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Produced by David Edwards, Demian Katz and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (Images
courtesy of the Digital Library@Villanova University
(http://digital.library.villanova.edu/))
MOTOR STORIES
THRILLING
ADVENTURE
MOTOR
FICTION
NO. 10
MAY 1, 1909
FIVE
CENTS
MOTOR MATT'S
HARD LUCK
OR THE BALLOON
HOUSE PLOT
[Illustration: "This way, Dick" yelled Motor Matt
as he struck down one of the
ruffians.]
STREET & SMITH
PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK
MOTOR STORIES
THRILLING ADVENTURE MOTOR FICTION
_Issued Weekly. By subscription $2.50 per year. Entered according to
Act of Congress in the year 1909, in the Office of the Librarian of
Congress, Washington, D. C., by_ STREET & SMITH, _79-89 Seventh Avenue,
New York, N. Y._
No. 10. NEW YORK, May 1, 1909. Price Five Cents.
Motor Matt's Hard Luck
OR,
THE BALLOON-HOUSE PLOT.
By the author of "MOTOR MATT."
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. AN OLD FRIEND.
CHAPTER II. A TRAP.
CHAPTER III. OVERBOARD.
CHAPTER IV. RESCUED.
CHAPTER V. BUYING THE "HAWK."
CHAPTER VI. MATT SCORES AGAINST JAMESON.
CHAPTER VII. AT THE BALLOON HOUSE.
CHAPTER
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Produced by David Widger
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH
By Charles Dudley Warner
PREFACE
When I consented to prepare this volume for a series, which should
deal with the notables of American history with some familiarity and
disregard of historic gravity, I did not anticipate the seriousness of
the task. But investigation of the subject showed me that while Captain
John Smith would lend himself easily enough to the purely facetious
treatment, there were historic problems worthy of a different handling,
and that if the life of Smith was to be written, an effort should be
made to state the truth, and to disentangle the career of the adventurer
from the fables and misrepresentations that have clustered about it.
The extant biographies of Smith, and the portions of the history of
Virginia that relate to him, all follow his own narrative, and accept
his estimate of himself, and are little more than paraphrases of his
story as told by himself. But within the last twenty years some new
contemporary evidence has come to light, and special scholars have
expended much critical research upon different portions of his career.
The result of this modern investigation has been to discredit much of
the romance gathered about Smith and Pocahontas, and a good deal to
reduce his heroic proportions. A vague report of--these scholarly
studies has gone abroad, but no effort has been made to tell the real
story of Smith as a connected whole in the light of the new researches.
This volume is an effort to put in popular form the truth about Smith's
adventures, and to estimate his exploits and character. For this purpose
I have depended almost entirely upon original contemporary material,
illumined as it now is by the labors of special editors.
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Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s Note: As a result of editorial shortcomings in the
original, some reference letters in the text don’t have matching entries
in the reference-lists, and vice versa.
THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD
[Illustration: MOMMSEN]
THE HISTORIANS’
HISTORY
OF THE WORLD
A comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations
as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:
edited, with the assistance of a distinguished board of advisers
and contributors, by
HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, LL.D.
[Illustration]
IN TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES
VOLUME VI--THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE
The Outlook Company
New York
The History Association
London
1904
COPYRIGHT, 1904,
BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.
_All rights reserved._
Press of J. J. Little & Co.
Astor Place, New York
Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.
Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.
Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.
Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.
Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.
Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.
Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.
Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.
Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marnali, University of Budapest.
Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.
Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.
Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Prof. F. York Powell, Oxford University.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.
Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna.
Prof. E. C. Fleming, University of West Virginia.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.
CONTENTS
VOLUME VI
THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE
PAGE
THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE: A SKETCH, by Dr. Otto Hirschfeld 1
INTRODUCTION
THE SCOPE, THE SOURCES AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF IMPERIAL
ROME 15
CHAPTER XXIX
THE EMPIRE AND THE PROVINCES (15 B.C.-14 A.D.) 25
Augustus makes Egypt his private province, 43. Administration
of the provinces, 47. Army and navy under Augustus, 49.
CHAPTER XXX
THE GERMAN PEOPLE AND THE EMPIRE (16 B.C.-19 A.D.) 56
The German War of Independence against Rome, 59. The battle
of Teutoburg Forest, 64. The campaigns of Germanicus, 69.
Victories of Germanicus, 71. Gruesome relics in Teutoburg
Forest, 72. The return march, 72. Battling with Arminius, 74.
Germanicus recalled to Rome, 76. End of Marboduus and Arminius,
76.
CHAPTER XXXI
THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS: ASPECTS OF ITS CIVILISATION (30 B.C.-14 A.D.) 78
Empire is peace, 78. Comparison between Augustus and Napoleon
III, 80. The Roman Empire compared with modern England, 84. The
Roman constitution, 86. Augustus named imperator for life, 87.
The imperator named Princeps Senatus and Pontifex Maximus, 88.
Tightening the reins of power, 90. Panem et Circenses: Food
and games, 91. Pauperising the masses, 92. Games: Gladiatorial
contests, 94. Races and theatricals, 96. Novum seculum: The
new birth for Rome, 97. Literature of the Golden Age, 101.
Merivale’s estimate of Livy, 107
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Produced by David Edwards, Mary Meehan and the Online
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produced by Microsoft for their Live Search Books site.)
GREAT MYSTERIES
AND LITTLE PLAGUES.
BY JOHN NEAL.
BOSTON:
ROBERTS BROTHERS.
1870.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by
ROBERTS BROTHERS,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Dist. of
Massachusetts.
STEREOTYPED BY REGAN & LEADBEATER,
55 Water Street.
[Illustration: CHILDREN--WHAT ARE THEY GOOD FOR?
"I'll give oo a _kith_ if oo want one!"]
PREFACE.
I hate prefaces; and the older I grow, the more I hate them, and the
more unwilling I am to transgress--in that way--with my eyes open.
But something must be said, I suppose, if only by way of an
advertisement, or warning.
When I had finished what one of my daughters persists in calling my
"NAUGHTY-BIOGRAPHY," and the other, "PERSONALITIES"--while my hair has
grown visibly thinner, I will not say under what kind of domestic
remonstrance from another quarter, and a very amiable, though witty
somebody writes it "_Maundering_ Recollections"--I had an idea that, if
I went further, I might be found "painting the lily, gilding refined
gold," etc., etc., and so I pulled up--for the present.
But this little book was already under way. I had promised it, and such
promises I
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Produced by the Mormon Texts Project
(http://mormontextsproject.org), with thanks to Christopher
Dunn for proofreading.
THE
BIBLE & POLYGAMY.
DOES THE BIBLE SANCTION POLYGAMY?
A DISCUSSION
BETWEEN
PROFESSOR ORSON PRATT,
One of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints,
AND
REV. DOCTOR J. P. NEWMAN,
Chaplain of the United States Senate,
IN THE NEW TABERNACLE, SALT LAKE CITY,
August 12, 13, and 14, 1870.
TO WHICH IS ADDED
THREE SERMONS ON THE SAME SUBJECT,
BY
PREST. GEORGE A. SMITH,
AND
ELDERS ORSON PRATT AND GEORGE Q. CANNON,
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH,
1874.
CORRESPONDENCE
BETWEEN
REVEREND DR. J. P. NEWMAN,
Pastor of the Metropolitan Methodist Church, Washington, D. C.,
AND
BRIGHAM YOUNG,
President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
-----
Salt Lake City, Aug. 6th, 1870.
TO PRESIDENT BRIGHAM YOUNG:
Sir:--In acceptance of the challenge given in your journal, "The Salt
Lake Daily Telegraph," of the 3rd of May last, to discuss the question,
"Does the Bible sanction polygamy?" I have hereby to inform you that I
am now ready to hold a public debate with you as the head of the Mormon
Church upon the above question, under such regulations as may be agreed
upon for said discussion; and I suggest for our mutual convenience
that, either by yourself or by two gentlemen whom you shall designate,
you may meet two gentlemen whom I will select for the purpose of making
all necessary arrangements for the debate, with as little delay as
possible. May I hope for a reply at your earliest convenience, and at
least not later than 3 o'clock to-day?
Respectfully, etc.,
J. P. NEWMAN.
-----
Salt Lake City, U. T., Aug. 6th, 1870.
REV. DR. J. P. NEWMAN:
Sir:--Yours of even date has just been received, in answer to which I
have to inform you that no challenge was ever given by me to any person
through the columns of the "Salt Lake Daily Telegraph," and this is the
first information I have received that any such challenge ever appeared.
You have been mis-informed with regard to the "Salt Lake Daily
Telegraph;" it was not my journal, but was owned and edited by Dr.
Fuller, of Chicago, who was not a member of our church, and I was not
acquainted with its columns.
Respectfully,
BRIGHAM YOUNG.
-----
Salt Lake City, Aug. 6, 1870.
TO PRESIDENT BRIGHAM YOUNG:
Sir:--I confess my disappointment at the contents of your note in reply
to mine of this date. In the far East it is impossible to distinguish
the local relations between yourself and those papers which advocate
the interests of your Church; and when the copy of the "Telegraph"
containing the article of the 3rd of May last, reached Washington, the
only construction put upon it by my friends was that it was a challenge
to me to come to your city and discuss the Bible doctrine of polygamy.
Had I chosen to put a different construction on that article, and
to take no further notice of it, you could then have adopted the
"Telegraph" as your organ and the said article as a challenge, which
I either could not or dared not accept. That I am justified in this
construction is clear from the following facts:
1. The article in the "Telegraph," of May 3rd, contains these
expressions, alluding to my sermon as reported in the N. Y. "Herald,"
it says: "The discourse was a lengthened argument to prove that the
Bible does not sustain polygamy. * * * * * * * * The sermon should have
been delivered in the New Tabernacle in this city, with ten thousand
Mormons to listen to it, and then Elder Orson Pratt, or some prominent
Mormon, should have had a hearing on the other side and the people been
allowed to decide. * * * * * Dr. Newman, by his very sermon, recognizes
the religious element of the question. * * * * Let us have a fair
contest of peaceful argument and let the best side win. * * * We will
publish their notices in the "Telegraph," report their discourses as
far as possible, use every influence in
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Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
A WORD TO WOMEN
by
MRS. HUMPHRY
("MADGE" OF "TRUTH")
Author of "Manners for Women," "Manners for Men," etc.
London
James Bowden
10, Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.
1898
* * * * *
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
_And Uniform with this Volume._
1. Manners for Men.
(_Thirty-sixth Thousand._)
2. Manners for Women.
(_Twentieth Thousand._)
One Shilling each.
LONDON: JAMES BOWDEN.
* * * * *
PREFACE
My book "Manners for Women" has met with such a kindly reception that I am
encouraged to follow it up with the present little volume. Of a less
practical character than the former, it yet follows out the same line of
thought, and is the fruit of many years' observation of my countrywomen in
that home life for which England is distinguished among nations.
C. E. HUMPHRY.
_London, 1898._
CONTENTS.
PAGE
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER 9
OUR SCHOOL-GIRLS 18
WHAT ABOUT SEWING? 25
MOTHERS AND SONS 32
OUR CLEVER CHILDREN 38
ULTRA-TIDINESS 46
GOOD MANNERS AT HOME 51
ARE WOMEN COWARDS? 57
A GLASS OF WINE 64
SOME OLD PROVERBS 70
CANDOUR AS A HOME COMMODITY 76
GOLDEN SILENCE 81
A SOCIAL CONSCIENCE 88
OUR DEBTS 94
THE DOMESTIC GIRL 102
THE GIRL-BACHELOR 108
THE MIDDLE-AGED CHAPERON 114
LIGHTHEARTEDNESS 117
A BIT OF EVERYDAY PHILOSOPHY 122
DEADLY DULNESS 129
THE PLEASURES OF MIDDLE AGE 136
GROWING OLD 145
A WORD TO WOMEN.
_MOTHER AND DAUGHTER._
[Sidenote: The golden mean.]
There is a happy medium between narrowness and latitude; between the
exiguity which confines the mind between canal-like borders and the broad,
expansive amplitude which allows it to flow with the freedom of a great
river, though within certain definite limits. The tendency of the moment
is towards breadth and the enlarging of borders, the setting back of
frontier lines, and even to ignoring them. "One must move with the times"
is a phrase constantly heard and read. It is true enough. One would not
willingly be left stranded on the shores of the past; but then, in the
effort to avoid this, one need not shape a wild and devious course. There
is always the golden mean attainable, though occasionally it needs some
seeking to find it.
[Sidenote: Some modern daughters.]
In nothing so much as the relations between mother and daughter is this
modern tendency prolific of difficulty. For some generations the rule of
severity that began with the Puritans has been gradually relaxing more and
more, and now the spectacle of a harsh-voiced, domineering young woman,
ordering her mother about, is by no means an infrequent one, detestable as
it is. Nor does she always content herself by merely ordering. Sometimes
she scolds as well! If the mother, in these revolutionary times, has any
chance of maintaining her own position as the elder and the wiser of the
two, she must keep her eyes open to the successive grooves of change down
which the world is spinning. The daughter must not be permitted to suspect
her of old-fashioned notions. That would be fatal!
[Sidenote: The bicycling craze.]
When the bicycle craze began many mothers disapproved of the exercise for
their girls. But with doctors recommending it, and the girls themselves
looking radiantly bright and healthy after a few preliminary trials, what
remained for the mother but to overcome her first dislike and do all she
could to persuade the father to buy bicycles for all the girls? The next
step was, often, to learn to ride herself, and to benefit enormously
thereby. The mother who failed to follow her daughters' lead in this
particular, as in others, proved that she was too narrow
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Produced by Al Haines
[Frontispiece: W. Clark Russell]
INTERNATIONAL SHORT STORIES
EDITED BY
WILLIAM PATTEN
A NEW COLLECTION OF
FAMOUS EXAMPLES
FROM THE LITERATURES
OF ENGLAND, FRANCE
AND AMERICA
ENGLISH
P F COLLIER & SON
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1910
BY P. F. COLLIER & SON
The use of the copyrighted stories in this collection has been
authorized in each case by their authors or by their representatives.
ENGLISH STORIES
THE TWO DROVERS ................. By Sir Walter Scott
MR. DEUCEACE................... By W. M. Thackeray
THE BROTHERS.................. Edward Bulmer Lytton
DOCTOR MANETTE'S MANUSCRIPT ........... By Charles Dickens
THE CALDRON OF OIL................. By Wilkie Collins
THE BURIAL OF THE TITHE ............... By Samuel Lover
THE KNIGHTSBRIDGE MYSTERY ............. By Charles Reade
THE COURTING OF DINAH SHADD ........... By Rudyard Kipling
THE SIRE DE MALETROIT'S DOOR........... By R. L. Stevenson
THE SECRET OF GORESTHORPE GRANGE
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HESIOD, THE HOMERIC HYMNS, AND HOMERICA
This file contains translations of the following works:
Hesiod: "Works and Days", "The Theogony", fragments of "The Catalogues
of Women and the Eoiae", "The Shield of Heracles" (attributed to
Hesiod), and fragments of various works attributed to Hesiod.
Homer: "The Homeric Hymns", "The Epigrams of Homer" (both attributed to
Homer).
Various: Fragments of the Epic Cycle (parts of which are sometimes
attributed to Homer), fragments of other epic poems attributed to Homer,
"The Battle of Frogs and Mice", and "The Contest of Homer and Hesiod".
This file contains only that portion of the book in English; Greek texts
are excluded. Where Greek characters appear in the original English
text, transcription in CAPITALS is substituted.
PREPARER'S NOTE: In order to make this file more accessible to the
average computer user, the preparer has found it necessary to re-arrange
some of the material. The preparer takes full responsibility for his
choice of arrangement.
A few endnotes have been added by the preparer, and some additions have
been supplied to the original endnotes of Mr. Evelyn-White's. Where this
occurs I have noted the addition with my initials "DBK". Some endnotes,
particularly those concerning textual variations in the ancient Greek
text, are here omitted.
PREFACE
This volume contains practically all that remains of the post-Homeric
and pre-academic epic poetry.
I have for the most part formed my own text. In the case of Hesiod I
have been able to use independent collations of several MSS. by Dr.
W.H.D. Rouse; otherwise I have depended on the apparatus criticus of
the several editions, especially that of Rzach (1902). The arrangement
adopted in this edition, by which the complete and fragmentary poems are
restored to the order in which they would probably have appeared had
the Hesiodic corpus survived intact, is unusual, but should not need
apology; the true place for the "Catalogues" (for example), fragmentary
as they are, is certainly after the "Theogony".
In preparing the text of the "Homeric Hymns" my chief debt--and it is a
heavy one--is to the edition of Allen and Sikes (1904) and to the series
of articles in the "Journal of Hellenic Studies" (vols. xv.sqq.) by T.W.
Allen. To the same scholar and to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press I
am greatly indebted for permission to use the restorations of the "Hymn
to Demeter", lines 387-401 and 462-470, printed in the Oxford Text of
1912.
Of the fragments of the Epic Cycle I have given only such as seemed to
possess distinct importance or interest, and in doing so have relied
mostly upon Kinkel's collection and on the fifth volume of the Oxford
Homer (1912).
The texts of the "Batrachomyomachia" and of the "Contest of Homer and
Hesiod" are those of Baumeister and Flach respectively: where I have
diverged from these, the fact has been noted.
Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Rampton, NR. Cambridge. Sept. 9th, 1914.
INTRODUCTION
General
The early Greek epic--that is, poetry as a natural and popular, and not
(as it became later) an artificial and academic literary form--passed
through the usual three phases, of development, of maturity, and of
decline.
No fragments which can be identified as belonging to the first period
survive to give us even a general idea of the history of the earliest
epic, and we are therefore thrown back upon the evidence of analogy
from other forms of literature and of inference from the two great
epics which have come down to us. So reconstructed, the earliest period
appears to us as a time of slow development in which the characteristic
epic metre, diction, and structure grew up slowly from crude elements
and were improved until the verge of maturity was reached.
The second period, which produced the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", needs
no description here: but it is very important to observe the effect
of these poems on the course of post-Homeric epic. As the supreme
perfection and universality of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey
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CHILDREN OF THE DAWN
OLD TALES OF GREECE
[Illustration: Each night Hero lighted her torch; each night Leander
swam across the narrow sea. _Page 117._]
CHILDREN OF THE DAWN OLD TALES OF GREECE
WRITTEN BY
ELSIE FINNIMORE BUCKLEY
INTRODUCTION BY ILLUSTRATIONS BY
ARTHUR SIDGWICK FRANK C PAPE
NEW YORK
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this volume is to present, in a form suitable for young
readers, a small selection from the almost inexhaustible
treasure-house of the ancient Greek tales, which abound (it is
needless to say) in all Greek poetry, and are constantly referred to
by the prose-writers. These stories are found, whether narrated at
length, or sometimes only mentioned in a cursory and tantalising
reference, from the earliest poets, Homer and Hesiod, through the
lyric age, and the Attic renaissance of the fifth century, when they
form the material of the tragic drama, down to the second century
B.C., when Apollodorus, the Athenian grammarian, made a prose
collection of them, which is invaluable. They reappear at Rome in the
Augustan age (and later), in the poems of Vergil, Ovid, and
Statius--particularly in Ovid's "Metamorphoses." Many more are
supplied by Greek or Roman travellers, scholars, geographers, or
historians, of the first three centuries of our era, such as
Strabo, Pausanias, Athenaeus, Apuleius and AElian. The tales are
various--stories of love, adventure, heroism, skill, endurance,
achievement or defeat. The gods take active part, often in conflict
with each other. The heroes or victims are men and women; and behind
all, inscrutable and inexorable, sits the dark figure of Fate. The
Greeks had a rare genius for storytelling of all sorts. Whether the
tales were of native growth, or imported from the East or
elsewhere--and both sources are doubtless represented--once they had
passed through the Greek hands, the Greek spirit, "finely touched to
fine issues," marked them for its own with the beauty, vivacity,
dramatic interest, and imaginative outline and detail, which were
never absent from the best Greek work, least of all during the
centuries that lie between Homer and Plato.
The eleven tales here presented from this vast store are (as will be
seen) very various both in date, character, and detail; and they seem
well chosen for their purpose. The writer of these English versions of
ancient stories has clearly aimed at a terse simplicity of style,
while giving full details, with occasional descriptive passages where
required to make the scene more vivid; and, for the same end, she has
rightly made free use of dialogue or soliloquy wherever the story
could thus be more pointedly or dramatically told.
The first story, called "The Riddle of the Sphinx," gives us in brief
the whole Theban tale, from King Laius and the magical building of the
city, to the incomparable scene from Sophocles' last play, describing
the "Passing of OEdipus." It even includes the heroic action of
Antigone, in burying with due rites her dead brother, in spite of the
tyrant's threats, and at the cost of her own life. No tale was more
often treated in ancient poetry than this tragedy of Thebes. Homer and
Hesiod both refer to it, AEschylus wrote a whole trilogy, and
Sophocles three separate dramas, on this theme. Euripides dealt with
it in his "Phoenissae," which survives, and in his "OEdipus and
Antigone," of which a few fragments remain. And several other poets
whose works are lost are known by the titles of their plays to have
dealt with the same subject.
One other tale in this selection rests in large measure on the Attic
drama--namely, the story of Alcestis, the fourth in this series. As
far as we know, Euripides alone of the ancients treated this theme, in
his beautiful and interesting play "
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WHAT KATY DID
By
SUSAN COOLIDGE
With Frontispiece in Color by Ralph Pallen Coleman
TO FIVE.
Six of us once, my darlings, played together
Beneath green boughs, which faded long ago,
Made merry in the golden summer weather,
Pelted each other with new-fallen snow.
Did the sun always shine? I can't remember
A single cloud that dimmed the happy blue,--
A single lightning-bolt or peal of thunder,
To daunt our bright, unfearing lives: can you?
We quarrelled often, but made peace as quickly,
Shed many tears, but laughed the while they fell,
Had our small woes, our childish bumps and bruises,
But Mother always "kissed and made them well."
Is it long since?--it seems a moment only:
Yet here we are in bonnets and tail-coats,
Grave men of business, members of committees,
Our play-time ended: even Baby votes!
And star-eyed children, in whose innocent faces
Kindles the gladness which was once our own,
Crowd round our knees, with sweet and coaxing voices,
Asking for stories of that old-time home.
"Were _you_ once little too?" they say, astonished;
"Did you too play? How funny! tell us how."
Almost we start, forgetful for a moment;
Almost we answer, "We are little _now!_"
Dear friend and lover, whom to-day we christen,
Forgive such brief bewilderment,--thy true
And kindly hand we hold; we own thee fairest.
But ah! our yesterday was precious too.
So, darlings, take this little childish story,
In which some gleams of the old sunshine play,
And, as with careless hands you turn the pages,
Look back and smile, as here I smile to-day.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I THE LITTLE CARRS
II PARADISE
III THE DAY OF SCRAPES
IV KIKERI
V IN THE LOFT
VI INTIMATE FRIENDS
VII COUSIN HELEN'S VISIT
VIII TO-MORROW
IX DISMAL DAYS
X ST. NICHOLAS AND ST. VALENTINE
XI A NEW LESSON TO LEARN
XII TWO YEARS AFTERWARD
XIII AT LAST
CHAPTER I
THE LITTLE CARRS
I was sitting in the meadows one day, not long ago, at a place where
there was a small brook. It was a hot day. The sky was very blue, and
white clouds, like great swans, went floating over it to and fro. Just
opposite me was a clump of green rushes, with dark velvety spikes, and
among them one single tall, red cardinal flower, which was bending over
the brook as if to see its own beautiful face in the water. But the
cardinal did not seem to be vain.
The picture was so pretty that I sat a long time enjoying it. Suddenly,
close to me, two small voices began to talk--or to sing, for I couldn't
tell exactly which it was. One voice was shrill; the other, which was a
little deeper, sounded very positive and cross. They were evidently
disputing about something, for they said the same words over and over
again. These were the words--"Katy did." "Katy didn't." "She did." "She
didn't." "She did." "She didn't." "Did." "Didn't." I think they must
have repeated them at least a hundred times.
I got up from my seat to see if I could find the speakers; and sure
enough, there on one of the cat-tail bulrushes, I spied two tiny
pale-green creatures. Their eyes seemed to be weak, for they both wore
black goggles. They had six legs apiece,--two short ones, two not so
short, and two very long. These last legs had joints like the springs to
buggy-tops; and as I watched, they began walking up the rush, and then I
saw that they moved exactly like an old-fashioned gig. In fact, if I
hadn't been too big, I _think_ I should have heard them creak as they
went along. They didn't say anything so long as I was there, but the
moment my back was turned they began to quarrel again, and in the same
old words--"Katy did." "Katy didn't." "She did." "She didn't."
As I walked home I fell to thinking about another Katy,--a Katy I once
knew, who planned to do a great many wonderful things, and in the end
did none of them, but something quite different,--something she didn't
like at all at first, but which, on the whole, was a great deal better
than any of the doings she had dreamed about. And as I thought, this
little story grew in my head, and I resolved to write it down for you. I
have done it; and, in memory of my two little friends on the
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[Illustration: THE WOLF, THE FOX, AND THE APE
(See page 153)]
Æsop’s Fables
A Version for
Young Readers
_By_
J. H. Stickney
Illustrated by
Charles Livingston Bull
Ginn and Company
Boston—New York—Chicago—London
Atlanta—Dallas—Columbus—San Francisco
[Illustration]
COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY GINN AND COMPANY
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
321.11
THE Athenæum Press
GINN AND COMPANY·PROPRIETORS·BOSTON·U.S.A.
PREFACE
THE good fortune which has attended the earlier edition of this book
is a proof that there is less occasion now than formerly to plead the
cause of fables for use in elementary schools. And yet their value
is still too little recognized. The homely wisdom, which the fables
represent so aptly, was a more common possession of intelligent people
of a generation or two ago than it is at the present time. It had
then a better chance of being passed on by natural tradition than
is now the case among the less homogeneous parentage of our school
children. And there has never been a greater need than now for the
kind of seed-sowing for character that is afforded by this means. As
in the troubled times in Greece in Æsop’s day, twenty-five centuries
ago, moral teaching to be salutary must be largely shorn of didactic
implications and veiled with wit and satire. This insures its most
vital working wherever its teaching is pertinent. To be whipped,
warned, shamed, or encouraged, and so corrected, over the heads of
animals as they are represented in the expression of their native
traits, is the least offensive way that can fall to a person’s lot.
Among several hundred episodes, knowledge of which is acquired in
childhood as a part of an educational routine, most conservative
estimates would allow for large, substantial results in practical wit
and wisdom, to be reaped as later life calls for them.
It is well recognized by scholars, and should be taught to children,
that not all the fables attributed to Æsop are of so early a date.
Imitations of his genius all along the centuries have masqueraded under
his name. Facts about him appear in the Introduction.
No occasion has been found to change in this edition the style of
presentation so highly approved in the original one; but, as a
considerable number of the stories, especially in the earlier pages
of the book, are amplified somewhat in language form to accommodate
them to the needs of children unfamiliar with the animals portrayed,
it has been thought wise to present these in the briefer form in which
they are generally known to adult readers. These are to be found in
an Appendix to the present volume. The ingenious teacher will find
numerous ways in which this duplication of stories may be turned to
account. Comparison of the two forms will suggest many exercises to
be performed by the pupils themselves, in which the longer forms of
the fables may be built up from the shorter forms, and vice versa. The
teacher who is interested in dramatic work will find also that many of
the fables will make excellent material for dramatic presentation in
the classroom.
THE EDITOR
CONTENTS
PAGE
The Wolf and the Lamb 3
The Fox and the Lion 5
The Dog and his Shadow 6
The Crab and his Mother 8
The Fox and the Grapes 9
The Wolf and the Crane 11
The Ants and the Grasshoppers 13
The Frogs who asked for a King 15
The Donkey in the Lion’s Skin 19
The Mice in Council 20
The Kid and the Wolf 23
The Hawk and the Nightingale 24
The Crow and the Pitcher 25
The Ant and the Dove 26
The Ox and the Frog 28
The Bat and the Weasels 30
The Fox and the Goat 33
The Woman and her Hen 36
The Dog in the Manger 37
The Mouse, the Frog, and the Hawk 38
The Shepherd’s Boy and the Wolf 42
The Fisherman and the Little Fish 44
The Fox and the Crow 46
The Partridge and the Fowler 48
The Thirsty Pigeon 49
The Three Tradesmen 49
The Hares and the Frogs 50
The Eagle and the Arrow 53
The Eagle and the Fox 55
The Drum and the Vase of Sweet Herbs 57
The Two Frogs 58
The Lion and the Mouse 61
The Mouse, the
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NEW
ENGLANDS
PROSPECT.
A true, lively, and experimentall
description of that part of _America_,
commonly called NEW ENGLAND:
discovering the state of that Countrie,
both as it stands to our new-come
_English_ Planters; and to the old
Native Inhabitants.
Laying downe that which may both enrich the
knowledge of the mind-travelling Reader,
or benefit the future Voyager.
By WILLIAM WOOD.
[Illustration]
Printed at _London_ by _Tho. Cotes_, for _Iohn Bellamie_, and are
to be sold at his shop, at the three Golden Lyons in _Corne-hill_,
neere the _Royall Exchange_. 1634.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
To the Right Worshipfull,
my much honored Friend,
Sir WILLIAM ARMYNE,
Knight and Baronet.
Noble Sir.
The good assurance of your native worth, and thrice generous
disposition, as also the continuall manifestation of your bounteous
favour, and love towards my selfe in particular, hath so bound my
thankfull acknowledgement, that I count it the least part of my service
to present the first fruites of my farre-fetcht experience, to the
kinde acceptance of your charitable hands: well knowing that though
this my worke, owne not worth enough to deserve your patronage, yet
such is your benigne humanity, that I am confident you will daigne it
your protection, under which it willingly shrowdes it selfe. And as it
is reported of that man whose name was _Alexander_, being a cowardly
milke-sop by nature, yet hearing of the valiant courage of that
magnificent _Hero_, _Alexander_ the Great, whose name hee bore, he
thenceforth became stout and valorous; and as he was animated by having
the very name of puissant _Alexander_; so shall these my weake and
feble labours, receive life and courage by the patronage of your much
esteemed selfe; whereby they shall bee able to out-face the keenest
fanges of a blacke mouth'd _Momus_. For from hence the world may
conclude, that either there was some worth in the booke, that caused so
wise a person to looke upon it, and to vouchsafe to owne it, or else if
they suppose that in charity he fosterd it, as being a poore helpelesse
brat, they may thence learne to do so likewise. If here I should take
upon me the usuall straine of a soothing Epistolizer, I should (though
upon better grounds than many) sound forth a full mouth'd encomiasticke
of your incomparable worth: but though your deserts may justly
challenge it, yet I know your vertuous modesty would not thanke me for
it; and indeed your owne actions are the best _Heralds_ of your owne
praise, which in spite of envy it selfe must speake you Wise, and truly
Noble: and I for my part, if I may but present any thing, which either
for its profit or delight may obtaine your favourable approbation, I
have already reaped the harvest of my expectation; onely I must desire
you to pardon my bold presumption, as thus to make your well deserving
name, the frontispeece to so rude and ill deserving frame. Thus wishing
a confluence of all blessings both of the throne, and foot-stoole, to
be multiplied upon your selfe, and your vertuous Consort, my very good
Lady, together with all the Stemmes of your Noble family, I take my
leave and rest,
_Your Worships to serve
and be commanded_,
W. W.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
To the Reader.
Courteous Reader,
_Though I will promise thee no such voluminous discourse, as many have
made upon a scanter subject, (though they have travailed no further
than the smoake of their owne native chimnies) yet dare I presume to
present thee with the true, and faithfull relation of some few yeares
travels and experience, wherein I would be loath to broach any thing
which may puzzle thy beleefe, and so justly draw upon my selfe, that
unjust aspersion commonly laid on travailers; of whom many say, They
may lye by authority, because none can controule them; which Proverbe
had surely his originall from the sleepy beleefe of many a home-bred
Dormouse, who comprehends not either the raritie or possibility of
those things he sees not, to whom the most classicke relations seeme
riddles, and paradoxes: of whom it may be said as once of _Diogen
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Note: This version preserves the irregular chapter numbering scheme of
the original printing; ignoring the first and last chapters, the rest
are numbered I-II, IV, XI, XV-XXIII, XXVI-XXVII, XXIX-XXXV. Also, many
variant and alternative spellings have been preserved, except where
obviously misspelled in the original.
LIFE GLEANINGS
Compiled by
T. J. MACON
RICHMOND, VA.
1913
W. H. ADAMS, Publisher
Richmond, Virginia
PREFACE
My Life's Gleanings is not intended to be a technical history
chronologically arranged, but a reproduction of events that my memory
recalls. By retrospecting to occurrences that happened during my
journey of life. To those who were contemporaneous with the gleanings
alluded to they will recognize them. To the younger reader he will
glean what happened in the past. The incident and anecdote is founded
on facts. I launch the book on the highway of public approval, hoping
the reader will not be disappointed. THE AUTHOR.
MY LIFE'S GLEANINGS
COMPILED BY T. J. MACON
CHAPTER I.
The author of these pages first saw the light of day at the family
home of his father, Mr. Miles Gary Macon, called "Fairfield," situated
on the banks of that historic river, the "Chicahominy," in the good
old County of Hanover, in Virginia. My grandfather, Colonel William
Hartwell Macon, started each of his sons on the voyage of life with a
farm, and the above was allotted to my respected parent. Belonging to
the place, about one or two miles from the dwelling, was a grist mill
known as "Mekenses," and how the name of "Macon" could have been
corrupted to "Mekenses," is truly unaccountable, yet such is the case.
The City of Richmond was distant about eight miles to the South. This
old homestead passed out of the Macon family possession about seventy
years ago, and a Mr. Overton succeeded my father in the ownership of
"Fairfield" and the mill. Later a Doctor Gaines purchased it. My
highly respected parents were the fortunate possessors of a large and
flourishing family of ten children, all of whom were born at
"Fairfield."
The Macon manor house was situated just on the edge of the famous
trucking section of Hanover County, which agricultural characteristic
gave its soil an extensive reputation for the production of the
celebrated and highly-prized melons and sweet potatoes of Hanover,
known to Eastern Virginia for their toothsomeness and great size. This
fine old plantation was surrounded by country estates belonging to
Virginia families, who were very sociable, cultured and agreeable
people. My father and mother were thoroughly imbued with the spirit of
that old-time genial country hospitality, which was never found
anywhere in this country more cordial, nor probably even equal, to it.
It afforded them infinite pleasure to visit and to receive the calls
of their neighbors. It was then the invariable custom, when guests
were entertained, for the host to set out refreshments, always the
best the larder afforded, and to insist upon a liberal partaking of
it, for a refusal of the good cheer was indeed a rare thing, and it
was not considered polite to decline joining in wishing good health
and prosperity to your friends and neighbors, always of course in
moderate bumpers, not in excess, and then the viands bountifully
spread out were truly tempting, real old Virginia style of cooking,
such as beaten biscuits that would almost melt in one's mouth, and
other dishes almost too numerous to mention, and then such a hearty
welcome accompanied the feast and "flow of soul," and when the parting
came there was always an appealing invitation for a "speedy coming
again"--a wish for another visit.
Now there was no sham-pretence in these old Virginia manners, but
genuine heartfelt hospitality, which sprang from kind hearts. A
striking habit or custom at that happy period in the "Old Dominion"
life in the country was the intrusting of the white children of the
family to the care of a good old nurse, or "Mammy," as they
were affectionately called by them; their mothers turned the children
over to their watchful supervision and they were truly faithful and
proud of their control of the little young masters and mistresses,
thus relieving their "old mistress" of all care in rearing them. Well
do I remember my "old Mammy," whose kindness and affectionate
t
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THE TRAINING OF A FORESTER
[Illustration: A FOREST RANGER LOOKING FOR FIRE FROM A NATIONAL FOREST
LOOKOUT STATION _Page 32_]
THE TRAINING OF A FORESTER
BY
GIFFORD PINCHOT
WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS
[Illustration]
PHILADELPHIA & LONDON
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
1914
COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
PUBLISHED FEBRUARY, 1914
PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
AT THE WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS
PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A.
To
OVERTON W. PRICE
FRIEND AND FELLOW WORKER
TO WHOM IS DUE, MORE THAN TO ANY OTHER MAN, THE
HIGH EFFICIENCY OF THE UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE
PREFACE
At one time or another, the largest question before every young man is,
"What shall I do with my life?" Among the possible openings, which best
suits his ambition, his tastes, and his capacities? Along what line
shall he undertake to make a successful career? The search for a life
work and the choice of one is surely as important business as can occupy
a boy verging into manhood. It is to help in the decision of those who
are considering forestry as a profession that this little book has been
written.
To the young man who is attracted to forestry and begins to consider it
as a possible profession, certain questions present themselves. What is
forestry? If he takes it up, what will his work be, and where? Does it
in fact offer the satisfying type of outdoor life which it appears to
offer? What chance does it present for a successful career, for a career
of genuine usefulness, and what is the chance to make a living? Is he
fitted for it in character, mind, and body? If so, what training does he
need? These questions deserve an answer.
To the men whom it really suits, forestry offers a career more
attractive, it may be said in all fairness, than any other career
whatsoever. I doubt if any other profession can show a membership so
uniformly and enthusiastically in love with the work. The men who have
taken it up, practised it, and left it for other work are few. But to
the man not fully adapted for it, forestry must be punishment, pure and
simple. Those who have begun the study of forestry, and then have
learned that it was not for them, have doubtless been more in number
than those who have followed it through.
I urge no man to make forestry his profession, but rather to keep away
from it if he can. In forestry a man is either altogether at home or
very much out of place. Unless he has a compelling love for the
Forester's life and the Forester's work, let him keep out of it.
G. P.
CONTENTS
PAGE
WHAT IS A FOREST? 13
THE FORESTER'S KNOWLEDGE 18
THE FOREST AND THE NATION 19
THE FORESTER'S POINT OF VIEW 23
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FORESTRY 27
THE WORK OF A FORESTER 30
THE FOREST SERVICE 30
THE FOREST SUPERVISOR 46
THE TRAINED FORESTER 50
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 63
STATE FOREST WORK 84
THE FOREST SERVICE IN WASHINGTON 89
PRIVATE FORESTRY 106
FOREST SCHOOLS 114
THE OPPORTUNITY 116
TRAINING 123
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
A FOREST RANGER LOOKING FOR FIRE FROM A NATIONAL
FOREST LOOKOUT STATION _Frontispiece_
STRINGING A FOREST TELEPHONE LINE 32
FOREST RANGERS SCALING TIMBER 43
WESTERN YELLOW PINE SEED COLLECTED BY THE FOREST
SERVICE FOR PLANTING UP DENUDED LANDS 47
A FOREST EXAMINER RUNNING A COMPASS LINE 59
BRUSH PILING IN A NATIONAL FOREST TIMBER SALE 95
FOREST RANGERS GETTING INSTRUCTION IN METHODS OF
WORK FROM A DISTRICT FOREST OFFICER 105
FOREST SERVICE MEN MAKING FRESH MEASUREMENTS IN
THE MISSOURI SWAMPS 136
THE TRAINING OF A FORESTER
WHAT IS A FOREST?
First, What is forestry? Forestry is the knowledge of the forest. In
particular, it is the art of handling the forest so that it will render
whatever service is required of it without being impoverished or
destroyed. For example, a forest may be handled so as to produce saw
logs, telegraph poles, barrel hoops, firewood, tan bark, or turpentine.
The main purpose of its treatment may be to prevent the washing of soil,
to regulate the flow of streams, to support cattle or sheep, or it may
be handled so as to supply a wide range and combination of uses.
Forestry is the art of producing from the forest whatever it can yield
for the service of man.
Before we can understand forestry, certain facts about the forest itself
must be kept in mind. A forest is not a mere collection of individual
trees, just as a city is not a mere collection of unrelated men and
women, or a Nation like ours merely a certain number of independent
racial groups. A forest, like a city, is a complex community with a life
of its own. It has a soil and an atmosphere of its own, chemically and
physically different from any other, with plants and shrubs as well as
trees which are peculiar to it. It has a resident population of insects
and higher animals entirely distinct from that outside. Most important
of all, from the Forester's point of view, the members of the forest
live in an exact and intricate system of competition and mutual
assistance, of help or harm, which extends to all the inhabitants of
this complicated city of trees.
The trees in a forest are all helped by mutually protecting each other
against high winds, and by producing a richer and moister soil than
would be possible if the trees stood singly and apart. They compete
among themselves by their roots for moisture in the soil, and for light
and space by the growth of their crowns in height and breadth. Perhaps
the strongest weapon which trees have against each other is growth in
height. In certain species intolerant of shade, the tree which is
overt
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{401}
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
* * * * *
No. 82.]
SATURDAY, MAY 24. 1851.
[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page
Note upon a Passage in "Measure for Measure" 401
Rhyming Latin Version of the Song on Robin Goodfellow,
by S. W. Singer 402
Folk Lore:--Devonshire Folk Lore: 1. Storms from
Conjuring; 2. The Heath-hounds; 3. Cock scares the
Fiend; 4. Cranmere Pool--St. Uncumber and the
offering of Oats--"Similia similibus curantur"--Cure
of large Neck 404
Dibdin's Library Companion 405
Minor Notes:--A Note on Dress--Curious Omen at
Marriage--Ventriloquist Hoax--Barker, the original
Panorama Painter 406
QUERIES:--
Minor Queries:--Vegetable Sympathy--Court Dress--Dieu
et mon Droit--Cachecope Bell--The Image
of both Churches--Double Names--"If this fair
Flower," &c.--Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham--Legend
represented in Frettenham Church--King
of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace--Butchers not
Jurymen--Redwing's Nest--Earth thrown upon the
Coffin--Family of Rowe--Portus Canum--Arms of
Sir John Davies--William Penn--Who were the
Writers in the North Briton? 407
MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--"Many a Word"--Roman
Catholic Church--Tick--Hylles' Arithmetic 409
REPLIES:--
Villenage 410
Maclean not Junius 411
Replies to Minor Queries:--The Ten Commandments--
Mounds, Munts, Mounts--San Graal--Epitaph on
the Countess of Pembroke 412
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 414
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 414
Notices to Correspondents 414
Advertisements 415
* * * * *
Notes.
NOTE UPON A PASSAGE IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."
The Third Act of _Measure for Measure_ opens with Isabella's visit to her
brother (Claudio) in the dungeon, where he lies under sentence of death. In
accordance with Claudio's earnest entreaty, she has sued for mercy to
Angelo, the sanctimonious deputy, and in the course of her allusion to the
only terms upon which Angelo is willing to remit the sentence, she informs
him that he "must die," and then continues:
"This outward-sainted deputy,--
Whose settled visage and deliberate word
Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew,
As falcon doth the fowl,--is yet a devil;
His filth within being cast, he would appear
A pond as deep as hell."
Whereupon (according to the reading of the folio of 1623) Claudio, who is
aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
"The _prenzie_ Angelo?"
To which Isabella replies (according to the reading of the same edition):
"O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
The damned'st body to invest and cover
In _prenzie_ guards! Dost thou think, Claudio,
If I would yield him my virginity,
Thou might'st be freed?"
Claudio, still incredulous, rejoins:
"O, heavens! it cannot be."
The word _prenzie_ has given rise to much annotation, and it seems to be
universally agreed that the word is a misprint. The question is, what was
the word actually written, or intended, by Shakspeare? Steevens and Malone
suggested "princely;" Warburton, "priestly;" and Tieck, "precise." Mr.
Knight adopts "precise," the reading of Tieck, and thinks "that, having to
choose some word which would have the double merit of agreeing with the
sense of the passage and be similar in the number and form of the letters,
nothing can be more unfortunate than the correction of "princely;" Mr.
Collier, on the other hand, follows Steevens and Malone, and reads
"princely," observing the Tieck's reading
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THE LAND OF PROMISE
_By the same Author_
THE UNKNOWN
THE CIRCLE
THE EXPLORER
JACK STRAW
LADY FREDERICK
LANDED GENTRY
THE TENTH MAN
A MAN OF HONOUR
MRS. DOT
PENELOPE
SMITH
CÆSAR’S WIFE
LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN
THE LAND OF
PROMISE
A COMEDY IN FOUR ACTS
BY
W. S. MAUGHAM
[Illustration: 1922]
LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN
LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN. 1922
TO
IRENE VANBRUGH
_All applications regarding the Performance Rights of this play should
be addressed to Mr. R. Golding Bright, 20, Green Street, Leicester
Square, London, W.C. 2._
This play was produced on February 26, 1914, at the Duke of York’s
Theatre, with the following cast:
NORAH MARSH Irene Vanbrugh.
EDWARD MARSH C. V. France.
GERTRUDE MARSH Marion Ashworth.
FRANK TAYLOR Godfrey Tearle.
REGINALD HORNBY Basil Foster.
BENJAMIN TROTTER George Tully.
SIDNEY SHARP J. Woodall-Birde.
EMMA SHARP Mary Rorke.
JAMES WICKHAM Athol Stewart.
DOROTHY WICKHAM Netta Westcott.
AGNES PRINGLE Lena Halliday.
CLEMENT WYNNE Charles Goodwin.
KATE Marion Christie Murray.
CHARACT
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Produced by Annie McGuire
[Illustration: HARPER'S
YOUNG PEOPLE
AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.]
* * * * *
VOL. I.--NO. 46. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR
CENTS.
Tuesday, September 14, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS.
$1.50 per Year, in Advance.
* * * * *
[Illustration: CALLING THE ROLL.--DRAWN BY T. THULSTRUP.]
WHO WAS PAUL GRAYSON?
BY JOHN HABBERTON,
AUTHOR OF "HELEN'S BABIES."
CHAPTER I.
THE NEW PUPIL.
The boys who attended Mr. Morton's Select School in the village of
Laketon did not profess to know more than boys of the same age and
advantages elsewhere; but of one thing they were absolutely certain, and
that was that no teacher ever rang his bell to assemble the school or
call the boys in from recess until just that particular instant when the
fun in the school-yard was at its highest, and the boys least wanted to
come in. A teacher might be very fair about some things: he might help a
boy through a hard lesson, or give him fewer bad marks than he had
earned; he might even forget to report to a boy's parent's all the cases
of truancy in which their son had indulged; but when a teacher once
laid his hand upon that dreadful bell and stepped to the window, it
really seemed as if every particle of human sympathy went out of him.
On one bright May morning, however, the boys who made this regular daily
complaint were few; indeed, all of them, except Bert Sharp, who had
three consecutive absences to explain, and no written excuse from his
father to help him out, were already inside the school-room, and even
Bert stood where he could look through the open door while he cudgelled
his wits and smothered his conscience in
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Produced by David Garcia, Moti Ben-Ari and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
YOUR UNCLE SAM
OWNS A GREAT NAVY
A very important adjunct of Government.--You and everybody
must be interested in it.
[Illustration: A Submarine Boat. A new "wrinkle" in warfare.]
THE AMERICAN BATTLESHIP
AND LIFE IN THE NAVY
By THOS. BEYER, a Bluejacket
is the most authoritative as well as the most readable book published on
the subject. Also Humorous Man-o'-War Yarns. =40 full-page half-tones,
including Rear-Admiral Evans' flagship "Connecticut," and a lithographed
map, in four colors, of the cruise around the world by the U. S. fleet,
1907-1908.=
EXTRA SILK CLOTH, GOLD TITLE, $1.25
At all bookstores and book supply houses, or sent postpaid, on receipt
of price, by
LAIRD & LEE, Publishers, 263-265 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO
[Illustration: DRESSED IN HER HUSBAND'S CLOTHES, SHE LED THEM TO THE
TOBACCO BARN.]
"_A fence between makes love more keen_."
THE
NIGHT RIDERS
A Thrilling Story of Love,
Hate and Adventure, graphically depicting the
Tobacco Uprising in Kentucky
BY
HENRY C. WOOD
"_Who warms in his bosom the eggs of hatred hatches
a nest of snakes_."
[Illustration: Publisher's logo.]
CHICAGO
LAIRD & LEE, PUBLISHERS
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1908,
BY WILLIAM H. LEE,
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at
Washington, D. C.
DRAMATIC RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE AUTHOR.
_Preface_
_The author has cleverly interwoven a tale of absorbing heart interest
with a graphically depicted view of the present Tobacco Troubles in
Kentucky and the exciting times when the people formed into bands, known
as THE NIGHT RIDERS, to protest against what they considered the unjust
tax of the Toll Gate System. These protests were of a strenuous nature,
not unlike those of the tobacco-growing section today, and as the
characters in the story are real, live beings, who did things, the
reader's interest never flags._
_THE PUBLISHERS._
[Illustration: A troop of riders]
[Illustration: BRACING HIMSELF IN HIS STIRRUPS, MILT CRIED HURRIEDLY TO
JUDSON: "LEAP UP BEHIND ME!"--_Page 130_.]
[Illustration: Title and author with the image of a rider.]
THE NIGHT RIDERS
By
Henry Cleveland Wood
CHAPTER I.
The early morning sunlight entered boldly through the small panes of
glass into the kitchen of the toll-house and fell in a checkered band
across the breakfast table set against the sill of the one long, low
window.
The meal was a simple one, plainly served, but a touch of gold and
purple--royal colors of the season--was given it by a bunch of autumn
flowers, golden-rod and wild aster, stuck in a glass jar set on the
window sill.
A glance at the two seated at each end of the narrow table would have
enabled one to decide quickly to whom was due this desire for
ornamentation, for the mother was a sharp-featured, rather
untidy-looking woman, on whom the burden of hard work and poverty had
laid certain harsh lines not easily eradicated, while the daughter's
youth and comeliness had overcome them as a fine jewel may assert its
beauty despite a cheap setting.
The sun's lambent rays, falling across the girl's shapely head and
shoulders, touched to deeper richness the auburn hair, gathered in a
large, loose coil, that rested low upon her neck, and also accentuated
the clear, delicately-tinted complexion like a semi-transparency that is
given rare old china when the light illumines it.
The meal was eaten almost in silence, but toward the end of the
breakfast Mrs. Brown looked up suddenly, her cup of coffee raised partly
to her lips, and said, in her querulous treble:
"Sally, Foster Crain says aigs air fetchin' fo'hteen an' a half cents in
town. Count what's stored away in the big gourd, when you git through
eatin', an' take 'em in this mornin'."
"How am I to go?" asked her daughter, looking up from her plate. "Joe's
limping from that nail he picked up yesterday."
"Likely somebody'll be passin' the gate that'll give you a seat. The
Squire may be along soon." A certain inflection crept into the speaker's
voice.
"I'll walk," announced Sally, with sudden determination. "It's cool and
pleasant, and I'd as soon walk as ride."
The mother looked across furtively to where her daughter sat.
"I don't see what makes you so set ag'in the Squire," she said,
plaintively, a few moments later, as if she had divined her daughter's
unuttered thoughts.
"He's an old fool!" declared Sally, promptly.
"An' it strikes me that you're somethin' of a young one!" retorted her
mother sharply.
The girl made no answer, save a perceptible shrug of her pretty
shoulders, and soon afterward got up and began to clear away the
breakfast dishes. Mrs. Brown sighed deeply.
"Most girls would be powerful vain to have the Squire even notice 'em,"
the mother continued, in a more persuasive tone, as a sort of balm
offering to the girl's wounded feelings. She placed her cup and saucer
in her plate and put back a small piece of unused butter on the side of
the butter dish, then slowly arose from the table.
"It's seldom a po' gyurl has such a good chance to better her condition,
if she was only willin' to do so," she continued argumentatively, for
the subject was a favorite theme with her, and she had rung its changes
for the listener's benefit on more than one occasion. She gave her
daughter a sidelong glance--partly of inquiry, partly of reproach--and
turned to her work.
Sally, with something like an impatient jerk, lifted from the stove the
steaming kettle and poured a part of the hot contents into the dish-pan
on the table, but she made no answer, though soon the clatter of tins
and dishes--perhaps they rattled a little louder than usual--mingled as
a sort of accompaniment to the reminiscent monologue that Mrs. Brown
carried on at intervals during her work.
"It's all owin' to the Squire's kindness an' interest in us that we're
fixed this comfortable, for, dear knows I'd never got the toll-gate in
the first place if it hadn't been for his influence, an' now, if you'd
only give him any encouragement at all, you might be a grand sight
better off. Such chances don't grow as thick as blackberries in summer,
I can tell you."
The dishes and tins rattled angrily, but Sally said not a word.
"About the only good showin' a poor gyurl has in this world is to marry
as well as she can, an' when she neglects to do this, she's got nobody
to blame but herself--not a soul."
Sally had the dishes all washed and laid in a row on the table to drain,
and now she caught them up, one by one, and began to polish away
vigorously, as if the effort afforded a certain relief to her feelings,
since she had chosen to take refuge in silence.
"S'posin' he _is_ old an' ugly," soliloquized Mrs. Brown, abruptly
breaking into speech again, and seemingly addressing her remarks to the
skillet she was then cleaning, and which she held up before her and
gazed into intently, as a lady of fashion might do a hand glass at her
toilet. "What o' that? Beauty's only skin deep, an' old age is likely to
come to us all sooner or later. It's all the better if he is along in
years," she added, with a sudden chuckle and a second furtive glance
over the top of the skillet toward the girl, to see if she was
listening. "Then he ain't so likely to live forever, an' a trim young
widow, with property of her own an' money in bank, can mighty soon find
a chance to marry ag'in, if she's a mind to."
A cloud of anger swept over the listener's face, which the mother failed
to see, as the skillet again intervened.
"There ain't nothin' like havin' a home of your own, an' knowin' you've
got a shelter for your old age--no, indeed, they ain't! The Squire's
mighty well fixed; he's got a real good farm, an' turnpike stock, an'
cash, an' a nice, comfortable house besides."
"Comfortable!" exclaimed Sally, with a toss of her head, and breaking
her resolve to keep silent. "It looks like a ha'nted barn stuck back
amongst them cedar trees down in the hollow. No wonder his first wife
went crazy an' hung herself up in the attic, poor thing! They say he
treated her shameful mean."
Sally had looked upon this house many times and with conflicting
thoughts as she passed it now and then. An air of neglect and loneliness
hung about the spot. The house, hopelessly ugly and angular, was set far
back from the road in the midst of a large yard given over to weeds and
untrimmed shrubbery, while a clump of gloomy-looking cedars defied even
the brightness of sun and sky.
"You can't put credit into everything you hear," admonished Mrs. Brown,
breaking ruthlessly into her daughter's musings. "Besides, a spry young
girl can pretty much have her own way when she marries a man so much
older than herself.
"There's Serena Lowe, that use' to be," she continued, reminiscently.
"She an' her fam'ly was about as poor as Job's turkey when we went to
school together, an' many's the time I've divided my dinner with her
because she didn't seem to have any too much of her own.
"But she had a downright pretty face--all white an' pink, like a
doll's--an' it helped her to ketch old Bartholomew Rice, an' now she
rides around in her own kerridge an' pair, mind you, an' no prouder
woman ever lived this minute. You'd think from the airs she gives
herself that she was born in the best front room on a Sunday.
"The Squire's as good as hinted to me that if he could marry the one he
wants, he wouldn't in the least mind goin' to the expense of paintin'
an' fixin' up the place till you wouldn't know it," insinuated Mrs.
Brown, dropping her voice to a more confidential tone.
"He'd have to paint an' fix hisself up, too, till you wouldn't know
_him_, either, before I'd even so much as look at him," tartly asserted
Sally.
"A tidy young wife could change his looks an' the looks of the house in
a mighty little while, if she only had a mind to do so," suggested Mrs.
Brown, in subtly persuasive tones. "It must be dreadful lonesome livin'
as he does, with nobody to look after things."
"He might have kept his nephew for company," insisted Sally, with a
sudden ring of resentment in her voice. "He drove him away."
"Which likely he wouldn't have done if Milt hadn't been so headstrong
an' wild. You know the Squire's goin' to have his own way about things."
"About _some_ things," corrected Sally.
"Mebbe about all, sooner or later," said Mrs. Brown, in hopeful
prediction. "He ain't a man to give up easy when he sets his mind in a
certain direction."
"Perhaps his nephew isn't, either," suggested her daughter, with a
little tinge of color deepening in each cheek.
"No, an' that's just the cause an' upshot of the whole trouble!" cried
the mother, in a sudden flash of vehemence, dropping the persuasive
tones she had heretofore employed for resentful chiding. "His nephew's
at the bottom of it all, an' you seem ready an' willin' to throw away a
good chance of a nice, comfortable home an' deprive me of a shelter in
my old age just for the sake of that no-account Milt Derr, who happens
to have smooth ways an' a nimble tongue. It looks like he's fairly
bewitched you."
CHAPTER II.
A little later in the morning Sally tied on her sunbonnet, whose pale
blue lining made a charming framing for her fresh complexion and pretty
face, concealing it just sufficiently to make one keenly inquisitive to
take a second longer glance beneath the ruffled rim.
With the basket of eggs swung coquettishly on her plump arm, and a stray
wisp or two of wavy hair escaping from its confines down her shapely,
curving neck and throat, in protest at imprisonment, the girl set out
walking toward the town, a mile away.
Mrs. Brown had ingeniously delayed her daughter's going by finding
several little duties for her to perform, hoping the while that before
the girl should be ready to start the Squire would make his appearance
and leave her no alternative but to accept a ride with him.
The morning grew apace, however, and finally Sally set out alone, quite
grateful for the Squire's tardiness, and partly amused, partly vexed,
by her mother's thinly-veiled excuses for delay.
As the girl walked along the road with the springing, elastic step of
youth and perfect health, and the freedom of the far-stretching fields
as a heritage, the fresh morning air caressing her cheeks brought forth
a bloom as soft and delicate as the rose of a summer dawn, while her
spirits, which had become somewhat dampened under her mother's recent
bickerings, gradually grew soothed and calmed under the tranquil charm
of the new-born day.
Now and then a bird, startled at her approach, flew from hedge to hedge
across the road, piping loudly in affected alarm as it went, while in a
softer strain came the gentle lowing of cattle from a pasture near at
hand, and in the tall grass and dusty weeds along the way the autumnal
chorus of insects had begun, conducted by the shrill-toned cricket.
At the top of the first hill that arose between the gate and town Sally
paused a moment--not that she was tired, or even spent of breath--and
looked back. The picture that she saw was one of serene beauty, with
wide stretches of fallow fields, bathed in the golden tranquility of a
perfect October day, and dumb with the spell of restfulness and mystic
brooding that this season brings.
In the far distance a long, ragged line of hills melted into the soft
blue sky-line, and over these shadowy sentinels, standing a-row, the
purplish haze of autumn hung like a diaphanous curtain stretching
between the lowlands and the hill country.
From her elevated vantage ground the girl could see the toll-house very
distinctly, though she herself was partly hidden by a small clump of
young locusts under which she had paused. As she looked toward her home
the Squire's old buggy came in sight around a curve of the road and
stopped at the gate. Her mother came out and presently pointed in the
direction of town, while the Squire gave his horse a cut of the whip and
started up the road at a much brisker pace, it seemed to Sally, than
before the gate was reached.
"Mother's told him that he might overtake me," she muttered, grimly
smiling at the thought. "I'll see that he don't," she added,
resolutely.
She stood for a few moments debating the situation, then looked toward
the town. The distance was but half traveled, and the Squire must
certainly overtake her before her destination was reached. There was a
smaller hill beyond, and toward this she now set out briskly, fully
determined to cover as much of the way as possible, so that, if finally
overtaken, the ride would prove but a short one at best.
When she reached the brow of the second hill the Squire was lost to
sight behind the first one, and just then a plan of escape happily
suggested itself as she reached a low stone wall running for some
distance along one side of the road. She lightly climbed the
moss-covered stones and crouched down behind them in a clump of
golden-rod, waiting in covert until the Squire should pass.
Soon she heard an approaching vehicle, which she knew to be the Squire's
from the familiar joggle of loose bolts, and close upon its coming
another sound fell on her alert ear, as if a horseman were riding from
the direction of the town. The person on horseback and Squire Bixler met
and came to a halt in the middle of the road, almost in front of that
portion of the stone wall behind which the girl had taken refuge.
After the exchange of a brief greeting, the Squire said, abruptly:
"Well, what progress have you made? Any?"
"Well, Squire, I think he's goin' to jine," answered the horseman, in
the peculiar drawling tones suggestive of the hill country, whose
boundary lay purple and hazy along the distant horizon.
"You _think_ he is?" cried the Squire impatiently, with a ripping oath.
"What do you _know_ about it?"
"That when I see him again he is to tell me if he's made up his mind to
come to the next meetin' place. If he does, of course, he'll jine the
band."
"And what does the band propose doing?" asked the Squire.
"To git free roads."
"How?"
"Not by waitin' on the
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Produced by Daniel Fromont
The Life and Amours
OF THE
Beautiful, Gay and Dashing
Kate Percival
The Belle of the Delaware
Written by herself
Voluptuous, Exciting, Amorous and Delighting
LONDON - PARIS
1903
VOLUME ONE
Chapter I
CHILDHOOD
I am about to do a bold thing. I am about to give to the world the
particulars of a life fraught with incident and adventure. I am about
to lift the veil from the most voluptuous scenes. I shall disguise
nothing, conceal nothing, but shall relate everything that has happened
to me just as it occurred. I am what is called a woman of pleasure, and
have drained its cup to the very dregs. I have the most extraordinary
scenes to depict, but although I shall place everything before the
reader in the most explicit language, I shall be careful not to wound
his or her sense of decency by the use of coarse words, feeling
satisfied there is more charm in a story decently told than in the bold
unblushing use of term which ought never to sully a woman's lips.
I was born in a small village in the state of Pennsylvania, situated on
the banks of the Delaware, and about thirty miles from Philadelphia. My
father's house was most romantically situated within a few yards of the
river. It was supported as it were, at the back by a high hill, which,
in summer was covered with green trees and bushes. On each side of the
dwelling was a wood so dense and thick that a stranger un-acquainted
with the paths through it could not enter. In front of the house, the
river on sunshiny days gleamed and glistened in the rays of the sun,
and the white sails passing and repassing formed quite a picturesque
scene. At night, however, especially in the winter time, the scene was
different. Then the wind would howl and moan through the leafless trees
and the river would beat against the rocks in a most mournful cadence.
To this day I can remember the effect it had on my youthful mind, and
whenever I hear the wind whistling at night, it always recalls, to my
memory my birth place.
My father was a stern, austere man, usually very silent and reserved. I
only remembered seeing him excited once or twice. My mother had died in
my infancy--(I was but fifteen months at the time) and my father's
sister became his housekeeper. I had but one brother a year older than
myself. How well I remember him, a fine noble-hearted boy full of love
and affection. We were neglected by our father and aunt, and left to
get through our childhood's days as best we could. We would wander
together hand in hand by the river side or in the woods, and often cry
ourselves to sleep in each other's arms at our father's want of
affection for us. We enjoyed none of the gayeties, none of the sports
of youth. The chill of our home appeared to follow us wherever we went,
and no matter how brightly the sun shone, it could not dissipate the
chill around our hearts. I never remember seeing my father even smile.
A continual gloom hung over him, and he usually kept himself locked in
his room except at meal times.
This life continued until I was ten years of age, when one day my
father informed me that the next day I was to go to Philadelphia to a
boarding school. At first I was glad to hear it, for any change from
the dull monotony of that solitary house must be an agreeable one to
me. I ran to the garden to tell my brother; but the moment I mentioned
it, Harry threw himself sobbing in my arms.
"Will you leave me, Kate!" he exclaimed, "What will I do when you are
gone, I shall be so lonely--so very lonely without you?"
"But Harry, darling," I returned, "I shall be back again in a few
months, and then I shall have so much to tell you, and we shall have
such nice walks together."
I succeeded in calming him, especially as our father informed him
before the day was over that he too was to go to a boarding school in
the city of Baltimore. That evening we took our last ramble together
before we left home. It was the month of June, and all nature was
decked in her gayest apparel. It was a beautiful moon-light night, and
the hair [sic] was fragrant with the odor of June roses, of which there
were a large number in the garden. We wandered by the side of the river
and watched the moon rays playing on the surface of the water, while a
gentle breeze murmured softly through the pine trees. On that evening
we settled our future life. It was arranged between us that when Harry
grew up to be a man I should go and keep his house. We dwelt a long
time on the pleasures of such life. At last it was time for us to
return to the house, we embraced each other tenderly and separated.
The next morning I left very early, and in a few hours reached my
destination and was enrolled among the pupils of B.... Seminary, I
shall not dwell long on my school days, although I might devote much of
space to them. I was not a popular girl in the school--I was too cold,
too reserved, and some of the girls said too proud. I took no pleasure
in girlish sports, but my chief amusement was reading. I would retire
to a corner of the school room and while the other girls were at
play--I would be plunged in the mysteries of Mrs. Radcliffs novels, or
some other work of the same character. Frequently the Principal
insisted on my shutting up my book and going out to play, but I would
creep back when she had left the schoolroom, and resume my favorite
occupation. I remained at school seven years, and during that time I
never once visited home, for my father made a special
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Produced by Judith Boss. HTML version by Al Haines.
The Lost Continent was originally published
under the title Beyond Thirty
THE LOST CONTINENT
by
Edgar Rice Burroughs
JTABLE 3 9 1
1
Since earliest childhood I have been strangely fascinated by the
mystery surrounding the history of the last days of twentieth century
Europe. My interest is keenest, perhaps, not so much in relation to
known facts as to speculation upon the unknowable of the two centuries
that have rolled by since human intercourse between the Western and
Eastern Hemispheres ceased--the mystery of Europe's state following the
termination of the Great War--provided, of course, that the war had
been terminated.
From out of the meagerness of our censored histories we learned that
for fifteen years after the cessation of diplomatic relations between
the United States of North America and the belligerent nations of the
Old World, news of more or less doubtful authenticity filtered, from
time to time, into the Western Hemisphere from the Eastern.
Then came the fruition of that historic propaganda which is best
described by its own slogan: "The East for the East--the West for the
West," and all further intercourse was stopped by statute.
Even prior to this, transoceanic commerce had practically ceased, owing
to the perils and hazards of the mine-strewn waters of both the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Just when submarine activities ended we
do not know but the last vessel of this type sighted by a Pan-American
merchantman was the huge Q 138, which discharged twenty-nine torpedoes
at a Brazilian tank steamer off the Bermudas in the fall of 1972. A
heavy sea and the excellent seamanship of the master of the Brazilian
permitted the Pan-American to escape and report this last of a long
series of outrages upon our commerce. God alone knows how many
hundreds of our ancient ships fell prey to the roving steel sharks of
blood-frenzied Europe. Countless were the vessels and men that passed
over our eastern and western horizons never to return; but whether they
met their fates before the belching tubes of submarines or among the
aimlessly drifting mine fields, no man lived to tell.
And then came the great Pan-American Federation which linked the
Western Hemisphere from pole to pole under a single flag, which joined
the navies of the New World into the mightiest fighting force that ever
sailed the seven seas--the greatest argument for peace the world had
ever known.
Since that day peace had reigned from the western shores of the Azores
to the western shores of the Hawaiian Islands, nor has any man of
either hemisphere dared cross 30dW. or 175dW. From 30d to 175d is
ours--from 30d to 175d is peace, prosperity and happiness.
Beyond was the great unknown. Even the geographies of my boyhood
showed nothing beyond. We were taught of nothing beyond. Speculation
was discouraged. For two hundred years the Eastern Hemisphere had been
wiped from the maps and histories of Pan-America. Its mention in
fiction, even, was forbidden.
Our ships of peace patrol thirty and one hundred seventy-five. What
ships from beyond they have warned only the secret archives of
government show; but, a naval officer myself, I have gathered from the
traditions of the service that it has been fully two hundred years
since smoke or sail has been sighted east of 30d or west of 175d. The
fate of the relinquished provinces which lay beyond the dead lines we
could only speculate upon. That they were taken by the military power,
which rose so suddenly in China after the fall of the republic, and
which wrested Manchuria and Korea from Russia and Japan, and also
absorbed the Philippines, is quite within the range of possibility.
It was the commander of a Chinese man-of-war who received a copy of the
edict of 1972 from the hand of my illustrious ancestor, Admiral Turck,
on one hundred seventy-five, two hundred and six years ago, and from
the yellowed pages of the admiral's diary I learned that the fate of
the Philippines was even then presaged by these Chinese naval officers.
Yes, for over two hundred years no man crossed 30d to 175d and lived to
tell his story--not until chance drew me across and back again, and
public opinion, revolting at last against the drastic regulations of
our long-dead forbears, demanded that my story be given to the world,
and that the narrow interdict which commanded peace, prosperity, and
happiness to halt at 30d and 175d be removed forever.
I am glad that it was given to me to be
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Produced by Chris Curnow, S.D., and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
produced from scanned images of public domain material
from the Google Print project.)
MIRROR
OF
THE MONTHS.
Delectando pariterque monendo.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR GEO. B. WHITTAKER,
AVE-MARIA-LANE.
1826.
CONTENTS.
Page
PREFACE. v
JANUARY. 1
FEBRUARY. 23
MARCH. 43
APRIL. 57
MAY. 87
JUNE. 111
JULY. 145
AUGUST. 169
SEPTEMBER. 197
OCTOBER. 215
NOVEMBER. 237
DECEMBER. 257
PREFACE.
As the first few pages of this little volume will sufficiently explain
its purport, the reader would not have been troubled with any prefatory
remarks, but that, since its commencement, two existing works have been
pointed out to me, the plans of which are, in one respect, similar to
mine: I allude to the Natural History of the Year, by the late Dr. Aikin
and his Son; and The Months, by Mr. Leigh Hunt.
I will not affect any obligations to these agreeable little works, (I
mean as a writer); because I feel none; and I mention them here, only to
add, that if, on perusing them, either, or both united, had seemed to
supersede what I proposed to myself in mine, I should immediately have
abandoned my intention of writing it. But the above-named works, in the
first place, relate to country matters exclusively. In the next place,
the first of them details those matters in the form of a dry calendar,
professedly made up from other calendars which previously existed, and
_not_ from actual observation; and the second merely throws gleams of
its writer's agreeable genius over such of those matters as are most
susceptible of that treatment: while both occupy no little portion of
their space by quotations, sufficiently appropriate no doubt, but from
poets whose works are in everybody's hands.
THE MIRROR OF THE MONTHS, therefore, does not interfere with the
abovenamed works, nor do they with it. It is in substance, though
certainly not in form, a Calendar of the various events and appearances
connected with a Country and a London life, during each successive Month
of the Year. And it endeavours to impress upon the memory such of its
information as seems best worth retaining, by either placing it in a
_picturesque_ point of view, or by connecting it with some association,
often purely accidental, and not seldom extravagant perhaps, but not the
less likely to answer its end, if it succeed in changing mere dry
information into amusement.
I may perhaps be allowed to add, in extenuation of the errors and
deficiencies of this little volume, that it has been written entirely
from the personal observations of one who uses no note-book but that
which Nature writes for him in the tablets of his memory; and that when
printed books have been turned to at all, it has only been with a view
to solve any doubt that he might feel, as to the exact period of any
particular event or appearance.
It is also proper to mention, that the four first Months have appeared
in a periodical work. In fact, it was the favourable reception they met
with there which induced the careful re-writing of them, and the
appearance of the whole under their present form.
MIRROR OF THE MONTHS.
JANUARY.
Those "Cynthias of a minute," the Months, fleet past us so swiftly, that
though we never mistake them while they are present with us, yet the
moment any one of them is gone by, we begin to blend the recollection of
its features with those of the one which preceded it, or that which has
taken its place, and thus confuse them together till we know not "which
is which." And then, to mend the matter, when the whole of them have
danced their graceful round, hand in hand, before us, not being able to
think of either separately, we unite them all together in our
imagination, and call them the Past Year; as we gather flowers into a
bunch, and call them a bouquet.
Now this should not be. Each one of the sweet sisterhood has features
sufficiently marked and distinct to entitle her to a place and a name;
and if we mistake these features, and attribute those of any one to any
other, it is because we look at them with a cold and uninterested, and
therefore an inobservant regard. The lover of Julie could trace fifty
minute particulars which were wanting in the portrait of his mistress;
though to any one else it would have appeared a likeness: for, to common
observers, "a likeness" means merely a something which is not so
absolutely _un_like but what it is capable of calling up the idea of the
original, to those who are intimately acquainted with it.
Now, I have been for a long while past accustomed to feel towards the
common portraits of the
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_By S. G. Tallentyre_
The Life of Voltaire
The Life of Mirabeau
Matthew Hargraves
THE LIFE
OF
VOLTAIRE
[Illustration: _Voltaire from the statue by Houdon at the Comédie
Française._]
THE LIFE
OF
VOLTAIRE
BY
S. G. TALLENTYRE
AUTHOR OF “THE WOMEN OF THE SALONS,” ETC.
“_Je n’ai point de sceptre, mais j’ai une plume._”--VOLTAIRE
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
THIRD EDITION
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
NEW YORK AND LONDON
The Knickerbocker Press
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE BOYHOOD 1
II. EPIGRAMS AND THE BASTILLE 16
III. “ŒDIPE,” AND THE JOURNEY TO HOLLAND 25
IV. THE “HENRIADE,” AND A VISIT TO COURT 37
V. ENGLAND, AND THE “ENGLISH LETTERS” 48
VI. PLAYS, A BURLESQUE, AND THE APPEARANCE OF THE “LETTERS” 60
VII. MADAME DU CHÂTELET 74
VIII. A YEAR OF STORMS 86
IX. WORK AT CIREY 96
X. PLEASURE AT CIREY 106
XI. THE AFFAIR DESFONTAINES 117
XII. FLYING VISITS TO FREDERICK 127
XIII. TWO PLAYS AND A FAILURE 137
XIV. VOLTAIRE AS DIPLOMATIST AND COURTIER 149
XV. THE POPE, THE POMPADOUR, AND “THE TEMPLE OF GLORY” 159
XVI. THE ACADEMY, AND A VISIT 167
XVII. COURT DISFAVOUR, AND HIDING AT SCEAUX 175
XVIII. THE MARQUIS DE SAINT-LAMBERT 183
XIX. THE DEATH OF MADAME DU CHÂTELET 194
XX. PARIS, “ORESTE” AND “ROME SAUVÉE” 206
XXI. GLAMOUR 221
XXII. THE RIFT WITHIN THE LUTE 233
XXIII. THE QUARREL WITH MAUPERTUIS 249
XXIV. THE FLIGHT FROM PRUSSIA 265
XXV. THE COMEDY OF FRANKFORT 274
XXVI. THE “ESSAY ON THE MANNERS AND MIND OF NATIONS” 286
XXVII. THE ARRIVAL IN SWITZERLAND 296
XXVIII. THE DÉLICES, AND THE “POEM ON THE DISASTER OF LISBON” 307
XXIX. “NATURAL LAW,” THE VISIT OF D’ALEMBERT, AND THE AFFAIR OF BYNG 318
XXX. THE INTERFERENCE IN THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR, THE
“GENEVA” ARTICLE, AND LIFE AT DÉLICES 329
XXXI. “THE LITERARY WAR,” AND THE PURCHASE OF FERNEY AND TOURNEY 344
XXXII. FERNEY 356
XXXIII. “CANDIDE,” AND “ÉCRASEZ L’INFÂME” 369
XXXIV. THE BATTLE OF PARTICLES, AND THE BATTLE OF COMEDIES 384
XXXV. BUILDING A CHURCH, AND ENDOWING A DAUGHTER 401
XXXVI. THE AFFAIR OF CALAS 413
XXXVII. THE “TREATISE ON TOLERANCE” 429
XXXVIII. THE SIRVENS AND LA BARRE 446
XXXIX. VOLTAIRE AND GENEVA: VOLTAIRE AND LA HARPE 463
XL. THE COLONY OF WATCHMAKERS AND WEAVERS 481
XLI. THE PIGALLE STATUE, AND THE VINDICATION OF LALLY 497
XLII. LATTER DAYS 514
XLIII. THE LAST VISIT 530
XLIV. THE END 553
INDEX 573
ILLUSTRATIONS
FACING PAGE
VOLTAIRE _Frontispiece_
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are listed at the end of the text.
{565}
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
* * * * *
"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
* * * * *
No. 189.]
Saturday, June 11, 1853.
[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
* * * * *
CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page
Tom Moore's First! 565
Notes on several Misunderstood Words, by the Rev.
W. R. Arrowsmith 566
Verney Papers: the Capuchin Friars, &c., by Thompson
Cooper 568
Early Satirical Poem 568
The Letters of Atticus, by William Cramp 569
MINOR NOTES:--Irish Bishops as English Suffragans--
Pope and Buchanan--Scarce MSS. in the British
Museum--The Royal Garden at Holyrood Palace--
The Old Ship "Royal Escape" 569
QUERIES:--
"The Light of Brittaine" 570
MINOR QUERIES:--Thirteen an unlucky Number--
Quotations--"Other-some" and "Unneath"--
Newx, &c.--"A Joabi Alloquio"--Illuminations--
Heraldic Queries--John's Spoils from Peterborough
and Crowland--"Elementa sex." &c.--Jack and Gill:
Sir Hubbard de Hoy--Humphrey Hawarden--"Populus
vult decipi"--Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and
Cambridgeshire--Harris 571
REPLIES:--
Bishop Butler, by J. H. Markland, &c. 572
Mitigation of Capital Punishment to Forgers 573
Mythe _versus_ Myth, by Charles Thiriold 575
"Inquiry into the State of the Union, by the Wednesday
Club in Friday Street," by James Crossley 576
Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott, by William
Williams, &c. 576
Church Catechism 577
Jacob Bobart, &c., by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 578
"Its," by W. B. Rye 578
Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by Henry T. Riley 579
Books of Emblems, by J. B. Yates, &c. 579
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Pollock's Directions
for obtaining Positive Photographs upon
albumenised Paper--Test for Lenses--Washing Collodion
Pictures 581
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Cremonas--James Chaloner
--Irish Convocation--St. Paul's Epistle to Seneca
--Captain Ayloff--Plan of London--Syriac Scriptures
--Meaning of "Worth"--Khond Fable--Collar of S3.
--Chaucer's Knowledge of Italian--Pic Nic--Canker
or Brier Rose--Door-head Inscriptions--"Time and
I"--Lowbell--Overseers of Wills--Detached Belfry
Towers--Vincent Family, &c. 582
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 586
Notices to Correspondents 586
Advertisements 587
* * * * *
Notes.
TOM MOORE'S FIRST!
It is now generally understood that the first poetic effusion of Thomas
Moore was entrusted to a publication entitled _Anthologia Hibernica_, which
held its monthly existence from Jan. 1793 to December 1794, and is now a
repertorium of the spirited efforts made in Ireland in that day to
establish periodical literature. The set is complete in four volumes: and
being anxious to see if I could trace the "fine Roman" hand of him whom his
noble poetic satirist, and after fast friend, Byron, styled the "young
Catullus of his day," I went to the volumes, and give you the result.
No trace of Moore appears in the volume containing the first six months of
the publication; but in the "List of Subscribers" in the second, we see
"_Master_ Thomas Moore;" and as we find this designation changed in the
fourth volume to "_Mr._ Thomas Moore, Trinity College, Dublin!" (a boy with
a black ribband in his collar, being as a collegian an "_ex officio_
man!"), we may take it for ascertained that we have arrived at the
well-spring of those effusions which have since flowed in such sparkling
volumes among the poetry of the day.
Moore's first contribution is easily identified; for it is prefaced by a
note, dated "Aungier Street, Sept. 11, 1793," which contains the usual
request of insertion for "_the attempts of a youthful muse_," &c., and is
signed in the semi-incognito style, "Th-m-s M--re;" the writer fearing,
doubtless, lest his fond mamma should fail to recognise in _his own copy_
of the periodical the performance of her little precocious Apollo.
This contribution consists of two pieces, of which we have room but for the
first: which is a striking exemplification (in subject at least) of
Wordsworth's aphorism, that "the child is father to the man." It is a
sonnet addressed to "Zelia," "_On her charging the author with writing too
much on Love!_" Who _Zelia_ was--whether a lineal ancestress of Dickens's
"Mrs. Harris," or some actual grown up young lady, who was teased by, and
tried to check the chirpings of the little {566} precocious singing
bird--does not appear: but we suspect the former, for this sonnet is
immediately followed by "A Pastoral Ballad!" calling upon some _Celia_
unknown to "pity his tears and complaint," &c., in the usual namby-pamby
style of these compositions. To any one who considers the smart,
_espiegle_, highly artificial style of "Tom Moore's" after compositions,
his "Pastoral Ballad" will be what Coleridge called his Vision, a
"psychological curiosity."
Passing on through the volumes, in the Number for February 1794 we find a
paraphrase of the Fifth Ode of Anacreon, by "Thomas Moore;" another short
poem in June 1794, "To the Memory of Francis Perry, Esq.," signed "T. M.,"
and dated "Aungier Street." These are all which can be identified by
outward and visible signs, without danger of mistake: but there are a
number of others scattered through the volumes which I conjecture may be
his; they are under different signatures, generally T. L., which may be
taken to stand for the _alias_ "Thomas Little," by which Moore afterwards
made himself so well known. There is an "Ode to Morning," in the Number for
March 1794, above the ordinary run of magazine poetry. And in the Number
for May following are "Imitations from the Greek" and Italian, all under
this same signature. And this last being derived from some words in
Petrarch's will, bequeathing his lute to a friend, is the more curious; and
may the more probably be supposed Moore's, as it contains a thought which
is not unlikely to have suggested in after years the idea of his celebrated
melody, entitled the "Bard's Legacy." The Number for Nov. 1794, last but
one in the fourth volume, contains a little piece on "Variety," which
independent of a T. M. signature, I would _almost swear_, from internal
evidence, to be Moore's; it is the last in the series, and indicates such
progress as two years might be supposed to give the youthful poet, from the
lack-a-daisical style of his first attempts, towards that light, brilliant,
sportive vein of humour in which he afterwards wrote "What the Bee is to
the Flowret," &c., and other similar compositions. I now give Moore's first
sonnet, including its footnote, reminding us of the child's usual
explanatory addition to his first drawing of some amorphous animal--"This
is a horse!" or "a
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MEN, WOMEN, AND BOATS
By Stephen Crane
Edited With an Introduction by Vincent Starrett
NOTE
A Number of the tales and sketches here brought together appear now for
the first time between covers; others for the first time between covers
in this country. All have been gathered from out-of-print volumes and
old magazine files.
"The Open Boat," one of Stephen Crane's finest stories, is used with
the courteous permission of Doubleday, Page & Co., holders of the
copyright. Its companion masterpiece, "The Blue Hotel," because of
copyright complications, has had to be omitted, greatly to the regret
of the editor.
After the death of Stephen Crane, a haphazard and undiscriminating
gathering of his earlier tales and sketches appeared in London under
the misleading title, "Last Words." From this volume, now rarely met
with, a number of characteristic minor works have been selected, and
these will be new to Crane's American admirers; as follows: "The
Reluctant Voyagers," "The End of the Battle," "The Upturned Face," "An
Episode of War," "A Desertion," "Four Men in a Cave," "The Mesmeric
Mountain," "London Impressions," "The Snake."
Three of our present collection, printed by arrangement, appeared in
the London (1898) edition of "The Open Boat and Other Stories,"
published by William Heinemann, but did not occur in the American
volume of that title. They are "An Experiment in Misery," "The Duel
that was not Fought," and "The Pace of Youth."
For the rest, "A Dark Brown Dog," "A Tent in Agony," and "The Scotch
Express," are here
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THE SWOOP!
or
How Clarence Saved England
_A Tale of the Great Invasion_
by P. G. Wodehouse
1909
PREFACE
It may be thought by some that in the pages which follow I have painted
in too lurid colours the horrors of a foreign invasion of England.
Realism in art, it may be argued, can be carried too far. I prefer to
think that the majority of my readers will acquit me of a desire to be
unduly sensational. It is necessary that England should be roused to a
sense of her peril, and only by setting down without flinching the
probable results of an invasion can this be done. This story, I may
mention, has been written and published purely from a feeling of
patriotism and duty. Mr. Alston Rivers' sensitive soul will be jarred
to its foundations if it is a financial success. So will mine. But in a
time of national danger we feel that the risk must be taken. After all,
at the worst, it is a small sacrifice to make for our country.
P. G. WODEHOUSE.
_The Bomb-Proof Shelter,_ _London, W._
Part One
Chapter 1
AN ENGLISH BOY'S HOME
_August the First, 19--_
Clarence Chugwater looked around him with a frown, and gritted his
teeth.
"England--my England!" he moaned.
Clarence was a sturdy lad of some fourteen summers. He was neatly, but
not gaudily, dressed in a flat-brimmed hat, a handkerchief, a
flannel shirt, a bunch of ribbons, a haversack, football shorts, brown
boots, a whistle, and a hockey-stick. He was, in fact, one of General
Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts.
Scan him closely. Do not dismiss him with a passing glance; for you are
looking at the Boy of Destiny, at Clarence MacAndrew Chugwater, who
saved England.
To-day those features are familiar to all. Everyone has seen the
Chugwater Column in Aldwych, the equestrian statue in Chugwater Road
(formerly Piccadilly), and the picture-postcards in the stationers'
windows. That bulging forehead, distended with useful information; that
massive chin; those eyes, gleaming behind their spectacles; that
_tout ensemble_; that _je ne sais quoi_.
In a word, Clarence!
He could do everything that the Boy Scout must learn to do. He could
low like a bull. He could gurgle like a wood-pigeon. He could imitate
the cry of the turnip in order to deceive rabbits. He could smile and
whistle simultaneously in accordance with Rule 8 (and only those who
have tried this know how difficult it is). He could spoor, fell trees,
tell the character from the boot-sole, and fling the squaler. He did
all these things well, but what he was really best at was flinging the
squaler.
* * * * *
Clarence, on this sultry August afternoon, was tensely occupied
tracking the family cat across the dining-room carpet by its
foot-prints. Glancing up for a moment, he caught sight of the other
members of the family.
"England, my England!" he moaned.
It was indeed a sight to extract tears of blood from any Boy Scout. The
table had been moved back against the wall, and in the cleared space
Mr. Chugwater, whose duty it was to have set an example to his
children, was playing diabolo. Beside him, engrossed in cup-and-ball,
was his wife. Reggie Chugwater, the eldest son, the heir, the hope of
the house, was reading the cricket news in an early edition of the
evening paper. Horace, his brother, was playing pop-in-taw with his
sister Grace and Grace's _fiance_, Ralph Peabody. Alice, the other
Miss Chugwater, was mending a Badminton racquet.
Not a single member of that family was practising with the rifle, or
drilling, or learning to make bandages.
Clarence groaned.
"If you can't play without snorting like that, my boy," said Mr.
Ch
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text is indicated by =equals signs=.
English Men of Action
MONK
[Illustration]
[Illustration: MONK
From a Miniature by SAMUEL COOPER in the Royal Collection at Windsor]
MONK
BY
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MIDNIGHT SUNBEAMS.
[Illustration]
MIDNIGHT SUNBEAMS
OR
BITS OF TRAVEL THROUGH THE LAND
OF THE NORSEMAN
BY
_EDWIN COOLIDGE KIMBALL_
BOSTON
CUPPLES AND HURD, PUBLISHERS
To
WALTER H. CAMP,
In memory of years of friendship, this book is affectionately
dedicated.
PREFACE.
The following sketches of a journey in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark
are given to the public in the hope that their perusal will furnish
information concerning the people, and attractions, of countries which
are being visited by Americans more and more each succeeding year.
While they may impart some useful knowledge to intending travellers
over the same ground, it is hoped as well that they will furnish
entertainment to those who travel only through books.
The memories of the days passed in the North are so sunny and
delightful, that I wish others to enjoy them with me; and if the reader
receives a clear impression of the novel experiences and thorough
pleasure attending a journey through Norseland, and partakes, if only
in a limited degree, of my enthusiasm over the character of the people
and the imposing grandeurs of nature, the object of this book will be
accomplished.
E. C. K.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
_COPENHAGEN AND ENVIRONS._
PAGE
LÜBECK—JOURNEY TO COPENHAGEN—HERR RENTIER—BERTEL
THORVALDSEN—MUSEUMS—AN EVENING AT THE TIVOLI—SOUVENIRS OF
HAMLET—A FAMOUS MOTHER-IN-LAW—THE FREDERIKSBORG PALACE—AN
AIMLESS WIDOW 15
CHAPTER II.
_ACROSS SWEDEN BY THE GOTHA CANAL._
A DAY AT GOTHENBURG—THE GOTHA CANAL—LIFE ON THE
“VENUS”—KEEPING OUR MEAL ACCOUNTS—THE TROLLHÄTTA
FALLS—PASTORAL SCENERY—SWEDISH BOARDING-SCHOOL
GIRLS—LAKE MÄLAR 41
CHAPTER III.
_IN AND ABOUT STOCKHOLM._
THE ISLANDS AND FEATURES OF THE CITY—THE WESTMINSTER ABBEY
OF SWEDEN—INTERESTING MUSEUMS—LEADING CITY FOR
TELEPHONES—SCENES AT EVENING CONCERTS—THE MULTITUDE OF
EXCURSIONS—DOWN THE BALTIC TO VAXHOLM—ROYAL CASTLES ON THE
LAKE—UNIVERSITY TOWN OF UPSALA 57
CHAPTER IV.
_RAILWAY JOURNEY TO THRONDHJEM._
SWEDISH RAILWAYS AND MEAL STATIONS—AMONG THE SNOW
BANKS—THE DESCENT TO THRONDHJEM—THE SHRINE OF ST.
OLAF—NORTH CAPE STEAMERS 75
CHAPTER V.
_THE NORWEGIAN NORDLAND._
THE EVER-PRESENT SALMON—A CHEESE EXHIBITION—THE BLESSED
ISLAND BELT—TORGHÄTTA AND THE SEVEN SISTERS—SCENES WITHIN
THE ARCTIC CIRCLE—VISIT TO THE SVARTISEN GLACIER—COASTING
ALONG THE LOFODEN ISLANDS—SEA FOWL AND EIDER DUCKS—REINDEER
SWIMMING ACROSS THE FJORD 89
CHAPTER VI.
_FROM TROMSÖ TO THE NORTH CAPE._
THE SIGHTS OF TROMSÖ—A VISIT TO A WHALE-OIL FACTORY—THE
MOST NORTHERN TOWN IN THE WORLD—BIRD ISLANDS IN THE
ARCTIC OCEAN—A PICNIC AT THE BASE OF THE NORTH CAPE—THE
MIDNIGHT SUN—PERPLEXITIES OF PERPETUAL DAY 111
CHAPTER VII.
_THE VOYAGE BACK TO THRONDHJEM._
THE LYNGEN FJORD—LAPP ENCAMPMENT IN THE TROMSDAL—A SMUKE
PIGE—LAPP HUTS AND BABIES—REINDEER, AND THEIR MANIFOLD
USES—LOADING CATTLE—FAREWELL APPEARANCE OF THE MIDNIGHT
SUN—SCENES AMONG THE STEERAGE 133
CHAPTER VIII.
_MOLDE AND THE ROMSDAL._
CHRISTIANSUND—RESTING AT MOLDE—LEPROSY IN NORWAY—FIRST
CARRIOLE DRIVE—STRUGGLING WITH THE NORSE LANGUAGE—WALK
THROUGH THE ROMSDAL 151
CHAPTER IX.
_A MOUNTAIN WALK._
STEAMBOAT SERVICE—A NIGHT IN A MOUNTAIN SÆTER—PRIMITIVE
ACCOMMODATIONS—A TALKATIVE FARMER—RIDING
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[Illustration: THE CAPTURE OF THE INDIAN BOY. Page 201.]
HOPE AND HAVE;
OR,
FANNY GRANT AMONG THE INDIANS.
A Story for Young People.
BY
OLIVER OPTIC,
AUTHOR OF "RICH AND HUMBLE," "IN SCHOOL AND OUT," "WATCH AND
WAIT," "WORK AND WIN," "THE RIVERDALE STORY BOOKS,"
"THE ARMY AND NAVY STORIES," "THE BOAT CLUB,"
"ALL ABOARD," "NOW OR NEVER," ETC.
"For we are saved by hope."--ST. PAUL.
BOSTON:
LEE AND SHEPARD,
(SUCCESSORS TO PHILLIPS, SAMPSON & CO.)
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by
WILLIAM T. ADAMS,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court
of the District of Massachusetts.
ELECTROTYPED AT THE
BOSTON STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY,
4 _Spring Lane_.
TO
MY YOUNG FRIEND,
RACHEL E. BAKER,
This Book
IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.
THE WOODVILLE STORIES.
IN SIX VOLUMES.
A LIBRARY FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.
BY OLIVER OPTIC.
1. RICH AND HUMBLE.
2. IN SCHOOL AND OUT.
3. WATCH AND WAIT.
4. WORK AND WIN.
5. HOPE AND HAVE.
6. HASTE AND WASTE.
PREFACE.
The fifth volume of the Woodville stories contains the experience of
Fanny Grant, who from a very naughty girl became a very good one, by
the influence of a pure and beautiful example, exhibited to the erring
child in the hour of her greatest wandering from the path of rectitude.
The story is not an illustration of the "pleasures of hope;" but an
attempt to show the young reader that what we most desire, in moral and
spiritual, as well as worldly things, we labor the hardest to obtain--a
truism adopted by the heroine in the form of the principal title of the
volume, Hope and Have.
The terrible Indian massacre which occurred in Minnesota, in 1862, is
the foundation of the latter half of the story; and the incidents, so
far as they have been used, were drawn from authentic sources. Fanny
Grant's experience is tame compared with that of hundreds who suffered
by this deplorable event; and her adventures, in company with Ethan
French, are far less romantic than many which are sufficiently attested
by the principal actors in them.
Once more, and with increased pleasure, the author tenders to his
juvenile friends his thanks for their continued kindness to him and his
books; and he hopes his present offering will both please and benefit
them.
WILLIAM T. ADAMS.
HARRISON SQUARE, MASS.,
July 16, 1866.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAP. I. The Naughty Girl. 11
CHAP. II. Thou shalt not steal. 25
CHAP. III. Letting the Cat out. 39
CHAP. IV. Fanny the Skipper. 52
CHAP. V. Down the River. 66
CHAP. VI. Kate's Defection. 79
CHAP. VII. The Soldier's Family. 93
CHAP. VIII. The Sick Girl. 107
CHAP. IX. Hope and Have. 120
CHAP. X. Good out of Evil. 135
CHAP. XI. Penitence and Pardon. 148
CHAP. XII. The New Home. 162
CHAP. XIII. The Indian Massacre. 176
CHAP. XIV. The Indian Boy. 190
CHAP. XV. The Conference. 204
CHAP. XVI. The Young Exiles. 218
CHAP. XVII. The Night Attack. 231
CHAP. XVIII. The Visitor at the Island. 244
CHAP. XIX. The Indian Ambush. 257
CHAP. XX. Conclusion. 270
HOPE AND HAVE;
OR,
FANNY GRANT AMONG THE INDIANS.
CHAPTER I.
THE NAUGHTY GIRL.
"Now you will be a good girl, Fanny Jane, while I am gone--won't you?"
said Fanny Grant, who has several times before appeared in these
stories, to Fanny Jane Grant, her namesake, who has not before been
presented to our readers.
"O, yes, Miss Fanny; I will be ever so good; I won't even look wrong,"
replied Fanny Jane, whose snapping black eyes even then beamed with
mischief.
"I am afraid you don't mean what you say," added Miss Fanny,
suspiciously.
"Yes, I do; I mean every word of it, and more too."
"You make large promises; and
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D'Hooghe at http://www.freeliterature.org (Images
generouslly made available by the Internet Archive.)
WANDA
BY
OUIDA
_'Doch!--alles was dazu mich trieb_;
_Gott!--war so gut, ach, war so lieb!_'
Goethe
IN THREE VOLUMES
VOL. I.
London
CHATTO & WINDUS, PICCADILLY
1873
TO
'A PERFECT WOMAN, NOBLY PLANN'D'
WALPURGA, LADY PAGET
NÉE
COUNTESS VON HOHENTHAL
This book is inscribed
IN ADMIRATION AND AFFECTION
WANDA.
PROEM.
Doch--alles was dazu mich trieb,
Gott! war so gut! ach, war so lieb!--GOETHE.
Towards the close of a summer's day in Russia a travelling carriage was
compelled to pause before a little village whilst a smith rudely mended
its broken wheel.
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Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A
list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the
end.]
NOTES and QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
VOL. IV.--No. 96. SATURDAY, AUGUST 30. 1851.
Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._
CONTENTS.
Page
The Caxton Memorial and Chaucer's Monument 145
NOTES:--
Collar of SS., by Edward Foss 147
Printing 148
Folk Lore:--Bible Divination in Suffolk--Mode of
discovering Bodies of the Drowned--Somersetshire Rhyme 148
Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations 149
Minor Notes:--Cocker's Arithmetic--The Duke of
Normandy--Anachronisms and Errors of Painters--The Ring
Finger--The Od Force--New Costume for Ladies 149
QUERIES:--
Judges styled Reverend, &c. 151
Minor Queries:--Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)--Unlucky
for Pregnant Women to take on Oath--Cockroach--Felton--Date
of a Charter--Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman"--Godfrey
Higgins' Works--Noctes Templariae--Commissioners on Officers
of Justice in England--Marcus AElius Antoninus--Derivation
of Pic-nic--Sir Thomas More's Knighthood--Portrait of
Mandeville--Early History of Dingle--Language of Ancient
Egypt--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Names first given to
Parishes--German Testament--The Man of Law--The
Termination "Ship"--Nullus and Nemo--The noblest Object
of the Work of Art--Poulster 151
MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Rev. Caesar de Missy--F. Beaumont
and Jeremy Taylor--"Carve out Dials"--Log Book--Lord
Clydesdale--"Time is the Stuff of which Life is
made"--"Yet forty Days"--The Empress Helena 153
REPLIES:--
Royal Library 154
The "Eisell" Controversy 155
Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor 157
"House of Yvery" 158
On "Rack" in the Tempest 158
Richard Rolle of Hampole 159
Replies to Minor Queries:--Lady Flora Hastings'
Bequest--"The Right divine of Kings to govern
wrong"--Fairlight Church--Dogmatism and Puppyism--Was
Stella Swift's Sister?--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--Meaning of
Carnaby--Scandinavian Mythology, &c. 160
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 165
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 166
Notices to Correspondents 166
Advertisements 167
THE CAXTON MEMORIAL AND CHAUCER'S MONUMENT.
The result of the appeals which have recently been made to the
sympathies of the present age for the purpose of erecting a
Memorial to our first Printer, and of restoring the crumbling tomb
of one of our earliest and greatest Poets, has gone near to prove
that the admirers of Caxton and Chaucer are disposed to yield to
the objects of their hero-worship little more than lip service. In
short, the plan for the Caxton Memorial, and that for the
restoration of Chaucer's Monument, have well nigh failed.
The projectors of the former had, indeed, in the necessity of
settling what the Caxton Memorial should be, to encounter, at the
very outset of their undertaking, one difficulty from
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Produced by Annie McGuire
[Illustration: HARPER'S
YOUNG PEOPLE
AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.]
* * * * *
VOL. I.--NO. 12. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR
CENTS.
Tuesday, January 20, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50
per Year, in Advance.
* * * * *
[Illustration]
Poor pussy comes at break of day,
And wakes me up to make me play;
But I am such a sleepy head,
That I'd much rather stay in bed!
OUR OWN STAR.
"As we have already," began the Professor, "had a talk about the stars
in general, let us this morning give a little attention to our own
particular star."
"Is there a star that we can call our own?" asked May, with unusual
animation. "How nice! I wonder if it can be the one I saw from our front
window last evening, that looked so bright and beautiful?"
"I am sure it was not," said the Professor, "if you saw it in the
evening."
"Is it hard to see our star, then?" she said.
"By no means," replied the Professor; "rather it is hard not to see it.
But you must be careful about looking directly at it, or your eyes will
be badly dazzled, it is so very bright. Our star is no other than the
sun. And we are right in calling it a star, because all the stars are
suns, and very likely give light and heat to worlds as large as our
earth, though they are all so far off that we can not see them. Our star
seems so much brighter and hotter than the others, only because it is so
much nearer to us than they are, though still it is some ninety-two
millions of miles away."
"How big is the sun?" asked Joe.
"You can get the clearest idea of its size by a comparison. The earth is
7920 miles in diameter, that is, as measured right through the centre.
Now suppose it to be only one inch, or about as large as a plum or a
half-grown peach; then we would have to regard the sun as three yards in
diameter, so that if it were in this room it would reach from the floor
to the ceiling."
"How do they find out the distance of the sun?" asked Joe.
"Until lately," replied the Professor, "the same method was pursued as
in surveying, that is, by measuring lines and angles. An angle, you
know, is the corner made by two lines coming together, as in the letter
V. But that method did not answer very well, as it did not make the
distance certain within several millions of miles. Quite recently
Professor Newcomb has found out a way of measuring the sun's distance by
the velocity of its light. He has invented a means of learning exactly
how fast light moves; and then, by comparing this with the time light
takes to come from the sun to us, he is able to tell how far off the sun
is. Thus, if a man knows how many miles he walks in an hour, and how
many hours it takes him to walk to a certain place, he can very easily
figure up the number of miles it is away."
"Why," said Gus, "that sounds just like what Bob Stebbins said the other
day in school. He has a big silver watch that he is mighty fond of
hauling out of his pocket before everybody. A caterpillar came crawling
through the door, and went right toward the teacher's desk at the other
end of the room. 'Now,' said Bob, 'if that fellow will only keep
straight ahead, I can tell how long the room is.' So out came the watch,
and Bob wrote down the time and how many inches the caterpillar
travelled in a minute. But just then Sally Smith came across his track
with her long dress, and swept him to Jericho. We boys all laughed out;
Sally blushed and got angry; and the teacher kept us in after school."
"Astronomers have the same kind of troubles," said the Professor. "They
incur great labor and expense to take some particular observation that
is possible only once in a number of years, and then for only a few
minutes. And after their instruments are all carefully set up, and their
calculations made, the clouds spread over the sky, and hide everything
they wish to see. People, too, are very apt to laugh at their
disappointment.
"There would, however, be no science of astronomy if those
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Produced by Larry B. Harrison and The Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Transcriber's Note
Footnote 194: Missing reference page number.
Footnotes have been placed at end of their respective chapter.
Obvious punctuation and spelling errors have been repaired.
A STUDY OF ARMY CAMP LIFE DURING AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BY
MARY HAZEL SNUFF
B. S. North-Western College, 1917.
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of
MASTER OF ARTS
IN HISTORY
IN
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
1918
[Illustration]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter I
HOUSING CONDITIONS 4
Chapter II
FOOD AND CLOTHING 15
Chapter III
HEALTH AND SANITATION 27
Chapter IV
RECREATION IN CAMP 37
Chapter V
RELIGION IN THE CAMP 46
Chapter VI
CAMP DUTIES AND DISCIPLINE 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY 64
INTRODUCTION
The object of this study is to produce a picture of the private soldier
of the American Revolution as he lived, ate, was punished, played,
and worshiped in the army camp. Drawing that picture not only from
the standpoint of the continental congress, the body which made the
rules and regulations for governing the army, or from the officer's
view point as they issued orders from headquarters rather just a
study of the soldier himself in the camp conditions and his reaction
to them. It was easy for congress to determine the rations or for
the commander-in-chief to issue orders about housing conditions and
sanitation, but the opportunities for obeying those orders were not
always the best. It is just that fact, not what was intended, but what
happened, that is to be discussed.
The soldier in camp is an aspect of the Revolutionary War which has
been taken up only in a very general way by writers of that period of
history, except perhaps the conditions at Valley Forge, for at least
their terrible side is quite generally known. Charles Knowles Bolton
has studied the private soldier under Washington[1], but has emphasized
other phases of the soldier's life than those taken up in this study.
The material has been gathered mostly from letters, journals, orderly
books, and diaries of the officers and privates, written while in camp.
The difficulty confronted has been to get the diaries of the private
soldier. They have either not been published or if they have been
published they have been edited in such a way as to make them useless
for a study of social conditions in camp, the emphasis having been
placed on the military operations and tactics rather than the every day
incidents in the soldier's life.
The soldier has been studied after he went into camp. Little has been
said about the conditions which led to the war or the conditions as
they were before the struggle began except as they are used to explain
existing facts. It has been the plan in most of the chapters to give a
brief resume of the plans made by congress or the commander-in-chief
for the working out of that particular part of the organization, then
to describe the conditions as they really were.
There has been no attempt made, for it would be an almost impossible
task, to give a picture of the life in all the camps but rather the
more representative phases have been described or conditions in general
have been discussed.
The first phase of camp life considered is that of the housing
conditions, the difficulties encountered, the description of the huts,
the method of construction, and the furnishing. This is followed in the
second chapter with a study of the food and clothing, the supply and
scarcity of those necessities. The third chapter will have to do with
the health and sanitation of the soldier while encamped, the hospital
system, the number sick, the diseases most prevalent and the means
of prevention. The soldier's leisure time will be the subject of the
fourth chapter, the sort of recreation he had been in the habit of at
home and the ways he found of amusing himself in camp conditions. The
soldier's religion forms the subject matter of the fifth chapter, the
influence of the minister before the war, his place in the army, the
religious exercises in camp and their effect upon the individual and
the war in general. The last chapter will in a way be a recapitulation
of all that has gone before by drawing a picture of a day with a
soldier in camp emphasizing the discipline and duties of camp life.
[Footnote 1: Bolton, _The Private Soldier Under Washington_.]
Chapter I
HOUSING CONDITIONS
The war was on, the Lexington and Concord fray was over, Paul Revere
had made his memorable ride, and the young patriots with enthusiasm
at white heat were swarming from
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Produced by Roy Brown, Wiltshire, England
THE LIGHTHOUSE
By R.M.BALLANTYNE
Author of "The Coral Island" &c.
BLACKIE AND SON LIMITED
LONDON GLASGOW BOMBAY
E-Test prepared by Roy Brown
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. THE ROCK.
II. THE LOVERS AND THE PRESS-GANG.
III. OUR HERO OBLIGED TO GO TO SEA.
IV. THE BURGLARY.
V. THE BELL ROCK INVADED.
VI. THE CAPTAIN CHANGES HIS QUARTERS.
VII. RUBY IN DIFFICULTIES.
VIII THE SCENE CHANGES--RUBY IS VULCANIZED.
IX. STORMS AND TROUBLES.
X. THE RISING OF THE TIDE--A NARROW ESCAPE.
XI. A STORM, AND A DISMAL STATE OF THINGS ON BOARD THE
PHAROS.
XII. BELL ROCK BILLOWS--AN UNEXPECTED VISIT--A DISASTER AND A
RESCUE.
XIII. A SLEEPLESS BUT A PLEASANT NIGHT.
XIV. SOMEWHAT STATISTICAL.
XV. RUBY HAS A RISE IN LIFE, AND A FALL.
XVI. NEW ARRANGEMENTS--THE CAPTAIN'S PHILOSOPHY IN REGARD TO
PIPEOLOGY.
XVII. A MEETING WITH OLD FRIENDS, AND AN EXCURSION.
XVIII. THE BATTLE OF ARBROATH, AND OTHER WARLIKE MATTERS.
XIX. AN ADVENTURE--SECRETS REVEALED, AND A PRIZE.
XX. THE SMUGGLERS ARE "TREATED" TO GIN AND ASTONISHMENT.
XXI. THE BELL ROCK AGAIN--A DREARY NIGHT IN A STRANGE
HABITATION.
XXII. LIFE IN THE BEACON--STORY OF THE EDDYSTONE LIGHTHOUSE.
XXIII. THE STORM.
XXIV. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS.
XXV. THE BELL ROOK IN A FOG--NARROW ESCAPE OF THE SMEATON.
XXVI. A SUDDEN AND TREMENDOUS CHANGE IN FORTUNES.
XXVII. OTHER THINGS BESIDES MURDER "WILL OUT".
XXVIII. THE LIGHTHOUSE COMPLETED--RUBY'S ESCAPE FROM TROUBLE BY A
DESPERATE VENTURE.
XXIX. THE WRECK.
XXX. OLD FRIENDS IN NEW CIRCUMSTANCES.
XXXI. MIDNIGHT CHAT IN A LANTERN.
XXXII. EVERYDAY LIFE ON THE BELL ROOK, AND OLD MEMORIES
RECALLED.
XXXIII. CONCLUSION.
THE LIGHTHOUSE
CHAPTER I
THE ROCK
Early on a summer morning, about the beginning of the nineteenth
century, two fishermen of Forfarshire wended their way to the shore,
launched their boat, and put off to sea.
One of the men was tall and ill-favoured, the other, short and
well-favoured. Both were square-built, powerful fellows, like most
men of the class to which they belonged.
It was about that calm hour of the morning which precedes sunrise,
when most living creatures are still asleep, and inanimate nature
wears, more than at other times, the semblance of repose. The sea was
like a sheet of undulating glass. A breeze had been expected, but,
in defiance of expectation, it had not come, so the boatmen were
obliged to use their oars. They used them well, however, insomuch
that the land ere long appeared like a blue line on the horizon, then
became tremulous and indistinct, and finally vanished in the mists of
morning.
The men pulled "with a will,"--as seamen pithily express in silence.
Only once during the first hour did the ill-favoured man venture a
remark. Referring to the absence of wind, he said, that "it would be
a' the better for landin' on the rock."
This was said in the broadest vernacular dialect, as, indeed, was
everything that dropped from the fishermen's lips. We take the
liberty of modifying it a little, believing that strict fidelity here
would entail inevitable loss of sense to many of our readers.
The remark, such as it was, called forth a rejoinder from the short
comrade, who stated his belief that "they would be likely to find
somethin' there that day."
They then relapsed into silence.
Under the regular stroke of the oars the boat advanced steadily,
straight out to sea. At first the mirror over which they skimmed was
grey, and the foam at the cutwater leaden-. By degrees they
rowed, as it were, into a brighter region. The sea ahead lightened
up, became pale yellow, then warmed into saffron, and, when the sun
rose, blazed into liquid gold.
The words spoken by the boatmen, though few, were significant. The
"rock" alluded to was the celebrated and much dreaded Inch Cape--more
familiarly known as the Bell Rock--which being at that time unmarked
by lighthouse or beacon of any kind, was the terror of mariners who
were making for the firths of Forth and Tay. The "something" that was
expected to be found there may be guessed at, when we say that one of
the fiercest storms that ever swept our eastern shores had just
exhausted itself after strewing the coast with wrecks. The breast of
ocean, though calm on the surface, as has been said, was still
heaving with a mighty swell, from the effects of the recent elemental
conflict.
"D'ye see the breakers noo, Davy?" enquired the ill-favoured man,
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Produced by Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
THE
Defence of Stonington
(CONNECTICUT)
AGAINST A BRITISH SQUADRON,
AUGUST 9TH TO 12TH, 1814.
"Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona."
HARTFORD: 1864.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE COPIES PRINTED.
FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION.
[Transcriber's Note: the various spellings of Ramilies have been retained
in the text. Similarly, some opening quotes are not always matched with
closing quotes.]
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE, page v
RECORD OF THE EXTRAORDINARY ATTACK ON STONINGTON, 9
NAMES OF VOLUNTEERS, FROM THE CONNECTICUT GAZETTE, 20
MUSTER-ROLL OF CAPT. WM. POTTER'S COMPANY, 22
ACCOUNT OF THE ATTACK, PUBLISHED BY THE BOROUGH AUTHORITIES, 24
LETTER FROM CAPT. AMOS PALMER TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 33
EXTRACT FROM GEN. ROOT'S SPEECH IN CONGRESS, 1817, 37
THE BATTLE OF STONINGTON, BY PHILIP FRENEAU, 38
CELEBRATIONS OF THE ANNIVERSARY, 42
NOTES, 47
INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
The repulse of a British squadron, at Stonington, by a few undisciplined
volunteers, having only two effective guns, imperfectly protected by a
low earth-work,--and this repulse accomplished without the loss of a
single life,--was not the
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Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images available at The Internet Archive)
[Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed.
Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows
the text. No attempt has been made to correct or normalize all
of the printed spelling of French names or words. (i.e. chateau,
Saint-Beauve, etc.) (note of etext transcriber.)]
Castles and Chateaux of Old Burgundy
and the Border Provinces
_WORKS OF FRANCIS MILTOUN_
[Illustration]
_Rambles on the Riviera_ $2.50
_Rambles in Normandy_ 2.50
_Rambles in Brittany_ 2.50
_The Cathedrals and Churches of the Rhine_ 2.50
_The Cathedrals of Northern France_ 2.50
_The Cathedrals of Southern France_ 2.50
_In the Land of Mosques and Minarets_ 3.00
_Castles and Chateaux of Old Touraine and
the Loire Country_ 3.00
_Castles and Chateaux of Old Navarre and
the Basque Provinces_ 3.00
_Castles and Chateaux of Old Burgundy
and the Border Provinces_ 3.00
_Italian Highways and Byways from a
Motor Car_ 3.00
_The Automobilist Abroad_ _net_ 3.00
(_Postage Extra_)
[Illustration]
_L. C. Page and Company_
_New England Building, Boston, Mass._
[Illustration: _Chateau de Montbéliard_
(See page 194)
]
Castles and Chateaux
OF
OLD BURGUNDY
AND THE BORDER PROVINCES
BY FRANCIS MILTOUN
Author of "Castles and Chateaux of Old Touraine," "Castles and
Chateaux of Old Navarre," "Rambles in Normandy," "Italian
Highways and Byways from a Motor-Car," etc.
_With Many Illustrations
Reproduced from paintings made on the spot_
BY BLANCHE MCMANUS
[Illustration]
BOSTON
L. C. PAGE & COMPANY
1909
_Copyright, 1909_,
BY L. C. PAGE & COMPANY
(INCORPORATED)
_All rights reserved_
First Impression, November, 1909
_Electrotyped and Printed by
THE COLONIAL PRESS
C. H. Simonds & Co., Boston, U.S.A._
[Illustration: CONTENTS]
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE REALM OF THE BURGUNDIANS 1
II. IN THE VALLEY OF THE YONNE 19
III. AVALLON, VEZELAY, AND CHASTELLUX 36
IV. SEMUR-EN-AUXOIS, ÉPOISSES AND BOURBILLY 50
V. MONTBARD AND BUSSY-RABUTIN 62
VI. "CHASTILLON AU NOBLE DUC" 75
VII. TONNERRE, TANLAY AND ANCY-LE-FRANC 84
VIII. IN OLD BURGUNDY 101
IX. DIJON THE CITY OF THE DUKES 131
X. IN THE COTE D'OR: BEAUNE, LA ROCHEPOT
AND ÉPINAC 113
XI. MAÇON, CLUNY AND THE CHAROLLAIS 153
XII. IN THE BEAUJOLAIS AND LYONNAIS 170
XIII. THE FRANCHE COMTÉ; AUXONNE AND BESANÇON 185
XIV. ON THE SWISS BORDER: BUGEY AND BRESSE 199
XV. GRENOBLE AND VIZILLE: THE CAPITAL OF THE
DAUPHINS 218
XVI. CHAMBÉRY AND THE LAC DU BOURGET 229
XVII. IN THE SHADOW OF LA GRANDE CHARTREUSE 245
XVIII. ANNECY AND LAC LEMAN 259
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Produced by Charles Bowen, from page scans provided by Google Books
Transcriber's Notes:
1. Page scan source:
http://books.google.com/books?id=b-UsAAAAMAAJ
2. The diphthong oe is represented by [oe].
THE NOVELS OF
BJOeRNSTJERNE BJOeRNSON
_Edited by EDMUND GOSSE_
VOLUME XII
_THE NOVELS OF_
_BJOeRNSTJERNE BJOeRNSON_
_Edited by EDMUND GOSSE_
_Fcap. 8vo, cloth_
_Synnoeve Solbakken_
_Arne_
_A Happy Boy_
_A Fisher Lass_
_The Bridal March, & One Day_
_Magnhild, & Dust_
_Captain Mansana, & Mother's Hands_
_Absalom's Hair, & A Painful Memory_
_In God's Way_ (2 _vols._)
_Heritage of the Kurts_ (2 _vols._)
_NEW YORK_
_THE MACMILLAN COMPANY_
THE HERITAGE OF
THE KURTS
BY
BJOeRNSTJERNE BJOeRNSON
_Translated from the Norwegian by_
_Cecil Fairfax_
VOLUME II
NEW YORK
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1908
_Printed in England_
_All rights reserved_
CONTENTS
IV.--_THE STAFF_--(_continued_)
CHAP.
II. THE STAFF
III. THE SOCIETY
IV. ON
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Produced by Ron Swanson
THE MIDDLE PERIOD
_THE AMERICAN HISTORY SERIES_
THE MIDDLE PERIOD
1817-1858
BY
JOHN W. BURGESS, PH.D., LL.D.
PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND DEAN OF THE
FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF
NEW YORK
_WITH MAPS_
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1910
COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
To the memory of my former teacher, colleague, and friend,
JULIUS HAWLEY SEELYE,
philosopher, theologian, statesman, and educator, this volume is
reverently and affectionately inscribed.
PREFACE
There is no more serious and delicate task in literature and morals
than that of writing the history of the United States from 1816 to
1860. The periods which precede this may be treated without fear of
arousing passion, prejudice, and resentment, and with little danger of
being misunderstood. Even the immaculateness of Washington may be
attacked without exciting anything worse than a sort of uncomfortable
admiration for the reckless courage of the assailant. But when we pass
the year 1820, and especially when we approach the year 1860, we find
ourselves in a different world. We find ourselves in the midst of the
ideas, the motives, and the occurrences which, and of the men who,
have, in large degree, produced the animosities, the friendships, and
the relations between parties and sections which prevail to-day.
Serious and delicate as the task is, however, the time has arrived
when it should be undertaken in a thoroughly impartial spirit. The
continued misunderstanding between the North and the South is an ever
present menace to the welfare of both sections and of the entire
nation. It makes it almost impossible to decide any question of our
politics upon its merits. It
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Produced by Al Haines
[Illustration: Cover art]
[Frontispiece: "Bearing her awful cross in the footprints of the
Nazarene."]
THE MOTHER OF ST. NICHOLAS.
(SANTA CLAUS)
A Story of Duty and Peril.
BY
GRANT BALFOUR,
Author of "The Fairy School of Castle Frank."
TORONTO:
THE POOLE PRINTING COMPANY, LIMITED,
PUBLISHERS.
Entered, according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one
thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine by A. BALFOUR GRANT, in the
office of the Minister of Agriculture.
CONTENTS
Chapter
I. Watching for the Prey
II. A Ministering Angel
III. Still on the Watch
IV. The Amphitheatre
V. The Influence Working
VI. The Indignation of Tharsos
VII. The Perplexity of Carnion
VIII. Waiting for the Victim
IX. In the Arena
X. The Lion
XI. The Man with the Dagger
XII. Discipline
XIII. Night
XIV. Day
XV. Saint Nicholas
THE MOTHER OF ST. NICHOLAS
(SANTA CLAUS).
CHAPTER I.
WATCHING FOR THE PREY.
Go back into the third century after Christ, travel east into the
famous Mediterranean Sea, survey the beautiful south-west coast of Asia
Minor, and let your eyes rest on the city of Patara. Look at it well.
Full of life then, dead and desolate now, the city has wonderful
associations in sacred and legendary lore--it saw the great reformer of
the Gentiles, and gave birth to the white-haired man of Christmas joy.
Persecution had beforetime visited Patara, in common with other parts
of the Roman Empire; and there were ominous signs, like the first
mutterings of an earthquake, that a similar calamity might come again.
The prejudice and malice of the common people were dangerously stirred
up to fight the quiet, persistent inroads of aggressive Christianity.
The authorities, perplexed and exasperated, were disposed to wink at
assault upon individual Christians, to try them on any plausible
pretext, and to shew them little quarter. If they could arrest the
ringleaders, especially people of rank or wealth, whether men or women,
in anything wrong or strongly suspicious, that they might apply
exemplary punishment, then the irritated majority might be satisfied,
and peace in the city restored.
In a recess at the corner of a busy street, leading towards the market
place, two men stood, waiting and watching for some particular person
to pass by. They were Demonicus and Timon, whose office or duty was
something like that of a modern detective.
Demonicus, clad in a brown _chiton_ or tunic reaching down to the
knees, was a powerfully built, dark man, with great bison-like
shoulders and thick neck, bristling eyebrows, and fierce, covetous
eyes. To him nothing was too perilous or too mean where there was
strife or the chance of gold. He was a wrestler and mighty swordsman,
he had often fought in the stadium or circus, and his fame had
travelled as far as Rome, to which he went at last, and greatly
distinguished himself for a time.
Timon, similarly clad, was only a man of ordinary strength; but he was
lithe, self-willed and shrewd, with a streak of courtesy and sympathy.
Camels, bullocks, horses, mules and wagons were passing by--a
picturesque train of noisy, dusty movement on an unpaved street--while
now and again a carriage or a litter appeared, whose occupants were
considered either arrogant, or effeminate.
"Her carriage must have passed," said Demonicus savagely.
"It cannot be," replied Timon civilly; "the lady, though unfettered by
custom, rarely takes her carriage; she usually passes on foot shortly
after the morning meal, and I came here to watch in ample time."
"We must arrest her to-day on some pretext or other," muttered
Demonicus. "I shall dog her steps everywhere, and if I cannot get a
good excuse I shall invent one. The bribe," added he with an impatient
gesture, "is too tempting for more delay."
Timon, though also grasping, was not heart and soul with Demonicus.
When on the watch alone he had had time to reflect, and his better
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1 BEADLE’S 1
DIME
[Illustration]
Song Book
No. 1.
A COLLECTION OF NEW AND POPULAR
COMIC AND SENTIMENTAL
SONGS.
[Illustration]
NEW YORK:
BEADLE AND COMPANY,
General Dime Book Publishers.
Books for the Hour!
MILITARY EXPLOITS
OF
Great Soldiers and Generals.
BEADLE’S
DIME BIOGRAPHICAL LIBRARY.
Each Issue Complete. 100 Pages. Price Ten Cents.
No. 6.--THE LIFE, MILITARY AND CIVIC SERVICES OF LIEUT.-GEN. WINFIELD
SCOTT. Complete up to the present period.
No. 4.--THE LIFE, TIMES AND SERVICES OF ANTHONY WAYNE (MAD ANTHONY):
Brigadier-General in the War of the Revolution, and Commander-in-Chief
of the Army during the Indian War.
No. 1.--THE LIFE OF JOSEPH GARIBALDI: The Liberator of Italy.
Complete up to the withdrawal of Garibaldi to his Island Home, after
the Neapolitan Campaign, 1860.
These brilliant books of the most brilliant Commanders and soldiers of
modern times possess remarkable interest at this moment. Each book
will be found to be a _full_ record of the men and events in
which they acted so splendid a part.
EVERY YOUNG MAN SHOULD READ THEM!
EVERY SOLDIER SHOULD READ THEM!
EVERY LOVER OF THE UNION SHOULD READ THEM!
For Sale at all News Depots.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866
BY IRWIN P. BEADLE & CO.,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for
the Southern district of New York.
CONTENTS OF DIME SONG BOOK NO. 1.
All’s for the Best, 31
Annie Laurie, 15
A National Song, 49
Answer to a Thousand a Year, 9
Answer to Kate Kearney, 20
A Thousand a Year, 8
Belle Brandon, 50
Ben Bolt, 25
Blind Orphan Boy’s Lament, 65
Bob Ridley, 19
Bold Privateer, 53
Do They miss Me at Home?, 35
Don’t be Angry, Mother, 32
Down the River, 17
E Pluribus Unum, 68
Evening Star, 62
Faded Flowers, 23
Gentle Annie, 5
Gentle Jenny Gray, 22
Glad to Get Home, 64
Hard Times, 24
Have You Seen my Sister?, 18
Heather Dale, 54
Home Again, 21
I Am not Angry, 33
I Want to Go Home, 52
Juney at the Gate, 26
Kate Kearney, 20
Kiss me Quick and Go, 14
Kitty Clyde, 11
My Home in Kentuck, 34
My Own Native Land, 37
Nelly Gray, 6
Nelly was a Lady, 16
Old Dog Tray, 58
Our Mary Ann, 61
Over the Mountain, 28
Poor Old Slave, 7
Red, White, and Blue, 59
Root, Hog, or Die, 38
Root, Hog, or Die, No. 2, 39
Root, Hog, or Die, No. 3, 40
Root, Hog, or Die. No. 4, 41
Row, Row, 29
Shells of the Ocean, 57
Song of the Sexton, 44
Star-Spangled Banner, 43
The Age of Progress, 63
The Dying Californian, 51
The Hills of New England, 70
The Lake-Side Shore, 66
The Miller of the Dee, 30
The Marseilles Hymn, 55
The Old Folks we Loved Long Ago, 71
The Old Farm-House, 47
The Old Play-Ground, 10
The Rock of Liberty, 60
The Sword of Bunker Hill, 48
The Tempest, 67
There’s a Good Time Coming, 69
Twenty Years
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Transcriber's Note: Page numbers, ie: {20}, are included in this
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with page numbers open or download the Latin-1 file 58585-8.txt.
THE PROPHET
By Kahlil Gibran
New York: Alfred A. Knopf
1923
_The Twelve Illustrations In This Volume
Are Reproduced From Original Drawings By
The Author_
“His power came from some great reservoir
of spiritual life else it could not have
been so universal and so potent, but the
majesty and beauty of the language with
which he clothed it were all his own?”
--Claude Bragdon
THE BOOKS OF KAHLIL GIBRAN
The Madman. 1918 Twenty Drawings. 1919
The Forerunner. 1920 The Prophet. 1923
Sand and Foam. 1926 Jesus the Son of
Man. 1928 The Forth Gods. 1931 The
Wanderer. 1932 The Garden of the Prophet
1933 Prose Poems. 1934 Nymphs of the
Valley. 1948
CONTENTS
The Coming of the Ship.......7
On Love.....................15
On Marriage.................19
On Children.................21
On Giving...................23
On Eating and Drinking......27
On Work.....................31
On Joy and Sorrow...........33
On Houses...................37
On Clothes..................41
On Buying and Selling.......43
On Crime and Punishment.....45
On Laws.....................51
On Freedom..................55
On Reason and Passion.......57
On Pain.....................60
On Self-Knowledge...........62
On Teaching.................64
On Friendship...............66
On Talking..................68
On Time.....................70
On Good and Evil............72
On Prayer...................76
On Pleasure.................79
On Beauty...................83
On Religion.................87
On Death....................90
The Farewell................92
THE PROPHET
|Almustafa, the{7} chosen and the
beloved, who was a dawn unto his own
day, had waited twelve years in the city
of Orphalese for his ship that was to
return and bear him back to the isle of
his birth.
And in the twelfth year, on the seventh
day of Ielool, the month of reaping, he
climbed the hill without the city walls
and looked seaward; and he beheld his
ship coming with the mist.
Then the gates of his heart were flung
open, and his joy flew far over the sea.
And he closed his eyes and prayed in the
silences of his soul.
*****
But as he descended the hill, a sadness
came upon him, and he thought in his
heart:
How shall I go in peace and without
sorrow? Nay, not without a wound in the
spirit shall I leave this city. {8}Long
were the days of pain I have spent
within its walls, and long were the
nights of aloneness; and who can depart
from his pain and his aloneness without
regret?
Too many fragments of the spirit have I
scattered in these streets, and too many
are the children of my longing that walk
naked among these hills, and I cannot
withdraw from them without a burden and
an ache.
It is not a garment I cast off this
day, but a skin that I tear with my own
hands.
Nor is it a thought I leave behind me,
but a heart made sweet with hunger and
with thirst.
*****
Yet I cannot tarry longer.
The sea that calls all things unto her
calls me, and I must embark.
For to stay, though the hours burn in
the night, is to freeze and crystallize
and be bound in a mould.
Fain would I take with me all that is
here. But how shall I?
A voice cannot carry the tongue and
{9}the lips that gave it wings. Alone
must it seek the ether.
And alone and without his nest shall the
eagle fly across the sun.
*****
Now when he reached the foot of the
hill, he turned again towards the sea,
and he saw his ship approaching the
harbour, and upon her prow the mariners,
the men of his own land.
And his soul cried out to them, and he
said:
Sons of my ancient mother, you riders of
the tides,
How often have you sailed in my dreams
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MILDRED ARKELL.
A Novel.
BY MRS. HENRY WOOD,
AUTHOR OF "EAST LYNNE," "LORD OAKBURN'S DAUGHTERS," "TREVLYN HOLD," ETC.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
TINSLEY BROTHERS, CATHERINE STREET, STRAND
1865.
_All rights of Translation and Reproduction are reserved._
CONTENTS.
CHAP. PAGE
I. WHICH IS NOTHING BUT AN INTRODUCTION 1
II. THE MISS HUGHES'S HOME 21
III. THE ADVENT OF CHARLOTTE TRAVICE 34
IV. ROBERT CARR'S REQUEST 50
V. THE FLIGHT 68
VI. A MISERABLE MISTAKE 87
VII. A HEART SEARED 107
VIII. BETSEY TRAVICE 124
IX. DISPLEASING EYES 147
X. GOING OUT AS LADY'S MAID 160
XI. MR. CARR'S OFFER 179
XII. MARRIAGES IN UNFASHIONABLE LIFE 194
XIII. GOING ON FOR LORD MAYOR 213
XIV. OLD YEARS BACK AGAIN 228
XV. THE DEAN'S DAUGHTER 249
XVI. A CITY'S DESOL
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal
signs=.
[Illustration: "'STOP!'"]
THE
KIDNAPPED PRESIDENT
BY
GUY BOOTHBY
AUTHOR OF
'DR. NIKOLA,' 'A BID FOR FORTUNE,' 'THE BEAUTIFUL WHITE DEVIL,'
ETC.
ILLUSTRATIONS BY STANLEY L. WOOD
_LONDON_
WARD, LOCK & CO., LIMITED
NEW YORK AND MELBOURNE
1902
'THE KIDNAPPED PRESIDENT'
CHAPTER I
I suppose to every man, at some period in his life, there comes some
adventure upon which, in after life, he is destined to look back with
a feeling that is very near akin to astonishment. Somebody has said
that adventures are to the adventurous. In my case I must confess that
I do not see how the remark applies. I was certainly fourteen years at
sea, but in all that time, beyond having once fallen overboard in
Table Bay, and, of course, the great business of which it is the
purpose of this book to tell you, I cannot remember any circumstance
that I could dignify with the title of an adventure. The sailor's
calling in these times of giant steam
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POEMS FROM EASTERN SOURCES:
THE STEADFAST PRINCE;
AND OTHER POEMS.
BY
RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH.
LONDON:
EDWARD MOXON, DOVER STREET.
MDCCCXLII.
LONDON:
BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.
CONTENTS.
POEMS FROM EASTERN SOURCES.
PAGE
ALEXANDER AT THE GATES OF PARADISE.—A LEGEND
FROM THE TALMUD 3
CHIDHER’S WELL 11
THE BANISHED KINGS 14
THE BALLADS OF HAROUN AL RASCHID:
I.—THE SPILT PEARLS 20
II.—THE BARMECIDES 24
III.—THE FESTIVAL 35
THE EASTERN NARCISSUS 41
THE SEASONS:
I.—WINTER 43
II.—SPRING 46
III.—SUMMER 49
IV.—AUTUMN 52
MOSES AND JETHRO 55
PROVERBS, TURKISH AND PERSIAN 60
“THE GOOD THAT ONE MAN FLINGS ASIDE” 64
LOVE 67
THE FALCON 69
LIFE THROUGH DEATH:
I.—“A PAGAN KING TORMENTED FIERCELY ALL” 71
II.—“A DEW-DROP FALLING ON THE WILD SEA
WAVE” 73
III.—“THE SEED MUST DIE, BEFORE THE CORN
APPEARS” 74
THE WORLD 75
THE MONK AND SINNER 78
“WHAT, THOU ASKEST, IS THE HEAVEN, AND THE
ROUND EARTH AND THE SEA” 81
THE SUPPLIANT 84
THE PANTHEIST; OR, THE ORIGIN OF EVIL 87
GHAZEL 90
THE RIGHTEOUS OF THE WORLD 91
MAXIMS 94
THE FALCON’S REWARD 96
THE CONVERSION OF ABRAHAM 101
SONNET 103
THE DEAD DOG 104
“FAIR VESSEL HAST THOU SEEN WITH HONEY FILLED” 106
FRAGMENTS:
I.—THE CERTAINTY OF FAITH 108
II.—MAN’S TWOFOLD NATURE 109
III.—SCIENCE AND LOVE 110
IV.—“THE BUSINESS OF THE WORLD IS CHILD’S
PLAY MERE” 111
V.—“SAGE, THAT WOULD’ST MAKER OF THINE OWN
GOD BE” 112
VI.—“MAN, THE CAGED BIRD THAT OWNED AN
HIGHER NEST” 113
NOTES TO THE POEMS FROM EASTERN SOURCES 115
THE STEADFAST PRINCE:
PART I. 125
PART II. 152
ORPHEUS AND THE SIRENS 173
ST. CHRYSOSTOM 184
THE OIL OF MERCY 185
THE TREE OF LIFE.—FROM THE GERMAN OF RÜCKERT 192
THE TREE OF LIFE.—FROM AN OLD LATIN POEM 195
PARADISE.—FROM THE GERMAN OF RÜCKERT 199
THE LOREY LEY.—FROM THE GERMAN OF HEINE 203
“OH THOU OF DARK FOREBODINGS DREAR” 205
THE PRODIGAL 206
THE CORREGAN.—A BALLAD OF BRITTANY 208
SONNET 214
SONNET 215
SONNET 216
THE ETRURIAN KING 217
THE FAMINE 219
THE PRIZE OF SONG 231
NOTES 235
ERRATA.
Page 39, line 9, for _one_ read _our_.
— 191, — 11, dele comma.
— 215, — 2, for _light_ read _slight_.
POEMS
FROM
EASTERN SOURCES.
NOTE.
The following Poems bear somewhat a vague title, because
such only would describe the nature of Poems which have been
derived in very different degrees from the sources thus indicated.
Some are mere translations; others have been modelled anew,
and only such portions used of the originals as were adapted
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[Transcriber's Note: Bold text is surrounded by =equal signs= and
italic text is surrounded by _underscores_.]
THE PIONEER BOYS OF THE MISSOURI
[Illustration]
OR: IN THE COUNTRY OF THE SIOUX
THE YOUNG PIONEER SERIES
BY HARRISON ADAMS
ILLUSTRATED
[Illustration]
THE PIONEER BOYS OF THE OHIO,
Or: Clearing the Wilderness $1.25
THE PIONEER BOYS ON THE GREAT LAKES,
Or: On the Trail of the Iroquois 1.25
THE PIONEER BOYS OF THE MISSISSIPPI,
Or: The Homestead in the Wilderness 1.25
THE PIONEER BOYS OF THE MISSOURI,
Or: In the Country of the Sioux 1.25
_Other Volumes in Preparation_
[Illustration]
THE PAGE COMPANY
53 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
[Illustration: "A SQUAW DARTED FORWARD,... AND, SEIZING HOLD OF
ROGER, LOOKED EAGERLY IN HIS FACE."
_See page 335._]
The Young Pioneer Series
THE PIONEER BOYS OF THE MISSOURI OR: IN THE COUNTRY OF THE SIOUX
By HARRISON ADAMS
Author of "The Pioneer Boys of the Ohio," "The Pioneer Boys
on the Great Lakes," "The Pioneer Boys of the
Mississippi," etc.
[Illustration]
Illustrated by
WALTER S. ROGERS
THE PAGE COMPANY
BOSTON [Illustration] MDCCCCXIV
[Illustration]
_Copyright, 1914, by_
THE PAGE COMPANY
_All rights reserved_
First Impression, April, 1914
THE COLONIAL PRESS
C. H. SIMONDS CO.
BOSTON, U. S. A.
PREFACE
MY DEAR BOYS:--It is with great pleasure that I have responded to my
publisher's appeal for a new volume in connection with boy pioneer life
during those early days in the history of our country when brave men,
and women also, kept pushing the frontier line constantly westward,
toward the setting sun.
Since Bob and Sandy Armstrong came to the end of their migrations when
they settled on the land purchased by old David, near the junction of
the Missouri River with the mighty Mississippi, it is obvious that
little that is new could be written concerning those old friends of
ours.
But as it happened that they founded families of their own, and each
had a son who was said to be a "chip of the old block," the story of
young pioneer achievements can best be continued by transferring our
allegiance to these two sturdy lads, Dick and Roger, whom, I feel sure,
you will like fully as well as you did their fathers.
Just at the time when they had become strapping lads, ready to place
full confidence in their ability to take care of themselves, it
chanced that a wonderful opportunity came to them, whereby they were
enabled to traverse the course of the great Missouri River from its
mouth to its far-away source among the Rocky Mountains.
What this opportunity was like, and what astonishing things they met
with on the long and dangerous journey, I have endeavored to describe
and set down between the covers of this present book. I trust that you
will enjoy reading it fully as well as you did the preceding volumes;
and that at some date in the near future we may meet again in the pages
of still another story of boy pioneer life.
HARRISON ADAMS.
_April 15th, 1914._
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
PREFACE v
I. TWO BOYS IN A DUGOUT CANOE 1
II. THE HOLLOW TREE REFUGE 15
III. A SHADOW OVER THE HOMESTEAD 27
IV. THE CABIN OF BOB ARMSTRONG 38
V. A GRAND PALAVER 48
VI. BAD NEWS 58
VII. OFF ON THE GREAT JOURNEY 68
VIII. THE TRACK OF THE MARKED HOOF 76
IX. ALONG THE BANK OF THE MISSOURI 86
X. THE TWANG OF A BOWSTRING 98
XI. "ALL, OR NONE!" 110
XII. THE
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THE ESSENTIALS OF SPIRITUALITY
by Felix Adler
The Essentials of Spirituality
The first essential is an awakening, a sense of the absence of
spirituality, the realized need of giving to our lives a new and
higher quality; first there must be the hunger before there can be
the satisfaction.
Similar effects are often produced by widely differing processes. In
the psychical world that quality which we call spirituality may be
associated with and evoked by Theism, or the belief in a Divine
Father; by Pantheism, as in the case of Spinoza, whose face at the
very first glance impresses you with its spiritual cast; or even by
the Buddhist belief in Nirvana. It may also be attained by following
the precepts and striving after the ideals of Ethical Culture. For
spirituality is not indissolubly associated with any one type of
religion or philosophy; it is a quality of soul manifesting itself in a
variety of activities and beliefs.
Before we proceed further, however, we must hazard a definition
of the word. In the region of mental activity which is called the
spiritual life vagueness is apt to prevail, the outlines of thought are
apt to be blurred, the feelings aroused are apt to be indistinct and
transitory. The word'spiritual' becomes a synonym of muddy
thought and misty emotionalism. If there were another word in the
language to take its place, it would be well to use it. But there is
not. We must use the word'spiritual,' despite its associations and
its abuse. We shall endeavor, however, to attach a distinct and
definite meaning to the word. Mere definition, however, is too
abstract and nakedly intellectual. Perhaps a description of some
types of character, combined with definition, will be the better
way.
Savonarola is surely one of the commanding figures in history. His
fiery earnestness, his passion for righteousness, the boldness with
which he censured the corruptions of the Roman Court, the
personal qualities by which he--a foreigner and a mere monk--made
himself for a short period the lawgiver, the prophet, and virtually
the dictator of Florence--that Florence which was at the time the
very gemmary of the Renaissance--his sudden fall and tragic death;
all combine to attract toward him our admiration, pity, and love,
and to leave upon our minds the impression of his extraordinary
moral genius. And yet, though a spiritual side was not wanting in
Savonarola, we should not quote him as an outstanding exemplar
of spirituality. The spiritual life is unperturbed and serene. His
nature was too passionate, he was too vehement in his philippics,
too deeply engrossed in the attainment of immediate results,
too stormy a soul to deserve the name of spiritual.
Again, our own Washington is one of the commanding figures in
history. He achieved the great task which he set himself; he
secured the political independence of America. He became the
master builder of a nation; he laid securely the foundations on
which succeeding generations have built. He was calm, too, with
rare exceptions; an expert in self-control. But there was mingled
with his calmness a certain coldness. He was lofty and pure, but
we should hardly go to him for instruction in the interior secrets of
the spiritual life. His achievements were in another field. His claim
to our gratitude rests on other grounds. The spiritual life is calm,
but serenely calm; irradiated by a fervor and a depth of feeling that
were to some extent lacking in our first president. Lincoln,
perhaps, came nearer to possessing them.
Again, we have such types of men as John Howard, the prison
reformer, and George Peabody, who devoted his great fortune to
bettering the housing of the poor and to multiplying and improving
schools. These men--especially the latter--were practical and sane,
and were prompted in their endeavors by an active and tender
benevolence. Yet we should scarcely think of them as conspicuous
examples of the spiritual quality in human life and conduct.
Benevolence, be it never so tender and practical, does not reach
the high mark of spirituality. Spirituality is more than benevolence
in the ordinary sense of the term. The spiritual man is benevolent
to a signal degree, but his benevolence is of a peculiar kind. It is
characterized by a certain serene fervor which we may almost call
saintliness.
But perhaps some one may object that a standard by which
personalities like Savonarola, Washington, Howard and Peabody
fall short is probably set too high, and that in any case the erection
of such a standard cannot be very helpful to the common run of
human beings. Where these heroic natures fall short, can you and I
hope to attain? To such an objection the reply is that we cannot be
too fastidious or exacting in respect to our standard, however poor
our performance may
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Produced by David Widger
AT SUNWICH PORT
BY
W. W. JACOBS
Drawings by Will Owen
Contents
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIV
CHAPTER XV
CHAPTER XVI
CHAPTER XVII
CHAPTER XVIII
CHAPTER XIX
CHAPTER XX
CHAPTER XXI
CHAPTER XXII
CHAPTER XXIII
CHAPTER XXIV
CHAPTER XXV
List of Illustrations
"His Perturbation Attracted the Attention of His Hostess."
"A Welcome Subject of Conversation in Marine Circles."
"The Suspense Became Painful."
"Captain Hardy Lit his Pipe Before Replying."
"Mr. Wilks Watched It from the Quay."
"Master Hardy on the Beach Enacting The Part of David."
"Mr. Wilks Replied That he Was Biding his Time."
"A Particularly Hard Nut to Crack."
"A Stool in the Local Bank."
"A Diversion Was Created by the Entrance of a New Arrival."
"He Stepped Across the Road to his Emporium."
"'Most Comfortable Shoulder in Sunwich,' She Murmured."
"The Most Astounding and Gratifying Instance of The Wonders Effected by Time Was That of Miss Nugent."
"Mr. Swann With Growing Astonishment Slowly Mastered The Contents."
"Fullalove Alley."
"She Caught Sight of Hardy."
"Undiluted Wisdom and Advice Flowed from his Lips."
"'What Do You Want?' Inquired Miss Kybird."
"He Regarded the Wife of his Bosom With a Calculating Glance."
"He Even Obtained Work Down at the Harbor."
"Miss Kybird Standing in the Doorway of The Shop."
"Me Or 'im--which is It to Be?"
"I Wonder What the Governor'll Say."
"A Spirit of Quiet Despair."
"A Return Visit."
"He Set off Towards the Life and Bustle of The Two Schooners."
"For the Second Time he Left The Court Without a Stain On His Character."
"The Proprietor Eyed Him With Furtive Glee As he Passed."
"Miss Nugent's Consternation Was Difficult Of Concealment."
"He Found his Remaining Guest Holding His Aching Head Beneath the Tap."
"Mr. Nathan Smith."
"It Was Not Until he Had Consumed a Pint Or Two of The Strongest Brew That he Began to Regain Some of his Old Self-esteem."
"The Man on the Other Side Fell On All Fours Into The Room."
"He Pushed Open the Small Lattice Window and Peered Out Into the Alley."
"Tapping the Steward on The Chest With a Confidential Finger, he Backed Him Into a Corner."
"He Finished up the Evening at The Chequers."
"The Meagre Figure of Mrs. Silk."
"In Search of Mr. Smith."
"I 'ave Heard of 'em Exploding."
"He Stepped to the Side and Looked Over."
"You Keep On, Nugent, Don't You Mind 'im."
"Hadn't You Better See About Making Yourself Presentable, Hardy?"
"It Was Not Without a Certain Amount of Satisfaction That He Regarded Her Discomfiture."
"Mr. Hardy Resigned Himself to his Fate."
"The Carefully Groomed and Fastidious Murchison."
"'Why Do You Wish to Be on Friendly Terms?' She Asked."
"He Said That a Bit O' Wedding-cake 'ad Blowed in His Eye."
"Mr. Wilks Drank to the Health of Both Of Them."
"A Popular Hero."
"He Met These Annoyances With a Set Face."
"'Can't You Let Her See That Her Attentions Are Undesirable?'"
"He Took a Glass from the Counter and Smashed It on The Floor."
"The Great Thing Was to Get Teddy Silk Home."
"Captain Nugent."
"Sniffing at Their Contents."
"'Puppy!' Said the Invalid."
"Bella, in a State of Fearsome Glee, Came Down the Garden To Tell the Captain of his Visitor."
"'Get out of My House,' he Roared.
"I Do Hope he Has Not Come to Take You Away from Me."
"Are You Goin' to Send Cap'n Nugent an Invite for The Wedding?"
"Are There Any Other of My Patients You Are Anxious To Hear About?"
"He Wondered, Gloomily, What She Would Think when She Heard of It."
"'Some People 'ave All the Luck,' he Muttered."
"If You've Got Anything to Say, Why Don't You Say It Like A Man?"
"Mrs. Kybird Suddenly Seized Him by the Coat."
"Mr. Kybird and his Old Friend Parted."
"He Took up his Candle and Went off Whistling."
"He Could Just Make out a Dim Figure Behind the Counter."
"'But Suppose She Asks Me To?' Said the Delighted Mr. Nugent, With Much Gravity."
"'You're a Deceiver,' She Gasped."
"'It Was Teddy Done It,' Said Mr. Kybird, Humbly
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THE LAST STROKE
_A DETECTIVE STORY_
BY LAWRENCE L. LYNCH
(E. MURDOCH VAN DEVENTER)
_Author of_ "_No Proof_," "_Moina_," _&c., &c._
LONDON:
WARD, LOCK & CO., LIMITED,
WARWICK HOUSE, SALISBURY SQUARE, E.C.
NEW YORK AND MELBOURNE.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER I.
SOMETHING WRONG 1
CHAPTER II.
FOUND 12
CHAPTER III.
NEMESIS 28
CHAPTER IV.
FERRARS 39
CHAPTER V.
IN CONSULTATION 52
CHAPTER VI.
"WHICH?" 64
CHAPTER VII.
RENUNCIATION 75
CHAPTER VIII.
TRICKERY 90
CHAPTER IX.
A LETTER 101
CHAPTER X.
THIS HELPS ME 117
CHAPTER XI.
DETAILS 127
CHAPTER XII.
"FERRISS-GRANT" 135
CHAPTER XIII.
THE "LAKE COUNTY HERALD" 148
CHAPTER XIV.
A GHOST 157
CHAPTER XV.
REBELLION 175
CHAPTER XVI.
"OUT OF REACH" 185
CHAPTER XVII.
RUTH GLIDDEN 196
CHAPTER XVIII.
SUDDEN FLITTINGS 208
CHAPTER XIX.
THROUGH THE MAIL 221
CHAPTER XX.
A WOMAN'S HEART 237
CHAPTER XXI.
"QUARRELSOME HARRY" 250
CHAPTER XXII.
IN NUMBER NINE 269
CHAPTER XXIII.
TWO INTERVIEWS 279
CHAPTER XXIV.
MRS. GASTON LATHAM 292
CHAPTER XXV.
THE LAST STROKE 301
THE LAST STROKE.
CHAPTER I.
SOMETHING WRONG.
It was a May morning in Glenville. Pretty, picturesque Glenville, low
lying by the lake shore, with the waters of the lake surging to meet it,
or coyly receding from it, on the one side, and the green-clad hills
rising gradually and gently on the other, ending in a belt of trees at
the very horizon's edge.
There is little movement in the quiet streets of the town at half-past
eight o'clock in the morning, save for the youngsters who, walking,
running, leaping, sauntering or waiting idly, one for another, are, or
should be, on their way to the school-house which stands upon the very
southernmost outskirts of the town, and a little way up the hilly
<DW72>, at a reasonably safe remove from the willow-fringed lake shore.
The Glenville school-house was one of the earliest public buildings
erected in the village, and it had been "located" in what was
confidently expected to be the centre of the place. But the new and
late-coming impetus, which had changed the hamlet of half a hundred
dwellings to one of twenty times that number, and made of it a quiet and
not too fashionable little summer resort, had carried the business of
the place northward, and its residences still farther north, thus
leaving this seat of learning aloof from, and quite above the newer
town, in isolated and lofty dignity, surrounded by trees; in the
outskirts, in fact, of a second belt of wood, which girdled the lake
shore, even as the further and loftier fringe of timber outlined the
hilltops at the edge of the eastern horizon and far away.
"Les call 'er the 'cademy?" suggested Elias Robbins, one of the builders
of the school-house, and an early settler of Glenville. "What's to
hinder?"
"Nothin'," declared John Rote, the village oracle. "'Twill sound
first-rate."
They were standing outside the building, just completed and resplendent
in two coats of yellow paint, and they were just from the labour of
putting in, "hangin'" the new bell.
All of masculine Glenville was present, and the other sex was not
without representation.
"Suits me down ter the ground!" commented a third citizen; and no doubt
it would have suited the majority, but when Parson Ryder was consulted,
he smiled genially and shook his head.
"It won't do, I'm afraid, Elias," he said. "We're only a village as yet,
you see, and we can't even dub it the High School, except from a
geographical point of view. However, we
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THE LOST AMBASSADOR
OR,
THE SEARCH FOR THE MISSING DELORA
BY
E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM
AUTHOR OF "THE ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE," "THE MISSIONER,"
"JEANNE OF THE MARSHES," ETC.
With Illustrations in Color by
HOWARD CHANDLER CHRISTY
BOSTON LITTLE,
BROWN, AND COMPANY
1910
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. A RENCONTRE
II. A CAFE IN PARIS
III. DELORA
IV. DANGEROUS PLAY
V. SATISFACTION
VI. AN INFORMAL TRIBUNAL
VII. A DOUBLE ASSIGNATION
VIII. LOUIS INSISTS
IX. A TRAVELLING ACQUAINTANCE
X. DELORA DISAPPEARS
XI. THROUGH THE TELEPHONE
XII. FELICIA DELORA
XIII. LOUIS, MAITRE D'HOTEL
XIV. LOUIS EXPLAINS
XV. A DANGEROUS IMPERSONATION
XVI. TWO OF A TRADE
XVII. A VERY SPECIAL DINNER
XVIII. CONTRASTS
XIX. WHEELS WITHIN WHEELS
XX. A TERRIBLE NIGHT
XXI. A CHANGE OF PLANS
XXII. FORMAL CALL
XXIII. FELICIA
XXIV. A TANTALIZING GLIMPSE
XXV. PRIVATE AND DIPLOMATIC
XXVI. NE
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PUNCH, OR THE LONDON CHARIVARI.
Volume 148, January 13th, 1915
_edited by Owen Seamen_
CHARIVARIA.
"The enemy is not yet subdued," announced the KAISER in his New Year's
address to his troops. It is gratifying to have this rumour confirmed
from a source so unimpeachable.
* * *
Prince BUELOW is finding himself _de trop_ at Rome. "Man wants but
little here, BUELOW," he is being told.
* * *
"Stick it!" it may be remembered, was General VON KLUCK'S Christmas
message as published in a German newspaper. The journal in question is
evidently read in Constantinople, for the Turks are now stated to have
sent several thousand sacks of cement to the Egyptian frontier with
which to fill up the Suez Canal.
* * *
After all, it is pointed out, there is not very much difference
between the reigning Sultan of TURKEY and his predecessor. The one is
The Damned, and the other The Doomed.
* * *
With reference to the "free fight" between Austrians and Germans in
the concentration camp at Pietermaritzburg, which Reuter reported the
other day, we now hear that the fight was not entirely free. Several
of the combatants, it seems, were afterwards fined.
* * *
The latest English outrage, according to Berlin, was done upon the
German officer who attempted to escape in a packing-case. It is said
that he has been put back in his case, which has been carefully
soldered up, and then as carefully mislaid.
* * *
Another typical German lie is published by the _Frankfurter Zeitung_.
Describing the FIRST LORD this sheet says:--"Well built, he struts
about elegantly dressed...." Those who remember our WINSTON'S little
porkpie hat will resent this charge.
* * *
An awfully annoying thing has happened to the _Vossische Zeitung_. Our
enterprising little contemporary asked three Danish professors to
state in what way they were indebted to German science, and they all
gave wrong answers. They said they were also indebted to English
science.
* * *
"HOUNDS IN A WORKHOUSE."
_Daily Mail._
It was, of course, inevitable that the hunts should suffer through the
war.
* * *
_The Evening Standard_ has been making enquiries as to the effect of
the War on the membership of the various Clubs. The report from the
Athenaeum was "The War has not affected the club at all." Can it be
that the dear old fellows have not heard of it yet?
* * *
"Business as usual" is evidently Paraguay's motto. They are having one
of their revolutions there in spite of the War.
* * *
The Tate Gallery authorities have now placed the pictures they value
most in the cellars of that institution, and the expression on the
face of any artist who finds his work still on the wall is in itself a
picture.
* * * * *
[Illustration: GALLANT ATTEMPT BY A MEMBER OF THE BRITISH
EXPEDITIONARY FORCE TO DO JUSTICE TO ALL HIS NEW YEAR'S GIFTS.]
* * * * *
Famous Lines.
"After plying regularly for nearly twenty-five years between
Vancouver, Victoria and the Orient, the last few months of
excitement must have brought back to the memory of her old
timbers--if they happen to be sentient, as Kipling would almost
have one believe--the famous line, 'One crowded hour of glorious
life is worth a cycle of Cathay.'"
_News-Advertiser_ (_Vancouver, B.C._)
* * *
"P. B.--It is a pleasure to read your stirring lines entitled 'To
Berlin'; they possess the twin merits of being vigorous and
timely. We should make an alteration in title, calling them simply
'To Berlin.'"
_Great Thoughts._
No, don't thank us. Our advice is always at the disposal of young
writers.
* * * * *
ENGLISH LINES FOR ENEMY CALENDARS.
For the _KAISER_--
"_La Belle France sans merci_
Hath thee in thrall."
For the _Emperor of AUSTRIA_, after the rout in Serbia--
"'But what good came of it at last?'
Quoth little PETER, king."
For the _Commander of the Western Campaign_--
"Of all the towns
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THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY.
Contributions To The Edinburgh Review
By Thomas Babington Macaulay
VOLUME II.
CONTENTS.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.
John Dryden. (January 1828.)
History. (May 1828.)
Mill on Government. (March 1829.)
Westminster Reviewer's Defence of Mill. (June 1829.)
Utilitarian Theory of Government. (October 1829.)
Sadler's Law of Population. (July 1830.)
Sadler's Refutation Refuted. (January 1831.)
Mirabeau. (July 1832.)
Barere. (April 1844.)
MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS OF LORD MACAULAY.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.
JOHN DRYDEN. (January 1828.)
"The Poetical Works of John Dryden". In 2 volumes.
University Edition. London, 1826.
The public voice has assigned to Dryden the first place in the
second rank of our poets,--no mean station in a table of intellectual
precedency so rich in illustrious names. It is allowed that, even of
the few who were his superiors in genius, none has exercised a more
extensive or permanent influence on the national habits of thought and
expression. His life was commensurate with the period during which
a great revolution in the public taste was effected; and in that
revolution he played the part of Cromwell. By unscrupulously taking the
lead in its wildest excesses, he obtained the absolute guidance of it.
By trampling on laws, he acquired the authority of a legislator. By
signalising himself as the most daring and irreverent of rebels, he
raised himself to the dignity of a recognised prince. He commenced his
career by the most frantic outrages. He terminated it in the repose of
established sovereignty,--the author of a new code, the root of a new
dynasty.
Of Dryden, however, as of almost every man who has been distinguished
either in the literary or in the political world, it may be said that
the course which he pursued, and the effect which he produced, depended
less on his personal qualities than on the circumstances in which he was
placed. Those who have read history with discrimination know the fallacy
of those panegyrics and invectives which represent individuals
as effecting great moral and intellectual revolutions, subverting
established systems, and imprinting a new character on their age. The
difference between one man and another is by no means so great as the
superstitious crowd supposes. But the same feelings which in ancient
Rome produced the apotheosis of a popular emperor, and in modern Rome
the canonisation of a devout prelate, lead men to cherish an illusion
which furnishes them with something to adore. By a law of association,
from the operation of which even minds the most strictly regulated
by reason are not wholly exempt, misery disposes us to hatred, and
happiness to love, although there may be no person to whom our misery
or our happiness can be ascribed. The peevishness of an invalid vents
itself even on those who alleviate his pain. The good humour of a man
elated by success often displays itself towards enemies. In the
same manner, the feelings of pleasure and admiration, to which the
contemplation of great events gives birth, make an object where they
do not find it. Thus, nations descend to the absurdities of Egyptian
idolatry, and worship stocks and reptiles--Sacheverells and Wilkeses.
They even fall prostrate before a deity to which they have themselves
given the form which commands their veneration, and which, unless
fashioned by them, would have remained a shapeless block. They persuade
themselves that they are the creatures of what they have themselves
created. For, in fact, it is the age that forms the man, not the man
that forms the age. Great minds do indeed re-act on the society which
has made them what they are; but they only pay with interest what they
have received. We extol Bacon, and sneer at Aquinas. But, if their
situations had been changed, Bacon might have been the Angelical Doctor,
the most subtle Aristotelian of the schools; the Dominican might have
led forth the sciences from their house of bondage. If Luther had been
born in the tenth century, he would have effected no reformation. If
he had never been born at all, it is evident that the
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[Transcriber’s Note:
This e-text includes a few characters that will only display in UTF-8
(Unicode) text readers, including
ȝ (yogh)
œ (oe ligature)
There are also a few lines of Greek, and some rarer characters:
ſ (long s, used in one short selection)
ł (l with bar, also used only in one selection)
m̅ (m with overline, used only in the Boke of Nurture)
If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the quotation
marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s
“character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may
also need to change the default font. As a last resort, use the Latin-1
version of the file instead.
This very long book has been separated into independent units, set off
by triple rows of asterisks:
[1] Early English Text Society (information and list of titles)
[2] Introductory pages with full table of contents
[3] General Preface (“Forewords”)
[4] Preface to Russell, _Boke of Nurture_
[5] Collations and Corrigenda
(see beginning of “Corrigenda” for details of corrections)
[6] John Russell’s _Boke of Nurture_ with detailed table of contents
[7] Notes to _Boke of Nurture_
(longer linenotes, printed as a separate section in original text)
[8] Lawrens Andrewe on Fish
[9] “Illustrative Extracts” (titles listed in Table of Contents)
and Recipes
[10] _Boke of Keruynge_ and _Boke of Curtasye_, with Notes
[11] _Booke of Demeanor_ and following shorter selections
[12] _The Babees Book_ and following shorter selections
[13] Parallel texts of _The Little Children’s Boke_
and _Stans Puer ad Mensam_
[14] General Index (excluding Postscript)
[15] Postscript “added after the Index had been printed”
[16] Collected Sidenotes (section added by transcriber: editor’s
sidenotes can be read as a condensed version of full text)
Each segment has its own footnotes and errata lists. Readers may choose
to divide them into separate files. The following notes on text format
apply to all texts and will not be repeated in full.
_Italics and other text markings:_
Italicized letters within words, representing expanded abbreviations,
are shown in the e-text with braces (“curly brackets”): co{n}nyng{e}.
Readers who find this added information distracting may globally delete
all braces; they are not used for any other purpose. Whole-word italics
are shown in the usual way with _lines_. Superscripts are shown with ^,
and boldface or blackletter type with +marks+.
_Page Layout:_
In the original book, each text page contained several types of
secondary material printed in all four margins. The HTML version of
this e-text offers a closer approximation of the original appearance.
_Headnotes_ appeared at the top of alternate pages, like subsidiary
chapter headings. In longer selections they have been retained and
moved to the beginning of the most appropriate paragraph; some are
also grouped at the beginning of a selection to act as a detailed
table of contents.
_Footnotes_ were numbered separately for each page. In this e-text,
general footnotes are numbered sequentially and grouped at the end of
the selection. In some selections, text notes (glosses or variant
readings) are marked with capital letters [A] and are kept in small
groups near each passage. Footnotes in the form [[10a]] are additional
notes from the editor’s Corrigenda. Footnotes with symbols [10*] are
_footnotes to footnotes_.
_Sidenotes_ were generally added by the editor to give translations
or summaries. In this e-text, they are always collected into full
sentences. In some verse selections, sidenotes appear immediately
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will be identified either by line number or by lower-case letters [a]
showing their original location.
Sidenotes in the form [Fol. 10b] or [Page 27] are shown inline, within
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* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *
Early English Text Society.
Original Series, 32.
Early English Meals and Manners:
John Russell’s Boke of
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TWO POETS
(Lost Illusions Part I)
By Honore De Balzac
Translated By Ellen Marriage
PREPARER'S NOTE
Two Poets is part one of a trilogy and begins the story of
Lucien, his sister Eve, and his friend David in the provincial
town of Angouleme. Part two, A Distinguished Provincial at
Paris is centered on Lucien's Parisian life. Part three, Eve
and David, reverts to the setting of Angouleme. In many
references parts one and three are combined under the title
Lost Illusions and A Distinguished Provincial at Paris is given
its individual title. Following this trilogy Lucien's story
is continued in another book, Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.
DEDICATION
To Monsieur Victor Hugo,
It was your birthright to be, like a Rafael or a Pitt, a great
poet at an age when other men are children; it was your fate, the
fate of Chateaubriand and of every man of genius, to struggle
against jealousy skulking behind the columns of a newspaper, or
crouching in the subterranean places of journalism. For this
reason I desired that your victorious name should help to win a
victory for this work that I inscribe to you, a work which, if
some persons are to be believed, is an act of courage as well as a
veracious history. If there had been journalists in the time of
Moliere, who can doubt but that they, like marquises, financiers,
doctors, and lawyers, would have been within the province of the
writer of plays? And why should Comedy, _qui castigat ridendo
mores_, make an exception in favor of one power, when the Parisian
press spares none? I am happy, monsieur, in this opportunity of
subscribing myself your sincere admirer and friend,
DE BALZAC.
TWO POETS
At the time when this story opens, the Stanhope press and the
ink-distributing roller were not as yet in general use in small
provincial printing establishments. Even at Angouleme, so closely
connected through its paper-mills with the art of typography in Paris,
the only machinery in use was the primitive wooden invention to which
the language owes a figure of speech--"the press groans" was no mere
rhetorical expression in those days. Leather ink-balls were still used
in old-fashioned printing houses; the pressman dabbed the ink by hand
on the characters, and the movable table on which the form of type
was placed in readiness for the sheet of paper, being made of marble,
literally deserved its name of "impression-stone." Modern machinery
has swept all this old-world mechanism into oblivion; the wooden press
which, with all its imperfections, turned out such beautiful work for
the Elzevirs, Plantin, Aldus, and Didot is so completely forgotten, that
something must be said as to the obsolete gear on which Jerome-Nicolas
Sechard set an almost superstitious affection, for it plays a part in
this chronicle of great small things.
Sechard had been in his time a journeyman pressman, a "bear" in
compositors' slang. The continued pacing to and fro of the pressman
from ink-table to press, from press to ink-table, no doubt suggested
the nickname. The "bears," however, make matters even by calling the
compositors monkeys, on account of the nimble industry displayed by
those gentlemen in picking out the type from the hundred and fifty-two
compartments of the cases.
In the disastrous year 1793, Sechard, being fifty years old and a
married man, escaped the great Requisition which swept the bulk of
French workmen into the army. The old pressman was the only hand left in
the printing-house; and when the master (otherwise the "gaffer") died,
leaving a widow, but no children, the business seemed to be on the verge
of extinction; for the solitary "bear" was quite incapable of the feat
of transformation into a "monkey," and in his quality of pressman had
never learned to read or write. Just then, however, a Representative
of the People being in a mighty hurry to publish the Decrees of
the Convention, bestowed a master printer's license on Sechard, and
requisitioned the establishment. Citizen Sechard accepted the dangerous
patent, bought the business of his master's widow with his wife's
savings, and took over the plant at half its value. But he was not even
at the beginning. He was bound to print the Decrees of the Republic
without mistakes and without delay.
In this strait Jerome-Nicolas Sechard had the luck to discover a noble
Marseillais who had no mind to emigrate and lose his lands, nor yet to
show
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THE BOYHOOD OF JESUS
[Illustration]
PUBLISHED BY
DAVID C. COOK PUBLISHING COMPANY
Factory and Shipping Rooms, Elgin, Illinois
Try to be like Jesus.
The Bible tells of Jesus,
So gentle and so meek;
I’ll try to be like Jesus
In ev’ry word I speak.
For Jesus, too, was loving,
His words were always kind;
I’ll try to be like Jesus
In thought and word and mind.
I long to be like Jesus,
Who said “I am the Truth;”
Then I will give my heart to him,
Now, in my early youth.
—_Lillian Payson._
COPYRIGHT, 1905,
BY DAVID C. COOK PUBLISHING COMPANY.
[Illustration: THE BABY JESUS.]
The Little Lord Jesus.
Away in a manger,
No crib for a bed,
The little Lord Jesus
Laid down his sweet head.
The stars in the sky
Looked down where he lay—
The little Lord Jesus
Asleep on the hay.
The cattle are lowing,
The poor baby wakes,
But little Lord Jesus
No crying he makes.
I love thee, Lord Jesus;
Look down from the sky,
And stay by my cradle
To watch Lullaby.
—_Luther’s Cradle Hymn._
The Child Promised.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
THERE was once a time when there was no Christmas at all. There were
no beautiful Christmas trees and happy songs and stockings filled with
presents. No one shouted “Merry Christmas!” or “Christmas Gift!” No
one told the sweet story of Jesus, because Jesus had not come into
the world and so there was no Christmas. You see Christmas is Jesus’
birthday, and before he came, of course people could not keep his
birthday. You have heard of how wicked and unhappy the people were long
ago. Although God loved them and tried to make them do right, they
forgot about him and did so many naughty, disobedient things that they
were very miserable. Then God sent a wonderful message to them. He told
them that some day he would send them his own Son, who should be their
King and teach them how to do right. He said that his Son would come as
a little child to grow up among them to love and help them. God even
told them what they should call this baby who was to be their King. God
said that Christ would be like a beautiful light showing them where to
go. It would be as though some people stumbling sorrowfully along a
dark street should suddenly see a bright light shining ahead of them,
making everything cheerful and pleasant. They would be joyful like
people who gather in the harvest. Jesus makes his children happy, and
he wants them to shine out and make others happy. These people who were
so unhappy before Jesus came, were very glad to know that some day he
would come. They talked about him and waited a long, long time before
he came and brought Christmas light into the world.
[Illustration: THE BABE IN BETHLEHEM.]
The Coming of Jesus.
LONG ago there lived a good man named Joseph, a carpenter of Nazareth,
who built houses and made many useful things for people. He also loved
to read God’s Gift Book, and tried to obey its rules. One day the king
of the land where Joseph lived ordered everyone to write his name in a
book, and pay a tax, in his own city. So Joseph and Mary his wife got
ready to take a long journey to their old home, Bethlehem. There were
no cars for them to ride in, so they must either walk or ride a donkey.
As the fashion was there, Mary wore a long, white veil which covered
her beautiful face.
The streets were full of people, walking, or traveling on mules,
donkeys, or camels—all going to be taxed. It was winter, but in a warm
country, and they went through valleys of figs, olives, dates, oranges
and other good things.
[Illustration]
They must have been very tired when they reached Bethlehem’s gates,
for they had come a long distance, and the dust of the road, the
bustle of traveling, and the strangeness of it all, seemed to add
to their trials. The people of Bethlehem had opened their homes and
welcomed the strangers, until every house was full, and still the
people kept coming. They could scarcely go up the steep hill,
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FAITHFUL GOD***
Transcribed from the 1817 R. Thomas edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
[Picture: Public domain book cover]
THE
_Believer’s Confidence_
IN A
FAITHFUL GOD,
AND THE NEEDLESS
Triumph of his Enemies
CONSIDERED,
IN
A SERMON,
Preached on LORD’s DAY MORNING, November 23, 1817.
AT SEVEN O’CLOCK,
_At the Surrey Tabernacle_,
BOROUGH ROAD,
BY JOHN CHURCH,
_ON HIS TAKING LEAVE_.
* * * * *
THOUGH I WALK IN THE MIDST OF TROUBLE THOU WILT REVIVE ME;
THOU SHALT STRETCH FORTH THINE HAND UPON THE WRATH OF MINE
ENEMIES, AND THY RIGHT HAND SHALL SAVE ME.—_Psalm_ cxxxviii, 7.
* * * * *
Southwark:
Printed by R. THOMAS, Red Lion Street, BOROUGH.
1817.
* * * * *
_A SERMON_, _&c._
MICAH VIII, 6th.—“REJOICE NOT AGAINST ME, O MINE ENEMY; WHEN I FALL,
I SHALL ARISE; AND WHEN I SIT IN DARKNESS, THE LORD SHALL BE A LIGHT
UNTO ME.”
MY DEAR FRIENDS,
I am come this morning to perform one of the most painful tasks that ever
fell to my lot. I am come to take farewell of those who are dear to God,
dear to angels, dear to each other, and dear to my heart upon the most
noble principles. Though I trust it is but a temporary farewell in
general, yet to many it will be perhaps a long farewell, even till we
meet in glory, where parting shall be known no more for ever; and to
others who live and die enemies to the dear and adorable Saviour—to
hypocrites in Zion, to formalists and pharisees, dying such, I say it is
an eternal farewell. We shall meet no more perhaps on praying ground—but
be it known unto you, my testimony for God and truth you have heard many
times, will never be out of your consciences, either in heaven or hell;
it will be for or against you, either a savour of life unto life, or of
death unto death. And now behold, many among whom I have preached the
gospel will see my face no more—painful thought! but I bow to the solemn,
awful, just, and I may add, I am sure, merciful dispensation; fully
persuaded it is my duty, nay, more, it is my salvation, to bow to the
will of the great head of the church. Nature shrinks, but faith looks
forward to the grand end which my heavenly father has in view—and being
already assured by his word, and by his spirit, that I shall be favoured
with his manifestative presence, I prefer submitting to the mind of
infinite wisdom, to any other plan which nature, friends, and present
interest may suggest. My heart sinks, my spirit fails, my mind is
distressed, when I take the painful retrospect, accompanied with the
grief of my friends, the troubles of my family, and my own situation; and
what is most mortifying, the triumph of the envious, the joy of the
enemies of the cross; the pleasure of Satan, and the satisfaction of his
emissaries; these things all meet in my mind, and perplex me not a
little; but perhaps the grief of the former may be but comparatively for
a moment, and the joy of fools is compared to the crackling of thorns
under a pot, which make a noise and a blaze, but soon will expire, for so
the word of God assures us. And then, what have my enemies effected?
What advantage have they gained? Are they any the better? Will their
cruelty add to their felicity on a dying bed? Some perhaps may suppose
they have done God service; others have not God in all their thoughts;
while others, who ought to act better, because they profess better
things, join with worldlings, pharisees, and formalists, against a man
they know nothing of, but by hear-say. While erroneous characters of
every description hate me for the truth’s sake alone, and rejoice if they
can find any fault as a ground of persecution; and if not in reality, an
evil report is quite enough for them, that they might have cause to
oppose the truth, as it is in Jesus. But perhaps before many years roll
along, they may hear that John
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WHERE ART BEGINS
_Crown 8vo. cloth extra, 2s. 6d._
LESSONS IN ART.
By HUME NISBET.
_With 22 Illustrations by the Author._
'A book which merits prompt and hearty recognition.... Mr. Nisbet
is himself an accomplished artist, and the book is the outcome of
long years spent in the attempt to teach others the principles and
laws of painting and drawing.... Mr. Nisbet possesses such an
enviable faculty of clear and attractive exposition that this
little book is sure to make its own welcome.'--LEEDS MERCURY.
'A readable little volume.... The author has endeavoured to write
out some of the strictly necessary rules and laws of drawing and
painting for the use of students, so that they may be able to work
at home, and spare their masters a number of questions if they are
at art schools. The book deals with drawing and painting in water
and oil colour, and concludes with "Hints on General Art."... Art
students will, no doubt, find the little work helpful, and the
general reader may dip into it with pleasure.'--PALL MALL GAZETTE.
'A very useful book for young students.... Mr. Nisbet has a knack
of explanation so clear and pointed that few can fail to understand
the many practical hints with which the little book abounds.... The
book may be cordially commended.'--SCOTSMAN.
'A most entertaining as well as instructive book, that will commend
itself to young and old alike. To the author's experience as an art
teacher is doubtless due the lucid manner in which he writes. The
completeness and range of the lessons are remarkable.'--MANCHESTER
EXAMINER.
'The advice given will certainly succeed in its aim of enabling art
students to work at home and "spare their masters a number of
questions." Equally helpful will be the examples of drawing and
painting with which the letterpress is relieved, and which is
invariably of a high order of merit.'--SCOTTISH LEADER.
'Quite one of the best books of the kind which we have recently
encountered is Mr. Nisbet's "Lessons in Art"; a little volume
filled with sound and practical advice, and charmingly
illustrated.... This little book possesses distinct merit, and that
of a kind which is never too common in popular manuals.'--SPEAKER.
'With this book at hand no one need be at a loss, and may, by
attending to the valuable instructions given, become not only
proficient, but attain to a meritorious position as an
artist.'--STIRLING JOURNAL.
'The first part of the book treats of drawing, and is in the main
practical in aim and useful as guidance.'--SATURDAY REVIEW.
'A very useful handbook for beginners.'--GRAPHIC.
'A book written by a teacher who is an artist, and who fortunately
remembers that he has been a student, and doubtless this is why the
sympathies of his readers are promptly enlisted.'--DAILY CHRONICLE.
'"Lessons in Art" should prove of use to both pupils and
teachers.'--MORNING POST.
'As a teacher in the old School of Arts, Edinburgh, Mr. Nisbet may
be credited with knowing the kind of questions which students are
likely to ask, and he has here answered them in theoretical and
practical detail.'--GLASGOW HERALD.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214 Piccadilly, W.
[Illustration: A NEW ZEALAND FERN-TREE GULLY [_p._ 129]]
WHERE ART BEGINS
BY
HUME NISBET
AUTHOR OF
'LESSONS IN ART', 'LIFE AND NATURE STUDIES' ETC.
[Illustration]
_WITH 27 ILLUSTRATIONS_
LONDON
CHATTO & WINDUS, PICCADILLY
1892
DEDICATED
WITH
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ADDRESS
DELIVERED AT THE
QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION
OF THE
ADMISSION OF KANSAS AS A STATE,
BY
GOV. JOHN A. MARTIN.
Topeka, Kansas, January 29th, 1886.
TOPEKA:
KANSAS PUBLISHING HOUSE,
1886.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF KANSAS:
AN ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE
ADMISSION OF KANSAS, TOPEKA, JANUARY 29, 1886,
BY GOVERNOR JOHN A. MARTIN.
_Mr. Chairman, and Ladies and Gentlemen_:
In Grecian mythology it is related that Zeus, warned by an oracle that
the son of his spouse, Metis, would snatch supremacy from him, swallowed
both Metis and her unborn child. When the time of birth arrived, Zeus
felt a violent pain in his head, and in his agony requested Hephæstus to
cleave the head open with an ax. His request was complied with, and from
the brain of the great god sprang Athena, full-armed, and with a mighty
war-shout. She at once assumed a high place among the divinities of
Olympus. She first took part in the discussions of the gods as an
opponent of the savage Ares. She gave counsel to her father against the
giants; and she slew Enceládus, the most powerful of those who conspired
against Zeus, and buried him under Mt. Ætna. She became the patron of
heroism among men, and her active and original genius inspired their
employment. The agriculturist and the mechanic were under her special
protection, and the philosopher, the poet and the orator delighted in
her favor. The ægis was in her helmet, and she represented the
ether—pure air. She was worshipped at Athens because she caused the
olive to grow on the bare rock of the Acropolis. She was also the
protectress of the arts of peace among women. She bore in her hand the
spool, the spindle, and the needle, and she invented and excelled in all
the work of women. She was the goddess of wisdom and the symbol of
thought; she represented military skill and civic prudence. In war she
was heroic and invincible; in peace she was wise, strong, inventive, and
industrious.
THE ATHENA OF AMERICAN STATES.
Kansas is the Athena of American States. Thirty-six years ago the Slave
Oligarchy ruled this country. Fearing that the birth of new States in
the West would rob it of supremacy, the Slave Power swallowed the
Missouri Compromise, which had dedicated the Northwest to Freedom. The
industrious North, aroused and indignant, struck quick and hard, and
Kansas, full-armed, shouting the war-cry of Liberty, and nerved with
invincible courage, sprang into the Union. She at once assumed a high
place among the States. She was the deadly enemy of Slavery; she gave
voice and potency to the demand for its abolition; and she aided in
burying Secession in its unhonored grave. The war over, she became the
patron, as she had been during its continuance the exemplar, of heroism,
and a hundred thousand soldiers of the Union found homes within the
shelter of her embracing arms. The agriculturist and the mechanic were
charmed by her ample resources and inspired by her eager enterprise.
Education found in her a generous patron, and to literature, art and
science she has been a steadfast friend. Her pure atmosphere invigorated
all. A desert disfigured the map of the Continent, and she covered it
with fields of golden wheat and tasseling corn. She has extended to
women the protection of generous laws and of enlarged opportunities for
usefulness. In war she was valiant and indomitable, and in peace she has
been intelligent, energetic, progressive and enterprising. The modern
Athena, type of the great Greek goddess, is our Kansas.
THE CHILD OF A GREAT ERA.
It is not a long lapse of time since the 29th of January, 1861. A boy
born during that eventful year cast his first Presidential vote at the
last election. But no
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BEOWULF
By Anonymous
Translated by Gummere
BEOWULF
PRELUDE OF THE FOUNDER OF THE DANISH HOUSE
LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings
of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped,
we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore,
awing the earls. Since erst he lay
friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him:
for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,
till before him the folk, both far and near,
who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate,
gave him gifts: a good king he!
To him an heir was afterward born,
a son in his halls, whom heaven sent
to favor the folk, feeling their woe
that erst they had lacked an earl for leader
so long a while; the Lord endowed him,
the Wielder of Wonder, with world's renown.
Famed was this Beowulf: {0a} far flew the boast of him,
son of Scyld, in the Scandian lands.
So becomes it a youth to quit him well
with his father's friends, by fee and gift,
that to aid him, aged, in after days,
come warriors willing, should war draw nigh,
liegemen loyal: by lauded deeds
shall an earl have honor in every clan.
Forth he fared at the fated moment,
sturdy Scyld to the shelter of God.
Then they bore him over to ocean's billow,
loving clansmen, as late he charged them,
while wielded words the winsome Scyld,
the leader beloved who long had ruled....
In the roadstead rocked a ring-dight vessel,
ice-flecked, outbound, atheling's barge:
there laid they down their darling lord
on the breast of the boat, the breaker-of-rings, {0b}
by the mast the mighty one. Many a treasure
fetched from far was freighted with him.
No ship have I known so nobly dight
with weapons of war and weeds of battle,
with breastplate and blade: on his bosom lay
a heaped hoard that hence should go
far o'er the flood with him floating away.
No less these loaded the lordly gifts,
thanes' huge treasure, than those had done
who in former time forth had sent him
sole on the seas, a suckling child.
High o'er his head they hoist the standard,
a gold-wove banner; let billows take him,
gave him to ocean. Grave were their spirits,
mournful their mood. No man is able
to say in sooth, no son of the halls,
no hero 'neath heaven, -- who harbored that freight!
I
Now Beowulf bode in the burg of the Scyldings,
leader beloved, and long he ruled
in fame with all folk, since his father had gone
away from the world, till awoke an heir,
haughty Healfdene, who held through life,
sage and sturdy, the Scyldings glad.
Then, one after one, there woke to him,
to the chieftain of clansmen, children four:
Heorogar, then Hrothgar, then Halga brave;
and I heard that -- was --'s queen,
the Heathoscylfing's helpmate dear.
To Hrothgar was given such glory of war,
such honor of combat, that all his kin
obeyed him gladly till great grew his band
of youthful comrades. It came in his mind
to bid his henchmen a hall uprear,
a master mead-house, mightier far
than ever was seen by the sons of earth,
and within it, then, to old and young
he would all allot that the Lord had sent him,
save only the land and the lives of his men.
Wide, I heard, was the work commanded,
for many a tribe this mid-earth round,
to fashion the folkstead. It fell, as he ordered,
in rapid achievement that ready it stood there,
of halls the noblest: Heorot {1a} he named it
whose message had might in many a land.
Not reckless of promise, the rings he dealt,
treasure at banquet: there towered the hall,
high, gabled wide, the hot surge waiting
of furious flame. {1b} Nor far was that day
when father and son-in-law stood in feud
for warfare and hatred that woke again. {1c}
With envy
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Transcribed from the 1894 Chapman and Hall "Christmas Stories" edition by
David Price, email [email protected]
MUGBY JUNCTION
CHAPTER I--BARBOX BROTHERS
I.
"Guard! What place is this?"
"Mugby Junction, sir."
"A windy place!"
"Yes, it mostly is, sir."
"And looks comfortless indeed!"
"Yes, it generally does, sir."
"Is it a rainy night still?"
"Pours, sir."
"Open the door. I'll get out."
"You'll have, sir," said the guard, glistening with drops of wet, and
looking at the tearful face of his watch by the light of his lantern as
the traveller descended, "three minutes here."
"More, I think.--For I am not going on."
"Thought you had a through ticket, sir?"
"So I have, but I shall sacrifice the rest of it. I want my luggage."
"Please to come to the van and point it out, sir. Be good enough to look
very sharp, sir. Not a moment to spare."
The guard hurried to the luggage van, and the traveller hurried after
him. The guard got into it, and the traveller looked into it.
"Those two large black portmanteaus in the corner where your light
shines. Those are mine."
"Name upon 'em, sir?"
"Barbox Brothers."
"Stand clear, sir, if you please. One. Two. Right!"
Lamp waved. Signal lights ahead already changing. Shriek from engine.
Train gone.
"Mugby Junction!" said the traveller, pulling up the woollen muffler
round his throat with both hands. "At past three o'clock of a
tempestuous morning! So!"
He spoke to himself. There was no one else to speak to. Perhaps, though
there had been any one else to speak to, he would have preferred to speak
to himself. Speaking to himself he spoke to a man within five years of
fifty either way, who had turned grey too soon, like a neglected fire; a
man of pondering habit, brooding carriage of the head, and suppressed
internal voice; a man with many indications on him of having been much
alone.
He stood unnoticed on the dreary platform, except by the rain and by the
wind. Those two vigilant assailants made a rush at him. "Very well,"
said he, yielding. "It signifies nothing to me to what quarter I turn my
face."
Thus, at Mugby Junction, at past three o'clock of a tempestuous morning,
the traveller went where the weather drove him.
Not but what he could make a stand when he was so minded, for, coming to
the end of the roofed shelter (it is of considerable extent at Mugby
Junction), and looking out upon the dark night, with a yet darker spirit-
wing of storm beating its wild way through it, he faced about, and held
his own as ruggedly in the difficult direction as he had held it in the
easier one. Thus, with a steady step, the traveller went up and down, up
and down, up and down, seeking nothing and finding it.
A place replete with shadowy shapes, this Mugby Junction in the black
hours of the four-and-twenty. Mysterious goods trains, covered with
palls and gliding on like vast weird funerals, conveying themselves
guiltily away from the presence of the few lighted lamps, as if their
freight had come to a secret and unlawful end. Half-miles of coal
pursuing in a Detective manner, following when they lead, stopping when
they stop, backing when they back. Red-hot embers showering out upon the
ground, down this dark avenue, and down the other, as if torturing fires
were being raked clear; concurrently, shrieks and groans and grinds
invading the ear, as if the tortured were at the height of their
suffering. Iron-barred cages full of cattle jangling by midway, the
drooping beasts with horns entangled, eyes frozen with terror, and mouths
too: at least they have long icicles (or what seem so) hanging from their
lips. Unknown languages in the air, conspiring in red, green, and white
characters. An earthquake, accompanied with thunder and lightning, going
up express to London. Now, all quiet, all rusty, wind and rain in
possession, lamps extinguished, Mugby Junction dead and indistinct, with
its robe drawn over its head, like Caesar.
Now, too, as the belated traveller plodded up and
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
* Italics are denoted by underscores as in _italics_.
* Small caps are represented in upper case as in SMALL CAPS.
* Letter spaced Greek text is enclosed in tildes as in ~καὶ τὰ
λοιπά~.
* Obvious printer errors have been silently corrected, after
comparison with a later edition of this work. Greek text has
also been corrected after checking with this later edition and
with Perseus, when the reference was found.
* Original spelling, hyphenation and punctuation have been kept,
but variant spellings were made consistent when a predominant
usage was found.
* Some inconsistencies in the use of accents over proper nouns
(like “Alkibiades” and “Alkibiadês”) have been retained.
* The following changes were also made, after checking with
Perseus and other editions:
note 337: “Thucyd. vi, 69” → “Thucyd, i, 69”
note 573: “vii, 73” → “viii, 73”
HISTORY OF GREECE.
BY
GEORGE GROTE, ESQ.
VOL. VII.
REPRINTED FROM THE LONDON EDITION
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS
329 AND 331 PEARL STREET.
CONTENTS.
VOL. VII.
PART II.
CONTINUATION OF HISTORICAL GREECE.
CHAPTER LV.
FROM THE PEACE OF NIKIAS TO THE OLYMPIC FESTIVAL OF
OLYMPIAD 90.
Negotiations for peace during the winter after the battle
of Amphipolis.—Peace called the Peace of Nikias—concluded
in March 421 B.C. Conditions of peace.—Peace accepted at
Sparta by the majority of members of the Peloponnesian
alliance.—The most powerful members of the alliance refuse
to accept the truce—Bœotians, Megarians, Corinthians, and
Eleians.—Position and feelings of the Lacedæmonians—their
great anxiety for peace—their uncertain relations with
Argos.—Steps taken by the Lacedæmonians to execute the
peace—Amphipolis is not restored to Athens—the great
allies of Sparta do not accept the peace.—Separate
alliance for mutual defence concluded between Sparta and
Athens.—Terms of the alliance.—Athens restores the Spartan
captives.—Mismanagement of the political interests of
Athens by Nikias and the peace party.—By the terms of
the alliance Athens renounced all the advantages of her
position in reference to the Lacedæmonians—she gained none
of those concessions upon which she calculated, while
they gained materially.—Discontent and remonstrances
of the Athenians against Sparta in consequence of the
non-performance of the conditions—they repent of having
given up the captives—excuses of Sparta.—New combinations
in Peloponnesus—suspicion entertained of concert between
Sparta and Athens—Argos stands prominently forward—state
of Argos—aristocratical regiment of one thousand formed
in that city.—The Corinthians prevail upon Argos to stand
forward as head of a new Peloponnesian alliance.—Congress
of recusant Peloponnesian allies at Corinth—the Mantineians
join Argos—state of Arcadia—rivalship of Tegea and
Mantineia.—Remonstrances of Lacedæmonian envoys at the
congress at Corinth—redefence of the Corinthians—pretence
of religious scruple.—The Bœotians and Megarians refuse
to break with Sparta, or to ally themselves with Argos—the
Corinthians hesitate in actually joining Argos.—The
Eleians become allies of Argos—their reasons for doing
so—relations with Lepreum—the Corinthians now join Argos
also.—Refusal of Tegea to separate from Sparta.—The
Corinthians are disheartened—their application through
the Bœotians to Athens.—The Lacedæmonians emancipate the
Arcadian subjects of Mantineia—they plant the Brasidean
Helots at Lepreum.—Treatment of the Spartan captives after
their liberation from Athens and return to Sparta—they are
disfranchised for a time and in a qualified manner.—The
Athenians recapture Skiônê—put to death all the adult
males.—Political relations in Peloponnesus—change of ephors
at Sparta—the new ephors are hostile to Athens.—Congress
at Sparta—Athenian, Bœotian, and Corinthian deputies,
present—long debates, but no settlement attained of any
one
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The New Poetry Series
PUBLISHED BY HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
IRRADIATIONS. SAND AND SPRAY. JOHN GOULD FLETCHER.
SOME IMAGIST POETS.
JAPANESE LYRICS. Translated by LAFCADIO HEARN.
AFTERNOONS OF APRIL. GRACE HAZARD CONKLING.
THE CLOISTER: A VERSE DRAMA. EMILE VERHAEREN.
INTERFLOW. GEOFFREY C. FABER.
STILLWATER PASTORALS AND OTHER POEMS. PAUL SHIVELL.
IDOLS. WALTER CONRAD ARENSBERG.
TURNS AND MOVIES, AND OTHER TALES IN VERSE. CONRAD AIKEN.
ROADS. GRACE FALLOW NORTON.
GOBLINS AND PAGODAS. JOHN GOULD FLETCHER.
SOME IMAGIST POETS. _1916._
A SONG OF THE GUNS. GILBERT FRANKAU.
MOTHERS AND MEN. HAROLD T. PULSIFER.
SOME IMAGIST POETS, _1916_
SOME IMAGIST POETS
_1916_
AN ANNUAL ANTHOLOGY
[Illustration]
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
The Riverside Press Cambridge
1916
COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
_Published May 1916_
THIRD IMPRESSION
PREFACE
In bringing the second volume of _Some Imagist Poets_ before the
public, the authors wish to express their gratitude for the interest
which the 1915 volume aroused. The discussion of it was widespread,
and even those critics out of sympathy with Imagist tenets accorded
it much space. In the Preface to that book, we endeavoured to present
those tenets in a succinct form. But the very brevity we employed has
lead to a great deal of misunderstanding. We have decided, therefore,
to explain the laws which govern us a little more fully. A few people
may understand, and the rest can merely misunderstand again, a result
to which we are quite accustomed.
In the first place "Imagism" does not mean merely the presentation of
pictures. "Imagism" refers to the manner of presentation, not to the
subject. It means a clear presentation of whatever the author wishes
to convey. Now he may wish to convey a mood of indecision, in which
case the poem should be indecisive; he may wish to bring before his
reader the constantly shifting and changing lights over a landscape,
or the varying attitudes of mind of a person under strong emotion,
then his poem must shift and change to present this clearly. The
"exact" word does not mean the word which exactly describes the
object in itself, it means the "exact" word which brings the effect
of that object before the reader as it presented itself to the poet's
mind at the time of writing the poem. Imagists deal but little with
similes, although much of their poetry is metaphorical. The reason
for this is that while acknowledging the figure to be an integral
part of all poetry, they feel that the constant imposing of one
figure upon another in the same poem blurs the central effect.
The great French critic, Remy de Gourmont, wrote last Summer in _La
France_ that the Imagists were the descendants of the French
_Symbolistes_. In the Preface to his _Livre des Masques_, M. de
Gourmont has thus described _Symbolisme_: "Individualism in
literature, liberty of art, abandonment of existing forms.... The
sole excuse which a man can have for writing is to write down
himself, to unveil for others the sort of world which mirrors itself
in his individual glass.... He should create his own aesthetics--and
we should admit as many aesthetics as there are original minds, and
judge them for what they are and not what they are not." In this
sense the Imagists are descendants of the _Symbolistes_; they are
Individualists.
The only reason that Imagism has seemed so anarchaic and strange to
English and American reviewers is that their minds do not easily and
quickly suggest the steps by which modern art has arrived at its
present position. Its immediate prototype cannot be found in English
or American literature, we must turn to Europe for it. With Debussy
and Stravinsky in music, and Gauguin and Matisse in painting, it
should have been evident to every one that art was entering upon an
era of change. But music and painting are universal languages, so we
have become accustomed to new
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by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber's Notes: Words in italics in the original are surrounded by
_underscores_. A row of asterisks represents a thought break. A complete
list of corrections as well as other notes follows the text.
ANECDOTES
OF THE
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS
OF
LONDON
DURING THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY;
INCLUDING
THE CHARITIES, DEPRAVITIES, DRESSES, AND AMUSEMENTS,
OF THE CITIZENS OF LONDON,
DURING THAT PERIOD;
WITH A REVIEW
OF THE
STATE OF SOCIETY IN 1807.
TO WHICH IS ADDED,
A SKETCH OF THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE, AND OF
THE VARIOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METROPOLIS.
ILLUSTRATED BY FORTY-FIVE ENGRAVINGS.
BY JAMES PELLER MALCOLM, F. S. A.
AUTHOR OF "LONDINIUM REDIVIVUM," &c. &c.
THE SECOND EDITION.
VOLUME II.
_LONDON_:
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME,
PATERNOSTER ROW.
1810.
John Nichols and Son, Printers,
Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street, London.
_CONTENTS_
OF
THE SECOND VOLUME.
CHAP. V. Page.
Public Methods of raising Money exemplified in
Notices relating to Lotteries, Benefit Societies, &c. 1
CHAP. VI.
The Religious and Political Passions of the Community
illustrated by Anecdotes of popular Tumults 11
CHAP. VII.
Amusement--Detail of its principal Varieties since
1700 107
CHAP. VIII.
Anecdotes of Dress, and of the Caprices of Fashion 312
CHAP. IX.
Domestic Architecture traced from its origin to its
present improved state in London--Lighting and
improving of Streets--Obstructions in them--Ornaments,
&c. 358
CHAP. X.
Sketch of the present State of Society in London 406
_PLATES_
TO
THE SECOND VOLUME.
The Plates of Dress (chronologically) 312
Croydon Palace }
Brick Gateway near Bromley } 364
The Views of Antient and Modern Houses 366
The general Views 404
CHAP. V.
PUBLIC METHODS OF RAISING MONEY EXEMPLIFIED, IN NOTICES
RELATING TO LOTTERIES, BENEFIT SOCIETIES, &C.
The community of London had superior advantages an hundred years past
in the State Lotteries, though, if interested Office-keepers could be
credited, the Londoners of the present Century enjoy greater gaming
privileges than the world ever yet produced. The reader shall judge
between the schemes of 1709 and 1807. The Post Boy of December 27 says,
"We are informed that the Parliamentary Lottery will be fixed in this
manner:--150,000 tickets will be delivered out at 10_l._ each ticket,
making in all the sum of 1,500,000_l._ sterling; the principal whereof
is to be sunk, the Parliament allowing nine _per cent._ interest for
the whole during the term of 32 years, which interest is to be divided
as follows: 3750 tickets will be prizes from 1000_l._ to 5_l. per
annum_ during the said 32 years; all the other tickets will be blanks,
so that there will be 39 of these to one prize, but then each blank
ticket will be entitled to fourteen shillings a year for the term
of 32 years, which is better than an annuity for life at ten _per
cent._ over and above the chance of getting a prize." Such was the
eagerness of the publick in subscribing to the above profitable scheme,
that Mercers-hall was literally crowded, and the Clerks were found
incompetent to receive the influx of names. 600,000_l._ was subscribed
January 21; and on the 28th of February the sum of 1,500,000_l._ was
completed.
The rage for Lotteries reigned uncontrouled; and the newspapers of the
day teemed with proposals issued by every ravenous adventurer who could
collect a few valuable articles; and from those shopkeepers took the
hint, and goods of every description were converted into prizes, even
neckcloths, snuff-boxes, toothpick-cases, linen, muslin, and plate. The
prices of
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(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive)
[Illustration]
DIARY
OF
AN ENLISTED MAN
BY
LAWRENCE VAN ALSTYNE
SHARON, CONN.
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
THE TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR COMPANY
1910
Copyrighted 1910
by
LAWRENCE VAN ALSTYNE
WITH LOVING REGARD
FOR THE MEMORY OF MY PARENTS
WHO WATCHED FOR AND EAGERLY READ THE DIARY
AS FROM TIME TO TIME IT CAME TO THEM
AND TO MY COMRADES-IN-ARMS
WHETHER LIVING OR DEAD
THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.
PREFACE
In the multitude of books written about the Civil War, very little is
said of the enlisted man. His bravery and his loyalty are admitted and
that is about all. Of his everyday life, the very thing his family and
friends cared most to know about, there is hardly anything said.
It is to remedy this omission in some degree that the following pages
are published. They were written by an enlisted man and are mostly about
enlisted men. They are filled with details that history has no room for,
and for that reason may have an interest quite their own.
They were written at different times, in different places, and under a
great variety of circumstances and conditions. Some were written as the
line halted for rest while marching from place to place, some while
waiting for trains or other modes of transportation, but the most were
written by the light of a candle or a smoldering camp-fire while my
comrades, no more weary than I, were sleeping about me. All were written
amid scenes of more or less confusion, and many times of great
excitement. They were written because of a promise made to my parents
that I would make notes of my wanderings and of the adventures I met
with.
At first I found it an irksome task, taking time I really needed for
rest; but as time went on the habit became fixed, and I did not consider
the day's work done until I had written in my diary of the events that
came with it.
The diary was kept in small pocket notebooks, of a size convenient to
carry in my pocket, and be ever ready for use. There was never a lack of
subjects to write about. Events crowded upon each other so fast that
each day furnished plenty of material for the time I could give it. I
had never been far from home. The sights I saw were new and strange to
me and made deep impressions. These, as best I could, I transferred to
the pages of my diary, so the friends at home could, in a way, see the
sights I saw and that seemed so wonderful to me. When pages enough were
written for a letter, I cut them out and sent them home to be read by
any who cared to, after which they were strung together on a string and
saved for me to read again, should I ever return to do it. When I did
return I found the leaves had so accumulated as to make a large bundle.
There was no need for me to read them at that time, for the story they
told was burned too deep in my memory to be easily forgotten.
So I tied them in a bundle and put them away in an unused drawer of my
desk, where they lay, unread and undisturbed for the next forty-five
years.
But while the old diary lay hidden in my desk a new generation had crept
upon the stage. We no longer occupied the center of it. One by one we
had been crowded off, and our ranks were getting so thin we had to feel
around for the touch of a comrade's elbow. Every year there were more
comrades' graves to decorate, and every year there were fewer of us left
to decorate them. At last we had met an enemy we could not even hope to
conquer. With sadness we saw first one and then another called out, and
they did not return. They had answered the last roll call, and it was
only a question of a little time when the last name would be called, and
the muster-out rolls be folded up and filed away.
It was with a feeling of ever-increasing loneliness that I untied the
bundle and began to read the long-forgotten diary. In a little while I
was a boy again, one of that great company that helped to make history
read as it does. Almost half a century had suddenly rolled back and I
was with Company B--"Bostwick's Tigers" we were called, not altogether
on account of our fighting qualities, but because of the noise we
sometimes made. I was having my share of the fun that was going, and
was taking my share of the hard knocks as well.
I was never so absorbedly interested. I even forgot my meals. For weeks
I thought of little else and did little else than read and copy those
dim old pages. I read from them to any who would listen, and wondered
why it did not stir their blood as it did my own.
But the reason is plain. To the listener it was hearsay. To me it was
real. So it may be with the diary now it is printed. In the nature of
things it cannot be to others what it is to me. It is a part of my life.
My blood would not tingle as it does at the reading of another man's
life. It is what historians had neither time nor space to write, the
everyday life of an enlisted man in time of war.
L. V. A.
October, 1910.
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER I--THE RECRUITING CAMP 1
First steps as a Soldier--The five-day furlough.
CHAPTER II--THE JOURNEY SOUTH 16
The march through Hudson--The stop in New York--Breakfast at
"The Cooper Shop"--Arrival at Baltimore--When we first
heard the "Long Roll."
CHAPTER III--CAMP MILLINGTON, MD. 23
School of the Soldier--On picket at Catonsville--Trip to
Gettysburg--Dinner at Hanover--Meeting the 150th--Roast
chicken--Stuart's Mansion Hospital.
CHAPTER IV--ON BOARD THE ARAGO 61
A morning on Chesapeake Bay--At Newport News--At Fortress
Monroe--The journey South continued--Sickness and death on
board--A burial at sea--Quarantined.
CHAPTER V--QUARANTINE STATION, LA. 73
Cooking graybacks--A big catfish--Starting a graveyard--The
most trying circumstances war can bring.
CHAPTER VI--CAMP CHALMETTE, LA. 80
Spying out the land--Foiling an attempt at suicide--Clash
with the 28th Maine--An interrupted sermon--Brownell's
last words.
CHAPTER VII--CAMP PARAPET, LA. 87
Captain Bostwick gets married--In the hospital at last--Good
care and treatment--The slow process of getting well--The
Ponchatoula trip--Mosquitoes and alligators.
CHAPTER VIII--PORT HUDSON, LA. 108
Good-bye, Camp Parapet--Going up the river--Stop at
Springfield Landing--Before the works--Capt. Gifford
missing--The first assault--Stealing honey--Scared by a
snake--The second assault--The "Forlorn Hope"--Captain
Gifford comes back--Vicksburg surrenders--Port Hudson
follows suit--The laying down of arms.
CHAPTER IX--DONALDSONVILLE, LA. 149
Leaving Port Hudson--Stop at Baton Rouge--At
Donaldsonville--Living on the fat of the land--How sugar
is made--Hickory Landing--Plaquemine--Baton Rouge.
CHAPTER X--AT NEW ORLEANS, LA. 173
Good-bye to the 128th--Down the river to New
Orleans--Looking for General Grant--Finding General
Grant--Joined the Corps de Afrique--Franklin's expedition
to Texas--The return trip--Pilot Town, La.--Easy times.
CHAPTER XI--BRASHEAR CITY, LA. 184
Mustered into the service again--Waiting for orders--Up the
Bayou Teche--Stealing a horse--Meeting the owner--At
Mouton's Plantation--The return across the prairie--A sham
battle--One kind of southern hospitality--Another kind of
southern hospitality--Camp life at Brashear City.
CHAPTER XII--THE LOUISIANA STEAM COTTON PRESS 230
In winter quarters--Dull times--The fortune-tellers--An old
man's blessing--A pleasant surprise--Leave of absence--On
board the steamer Creole--Seasick--Losing Henry
Holmes--Wholesale visiting--Finding Henry Holmes.
CHAPTER XIII--ON BOARD THE MCCLELLAN 272
The start for Dixie--The McClellan is not the Creole--A
tough crowd--Man overboard--Martial law proclaimed--Arrest
of the rioters--Storm at sea--Stop at Key West--In New
Orleans again.
CHAPTER XIV--THE RED RIVER CAMPAIGN 286
Camping on The Laurel Hill--At Port Hudson again--Meeting
the 128th--Up the Red River to Alexandria--Two trips to
Grand Ecore--The river falling--The dam at Alexandria--The
burning of Alexandria.
CHAPTER XV--THE RED RIVER RETREAT 322
Guarding the pontoon train--Sleeping on feathers--Killing
the goose--Forced marching--The fight at Yellow
Bayou--Crossing the Atchafalaya--Another forced march--A
raw beef supper--Footsore and weary.
CHAPTER XVI--CAMP AT MORGANZIA, LA. 332
On picket with the western men--Smallpox appears--A pay-day
misunderstanding--Building Fort Morgan--Fourth of July
dinner--General Order 88--The army moving away.
CHAPTER XVII--OUR LAST CAMP IN THE SOUTH 346
Leaving Morganzia--In camp near New Orleans--Good-bye,
Dixie--Homeward bound.
CHAPTER I
The Recruiting Camp
First steps as a Soldier--The five-day furlough.
_August 19, 1862._
HUDSON CAMP GROUNDS. I have enlisted! Joined the Army of Uncle Sam for
three years, or the war, whichever may end first. Thirteen dollars per
month, board, clothes and traveling expenses thrown in. That's on the
part of my Uncle. For my part, I am to do, I hardly know what, but in a
general way understand I am to kill or capture such part of the Rebel
Army as comes in my way.
I wonder what sort of a soldier I will make; to be honest about it, I
don't feel much of that eagerness for the fray I am hearing so much of
about me.
It seems to me it is a serious sort of business I have engaged in. I was
a long time making up my mind about it. This one could go, and that one,
and they ought to, but with me, some way it was different. There was so
much I had planned to do, and to be. I was needed at home, etc., etc. So
I would settle the question for a time, only to have it come up to be
reasoned away again, and each time my reasons for not taking my part in
the job seemed less reasonable. Finally I did the only thing I could
respect myself for doing,--went to Millerton, the nearest recruiting
station, and enlisted.
I then threw down my unfinished castles, went around and bid my friends
good-bye, and had a general settling up of my affairs, which, by the
way, took but little time. But I never before knew I had so many
friends. Everyone seemed to be my friend. A few spoke encouragingly, but
the most of them spoke and acted about as I would expect them to, if I
were on my way to the gallows. Pity was so plainly shown that when I had
gone the rounds, and reached home again, I felt as if I had been
attending my own funeral. Poor old father and mother! They had expected
it, but now that it had come they felt it, and though they tried hard,
they could not hide from me that they felt it might be the last they
would see of their baby.
Then came the leaving it all behind. I cannot describe that. The
good-byes and the good wishes ring in my ears yet. I am not myself. I am
some other person. My surroundings are new, the sights and sounds about
me are new, my aims and ambitions are new;--that is if I have any. I
seem to have reached the end. I can look backwards, but when I try to
look ahead it is all a blank. Right here let me say, God bless the man
who wrote "Robert Dawson," and God bless the man who gave me the book.
"Only a few drops at a time, Robert." The days are made of minutes, and
I am only sure of the one I am now living in. Take good care of that and
cross no bridges until you come to them.
I have promised to keep a diary, and I am doing it. I have also promised
that it should be a truthful account of what I saw and what I did. I
have crawled off by myself and have been scribbling away for some time,
and upon reading what I have written I find it reads as if I was the
only one. But I am not. There are hundreds and perhaps thousands here,
and I suppose all could, if they cared to, write just such an experience
as I have. But no one else seems foolish enough to do it. I will let
this stand as a preface to my diary, and go on to say that we, the first
installment of recruits from our neighborhood, gathered at Amenia, where
we had a farewell dinner, and a final handshake, after which we boarded
the train and were soon at Ghent, where we changed from the Harlem to
the Hudson & Berkshire R. R., which landed us opposite the gates of the
Hudson Fair Grounds, about 4 P. M. on the 14th. We were made to form in
line and were then marched inside, where we found a lot of rough board
shanties, such as are usually seen on country fair grounds, and which
are now used as offices, and are full of bustle and confusion. After a
wash-up, we were taken to a building which proved to be a kitchen and
dining room combined. Long pine tables, with benches on each side,
filled the greater part of it, and at these we took seats and were
served with good bread and fair coffee, our first meal at Uncle Sam's
table, and at his expense. After supper we scattered, and the Amenia
crowd brought up at the Miller House in Hudson. We took in some of the
sights of the city and then put up for the night.
The next morning we had breakfast and then reported at the camp grounds
ready for the next move, whatever that might be. We found crowds of
people there, men, women and children, which were fathers and mothers,
wives and sweethearts, brothers and sisters of the men who have enlisted
from all over Dutchess and Columbia counties. Squads of men were
marching on the race track, trying to keep step with an officer who kept
calling out "Left, Left, Left," as his left foot hit the ground, from
which I judged he meant everyone else should put his left foot down with
his. We found these men had gone a step further than we. They had been
examined and accepted, but just what that meant none of us exactly knew.
We soon found out, however. Every few minutes a chap came out from a
certain building and read from a book, in a loud voice, the names of two
men. These would follow him in, be gone a little while and come out,
when the same performance would be repeated. My name and that of Peter
Carlo, of Poughkeepsie, were called together, and in we went. We found
ourselves in a large room with the medical examiner and his clerks. His
salutation, as we entered, consisted of the single word, "Strip." We
stripped and were examined just as a horseman examines a horse he is
buying. He looked at our teeth and felt all over us for any evidence of
unsoundness there might be. Then we were put through a sort of gymnastic
performance, and told to put on our clothes. We were then weighed and
measured, the color of our eyes and hair noted, also our complexion,
after which another man came and made us swear to a lot of things, most
of which I have forgotten already. But as it was nothing more than I
expected to do without swearing I suppose it makes no difference.
The rest of the day we visited around, getting acquainted and meeting
many I had long been acquainted with. In the afternoon the camp ground
was full of people, and as night began to come, and they began to go,
the good-byes were many and sad enough. I am glad my folks know enough
to stay away. That was our first night in camp. After we came from the
medical man, we were no longer citizens, but just soldiers. We could not
go down town as we did the night before. This was Saturday night, August
17th. We slept but little,--at least I did not. A dozen of us had a
small room, a box stall, in one of the stables, just big enough to lie
down in. The floor looked like pine, but it was hard, and I shall never
again call pine a soft wood, at least to lie on. If one did fall asleep
he was promptly awakened by some one who had not, and by passing this
around, such a racket was kept up that sleep was out of the question. I
for one was glad the drummer made a mistake and routed us
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TO HAVE AND TO HOLD
By Mary Johnston
TO
THE MEMORY OF
MY MOTHER
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. IN WHICH I THROW AMBS-ACE
CHAPTER II. IN WHICH I MEET MASTER JEREMY SPARROW
CHAPTER III. IN WHICH I MARRY IN HASTE
CHAPTER IV. IN WHICH I AM LIKE TO REPENT AT LEISURE
CHAPTER V. IN WHICH A WOMAN HAS HER WAY
CHAPTER VI. IN WHICH WE GO TO JAMESTOWN
CHAPTER VII. IN WHICH WE PREPARE TO FIGHT THE SPANIARD
CHAPTER VIII. IN WHICH ENTERS MY LORD CARNAL
CHAPTER IX. IN WHICH TWO DRINK OF ONE CUP
CHAPTER X. IN WHICH MASTER PORY GAINS TIME TO SOME PURPOSE
CHAPTER XI. IN WHICH I MEET AN ITALIAN DOCTOR
CHAPTER XII. IN WHICH I RECEIVE A WARNING AND REPOSE A TRUST
CHAPTER XIII. IN WHICH THE SANTA TERESA DROPS DOWN-STREAM
CHAPTER XIV. IN WHICH WE SEEK A LOST LADY
CHAPTER XV. IN WHICH WE FIND THE HAUNTED WOOD
CHAPTER XVI. IN WHICH I AM RID OF AN UNPROFITABLE SERVANT
CHAPTER XVII. IN WHICH MY LORD AND I PLAY AT BOWLS
CHAPTER XVIII. IN WHICH WE GO OUT INTO THE NIGHT
CHAPTER XIX. IN WHICH WE HAVE UNEXPECTED COMPANY
CHAPTER XX. IN WHICH WE ARE IN DESPERATE CASE
CHAPTER XXI. IN WHICH A GRAVE IS DIGGED
CHAPTER XXII. IN WHICH I CHANGE MY NAME AND OCCUPATION
CHAPTER XXIII. IN WHICH WE WRITE UPON THE SAND
CHAPTER XXIV. IN WHICH WE CHOOSE THE LESSER OF TWO EVILS
CHAPTER XXV. IN WHICH MY LORD HATH HIS DAY
CHAPTER XXVI. IN WHICH I AM BROUGHT TO TRIAL
CHAPTER XXVII. IN WHICH I FIND AN ADVOCATE
CHAPTER XXVIII. IN WHICH THE SPRINGTIME IS AT HAND
CHAPTER XXIX. IN WHICH I KEEP TRYST
CHAPTER XXX. IN WHICH WE START UPON A JOURNEY
CHAPTER XXXI. IN WHICH NANTAUQUAS COMES TO OUR RESCUE
CHAPTER XXXII. IN WHICH WE ARE THE GUESTS OF AN EMPEROR
CHAPTER XXXIII. IN WHICH MY FRIEND BECOMES MY FOE
CHAPTER XXXIV. IN WHICH THE RACE IS NOT TO THE SWIFT
CHAPTER XXXV. IN WHICH I COME TO THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE
CHAPTER XXXVI. IN WHICH I HEAR ILL NEWS
CHAPTER XXXVII. IN WHICH MY LORD AND I PART COMPANY
CHAPTER XXXVIII. IN WHICH I GO UPON A QUEST
CHAPTER XXXIX. IN WHICH WE LISTEN TO A SONG
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD
CHAPTER I IN WHICH I THROW AMBS-ACE
THE work of the day being over, I sat down upon my doorstep, pipe in
hand, to rest awhile in the cool of the evening. Death is not more still
than is this Virginian land in the hour when the sun has sunk away, and
it is black beneath the trees, and the stars brighten slowly and softly,
one by one. The birds that sing all day have hushed, and the horned
owls, the monster frogs, and that strange and ominous fowl (if fowl it
be, and not, as some assert, a spirit damned) which we English call the
whippoorwill, are yet silent. Later the wolf will howl and the panther
scream, but now there is no sound. The winds are laid, and the restless
leaves droop and are quiet. The low lap of the water among the reeds is
like the breathing of one who sleeps in his watch beside the dead.
I marked the light die from the broad bosom of the river, leaving it
a dead man's hue. Awhile ago, and for many evenings, it had been
crimson,--a river of blood. A week before, a great meteor had shot
through the night, blood-red and bearded, drawing a slow-fading fiery
trail across the heavens; and the moon had risen that same night
blood-red, and upon its disk there was drawn in shadow a thing most
marvelously like a scalping knife. Wherefore, the following day being
Sunday, good Mr. Stockham, our minister at Weyanoke, exhorted us to be
on our guard, and in his prayer besought that no sedition or rebellion
might raise its head amongst the Indian subjects of the Lord's anointed.
Afterward, in the churchyard, between the services, the more timorous
began to tell of divers portents which they had observed, and to recount
old tales of how the savages distressed us in the Starving Time. The
bolder spirits laughed them to scorn, but the women began to weep and
cower, and I, though I laughed too, thought of Smith, and how he ever
held the savages, and more especially that Opechancanough who was now
their emperor, in a most deep distrust; telling us that the red men
watched while we slept, that they might teach wiliness to a Jesuit, and
how to bide its time to a cat crouched before a mousehole. I thought
of the terms we now kept with these heathen; of how they came and went
familiarly amongst us, spying out our weakness, and losing the salutary
awe which that noblest captain had struck into their souls; of how many
were employed as hunters to bring down deer for lazy masters; of how,
breaking the law, and that not secretly, we gave them knives and arms, a
soldier's bread, in exchange for pelts and pearls; of how their emperor
was forever sending us smooth messages; of how their lips smiled
and their eyes frowned. That afternoon, as I rode
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Produced by Julia Miller and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
Transcriber's Note
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. A list of corrections
is found at the end of the text. Inconsistencies in spelling and
hyphenation have been maintained. A list of inconsistently spelled
and hyphenated words is found at the end of the text.
Oe ligatures have been expanded.
MEMOIR
OF AN
EVENTFUL EXPEDITION
IN
CENTRAL AMERICA;
RESULTING IN THE DISCOVERY OF THE IDOLATROUS CITY OF
IXIMAYA,
In an unexplored region; and the possession of two
REMARKABLE AZTEC CHILDREN,
Descendants and Specimens of the Sacerdotal Caste, (now
nearly extinct,) of the Ancient Aztec Founders of the
Ruined Temples of that Country,
DESCRIBED BY
JOHN L. STEVENS, ESQ.,
AND OTHER TRAVELLERS.
Translated from the Spanish of
PEDRO VELASQUEZ,
of SAN SALVADOR.
NEW YORK:
E. F. Applegate, Printer, 111 Nassau Street.
1850.
PROFILE ILLUSTRATIONS
FROM
CENTRAL AMERICAN RUINS,
OF
ANCIENT RACES STILL EXISTING
IN IXIMAYA.
[Illustration]
The above three figures, sketched from engravings in "Stevens's Central
America," will be found, on personal comparison, to bear a remarkable
and convincing resemblance, both in the general features and the
position of the head, to the two living Aztec children, now exhibiting
in the United States, of the ancient sacerdotal caste of _Kaanas_, or
Pagan Mimes, of which a few individuals remain in the newly discovered
city of Iximaya. See, the following _Memoir_, page 31.
[Illustration]
These two figures, sketched from the same work, are said, by Senor
Velasquez, in the unpublished portion of his narrative, to be
"irresistible likenesses" of the equally exclusive but somewhat more
numerous priestly caste of _Mahaboons_, still existing in that city,
and to which belonged Vaalpeor, an official guardian of those children,
as mentioned in this memoir. Velasquez states that the likeness of
Vaalpeor to the right hand figure in the frontispiece of Stevens' second
volume, which is here also the one on the right hand, was as exact, in
outline, as if the latter had been a daguerreotype miniature.
While writing his "Narrative" after his return to San Salvador, in the
spring of the present year, (1850,) Senor Velasquez was favored, by an
American gentleman of that city, with a copy of "Layard's Nineveh," and
was forcibly struck with the close characteristic resemblance of the
faces in many of its engravings to those of the inhabitants in general,
as a peculiar family of mankind, both of Iximaya and its surrounding
region. The following are sketches, (somewhat imperfect,) of two of the
male faces to which he refers:
[Illustration]
And the following profile, from the same work, is pronounced by
Velasquez to be equally characteristic of the female faces of that
region, making due allowance for the superb head dresses of tropical
plumage, with which he describes the latter as being adorned, instead of
the male galea, or close cap, retained in the engraving.
[Illustration]
These illustrations, slight as they are, are deemed interesting, because
the Iximayans assert their descent from a very ancient Assyrian colony
nearly co-temporary with Nineveh itself--a claim which receives strong
confirmation, not only from the hieroglyphics and monuments of Iximaya,
but from the engravings in Stevens' volumes of several remarkable
objects, (the inverted winged globe especially,) at Palenque--once a
kindred colony.
It should have been stated in the following Memoir, that Senor
Velasquez, on his return to San Salvador, caused the two Kaana children
to be baptized into the Catholic Church, by the Bishop of the Diocese,
under the names of Maximo and Bartola Velasquez.
MEMOIR
OF A RECENT
EVENTFUL EXPEDITION
IN
CENTRAL AMERICA.
In the second volume of his travels in Central America--than which no
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GOSLINGS
By
J. D. BERESFORD
Author of "The Hampdenshire Wonder," etc.
London
William Heinemann
1913
BOOK I
THE NEW PLAGUE
I--THE GOSLING FAMILY
1
"Where's the gels gone to?" asked Mr Gosling.
"Up the 'Igh Road to look at the shops. I'm expectin' 'em in every
minute."
"Ho!" said Gosling. He leaned against the dresser; the kitchen was
hot with steam, and he fumbled for a handkerchief in the pocket of
his black tail coat. He produced first a large red bandanna with which
he blew his nose vigorously. "Snuff 'andkerchief; brought it 'ome to
be washed," he remarked, and then brought out a white handkerchief
which he used to wipe his forehead.
"It's a dirty 'abit snuff-taking," commented Mrs Gosling.
"Well, you can't smoke in the orfice," replied Gosling.
"Must be doin' somethin', I suppose?" said his wife.
When the recital of this formula had been accomplished--it was hallowed
by a precise repetition every week, and had been established now for
a quarter of a century--Gosling returned to the subject in hand.
"They does a lot of lookin' at shops," he said, "and then nothin' 'll
satisfy 'em but buyin' somethin'. Why don't they keep away from 'em?"
"Oh, well; sales begin nex' week," replied Mrs Gosling. "An' that's a
thing we 'ave to consider in our circumstances." She left the vicinity
of the gas-stove, and bustled over to the dresser. "'Ere, get out of
my way, do," she went on, "an' go up and change your coat. Dinner'll
be ready in two ticks. I shan't wait for the gells if they ain't in."
"Them sales is a fraud," remarked Gosling, but he did not stop to
argue the point.
He went upstairs and changed his respectable "morning" coat for a
short alpaca jacket, slipped his cuffs over his hands, put one inside
the other and placed them in their customary position on the chest of
drawers, changed his boots for carpet slippers, wetted his hair brush
and carefully plastered down a long wisp of grey hair over the top
of his bald head, and then went into the bathroom to wash his hands.
There had been a time in George Gosling's history when he had not been
so regardful of the decencies of life. But he was a man of position
now, and his two daughters insisted on these ceremonial observances.
Gosling was one of the world's successes. He had started life as
a National School boy, and had worked his way up through all the
grades--messenger, office-boy, junior clerk, clerk, senior clerk,
head clerk, accountant--to his present responsible position as head of
the counting-house, with a salary of £26 a month. He rented a house
in Wisteria Grove, Brondesbury, at £45 a year; he was a sidesman
of the church of St John the Evangelist, Kilburn; a member of Local
Committees; and in moments of expansion he talked of seeking election
to the District Council. A solid, sober, thoroughly respectable man,
Gosling, about whom there had never been a hint of scandal; grown
stout now, and bald--save for a little hair over the ears, and that
one persistent grey tress which he used as a sort of insufficient
wrapping for his naked skull.
Such was the George Gosling seen by his wife, daughters, neighbours,
and heads of the firm of wholesale provision merchants for whom he had
worked for forty-one years in Barbican, E.C. Yet there was another man,
hardly realized by George Gosling himself, and apparently so little
representative that even his particular cronies in the office would
never have entered any description of him, if they had been obliged
to give a detailed account of their colleague's character.
Nevertheless, if you heard Gosling laughing uproariously at some story
produced by one of those cronies, you might be quite certain that it
was a story he would not repeat before his daughters
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE:
This text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file
encoding:
œ (oe ligature)
διορθῶσαι (Greek)
° (degree sign; temperature, latitude and longitude)
“ ” (curly quotes)
If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if
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apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage,
make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set
to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font.
Additional notes are at the end of the book.
_THE WORKS OF HENRY HALLAM._
INTRODUCTION
TO THE
LITERATURE OF EUROPE
IN THE FIFTEENTH, SIXTEENTH,
AND
SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES.
BY
HENRY HALLAM, F.R.A.S.,
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF MORAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
IN THE FRENCH INSTITUTE.
_VOLUME II._
WARD, LOCK & CO.,
LONDON: WARWICK HOUSE, SALISBURY SQUARE, E.C.
NEW YORK: BOND STREET.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
ON THE GENERAL STATE OF LITERATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE END
OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY.
Page
Retrospect of Learning in Middle Ages Necessary 1
Loss of learning in Fall of Roman Empire 1
Boethius--his Consolation of Philosophy 1
Rapid Decline of Learning in Sixth Century 2
A Portion remains in the Church 2
Prejudices of the Clergy against Profane Learning 2
Their Uselessness in preserving it 3
First Appearances of reviving Learning in Ireland and England 3
Few Schools before the Age of Charlemagne 3
Beneficial Effects of those Established by him 4
The Tenth Century more progressive than usually supposed 4
Want of Genius in the Dark Ages 5
Prevalence of bad Taste 5
Deficiency of poetical Talent 5
Imperfect State of Language may account for this 6
Improvement at beginning of Twelfth Century 6
Leading Circumstances in Progress of Learning 6
Origin of the University of Paris 6
Modes of treating the Science of Theology 6
Scholastic Philosophy--its Origin 7
Roscelin 7
Progress of Scholasticism; Increase of University of Paris 8
Universities founded 8
Oxford 8
Collegiate Foundations not derived from the Saracens 9
Scholastic Philosophy promoted by Mendicant Friars 9
Character of this Philosophy 10
It prevails least in Italy 10
Literature in Modern Languages 10
Origin of the French, Spanish, and Italian Languages 10
Corruption of colloquial Latin in the Lower Empire 11
Continuance of Latin in Seventh Century 12
It is changed to a new Language in Eighth and Ninth 12
Early Specimens of French 13
Poem on Boethius 13
Provençal Grammar 14
Latin retained in use longer in Italy 14
French of Eleventh Century 14
Metres of Modern Languages 15
Origin of Rhyme in Latin 16
Provençal and French Poetry 16
Metrical Romances--Havelok the Dane 18
Diffusion of French Language 19
German Poetry of Swabian Period 19
Decline of German Poetry 20
Poetry of France and Spain 21
Early Italian Language 22
Dante and Petrarch 22
Change of Anglo-Saxon to English 22
Layamon 23
Progress of English Language 23
English of the Fourteenth Century--Chaucer, Gower 24
General Disuse of French in England 24
State of European Languages about 1400 25
Ignorance of Reading and Writing in darker Ages 25
Reasons for supposing this to have diminished after 1100 26
Increased Knowledge of Writing in Fourteenth Century 27
Average State of Knowledge in England 27
Invention of Paper 28
Linen Paper when first used 28
Cotton Paper 28
Linen Paper as old as 1100 28
Known to Peter of Clugni 29
And in Twelfth and Thirteenth Century 29
Paper of mixed Materials 29
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MARCO PAUL'S
ADVENTURES
IN PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE.
FORESTS OF MAINE.
BY THE AUTHOR OF
ROLLO, JONAS, AND LUCY BOOKS.
BOSTON:
T. H. CARTER & COMPANY,
118 1/2 WASHINGTON STREET.
1843.
Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1843,
BY T. H. CARTER,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
STEREOTYPED BY
GEORGE A. CURTIS,
N. ENGLAND TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY, BOSTON.
[Illustration: FROM THE BOYS' AND GIRLS' MAGAZINE.]
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. THE MOUTH OF THE KENNEBEC. 11
II. THE LOST BUCKET. 21
III. A RAFT. 32
IV. THE DESERT ISLAND. 43
V. THE BENEFIT OF THE DOUBT. 54
VI. EBONY AND PINE. 66
VII. THE BEAR IN THE MILL. 77
VIII. THE BIVOUACK. 88
IX. THE ENCAMPMENT. 98
X. LOST IN THE WOODS. 110
XI. THE SHINGLE WEAVER'S. 120
XII. A VOYAGE ON THE POND. 130
[Illustration: _"Joe and two others were despatched to row it
ashore."_--See p. 31.]
PREFACE.
The design of the series of volumes, which it is intended to issue under
the general title of MARCO PAUL'S ADVENTURES IN THE PURSUIT OF
KNOWLEDGE, is not merely to entertain the reader with a narrative of
juvenile adventures, but also to communicate, in connexion with them, as
extensive and varied information as possible, in respect to the
geography, the scenery, the customs and the institutions of this
country, as they present themselves to the observation of the little
traveller, who makes his excursions under the guidance of an intelligent
and well-informed companion, qualified to assist him in the acquisition
of knowledge and in the formation of character. The author will endeavor
to enliven his narrative, and to infuse into it elements of a salutary
moral influence, by means of personal incidents befalling the actors in
the story. These incidents are, of course, imaginary--but the reader may
rely upon the strict and exact truth and fidelity of all the
descriptions of places, institutions and scenes, which are brought
before his mind in the progress of the narrative. Thus, though the
author hopes that the readers, who may honor these volumes with their
perusal, will be amused and interested by them, his design throughout
will be to instruct rather than to entertain.
MARCO PAUL IN THE FORESTS
OF MAINE.
CHAPTER I.
THE MOUTH OF THE KENNEBEC.
One summer, Forester and Marco Paul formed a plan for going to Quebec.
Marco was very much interested in going to Quebec, as he wanted to see
the fortifications. Forester had told him that Quebec was a
strongly-fortified city, being a military post of great importance,
belonging to the British government. Marco was very much pleased at the
idea of seeing the fortifications, and the soldiers that he supposed
must be placed there to defend them.
On their way to Quebec, they had to sail up the Kennebec in a steamboat.
As they were passing along, Marco and Forester sat upon the deck. It was
a pleasant summer morning. They had been sailing all night upon the sea,
on the route from Boston to the mouth of the Kennebec. They entered the
mouth of the Kennebec very early in the morning, just before Forester
and Marco got up. And thus it happened that when they came up upon the
deck, they found that they were sailing in a river. The water was smooth
and glassy, shining brilliantly under the rays of the morning sun, which
was just beginning to rise.
The shores of the river were rocky and barren. Here and there, in the
coves and eddies, were what appeared to Marco to be little fences in the
water. Forester told him that they were for catching fish. The steamboat
moved very slowly, and every moment the little bell would ring, and the
engine would stop. Then the boat would move more slowly still, until the
bell sounded again for the engine to be put in motion, and then the boat
would go on a little faster.
"What makes them keep stopping?" said Marco.
"The water is very low this morning," said Forester, "and they have to
proceed very carefully, or else they will get aground."
"What makes the water so low now?" asked Marco.
"There are two reasons," replied Forester. "It is late in the summer,
and the streams and springs are all low; so that there is but little
water to come down from the country above. Then, besides, the tide is
low this morning in the sea, and that causes what water there is in the
bed of the river to run off into the sea."
"Is not there any tide in the river?" asked Marco.
"No," said Forester, "I suppose there is not, strictly speaking. That
is, the moon, which attracts the waters of the ocean, and makes them
rise and fall in succession, produces no sensible effect upon the waters
of a river. But then the rise and fall of the sea itself causes all
rivers to rise and fall near their mouths, and as far up as the
influence of the sea extends. You see, in fact, that it must be so."
"Not exactly," said Marco.
"Why, when the water in the sea," continued Forester, "at the mouth of
the river is very low, the water in the river can flow off more readily,
and this makes the water fall in the river itself. On the other hand,
when the water in the sea is high, the water cannot run out from the
river, and so it rises. Sometimes, in fact, the sea rises so much that
the water from the sea flows up into the river, and makes it salt for a
considerable distance from its mouth."
"I wonder whether the water is salt here," said Marco.
"I don't know," said Forester.
"If we had a pail with a long rope to it," said Marco, "we could let it
down and get some, and try it."
"We could let the pail down, but I doubt very much whether we could get
any water," said Forester. "It is quite difficult to drop the pail in
such a manner as to get any water when the vessel is under way."
"I should like to _try_," said Marco.
"You can find out whether the water is salt easier than that," said
Forester. "You can let a twine string down, and wet the end. That will
take up enough for a taste."
"Well," said Marco, "if I've got a string long enough." So saying, he
began to feel in his pockets for a string.
He found a piece of twine, which he thought would be long enough, but,
on trial, it appeared that it would not reach quite to the water.
Forester then tied it to the end of his cane, and allowed Marco to take
the cane, and hold it over the side of the vessel; and by this means he
succeeded in reaching the water, and wetting the end of the string. He
could, after all, succeed in wetting only a small part of the string,
for it was drawn along so rapidly by the motion of the boat, that it
skipped upon the surface of the water without sinking in.
At length, however, after he had got the end a little wetted, he drew it
up and put it in his mouth.
"How does it taste?" said Forester.
The question was hardly necessary, for the _faces_ which Marco made
showed sufficiently plain that the water was bitter and salt.
"Yes, it is salt," said he. Then, suddenly casting his eye upon a long
dark-looking substance, which just then came floating by, he called out,
"Why, Forester, what is that?"
"A log," said Forester.
The log was round and straight, and the ends were square. The log glided
rapidly by, and soon disappeared.
"It is a pine log," said Forester. "There are vast forests of pine trees
in this state. They cut down the trees, and then cut the trunks into
pieces of moderate length, and draw them on the snow to the rivers.
Then, in the spring, the waters rise and float the logs down. This is
one of these logs floating down. Sometimes the river is quite full of
them."
"Where do they go?" asked Marco.
"Oh, men stop them all along the river, and put them into booms, and
then fasten them together in rafts."
"How do they fasten them together?" asked Marco.
"They drive a pin into the middle of each log, and then extend a rope
along, fastening it to each pin. In this manner, the rope holds the logs
together, and they form a long raft. When they catch the logs in booms,
they afterwards form them into rafts, and so float them down the river
to the mills, where they are to be sawed."
"Can men stand upon the rafts?" said Marco.
"Yes," replied Forester, "very well."
"They make a floor of boards, I suppose," said Marco.
"No," replied Forester; "they stand directly upon the logs."
"I should think the logs would sink under them," replied Marco, "or at
least roll about."
"They sink a little," replied Forester; "just about as much as the bulk
of the man who stands upon them."
"I don't know what you mean by that, exactly," said Marco.
"Why, the rule of floating bodies is this," rejoined Forester. "When any
substance, like a cake of ice, or a log of wood, or a boat, is floating
upon the water, a part of it being above the water and a part under the
water, if a man steps upon it, he makes it sink enough deeper to
submerge a part of the wood or ice as large as he is himself. If there
is just as much of the wood or ice above the water as is equal to the
bulk of the man, then the man, in stepping upon it, will sink it just to
the water's edge."
"But perhaps one man would be heavier than another man," said Marco.
"Yes," replied Forester; "but then he would be larger, and so, according
to the principle, he would make more wood sink before the equilibrium
was reached."
"What is _equilibrium_?" asked Marco.
"Equilibrium is an equality between two forces," replied Forester.
"I don't see what two forces there are," said Marco.
"There is the weight of the man pressing downwards," said Forester,
"for one, and the buoyant power of the water, that is, its upward
pressure, for the other. The weight of the man remains constantly the
same. But the upward pressure of the water increases in proportion as
the log sinks into it. For the deeper the log sinks into the water, the
more of it is submerged, and it is more acted upon and pressed upward by
the water. Now, as one of these forces remains constant, and the other
increases, they must at length come to be equal, that is, in
equilibrium; and then the log will not sink any farther. That's the
philosophy of it, Marco."
Marco did not reply, but sat looking at the barren and rocky shores of
the river, as the boat glided by them
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[Illustration: LA FAYETTE AND THE BRITISH AMBASSADOR.]
ST. NICHOLAS.
Vol. XIII. JULY, 1886. No. 9.
[Copyright, 1886, by THE CENTURY CO.]
LA FAYETTE.
By Mrs. Eugenia M. Hodge.
One hundred and nine years ago, in the month of February, 1777, a young
French guardsman ran away to sea.
And a most singular running away it was. He did not wish to be a sailor,
but he was so anxious to go that he bought a ship to run away in,--for he
was a very wealthy young man; and though he was only nineteen, he held a
commission as major-general in the armies of a land three thousand miles
away--a land he had never seen and the language of which he could not
speak. The King of France commanded him to remain at home; his friends and
relatives tried to restrain him; and even the representatives, or agents,
of the country in defense of which he desired to fight would not encourage
his purpose. And when the young man, while dining at the house of the
British Ambassador to France, openly avowed his sympathy with a downtrodden
people, and his determination to help them gain their freedom, the
Ambassador acted quickly. At his request, the rash young enthusiast was
arrested by the French Government, and orders were given to seize his ship,
which was awaiting him at Bordeaux. But ship and owner both slipped away,
and sailing from the port of Pasajes in Spain, the runaway, with eleven
chosen companions, was soon on the sea, bound for America, and beyond the
reach of both friends and foes.
On April 25, 1777, he landed at the little port of Georgetown, at the mouth
of the Great Pee Dee river in South Carolina; and from that day forward the
career of Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis de La Fayette,
has held a place in the history of America, and in the interest and
affection of the American people.
When he first arrived in the land for which he desired to fight, however,
he found but a cool reception. The Congress of the United States was poor,
and so many good and brave American officers who had proved their worth
were desirous of commissions as major-generals, that the commission
promised to this young Frenchman could not easily be put in force so far as
an actual command and a salary were concerned.
But the young general had come across the sea for a purpose, and money and
position were not parts of that purpose. He expressed his desire to serve
in the American army upon two very singular conditions, namely: that he
should receive no pay, and that he should act as a volunteer. The Congress
was so impressed with the enthusiasm and self-sacrifice of the young
Frenchman that, on July 31, 1777, it passed a resolution directing that
"his services be accepted and that, in consideration of his zeal,
illustrious family and connections, he have the rank and commission of a
Major-General of the United States."
General Washington was greatly attracted by the energy and earnestness of
the young nobleman. He took him into what was called his "military family,"
assigned him to special and honorable duty; and when the young volunteer
was wounded at the battle of Brandywine, the Commander-in-Chief praised his
"bravery and military ardor" so highly that the Congress gave La Fayette
the command of a division. Thus, before he was twenty, he was actually a
general, and already, as one historian says, he had "justified the boyish
rashness which his friends deplored and his sovereign resented, and had
acquired a place in history."
Notwithstanding General Washington's assertion to Congress that La Fayette
had made "great proficiency in our language," the young marquis's
pronunciation of English was far from perfect. French, Spanish, and Italian
were all familiar to him, but his English was not readily understood by the
men he was called upon to command. It was therefore necessary to find as
his aid-de-camp one who could quickly interpret the orders of his
commanding officer.
[Illustration: STATUE OF LA FAYETTE BY A. BARTHOLDI,--
UNION SQUARE, NEW-YORK CITY.]
Such an aid was at last found in the person of a certain young Connecticut
adjutant on the regimental staff of dashing Brigadier-General Wayne,--"Mad
Anthony" Wayne, the hero of Stony Point.
This young adjutant was of almost the same age as Lafayette; he had
received, what was rare enough in those old days, an excellent college
education, and he was said to be the only man in the American army who
could speak French and English equally well.
These young men, General La Fayette and his aid, grew very fond of each
other during an intimate acquaintance of nearly seven years. The French
mar
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PLAYS IN THE FOURTH SERIES
A BIT O' LOVE
By John Galsworthy
PERSONS OF THE PLAY
MICHAEL STRANGWAY
BEATRICE STRANGWAY
MRS. BRADMERE
JIM BERE
JACK CREMER
MRS. BURLACOMBE
BURLACOMBE
TRUSTAFORD
JARLAND
CLYST
FREMAN
GODLEIGH
SOL POTTER
MORSE, AND OTHERS
IVY BURLACOMBE
CONNIE TRUSTAFORD
GLADYS FREMAN
MERCY JARLAND
TIBBY JARLAND
BOBBIE JARLAND
SCENE: A VILLAGE OF THE WEST
The Action passes on Ascension Day.
ACT I. STRANGWAY'S rooms at BURLACOMBE'S. Morning.
ACT II. Evening
SCENE I. The Village Inn.
SCENE II. The same.
SCENE III. Outside the church.
ACT III. Evening
SCENE I. STRANGWAY'S rooms.
SCENE II. BURLACOMBE'S barn.
A BIT O' LOVE
ACT I
It is Ascension Day in a village of the West. In the low
panelled hall-sittingroom of the BURLACOMBE'S farmhouse on the
village green, MICHAEL STRANGWAY, a clerical collar round his
throat and a dark Norfolk jacket on his back, is playing the
flute before a very large framed photograph of a woman, which is
the only picture on the walls. His age is about thirty-five his
figure thin and very upright and his clean-shorn face thin,
upright, narrow, with long and rather pointed ears; his dark
hair is brushed in a coxcomb off his forehead. A faint smile
hovers about his lips that Nature has made rather full and he
has made thin, as though keeping a hard secret; but his bright
grey eyes, dark round the rim, look out and upwards almost as if
he were being crucified. There is something about the whole of
him that makes him seen not quite present. A gentle creature,
burnt within.
A low broad window above a window-seat forms the background to
his figure; and through its lattice panes are seen the outer
gate and yew-trees of a churchyard and the porch of a church,
bathed in May sunlight. The front door at right angles to the
window-seat, leads to the village green, and a door on the left
into the house.
It is the third movement of Veracini's violin sonata that
STRANGWAY plays. His back is turned to the door into the house,
and he does not hear when it is opened, and IVY BURLACOMBE, the
farmer's daughter, a girl of fourteen, small and quiet as a
mouse, comes in, a prayer-book in one hand, and in the other a
gloss of water, with wild orchis and a bit of deep pink
hawthorn. She sits down on the window-seat, and having opened
her book, sniffs at the flowers. Coming to the end of the
movement STRANGWAY stops, and looking up at the face on the
wall, heaves a long sigh.
IVY. [From the seat] I picked these for yu, Mr. Strangway.
STRANGWAY. [Turning with a start] Ah! Ivy. Thank you. [He puts
his flute down on a chair against the far wall] Where are the
others?
As he speaks, GLADYS FREMAN, a dark gipsyish girl, and CONNIE
TRUSTAFORD, a fair, stolid, blue-eyed Saxon, both about sixteen,
come in through the front door, behind which they have evidently
been listening. They too have prayer-books in their hands.
They sidle past Ivy, and also sit down under the window.
GLADYS. Mercy's comin', Mr. Strangway.
STRANGWAY. Good morning, Gladys; good morning, Connie.
He turns to a book-case on a table against the far
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SERAPHITA
By Honore De Balzac
Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley
DEDICATION
To Madame Eveline de Hanska, nee Comtesse Rzewuska.
Madame,--Here is the work which you asked of me. I am happy, in
thus dedicating it, to offer you a proof of the respectful
affection you allow me to bear you. If I am reproached for
impotence in this attempt to draw from the depths of mysticism a
book which seeks to give, in the lucid transparency of our
beautiful language, the luminous poesy of the Orient, to you the
blame! Did you not command this struggle (resembling that of
Jacob) by telling me that the most imperfect sketch of this
Figure, dreamed of by you, as it has been by me since childhood,
would still be something to you?
Here, then, it is,--that something. Would that this book could
belong exclusively to noble spirits, preserved like yours from
worldly pettiness by solitude! THEY would know how to give to it
the melodious rhythm that it lacks, which might have made it, in
the hands of a poet, the glorious epic that France still awaits.
But from me they must accept it as one of those sculptured
balustrades, carved by a hand of faith, on which the pilgrims
lean, in the choir of some glorious church, to think upon the end
of man.
I am, madame, with respect,
Your devoted servant,
De Balzac.
SERAPHITA
CHAPTER I. SERAPHITUS
As the eye glances over a map of the coasts of Norway, can the
imagination fail to marvel at their fantastic indentations and serrated
edges, like a granite lace
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material from the Google Print project.)
THE SEXUAL LIFE OF
THE CHILD
By
Dr. Albert Moll
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY
DR. EDEN PAUL
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
EDWARD L. THORNDIKE
PROFESSOR OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
NEW YORK
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1919
_All rights reserved_
COPYRIGHT, 1912,
BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped. Published June, 1912.
NORWOOD PRESS
J. S. Cushing Co.--Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
INTRODUCTION
Dr. Moll is a gifted physician of long experience whose work with those
problems of medicine and hygiene which demand scientific acquaintance
with human nature has made him well known to experts in these fields. In
this book he has undertaken to describe the origin and development, in
childhood and youth, of the acts and feelings due to sex; to explain the
forces by which sex-responses are directed and misdirected; and to judge
the wisdom of existing and proposed methods of preventing the
degradation of a child's sexual life.
This difficult task is carried out, as it should be, with dignity and
frankness. In spite of the best intentions, a scientific book on
sex-psychology is likely to appear, at least in spots, to gratify a low
curiosity; but in Dr. Moll's book there is no such t
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material from the Google Print project.)
Scientific and Religious Journal.
VOL. I. DECEMBER, 1880. NO. 12.
IS THE SINNER A MORAL AGENT IN HIS CONVERSION?
There are a great many questions asked upon the subject of conversion,
and as many answers given as there are theories of religion, and many
persons listening to men's theories upon this subject are left in doubt
and darkness in reference to what is and is not conversion. You ask the
Mormons, who fully believe their theory of conversion, and they will
refer you to their own experience and the experience of the loyal,
self-sacrificing devotees of their faith. Ask the Roman Catholic and he
will give you an answer corresponding with his theory of religion. All
Protestant parties give you their experience, and refer you to their
loyal and self-sacrificing brethren for the truthfulness of their
theories of conversion. In the midst of this conflict and medley of
contradictions what are we to do? Shall we accept their experience as
the infallible rule by which to determine the right from the wrong in
matters pertaining to our present and eternal salvation? A strange rule,
in view of the great contrariety of opinions and our liability to be
misled. It would justify Mother Eve, she being deceived. But "she was
found in the transgression." We may be deceived and found in
transgression. This strange rule would justify Saul; for he verily
thought he ought to do many things contrary to Jesus, which things he
did, and did them in all good conscience towards God and man, yet he was
a blasphemer and injurious. The Master, in view of our liability to be
deceived, gave us a rule of conduct in reference to our communications
in these words: "Let your communications be yea, yea, and nay, nay." It
requires heroism and manhood, which is the highest degree of moral
courage, to say nay where questions of personal interest are involved.
The rule in reference to God's word is different, being based upon his
immutability and perfections. He is not deceived, not misled, not
mistaken. Paul says in reference to the word of God, which was preached
by himself, Sylvanus and Timotheus: "Our word toward you was not yea and
nay, but in him was yea, for all the promises of God in Christ are yea,
and in him amen unto the glory of God by us." 2 Cor. 1, 18-20. "Let God
be true though every man be a liar," was in the times of the Apostles
and first Christians a rule which they had no hesitancy in affirming. A
moral agent is one who, with a knowledge of the right and wrong,
exercises the power of action. In conversion it is the exercise of the
power that begins conversion. If the sinner has not this power, then he
is not a moral agent in his conversion. All the differences among men
upon the subject of conversion grew out of their different notions of
God and of men. It is a matter of the greatest consequence to have
correct notions of God and of self. As conversion relates to both, wrong
notions of one will create wrong notions of the other. Those who have
been taught to debase themselves under the pretext of giving glory to
God, consider meanness and wrong as natural and inherent imperfections
of their being, and attributable to Father Adam and Mother Eve, and
neglect to exercise the powers at their command. Being taught that they
are unable to do anything to help themselves, they are left to throw the
work all back upon God or give it up in despair. If they throw it back
upon God, and regard themselves as passive recipients of the work of
conversion, then they must wrestle with God, for there is no use in
wrestling with the powerless one.
With this view of the subject the world's condition is incomprehensible,
and in direct conflict with the revealed character of God. We would
naturally suppose when we read that "God is not willing that any should
perish, but that all should come to repentance," that none would be
allowed to perish on account of any neglect upon the divine side. But
thousands do die in their sins. Do you say it is because of their great
wickedness? In what does wickedness consist?
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E-text prepared by Turgut Dincer, David E. Brown, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images
generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
Note: Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
https://archive.org/details/forstorytellerst00bail
Transcriber’s note:
Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_.
FOR THE STORY TELLER
* * * * * *
BOOKS BY
CAROLYN SHERWIN BAILEY
DAILY PROGRAM OF GIFT AND OCCUPATION WORK
FOR THE CHILDREN’S HOUR
FIRELIGHT STORIES
STORIES AND RHYMES FOR A CHILD
SONGS OF HAPPINESS
* * * * * *
FOR THE STORY TELLER
Story Telling and Stories to Tell
by
CAROLYN SHERWIN BAILEY
[Illustration]
1913
Milton Bradley Company
Springfield, Mass.
New York Boston Philadelphia Atlanta San Francisco
Copyright, 1913,
By Milton Bradley Company,
Springfield, Mass.
PREFACE
The new-old art of story telling is being rediscovered. We are finding
that the children’s daily story hour in school, in the neighborhood
house, and at home is a real force for mental and moral good in their
lives. We are learning that it is possible to educate children by means
of stories.
Story telling to be a developing factor in a child’s life must be
studied by the story teller. There are good stories and there are poor
stories for children. The story that fits a child’s needs to-day may
not prove a wise choice for him to-morrow. Some stories teach, some
stories only give joy, some stories inspire, some stories just make a
child laugh. Each of these story phases is important. To discover these
special types of stories, to fit stories to the individual child or
child group, and to make over stories for perfect telling has been my
aim in writing this book.
Through telling stories to many thousands of children and lecturing to
students I have found that story telling is a matter of psychology. The
pages that follow give my new theory of story telling to the teacher or
parent.
CAROLYN SHERWIN BAILEY.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE APPERCEPTIVE BASIS OF STORY TELLING 1
II. THE STORY WITH A SENSE APPEAL 23
III. WHEN THE CURTAIN RISES 41
IV. USING SUSPENSE TO DEVELOP CONCENTRATION 57
V. STORY CLIMAX 83
VI. TRAINING A CHILD’S MEMORY BY MEANS OF A STORY 105
VII. THE INSTINCT STORY 122
VIII. THE DRAMATIC STORY 142
IX. STORY TELLING AN AID TO VERBAL EXPRESSION 171
X. STIMULATING THE EMOTIONS BY MEANS OF A STORY 191
XI. IMAGINATION AND THE FAIRY STORY 212
XII. MAKING OVER STORIES 231
XIII. PLANNING STORY GROUPS 245
STORIES FOR TELLING
THE CAP THAT MOTHER MADE, adapted from Swedish Fairy Tales 8
GOODY TWO SHOES 16
THE THREE CAKES, from Monsieur Berquin’s L’Ami des Enfants 35
THE PRINCE’S VISIT, Horace E. Scudder 52
THE TRAVELS OF A FOX, Clifton Johnson 60
LITTLE LORNA DOONE, adapted from Richard Blackmore 68
LITTLE IN-A-MINUTE 76
OLD MAN RABBIT’S THANKSGIVING DINNER 92
THE GREAT STONE FACE, adapted from Nathaniel Hawthorne 98
LITTLE TUK, Hans Christian Andersen 115
THE SELFISH GIANT, Oscar Wilde 133
THE GINGERBREAD BOY (dramatized), Carolyn Sherwin Bailey 153
THE TOWN MOUSE AND THE COUNTRY MOUSE (dramatized),
Carolyn Sherwin Bailey 163
THE WOODPECKER WHO WAS SELFISH, adapted from an Indian Folk Tale 181
THE LITTLE RABBIT WHO WANTED RED WINGS, adapted from a
Southern Folk Tale 185
THE LITTLE LAME PRINCE, adapted from Miss Mulock 201
THE BLUE ROBIN, Mary Wilkins Freeman 219
THE GIR
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Observations on the Effects of the Corn Laws,
and of a Rise or Fall in the Price of Corn on the Agriculture
and General Wealth of the Country
by the Rev. T.R. Malthus,
Professor of Political Economy at the
East India College, Hertfordshire.
London: Printed for J. Johnson and Co., St. Paul's Church-Yard.
1814.
Observations, &c. &c.
A revision of the corn laws, it is understood, is immediately to
come under the consideration of the legislature. That the decision
on such a subject, should be founded on a correct and enlightened
view of the whole question, will be allowed to be of the utmost
importance, both with regard to the stability of the measures to be
adopted, and the effects to be expected from them.
For an attempt to contribute to the stock of information necessary
to form such a decision, no apology can be necessary. It may seem
indeed probable, that but little further light can be thrown on a
subject, which, owing to the system adopted in this country, has
been so frequently the topic of discussion; but, after the best
consideration which I have been able to give it, I own, it appears
to me, that some important considerations have been neglected on
both sides of the question, and that the effects of the corn laws,
and of a rise or fall in the price of corn, on the agriculture and
general wealth of the state, have not yet been fully laid before the
public.
If this be true, I cannot help attributing it in some degree to the
very peculiar argument brought forward by Dr Smith, in his
discussion of the bounty upon the exportation of corn. Those who are
conversant with the Wealth of nations, will be aware, that its great
author has, on this occasion, left entirely in the background the
broad, grand, and almost unanswerable arguments, which the general
principles of political economy furnish in abundance against all
systems of bounties and restrictions, and has only brought forwards,
in a prominent manner, one which, it is intended, should apply to
corn alone. It is not surprising that so high an authority should
have had the effect of attracting the attention of the advocates of
each side of the question, in an especial manner, to this particular
argument. Those who have maintained the same cause with Dr Smith,
have treated it nearly in the same way; and, though they may have
alluded to the other more general and legitimate arguments against
bounties and restrictions, have almost universally seemed to place
their chief reliance on the appropriate and particular argument
relating to the nature of corn.
On the other hand, those who have taken the opposite side of the
question, if they have imagined that they had combated this
particular argument with success, have been too apt to consider the
point as determined, without much reference to the more weighty and
important arguments, which remained behind.
Among the latter description of persons I must rank myself. I have
always thought, and still think, that this peculiar argument of Dr
Smith, is fundamentally erroneous, and that it cannot be maintained
without violating the great principles of supply and demand, and
contradicting the general spirit and scope of the reasonings, which
pervade the Wealth of nations.
But I am most ready to confess, that, on a former occasion, when I
considered the corn laws, my attention was too much engrossed by
this one peculiar view of the subject, to give the other arguments,
which belong to it, their due weight.
I am anxious to correct an error, of which I feel conscious. It is
not however my intention, on the present occasion, to express an
opinion on the general question. I shall only endeavour to state,
with the strictest impartiality, what appear to me to be the
advantages and disadvantages of each system, in the actual
circumstances of our present situation, and what are the specific
consequences, which may be expected to result from the adoption of
either. My main object is to assist in affording the materials for a
just and enlightened decision; and, whatever that decision may be,
to prevent disappointment, in the event of the effects of the
measure not being such as were previously contemplated. Nothing
would tend so powerfully to bring the general principles of
political economy into disrepute, and to prevent their spreading, as
their being supported upon any occasion by reasoning, which constant
and unequivocal experience should afterwards prove to be fallacious.
We must begin, therefore, by an inquiry into the truth of Dr Smith's
argument, as we cannot with propriety proceed to the main question,
till this preliminary point is settled.
The substance of his argument is, that corn is of so peculiar a
nature, that its real price cannot be raised by an increase of its
money price; and that, as it is clearly an increase of real price
alone which can encourage its production, the rise of money price,
occasioned by a bounty, can have no such effect.
It is by no means intended to deny the powerful influence of the
price of corn upon the price of labour, on an average of a
considerable number of years; but that this influence is not such as
to prevent the movement of capital to, or from the land, which is
the precise point in question, will be made sufficiently evident by
a short inquiry into the manner in which labour is paid and brought
into the market, and by a consideration of the consequences to which
the assumption of Dr Smith's proposition would inevitably lead.
In the first place, if we inquire into the expenditure of the
labouring classes of society, we shall find, that it by no means
consists wholly in food, and still less, of course, in mere bread or
grain. In looking over that mine of information, for everything
relating to prices and labour, Sir Frederick Morton Eden's work on
the poor, I find, that in a labourer's family of about an average
size, the articles of house rent, fuel, soap, candles, tea, sugar,
and clothing, are generally equal to the articles of bread or meal.
On a very rough estimate, the whole may be divided into five parts,
of which two consist of meal or bread, two of the articles above
mentioned, and one of meat, milk, butter, cheese, and potatoes.
These divisions are, of course, subject to considerable variations,
arising from the number of the family, and the amount of the
earnings. But if they merely approximate towards the truth, a rise
in the price of corn must be both slow and partial in its effects
upon labour. Meat, milk, butter, cheese, and potatoes are slowly
affected by the price of corn; house rent, bricks, stone, timber,
fuel, soap, candles, and clothing, still more slowly; and, as far as
some of them depend, in part or in the whole, upon foreign materials
(as is the case with leather, linen, cottons, soap, and candles),
they may be considered as independent of it; like the two remaining
articles of tea and sugar, which are by no means unimportant in
their amount.
It is manifest therefore that the whole of the wages of labour can
never rise and fall in proportion to the variations in the price of
grain. And that the effect produced by these variations, whatever
may be its amount, must be very slow in its operation, is proved by
the manner in which the supply of labour takes place; a point, which
has been by no means sufficiently attended to.
Every change in the prices of commodities, if left to find their
natural level, is occasioned by some change, actual or expected, in
the state of the demand or supply. The reason why the consumer pays
a tax upon any manufactured commodity, or an advance in the price of
any of its component parts, is because, if he cannot or will not pay
this advance of price, the commodity will not be supplied in the
same quantity as before; and the next year there will only be such a
proportion in the market, as is accommodated to the number of
persons who will consent to pay the tax. But, in the case of labour,
the operation of withdrawing the commodity is much slower and more
painful. Although the purchasers refuse to pay the advanced price,
the same supply will necessarily remain in the market, not only the
next year, but for some years to come. Consequently, if no increase
take place in the demand, and the advanced price of provisions be
not so great, as to make it obvious that the labourer cannot support
his family, it is probable, that he will continue to pay this
advance, till a relaxation in the rate of the increase of population
causes the market to be under-supplied with labour; and then, of
course, the competition among the purchasers will raise the price
above the proportion of the advance, in order to restore the supply.
In the same manner, if an advance in the price of labour has taken
place during two or three years of great scarcity, it is probable
that, on the return of plenty, the real recompense of labour will
continue higher than the usual average, till a too rapid increase of
population causes a competition among the labourers, and a
consequent diminution of the price of labour below the usual rate.
This account of the manner in which the price of corn may be
expected to operate upon the price of labour, according to the laws
which regulate the progress of population, evidently shows, that
corn and labour rarely keep an even pace together; but must often be
separated at a sufficient distance and for a sufficient time, to
change the direction of capital.
As a further confirmation of this truth, it may be useful to
consider, secondly, the consequences to which the assumption of Dr
Smith's proposition would inevitably lead.
If we suppose, that the real price of corn is unchangeable, or not
capable of experiencing a relative increase or decrease of value,
compared with labour and other commodities, it will follow, that
agriculture is at once excluded from the operation of that
principle, so beautifully explained and illustrated by Dr Smith, by
which capital flows from one employment to another, according to the
various and necessarily fluctuating wants of society. It will follow,
that the growth of corn has, at all times, and in all countries,
proceeded with a uniform unvarying pace, occasioned only by the
equable increase of agricultural capital, and can never have been
accelerated, or retarded, by variations of demand. It will follow,
that if a country happened to be either overstocked or understocked
with corn, no motive of interest could exist for withdrawing capital
from agriculture, in the one case, or adding to it in the other, and
thus restoring the equilibrium between its different kinds of
produce. But these consequences, which would incontestably follow
from the doctrine, that the price of corn immediately and entirely
regulates the prices of labour and of all other commodities, are so
directly contrary to all experience, that the doctrine itself cannot
possibly be true; and we may be assured, that, whatever influence
the price of corn may have upon other commodities, it is neither so
immediate nor so complete, as to make this kind of produce an
exception to all others.
That no such exception exists with regard to corn, is implied in all
the general reasonings of the Wealth of nations. Dr Smith evidently
felt this; and wherever, in consequence, he does not shift the
question from the exchangeable value of corn to its physical
properties, he speaks with an unusual want of precision, and
qualifies his positions by the expressions much, and in any
considerable degree. But it should be recollected, that, with these
qualifications, the argument is brought forward expressly for the
purpose of showing, that the rise of price, acknowledged to be
occasioned by a bounty, on its first establishment, is nominal and
not real. Now, what is meant to be distinctly asserted here is, that
a rise of price occasioned by a bounty upon the exportation or
restrictions upon the importation of corn, cannot be less real than
a rise of price to the same amount, occasioned by a course of bad
seasons, an increase of population, the rapid progress of commercial
wealth, or any other natural cause; and that, if Dr Smith's
argument, with its qualifications, be valid for the purpose for
which it is advanced, it applies equally to an increased price
occasioned by a natural demand.
Let us suppose, for instance, an increase in the demand and the
price of corn, occasioned by an unusually prosperous state of our
manufactures and foreign commerce; a fact which has frequently come
within our own experience. According to the principles of supply and
demand, and the general principles of the Wealth of nations, such an
increase in the price of corn would give a decided stimulus to
agriculture; and a more than usual quantity of capital would be laid
out upon the land, as appears obviously to have been the case in
this country during the last twenty years. According to the peculiar
argument of Dr Smith, however, no such stimulus could have been
given to agriculture. The rise in the price of corn would have been
immediately followed by a proportionate rise in the price of labour
and of all other commodities; and, though the farmer and landlord
might have obtained, on an average, seventy five shillings a quarter
for their corn, instead of sixty, yet the farmer would not have been
enabled to cultivate better, nor the landlord to live better. And
thus it would appear, that agriculture is beyond the operation of
that principle, which distributes the capital of a nation according
to the varying profits of stock in different employments; and that
no increase of price can, at any time or in any country, materially
accelerate the growth of corn, or determine a greater quantity of
capital to agriculture.
The experience of every person, who sees what is going forward on
the land, and the feelings and conduct both of farmers and
landlords, abundantly contradict this reasoning.
Dr Smith was evidently led into this train of argument, from his
habit of considering labour as the standard measure of value, and
corn as the measure of labour. But, that corn is a very inaccurate
measure of labour, the history of our own country will amply
demonstrate; where labour, compared with corn, will be found to have
experienced very great and striking variations, not only from year
to year, but from century to century; and for ten, twenty, and
thirty years together;(1*) and that neither labour nor any other
commodity can be an accurate measure of real value in exchange, is
now considered as one of the most incontrovertible doctrines of
political economy, and indeed follows, as a necessary consequence,
from the very definition of value in exchange. But to allow that
corn regulates the prices of all commodities, is at once to erect it
into a standard measure of real value in exchange; and we must
either deny the truth of Dr Smith's argument, or acknowledge, that
what seems to be quite impossible is found to exist; and that a
given quantity of corn, notwithstanding the fluctuations to which
its supply and demand must be subject, and the fluctuations to which
the supply and demand of all the other commodities with which it is
compared must also be subject, will, on the average of a few years,
at all times and in all countries, purchase the same quantity of
labour and of the necessaries and conveniences of life.
There are two obvious truths in political economy, which have not
infrequently been the sources of error.
It is undoubtedly true, that corn might be just as successfully
cultivated, and as much capital might be laid out upon the land, at
the price of twenty shillings a quarter, as at the price of one
hundred shillings, provided that every commodity, both at home and
abroad, were precisely proportioned to the reduced scale. In the
same manner as it is strictly true, that the industry and capital of
a nation would be exactly the same (with the slight exception at
least of plate), if, in every exchange, both at home or abroad, one
shilling only were used, where five are used now.
But to infer, from these truths, that any natural or artificial
causes, which should raise or lower the values of corn or silver,
might be considered as matters of indifference, would be an error of
the most serious magnitude. Practically, no material change can take
place in the value of either, without producing both lasting and
temporary effects, which have a most powerful influence on the
distribution of property, and on the demand and supply of particular
commodities. The discovery of the mines of America, during the time
that it raised the price of corn between three and four times, did
not nearly so much as double the price of labour; and, while it
permanently diminished the power of all fixed incomes, it gave a
prodigious increase of power to all landlords and capitalists. In a
similar manner, the fall in the price of corn, from whatever cause
it took place, which occurred towards the middle of the last
century, accompanied as it was by a rise, rather than a fall in the
price of labour, must have given a great relative check to the
employment of capital upon the land, and a great relative stimulus
to population; a state of things precisely calculated to produce the
reaction afterwards experienced, and to convert us from an exporting
to an importing nation.
It is by no means sufficient for Dr Smith's argument, that the price
of corn should determine the price of labour under precisely the
same circumstances of supply and demand. To make it applicable to
his purpose, he must show, in addition, that a natural or artificial
rise in the price of corn, or in the value of silver, will make no
alteration in the state of property, and in the supply and demand
of corn and labour; a position which experience uniformly
contradicts.
Nothing then can be more evident both from theory and experience,
than that the price of corn does not immediately and generally
regulate the prices of labour and all other commodities; and that
the real price of corn is capable of varying for periods of
sufficient length to give a decided stimulus or discouragement to
agriculture. It is, of course, only to a temporary encouragement or
discouragement, that any commodity, where the competition is free,
can be subjected. We may increase the capital employed either upon
the land or in the cotton manufacture, but it is impossible
permanently to raise the profits of farmers or particular
manufacturers above the level of other profits; and, after the
influx of a certain quantity of capital, they will necessarily be
equalized. Corn, in this respect, is subjected to the
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A
SOLEMN CAUTION
AGAINST THE
TEN HORNS OF CALVINISM.
BY PHILALETHES,
LATELY ESCAPED.
FOURTH EDITION, CORRECTED.
And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and I saw a beast rise up out
of the sea, having seven heads and Ten Horns. Rev. xiii. 1.
LEEDS:
PRINTED BY JAMES NICHOLS, 36, BRIGGATE, AND SOLD BY OTHER
BOOKSELLERS.
1819.
TO
THE REV. JOHN WESLEY.
Reverend Sir,
THE author of the following strictures hopes your candour will
pardon his addressing you in this public manner. Who he is, or what
he is, signifies very little; only he begs leave to intimate, that
he hopes he is a follower of that Saviour who "gave himself a ransom
for all." He was convinced when young in years, in a great measure,
by reading "Alleine's Alarm;" and the Calvinists being the only
professing people near him, he soon got acquainted with them, and
was, for some time, in their connexion. Being young in years,
experience, and knowledge, he saw with their eyes, and heard with
their ears; yet not without many scruples concerning the truth of
several of their tenets. Sometimes he proposed his doubts, yet
seldom had much satisfaction; but rather was a little brow-beaten
for being muddy-headed. He often paused, and pondered, and read, and
rubbed his head, and wondered what he ailed. Cole on "God's
Sovereignty" was put into his hands to clear his dull head, and make
him quite orthodox; but still he could not see how God could be just
in condemning men for exactly doing what he had decreed them to do.
After many conflicts, your little piece, entitled, "Predestination
Calmly Considered" fell into his hands; he read it over with that
attention which both the doctrine and performance deserve; and never
had a doubt, from that day to this, that God is loving to every man.
You will, dear sir, excuse the liberty which he has taken in
recommending that little useful piece, as well as some others, which
are published in your catalogue. But, perhaps, you will say, "Who
hath required this performance at your hands? Are there not already
better books written upon the subject than yours?" He answers, Yes;
there are books much better written: They are really written too
well for the generality of readers. He wanted to adapt something to
the genius and pockets of the people. The generality of such as
profess religion are poor, and have little time, little capacity,
little money. If they read and understand this, perhaps they may be
capable of relishing something better. However, the writer throws in
his mite, and hopes it will be acceptable. In the meantime may you,
who have much to cast into the divine treasury, go on and abound
until you finish your course with joy. I am, Reverend Sir, your
obedient and humble servant,
THE AUTHOR.
_December_ 5_th_, 1779.
A
SOLEMN CAUTION,
_&c._
When the forerunner of our blessed Lord came preaching his
dispensation among men, it is said, "the same came for a witness, to
bear witness of the light, that all men through him might believe.
He was not the light, but was sent to bear witness of the light.
That was the true light which lighteth every man which cometh into
the world." It is farther added, "this is the condemnation, that
light is come into the world, but men love darkness rather than
light."
One would think such express testimonies were sufficient to convince
any man who attentively considers what is here spoken, and who spake
these words, "that Christ tasted death for every man;" and that he
"would have all men to be saved, and come to the knowledge of the
truth." Yet it is well known, men have found the art of torturing
these and many other scriptures to death, so as to leave neither
life nor meaning in them. For many years I did not see the bad
tendency which unconditional predestination has; for though I was
convinced that it was not a scriptural doctrine, yet knowing some
who held it to be gracious souls, I was ready to conclude that all
or the greater part were thus happily inconsistent, and so, contrary
to the genius and tendency
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_NEW SIX SHILLING NOVELS._
THE BLUE LAGOON. By H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
EVE'S APPLE. By ALPHONSE COURLANDER.
PARADISE COURT. By J. S. FLETCHER.
THE TRAITOR'S WIFE. By W. H. WILLIAMSON.
MAROZIA. By A. G. HALES.
LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN.
THE WOMAN WHO VOWED
(THE DEMETRIAN)
BY
ELLISON HARDING
[Illustration]
LONDON
T. FISHER UNWIN
ADELPHI TERRACE
MCMVIII
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. A Goddess and a Comic Song 7
II. Harvesting and Harmony 21
III. The Cult of Demeter 37
IV. Anna of Ann 53
V. Irene 63
VI. Neaera 77
VII. A Tragic Denouement 94
VIII. How the Cult was Founded 101
IX. How It Might be Undermined 119
X. An Unexpected Solution 127
XI. The Plot Thickens 135
XII. Neaera's Idea of Diplomacy 144
XIII. Neaera Makes New Arrangements 150
XIV. "I Consented" 162
XV. The High Priest of Demeter 171
XVI. Anna's Secret 183
XVII. Designs on Anna of Ann 190
XVIII. A Dream 200
XIX. The Legislature Meets 207
XX. On Flavors and Finance 219
XXI. The Investigating Committee 226
XXII. "Treasons, Stratagems, and Spoils" 238
XXIII. A Libel 249
XXIV. Neaera Again 259
XXV. The Libel Investigated 266
XXVI. The Election 285
XXVII. The Joint Session 293
XXVIII. Lydia to the Rescue 302
Conclusion 315
THE DEMETRIAN
CHAPTER I
A GODDESS AND A COMIC SONG
I remember awakening with a start, conscious of a face bending over me
that was beautiful and strange.
I was quite unable to account for myself, and my surprise was heightened
by the singular dress of the woman I saw. It was Greek--not of modern
but of ancient Greece.
What had happened? Had I been acting in a Greek play and been stunned by
an accident to the scenery? No; the grass upon which I was lying was
damp, and a sharp twinge between the shoulders told me I had been there
already too long. What, then, was the meaning of this classic dress?
I raised myself on one arm; and the young woman who had been kneeling
beside me arose also. I was dazed, and shaded my eyes from the sun on
the horizon--whether setting or rising I could not tell. I fixed my eyes
upon the feet of my companion; they were curiously shod in soft
leather, for cleanliness rather than for protection; tightly laced from
the toe to the ankle and half way up the leg--half-moccasin and
half-cothurnus. I fixed my eyes upon them and slowly became quite sure
that I was alive and awake, but seemed still dazed and unwilling to look
up. Presently she spoke.
"Are you ill?" she asked.
"I don't think so," answered I, as I lifted my eyes to
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Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
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See 35120-h.htm or 35120-h.zip:
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Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See
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Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by tilde characters is in bold face (~bold~).
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
An underscore followed by a letter enclosed in curly braces
indicates that the enclosed letter is a subscript. (Example:
C_{b} indicates that the "b" is a subscript).
READINGS IN MONEY AND BANKING
* * * * *
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK. BOSTON. CHICAGO. DALLAS
ATLANTA. SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO. LIMITED
LONDON. BOMBAY. CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA. LTD.
TORONTO
* * * * *
READINGS IN MONEY AND BANKING
Selected And Adapted
by
CHESTER ARTHUR PHILLIPS
Assistant Professor of Economics in Dartmouth College
and Assistant Professor of Banking in the Amos
Tuck School of Administration and Finance
New York
The Macmillan Company
1921
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 1916
By the Macmillan Company
Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1916.
Ferris Printing Company
New York City
PREFACE
Designed mainly for class room use in connection with one of the
introductory manuals on the subject of Money and Banking or of Money and
Currency, this volume, _in itself_, lays no claim to completeness. Where
its use is contemplated the problems of emphasis and proportion are,
accordingly, to be solved by the selection of one or another of the
available texts, or by the choice of supplementary lecture topics and
materials. The contents of the introductory manuals are so divergent in
character as to render possible combinations of text and readings that
will include, it is hoped, matter of such range and variety as may be
desired.
Fullness of treatment has been attempted, however, in the chapters
dealing with the important recent developments in the "mechanism of
exchange," and my aim has been throughout to select and, in many
instances, to adapt with a view to meeting the wants of those who are
interested chiefly in the modern phases of the subject.
For valuable suggestions in the preparation of the volume I am greatly
indebted to Professors F. H. Dixon and G. R. Wicker and Mr. J. M.
Shortliffe of Dartmouth, Professor Hastings Lyon of Columbia, Professor
E. E. Day of Harvard, and to my former teacher, Professor F. R.
Fairchild of Yale. I desire also to mention my great obligation to
authors and publishers who alike have generously permitted the
reproduction of copyrighted material.
CHESTER ARTHUR PHILLIPS.
Dartmouth College,
Hanover, N. H., July, 1916.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I THE ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONS OF MONEY 1
II THE EARLY HISTORY OF MONEY 10
III QUALITIES OF THE MATERIAL OF MONEY 18
IV LEGAL TENDER 26
V THE GREENBACK ISSUES 33
VI INTERNATIONAL BIMETALLISM 71
VII THE SILVER QUESTION IN THE UNITED STATES 82
VIII INDEX NUMBERS 115
IX BANKING OPERATIONS AND ACCOUNTS 121
X THE USE OF CREDIT INSTRUMENTS IN PAYMENTS
IN THE UNITED STATES 150
XI A SYMPOSIUM ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MONEY
AND GENERAL PRICES 159
XII THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD 213
XIII A PLAN FOR A COMPENSATED DOLLAR 229
XIV MONETARY SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES 246
XV THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF TRUST COMPANIES 256
XVI SAVINGS BANKS 270
XVII DOMESTIC EXCHANGE 290
XVIII FOREIGN EXCHANGE 305
XIX CLEARING HOUSES
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THYRZA
by
GEORGE GISSING
CONTENTS
I AMONG THE HILLS
II THE IDEALIST
III A CORNER OF LAMBETH
IV THYRZA SINGS
V A LAND OF TWILIGHT
VI DISINHERITED
VII THE WORK IN PROGRESS
VIII A CLASP OF HANDS
IX A GOLDEN PROSPECT
X TEMPTING FORTUNE
XI A MAN WITH A FUTURE
XII LIGHTS AND SHADOWS
XIII THYRZA SINGS AGAIN
XIV MISTS
XV A SECOND VISIT TO WALNUT TREE WALK
XVI SEA MUSIC
XVII ADRIFT
XVIII DRAWING NEARER
XIX A SONG WITHOUT WORDS
XX RAPIDS
XXI MISCHIEF AFOOT
XXII GOOD-BYE
XXIII CONFESSION
XXIV THE END OF THE DREAM
XXV A BIRD OF THE AIR
XXVI IDEALIST AND HIS FRIEND
XXVII FOUND
XXVIII HOPE SURPRISED
XXIX TOGETHER AGAIN
XXX MOVEMENTS
XXXI AN OLD MAN'S REST
XXXII TOTTY'S LUCK
XXXIII THE HEART AND ITS SECRET
XXXIV A LOAN ON SECURITY
XXXV THREE LETTERS
XXXVI THYRZA WAITS
XXXVII A FRIENDLY OFFICE
XXXVIII THE TRUTH
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THE CHILD OF THE DAWN
By ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER BENSON
FELLOW OF MAGDALENE COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE
[Greek: edu ti tharsaleais ton makron teiein bion elpisin]
Author of THE UPTON LETTERS, FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW, BESIDE STILL WATERS,
THE ALTAR FIRE, THE SCHOOLMASTER, AT LARGE, THE GATE OF DEATH, THE
SILENT ISLE, JOHN RUSKIN, LEAVES OF THE TREE, CHILD OF THE DAWN, PAUL
THE MINSTREL
1912
To MY BEST AND DEAREST FRIEND
HERBERT FRANCIS WILLIAM TATHAM
IN LOVE AND HOPE
INTRODUCTION
I think that a book like the following, which deals with a subject so
great and so mysterious as our hope of immortality, by means of an
allegory or fantasy, needs a few words of preface, in order to clear
away at the outset any misunderstandings which may possibly arise in a
reader's mind. Nothing is further from my wish than to attempt any
philosophical or ontological exposition of what is hidden behind the
veil of death. But one may be permitted to deal with the subject
imaginatively or poetically, to translate hopes into visions, as I have
tried to do.
The fact that underlies the book is this: that in the course of a very
sad and strange experience--an illness which lasted for some two years,
involving me in a dark cloud of dejection--I came to believe
practically, instead of merely theoretically, in the personal
immortality of the human soul. I was conscious, during the whole time,
that though the physical machinery of the nerves was out of gear, the
soul and the mind remained, not only intact, but practically unaffected
by the disease, imprisoned, like a bird in a cage, but perfectly free in
themselves, and uninjured by the bodily weakness which enveloped them.
This was not all. I was led to perceive that I had been living life
with an entirely distorted standard of values; I had been ambitious,
covetous, eager for comfort and respect, absorbed in trivial dreams and
childish fancies. I saw, in the course of my illness, that what really
mattered to the soul was the relation in which it stood to other souls;
that affection was the native air of the spirit; and that anything which
distracted the heart from the duty of love was a kind of bodily
delusion, and simply hindered the spirit in its pilgrimage.
It is easy to learn this, to attain to a sense of certainty about it,
and yet to be unable to put it into practice as simply and frankly as
one desires to do! The body grows strong again and reasserts itself; but
the blessed consciousness of a great possibility apprehended and grasped
remains.
There came to me, too, a sense that one of the saddest effects of
what is practically a widespread disbelief in immortality, which
affects many people who would nominally disclaim it, is that we think
of the soul after death as a thing so altered as to be practically
unrecognisable--as a meek and pious emanation, without qualities or aims
or passions or traits--as a sort of amiable and weak-kneed sacristan in
the temple of God; and this is the unhappy result of our so often making
religion a pursuit apart from life--an occupation, not an atmosphere; so
that it seems impious to think of the departed spirit as interested in
anything but a vague species of liturgical exercise.
I read the other day the account of the death-bed of a great statesman,
which was written from what I may call a somewhat clerical point of
view. It was recorded with much gusto that the dying politician took no
interest in his schemes of government and cares of State, but found
perpetual solace in the repetition of childish hymns. This fact had, or
might have had, a certain beauty of its own, if it had been expressly
stated that it was a proof that the tired and broken mind fell back upon
old, simple, and dear recollections of bygone love. But there was
manifest in the record a kind of sanctimonious triumph in the extinction
of all the great man's insight and wisdom. It seemed to me that the
right treatment of the episode was rather to insist that those great
qualities, won by brave experience and unselfish effort, were only
temporarily obscured, and belonged actually and essentially to the
spirit of the man; and that if heaven is indeed, as we may thankfully
believe, a place of work and progress, those qualities would be actively
and energetically employed as soon as the soul was freed from the
trammels of the failing body.
Another point may also be mentioned. The idea of transmigration and
reincarnation is here used as a possible solution for the extreme
difficulties which beset the question of the apparently fortuitous
brevity of some human lives. I do not, of course, propound it as
literally and precisely as it is here set down--it is not a forecast of
the future, so much as a symbolising of the forces of life--but _the
renewal of conscious experience_, in some form or other, seems to be the
only way out of the difficulty, and it is that which is here indicated.
If life is a probation for those who have to face experience and
temptation, how can it be a probation for infants and children, who die
before the faculty of moral choice is developed? Again, I find it very
hard to believe in any multiplication of human souls. It is even more
difficult for me to believe in the creation of new souls than in the
creation of new matter. Science has shown us that there is no actual
addition made to the sum of matter, and that the apparent creation of
new forms of plants or animals is nothing more than a rearrangement of
existing particles--that if a new form appears in one place, it merely
means that so much matter is transferred thither from another place. I
find it, I say, hard to believe that the sum total of life is actually
increased. To put it very simply for the sake of clearness, and
accepting the assumption that human life had some time a beginning on
this planet, it seems impossible to think that when, let us say, the two
first progenitors of the race died, there were but two souls in heaven;
that when the next generation died there were, let us say, ten souls in
heaven; and that this number has been added to by thousands and
millions, until the unseen world is peopled, as it must be now, if no
reincarnation is possible, by myriads of human identities, who, after
a single brief taste of incarnate life, join some vast community of
spirits in which they eternally reside. I do not say that this latter
belief may not be true; I only say that in default of evidence, it seems
to me a difficult faith to hold; while a reincarnation of spirits, if
one could believe it, would seem to me both to equalise the inequalities
of human experience, and give one a lively belief in the virtue and
worth of human endeavour. But all this is set down, as I say, in a
tentative and not in a philosophical form.
And I have also in these pages kept advisedly clear of Christian
doctrines and beliefs; not because I do not believe wholeheartedly in
the divine origin and unexhausted vitality of the Christian revelation,
but because I do not intend to lay rash and profane hands upon the
highest and holiest of mysteries.
I will add one word about the genesis of the book. Some time ago I
wrote a number of short tales of an allegorical type. It was a curious
experience. I seemed to have come upon them in my mind, as one comes
upon a covey of birds in a field. One by one they took wings and flew;
and when I had finished, though I was anxious to write more tales, I
could not discover any more, though I beat the covert patiently to
dislodge them.
This particular tale rose unbidden in my mind. I was never conscious
of creating any of its incidents. It seemed to be all there from the
beginning; and I felt throughout like a man making his way along a road,
and describing what he sees as he goes. The road stretched ahead of me;
I could not see beyond the next turn at any moment; it just unrolled
itself inevitably and, I will add, very swiftly to my view, and was thus
a strange and momentous experience.
I will only add that the book is all based upon an intense belief in
God, and a no less intense conviction of personal immortality and
personal responsibility. It aims at bringing out the fact that our life
is a very real pilgrimage to high and far-off things from mean and
sordid beginnings, and that the key of the mystery lies in the frank
facing of experience, as a blessed process by which the secret purpose
of God is made known to us; and, even more, in a passionate belief in
Love, the love of friend and neighbour, and the love of God; and in the
absolute faith that we are all of us, from the lowest and most degraded
human soul to the loftiest and wisest, knit together with chains of
infinite nearness and dearness, under God, and in Him, and through Him,
now and hereafter and for evermore.
A.C.B.
THE OLD LODGE, MAGDALENE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, _January_, 1912.
The Child of the Dawn
I
Certainly the last few moments of my former material, worn-out life, as
I must still call it, were made horrible enough for me. I came to, after
the operation, in a deadly sickness and ghastly confusion of thought. I
was just dimly conscious of the trim, bare room, the white bed, a figure
or two, but everything else was swallowed up in the pain, which filled
all my senses at once. Yet surely, I thought, it is all something
outside me?... my brain began to wander, and the pain became a thing.
It was a tower of stone, high and blank, with a little sinister window
high up, from which something was every now and then waved above the
house-roofs.... The tower was gone in a moment, and there was a heap
piled up on the floor of a great room with open beams--a granary,
perhaps. The heap was of curved sharp steel things like sickles:
something moved and muttered underneath it, and blood ran out on the
floor. Then I was instantly myself, and the pain was with me again; and
then there fell on me a sense of faintness, so that the cold sweat-drops
ran suddenly out on my brow. There came a smell of drugs, sharp and
pungent, on the air. I heard a door open softly, and a voice said, "He
is sinking fast--they must be sent for at once." Then there were more
people in the room, people whom I thought I had known once, long ago;
but I was buried and crushed under the pain, like the thing beneath the
heap of sickles. There swept over me a dreadful fear; and I could see
that the fear was reflected in the faces above me; but now they were
strangely distorted and elongated, so that I could have laughed, if only
I had had the time; but I had to move the weight off me, which was
crushing me. Then a roaring sound began to come and go upon the air,
lou
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Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
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See 46128-h.htm or 46128-h.zip:
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(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46128/46128-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
https://archive.org/details/perseveranceisle00frazrich
Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
[O_] represents a capital O with a line underneath.
[Illustration: ABANDONING THE "GOOD LUCK."--_Frontispiece._]
PERSEVERANCE ISLAND
Or
The Robinson Crusoe of the Nineteenth Century
by
DOUGLAS FRAZAR
Author of "Practical Boat Sailing" etc.
Illustrated
Boston
Lee and Shepard Publishers
New York Charles T. Dillingham
1885
Copyright,
1884,
By Lee and Shepard.
All Rights Reserved.
PERSEVERANCE ISLAND.
ELECTROTYPED BY
C. J. PETERS AND SON, BOSTON.
To My Wife.
PREFACE.
In all works of the Robinson Crusoe type, the wreck is always near at
hand, the powder dry and preserved, and the days for rafting the same
ashore calm and pleasant. This unfortunate had no such accessories;
and his story proves the limitless ingenuity and invention of man,
and portrays the works and achievements of a castaway, who, thrown
ashore almost literally naked upon a desert isle, is able by the use
of his brains, the skill of his hands, and a practical knowledge of
the common arts and sciences, to far surpass the achievements of all
his predecessors, and to surround himself with implements of power and
science utterly beyond the reach of his prototype, who had his wreck as
a reservoir from which to draw his munitions.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. PAGE
Boyhood and youth of the author. Sailor's life. The "Good Luck."
South Pacific Island scheme. Loss of crew off Cape Horn. 3
CHAPTER II.
Push forward for the Society Islands. Driven into Magellan Straits
by stress of weather. Anchor in a land-locked bay. Search for fresh
water. Attacked by savages. Serious injuries to Capt. Davis and
one of the crew. Return to the schooner and make sail for the open
ocean. Resolve to return to England. Finally lay our course for
Easter Island. 9
CHAPTER III.
Captain Davis's condition. Only five men fit for duty. Terrific
storm. The schooner thrown on her beam ends and dismasted. Loss of
three more of the crew. Taking to the whale-boat. Foundering of
the schooner "Good Luck." Death of Captain Davis. Storm again,
running to the southward before the tempest. Strike upon a reef.
The author cast on shore. 19
CHAPTER IV.
Return to consciousness. Seek for my comrades. Commence a
calendar, and take inventory of my effects. 38
CHAPTER V.
Attempt to make a fire. Distil salt water. First meal. Reflections.
Hat-making. Repose. 45
CHAPTER VI.
Build fireplace. Make knife and spear from anchor. Build tower of
stones for perpetual lamps. Resolve to explore the island. 56
CHAPTER VII.
Improve my lamp-tower. Make a bow and arrow, and fish-hooks and
lines. Capture a large turtle. Improve my steel and flint, and
build a hut. Procure some salt, and make arrangements to explore
the island on the morrow. 65
CHAPTER VIII.
Rainy day. Reflections concerning climate, season of the year,
tides, etc. Plant several varieties of my seeds. Make a pocket
compass, and prepare for my exploration of the island. 73
CHAPTER IX.
Exploration of the island: First day. Fresh water at Rapid River.
Wild goats, quail, tortoise, tobacco, wild ducks, trout, sweet
potatoes, mussels. Name the island and principal points, etc. 85
CHAPTER X.
Exploration of the island: Second day. Find coal and sulphur,
seals, more turtles, gulls, etc. 96
CHAPTER XI.
Exploration of the island: Third day. Stalking goats. Mirror lake
and river and bay. Sad moonlight thoughts. 105
CHAPTER XII.
Exploration of the island: Fourth day. Finish the exploration of
the island, and build stone house at Rapid River. 113
CHAPTER XIII.
Make a hatchet of my iron hammer. Make matches and utensils for
house. Team of goats, chair, table, etc. Birch-bark canoe.
Arrangements for winter. 124
CHAPTER XIV.
Make chairs, and arrange my house, seal-skins, and goat-skins.
Provide provisions for winter. Discover wild grapes, and make wine
and vinegar. Find potassium, or saltpetre. Make gunpowder, and by
means of my compass discover iron. Thoughts of the future. 136
CHAPTER XV.
Make a mould for bricks. Build a brick-kiln and make bricks. Build a
smelting-house, blast-furnace, kiln for cleansing ore. Meditations.
Build water-wheel and fan-wheel, and set my machinery for an
air-blast to reduce the ore. 151
CHAPTER XVI.
Smelt my iron and make Bessemer steel and all kinds of tools. Erect
an anvil and forge. Build a saw-mill, and plant a farm and
kitchen-garden. 166
CHAPTER XVII.
Make an astrolabe, and obtain the latitude of the island, and, by
an eclipse of the moon, the longitude also. By means of the Epitome
make a chart on Mercator's projection, find out the distance
from any known land. 176
CHAPTER XVIII.
A resume of three years on the island. Daily routine of life.
Inventions, discoveries, etc. Fortification of the Hermitage.
Manufacture of cannon and guns. Perfection and improvement of the
machine shop. Implicit faith of ultimately overcoming all obstacles
and escaping from the island. Desire to accumulate some kind of
portable wealth to carry with me, and desire to explore the island
for its hidden wealth and the surrounding ocean for pearl oysters. 189
CHAPTER XIX.
Construct a submarine boat, to be propelled by goat power and to
make its own air, to examine the bottom of the ocean near the
island for pearl oysters. 206
CHAPTER XX.
Launch the submarine boat. Experiment with it in Stillwater Cove. 223
CHAPTER XXI.
Explore the bottom of the ocean in the vicinity of the island with
my submarine boat. Discover pearl oysters and invent a great
improvement to my boat. 237
CHAPTER XXII.
Manufacture glass. Build a steam yacht, and circumnavigate the
island. Lay up large stores of valuable pearls obtained from the
pearl oysters. 252
CHAPTER XXIII.
Discovery of a human habitation. The skeleton and manuscript. 265
CHAPTER XXIV.
The Pirate's manuscript. 277
CHAPTER XXV.
Finding of the sunken wreck. The submarine explosion of the hull.
Recovery of over ten millions in bars of gold and silver. 295
CHAPTER XXVI.
Chess and backgammon playing. Fortification of the island. Team of
white swans. Goats as servants, and opponents in backgammon
playing. 310
CHAPTER XXVII.
Discovery of gold. Turn the stream out of the lake, and build
portable engine to separate the gold. 321
CHAPTER XXVIII.
The sea serpent. Attack and capture one of the species, thus
putting the question of its existence forever at rest. 339
CHAPTER XXIX.
Make a balloon and flying machine, in which I make a successful
ascension. 349
CHAPTER XXX.
The manuscript sent forth. 362
THE MANUSCRIPT.
PERSEVERANCE ISLAND, SOUTH PACIFIC.
_To the Person who shall find this Manuscript_, GREETING,--
I hope that in the mercy of God these lines may come to the hands
of some of my fellow-creatures, and that such action may be taken
as may be deemed best to inform the world of my fate and that of
my unfortunate comrades; if the finder will, therefore, cause the
accompanying account to be published, he will confer a lasting benefit
upon his humble servant,
ROBINSON CRUSOE,
Otherwise called WILLIAM ANDERSON.
Everybody must remember the setting out of the schooner "Good Luck"
from the Liverpool docks, England, in the summer of 1865, with the
advance guard of a colony to be established in the Southern Pacific, on
one or more of its numerous islands to be selected; and from that day
to this, the non-reception of any news of her from her day of sailing.
I am the only survivor of that ill-fated vessel, and record here, in
hopes that the manuscript may reach the eyes of those interested, all
the facts of the case, and pray that they will speedily send to my
relief some vessel to take me home, and permit me once more to gaze
upon the faces of my fellow-men before I die.
THE FINDING OF THE MANUSCRIPT.
SHOTTSVILLE, DELEFERO COUNTY, TEXAS,
April 1, 1877.
Returning to my home in the evening after a hard day's work on my
quarter-section farm, I saw in the twilight an object dangling in the
air, and apparently fast to a young walnut sapling. I approached it
and found that it was a small balloon of about three feet in diameter,
made, I should think, of some kind of delicate skins of beasts or
birds sewed cunningly together. Attached in the place where the car
should be, I found the manuscript herewith submitted, written on
some kind of parchment, which, being taken home and read, I found of
such startling interest that I have, although poor, ordered the same
published at my expense in hopes that some action may be taken by
those whom it may concern to move further in the matter. I further
depose that the accompanying manuscript is the original one found
by me attached to the balloon, and that it has never been tampered
with or allowed to leave my possession till this moment. It can be
examined, as well as the balloon, at any time, by any responsible
person, by calling upon me.
[Signed] REUBEN STANLEY.
STATE OF TEXAS,
SHOTTSVILLE, DELEFERO COUNTY, S.S.
April 1, 1877.
Then personally appeared before me the said Reuben Stanley, to me well
known, and made oath that the above deposition made by him is true.
[Signed] RICHARD HILLANDIER,
_Justice of the Peace_.
[Illustration: CHART OF PERSEVERANCE ISLAND.]
PERSEVERANCE ISLAND;
OR,
THE ROBINSON CRUSOE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
CHAPTER I.
Boyhood and youth of the author. Sailor's life. The "Good Luck." South
Pacific Island scheme. Loss of crew off Cape Horn.
I was born in the year 1833, in the State of Vermont, United States of
America, and at an early age lost both parents by that fearful scourge,
the small-pox. I was an only child, and upon the death of my parents,
which happened when I was about six years of age, I was taken charge
of by a friendly farmer of a neighboring town, who put me to school
for several years in the winter, and at work upon the farm in the
summer. I had no known relatives in the wide world, and often felt the
bitter pangs of orphanhood. My master was not, however, unkind, and I
grew up strong, robust, and with rather a retiring, quiet disposition,
with a great love of mechanics and tools. Under all this quietness,
however, lurked, I well knew myself, an unappeasable love of adventure
and enterprise. I loved to lie in the open fields at night under the
full moon; to explore swamps and brooks; and I soon learned to swim
in the pond near by. At the age of fourteen I left my master, with
his consent, and went to work in a neighboring machine-shop, where
castings, etc., were made. I loved all manner of mechanical tools and
instruments, and evidently had a taste in that direction. At the age
of eighteen I became restless, and, having read during leisure hours
many books of adventure and discovery, I took it into my silly head to
become a sailor, and upon the inspiration of a moment I packed up my
small bundle of clothes, and, bidding good-by to my workmates, started
out on foot for Portsmouth, N. H. I arrived there and shipped as green
hand in the schooner "Rosa Belle" for Boston, at which port we in
due season arrived. From thence I shipped again before the mast in a
large, square-rigged vessel for a voyage round the world. It is not my
intention here to give a detailed account of my adventurous life till
I joined the "Good Luck;" suffice it to say that during fourteen years
at sea I passed through all the grades of boy, seaman, able seaman,
boatswain, third mate, second mate, and first mate. It was after my
discharge from a large clipper ship in Liverpool, lately arrived from
China, in the latter capacity, that, having some few hundred dollars by
me, I began to look about to see if I could not gain a livelihood in
some easier way than by going to sea, being by this time heartily tired
of the life, and for want of friends and relations with little chance
of rising higher in the profession; it was at this time, I say, that
this cursed project of the "Good Luck" was brought to my attention. As
fate would have it, the schooner lay in the same dock with ourselves,
and I became interested in her by hearing the talk upon the dock that
she was bound to the South Pacific Islands to seek for pearls, sandal
wood, tortoiseshell, etc., and to establish a colony of which the
persons who were going out on this trip were the advance guard and
projectors. I remember now, oh! how sadly, the Utopian ideas that were
advanced, and although I, as a sailor in those seas, knew many of them
to be false, yet imagination proclaimed them true. I could not resist
the impulse to join my fortune to theirs. Having made up my mind, I
called upon the chief movers in the matter and offered my services. It
was first a question with them whether I could subscribe any money to
the project, and secondly, what position I desired in the adventure?
I satisfied them upon the former, by stating that if I was pleased
with their plans I could subscribe four hundred dollars in cash, and
my services as a seaman and navigator in those seas. This seemed very
satisfactory, and I was then asked, more pointedly, what position I
demanded. I said that I should be satisfied with the position of chief
officer, and second in command on board of the schooner, and fourth
in command on the island as concerned the colony,--that is to say, if
their plans suited me, which I demanded to know fully before signing
any papers and bound myself by oath not to disclose if, after hearing
and seeing everything, I declined to join them.
This straightforward course seemed to please the managers, and I was
put in full possession of all their plans, and immediately after signed
the papers.
It is sufficient for me to give an outline of this plan simply, which,
through the act of God, came to naught, and left me, a second Robinson
Crusoe, on my lonely island.
The company was formed of one hundred persons, who each put in one
hundred pounds to make a general capital,--except a few like myself,
who were allowed a full paid-up share for eighty pounds, on account of
being of the advance guard, and wages for our services according to our
station, with our proportionate part of the dividends to be hereafter
made.
With this fund paid in, amounting to about nine thousand eight hundred
pounds, the managing committee purchased the schooner "Good Luck."
She was a fore-topsail schooner, of one hundred and fifty-four tons
measurement, built in Bath, Maine, and about seven years old,--strong,
well built, sharp, and with a flush deck fore and aft. She cost two
thousand four hundred pounds. The remainder of the money was used in
purchasing the following outfit for the scheme we were engaged in:--
Four breech-loading Armstrong cannon, nine pounders, four
old-fashioned nine-pounders, twenty-five Sharpe's breech-loading
rifles, and twenty-five navy Colt's revolvers, with plenty of
ammunition for all. These, in conjunction with boarding-pikes,
cutlasses, hand-grenades, and a howitzer for the launch, comprised our
armament. The hold was stored with a little of everything generally
taken on such adventures,--knives, hatchets, and calico for the
natives, and seeds, canned meats, and appliances for pearl fishing,
house-building, etc., for ourselves. To these were added a sawmill, an
upright steam-engine, a turning-lathe, blacksmith tools, etc.
Our plan was to find an island uninhabited, that would form a good
centre from which to prosecute our purpose of pearl gathering, and to
there establish a colony, sending home the "Good Luck" for the rest of
our companions and their families.
Ten of us were chosen as the advance guard (all
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RIDERS TO THE SEA
A PLAY IN ONE ACT
By J. M. Synge
INTRODUCTION
It must have been on Synge's second visit to the Aran Islands that he
had the experience out of which was wrought what many believe to be his
greatest play. The scene of "Riders to the Sea" is laid in a cottage
on Inishmaan, the middle and most interesting island of the Aran group.
While Synge was on Inishmaan, the story came to him of a man whose body
had been washed up on the far away coast of Donegal, and who, by reason
of certain peculiarities of dress, was suspected to be from the island.
In due course, he was recognised as a native of Inishmaan, in exactly
the manner described in the play, and perhaps one of the most poignantly
vivid passages in Synge's book on "The Aran Islands" relates the
incident of his burial.
The other element in the story which Synge introduces into the play is
equally true. Many tales of "second sight" are to be heard among Celtic
races. In fact, they are so common as to arouse little or no wonder in
the minds of the people. It is just such a tale, which there seems no
valid reason for doubting, that Synge heard, and that gave the title,
"Riders to the Sea", to his play.
It is the dramatist's high distinction that he has simply taken the
materials which lay ready to his hand, and by the power of sympathy
woven them, with little modification, into a tragedy which, for dramatic
irony and noble pity, has no equal among its contemporaries. Great
tragedy, it is frequently claimed with some show of justice, has
perforce departed with the advance of modern life and its complicated
tangle of interests and creature comforts. A highly developed
civilisation, with its attendant specialisation of culture, tends ever
to lose sight of those elemental forces, those primal emotions, naked to
wind and sky, which are the stuff from which great drama is wrought by
the artist, but which, as it would seem, are rapidly departing from us.
It is only in the far places, where solitary communion may be had with
the elements, that this dynamic life is still to be found continuously,
and it is accordingly thither that the dramatist, who would deal with
spiritual life disengaged from the environment of an intellectual maze,
must go for that experience which will beget in him inspiration for
his art. The Aran Islands from which Synge gained his inspiration are
rapidly losing that sense of isolation and self-dependence, which has
hitherto been their rare distinction, and which furnished the motivation
for Synge's masterpiece. Whether or not Synge finds a successor, it is
none the less true that in English dramatic literature "Riders to the
Sea" has an historic value which it would be difficult to over-estimate
in its accomplishment and its possibilities. A writer in The Manchester
Guardian shortly after Synge's death phrased it rightly when he wrote
that it is "the tragic masterpiece of our language in our time; wherever
it has been played in Europe from Galway to Prague, it has made the word
tragedy mean something more profoundly stirring and cleansing to the
spirit than it did."
The secret of the play's power is its capacity for standing afar off,
and mingling, if we may say so, sympathy with relentlessness. There is a
wonderful beauty of speech in the words of every character, wherein the
latent power of suggestion is almost unlimited. "In the big world the
old people do be leaving things after them for their sons and children,
but in this place it is the young men do be leaving things behind for
them that do be old." In the quavering rhythm of these words, there is
poignantly present that quality of strangeness and remoteness in beauty
which, as we are coming to realise, is the touchstone of Celtic
literary art. However, the very asceticism of the play has begotten a
corresponding power which lifts Synge's work far out of the current of
the Irish literary revival, and sets it high in a timeless atmosphere of
universal action.
Its characters live and die. It is their virtue in life to be lonely,
and none but the lonely man in tragedy may be great. He dies, and then
it is the virtue in life of the women mothers and wives and sisters to
be great in their loneliness, great as Maurya, the stricken mother, is
great in her final word.
"Michael has a clean burial in the far north, by the grace of the
Almighty God. Bartley will have a fine coffin out of the white boards,
and a deep grave surely. What more can we want than that? No man at
all can be living for ever, and we must be satisfied." The pity and
the terror of it all have brought a great peace, the peace that passeth
understanding, and it is because the play holds this timeless peace
after the storm which has bowed down every character, that "Riders to
the Sea" may rightly take its place as the greatest modern tragedy in
the English tongue.
EDWARD J. O'BRIEN.
February 23, 1911.
RIDERS TO THE SEA
A PLAY IN ONE ACT
First performed at the Molesworth Hall, Dublin, February 25th, 1904.
PERSONS
MAURYA (an old woman)...... Honor Lavelle
BARTLEY (her son)..........
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Produced by Chris Curnow, RichardW, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
A TEXT-BOOK OF PAPER-MAKING;
BY C. F. CROSS AND E. J. BEVAN (1888)
[Illustration:
COTTON. × 50.
LINEN. × 50.
ESPARTO. × 50.
MECHANICAL WOOD-PULP. × 50.
CHEMICAL WOOD-PULP. × 50.]
A
TEXT-BOOK OF
PAPER-MAKING.
BY
C. F. CROSS AND E. J. BEVAN.
[Illustration]
E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND, LONDON.
NEW YORK: 35, MURRAY STREET.
1888.
PREFACE.
The practical portion of the present work has in part already appeared
as an article, by one of the authors, in ‘Spons’ Encyclopædia of the
Industrial Arts.’ Since its publication, however, many and important
improvements have been introduced in this, as in other branches of
the art of paper-making, which necessitated considerable additions to
the original article. It has at the same time been to a great extent
re-written, and, as the authors hope, improved.
Our object in writing this book has been to bring before students and
others the principles upon which scientific paper-making should be
conducted, a concise exposition of which has not, we believe, been
hitherto attempted.
Considerable prominence has been given to this aspect of the subject,
possibly at the expense of what some may consider more essential
details.
A belief in the importance of a thorough scientific training for
paper-makers has dictated the style and purpose of the book.
We have not thought it necessary to enter into minute details
respecting the construction of machinery, &c.; for these the reader
is referred to such works as Hofmann’s Treatise on the Manufacture of
Paper.
Much of the scientific portion is here published for the first time.
Part of it has already appeared in the form of papers read before
various societies.
The chapter relating to the Treatment of Wood formed the subject of an
essay, which obtained the prize offered by the Scottish Paper-makers’
Association, in connection with the Edinburgh Forestry Exhibition, 1884.
We would here express our obligations to Messrs. G. and W. Bertram,
Messrs. Masson, Scott, and Bertram, Messrs. Rœckner and Co., and
others, for their courtesy in furnishing us with the drawings from
which the illustrations were prepared; to Dr. C. R. A. Wright, F.R.S.,
who kindly communicated the substance of the chapter on the Action of
Cuprammonium on Cellulose; to Mr. Carl Christensen, for drawings and
information regarding the manufacture of mechanical wood-pulp; also
to the following friends, among others, who have, in various ways,
rendered us important assistance:—Messrs. R. C. Menzies, C. M. King, G.
E. Davis, A. Beckwith, and C. Beadle.
Finally, we would tender our thanks to Mr. C. G. Warnford Lock for the
care he has bestowed on the editing of the book. The indexing and the
Chapter on Statistics are entirely his production.
C. F. CROSS and E. J. BEVAN.
4, NEW COURT, LINCOLN’S-INN, W.C.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE. . . 1
CHAPTER I.
CELLULOSE—THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL MEMBERS OF
THE CELLULOSE GROUP, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR NATURAL
HISTORY. . . 4
CHAPTER II.
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FIBRES—MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION
. . . 30
CHAPTER III.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT SUBSTANCES. . . 42
CHAPTER IV.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE PRINCIPAL RAW MATERIALS. . . 46
CHAPTER V.
PROCESSES FOR ISOLATING CELLULOSE FROM PLANT SUBSTANCES
. . . 62
CHAPTER VI.
SPECIAL TREATMENT OF VARIOUS FIBRES—BOILERS, BOILING
PROCESSES, &C.. . . 79
CHAPTER VII.
BLEACHING. . . 110
CHAPTER VIII.
BEATING. . . 117
CHAPTER IX.
LOADING, SIZING, COLOURING, &C.. . . 127
CHAPTER X.
PAPER MACHINES, HAND-MADE PAPER. . . 144
CHAPTER XI.
CALENDERING, CUTTING, &C.. . . 167
CHAPTER XII.
CAUSTIC SODA, RECOVERED SODA, &C.. . . 177
CHAPTER XIII.
THE TESTING OF PAPER, MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL, AND
MICROSCOPICAL. . . 193
CHAPTER XIV.
GENERAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR PAPER-MAKERS. . . 205
CHAPTER XV.
SITE FOR PAPER-MILL—WATER PURIFICATION. . . 210
CHAPTER XVI.
ACTION OF CUPRAMMONIUM ON CELLULOSE—WILLESDEN PAPER
. . . 217
CHAPTER XVII.
STATISTICS. . . 221
CHAPTER XVIII.
BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . 229
CHAPTER XIX.
ADDENDA. . . 231
INDEX. . . 233
{1}
PAPER-MAKING.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
The raw materials of the paper-maker are primarily the vegetable
fibrous substances; in addition to these there are various articles
which are employed as auxiliaries, either in the preparatory or
finishing processes to which these fibrous materials, or the web of
paper are subjected. The latter class are of subsidiary importance,
more especially from our present point of view.
In insisting upon the recognition of first principles, we cannot
overrate the importance of a thorough grasp of the constitution of the
plant fibres, as the necessary foundation for the intelligent conduct
of paper-making, and to this subject we will at once proceed.
Careful study of a mature plant will show that it is made up of
structural elements of two kinds, viz. fibres and cells, which, to use
a rough parallel, we may liken in function to the bricks and mortar
of a house. It is the former which admit of the many extended uses,
with which we are familiar, in the arts of spinning and weaving, and
which constitute the fabrics which are the most indispensable to our
civilised life. For the most part, as we know, fibres and cells are
aggregated together into compound tissues, and a process of separation
is therefore a necessary preliminary to the utilisation of the former.
The cotton fibre is the only important exception to this general
condition of distribution. Here we have the seed envelope or perisperm,
converted into a mass {2} of fibres, and these by a spontaneous
process accompanying the ripening, so isolated as to be immediately
available. Next in order in point of simplicity of isolation, are those
fibrous masses, or tissues, which, although components of complex
structures, exhibit a greater cohesion of their constituent fibres than
adhesion to the contiguous cellular tissues with which they go to build
up the plant. Into such a tissue the “bast,” or inner bark layer of
shrubs and trees, more especially those of tropical and sub-tropical
regions, frequently develops, and it is, in fact, this bast tissue,
graduating in respect of cohesion of its constituent fibres, from a
close network such as we have spoken of, to a collection of individual
fibres or fibre-bundles disposed in parallel series, which supplies
the greater part of the more valuable of the textile and paper-making
fibres; we may instance flax, hemp, and jute, each of which is the
basis of an enormous industry. According to the degree of adhesion of
the bast to the contiguous tissues, or, in another aspect, according to
its lesser aggregate development, so is the difficulty of isolation and
the necessity of using processes auxiliary to the mechanical separation
of the tissue.
It is worthy of note here that the Japanese paper with which we
are in these times so familiar, is prepared by the most primitive
means from the bast of a mulberry (_Broussonetia papyrifera_); the
isolated tissue, consisting of a close network of fibres, is simply
cut and hammered to produce a surface of the requisite evenness, and
the production of a web of paper is complete. In isolating the bast
fibres employed in the textile industries, a preliminary partial
disintegration of the plant stem is brought about by the process of
steeping or retting, by which the separation of fibre from flesh or
cellular tissue is much facilitated.
Last in order of simplicity of distribution, we have the fibres
known to the botanist as the fibro-vascular bundles of leaves and
monocotyledonous stems, these bundles being irregularly distributed
through the main cellular mass, and consequently, by reason of adhesion
thereto, much more {3} difficult of isolation. For this and other
reasons, more or less in correlation with natural function, we shall
find this class of raw material lowest in value to the paper-maker.
It is necessary at this stage to point out that the work of the
paper-maker and that of the textile manufacturer are complementary one
to the other, and the supply of fibrous raw material is correspondingly
divided: it may be said, indeed, that the paper industry subsists
upon the rejecta of the textile manufactures. The working up of
discontinuous fibre elements into thread, which is the purpose of the
complicated operations of the spinner, is conditioned by the length
and strength of these ultimate fibres. Paper-making, on the other
hand, requires that the raw material shall be previously reduced to
the condition of minute subdivision of the constituent fibres, and
therefore can avail itself of fibrous raw material altogether valueless
to the spinner, and of textile materials which from any cause have
become of no value as such. To the raw materials of the paper-maker,
which we have briefly outlined above, we must therefore add, as a
supplementary class, textiles of all kinds, such as rags, rope, and
thread.
Having thus acquired a general idea of the sources of our raw
materials, we must study more closely the substances themselves, and
first of all we must investigate them as we should any other chemical
substance, i.e. we must get to understand the nature and properties
of the matter of which the vegetable fibres are composed. While these
exhibit certain variations, which are considerable, the substances
present a sufficient chemical uniformity to warrant their being
designated under a class name: this name is cellulose. The prototype of
the celluloses is the cotton fibre.
{4}
CHAPTER I.
CELLULOSE: THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL MEMBERS OF THE CELLULOSE
GROUP, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR NATURAL HISTORY.
Plants are so far built up of cellulose that it may be called the
material basis of the vegetable world. Plant tissues, however, seldom,
if ever, consist of pure cellulose, but contain besides, other products
of growth either chemically combined with the cellulose or mechanically
bound up with the tissue, which are, according to the nature of their
union, removable either by means of fundamental chemical resolution
or by the application of simple solvents. A general method for the
isolation of cellulose consists in exposing the moist tissue to
the action of chlorine gas or of bromine water in the cold, and
subsequently boiling in dilute ammonia; repeating this treatment until
the alkaline solution no longer dissolves anything from the tissue or
fibre. The cellulose is then washed with water, alcohol, and ether,
and dried. Obtained in this way, or in the form of bleached cotton, or
of Swedish filter paper, it is a white substance, more or less opaque,
retaining the microscopic features of the tissue or fibre from which it
has been isolated. Its sp. gr. is 1·25–1·45. Its elementary composition
is expressed by the percentage numbers (Schulze)
C 44·0 44·2
H 6·3 6·4
O 49·7 49·4
or by the corresponding empirical formula, viz. C_{6}H_{10}O_{5}.
These numbers represent the composition of the ash-free cellulose.
Nearly all celluloses contain a certain proportion, {5} however small,
of mineral constituents, and the union of these with the organic
portion of the fibre or tissue is of such a nature that the ash left on
ignition preserves the form of the original. It is only in the growing
point of certain young shoots that the cellulose tissue is free from
mineral constituents. (Hofmeister.)
As already indicated, cellulose is insoluble in all simple solvents;
it is, however, dissolved by certain reagents, but only by virtue of a
preceding chemical modification. An exception to this is to be found,
perhaps, in the ammoniacal solution of cupric oxide (Schweitzer’s
reagent), in which it dissolves without essential modification, being
recovered by precipitation, in a form which is chemically identical
with the original, though differing, of course, in being structureless,
or amorphous. This reagent may be employed in a variety of forms, but
the following method of using it is to be recommended as the most
certain in its results. The substance to be operated upon is intimately
mixed with copper turnings in a tube which is narrowed below and
provided with a stopcock. Strong ammonia is poured upon the contents of
the tube and, after being allowed to stand for some minutes, is drawn
off and returned to the tube; the operation is several times repeated
until the solution of the substance is effected. In order to facilitate
the oxidation of the copper by the atmospheric oxygen, a current of
air may be aspirated through the apparatus. The solution of the oxide
prepared in this way is more effective in its action on cellulose
than that obtained by dissolving the precipitated hydrate in ammonia.
Cellulosic tissues in contact with this reagent are seen to undergo
a disaggregation of their fibres, which swell up, become gelatinous,
and disappear in solution. On adding an acid to the viscous solution,
a precipitate of the amorphous cellulose is obtained in the form of a
jelly resembling hydrated alumina; after washing and drying, it forms
a brownish, brittle, horny mass. The cellulose is also precipitated
upon simply diluting the viscous solution with water and allowing it
to stand {6} 8–10 days in a closed vessel. From this observation it
was inferred by Erdmann that the cellulose could not be considered
as dissolved in the strict sense of the word, but the experiments
of Cramer upon the osmotic properties of the solution proved this
inference to be unfounded, and that cellulose is actually dissolved by
the ammoniacal solution of copper oxide.
On treating the ammonio-cupric solution of cellulose with metallic
zinc, this metal precipitates the copper, replacing it in the solution,
and producing the corresponding ammonio-zincic solution of cellulose,
which is colourless. Some of these solutions are lævo-gyrate.
Cellulose, in those forms to which the application of the term has
been hitherto restricted, is a comparatively inert substance, and its
reactions are consequently few. One of these is available for the
identification of cellulose, and is chiefly used in the microscopical
examinations of tissues: this is its reaction with iodine. Cellulose
is not blue by a solution of iodine excepting under the
simultaneous influence of hydriodic acid, potassium iodide, sulphuric
acid, phosphoric acid, or zinc iodide or chloride. The solution is
prepared in the following way: zinc is dissolved to saturation in
hydrochloric acid, and the solution is evaporated to sp. gr. 2·0; to
90 parts of this solution are added 6 parts potassium iodide dissolved
in 10 parts of water; and in this solution iodine is dissolved to
saturation. By this solution cellulose is instantly a
deep-blue or violet. For the identification of cellulose in the gross,
mere inspection is usually sufficient; confirmatory evidence is
afforded by an observation of the action of the ammonio-copper reagent,
and of the absence of reaction with chlorine water. (See p. 18.)
Cellulose in its earlier stages of elaboration has no action upon
light; but with age it acquires the property of double refraction, not,
as has been shown by experiment, by virtue of its state of aggregation,
but of its molecular constitution (Sachs). {7}
_Animal Cellulose._—The mantles of many of the mollusca, e.g. the
_Pyrosomidæ_, _Salpidæ_, and _Phallusia mammillaris_, contain a
resistant substance which, after isolation by chemical treatment,
has been found to be identical both in composition and properties
with vegetable cellulose. Cellulose has also been stated to occur in
degenerated human spleen and in certain parts of the brain.
_Compounds of Cellulose._—The chemical inertness of cellulose is a
matter of everyday experience in the laboratory, where it fulfils
the important function of a filtering medium in the greater number
of separations of solids from liquids. Its combinations with acids
and with basic oxides are, as might be expected, few and of little
stability. It has been shown by Mills that cellulose (cotton) in
common with certain other organic fibrous substances, when immersed in
dilute solutions of the acids or basic oxides, condenses these bodies
within itself at the expense of the surrounding solution, which is
proportionately weakened. This effect of concentration is sufficiently
uniform and constant to lead us
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credit
Transcribed from the 1916 Martin Secker edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
THE FIGURE IN THE CARPET
BY HENRY JAMES
[Picture: Decorative graphic]
* * * * *
LONDON; MARTIN SECKER
NUMBER FIVE JOHN STREET ADELPHI
* * * * *
This edition first published 1916
The text follows that of the
Definitive Edition
CHAPTER I
I HAD done a few things and earned a few pence--I had perhaps even had
time to begin to think I was finer than was perceived by the patronising;
but when I take the little measure of my course (a fidgety habit, for
it's none of the longest yet) I count my real start from the evening
George Corvick, breathless and worried, came in to ask me a service. He
had done more things than I, and earned more pence, though there were
chances for cleverness I thought he sometimes missed. I could only
however that evening declare to him that he never missed one for
kindness. There was almost rapture in hearing it proposed to me to
prepare for _The Middle_, the organ of our lucubrations, so called from
the position in the week of its day of appearance, an article for which
he had made himself responsible and of which, tied up with a stout
string, he laid on my table the subject. I pounced upon my
opportunity--that is on the first volume of it--and paid scant attention
to my friend's explanation of his appeal. What explanation could be more
to the point than my obvious fitness for the task? I had written on Hugh
Vereker, but never a word in _The Middle_, where my dealings were mainly
with the ladies and the minor poets. This was his new novel, an advance
copy, and whatever much or little it should do for his reputation I was
clear on the spot as to what it should do for mine. Moreover if I always
read him as soon as I could get hold of him I had a particular reason for
wishing to read him now: I had accepted an invitation to Bridges for the
following Sunday, and it had been mentioned in Lady Jane's note that Mr.
Vereker was to be there. I was young enough for a flutter at meeting a
man of his renown, and innocent enough to believe the occasion would
demand the display of an acquaintance with his "last."
Corvick, who had promised a review of it, had not even had time to read
it; he had gone to pieces in consequence of news requiring--as on
precipitate reflexion he judged--that he should catch the night-mail to
Paris. He had had a telegram from Gwendolen Erme in answer to his letter
offering to fly to her aid. I knew already about Gwendolen Erme; I had
never seen her, but I had my ideas, which were mainly to the effect that
Corvick would marry her if her mother would only die. That lady seemed
now in a fair way to oblige him; after some dreadful mistake about a
climate or a "cure" she had suddenly collapsed on the return from abroad.
Her daughter, unsupported and alarmed, desiring to make a rush for home
but hesitating at the risk, had accepted our friend's assistance, and it
was my secret belief that at sight of him Mrs. Erme would pull round.
His own belief was scarcely to be called secret; it discernibly at any
rate differed from mine. He had showed me Gwendolen's photograph with
the remark that she wasn't pretty but was awfully interesting; she had
published at the age of nineteen a novel in three volumes, "Deep Down,"
about which, in _The Middle_, he had been really splendid. He
appreciated my present eagerness and undertook that the periodical in
question should do no less; then at the last, with his hand on the door,
he said to me: "Of course you'll be all right, you know." Seeing I was a
trifle vague he added: "I mean you won't be silly."
"Silly--about Vereker! Why what do I ever find him but awfully clever?"
"Well, what's that but silly? What on earth does 'awfully clever' mean?
For God's sake try to get _at_ him. Don't let him suffer by our
arrangement. Speak of him, you know, if you can, as _I_ should have
spoken of him."
I wondered an instant. "You mean as far and away the biggest of the
lot--that sort of thing?"
Corvick almost groaned. "Oh you know, I don't put them back to back that
way; it's the infancy of art! But he gives me a pleasure so rare; the
sense of"--he mused a little--"something or other."
I wondered again. "
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Produced by Mardi Desjardins & the online Distributed
Proofreaders Canada team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net from
page images generously made available by Google Books
GRAHAM’S MAGAZINE.
VOL. XXXV. October, 1849. No. 4.
Table of Contents
Fiction, Literature and Other Articles
A Year and a Day
The Engraver’s Daughter
Jasper St. Aubyn
The Recreant Missionary
Minnie Clifton
Ibad’s Vision
A Harmless Glass of Wine
The Village Schoolmaster
An Adventure of Jasper C——
Effie Deans
Wild-Birds of America
Editor’s Table: The Means of a Man’s Lasting Fame
Review of New Books
Poetry, Music, and Fashion
Alice
The Fountain in Winter
A Parting Song
The Light of Life
The Bride of Broek-in-Waterland
Song
Northampton
A Thought
Speak Out
The Willow by the Spring
We Are Changed
Le Follet
I Love, When the Morning Beams
Transcriber’s Notes can be found at the end of this eBook.
* * * * *
[Illustration: L. Clennell, pinx. A. L. Dick sc.
THE BAGGAGE WAGGON.
Engraved Expressly for Graham’s Magazine.]
GRAHAM’S MAGAZINE.
VOL. XXXV. PHILADELPHIA, OCTOBER, 1849. NO. 4.
* * * * *
A YEAR AND A DAY:
OR THE WILL.
BY MRS. CAROLINE H. BUTLER.
CHAPTER I.
There was once in the city of Philadelphia a poor author whom chilling
disappointments and the biting stings of adversity had brought nigh the
grave—whose high hopes, ardent ambition, and glowing aspirations for
fame, were all quenched and broken beneath the pressure of penury and
wo. The wife, too, of his bosom had passed on to the shadowy land before
him, and now beckoned him to that blissful home beyond the grave where
sorrow and trouble are unknown. One fond tie still bound him to life. He
was a father. No other guide—no other friend had that fair young girl,
over whose innocent head scarce sixteen summers had flown, and for her
sake he still clung to a world whose charms else had long ceased to
attract.
And there was an old man whom the world called unfeeling and miserly,
who day by day passed by the humble home of the author. And day by day
as he passed along, saw at the window a pale young face bent over the
endless seam, and a small white hand never tiring busily plying the
needle. Or sometimes marked the child’s own feeble strength tasked to
support the tottering steps of suffering manhood to the open window,
that the air of heaven might revive that languid frame, while the
hollow, racking cough, and the fever spot on the cheek, like a rose
rooted in the grave and blossoming in beauty above, told too plainly
consumption had made its victim sure.
And then one day when the window was darkened, and he missed the pale
young face, the heart of the old man smote him as he passed along, and
turning he gently sought admittance, and from that time over the bed of
the sufferer the thin, white locks of the old man mingled with the
golden ringlets of Florence.
Heaven surely had first softened his heart, and then guided his
footsteps thither, for, like a ministering angel he came to the house of
sorrow to soothe the last moments of the dying man, and protect the
fatherless child.
Cheered once more by the voice of kindness—his feeble frame invigorated
by healthful nourishment—surrounded by comforts long unknown, or
remembered but as a dream in the dark night of poverty he had passed
through—what wonder the sick man rallied, and for a time gave way to
the flattering hope that he might yet leave a bright legacy to his
child—a name crowned with imperishable fame. His mind, long shattered
by sickness, caught back something of the fire of youth, and once more
his trembling hand seized the pen as the powerful instrument through
which riches and honor were to flow in upon him. But, as the meteor
which for an instant shoots over the wave in sparkling beauty, and then
sinks in the darkness of the fathomless gulf below, was the momentary
out-flashing of that once brilliant mind, ere the darkness of the grave
encompassed it.
When he felt the
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THE PARASITE
A Story
BY
A. CONAN DOYLE
AUTHOR OF "THE REFUGEES" "MICAH CLARKE" ETC.
1894
THE PARASITE
I
March 24. The spring is fairly with us now. Outside my laboratory
window the great chestnut-tree is all covered with the big, glutinous,
gummy buds, some of which have already begun to break into little green
shuttlecocks. As you walk down the lanes you are conscious of the
rich, silent forces of nature working all around you. The wet earth
smells fruitful and luscious. Green shoots are peeping out everywhere.
The twigs are stiff with their sap; and the moist, heavy English air is
laden with a faintly resinous perfume. Buds in the hedges, lambs
beneath them--everywhere the work of reproduction going forward!
I can see it without, and I can feel it within. We also have our
spring when the little arterioles dilate, the lymph flows in a brisker
stream, the glands work harder, winnowing and straining. Every year
nature readjusts the whole machine. I can feel the ferment in my blood
at this very moment, and as the cool sunshine pours through my window I
could dance about in it like a gnat. So I should, only that Charles
Sadler would rush upstairs to know what was the matter. Besides, I
must remember that I am Professor Gilroy. An old professor may afford
to be natural, but when fortune has given one of the first chairs in
the university to a man of four-and-thirty he must try and act the part
consistently.
What a fellow Wilson is! If I could only throw the same enthusiasm
into physiology that he does into psychology, I should become a Claude
Bernard at the least. His whole life and soul and energy work to one
end. He drops to sleep collating his results of the past day, and he
wakes to plan his researches for the coming one. And yet, outside the
narrow circle who follow his proceedings, he gets so little credit for
it. Physiology is a recognized science. If I add even a brick to the
edifice, every one sees and applauds it. But Wilson is trying to dig
the foundations for a science of the future. His work is underground
and does not show. Yet he goes on uncomplainingly, corresponding with
a hundred semi-maniacs in the hope of finding one reliable witness,
sifting a hundred lies on the chance of gaining one little speck of
truth, collating old books, devouring new ones, experimenting,
lecturing, trying to light up in others the fiery interest which is
consuming him. I am filled with wonder and admiration when I think of
him, and yet, when he asks me to associate myself with his researches,
I am compelled to tell him that, in their present state, they offer
little attraction to a man who is devoted to exact science. If he
could show me something positive and objective, I might then be tempted
to approach the question from its physiological side. So long as half
his subjects are tainted with charlatanerie and the other half with
hysteria we physiologists must content ourselves with the body and
leave the mind to our descendants.
No doubt I am a materialist. Agatha says that I am a rank one. I tell
her that is an excellent reason for shortening our engagement, since I
am in such urgent need of her spirituality. And yet I may claim to be
a curious example of the effect of education upon temperament, for by
nature I am, unless I deceive myself, a highly psychic man. I was a
nervous, sensitive boy, a dreamer, a somnambulist, full of impressions
and intuitions. My black hair, my dark eyes, my thin, olive face, my
tapering fingers, are all characteristic of my real temperament, and
cause experts like Wilson to claim me as their own. But my brain is
soaked with exact knowledge. I have trained myself to deal only with
fact and with proof. Surmise and fancy have no place in my scheme of
thought. Show me what I can see with my microscope, cut with my
scalpel, weigh in my balance, and I will devote a lifetime to its
investigation. But when you ask me to study feelings, impressions,
suggestions, you ask me to do what is distasteful and even
demoralizing. A departure from pure reason affects me like an evil
smell or a musical discord.
Which is a very sufficient reason why I am a little loath to go to
Professor Wilson's tonight. Still I feel that I could hardly get out
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E-text prepared by David Ceponis
Note: A compilation of all five volumes of this work is also available
individually in the Project Gutenberg library.
See http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/10706
The original German version of this work, Roemische Geschichte,
Drittes Buch: von der Einigung Italiens bis auf die Unterwerfung
Karthagos und der griechischen Staaten, is in the Project
Gutenberg E-Library as E-book #3062.
See http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3062
THE HISTORY OF ROME, BOOK III
From the Union of Italy to the Subjugation of Carthage and the Greek
States
by
THEODOR MOMMSEN
Translated with the Sanction of the Author
By
William Purdie Dickson, D.D., LL.D.
Professor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow
A New Edition Revised Throughout and Embodying Recent Additions
Preparer's Note
This work contains many literal citations of and references to
foreign words, sounds, and alphabetic symbols drawn from many
languages, including Gothic and Phoenician, but chiefly Latin and
Greek. This English Gutenberg edition, constrained to the characters
of 7-bit ASCII code, adopts the following orthographic conventions:
1) Except for Greek, all literally cited non-English words that do
not refer to texts cited as academic references, words that in the
source manuscript appear italicized, are rendered with a single
preceding, and a single following dash; thus, -xxxx-.
2) Greek words, first transliterated into Roman alphabetic
equivalents, are rendered with a preceding and a following double-
dash; thus, --xxxx--. Note that in some cases the root word itself
is a compound form such as xxx-xxxx, and is rendered as --xxx-xxx--
3) Simple unideographic references to vocalic sounds, single
letters, or alphabeic dipthongs; and prefixes, suffixes, and syllabic
references are represented by a single preceding dash; thus, -x,
or -xxx.
4) Ideographic references, referring to signs of representation rather
than to content, are represented as -"id:xxxx"-. "id:" stands for
"ideograph", and indicates that the reader should form a picture based
on the following "xxxx"; which may be a single symbol, a word, or an
attempt at a picture composed of ASCII characters. For example,
--"id:GAMMA gamma"-- indicates an uppercase Greek gamma-form followed
by the form in lowercase. Some such exotic parsing as this is
necessary to explain alphabetic development because a single symbol
may have been used for a number of sounds in a number of languages,
or even for a number of sounds in the same language at different
times. Thus, "-id:GAMMA gamma" might very well refer to a Phoenician
construct that in appearance resembles the form that eventually
stabilized as an uppercase Greek "gamma" juxtaposed to one of
lowercase. Also, a construct such as --"id:E" indicates a symbol
that with ASCII resembles most closely a Roman uppercase "E", but,
in fact, is actually drawn more crudely.
5) Dr. Mommsen has given his dates in terms of Roman usage, A.U.C.;
that is, from the founding of Rome, conventionally taken to be
753 B. C. The preparer of this document, has appended to the end
of each volume a table of conversion between the two systems.
CONTENTS
BOOK III: From the Union of Italy to the Subjugation of Carthage
and the Greek States
CHAPTER
I. Carthage
II. The War between Rome and Carthage Concerning Sicily
III. The Extension of Italy to Its Natural Boundaries
IV. Hamilcar and Hannibal
V. The War under Hannibal to the Battle of Cannae
VI. The War under Hannibal from Cannae to Zama
VII. The West from the Peace of Hannibal to the Close
of the Third Period
VIII. The Eastern States and the Second Macedonian War
IX. The War with Antiochus of Asia
X. The Third Macedonian War
XI. The Government and the Governed
XII. The Management of Land and of Capital
XIII. Faith and Manners
XIV. Literature and Art
BOOK THIRD
From the Union of Italy to the Subjugation of Carthage and the Greek
States
Arduum res gestas scribere.
--Sallust.
Chapter I
Carthage
The Phoenicians
The Semitic stock occupied a place amidst, and yet aloof from, the
nations of the ancient classical world. The true centre of the
former lay in the east, that of the latter in the region of the
Mediterranean; and, however wars and migrations may have altered the
line of demarcation and thrown the races across each other, a deep
sense of diversity has always severed, and still severs, the Indo-
Germanic peoples from the Syrian, Israelite, and Arabic nations.
This diversity was no less marked in the case of that Semitic people
which spread more than any other in the direction of the west--the
Phoenicians. Their native seat was the narrow border of coast bounded
by Asia Minor, the highlands of Syria, and Egypt, and called Canaan,
that is, the "plain." This was the only name which the nation itself
made use of; even in Christian times the African farmer called himself
a Canaanite. But Canaan received from the Hellenes the name of
Phoenike, the "land of purple," or "land of the red men," and the
Italians also were accustomed to call the Canaanites Punians, as we
are accustomed still to speak of them as the Phoenician or Punic race.
Their Commerce
The land was well adapted for agriculture; but its excellent harbours
and the abundant supply of timber and of metals favoured above all
things the growth of commerce; and it was there perhaps, where the
opulent eastern continent abuts on the wide-spreading Mediterranean
so rich in harbours and islands, that commerce first dawned in all
its greatness upon man. The Phoenicians directed all the resources of
courage, acuteness, and enthusiasm to the full development of commerce
and its attendant arts of navigation, manufacturing, and colonization,
and thus connected the east and the west. At an incredibly early
period we find them in Cyprus and Egypt, in Greece and Sicily, in
Africa and Spain, and even on the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea.
The field of their commerce reached from Sierra Leone and Cornwall
in the west, eastward to the coast of Malabar. Through their hands
passed the gold and pearls of the East, the purple of Tyre, slaves,
ivory, lions' and panthers' skins from the interior of Africa,
frankincense from Arabia, the linen of Egypt, the pottery and fine
wines of Greece, the copper of Cyprus, the silver of Spain, tin from
England, and iron from Elba. The Phoenician mariners brought to
every nation whatever it could need or was likely to purchase; and
they roamed everywhere, yet always returned to the narrow home to
which their affections clung.
Their Intellectual Endowments
The Phoenicians are entitled to be commemorated in history by the
side of the Hellenic and Latin nations; but their case affords a
fresh proof, and perhaps the strongest proof of all, that the
development of national energies in antiquity was of a one-sided
character. Those noble and enduring creations in the field of
intellect, which owe their origin to the Aramaean race, do not belong
primarily to the Phoenicians. While faith and knowledge in a certain
sense were the especial property of the Aramaean nations and first
reached the Indo-Germans from the east, neither the Phoenician
religion nor Phoenician science and art ever, so far as we can
see, held an independent rank among those of the Aramaean family.
The religious conceptions of the Phoenicians were rude and uncouth,
and it seemed as if their worship was meant to foster rather than to
restrain lust and cruelty. No trace is discernible, at least in times
of clear historical light, of any special influence exercised by their
religion over other nations. As little do we find any Phoenician
architecture or plastic art at all comparable even to those of Italy,
to say nothing of the lands where art was native. The most ancient
seat of scientific observation and of its application to practical
purposes was Babylon, or at any rate the region of the Euphrates. It
was there probably that men first followed the course of the stars; it
was there that they first distinguished and expressed in writing the
sounds of language; it was there that they began to reflect on time
and space and on the powers at work in nature: the earliest traces
of astronomy and chronology, of the alphabet, and of weights and
measures, point to that region. The Phoenicians doubtless availed
themselves of the artistic and highly developed manufactures of
Babylon for their industry, of the observation of the stars for
their navigation, of the writing of sounds and the adjustment of
measures for their commerce, and distributed many an important germ
of civilization along with their wares; but it cannot be demonstrated
that the alphabet or any other of those ingenious products of the
human mind belonged peculiarly to them, and such religious and
scientific ideas as they were the means of conveying to the Hellenes
were scattered by them more after the fashion of a bird dropping
grains than of the husbandman sowing his seed. The power which
the Hellenes and even the Italians possessed, of civilizing and
assimilating to themselves the nations susceptible of culture with
whom they came into contact, was wholly wanting in the Phoenicians.
In the field of Roman conquest the Iberian and the Celtic languages
have disappeared before the Romanic tongue; the Berbers of Africa
speak at the present day the same language as they spoke in the times
of the Hannos and the Barcides.
Their Political Qualities
Above all, the Phoenicians, like the rest of the Aramaean nations as
compared with the Indo-Germans, lacked the instinct of political life
--the noble idea of self-governing freedom. During the most
flourishing times of Sidon and Tyre the land of the Phoenicians was
a perpetual apple of contention between the powers that ruled on the
Euphrates and on the Nile, and was subject sometimes to the Assyrians,
sometimes to the Egyptians. With half its power Hellenic cities
would have made themselves independent; but the prudent men of Sidon
calculated that the closing of the caravan-routes to the east or of
the ports of Egypt would cost them more than the heaviest tribute, and
so they punctually paid their taxes, as it might happen, to Nineveh or
to Memphis, and even, if they could not avoid it, helped with their
ships to fight the battles of the kings. And, as at home the
Phoenicians patiently bore the oppression of their masters, so also
abroad they were by no means inclined to exchange the peaceful career
of commerce for a policy of conquest. Their settlements were
factories. It was of more moment in their view to deal in buying and
selling with the natives than to acquire extensive territories in
distant lands, and to carry out there the slow and difficult work of
colonization. They avoided war even with their rivals; they allowed
themselves to be supplanted in Egypt, Greece, Italy, and the east of
Sicily almost without resistance; and in the great naval battles,
which were fought in early times for the supremacy of the western
Mediterranean, at Alalia (217) and at Cumae (280), it was the
Etruscans, and not the Phoenicians, that bore the brunt of the
struggle with the Greeks. If rivalry could not be avoided, they
compromised the matter as best they could; no attempt was ever made
by the Phoenicians to conquer Caere or Massilia. Still less, of
course, were the Phoenicians disposed to enter on aggressive war.
On the only occasion in earlier times when they took the field on the
offensive--in the great Sicilian expedition of the African Phoenicians
which ended in their defeat at Himera by Gelo of Syracuse (274)--it
was simply as dutiful subjects of the great-king and in order to avoid
taking part in the campaign against the Hellenes of the east, that
they entered the lists against the Hellenes of the west; just as their
Syrian kinsmen were in fact obliged in that same year to share the
defeat of the Persians at Salamis(1).
This was not the result of cowardice; navigation in unknown waters
and with armed vessels requires brave hearts, and that such were to be
found among the Phoenicians, they often showed. Still less was it
the result of any lack of tenacity and idiosyncrasy of national
feeling; on the contrary the Aramaeans defended their nationality with
the weapons of intellect as well as with their blood against all the
allurements of Greek civilization and all the coercive measures of
eastern and western despots, and that with an obstinacy which no Indo-
Germanic people has ever equalled, and which to us who are Occidentals
seems to be sometimes more, sometimes less, than human. It was the
result of that want of political instinct, which amidst all their
lively sense of the ties of race, and amidst all their faithful
attachment to the city of their fathers, formed the most essential
feature in the character of the Phoenicians. Liberty had no charms
for them, and they lusted not after dominion; "quietly they lived,"
says the Book of Judges, "after the manner of the Sidonians, careless
and secure, and in possession of riches."
Carthage
Of all the Phoenician settlements none attained a more rapid and
secure prosperity than those which were established by the Tyrians and
Sidonians on the south coast of Spain and the north coast of Africa--
regions that lay beyond the reach of the arm of the great-king and the
dangerous rivalry of the mariners of Greece, and in which the natives
held the same relation to the strangers as the Indians in America held
to the Europeans. Among the numerous and flourishing Phoenician
cities along these shores, the most prominent by far was the "new
town," Karthada or, as the Occidentals called it, Karchedon or
Carthago. Although not the earliest settlement of the Phoenicians
in this region, and originally perhaps a dependency of the adjoining
Utica, the oldest of the Phoenician towns in Libya, it soon
outstripped its neighbours and even the motherland through the
incomparable advantages of its situation and the energetic activity
of its inhabitants. It was situated not far from the (former) mouth
of the Bagradas (Mejerda), which flows through the richest corn
district of northern Africa, and was placed on a fertile rising
ground, still occupied with country houses and covered with groves
of olive and orange trees, falling off in a gentle <DW72> towards the
plain, and terminating towards the sea in a sea-girt promontory.
Lying in the heart of the great North-African roadstead, the Gulf of
Tunis, at the very spot where that beautiful basin affords the best
anchorage for vessels of larger size, and where drinkable spring water
is got close by the shore, the place proved singularly favourable for
agriculture and commerce and for the exchange of their respective
commodities--so favourable, that not only was the Tyrian settlement
in that quarter the first of Phoenician mercantile cities, but even
in the Roman period Carthage was no sooner restored than it became the
third city in the empire, and even now, under circumstances far from
favourable and on a site far less judiciously chosen, there exists and
flourishes in that quarter a city of a hundred thousand inhabitants.
The prosperity, agricultural, mercantile, and industrial, of a city
so situated and so peopled, needs no explanation; but the question
requires an answer--in what way did this settlement come to attain
a development of political power, such as no other Phoenician
city possessed?
Carthage Heads the Western Phoenicians in Opposition to the Hellenes
That the Phoenician stock did not even in Carthage renounce its policy
of passiveness, there is no lack of evidence to prove. Carthage paid,
even down to the times of its prosperity, a ground-rent for the space
occupied by the city to the native Berbers, the tribe of the Maxyes or
Maxitani; and although the sea and the desert sufficiently protected
the city from any assault of the eastern powers, Carthage appears to
have recognized--although but nominally--the supremacy of the great-
king, and to have paid tribute to him occasionally, in order to secure
its commercial communications with Tyre and the East.
But with all their disposition to be submissive and cringing,
circumstances occurred which compelled these Phoenicians to adopt a
more energetic policy. The stream of Hellenic migration was pouring
ceaselessly towards the west: it had already dislodged the Phoenicians
from Greece proper and Italy, and it was preparing to supplant them
also in Sicily, in Spain, and even in Libya itself. The Phoenicians
had to make a stand somewhere, if they were not willing to be totally
crushed. In this case, where they had to deal with Greek traders and
not with the great-king, submission did not suffice to secure the
continuance of their commerce and industry on its former footing,
liable merely to tax and tribute. Massilia and Cyrene were already
founded; the whole east of Sicily was already in the hands of the
Greeks; it was full time for the Phoenicians to think of serious
resistance. The Carthaginians undertook the task; after long and
obstinate wars they set a limit to the advance of the Cyrenaeans,
and Hellenism was unable to establish itself to the west of the desert
of Tripolis.
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THE RANGERS
OR, THE TORY'S DAUGHTER
A Tale Illustrative Of The Revolutionary History Of Vermont And The
Northern Campaign Of 1777
By D. P. Thompson
The Author Of "The Green Mountain Boys"
Two Volumes In One
Tenth Edition
VOLUME I.
On commencing his former work, illustrative of the revolutionary history
of Vermont,--THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS,--it was the design of the author
to have embraced the battle of Bennington, and other events of historic
interest which occurred in the older and more southerly parts of the
state; but finding, as he proceeded, that the unity and interest of his
effort would be endangered by embracing so much ground, a part of the
original design was relinquished, or rather its execution was deferred
for a new and separate work, wherein better justice could be done to the
rich and unappropriated materials of which his researches had put him in
possession. That work, after an interval of ten years, and the writing
and publishing of several intermediate ones, is now presented to the
public, and with the single remark, that if it is made to possess less
interest, as a mere tale, than its predecessor, the excuse must be found
in the author's greater anxiety to give a true historic version of the
interesting and important events he has undertaken to illustrate.
THE RANGERS;
OR,
THE TORY'S DAUGHTER
CHAPTER I.
"Sing on! sing on! my mountain home,
The paths where erst I used to roam,
The thundering torrent lost in foam.
The snow-hill side all bathed in light,--
All, all are bursting on my sight!"
Towards night, on the twelfth of March, 1775, a richly-equipped double
sleigh, filled with a goodly company of well-dressed persons of the
different sexes, was seen descending from the eastern side of the Green
Mountains, along what may now be considered the principal thoroughfare
leading from the upper navigable portions of the Hudson to those of the
Connecticut River. The progress of the travellers was not only slow,
but extremely toilsome, as was plainly evinced by the appearance of
the reeking and jaded horses, as they labored and floundered along the
sloppy and slumping snow paths of the winter road, which was obviously
now fast resolving itself into the element of which it was composed. Up
to the previous evening, the dreary reign of winter had continued wholly
uninterrupted by the advent of his more gentle successor in the changing
rounds of the seasons; and the snowy waste which enveloped the earth
would, that morning, have apparently withstood the rains and suns of
months before yielding entirely to their influences. But during the
night there had occurred one of those great and sudden transitions from
cold to heat, which can only be experienced in northern climes, and
which can be accounted for only on the supposition, that the earth, at
stated intervals, rapidly gives out large quantities of its internal
heats, or that the air becomes suddenly rarefied by some essential
change or modification in the state of the electric fluid. The morning
had been cloudless; and the rising sun, with rays no longer dimly
struggling through the dense, obstructing medium of the dark months gone
by, but, with the restored beams of his natural brightness, fell upon
the smoking earth with the genial warmth of summer. A new atmosphere,
indeed, seemed to have been suddenly created, so warm and bland was
the whole air; while, occasionally, a breeze came over the face of the
traveller, which seemed like the breath of a heated oven. As the day
advanced, the sky gradually became overcast--a strong south wind sprung
up, before whose warm puffs the drifted snow-banks seemed literally to
be cut down, like grass before the scythe of the mower; and, at length,
from the thickening mass of cloud above, the rain began to descend in
torrents to the mutely recipient earth. All this, for a while, however,
produced no very visible effects on the general face of nature; for the
melting snow was many hours in becoming saturated with its own and water
from above. Nor had our travellers, for the greater part of the day,
been much incommoded by the rain, or the thaw, that was in silent, but
rapid progress around and beneath them; as their vehicle was a covered
one, and as
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VENDETTA
By Honore De Balzac
Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley
DEDICATION
To Puttinati, Milanese Sculptor.
VENDETTA
CHAPTER I. PROLOGUE
In the year 1800, toward the close of October, a foreigner, accompanied
by a woman and a little girl, was standing for a long time in front of
the palace of the Tuileries, near the ruins of a house recently pulled
down, at the point where in our day the wing begins which was intended
to unite the chateau of Catherine de Medici with the Louvre of the
Valois.
The man stood there with folded arms and a bowed head, which he
sometimes raised to look alternately at the consular palace and at
his wife, who was sitting near him on a stone. Though the woman seemed
wholly occupied with the little girl of nine or ten years of age, whose
long black hair she amused herself by handling, she lost not a single
glance of those her companion cast on her. Some sentiment other than
love united these two beings, and inspired with mutual anxiety their
movements and their thoughts. Misery is, perhaps, the most powerful of
all ties.
The stranger had one of those broad, serious heads, covered with thick
hair, which we see so frequently in the pictures of the Caracci. The jet
black of the hair was streaked with white. Though noble and proud, his
features had a hardness which spoiled them. In spite of his evident
strength, and his straight, erect figure, he looked to be over sixty
years of age. His dilapidated clothes were those of a foreign country.
Though the faded and once beautiful face of the wife betrayed
the deepest sadness, she forced herself to smile, assuming a calm
countenance whenever her husband looked at her.
The little girl was standing, though signs of weariness were on the
youthful face, which was tanned by the sun. She had an Italian cast
of countenance and bearing, large black eyes beneath their well arched
brows, a native nobleness, and candid grace. More than one of those who
passed them felt strongly moved by the mere aspect of this group,
who made no effort to conceal a despair which seemed as deep as the
expression of it was simple. But the flow of this fugitive sympathy,
characteristic of Parisians, was dried immediately; for as soon as the
stranger saw himself the object of attention, he looked at his observer
with so savage an air that the boldest lounger hurried his step as
though he had trod upon a serpent.
After standing for some time undecided, the tall stranger suddenly
passed his hand across his face to brush away, as it were, the thoughts
that were ploughing furrows in it. He must have taken some desperate
resolution. Casting a glance upon his wife and daughter, he drew
a dagger from his breast and gave it to his companion, saying in
Italian:--
"I will see if the Bonapartes remember us."
Then he walked with a slow, determined step toward the entrance of the
palace, where he was, naturally, stopped by a soldier of the consular
guard, with whom he was not permitted a long discussion. Seeing this
man's obstinate determination, the sentinel presented his bayonet in the
form of an ultimatum. Chance willed that the guard was changed at that
moment, and the corporal very obligingly pointed out to the stranger the
spot where the commander of the post was standing.
"Let Bonaparte know that Bartolomeo di Piombo wishes to speak with him,"
said the Italian to the captain on duty.
In vain the officer represented to Bartolomeo that he could not see the
First Consul without having previously requested an audience in writing;
the Italian insisted that the soldier should go to Bonaparte. The
officer stated the rules of the post, and refused to comply with the
order of this singular visitor. Bartolomeo frowned heavily, casting
a terrible look at the captain, as if he made him responsible for the
misfortunes that this refusal might occasion. Then he kept silence,
folded his arms tightly across his breast, and took up his station
under the portico which serves as an avenue of communication between
the garden and the court-yard of the Tuileries. Persons who will things
intensely are very apt to be helped by chance. At the moment when
Bartolomeo di Piombo seated himself on one of the stone posts which
was near the entrance, a carriage drew up, from which Lucien Bonaparte,
minister of the interior, issued.
"Ah, Loucian, it is lucky for me I have met you!" cried the stranger.
These words, said in the Corsican patois, stopped Lucien at the moment
when he was springing under the portico. He looked at his compatriot,
and recognized him. At the first word that Bartolomeo said in his ear,
he took the Corsican away with him.
Murat, Lannes, and Rapp were at that moment in the cabinet of the First
Consul. As Lucien entered, followed by a man so singular in appearance
as Piombo, the conversation ceased. Lucien took Napoleon by the arm and
led him into the recess of a window. After exchanging a few words with
his brother, the First Consul made a sign with his hand, which Murat and
Lannes obeyed by retiring. Rapp pretended not to have seen it
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[Illustration: GEORGE THORNBURGH]
MASONIC MONITOR
OF THE DEGREES OF
Entered Apprentice, Fellow
Craft and Master Mason
TOGETHER WITH THE
Ceremony of Installation, Laying
Corner Stones, Dedications,
Masonic Burial, Etc.
BY
GEORGE THORNBURGH
P. G. M., and Custodian of the Secret Work
COPYRIGHT 1903, BY
GEORGE THORNBURGH
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
CONTENTS.
Order of Business.
Masonic Dates.
Opening Prayer and Charge.
Closing Prayer and Charge.
Closing Ceremonies.
Entered Apprentice.
Fellow Craft.
Master Mason.
Grand Honors and Reception of Visitors.
Election and Installation.
Instituting Lodge.
Constituting Lodge.
Laying Corner Stone.
Dedication of Hall.
Funerals.
Lodge of Sorrow.
ORDER OF BUSINESS.
At stated communications:
First. Reading the minutes.
Second. Considering unfinished business.
Third. Receiving and referring petitions.
Fourth. Receiving report of committees.
Fifth. Balloting for candidates.
Sixth. Receiving and considering resolutions.
Seventh. Conferring degrees.
At called meetings no business should be taken up except that for which
the meeting was called.
The 24th of June and 27th of December are regular meetings, but it is
not best to take up routine business. Let it be a celebration, and not a
business session.
TO FIND AND WRITE MASONIC DATES.
=Lodge.=--(Anno Lucis--the year of light). Add 4,000 to the common year;
thus, for 1903, write: A. L. 5903.
=Chapter=.--(Anno Inventionis--the year of discovery). Add 530 to the
common year.
=Council.=--(Anno Depositionis--the year of deposit). Add 1,000 to the
common year.
=Commandery.=--(Anno Ordinis--the year of the order). Subtract 1,118
from the common year.
Certificate and Recommendation
This is to Certify that we have examined the manuscript of the Monitor,
prepared by Bro. George Thornburgh, and we approve the same.
GEORGE THORNBURGH, }
W. M. KENT, } Custodians.
GEORGE W. DEVAUGHAN, }
J. M. OATHOUT, Grand Lecturer.
JOHN T. HICKS, Grand Master.
------------
Little Rock, Ark., August 19, 1903.
_Office of the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge F. and A. M. of
Arkansas_:
This Monitor, prepared by Past Grand Master George Thornburgh,
having been approved by the Custodians of the Work, the Grand
Lecturer and myself, I do recommend the use of the same to all
the lodges in Arkansas.
JOHN T. HICKS,
GRAND MASTER.
PREFACE AND DEDICATION.
The demand of the craft throughout the State for a practical working
Monitor of the three degrees, arranged in conformity with the work in
this jurisdiction, culminated in the adoption, by the Grand Lodge of
1902, of the following resolution:
"Resolved, That Brother George Thornburgh be requested to prepare a
Monitor which shall be adopted as the Monitor of this Grand Lodge. When
the proposed Monitor is approved by the Custodians of the Work, the
Grand Lecturer, and the Grand Master, the Grand Master shall be
authorized to recommend it to the lodges."
This Monitor has been prepared in obedience to that resolution. The book
is the child of my heart and mind. A love for the cause inspired its
preparation. It goes to the craft with my earnest prayers that it may
cause a more general and closer study of the beautiful ceremonies of the
first three degrees, which are the foundation of all true Freemasonry. I
dedicate the book to the Masons of Arkansas, who have so often and so
kindly honored me above my merit.
GEO. THORNBURGH.
Little Rock, Ark, Sept. 1, 1903.
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
On the 20th of October, 1903, the first edition of one thousand Monitors
was placed on sale. I supposed I would probably dispose of them in the
course of a year, but to my surprise, by December 20 they were all sold.
I placed the second edition of one thousand on sale February 24, 1904,
and by June 15 they were gone. Evidently the Monitor fills a long felt
want.
It was prepared especially to conform to the work in this jurisdiction.
It may be studied with profit by every Mason, whether he be an officer
or not. The youngest Entered Apprentice will find it helpful and useful
in assisting him to fix upon his mind those beautiful first lessons. The
officers from Master of Ceremonies to Worshipful Master will find it
convenient and indispensable in the performance correctly of the
beautiful ceremonies of the institution.
I am gratified beyond expression at the cordial reception the Monitor
has received from the craft.
It is commended in the highest terms by the best workers in the State.
Here are only a few of the hundreds of endorsements sent me.
Grand Master Hicks: "It is the best Monitor to be found for Arkansas
Masons."
Grand Lecturer Oathout had the manuscript sent to his home that he might
very carefully examine it, and he wrote: "I have carefully examined the
manuscript of your Monitor twice over and cheerfully give my
endorsement, believing it to be the best Monitor I have ever seen. I
believe your work will be appreciated by the Craft in Arkansas when they
examine the Monitor."
Brother G. W. DeVaughan, Custodian of the Secret Work: "I am very much
pleased with it."
Brother W. M. Kent, the other custodian of the Secret Work: "Good; I
want another copy."
Our Senior Past Grand Master G. A. Dannelly, who was so long the Grand
Lecturer, says: "I have read it carefully. In my judgment it is the best
Monitor I ever saw. I heartily congratulate you on being the author of
such a book. I recommend it to all the lodges. It would be well if every
member would supply himself with a copy."
Past Grand Master R. H. Taylor: "I have carefully reviewed it from
opening to conclusion. It is a work of great merit, concise and clear,
free and easy of style. It is not alone valuable and useful as a guide
to Arkansas Masons, but to Masons everywhere. In fact if adopted by
other Grand Jurisdictions, would simplify and beautify Masonic work.
Every Mason in the State should own and study the Arkansas Monitor."
Past Grand Master Sorrells, who made the motion in Grand Lodge to have
the Monitor prepared, says: "I have examined it closely, and feel sure
that it will meet the approbation of the Craft throughout this
Jurisdiction."
Past Grand Master Bridewell: "I have examined it and find it complete.
To a newly made Mason it is indispensable, and if every one of them
would get a copy immediately after their raising we would have brighter
and better Masons. It would do a world of good if many of the older
Masons would make it their 'vade me
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STEPHEN ARCHER AND OTHER TALES
By George Macdonald
CONTENTS.
STEPHEN ARCHER
THE GIFTS OF THE CHILD CHRIST
THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGEN AND NYCTERIS
THE BUTCHER'S BILLS
POET IN A STORM
IF I HAD A FATHER
STEPHEN ARCHER
Stephen Archer was a stationer, bookseller, and newsmonger in one of the
suburbs of London. The newspapers hung in a sort of rack at his door, as
if for the convenience of the public to help themselves in passing. On
his counter lay penny weeklies and books coming out in parts, amongst
which the _Family Herald_ was in force, and the _London Journal_ not
to be found. I had occasion once to try the extent of his stock, for I
required a good many copies of one of Shakspere's plays--at a penny, if
I could find such. He shook his head, and told me he could not encourage
the sale of such productions. This pleased me; for, although it was of
little consequence what he thought concerning Shakspere, it was of the
utmost import that he should prefer principle to pence. So I loitered
in the shop, looking for something to buy; but there was nothing in the
way of literature: his whole stock, as far as I could see, consisted of
little religious volumes of gay binding and inferior print; he had
nothing even from the Halifax press. He was a good-looking fellow, about
thirty, with dark eyes, overhanging brows that indicated thought, mouth
of character, and no smile. I was interested in him.
I asked if he would mind getting the plays I wanted. He said he would
rather not. I bade him good morning.
More than a year after, I saw him again. I had passed his shop many
times, but this morning, I forget why, I went in. I could hardly
recall the former appearance of the man, so was it swallowed up in a
new expression. His face was alive, and his behaviour courteous. A
similar change had passed upon his stock. There was _Punch_ and _Fun_
amongst the papers, and tenpenny Shaksperes on the counter, printed on
straw-paper, with ugly wood-cuts. The former class of publications had
not vanished, but was mingled with cheap editions of some worthy of
being called books.
"I see you have changed your mind since I saw you last," I said.
"You have the advantage of me, sir," he returned. "I did not know you
were a customer."
"Not much of that," I replied; "only in intention. I wanted you to get
me some penny Shaksperes, and you would not take the order."
"Oh! I think I remember," he answered, with just a trace of confusion;
adding, with a smile, "I'm married now;" and I fancied I could read a
sort of triumph over his former self.
I laughed, of course--the best expression of sympathy at hand--and,
after a little talk, left the shop, resolved to look in again soon.
Before a month was over, I had made the acquaintance of his wife too,
and between them learned so much of their history as to be able to
give the following particulars concerning it.
Stephen Archer was one of the deacons, rather a young one perhaps, of
a dissenting congregation. The chapel was one of the oldest in the
neighbourhood, quite triumphant in ugliness, but possessed of a history
which gave it high rank with those who frequented it. The sacred odour
of the names of pastors who had occupied its pulpit, lingered about
its walls--names unknown beyond its precincts, but starry in the eyes
of those whose world lay within its tabernacle. People generally do
not know what a power some of these small _conventicles_ are in the
education of the world. If only as an outlet for the energies of men of
lowly education and position, who in connexion with most of the churches
of the Establishment would find no employment, they are of inestimable
value.
To Stephen Archer, for instance, when I saw him first, his chapel was
the sole door out of the common world into the infinite. When he
entered, as certainly did the awe and the hush of the sacred place
overshadow his spirit as if it had been a gorgeous cathedral-house
borne aloft upon the joined palms of its Gothic arches. The Master is
truer than men think, and the power of His presence, as Browning has
so well set forth in his "Christmas Eve," is where two or three are
gathered in His name. And inasmuch as Stephen was not a man of
imagination, he had the greater need of the undefined influences of
the place.
He had been chief in establishing a small mission amongst the poor in
the neighbourhood, with the working of which he occupied the greater
part of his spare time. I will not venture to assert that his mind was
pure from the ambition of gathering from these to swell the flock at
the little chapel; nay, I will not even assert that there never arose
a suggestion of the enemy that the pence of these rescued brands might
alleviate the burden upon the heads and shoulders of the poorly
prosperous cary
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from the Google Print project.)
BY HENRY JAMES
A SMALL BOY AND OTHERS
NOTES OF A SON AND BROTHER
NOTES OF A SON AND BROTHER
[Illustration: _Pencil-drawn portrait of William James by himself about
1866_]
NOTES OF A
SON AND BROTHER
BY
HENRY JAMES
ILLUSTRATED
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1914
COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
Published March, 1914
ILLUSTRATIONS
Pencil-drawn portrait of William James by himself, about
1866 _Frontispiece_
FACING
PAGE
Louis Osborne. Sketch from a letter of William James
(page 18) 18
Portrait in oils of Miss Katherine Temple, 1861 96
A leaf from the letter quoted on page 129 130
Sketch of G. W. James brought home wounded from the assault
on Fort Wagner 244
"The cold water cure at Divonne--excellent for melancholia."--From
a letter of William James (page 447) 448
I
It may again perhaps betray something of that incorrigible vagueness of
current in our educational drift which I have elsewhere[1] so
unreservedly suffered to reflect itself that, though we had come abroad
in 1855 with an eye to the then supposedly supreme benefits of Swiss
schooling, our most resolute attempt to tap that supply, after twenty
distractions, waited over to the autumn of the fourth year later on,
when we in renewed good faith retraced our steps to Geneva. Our parents
began at that season a long sojourn at the old Hotel de l'Ecu, which now
erects a somewhat diminished head on the edge of the rushing Rhone--its
only rival then was the Hotel des Bergues opposite, considerably larger
and commanding more or less the view of that profiled crest of
Mont-Blanc which used to be so oddly likened to the head and face of a
singularly supine Napoleon. But on that side the shooting blue flood was
less directly and familiarly under the windows; in our position we
lived with it and hung over it, and its beauty, just where we mainly
congregated, was, I fear, my own sole happy impression during several of
those months. It was of a Sunday that we congregated most; my two
younger brothers had, in general, on that day their _sortie_ from the
Pensionnat Maquelin, a couple of miles out of town, where they were then
established, and W. J., following courses at the Academy, in its present
enriched and amplified form the University, mingled, failing livelier
recreation, in the family circle at the hotel. Livelier recreation,
during the hours of completest ease, consisted mostly, as the period
drew itself out, of those _courses_, along the lake and along the hills,
which offer to student-life in whatever phase, throughout that blest
country, the most romantic of all forms of "a little change"; enjoyed
too in some degree, but much more restrictedly, by myself--this an
effect, as I remember feeling it, of my considerably greater servitude.
I had been placed, separately, at still another Institution, that of M.
Rochette, who carried on an Ecole Preparatoire aux Ecoles Speciales, by
which was meant in particular the Polytechnic School at Zurich, with
whatever other like curricula, always "scientific," might elsewhere be
aimed at; and I had been so disposed of under a flattering misconception
of my aptitudes that leaves me to-day even more wonderstruck than at
that immediate season of my distress.
I so feared and abhorred mathematics that the simplest arithmetical
operation had always found and kept me helpless and blank--the dire
discipline of the years bringing no relief whatever to my state; and
mathematics unmitigated were at the Institution Rochette the air we
breathed, building us up as they most officiously did for those other
grim ordeals and pursuits, those of the mining and the civil engineer,
those of the architectural aspirant and the technician in still other
fields, to which we were supposed to be addressed. Nothing of the sort
was indeed supposed of me--which is in particular my present
mystification; so that my assault of the preliminaries disclosed, feeble
as it strikingly remained, was mere darkness, waste and anguish. I found
myself able to bite, as the phrase was, into no subject there deemed
savoury; it was hard and bitter fruit all and turned to ashes in my
mouth. More extraordinary however than my good parents'
belief--eccentric on their part too, in the light of their usual
practice and disposition, their habit, for the most part, of liking for
us after a gasp or two whatever we seemed to like--was my own failure to
protest with a frankness proportioned to my horror. The stiffer
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Transcriber’s Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations
in hyphenation and spelling remain unchanged except where in conflict
with the index.
Page numbers have been added to the index entries for City Police, the,
and for Kingston-on-Hull
Italics are represented thus _italic_, bold thus =bold= and underlining
thus +underline+.
+The Survey of London+
MEDIÆVAL
LONDON
HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL
_UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME_
PRICE =30/= NET EACH
LONDON
IN THE TIME OF THE TUDORS
_With 146 Illustrations and a Reproduction of Agas’ Map of London in
1560._
“For the student, as well as for those desultory readers who are drawn
by the rare fascination of London to peruse its pages, this book
will have a value and a charm which are unsurpassed by any of its
predecessors.”—_Pall Mall Gazette._
“A vivid and fascinating picture of London life in the sixteenth
century—a novelist’s picture, full of life and movement, yet with the
accurate detail of an antiquarian treatise.”—_Contemporary Review._
LONDON
IN THE TIME OF THE STUARTS
_With 116 Illustrations and a Reproduction of Ogilby’s Map of London in
1677._
“It is a mine in which the student, alike of topography and of manners
and customs, may dig and dig again with the certainty of finding
something new and interesting.”—_The Times._
“The pen of the ready writer here is fluent; the picture wants nothing
in completeness. The records of the city and the kingdom
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THE WORKS OF APHRA BEHN, VOL. III
EDITED BY MONTAGUE SUMMERS
MCMXV
CONTENTS:
THE TOWN-<DW2>; OR, SIR TIMOTHY TAWDREY
THE FALSE COUNT
THE LUCKY CHANCE; OR, AN ALDERMAN'S BARGAIN
THE FORC'D MARRIAGE; OR, THE JEALOUS BRIDEGROOM
THE EMPEROR OF THE MOON
NOTES
THE TOWN-<DW2>; OR, SIR TIMOTHY TAWDREY.
ARGUMENT.
Sir Timothy Tawdrey is by the wishes of his mother and the lady's father
designed for Celinda, who loves Bellmour, nephew to Lord Plotwell. A
coxcomb of the first water, Sir Timothy receives a sharp rebuff when he
opens his suit, and accordingly he challenges Bellmour, but fails to
appear at the place of meeting. Celinda's old nurse, at night, admits
Bellmour to her mistress' chamber, where they are surprized by
Friendlove, her brother, who is, however, favourable to the union, the
more so as he is a friend of Bellmour, and they have but newly returned
from travelling together in Italy. Lord Plotwell warmly welcomes his
nephew home, and proceeds to unfold his design of giving him his niece
Diana in marriage. When he demurs, the old lord threatens to deprive him
of his estate, and he is compelled eventually to acquiesce in the
matrimonial schemes of his guardian. Bellmour sends word to Celinda, who
replies in a heart-broken letter; and at the wedding feast Friendlove,
who himself is deeply enamoured of Diana, appears in disguise to observe
the traitor. He is followed by his sister disguised as a boy, and upon
Friendlove's drawing on Bellmour a scuffle ensues which, however, ends
without harm. In the nuptial chamber Bellmour informs Diana that he
cannot love her and she quits him maddened with rage and disappointment.
Sir Timothy serenades the newly-mated pair and is threatened by
Bellmour, whilst Celinda, who has been watching the house, attacks the
<DW2> and his fiddlers. During the brawl Diana issuing forth meets
Celinda, and taking her for a boy leads her into the house and shortly
makes advances of love. They are interrupted by Friendlove, disguised,
and he receives Diana's commands to seek out and challenge Bellmour. At
the same time he reveals his love as though he told the tale of another,
but he is met with scorn and only bidden to fight the husband who has
repulsed her. Bellmour, meantime, in despair and rage at his misery
plunges into reckless debauchery, and in company with Sir Timothy visits
a bagnio, where they meet Betty Flauntit, the knight's kept mistress,
and other cyprians. Hither they are tracked by Charles, Bellmour's
younger brother, and Trusty, Lord Plotwell's old steward. Sharp words
pass, the brothers fight and Charles is slighted wounded. Their Uncle
hears of this with much indignation, and at the same time receiving a
letter from Diana begging for a divorce, he announces his intention to
further her purpose, and to abandon wholly Charles and Phillis, his
sister, in consequence of their elder brother's conduct. Sir Timothy,
induced by old Trusty, begins a warm courtship of Phillis, and arranges
with a parasite named Sham to deceive her by a mock marriage. Sham,
however, procures a real parson, and Sir Timothy is for the moment
afraid he has got a wife without a dowry or portion. Lord Plotwell
eventually promises to provide for her, and at Diana's request, now she
recognizes her mistake in trying to hold a man who does not love her,
Bellmour is forgiven and allowed to wed Celinda as soon as the divorce
has been pronounced, whilst Diana herself rewards Friendlove with
her hand.
SOURCE.
_The Town-<DW2>; or, Sir Timothy Tawdrey_ is materially founded upon
George Wilkins' popular play, _The Miseries of Enforced Marriage_ (4to,
1607, 1611, 1629, 1637), reprinted in Dodsley. Sir Timothy himself is
moulded to some extent upon Sir Francis Ilford, but, as Geneste aptly
remarks, he may be considered a new character. In the older drama,
Clare, the original of Celinda, dies tragically of a broken heart. It
cannot be denied that Mrs. Behn has greatly improved Wilkins' scenes.
The well-drawn character of Betty Flauntit is her own, and the
realistically vivacious bagnio episodes of Act iv replace a not very
interesting or lively tavern with a considerable accession to wit and
humour, although perhaps not to strict propriety.
THEATRICAL HISTORY.
_The Town-<DW2>; or, Sir Timothy Tawdrey_ was produced at the Duke's
Theatre, Dor
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E-text prepared by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed Proofreading
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JOSH BILLINGS ON ICE,
And Other Things.
* * * * *
_A NEW COMIC WORK_
JUST PUBLISHED, UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME, ENTITLED
Josh Billings, His Book.
WITH TWELVE COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.
[Symbol: Asterism] Copies sent by mail free
of postage, on receipt of price, $1.50 by
G. W. CARLETON & CO., Publishers.
New York.
* * * * *
[Illustration: Josh Billings visits the new Skating Pond, and witnesses
a rather interesting accident, which he describes as "a living lovely
mass ov disastrous skirt and tapring ankle."--_See page 12._]
JOSH BILLINGS ON ICE,
And Other Things.
With Comic Illustrations by J. H. Howard.
NEW YORK:
Carleton, Publisher, Madison Square.
London: S. Low, Son & Co.
M DCCC LXX.
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1868, by
G. W. Carleton & Co.,
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, for
the Southern District
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Transcribed from the 1902 (10th edition) by David Price,
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Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
[Illustration: Josh Billings at home.--Preparing his new Lecture.]
JOSH BILLINGS,
Hiz Sayings.
WITH COMIC ILLUSTRATIONS.
[Illustration]
NEW YORK:
_Carleton, Publisher, Madison Square._
LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO.
M DCCC LXX.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by
G. W. CARLETON,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of
New York
TO
DEAKON URIAH BILLINGS,
(A man ov menny virtues, and sum vices) this book
iz completely dedikated--and may he hav
the strength tew stand it.
Hiz own nephew,
JOSHUA BILLINGS
Tred litely, dear reader, for the ^way iz ruff. This book waz got up
tew sell, but if it don't prove tew be a sell, I shan't worry about it.
J. BILLINGS.
CONTENTS.
Page.
I. JOSH BILLINGS ON THE MULE. 13
II. JOSH BILLINGS INSURES HIS LIFE. 15
III. REMARKS. 17
IV. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 19
V. A TABLOWS IN 4 ACKS. 22
VI. FEMALE EDDIKASHUN. 25
VII. DEPOZETIONS. 28
VIII. WAR AND ARMY PHRAZES. 31
IX. PASHUNCE OV JOB. 34
X. FRIENDLY LETTER. 35
XI. AFFURISIMS. 37
XII. JOSH BILLINGS ON CATS. 40
XIII. REMARKS. 43
XIV. JOSH BILLINGS ADDRESSES THE BILLINGSVILLE
SOWING SOSIETY. 45
XV. NOSHUNS. 47
XVI. SAYINS. 51
XVII. REMARKS. 53
XVIII. THE DEVIL'S PUTTY AND VARNISH. 56
XIX. MANIFEST DESTINY 59
XX. ANSWERS TO CONTRIBUTORS. 62
XXI. ON DOGS. 64
XXII. SAYINGS OF JOSH BILLINGS. 67
XXIII. FASHION. 70
XXIV. REMARKS. 73
XXV. PROVERBIAL PIG. 75
XXVI. PROVERBS. 77
XXVII. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 79
XXVIII. PROVERBS OF THE BILLINGS FAMILY. 82
XXIX. A FU REMARKS. 85
XXX. A LEKTURE TEW MALE YUNG MEN ONLY. 87
XXXI. CLEVER FELLOWS. 90
XXXII. AFFERISIMS. 92
XXXIII. ANSWERS TO CONTRIBUTORS. 94
XXXIV. A SHORT AND VERY AFFEKTING ESSA
ON MAN. 97
XXXV. THE RASE KOARSE. 100
XXXVI. "GIV THE DEVIL HIZ DUE." 106
XXXVII. WATCH DOGS. 108
XXXVIII. ANSWERS TO CONTRIBUTORS. 110
XXXIX. REMARKS. 113
XL. AN ESSA ONTO MUSIK. 117
XLI. "MAN WAZ MADE TEW MOURN." 120
XLII. PROVERBS. 122
XLIII. KISSING CONSIDERED. 124
XLIV. FOR A FU MINNITS AMONG THE SPEERITS. 128
XLV. SAYINGS. 131
XLVI. JOSH GOES TO LONG BRANCH. 133
XLVII. TO MY LADY CORRESPONDENTS. 137
XLVIII. ON WIDDERS. 140
XLIX. THINGS THAT I DON'T HANKER AFTER
TO SEE. 143
L. ON COURTING. 145
LI. REMARKS. 149
LII. THE FAULT FINDER. 152
LIII. PROVERBS. 154
LIV. KOLIDING. 156
LV. ON SNAIKS AND MUDTURKLES. 157
LVI. TRUE BILLS. 161
LVII. NARRATIF. 163
LVIII. PHOTOGRAPHS. 167
LIX. AFFERISIMS. 169
LX. JOSH GITS ORFULLY BIT. 172
LXI. THINGS THAT SUIT ME. 174
LXII. MY FIRST GONG. 176
LXIII. PROVERBS. 178
LXIV. DISIPLIN IZ EVRATHING--IN 2 PARTS. 181
LXV. CORRESPONDENTS. 183
LXVI. JOSH BILLINGS AT SARATOGA SPRINGS. 186
LXVII. NOT ENNY SHANGHI FOR ME. 189
LXVIII. IS DISPOSING OF THINGS FOR CHARITABLE
PURPOSES BI "LOT" A SIN. 191
LXIX. ADVERTIZEMENT. 193
LXX. OUT WEST. 196
LXXI. SAYINS. 198
LXXII. A WIMMIN'S LEAGUE MEETIN. 200
LXXIII. A TRUE FISH STORY FOUNDED ON FAK. 203
LXXIV. AT SARATOGA SPRINGS. 205
LXXV. SPIRITUAL BELIEF OV THE BILLINGSES. 208
LXXVI. JOSH BILLINGS CORRESPONDS WITH A
"HAIR OIL AND VEGETABLE BITTERS MAN." 209
LXXVII. PROVERBS. 213
LXXVIII. DOMESTIK RECEIPTS IN FULL. 216
LXXIX. FAKS. 218
LXXX. ON LECTURES. 219
LXXXI. YANKEE NOSHUNS. 222
LXXXII. ATTENTION! SQUAD! 224
LXXXIII. THE FUST BABY. 226
LXXXIV. LAUGHING. 228
LXXXV. PIONEERS. 229
JOSH BILLINGS.
I.
JOSH BILLINGS ON THE MULE.
The mule is haf hoss, and haf Jackass, and then kums tu a full stop,
natur diskovering her mistake. Tha weigh more, akordin tu their heft,
than enny other kreetur, except a crowbar. Tha kant hear enny quicker,
nor further than the hoss, yet their ears are big enuff for snow shoes.
You kan trust them with enny one whose life aint worth enny more than
the mules. The only wa tu keep them into a paster, is tu turn them
into a medder jineing, and let them jump out. Tha are reddy for use,
just as soon as they will du tu abuse. Tha haint got enny friends, and
will live on huckel berry brush, with an ockasional chanse at Kanada
thissels. Tha are a modern invenshun, i dont think the Bible deludes tu
them at tall. Tha sel for more money than enny other domestik animile.
Yu kant tell their age by looking into their mouth, enny more than you
kould a Mexican cannons. Tha never hav no dissease that a good club
wont heal. If tha ever die tha must kum rite tu life agin, for i never
herd nobody sa "ded mule." Tha are like sum men, very korrupt at harte;
ive known them tu be good mules for 6 months, just tu git a good chanse
to kick sumbody. I never owned one, nor never mean to, unless there is
a United Staits law passed, requiring it. The only reason why tha are
pashunt, is bekause tha are ashamed ov themselfs. I have seen eddikated
mules in a sirkus. Tha kould kick, and bite, tremenjis. I would not sa
what I am forced tu sa again the mule, if his birth want an outrage,
and man want tu blame for it. Enny man who is willing tu drive a mule,
ought to be exempt by law from running for the legislatur. Tha are the
strongest creeturs on earth, and heaviest, ackording tu their sise; I
herd tell ov one who fell oph from the tow path, on the Eri kanawl, and
sunk as soon as he touched bottom, but he kept rite on towing the boat
tu the nex stashun, breathing thru his ears, which stuck out ov the
water about 2 feet 6 inches; i did'nt see this did, but an auctioneer
told me ov it, and i never knew an auctioneer tu lie unless it was
absolutely convenient.
II.
JOSH BILLINGS INSURES HIS LIFE.
I kum to the conclusion, lately, that life waz so onsartin, that the
only wa for me tu stand a fair chance with other folks, was to git my
life insured, and so i kalled on the Agent of the "Garden Angel life
insurance Co.," and answered the following questions, which waz put tu
me over the top ov a pair of goold specks, by a slik little fat old
feller, with a little round gray head, and az pretty a little belly on
him az enny man ever owned:--
QUESTIONS.
1st--Are yu mail or femail? if so, Pleze state how long you have been
so.
2d--Are yu subjec tu fits, and if so, do yu hav more than one at a time?
3d--What is yure precise fiteing weight?
4th--Did yu ever have enny ancestors, and if so, how much?
5th--What iz yure legal opinion ov the constitutionality ov the 10
commandments!
6th--Du yu ever hav enny nite mares?
7th--Are you married and single, or are yu a Bachelor?
8th--Do yu beleave in a futer state? if yu du, state it.
9th--What are yure private sentiments about a rush ov rats tu the head;
can it be did successfully?
10th--Hav yu ever committed suiside, and if so, how did it seem to
affect yu?
After answering the above questions, like a
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Produced by D Alexander, Cathy Maxam,
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MR. GLADSTONE AND GENESIS
ESSAY #5 FROM "SCIENCE AND HEBREW TRADITION"
By Thomas Henry Huxley
In controversy, as in courtship, the good old rule to be off with the
old before one is on with the new, greatly commends itself to my sense
of expediency. And, therefore, it appears to me desirable that I should
preface such observations as I may have to offer upon the cloud of
arguments (the relevancy of which to the issue which I had ventured to
raise is not always obvious) put forth by Mr. Gladstone in the January
number of this review, [1] by an endeavour to make clear to such of
our readers as have not had the advantage of a forensic education the
present net result of the discussion.
I am quite aware that, in undertaking this task, I run all the risks
to which the man who presumes to deal judicially with his own cause is
liable. But it is exactly because I do not shun that risk, but, rather,
earnestly desire to be judged by him who cometh after me, provided that
he has the knowledge and impartiality appropriate to a judge, that I
adopt my present course.
In the article on "The Dawn of Creation and Worship," it will be
remembered that Mr. Gladstone unreservedly commits himself to three
propositions. The first is that, according to the writer of the
Pentateuch, the "water-population," the "air-population," and the
"land-population" of the globe were created successively, in the order
named. In the second place, Mr. Gladstone authoritatively asserts that
this (as part of his "fourfold order") has been "so affirmed in our time
by natural science, that it may be taken as a demonstrated conclusion
and established fact." In the third place, Mr. Gladstone argues that the
fact of this coincidence of the pentateuchal story with the results
of modern investigation makes it "impossible to avoid the conclusion,
first, that either this writer was gifted with faculties passing all
human experience, or else his knowledge was divine." And having settled
to his own satisfaction that the first "branch of the alternative is
truly nominal and unreal," Mr. Gladstone continues, "So stands the plea
for a revelation of truth from God, a plea only to be met by questioning
its possibility" (p. 697).
I am a simple-minded person, wholly devoid of subtlety of intellect, so
that I willingly admit that there may be depths of alternative meaning
in these propositions out of all soundings attainable by my poor
plummet. Still there are a good many people who suffer under a like
intellectual limitation; and, for once in my life, I feel that I have
the chance of attaining that position of a representative of average
opinion which appears to be the modern ideal of a leader of men, when
I make free confession that, after turning the matter over in my mind,
with all the aid derived from a careful consideration of Mr. Gladstone's
reply, I cannot get away from my original conviction that, if Mr.
Gladstone's second proposition can be shown to be not merely inaccurate,
but directly contradictory of facts known to every one who is acquainted
with the elements of natural science, the third proposition collapses of
itself.
And it was this conviction which led me to enter upon the present
discussion. I fancied that if my respected clients, the people of
average opinion and capacity, could once be got distinctly to conceive
that Mr. Gladstone's views as to the proper method of dealing with grave
and difficult scientific and religious problems had permitted him to
base a solemn "plea for a revelation of truth from God" upon an error as
to a matter of fact, from which the intelligent perusal of a manual of
palaeontology would have saved him, I need not trouble myself to
occupy their time and attention [167] with further comments upon his
contribution to apologetic literature. It is for others to judge whether
I have efficiently carried out my project or not. It certainly does not
count for much that I should be unable to find any flaw in my own case,
but I think it counts for a good deal that Mr. Gladstone appears to have
been equally unable to do so. He does, indeed, make a great parade of
authorities, and I have the greatest respect for those authorities whom
Mr. Gladstone mentions. If he will get them to sign a joint memorial to
the effect that our present palaeontological evidence proves that birds
appeared before the "land-population" of terrestrial reptiles, I shall
think it my duty to reconsider my position--but not till then.
It will be observed that I have cautiously used the word "appears" in
referring to what seems to me to be absence of any real answer to my
criticisms in Mr. Gladstone's reply. For I must honestly confess that,
notwithstanding long and painful strivings after clear insight, I am
still uncertain whether Mr. Gladstone's "Defence" means that the
great "plea for a revelation from God" is to be left to perish in the
dialectic desert; or whether it is to be withdrawn under the protection
of such skirmishers as are available for covering retreat.
In particular, the remarkable disquisition which covers pages 11 to
14 of Mr. Gladstone's last contribution has greatly exercised my mind.
Socrates is reported to have said of the works of Heraclitus that he who
attempted to comprehend them should be a "Delian swimmer," but that, for
his part, what he could understand was so good that he was disposed
to believe in the excellence of that which he found unintelligible. In
endeavouring to make myself master of Mr. Gladstone
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Produced by Wendy Crockett, Carlo Traverso, Charles Franks
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team, from images
generously made available by the Bibliotheque nationale
de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr.
[Transcriber's Note: Footnotes have been numbered sequentially and
moved to the end of the text.]
LIVES OF THE NECROMANCERS:
OR
AN ACCOUNT OF THE MOST EMINENT PERSONS IN SUCCESSIVE AGES, WHO HAVE
CLAIMED FOR THEMSELVES, OR TO WHOM HAS BEEN IMPUTED BY OTHERS,
THE
EXERCISE OF MAGICAL POWER.
BY WILLIAM GODWIN.
LONDON
Frederick J Mason, 444, West Strand
1834
PREFACE.
The main purpose of this book is to exhibit a fair delineation of the
credulity of the human mind. Such an exhibition cannot fail to be
productive of the most salutary lessons.
One view of the subject will teach us a useful pride in the abundance
of our faculties. Without pride man is in reality of little value. It
is pride that stimulates us to all our great undertakings. Without
pride, and the secret persuasion of extraordinary talents, what man
would take up the pen with a view to produce an important work,
whether of imagination and poetry, or of profound science, or of acute
and subtle reasoning and intellectual anatomy? It is pride in this
sense that makes the great general and the consummate legislator, that
animates us to tasks the most laborious, and causes us to shrink from
no difficulty, and to be confounded and overwhelmed with no obstacle
that can be interposed in our path.
Nothing can be more striking than the contrast between man and the
inferior animals. The latter live only for the day, and see for the
most part only what is immediately before them. But man lives in the
past and the future. He reasons upon and improves by the past; he
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Produced by Steve Pond
HERO TALES AND LEGENDS OF THE RHINE
By Lewis Spence (1874-1955)
Originally published: Hero tales & legends of the Rhine.
London; New York:
George C. Harrap, 1915.
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
I TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL
II THE RHINE IN FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE
III CLEVES TO THE LOeWENBURG
IV DRACHENFELS TO RHEINSTEIN
V FALKENBURG TO AUERBACH
VI WORMS AND THE NIBELUNGENLIED
VII HEIDELBERG TO SAeCKINGEN
INTRODUCTION
An abundance of literature exists on the subject of the Rhine and its
legends, but with few exceptions the works on it which are accessible
to English-speaking peoples are antiquated in spirit and verbiage, and
their authors have been content to accept the first version of such
legends and traditions as came their way without submitting them to
any critical examination. It is claimed for this book that much of its
matter was collected on the spot, or that at least most of the
tales here presented were perused in other works at the scene of the
occurrences related. This volume is thus something more than a
mere compilation, and when it is further stated that only the most
characteristic and original versions and variants of the many tales here
given have gained admittance to the collection, its value will become
apparent.
It is, of course, no easy task to infuse a spirit of originality into
matter which has already achieved such a measure of celebrity as have
these wild and wondrous tales of Rhineland. But it is hoped that the
treatment to which these stories have been subjected is not without a
novelty of its own. One circumstance may be alluded to as characteristic
of the manner of their treatment in this work. In most English books
on Rhine legend the tales themselves are presented in a form so brief,
succinct, and uninspiring as to rob them entirely of that mysterious
glamour lacking which they become mere material by which to add to and
illustrate the guide-book. The absence of the romantic spirit in most
English and American compilations dealing with the Rhine legends is
noteworthy, and in writing this book the author's intention has been to
supply this striking defect by retaining as much of the atmosphere
of mystery so dear to the German heart as will convey to the
English-speaking reader a true conception of the spirit of German
legend.
But it is not contended that because greater space and freedom of
narrative scope than is usual has been taken by the author the volume
would not prove itself an acceptable companion upon a voyage on Rhine
waters undertaken in holiday times of peace. Indeed, every attempt has
been made so to arrange the legends that they will illustrate a Rhine
journey from sea to source--the manner in which the majority of visitors
to Germany will make the voyage--and to this end the tales have been
marshalled in such form that a reader sitting on the deck of a Rhine
steamer may be able to peruse the legends relating to the various
localities in their proper order as he passes them. There are included,
however, several tales relating to places which cannot be viewed from
the deck of a steamer, but which may be visited at the cost of a short
inland excursion. These are such as from their celebrity could not be
omitted from any work on the legends of Rhineland, but they are few in
number.
The historical development, folklore, poetry, and art of the
Rhine-country have been dealt with in a special introductory chapter.
The history of the Rhine basin is a complicated and uneven one, chiefly
consisting in the rapid and perplexing rise and fall of dynasties and
the alternate confiscation of one or both banks of the devoted stream
to the empires of France or Germany. But the evolution of a reasoned
narrative has been attempted from this chaotic material, and, so far
as the author is aware, it is the only one existing in English. The
folklore and romance elements in Rhine legend have been carefully
examined, and the best poetic material upon the storied river has been
critically collected and reviewed. To those who may one day visit the
Rhine it is hoped that the volume may afford a suitable introduction to
a fascinating field of travel, while to such as have already viewed
its glories it may serve to renew old associations and awaken cherished
memories of a river without peer or parallel in its wealth of story, its
boundless mystery, and the hold which it has exercised upon all who
have lingered by the hero-trodden paths that wind among its mysterious
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