilshere - are all under 21 years old. Points on the map 2009-10: Carlos Vela, who waited more than three years for his first Arsenal goal (and two of those waiting for a work permit), is Mexican. Brazilians Denilson and Eduardo hail from Sao Paulo and Rio respectively. There are three imports from West Africa - Emmanuel Eboue, Johan Djourou and Alex Song, while Andrey Arshavin was born in St Petersburg, Russia. In full: Almunia (Spain), Arshavin (Russia), Bendtner (Denmark), Clichy (France), Denilson (Brazil), Diaby (France), Djourou (Ivory Coast), Eboue (Ivory Coast), Eduardo (Brazil), Fabianski (Poland), Fabregas (Spain), Gallas (France), Gibbs (Lambeth, UK), Mannone (Italy), Nasri (France), Ramsey (Caerphilly, UK), Rosicky (Czech Rep), Sagna (France), Senderos (Switzerland), Silvestre (France), Song (Cameroon), Traore (France), Van Persie (Netherlands), Vela (Mexico), Vermaelen (Belgium), Walcott (Stanmore, UK), Wilshere (Stevenage, UK). 1989-90: The only two born outside the UK are Jonsson (Akranes, Iceland) and Quinn (Perrystown, Ireland). Within the UK the vast majority are concentrated around London, but the trio visible in the North East are Neil Heaney, Brian Marwood and Kevin Richardson. In full: Adams (Romford, UK), Bould (Stoke, UK), Caesar (Tottenham, UK), Campbell (Lambeth, UK), Cole (Nottingham, UK), Davis (Dulwich, UK), Dixon (Manchester, UK), Groves (Bow, UK), Hayes (Walthamstow, UK), Heaney (Middlesbrough, UK), Jonsson (Iceland), Lukic (Chesterfield, UK), Marwood (Seaham, UK), Merson (Harlesden, UK), O'Leary (Stoke Newington, UK), Quinn (Ireland), Richardson (Newcastle, UK), Rocastle (Lewisham, UK), Smith (Bromsgrove, UK), Thomas (Lambeth, UK), Winterburn (Arley, UK). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, three born abroad 2009-10: 18 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Aston Villa's Nigel Callaghan was born in Singapore in 1962 Dwight Yorke made his Villa debut towards the end of the 89/90 season, as one of three foreign-born players in Graham Taylor's side. Another new arrival, Denmark's Kent Nielsen, and Singapore-born Nigel Callaghan were the other two. This season, Martin O'Neill has plenty of players with first-team credentials at his disposal, but 18 of the 30 we have listed remain UK-born, including five from the West Midlands. The 2009-10 Villa squad is unusual in naming three US-born players: goalkeeper Brad Friedel, Friedel's back-up Brad Guzan, and youngster Eric Lichaj. Points on the map 2009-10: Guzan and Lichaj both hail from the US state of Illinois so show up almost on top of each other on the map, with Friedel, born in Ohio, slightly to the east. Togolese midfielder Moustapha Salifou and Australian duo Chris Herd and Shane Lowry, both from Perth, are named as first-team squad members on the Villa website, despite only a handful of appearances between them. In full: Agbonlahor (Birmingham, UK), Albrighton (Tamworth, UK), Baker (Birmingham, UK), Bannan (Airdrie, UK), Beye (France), Bouma (Netherlands), Carew (Norway), Cuellar (Spain), Clark (Harrow, UK), Davies (London, UK), Delfouneso (Birmingham, UK), Delph (Bradford, UK), Downing (Middlesbrough, UK), Friedel (US), Gardner (Solihull, UK), Guzan (US), Harewood (Hampstead, UK), Herd (Australia), Heskey (Leicester, UK), Lichaj (US), Lowry (Australia), Milner (Leeds, UK), O'Halloran (Ireland), Petrov (Bulgaria), Reo-Coker (Southwark, UK), Salifou (Togo), Shorey (Romford, UK), Sidwell (Wandsworth, UK), A Young (Stevenage, UK), L Young (Harlow, UK). 1989-90: Yorke is represented by a point above the town of Canaan in Tobago, just above the South American coast. Nielsen was born in Frederiksberg, Denmark, and Englishman Callaghan's birthplace was Singapore. Closer to home, Gareth Williams was born in Cowes, on the Isle of Wight. The 89/90 squad had fewer West Midlands-born players than the current team. In full: Birch (West Bromwich, UK), Blake (Nottingham, UK), Butler (Sheffield, UK), Callaghan (Singapore), Comyn (Wakefield, UK), Cowans (West Cornforth, UK), Daley (Birmingham, UK), Gage (Chiswick, UK), Gray (Withernsea, UK), Heath (Stoke, UK), McGrath (Ealing, UK), Mountfield (Liverpool, UK), Nielsen (Denmark), Olney (Luton, UK), Ormondroyd (Bradford, UK), Platt (Chadderton, UK), Price (Hereford, UK), Spink (Chelmsford, UK), Williams (Cowes, UK), Yorke (Trinidad & Tobago). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: 18 players born in UK, nine born abroad Lee Bowyer, part of an influx of British-born Birmingham players Birmingham's entire squad for the 89/90 season hailed from the UK. Most were born in the Midlands or the North West. Dougie Bell, who signed from Shrewsbury early in the campaign, was the Birmingham player farthest from his home town, having been born in Paisley. This season, boss Alex McLeish has strengthened his squad with a number of English signings over the summer, including a permanent deal for Lee Bowyer, Scott Dann from Coventry City, Roger Johnson from Cardiff City, and goalkeeper Joe Hart on loan from Manchester City. Fellow new boys Giovanny Espinoza, born on the border between Ecuador and Colombia, and Ecuadorian compatriot Christian Benitez are by some distance Birmingham's farthest-flung imports. Points on the map 2009-10: Espinoza and Benitez were born either side of the equator in South America - the former just above, the latter just below. Others easy to spot include Sweden's Seb Larsson, Pole Artur Krysiak, Germany-born Maik Taylor and Frenchman Franck Queudrue. In full: Benitez (Ecuador), Bent (Hammersmith, UK), Bowyer (Canning Town, UK), Carr (Ireland), Carsley (Birmingham, UK), Dann (Liverpool, UK), Doyle (Ireland), Espinoza (Colombia), Fahey (Ireland), Hart (Shrewsbury), Jerome (Huddersfield, UK), D Johnson (Lisburn, UK), R Johnson (Ashford, UK), Krysiak (Poland), Larsson (Sweden), McFadden (Glasgow, UK), McPike (Birmingham, UK), McSheffrey (Coventry, UK), Murphy (Hartlepool, UK), Mutch (Alvaston, UK), O'Connor (Edinburgh, UK), Parnaby (Durham, UK), Phillips (Hitchin, UK), Queudrue (France), Ridgewell (London, UK), Maik Taylor (Germany), Martin Taylor (Ashington, UK). 1989-90: Third Division outfit Birmingham had a healthy crop of locally-born players. Apart from Paisley's Bell, Welsh goalkeeper Martin Thomas and Durham-born midfielder Nigel Gleghorn, recently signed from top-flight Manchester City, were the players born farthest from St Andrew's. In full (all UK): Ashley (Birmingham), Atkins (Birmingham), Bailey (Lambeth), Bell (Paisley), Clarkson (Solihull), Deakin (Stocksbridge), Frain (Birmingham), Gleghorn (Seaham), Gordon (Stourbridge), Hopkins (Birmingham), Langley (St Helens), Matthewson (Sheffield), Overson (Kettering), Peer (Stourbridge), Roberts (Manchester), Sproson (Stoke), Tait (Sutton Coldfield), Thomas (Senghenydd), Yates (Birmingham). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: Seven players born in UK, 18 born abroad Frank Stapleton, born in Ireland, played for Blackburn in 1989 At the start of the 89/90 season, Blackburn's lone player born outside the UK was Frank Stapleton. The Irishman, then 33, had arrived at Blackburn after a short spell at French side Le Havre. Blackburn crashed out of the Second Division play-offs for the second year in a row at the end of the season. Twenty years later, Sam Allardyce's Rovers squad spans several continents, with players originating from Canada to Croatia to the Caucasus. Points on the map 2009-10: Blackburn are the only Premier League outfit with three first-team players from Australasia: Brett Emerton is from Sydney, Vince Grella was born in Melbourne and Ryan Nelsen comes from Christchurch, NZ. Rovers also have two South Africans with new signing Elrio Van Heerden, from Port Elizabeth, joining Cape Town-born Benni McCarthy, while Franco Di Santo, from Argentina, is on loan from Chelsea. In full: Andrews (Ireland), Brown (Southwark, UK), Di Santo (Argentina), Diouf (Senegal), Dunn (Blackburn, UK), Emerton (Australia), Gallagher (Glasgow, UK), Givet (France), Grella (Australia), Hoilett (Canada), Jacobsen (Denmark), Kalinic (Croatia), Khizanishvili (Georgia), McCarthy (South Africa), N'Zonzi (France), Nelsen (New Zealand), Olsson (Sweden), Pedersen (Norway), Reid (Kingston, UK), Roberts (Park Royal, UK), Robinson (Beverley, UK), Samba (France), Treacy (Ireland), Van Heerden (South Africa), Warnock (Ormskirk, UK). 1989-90: Stapleton's home town of Dublin appears on the map, with Colin Hendry the northern-most squad member having been born in the small town of Keith, in Scotland. Rovers had five more Scotland-born players in the first team that season: Ally Dawson, Ronnie Hildersley, Andy Kennedy, Alan Irvine and John Millar. In full: Atkins (Doncaster, UK), Dawson (Johnstone, UK), Finnigan (Wimbledon, UK), Garner (Boston, UK), Hendry (Keith, UK), Gennoe (Shrewsbury, UK), Gayle (Toxteth, UK), Hildersley (Kirkcaldy, UK), Kennedy (Stirling, UK), Hill (Bolton, UK), Johnrose (Preston, UK), Irvine (Glasgow, UK), May (Oldham, UK), Millar (Bellshill, UK), Oliver (Berwick, UK), Reid (Urmston, UK), Sellars (Sheffield, UK), Skinner (Manchester, UK), Stapleton (Ireland), Sulley (Camberwell, UK), Wilcox (Farnworth, UK). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 13 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Nicky Hunt, from Westhoughton, is Bolton's local link Bolton's first-team squad for the coming season is split almost 50/50 between UK-born and foreign players. But long-serving defender Nicky Hunt is the club's only real local boy, having been born in nearby Westhoughton. Ten of the 89/90 squad hailed from the North West, rising to 11 with the inclusion of Ian Stevens. Though Stevens was born in Malta, he grew up in Lancashire and was on Preston's books as a youngster. Points on the map 2009-10: Ricardo Gardner and Jlloyd Samuel come from the West Indies (Gardner, from Jamaica, is shown to the left of Samuel, from Trinidad), while Nigeria and Ghana supply Dan Shittu and Mustapha Riga respectively. Fabrice Muamba, shown slightly farther south of those two, is Congolese. Bolton's Ali Al Habsi, born in Oman on the Arabian Peninsula, is one of fewer than 25 top-flight players who are their country's sole representative in the Premier League. In full: Al Habsi (Oman), Basham (Hebburn, UK), Cahill (Sheffield, UK), Cohen (Israel), K Davies (Sheffield, UK), M Davies (Wolverhampton, UK), Davis (Clapham, UK), Elmander (Sweden), Gardner (Jamaica), Hunt (Westhoughton, UK), Jaaskelainen (Finland), Knight (Solihull, UK), McCann (Blackpool, UK), Muamba (DR Congo), A O'Brien (Harrogate, UK), J O'Brien (Ireland), Obadeyi (Birmingham, UK), Ricketts (Aylesbury, UK), Riga (Ghana), Robinson (Watford, UK), Samuel (Trinidad & Tobago), Shittu (Nigeria), Steinsson (Iceland), Taylor (Oxford, UK), Vaz Te (Portugal). 1989-90: The most obvious point is Stevens, born in the Maltese capital - Valletta - before moving to the UK. Within the UK, Mark Came hailed from Exeter in the South West, David Felgate was born in the Welsh town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, and current Hull manager Phil Brown was one of two players, alongside Tony Philliskirk, to come from the North East. In full: Brookman (Manchester, UK), Brown (South Shields, UK), Comstive (Southport, UK), Came (Exeter, UK), Chandler (Hammersmith, UK), Cowdrill (Birmingham, UK), Crombie (Lincoln, UK), Darby (Farnworth, UK), Felgate (Blaenau Ffestiniog, UK), Fisher (St Helens, UK), Hughes (Denton, UK), Jeffrey (Liverpool, UK), Philliskirk (Sunderland, UK), Reeves (Birkenhead, UK), Rose (Evesham, UK), Savage (Liverpool, UK), Stevens (Malta), Storer (Rugby, UK), Thompson (Oldham, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: 16 players born in UK, seven born abroad Kosovo-born Besart Berisha represents Albania at international level Premier League new boys Burnley retain a largely British-born squad following their promotion from the Championship. But the Turf Moor club boast a small Scandinavian contingent and Peruvian Diego Penny, plus new Ecuadorian signing Fernando Guerrero. Two decades ago, Burnley were languishing in the Fourth Division with a team drawn almost entirely from England. Only Burnley stalwart Joe Jakub, born in Falkirk, and Welsh goalkeeper Chris Pearce came from elsewhere. Points on the map 2009-10: Goalkeeper Penny, born in Lima, is Burnley's farthest-flung first-team player, although he has been unable to dislodge another foreigner - Copenhagen-born Dane Brian Jensen - from the number one spot. David Edgar, who joined from Newcastle United in July, was born in the Canadian city of Kitchener, while new boy Guerrero comes from Ecuador's capital, Quito. In full: Alexander (Coventry, UK), Blake (Middlesbrough, UK), Caldwell (Stirling, UK), Carlisle (Preston, UK), Duff (Belfast, UK), Eagles (Hemel Hempstead, UK), Easton (Glasgow, UK), Eckersley (Salford, UK), Edgar (Canada), Elliott (Southampton, UK), Fletcher (Shrewsbury, UK), Gudjonsson (Iceland), Guerrero (Ecuador), Jensen (Denmark), Jordan (Warrington, UK), Kalvenes (Norway), McCann (Ireland), McDonald (Carnoustie, UK), Mears (Stockport, UK), Paterson (Tunstall, UK), Penny (Peru), Rodriguez (Burnley, UK), Thompson (Paisley, UK). 1989-90: Jakub and Pearce aside, the majority of Burnley's players 20 years ago came from the North West. Five of the squad were born in the Midlands, with just two - Andy Farrell (Colchester) and Brendan O'Connell (London) - coming from the South. In full (all UK): Atkinson (Otley), Davis (Birmingham), Deakin (Liverpool), Deary (Ormskirk), Eli (Bradford), Farrell (Colchester), Futcher (Chester), Gardner (Middlesbrough), Grewcock (Leicester), Hardy (Manchester), Jakub (Falkirk), McGrory (Coventry), McKay (Banbury), Measham (Barnsley), Monington (Bilsthorpe), O'Connell (Lambeth), Pearce (Newport), Smith (Leeds), White (Leicester), Williams (Liverpool). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, four born abroad 2009-10: Six players born in UK, 17 born abroad Norwegian Erland Johnsen spent much of his career with Chelsea The poster boys of football's financial revolution prior to the advent of oil-rich Manchester City, Chelsea have rarely been short of foreign talent. Twenty years ago that talent largely took the form of Norwegian defender Erland Johnsen, who joined during the 89/90 season, and Dutchman Ken Monkou, born in Suriname. Today, new manager Carlo Ancelotti - himself a world away from 1989 boss Bobby Campbell - has stars from South America and the west coast of Africa at his disposal. In the absence of Argentine striker Franco Di Santo (on loan at Blackburn), Juliano Belletti, born in the western Brazilian city of Cascavel, has the birthplace farthest from Stamford Bridge. Points on the map 2009-10: Belletti is shown just to the left of Deco and Alex in Brazil, while Florent Malouda, born in French Guiana, is above them on the coast - not so far from Ken Monkou's birthplace in Suriname. The five dots in West Africa represent Didier Drogba and Salomon Kalou (both Ivory Coast), Jose Bosingwa (DR Congo), Mikel (Nigeria) and Michael Essien (Ghana). New boy Yuri Zhirkov comes from the Russian city of Tambov. In full: Alex (Brazil), Anelka (France), Ballack (Germany), Belletti (Brazil), Bosingwa (DR Congo), Carvalho (Portugal), Cech (Czech Rep), A Cole (Stepney, UK), J Cole (Islington, UK), Deco (Brazil), Drogba (Ivory Coast), Essien (Ghana), Ferreira (Portugal), Hilario (Portugal), Ivanovic (Serbia), Kalou (Ivory Coast), Lampard (Romford, UK), Malouda (French Guiana), Mancienne (Isleworth, UK), Mikel (Nigeria), Sturridge (Birmingham, UK), Terry (London, UK), Zhirkov (Russia). 1989-90: Monkou and Johnsen are easily spotted in Suriname and Norway respectively, but the mystery Australian-born star is Tony Dorigo, who was born in Melbourne. A young defender set to make his top-flight debut later in the season, by the name of Graeme Le Saux, came from the British Crown dependency of Jersey - not part of the UK. In full: Beasant (Willesden, UK), Bumstead (Rotherhithe, UK), Burley (Ayr, UK), Clarke (Saltcoats, UK), Dixon (Luton, UK), Dickens (Plaistow, UK), Dorigo (Australia), Durie (Paisley, UK), Freestone (Caerleon, UK), Hall (Croydon, UK), Hazard (Sunderland, UK), Hitchcock (Canning Town, UK), Le Saux (Jersey), Johnsen (Norway), Lee (Bristol, UK), McAllister (Falkirk, UK), Mitchell (Glasgow, UK), Monkou (Suriname), Nicholas (Newport, UK), Spackman (Romsey, UK), Stuart (Tooting, UK), C Wilson (Manchester, UK), K Wilson (Banbury, UK). 1989-90: 16 players born in UK, four born abroad 2009-10: 12 players born in UK, 10 born abroad Stefan Rehn represented Sweden and Everton Two of the foreign-born players in Everton's 89/90 squad have since made their names as managers back home. Raymond Atteveld, born in Amsterdam, is now manager of Dutch side Den Haag, and Stockholm-born Stefan Rehn co-manages IFK Gothenburg, but neither player achieved great success at Goodison Park. David Moyes retains a good-sized helping of locally-born players among his 2009/10 charges, but five continents are represented in the rest of the squad. Tim Howard is from the US, on-loan striker Jo grew up in Brazil, a number of players are of African origin and Tim Cahill was born in Sydney, Australia. Points on the map 2009-10: Carlo Nash, Tony Hibbert, Leighton Baines, Phil Jagielka, Phil Neville, Leon Osman, Jack Rodwell and James Wallace were all born in the North West. Aside from the far-flung foreign legion named above, the African stars in question are Joseph Yobo, Yakubu and Victor Anichebe (all Nigerian), and Steven Pienaar (South Africa). In full: Anichebe (Nigeria), Arteta (Spain), Baines (Kirkby, UK), Baxter (Bootle, UK), Cahill (Australia), Fellaini (Belgium), Gosling (Plymouth, UK), Hibbert (Liverpool, UK), Howard (US), Jagielka (Manchester, UK), Jo (Brazil), Lescott (Birmingham, UK), Nash (Bolton, UK), Neville (Bury, UK), Osman (Billinge), Pienaar (South Africa), Rodwell (Southport, UK), Saha (France), Vaughan (Birmingham, UK), Wallace (Liverpool, UK), Yakubu (Nigeria), Yobo (Nigeria). 1989-90: Atteveld's Dutch birthplace can be seen in the corner of the UK inset map, with Rehn up in Stockholm. Australian goalkeeper Jason Kearton was born in Ipswich, Queensland. In full: Atteveld (Netherlands), Cottee (West Ham, UK), Ebbrell (Bromborough, UK), Kearton (Australia), Keown (Oxford, UK), McCall (Leeds, UK), McDonald (Wallsend, UK), Nevin (Glasgow, UK), Newell (Liverpool, UK), Pointon (Warsop, UK), Ratcliffe (Deeside, UK), Rehn (Sweden), Sharp (Glasgow, UK), Sheedy (Builth Wells, UK), Snodin (Rotherham, UK), Southall (Llandudno, UK), Stowell (Portsmouth, UK), Watson (Liverpool, UK), Whiteside (Belfast, UK), Youds (Liverpool, UK). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: Eight players born in UK, 16 born abroad Gavin Nebbeling joined Fulham from Crystal Palace Fulham's one foreign star as a Third Division outfit in 1989 was Gavin Nebbeling. The South African, born in Johannesburg, joined from Crystal Palace that summer and scored twice in some 80 appearances for the club before leaving for Preston in 1993. The Fulham first-team squad now includes an Iranian (Andranik), a South Korean (Seol Ki-Hyeon) and a Hungarian (Zoltan Gera), among many other foreign-born players. However, Fulham retain three London-born players in their senior squad: Paul Konchesky, Bobby Zamora and Chris Smalling. Points on the map 2009-10: Fulham have two players from the US state of Texas. Defender Brede Hangeland was born in Houston, although he has earned 50 caps for the Norwegian national side, and Clint Dempsey was born in the small town of Nacogdoches. The dot in Australia is goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer, who was born in Sydney, and the African members of the squad are Dickson Etuhu (Nigeria) and John Pantsil (Ghana). In full: Andranik (Iran), Baird (Ballymena, UK), Bouazza (France), Davies (Haverfordwest, UK), Dempsey (US), Etuhu (Nigeria), Gera (Hungary), Hangeland (US), Hughes (Magherafelt, UK), Johnson (Bedford, UK), Kallio (Finland), Kamara (France), Kelly (Ireland), Konchesky (Barking, UK), Murphy (Chester, UK), Nevland (Norway), Pantsil (Ghana), Riise (Norway), Schwarzer (Australia), Seol (South Korea), Smalling (Greenwich, UK), Stoor (Sweden), Zamora (London, UK), Zuberbuhler (Switzerland). 1989-90: Nebbeling is the only Fulham player from 89/90 born outside the UK. Des Bremner was born in Aberchirder, in the north of Scotland, and Gordon Davies was born in Merthyr Tydfil, but the majority of the team 20 years ago came from the London area. In full: Barnett (Stratford, UK), Batty (Westminster, UK), Cole (Hillingdon, UK), Bremner (Aberchirder, UK), Davies (Merthyr Tydfil, UK), Donnellan (Willesden, UK), Eckhardt (Sheffield, UK), Elkins (Wallingford, UK), Langley (Lambeth, UK), Lewington (Lambeth, UK), Marshall (Balham, UK), Mauge (Islington, UK), Milton (Fulham, UK), Peters (Carshalton, UK), Nebbeling (South Africa), Sayer (Brent, UK), Scott (Notting Hill, UK), Skinner (Hounslow, UK), Stannard (Harold Hill, UK), Thomas (Hackney, UK), Walker (Oxford, UK), Watson (Edinburgh, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, three born abroad 2009-10: 14 players born in UK, 11 born abroad Harry Ngata was still playing, in Australia, in 2004 Hull's summer signings have increased the team's foreign contingent, with Nigerian Seyi Olofinjana, American Jozy Altidore and young French defender Steven Mouyokolo joining the club. Phil Brown's squad includes a number of other West African stars, plus players from South America and Australia. However, the Hull squad of 20 years ago can boast a player based farther afield - Harry Ngata. Ngata, born on New Zealand's North Island, started his career at Hull and is believed to have been the English league's first Maori player. Points on the map 2009-10: Four of the current squad were born in Africa - Olofinjana is from Nigerian capital Lagos, Daniel Cousin is from Gabon slightly to the south, George Boateng is from Ghana and Kamil Zayatte is from Guinea. Winger Richard Garcia was born in Perth, Australia, while Geovanni comes from the Brazilian city of Acaiaca. In full: Altidore (US), Ashbee (Birmingham, UK), Barmby (Hull, UK), Boateng (Ghana), Bullard (Newham, UK), Cousin (Gabon), Dawson (Northallerton, UK), Doyle (Derby, UK), Duke (Sheffield, UK), Fagan (Birmingham, UK), Folan (Leeds, UK), Garcia (Australia), Gardner (Stafford, UK), Geovanni (Brazil), Halmosi (Hungary), Hughes (Liverpool, UK), Kilbane (Preston, UK), Marney (Barking, UK), Mendy (France), Mouyokolo (France), Myhill (US), Olofinjana (Nigeria), Turner (Lewisham, UK), Warner (Liverpool, UK), Zayatte (Guinea). 1989-90: Ngata, born in Wanganui, was not the only foreign-born player in Hull's 89/90 squad, as they started their Second Division season under Colin Appleton before Stan Ternent took over. Goalkeeper Iain Hesford, who left Hull in 1991 and went on to play professionally in Hong Kong, was born in Zambia. In full: Askew (Great Lumley, UK), Brown (Hull, UK), Buckley (Hull, UK), Calvert (Consett, UK), De Mange (Ireland), Edwards (Middlesbrough, UK), Doyle (Neath, UK), Hesford (Zambia), Jacobs (Sheffield, UK), Jenkinson (Thorne, UK), Jobson (Cottingham, UK), Kelly (Beverley, UK), McParland (Edinburgh, UK), Murray (Buckie, UK), Payton (Whalley, UK), Roberts (Hull, UK), Ngata (New Zealand), Smith (Hull, UK), Swan (Leeds, UK), Terry (Clapton, UK), Thompson (Cleethorpes, UK), Warren (Manchester, UK), Whitehurst (Thurnscoe, UK). 1989-90: 18 players born in UK, five born abroad 2009-10: Four players born in UK, 20 born abroad Jan Molby, from Kolding in Denmark, in his Liverpool days Liverpool had more foreign-born first-team players in 1989 than they do UK-born regulars heading into the new season. Household names like Bruce Grobbelaar, John Barnes and Jan Molby were the foreign-born stars at Anfield 20 years ago. This season, as mentioned above, the likes of Gerrard and Carragher find themselves in squad dominated by foreign stars. Rafael Benitez presides over a squad which includes three Brazilians and two Argentines. Points on the map 2009-10: Diego Cavalieri, born in Sao Paulo, Fabio Aurelio, born in Sao Carlos, and Lucas Leiva from Dourados are the three Brazilians in the squad. Emiliano Insua (Buenos Aires) and Javier Mascherano (San Lorenzo) are from Argentina. Alberto Aquilani, brought in just after Liverpool had let Xabi Alonso go to Real Madrid, is the second Italian in the squad, joining Andrea Dossena. In full: Agger (Denmark), Aquilani (Italy), Aurelio (Brazil), Babel (Netherlands), Benayoun (Israel), Carragher (Bootle, UK), Cavalieri (Brazil), Degen (Switzerland), Dossena (Italy), El Zhar (France), Gerrard (Whiston, UK), Insua (Argentina), Johnson (London, UK), Kuyt (Netherlands), Leiva (Brazil), Mascherano (Argentina), Ngog (France), Plessis (France), Reina (Spain), Riera (Spain), Skrtel (Slovakia), Spearing (Wirral, UK), Torres (Spain), Voronin (Ukraine). 1989-90: Grobbelaar was born in Durban, South Africa, whereas Barnes is represented by a dot above Kingston, where he was born, despite his later England appearances. Jan Molby hails from Kolding, in Denmark, and was joined in the 89/90 squad by fellow Scandinavian Glenn Hysen, from Gothenburg, in Sweden. Steve Staunton is Liverpool's fifth foreign-born player, from Drogheda, in Ireland. In full: Ablett (Liverpool, UK), Aldridge (Liverpool, UK), Barnes (Jamaica), Beardsley (Newcastle, UK), Burrows (Dudley, UK), Dalglish (Dalmarnock, UK), Gillespie (Bonnybridge, UK), Grobbelaar (South Africa), Hansen (Alloa, UK), Hooper (Bristol, UK), Houghton (Glasgow, UK), Hysen (Sweden), Jones (Prescot, UK), Magilton (Belfast, UK), Marsh (Liverpool, UK), McMahon (Liverpool, UK), Molby (Denmark), Nicol (Irvine, UK), Rush (St Asaph, UK), Staunton (Ireland), Venison (Consett, UK), Tanner (Kingswood, UK), Watson (Liverpool, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: Seven players born in UK, 16 born abroad Carlos Tevez, part of Mark Hughes' Manchester City revolution Manchester City's academy has built a fine reputation over recent seasons, but home-grown youngsters could struggle to make an impact because of the massive spending power the club now possesses. That said, Mark Hughes has invested in UK-born talent this summer in the shape of Gareth Barry and Stuart Taylor, though other signings include Kolo Toure (Ivory Coast), Roque Santa Cruz (Paraguay), Emmanuel Adebayor (Togo) and Carlos Tevez (Argentina). Two decades earlier, the academy was already going strong, with the likes of Steve Redmond, David White and Paul Lake all having graduated from an all-conquering youth team. The one player whose birthplace lay outside the UK was David Oldfield, born in Perth, Australia. Points on the map 2009-10: Mark Hughes' new-look City squad relies heavily, like other Premier League sides with big ambitions, on West Africa and South America. Aside from the new signings named above, Robinho (Brazil) and Pablo Zabaleta (Argentina) make up the South American contingent, while Nedum Onuoha (born in Nigeria) and Benjani (Zimbabwe) are African-born. In full: Adebayor (Togo), Barry (Hastings, UK), Bellamy (Cardiff, UK), Ben-Haim (Israel), Benjani (Zimbabwe), Bridge (Southampton, UK), De Jong (Netherlands), Dunne (Ireland), Garrido (Spain), Given (Ireland), Ireland (Ireland), Johnson (Manchester, UK), Kompany (Belgium), Onuoha (Nigeria), Petrov (Bulgaria), Richards (Birmingham, UK), Robinho (Brazil), Santa Cruz (Paraguay), Taylor (Romford, UK), Tevez (Argentina), Toure (Ivory Coast), Wright-Phillips (London, UK), Zabaleta (Argentina). 1989-90: Oldfield is the only non-UK-born member of the squad, while six others were born in Greater Manchester itself - Jason Beckford, Andy Hinchcliffe, Lake, Gary Megson, Ashley Ward and White. The 89/90 squad also included four players born in Northern Ireland: Gary Fleming, Michael Hughes, Neil Lennon and Gerry Taggart. In full: Allen (Stepney, UK), Beckford (Manchester, UK), Bishop (Liverpool, UK), Brightwell (Lutterworth, UK), Cooper (Brierley Hill, UK), Dibble (Cwmbran, UK), Fleming (Londonderry, UK), Gayle (Kingston, UK), Hinchcliffe (Manchester, UK), Hughes (Larne, UK), Lake (Denton, UK), Lennon (Lurgan, UK), McNab (Greenock, UK), Megson (Manchester, UK), Morley (Nottingham, UK), Oldfield (Australia), Redmond (Liverpool, UK), Seagraves (Bootle, UK), Taggart (Belfast, UK), Ward (Manchester, UK), White (Manchester, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 11 players born in UK, 17 born abroad A colourful Mark Bosnich in action for Australia Like near rivals City, Manchester United had just one foreign-born player at the start of the season 20 years ago. That was Mark Bosnich, born in New South Wales, who made his debut for United at the end of the season at the age of 18. This season, Sir Alex Ferguson's highest-profile signing has been an Englishman in striker Michael Owen. However, the club have also added the signatures of Ecuadorian Antonio Valencia and Frenchman Gabriel Obertan. Points on the map 2009-10: The Red Devils have players spread across five continents, with Park Ji-Sung representing Asia (born in Seoul, South Korea) and Owen Hargreaves representing North America (born in Calgary, Canada). United's squad includes a group of Eastern European players: Dimitar Berbatov (Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria), Nemanja Vidic and Zoran Tosic (Serbia), and Tomasz Kuszczak (Krosno Odrzanskie, Poland). In full: Anderson (Brazil), Berbatov (Bulgaria), Brown (Manchester, UK), Carrick (Wallsend, UK), F Da Silva (Brazil), R Da Silva (Brazil), Evans (Belfast, UK), Evra (Senegal), Ferdinand (Peckham, UK), Fletcher (Edinburgh, UK), Foster (Leamington Spa, UK), Gibson (Londonderry, UK), Giggs (Cardiff, UK), Hargreaves (Canada), Kuszczak (Poland), Macheda (Italy), Nani (Portugal), Neville (Bury, UK), O'Shea (Ireland), Obertan (France), Owen (Chester, UK), Park (South Korea), Rooney (Liverpool, UK), Scholes (Salford, UK), Tosic (Serbia), Valencia (Ecuador), Van Der Sar (Netherlands), Vidic (Serbia). 1989-90: Bosnich, who signed from Sydney United (then Sydney Croatia), was born in the Sydney suburb of Fairfield. United's 89/90 squad included Scots Jim Leighton and Brian McClair, Welshman Mark Hughes and Belfast-born Mal Donaghy, alongside six first-team players born in the North West (this season, United have five). In full: Anderson (Nottingham, UK), Beardsmore (Wigan, UK), Blackmore (Neath, UK), Bosnich (Australia), Bruce (Corbridge, UK), Donaghy (Belfast, UK), Duxbury (Blackburn, UK), Gibson (Bridport, UK), Hughes (Wrexham, UK), Leighton (Johnstone, UK), Maiorana (Cambridge, UK), Martin (Hyde, UK), McClair (Airdrie, UK), Pallister (Ramsgate, UK), Phelan (Nelson, UK), Robins (Ashton-under-Lyne, UK), Robson (Witton Gilbert, UK), Sharpe (Halesowen, UK), Wallace (Greenwich, UK), Walsh (Wigan, UK), Webb (Reading, UK). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: Nine players born in UK, 15 born abroad Frederic Piquionne, the Premier League's lone New Caledonian Portsmouth have spent an uncertain summer selling players to raise funds and relying on free transfers for new blood. Finnish veteran Antti Niemi is one such recruit, as are Steve Finnan (born in Limerick, Ireland), Aaron Mokoena (Johannesburg, South Africa) and Frederic Piquionne (from New Caledonia, a France-governed island chain in the Pacific near Australia). English stars Peter Crouch, Glen Johnson and Sean Davis have departed, but nine UK-born first-team players remain. Twenty years ago, Portsmouth boss John Gregory's entire first-team squad had been born in the UK, with just two players hailing from outside England. Points on the map 2009-10: Piquionne is unusual in coming from the islands of New Caledonia, to the north-east of Australia, while fellow new boy Mokoena is represented by a dot in South Africa. Portsmouth are the only team in the Premier League with no players from either North or South America. In full: Ashdown (Reading, UK), Basinas (Greece), Begovic (Bosnia), Bouba Diop (Senegal), Campbell (Plaistow, UK), Cranie (Yeovil, UK), Distin (France), Finnan (Ireland), Hreidarsson (Iceland), Hughes (Glasgow, UK), James (Welwyn, UK), Kaboul (France), Kanu (Nigeria), Kranjcar (Croatia), Mokoena (South Africa), Mullins (Reading, UK), Mvuemba (France), Niemi (Finland), Nugent (Liverpool, UK), Piquionne (New Caledonia), Primus (Forest Gate, UK), Utaka (Nigeria), Wilson (Belfast, UK). 1989-90: The only two 89/90 players born outside England were both Scottish: Kenny Black from Glasgow, and Graeme Hogg from Aberdeen. Pompey had a number of players who hailed from the corridor between London and the coast, particularly the unlikely sporting hub of Basingstoke, home to Mark Kelly, Lee Sandford and Kit Symons. In full (all UK): Aspinall (Wigan), Awford (Worcester), Ball (Hastings), Black (Glasgow), Chamberlain (Stoke), Connor (Leeds), Fillery (Mitcham), Gosney (Southampton), Hogg (Aberdeen), Kelly (Basingstoke), Knight (Balham), Kuhl (Frimley), Maguire (Hammersmith), Murray (Newcastle), Neill (Acton), Powell (Lambeth), Ross (Southampton), Sandford (Basingstoke), Symons (Basingstoke), Whittingham (Evesham), Wigley (Ashton-under-Lyne). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 16 players born in UK, eight born abroad Stoke new boy and Abingdon-born Dean Whitehead Stoke, who had just one foreign-born player 20 years ago in the unlikely form of George Berry, have maintained a largely UK-born squad for the new season. The vast majority of this season's foreign-born talent is concentrated in West Africa, with no fewer than four players hailing from Senegal. Back in 1989 the lone "foreigner" was Berry, a Stoke stalwart in his final season at the club. But while Berry may have been born near Rostrup, in Germany, he was a Welshman whose career began at Wolves before joining Stoke in 1982. Points on the map 2009-10: Dean Whitehead is Tony Pulis' big summer signing, an Englishman born in Abingdon, although Stoke also possess the rare beast that is a Cornish-born Premier League player in Matthew Etherington, who was born in Truro. Stoke's four Senegalese stars are Ibrahima Sonko (born in Bignona), Abdoulaye Faye (Dakar), Amdy Faye (also Dakar) and Salif Diao (Kedougou). Mamady Sidibe is from Mali and Ricardo Fuller is from Jamaica. In full: Beattie (Lancaster, UK), Cort (Southwark, UK), Cresswell (Bridlington, UK), Delap (Sutton Coldfield, UK), Diao (Senegal), Etherington (Truro, UK), Abdoulaye Faye (Senegal), Amdy Faye (Senegal), Fuller (Jamaica), Griffin (Wigan, UK), Higginbotham (Manchester, UK), Kitson (Hitchin, UK), Lawrence (Retford, UK), Pugh (Manchester, UK), Shawcross (Chester, UK), Sidibe (Mali), Simonsen (South Shields, UK), Soares (Reading, UK), Sonko (Senegal), Sorensen (Denmark), Tonge (Manchester, UK), Whelan (Ireland), Whitehead (Abingdon, UK), Wilkinson (Stone, UK). 1989-90: A large number of Stoke's 89/90 squad came from within a 50-mile radius of the Potteries. Cliff Carr and Nicky Morgan had probably travelled farthest as the only two Londoners, from Hackney and East Ham respectively. In full: Bamber (Prescot, UK), Barrett (Ilkeston, UK), Beagrie (Middlesbrough, UK), Beeston (Stoke, UK), Berry (Germany), Biggins (Sheffield, UK), Butler (Liverpool, UK), Carr (Hackney, UK), Cranson (Easington, UK), Fowler (Eastwood, UK), Fox (Scunthorpe, UK), Hackett (Stourbridge, UK), Henry (Houghton-le-Spring, UK), Higgins (Buxton, UK), Holmes (Stoke, UK), Kamara (Middlesbrough, UK), Morgan (East Ham, UK), Noble (Hull, UK), Palin (Worcester, UK), Scott (Radcliffe, UK), Statham (Wolverhampton, UK), Ware (Congleton, UK). 1989-90: 21 players born in UK, one born abroad 2009-10: 14 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Sunderland's Finnish star Teemu Tainio Sunderland have invested in a mix of UK-born and foreign talent over the summer. New signing Lorik Cana is one of two players with Kosovan connections to grace the Premier League. The late 1980s were an eventful time to be a Sunderland fan, as the team bounced up from the third to the first tier of English football. Their only foreign-born player at the start of the 89/90 season was Germany's Thomas Hauser, a centre forward not remembered with any great fondness at the Stadium of Light. Points on the map 2009-10: Finland's Teemu Tainio is the dot in the far north, with Cana and Hungarian goalkeeper Marton Fulop in Eastern Europe. Carlos Edwards and Kenwyne Jones both hail from Trinidad, while Sunderland have three players from the North East: Michael Kay, Grant Leadbitter and Martyn Waghorn. In full: Bardsley (Salford, UK), Bent (Cambridge, UK), Campbell (Huddersfield, UK), Cana (Kosovo), Cattermole (Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Collins (Chester, UK), Da Silva (Paraguay), Edwards (Trinidad & Tobago), Ferdinand (Peckham, UK), Fulop (Hungary), Gordon (Edinburgh, UK), Healy (Downpatrick, UK), Jones (Trinidad & Tobago), Kay (Shotley Bridge, UK), Leadbitter (Chester-le-Street, UK), Malbranque (Belgium), McCartney (Belfast, UK), McShane (Ireland), Murphy (Ireland), Mvoto (France), Nosworthy (Brixton, UK), Reid (Ireland), Richardson (Greenwich, UK), Stokes (Ireland), Tainio (Finland), Waghorn (South Shields, UK). 1989-90: About half the Sunderland squad 20 years ago had been born in the North East. Two - Kieron Brady and John MacPhail - were from Scotland, while Colin Pascoe was born in Bridgend, Wales. Hauser was born in Berlin. In full: Agboola (Camden, UK), Armstrong (Newcastle, UK), Atkinson (Darlington, UK), Bennett (Manchester, UK), Bracewell (Heswall, UK), Brady (Glasgow, UK), Carter (Bristol, UK), Cornforth (Whitley Bay, UK), Cullen (Gateshead, UK), Gabbiadini (Nottingham, UK), Gates (Ferryhill, UK), Hardyman (Portsmouth, UK), Hauser (Germany), Hawke (Durham, UK), Heathcote (Durham, UK), Kay (Great Lumley, UK), MacPhail (Dundee, UK), Norman (Deeside, UK), Ord (Murton, UK), Owers (Newcastle, UK), Pascoe (Bridgend, UK), Williams (Liverpool, UK). 1989-90: 22 players born in UK, four born abroad 2009-10: 13 players born in UK, 12 born abroad Ceuta-born Nayim, who spent five years at Tottenham Tottenham's modern-day squad includes its fair share of foreign-born stars, but maintains a strong UK-born presence, including three Londoners. Frenchman Sebastien Bassong was manager Harry Redknapp's first foreign capture of the summer, having signed Englishmen Peter Crouch, Kyle Naughton and Kyle Walker (the latter since loaned back to Sheffield United). Twenty years earlier, Nayim, born in Ceuta, a Spanish settlement on the North African coast, was probably one of the best-known foreigners in the top flight. Spurs also had two Nordic players and a Belgian in their squad at the start of the 89/90 season, but most players came from the London area. Points on the map 2009-10: Four of Spurs' current squad come from Central and South America: Heurelho Gomes (Brazil), Pascal Chimbonda (Guadeloupe), Wilson Palacios (Honduras) and Giovani dos Santos (Mexico). There are two Croatians in the Spurs first-team squad: Luka Modric and Vedran Corluka, though Corluka was born in neighbouring Bosnia-Hercegovina. In full: Assou-Ekotto (France), Bale (Cardiff, UK), Bassong (France), Bentley (Peterborough, UK), Boateng (Germany), Chimbonda (Guadeloupe), Corluka (Bosnia & Herzegovina), Crouch (Macclesfield, UK), Cudicini (Italy), Dawson (Northallerton, UK), Defoe (Beckton, UK), Dos Santos (Mexico), Gomes (Brazil), Huddlestone (Nottingham, UK), Hutton (Glasgow, UK), Jenas (Nottingham, UK), Keane (Ireland), King (London, UK), Lennon (Leeds, UK), Modric (Croatia), Naughton (Sheffield, UK), O'Hara (Dartford, UK), Palacios (Honduras), Pavlyuchenko (Russia), Woodgate (Middlesbrough, UK). 1989-90: Norwegian goalkeeper Erik Thorstvedt was born in Stavanger, while Gudni Bergsson was born in the Icelandic capital, Reykjavik. Defender Pat Van Den Hauwe, who had just joined Spurs from Everton in time for the start of the 89/90 season, came from Belgium. In full: Allen (Aveley, UK), Bergsson (Iceland), Butters (Hillingdon, UK), Dearden (Luton, UK), Fenwick (Seaham, UK), Gascoigne (Gateshead, UK), Gray (Belfast, UK), Howells (Guildford, UK), Hughton (Stratford, UK), Lineker (Leicester, UK), Mabbutt (Bristol, UK), Mimms (York, UK), Moncur (Stepney, UK), Moran (Enfield, UK), Nayim (Spain), A Polston (Walthamstow, UK), J Polston (Walthamstow, UK), Robson (Newham, UK), Samways (Bethnal Green, UK), Sedgley (Enfield, UK), Stevens (Hillingdon, UK), Stewart (Manchester, UK), Thomas (Luton, UK), Thorstvedt (Norway), Van Den Hauwe (Belgium), Walsh (Plumstead, UK). 1989-90: 20 players born in UK, two born abroad 2009-10: 12 players born in UK, nine born abroad Chilean Luis Jimenez, one of Gianfranco Zola's summer buys English youngsters form a key part of the West Ham team boss Gianfranco Zola has put together. However, that hasn't stopped the former Chelsea ace strengthening with foreign imports this summer, including Chilean Luis Jimenez and Swiss defender Fabio Daprela. Twenty years ago, Steve Potts was one of the league's more exotic players, the Englishman having been born in Hartford, Connecticut, in the US. However, most of his team-mates had been born within 30 miles of London, with several Scottish imports. Points on the map 2009-10: On the left of the map, Jonathan Spector (born in the US) appears to the north, while Jimenez is shown on the Chilean coast. West Ham's Africans are Herita Ilunga (born in Kinshasa, DR Congo) and Savio Nsereko (born in Kampala, Uganda). Valon Behrami comes from what is now Kosovo. In full: Ashton (Swindon, UK), Behrami (Serbia), Boa Morte (Portugal), Cole (Croydon, UK), Collins (Newport, UK), Collison (Watford, UK), Daprela (Switzerland), Dyer (Ipswich, UK), Faubert (France), Gabbidon (Cwmbran, UK), Green (Chertsey, UK), Ilunga (DR Congo), Jimenez (Chile), Noble (West Ham, UK), Nsereko (Uganda), Parker (Lambeth, UK), Spector (US), Stanislas (Kidbrooke, UK), Stech (Czech Rep), Tomkins (Basildon, UK), Upson (Hartismere, UK). 1989-90: Frank McAvennie (Glasgow), Tommy McQueen (Bellshill) and Ray Stewart (Stanley) formed the Hammers' Scottish contingent. After that trio, Potts and Irishman Liam Brady, Merseyside pair Alvin Martin and Mark Ward were farthest from the Boleyn Ground. In full: Allen (Reading, UK), Brady (Ireland), Devonshire (Park Royal, UK), Dicks (Bristol, UK), Dolan (Dagenham, UK), Foster (Chislehurst, UK), Gale (Westminster, UK), Ince (Ilford, UK), Keen (Amersham, UK), Kelly (Birmingham, UK), Martin (Bootle, UK), McAveniie (Glasgow, UK), McQueen (Bellshill, UK), Parkes (Sedgley, UK), Parris (Barking, UK), Potts (US), Robson (Billericay, UK), Rosenior (Clapton, UK), Slater (Sudbury, UK), Stewart (Stanley, UK), Strodder (Cleckheaton, UK), Ward (Huyton, UK). 1989-90: 19 players born in UK, none born abroad 2009-10: Nine players born in UK, 14 born abroad Spaniard Jordi Gomez, recruited from Espanyol this summer Heading into his top-flight debut as Wigan boss, Roberto Martinez has brought in a mixture of UK-born and foreign talent ahead of the new season. Jordi Gomez, signed from Espanyol, was born in Barcelona, while Hendry Thomas was born in Honduras and the inaccurately-named Jason Scotland comes from Trinidad. James McCarthy and Scott Sinclair are the UK-born additions to the squad, which, 20 years ago, featured no player born outside the UK. Wigan, in the third tier of English football at the time, drew the vast majority of their players from the North West of England. Points on the map 2009-10: Farthest-flung is South Korean international Cho Won-Hee, who made his debut towards the end of last season. Olivier Kapo and Richard Kingson come from the neighbouring African countries of Ivory Coast and Ghana respectively. Thomas is joined in Honduras by Maynor Figueroa. In full: Boyce (Aylesbury, UK), Bramble (Ipswich, UK), Brown (Hartlepool, UK), Cho (South Korea), Cywka (Poland), De Ridder (Netherlands), Edman (Sweden), Figueroa (Honduras), Gomez (Spain), Kapo (Ivory Coast), Kingson (Ghana), Kirkland (Leicester, UK), Koumas (Wrexham, UK), McCarthy (Glasgow, UK), Melchiot (Netherlands), N'Zogbia (France), Pollitt (Farnworth, UK), Rodallega (Colombia), Scharner (Austria), Scotland (Trinidad & Tobago), Sinclair (Bath, UK), Thomas (Honduras), Watson (London, UK). 1989-90: Just three of the Wigan first-team squad ahead of the 89/90 season hailed from outside the local area. Phil Hughes and Darren Patterson were born in Belfast, while Allen Tankard came from Fleet, in Hampshire. In full (all UK): Adkins (Birkenhead), Atherton (Orrell), Beesley (Liverpool), Crompton (Orrell), Fallon (Widnes), Griffiths (St Helens), Hilditch (Royton), Hughes (Belfast), Johnson (Wigan), Page (Manchester), Parkinson (Eccles), Patterson (Belfast), Rimmer (Liverpool), Senior (Sheffield), Tankard (Fleet), Thompson (Manchester), Ward (Warrington), Whitworth (Wigan), Woods (Birkenhead). 1989-90: 18 players born in UK, two born abroad 2009-10: 20 players born in UK, eight born abroad Steve Bull - Wolves legend born in nearby Tipton Wolves return to the top flight with a squad comprised mainly of UK-born players. That said, Mick McCarthy has strengthened his foreign legion with the purchases of American goalkeeper Marcus Hahnemann, Serbian Nenad Milijas and Guadeloupe-born Ronald Zubar. Twenty years ago, Wolves had just been promoted back to the Second Division as champions, following one of the worst periods in the team's history. Two of that side were foreign-born - South African striker and new signing John Paskin, and Floyd Streete, born in Jamaica. Points on the map 2009-10: Hahnemann was born in Seattle in the US. The point above South America is Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, birthplace of Zubar. Andrew Surman is from South Africa, while George Elokobi was born in Mogadishu, Somalia. In full: Berra (Edinburgh, UK), Collins (Troon, UK), Craddock (Redditch, UK), Doyle (Ireland), Ebanks-Blake (Cambridge, UK), Edwards (Shrewsbury, UK), Elokobi (Somalia), Foley (Luton, UK), Friend (Barnstaple, UK), Hahnemann (US), Halford (Chelmsford, UK), Hemmings (Wolverhampton, UK), Hennessey (Bangor, UK), Henry (Wolverhampton, UK), Hill (Bristol, UK), Ikeme (Sutton Coldfield, UK), Iwelumo (Coatbridge, UK), Jarvis (Middlesbrough, UK), Jones (Southport, UK), Keogh (Ireland), Kightly (Basildon, UK), Milijas (Serbia), Shackell (Stevenage, UK), Stearman (Wolverhampton, UK), Surman (South Africa), Vokes (Lymington, UK), Ward (Ireland), Zubar (Guadeloupe). 1989-90: Paskin was born in Cape Town, South Africa, and Streete was born in the Jamaican capital, Kingston. The Wolves squad also included two Scots, Tom Bennett and Ally Robertson, as well as Welshmen Mark Kendall and Nigel Vaughan. In full: Bellamy (Worksop, UK), Bennett (Falkirk, UK), Bull (Tipton, UK), Chard (Corby, UK), Clarke (Walsall, UK), Dennison (Banbridge, UK), Downing (Oldbury, UK), Gooding (Newcastle, UK), Kendall (Blackwood, UK), Lange (West Ham, UK), McLoughlin (UK), Mutch (Liverpool), Paskin (South Africa), Robertson (Linlithgow, UK), Steele (Coventry, UK), Streete (Jamaica), Thompson (Cannock, UK), Vaughan (Caerleon, UK), Venus (Hartlepool, UK), Westley, (Canterbury, UK). Map by Ollie Williams, Tom Pearson and Lenny Hanniford Bookmark with:	i don't know
According to Norse mythology, what was the name of the tree located at the centre of the universe?	Norse Creation Yggdrasill and the Nine World Odin and his brothers then used Ymir's body to create the universe. This universe comprises of nine worlds. They placed the body over the void called Ginnungagap. They used his flesh for creating the earth and his blood for the sea. His skull, held up by four dwarves (Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri), was used to create the heaven. Then using sparks from Muspelheim, the gods created the sun, moon and stars. While Ymir's eyebrows were used to create a place where the human race could live in; a place called Midgard (Middle Earth). A great ash tree called Yggdrasill ("World Tree") supported the universe, with roots that connects the nine worlds together. One root of Yggdrasill extends to Muspelheim ("world of fire"), while another root to Niflheim (the "world of cold" or "of ice"). Niflheim was sometimes confused with Niflhel; Niflhel being known by another name – Hel, was the world of the dead. Hel was sometimes used interchangeably with Niflhel by many writers, as the world of the dead. The name, Yggdrasill, means "Steed of Ygg". Ygg is another for Odin, which means, "Terrible One". Therefore, the great tree means in English, "Steed of the Terrible One". Odin's horse is named Sleipnir, but I found no connection between the tree and Sleipnir. While one root was connected to Asgard (home of the Aesir ), another root to Vanaheim (home of the Vanir ). The frost giants lived Jötunheim (Jotunheim). Midgard was the world for human. Alfheim was home of the light elves (ljósálfar). There was also the underground world for the black elves (svartálfar), called Svartalfheim. The dwarves inhabited the world of Nidavellir. Besides the three roots of Yggdrasill, there were three wells. The Norns guarded the Urdarbrunnr, which is often known as "Weird's Well", "Wyrd's Well" or "Urda's Well". The Weird's Well was considered to be very holy. The Norns were Urda or Weird or Wyrd ("Past"), Verdandi ("Present") and Skuld ("Future"). Two swans drink from this well. The Norns cared for the root near the Weird's Well. Every day, they take water from the holy well, pouring on the root and soil, so that at least this root doesn't rot or decay likes the other roots. The mud was white in colour. This white mud caused honeydew to fall to the earth, keeping the valley around the well to be forever green. Each day, the Aesir sit at the court at Weird's Well. Horses take the Aesir to this court. Odin rides Sleipnir. Ten other horses were given names: Glad, Gyllir, Glær, Skeidbrimir, Silfrtopp, Sinir, Gils, Falhofnir, Gulltopp (belonging to Heimdall) and Lettfet. Balder's horse was burned with him. Apart from Sleipnir and Gulltopp, no specific horses were assigned to a particular god. The Aesir must ride across Bifrost (Rainbow Bridge) to reach Weird's Well. Thor doesn't bother to ride to attend the court. Thor walked and waded through the rivers, Kormat and Ormt and two Kerlaugs. The second well was Mímisbrunnr (Mimisbrunnr) or the "Well of Mimir", which was also known as the "Well of Knowledge". The well was said to be guarded by the Aesir god named Mimir , a Norse god of wisdom. See the Well of Knowledge in the Search for Wisdom on how Odin pay Mimir to drink from this well. The third well was called Hvergelmir or the "Roaring Kettle", where a giant serpent called Nidhogg , continuously gnaws at the root of Niflheim. Eventually, Nidhogg will eat its way through the root that will cause Yggdrasill to collapse. But this won't happen until Ragnarok finally arrived. Nidhogg also liked sucking on the bodies of the dead. There are many other animals that dwelled around Yggdrasill. Apart from Nidhogg, there were countless snakes living with the great serpent. From above, four harts or stags feed on the foliage. The harts were given the names of Dain, Duneyr, Durathror and Dvalin. So with Nidhogg feed on one root from above, the stags feed from above, while the side of the tree rotted, Yggdrasill suffered greatly. Perched on one of the branches was a great eagle, wise beyond its years. A hawk, called Vedrfolnir sit between the eyes of the eagle. Not only that. There was a squirrel called Ratatosk who seemed to enjoy running up and down the great ash tree, delivering malicious messages between the eagle from above and Nidhogg below. See the article on Asgard for more description of Asgard, the home of the Aesir. War of Aesir and Vanir A war broke out between the Aesir and Vanir , when the Aesir had tortured the Vanir goddess, Gullveig . Gullveig loved gold. It was all she talked about. Gold, gold, GOLD! The Aesir were tiring of hearing her incessant chatter about gold. They bound Gullveig in Odin's hall and pierced her with spears. Three times they burned Gullveig in a magical fire, but each time she was reborn. The Vanir demanded reparation from the Aesir for torturing their kind – they wanted equal status to their rival – instead of meet the Vanir's demand, the Aesir waged war against the more peaceful Vanir. The Vanir, however, were gaining the upper hand in the war. The warlike Aesir were suffering one defeat after another, before they agreed to end hostility and grant the Vanir, equal status. The peace was followed by strange ritual where the two sides spat in a vessel. From the combined saliva in the vessel created a new being – Kvasir was born. This was followed by hostage exchange, to ensure that peace was kept on both sides. The Vanir Njörd (Njord) and his son Freyr were the Aesir's hostages accompanied by Kvasir, the wisest Van. The Vanir received Hoenir (or Vili ) and Mimir (the wisest of the Aesir) as hostages. At first the Vanir were happy with exchange and thought that Hoenir was as wise as Mimir, until they realised that Hoenir was not very smart at all. Mimir had been secretly giving Hoenir advice. The Vanir felt cheated. They had Mimir decapitated before returning the head to the Aesir. The Aesir did not retaliate in kind. Odin had the head preserved and used it to gain knowledge. (See Head of Mimir and the Mead of Poetry , in the Search for Wisdom page.) The Vanir, Njörd and his son and daughter, Freyr and Freyja , were greatly honoured by the Aesir, by giving them places among them as Aesir. However, the mother of Freyr and Freyja was Njörd's own sister (who was unnamed). Incest and marriage between siblings were allowed in Vanheim, but not so in Asgard. So when Njörd went to Asgard with his children, he had to give up his sister-wife. Njörd would return home to Vanaheim when the Aesir gods fight the frost-giants at Ragnarok, according to the short passage in Vafthrudnismal (Lay of Vafthrudnir). Construction of Asgard The giant named Hrimthurs built the walls around Asgard. Hrimthurs had disguised himself as a man. The giant claimed he could build walls around Asgard within a single winter; if the gods give him the sun (Sol) and moon (Mani) as payment if he complete the walls in time, as well as Freyja as his wife. Loki believing that the giant could never finish fortifying Asgard in one winter, so he persuaded the gods to accept the wager. The reason why Hrimthurs could build the walls so quickly was that he has a gigantic, magical horse called, Svadilfari. This mighty horse helped Hrimthurs move large block of rock. Few days before winter was over, Hrimthurs had almost completed the entire wall. The gods realised that they would likely lose the wager, threatened to punish Loki for making them accept the wagers in the first place. So they forced to Loki to ruin Hrimthurs' bet. Loki disguised himself, by transforming into a beautiful mare, so he could distract Svadilfari. Hrimthurs lost control over Svadilfari, when the giant stallion began to pursue the mare (Loki). Without Svadilfari, Hrimthurs could not complete the walls in time. Hrimthurs was raging over losing the wager, threatened to destroy the Asgard and the gods. During his rage, Hrimthurs lost his disguise, revealing to the Aesir that he was truly a giant, not a human. Thor killed Hrimthurs with his mighty hammer. Some months later, Loki brought back to Asgard, an eight-legged colt, named Sleipnir, offspring of Svadilfari and Loki (mare). Sleipnir was the magical steed of Odin . Sleipnir had sired many famous horses; among them was Grani, the horse of the hero Sigurd . Of Valhalla, the Icelandic Snorri Sturluson gives us the most vivid detail in his Prose Edda. Valhalla, or "Hall of the Heroes", was the best-known hall in Asgard, which was another residency belonging to Odin, or Val-father ("Father of the Slain") as he was known in this hall. It was where the dead warriors, known as Einherjar (Einheriar), resided in a hall, and wait for the arrival of Ragnarök . The Einherjar would fight alongside the Aesir at Ragnarok. When the bravest warriors were killed in battle or combat, they were brought to Valhalla by group of women warriors known as the Valkyries , which was translated as "Chooser of the Slain", and they were known as "Battle-maidens" and "Shield-maidens". The Valkyries were sometimes were known as "Swan-Maidens", because their garments were made of swan feathers, which allowed them to fly. The Valkyries served Odin, by going through battlefield, choosing slain warriors who would be suited to fight in Ragnarök (Ragnarok) and therefore they have a place in Valhalla. While the Valkyries are in Valhalla, they were known as Mead-Maidens, because they responsible for serving mead to Odin and the Einherjar along the long tables at Valhalla. The mead come from the goat Heidrun that feed from the foliage of branches of tree, called Lerad. Each day, the goat's udder would fill the vat with mead. Andhrimnir, the cook of Valhalla, prepared the meal for the Einherjar. Andhrimnir cooked the wild boar, called Sæhrimnir, in a great cooking pot, Eldhrimnir. The meat of Sæhrimnir always rejuvenated the warriors at night. Each day Sæhrimnir was cooked before it was served, but by morning of the next day, the wild boar was whole, to be cooked again. Odin usually dined with his warriors, but he never eats any meat placed before him. Odin would give his meat to the two wolves, Geri and Freki, that rest at his feet. Odin only drank wine with the dead warriors. Snorri explained that while the Einherjar wait for Ragnarok, they fought each other in a sort of mock battle during the day, but at night they enjoy a great feast, before resting in their bed. In the morning, the Einherjar woke to the crowing of a cock called Salgofnir, which was perched on the rooftop of Valhalla. Snorri wrote that Valhalla had overlapping shields for a roof, held up by the spear-shafts as rafters. There were 540 doors. And from each of the door, eight hundred warriors could enter or leave the hall. Instead of torch-fires, the light in the great hall were litted by the glowing blades of swords. Mail shirts were strewn on the benches. In front of the western doors, there hanged a wolf. Hovering above Valhalla was a single eagle. There was also a tree standing in front of the doors of Valhalla; the tree was called Glasir, because of the red-gold foliage. Another hall that the fallen warriors resided in was called Vingolf, which means either "wine-hall" or "friend-hall", but this may be the hall for righteous men to live, and not just for the Einherjar. Another name for Vingolf is Gimle, and it was a Norse version of the Elysian Fields or the Blessed Isle. Snorri said Vingolf or Gimle was the fairest of place, located on the southernmost end of heaven. Snorri also mentioned other heavens. Also to the south, but above Vingolf was Andlang. The third heaven, called Vidblain, was above the two previous heavens. Only half of the slain warriors (Einherjar) in battle were given to Odin. Freyja had the honour of receiving the other half, where the Einherjar resided with her in Folkvang ("Field of Folk"), her hall within her palace Fólkvangar (Folkvangar). The other hall she resided in was called Sessrumnir. The handmaiden named Fulla attended Freyja (most writers say that Fulla was Frigg's attendant). Midgard Midgard was the home of the human race. It was also called Manheim, Mannheim or Manna-heim (the home of mankind). After the three gods, Odin, Hœnir (Vili) and Lodur (Ve), created Midgard, they started to create the human race, from the tree trunks that they came upon at the beach. From these timbers, they made the first man and first woman: Askr and Embla. Each god gave them a gift: Odin gave them breath; Hœnir gave them understanding and spirit; and Lodur senses and outward appearance. According to the Rigsthula (the List of Rig), in the Poetic Edda, Heimdall or Rig was the creator of the human society. Heimdall divided mankind into three social classes. Heimdall enjoy the hospitality of three old couples in three different houses. Each couple were old and were already great-grandparents. Heimdall secretly slept with the wife of each house. Each wife gave birth to a son. Rig spends three nights with the first couple. Rig slept with the great grandmother, who had a child who was called Thrall, the labourer, who formed the lowest social class. When Thrall had grown into a strong young man, he met and later married a woman named Slavegirl, and they became ancestor of all the thralls or slaves. The next couple Rig met, he slept with great grandmother, who had bore him another son, named Farmer. Farmer had also grown into a strong, young man, who would later married a woman and have many children. Farmer had many descendants who became farmers like him. The last couple Rig had visited, he again slept with this great grandmother, who also bore him a son who was named Lord. Lord married Erna, daughter of Chieftain, and they became ancestors of the noble class, the highest of the Norse social class.	Yggdrasil
Ronald Ross won the 1902 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his work on which disease?	NORSE MYTHOLOGY, COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY My Box Comments The Voluspa opens with the Norse account of the creation of the present universe : Old tales I remember \| of men long ago. I remember yet \| the giants of lore [...] Of old was the age \| when Ymir lived; No Sea nor cool waves \| nor sand there were; Earth had not been, \| nor heaven above, Only a yawning gap, \| and grass nowhere. My Comments: What was/is in the Universe before everything was/is created? Creation and Milky Way Giants In the beginning there was nothing except for the ice of Niflheim , to the north, and the fire of Muspelheim , to the south. Between them was a yawning gap (the phrase is sometimes left untranslated as a proper name: Ginnungagap ), and in this gap a few pieces of ice met a few sparks of fire. The ice melted to form Eiter , which formed the bodies of the hermaphrodite giant Ymir and the cow Auï¿½umbla , whose milk fed Ymir. Ymir fathered Thrudgelmir , as well as two humans, one man and one woman. Auï¿½umbla fed by licking the rime ice, and slowly she uncovered a man's hair. After a day, she had uncovered his face. After another day, she had uncovered him completely. His name was Buri. Ginnungagap In Norse mythology , Ginnungagap ("magical (and creative) power-filled space" [1] ) was the vast, primordial void that existed prior to the creation of the manifest universe. [2] In the northern part of Ginnungagap lay the intense cold of Niflheim , to the southern part lay the equally intense heat of Muspelheim . The cosmogonic process began when the effulgence of the two met in the middle of Ginnungagap. My Comments: "A power-filled space" is related to the modern term of Cosmic Micro Wave Background Radiation. This is a description of the 4 basically elements of Water; Fire; Air and Soil in the Universe and how the creation process is started. Read the retold Norse Creation Myth here: Myths of Creation (Cosmogony) Cosmogony, or cosmogeny, is any theory concerning the coming into existence or origin of the universe, or about how reality came to be. The word comes from the Greek κοσμογονία (or κοσμογενία), from κόσμος "cosmos, the world", and the root of γί(γ)νομαι / γέγονα "to be born, come about". In the specialized context of space science and astronomy, the term refers to theories of creation of (and study of) the Solar System. My Comments: When mythological "theories of creation" is mentioned, it not just concerns our Earth and the Solar System, but also our Galaxy and beyond in the Universe. Cosmogony can be distinguished from cosmology , which studies the universe at large and throughout its existence, and which technically does not inquire directly into the source of its origins. My Comments: Mythology was originally the 1 Story of it All without any distinctions. And when fully understood, Mythological telling can support or even better all other scientifically branches because of the Holistic and Cyclic concepts in Mythology. The Mythological Worlds My Comments: Before going further in the description of the major deities, it would be convenient to describe the Norse perception of their 3 Worlds: 1. Midgaard for the Humans. 2. Asgaard for the nearer celestial day and night objects. 3. Udgaard for the Giants in the Milky Way. Each of these 3 worlds or dimensions was furthermore divided in 3 "vertically" dimensions, for instants the Earth Upper, Middle and Under hemispheres or Northern, Equatorial and Southern hemispheres. All these 3 Worlds also have their own 4 directional horizontal lines in order to locate all dimensions or Worlds in the whole mythological perception and telling of Cosmos. 1: Midgaard for the Humans. 2: Asgaard for the nearer celestial World. 3: Udgaard for the giant Milky Way figures and deities. 4: The extragalactic World, the Universe, the Ginnungagap. All the 3 worlds with their 4 directions, telling of the 3 world Wheels within Wheels in the cosmological play. (The scheme is vertically flipped) The first Symbols of Creation My Comments: Use these schemes above and below in order to analyse and understand your chosen favourite religion or creative deities/creative powers. My Comments: The full contours of our Milky Way with the left Northern hemisphere (Niflheim) and the Southern right (Muspelheim) hemisphere. These 2 figures is the origin for all global mythological stories of Creation. The inserted Swirl on the right figure marks the swirling center of our galaxy in the star constellation of Sagittarius from where all life in the galaxy was/is created. The mythological stories of Creation all tells of life created in the middle of garden Eden from where it was "expelled" i.e. pushed out in the galactic surrounding milky Way rivers i.e. the galactic arms. By telling of such a movement out from the Milky Way center, the mythological stories are quite opposite the modern cosmology that claims that everything is sucked inwards to the center by a "black hole". This figure above is the most important symbol of all human symbols as it represent the elementary Story of Creation in connection to the specific creation of our milky Way galaxy in where we live. Mythological Keywords and Qualities Niflheim Niflheimr or Niflheim ("Mist Home", the "Abode of Mist" or "Mist World"); being cognate with the Old English Nifol ("dark" and Nebel, a German and Latin root meaning fog) is a location in Norse mythology which overlaps with the notions of Niflhel and Hel . The name Niflheimr only appears in two extant sources and they are Gylfaginning and the much debated Hrafnagaldr ï¿½ï¿½ins . According to Gylfaginning, it was one of the two primordial realms, the other one being Muspelheim , the realm of fire. Between these two realms of cold and heat, creation began. Later, it became the location of Hel , the abode of those who did not die a heroic death. My Comments: When describing the Creation as such, the old Norse used terms from the seasonal changes on Earth and transformed the descriptions to larger conditions in the Universe. As in almost any other old culture, the Norse basically also divided the Earth hemisphere in 2: The Upper World (of Niflheim) and the Underworld (of Muspelheim). This 2 fold division could both tell of observations of the Earth orbiting in the Solar System, but also of the location of the Solar System in our Milky Way Galaxy, to which the mythical story of Creation is very close connected and described with all kind of gigantic superlatives. Muspelhiem becoming the location of Hel has nothing to do with "those who not died a heroic death". Hel is the creative center in our galaxy in which coming Heroes and Heroines was reborn when visiting the center of Creation and getting knowledge of them selves; the Creation; and their individual and collective task on the Earth. Mï¿½spellsheimr In Norse mythology , Muspellheim ("Muspel land"), also called Mï¿½spell, is a realm of fire. It is home to the fire demons or the Sons of Muspell, and Surtr , their ruler. It is fire; and the land to the North, Niflheim , is ice. The two mixed and created water from the melting ice in Ginnungagap . My Comments: We have Niflheim in the North and Muspelheim in the South. We are talking of a Creation before the Creation. Ginnungagap is the center in which the Creation takes place. Out of this center are the first Giants created. As described in the Mythological Worlds above, the Giants belongs mythological to the Milky Way contours and therefore we are talking of a specific creation taking place in the middle of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Audhumbla Auï¿½umbla (also spelled Auï¿½umla, Auï¿½humbla or Auï¿½humla) is the primeval cow of Norse mythology . She is attested in Gylfaginning , a part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , in association with Ginnungagap and Ymir . Auï¿½umbla's name appears in different variations in the manuscripts of the Prose Edda. Its meaning is unclear. The auï¿½- prefix can be related to words meaning "wealth", "ease", "fate" or "emptiness", with "wealth" being, perhaps, the most likely candidate. The -(h)um(b)la suffix is unclear but, judging from apparent cognates in other Germanic languages, could mean "polled cow". Another theory links it with the name Ymir. The name may have been obscure and interpreted differently even in pagan times. My Comments: The choice of a Cow fits very well when describing the creation in our galaxy: There is a thundering low frequent creation sound coming from the middle of our galaxy and the whitish galactic arms floats as rivers of heavenly milk. But when studying comparative mythology , all kinds of animals, humans and anthropomorphic beings are used in order to describe the first physical appearances in our galaxy. The Milky Way center is located on the Earth southern hemisphere in the general direction of the Star Constellation of Sagittarius/Scorpio. The Swedish scholar Viktor Rydberg , writing in the late 19th century, drew a parallel between the Norse creation myths and accounts in Zoroastrian and Vedic mythology , postulating a common Proto-Indo-European origin. While many of Rydberg's theories were dismissed as fanciful by later scholars his work on comparative mythology was sound to a large extent. Zoroastrian mythology does have a primeval ox which is variously said to be male or female and comes into existence in the middle of the earth along with the primeval man. My Comments: Not "in the middle of the Earth" but in the middle of our Milky Way Galaxy. In Egyptian mythology the Milky Way , personified as the cow goddess Hathor , was seen to be a river of milk flowing from the udders of a heavenly cow. Hathor also has a role in Egyptian creation myths. Due to the large distance in time and space separating the Old Norse and Ancient Egyptian cultures a direct connection seems unlikely. Similar mythological themes may arise independently in different cultures. My Comments: When observing the contours of our Milky Way no wonder if there are global similarities in Myths. And when taking the human spiritual dimension in consideration, the very time concept itself completely disappears. The intuitive or spiritual language of genuine myths is eternal cyclic and it deals not with linear time concepts. Ymir In Norse mythology , Ymir, also named Aurgelmir ( Old Norse gravel-yeller) among the giants themselves, was the founder of the race of frost giants and an important figure in Norse cosmology . My Comments: Ymir as a part of "Frost Giants", shall not be interpreted as "cold beings" but as a Giant, the first Giant appearing on the Niflheim hemisphere in the northern celestial night Sky over the Earth. The other minor "frost giants" mentioned in the Norse Mythology therefore also belongs to the northern night celestial hemispheres - either as smaller parts or details of the Milky Way contours, or maybe as different Star Constellations in the northern celestial night Sky. Snorri Sturluson combined several sources, along with some of his own conclusions, to explain Ymir's role in the Norse creation myth. The main sources available are the great Eddic poem Vï¿½luspï¿½ , the question and answer poem Grï¿½mnismï¿½l , and the question and answer poem Vafï¿½rï¿½ï¿½nismï¿½l . According to these poems, Ginnungagap existed before Heaven and Earth. The Northern region of Ginnungagap became full of ice, and this harsh land was known as Niflheim . Opposite of Niflheim was the southern region known as Muspelheim , which contained bright sparks and glowing embers. Ymir was conceived in Ginnungagap when the ice of Niflheim met with Muspelheim's heat and melted, releasing "eliwaves" and drops of eitr . The eitr drops stuck together and formed a giant of rime frost (a hrimthurs ) between the two worlds and the sparks from Muspelheim gave him life. While Ymir slept, he fell into a sweat and conceived the race of giants. Under his left arm grew a man and a woman, and his legs begot his six-headed son ï¿½rï¿½ï¿½gelmir . My Comments: "Eliwaves" relates to Elivagar, the Milky Way River. For the meaning of Eitr, se below. Ymir fed from the primeval cow Auï¿½humla 's four rivers of milk, who in turn fed from licking the salty ice blocks. Her licking the rime ice eventually revealed the body of a man named Bï¿½ri . Bï¿½ri fathered Borr , and Borr and his wife Bestla had three sons given the names Odin , Vili and Vï¿½ . My Comments: Se the text of these qualities below. Encyclopaedia Britannica on Ymir vs. Aurgelmir: In Norse mythology , the first being, a giant who was created from the drops of water that formed when the ice of Niflheim met the heat of Muspelheim . Aurgelmir was the father of all the giants; a male and a female grew under his arm, and his legs produced a six-headed son. A cow, Audumla , nourished him with her milk. Audumla was herself nourished by licking salty, rime-covered stones. She licked the stones into the shape of a man; this was Buri , who became the grandfather of the great god Odin and his brothers. These gods later killed Aurgelmir, and the flow of his blood drowned all but one frost giant. The three gods put Aurgelmirï¿½s body in the void, Ginnungagap , and fashioned the earth from his flesh, the seas from his blood, mountains from his bones, stones from his teeth, the sky from his skull, and clouds from his brain. Four dwarfs held up his skull. His eyelashes (or eyebrows) became the fence surrounding Midgard , or Middle Earth, the home of mankind. The sons of Borr killed Ymir, and when Ymir fell the blood from his wounds poured forth. Ymir's blood drowned almost the entire tribe of Frost Giants or Jotuns. Only two jotuns survived the flood of Ymir's blood, one was Ymir's grandson Bergelmir (son of ï¿½rï¿½ï¿½gelmir), and the other his wife. Bergelmir and his wife brought forth new families of Jotuns. Odin and his brothers used Ymir's body to create Midgard , the earth at the center of Ginnungagap. His flesh became the earth. The blood of Ymir formed seas and lakes. From his bones mountains were erected. His teeth and bone fragments became stones. From his hair grew trees and maggots from his flesh became the race of dwarfs. The gods set Ymir's skull above Ginnungagap and made the sky, supported by four dwarfs . These dwarfs were given the names East, West, North and South. Odin then created winds by placing one of Bergelmir's sons, in the form of an eagle, at the ends of the earth. He cast Ymir's brains into the wind to become the clouds. Next, the sons of Borr took sparks from Muspelheim and dispersed them throughout Ginnungagap, thus creating stars and light for Heaven and Earth. From pieces of driftwood trees the sons of Borr made men. They made a man named Ask-ash tree and a woman named Embla-elm tree. On the brow of Ymir the sons of Bor built a stronghold to protect the race of men from the giants. Two other names associated with Ymir are Brimir and Blï¿½inn according to Vï¿½luspï¿½, stanza 9, where the gods discuss forming the race of dwarfs from the "blood of Brimir and the limbs of Blï¿½inn". Later in stanza 37, Brimir is mentioned as having a beer hall in ï¿½kï¿½lnir . In Gylfaginning "Brimir" is the name of the hall itself, destined to survive the destruction of Ragnarï¿½k and providing an "abundance of good drink" for the souls of the virtuous. Eitr E itr is a mythical substance in Norse mythology . This liquid substance is the origin of all living things, the first giant Ymir was conceived from eitr. The substance is supposed to be very poisonous and is also produced by Jï¿½rmungandr (the Midgard serpent) and other serpents. Etymology The word eitr exists in most North Germanic languages (all derived from the Old Norse language) in Icelandic eitur, in Danish edder, in Swedish etter. Cognates also exist in Dutch ether, in German Eiter (lit. pus),in Old Saxon ĕttar, in Old English ăttor. The meaning of the word is very broad: poisonous, evil, bad, angry, sinister etc. The word is used in common Scandinavian folklore as a synonym for snake poison. My Comments: How can anyone state that a life-giving substance can be poisoning, evil, bad, angry and sinister? They can when they confuse the Milky Way Serpent of Creation for a physical poisonous Snake on Earth. So much for the etymological analysis of the right word connected to the wrong cosmological and mythological concept. ï¿½rï¿½ï¿½gelmir In Norse mythology , ï¿½rï¿½ï¿½gelmir ( Old Norse "Strength Yeller") is a frost giant , the son of the primordial giant Aurgelmir (who Snorri Sturluson in Gylfaginning identifies with Ymir ), and the father of Bergelmir . My Comments: Here we have a discrepancy between Ymir as the first primordial Giant and Aurgelmir. Maybe the better choice is Aurgelmir because of the etymological connection to the Audhumbla Cow. Attestations ï¿½rï¿½ï¿½gelmir appears in the poem Vafï¿½rï¿½ï¿½nismï¿½l from the Poetic Edda . When Odin (speaking under the assumed name Gagnrad ) asks who was the eldest of the ï¿½sir or of the giants in bygone days, Vafï¿½rï¿½ï¿½nir answers: "Uncountable winters before the earth was made, then Bergelmir was born, and Aurgelmir his grandfather." ï¿½Vafï¿½rï¿½ï¿½nismï¿½l (29) [1] According to Rudolf Simek, ï¿½rï¿½ï¿½gelmir is identical to the six-headed son that was begotten by Aurgelmir's feet (Vafï¿½rï¿½ï¿½nismï¿½l, 33) [2] , but the fact that (apart from the ï¿½ulur ) he is mentioned in only one source led John Lindow to suggest that he might have been invented by the poet [3] . Additionally, the identification of one with the other cannot be established with certainty since, according to stanza 33, Aurgelmir had more than one direct male offspring: "They said that under the frost-giant's arms (Gundestrup Cauldron Image) a girl and boy grew together; one foot with the other, of the wise giant, begot a six-headed son." [1] Buri Bï¿½ri was the first god in Norse mythology . He was the father of Borr and grandfather of Odin . The meaning of either Bï¿½ri or Buri is not known. The first could be related to bï¿½r meaning "storage room" and the second could be related to burr meaning "son". "Buri" may mean "producer." Borr Borr or Burr (sometimes anglicized Bor or Bur) was the son of Bï¿½ri and the father of Odin in Norse mythology . He is mentioned in the Gylfaginning part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda . [Bï¿½ri] gat son ï¿½ann er Borr er nefndr. Hann fekk ï¿½eirar konu er Bestla er nefnd, dï¿½ttir Bï¿½lï¿½orns jï¿½tuns, ok gï¿½tu ï¿½au ï¿½rjï¿½ sonu. Hï¿½t einn ï¿½ï¿½inn, annarr Vili, ï¿½riï¿½i Vï¿½. [Bï¿½ri] begat a son called Borr, who wedded the woman named Bestla , daughter of Bï¿½lthorn the giant; and they had three sons: one was Odin, the second Vili , the third Vï¿½ . Brodeur's translation Borr is not mentioned again in the Prose Edda. In skaldic and eddaic poetry Odin is occasionally referred to as Borr's son but no further information on Borr is given. Other sources are silent. The role of Borr in the mythology is unclear and there is no indication that he was worshipped in Norse paganism . Odin - The Great God Odin (pronounced /ˈoʊdɨn/ from Old Norse ï¿½ï¿½inn), is considered the chief god in Norse paganism . Homologous with the Anglo-Saxon Wōden and the Old High German Wotan , it is descended from Proto-Germanic * Wōđinaz or Wōđanaz. The name Odin is generally accepted as the modern translation; although, in some cases, older translations of his name may be used or preferred. His name is related to ōï¿½r , meaning "fury, excitation", besides "mind", or "poetry". His role, like many of the Norse gods, is complex. He is associated with wisdom , war , battle, and death, and also magic , poetry , prophecy , victory, and the hunt. Odin was referred to by more than 200 names which hint at his various roles. He was Known as Yggr (terror) Sigfodr (father of Victory) and Alfodr (All Father) [15] in the skaldic and Eddic traditions of heiti and kennings , a poetic method of indirect reference, as in a riddle. Some epithets establish Odin as a father god : Alfï¿½ï¿½r "all-father", "father of all"; Aldafï¿½ï¿½r "father of men (or of the age)"; Herjafï¿½ï¿½r "father of hosts"; Sigfï¿½ï¿½r "father of victory"; Valfï¿½ï¿½r "father of the slain". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_names_of_Odin Origins but with sorrow, for well did Viï¿½rir's [Odin's] power please the poet, do I conceive hate for the first husband of Frigg [Odin], now I serve Christ . (Lausavï¿½sur 10, Whaley's translation) Flateyjarbï¿½k Odin (1825-1827) by H. E. Freund. Sï¿½rla ï¿½ï¿½ttr is a short narrative from a later and extended version of the Saga of Olaf Tryggvason [6] found in the Flateyjarbï¿½k manuscript, which was written and compiled by two Christian priests , Jon Thordson and Magnus Thorhalson, from the late 14th [7] to the 15th century. [8] "Freyja was a human in Asia and was the favorite concubine of Odin, King of Asialand. When this woman wanted to buy a golden necklace (no name given) forged by four dwarves (named Dvalinn, Alfrik, Berling, and Grer), she offered them gold and silver but they replied that they would only sell it to her if she would lie a night by each of them. She came home afterward with the necklace and kept silent as if nothing happened. But a man called Loki somehow knew it, and came to tell Odin. King Odin commanded Loki to steal the necklace, so Loki turned into a fly to sneak into Freyja's bower and stole it. When Freyja found her necklace missing, she came to ask king Odin. In exchange for it, Odin ordered her to make two kings, each served by twenty kings, fight forever unless some christened men so brave would dare to enter the battle and slay them. She said yes, and got that necklace back. Under the spell, king Hï¿½gni and king Heï¿½inn battled for one hundred and forty-three years, as soon as they fell down they had to stand up again and fight on. But in the end, the great Christian lord Olaf Tryggvason arrived with his brave christened men, and whoever slain by a Christian would stay dead. Thus the pagan curse was finally dissolved by the arrival of Christianity. After that, the noble man, king Olaf, went back to his realm." [9] Vili - Brothers of Odin In Norse mythology , Vili and Vï¿½ are the brothers of Odin , sons of Bestla daughter of Bï¿½lï¿½orn and Borr son of Bï¿½ri : Hann [Borr] fekk ï¿½eirar konu er Bettla hï¿½t, dï¿½ttir Bï¿½lï¿½orns jï¿½tuns, ok fengu ï¿½au ï¿½rjï¿½ sonu. Hï¿½t einn ï¿½ï¿½inn, annarr Vili, ï¿½riï¿½i Vï¿½. Old Norse Vili means " will ". Old Norse Vï¿½ refers to a type of Germanic shrine; a vï¿½ . Vï¿½ - Brothers of Odin In Norse paganism , a vï¿½ is a type of shrine or sacred enclosure. The term appears in skaldic poetry and in place names in Scandinavia (with the exception of Iceland ), often in connection with a Norse deity or a geographic feature. The name of the Norse god Vï¿½ , refers to the practice. [1] Andy Orchard says that a vï¿½ may have surrounded a temple or have been simply a marked, open place where worship occurred. Orchard points out that Tacitus , in his 1st century CE work Germania , says that the Germanic peoples , unlike the Romans , "did not seek to contain their deities within temple walls." [2] Poetic Edda Vï¿½luspï¿½ In the poem Vï¿½luspï¿½ , a vï¿½lva tells Odin of numerous events reaching into the far past and into the future, including his own doom. The Vï¿½lva describes creation, recounts the birth of Odin by his father Borr and his mother Bestla and how Odin and his brothers formed Midgard from the sea. She further describes the creation of the first human beings - Ask and Embla - by Hï¿½nir , Lï¿½ï¿½urr and Odin. Amongst various other events, the Vï¿½lva mentions Odin's involvement in the ï¿½sir-Vanir War , the self-sacrifice of Odin's eye at Mï¿½mir's Well , the death of his son Baldr . She describes how Odin is slain by the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarï¿½k , the subsequent avenging of Odin and death of Fenrir by his son Vï¿½ï¿½arr , how the world disappears into flames and, yet, how the earth again rises from the sea. She then relates how the surviving ï¿½sir remember the deeds of Odin. Lokasenna In the poem Lokasenna , the conversation of Odin and Loki started with Odin trying to defend Gefjun and ended with his wife, Frigg, defending him. In Lokasenna, Loki derides Odin for practicing seid (witchcraft), implying it was women's work. Another example of this may be found in the Ynglinga saga where Snorri opines that men who used seid were ergi or unmanly. Hï¿½vamï¿½l In Rï¿½natal, a section of the Hï¿½vamï¿½l , Odin is attributed with discovering the runes. He was hung from the world tree , Yggdrasil , while pierced by his own spear for nine days and nights , in order to learn the wisdom that would give him power in the nine worlds. Nine is a significant number in Norse magical practice (there were, for example, nine realms of existence ), thereby learning nine (later eighteen ) magical songs and eighteen magical runes. One of Odin's names is Ygg, and the Norse name for the World Ash ï¿½Yggdrasilï¿½therefore could mean "Ygg's (Odin's) horse". Another of Odin's names is Hangatï¿½r, the god of the hanged. Sacrifices, human or otherwise, in prehistoric times were commonly hung in or from trees, often transfixed by spears. Hï¿½rbarï¿½sljï¿½ï¿½ Main article: Hï¿½rbarï¿½sljï¿½ï¿½ In Hï¿½rbarï¿½sljï¿½ï¿½, Odin, disguised as the ferryman Hï¿½rbarï¿½r, engages his son Thor, unaware of the disguise, in a long argument. Thor is attempting to get around a large lake and Hï¿½rbarï¿½r refuses to ferry him. Frigg - the Great Goddess "Frigga Spinning the Clouds" The asterism Orion's Belt was known as "Frigg's Distaff / spinning wheel " (Friggerock) or "Freyja's Distaff" (Frejerock) [6] . Some have pointed out that the constellation is on the celestial equator and have suggested that the stars rotating in the night sky may have been associated with Frigg's spinning wheel [7] . Frigg's name means "love" or "beloved one" (Proto-Germanic frijjō, cf. Sanskrit priyā "dear woman") and was known among many northern European cultures with slight name variations over time: e.g. Friggja in Sweden, Frīg (genitive Frīge ) in Old English, and Fricka in Richard Wagner 's operatic cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen . [8] Modern English translations have sometimes altered Frigg to Frigga, presumably to avoid the English vulgarism frig . It has been suggested that " Frau Holle " of German folklore is a survival of Frigg. [9] Frigg's hall in Asgard is Fensalir , which means "Marsh Halls." [10] This may mean that marshy or boggy land was considered especially sacred to her but nothing definitive is known. The goddess Saga , who was described as drinking with Odin from golden cups in her hall "Sunken Benches," may be Frigg by a different name. [11] Frigg was a goddess associated with married women. She was called up by women to assist in giving birth to children, and Scandinavians used the plant Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum) as a sedative, they called it Frigg's grass) [6] . Frigg's grass . Frigg (sometimes anglicized as Frigga) is a major goddess in Norse paganism , a subset of Germanic paganism . She is said to be the wife of Odin , and is the "foremost among the goddesses" and the queen of Asgard. [1] Frigg appears primarily in Norse mythological stories as a wife and a mother. She is also described as having the power of prophecy yet she does not reveal what she knows. [2] Frigg is described as the only one other than Odin who is permitted to sit on his high seat Hlidskjalf and look out over the universe. The English term Friday derives from the Anglo-Saxon name for Frigg, Frigga. [3] In Norse mythology , Hliï¿½skjï¿½lf (sometimes Anglicized Hlidskjalf; from hlid "side, gate" or hlifd "protection", and skjalf "shelf, bench, plane" [1] ) is the high seat of Odin enabling him to see into all worlds. Frigg's children are Baldr and Hï¿½ï¿½r , her stepchildren are Thor , Hermï¿½ï¿½r , Heimdall , Tyr , Vidar , Vï¿½li , and Skjoldr . Frigg's companion is Eir , a goddess associated with medical skills. Frigg's attendants are Hlï¿½n , Gnï¿½ , and Fulla . In the Poetic Edda poem Lokasenna 26, Frigg is said to be Fjï¿½rgyns mï¿½r ("Fjï¿½rgynn's maiden"). The problem is that in Old Norse mï¿½r means both "daughter" and "wife", so it is not fully clear if Fjï¿½rgynn is Frigg's father or another name for her husband Odin , but Snorri Sturluson interprets the line as meaning Frigg is Fjï¿½rgynn's daughter ( Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l 27), and most modern translators of the Poetic Edda follow Snorri. The original meaning[ dubious ï¿½ discuss ] of fjï¿½rgynn was the earth, cf. feminine version Fjorgyn , a byname for Jï¿½rï¿½, the earth. [4] Etymology Main article: Frijjō Frijjō (" Frigg -Frija"), cognate to Sanskrit Priya , is the name or epithet of a Common Germanic love goddess , the most prominent female member of the Ansiwiz (gods), and often identified as the spouse of the chief god, * Wōdanaz ( Woden - Odin ). The two Old Norse goddesses Freyja and Frigg appear to be reflected by only a single goddess in West Germanic and likely derive from a single Common Germanic goddess, one of whose epithets was frijjō "beloved" and frawjō "lady". Freyja "Lady" is thus considered a hypostasis of the chief "Frigg-Frija" goddess, together with other hypostases like Fulla and Nanna derived from skaldic epithets , similar to Odhr besides many other aspects in skaldic tradition deriving from Odin . Old Norse Frigg (genitive Friggjar), Old Saxon Fri, and Old English Frig are derived from Common Germanic Frijjō. [5] Frigg is cognate with Sanskrit prīyā́ which means "wife". [5] The root also appears in Old Saxon fri which means "beloved lady", in Swedish as fria ("to propose for marriage") and in Icelandic as frjï¿½ which means "to love". [5] Eir - Friigï¿½s Companion Frigg's companion is Eir In Norse mythology , Eir ( Old Norse "help, mercy" [1] ) is a goddess and/or valkyrie associated with medical skill. Eir is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; and in skaldic poetry, including a runic inscription from Bergen , Norway from around 1300. Scholars have theorized about whether or not these three sources refer to the same figure, and debate whether or not Eir may have been originally a healing goddess and/or a valkyrie . In addition, Eir has been theorized as a form of the goddess Frigg and has been compared to the Greek goddess Hygiea . Frigg's Attendants Hlï¿½n In Norse mythology , Hlï¿½n ( Old Norse "protectoress" [1] ) is a goddess associated with the goddess Frigg . Hlï¿½n appears in a poem in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson , and in kennings found in skaldic poetry. Hlï¿½n has been theorized as possibly another name for Frigg. In the Poetic Edda poem Vï¿½luspï¿½ , Hlï¿½n receives a mention regarding the foretold death of the god Odin during the immense battle waged at Ragnarï¿½k : Then is fulfilled Hlï¿½n's second sorrow, Gnï¿½ In Norse mythology , Gnï¿½ is a goddess who runs errands in other worlds for the goddess Frigg and rides the flying, sea-trodding horse Hï¿½fvarpnir ( Old Norse "he who throws his hoofs about", [1] "hoof-thrower" [2] or "hoof kicker" [3] ). Gnï¿½ and Hï¿½fvarpnir are attested in the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson . Scholarly theories have been proposed about Gnï¿½ as a "goddess of fullness" and as potentially cognate to Fama from Roman mythology . Hï¿½fvarpnir and the eight-legged steed Sleipnir have been cited examples of transcendent horses in Norse mythology. In chapter 35 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning , the enthroned figure of High provides brief descriptions of 16 ï¿½synjur . High lists Gnï¿½ thirteenth, and says that Frigg sends her off to different worlds to run errands. High adds that Gnï¿½ rides the horse Hï¿½fvarpnir, and that this horse has the ability to ride through the air and atop the sea. [3] High continues that "once some Vanir saw her path as she rode through the air" and that an unnamed one of these Vanir says, in verse: "What flies there? Fulla In Germanic mythology , Fulla ( Old Norse , possibly "bountiful" [1] ) or Volla ( Old High German ) is a goddess . In Norse mythology , Fulla is described as wearing a golden snood and as tending to the ashen box and the footwear owned by the goddess Frigg , and, in addition, Frigg confides in Fulla her secrets. Fulla is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; and in skaldic poetry. Volla is attested in the "Horse Cure" Merseburg Incantation , recorded anonymously in the 10th century in Old High German , in which she assists in healing the wounded foal of Phol and is referred to as Frigg's sister. Scholars have proposed theories about the implications of the goddess. Poetic Edda In the prose introduction to the Poetic Edda poem Grï¿½mnismï¿½l , Frigg makes a wager with her husbandï¿½the god Odin ï¿½over the hospitality of their human patrons. Frigg sends her servant maid Fulla to warn the king Geirrï¿½d ï¿½Frigg's patronï¿½that a magician (actually Odin in disguise) will visit him. Fulla meets with Geirrï¿½d, gives the warning, and advises to him a means of detecting the magician: Benjamin Thorpe translation: Frigg sent her waiting-maid Fulla to bid Geirrï¿½d be on his guard, lest the trollmann who was coming should do him harm, and also say that a token whereby he might be known was, that no dog, however fierce, would attack him. [3] Prose Edda In chapter 35 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning , High provides brief descriptions of 16 ï¿½synjur . High lists Fulla fifth, stating that, like the goddess Gefjun , Fulla is a virgin , wears her hair flowing freely with a gold band around her head. High describes that Fulla carries Frigg's eski, looks after Frigg's footwear, and that in Fulla Frigg confides secrets. [4] In chapter 49 of Gylfaginning, High details that, after the death of the deity couple Baldr and Nanna , the god Hermï¿½ï¿½r wagers for their return in the underworld location of Hel . Hel , ruler of the location of the same name, tells Hermï¿½ï¿½r a way to resurrect Baldr, but will not allow Baldr and Nanna to leave until the deed is accomplished. Hel does, however, allow Baldr and Nanna to send gifts to the living; Baldr sends Odin the ring Draupnir , and Nanna sends Frigg a robe of linen, and "other gifts." Of these "other gifts" sent, the only specific item that High mentions is a finger-ring for Fulla. [5] The first chapter of the Prose Edda book Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l , Fulla is listed among eight ï¿½synjur who attend an evening drinking banquet held for ï¿½gir . [6] In chapter 19 of Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l, poetic ways to refer to Frigg are given, one of which is by referring to her as "queen [...] of Fulla." [7] In chapter 32, poetic expressions for gold are given, one of which includes "Fulla's snood ." [8] In chapter 36, a work by the skald Eyvindr skï¿½ldaspillir is cited that references Fulla's golden snood ("the falling sun [gold] of the plain [forehead] of Fulla's eyelashes shone on [...]"). [9] Fulla receives a final mention in the Prose Edda in chapter 75, where Fulla appears within a list of 27 ï¿½synjur names. [10] Friggï¿½s Son and Stepsons Balder is a god in Norse Mythology associated with light and beauty. Loki tricks Hï¿½ï¿½r into shooting Baldr . In the 12th century, Danish accounts by Saxo Grammaticus and other Danish Latin chroniclers recorded a euhemerized account of his story. Compiled in Iceland in the 13th century, but based on much older Old Norse poetry , the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda contain numerous references to the death of Baldr as both a great tragedy to the ï¿½sir and a harbinger of Ragnarï¿½k . According to Gylfaginning , a book of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda, Baldr's wife is Nanna and their son is Forseti . In Gylfaginning, Snorri relates that Baldr had the greatest ship ever built, named Hringhorni , and that there is no place more beautiful than his hall, Breidablik . Poetic Edda "Mï¿½mer and Balder Consulting the Norns" (1821-1822) by H. E. Freund . In the Poetic Edda the tale of Baldr's death is referred to rather than recounted at length. Among the visions which the Vï¿½lva sees and describes in the prophecy known as the Vï¿½luspï¿½ is one of the fatal mistletoe, the birth of Vï¿½li and the weeping of Frigg (stanzas 31-33). Yet looking far into the future the Vï¿½lva sees a brighter vision of a new world, when both Hï¿½ï¿½r and Baldr will come back (stanza 62). The Eddic poem Baldr's Dreams mentions that Baldr has bad dreams which the gods then discuss. Odin rides to Hel and awakens a seeress, who tells him Hï¿½ï¿½r will kill Baldr but Vali will avenge him (stanzas 9, 11). Prose Edda Hï¿½ï¿½r Hï¿½ï¿½r (often anglicized as Hod [1] ) is the brother of Baldr in Norse mythology . Guided by Loki he shot the mistletoe missile which was to slay the otherwise invulnerable Baldr. According to the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda the goddess Frigg made everything in existence swear never to harm Baldr, except for the mistletoe which she found too young to demand an oath from. The gods amused themselves by trying weapons on Baldr and seeing them fail to do any harm. Loki , upon finding out about Baldr's one weakness, made a missile from mistletoe, and helped Hï¿½ï¿½r shoot it at Baldr. After this Odin and the giantess Rindr gave birth to Vï¿½li who grew to adulthood within a day and slew Hï¿½ï¿½r. The Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus recorded an alternative version of this myth in his Gesta Danorum . In this version the mortal hero Hï¿½therus and the demi-god Balderus compete for the hand of Nanna . Ultimately Hï¿½therus slays Balderus. The Prose Edda In the Gylfaginning part of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda Hï¿½ï¿½r is introduced in an ominous way. Hï¿½ï¿½r heitir einn ï¿½ssinn, hann er blindr. ï¿½rit er hann styrkr, en vilja mundu goï¿½in at ï¿½enna ï¿½s ï¿½yrfti eigi at nefna, ï¿½vï¿½at hans handaverk munu lengi vera hï¿½fï¿½ at minnum meï¿½ goï¿½um ok mï¿½nnum. - Eysteinn Bjï¿½rnsson's edition "One of the ï¿½sir is named Hï¿½dr: he is blind. He is of sufficient strength, but the gods would desire that no occasion should rise of naming this god, for the work of his hands shall long be held in memory among gods and men." - Brodeur's translation Hï¿½ï¿½r is not mentioned again until the prelude to Baldr's death is described. All things except the mistletoe (believed to be harmless) have sworn an oath not to harm Baldr, so the ï¿½sir throw missiles at him for sport. En Loki tï¿½k mistiltein ok sleit upp ok gekk til ï¿½ings. En Hï¿½ï¿½r stï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½tarliga ï¿½ mannhringinum, ï¿½vï¿½at hann var blindr. ï¿½ï¿½ mï¿½lti Loki viï¿½ hann: "Hvï¿½ skï¿½tr ï¿½ï¿½ ekki at Baldri?" Hann svarar: "ï¿½vï¿½at ek sï¿½ eigi hvar Baldr er, ok ï¿½at annat at ek em vï¿½pnlauss." ï¿½ï¿½ mï¿½lti Loki: "Gerï¿½u ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ lï¿½king annarra manna ok veit Baldri sï¿½mï¿½ sem aï¿½rir menn. Ek mun vï¿½sa ï¿½ï¿½r til hvar hann stendr. Skjï¿½t at honum vendi ï¿½essum." Hï¿½ï¿½r tï¿½k mistiltein ok skaut at Baldri at tilvï¿½sun Loka. Flaug skotit ï¿½ gï¿½gnum hann ok fell hann dauï¿½r til jarï¿½ar. Ok hefir ï¿½at mest ï¿½happ verit unnit meï¿½ goï¿½um ok mï¿½nnum. - Eysteinn Bjï¿½rnsson's edition "Loki took the mistletoe and pulled it up and went to the Thing . Hï¿½dr stood outside the ring of men, because he was blind. Then spake Loki to him: 'Why dost thou not shoot at Baldr?' He answered: 'Because I see not where Baldr is; and for this also, that I am weaponless.' Then said Loki: 'Do thou also after the manner of other men, and show Baldr honor as the other men do. I will direct thee where he stands; shoot at him with this wand.' Hï¿½dr took mistletoe and shot at Baldr, being guided by Loki: the shaft flew through Baldr, and he fell dead to the earth; and that was the greatest mischance that has ever befallen among gods and men." - Brodeur's translation The Gylfaginning does not say what happens to Hï¿½ï¿½r after this. In fact it specifically states that Baldr cannot be avenged, at least not immediately. ï¿½ï¿½ er Baldr var fallinn, ï¿½ï¿½ fellusk ï¿½llum ï¿½sum orï¿½tï¿½k ok svï¿½ hendr at taka til hans, ok sï¿½ hverr til annars ok vï¿½ru allir meï¿½ einum hug til ï¿½ess er unnit hafï¿½i verkit. En engi mï¿½tti hefna, ï¿½ar var svï¿½ mikill griï¿½astaï¿½r. - Eysteinn Bjï¿½rnsson's edition "Then, when Baldr was fallen, words failed all the ï¿½sir, and their hands likewise to lay hold of him; each looked at the other, and all were of one mind as to him who had wrought the work, but none might take vengeance, so great a sanctuary was in that place." - Brodeur's translation It does seem, however, that Hï¿½ï¿½r ends up in Hel one way or another for the last mention of him in Gylfaginning is in the description of the post- Ragnarï¿½k world. ï¿½vï¿½ nï¿½st koma ï¿½ar Baldr ok Hï¿½ï¿½r frï¿½ Heljar, setjask ï¿½ï¿½ allir samt ok talask viï¿½ ok minnask ï¿½ rï¿½nar sï¿½nar ok rï¿½ï¿½a of tï¿½ï¿½indi ï¿½au er fyrrum hï¿½fï¿½u verit, of Miï¿½garï¿½sorm ok um Fenrisï¿½lf. - Eysteinn Bjï¿½rnsson's edition "After that Baldr shall come thither, and Hï¿½dr, from Hel; then all shall sit down together and hold speech with one another, and call to mind their secret wisdom, and speak of those happenings which have been before: of the Midgard Serpent and of Fenris-Wolf ." - Brodeur's translation Snorri's source of this knowledge is clearly Vï¿½luspï¿½ as quoted below. In the Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l section of the Prose Edda several kennings for Hï¿½ï¿½r are related. Hvernig skal kenna Hï¿½ï¿½? Svï¿½, at kalla hann blinda ï¿½s, Baldrs bana, skjï¿½tanda Mistilteins, son ï¿½ï¿½ins, Heljar sinna, Vï¿½la dï¿½lg. - Guï¿½ni Jï¿½nsson's edition "How should one periphrase Hï¿½dr? Thus: by calling him the Blind God, Baldr's Slayer, Thrower of the Mistletoe, Son of Odin, Companion of Hel, Foe of Vï¿½li." - Brodeur's translation None of those kennings, however, are actually found in surviving skaldic poetry . Neither are Snorri's kennings for Vï¿½li which are also of interest in this context. Hvernig skal kenna Vï¿½la? Svï¿½, at kalla hann son ï¿½ï¿½ins ok Rindar, stjï¿½pson Friggjar, brï¿½ï¿½ur ï¿½sanna, hefniï¿½s Baldrs, dï¿½lg Haï¿½ar ok bana hans, byggvanda fï¿½ï¿½urtï¿½fta. - Guï¿½ni Jï¿½nsson's edition "How should Vï¿½li be periphrased? Thus: by calling him Son of Odin and Rindr, Stepson of Frigg, Brother of the ï¿½sir, Baldr's Avenger, Foe and Slayer of Hï¿½dr, Dweller in the Homesteads of the Fathers." - Brodeur's translation It is clear from this that Snorri was familiar with the role of Vï¿½li as Hï¿½ï¿½r's slayer, even though he does not relate that myth in the Gylfaginning prose. Scholars have speculated that he found it distasteful since Hï¿½ï¿½r is essentially innocent in his version of the story. The Poetic Edda Hï¿½ï¿½r is referred to several times in the Poetic Edda , always in the context of Baldr's death. The following strophes are from Vï¿½luspï¿½ . Ek sï¿½ Baldri, Hermï¿½ï¿½r the Brave ( Old Norse "war-spirit" [1] ) is a figure in Norse mythology . Prose Edda Hermï¿½ï¿½r appears distinctly in section 49 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning . There, it is described that the gods were speechless and devastated at the death of Baldr, unable to react due to their grief. After the gods gathered their wits from the immense shock and grief of Baldr's death, Frigg asked the ï¿½sir who amongst them wished "to gain all of her love and favor" [2] by riding the road to Hel . Whomever agreed was to offer Hel a ransom in exchange for Baldr's return to Asgard. Hermï¿½ï¿½r agrees to this and set off with Sleipnir to Hel. Hermï¿½ï¿½r rode Odin's horse Sleipnir for nine nights through deep and dark valleys to the Gjï¿½ll bridge covered with shining gold, the bridge being guarded by the maiden Mï¿½ï¿½guï¿½r 'Battle-frenzy' or 'Battle-tired'. Mï¿½ï¿½guï¿½r told Hermï¿½ï¿½r that Baldr had already crossed the bridge and that Hermï¿½ï¿½r should ride downwards and northwards. Upon coming to Hel's gate, Hermï¿½ï¿½r dismounted, tightened Sleipnir's girth, mounted again, and spurred Sleipnir so that Sleipnir leapt entirely over the gate. So at last Hermï¿½ï¿½r came to Hel's hall and saw Baldr seated in the most honorable seat. Hermï¿½ï¿½r begged Hel to release Baldr, citing the great weeping for Baldr among the ï¿½sir . Thereupon Hel announced that Baldr would only be released if all things, dead and alive, wept for him. Baldr gave Hermï¿½ï¿½r the ring Draupnir which had been burned with him on his pyre, to take back to Odin. Nanna gave a linen robe for Frigg along with other gifts and a finger-ring for Fulla . Thereupon Hermï¿½ï¿½r returned with his message. Hermï¿½ï¿½r is called "son" of Odin in most manuscripts, while in the Codex Regius versionï¿½normally considered the best manuscriptï¿½Hermï¿½ï¿½r is called sveinn ï¿½ï¿½ins 'Odin's boy', which in the context is as likely to mean 'Odin's servant'. However Hermï¿½ï¿½r in a later passage is called Baldr's brother and also appears as son of Odin in a list of Odin's sons. See Sons of Odin . Poetic Edda The name Hermï¿½d seems to be applied to a mortal hero in the eddic poem Hyndluljï¿½ï¿½ (stanza 2): The favor of Heerfather seek we to find, To his followers gold he gladly gives; To Hermï¿½d gave he helm and mail-coat, And to Sigmund he gave a sword as gift. Heerfather is a name for Odin. Skaldic poetry In the skaldic poem Hï¿½konarmï¿½l (stanza 14) Hermï¿½ï¿½r and Bragi appear in Valhalla receiving Hï¿½kon the Good . It is not certain that either Hermï¿½ï¿½r or Bragi is intended to be a god in this poem. Beowulf In the Old English poem Beowulf , Heremod is a Danish king who was driven into exile and in Old English genealogies Heremod appears appropriately as one of the descendants of Sceafa and usually as the father of Scyld . Theories Accordingly, it is debated whether Hermï¿½ï¿½r might not have been the name of one or more ancient heroes or kings as well as the name of a god or whether the god mentioned by Snorri was in origin the same as an ancient hero or king named Hermï¿½ï¿½r. Viktor Rydberg theorizes that Hermod is in fact ï¿½ï¿½r, Freyja's husband, the same as Svipdag of Fjolsvinsmal and Skirnir of Skirnismal. He acts as a messenger of the gods, and like Odin himself, rides Sleipnir. As a mortal hero, ï¿½ï¿½r enters Valhal. His myth is an Odinic initiation. In Svipdagsmal, his mother sings 9 spells over him to keep him safe on his way. He enters the land of the giants, rescues Freyja, and returns her to Asgard. Then he goes in quest of a sword found in the underworld, at the base of the world-tree, and struggles to bring it back to Asgard. He alone can do it. Odin (Fjolsviï¿½r, cp. Grimnismal 47) meets him at the gate. As Skirnir, he goes back to Jotunheim in quest of Gerd on behalf of his brother-in-law Frey. Again, he carries the same sword. In the Edda, when the other gods are speechless, Herm-ï¿½ï¿½r alone acts. He mounts Sleipnir and rides to Hel in search of Baldur. Odin makes the same trip in the poem Baldur's Dreams. Both see Baldur's palace there, which is most likely Mimisholt (Vafthrudnismal 45). Odr-rerir, the name of the poetic mead, and of Mimir's well, means "the ï¿½ï¿½r-stirrer", "the ï¿½ï¿½r-mover". It forms a part of the name Herm-ï¿½ï¿½r. In Beowulf Heremod is first mentioned by a bard immediately after the bard tells an episode from the life of the hero Sigmund and his nephew Fitela . In the Old Norse Eirï¿½ksmï¿½l it is Sigmund and his nephew Sinfjï¿½tli (= Fitela) who are sent to greet the dead King Eirï¿½k Bloodaxe and welcome him to Valhalla while in the Hï¿½konarmï¿½l it is Bragi and Hermï¿½ï¿½r who are sent to greet King Hï¿½kon the Good in the same situation, potentially suggesting an equivalence between the two was seen.[ citation needed ] In Hyndluljï¿½ï¿½ (stanza 2) Hermï¿½ï¿½r and Sigmund are again paralleled: To Hermï¿½d gave he helm and mail-coat, And to Sigmund he gave a sword as gift. Friggï¿½s Stepchildren H. R. Ellis Davidson proposes a link between Heimdall and the Vanir [1] as do some others, partly based on stanza 15 of the Poetic Edda poem ï¿½rymskviï¿½a : Then Heimdall spoke, whitest of the ï¿½sir, Like the other Vanir he knew the future well. However other can be also translated even, which would mean instead that Heimdall had foresight "even" as do the Vanir. Davidson also notes a connection with Freyja , given that one of her names, Mardoll, matches his, with mar meaning "sea" and heim meaning "earth". [1] Prose Edda A depiction of valkyries encountering the god Heimdallr as they carry a dead man to Valhalla (1906) by Lorenz Frï¿½lich . Hï¿½sdrï¿½pa and Heimdallargaldr The lost Heimdallargaldr may have contained the following adventure which was also referenced in ï¿½lfr Uggason 's skaldic poem Hï¿½sdrï¿½pa of which only fragments are preserved: Once, Freyja woke up and found that someone had stolen Brisingamen . Heimdall helped her search for it and eventually found the thief, who turned out to be Loki and they fought in the form of seals at Vï¿½gasker 'Wave-skerry' and Singasteinn, wherever they may be. Heimdall won and returned Brisingamen to Freyja. Theories Heimdall depicted with Gjallarhorn by Lorenz Frï¿½lich. Georges Dumï¿½zil considers Heimdall an old Indo-European god, a type of god he calls first god which is different from being the highest god. The Thessalian god of Romans Janus would be the Roman reflex to this concept. But there are other first gods. Heimdall is also a frame god, one who appears at the beginning and remains until the end. [2] Dumï¿½zil suggested that the Hindu counterpart was the god Dyaus , one of the eight Vasus , who reincarnated as the frame hero Bhishma in the epic Mahabharata , he and his seven brothers being born to a mortal king by the River Ganges who herself had taken on mortal form. But the seven other brothers are returned to their immortal forms by being drowned by their mother immediately after birth. [2] Only Dyaus was compelled to live a full life on earth in the form of Bhishma. Bhishma is destined to never hold power himself or have any direct descendants but acts as an ageless uncle on behalf of the line of lords that tortuously descend from his half-brothers, including finally the five Pandava brothers who represent four classes of society: royalty, noble warrior, lower class club-bearing warrior, and herdsmen. Bhishma is the last to die in the great battle of Kurukshetra . [2] However Branston (1980) considers Heimdall to correspond to the Vedic Agni god of fire, who in many Vedic texts is born from the waters or hides within the waters and who is born from two, seven, nine, and ten mothers in various sources, the ten mothers being sometimes explained as the ten fingers which can manipulate a bore-stick to produce fire. This accords with Viktor Rydberg's theories on Heimdall. Friggï¿½s Stepchildren Tysnes , Norway - Tyr's Headland Personal names A number of Icelandic male names are derived from Tï¿½r. Apart from Tï¿½r itself: Angantï¿½r, Bryntï¿½r, Hjï¿½lmtï¿½r, Hrafntï¿½r, Sigtï¿½r, Valtï¿½r and Vigtï¿½r. When Tï¿½r is used in this way, joined to another name, it takes on a more general meaning of "a god" instead of referring to the god Tï¿½r. For example, the meaning of a name such as Hrafntï¿½r (hrafn means raven) is raven-god, god of the ravens. This would be a reference to Odin, who is the god of the ravens. Another case would be Valtï¿½r, which means god of the slain, which is also a reference to Odin. In Visigothic Spain the germanic name "Gudesteo/Godesteo" or "Gustios" that remained common during the Middle Ages,seems to have an etymology in the words Goth or Gud/god and the "Thew" root,as it's in many other germanic names.The Visigoth tribal division of Tervingi has their name probably based on this divinity. Friggï¿½s Stepchildren Vidar A depiction of Vï¿½ï¿½arr stabbing Fenrir while holding his jaws apart (1908) by W. G. Collingwood , inspired by the Gosforth Cross . In Norse mythology , Vï¿½ï¿½arr ( Old Norse , possibly "wide ruler" [1] , sometimes anglicized as Vidar, Vithar, Vidarr, and Vitharr) is a god among the ï¿½sir associated with vengeance. Vï¿½ï¿½arr is described as the son of Odin and the jï¿½tunn Grï¿½ï¿½r , and is foretold to avenge his father's death by killing the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarï¿½k , a conflict which he is described as surviving. Vï¿½ï¿½arr is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson , and is interpreted as depicted with Fenrir on the Gosforth Cross . A number of theories surround the figure, including theories around potential ritual silence and a Proto-Indo-European basis. Attestations and there the son proclaims on his horse's back that he's keen to avenge his father. [4] According to Lokasenna , Loki rebukes the gods at the start of the poem for not properly welcoming him to the feast at ï¿½gir's hall. In stanza 10, Odin finally relents to the rules of hospitality, urging Vï¿½ï¿½arr to stand and pour a drink for the quarrelsome guest. Vï¿½ï¿½arr does so, and then Loki toasts the ï¿½sir before beginning his flyting . [5] Prose Edda Vï¿½ï¿½arr is referenced in the Prose Edda books Gylfaginning and Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l : Gylfaginning A depiction of Vï¿½ï¿½arr defeating Fenrir (1895) by Lorenz Frï¿½lich. Vï¿½ï¿½arr is referenced in the book Gylfaginning in chapters 29, 51, and 53. In chapter 29, Vï¿½ï¿½arr is introduced by the enthroned figure of High as "the silent god" with a thick shoe, that he is nearly as strong as the god Thor , and that the gods rely on him in times of immense difficulties. [6] In chapter 51, High foretells that, during Ragnarï¿½k, the wolf Fenrir will devour Odin, Vï¿½ï¿½arr will avenge him by stepping down with one foot on the lower jaw of the monster, grabbing his upper jaw in one hand and tearing his mouth apart, killing him. Vï¿½ï¿½arr's "thick shoe" is described as consisting of all the extra leather pieces that people have cut from their own shoes at the toe and heel, collected by the god throughout all time. Therefore, anyone who is concerned enough to give assistance to the gods should throw these pieces away. [7] In chapter 54, following Ragnarï¿½k and the rebirth of the world, Vï¿½ï¿½arr along with his brother Vï¿½li will have survived both the swelling of the sea and the fiery conflagration unleashed by Surtr , completely unharmed, and shall thereafter dwell on the field Iï¿½avï¿½llr , "where the city of Asgard had previously been". [8] Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l According to Skï¿½ldskaparmï¿½l , Vï¿½ï¿½arr was one of the twelve presiding male gods seated in their thrones at a banquet for the visiting ï¿½gir . [9] At a point in dialogue between the skaldic god Bragi and ï¿½gir, Snorri himself begins speaking of the myths in euhemeristic terms and states that the historical equivalent of Vï¿½ï¿½arr was the Trojan hero Aeneas who survived the Trojan War and went on to achieve "great deeds". [10] Later in the book, various kennings are given for Vï¿½ï¿½arr, including again the "silent As ", "possessor of the iron shoe", "enemy and slayer of Fenrisulf ", "the gods' avenging As", "father's homestead-inhabiting As", "son of Odin", and "brother of the ï¿½sir". [11] In the tale of the god Thor 's visit to the hall of the jï¿½tunn Geirrï¿½d , Grï¿½ï¿½r is stated as the mother of "Vï¿½ï¿½arr the Silent" who assists Thor in his journey. [12] In chapter 33, after returning from Asgard and feasting with the gods, ï¿½gir invites the gods to come to his hall in three months. Fourteen gods make the trip to attend the feast, including Vï¿½ï¿½arr. [13] In chapter 75, Vï¿½ï¿½arr's name appears twice in a list of ï¿½sir. [14] Archaeological record Detail from the Gosforth Cross. The mid-11th century Gosforth Cross , located in Cumbria , England, has been described as depicting a combination of scenes from the Christian Judgement Day and the pagan Ragnarï¿½k. [15] The cross features various figures depicted in Borre style , including a man with a spear facing a monstrous head, one of whose feet is thrust into the beast's forked tongue and on its lower jaw, while a hand is placed against its upper jaw, a scene interpreted as Vï¿½ï¿½arr fighting Fenrir. [15] This depiction has been theorized as a metaphor for Christ's defeat of Satan. [16] Theories A depiction of Vï¿½ï¿½arr and Vï¿½li (1892) by Axel Kulle. Theories have been proposed that Vï¿½ï¿½arr's silence may derive from a ritual silence or other abstentions which often accompany acts of vengeance, as for example in Vï¿½luspï¿½ and Baldrs draumar when Vï¿½li, conceived for the sole purpose of avenging Baldr 's death, abstains from washing his hands and combing his hair "until he brought Baldr's adversary to the funeral pyre". [17] Parallels have been drawn between chapter 31 of Tacitus ' 1st century CE work Germania where Tacitus describes that members of the Chatti , a Germanic tribe , may not shave or groom before having first slain an enemy. [18] Georges Dumï¿½zil theorized that Vï¿½ï¿½arr represents a cosmic figure from an archetype derived from the Proto-Indo-Europeans . [19] Dumï¿½zil stated that he was aligned with both vertical space, due to his placement of his foot on the wolf's lower jaw and his hand on the wolf's upper jaw, and horizontal space, due to his wide step and strong shoe, and that, by killing the wolf, Vï¿½ï¿½arr keeps the wolf from destroying the cosmos, and the cosmos can thereafter be restored after the destruction resulting from Ragnarï¿½k . [19] Friggï¿½s Stepchildren	i don't know
'Prince', 'Spandau Ballet', Beverley Knight and 'East 17' have all had hits with songs with which title?	Popular Songs With Gold In The Title at Tunecaster Top Rock Songs With Color In The Title Song Criteria For This Page To be included on this popular songs list, a song with a color in the title must have received some measure of popularity since 1950, with a few very significant older songs. These are songs you know or may know, and not obscure album tracks. Of course, all the chart hits are here. If you think another song should be included, let us know. Reduce this list of songs to include only pop and rock hits and the biggest rock classics before 1980. Top Pop Gold Songs	Gold (TV channel)
From which city does the French stew 'Bouillabaisse' originate?	Post your CD/Record/mp3 Collection! Post your CD/Record/mp3 Collection! . Okay, I just finished making additions to mine today. Has anyone else ever bothered to do this? I mean, when you have even MORE time on your hands than you do right now, messing around on the org? Seriously, it's quite nice to have once it's done. I will post mine if someone else does first. I'm getting the feeling no one else has done this except me. Aw to hell with it...here's my CD collection: ___ Aaliyah - I Care 4 U (best of compilation w/ new tracks) Air - Moon Safari Amos, Tori - Boys For Pele Amos, Tori - Little Earthquake's Amos, Tori - To Venus and Back Amos, Tori - Under the Pink Anthology of American Folk Music - Ballads, Social Music & Songs - Various Artists Apple, Fiona - Tidal Apple, Fiona - When The Pawn Arrested Development - 3 Years, 5 Months, 2 Days In the Life of... 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(Select Magazine 3-song compilation) Beck - Loser (single) Beck - Nobody's Fault But My Own (single) Beck - Odelay Beck - Odelay Era - Smiley Live Bootleg Beck - One Foot in the Grave Beck - Rare #1 Beefheart and His Magic Band, Captain - Safe as Milk Beefheart and His Magic Band, Captain - Trout Mask Replica Beta Band - The Three EPs Bis - Social Dancing Bjork - Debut Remixes (for people who don't buy white labels) Bjork - Homogenic Black Crowes, The - A Conspiracy (single) Black Grape - Its Great When You're Straight...Yeah! Blake Babies - Innocence and Experience Blake Babies - Sunburn Blues Collection, The - Vol 1 Blues Collection, The - Vol 2 Blues Collection, The - Vol 3 Blues Collection, The - Vol 4 Blues Explosion, The Jon Spencer - Experimental Remixes Blues Explosion, The Jon Spencer - Rocketship (single) Blur - Blur Bodyguard, The - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Various Artists Breeders, The - The Last Splash Bridge School Concerts, The - Vol 1 - Various Artists Brown, James - Live at the Apollo Vol 1 Brown, James - Live at the Apollo Vol 2 Buckley, Jeff - Grace Buckley, Jeff - Live at L'Olympia Buckley, Jeff - Mystery White Boy Buckley, Jeff - Sketches for My Sweetheart the Drunk Buffalo 66 - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Various Artists Buffet, Jimmy - Songs You Know By Heart (best of compilation) Burnside, R.L. - Come On In Burroughs, William S and Kurt Cobain - The "Priest" They Called Him (single) Butthole Surfers - Independent Worm Saloon Can - Ege Bamyasi Cardigans, The - The First Band on the Moon Carey, Mariah - Make It Happen (single) Catatonia - Equally Cursed and Blessed Catatonia - International Velvet Celibate Rifles - The Turgid Miasma of Existence Charlie Parker - Definitive Charlie Parker (Ken Burns Jazz series) Chemical Brothers - Exit Planet Dust Chemical Brothers, The - Surrender Chicago (the musical) - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack movie musical) al) - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Cibo Matto - Viva! La Woman Clapton, Eric - Slowhand Cohen, Leonard - The Best Of Cohen, Leonard - The Future Coltrane, John - A Love Supreme Costello, Elvis & the Attractions - This Year's Model Cranberries, The - Salvation (single) Crowded House - Recurring Dream - The Very Best of Crowded House Cure, The - Standing on a Beach - The Singles Custard - Wisenheimer Dangerous Minds - Music from the Motion Picture - Various Artists Davis, Miles - Amandla Davis, Miles - Birth Of the Cool, The Complete Davis, Miles - Doo-Bop Davis, Miles - Kind Of Blue Davis, Miles - Rebirth of the Cool Davis, Miles - The Essential Miles Davis Davis, Miles - Tutu Davis, Miles/Coltrane, John - Compilation (Take 2 Series) De La Soul - Art Official Intelligence: Mosaic Thump De La Soul - Buhloone Mind State De La Soul - De La Soul is Dead De La Soul - Three Feet High and Rising + Bonus Disc Dead Kennedys - Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables Dead Kennedys - Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death Derek and the Dominoes - Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs Di Franco and Utah Phillips, Ani - Fellow Workers Di Franco, Ani - Dilate Di Franco, Ani - Little Plastic Castle Di Franco, Ani - Not A Pretty Girl Dido - No Angel Doors, The - The Best of the Doors Dr Octagon - Dr Octagonecologyst Drake, Nick - Way To Blue - An Introduction to Nice Drake Dungeon Family - Even In Darkness Dvorak/Elgar Cello Concertos Dylan, Bob - Bootleg Series - Vol 4 - Live 1966 Dylan, Bob - Desire Dylan, Bob - The Bootleg Series 1961-1991 - Vol 1 Dylan, Bob - The Bootleg Series 1961-1991 - Vol 2 Dylan, Bob - The Bootleg Series 1961-1991 - Vol 3 Dylan, Bob - The Essential Bob Dylan Elastica - The Menace Elliott, Missy - Miss E...So Addictive Eno, Brian - Ambient 4 - On Land Everything Is Beautiful - Various Artists Faith No More - Album of the Year Faith No More - Angel Dust Faith No More - Easy (single) Faith No More - King For a Day, Fool For a Lifetime Faith No More - The Real Thing Faith No More - Who Cares A Lot? (best of compilation) Fantomas - Fantomas Flaming Lips, The - The Soft Bulletin Flaming Lips, The - Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots Flying Burrito Brothers - Gilded Palace of Sin, The/Burrito Deluxe Folk Implosion - One Part Lullaby Foo Fighters - Foo Fighters Foo Fighters - The Colour and the Shape Foo Fighters - This Is a Call (single) Forest for the Trees - Forest for the Trees Franklin, Aretha - The Best Of Franklin, Aretha - The Very Best of Aretha Franklin Vol 1 Franklin, Aretha - The Very Best of Aretha Franklin Vol 2 Frente - Marvin the Album + (includes bonus EP and extra tracks) Fugees, The - Score, The Handsome Boy Modelling School - So...How's Your Girl? - Prince Paul, Dan the Automator and Various Artists Harper, Ben - The Will to Live Harper, Ben - Welcome to the Cruel World Harvey, PJ - Dry Harvey, PJ - Is This Desire? Harvey, PJ - Rid of Me Harvey, PJ - Stories From the City, Stories From the Sea Harvey, PJ - To Bring You My Love Hatfield, Juliana - Beautiful Creature Hatfield, Juliana - Become What You Are Hatfield, Juliana - Bed Hatfield, Juliana - Do Not Disturb Hatfield, Juliana - Every Breath You Take (Bonus CD) Hatfield, Juliana - Hey Babe Hatfield, Juliana - Total System Failure Hendrix - Live at the Fillmore East Hendrix (A Tribute To), Jimi - Stone Free - Various Artists Hendrix Experience, The Jimi - Are You Experienced? Hendrix Experience The Jimi Experience, The Jimi - Axis: Bold As Love Hendrix Experience, The Jimi - Electric Ladyland Hendrix Experience, The Jimi - Jimi Plays Monterey Hendrix Experience, The Jimi - Live at Winterland Hendrix Experience, The Jimi - Radio One Hendrix Reference Library, The Jimi - Rhythm Hendrix Story, The Jimi - 1 Hendrix Story, The Jimi - 2 Hendrix Story, The Jimi - 3 Hendrix Story, The Jimi - 4 Hendrix, (The Music of) Jimi - In From the Storm - Various Artists Hendrix, Jimi - Band of Gypsys Hendrix, Jimi - Blues Hendrix, Jimi - First Rays of the New Rising Sun Hendrix, Jimi - Hendrix Speaks - The Jimi Hendrix Interviews Hendrix, Jimi - Jimi Hendrix Live Hendrix, Jimi - Live - Isle of Wight Hendrix, Jimi - Masterpieces (bootleg) Hendrix, Jimi - South Saturn Delta Hendrix, Jimi - The Cry of Love Hendrix, Jimi - The Jimi Hendrix Experience (boxed set) Hendrix, Jimi - The Jimi Hendrix Gold Collection (bootleg) Hendrix, Jimi - The Ultimate Experience Hendrix, Jimi - Voodoo Soup Hill, Lauryn - The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill Hitchcock, Robyn - Uncorrected Personality Traits - The Robyn Hitchcock Collection Hole - Live Through This Hooker, John Lee - Boogie Man (The Blues Collection) Hot - Select Magazine Compilation - Various Artists Jackson, Janet - Design of a Decade 1986-1996 Jackson, Janet - Janet Jackson, Janet - The Velvet Rope Jackson, Michael - Bad (Special Edition) Jackson, Michael - Blood On the Dancefloor (EP) Jackson, Michael - Dangerous (Special Edition) Jackson, Michael - History Jackson, Michael - Off the Wall (Special Edition) Jackson, Michael - Thriller (Special Edition) Jacksons, The - Destiny Jamiroquai - Emergency on Planet Earth Jamiroquai - Return of the Space Cowboy Jerky Boys, The - Jerky Boys 4 Jewel - Pieces of You Joel, Billy - River of Dreams Johnson, Robert - The Complete Recordings - Vol 1 Johnson, Robert - The Complete Recordings - Vol 2 Jones, Norah - Come Away With Me Joplin, Janis - Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits Kelly, Paul - 4-track EP (Weekend Australian Magazine) Kerouac - Kicks, Joy, Darkness - Various Artists Kiss - Greatest Kiss Kool and the Gang - The Best of, 1969-1976 Kool Keith - Black Elvis/Lost In Space Kuti, Fela - Opposite People/Tears and Blood Kuti, Fela - The Best Best Of Fela Kuti Led Zeppelin - Box Set 2 - Disc 1 Led Zeppelin - Box Set 2 - Disc 2 Led Zeppelin - Early Days Lemonheads - It's A Shame About Ray Lemonheads, The - Come On Feel the Lemonheads Lemonheads, The - Car Button Cloth Lemonheads, The - Its About Time (single) Lennon, John - Imagine Lennon, John - Plastic Ono Band Lennon, John & Yoko Ono - Double Fantasy Living Colour - Time's Up Phair, Liz - Exile In Guyville Phair, Liz - Whip Smart Pharcyde, The - Bizarre Ride II The Pharcyde Phoenix Sampler Vol 2 - Various Artists Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon Pink Floyd - Echoes - The Best of Pink Floyd Pink Floyd - Live (bootleg) Pink FLoyd - Piper at The Gates of Dawn Pink Floyd - The Wall Pink Floyd - Wish You Were Here Pixies, The - Bossanova Pixies, The - Death to the Pixies Pixies, The - Doolittle Pixies, The - Pixies At the BBC Pixies, The - Surfer Rosa Platoon - The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack and Music from the Era - Various Artists Pop, Iggy - Lust for Life (single) Pop, Iggy - Nude & Rude (best of compilation) Pop, Iggy - The Best Of Live Portishead - Dummy Presidents of the United States of America - Lump (single) Primal Scream - Exterminator Primus - Tales From the Punchbowl Prince - (ftg. Vanessa Mae) - Xpectation Prince - 1999 Prince - Batman - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Prince - Black Album, The Prince - Scandalous Sex Suite (EP), The Prince - Sign O The O The Times Movie Soundtrack (homemade) Prince - Sign of the Times O the Times Prince - Small Club (bootleg) Prince - Vault...Old Friends For Sale, The Prince & Eric Leeds - Madhouse - 16 Prince & Eric Leeds - Madhouse - 8 Prince & Related Artists compilation - 1800-NEWFUNK - Various Artists Prince and the New Power Generation - Diamonds and Pearls Prince and the New Power Generation - One Nite Alone...LIVE! Prince and the New Power Generation - Symbol Prince and the Revolution - Around the World in a Day Prince and the Revolution - Parade - Music from Under the Cherry Moon Prince and the Revolution - Purple Rain - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Prince produced & performed by - Jill Jones - Jill Jones Prince produced & performed by - Vanity 6 - Vanity 6 Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - Chaos and Disorder Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - Crystal Ball Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - New Power Generation, The - New Power Soul Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - Rave Un2 The Joy Fantastic Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - Rave Un2 the Year 2000 Soundtrack (homemade) Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - The Gold Experience Prince, The Artist Formerly Known As - The NPG Orchestra - Kamasutra Prodigy, The - Music for the Jilted Generation Public Enemy - Fear of a Black Planet Pulp - Countdown REM - Automatic for the People REM - Monster REM - New Adventures in Hi-Fi REM - Out Of Time REM - The Best of REM REM - Up REM - What's the Frequency Kenneth (single) Revolting Cocks - Linger Ficken Good Rhymes, Busta - The Coming Rolling Stones, The - Exile on Main Street Roots, The - Things Fall Apart Ross and the Supremes, Diana - Anthology Sade - The Best of Sade Santana - Abraxas Score, The - "20 ultra-cool soundtracks from the producers of MOJO magazine" - Various Artists Scott, Jill - Who is Jill Scott? Words & Sounds Vol 1 Secret Chiefs 3 - Hurlqalya - Second Constitution and By-Laws Sepultura - Roots Sex Pistols - Kiss This (best of) Simon & Garfunkel - The Definitive Singles - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Various Artists Sly and the Family Stone - There's A Riot Goin' On Smashing Pumpkins - Gish Smashing Pumpkins, The - Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness Smith, Elliott - Either/Or Smith, Elliott - Figure 8 Smith, Elliott - X.O. Smith, Kevin - An Evening With Kevin Smith excerpt - "What It's Really Like to Work with Prince" Smith, Patti - LAND (1975-2002) Sony Music and Juice Magazine Presents Music for '94 - Various Artists Spiderbait - Sam Gribbles (single) Spiderbait - The Unfinished Spanish Galleon of Finley Lake Spin Doctors - Pocket Full of Kryptonite Stevie Ray Vaughan - Live (bootleg) Stone, Angie - Black Diamond Strung Out - The Now Sound - Various Artists (Guitar World compilation) Sub Pop 200 - Various Artists Supergrass - I Should Coco Supergrass - In It For the Money Supergrass - Life on Other Planets Supergrass - Supergrass Tank Girl - Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack They Might Be Giants - Boss of Me (bonus single with "No!" album) They Might Be Giants - Factory Showroom They Might Be Giants - Flood They Might Be Giants - John Henry They Might Be Giants - Mink Car They Might Be Giants - No! They Might Be Giants - Sever Tire Damage (live) They Might Be Giants - Then: The Earlier Years Tool - Aenima Travelling Wiburys, The - Vol 3 Tribe Called Quest, A - The Anthology Tricky - Blowback Unconditionally Guaranteed 2000 - 7 - Various Artists (Uncut Magazine) Uncut - 17 Track Guide to the Month's Best Music - Various Artists Uncut - 19 Track Guide to the Month's Best Music - Various Artists Vangelis - Blade Runner - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Various Artists - Erica's Dad's Oldies Mix #1 Various Artists - Erica's Dad's Oldies Mix #2 Various Artists - Erica's Dad's Oldies Mix #3 Various Artists - Erica's Dad's Oldies Mix #4 Vega, Suzanne - Tried and True - The Best of Suzanne Vega Velvet Underground and Nico, The - The Velvet Underground and Nico Verve, The - Urban Hyms Violent Femmes - Add It Up (1981-1993 best of complilation) Violent Femmes - New Times Waits, Tom - Beautiful Maladies - The Island Years Waits, Tom - Mule Variations Washington, Dinah - Mad About the Boy - The Best of Dinah Washington Waters, Muddy - Chicago Blues (The Blues Collection) Ween - Push the Lil' Daisies (EP) Ween - The Pod Weezer - Weezer (the blue album) Weezer - Weezer (the green album) Wilco - Being There Wonder Boys, The - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Various Artists Wonder, Stevie - Innervisions Wonder, Stevie - Songs in the Key of Life Wonder, Stevie - Talking Book Yardbirds ftg Eric Clapton, The - Straight Five You Am I - Hourly Daily Zappa, Frank - Apostrophe Zappa, Frank - Joe's Garage Acts I, II & III Zappa, Frank - Lather Zappa, Frank - London Symphony Orchestra Zappa, Frank - Make a Jazz Noise Here Zappa, Frank - Over-nite Sensation Zappa, Frank - Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch Zappa, Frank - Strictly Commercial Zappa, Frank - The Best Band You Never Heard In Your Life Zappa, Frank - The Lost Episodes Zappa, Frank - The Yellow Shark Zappa, Frank/The Mothers - The Grand Wazoo Zappa, Frank/The Mothers of Invention - Absolutely Free Zappa, Frank/The Mothers of Invention - One Size Fits All Zappa, Frank/The Mothers of Invention - Weasels Ripped My Flesh Zappa, Frank/The Mothers of Invention - We're Only In It For the Money Zorn, John - Naked City I Adore Mi Amor / All For Love / I Wanna Sex U Up - Color Me Badd Ready Or Not - Delfonics Wrapped Up In U - Garth Brooks Shotgun - Jr. Walker Double Dutch Bus (12") - Frankie Smith Strokin' - Clarence Carter U Dont Know (Instrumental) - Jay Z Find The One Who Loves U - Black Ivory Where Hav All Flowers Gone? - The Spinners She Swalloed It - NWA Beat Box (rare original) - Art Of Noise Dream Merchant - New Birth Mutiny - Prince damn, im tired already...2 much stuff i hav Download all the shit hop that you can for your kids, neices, nephews, and their friends also. That will prevent them from going out and buying it and will prevent some shit hop sales. Every little bit helps - Andy Sheryl Crow - Tuesday Night Music Club Sheryl Crow - Sheryl Crow Sheryl Crow - The Globe Sessions Sheryl Crow - C'mon C'mon Curiosity Killed The Cat - Greatest Hits Taylor Dayne - Greatest Hits Sammy Davis Jnr. - Very Best Of Terence Trent D'Arby - Early Works Terence Trent D'Arby - Introducing The Hardline According To... Terence Trent D'Arby - Neither Fish Nor Flesh Terence Trent D'Arby - Symphony or Damn Terence Trent D'Arby - Vibrator Terence Trent D'Arby - Wildcard: Jokers Edition Terence Trent D'Arby - Greatest Hits (2 CD) Deee-Lite - World Clique Destiny's Child - The Writing's On The Wall Duran Duran - Duran Duran Duran Duran - Seven And The Ragged Tiger Duran Duran - Rio Marvin Gaye - What's Goin' On Marvin Gaye - The Very Best Of Marvin Gaye - I Heard It Through The Grapevyne (Live album) Generation X - Perfect Hits 1975-1981 Debbie Gibson - Greatest Hits Grace - If I Could Fly Guns n' Roses - Appetite For Destruction Guns n' Roses - Use Your Illusion I Guns n' Roses - Use Your Illusion II Chesney Hawkes - The One & Only (Japanese) Darren Hayes - Spin Bill Hicks - Rant In E Minor Bill Hicks - Arizona Bay Lauryn Hill - MTV Unplugged 2.0 Hootie & The Blowfish - Cracked Rear View Hue & Cry - Best Of Huey Lewis & The News - Greatest Hits Whitney Houston - Whitney Whitney Houston - I'm Your Baby Tonight Whitney Houston - The Bodyguard Janet Jackson - Rhythm Nation 1814 Janet Jackson - Janet Janet Jackson - Design of a Decade Janet Jackson - The Velvet Rope Janet Jackson - All For You Michael Jackson - Got To Be There Michael Jackson - Ben Michael Jackson - Ben (Ltd. Edition "Rats" cover) Michael Jackson - Music & Me (Spectrum release) (+MC) Michael Jackson - Music & Me Michael Jackson - Love Songs (with Diana Ross) Michael Jackson - Off The Wall (+MD) Michael Jackson - Off The Wall - Special Edition Michael Jackson - Thriller (+ MC) Michael Jackson - Thriller - Special Edition Michael Jackson - E.T. The Extra Terrestrial Storybook Michael Jackson - Farewell My Summer Love Michael Jackson - Bad (+ Original CD, MC x2) Michael Jackson - Bad - Special Edition Michael Jackson - Dangerous (+ MC, MD) Michael Jackson - Dangerous - Limited Edition Pop-Up Cover Michael Jackson - Dangerous - Special Edition Michael Jackson - HIStory Past, Present & Future Book 1 (+ MC, MD) Michael Jackson - Blood on the Dancefloor Michael Jackson - Invincible (+ MD, LP, 5 coloured CDs) Michael Jackson - Bad & Dangerous But Innocent (the mixes) Michael Jackson - Bad Tour - Yokahama - 26-9-87 Michael Jackson - The Music of Michael Jackson (instrumentals) Michael Jackson - Love Songs (2002, Motown) Rebbie Jackson - Yours Faithfully Jamiroquai - Emergency on Planet Earth Jamiroquai - Return Of The Space Cowboy Puff Johnson - Miracle Various Artists - Best Hip Hop Anthems Ever Various Artists - The Ultimate 80s Various Artists - Black Energy (x2) Various Artists - Millennium Hip Hop Party Various Artists - Rap Flavas Various Artists - No. 1s of the 80s Various Artists - Fast 90s (x3) Various Artists - Essential 80s (x3) Various Artists - Addicted To Love Various Artists - Driving Rock (x2) Various Artists - Best Dance Album In The World Ever: Part 1 (x2) Various Artists - Best Disco Album In The World Ever (x2) Various Artists - Greatest Hits of the 80s (x8) Various Artists - Hitsville Motown USA 1959-1971 (x4) Various Artists - Red Hot & Dance Wham! - Fantastic Wham! - If You Were There Wham! - The Final Bruce Willis - Universal Masters Collection Jackie Wilson - Very Best Of Jackie Wilson - The Great Stevie Wonder - Signed Sealed & Delivered Stevie Wonder - Where I'm Coming From Stevie Wonder - Music of My Mind Stevie Wonder - Talking Book Stevie Wonder - Fulfillingness First Finale Stevie Wonder - Songs In the Key of Life Stevie Wonder - Journey Through The Secret Life of Plants Stevie Wonder - Hotter Than July Stevie Wonder - In Squared Circle Stevie Wonder - Characters Stevie Wonder - At The Close of a Century (4 CD Box) Wonderstuff - If The Beatles Had Read Hunter - The Singles Weird Al Yankovic - Greatest Hits Vol. 1 Weird Al Yankovic - Greatest Hits Vol. 2 [This message was edited Thu Apr 10 10:36:18 PDT 2003 by Ellie] mrdespues IstenSzek said: Great Expectations - The Album - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - Various Artists you also bought this for the Tori Amos contributions didn't you?! I did indeed. But I bought it for the other music too...well some of it, namely the Iggy Pop song, which I'd never heard at the time and some others. Prince - EVERYFCKINGTHING And those are just the ones we share. Damn. I have a lot of stuff by some of the artist you mention, yet I have different albums, like Rolling Stones for example and such. I'm too lazy to give you my entire collection but it's basically the same vibe as the above list. Fleshed out with some more dance/ambient like FSOL and Eat Static and stuff and a bit more 80's stuff like New Order and such. There is actually LOADS of stuff that isn't in my collection which I know and love, like Joy Division, New Order, Bruce Springsteen and many, many others. You know how it is. . Prince and the New Power Generation - Diamonds and Pearls Roots, The - Things Fall Apart Sade - The Best of Sade Oh yeah, and here's a special BONUS treat to all the Velveteers out there reading this.... My Janet Jackson Collection Jackson, Janet - Janet Jackson (1982) Jackson, Janet - Dream Street Jackson, Janet - Control (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - Control (Vinyl) Jackson, Janet - "Control/When I Think Of You" (Vinyl EP) Jackson, Janet - Control: The Remixes (European Version) Jackson, Janet - Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - "Rhythm Nation" (U.S. Maxi) Jackson, Janet - janet. (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - Design of A Decade (2-CD Limited Edition Germany) Jackson, Janet - "Runaway" (U.S. Maxi) Jackson, Janet - Velvet Rope (3 copies) Jackson, Janet - "Got Til It's Gone" (Import Maxi) Jackson, Janet - "Together Again" (U.S. Single) Jackson, Janet - "Together Again" (U.S. Maxi) Jackson, Janet - "I Get Lonely" (U.S. Maxi) Jackson, Janet - "Every Time" (Import Maxi) Jackson, Janet - "Doesn't Really Matter" (U.S. Single) Jackson, Janet - All For You (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - "All For You" (U.S. Single) Jackson, Janet - "All For You" (Import Maxi) Jackson, Janet - All For You (CD/DVD Limited Special Edition) I want more! here's all my prince shit, give or take a few items... on cd (just a taste): "jackie brown" soundtrack keith sweat, make it last forever ac/dc, dirty deeds done dirt cheap abc, the lexicon of love the dead milkmen, big lizard in my backyard blondie, parallel lines smooth grooves. vols. 2 and 3 buzzcocks, another music in a different kitchen elvis costello, my aim is true on vinyl (just a taste): earth, wind & fire: gratitude, that's the way of the world and i am tower of power, bump city stevie wonder, songs in the key of life anita baker, rapture kc and the sunshine band, part 3 giorgio moroder, midnight express soundtrack dionne warwick, dionne Jackson, Janet - Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - "Rhythm Nation" (U.S. Maxi) Jackson, Janet - janet. (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - Velvet Rope (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - "Every Time" (Import Maxi) Jackson, Janet - All For You (2 copies) Jackson, Janet - "All For You" (U.S. Single) Jackson, Janet - "All For You" (Import Maxi) Jackson, Janet - All For You (CD/DVD Limited Special Edition) I have those! And: Miss You Much (CD single) Black Cat (promo CD Single) Love Will Never Do (Without You) (CD single) janet.- limited edition 2 disc set That's the Way Love Goes (CD single) If (CD single) Any Time, Any Place (CD Single) You Want This (CD Single) Runaway (CD Single)	i don't know
'Mud', Mark Morrison, 'Seal' and 'Eternal' have all had hit songs with which title?	Top 100 Of 90's Dance Music \| Hundred Best 90's Dance Songs List \| Songs For Dancing \| 90 Dance \| Songs That Make You Dance 90's Dance Music Songs List - Top 100 1. C+C Music Factory - Gonna Make You Sweat 2. Ce Ce Peniston - Finally 3. Madonna - Vogue 5. Deee Lite - Groove Is In The Heart 6. Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman 7. Run DMC feat. Jason Nevins - It's Like That 8. House Of Pain - Jump Around 9. Tag Team - Whoomp There It Is 10. Mariah Carey - Fantasy 11. Artful Dodger ft Craig David - Re-rewind 12. The Bucketheads - The Bomb 13. Mark Morrison - Return Of The Mack 14. Madison Avenue - Don't Call Me Baby 15. Basement Jaxx - Red Alert 16. EMF - Unbelievable 17. Will Smith - Gettin' Jiggy Wit It 18. Reel To Real - I Like To Move It 19. U Can't Touch This - MC Hammer 20. Michael Jackson - Black Or White 21. Salt 'N' Pepa (feat. En Vogue) - Whatta Man 22. Robin S - Show Me Love 23. 2 Unlimited - Get Ready For This 24. Daft Punk - Around The World 25. The Prodigy - Firestarter 27. Haddaway - What Is Love 28. Ini Kamoze - Here Comes The Hotstepper 29. Armand Van Helden feat. Duane Harden - You Don't Know Me 30. Fatboy Slim - Rockefeller Skank 31. Corona - Rhythm Of The Night 32. Groove Armada - I See You Baby 33. Kriss Kross - Jump 34. Notorious B.I.G. - Mo Money Mo Problems 35. Bizarre Inc feat Angie Brown - I'm Gonna Get You 36. Tori Amos - Professional Widow 37. Outhere Brothers - Boom Boom Boom 38. Nightcrawlers - Push The Feeling On 39. Quad City DJs - C'mon 'N Ride It (The Train) 40. Snap - Rhythm Is A Dancer 41. Crystal Waters - Gypsy Woman 42. 2 Unlimited - No Limit 43. Jennifer Lopez - Waiting For Tonight 44. Montell Jordan - This Is How We Do It 45. Stardust - Music Sounds Better With You 46. Jamiroquai - Virtual Insanity 48. K7 & The Swing Kids - Come Baby Come 49. Bell Biv DeVoe - Poison 50. Vengaboys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!! 51. Lisa Stansfield - All Around The World 52. En Vogue - Hold On 53. Lou Bega - Mambo No. 5 54. Rosie Gaines - Closer Than Close 55. Ultra Nate - Free 56. Vengaboys - We Like To Party 57. Culture Beat - Mr Vain 58. Everything But The Girl - Missing 59. Marky Mark - Good Vibrations 60. O.P.P. - Naughty By Nature 61. Ace Of Base - All That She Wants 62. TLC - Creep 63. Crystal Waters - 100% Pure Love 64. La Bouche - Be My Lover 65. Black Box - Strike It Up 66. 69 Boyz - Tootsie Roll 67. Black Box - Everybody Everybody 68. Wreckx-N-Effect - Rumpshaker 69. Boyz II Men - Motown Philly 70. Rozalla - Everybody's Free 71. Will Smith - Men In Black 72. Spice Girls - Say You'll Be There 73. Spice Girls - Who Do You Think You Are 74. Mariah Carey - Emotions 75. Suzanne Vega - Tom's Diner 76. Ricky Martin - Livin' La Vida Loca 77. Dreamer - Livin' Joy 79. Right Said Fred - I'm Too Sexy 80. Sir Mix-A-Lot - Baby Got Back 81. MC Sar & The Real McCoy - Another Night 82. Cathy Dennis - Touch Me (All Night Long) 83. M People - Moving On Up 84. Adamski & Seal - Killer 86. Livin' Joy - Don't Stop Movin' 87. Underworld - Born Slippy	Insanity
Who was the 11th century Anglo-Saxon rebel in England who led the resistance to the Norman Conquest from his base on the Isle of Ely?	UK MUSIC CHARTS, No.1 Singles 1: Al Martino - Here In My Heart - 14/11/1952. 1953 2: Jo Stafford : You Belong To Me - 16/1/1953 3: Kay Starr : Comes A-Long A-Love - 23/1/1953. 4: Eddie Fisher: Outside Of Heaven - 30/1/1953. Feb 5: Perry Como: Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes - 6/2/1953 March 6: Guy Mitchell: She Wears Red Feathers - 13/3/1953 April 7: Stargazers: Broken Wings - 10/4/1953 8: Lita Roza: (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window - 17/4/1953 9: Frankie Laine: I Believe - 24/4/1953 June 10: Eddie Fisher: I'm Walking Behind You - 26/6/1953 Aug 11: Mantovani Song: from 'The Moulin Rouge' - 14/8/1953 Sept 12: Guy Mitchell: Look At That Girl - 11/9/1953 Oct 13: Frankie Laine: Hey Joe - 23/10/1953 Nov 14: David Whitfield: Answer Me - 6/11/1953 15: Frankie Laine: Answer Me - 13/11/1953 1954 16: Eddie Calvert: Oh Mein Papa 8/1/1954 March 17: Stargazers: I See The Moon 12/3/1954. April 18: Doris Day: Secret Love 16/4/1954 19: Johnnie Ray: Such A Night 30/4/1954 July 20: David Whitfield: Cara Mia 2/7/1954 Sept 21: Kitty Kallen: Little Things Mean A Lot 10/9/1954 22: Frank Sinatra: Three Coins In The Fountain 17/9/1954 Oct 23: Don Cornell: Hold My Hand 8/10/1954 Nov 24: Vera Lynn: My Son My Son 5/11/1954 25: Rosemary Clooney: This Ole House 26/11/1954 Dec 26: Winifred Atwell: Let's Have Another Party 3/12/1954 1955 27: Dickie Valentine: Finger Of Suspicion 7/1/1955. 28: Rosemary Clooney: Mambo Italiano 14/1/1955 Feb 29: Ruby Murray: Softly, Softly 18/2/1955 March 30: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Give Me Your Word, 11/3/1955 April 31: Perez Prez Prado & His Orchestra: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 29/4/1955 May 32: Tony Bennett: Stranger In Paradise 13/5/1955 33: Eddie Calvert: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 27/5/1955 June 34: Jimmy Young: Unchained Melody 24/6/1955 July 35: Alma Cogan: Dreamboat 15/7/1955 36: Slim Whitman: Rose Marie 29/7/1955 Oct 37: Jimmy Young: The Man From Laramie 14/10/1955 Nov 38: Johnston Brothers: Hernando's Hideaway 11/11/1955 39: Bill Haley & His Comets: Rock Around The Clock 25/11/1955 Dec 40: Dickie Valentine: Christmas Alphabet 16/12/1955 1956 41: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Sixteen Tons 20/1/1956. Feb 42: Dean Martin: Memories Are Made Of This 17/2/1956 March 43: Dream Weavers: It's Almost Tomorrow 16/3/1956 44: Kay Starr: Rock And Roll Waltz 30/3/1956 April 45: Winifred Atwell: Poor People Of Paris 13/4/1956 May 46: Ronnie Hilton: No Other Love 4/5/1956 June 47: Pat Boone: I'll Be Home 15/6/1956 July 48: Frankie Lymon And The Teenagers - Why Do Fools Fall in Love 20/7/1956 Aug 49: Doris Day - Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera, Sera) 10/8/1956 Sept 50: Anne Shelton - Lay Down Your Arms 21/9/1956 Oct 51: Frankie Laine - A Woman In Love 19/10/1956 Nov 52: Johnnie Ray - Just Walking In The Rain 16/11/1956 1957 53: Guy Mitchell.. Singing The Blues 4/1/1957 54: Tommy Steele.. Singing The Blues 11/1/1957 55: Frankie Vaughan.. The Garden Of Eden 25/1/1957 Feb 56: Tab Hunter.. Young Love 22/2/1957 April 57: Lonnie Donegan.. Cumberland Gap 12/4/1957 May 58: Guy Mitchell.. Rock-A-Billy 17/5/1957 59: Andy Williams.. Butterfly 24/5/1957 June 60: Johnnie Ray.. Yes Tonight Josephine 7/6/1957 61. Lonnie Donegan.. Puttin' On The Style / Gamblin' Man 28/6/1957 July 62. Elvis Presley.. All Shook Up 12/7/1957 Aug 63. Paul Anka.. Diana 30/8/1957 Nov 64. The Crickets.. That'll Be The Day 1/11/1957 65. Harry Belafonte.. Mary's Boy Child 22/11/1957 1958 66. Jerry Lee Lewis.. Great Balls Of Fire 10/1/1958 67. Elvis Presley.. Jailhouse Rock 24/1/1958 Feb 68. Michael Holliday.. The Story Of My Life 14/2/1958 69. Perry Como.. Magic Moments 28/2/1958 April 70. Marvin Rainwater.. Whole Lotta Woman 25/4/1958 May 71. Connie Francis.. Who's Sorry Now 16/5/1958 June 72. Vic Damone.. On The Street Where You Live 27/6/1958 July 73. Everly Brothers.. All I Have To Do Is Dream / Claudette 4/7/1958 Aug 74. Kalin Twins.. When 22/8/1958 Sept 75. Connie Francis.. Carolina Moon / Stupid Cupid 26/9/1958 Nov 76. Tommy Edwards.. All In The Game 7/11/1958 77. Lord Rockingham's XI.. Hoots Mon 28/11/1958 Dec 78. Conway Twitty.. It's Only Make Believe 19/12/1958 1959 79. Jane Morgan 'The Days The Rains Came' 23/1/1959 80. Elvis Presley 'I Got Stung / One Night' 30/1/1959 Feb 81. Shirley Bassey 'As I Love You' 20/2/1959 March 82. The Platters 'Smoke Gets In Your Eyes' 20/3/1959 83. Russ Conway 'Side Saddle' 27/3/1959 April 84. Buddy Holly 'It Doesn't Matter Anymore' 24/4/1959 May 85. Elvis Presley 'A Fool Such As I / I Need Your Love Tonight' 15/5/1959 June 86: Russ Conway 'Roulette' 19/6/1959 July 87: Bobby Darin 'Dream Lover' 3/7/1959 88: Cliff Richard 'Living Doll' 31/7/1959 Sept 89: Craig Douglas 'Only Sixteen' 11/9/1959 Oct 90: Jerry Keller 'Here Comes Summer' 9/10/1959 91: Bobby Darin 'Mack The Knife' 16/10/1959 92: Cliff Richard 'Travellin' Light' 30/10/1959 Dec 93: Adam Faith 'What Do You Want' 4/12/1959 94: Emile Ford & The Checkmates: What Do You Want To Make Those Eyes At Me For 18/12/1959 1960 95: Michael Holliday 'Starry Eyed' 29/1/1960 Feb 96: Anthony Newley 'Why' 5/2/1960 March 97: Adam Faith 'Poor Me' 10/3/1960 98: Johnny Preston 'Running Bear' 17/3/1960 99: Lonnie Donegan 'My Old Man's A Dustman' 31/3/1960 April 100: Anthony Newley 'Do You Mind' 28/4/1960 May 101: Everly Brothers 'Cathy's Clown' 5/5/1960 June 102: Eddie Cochran 'Three Steps To Heaven' 23/6/1960 July 103: Jimmy Jones 'Good Timin' 7/7/1960 104: Cliff Richard 'Please Don't Tease' 28/7/1960 Aug 105: Johnny Kidd & The Pirates 'Shakin' All Over' 4/8/1960 106: Shadows 'Apache' 25/8/1960 107: Ricky Valence 'Tell Laura I Love Her' 29/9/1960 Oct 108: Roy Orbison 'Only The Lonely' 20/10/1960 Nov 109: Elvis Presley 'It's Now Or Never' 3/11/1960 Dec 110: Cliff Richard 'I Love You' 29/12/1960 1961 111: Johnny Tillotson: Poetry In Motion, 12/1/1961 112: Elvis Presley: Are You Lonesome Tonight, 26/1/1961 Feb 113: Petula Clark: Sailor, 23/2/1961 March 114: Everly Brothers: Walk Right Back, 2/3/1961 115: Elvis Presley: Wooden Heart, 23/3/1961 May 116: The Marcels: Blue Moon, 4/5/1961 117: Floyd Cramer: On The Rebound, 18/5/1961 118: The Temperance Seven: You're Driving Me Crazy, 25/5/1961 June 119: Elvis Presley: Surrender, 1/6/1961 120: Del Shannon: Runaway, 29/6/1961 July 121: Everly Brothers: Temptation, 20/7/1961 Aug 122: Eden Kane: Well I Ask You, 3/8/1961 123: Helen Shapiro: You Don't Know, 10/8/1961 124: John Leyton: Johnny Remember Me, 31/8/196 Sept 125: Shirley Bassey: Reach For The Stars / Climb Ev'ry Mountain, 21/9/1961 Oct 126: Shadows: Kon Tiki - 5/10/1961 127: The Highwaymen: Michael - 12/10/1961 128: Helen Shapiro: Walkin' Back To Happiness - 19/10/1961 Nov 129: Elvis Presley: His Latest Flame - 9/11/1961 Dec 130: Frankie Vaughan: Tower Of Strength - 7/12/1961 131: Danny Williams: Moon River - 28/12/1961 1962 132. Cliff Richard 'The Young Ones' 11/1/1962 Feb 133. Elvis Presley 'Can't Help Falling In Love / Rock-A-Hula Baby' 22/2/1962 March 134. Shadows 'Wonderful Land' 22/3/1962 May 135. B.Bumble & The Stingers 'Nut Rocker' 17/5/1962 136. Elvis Presley 'Good Luck Charm' 24/5/1962 June 137. Mike Sarne with Wendy Richard 'Come Outside' 28/6/1962 jJuly 138. Ray Charles 'I Can't Stop Loving You' 12/7/1962 139. Frank Ifield 'I Remember You' 26/7/1962 Sept 140. Elvis Presley 'She's Not You' 13/9/1962 Oct 142. Frank Ifield 'Lovesick Blues' 8/11/1962 Dec 143. Elvis Presley 'Return To Sender' 13/12/1962 1963 144. Cliff Richard 'The Next Time / Bachelor Boy' 3/1/1963 145. Shadows 'Dance On' 24/1/1963 146. Jet Harris & Tony Meehan 'Diamonds' 31/1/1963 147. Frank Ifield 'Wayward Wind' 21/2/1963 March 148. Cliff Richard 'Summer Holiday' 14/3/1963 149. Shadows 'Foot Tapper' 29/3/1963 April 150. Gerry & The Pacemakers 'How Do You Do It?' 11/4/1963 May 151. Beatles' From Me To You' 2/5/1963 June 152. Gerry & The Pacemakers 'I Like It' 20/6/1963 July 153. Frank Ifield 'Confessin' (That I Love You)' 18/7/1963 Aug 154. Elvis Presley '(You're The) Devil In Disguise' 1/8/1963 155. Searchers 'Sweets For My Sweet' 8/8/1963 156. Billy J. Kramer & The Dakotas 'Bad To Me' 22/8/1963 Sept 157. Beatles 'She Loves You' 12/9/1963 Oct 158. Brian Poole & The Tremeloes 'Do You Love Me' 10/10/1963 159. Gerry & The Pacemakers 'You'll Never Walk Alone' 31/10/1963 Dec 160. Beatles 'I Want To Hold Your Hand' 12/12/1963 1964 161 Dave Clark Five.. Glad All Over 16/1/1964 162 Searchers.. Needles & Pins 30/1/1964 Feb 164 Cilla Black.. Anyone Who Had A Heart 27/2/1964 March 165 Billy J. Kramer & The Dakotas.. Little Children 19/3/1964 April 166. Beatles.. Can't Buy Me Love 2/4/1964 167. Peter & Gordon.. A World Without Love 23/4/1964 May 168. Searchers.. Don't Throw Your Love Away 7/5/1964 169. Four Pennies.. Juliet 21/5/1964 170. Cilla Black .. You're My World 28/5/1964 June 171. Roy Orbison.. It's Over 25/6/1964 July 172. Animals.. The House Of The Rising Sun 9/7/1964 173. Rolling Stones.. It's All Over now 16/7/1964 174. Beatles.. A Hard Day's Night 23/7/1964 Aug 175. Manfred Mann.. Do Wah Diddy Diddy 13/8/1964 176. Honeycombes.. Have I The Right 27/8/1964 Sept 177. Kinks.. You Really Got Me 10/9/1964 178. Herman's Hermits.. I'm Into Something Good 24/9/1964 Oct 179. Roy Orbison.. Oh Pretty Woman 8/10/1964 180. Sandie Shaw.. (There's) Always Something There To Remind Me 22/10/1964 Nov 181. Supremes.. Baby Love 19/11/1964 Dec 182. Rolling Stones.. Little Red Rooster 3/12/1964 183. Beatles.. I Feel Fine 10/12/1964 1965 184. Georgie Fame & The Blue Flames 'Yeh Yeh' 14/1/1965 185. Moody Blues 'Go Now!' 28/1/1965 Feb 186. Righteous Brothers 'You've Lost That Loving Feeling' 4/2/1965 187. Kinks 'Tired Of Waiting For You' 18/2/1965 188. Seekers 'I'll Never Find Another You' 25/2/1965 March 189. Tom Jones 'It's Not Unusual' 11/3/1965 190. Rolling Stones 'The Last Time' 18/3/1965 April 191. Unit Four Plus Two 'Concrete & Clay' 8/4/1965 192. Cliff Richard 'The Minute You're Gone' 15/4/1965 193. Beatles 'Ticket To Ride' 22/4/1965 May 194. Roger Miller 'King Of The Road' 13/5/1965 195. Jackie Trent 'Where Are You Now (My Love)' 20/5/1965 196. Sandie Shaw 'Long Live Love' 27/5/1965 197. Elvis Presley 'Crying In The Chapel' 17/6/1965 198. Hollies 'I'm Alive' 24/6/1965 July 199. Byrds 'Mr Tambourine Man' 22/7/1965 Aug 201. Sonny & Cher 'I Got You Babe' 26/8/1965 Sept 202. Rolling Stones '(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction' 9/9/1965 203. Walker Brothers 'Make It Easy On Yourself' 23/9/1965 204. Ken Dodd 'Tears' 30/9/1965 Nov 205. Rolling Stones 'Get Off Of My Cloud' 4/11/1965 206. Seekers 'The Carnival Is Over' 25/11/1965 Dec 207. Beatles 'Day Tripper / We Can Work It Out' 16/12/1965 1966 208. Spencer Davis Group 'Keep On Running' 20/1/1966 209. Overlanders 'Michelle' 27/1/1966 210. Nancy Sinatra 'These Boots Are Made For Walking' 17/2/1966 March 211. Walker Brothers 'The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore' 17/3/1966 April 212. Spencer Davis Group 'Somebody Help Me' 14/4/1966 213. Dusty Springfield You 'Don't Have To Say You Love Me' 28/4/1966 May 214. Manfred Mann 'Pretty Flamingo' 5/5/1966 215. Rolling Stones 'Paint It Black' 26/5/1966 June 216. Frank Sinatra 'Strangers In The Night' 2/6/1966 217. Beatles 'Paperback Writer' 23/6/1966 July 218. Kinks 'Sunny Afternoon' 7/7/1966 219. Georgie Fame & The Blue Flames 'Get Away' 21/7/1966 220. Chris Farlowe 'Out Of Time' 28/7/1966 Aug 221. Troggs 'With A Girl Like You' 4/8/1966 222. Beatles 'Yellow Submarine / Eleanor Rigby' 18/8/1966 Sept 223. Small Faces 'All Or Nothing' 15/9/1966 224. Jim Reeves 'Distant Drums' 22/9/1966 Oct 225. Four Tops 'Reach Out I'll Be There' 27/10/1966 Nov 226. Beach Boys 'Good Vibrations' 17/11/1966 Dec 227. Tom Jones 'Green Green Grass Of Home' 1/12/1966 1967 228. Monkees 'I'm A Believer' 19/1/1967 Feb 229. Petula Clark 'This Is My Song' 16/2/1967 March 230. Engelbert Humperdink 'Release Me (And Let Me Love Again)' 2/3/1967 April 231. Frank Sinatra & Nancy Sinatra 'Somethin' Stupid' 13/4/1967 232. Sandie Shaw 'Puppet On A String' 27/4/1967 May 233. Tremeloes 'Silence Is Golden' 18/5/1967 June 234. Procol Harum 'A Whiter Shade Of Pale' 8/6/1967 July 235. Beatles 'All You Need Is Love' 19/7/1967 Aug 236. Scott McKenzie 'San Francisco (Be Sure To Wear Some Flowers In Your Hair)' 9/8/1967 Sept 237. Engelbert Humperdink 'The Last Waltz' 6/9/1967 Oct 238. Bee Gees 'Massachusetts' 11/10/1967 Nov 239. Foundations - 'Baby Now That I've Found You' 8/11/1967 240. Long John Baldry - 'Let The Heartaches Begin' 22/11/1967 Dec 241. Beatles - 'Hello Goodbye' 6/12/1967 1968 242. Georgie Fame - 'The Ballad Of Bonnie & Clyde' 24/1/1968 243. Love Affair - 'Everlasting Love' 31/1/1968 Feb 244. Manfred Mann - 'The Mighty Quinn' 14/2/1968 245. Esther & Abi Ofarim - 'Cinderella Rockefella' 28/2/1968 March 246. Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich - 'Legend Of Xanadu' 20/3/1968 247. Beatles - ''Lady Madonna' 27/3/1968 April 248. Cliff Richard - 'Congratulations' 10/4/1968 249. Louis Armstrong -'What A Wonderful World / Cabaret' 24/4/1968 May 250. Union Gap featuring Gary Puckett -'Young Girl' 22/5/1968 June 251. Rolling Stones- 'Jumpin' Jack Flash' 19/6/1968 July 252. Equals - 'Baby Come Back' 3/7/1968 253. Des O'Connor - 'I Pretend' 24/7/1968 254. Tommy James & The Shondells - 'Mony Mony 31/7/1968 Aug 255. Crazy World of Arthur Brown - 'Fire' 14/8/1968 256. Beach Boys - ''Do It Again' 28/8/1968 Sept 257. Bee Gees - 'I've Gotta Get A Message To You' 4/9/1968 258. Beatles -'Hey Jude' 11/9/1968 259. Mary Hopkin - 'Those Were The Days' 25/9/1968 Nov 260. Joe Cocker - 'With A Little Help From My Friends' 6/11/1968 261. Hugo Montenegro Orchestra - 'The Good The Bad And The Ugly' 13/11/1968 262. Scaffold - 'Lily The Pink' 11/12/1968 1969 263. Marmalade - 'Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da' 1/1/1969 264. Fleetwood Mac - Albatross 29/1/69 Feb 265. Move - Blackberry Way 05/2/69 266. Amen Corner '(If Paradise Is) Half As Nice' 12/2/1969 267. Peter Sarstedt 'Where Do You Go To My Lovely?' 26/2/1969 March 268. Marvin Gaye 'I Heard It Through The Grapevine' 26/3/1969 April 269. Desmond Dekker & The Aces 'Israelites' 16/4/1969 270. Beatles 'Get Back' 23/4/1969 June 271. Tommy Roe 'Dizzy' 4/6/1969 272. Beatles 'The Ballad Of John & Yoko' 11/6/1969 July 273. Thunderclap Newman 'Something In The Air' 2/7/1969 274. Rolling Stones 'Honky Tonk Women' 23/7/1969 Aug 275. Zager & Evans 'In The Year 2525' (Exorium & Terminus) 30/8/1969 Sept 276. Creedence Clearwater Revival 'Bad Moon Rising' 20/9/1969 Oct 277. Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg 'Je T'Aime... Moi Non Plus' 11/10/1969 278. Bobby Gentry 'I'll Never Fall In Love Again' 18/10/1969 279. Archies 'Sugar Sugar' 25/10/1969 Dec 280. Rolf Harris 'Two Little Boys' 20/12/1969 1970 281. Edison Lighthouse 'Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)' 31/1/1970 March 282. Lee Marvin - 'Wandrin' Star' 7/3/1970 283. Simon & Garfunkel - 'Bridge Over Troubled Water' 28/3/1970 April 284. Dana .. 'All Kinds Of Everything' 18/4/1970 May 285. Norman Greenbaum - 'Spirit In The Sky' 2/5/1970 286. England World Cup Squad -'Back Home' 16/5/1970 June 287. Christie - 'Yellow River' 6/6/1970 288. Mungo Jerry - 'In The Summertime' 13/6/1970 Aug 289. Elvis Presley - 'The Wonder Of You' 1/8/1970 Sept 290. Smokey Robinson & The Miracles 'Tears Of A Clown' 12/9/1970 291. Freda Payne 'Band Of Gold' 19/9/1970 Oct 292. Matthew's Southern Comfort 'Woodstock' 31/10/1970 Nov 293. Jimi Hendrix 'Voodoo Chile' 21/11/1970 294. Dave Edmunds 'I Hear You Knockin' 28/11/1970 1971 295. Clive Dunn - Grandad 9/1/1971 296. George Harrison - 'My Sweet Lord' 30/1/1971 March 297. Mungo Jerry - 'Baby Jump' 6/3/1971 298. T Rex - 'Hot Love' 20/3/1971 May 299. Dave & Ansil Collins - 'Double Barrel' 1/5/1971 300. Dawn - 'Knock Three Times' 15/5/1971 June 301. Middle Of The Road 'Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep' 19/6/1971 July 302. T Rex 'Get It On' 24/7/1971 Aug 303. Diana Ross 'I'm Still Waiting' 21/8/1971 Sept 304. Tams 'Hey Girl Don't Bother Me' 18/9/1971 Oct 305. Rod Stewart 'Maggie May' 9/10/1971 Nov 306. Slade 'Coz I Luv You' 13/11/1971 Dec 307. Benny Hill 'Ernie (The Fastest Milkman In The West)' 11/12/1971 1972 308. New Seekers - 'I'd Like To Teach The World To Sing' 8/1/1972 Feb 309. T Rex 'Telegram Sam' 5/2/1972 310. Chicory Tip 'Son Of My Father' 19/2/1972 March 311. Nilsson' Without You' 11/3/1972 April 312. The Pipes & Drums & Military Band of The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 'Amazing Grace' 15/4/1972 May 313. T Rex 'Metal Guru' 20/5/1972 June 314. Don McLean 'Vincent' 17/6/1972 July 315. Slade 'Take Me Back 'Ome' 1/7/1972 316. Donny Osmond 'Puppy Love' 8/7/1972 Aug 317. Alice Cooper 'School's Out' 12/8/1972 Sept 318. Rod Stewart 'You Wear It Well' 2/9/1972 319. Slade 'Mama Weer All Crazee Now' 9/9/1972 320. David Cassidy 'How Can I Be Sure' 30/9/1972 Oct 321. Lieutenant Pigeon 'Mouldy Old Dough' 14/10/1972 Nov 322. Gilbert O'Sullivan 'Clair' 11/11/1972 323. Chuck Berry 'My Ding-A-Ling' 25/11/1972 Dec 324. Little Jimmy Osmond 'Long Haired Lover From Liverpool' 23/12/1972 1973 326. Slade 'Cum On Feel The Noize' 3/3/1973 327. Donny Osmond 'The Twelfth Of Never' 31/3/1973 April 328. Gilbert O'Sullivan 'Get Down' 7/4/1973 329. Dawn featuring Tony Orlando 'Tie A Yellow Ribbon Round The Old Oak Tree' 21/4/1973 May 330. Wizzard 'See My Baby Jive' 19/5/1973 June 331. Suzi Quatro 'Can The Can' 16/6/1973 332. 10 CC 'Rubber Bullets' 23/6/1973 333. Slade 'Skweeze Me Pleeze Me' 30/6/1973 July 334. Peters & Lee 'Welcome Home' 21/7/1973 335. Gary Glitter 'I'm The Leader Of The Gang (I Am)' 28/7/1973 Aug 336. Donny Osmond 'Young Love' 25/8/1973 Sept 337. Wizzard 'Angel Fingers (A Teen Ballad)' 22/9/1973 338. Simon Park Orchestra 'Eye Level' 29/9/1973 Oct 339. David Cassidy 'Daydreamer / The Puppy Song' 27/10/1973 Nov 340. Gary Glitter 'I Love You Love Me Love' 17/11/1973 Dec 341. Slade 'Merry Xmas Everybody' 15/12/1973 1974 342. New Seekers 'You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me' 19/1/1974 343. Mud 'Tiger Feet' 26/1/1974 Feb 344. Suzi Quatro 'Devil Gate Drive' 23/2/1974 March 345. Alvin Stardust 'Jealous Mind' 9/3/1974 346. Paper Lace 'Billy Don't Be A Hero' 16/3/1974 April 347. Terry Jacks 'Seasons In The Sun' 6/4/1974 May 349. Rubettes 'Sugar Baby Love' 18/5/1974 June 350. Ray Stevens 'The Streak 15/6/1974 351. Gary Glitter 'Always Yours' 22/6/1974 352. Charles Aznavour 'She' 29/6/1974 July 353. George McCrae 'Rock Your Baby' 27/7/1974 Aug 354. Three Degrees 'When Will I See You Again' 17/8/1974 355. Osmonds 'Love Me For A Reason' 31/8/1974 Sept 356. Carl Douglas 'Kung Fu Fighting' 21/9/1974 Oct 357. John Denver 'Annie's Song' 12/10/1974 358. Sweet Sentation 'Sad Sweet Dreamer' 19/10/1974 359. Ken Boothe 'Everything I Own' 26/10/1974 Nov 360. David Essex 'Gonna Make You A Star' 16/11/1974 Dec 361. Barry White 'You're The First, The Last, My Everything' 7/12/1974 362. Mud 'Lonely This Christmas' 21/12/1974 1975 363. Status Quo 'Down Down' 18/1/1975 364. Tymes 'Ms Grace' 25/1/1975 Feb 366. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel 'Make Me Smile (Come Up And See Me)' 22/2/1975 March 367. Telly Savalas ''If'' 8/3/1975 368. Bay City Rollers 'Bye Bye Baby 22/3/1975 May 369. Mud 'Oh Boy 3/5/1975 370. Tammy Wynette 'Stand By Your Man 17/5/1975 June 371. Windsor Davies & Don Estelle 'Whispering Grass' 7/6/1975 372. 10 CC 'I'm Not In Love' 28/6/1975 July 373. Johnny Nash 'Tears On My Pillow' 12/7/1975 374. Bay City Rollers 'Give A Little Love' 19/7/1975 Aug 375. Typically Tropical 'Barbados' 9/8/1975 376. Stylistics 'Can't Give You Anything (But My Love)' 16/8/1975 Sept 377. Rod Stewart 'Sailing' 6/9/1975 Oct 378. David Essex 'Hold Me Close' 4/10/1975 379. Art Garfunkel 'I Only Have Eyes For You' 25/10/1975 Nov 380. David Bowie 'Space Oddity' 8/11/1975 381. Billy Connolly 'D.I.V.O.R.C.E'. 22/11/1975 382. Queen 'Bohemian Rhapsody' 29/11/1975 1976 383. Abba 'Mamma Mia' 31/1/1976 Feb 384. Slik 'Forever And Ever' 14/2/1976 385. Four Seasons 'December '63' 21/2/1976 March 386. Tina Charles 'I Love To Love (But My Baby Loves To Dance)' 6/3/1976 387. Brotherhood Of Man ''Save Your Kisses For Me' 27/3/1976 May 396. Chicago 'If You Leave Me Now' 13/11/1976 Dec 397. Showaddywaddy 'Under The Moon Of Love'' 4/12/1976 398. Johnny Mathis 'When A Child Is Born' (Soleado) 25/12/1976 1977 399. David Soul ''Don't Give Up On Us 15/1/1977 Feb 400. Julie Covington 'Don't Cry For Me Argentina 12/2/1977 401. Leo Sayer 'When I Need You 19/2/1977 March 402. Manhattan Transfer 'Chanson D'Amour 12/3/1977 April 403. Abba 'Knowing Me Knowing You 2/4/1977 May 404. Deniece Williams 'Free 7/5/1977 405. Rod Stewart 'I Don't Want To Talk About It / First Cut Is The Deepest 21/5/1977 June 406. Kenny Rogers 'Lucille 18/6/1977 407. Jacksons Show 'You The Way To Go 25/6/1977 July 408. Hot Chocolate 'So You Win Again 2/7/1977 409. Donna Summer 'I Feel Love 23/7/1977 Aug 410. Brotherhood Of Man 'Angelo 20/8/1977 411. Floaters 'Float On 27/8/1977 Sept 412. Elvis Presley 'Way Down 3/9/1977 Oct 413. David Soul 'Silver Lady 8/10/1977 414. Baccara 'Yes Sir I Can Boogie 29/10/1977 Nov 415. Abba 'The Name Of The Game 5/11/1977 Dec 416. Wings 'Mull Of Kintyre / Girls' School 3/12/1977 1978 417. Althia & Donna 'Up Town Top Ranking 4/2/1978 418. Brotherhood Of Man 'Figaro 11/2/1978 419. Abba 'Take A Chance On Me 18/2/1978 March 420. Kate Bush 'Wuthering Heights 11/3/1978 April 421. Brian & Michael 'Matchstalk Men And Matchstalk Cats And Dogs 8/4/1978 422. Bee Gees 'Night Fever 29/4/1978 423. Boney M - 'Rivers Of Babylon / Brown 'Girl In The Ring 13/5/1978 June 424. John Travolta & Olivia Newton John 'You're The One That I Want 17/6/1978 Aug 425. Commodores 'Three Times A Lady 19/8/1978 Oct 426. 10 CC 'Dreadlock Holiday 23/9/1978 427. John Travolta & Olivia Newton 'John Summer Nights 30/9/1978 Nov 428. Boomtown Rats .. 'Rat Trap 18/11/1978 Dec 429. Rod Stewart.. 'Da Ya Think I'm Sexy 2/12/1978 430. Boney M .. 'Mary's Boy Child - Oh My Lord 9/12/1978 1979 431. Village People , Y.M.C.A. 6/1/1979 432. Ian Dury & The Blockheads , Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick 27/1/1979 Feb 433. Blondie , Heart Of Glass 3/2/1979 March 434. Bee Gees , Tragedy 3/3/1979 435. Gloria Gaynor , I Will Survive 17/3/1979 April 436. Art Garfunkel , Bright Eyes 14/4/1979 May 437. Blondie, Sunday Girl 26/5/1979 June 438. Anita Ward , Ring My Bell 16/6/1979 439. Tubeway Army , Are 'Friends' Electric 30/6/1979 July 440. Boomtown Rats , I Don't Like Mondays 28/7/1979 Aug 441. Cliff Richard , We Don't Talk Anymore 25/8/1979 Sept 442. Gary Numan , Cars 22/9/1979 443. Police , Message In A Bottle 29/9/1979 Oct 444. Buggles - Video Killed The Radio Star 20/10/1979 445. Lena Martell , One Day At A Time 27/10/1979 Nov 446. Dr Hook , When You're In Love With A Beautiful Woman 17/11/1979 Dec 447. Police ,Walking On The Moon 8/12/1979 448. Pink Floyd , Another Brick In The Wall 15/12/1979 1980 449. Pretenders 'Brass In Pocket' 19/1/1980 Feb 450. The Special AKA (Specials) The Specials Live EP (main track: Too Much Too Young) 2/2/1980 451. Kenny Rogers 'Coward Of The County' 16/2/1980 March 453. Fern Kinney 'Together We Are Beautiful '15/3/1980 454. Jam 'Going Underground / Dreams Of Children' 22/3/1980 April 455. Detroit Spinners 'Working My Way Back To You - Forgive Me Girl' 12/4/1980 456. Blondie 'Call Me' 26/4/1980 May 457. Dexy's Midnight Runners 'Geno' 3/5/1980 458. Johnny Logan 'What's Another Year' 17/5/1980 459. Mash 'Suicide Is Painless (Theme from MASH)' 31/5/1980 June 460. Don McLean 'Crying' 21/6/1980 July 461. Olivia Newton John & Electric Light Orchestra 'Xanadu' 12/7/1980 462. Odyssey 'Use It Up And Wear It Out' 26/7/1980 Aug 463. Abba 'The Winner Takes It All' 9/8/1980 464. David Bowie 'Ashes To Ashes' 23/8/1980 Sept 466. Kelly Marie 'Feels Like I'm In Love' 13/9/1980 467. Police 'Don't Stand So Close To Me' 27/9/1980 Oct 468. Barbra Streisand 'Woman In Love' 25/10/1980 Nov 469. Blondie 'The Tide Is High' 15/11/1980 470. Abba 'Super Trouper' 29/11/1980 Dec 471. John Lennon '(Just Like) Starting Over' 20/12/1980 472. St Winifred's School Choir 'There's No One Quite Like Grandma' 27/12/1980 1981 473. John Lennon 'Imagine' 10/1/1981 Feb 474. John Lennon 'Woman' 7/2/1981 475. Joe Dolce Music Theatre 'Shaddup You Face' 21/2/1981 March 476. Roxy Music 'Jealous Guy' 14/3/1981 477. Shakin' Stevens 'This Ole House' 28/3/1981 April 478. Bucks Fizz 'Making Your Mind Up' 18/4/1981 May 479. Adam & The Ants 'Stand And Deliver' 9/5/1981 June 480. Smokey Robinson 'Being With You' 13/6/1981 481. Michael Jackson 'One Day In Your Life' 27/6/1981 July 482. Specials 'Ghost Town' 11/7/1981 Aug 483. Shakin' Stevens 'Green Door' 1/8/1981 484. Aneka 'Japanese Boy' 29/8/1981 Sept 485. Soft Cell 'Tainted Love' 5/9/1981 486. Adam & The Ants 'Prince Charming' 19/9/1981 Oct 487. Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin 'It's My Party' 17/10/1981 Nov 488. Police ''Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic' 14/11/1981 489. Queen & David Bowie ''Under Pressure' 21/11/1981 Dec 490. Julio Iglesias ''Begin The Beguine (Volver A Empezar) 5/12/1981 491. Human League ''Don't You Want Me' 12/12/1981 1982 492. Bucks Fizz - Land Of Make Believe 16/1/1982 493. Shakin' Stevens - Oh Julie 30/1/1982 Feb 494. Kraftwerk - The Model / Computer Love 6/2/1982 495. Jam - A Town Called Malice / Precious 13/2/1982 March 496. Tight Fit - The Lion Sleeps Tonight 6/3/1982 497. Goombay Dance Band Seven - Tears 27/3/1982 April 498. Bucks Fizz - My Camera Never Lies 17/4/1982 499. Paul McCartney & Stevie Wonder - Ebony And Ivory 24/4/1982 May 500. Nicole- A Little Peace 15/5/1982 501. Madness - House Of Fun 29/5/1982 June 502. Adam Ant - Goody Two Shoes 12/6/1982 503. Charlene - I 've Never Been To Me 26/6/1982 July 504. Captain Sensible - Happy Talk 3/7/1982 505. Irene Cara - Fame 17/7/1982 Aug 506. Dexy's Midnight Runners - Come On Eileen 7/8/1982 Sept 507. Survivor - Eye Of The Tiger 4/9/1982 Oct 508. Musical Youth - Pass The Dutchie 2/10/1982 509. Culture Club - Do You Really Want To Hurt Me 23/10/1982 Nov 510. Eddy Grant - I Don't Wanna Dance 13/11/1982 Dec 511. Jam - Beat Surrender 4/12/1982 512. Renee & Renato - Save Your Love 18/12/1982 1983 513. Phil Collins 'You Can't Hurry Love' 15/1/1983 514. Men At Work 'Down Under' 29/1/1983 Feb 515. Kajagoogoo 'Too Shy' 19/2/1983 March 516. Michael Jackson 'Billie Jean' 5/3/1983 517. Bonnie Tyler 'Total Eclipse Of The Heart' 12/3/1983 518. Duran Duran 'Is There Something I Should Know' 26/3/1983 April 519. David Bowie 'Let's Dance' 9/4/1983 520. Spandau Ballet 'True' 30/4/1983 May 521. New Edition 'Candy Girl' 28/5/1983 June 522. Police 'Every Breath You Take' 4/6/1983 July 523. Rod Stewart 'Baby Jane' 2/7/1983 524. Paul Young 'Wherever I Lay My Hat' 23/7/1983 Aug 525. K C & The Sunshine Band 'Give It Up' 13/8/1983 Sept 526. UB 40 'Red Red Wine' 3/9/1983 527. Culture Club 'Karma Chameleon' 24/9/1983 Nov 528 Billy Joel 'Uptown Girl 5/11/1983 Dec 529 Flying Pickets 'Only You 10/12/1983 1984 530. Paul McCartney - Pipes Of Peace 14/1/1984 531. Frankie Goes To Hollywood - Relax 28/1/1984 March 532. Nena - 99 Red Balloons 3/3/1984 533. Lionel Richie - Hello 24/3/1984 May 534. Duran Duran - The Reflex 5/5/1984 June 535. Wham! - Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go 2/6/1984 536. Frankie Goes To Hollywood - Two Tribes 16/6/1984 Aug 537. George Michael - Careless Whisper 18/8/1984 Sept 538. Stevie Wonder - I Just Called To Say I Love You 8/9/1984 Oct 540. Chaka Khan - I Feel For You 10/11/1984 Dec 541. Jim Diamond - I Should Have Known Better 1/12/1984 542. Frankie Goes To Hollywood - The Power Of Love 8/12/1984 543. Band Aid - Do They Know It's Christmas 15/12/1984 1985 544. Foreigner 'I Want To Know What Love Is 19/1/1985 Feb 545. Elaine Paige & Barbara Dickson 'I Know Him So Well 9/2/1985 March 546. Dead Or Alive 'You Spin Me Round (Like A Record) 9/3/1985 547. Philip Bailey & Phil Collins 'Easy Lover 23/3/1985 April 548. USA For Africa 'We Are The World 20/4/1985 May 549. Phyllis Nelson 'Move Closer 4/5/1985 550. Paul Hardcastle '19' 11/5/1985 June 551. Crowd ''You'll Never Walk Alone 15/6/1985 552. Sister Sledge ''Frankie 29/6/1985 July 553. Eurythmics 'There Must Be An Angel (Playing With My Heart) 27/7/1985 Aug 554. Madonna 'Into The Groove 3/8/1985 555. UB 40 & Chrissie Hynde 'I Got You Babe 31/8/1985 Sept 556. David Bowie & Mick Jagger 'Dancing in the Street 7/9/1985 Oct 557. Midge Ure 'If I Was 5/10/1985 558. Jennifer Rush 'The Power Of Love 12/10/1985 Nov 559. Feargal Sharkey 'A Good Heart 16/11/1985 560. Wham! 'I'm Your Man 30/11/1985 Dec 561. Whitney Houston 'Saving All My Love For You 14/12/1985 562. Shakin' Stevens 'Merry Christmas Everyone 28/12/1985 1986 563. Pet Shop Boys 'West End Girls 11/1/1986 564. A-Ha 'The Sun Always Shines On TV 25/1/1986 Feb 565. Billy Ocean 'When The Going Gets Tough, The Tough Get Going 8/2/1986 March 566. Diana Ross 'Chain Reaction 8/3/1986 567. Cliff Richard & The Young 'Ones Living Doll 29/3/1986 The first official Comic Relief single April 568. George Michael 'A Different Corner 19/4/1986 May 569. Falco 'Rock Me Amadeus 10/5/1986 570. Spitting Image 'The Chicken Song 17/5/1986 June 571. Doctor & The Medics 'Spirit In The Sky 7/6/1986 572. Wham! 'The Edge Of Heaven 28/6/1986 July 573. Madonna 'Papa Don't Preach 12/7/1986 Aug 574. Chris de Burgh 'The Lady In Red 2/8/1986 575. Boris Gardiner 'I Want To Wake Up With You 23/8/1986 Sept 576. Communards 'Don't Leave Me This Way 13/9/1986 Oct 577. Madonna 'True Blue 11/10/1986 578. Nick Berry 'Every Loser Wins 18/10/1986 Nov 579. Berlin 'Take My Breath Away 8/11/1986 Dec 580. Europe 'The Final Countdown 6/12/1986 581. Housemartins 'Caravan Of Love 20/12/1986 582. Jackie Wilson 'Reet Petite 27/12/1986 1987 583. Steve 'Silk' Hurley 'Jack Your Body 24/1/1987 Feb 584. George Michael & Aretha Franklin 'I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) 7/2/1987 585. Ben E King 'Stand By Me 21/2/1987 March 586. Boy George 'Everything I Own 14/3/1987 587. Mel & Kim 'Respectable 28/3/1987 April 588. Ferry Aid 'Let It Be 4/4/1987 589. Madonna 'La Isla Bonita 25/4/1987 May 590. Starship 'Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now 9/5/1987 June 591. Whitney Houston 'I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me) 6/6/1987 592. The Firm 'Star Trekkin' 20/6/1987 July 593. Pet Shop Boys' It's A Sin 4/7/1987 594. Madonna 'Who's That Girl 25/7/1987 Aug 595. Los Lobos 'La Bamba 1/8/1987 596. Michael Jackson ''I Just Can't Stop Loving You 15/8/1987 597. Rick Astley 'Never Gonna Give You Up 29/8/1987 Oct 598. M/A/R/R/S ''Pump Up The Volume / Anitina (The First Time I See She Dance) 3/10/1987 599. Bee Gees 'You Win Again 17/10/1987 Nov 600. T'Pau 'China In Your Hand 14/11/1987 Dec 601. Pet Shop Boys 'Always On My Mind 19/12/1987 1988 602. Belinda Carlisle 'Heaven Is A Place On Earth 16/1/1988 603. Tiffany 'I Think We're Alone Now 30/1/1988 Feb 604. Kylie Minogue 'I Should Be So Lucky 20/2/1988 March 605. Aswad 'Don't Turn Around 26/3/1988 April 606. Pet Shop Boys 'Heart 9/4/1988 607. S'Express 'Theme from S'Express 30/4/1988 May 608. Fairground 'Attraction Perfect 14/5/1988 609. Wet Wet Wet 'With A Little Help From My Friends 21/5/1988 June 610. Timelords 'Doctorin The Tardis 18/6/1988 611. Bros 'I Owe You Nothing 25/6/1988 July 612. Glenn Medeiros 'Nothing's Gonna Change My Love For You 9/7/1988 Aug 613. Yazz & The Plastic Population 'The Only Way Is Up 6/8/1988 Sept 614. Phil Collins 'A Groovy Kind Of Love 10/9/1988 615. Hollies 'He Ain't Heavy He's My Brother 24/9/1988 Oct 617. Whitney Houston 'One Moment In Time 15/10/1988 618. Enya 'Orinoco Flow (Sail Away) 29/10/1988 Nov 619. Robin Beck 'The First Time 19/11/1988 Dec 620. Cliff Richard 'Mistletoe & Wine 10/12/1988 1989 621. Kylie Minogue & Jason Donovan - Especially For You 7/1/1989 622. Marc Almond with Gene Pitney - Somethings Gotten Hold Of My Heart 28/1/1989 Feb 623. Simple Minds - Belfast Child 25/2/1989 March 624. Jason Donovan - Too Many Broken Hearts 11/3/1989 625. Madonna - Like A Prayer 25/3/1989 April 626. Bangles - Eternal Flame 15/4/1989 May 627. Kylie Minogue - Hand On Your Heart 13/5/1989 628. Gerry Marsden, Paul McCartney, Holly Johnson & Christians - Ferry 'Cross The Mersey 20/5/1989 June 629. Jason Donovan - Sealed With A Kiss 10/6/1989 630. Soul II Soul featuring Caron Wheeler - Back To Life 24/6/1989 July 631. Sonia - You'll Never Stop Me Loving You 22/7/1989 Aug 632. Jive Bunny & The Mastermixers -Swing The Mood 5/8/1989 Sept 633. Black Box - Ride On Time 9/9/1989 Oct 634. Jive Bunny & The Mastermixers - That's What I Like 21/10/1989 Nov 635. Lisa Stansfield - All Around The World 11/11/1989 636. New Kids On The Block - You Got It (The Right Stuff) 25/11/1989 Dec 637. Jive Bunny & The Mastermixers - Let's Party 16/12/1989 638. Band Aid II - Do They Know It's Christmas 23/12/1989 1990 639. New Kids On The Block - Hangin' Tough 16/1/1990 640. Kylie Minogue - Tears On My Pillow 27/1/1990 Feb 641. Sinead O'Connor - Nothing Compares 2 U 3/2/1990 March 642. Beats International Dub Be Good To Me 3/3/1990 643. Snap - The Power 31/3/1990 April 646. England New Order - World In Motion 9/6/1990 647. Elton John - Sacrifice / Healing Hands 23/6/1990 July 648. Partners In Kryme Turtle Power 28/7/1990 Aug 649. Bombalurina - Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini 25/8/1990 Sept 650. Steve Miller - Band The Joker 15/9/1990 651. Maria McKee - Show Me Heaven 29/9/1990 Oct 652. Beautiful South - A Little Time 27/10/1990 Nov 653. Righteous Brothers - Unchained Melody 3/11/1990 Dec 654. Vanilla Ice - Ice Ice Baby 1/12/1990 655. Cliff Richard - Saviour's Day 22/12/1990 1991 656. Iron Maiden - Bring Your Daughter To The Slaughter 5/1/1991 657. Enigma - Sadness Part 1 19/1/1991 658. Queen - Innuendo 26/1/1991 659. KLF - 3 AM Eternal 2/2/1991 660. Simpsons - Do The Bartman 16/2/1991 March 661. Clash - Should I Stay Or Should I Go 9/3/1991 662. Hale & Pace - The Stonk 23/3/1991 The official Comic Relief single 663. Chesney Hawkes - The One And Only 30/3/1991 . May 664. Cher - Shoop Shoop Song (It's In His Kiss) 4/5/1991 June 665. Color Me Badd - I Wanna Sex You Up 8/6/1991 666. Jason Donovan - Any Dream Will Do 29/6/1991 . July 667 Bryan Adams - (Everything I Do) I Do It For You 13/7/1991 Nov 668. U2 - The Fly 2/11/1991 669. Vic Reeves & The Wonder Stuff - Dizzy 9/11/1991 670. Michael Jackson - Black Or White 23/11/1991 Dec 671. George Michael & Elton John - Don't Let The Sun Go Down On Me 7/12/1991 672. Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody / These Are The Days Of Our Lives 21/12/1991 1992 673. Wet Wet Wet.. Goodnight Girl 25/1/1992 Feb 674. Shakespears Sister.. Stay 22/2/1992 April 675. Right Said Fred.. Deeply Dippy 18/4/1992 May 676. KWS.. Please Don't Go / Game Boy 9/5/1992 June 677. Erasure Abba-esque EP 13/6/1992 July 678. Jimmy Nail.. Ain't No Doubt 18/7/1992 Aug 679. Snap.. Rhythm Is A Dancer 8/8/1992 Sept 680. Shamen.. Ebeneezer Goode 19/9/1992 Oct 681. Tasmin Archer.. Sleeping Satellite 17/10/1992 682. Boyz II Men .. End Of The Road 31/10/1992 Nov 683. Charles & Eddie.. Would I Lie To You 21/11/1992 Dec 684. Whitney Houston.. I Will Always Love You 5/12/1992 . 1993 685. 2 Unlimited.. No Limit 13/2/1993 March 686. Shaggy.. Oh Carolina 20/3/1993 April 687. Bluebells.. Young At Heart 3/4/1993 May 688. George Michael & Queen with Lisa Stansfield - Five Live (EP) 1/5/1993 689. Ace Of Base.... All That She Wants 22/5/1993 June 690. UB 40.. (I Can't Help) Falling In Love With You 12/6/1993 . 691. Gabrielle.. Dreams 26/6/1993 . 692. Take That.. Pray 17/7/1993 August 693. Freddie Mercury.. Living On My Own 14/8/1993 694. Culture Beat.. Mr Vain 28/8/1993 Sept 695. Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince (Will Smith).. Boom! Shake The Room 25/9/1993 Oct 696. Take That featuring Lulu.. Relight my Fire 9/10/1993 697. Meat Loaf.. I'd Do Anything For Love (But I Won't Do That) 23/10/1993 . Dec 698. Mr Blobby.. Mr Blobby 11/12/1993 699. Take That.. Babe 18/12/1993 1994 700. Chaka Demus & Pliers - Twist & Shout 8/1/1994 701. D:Ream - Things Can Only Get Better 22/1/1994 Feb 702. Mariah Carey - Without You 19/2/1994 703. Doop - Doop 19/3/1994 704. Take That - Everything Changes 9/4/1994 705. Prince - The Most Beautiful Girl In The World 23/4/1994 May 706. Tony Di Bart - The Real Thing 7/5/1994 707. Stiltskin - Inside 14/5/1994 708. Manchester United 1994 Football Squad - Come On You Reds 21/5/1994 June 709. Wet Wet Wet - Love Is All Around 4/6/1994 Sept 710. Whigfield - Saturday Night 17/9/1994 Oct 711. Take That - Sure 15/10/1994 712. Pato Banton (with Robin & Ali Campbell) - Baby Come Back 29/10/1994 Nov 713. Baby D - Let Me Be Your Fantasy 26/11/1994 Dec 714. East 17 - Stay Another Day 10/12/1994 1995 715. Rednex.. Cotton Eye Joe 14/1/1995 Feb 716. Celine Dion.. Think Twice 4/2/1995 March 717. Cher,Chrissie Hynde,Neneh Cherry & Eric Clapton.. Love Can Build A Bridge 25/3/1995 April 718. Outhere Brothers.. Don't Stop (Wiggle Wiggle) 1/4/1995 719. Take That.. Back For Good 8/4/1995 May 720. Oasis Some.. Might Say 6/5/1995 721. Livin' Joy.. Dreamer 13/5/1995 722. Robson Green & Jerome Flynn.. Unchained Melody / White Cliffs Of Dover 20/5/1995 June 723. Outhere Brothers.. Boom Boom Boom 8/7/1995 Aug 724. Take That.. Never Forget 5/8/1995 725. Blur.. Country House 26/8/1995 Sept 726. Michael Jackson.. You Are Not Alone 9/9/1995 727. Shaggy - Boombastic 23/9/1995 728. Simply Red - Fairground 30/9/1995 Oct 729. Coolio featuring LV Gangsta's.. Paradise 28/10/1995 Nov 730. Robson & Jerome.. I Believe / Up On The Roof 11/11/1995 Dec 731. Michael Jackson.. Earth Song 9/12/1995 1996 732. George Michael - Jesus To A Child 20/1/1996 733. Babylon Zoo, Spaceman 27/1/1996 March 734. Oasis, Don't Look Back In Anger 2/3/1996 735. Take That, How Deep Is Your Love 9/3/1996 . 736. Prodigy, Firestarter 30/3/1996 737. Mark Morrison, Return Of The Mack 20/4/1996 May 738. George Michael, Fastlove 4/5/1996 . 739. Gina G Ooh Aah Just A Little Bit 25/5/1996 June 740. Baddiel, Skinner & Lightning Seeds.. Three Lions 1/6/1996 . 741. Fugees, Killing Me Softly 8/6/1996 July 742. Gary Barlow, Forever Love 20/7/1996 . 743. Spice Girls, Wannabe 27/7/1996 Sept 744. Peter Andre, Flava 14/9/1996 745. Fugees, Ready Or Not 21/9/1996 Oct 746. Deep Blue Something - Breakfast At Tiffany's 5/10/1996 747. Chemical Brothers, Setting Sun 12/10/1996 748. Boyzone, Words 19/10/1996 749. Spice Girls, Say You'll Be There 26/10/1996 Nov 750. Robson & Jerome, What Becomes Of The Broken Hearted / Saturday Night At The Movies / You'll Never Walk Alone 9/11/1996 751. Prodigy, Breathe 23/11/1996 752. Peter Andre, I Feel You 7/12/1996 753. Boyzone, A Different Beat 14/12/1996 754. Dunblane, Knockin' On Heaven's Door / Throw These Guns Away 21/12/1996 755. Spice Girls, 2 Become 1 28/12/1996 1997 756. Tori Amos, Professional Widow (It's Got To Be Big) 18/1/1997 757. White Town, Your Woman 25/1/1997 Feb 759. LL Cool J,, Ain't Nobody 8/2/1997 760. U2, Discotheque 15/2/1997 761. No Doubt, Don't Speak 22/2/1997 March 762. Spice Girls - Mama / Who Do You Think You Are 15/3/1997 "Who Do You Think You Are" was the official Comic Relief single and sold 672,577 copies. April 763. Chemical Brothers - Block Rockin' Beats 5/4/1997 764. R Kelly - I Believe I Can Fly 12/4/1997 May 765. Michael Jackson, Blood On The Dance Floor 3/5/1997 766. Gary Barlow, Love Won't Wait 10/5/1997 . 767. Olive, You're Not Alone 17/5/1997 768. Eternal ft. Bebe Winans - I Wanna Be The One 31/5/1997 . June 770. Puff Daddy & Faith Evans, I'll Be Missing You 28/6/1997 July 771. Oasis, D'you Know What I Mean 19/7/1997 Aug 772. Will Smith, Men In Black 16/8/1997 Sept 773. Verve, The Drugs Don't Work 13/9/1997 774. Elton John, Candle In The Wind 97 / Something About The Way You Look Tonight 20/9/1997 Oct 775. Spice Girls, Spice Up Your Life 25/10/1997 Nov 776. Aqua, Barbie Girl 1/11/1997 777. Various Artists, Perfect Day 29/11/1997 Dec 778. Teletubbies, Teletubbies Say Eh-oh! 13/12/1997 779. Spice Girls, Too Much 27/12/1997 1998 780. All Saints - Never Ever 17/1/1998 781. Oasis - All Around The World 24/1/1998 782. Usher - You Make Me Wanna... 31/1/1998 Feb 783. Aqua - Doctor Jones 7/2/1998 784. Celine Dion - My Heart Will Go On 21/2/1998 785. Cornershop - Brimful Of Asha 28/2/1998 March 787. Run DMC vs Jason Nevins- It's Like That 21/3/1998 May 788. Boyzone - All That I Need 2/5/1998 789. All Saints - Under The Bridge / Lady Marmalade 9/5/1998 790. Aqua - Turn Back Time 16/5/1998 791. Tamperer featuring Maya - Feel It 30/5/1998 June 792. BWitched - C'est La Vie 6/6/1998 793. Baddiel, Skinner & Lightning Seeds - Three Lions '98 20/6/1998 . July 794. Billie - Because We Want To 11/7/1998 795. Another Level - Freak Me 18/7/1998 796. Jamiroquai - Deeper Underground 25/7/1998 Aug 797. Spice Girls - Viva Forever 1/8/1998 798. Boyzone - No Matter What 15/8/1998 Sept 799. Manic Street Preachers - If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next 5/9/1998 800. All Saints - Bootie Call 12/9/1998 801. Robbie Williams - Millennium 19/9/1998 802. Melanie B featuring Missy Elliott - I Want You Back 26/9/1998 Oct 803. BWitched - Rollercoaster 3/10/1998 804. Billie - Girlfriend 17/10/1998 805. Spacedust - Gym & Tonic 24/10/1998 806. Cher - Believe 31/10/1998 807. BWitched - To You I Belong 19/12/1998 808. Spice Girls - Goodbye 26/12/1998 1999 809. Chef - Chocolate Salty Balls (PS I Love You) 2/1/1999 810. Steps - Heartbeat / Tragedy 9/1/1999 811. Fatboy Slim - Praise You 16/1/1999 812. 911 - A Little Bit More 23/1/1999 813. Offspring Pretty Fly (For A White Guy) 30/1/1999 Feb 814. Armand Van Helden featuring Duane Haeden - You Don't Know Me 6/2/1999 815. Blondie - Maria 13/2/1999 816. Lenny Kravitz - Fly Away 20/2/1999 817. Britney Spears - Baby One More Time 27/2/1999 . March 818. Boyzone - When The Going Gets Tough 13/3/1999 The official Comic Relief single 819. BWitched - Blame It On The Weatherman 27/3/1999 April 820. Mr Oizo - Flat Beat 3/4/1999 821. Martine McCutcheon - Perfect Moment 17/4/1999 May 822. Westlife - Swear It Again 1/5/1999 823. Backstreet Boys - I Want It That Way 15/5/1999 824. Boyzone - You Needed Me 22/5/1999 825. Shanks & Bigfoot - Sweet Like Chocolate 29/5/1999 June 826. Baz Luhrmann - Everybody's Free (To Wear Sunscreen): The Sunscreen Song (Class of 99) 12/6/1999 827. S Club 7 - Bring It All Back 19/6/1999 828. Vengaboys - Boom Boom Boom Boom!! 26/6/1999 July 829. ATB - 9PM (Till I Come) 3/7/1999 830. Ricky Martin - Livin' La Vida Loca 17/7/1999 831. Ronan Keating - When You Say Nothing At All 7/8/1999 Aug 832. Westlife - If I Let You Go 21/8/1999 833. Geri Halliwell - Mi Chico Latino 28/8/1999 Sept 834. Lou Bega - Mambo No 5 4/9/1999 835. Vengaboys - We're Going To Ibiza 18/9/1999 836. Eiffel 65 Blue (Da Ba Dee) 25/9/1999 Oct 837. Christina Aguilera - Genie In A Bottle 16/10/1999 838. Westlife - Flying Without Wings 30/10/1999 Nov 839. Five - Keep On Movin' 6/11/1999 840. Geri Halliwell - Lift Me Up 13/11/1999 841. Robbie Williams - She's The One / It's Only Us 20/11/1999 842. Wamdue Project - King Of My Castle 27/11/1999 Dec 843. Cliff Richard - Millennium Prayer 4/12/1999 844. Westlife - I Have A Dream / Seasons In The Sun 25/12/1999 2000 845. Manic Street Preachers - The Masses Against The Classes 22/1/2000 846. Britney Spears - Born To Make You Happy 29/1/2000 Feb 848. Oasis - Go Let It Out 19/2/2000 849. All Saints - Pure Shores 26/2/2000 March 850. Madonna - American Pie 11/3/2000 851. Chicane featuring Bryan Adams - Don't Give Up 18/3/2000 852. Geri Halliwell - Bag It Up 25/3/2000 April 853. Melanie C with Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopes - Never Be The Same Again 1/4/2000 854. Westlife - Fool Again 8/4/2000 855. Craig David - Fill Me In 15/4/2000 856. Fragma Toca's Miracle 22/4/2000 May 857. Oxide & Neutrino - Bound 4 Da Reload (Casualty) 6/5/2000 858. Britney Spears - Oops!... I Did It Again 13/5/2000 859. Madison Avenue - Don't Call Me Baby 20/5/2000 860. Billie Piper - Day & Night 27/5/2000 June 861. Sonique - It Feels So Good 3/6/2000 (3 weeks) 862. Black Legend - You See The Trouble With Me 24/6/2000 July 863. Kylie Minogue - Spinning Around 1/7/2000 864. Eminem - Real Slim Shady 8/7/2000 865. Corrs - Breathless 15/7/2000 866. Ronan Keating - Life Is A Rollercoaster 22/7/2000 867. Five and Queen - We Will Rock You 29/7/2000 Aug 868. Craig David - 7 Days 5/8/2000 869. Robbie Williams - Rock DJ 12/8/2000 870. Melanie C- I Turn To You 19/8/2000 871. Spiller - Groovejet (If This Ain't Love) 26/8/2000 Sept 873. A1 - Take On Me 9/9/2000 874. Modjo - Lady (Hear Me Tonight) 16/9/2000 875. Mariah Carey & Westlife - Against All Odds 30/9/2000 Oct 876. All Saints - Black Coffee 14 Oct 877. U2 - Beautiful Day 21/10/2000 878. Steps - Stomp 28/10/2000 879. Spice Girls - Holler / Let Love Lead The Way 4/11/2000 880. Westlife - My Love 11/11/2000 881. A1 - Same Old Brand New You 18/11/2000 882. LeAnn Rimes - Can't Fight The Moonlight 25/11/2000 Dec 883. Destiny's Child - Independent Women Part 1 2/12/2000 884. S Club 7 - Never Had A Dream Come True 9/12/2000 885. Eminem Stan 16/12/2000 886. Bob The Builder - Can We Fix It 23/12/2000 (3 weeks) 2001 887. Rui Da Silva featuring Cassandra.. Touch Me 13/1/2001 888. Jennifer Lopez.. Love Don't Cost A Thing 20/1/2001 889. Limp Bizkit.. Rollin' 27/1/2001 Feb 890. Atomic Kitten.. Whole Again 10/2/2001 (4 weeks) March 891. Shaggy featuring Rikrok.. It Wasn't Me 10/3/2001 892. Westlife.. Uptown Girl 17/3/2001 893. Hear'Say.. Pure And Simple 24/3/2001 April 894. Emma Bunton.. What Took You So Long 14/4/2001 895. Destiny's Child.. Survivor 28/4/2001 May 896. S Club 7.. Don't Stop Movin' 5/5/2001 897. Geri Halliwell.. It's Raining Men 12/5/2001 June 898. DJ Pied Piper Do You Really Like It 2/6/2001 899. Shaggy featuring Rayvon.. Angel 9/6/2001 900. Christina Aguilera / Lil' Kim, Mya & Pink.. Lady Marmalade 30/6/2001 July 901. Hear'Say.. The Way To Your Love 7/7/2001 902. Roger Sanchez .. Another Chance 14/7/2001 903. Robbie Williams.. Eternity/The Road To Mandalay 21/7/2001 Aug 904. Atomic Kitten.. Eternal Flame 4/8/2001 905. So Solid Crew.. 21 Seconds 18/8/2001 906. Five.. Let's Dance 25/8/2001 Sept 907. Blue.. Too Close 8/9/2001 908. Bob The Builder.. Mambo No 5 15/9/2001 909. DJ Otzi.. Hey Baby 22/9/2001 910. Kylie Minogue.. Can't Get You Out Of My Head 29/9/2001 Oct 911. Afroman.. Because I Got High 27/10/2001 Nov 912. Westlife.. Queen of My Heart 17/11/2001 913. Blue.. If You Come Back 24/11/2001 Dec 914. S Club 7.. Have You Ever 1/12/2001 915. Daniel Bedingfield.. Gotta Get Thru This 8/12/2001 916. Robbie Williams and Nicole Kidman.. Somethin' Stupid 22/12/2001 2002 917. Aaliyah.. More Than A Woman 19/1/2002 918. George Harrison.. My Sweet Lord 26/1/2002 Feb 919. Enrique Iglesias.. Hero 2/2/2002 (4 weeks) March 920. Westlife.. World Of Our Own 2/3/2002 921. Will Young.. Anything Is Possible / Evergreen 9/3/2002 922. Gareth Gates.. Unchained Melody 30/3/2002 (4 weeks) April 923. Oasis.. The Hindu Times 27/4/2002 May 924. Sugababes.. Freak Like Me 4/5/2002 925. Holly Valance.. Kiss Kiss 11/5/2002 926. Ronan Keating.. If Tomorrow Never Comes 18/5/2002 927. Liberty X.. Just a Little 25/5/2002 June 928. Eminem.. Without Me 1/6/2002 929. Will Young.. Light My Fire 8/6/2002 930. Elvis vs JXL.. A Little Less Conversation 22/6/2002 (4 weeks) July 931. Gareth Gates.. Anyone Of Us (Stupid Mistake) 20/7/2002 Aug 933. Sugababes.. Round Round 24/8/2002 934. Blazin' Squad.. Crossroads 31/8/2002 Sept 935. Atomic Kitten.. The Tide Is High (Get The Feeling) 7/9/2002 936. Pink.. Just Like A Pill 28/9/2002 Oct 937. Will Young & Gareth Gates.. The Long And Winding Road / Suspicious Minds 5/10/2002 938. Las Ketchup.. The Ketchup Song (Asereje) 19/10/2002 939. Nelly feat. Kelly Rowland.. Dilemma 26/10/2002 Nov 940. DJ Sammy & Yanou feat. Do Heaven 9/11/2002 941. Westlife.. Unbreakable 16/11/2002 942. Christina Aguilera.. Dirty 23/11/2002 Dec 943. Daniel Bedingfield.. If You're Not The One 7/12/2002 944. Eminem.. Lose Yourself 14/12/2002 945. Blue feat. Elton John.. Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word 21/12/2002 946. Girls Aloud.. Sound Of The Underground 28/12/2002 (4 weeks) 2003 947: David Sneddon: Stop Living The Lie 25/1/2003 Feb 948: Tatu: All The Things She Said 8/2/2003 March 949: Christina Aguilera: Beautiful 8/3/2003 950: Gareth Gates: Spirit In The Sky 22/3/2003 April 951: Room 5 feat. Oliver Cheatham: Make Luv 5/4/2003 May 952: Busted: You Said No 3/5/2003 953: Tomcraft: Loneliness 10/5/2003 954: R Kelly: Ignition 17/5/2003 June 955: Evanescence: Bring Me To Life 14/6/2003 July 956: Beyonce: Crazy In Love 12/7/2003 Aug 957: Daniel Bedingfield: Never Gonna Leave Your Side 2/8/2003 958: Blu Cantrell Feat. Sean Paul: Breathe 9/8/2003 Sept 959: Elton John: Are You Ready For Love? 6/9/2003 960: Black Eyed Peas: Where Is The Love? 13/9/2003 (6 weeks) Oct 961: Sugababes: Hole In The Head 25/10/2003 Nov 962: Fatman Scoop: Be Faithful 1/11/2003 963: Kylie Minogue: Slow 15/11/2003 964: Busted: Crashed The Wedding 22/11/2003 965: Westlife: Mandy 29/11/2003 966: Will Young: Leave Right Now 6/12/2003 967: Kelly & Ozzy Osbourne: Changes 20/12/2003 968: Michael Andrews feat. Gary Jules: Mad World 27/12/2003 2004 969: Michelle McManus: All This Time 17/1/2004 February 970: LMC V U2: Take Me To The Clouds Above 7/2/2004 971: Sam & Mark: With A Little Help From My Friends / Measure Of A Man 21/2/2004 972: Busted: Who's David 28/2/2004 March 973: Peter Andre: Mysterious Girl 6/3/2004 974: Britney Spears: Toxic 13/3/2004 975: DJ Casper Cha Cha Slide 20/3/2004 976: Usher: Yeah 27/3/2004 977: McFly: Five Colours In Her Hair 10/4/2004 978: Eamon: Fk It (I Don't Want You Back) 24/4/2004 (4 weeks) May 979: Frankee: F.U.R.B (F U Right Back) 22/5/2004 June 980: Mario Winans feat. Enya & P.Diddy: I Don't Wanna Know 12/6/2004 981: Britney Spears: Everytime 26/6/2004 July 984: Shapeshifters: Lola's Theme 24/7/2004 985: The Streets: Dry Your Eyes 31/7/2004 August 986: Busted: Thunderbirds / 3AM 7/8/2004 987: 3 Of A Kind: Babycakes 21/8/2004 988: Natasha Bedingfield: These Words 28/8/2004 September 989: Nelly: My Place / Flap Your Wings 11/9/2004 990: Brian McFadden: Real To Me 18/9/2004 991: Eric Prydz: Call On Me 25/9/2004 October 992: Robbie Williams: Radio 16/10/2004 November 993: Ja Rule feat. R.Kelly & Ashanti: Wonderful 6/11/2004 994: Eminem: Just Lose It 13/11/2004 995: U2: Vertigo 20/11/2004 996: Girls Aloud: I'll Stand By You 27/11/2004 December 997: Band Aid 20: Do They Know It's Christmas 11/12/2004 (4 weeks) 2005 998: Steve Brookstein - Against All Odds ..8/1/2005 X Factor winner 999: Elvis Presley - Jailhouse Rock .. 15/1/2005 (No.1 Jan 24th 1958) 1000: Elvis Presley - One Night .. 22/1/2005 (No.1 Jan 30th 1959) 1001:Ciara feat. Petey Pablo - Goodies .. 29/1/2005 February 1002: Elvis Presley - It's Now Or Never .. 5/2/2005 (No.1 Nov 3rd 1960) 1003: Eminem - Like Toy Soldiers .. 12/2/2005 1004: U2 - Sometimes You Cant Make It On Your Own .. 19/2/2005 1005: Jennifer Lopez - Get Right .. 26/2/2005 March 1006: Nelly featuring Tim McGraw - Over and Over .. 5/3/2005 1007: Stereophonics - Dakota .. 12/3/2005 1008: McFly - All About You / You've Got A Friend 19/3/2005 Official Comic Relief single 1009: Tony Christie feat. Peter Kay (Is This The Way To) Amarillo .. 26/3/2005 (7) The 2nd Comic Relief single May 1010: Akon - Lonely .. 14/5/05 (2) 1011: Oasis - Lyla .. 28/5/05 (1) June 1012: Crazy Frog - Axel F .. 05/6/2005 (4) in@ No.1 (First RINGTONE to chart in UK) July 1013: 2Pac feat. Elton John - Ghetto Gospel .. 2/7/2005 1014: James Blunt - You're Beautiful .. 23/7/2005 August 1015: McFly - I'll Be OK .. 27/8/2005 September 1016: Oasis - The Importance Of Being Idle .. 3/9/2005 1017: Gorillaz - Dare .. 10/9/2005 1018: Pussycat Dolls Ft Busta Rhymes - Don't Cha .. 17/9/2005 October 1019: Sugababes - Push The Button .. 8/10/2005 (3) 1020: Arctic Monkeys - I Bet You Look Good On The Dancefloor .. 29/10/2005 (1) .. November 1021: Westlife - You Raise Me Up ..5/11/05 (2) 1022: Madonna - Hung Up .. 19/11/05 (3) December 1023: Pussycat Dolls - Stickwitu ..10/12/05 (2) 1024: Nizlopi - JCB Song .. 24/12/05 (1) 1025: Shayne Ward - That's My Goal .. 31/12/05 (4) in@ No.1 X Factor winner 2006 1026: Arctic Monkeys - When The Sun Goes Down .. 28/1/06 (1) in@ No.1 .. February 1027: Notorious BIG/ P Diddy/ Nelly - Nasty Girl .. 4/2/06 (2) 1028: Meck Ft Leo Sayer - Thunder In My Heart Again .. 18/2/06 (2) in@ No.1 .. March 1029: Madonna - Sorry .. 4/3/06 (1) in@ No.1 1030: Chico - It's Chico Time .. 11/3/06 (2) in@ No.1 1031: Orson - No Tomorrow .. 25/3/06 (1) .. April 1032: NeYo - So Sick .. 1/4/06 (1) 1033: Gnarls Barkley - Crazy .. 8/4/06 (9) in@ No.1 June 1034: Sandi Thom - I Wish I A Punk Rocker .. 10/6/06 (1) .. 1035: Nelly Furtado - Maneater .. 17/6/06 (3) July 1036: Shakira Ft Wyclef Jean - Hips Don't Lie .. 8/7/06 (1) 1037: Lily Allen - Smile .. 15/7/06 (2) 1038: McFly - Don't Stop Me Now/please Please .. 29/7/06 (1) in@ No.1 .. August r/e. : Shakira Ft Wyclef Jean - Hips Don't Lie .. 5/8/06 (4) September 1039: Beyonce Ft Jay-z - Deja Vu .. 2/9/06 (1) 1040: Justin Timberlake - Sexyback .. 9/9/06 (1) in@ No.1.. 1041: Scissor Sisters - I Don't Feel Like Dancin' .. 16/9/06 (4) October 1042: Razorlight - America .. 14/10/06 (1).. 1043: My Chemical Romance - Welcome To The Black Parade .. 21/10/06 (2).. November 1044: McFly - Star Girl .. 4/11/06 (1) in@ No.1 .. 1045: Fedde Le Grand - Put Your Hands Up For Detroit ..11/11/06 (1) .. 1046: Westlife - The Rose .. 18/11/06 (1) in@ No.1 1047: Akon Ft Eminem - Smack That .. 25/11/2006 (1) December 1048: Take That - Patience .. 2/12/2006 (4) 1049: Leona Lewis - A Moment Like This .. 30/12/2006 (4) in@ No.1 .. X Factor winner 2007 1050: Mika - Grace Kelly .. 27/01/07 (5) .. March 1051: Kaiser Chiefs - Ruby .. 03/03/07 (1) .. 1052: Take That - Shine .. 10/03/07 (2) 1053: Sugababes Vs Girls Aloud - Walk This Way .. 24/03/07 (2) The official Comic Relief single 1054: Proclaimers/B.Potter/A.Pipkin - I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) .. 31/03/07 (3) in@ No.1 also released for the Comic Relief charity. Its sales were double that of the "official" Comic Relief single. April 1055: Timbaland/Nelly Furtado/Justin Timberlake - Give It To Me .. 21/04/07 (1) 1056: Beyonce & Shakira - Beautiful Liar .. 28/04/07 (4) .. May 1057: McFly - Baby's Coming Back/Transylvania .. 19/05/07 (1) in@ No.1 1058: Rihanna ft Jay.Z - Umbrella .. 26/05/07 (10) in@ No.1 August 1059: Timbaland Ft Keri Hilson - The Way I Are .. 4/08/07 (2).. 1060: Robyn With Kleerup - With Every Heartbeat .. 18/08/2007 (1) 1061: Kanye West - Stronger .. 25/08/2007 (2) September 1062: Sean Kingston - Beautiful Girls .. 08/09/2007 (4) October 1063: Sugababes - About You Now .. 06/10/2007 (4) November 1064: Leona Lewis - Bleeding Love .. 03/11/2007 (7) in@ No.1 .. December 1065: Eva Cassidy & Katie Melua - What A Wonderful World .. 22/12/2007 (1) in@ No.1 .. 1066: Leon Jackson - When You Believe .. 29/12/2007 (3) in@ No.1 X Factor winner 2008 1067: Basshunter Ft. Dj Mental Theo - Now You're Gone .. w/e 19/01/2008 (5) February 1068: Duffy - Mercy .. w/e 23/02/2008 (5) in@ No.1 March 1069: Estelle Ft Kanye West - American Boy .. w/e 29/03/2008 (4) in@ No.1 .. April 1070: Madonna Ft Justin Timberlake - 4 Minutes .. w/e 26/04/2008 (4) May 1071: Ting Tings - That's Not My Name .. w/e 24/05/2008 (1) in@ No.1 1072: Rihanna - Take A Bow .. 31/05/2008 (2) June 1073: Mint Royale - Singin' In The Rain .. 14/06/2008 (2) in@ No.1 .. 1074: Coldplay - Viva La Vida .. 28/06/2008 (1) in@ No.1 July 1075: Ne-Yo . - Closer .. 05/07/2008 (1) 1076: Dizzee Rascal /Calvin Harris /Chrome - Dance Wiv Me .. 12/07/2008 (4) in@ No.1 August 1077: Kid Rock - All Summer Long .. 09/08/2008 (1) .. 1078: Katy Perry - I Kissed A Girl .. 16/08/2008 (5) September 1079: Kings Of Leon - Sex On Fire .. 20/09/2008 (3) in@ No.1 .. October 1080: Pink - So What .. 11th Oct (3) November 1081: Girls Aloud - The Promise .. 1st Nov (1) in@ No.1 1082: X Factor Finalists - Hero .. 7th Nov (3) in@ No.1 1083: Beyonce - If I Were A Boy .. 29 Nov (1) December 1084: Take That - Greatest Day .. 06 Dec (1) in@ No.1 .. 1085: Leona Lewis - Run .. 13 Dec (2) in@ No.1 1086: Alexandra Burke - Hallelujah .. 27 Dec (3) [email protected] X Factor winner 2009 1087: Lady Gaga - Just Dance .. w/e Jan 17th (3) February 1088: Lily Allen - The Fear.. w/e Feb 07th (4) in@ No.1 March 1089: Kelly Clarkson - My Life Would Suck Without You.. w/e March 07 (1) in@ No.1 1090: Flo Rida Ft Kesha - Right Round.. w/e March 14 (1) in@ No.1 .. No.2 in the charts .. "Just Can't Get Enough" - The Saturdays .. the first official Comic Relief single not to reach No.1 in 14 years. 1091: Jenkins/West/Jones/Gibb - Islands In The Stream.. w/e March 21 (1) in@ No.1 ..The second Comic Relief 2009 single. 1092: Lady Gaga - Poker Face.. w/e March 28 (3) April 1093: Calvin Harris - I'm Not Alone.. w/e April 18 (2) in@ No.1 May 1094: Tinchy Stryder Ft N-dubz - Number 1.. w/e May 02 (3) in@ No.1 1095: Black Eyed Peas - Boom Boom Pow.. w/e May 23 (1) in@ No.1 1096: Dizzee Rascal / Armand Van Helden - Bonkers.. w/e May 30 (2) in@ No.1 June r/e.. : Black Eyed Peas - Boom Boom Pow.. w/e June 13 (1) 1097: Pixie Lott - Mama Do.. w/e June 20 (1) in@ No.1 1098: David Guetta Ft Kelly Rowland - When Love Takes Over.. w/e June 27 (1) .. July 1099: La Roux - Bulletproof.. w/e July 4 (1) in@ No.1 1100: Cascada - Evacuate The Dancefloor.. w/e 11 July (2) in@ No.1 1101: JLS - Beat Again.. w/e 25 July (1) in@ No.1 August 1102: Black Eyed Peas - I Gotta Feeling.. w/e 08 Aug (1) 1103: Tinchy Stryder Ft Amelle - Never Leave You.. w/e 15 Aug (1) in@ No.1 r/e ..: Black Eyed Peas - I Gotta Feeling.. w/e 22 Aug (1) 1104: David Guetta Ft Akon - Sexy Chick.. w/e 29 Aug (1) in@ No.1 .. September 1105: Dizzee Rascal - Holiday.. w/e 05 Sept (1) in@ No.1 1106: Jay-Z Ft Rihanna & Kanye West - Run This Town.. w/e 12 Sept (1) in@ No.1 .. 1107: Pixie Lott - Boys & Girls.. w/e 19 Sept (1) 1108: Taio Cruz - Break Your Heart.. w/e 26 Sept (3) in@ No.1 October 1109: Chipmunk - Oopsy Daisy.. w/e 17 Oct (1) in@ No.1 .. 1110: Alexandra Burke ft. Flo Rida - Bad Boys .. w/e 24 Oct (1) in@ No.1 .. 1111: Cheryl Cole - Fight For This Love.. w/e 31 Oct (2) in@ No.1 .. November 1112: JLS - Everybody In Love.. w/e 14 Nov (1) in@ No.1 .. 1113: Black Eyed Peas - Meet Me Halfway.. w/e 21 Nov (1) .. 1114: X Factor Finalists 2009 - You Are Not Alone.. w/e 28 Nov (1) in@ No.1 December 1115: Peter Kay's Animated All Star Band - BBC Children In Need Medley.. w/e 05 Dec (2) 1116: Lady Gaga - Bad Romance.. w/e 19 Dec (1) 1117: Rage Against the Machine - Killing In The Name.. w/e 26 Dec (1) in@ No.1 2010 1118: Joe McElderry - The Climb.. w/e 02 Jan (1) X Factor winner r/e....: Lady Gaga - Bad Romance.. w/e 09 Jan (1) .. 1119: Iyaz - Replay.. w/e 16 Jan (2) in@ No.1 1120: Owl City - Fireflies.. w/e 30 Jan (3) .. February 1121: Helping Haiti - Everybody Hurts.. w/e 20 Feb (2) in@ No.1 March 1122: Jason Derulo - In My Head.. w/e 06 March (1) in@ No.1 1123: Tinie Tempah - Pass Out.. w/e 13 March (2) in@ No.1 .. 1124: Lady Gaga ft. Beyoncé - Telephone.. w/e 27 March (2) April 1125: Scouting for Girls - This Ain't A Love Song.. w/e 10 April (2) in@ No.1 .. 1126: Usher ft. will.i.am - OMG.. w/e 24 April (1) May 1127: Diana Vickers - Once.. w/e 01 May (1) in@ No.1 1128: Roll Deep - Good Times.. w/e 08 May (3) in@ No.1 .. 1129: B.o.B ft Bruno Mars - Nothin' On You.. w/e 29 May (1) in@ No.1 June 1130: Dizzee Rascal - Dirtee Disco.. w/e 05 June (1) in@ No.1 .. 1131: David Guetta ft. Chris Willis - Gettin' Over You.. w/e 12 June (1) in@ No.1 .. 1132: Shout ft. Dizzee & James Corden - Shout For England.. w/e 19 June (2) in@ No.1 .. July 1133: Katy Perry ft.Snoop Dogg - California Gurls.. w/e 03 July (2) in@ No.1 .. 1134: JLS - The Club Is Alive.. w/e 17 July (1) in@ No.1 .. 1135: B.o.B ft. Hayley Williams - Airplanes.. w/e 24 July (1) .. 1136: Yolanda Be Cool Vs D Cup - We No Speak Americano.. w/e 31 July (1) .. August 1137: Wanted - All Time Low.. w/e 07 Aug (1) in@ No.1 .. 1138: Ne-Yo - Beautiful Monster.. w/e 14 Aug (1) in@ No.1 .. 1139: Flo Rida Club ft. David Guetta - Can't Handle Me.. w/e 21 Aug (1) 1140: Roll Deep - Green Light.. w/e 28 Aug (1) in@ No.1 .. September 1141: Taio Cruz - Dynamite.. w/e 04 Sept (1) in@ No.1 1142: Olly Murs - Please Don't Let Me Go.. w/e 11 Sept (1) in@ No.1 1143: Alexandra Burke ft. Laza Morgan - Start Without You.. w/e 18 Sept (2) in@ No.1 .. October 1144: Bruno Mars - Just the Way You Are (Amazing).. w/e 02 Oct (1) in@ No.1 .. 1145: Tinie Tempah - Written In The Stars.. w/e 09 Oct (1) in@ No.1 .. 1146: Cee Lo Green - Forget You.. w/e 16 Oct (2) in@ No.1 r/e...: Bruno Mars - Just the Way You Are (Amazing).. w/e 30 Oct (1) .. November 1147: Cheryl Cole - Promise This.. w/e 06 Nov (1) in@ No.1 1148: Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World).. w/e 13 Nov (2) .. 1149: JLS - Love You More.. w/e 27 Nov (1) in@ No.1 . December 1150: The X Factor Finalists 2010 - Heroes.. w/e 04 Dec (2) in@ No.1 . 1151: The Black Eyed Peas - The Time (Dirty Bit).. w/e 18 Dec (1). 1152: Matt Cardle - When We Collide.. w/e 25 Dec (3) in@ No.1 X Factor winner 2011 1153: Rihanna ft. Drake - What's My Name.. w/e 15 Jan (1). 1154: Bruno Mars - Grenade.. w/e 22 Jan (2) in@ No.1. February 1155: Kesha - We R Who We R.. w/e 05 Feb (1) 1156: Jessie J ft. B.o.B - Price Tag.. w/e 12 Feb (2) in@ No.1 1157: Adele - Someone Like You.. w/e 26 Feb (4) March 1158: Nicole Scherzinger - Don't Hold Your Breath.. w/e 26 March (1) in@ No.1 April r/e.,.: Adele - Someone Like You.. w/e 02 April (1) 1159: Jennifer Lopez ft. Pitbull - On The Floor.. w/e 09 April (2) in@ No.1 1160: LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem.. w/e 23 April (4). May 1161: Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song.. w/e 21 May (1). 1162: Pitbull ft. Ne-Yo, Afrojack & Nayer - Give Me Everything.. w/e May 28 (3) June 1163: Example - Changed The Way You Kiss Me.. w/e 18 June (2) in@ No.1. July 1164: Jason Derulo - Don't Wanna Go Home.. w/e 02 July (2) in@ No.1. 1165: DJ Fresh ft. Sian Evans - Louder.. w/e 16 July (1) in@ No.1 1166: The Wanted - Glad You Came.. w/e 23 July (2) in@ No.1 August 1167: JLS ft. Dev - She Makes Me Wanna.. w/e 06 Aug (1) in@ No.1 1168: Cher Lloyd - Swagger Jagger.. w/e 13 Aug (1) in@ No.1 1169: Nero - Promises.. w/e 20 Aug (1) in@ No.1 1170: Wretch 32 ft.Josh Kumra - Don't Go.. w/e 27 Aug (1) in@ No.1 September 1171: Olly Murs ft. Rizzle Kicks - Heart Skips A Beat.. w/e 03 Sept (1) in@ No.1. 1172: Example - Stay Awake.. w/e 10 Sept (1) in@ No.1 1173: Pixie Lott - All About Tonight.. w/e 17 Sept (1) in@ No.1. 1174: One Direction - What Makes You Beautiful.. w/e 24 Sept (1) in@ No.1. October 1175: Dappy - No Regrets.. w/e 01 Oct (1) in@ No.1 1176: Sak Noel - Loca People .. w/e 08 Oct (1) in@ No.1. 1177: Rihanna ft.Calvin Harris - We Found Love .. w/e 15 Oct (3) in@ No.1 . November 1178: Professor Green ft.Emeli Sande - Read All About It .. w/e 05 Nov (2) [email protected] . R / E: Rihanna ft.Calvin Harris - We Found Love .. w/e 26 Nov (3) December 1179: The X Factor Finalists 2011 - Wishing On A Star .. w/e Dec 10 (1) [email protected] 1180: Olly Murs - Dance With Me Tonight .. w/e Dec 17 (1) 1181: Little Mix - Cannonball .. w/e Dec 24 (1) [email protected] X Factor winner 1182: Military Wives with Gareth Malone - Wherever You Are .. w/e Dec 31 (1) [email protected] 2012 1183: Coldplay - Paradise .. w/e Jan 7 (1) 1184: Flo Rida - Good Feeling .. w/e Jan 14 (1) 1185: Jessie J - Domino .. w/e Jan 21 (2) February 1186: Cover Drive - Twilight .. Feb 04 (1) [email protected] 1187: David Guetta ft Sia - Titanium .. Feb 11 (1) 1188: Gotye Somebody ft Kimbra - That I Used To Know .. Feb 18 (1) 1189: DJ Fresh ft. Rita Ora - Hot Right Now .. Feb 25 (1) March R / E: Gotye ft Kimbra - SomebodyThat I Used To Know .. March 03 (4) 1190: Katy Perry - Part Of Me .. March 31 (1) in@ No.1 April 1191: Chris Brown - Turn Up The Music .. April 07 (1) [email protected] 1192: Carly Rae Jepsen - Call Me Maybe .. April 14 (4) May 1193: Tulisa - Young .. w/e May 12 (1) [email protected] 1194: Rita Ora ft.Tinie Tempah - R.I.P .. w/e May 19 (2) [email protected] June 1195: fun ft. Janelle Monae - We Are Young .. w/e June 2 (1) 1196: Rudimental ft. John Newman - Feel The Love .. w/e June 9 (1) [email protected] 1197: Gary Barlow & The Commonwealth Band - Sing .. w/e June 16 (1) 1198: Cheryl - Call My Name .. w/e June 23 (1) [email protected] 1199: Maroon 5 ft. Wiz Khalifa - Payphone .. w/e June 30 (1) [email protected] July 1200: will.i.am ft. Eva Simons - This Is Love .. w/e July 7 (1) [email protected] R / E: Maroon 5 ft.Wiz Khalifa - Payphone .. w/e July 14 (1) 1201: Florence + the Machine (Calvin Harris Mix) - Spectrum (Say My Name) .. w/e July 21 (3) August 1202: Wiley ft. Rymez & Ms D - Heatwave .. w/e Aug 11 (2) [email protected] 1203: Rita Ora - How We Do (Party) .. w/e Aug 25 (1) [email protected] September 1204: Sam and The Womp - Bom Bom .. w/e Sept 01 (1) [email protected] 1205: Little Mix - Wings .. w/e Sept 08 (1) [email protected] 1206: Ne-Yo - Let Me Love You (Until You Learn To Love Yourself) .. w/e Sept 15 (1) [email protected] 1207: The Script feat. will.i.am - Hall Of Fame .. w/e Sept 22 (2) October 1208: PSY - Gangnam Style .. w/e Oct 06 (1) 1209: Rihanna - Diamonds .. w/e Oct 13 (1) [email protected] 1210: Swedish House Mafia ft.John Martin - Don't You Worry Child .. w/e Oct 20 (1) [email protected] 1211: Calvin Harris ft.Florence Welch - Sweet Nothing .. w/e Oct 27 (1) [email protected] November 1212: Labrinth ft. Emeli Sande - Beneath Your Beautiful .. w/e Nov 03 (1) 1213: Robbie Williams - Candy .. w/e Nov 10 (2) [email protected] 1214: One Direction - Little Things .. Nov 24 (1) [email protected] December 1215: Olly Murs ft. Flo Rida - Troublemaker .. Dec 01 (2) [email protected] 1216: Gabrielle Aplin - The Power Of Love .. Dec 15 (1) 1217: James Arthur - Impossible .. Dec 22 (1) [email protected] the fastest-selling X Factor single of all time (to date) reaching 255,000 downloads within 48 hours 1218: The Justice Collective - He Ain't Heavy He's My Brother .. Dec 29 (1) [email protected]. 2013 R/E .: James Arthur - Impossible .. Jan 05 (2) 1219: will.i.am feat. Britney Spears - Scream & Shout .. Jan 19 (2) February 1220: Bingo Players ft. Far East Movement - Get Up (Rattle) .. Feb 02 (2) [email protected] 1221: Macklemore - Thrift Shop .. w/e Feb 16 (1) 1222: Avicii vs Nicky Romero - I Could Be The One .. w/e Feb 23 (1) [email protected] March 1223: One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks) - One Direction .. w/e March 02 (1) [email protected] The official Comic Relief 2013 single. 1224: Justin Timberlake - Mirrors .. w/e March 09 (3) 1225: The Saturdays ft Sean Paul - What About Us .. March 30 (1) [email protected] April 1226: PJ & Duncan - Let's Get Ready To Rhumble .. April 06 (1) first released July 11th 1994 peaking at No.9. ~ re-released in March 2013, with royalties from sales to be donated to the charity ChildLine. 1227: Duke Dumont ft. AME - Need U (100%) .. April 13 (2) [email protected] 1228: Rudimental ft. Ella Eyre - Waiting All Night .. April 27 (1) [email protected] May 1229: Daft Punk ft. Pharrell Williams - Get Lucky .. May 04 (4) June 1230: Naughty Boy ft. Sam Smith - La La La .. June 01 (1) [email protected] 1231: Robin Thicke ft. Pharrell Williams & T.I. - Blurred Lines .. June 08 (4) [email protected] July 1232: Icona Pop ft. Charli XCX - I Love It .. July 06 (1) [email protected] 1233: John Newman - Love Me Again .. July 13 (1) [email protected] R/E .: Robin Thicke ft. Pharrell Williams & T.I. - Blurred Lines .. July 20 (1) 1234: Avicii - Wake Me Up .. July 27 (3) [email protected] August 1235: Miley Cyrus - We Can't Stop .. Aug 17 (1) [email protected] 1236: Ellie Goulding - Burn .. Aug 24 (3) [email protected] September 1237: Katy Perry - Roar .. Sept 14 (2) [email protected] 1238: Jason Derulo ft. 2 Chainz - Talk Dirty .. Sept 28 (2) [email protected] October 1239: OneRepublic - Counting Stars .. Oct 12 (1) 1240: Miley Cyrus - Wrecking Ball .. Oct 19 (1) [email protected] R/E .: OneRepublic - Counting Stars .. Oct 26 (1) November 1241: Lorde - Royals .. Nov 02 (1) [email protected] 1242: Eminem ft Rihanna - The Monster .. Nov 09 (1) [email protected] 1243: Storm Queen - Look Right Through .. Nov 16 (1) 1244: Martin Garrix - Animals .. Nov 23 (1) [email protected] 1245: Lily Allen - Somewhere Only We Know .. Nov 30 (1) December 1246: Calvin Harris/Alesso/Hurts - Under Control .. Dec 07 (1) [email protected] R/E .:.Lily Allen - Somewhere Only We Know .. Dec 14 (2) 1247: Sam Bailey - Skyscaper .. Dec 28 (1) [email protected] Xmas No.1 2014 1248: Pharrell Williams - Happy .. Jan 04 (1). 1249: Pitbull ft Kesha - Timber .. Jan 11 (1) [email protected]. R/E .: Pharrell Williams - Happy .. Jan 18 (2). February 1250: Clean Bandit ft. Jess Glynne - Rather Be .. Feb 01 (4) [email protected] March 1251: Sam Smith - Money On My Mind .. March 01 (1) [email protected]. R/E .: Pharrell Williams - Happy .. March 08 (1). 1252: Route 94 ft. Jess Glynne - My Love .. March 15 (1) [email protected]. 1253: DVBBS & Borgeous ft Tinie Tempah - Tsunami (Jump) .. March 22 (1) [email protected]. 1254: Duke Dumont ft Jax Jones - I Got U .. March 29 (1) [email protected] April 1255: 5 Seconds Of Summer - She Looks So Perfect .. April 05 (1) [email protected]. 1256: Aloe Blacc - The Man .. April 12 (1) [email protected]. 1257: Sigma - Nobody To Love .. April 19 (1) [email protected]. 1258: Kiesza - Hidaway .. April 26 (1) [email protected] May 1259: Mr Probz - Waves .. May 03 (1) [email protected]. 1260: Calvin Harris - Summer .. May 10 (1) [email protected]. R/E .: Mr Probz - Waves .. May 17 (1). 1261: Rita Ora - I Will Never Let You Down .. May 24 (1) [email protected]. 1262: Sam Smith - Stay With Me .. May 31 (1) [email protected] June 1263: Secondcity - I Wanna Feel .. June 07 (1) [email protected] 1264: Ed Sheeran - Sing .. June 14 (1) [email protected] 1265: Ella Henderson - Ghost .. June 21 (2) [email protected] July 1266: Oliver Heldens & Becky Hill - Gecko (Overdrive) .. July 05 (1) [email protected] 1267: Ariana Grande ft Iggy Azalea - Problem .. July 12 (1) [email protected] 1268: Will.i.am ft. Cody Wise - It's My Birthday .. July 19 (1) [email protected] 1269: Rixton - Me And My Broken Heart .. July 26 (1) [email protected] August 1270: Cheryl Cole ft Tinie Tempah - Crazy Stupid Love .. Aug 02 (1) [email protected] 1271: Magic - Rude .. Aug 09 (1) 1272: Nico & Vinz - Am I Wrong .. Aug 16 (2) 1273: David Guetta ft. Sam Martin - Lovers On The Sun .. Aug 30 (1) [email protected] September 1274: Lilly Wood & Robin Schulz - Prayer in C .. Sept 06 (2) . 1275: Calvin Harris ft. John Newman - Blame .. Sept 20 (1) [email protected] 1276: Sigma ft. Paloma Faith - Changing .. Sept 27 (1) October 1277: Jesse J / Grande / Minaj - Bang Bang .. Oct 04 (1) [email protected] . 1278: Meghan Trainor - All About That Bass .. Oct 11 (4) . November 1279: Ed Sheeran - Thinking Out Aloud .. Nov 08 (1) 1280: Cheryl - I Don't Care - Cheryl .. Nov 15 (1) [email protected] 1281: Gareth Malone's All Star Choir - Wake Me Up .. Nov 22 (1) [email protected] 1282: Band Aid 30 - Do They Know It's Christmas .. Nov 29 (1) [email protected] December 1283: Take That - These Days .. Dec 06 (1) [email protected] R/E:.: Ed Sheeran - Thinking Out Aloud .. Dec 13 (1) 1284: Mark Ronson ft. Bruno Mars - Uptown Funk .. Dec 20 (1) [email protected] 1285: Ben Haenow - Something I Need .. Dec 27 (1) [email protected] 2015 R/E:.: Mark Ronson ft. Bruno Mars - Uptown Funk .. Jan 03 (6) February 1286: Ellie Goulding - Love Me Like You Do .. Feb 14 (4) [email protected] March 1287: Years & Years - King .. March 14 (1) [email protected] 1288: Sam Smith ft.John Legend - Lay Me Down .. March 21 (2) [email protected] April 1289: Jess Glynne - Hold My Hand .. April 04 (3) [email protected] 1290: Wiz Khalifa ft. Charlie Puth - See You Again .. April 25 (2) May 1291: OMI - Cheerleader .. May 09 (4) June 1292: Jason Derulo - Want To Want Me .. June 06 (4) [email protected] July 1293: Tinie Tempah ft Jesse Glynne - Not Letting Go .. July 04 (1) WEEK ENDING DATE CHANGES TO FRIDAYS 1294: Lost Frequences - Are You With Me .. July 09 (1) 1295: David Zowie - House Every Weekend .. July 16 (1) 1296: Little Mix - Black Magic .. July 23 (3) [email protected] August 1297: One Direction - Drag Me Down .. Aug 13 (1) [email protected] 1298: Charlie Puth ft Meghan Trainor - Marvin Gaye .. Aug 20 (1) 1299: Jess Glynne - Don't Be So Hard on Yourself .. Aug 27 (1) September 1300: Rachel Platten - Fight Song .. Sept 03 (1) 1301: Justin Bieber - What Do You Mean .. Sept 10 (1) [email protected] 1302: Sigala - Easy Love .. Sept 17 (1) R/E:.: Justin Bieber - What Do You Mean .. Sept 24 (2) October 1303: Sam Smith - Writing On The Wall .. Oct 08 (1) [email protected]. R/E:.: Justin Bieber - What Do You Mean .. Oct 15 (2) 1304: KDA ft Tinie Tempah & Katy B - Turn The Music Louder (Rumble) .. Oct 29 (1) [email protected] November 1305: Adele - Hello .. Nov 05 (3) [email protected] 1306: Justin Bieber - Sorry .. Nov 26 (2) December 1307: Justin Bieber - Love Yourself .. Dec 10 (3) 1308: Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Choir - A Bridge Over You .. Dec 31 (1) [email protected] 2016 January R/E:.: Justin Bieber - Love Yourself .. Jan 07 (3) Jan 8th - Jan 14th Justin Bieber holds the 1st, 2nd, 3rd position on the charts; a first in UK chart history 1309: Shawn Mendes - Stitches . . Jan 28 (2) February 1310: Zayn - Pillowtalk . . Feb 11 (1) in@ No.1 1311: Lukas Graham - 7 Years . . Feb 18 (5) March 1312: Mike Posner - I Tool A Pill In Ibiza .. March 24 (4) April 1313: Drake ft. Wizkid & Kyla - One Dance .. April 21 (15) August 1314: Major Lazer/Justin Beiber/Mo - Cold Water .. Aug 04 (5) September 1315: Chainsmoker ft Halsey - Closer .. Sept 08 (4) October 1316: James Arthur - Say You Won't Let Go .. Oct 06 (3) 1317: Little Mix - Shout Out To My Ex .. Oct 27 (3) [email protected] November 1318: Clean Bandit - Rockabye .. Nov 17 (9) Christmas No.1 2017 January 1319: Ed Sheeran - Shape Of You .. w/e Jan 19 (1) [email protected] "Shape of You" and Ed Sheeran's "Castle on the Hill" debuted on UK Singles Chart at No1 & No.2, the first time in history an artist has taken the top two chart positions with new releases. UPDATED: January 13th 2016. A FEW FACTS (UK Singles charts) Most Consecutive Weeks at No.1 16 weeks: Bryan Adams - (Everything I Do) I Do It For You .. 1991 Most Weeks at No.1 18 weeks: Frankie Laine's - I Believe In 1953 it topped the chart on three separate occasions Longest Time For A Track To Get To No.1 33 Years, 3 Months, and 27 Days. Tony Christie "(Is This The Way To) Amarillo" w/e November 27th 1971 - it reached No.18. w/e March 26th 2005 - it reached No.1 with the re-release, after comedian Peter Kaye sung the song and made an amusing video with it, featuring many other celebrities. It was in aid of Comic Relief. it beat the previous record of 29 Years, 1 Month, and 11 Days Jackie Wilson -"Reet Petite (The Sweetest Girl in Town)" the original subtitle: (The Finest Girl You Ever Want To Meet) w/e November 15th 1957 - it reached No.6 in the UK charts w/e December 29th 1986 - it reached No.1 , two years after his death, when it was re-released after being used on an advert for Levi Jeans . Until 1983, the chart was made available on Tuesdays. Due to improved technology, from January 1983 it was released on the Sunday. The convention of using Saturday as the 'week-ending' date has remained constant throughout. JULY 2015 .. WEEK-ENDING DATE CHANGES TO THURSDAYS AND RELEASED ON FRIDAYS Information up to 2004 is from the "Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums" 2004 onwards from BBC Radio 1 *****************************************	i don't know

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