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Produced by Stephen D. Leary
BORIS GODUNOV
A Drama in Verse
By Alexander Pushkin
Rendered into English verse by Alfred Hayes
DRAMATIS PERSONAE*
BORIS GODUNOV, afterwards Tsar.
PRINCE SHUISKY, Russian noble.
PRINCE VOROTINSKY, Russian noble.
SHCHELKALOV, Russian Minister of State.
FATHER PIMEN, an old monk and chronicler.
GREGORY OTREPIEV, a young monk, afterwards the Pretender
to the throne of Russia.
THE PATRIARCH, Abbot of the Chudov Monastery.
MISSAIL, wandering friar.
VARLAAM, wandering friar.
ATHANASIUS MIKAILOVICH PUSHKIN, friend of Prince Shuisky.
FEODOR, young son of Boris Godunov.
SEMYON NIKITICH GODUNOV, secret agent of Boris Godunov.
GABRIEL PUSHKIN, nephew of A. M. Pushkin.
PRINCE KURBSKY, disgraced Russian noble.
KHRUSHCHOV, disgraced Russian noble.
KARELA, a Cossack.
PRINCE VISHNEVETSKY.
MNISHEK, Governor of Sambor.
BASMANOV, a Russian officer.
MARZHERET, officer of the Pretender.
ROZEN, officer of the Pretender.
DIMITRY, the Pretender, formerly Gregory Otrepiev.
MOSALSKY, a Boyar.
KSENIA, daughter of Boris Godunov.
NURSE of Ksenia.
MARINA, daughter of Mnishek.
ROUZYA, tire-woman of Ksenia.
HOSTESS of tavern.
Boyars, The People, Inspectors, Officers, Attendants, Guests,
a Boy in attendance on Prince Shuisky, a Catholic Priest, a
Polish Noble, a Poet, an Idiot, a Beggar, Gentlemen, Peasants,
Guards, Russian, Polish, and German Soldiers, a Russian
Prisoner of War, Boys, an old Woman, Ladies, Serving-women.
*The list of Dramatis Personae which does not appear in the
original has been added for the convenience of the reader--
A.H.
PALACE OF THE KREMLIN
(FEBRUARY 20th, A.D. 1598)
PRINCE SHUISKY and VOROTINSKY
VOROTINSKY. To keep the city's peace, that is the task
Entrusted to us twain, but you forsooth
Have little need to watch; Moscow is empty;
The people to the Monastery have flocked
After the patriarch. What thinkest thou?
How will this trouble end?
SHUISKY. How will it end?
That is not hard to tell. A little more
The multitude will groan and wail, Boris
Pucker awhile his forehead, like a toper
Eyeing a glass of wine, and in the end
Will humbly of his graciousness consent
To take the crown; and then--and then will rule us
Just as before.
VOROTINSKY. A month has flown already
Since, cloistered with his sister, he forsook
The world's affairs. None hitherto hath shaken
His purpose, not the patriarch, not the boyars
His counselors; their tears, their prayers he heeds not;
Deaf is he to the wail of Moscow, deaf
To the Great Council's voice; vainly they urged
The sorrowful nun-queen to consecrate
Boris to sovereignty; firm was his sister,
Inexorable as he; methinks Boris
Inspired her with this spirit. What if our ruler
Be sick in very deed of cares of state
And hath no strength to mount the throne? What
Say'st thou?
SHUISKY. I say that in that case the blood in vain
Flowed of the young tsarevich, that Dimitry
Might just as well be living.
VOROTINSKY. Fearful crime!
Is it beyond all doubt Boris contrived
The young boy's murder?
SHUISKY. Who besides? Who else
Bribed Chepchugov in vain? Who sent in secret
The brothers Bityagovsky with Kachalov?
Myself was sent to Uglich, there to probe
This matter on the spot; fresh traces there
I found; the whole town bore witness to the crime;
With one accord the burghers all affirmed it;
And with a single word, when I returned,
I could have proved the secret villain's guilt.
VOROTINSKY. Why didst thou then not crush him?
SHUISKY. At the time,
I do confess, his unexpected calmness,
His shamelessness, dismayed me. Honestly
He looked me in the eyes; he questioned me
Closely, and I repeated to his face
The foolish tale himself had whispered to me.
VOROTINSKY. An ugly business, prince.
SHUISKY. What could I do?
Declare all to Feodor? But the tsar
Saw all things with the eyes of Godunov.
Heard all things with the ears of Godunov;
Grant even that I might have fully proved it,
Boris would have denied it there and then,
And I should have been haled away to prison,
And in good time--like mine own uncle--strangled
Within the silence of some deaf-walled dungeon.
I boast not when I say that, given occasion,
No penalty affrights me. I am no coward,
But also am no fool, and do not choose
Of my free will to walk into
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BIRDS OF PREY
BY
M.E. BRADDON
[Illustration: "Be good enough to take me straight to her," said the
Captain, "I am her father."]
CONTENTS:
Book the First.
FATAL FRIENDSHIP.
I. THE HOUSE IN BLOOMSBURY
II. PHILIP SHELDON READS THE "LANCET"
III. MR. AND MRS. HALLIDAY
IV. A PERPLEXING ILLNESS
V. THE LETTER FROM THE "ALLIANCE" OFFICE
VI. MR. BURKHAM'S UNCERTAINTIES
Book the Second.
THE TWO MACAIRES.
I. A GOLDEN TEMPLE
II. THE EASY DESCENT
III. "HEART BARE, HEART HUNGRY, VERY POOR"
Book the Third.
HEAPING UP RICHES.
I. A FORTUNATE MARRIAGE
II. CHARLOTTE
III. GEORGE SHELDON'S PROSPECTS
IV. DIANA FINDS A NEW HOME
V. AT THE LAWN
VI. THE COMPACT OF GRAY'S INN
VII. AUNT SARAH
VIII. CHARLOTTE PROPHESIES RAIN
IX. MR. SHELDON ON THE WATCH
Book the Fourth.
VALENTINE HAWKEHURST'S RECORD.
I. THE OLDEST INHABITANT
II. MATTHEW HAYGARTH'S RESTING-PLACE
III. MR. GOODGE'S WISDOM
Book the Fifth.
RELICS OF THE DEAD.
I. BETRAYED BY A BLOTTING-PAD
II. VALENTINE INVOKES THE PHANTOMS OF THE PAST
III. HUNTING THE JUDSONS
IV. GLIMPSES OF A BYGONE LIFE
Book the Sixth.
THE HEIRESS OF THE HAYGARTHS.
I. DISAPPOINTMENT
II. VALENTINE'S RECORD CONTINUED
III. ARCADIA
IV. IN PARADISE
V. TOO FAIR TO LAST
VI. FOUND IN THE BIBLE
Book the Seventh.
CHARLOTTE'S ENGAGEMENT.
I. "IN YOUR PATIENCE YE ARE STRONG"
II. MRS. SHELDON ACCEPTS HER DESTINY
III. MR. HAWKEHURST AND MR. GEORGE SHELDON COME TO AN UNDERSTANDING
IV. MR. SHELDON IS PROPITIOUS
V. MR. SHELDON IS BENEVOLENT
VI. RIDING THE HIGH HORSE
VII. MR. SHELDON IS PRUDENT
VIII. CHRISTMAS PEACE
BIRDS OF PREY
BOOK THE FIRST.
FATAL FRIENDSHIP.
CHAPTER I.
THE HOUSE IN BLOOMSBURY.
"What about?" There are some houses whereof the outward aspect is
sealed with the seal of respectability--houses which inspire confidence
in the minds of the most sceptical of butchers and bakers--houses at
whose area-gates the tradesman delivers his goods undoubtingly, and
from whose spotless door-steps the vagabond children of the
neighbourhood recoil as from a shrine too sacred for their gambols.
Such a house made its presence obvious, some years ago, in one of the
smaller streets of that west-central region which lies between Holborn
and St. Pancras Church. It is perhaps the nature of
ultra-respectability to be disagreeably conspicuous. The unsullied
brightness of No. 14 Fitzgeorge-street was a standing reproach to every
other house in the dingy thorough-fare. That one spot of cleanliness
made the surrounding dirt cruelly palpable. The muslin curtains in the
parlour windows of No. 15 would not have appeared of such a smoky
yellow if the curtains of No. 14 had not been of such a pharisaical
whiteness. Mrs. Magson, at No. 13, was a humble letter of lodgings,
always more or less in arrear with the demands of quarter-day; and it
seemed a hard thing that her door-steps, whereon were expended much
labour and hearthstone--not to mention house-flannel, which was in
itself no unimportant item in the annual expenses--should be always
thrown in the shade by the surpassing purity of the steps before No. 14.
Not satisfied with being the very pink and pattern of respectability,
the objectionable house even aspired to a kind of prettiness. It was as
bright, and pleasant, and rural of aspect as any house within earshot
of the roar and rattle of Holborn can be. There were flowers in the
windows; gaudy scarlet geraniums, which seemed to enjoy an immunity
from all the ills to which geraniums are subject, so impossible was it
to discover a faded leaf amongst their greenness, or the presence of
blight amidst their wealth of blossom. There were birdcages within the
shadow of the muslin curtains, and the colouring of the newly-pointed
brickwork was agreeably relieved by the vivid green of Venetian blinds.
The freshly-varnished street-door bore a brass-plate, on which to look
was to be dazzled; and the effect produced by this combination of white
door-step, scarlet geranium, green blind, and brass-plate was
obtrusively brilliant.
Those who had been so privileged as to behold the interior of the house
in Fitzgeorge-street brought away with them a sense of admiration that
was the next thing to envy. The pink and pattern of propriety within,
as it was the pink and pattern of propriety without, it excited in
every breast alike a wondering awe, as of a habitation tenanted by some
mysterious being, infinitely superior to the common order of
householders.
The inscription on the brass-plate informed the neighbourhood that No.
14 was occupied by Mr. Sheldon, surgeon-dentist; and the dwellers in
Fitzgeorge-street amused themselves in their leisure hours by
speculative discussions upon the character and pursuits, belongings and
surroundings, of this gentleman.
Of course he was eminently respectable. On that question no
Fitzgeorgian had ever hazarded a doubt. A householder with such a
door-step and such muslin curtains could not be other than the most
correct of mankind; for, if there is any external evidence by which a
dissolute life or an ill-regulated mind will infallibly betray itself,
that evidence is to be found in the yellowness and limpness of muslin
window-curtains. The eyes are the windows of the soul, says the poet;
but if a man's eyes are not open to your inspection, the windows of his
house will help you to discover his character as an individual, and his
solidity as a citizen. At least such was the opinion cherished in
Fitzgeorge-street, Russell-square.
The person and habits of Mr. Sheldon were in perfect harmony with the
aspect of the house. The unsullied snow of the door-step reproduced
itself in the unsullied snow of his shirt-front; the brilliancy of the
brass-plate was reflected in the glittering brightness of his
gold-studs; the varnish on the door was equalled by the lustrous
surface of his black-satin waistcoat; the careful pointing of the
brickwork was in a manner imitated by the perfect order of his polished
finger-nails and the irreproachable neatness of his hair and whiskers.
No dentist or medical practitioner of any denomination had inhabited
the house in Fitzgeorge-street before the coming of Philip Sheldon. The
house had been unoccupied for upwards of a year, and was in the last
stage of shabbiness and decay, when the bills disappeared all at once
from the windows, and busy painters and bricklayers set their ladders
against the dingy brickwork. Mr. Sheldon took the house on a long
lease, and spent two or three hundred pounds in the embellishment of
it. Upon the completion of all repairs and decorations, two great
waggon-loads of furniture, distinguished by that old fashioned
clumsiness which is eminently suggestive of respectability, arrived
from the Euston-square terminus, while a young man of meditative aspect
might have been seen on his knees, now in one empty chamber, anon in
another, performing some species of indoor surveying, with a three-foot
rule, a loose little oblong memorandum-book, and the merest stump of a
square lead-pencil. This was an emissary from the carpet warehouse; and
before nightfall it was known to more than one inhabitant in
Fitzgeorge-street that the stranger was going to lay down new carpets.
The new-comer was evidently of an active and energetic temperament, for
within three days of his arrival the brass-plate on his street-door
announced his profession, while a neat little glass-case, on a level
with the eye of the passing pedestrian, exhibited specimens of his
skill in mechanical dentistry, and afforded instruction and amusement
to the boys of the neighbourhood, who criticised the glistening white
teeth and impossibly red gums, displayed behind the plate-glass, with a
like vigour and freedom of language. Nor did Mr. Sheldon's announcement
of his profession confine itself to the brass-plate and the glass-case.
A shabby-genteel young man pervaded the neighbourhood for some days
after the surgeon-dentist's advent, knocking a postman's knock, which
only lacked the galvanic sharpness of the professional touch, and
delivering neatly-printed circulars to the effect that Mr. Sheldon,
surgeon-dentist, of 14 Fitzgeorge-street, had invented some novel
method of adjusting false teeth, incomparably superior to any existing
method, and that he had, further, patented an improvement on nature in
the way
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E-text prepared by sp1nd, Matthew Wheaton, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (http://archive.org/)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
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See 42140-h.htm or 42140-h.zip:
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Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
http://archive.org/details/greuzeocad00mackuoft
Masterpieces in Colour
Edited by--T. Leman Hare
GREUZE
1725-1805
* * * * * *
"MASTERPIECES IN COLOUR" SERIES
ARTIST. AUTHOR.
BELLINI. GEORGE HAY.
BOTTICELLI. HENRY B. BINNS.
BOUCHER. C. HALDANE MACFALL.
BURNE-JONES. A. LYS BALDRY.
CARLO DOLCI. GEORGE HAY.
CHARDIN. PAUL G. KONODY.
CONSTABLE. C. LEWIS HIND.
COROT. SIDNEY ALLNUTT.
DA VINCI. M. W. BROCKWELL.
DELACROIX. PAUL G. KONODY.
DUERER. H. E. A. FURST.
FRA ANGELICO. JAMES MASON.
FRA FILIPPO LIPPI. PAUL G. KONODY.
FRAGONARD. C. HALDANE MACFALL.
FRANZ HALS. EDGCUMBE STALEY.
GAINSBOROUGH. MAX ROTHSCHILD.
GREUZE. ALYS EYRE MACKLIN.
HOGARTH. C. LEWIS HIND.
HOLBEIN. S. L. BENSUSAN.
HOLMAN HUNT. MARY E. COLERIDGE.
INGRES. A. J. FINBERG.
LAWRENCE. S. L. BENSUSAN.
LE BRUN, VIGEE. C. HALDANE MACFALL.
LEIGHTON. A. LYS BALDRY.
LUINI. JAMES MASON.
MANTEGNA. MRS. ARTHUR BELL.
MEMLINC. W. H. J. & J. C. WEALE.
MILLAIS. A. LYS BALDRY.
MILLET. PERCY M. TURNER.
MURILLO. S. L. BENSUSAN.
PERUGINO. SELWYN BRINTON.
RAEBURN. JAMES L. CAW.
RAPHAEL. PAUL G. KONODY.
REMBRANDT. JOSEF ISRAELS.
REYNOLDS. S. L. BENSUSAN.
ROMNEY. C. LEWIS HIND.
ROSSETTI. LUCIEN PISSARRO.
RUBENS. S. L. BENSUSAN.
SARGENT. T. MARTIN WOOD.
TINTORETTO. S. L. BENSUSAN.
TITIAN. S. L. BENSUSAN.
TURNER. C. LEWIS HIND.
VAN DYCK. PERCY M. TURNER.
VAN EYCK. J. CYRIL M. WEALE.
VELAZQUEZ. S. L. BENSUSAN.
WATTEAU. C. LEWIS HIND.
WATTS. W. LOFTUS HARE.
WHISTLER. T. MARTIN WOOD.
_Others in Preparation._
* * * * * *
[Illustration: PLATE I.--L'ACCORDEE DU VILLAGE. (Frontispiece)
This picture, at first entitled "A Father handing over the
Marriage-portion of his Daughter," then "The Village Bride," is
the best of Greuze's subject pictures. The scene is more or less
naturally arranged, and informed with the tender homely sentiment
inspired by the subject; and the bride, with her fresh young face
and modest attitude, is a delicious figure. It was exhibited in the
Salon of 1761, and now hangs in the Louvre.]
GREUZE
by
ALYS EYRE MACKLIN
Illustrated with Eight Reproductions in Colour
[Illustration: IN SEMPITERNUM.]
London: T. C. & E. C. Jack
New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
CONTENTS
Chap. Page
I. Early Days and First Success 11
II. The Times in which Greuze Lived 20
III. Greuze's Moral Pictures 27
IV. The Pictures by which we know Greuze 35
V. The Vanity of Greuze 44
VI. "The Broken Pitcher" and other well-known Pictures 52
VII. Ruin and Death 62
VIII. The Art of Greuze 71
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate
I. L'Accordee du Village Frontispiece
In the Louvre
Page
II. L'Innocence tenant deux Pigeons 14
In the Wallace Collection
III. La Malediction paternelle 24
In the Louvre
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LIVES OF THE POETS: GAY, THOMSON, YOUNG, and OTHERS
By Samuel Johnson
Contents.
Introduction by Henry Morley.
William King.
Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax.
Dr. Thomas Parnell.
Samuel Garth.
Nicholas Rowe.
John Gay.
Thomas Tickell.
William Somervil[l]e.
James Thomson.
Dr. Isaac Watts.
Ambrose Philips.
Gilbert West.
William Collins.
John Dyer.
William Shenstone.
Edward Young.
David Mallet.
Mark Akenside.
Thomas Gray.
George Lyttelton.
INTRODUCTION.
This volume contains a record of twenty lives, of which only one--that
of Edward Young--is treated at length. It completes our edition of
Johnson's Lives of the Poets, from which a few only of the briefest and
least important have been omitted.
The eldest of the Poets here discussed were Samuel Garth, Charles
Montague (Lord Halifax), and William King, who were born within the
years 1660-63. Next in age were Addison's friend Ambrose Philips,
and Nicholas Rowe the dramatist, who was also the first editor of
Shakespeare's plays after the four folios had appeared. Ambrose Philips
and Rowe were born in 1671 and 1673, and Isaac Watts in 1674. Thomas
Parnell, born in 1679, would follow next, nearly of like age with Young,
whose birth-year was 1681. Pope's friend John Gay was of Pope's age,
born in 1688, two years later than Addison's friend Thomas Tickell, who
was born in 1686. Next in the course of years
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FREELAND
A SOCIAL ANTICIPATION
BY
DR. THEODOR HERTZKA
TRANSLATED BY
ARTHUR RANSOM
1891
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
This book contains a translation of _Freiland; ein sociales Zukunftsbild_,
by Dr. THEODOR HERTZKA, a Viennese economist. The first German edition
appeared early in 1890, and was rapidly followed by three editions in an
abridged form. This translation is made from the unabridged edition, with a
few emendations from the subsequent editions.
The author has long been known as an eminent representative of those
Austrian Economists who belong to what is known on the Continent as the
Manchester School as distinguished from the Historical School. In 1872 he
became economic editor of the _Neue Freie Presse_; and in 1874 he with
others founded the Society of Austrian National Economists. In 1880 he
published _Die Gesetze der Handels-und Sozialpolitik_; and in 1886 _Die
Gesetze der Sozialentwickelung_. At various times he has published works
which have made him an authority upon currency questions. In 1889 he
founded, and he still edits, the weekly _Zeitschrift fuer Staats-und
Volkswirthschaft_.
How the author was led to modify some of his earlier views will be found
detailed in the introduction of the present work.
The publication of _Freiland_ immediately called forth in Austria and
Germany a desire to put the author's views in practice. In many of the
larger towns and cities a number of persons belonging to all classes of
society organised local societies for this purpose, and these local
societies have now been united into an International Freeland Society. At
the first plenary meeting of the Vienna _Freilandverein_ in March last, it
was announced that a suitable tract of land in British East Africa, between
Mount Kenia and the coast, had already been placed at the disposal of the
Society; and a hope was expressed that the actual formation of a Freeland
Colony would not be long delayed. It is anticipated that the English
edition of _Freiland_ will bring a considerable number of English-speaking
members into the Society; and it is intended soon to make an application to
the British authorities for a guarantee of non-interference by the
Government with the development of Freeland institutions.
Any of the readers of this book who wish for further information concerning
the Freeland movement, may apply either to Dr. HERTZKA in Vienna, or to the
Translator.
A.R.
ST. LOYES, BEDFORD: _June_, 1891.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
The economic and social order of the modern world exhibits a strange
enigma, which only a prosperous thoughtlessness can regard with
indifference or, indeed, without a shudder. We have made such splendid
advances in art and science that the unlimited forces of nature have been
brought into subjection, and only await our command to perform for us all
our disagreeable and onerous tasks, and to wring from the soil and prepare
for use whatever man, the master of the world, may need. As a consequence,
a moderate amount of labour ought to produce inexhaustible abundance for
everyone born of woman; and yet all these glorious achievements have
not--as Stuart Mill forcibly says--been able to mitigate one human woe.
And, what is more, the ever-increasing facility of producing an abundance
has proved a curse to multitudes who lack necessaries because there exists
no demand for the many good and useful things which they are able to
produce. The industrial activity of the present day is a ceaseless confused
struggle with the various symptoms of the dreadful evil known as
'over-production.' Protective duties, cartels and trusts, guild agitations,
strikes--all these are but the desperate resistance offered by the classes
engaged in production to the inexorable consequences of the apparently so
absurd, but none the less real, phenomenon that increasing facility in the
production of wealth brings ruin and misery in its train.
That science stands helpless and perplexed before this enigma, that no beam
of light has yet penetrated and dispelled the gloom of this--the
social--problem, though that problem has exercised the minds of the noblest
and best of to-day, is in part due to the fact that the solution has been
sought in a wrong direction.
Let us see, for example, what Stuart Mill says upon this subject: 'I looked
forward... to a future'... whose views (and institutions)... shall be
'so firmly grounded in reason and in the true exigencies of life that
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Transcriber's Notes:
Underscores "_" before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_
in the original text.
A single underscore designates a subscript.
Equal signs "=" before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold=
in the original text.
Carat symbol "^" designates a superscript.
Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals.
Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs.
Typographical errors have been silently corrected but other variations
in spelling and punctuation remain unaltered.
DECEMBER,
Volume XVI. 1915 Number 2.
The Ohio
Journal of Science
(Continuation of The Ohio Naturalist)
Official Organ of the
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY
and of the
OHIO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
COLUMBUS, OHIO
Annual Subscription Price, $2.00 Single Number, 30 Cents
Entered at the Post-Office at Columbus, Ohio, as Second-Class Matter.
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
PUBLISHED BY THE
Ohio State University Scientific Society
Issued Monthly during the Academic Year,
from November to June (eight numbers).
OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE OHIO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Subscription Price: $2.00 per Year, payable in advance;
to Foreign Countries, $2.50.
Single Copies, 30 Cents.
Editor, JOHN H. SCHAFFNER
Associate Editor, JAMES S. HINE
Associate Editor, FREDERICK W. IVES
EDITORIAL BOARD
J. F. LYMAN Agricultural Chemistry
F. W. IVES Agricultural Engineering
A. G. MCCALL Agronomy
F. L. LANDACRE Anatomy
J. H. SCHAFFNER Botany
CARL B. HARROP Ceramic Engineering
JAS. R. WITHROW Chemistry
F. H. ENO Civil Engineering
MINNA C. DENTON Home Economics
N. W. SCHERER Forestry
C. S. PROSSER Geology
V. H. DAVIS Horticulture
W. A. KNIGHT Industrial Arts
C. J. WEST Mathematics
HORACE JUDD Mechanical Engineering
JONATHAN FORMAN Pathology
F. C. BLAKE Physics
R. J. SEYMOUR Physiology (General)
CLAYTON MCPEEK Physiology (Medical)
E. R. HAYHURST Public Health & Sanitation
J. S. HINE Zoology and Entomology
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE is owned and controlled by the Ohio State
University Scientific Society. By a special arrangement with the Ohio
Academy of Science, the OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE is sent without
additional expense to all members of the Academy who are not in arrears
for annual dues.
The first fifteen volumes of the old OHIO NATURALIST may be obtained at
$1.00 per volume.
Remittances of all kinds should be made payable to the Business Manager,
J. S. HINE.
Address The Ohio Journal of Science Ohio State University,
Columbus
=Ohio Academy of Science Publications.=
First and Second Annual Reports Price 30 cts. each
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3. The Preglacial Drainage of Ohio. pp. 76. W. G. TIGHT,
J. A. BOWNOCKER, J. H. TODD and GERARD FOWKE 50 cts.
4. The Fishes of Ohio. pp. 105. RAYMOND C. OSBURN 60 cts.
5. Tabanidæ of Ohio. pp. 63. JAMES S. HINE 50 cts.
6. The Birds of Ohio. pp. 241. LYNDS JONES 75 cts.
7. Ecological Study of Big Spring Prairie. pp. 96.
THOMAS A. BONSER 50 cts.
8. The Coccidæ of Ohio, i. pp. 66. JAMES G. SANDERS 50 cts.
9. Batrachians and Reptiles of Ohio. pp. 54. MAX MORSE 50 cts.
10. Ecological Study of Brush Lake. pp. 20. J. H. SCHAFFNER,
OTTO E. JENN
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IV (OF 6)***
E-text prepared by Adrian Mastronardi and the Online Distributed
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available by Internet Archive/American Libraries
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Note: Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
http://archive.org/details/historyofantiqui04dunciala
Transcriber's note:
1. Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
2. A carat character is used to denote superscription. A
single character following the carat is superscripted
(example: 1^2).
3. Mixed fractions in this text version are indicated with
a hyphen and forward slash. For example, four and a half
is represented by 4-1/2.
4. The original text includes Greek characters. For this
text version these letters have been replaced with
transliterations.
THE HISTORY OF ANTIQUITY.
From the German of
PROFESSOR MAX DUNCKER,
by
Evelyn Abbott, M.A., LL.D.,
Fellow And Tutor Of Balliol College, Oxford.
VOL. IV.
London:
Richard Bentley & Son, New Burlington Street,
Publishers in Ordinary to Her Majesty the Queen.
1880.
Bungay:
Clay and Taylor, Printers.
CONTENTS.
BOOK V.
_THE ARIANS ON THE INDUS AND THE GANGES._
CHAPTER I. PAGE
THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE 1
CHAPTER II.
THE ARYAS ON THE INDUS 27
CHAPTER III.
THE CONQUEST OF THE LAND OF THE GANGES 65
CHAPTER IV.
THE FORMATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE ORDERS 110
CHAPTER V.
THE OLD AND THE NEW RELIGION 154
CHAPTER VI.
THE CONSTITUTION AND LAW OF THE INDIANS 188
CHAPTER VII.
THE CASTES AND THE FAMILY 236
CHAPTER VIII.
THE THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE BRAHMANS 270
BOOK VI.
_BUDDHISTS AND BRAHMANS._
CHAPTER I.
THE STATES ON THE GANGES IN THE SIXTH CENTURY B.C. 315
CHAPTER II.
BUDDHA'S LIFE AND TEACHING 332
CHAPTER III.
THE KINGDOM OF MAGADHA AND THE SETTLEMENTS IN THE SOUTH 365
CHAPTER IV.
THE NATIONS AND PRINCES OF THE LAND OF THE INDUS 383
CHAPTER V.
THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE OF THE INDIANS IN THE FOURTH
CENTURY B.C. 408
CHAPTER VI.
CHANDRAGUPTA OF MAGADHA 439
CHAPTER VII.
THE RELIGION OF THE BUDDHISTS 454
CHAPTER VIII.
THE REFORMS OF THE BRAHMANS 491
CHAPTER IX.
ACOKA OF MAGADHA 521
CHAPTER X.
RETROSPECT 544
BOOK V.
THE ARIANS ON THE INDUS AND THE GANGES.
INDIA.
CHAPTER I.
THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE.
It was not only in the lower valley of the Nile, on the banks of the
Euphrates and the Tigris, and along the coast and on the heights of
Syria that independent forms of intellectual and civic life grew up in
antiquity. By the side of the early civilisation of Egypt, and the
hardly later civilisation of that unknown people from which Elam,
Babylon, and Asshur borrowed such important factors in the development
of their own capacities; along with the civilisation of the Semites of
the East and West, who here observed the heavens, there busily explored
the shores of the sea; here erected massive buildings, and there were so
earnestly occupied with the study of their own inward nature, are found
forms of culture later in their origin, and represented by a different
family of nations. This family, the Indo-European, extends over a far
larger area than the Semitic. We find branches of it in the wide
districts to the east of the Semitic nations, on the table-land of Iran,
in the valleys of the Indus and the Ganges. Other branches we have
already encountered on the heights of Armenia, and the table-land of
Asia Minor (I. 512, 524). Others again obtained possession of the
plains above the Black Sea; others, of the peninsulas of Greece and
Italy. Nations of this stock
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The North Pacific
_A Story of the Russo-Japanese War_
_By_
Willis Boyd Allen
Author of "Navy Blue" and "Cleared for Action"
[Illustration]
_New York_
E. P. Dutton & Company
31 West Twenty-third Street
1905
TO MY FRIEND
COMMANDER WILLIAM H. H. SOUTHERLAND, U. S. N.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED
[Illustration: "MAN OVERBOARD!"]
COPYRIGHT, 1905
BY
E. P. DUTTON & CO.
Published, September, 1905
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
PREFACE.
As in the preparation of _Navy Blue_ and _Cleared for Action_, the
author has taken great pains to verify the main facts of the present
story, so far as they are concerned with the incidents of the great
struggle still in progress between the empires of the East and the West.
He acknowledges most gratefully the assistance received from the office
of the Secretary of the Navy, from ex-Secretary John D. Long, and from
Commander W. H. H. Southerland, now commanding the U. S. Cruiser
_Cleveland_, Commander Austin M. Knight, President of the Board on Naval
Ordnance, and Chief Engineer Edward Farmer, retired.
W. B. A.
BOSTON, June, 1905.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE TRIAL OF THE "RETVIZAN" 1
II. MAN OVERBOARD! 16
III. SEALED ORDERS 29
IV. UNCLE SAM'S PACKING 43
V. OTO'S STRANGE VISIT 53
VI. A SCRAP IN MALTA 67
VII. O-HANA-SAN'S PARTY 84
VIII. A BATCH OF LETTERS 93
IX. AT THE CZAR'S COMMAND 102
X. THE FIRST BLOW 114
XI. IN THE MIKADO'S CAPITAL 125
XII. BETWEEN TWO FIRES 137
XIII. WYNNIE MAKES A BLUNDER 146
XIV. THE ATTACK OF THE "OCTOPUS" 156
XV. UNDER THE RED CROSS 165
XVI. THE LAST TRAIN FROM PORT ARTHUR 175
XVII. DICK SCUPP'S ADVENTURE 184
XVIII. OSHIMA GOES A-FISHING 202
XIX. AMONG THE CLOUDS 218
XX. THE DOGGER BANK AFFAIR 235
XXI. THE FALL OF PORT ARTHUR 248
XXII. ON BOARD THE "KUSHIRO" 260
XXIII. TRAPPED IN MANCHURIA 274
XXIV. THE LITTLE FATHER 286
XXV. LARKIN RETIRES FROM BUSINESS 297
XXVI. "THE DESTINY OF AN EMPIRE" 308
XXVII. ORDERED HOME 319
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
"MAN OVERBOARD!" _Frontispiece_ 24
"OTO CLIMBED THE RAIL LIKE A MONKEY" 64
IN STRANGE WATERS 82
PICKED UP BY THE SEARCHLIGHT 119
THE SINKING OF THE "PETROPAVLOVSK" 164
THE END OF THE TRAITOR 231
ON THE DOGGER BANK 244
THE OSAKA BABIES 253
THE NORTH PACIFIC.
CHAPTER I.
THE TRIAL OF THE "RETVIZAN."
It was a clear, cool afternoon in early September, 1901. In the country
the tawny hillsides were warmed to gold by the glow of the autumn sun,
while here and there a maple lifted its crimson torch as if the forest
were kindling where the rays were the hottest. Brown, golden, and
scarlet leaves floated slowly downward to the ground; flocks of
dark-winged birds drifted across the sky or flitted silently through the
shadows of the deep wood; the call of the harvester to his straining
team sounded across the fields for a moment--then all was still again.
But for the creak of a waggon, the distant bark of a dog, the fitful
whisper and rustle of the wind in the boughs overhead, the whirring
chatter of a squirrel, the world seemed lost in a day-dream of peace.
Only a few miles away the air was rent by a clamour of discordant
sound. Ponderous hammers beat upon plates of iron and brass; machinery
rumbled and shrieked and hissed at its work; a thousand men, labouring
as if for their lives, pulled, pushed, lifted, pounded, shouted orders,
warnings, replies above the din that beat upon the ear like a
blacksmith's blows upon an anvil. From the tall chimneys poured endless
volumes of black smoke that were reflected in the blue waters of the
river and mimicked by innumerable puffs of steam. The place was like a
volcano in the first stages of eruption. A vast upheaval seemed
imminent. Yet the countless toilers worked securely and swiftly,
fashioning that dread floating citadel of modern warfare, the
Battleship.
On this same afternoon, at the outer gate of the Cramp Shipbuilding
Works, two strangers applied for admission, presenting to the watchman a
properly accredited pass. They were young men, under the average
stature, dark-skinned, and almost notably quiet in appearance and
manner. Although their dress was that of the American gentleman, a very
slight accent in their speech, their jet-black hair, and a trifling
obliquity in their eyes, would have at once betrayed their nationality
to a careful observer. He would have known that they were of a people
famous for their shrewdness, their gentle manners, their bravery, their
quick perceptions, and their profound patience and tireless resolution
in accomplishing their ends--the "Yankees of the Orient"--the Japanese.
The watchman glanced at them carelessly, rather impressed by the
visitors' immaculate attire--both wore silk hats and black coats of
correct Broadway cut--and asked if they wanted an attendant to show them
about the works. They said, "No, thank you. We shall remain but short
time. We can find our ways"; and, bowing, passed into the yard.
Their curiosity seemed very slight, as to the buildings and machinery.
With light, quick steps they passed through one or two of the most
important shops, then turned to the river-side, and halted beside the
huge ship that was on the stocks, almost ready for launching. Here for
the first time their whole expression became alert, their eyes keen and
flashing. Nobody paid much attention to them as they passed along the
walk, scrutinising, it would seem, every individual bolt and plate.
"A couple o' <DW55>s!" remarked one workman to another, nodding over his
shoulder as he carried his end of a heavy steel bar.
At the gangway the visitors met their first obstacle. A man in undress
uniform, with a full beard and stern countenance, waved them back. "No
admittance to the deck," he said briefly.
The two Japanese bowed blandly, and spoke a few words together in soft
undertones and gutterals, as incomprehensible to a Western ear as the
language of the Ojibways. Then they bowed again, smiled and said "Thank
you, sir," and moved away. The Russian officer watched them sharply
until they disappeared around the bows of the vessel, muttering to
himself under his bushy moustache.
Once out of sight the languor and mild indifference of the strangers
vanished. They spoke swiftly, with excited, but graceful gestures. Then
one of them pointed to the snowy curve of the battleship's prow, above
their heads. There, gleaming in the sunset light, sh
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Transcriber's Note
A number of typographical errors have been maintained in this version of
this book. They have been marked with a [TN-#], which refers to a
description in the complete list found at the end of the text.
The following codes are used for characters not available in the
character set used for this book:
+ dagger
++ double dagger
THE BOOKS OF CHILAN BALAM,
The Prophetic and Historic Records
of the Mayas of Yucatan.
By DANIEL G. BRINTON, M. D.
VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE NUMISMATIC AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF
PHILADELPHIA; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL
SOCIETY; THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY;
DELEGUE OF THE INSTITUTION
ETHNOGRAPHIQUE,
ETC., ETC.
[Illustration]
EDWARD STERN & CO.,
PHILADELPHIA.
PREFATORY NOTE.
The substance of the present pamphlet was presented as an address to the
Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, at its meeting in
January, 1882, and was printed in the _Penn Monthly_, March, 1882. As
the subject is one quite new in the field of American archaeology and
linguistics, it is believed that a republication in the present form
will be welcomed by students of these branches.
THE BOOKS OF CHILAN BALAM.[5-*]
Civilization in ancient America rose to its highest level among the
Mayas of Yucatan. Not to speak of the architectural monuments which
still remain to attest this, we have the evidence of the earliest
missionaries to the fact that they alone, of all the natives of the New
World, possessed a literature written in "letters and characters,"
preserved in volumes neatly bound, the paper manufactured from the bark
of a tree and sized with a durable white varnish.[5-+]
A few of these books still remain, preserved to us by accident in the
great European libraries; but most of them were destroyed by the monks.
Their contents were found to relate chiefly to the pagan ritual, to
traditions of the heathen times, to astrological superstitions, and the
like. Hence, they were considered deleterious, and were burned wherever
discovered.
This annihilation of their sacred books affected the natives most
keenly, as we are pointedly informed by Bishop Landa, himself one of the
most ruthless of Vandals in this respect.[5-++] But already some of the
more intelligent had learned the Spanish alphabet, and the missionaries
had added a sufficient number of signs to it to express with tolerable
accuracy the phonetics of the Maya tongue. Relying on their memories,
and, no doubt, aided by some manuscripts secretly preserved, many
natives set to work to write out in this new alphabet the contents of
their ancient records. Much was added which had been brought in by the
Europeans, and much omitted which had become unintelligible or obsolete
since the Conquest; while, of course, the different writers, varying in
skill and knowledge, produced works of very various merit.
Nevertheless, each of these books bore the same name. In whatever
village it was written, or by whatever hand, it always was, and to-day
still is, called "The Book of Chilan Balam." To distinguish them apart,
the name of the village where a copy was found or written, is added.
Probably, in the last century, almost every village had one, which was
treasured with superstitious veneration. But the opposition of the
_padres_ to this kind of literature, the decay of ancient sympathies,
and especially the long war of races, which since 1847 has desolated so
much of the peninsula, have destroyed most of them. There remain,
however, either portions or descriptions of not less than sixteen of
these curious records. They are known from the names of the villages
respectively as the Book of Chilan Balam of Nabula, of Chumayel, of
Kaua, of Mani, of Oxkutzcab, of Ixil, of Tihosuco, of Tixcocob, etc.,
these being the names of various native towns in the peninsula.
When I add that not a single one of these has ever been printed, or even
entirely translated into any European tongue, it will be evident to
every archaeologist and linguist what a rich and unexplored mine of
information about this interesting people they may present. It is my
intention in this article merely to touch upon a few salient points to
illustrate this, leaving a thorough discussion of their origin and
contents to the future editor who will bring them to the knowledge of
the learned world.
Turning first to the meaning of the name "_Chilan Balam_," it is not
difficult to find its derivation. "_Chilan_," says Bishop Landa, the
second bishop of Yucatan, whose description of the native customs is an
invaluable source to us, "was the name of their priests, whose duty it
was to teach the sciences, to appoint holy days, to treat the sick, to
offer sacrifices, and especially to utter the oracles of the gods. They
were so highly honored by the people that usually they were carried on
litters on the shoulders of the devotees."[7-*] Strictly speaking, in
Maya "_chilan_" means "interpreter," "mouth-piece," from "_chij_," "the
mouth," and in this ordinary sense frequently occurs in other writings.
The word, "_balam_"--literally, "tiger,"--was also applied to a class of
priests, and is still in use among the natives of Yucatan as the
designation of the protective spirits of fields and towns, as I have
shown at length in a recent study of the word as it occurs in the the
native myths of Guatemala.[7-+] "_Chilan Balam_," therefore, is not a
proper name, but a title, and in ancient times designated the priest who
announced the will of the gods and explained the sacred oracles. This
accounts for the universality of the name and the sacredness of its
associations.
The dates of the books which have come down to us are various. One of
them, "The Book of Chilan Balam of Mani," was undoubtedly composed not
later than 1595, as is proved by internal evidence. Various passages in
the works of Landa, Lizana, Sanchez Aguilar and Cogolludo--all early
historians of Yucatan,--prove that many of these native manuscripts
existed in the sixteenth century. Several rescripts date from the
seventeenth century,--most from the latter half of the eighteenth.
The names of the writers are generally not given, probably because the
books, as we have them, are all copies of older manuscripts, with merely
the occasional addition of current items of note by the copyist; as, for
instance, a malignant epidemic which prevailed in the peninsula in 1673
is mentioned as a present occurrence by the copyist of "The Book of
Chilan Balam of Nabula."
I come now to the contents of these curious works. What they contain may
conveniently be classified under four headings:
Astrological and prophetic matters;
Ancient chronology and history;
Medical recipes and directions;
Later history and Christian teachings.
The last-mentioned consist of translations of the "_Doctrina_," Bible
stories, narratives of events after the Conquest, etc., which I shall
dismiss as of least interest.
The astrology appears partly to be reminiscences of that of their
ancient heathendom, partly that borrowed from the European almanacs of
the century 1550-1650. These, as is well known, were crammed with
predictions and divinations. A careful analysis, based on a comparison
with the Spanish almanacs of that time would doubtless reveal how much
was taken from them, and it would be fair to presume that the remainder
was a survival of ancient native theories.
But there are not wanting actual prophecies of a much more striking
character. These were attributed to the ancient priests and to a date
long preceding the advent of Christianity. Some of them have been
printed in translations in the "_Historias_" of Lizana and Cogolludo,
and of some the originals were published by the late Abbe Brasseur de
Bourbourg, in the second volume of the reports of the "_Mission
Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale_." Their
authenticity has been met with considerable skepticism by Waitz and
others, particularly as they seem to predict the arrival of the
Christians from the East and the introduction of the worship of the
cross.
It appears to me that this incredulity is uncalled for. It is known that
at the close of each of their larger divisions of time (the so-called
"_katuns_,") a "_chilan_," or inspired diviner, uttered a prediction of
the character of the year or epoch which was about to begin. Like other
would-be prophets, he had doubtless learned that it is wiser to predict
evil than good, inasmuch as the probabilities of evil in this worried
world of ours outweigh those of good; and when the evil comes his words
are remembered to his credit, while, if, perchance, his gloomy forecasts
are not realized, no one will bear him a grudge that he has been at
fault. The temper of this people was, moreover, gloomy, and it suited
them to hear of threatened danger and destruction by foreign foes. But,
alas! for them. The worst that the boding words of the oracle foretold
was as nothing to the dire event which overtook them,--the destruction
of their nation, their temples and their freedom, 'neath the iron heel
of the Spanish conqueror. As the wise Goethe says:
"_Seltsam ist Prophetenlied,
Doch mehr seltsam was geschieht._"
As to the supposed reference to the cross and its worship, it may be
remarked that the native word translated "cross," by the missionaries,
simply means "a piece of wood set upright," and may well have had a
different and special signification in the old days.
By way of a specimen of these prophecies, I quote one from "The Book of
Chilan Balam of Chumayel," saying at once that for the translation I
have depended upon a comparison of the Spanish version of Lizana, who
was blindly prejudiced, and that in French of the Abbe Brasseur de
Bourbourg, who knew next to nothing about Maya, with the original. It
will be easily understood, therefore, that it is rather a paraphrase
than a literal rendering. The original is in short, aphoristic
sentences, and was, no doubt, chanted with a rude rhythm:
"What time the sun shall brightest shine,
Tearful will be the eyes of the king.
Four ages yet shall be inscribed,
Then shall come the holy priest, the holy god.
With grief I speak what now I see.
Watch well the road, ye dwellers in Itza.
The master of the earth shall come to us.
Thus prophesies Nahau Pech, the seer,
In the days of the fourth age,
At the time of its beginning."
Such are the obscure and ominous words of the ancient oracle. If the
date is authentic, it would be about 1480--the "fourth age" in the Maya
system of computing time being a period of either twenty or twenty-four
years at the close of the fifteenth century.
It is, however, of little importance whether these are accurate copies
of the ancient prophecies; they remain, at least, faithful imitations of
them, composed in the same spirit and form which the native priests were
wont to employ. A number are given much longer than the above, and
containing various curious references to ancient usages.
Another value they have in common with all the rest of the text of these
books, and it is one which will be properly appreciated by any student
of languages. They are, by common consent of all competent authorities,
the genuine productions of native minds, cast in the idiomatic forms of
the native tongue by those born to its use. No matter how fluent a
foreigner becomes in a language not his own, he can never use it as does
one who has been familiar with it from childhood. This general maxim is
ten-fold true when we apply it to a European learning an American
language. The flow of thought, as exhibited in these two linguistic
families, is in such different directions that no amount of practice can
render one equally accurate in both. Hence the importance of studying a
tongue as it is employed by natives; and hence the very high estimate I
place on these "Books of Chilan Balam" as linguistic material,--an
estimate much increased by the great rarity of independent compositions
in their own tongues by members of the native races of this continent.
I now approach what I consider the peculiar value of these records,
apart from the linguistic mould in which they are cast; and that is the
light they throw upon the chronological system and ancient history of
the Mayas. To a limited extent, this has already been brought before the
public. The late Don Pio Perez gave to Mr. Stephens, when in Yucatan, an
essay on the method of computing time among the ancient Mayas, and also
a brief synopsis of Maya history, apparently going back to the third or
fourth century of the Christian era. Both were published by Mr. Stephens
in the appendix to his "Travels in Yucatan," and have appeared
repeatedly since in English, Spanish and French.[10-*] They have, up to
the present, constituted almost our sole sources of information on these
interesting points. Don Pio Perez was rather vague as to whence he
derived his knowledge. He refers to "ancient manuscripts," "old
authorities," and the like; but, as the Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg
justly complains, he rarely quotes their words, and gives no
descriptions as to what they were or how he gained access to them.[11-*]
In fact, the whole of Senor Perez's information was derived from these
"Books of Chilan Balam;" and, without wishing at all to detract from his
reputation as an antiquary and a Maya scholar, I am obliged to say that
he has dealt with them as scholars so often do with their authorities;
that is, having framed his theories, he quoted what he found in their
favor and neglected to refer to what he observed was against them.
Thus, it is a cardinal question in Yucatecan archaeology as to whether
the epoch or age by which the great cycle (the _ahau katun_,) was
reckoned, embraced twenty or twenty-four years. Contrary to all the
Spanish authorities, Perez declared for twenty-four years, supporting
himself by "the manuscripts." It is true there are three of the "Books
of Chilan Balam"--those of Mani, Kaua and Oxkutzcab,--which are
distinctly in favor of twenty-four years; but, on the other hand, there
are four or five others which are clearly for the period of twenty
years, and of these Don Perez said nothing, although copies of more than
one of them were in his library. So of the epochs, or _katuns_, of Maya
history; there are three or more copies in these books which he does not
seem to have compared with the one he furnished Stephens. His labor will
have to be repeated according to the methods of modern criticism, and
with the additional material obtained since he wrote.
Another valuable feature in these records is the hints they furnish of
the hieroglyphic system of the Mayas. Almost our only authority
heretofore has been the essay of Landa. It has suffered somewhat in
credit because we had no means of verifying his statements and comparing
the characters he gives. Dr. Valentini has even gone so far as to attack
some of his assertions as "fabrications." This is an amount of
skepticism which exceeds both justice and probability.
[Illustration: SIGNS OF THE MONTHS, FROM THE BOOK OF CHILAN BALAM OF
CHUMAYEL.]
The chronological portions of the "Books of Chilan Balam" re[TN-1]
partly written with the ancient signs of the days, months and epochs,
and they furnish us, also, delineations of the "wheels" which the
natives used for computing time. The former are so important to the
student of Maya hieroglyphics, that I have added photographic
reproductions of them to this paper, giving also representations of
those of Landa for comparison. It will be observed that the signs of the
days are distinctly similar in the majority of cases, but that those of
the months are hardly alike.
[Illustration: SIGNS OF THE MONTHS, AS GIVEN BY BISHOP LANDA.]
The hieroglyphs of the days taken from the "_Codex Troano_," an ancient
Maya book written before the Conquest, probably about 1400, are also
added to illustrate the variations which occurred in the hands of
different scribes. Those from the "Books of Chilan Balam" are copied
from a manuscript known to Maya scholars as the "_Codice Perez_," of
undoubted authenticity and antiquity.[14-*]
The result of the comparison I thus institute is a triumphant refutation
of the doubts and slurs which have been cast on Bishop Landa's work and
vindicate for it a very high degree of accuracy.
The hieroglyphics for the months are quite complicated, and in the
"Books of Chilan Balam" are rudely drawn; but, for all that, two or
three of them are evidently identical with those in the calendar
preserved by Landa. Some years ago, Professor de Rosny expressed himself
in great doubt as to the fidelity in the tracing of these
hierogylphs[TN-2] of the months, principally because he could not find
them in the two codices at his command.[14-+] As he observes, they are
_composite_ signs, and this goes to explain the discrepancy; for it may
be regarded as established that the Maya script permitted
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Produced by R.G.P.M. van Giesen
[Illustration: cover art]
The Quest of the
"Golden Hope"
BLACKIE & SON LIMITED
50 Old Bailey, LONDON
17 Stanhope Street, GLASGOW
BLACKIE & SON (INDIA) LIMITED
Warwick House, Fort Street, BOMBAY
BLACKIE & SON (CANADA) LIMITED
1118 Bay Street, TORONTO
[Illustration: CAPTAIN JEREMY IS WOUNDED (missing from book)]
The Quest of the
"Golden Hope"
A Seventeenth Century Story of Adventure
BY
PERCY F. WESTERMAN
Author of "East in the _Golden Gain_" "The Third Officer"
"Sea Scouts All" &c.
ILLUSTRATED BY FRANK E. WILES
BLACKIE & SON LIMITED
LONDON AND GLASGOW
By Percy F. Westerman
Rivals of the Reef.
A Shanghai Adventure.
Pat Stobart in the "Golden Dawn".
The Junior Cadet.
Captain Starlight.
The Sea-Girt
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THE GIRLS AT MOUNT MORRIS
by
AMANDA M. DOUGLAS
Author of "Sherburne Series," "A Little Girl Series,"
"A Modern Cinderella," Etc.
[Illustration: Went Scudding Through the Park (Chap. 6.
Girls at Mt. Morris)]
M. A. Donohue & Co.
Chicago
Copyright 1914
M. A. Donohue & Company
Chicago
Made in U. S. A.
CONTENTS
I Looking the Future in the Face 1
II A New Outlook 22
III Food For Consideration 39
IV The Grace of Endeavor 58
V Zaidee 77
VI An Escapade and What Came of It 100
VII A Supreme Moment 118
VIII A Strange Confession 134
IX Whose Child Am I? 154
X Unraveling Tangled Threads 171
XI Standing Up to the Mark 186
XII Oh, Will I Be Welcome? 204
XIII A Mother's Love 220
XIV Going Out of the Old Life 244
XV Your True Home 267
XVI Out of Her Loyalty 287
THE GIRLS AT MT. MORRIS
CHAPTER I
LOOKING THE FUTURE IN THE FACE
Lilian Boyd entered the small, rather shabby room, neat, though
everything was well worn. Her mother sat by a little work table busy
with some muslin sewing and she looked up with a weary smile. Lilian
laid a five-dollar bill on the table.
"Madame Lupton sails on Saturday," she said. "Oh how splendid it must be
to go to Paris! Mrs. Cairns is to finish up; there is only a little to
do, but Madame said everything you did was so neat, so well finished
that she should be very glad to have you by the first of October."
The mother sighed. "Meanwhile there is almost two months to provide for,
and I had to break in the last hundred dollars to pay the rent. Oh
Lilian! I hardly know which way to turn. I am not strong any more, I
have made every effort to--" and her voice broke, "but I am afraid you
will have to give up school."
She buried her face in her hands and sobbed.
"Oh, mother, don't! don't!" the girl implored. "I suppose it was
selfish of me to think of such a thing and you couldn't go through two
years more. You are not as well as you were a year ago. I'll see Sally
Meeks tonight and take the place in the factory. I only have to give two
weeks and then begin on five dollars a week. It will be better than the
sewing."
Lilian Boyd stood up very straight and determined, though her heart sank
within her. To give up her cherished wish, to join the great army of
shop girls with no hope of advancement in the future! She was almost
sixteen; she had been two years in the High School and was a favorite
scholar. Two years more and she could teach. It was in the walk of life
that she so ardently desired. Tall for her age, vigorous, with courage
and earnestness in every line of the face that was fine, now, to the
casual observer and might develop into beauty. It was spirited, eager,
with a clear complexion, deep blue eyes that in some moods seemed black,
while the hair was light and abundant. The brows and lashes were much
darker. The features were regular, the chin broad and cleft, but it was
the courage and uplift in the face that gave it character.
The mother was so different. It was not altogether a weak face but
intensely commonplace; the sort of woman who has no ambitions beyond the
ordinary round of life. Was it the old story of the eagle in the dove's
nest?
"You are very tired," she began, presently. "Lie down on the lounge
while I get supper."
Mrs. Boyd was still crying softly. Lilian kissed her, threw a light
shawl over her shoulders, then lighted the gas burner and set on the
kettle. She would run out and get a chop for her mother, some for
breakfast as well. Yes, she must begin to be the care taker, she had
been so engrossed with her studies and giving her help with the sewing
they did for a dressmaking establishment that she had hardly noted. She
swallowed over a great lump in her throat, it was a bitter sacrifice and
yet she
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Transcribed from the 1852 J. H. Jackson edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
THE JESUITS.
* * * * *
BY THE
REV. EDWARD HOARE, MA.,
INCUMBENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, RAMSGATE.
* * * * *
Second Edition.
* * * * *
LONDON:
J. H. JACKSON, ISLINGTON GREEN,
AND PATERNOSTER-ROW;
HATCHARD, PICCADILLY; AND SEELEYS, FLEET STREET.
1852.
* * * * *
_Protestant Associations_, _or other parties_, _desirous of circulating
large numbers of this pamphlet_, _may obtain them at a considerable
reduction_, _by applying to the Publisher_.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
THE first edition of the following pages was prepared as a Lecture for
the Islington Protestant Institute. The delivery of that Lecture has led
to a more careful study of the subject, so that in this second edition
there is a considerable quantity of additional information, which I trust
may be found important.
One gentleman has done me the honour of noticing the first edition, and
publishing a pamphlet in order to show that the constitution quoted on
page 32 should be rendered as the reader will find it there. It is a
matter of great regret to me that he should have thought it right to say
of the remainder of the lecture, that “statements which few surely can
believe, will, he trusts, produce in the minds of readers an effect the
very reverse of that intended.” If he had pointed out any inaccuracy, I
should have been only too happy to correct it; and any proof of error on
my part would have been much more satisfactory to his readers than a
general and unsupported insinuation. In the present edition he will
find, I believe, a clear reference to every important extract; and
abundant opportunity is afforded him, if possible, to disprove my
statements.
E. H.
_Ramsgate_, _Feb._ 12, 1852.
CHAPTER I.
GENERAL OBJECT AND ORGANIZATION.
OF all the various human combinations that have ever risen to adorn or to
disgrace humanity, the Society of the Jesuits is perhaps the most
remarkable. The great men of the world have constructed mighty schemes
for its government, and the utmost powers of the human mind have again
and again been called out in order to combine men for the attainment of
some given end; but of all these varied schemes, I believe it may be
safely affirmed that there never yet has been known one so admirably
suited to its end, so beautifully adjusted in its parts, so wonderfully
adapted to the real condition of society, or possessing so extraordinary
a capability of applying its movements, so as to meet the ways and wishes
of all those countless characters upon whom its action is employed. The
question whether such an institution is a curse or a blessing to the
human race must, of course, depend on two things, viz., the object to
which its efforts are directed, and the principles by which they are
controlled. If that object be the honour of the Lord Jesus Christ, and
if those principles be in harmony with the Word of God, then, clearly, so
varied and effective an instrumentality must act most powerfully for the
benefit of man; but if, on the other hand, its object be to pervert the
truth and impede its progress,—if, again, the principles of its action be
flatly opposed, not merely to the Word of God, but also to the most
elementary maxims of even natural morality,—then it is equally clear that
the perfection of the instrument merely adds to its fatal power, and just
in proportion to the completeness of the machinery will be the deadliness
of the blight which it will produce upon society.
Now the avowed object of the Order of Jesuits is the support of the See
of Rome. In the original plan submitted by Loyola to Pope Paul III. it
was stated, “The Society of Jesus shall constitute a trained host, ready
at all times to fight for God’s vicegerent, the holy Roman Father, and
for the Roman Catholic Church, in which alone is salvation.” To this
declaration of their original designs, the Society has to this day
avowedly adhered; and although their countless intrigues against the
other Orders have shown very clearly that, in professing to serve the
Pope, they have had an ulterior end, viz., the aggrandizement and
exaltation of their own Order, yet we must always regard this as their
professed design, and form our estimate of the object of the Society by
our estimate of the value of the Popedom. There are, alas, those who,
trying it by this test, would pronounce its object good; but, thanks be
to God! there is, I verily believe, a vast, and vastly increasing,
multitude who have been driven by recent events to bring Popery to the
test of Scripture, and who have risen from the study with the deep and
indelible conviction that, instead of being our Lord’s vicegerent, the
Pope of Rome is the usurper of his sovereignty; and that, therefore, if
this be the object of Jesuitism, Jesuitism must be bad; and if this be
the end of its action, the better its machinery the worse its effects
upon the world.
The full principles of the Society it is extremely difficult to discover
or to describe, inasmuch as there appears to be a very wide difference
between the system as exhibited in its public documents and as carried
out in the practice of its members. There are countless facts in the
history of the order which prove conclusively that there is one code for
the world to look at, and another for the world to feel; a uniform for
inspection days, and a plain dress for common life. The constitutions
and other acknowledged documents are open to the world, but if we want to
know how the Jesuit will act when he has secretly wormed his way into the
confidence of our family, or to discover any real moral principle by
which the conduct of such an one will be guided, I believe that we shall
be utterly at a loss. He has his own secret instructions from his
superiors, and what they are will probably be never known out of the
Order, till the great day shall come when the secrets of all hearts shall
be made known.
We must be content, therefore, with only superficial information upon the
subject; but there is enough in the undoubted avowals of the Society to
amaze the conscience of any honest mind. It is true that we are
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[Illustration]
MASTER REYNARD
The History of a Fox
From Animal Autobiographies by J. C. Tregarthen
Revised by
JANE FIELDING
New York
A. L. Chatterton Co.
Copyright, 1913
A. L. Chatterton Co.
MASTER REYNARD
The earth where I was born was far down the face of a steep cliff
and opened on a sloping shelf of turf, from the edge of which the
undercliff fell sheer to the sea. The entrance we used most was
slightly above the level of the springy sward and led by a small
tunnel to a roomy chamber where daylight never penetrated.
There on the bare dry ground the vixen laid us--my two sisters and me.
If I was like the baby cubs I have since seen, I was born blind, my
muzzle was blunt and rounded, and my coat as black as a crow, the only
white about me being a few hairs in the tag of my tiny brush. Even at
the time when I first remember what I was like my fur was still a very
dark color and bore no resemblance to the russet hue of a full-grown
fox.
This was a few weeks after my eyes were opened, when, after awaking
from our first sleep, we were in the habit of sunning ourselves just
inside the mouth of the earth. It was there, with my muzzle resting on
the vixen's flank, that
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Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Margo von Romberg,
Michael and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net. This book was produced from scanned
images of public domain material, including material from
the Google Print project. Map reproduced by permission of
the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland.
[Illustration: FLOWERDALE HOUSE, GAIRLOCH,
WEST COAST RESIDENCE OF THE BARONETS OF GAIRLOCH.]
GAIRLOCH
IN NORTH-WEST ROSS-SHIRE
ITS RECORDS, TRADITIONS, INHABITANTS, AND NATURAL HISTORY
WITH A
GUIDE TO GAIRLOCH AND LOCH MAREE
AND A MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS
By JOHN H. DIXON, F.S.A. Scot.
INCLUDING CHAPTERS BY
_WILLIAM JOLLY, F.G.S., F.R.S.E.; THE REV. JOHN McMURTRIE, M.A.;
AND PROFESSOR W. IVISON MACADAM, F.C.S., F.I.C., M.M.S., &c.,
EDINBURGH_
EDINBURGH
CO-OPERATIVE PRINTING COMPANY LIMITED
1886
[_Entered at Stationers' Hall._]
EDINBURGH
CO-OPERATIVE PRINTING COMPANY LIMITED,
BRISTO PLACE.
TO
_SIR KENNETH S. MACKENZIE_,
SIXTH BARONET AND THIRTEENTH LAIRD OF GAIRLOCH,
AND
HER MAJESTY'S LIEUTENANT OF ROSS-SHIRE,
Is Dedicated
THIS ACCOUNT OF THE ROMANTIC HIGHLAND PARISH
WITH WHICH, DURING FOUR CENTURIES,
HE AND HIS ANCESTORS HAVE BEEN SO INTIMATELY ASSOCIATED.
PREFACE.
The preparation of the following account of Gairloch has been prompted
by regard--almost affection--for this beautiful and interesting Highland
parish. It is published in the hope that it may not only assist the
tourist, but also be found to constitute a volume worthy of a nook in
the great library of local history. Here and there some few general
remarks on the subjects dealt with have necessarily been introduced by
way of explanation or illustration, but in the main this book relates
solely to Gairloch. I have tried to make short chapters, and to dispense
with footnotes.
Without much assistance the work could not have been satisfactorily
completed. The necessary help has been given with the greatest freedom
and kindness. Sir Kenneth S. Mackenzie, Bart. of Gairloch, has himself
furnished much valuable and accurate information, and Lady Mackenzie of
Gairloch has kindly assisted. From Mr Osgood H. Mackenzie of Inverewe,
youngest son of the late Sir Francis Mackenzie, Bart. of Gairloch, I
have received a large amount of personal aid. Much of the information
about the Mackenzies has been culled from the works of Mr Alexander
Mackenzie (a native of Gairloch) with his consent. He is the able author
of a copious history of the Mackenzies and other important books, and
the editor of the _Celtic Magazine_, from which last the memoir of John
Mackenzie of the "Beauties" and several of the traditions have been
mainly taken. From the MS. "Odd and End Stories" of Dr Mackenzie,
Eileanach, only surviving son of Sir Hector Mackenzie, Bart., eleventh
laird of Gairloch, numerous quotations will be found. These extracts are
published with the consent of Dr Mackenzie, as well as of Mr O. H.
Mackenzie to whom he has given his MS. volumes. With one exception,
wherever Dr Mackenzie is quoted the extract is taken from his "Odd and
End Stories." The Dowager Lady Mackenzie of Gairloch has been so good as
to prepare a short statement, from which extracts are made. Dr Arthur
Mitchell, C.B., Senior Commissioner in Lunacy for Scotland, has
permitted the use of his paper on the Isle Maree superstitions. Mr Jolly
has contributed three valuable chapters, and the Rev. J. M'Murtrie and
Professor W. Ivison Macadam have each given a chapter. To Mr William
Mackay of Craigmonie, Inverness, I am indebted for full notes on
ecclesiastical matters, and for extracts from the old records of the
Presbytery of Dingwall. The Rev. Alexander Matheson, minister of
Glenshiel, has supplied extracts from the records of the Presbytery of
Lochcarron. I have to thank Messrs Maclachlan & Stewart, of Edinburgh,
who in 1882 brought out a sumptuous edition of the "Beauties of Gaelic
Poetry," by the late John Mackenzie, a Gairloch man, for permission to
use the accounts of John Mackay (the blind piper), William Ross, William
Mackenzie, and Malcolm Maclean, contained in the "Beauties." James
Mackenzie, of Kirkton (brother of John Mackenzie of the "Beauties"), has
furnished a large chapter of Gairloch stories, besides a number of
facts, traditions, and anecdotes; wherever the name of James Mackenzie
occurs in these pages,
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THE
CAPTURED SCOUT
OF THE
ARMY OF THE JAMES.
A Sketch of the Life of
SERGEANT HENRY H. MANNING,
OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH MASS. REGIMENT.
BY
CHAPLAIN H. CLAY TRUMBULL.
BOSTON:
NICHOLS AND NOYES.
1869.
Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1868, by
NICHOLS AND NOYES,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
Massachusetts.
CAMBRIDGE:
PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON.
TO THE SURVIVING MEMBERS
OF THE
Twenty-Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Vols.,
THIS SKETCH OF THEIR COMRADE IS AFFECTIONATELY
_DEDICATED_,
BY ONE WHO HOLDS IN EVER FRESH AND DELIGHTFUL
REMEMBRANCE HIS THREE YEARS' EXPERIENCE
AS THEIR BRIGADE COMPANION,
AND
_HIS MINISTRY AS THEIR OCCASIONAL CHAPLAIN_.
NOTE.
This little sketch is the best, because the only, tribute to the memory
of its subject that the writer, amid the pressure of varied duties, can
find time to render.
Prepared, in great part, for use in a memorial discourse, it has not
been rewritten, although extended by additions which perhaps mar the
harmony of its first design.
The fact that it was shaped to be spoken rather than to be
read,--designed for the ear rather than for the eye,--will account, to
those accustomed to public address, for some of its unsuitableness of
style for the form in which it now appears.
H. C. T.
CONTENTS.
The Dead of the Army of the James 9
Cost of the Slaveholders' War 10
A Massachusetts Boy.--Foreshadowings of a noble Life 13
The Soldier of Christ and Country 14
A good Regiment.--A good Record 16
Fighting and Praying 17
James Island.--Hospital Supply of Rebel Shells 19
Charleston Siege-work.--Sharpshooting 20
The Veterans.--Love for the old Flag 22
Campaigns it in Virginia.--Volunteers as a Scout 24
The Capture.--The Dungeon.--The Gallows 27
Gloom of the Stockade and Jail.--Consecration Vow 29
Escape and Recapture.--Torn by Blood-hounds 31
Andersonville Horrors 34
In the Rebel Ranks.--Loyal still 35
A Prisoner among Friends.--Good News for Home 37
Again with his Regiment.--Merited Promotion 38
Home at last 39
Telling his Story.--Fulfilling his Vow 40
Student-life at Andover.--Loving Service for Jesus 41
Toil for Bread.--Unfailing Trust 43
Failing Health.--A Grateful Heart 47
In Hospital.--Gentle Ministry there 48
Hope against Hope.--The Privilege of Christian Work 53
Only Waiting.--Rest at last 55
Claims of the Dead on the Living 58
THE CAPTURED SCOUT
OF THE
ARMY OF THE JAMES.
THE DEAD OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES.
On the evening of Wednesday, Sept. 2, 1868, some two hundred ex-officers
of the "Army of the James" were assembled in the dining-hall of the St.
James Hotel, Boston, in delightful re-union, as comrades of camp and
campaigning. The writer of this little sketch was called on to say words
in tribute to "The memory of the honored dead" of that army, and in
consequence the tenderest recollections were revived of those who fell
in the long years of war with rebellion.
Hardly had the writer reached his home from that re-union, before word
came to him of the death of another soldier of the Army of the James;
one whose varied and thrilling experiences, peculiar services to the
Union cause, and noble Christian character entitled him to special
mention, as a noteworthy and satisfactory illustration of the bravery
and worth of the enlisted men of that army. While on his death-bed, this
young soldier had sent particular request to one who, as an army
chaplain in his brigade, had known something of his personal character
and history, to preach a commemorative discourse on the occasion of his
decease. Thus called on again to pay just tribute to the memory of the
dead of the Army of the James, the writer prepared this sketch as part
of a sermon preached at Warwick, Mass., Sept. 13, 1868, and now gives it
to the public at the request of those who, knowing something of the
young soldier's history, naturally desire to know more.
COST OF THE SLAVEHOLDERS' WAR.
Others than his immediate comrades have reasons for an interest in this
young soldier, and should join in honoring his memory, and recalling at
his death the record of his army life. Dying though he did among the
green hills of Massachusetts, in these days of palmy peace, with parents
and sisters ministering to his comfort, as he wasted slowly before their
loving gaze, he was really one of the dead of the war, one of the
starved of Andersonville. His vigorous constitution was broken down
under the malarial damps of the sea-island death-swamps, beneath the
smiting sun-glare of the Carolina sands, in the fatigues of dreary
marches and anxious picket service, and amid the excitements of battle
and the crushing responsibilities of a mission of imminent peril within
the lines of the enemy. His young life was really worn away, not here at
the North, but there at the South, in dragging months of imprisonment,
in teeming hours of attempted escape, in rapid flight from the swift
pursuers, and in the death-clutch with the fierce-fanged hounds in the
swamp of despair!
And he was but one of many,--a representative youth; one out of thirteen
thousand martyrs of Andersonville,--
"The men who perished in swamp and fen,
The slowly starved of the prison pen;"--
a solitary soldier among fully three hundred thousand who gave their
lives for the nation's life, the sodden mounds of whose graves, like an
encircling earthwork, make secure that nation's proud though
dearly-bought position among the kingdoms of the world. Surely, there is
little danger that the story of such a man will be told too widely, or
his services be too highly esteemed; small cause for fear, that, in the
glad days of rest from war, there will be too vividly recalled those
dark hours of the imperilled republic, when the bared right arms of two
and a half millions of loyal and loving Union soldiers and sailors were
essential to the preservation of a free and righteous government; and
not only each blood-drop shed by those who stood or fell in battle for
their country, but every heart-throb of their suffering or toil, and
every tear of those who loved them, counted on the ransom of Liberty,
and helped--
"To make, for children yet to come,
This land of their bequeathing,
The imperial and the peerless home
Of happiest beings breathing."
A MASSACHUSETTS BOY.--FORESHADOWINGS OF A NOBLE LIFE.
Henry Hatch Manning was born in Warwick, Mass., May 17, 1844. He was
ever a loving and dutiful son and brother. Just before his
death, his mother remarked, "I cannot now recall any act of his
disobedience."--"Our brightest earthly hopes will perish with him,"
added his sister. When young, his frequent wish was that he had been the
eldest child, so as to lift burdens his sisters now must bear. At eight
years old, he was at work for a neighbor, earning something beyond his
board. While thus occupied, he was startled by the sudden death of his
employer by accident. Hurrying to his home, he whispered the sad story
to his mother, adding in almost the same breath, "But don't tell father.
He wouldn't let me go back; and what would Mrs. Holmes do without me?"
Thus early he showed his independence of character, and his desire to
live for others.
Having the ordinary common-school advantages of a Massachusetts
town,--such as are now, thank God! extended into regions whither they
won an entrance by blood,--Henry Manning improved them well. He had,
moreover, faithful home instruction; and the influence of a Christian
mother's prayerful teachings followed him like a continual benediction.
When about sixteen years old, while at work in another town from this,
in a season of spiritual declension and coldness there, he was drawn by
God's Spirit to make a full surrender of himself to Jesus. Evil
influences were around him just then: a sneering scoffer sought
persistently to dissuade him from his new-formed purpose; but God was
with him, and he witnessed faithfully for Christ. Others followed his
example, and a precious revival of God's Spirit-work followed in that
long cold and formal community.
THE SOLDIER OF CHRIST AND COUNTRY.
It was soon after this that the echo of rebel guns against Fort Sumter
aroused the New-England sons of Revolutionary patriots to the perils of
the nationality their fathers had founded in blood. Henry Manning was
not yet seventeen when the old flag was dishonored in Charleston
Harbor; but he was old enough to realize his country's need, and
patriotic enough to stake every thing in her defence. His heart, warm
with new love for the Saviour who died for him, throbbed to evidence its
affection in some sacrifice for a cause approved of God. Delayed
somewhat in his original plans, he enlisted, in the early autumn of
1861, as a private in the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment, then
forming near Boston, under the gallant and lamented Stevenson.
After his enlistment, on the Sabbath before he left for the war, he
stood up alone in his home-church, and made public profession of his new
faith, and was there enrolled as a follower of Jesus; his pastor
preaching an appropriate sermon from the text, "Thou therefore endure
hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ;" which inspired counsel
Manning certainly followed to the letter. Going out thence, clad in the
"whole armor of God," Manning commenced his career as a soldier of the
cross and his country, and thenceforward followed unflinchingly the flag
of his government and the blood-stained banner of Jesus.
A GOOD REGIMENT.--A GOOD RECORD.
The Twenty-fourth Massachusetts was a noble battalion, with a glorious
record. Through its four years of service, its well-earned reputation
for good discipline, thorough drill, and staunch courage was
unsurpassed; and few regiments were its equals in hard fighting and
practical efficiency. It would be enough for any man's soldierly
reputation that he stood well in that regiment; for he who won honor
there deserved it everywhere. Hence the good name there secured by Henry
Manning shows his personal worth, and indicates the value of his
services. Said Col. Ordway, at the close of Manning's term of service,
"I have known his whole course since he has been a soldier.... He has
always been a brave, faithful, truthful, soldier,... honest and
temperate, and in every way to be trusted." Maj. Edmands added, "I can
cheerfully say, that I have never known a braver man in the
regiment--and I was formerly his captain. He is, I believe, competent
to fill any position where fidelity, integrity, and energy are
required." Adjutant Stoddard also testified, "[He] has always been
especially noticed for the efficient manner in which he has performed
his duties as a soldier: always ready for any daring undertaking, he has
won for himself a place in the hearts of the officers and his comrades
of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts; and his name can never be
obliterated from the pages of the history of that regiment."
FIGHTING AND PRAYING.
The Twenty-fourth went out in the Burnside expedition to the waters of
North Carolina, and, passing the perils of Hatteras "Swash," had an
honorable and distinguished part, under brave and beloved Gen. John G.
Foster, in the battles of Roanoke, Newbern, Little Washington, Rawl's
Mills, Kinston, Whitehall, and Goldsboro'. In all this service, Manning
gained in manliness and in the Christian graces, under the developing
influences of active army life. At Kinston he had a narrow escape from
death. A bullet struck the rail of a fence, behind which he was
stationed as a sharpshooter, just in range of his head; a knot turned it
aside so that it barely passed his cheek, scattering the splinters in
his eyes.
In the spring and early summer of 1863, the Twenty-fourth was in South
Carolina, passing months on the sickly sea-islands, where it was said no
white man had before lived at that season of the year. It was there that
the writer of this sketch--then chaplain of another regiment in the same
brigade--first met young Manning. His regiment then having no chaplain,
he was one of an association of earnest Christians who had banded
together to keep up religious meetings, and to do good as they had
opportunity, among their fellows. Under their rustic canopy of boughs,
beneath the grand old live oaks, and amid the stately palms of Seabrook
Island, were enjoyed never-to-be-forgotten hours of prayer and praise.
JAMES ISLAND.--HOSPITAL SUPPLY OF REBEL SHELLS.
From Seabrook to James Island, the Twenty-fourth moved, in July, 1863,
under Gen. Terry, in co-operation with Gen. Gillmore's advance on Morris
Island. Stricken down with sunstroke there, his whole system prostrate
under repeated attacks of fever and chills, fastened on him in the
malarial regions of his recent service, Manning lay sick in the rude
regimental hospital on the morning of July 16, when the enemy in force
made a sudden attack on the Union lines. The shock of this battle was
bravely met by Col. Shaw's Fifty-fourth Massachusetts regiment, then
first in action. The hospital of the Twenty-fourth was found to be in
the focus of the enemy's sharpest fire, and a hurried move was ordered
down the island. As the poor invalids, with failing limbs, dragged their
tedious way to the beach, shell after shell from the enemy's guns came
shrieking past, or bursting among them. One such seemed to explode in
Manning's very face, and he fell, with the half conviction that it had
killed him. As he rose again to his feet, another burst above him, and a
ragged fragment of the hot iron tore down along his very side, laying
open his clothing, and bruising and lacerating his arm. But this injury
probably saved him from a severer; for, checked by it a moment, he saw
yet another shell explode directly before him, in the group he had
fallen behind, killing and wounding not a few of that number. Sorry
comfort, this, for sick soldiers! Yet such was but an incident in the
trying army service of our Union soldiers, in the prolonged war with
rebellion.
CHARLESTON SIEGE-WORK.--SHARPSHOOTING.
Immediately after the fight at James Island, the Twenty-fourth passed
over to Morris Island, to have a part in the operations against
Charleston from that point, commencing with that terrible assault on
Fort Wagner in which Col. Shaw lost his life,--when Gen. Stevenson's
brigade (including the Twenty-fourth) was in reserve, holding the front
after the sad repulse. There, Manning was again stricken down with
sunstroke. Later, he was assigned to a company of sharpshooters in
active service at the extreme front. He then had narrow escapes daily.
On one occasion, as he and a comrade were alternating in rifle firing
through a loop-hole, he had thrown himself down to rest under his rubber
blanket, raised for a shade, when a bullet wounded his comrade in the
face; as he sprang up to aid him, a huge fragment of a mortar shell came
tearing down through the air, and crushed the rubber blanket into the
ground on the very spot where Manning had lain. Those were toilsome days
on Morris Island, in the slow dragging siege; men who were there will
not soon forget its shifting sands, its blazing sunlight, its
unintermitted fire of artillery and musketry, its labors on traverse and
parallel and sap, its frequent struggles of sortie or assault, and its
atmosphere laden with disease:
"How they marched together, sound or sick,
Sank in the trench o'er the heavy spade!
How they charged on the guns at double-quick,
Kept ranks for Death to choose and to pick,
And lay on the beds no fair hands made!"
The Twenty-fourth sweltered and toiled with the other regiments, and won
for itself a proud name by its brilliant charge on the rifle-pits in the
very face of Wagner's guns. Thence it passed down the coast to Florida,
and had a little rest in the quaint old Spanish city of St. Augustine.
VETERAN RE-ENLISTMENTS.--LOVE FOR THE OLD FLAG.
It was while the regiment was at St. Augustine that the call came from
the government for the re-enlistment of its veteran soldiers. It did not
take Henry Manning much longer to make up his mind to a second
enlistment than it did to the first. Had he been wanted for thirty or
fifty years, instead of three or five, he would doubtless have been
ready. God be praised that such boys lived, and were willing to die, in
the hour of our country's need!
A little incident, occurring as
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by The Internet Archive)
CREATURES OF THE NIGHT
_By the same Author._
IANTO THE FISHERMAN
AND OTHER SKETCHES OF COUNTRY LIFE.
_Illustrated with Photogravures. Large Crown 8vo._
_The Times._--"The quality which perhaps most gives its individuality to
the book is distinctive of Celtic genius.... The characters... are
touched with a reality that implies genuine literary skill."
_The Standard._--"Mr Rees has taken a place which is all his own in the
great succession of writers who have made Nature their theme."
_The Guardian._--"We can remember nothing in recent books on natural
history which can compare with the first part of this book...
surprising insight into the life of field, and moor, and river."
_The Outlook._--"This book--we speak in deliberate superlative--is the
best essay in what may be called natural history biography that we have
ever read."
LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
[Illustration: "THE BROAD RIVER, IN WHICH SHE HAD SPENT HER EARLY LIFE."
(_See_ p. 50.) _Frontispiece._]
[Illustration: Decoration]
CREATURES OF THE NIGHT
A BOOK OF WILD LIFE IN
WESTERN BRITAIN
BY ALFRED W. REES
AUTHOR OF
"IANTO THE FISHERMAN"
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
1905
TO
MYFANWY AND MORGAN
"All life is seed, dropped in Time's yawning furrow,
Which, with slow sprout and shoot,
In the revolving world's unfathomed morrow,
Will blossom and bear fruit."
MATHILDE BLIND.
PREFACE.
The Editors of _The Standard_ have kindly permitted me to republish the
contents of this book, and I tender them my thanks.
The original form of these Studies of animal life has been extensively
altered, and, in some instances, the titles have been changed.
I am again greatly indebted to my brother, R. Wilkins Rees. His wide and
accurate knowledge has been constantly at my disposal, and in the
preparation of these Studies he has given me much indispensable advice
and assistance.
Similarity in the habits of some of the animals described has made a
slight similarity of treatment unavoidable in certain chapters.
I may also remark that, in unfrequented districts where beasts and birds
of prey are not destroyed by gamekeepers, the hare is as much a creature
of the night as is the badger or the fox.
ALFRED W. REES.
[Transcriber's Note: Obvious typographical errors have been corrected,
and standardized the hyphenations, otherwise the text has been left as
the original]
CONTENTS.
THE OTTER.
I.
THE HOLT AMONG THE ALDERS.
PAGE
Late fishing--A summer night--River voices--A master-fisher--
The old mansion--Lingering beauty--The otters' "oven"--Observant
youngsters--Careful motherhood--The meadow playground--Falling
leaves--A swollen river--Dabchick's oar-like wings--Mysterious
proceedings--Migrating salmon--Hoar-fringed river-banks--An
adventure with a sheep-dog--Slip-shod builders--Signs of
spring--A change of diet--Fattening trout--The capture of a
"kelt"--"The otter's bite"--Lone wanderings. 1-23
II.
THE POOL BENEATH THE FARMSTEAD.
A song of autumn--The salmon pool--Angling difficulties--Bullying
a sportive fish--An absent-minded fisherman--At dawn and nightfall--A
deserted home--Practical joking--A moorhen's fate--Playfulness
of youth--The torrent below the fall--The garden ponds--Feasting
on frogs--A watcher of the night--Hounds and hunters--Lutra's
discretion--The spell of fear 24-40
III.
THE GORGE OF ALLTYCAFN.
The Hunt again--Fury of despair--A "strong place"--The ter
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BACTERIA IN DAILY LIFE
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[Frontispiece: "YOU ARE SO GENEROUS TO ME" (page 24)]
AVERY
_By Elizabeth Stuart Phelps_
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
The Riverside Press, Cambridge
1902
COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY HARPER & BROS.
COPYRIGHT, 1902, BY ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
_Published October, 1902_
_Avery_ originally appeared as a serial in _Harper's Magazine_ under
the title of _His Wife_.
AVERY
PART I
"Oh, Pink! Mother _can't_ lift you.... I would if I could.... Yes, I
know I used to--
"Molly, take the baby. Couldn't you amuse him, somehow? Perhaps, if
you tried hard, you could keep him still. When he screams so, it seems
to hit me--here. It makes it harder to breathe. He cried'most all
night. And if you could contrive to keep Pink, too--
"What is it, Kate? You'll have to manage without me this morning.
Pick up anything for luncheon--I don't care. I couldn't eat. You can
warm over that mutton for yourselves. We must keep the bills down.
They were too large last month. Order a grouse for Mr. Avery. He says
he will dine at home to-night--
"There's the telephone! Somebody answer it. I can't get down,
myself.... Is it Mr. Avery?... Wants me?... I don't see how I
can.... Yes. Hold the wire. I 'll try--
"Did you speak to me, Molly?... No, I'm not feeling any worse. It's
only getting up the stairs, and... something that tired me a little.
I don't want Dr. Thorne. I can't call the doctor so often. I'm no
worse than... I sometimes... am. It's only that I cannot breathe....
Molly! _Molly_! Quick, Molly! The window! Air!"
As Molly dashed the window up, Mrs. Avery's head fell back upon the
pillows of the lounge. They were blue pillows, and her blanching cheek
took a little reflection from the color. But she was not ghastly; she
never was. At the lowest limit of her strength she seemed to challenge
death with an indomitable vitality.
There was a certain surprise in the discovery that so blond a being
could have so much of it. She was very fair--blue of eye, yellow of
hair, pearly of skin; but all her coloring was warm and rich; when she
was well, it was an occupation to admire her ear, her cheek, her
throat; and when she was ill her eye conquered. Every delicate trait
and feature of her defied her fate, except her mouth; this had begun to
take on a pitiful expression. The doctor's blazing eye flashed on it
when he was summoned hastily. It had become a symptom to him, and was
usually the first one of which he took note.
Dr. Esmerald Thorne had the preoccupations of his eminence, and his
patients waited their turns with that undiscouraged endurance which is
the jest and the despair of less-distinguished physicians. Women took
their crochet work to his office, and men bided their time with gnawed
mustache and an unnatural interest in the back-number magazines upon
his table. Indifferent ailments received his belated attention, and to
certain patients he came when he got ready. Mrs. Avery's was not one
of these cases.
When Molly's tumultuous telephone call reached him that dav, it found
him at the hospital, sewing up an accident. He drew the thread through
the stitch, handed the needle to the house surgeon, who was standing
by, and ran downstairs. The hospital was two miles from Marshall
Avery's house. Dr. Thorne's horse took the distance on a gallop, and
Dr. Thorne took Avery's stairs two at a time.
He came into her room, however, with the theatrical calm and the
preposterous smile which men of his profession and his kind assume in
the presence of danger that unconsciousness has not blotted from the
patient's intelligence. Through the wide window the late October air
bit in. She was lying full in the surly breeze on the lounge pillow,
as Molly had left her. Her blue morning gown was clutched and torn
open at the throat. No one had thought to cover her. Her hands were
as purple as her lips. She was not gasping now: she had no longer the
strength to fight for her breath.
Dr. Thorne's professional smile went out like a Christmas candle in a
hurricane. He opened his mouth and began to swear.
The corners of her lips twitched when she heard him--for she was
altogether conscious, which was rather the worst of it, as she
sometimes said; and, in point of fact, she laughed outright, if one
could call it laughing.
She tried to say, "I should know that was you if I were in my grave,"
but found the words too many for her, and so said nothing at all, nor
even seemed to listen while he rated Molly, and condemned Kate, and
commanded both, and poured stimulants angrily and swiftly. The very
blankets and hot-water bags seemed to obey him, like sentient
things--as people did; and the tablet in his fingers quivered as if it
were afraid of him.
As soon as she began to breathe naturally again, she said, "I've made
you a great deal of trouble! How is Helen's cold, doctor?"
"I shall tell my wife that," replied the doctor, in a tone that was a
mongrel between anger and admiration. This puzzled her, and her fine
eyes gently questioned him of his irritation. For she and the doctor's
wife were schoolmates and old friends. She had been quite troubled
about Helen's cold.
"Oh, never mind," said Dr. Thorne; "
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NEWCASTLE
-VPON-TYNE
A SKETCH-BOOK BY
Robert J. S. Bertram
A·&·C·BLACK Ltd·SOHO SQUARE·LONDON·1916
DRAWINGS
1 THE·KEEP·OF·THE·CASTLE: (TITLE·PAGE).
2 NEWCASTLE·FROM·GATESHEAD.
3 THE·SOUTH·POSTERN.
4 THE·BLACK·GATE.
5 THE·GREAT·HALL·OF·THE·CASTLE.
6 THE·SALLYPORT.
7 THE·CATHEDRAL·FROM·GROAT·MARKET.
8 ST NICHOLAS'·&·BLACK·GATE: from·the·Castle.
9 ST ANDREW'S·CHURCH.
10 ST JOHN'S·CHURCH.
11 CHAPEL·IN·THE·TRINITY·HOUSE.
12 ALL·SAINT'S·CHURCH.
13 ST MARY'S·CHURCH, GATESHEAD.
14 HOLY·JESUS'·HOSPITAL.
15 SURTEES'·HOUSE, SANDHILL.
16 GREY·STREET.
17 BLACKETT·STREET.
18 NEVILLE·STREET.
19 THE·QUAYSIDE.
20 THE·FOUR·BRIDGES.
21 ELSWICK·WORKS.
22 PALMER'S·WORKS, JARROW.
23 THE·HIGH·AND·LOW·LIGHTS, NORTH·SHIELDS.
24 IN·JES
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Harper's
New Monthly Magazine
No. XXII.--March, 1852.--Vol. IV.
CONTENTS
Rodolphus.--A Franconia Story. By Jacob Abbott.
Recollections Of St. Petersburg.
A Love Affair At Cranford.
Anecdotes Of Monkeys.
The Mountain Torrent.
A Masked Ball At Vienna.
The Ornithologist.
A Child's Toy.
"Rising Generation"-Ism.
A Taste Of Austrian Jails.
Who Knew Best?
My First Place.
The Point Of Honor.
Christmas In Germany.
The Miracle Of Life.
Personal Sketches And Reminiscences. By Mary Russell Mitford.
Recollections Of Childhood.
Married Poets.--Elizabeth Barrett Browning--Robert Browning.
Incidents Of A Visit At The House Of William Cobbett.
A Reminiscence Of The French Emigration.
The Dream Of The Weary Heart.
New Discoveries In Ghosts.
Keep Him Out!
Story Of Rembrandt.
The Viper.
Esther Hammond's Wedding-Day.
My Novel; Or, Varieties In English Life.
A Brace Of Blunders By A Roving Englishman.
Public Executions In England.
What To Do In The Mean Time?
The Lost Ages.
Blighted Flowers.
Monthly Record of Current Events.
United States.
Mexico.
Great Britain.
France.
Austria And Hungary.
Editor's Table.
Editor's Easy Chair
Editor's Drawer.
Literary Notices.
A Leaf from Punch.
Fashions for March.
Footnotes
RODOLPHUS.--A FRANCONIA STORY.(1) BY JACOB ABBOTT.
SCENE OF THE STORY.
Franconia, a village among the mountains at the North.
PRINCIPAL PERSONS.
RODOLPHUS.
ELLEN LINN: his sister, residing with her aunt up the glen.
ANNIE LINN, a younger sister.
ANTOINE BIANCHINETTE, a French boy, at service at Mrs. Henry's, a short
distance from the village. He is called generally by grown people Antonio,
and by the children Beechnut.
MALLEVILLE, Mrs. Henry's niece.
ALPHONZO, called commonly Phonny, her son.
MR. KEEP, a lawyer.
Chapter I.
The manner in which indulgence and caprice on the part of the parent, lead
to the demoralization and ruin of the child, is illustrated by the history
of Rodolphus.
I. Bad Training.
Rodolphus, whatever may have been his faults, was certainly a very
ingenious boy. When he was very young he made a dove-house in the end of
his father's shed, all complete, with openings for the doves to go in and
out in front, and a door for himself behind. He made a ladder, also, by
which he could mount up to the door. He did all this with boards, which he
obtained from an old fence, for material, and an ax, and a wood saw, for
his only tools. His father, when he came to see the dove-house, was much
pleased with the ingenuity which Rodolphus had displayed in the
construction of it--though he found fault with him for taking away the
boards from the fence without permission. This, however, gave Rodolphus
very little concern.
[Illustration.]
The Rabbit House.
When the dove house was completed, Rodolphus obtained a pair of young
doves from a farmer who lived about a mile away, and put them into a nest
which he made for them in a box, inside.
At another time not long after this, he formed a plan for having some
rabbits, and accordingly he made a house for them in a corner of the yard
where he lived, a little below the village of Franconia. He made the house
out of an old barrel. He sawed a hole in one side of the barrel, near the
bottom of it, as it stood up upon one end--for a door, in order that the
rabbits might go in and out. He put a roof over the top of it, to keep out
the rain and snow. He also placed a _keg_ at the side of the barrel, by
way of wing into the building. There was a roof over this wing, too, as
well as over the main body of the house, or, rather, there was a board
placed over it, like a roof, though in respect to actual use this covering
was more properly a _lid_ than roof, for the keg was intended to be used
as a _store-room_, to keep the provisions in, which the rabbits were to
eat. The board, therefore, which formed the roof of the wing of the
building, was fastened at one edge, by leather hinges, and so could be
lifted up and let down again at pleasure.
Rodolphus's mother was unwilling that he should have any rabbits. She
thought that such animals in Rodolphus's possession would make her a great
deal of trouble. But Rodolphus said that he _would_ have some. At least,
he said, he would have _one_.
Rodolphus was standing in the path, in front of the door of his mother's
house, when he said this. His mother was upon the great flat stone which
served for a step.
"But Beechnut asks a quarter of a dollar for his rabbits." said his
mother, in an expostulating tone, "and you have not got any money."
"Ah, but I know where I can get some money," said Rodolphus.
"Where?" said his mother.
"Father will give it to me," said Rodolphus.
"But I shall ask him not to give it to you," said his mother.
"I don't care," said Rodolphus. "I can get it, if you do."
"How?" asked his mother.
Rodolphus did not answer, but began to turn summersets and cut capers on
the grass, making all sorts of antic gestures and funny grimaces toward
his mother. Mrs. Linn, for that was his mother's name, laughed, and then
went into the house, saying, as she went, "Oh, Rolf, Rolf, what a little
rogue you are!"
Rodolphus's father was a workman, and he was away from home almost all the
day, though sometimes Rodolphus himself went to the place where he worked,
to see him. When Mr. Linn came home at night, sometimes he _played_ with
Rodolphus, and sometimes he quarreled with him: but he never really
_governed_ him.
For example, when Rodolphus was a very little boy, he would climb up into
his father's lap, and begin to feel in his father's waistcoat pockets for
money. If his father directed him not to do so, Rodolphus would pay no
regard to it. If he attempted to take Rodolphus's hands away by force,
Rodolphus would scream, and struggle; and so his father, not wishing to
make a disturbance, would desist. If Mr. Linn frowned and spoke sternly,
Rodolphus would tickle him and make him laugh.
Finally, Rodolphus would succeed in getting a cent, perhaps, or some other
small coin, from his father's pocket, and would then climb down and run
away. The father would go after him, and try all sorts of coaxings and
threatenings, to induce Rodolphus to bring the cent back--while Mrs. Linn
would look on, laughing, and saying, perhaps, "Ah; let him have the cent,
husband. It is not much."
Being encouraged thus by his mother's interposition, Rodolphus would of
course persevere, and the contest would end at last by his keeping the
money. Then he would insist the next day, on going into the little village
close by, and spending it for gingerbread. He would go, while eating his
gingerbread, to where his father was at work, and hold it up to his father
as in triumph--making it a sort of trophy, as it were, of victory. His
father would shake his finger at him, laughing at the same time, and
saying, "Ah, Rolf! Rolf! what a little rogue you are!"
Rodolphus, in fact, generally contrived to have his own way in almost
every thing. His mother did not attempt to govern him; she tried to
_manage_ him; but in the end it generally proved that he managed her. In
fact, whenever he was engaged in any contest with his mother, his father
would usually take the boy's part, just as his mother had done in his
contests with his father.
For instance, one winter evening when he was quite a small boy, he was
sitting in a corner playing with some blocks. He was building a saw-mill.
His mother was at work in a little kitchen which opened into the room
where he was at play. His father was sitting on the settle, by the fire,
reading a newspaper. The door was open which led into the kitchen, and
Rodolphus, while he was at work upon his mill, watched his mother's
motions, for he knew that when she had finished the work which she was
doing, and had swept up the room, she would come to put him to bed. So
Rodolphus went on building the mill, and the bridge, and the flume which
was to convey the water to his mill, listening all the time to the sounds
in the kitchen, and looking up from time to time, with a very watchful
eye, at the door.
At length he heard the sound of the sweeping, and a few minutes afterward
his mother appeared at the door, coming in. Rodolphus dropped his blocks,
sprang to his feet, and ran round behind the table--a round table which
stood out in the middle of the room.
"Now, Rodolphus," said his mother, in a tone of remonstrance, looking at
the same time very seriously at him. "It is time for you to go to bed."
Rodolphus said nothing, but began to dance about, looking at his mother
very intently all the time, and moving this way and that, as she moved, so
as to keep himself exactly on the opposite side of the table from her.
"Rodolphus!" said his mother, in a very stern and commanding tone. "Come
to me this minute."
Rodolphus continued his dancing.
Rodolphus's mother was a very beautiful young woman. Her dark glossy hair
hung in curls upon her neck.
When she found that it did no good to command Rodolphus, the stern
expression of her face changed into a smile, and she said,
"Well, if you won't come, I shall have to catch you, that's all."
So saying, she ran round the table to catch him. Rodolphus ran too. His
mother turned first one way and then the other, but she could not get any
nearer to the fugitive. Rodolphus kept always on the farthest side of the
table from her. Presently Mr. Linn himself looked up and began to cheer
Rodolphus, and encourage him to run; and once when Mrs. Linn nearly caught
him and he yet escaped, Mr. Linn clapped his hands in token of his joy.
Mrs. Linn was now discouraged: so she stopped, and looking sternly at
Rodolphus again, she said,
"Now, Rodolphus, you _must_ come to me. Come this minute. If you don't
come, I shall certainly punish you." She spoke these words with a great
deal of force and emphasis, in order to make Rodolphus think that she was
really in earnest. But Rodolphus did not believe that she was in earnest,
and so it was evident that he had no intention to obey.
Mrs. Linn then thought of another plan for catching the fugitive, which
was to push the table along to one side of the room, or up into a corner,
and get Rodolphus out from behind it in that way. So she began to push.
Rodolphus immediately began to resist her attempt, by pushing against the
table himself, on the other side. His mother was the strongest, however,
and she succeeded in gradually working the table, with Rodolphus before
it, over to the further side of the room, notwithstanding all the efforts
that he made to prevent it. When he found at last that he was likely to be
caught, he left the table and ran behind the settle where his father was
reading. His mother ran after him and caught him in the corner.
She attempted to take him, but Rodolphus began to struggle and scream, and
to shake his shoulders when she took hold of them, evincing his
determination not to go with her. At the same time he called out, "Father!
father!"
His father looked around at the end of the settle to see what was the
matter.
"He won't let me put him to bed," said Mrs. Linn, "and it was time half an
hour ago."
"Oh, let him sit up a little while longer if he likes," said Mr. Linn.
"It's of no use to make him cry."
Mrs. Linn reluctantly left Rodolphus, murmuring to herself that he ought
to go to bed. Very soon, she said, he would be asleep upon the floor. "I
would _make_ him go," she added, "only if he cries and makes a noise, it
will wake Annie."
In fact Annie was beginning to move a little in the cradle then. The
cradle in which Annie was sleeping was by the side of the fire, opposite
to the settle. Mrs. Linn went to it, to rock it, so that Annie might go to
sleep again, and Rodolphus returned victorious to his mill.
These are specimens of the ways in which Rodolphus used to manage his
father and mother, while he was quite young. He became more and more
accomplished and capable in attaining his ends as he grew older, and
finally succeeded in establishing the ascendency of his own will over that
of his father and mother, almost entirely.
He was about four years old when the incidents occurred which have been
just described. When he was about five years old, he used to begin to go
and play alone down by the water. His father's house was near the water,
just below the bridge. There were some high rocks near the shore, and a
large flat rock rising out of the water. Rodolphus liked very much to go
down to this flat rock and play upon it. His mother was very much afraid
to have him go upon this rock, for the water was deep near it, and she was
afraid that he might fall in. But Rodolphus would go.
The road which led to Mr. Linn's from the village, passed round the rocks
above, at some distance above the bank of the stream. There was a fence
along upon the outer side of the road, with a little gate where Rodolphus
used to come through. From the gate there was a path, with steps, which
led down to the water. At one time, in order to prevent Rodolphus from
going down there, Mr. Linn fastened up the gate. Then Rodolphus would
climb over the fence. So his father, finding that it did no good to fasten
up the gate, opened it again.
Not content with going down to the flat stone contrary to his mother's
command, Rodolphus would sometimes threaten to go there and jump off, by
way of terrifying her, when his mother would not give him what he wanted.
This would frighten Mrs. Linn very much, and she would usually yield at
once to his demands, in order to avert the danger. Finally she persuaded
her husband to wheel several loads of stones there and fill up the deep
place, after which she was less uneasy about Rodolphus's jumping in.
Rodolphus was about ten years old when he made his rabbit house. Annie,
his sister, had grown up too. She was two years younger than Rodolphus,
and of course was eight. She was beautiful like her mother. She had blue
eyes, and her dark hair hung in curls about her neck. She was a gentle and
docile girl, and was often much distressed to see how disobedient and
rebellious Rodolphus was toward his father and mother.
She went out to see the rabbit house which Rodolphus had made, and she
liked it very much See wished that her mother would allow them to have a
rabbit to put into it, and she said so, as she stood looking at it, with
her hands behind her.
"I am sorry, that mother is not willing that you should have a rabbit,"
said she.
"Oh, never mind that," said Rodolphus, "I'll have one for all that, you
may depend."
-------------------------------------
That evening when Mr. Linn came home from his work, he took a seat near
the door, where he could look out upon the little garden. His mother was
busy setting the table for tea.
"Father," said Rodolphus, "I wish you would give me a quarter of a
dollar."
"What for," said Mr. Linn.
"To buy a rabbit," said Rodolphus.
"No," said his mother, "I wish you would not give him any money. I have
told him that I don't wish him to have any rabbits."
"Yes," said Rodolphus, speaking to his father. "Do, it only costs a
quarter of a dollar to get one, and I have got the house all ready for
him."
"Oh, no, Rolfy," said his father. "I would not have any rabbits. They are
good for nothing but to gnaw off all the bark and buds in the garden."
Here there followed a long argument between Rodolphus on the one side, and
his father and mother on the other, they endeavoring in every possible way
to persuade him that a rabbit would be a trouble and not a pleasure. Of
course, Rodolphus was not to be convinced. His father however, refused to
give him any money, and Rodolphus ceased to ask for it. His mother thought
that he submitted to his disappointment with very extraordinary
good-humor. But the fact was, he was not submitting to disappointment at
all. He had formed another plan.
He began playing with Annie about the yard and garden, saying no more, and
apparently thinking no more about his rabbit, for some time. At last he
came up to his father's side and said,
"Father, will you lend me your keys?"
"What do you want my keys for?" asked his father.
"I want to whistle with them," said Rodolphus. "Annie is my dog, and I
want to whistle to her."
"No," said his father, "you
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CONTEMPORARY
RUSSIAN NOVELISTS
Translated from the French of Serge Persky
By FREDERICK EISEMANN
JOHN W. LUCE AND COMPANY
BOSTON 1913
_Copyright, 1912_
BY C. DELAGRAVE
_Copyright, 1913_
BY L. E. BASSETT
To
THE MEMORY OF
F. N. S.
BY
THE TRANSLATOR
PREFACE
The principal aim of this book is to give the reader a good general
knowledge of Russian literature as it is to-day. The author, Serge
Persky, has subordinated purely critical material, because he wants
his readers to form their own judgments and criticize for
themselves. The element of literary criticism is not, however, by
any means entirely lacking.
In the original text, there is a thorough and exhaustive treatment
of the "great prophet" of Russian literature--Tolstoy--but the
translator has deemed it wise to omit this essay, because so much
has recently been written about this great man.
As the title of the book is "Contemporary Russian Novelists," the
essay on Anton Tchekoff, who is no longer living, does not rightly
belong here, but Tchekoff is such an important figure in modern
Russian literature and has attracted so little attention from
English writers that it seems advisable to retain the essay that
treats of his work.
Finally, let me express my sincerest thanks to Dr. G. H. Maynadier
of Harvard for his kind advice; to Miss Edna Wetzler for her
unfailing and valuable help, and to Miss Carrie Harper, who has gone
over this work with painstaking care.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. A Brief Survey of Russian Literature 1
II. Anton Tchekoff 40
III. Vladimir Korolenko 76
IV. Vikenty Veressayev 108
V. Maxim Gorky 142
VI. Leonid Andreyev 199
VII. Dmitry Merezhkovsky 246
VIII. Alexander Kuprin 274
IX. Writers in Vogue 289
CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN NOVELISTS
I
A BRIEF SURVEY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE
In order to get a clear idea of modern Russian literature, a
knowledge of its past is indispensable. This knowledge will help us
in understanding that which distinguishes it from other European
literatures, not only from the viewpoint of the art which it
expresses, but also as the historical and sociological mirror of the
nation's life in the course of centuries.
The dominant trait of this literature is found in its very origins.
Unlike the literatures of other European countries, which followed,
in a more or less regular way, the development of life and
civilization during historic times, Russian literature passed
through none of these stages. Instead of being a product of the
past, it is a protestation against it; instead of retracing the old
successive stages, it appears, intermittently, like a light
suddenly struck in the darkness. Its whole history is a long
continual struggle against this darkness, which has gradually melted
away beneath these rays of light, but has never entirely ceased to
veil the general trend of Russian thought.
As a result of the unfortunate circumstances which characterize her
history, Russia was for a long time deprived of any relations with
civilized Europe. The necessity of concentrating all her strength on
fighting the Mongolians laid the corner-stone of a sort of
semi-Asiatic political autocracy. Besides, the influence of the
Byzantine clergy made the nation hostile to the ideas and science of
the Occident, which were represented as heresies incompatible with
the orthodox faith. However, when she finally threw off the
Mongolian yoke, and when she found herself face to face with Europe,
Russia was led to enter into diplomatic relations with the various
Western powers. She then realized that European art and science were
indispensable to her, if only to strengthen her in warfare against
these States. For this reason a number of European ideas began to
come into Russia during the reigns of the last Muscovite sovereigns.
But they assumed a somewhat sacerdotal character in passing through
the filter of Polish society, and took on, so to speak, a dogmatic
air. In general, European influence was not accepted in Russia
except with extreme repugnance and restless circumspection, until
the accession of Peter I. This great monarch, blessed
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The Life Of
William Ewart Gladstone
By
John Morley
In Three Volumes--Vol. II.
(1859-1880)
Toronto
George N. Morang & Company, Limited
Copyright, 1903
By The Macmillan Company
CONTENTS
Book V. 1859-1868
Chapter I. The Italian Revolution. (1859-1860)
Chapter II. The Great Budget. (1860-1861)
Chapter III. Battle For Economy. (1860-1862)
Chapter IV. The Spirit Of Gladstonian Finance. (1859-1866)
Chapter V. American Civil War. (1861-1863)
Chapter VI. Death Of Friends--Days At Balmoral. (1861-1884)
Chapter VII. Garibaldi--Denmark. (1864)
Chapter VIII. Advance In Public Position And Otherwise. (1864)
Chapter IX. Defeat At Oxford--Death Of Lord Palmerston--Parliamentary
Leadership. (1865)
Chapter X. Matters Ecclesiastical. (1864-1868)
Chapter XI. Popular Estimates. (1868)
Chapter XII. Letters. (1859-1868)
Chapter XIII. Reform. (1866)
Chapter XIV. The Struggle For Household Suffrage. (1867)
Chapter XV. Opening Of The Irish Campaign. (1868)
Chapter XVI. Prime Minister. (1868)
Book VI. 1869-1874
Chapter I. Religious Equality. (1869)
Chapter II. First Chapter Of An Agrarian Revolution. (1870)
Chapter III. Education--The Career And The Talents. (1870)
Chapter IV. The Franco-German War.
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Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Print project.)
MARGUERITE DE ROBERVAL
_A ROMANCE OF THE DAYS OF JACQUES CARTIER_
By
T. G. MARQUIS
TORONTO
THE COPP CLARK COMPANY LIMITED
1899
MARGUERITE DE ROBERVAL
CHAPTER I
"These narrow, cramped streets torture me! I must get out of this place
or I shall go mad. The country, with its rolling fields and great
stretches of calm sky helps a little, but nothing except the ocean will
satisfy my spirit. Five years have gone now, and I am still penned up in
this miserable hole, with no power to go abroad, save for a cruise up
the Channel, or a run south along the coast. If matters do not change, I
think I shall quietly weigh anchor on La Hermine and slip across the
Atlantic without leave of King or blessing of priest. I tell you,
Claude, it would be rare sport to go that way, without a good-bye word
to friend or lover. Gold is there in plenty, and diamonds are there, and
a road to the Indies; and if we should bring back riches and new
discoveries the King would forgive our boldness."
The speaker was a middle-aged man, with jet-black hair and beard, and
piercing black eyes. He was as straight as a mid-forest pine, and tanned
and wrinkled with years of exposure to sun and wind, but was a
handsome, commanding fellow withal. His name was Jacques Cartier
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Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
CONNECTICUT
WIDE-AWAKE
SONGSTER.
EDITED BY
JOHN W. HUTCHINSON,
OF THE HUTCHINSON FAMILY OF SINGERS;
ASSISTED BY
BENJAMIN JEPSON.
“Lincoln and Liberty.”
NEW YORK:
O. HUTCHINSON, PUBLISHER,
272 GREENWICH STREET.
1860.
PURCHASING AGENCY.
FOR the accommodation of my numerous friends in various parts of the
country who prefer not to be at the expense of frequent visits to New
York, I have made arrangements with some of the most reliable houses in
the city to supply those who may favor me with their orders for
BOOKS, STATIONERY,
Hats and Caps, Dry-Goods,
DRUGS, HARDWARE, FURNITURE,
CARPETS, WALL-PAPERS, GROCERIES,
ETC., ETC.,
on such terms as can not but be satisfactory to the purchasers.
The disposition on the part of many merchants to overreach their
customers when they have an opportunity of doing so, renders it almost
as necessary for merchants to give references to their customers as
for customers to give references of their standing to the merchants;
hence I have been careful to make arrangements only with honorable and
responsible houses who can be fully relied on.
As my trade with those houses will be large in the aggregate, they can
afford to allow me a trifling commission and still supply my customers
at their _lowest rates_, which I will engage shall be as low as any
regular houses will supply them.
My friends and others are requested to try the experiment by forwarding
me orders for anything they may chance to want, and if not satisfied, I
will not ask them to repeat the experiment.
Those visiting the city are invited to give me a call before making
their purchases, and test the prices of the houses to whom I can with
confidence introduce them.
Bills for small lots of goods, if sent by express, can be paid for on
delivery, or arrangements can be made for supplying responsible parties
on time.
Address,
=O. HUTCHINSON, New York=.
CONNECTICUT
WIDE-AWAKE
SONGSTER.
EDITED BY
JOHN W. HUTCHINSON,
OF THE HUTCHINSON FAMILY OF SINGERS;
ASSISTED BY
BENJAMIN JEPSON.
“Lincoln and Liberty.”
NEW YORK:
O. HUTCHINSON, PUBLISHER,
272 GREENWICH STREET.
1860.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by
JOHN W. HUTCHINSON,
In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for
the Southern District of New York.
DAVIES & KENT,
STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS,
_113 Nassau Street, N. Y._
Contents.
PAGE
The Republican Platform 5
Lincoln and Victory 9
Strike for the Right 10
Hurrah Chorus 11
Hurrah for Abe Lincoln 12
Lincoln and Liberty 14
The People’s Nominee 15
Flag of the Brave 17
Come On! 18
Abe of Illinois 19
Our Country’s Call 20
The Grand Rally 21
Lincoln Going to Washington 22
For Freedom and Reform 24
Lincoln and Hamlin 25
Campaign Song 26
Ridden by the Slave Power 27
“Vive La Honest Abe” 29
The Gathering of the Republican Army 30
Lincoln’s Nomination 31
Freedom’s Call 32
Hope for the Slave 33
Freemen Win when Lincoln Leads 34
Uncle Sam’s Farm 35
Song of Freedom 37
The “Neb-Rascality.” 38
Free Soil Chorus 40
The Bay State Hurrah 42
For Liberty 43
Voice of Freedom 44
The Cause of Liberty 45
Lincoln, the Pride of the Nation 46
Rallying Song 47
Abe Lincoln is the Man 48
The Fate of a Fowler 49
Rallying Song of Rocky Mountain Club 51
The Liberty Army 52
Have You Heard the Loud Alarm? 53
Hark! ye Freemen 55
From Bad to Worse 56
The March of the Free 57
Our Flag is There 58
Lincoln and Victory 59
“Wide Awake” 61
We’ll Send Buchanan Home 62
Rallying Song 64
Lincoln 65
Song 66
Campaign Song 68
Freemen, Banish All Your Fears 69
“Wide-Awake Club” Song 70
A Jolly Good Crew We’ll Have 71
THE
REPUBLICAN PLATFORM.
_Resolved_, That we, the delegated representatives of the Republican
electors of the United States, in convention assembled, in the
discharge of the duty we owe to our constituents and our country, unite
in the following declarations:
_First_—That the history of the nation, during the last four years, has
fully established the propriety and necessity of the organization and
perpetuation of the Republican party, and that the causes which called
it into existence are permanent in their nature, and now, more than
ever before, demand its peaceful and constitutional triumph.
_Second_—That the maintenance of the principles promulgated in the
Declaration of Independence, and embodied in our federal Constitution,
is essential to the preservation of our Republican institutions, and
that the federal Constitution, the rights of the States, and the Union
of the States must and shall be preserved.
_Third_—That to the Union of the States this nation owes its
unprecedented increase in population; its surprising development of
material resources; its rapid augmentation of wealth; its happiness
at home and its honor abroad, and we hold in abhorrence all schemes
for disunion, come from whatever source they may; and we congratulate
the country that no Republican member of Congress has uttered or
countenanced a threat of disunion, so often made by Democratic members
of Congress, without rebuke and with applause from their political
associates; and we denounce those threats of disunion, in case of a
popular overthrow of their ascendancy, as denying the vital principles
of a free government, and as an avowal of contemplated treason, which
it is the imperative duty of an indignant people strongly to rebuke and
forever silence.
_Fourth_—That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States,
and especially the right of each State to order and control its own
domestic institutions, according to its own judgment exclusively,
is essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and
endurance of our political faith depend, and we denounce the lawless
invasion by armed force of any state or territory, no matter under what
pretext, as among the gravest of crimes.
_Fifth_—That the present Democratic administration has far exceeded
our worst apprehensions, in its measureless subserviency to the
exactions of a sectional interest, as is especially evident in its
desperate exertions to force the infamous Lecompton Constitution upon
the protesting people of Kansas—in construing the personal relation
between master and servant, to involve an unqualified property in
persons—in its attempted enforcement everywhere, on land and sea,
through the intervention of Congress and the federal courts, of the
extreme pretensions of a purely local interest, and in its general and
unvarying abuse of the power intrusted to it by a confiding people.
_Sixth_—That the people justly view with alarm the reckless
extravagance which pervades every department of the federal government;
that a return to rigid economy and accountability is indispensable
to arrest the system of plunder of the public treasury by favored
partisans; while the recent startling developments of fraud and
corruption at the federal metropolis show that an entire change of
administration is imperatively demanded.
_Seventh_—That the new dogma that the constitution of its own force
carries slavery into any or all the territories of the United States,
is a dangerous political heresy, at variance with the explicit
provisions of that instrument itself, with contemporaneous exposition,
and with legislative and judicial precedent, is revolutionary in its
tendency, and subversive of the peace and harmony of the country.
_Eighth_—That the normal condition of all the territory of the United
States is that of freedom; that as our republican fathers, when
they had abolished slavery in all our national territory, ordained
that no person should be deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law, it becomes our duty, by legislation,
whenever legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of
the constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny
the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any
individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the
United States.
_Ninth_—That we brand the recent reopening of the African slave trade,
under the cover of our national flag, aided by perversions of judicial
power, as a crime against humanity, a burning shame to our country and
age, and we call upon Congress to take prompt and efficient measures
for the total and final suppression of that execrable traffic.
_Tenth_—That in the recent vetoes by their federal governors of the
acts of the Legislature of Kansas and Nebraska, prohibiting slavery
in those territories, we find a practical illustration of the boasted
Democratic principle of non-intervention and popular sovereignty,
embodied in the Kansas and Nebraska bill, and a denunciation of the
deception and fraud involved therein.
_Eleventh_—That Kansas should of right be immediately admitted as a
State under the constitution recently formed and adopted by her people,
and accepted by the House of Representatives.
_Twelfth_—That while providing revenue for the support of the general
government, by duties upon imposts, sound policy requires such an
adjustment of these imposts as to encourage the development of the
industrial interest of the whole country, and we commend that policy
of national exchanges which secures to the workingmen liberal wages,
to agriculture remunerating prices, to mechanics and manufacturers an
adequate reward for their skill, labor, and enterprise, and to the
nation commercial prosperity and independence.
_Thirteenth_—That we protest against any sale or alienation to others
of the public lands held by actual settlers, and against any view of
the free homestead policy, which regards the settlers as paupers or
supplicants for public bounty, and we demand the passage by Congress
of the complete and satisfactory homestead measure, which has already
passed the house.
_Fourteenth_—That the National Republican party is opposed to any
change in our naturalization laws, or any State legislation by which
the rights of citizenship, hitherto accorded to immigrants from foreign
lands shall be abridged or impaired; and in favor of giving a full and
efficient protection to the rights of all classes of citizens, whether
native or naturalized, both at home or abroad.
_Fifteenth_—That appropriations by Congress for river and harbor
improvements of a national character, required for the accommodation
and security of an existing commerce, are authorized by the
constitution, and justified by an obligation of the government to
protect the lives and property of its citizens.
_Sixteenth_—That a railroad to the Pacific Ocean is imperatively
demanded by the interests of the whole country; that the federal
government ought to render immediate and efficient aid in its
construction, and that, as preliminary thereto, a daily overland mail
should be promptly established.
_Seventeenth_—Finally, having thus set forth our distinctive principles
and views, we invite the co-operation of all citizens, however
differing on other questions, who substantially agree with us in their
affirmance and support.
CONNECTICUT WIDE-AWAKE SONGSTER.
LINCOLN AND VICTORY.
BY W. SCOTT.
ARISE, arise, Republicans!
And bear the banner of the free
To where the star of empire lights
Us on to victory.
Then let the watch-word be
Lincoln and Victory!
Sound it from sea to sea,
Lincoln and Victory!
Arise, arise, Republicans!
And sweep the prairies of the West,
The teeming hill-sides of the East,
For Lincoln of the West.
Then let the watch-word be, etc.
Arise, arise, Republicans!
Our leader is an honest man;
We’ll follow on through good or ill—
For Lincoln leads the van.
Then let the watch-word be, etc.
STRIKE FOR THE RIGHT.
ONCE more to the combat with rekindled zeal,
Our flag to the breeze, and our hands to the steel!
We strike for the right, and we ask no delay,
We’re ready and eager to rush to the fray.
Strike for the right, men, strike for the right!
Close up your ranks, men, show them your might!
Rulers may tremble, and power may quail;
We strike for the right, and the right shall prevail.
Our forests and lakes, from Wisconsin to Maine,
Send out their brave sons to the conflict again;
While mountain and prairie with camp-fires aglow,
Re-echo the war-cry and welcome the blow.
Strike for the right, etc.
The trumpets are sounding, the battle’s begun,
There’s danger to face, and there’s work to be done:
The timid and sluggard may shrink from the fray,
The glory compensates our struggles to-day.
Strike for the right, etc.
Already their peril is felt by our foes,
Already they falter and shrink from our blows
The shout of our comrades rings thrilling and clear:
The victory’s certain, the victory’s near.
Strike for the right, etc.
A cheer for our leaders, the twin-hearted braves!
A cheer for the banner that over us waves!
With Lincoln and Hamlin we’ve nothing to fear:
The victory’s certain, the victory’s near.
Strike for the right, etc.
HURRAH CHORUS.
FOR Lincoln now we sing our lay,
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah!
For he’s the man, say what you may,
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah!
Now Illinois has one great son,
Who over the course swift will run.
He is the man, an honest one,
Oh, he’s the man for me.
Old Abe can maul, or he can thrash,
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah!
He’ll give it to your Loco trash,
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah!
Your two-faced man is naught to him,
E’en now his prospects are all dim,
Abe is the man, an honest man,
He is the man for me.
Abe is not rich in worldly goods,
Oh no, oh no, oh no!
But in his thoughts, his works, his words,
He’s true, he’s true, he’s true.
’Tis he who loves his wife and friends,
And o’er his duty daily bends.
He is the man, an honest man,
He is the man for me.
Upon the Eagle he shall ride,
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah!
And of our nation be the pride,
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah!
While Douglas shall remain below,
And his own horn still have to blow.
Abe is the man, an honest man,
He is the man for me.
HURRAH FOR ABE LINCOLN!
_Tune_—“Boatman Dance.”
HURRAH! hurrah! did you hear the news?
The Democrats have got the blues;
They’re puzzled now, and all afraid,
Because we’ve nominated Abe.
Then shout, freemen, shout!
Shout, freemen, shout!
We’ll all unite
And bravely fight
For the Star of Freedom’s dawning.
Hi! ho! we’ll put them through,
Split their rails, and haul them too;
Hi! ho! we’ll put them through,
Split their rails, and haul them too.
In all their ranks they can not find
A candidate to suit their mind;
They kick and squirm, but ’tis no use,
Their game is up, their platform’s loose.
Then shout, freemen, shout!
Shout, freemen, shout!
We’ll all unite
And bravely fight
For the Star of Freedom’s dawning.
Hi! ho! etc.
They know that they will lose the day
If they take up with _Stephen A._;
And so to add to their humbug swell,
I think they’d better take up _Bell_.
Then shout, freemen, shout!
Shout, freemen, shout!
We’ll all unite
And bravely fight
For the Star of Freedom’s dawning.
Hi! ho! etc.
I hear they’ve bought an old steam-tug,
On which to place poor little DUG;
For President too late they’ve found
His coat tail comes too near the ground.
Then shout, freemen, shout!
Shout, freemen, shout!
We’ll all unite
And bravely fight
For the Star of Freedom’s dawning.
Hi! ho! etc.
We’ll give them HAM enough this fall,
To satisfy them one and all;
Served up in style quite neat and plain,
Just imported from _Old Maine_.
Then shout, freemen, shout!
Shout, freemen, shout!
We’ll all unite
And bravely fight
For the Star of Freedom’s dawning.
Hi! ho! etc.
Hurrah! hurrah! we are sure to win,
And the way we’ll beat will be a sin;
The coming year’s impending blast
Will show them they have crowed their last.
Then shout, freemen, shout!
Shout, freemen, shout!
We’ll all unite
And bravely fight
For the Star of Freedom’s dawning.
Hi! ho! we’ll put them through,
Split
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A BUNDLE OF BALLADS
Edited By Henry Morley
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION
CHEVY CHASE
CHEVY CHASE (the later version)
THE NUT-BROWN MAID
ADAM BELL, CLYM OF THE CLOUGH, AND WILLIAM OF CLOUDESLIE
BINNORIE
KING COPHETUA AND THE BEGGAR MAID
TAKE THY OLD CLOAK ABOUT THEE
WILLOW, WILLOW, WILLOW
THE LITTLE WEE MAN
THE SPANISH LADY'S LOVE
EDWARD, EDWARD
ROBIN HOOD
KING EDWARD IV. AND THE TANNER OF TAMWORTH
SIR PATRICK SPENS
EDOM O' GORDON
THE CHILDREN IN THE WOOD
THE BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER OF BETHNAL GREEN
THE BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON
BARBARA ALLEN'S CRUELTY
SWEET WILLIAM'S GHOST
THE BRAES O' YARROW
KEMP OWYNE
O'ER THE WATER TO CHARLIE
ADMIRAL HOSIER'S GHOST
JEMMY DAWSON
WILLIAM AND MARGARET
ELFINLAND WOOD
CASABIANCA
AULD ROBIN GRAY
GLOSSARY
INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR.
Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel
from one great house to another and delight the people by the way,
was usual among us from the first. The scop invented and the glee-man
recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written
for the people. They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the
knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also
to public sympathy from social reformers.
As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection
of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from
his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the
houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.
The earliest story-telling was in recitative. When the old alliteration
passed on into rhyme, and the crowd or rustic fiddle took the place of
the old "gleebeam" for accentuation of the measure and the meaning of
the song, we come to the ballad-singer as Philip Sidney knew him. Sidney
said, in his "Defence of Poesy," that he never heard the old song of
Percy and Douglas, that he found not his heart moved more than with a
trumpet; and yet, he said, "it is sung but by some blind crowder, with
no rougher voice than rude style; which being so evil apparelled in the
dust and cobweb of that uncivil age, what would it work trimmed in the
gorgeous eloquence of Pindar?" Many an old ballad, instinct with natural
feeling, has been more or less corrupted, by bad ear or memory, among
the people upon whose lips it has lived. It is to be considered,
however, that the old broader pronunciation of some letters developed
some syllables and the swiftness of speech slurred over others,
which will account for many an apparent halt in the music of what was
actually, on the lips of the ballad-singer, a good metrical line.
"Chevy Chase" is, most likely, a corruption of the French word
chevauchee, which meant a dash over the border for destruction and
plunder within the English pale. Chevauchee was the French equivalent
to the Scottish border raid. Close relations between France and Scotland
arose out of their common interest in checking movements towards their
conquest by the kings of England, and many French words were used with a
homely turn in Scottish common speech. Even that national source of joy,
"great chieftain of the pudding-race," the haggis, has its name from
the French hachis. At the end of the old ballad of "Chevy Chase," which
reads the corrupted word into a new sense, as the Hunting on the Cheviot
Hills, there is an identifying of the Hunting of the Cheviot with the
Battle of Otterburn:--
"Old men that knowen the ground well enough call it the Battle of
Otterburn.
At Otterburn began this spurn upon a Monenday;
There was the doughty Douglas slain, the Percy never went away."
The Battle of Otterburn was fought on the 19th of August 1388. The
Scots were to muster at Jedburgh for a raid into England. The Earl
of Northumberland and his sons, learning the strength of the Scottish
gathering, resolved not to oppose it, but to make a counter raid into
Scotland. The Scots heard of this and divided their force. The
main body, under Archibald Douglas and others, rode for Carlisle.
A detachment of three or four hundred men-at-arms and two thousand
combatants, partly archers, rode for Newcastle and Durham, with James
Earl of Douglas for one of their leaders. These were already pillaging
and burning in Durham when the Earl of Northumberland first heard
of them, and sent against them his sons Henry and Ralph Percy. In a
hand-to-hand fight between Douglas and Henry Percy, Douglas took Percy's
pennon. At Otterburn the Scots overcame the English but Douglas fell,
struck by three spears at once, and Henry was captured in fight by Lord
Montgomery. There was a Scots ballad on the Battle of Otterburn quoted
in 1549 in a book--"The Complay
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[Illustration:
THE
MODERN SCOTTISH MINSTREL;
BY
CHARLES ROGERS, LL.D.
F.S.A. SCOT.
VOL. III.
ABBOTSFORD
EDINBURGH:
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, NORTH BRIDGE,
BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS TO THE QUEEN.]
* * * * *
[Illustration:
Allan Cunningham.
Lithographed for the Modern Scottish Minstrel, by Schenck & McFarlane.]
* * * * *
THE
MODERN SCOTTISH MINSTREL;
OR,
THE SONGS OF SCOTLAND OF THE
PAST HALF CENTURY.
WITH
Memoirs of the Poets,
AND
SKETCHES AND SPECIMENS
IN ENGLISH VERSE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED
MODERN GAELIC BARDS.
BY
CHARLES ROGERS, LL.D.,
F.S.A. SCOT.
IN SIX VOLUMES.
VOL. III
EDINBURGH:
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, NORTH BRIDGE,
BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS TO HER MAJESTY.
M.DCCC.LVI.
EDINBURGH:
PRINTED BY BALLANTYNE AND COMPANY,
PAUL'S WORK.
TO
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
SIR JAMES EDWARD ALEXANDER,
K.L.S., AND K.ST.J.,
A DISTINGUISHED TRAVELLER, A GALLANT OFFICER, AND
A PATRIOTIC SCOTSMAN,
THIS THIRD VOLUME
OF
The Modern Scottish Minstrel
IS DEDICATED,
WITH SENTIMENTS OF RESPECT AND GRATITUDE,
BY
HIS VERY OBEDIENT, FAITHFUL SERVANT,
CHARLES ROGERS.
SCOTTISH AND HELLENIC MINSTRELSY:
An Essay.
BY JAMES DONALDSON, A.M.
Men who compare themselves with their nearest neighbours are almost
invariably conceited, speak boastingly of themselves, and
disrespectfully of others. But if a man extend his survey, if he mingle
largely with people whose feelings and opinions have been modified by
quite different circumstances, the result is generally beneficial. The
very act of accommodating his mind to foreign modes of thought expands
his nature; and he becomes more liberal in his sentiments, more
charitable in his construction of deeds, and more capable of perceiving
real goodness under whatever shape it may present itself. So when a
Scotsman criticises Scotch poetry viewed by itself alone, he is apt to
be carried away by his patriotism,--he sees only the delightful side of
the subject, and he ventures on assertions which flatter himself and his
country at the expense of all other nations. If, however, we place the
productions of our own country side by side with those of another, the
excellences and the deficiencies of both are seen in stronger relief;
the contrasts strike the mind, and the heart is widened by sympathising
with goodness and beauty diversely conceived and diversely portrayed.
For this reason, we shall attempt a brief comparison of Hellenic and
Scottish songs.
Before we enter on our characterisation of these, we must glance at the
materials which we have to survey. Greek lyric poetry arose about the
beginning of the eighth century before the Christian era, and continued
in full bloom down to the time when it passed into drama on the Athenian
stage. The names of the poets are universally known, and have become,
indeed, almost part of our poetic language. Every one speaks of an
Anacreon, a Sappho, and a Pindar; and the names of Archilochus, Alcman,
Alcaeus, Stesichorus, Simonides, Ibycus, and Bacchylides, if not so often
used, are yet familiar to most. Few of these lyrists belonged to Greece
proper. They belonged to Greece only in the sense in which the Greeks
themselves used the word, as including all the colonies which had gone
forth from the motherland. Most of the early Greek song-writers dwelt in
Asia Minor--some were born in the islands of the Cyclades, and some in
Southern Italy; but all of them were proud of their Greek origin, all of
them were thorough Greeks in their hearts. It is
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provided by the Internet Archive
TWO DIANAS IN SOMALILAND
By Agnes Herbert
The Record of a Shooting Trip
With Twenty-Five Illustrations Reproduced from Photographs
London: John Lane
MCMVIII
[Illustration: 0001]
[Illustration: 0010]
[Illustration: 0011]
TO
THE LEADER OF
THE OPPOSITION SHOOT
SOLDIER, SHIKARI, AND SOMETIME
MISOGYNIST
TWO DIANAS IN SOMALILAND
CHAPTER I--WE SET OUT FOR SOMALILAND
```_This weaves itself perforce into my business_
`````King Lear=
|It is not that I imagine the world is panting for another tale about a
shoot. I am aware that of the making of sporting books there is no end.
Simply--I want to write. And in this unassuming record of a big shoot,
engineered and successfully carried through by two women, there may be
something of interest; it is surely worth more than a slight
endeavour to engage the even passing interest of one person of average
intelligence in these days of universal boredom.
I don’t know whether the idea of our big shoot first emanated from my
cousin or myself. I was not exactly a tenderfoot, neither was she. We
had both been an expedition to the Rockies at a time when big game there
was not so hard to find, but yet less easy to get at. We did not go to
the Rockies with the idea of shooting, our sole _raison d’être_ being to
show the heathen Chinee how not to cook; but incidentally the charm of
the chase captured us, and we exchanged the gridiron for the gun. So
at the end of March 190-we planned a sporting trip to Somaliland--very
secretly and to ourselves, for women hate being laughed at quite as much
as men do, and that is very much indeed.
My cousin is a wonderful shot, and I am by no means a duffer with a
rifle. As to our courage--well, we could only trust we had sufficient
to carry us through. We felt we had, and with a woman intuition is
everything. If she feels she is not going to fail, you may take it from
me she won’t. Certainly it is one thing to look a lion in the face
from England to gazing at him in Somaliland. But we meant to meet him
somehow.
Gradually and very carefully we amassed our stores, and arranged for
their meeting us in due course. We collected our kit, medicines, and
a thousand and one needful things, and at last felt we had almost
everything, and yet as little as possible. Even the little seemed too
much as we reflected on the transport difficulty. We sorted our things
most carefully--I longed for the floor-space of a cathedral to use as
a spreading-out ground--and glued a list of the contents of each
packing-case into each lid.
To real sportsmen I shall seem to be leaving the most important point
to the last--the rifles, guns, and ammunition. But, you see, I am only a
sportswoman by chance, not habit. I know it is the custom with your born
sportsman to place his weapons first, minor details last. “Nice customs
curtsey to great kings,” they say, and so it must be here. For King
Circumstance has made us the possessors of such wondrous modern rifles,
&c., as to leave us no reason to think of endeavouring to supply
ourselves with better. We, fortunately, have an uncle who is one of the
greatest shikaris of his day, and his day has only just passed, his sun
but newly set. A terribly bad mauling from a lion set up troubles in
his thigh, and blood poisoning finally ended his active career. He will
never hunt again, but he placed at our disposal every beautiful and
costly weapon he owned, together with his boundless knowledge. He
insisted on our taking many things that would otherwise have been left
behind, and his great trust in our powers inspired us with confidence.
It is to his help we owe the entire success of our expedition.
It would be an impertinence for a tyro like myself to offer any remarks
on the merits or demerits of any rifle. Not only do the fashions change
almost as quickly as in millinery, not only do great shikaris advise,
advertise, and adventure with any weapon that could possibly be of
service to anyone, but my knowledge, even after the experience gained
in our long shoot, is confined to the very few firearms we had with us.
They might not have met with unqualified approval from all men; they
certainly served us well. After all, that is the main point.
Our battery consisted of:
Three 12-bore rifles.
Two double-barrelled hammerless ejecting.500 Expresses.
One.35 Winchester.
Two small.22 Winchesters.
One single-barrel.350.
One 410 bore collector’s gun.
A regular _olla podrida_ in
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THE DISASTER WHICH ECLIPSED
HISTORY
THE
JOHNSTOWN
FLOOD
ILLUSTRATED
PUBLISHED BY
RICHARD K. FOX,
FRANKLIN SQ., NEW YORK.
PRICE, 10 CENTS.
Copyrighted 1889, by Richard K. Fox.
PARIS UNVEILED
--OR--
An Expose of Vice AND Crime
--IN THE--
GAY FRENCH CAPITAL.
Depicting in a truly graphic manner the
doings and sayings of the liveliest
people on the face of the earth
in the liveliest capital in
the world.
Handsomely and profusely illustrated with
innumerable Engravings.
Translated from the French Expressly for
Richard K. Fox
PRICE BY MAIL, 25 CENTS.
RICHARD K. FOX, Publisher,
Franklin Square, New York
HORROR!
THE JOHNSTOWN DISASTER WHICH ECLIPSED HISTORY.
A DEATH-DEALING DAM.
Hundreds upon Hundreds of People Swept Away by the Flood.
There is not one chance in a million that the Conemaugh river would
ever have been heard of in history had it not been for its action on
Friday evening, May 31.
The Conemaugh river is, or rather was, a simple little stream that
meandered through Northwestern Pennsylvania and made glad by its
peaceful murmurings those who dwelt by its bankside, or bore tokens of
affection in the way of pleasure-seeking picnickers, moonlight parties
or across-stream excursionists upon its placid bosom. It was one of
those inoffensive creeks, termed by courtesy a river, that the Hudson
river of the East, the Mississippi of the Middle or the Red river of
the West might call a stripling.
There are times when even the still, small voice arises in its might
and asserts its supremacy, and the wee small river of Conemaugh did
that self-same thing on Friday evening, May 31. All along the banks
of the listless, yet ever flowing, little alleged river the farmers
were preparing for their anticipated harvests; the fishermen of the
section--amateur fishermen indeed, for they were only equal to the
fish--small and incomplete as was the Conemaugh, such as you and I,
reader, who took pleasure in flinging their worm-crowded hooks into
the stomach of a log and then going home for more bait; bonny fairies,
brisk young tillers of the soil, toilers, and seeming-tired miners,
these and all other human concomitants that go to make up such a quiet,
thriving bailiwick dwelt in the locality.
And so went on the listless life of the denizens of the Conemaugh
Valley, nestling at the foot of the Allegheny range.
Snuggling in the cosiest nook, right where no prying reporter or
trout-fishing President ever bent his way was Johnstown. The word "was"
is used advisedly, Johnstown is no more. At four o'clock on the fateful
day all was serene. At six o'clock all was desolation and destruction.
[Illustration: THE OLD JOHNSTOWN.]
The "big dam" had broken and the little brooklet had burst its sides
for very glee at being dubbed a creek, and was making itself known in
history. The Brooklyn Theatre holocaust, with its dead three hundred,
paled into insignificance. The Mud Run and Reading disasters had to
take a back seat.
"Let me alone for horror," murmured the Conemaugh, "and I'll get there!"
It did get there.
Right above Johnstown on the self-same Conemaugh, or rather where
the North Fork glides into that erstwhile inoffensive stream, was a
reservoir.
The reservoir is on the site of the old lake, which was one of the
feeders of the Pennsylvania Canal. It is the property of a number
of wealthy gentlemen in Pittsburgh, who formed themselves into the
corporation, the title of which is the South Fork Fishing and Hunting
Club. This sheet of water was formerly known as Conemaugh Lake. It is
from two hundred to three hundred feet above the level of Johnstown,
being in the mountains. It is about three and one-half miles long and
from a mile to one and one-fourth miles in width, and in some places
it is 100 feet in depth. It holds more water than any other reservoir,
natural or
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2]***
This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler.
[Picture: Portrait of Lady Anne Blunt in Arab Costume]
A PILGRIMAGE TO NEJD,
_THE CRADLE OF THE ARAB RACE_.
* * * * *
A VISIT TO THE COURT OF THE ARAB EMIR, AND
“OUR PERSIAN CAMPAIGN.”
* * * * *
BY LADY ANNE BLUNT.
AUTHOR OF “THE BEDOUIN TRIBES OF THE EUPHRATES.”
* * * * *
IN TWO VOLUMES.—VOL. I.
* * * * *
WITH MAP, PORTRAITS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS FROM
THE AUTHOR’S DRAWINGS.
* * * * *
_SECOND EDITION_.
* * * * *
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET,
1881.
[_All Rights reserved_.]
* * * * *
These Volumes Are Dedicated
TO
SIR HENRY CRESWICKE RAWLINSON,
K.C.B., F.R.S.
BY
THE AUTHORESS.
PREFACE BY THE EDITOR.
READERS of our last year’s adventures on the Euphrates will hardly need
it to be explained to them why the present journey was undertaken, nor
why it stands described upon our title page as a “Pilgrimage.” The
journey to Nejd forms the natural complement of the journey through
Mesopotamia and the Syrian Desert; while Nejd itself, with the romantic
interest attached to its name, seems no unworthy object of a religious
feeling, such as might prompt the visit to a shrine. Nejd, in the
imagination of the Bedouins of the North, is a region of romance, the
cradle of their race, and of those ideas of chivalry by which they still
live. There Antar performed his labours of Hercules, and Hatim Taï the
more historical hero entertained his guests. To the Ánazeh and Shammar,
especially, whose northward migrations date only from a few generations
back, the tradition of their birth-place is still almost a recollection;
and even to the Arabs of the earlier invasions, the townsmen of such
places as Bozra, Palmyra, and Deyr, and to the Taï Bedouins, once lords
of Jebel Shammar, it appeals with a fascination more than equal to that
of the Hejaz itself. Nejd is to all of them what Palestine is to the
Jews, England to the American and Australian colonists; but with this
difference, that they are cut off from the object of their filial
reverence more absolutely in practice than these by an intervening gulf
of desert less hospitable than any sea. It is rare to meet anywhere in
the North an Arab who has crossed the Great Nefûd.
To us too, imbued as we were with the fancies of the Desert, Nejd had
long assumed the romantic colouring of a holy land; and when it was
decided that we were to visit Jebel Shammar, the metropolis of Bedouin
life, our expedition presented itself as an almost pious undertaking; so
that it is hardly an exaggeration, even now that it is over, and we are
once more in Europe, to speak of it as a pilgrimage. Our pilgrimage then
it is, though the religion in whose name we travelled was only one of
romance.
Its circumstances, in spite of certain disappointments which the
narrative will reveal, were little less romantic than the idea. Readers
who followed our former travels to their close, may remember a certain
Mohammed Abdallah, son of the Sheykh of Palmyra, a young man who, after
travelling with us by order of the Pasha from Deyr to his native town,
had at some risk of official displeasure assisted us in evading the
Turkish authorities, and accomplishing our visit to the Ánazeh. It may
further be remembered that, in requital of this service and because we
had conceived an affection for him (for he appeared a really high-minded
young fellow), Mohammed had been given his choice between a round sum of
money, and the honour of becoming “the Beg’s” brother, a choice which he
had chivalrously decided in favour of the brotherhood. We had then
promised him that, if all went well with us, we would return to Damascus
the following winter, and go in his company to Nejd, where he believed he
had relations, and that we would help him there to a wife from among his
own people.
The idea and the promise were in strict accordance with Bedouin notions,
and greatly delighted both him and his father Abdallah, to whom they were
in due course communicated. Arab custom is very little changed on the
point of marriage from what it was in the days of Abraham; and it was
natural that both father and son should wish for a wife for him of their
own blood, and that he should be ready to go far to fetch one. Moreover,
the sort of help we proposed giving (for he could hardly have travelled
to Nejd alone) was just
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material from the Google Print project.)
INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS
VOLUME IV NUMBER 2
THE WORD HOOSIER
_By_ JACOB PIATT DUNN
AND
JOHN FINLEY
_By_ MRS. SARAH A. WRIGLEY
(His Daughter)
INDIANAPOLIS
THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY
1907
THE WORD "HOOSIER."
During the period of about three-quarters of a century in which the
State of Indiana and its people have been designated by the word
"Hoosier," there has been a large amount of discussion of the origin and
meaning of the term, but with a notable lack of any satisfactory result.
Some of these discussions have been almost wholly conjectural in
character, but others have been more methodical, and of the latter the
latest and most exhaustive--that of Mr. Meredith Nicholson[1]--sums up
the results in the statement "The origin of the term 'Hoosier' is not
known with certainty." Indeed the statement might properly have been
made much broader, for a consideration of the various theories offered
leaves the unprejudiced investigator with the feeling that the real
solution of the problem has not even been suggested. This lack of
satisfactory conclusions, however, may be of some value, for it strongly
suggests the probability that the various theorists have made some false
assumption of fact, and have thus been thrown on a false scent, at the
very beginning of their investigations.
As is natural in such a case, there has been much of assertion of what
was merely conjectural, often accompanied by the pioneer's effort to
make evidence of his theory by the statement that he was "in Indiana at
the time and knows the facts." The acceptance of all such testimony
would necessarily lead to the adoption of several conflicting
conclusions. In addition to this cause of error, there have crept into
the discussion several misstatements of fact that have been commonly
adopted, and it is evident that in order to reach any reliable
conclusion now, it will be necessary to examine the facts critically and
ascertain what are tenable.
The traditional belief in Indiana is that the word was first put in
print by John Finley, in his poem "The Hoosiers Nest," and this is
noted by Berry Sulgrove, who was certainly as well acquainted with
Indiana tradition as any man of his time.[2] This belief is at least
probably well founded, for up to the present time no prior use of the
word in print has been discovered. This poem attracted much attention at
the time, and was unquestionably the chief cause of the widespread
adoption of the word in its application to Indiana, for which reasons it
becomes a natural starting-point in the inquiry.
It is stated by Oliver H. Smith that this poem originally appeared as a
New Year's "carriers' address" of the Indianapolis Journal in 1830,[3]
and this statement has commonly been followed by other writers, but this
is clearly erroneous, as any one may see by inspection of the files of
the Journal, for it printed its address in the body of the paper in
1830, and it is a totally different production. After that year it
discontinued this practice and issued its addresses on separate sheets,
as is commonly done at present. No printed copy of the original
publication is in existence, so far as known, but Mr. Finley's
daughter--Mrs. Sarah Wrigley, former librarian of the Morrison Library,
at Richmond, Indiana--has a manuscript copy, in the author's
handwriting, which fixes the date of publication as Jan. 1, 1833. There
is no reason to question this date, although Mr. Finley states in his
little volume of poems printed in 1860, that this poem was written in
1830. The poem as it originally appeared was never reprinted in full, so
far as is known, and in that form it is entirely unknown to the present
generation, although it has been reproduced in several forms, and in two
of them by direct authority of the author.[
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BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN LITERATURE
COMPRISING THE EPIC OF IZDUBAR, HYMNS, TABLETS, AND CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS
WITH A SPECIAL INTRODUCTION BY EPIPHANIUS WILSON, A.M.
REVISED EDITION
1901
SPECIAL INTRODUCTION
The great nation which dwelt in the seventh century before our era on the
banks of Tigris and Euphrates flourished in literature as well as in the
plastic arts, and had an alphabet of its own. The Assyrians sometimes
wrote with a sharp reed, for a pen, upon skins, wooden tablets, or papyrus
brought from Egypt. In this case they used cursive letters of a Phoenician
character. But when they wished to preserve their written documents, they
employed clay tablets, and a stylus whose bevelled point made an
impression like a narrow elongated wedge, or arrow-head. By a combination
of these wedges, letters and words were formed by the skilled and
practised scribe, who would thus rapidly turn off a vast amount of "copy."
All works of history, poetry, and law were thus written in the cuneiform
or old Chaldean characters, and on a substance which could withstand the
ravages of time, fire, or water. Hence we have authentic monuments of
Assyrian literature in their original form, unglossed, unaltered, and
ungarbled, and in this respect Chaldean records are actually superior to
those of the Greeks, the Hebrews, or the Romans.
The literature of the Chaldeans is very varied in its forms. The hymns to
the gods form an important department, and were doubtless employed in
public worship. They are by no means lacking in sublimity of expression,
and while quite unmetrical they are proportioned and emphasized, like
Hebrew poetry, by means of parallelism. In other respects they resemble
the productions of Jewish psalmists, and yet they date as far back as the
third millennium before Christ. They seem to have been transcribed in the
shape in which we at present have them in the reign of Assurbanipal, who
was a great patron of letters, and in whose reign libraries were formed in
the principal cities. The Assyrian renaissance of the seventeenth century
B.C. witnessed great activity among scribes and book collectors: modern
scholars are deeply indebted to this golden age of letters in Babylonia
for many precious and imperishable monuments. It is, however, only within
recent years that these works of hoar antiquity have passed from the
secluded cell of the specialist and have come within reach of the general
reader, or even of the student of literature. For many centuries the
cuneiform writing was literally a dead letter to the learned world. The
clue to the understanding of this alphabet was originally discovered in
1850 by Colonel Rawlinson, and described by him in a paper read before the
Royal Society. Hence the knowledge of Assyrian literature is, so far as
Europe is concerned, scarcely more than half a century old.
Among the most valuable of historic records to be found among the
monuments of any nation are inscriptions, set up on public buildings, in
palaces, and in temples. The Greek and Latin inscriptions discovered at
various points on the shores of the Mediterranean have been of priceless
value in determining certain questions of philology, as well as in
throwing new light on the events of history. Many secrets of language have
been revealed, many perplexities of history disentangled, by the words
engraven on stone or metal, which the scholar discovers amid the dust of
ruined temples, or on the _cippus_ of a tomb. The form of one Greek
letter, perhaps even its existence, would never have been guessed but for
its discovery in an inscription. If inscriptions are of the highest
critical importance and historic interest, in languages which are
represented by a voluminous and familiar literature, how much more
precious must they be when they record what happened in the remotest dawn
of history, surviving among the ruins of a vast empire whose people have
vanished from the face of the earth?
Hence the cuneiform inscriptions are of the utmost interest and value, and
present the greatest possible attractions to the curious and intelligent
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file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s notes:
The text of this e-book has been preserved in its original form
apart from correction of several typographic errors: (rog → frog,
arrranged → arranged, downword → downward, and → of (in journal title),
developes → develops). Inconsistent use of accents and hyphenation, and
inconsistent spelling, e.g. referable/referrible, has not been altered.
Several redundant parentheses have been deleted. Paragraphs of quoted
text on pp. 17–19 are incomplete and/or paraphrased (compared with the
original source); ellipsis dots have been inserted to indicate text
omissions, and quotation marks inserted where they were lacking.
Some illustrations have been moved nearer to the relevant text and
their location therefore does not necessarily correspond to that
shown in the List of Illustrations. Footnotes have been numbered and
positioned below the relevant parapraphs.
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[Illustration:
_C. Berjeau_ _W. Ballingall_
WALKING, SWIMMING, AND FLYING.]
ANIMAL LOCOMOTION
OR
WALKING, SWIMMING, AND FLYING,
WITH A DISSERTATION ON
AËRONAUTICS.
BY
J. BELL PETTIGREW, M.D. F.R.S. F.R.S.E. F.R.C.P.E.
PATHOLOGIST TO THE ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH; CURATOR OF THE
MUSEUM OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH;
Extraordinary Member and late President of the Royal Medical Society
of Edinburgh; Croonian Lecturer to the Royal Society of London
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BLINDFOLDED
By Earle Ashley Walcott
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I A DANGEROUS ERRAND
II A CRY FOR HELP
III A QUESTION IN THE NIGHT
IV A CHANGE OF NAME
V DODDRIDGE KNAPP
VI A NIGHT AT BORTON'S
VII MOTHER BORTON
VIII IN WHICH I MEET A FEW SURPRISES
IX A DAY IN THE MARKET
X A TANGLE OF SCHEMES
XI THE DEN OF THE WOLF
XII LUELLA KNAPP
XIII A DAY OF GRACE
XIV MOTHER BORTON'S ADVICE
XV I AM IN THE TOILS
XVI AN ECHO OF WARNING
XVII IN A FOREIGN LAND
XVIII THE BATTLE IN THE MAZE
XIX A DEAL IN STOCKS
XX MAKING PROGRESS
XXI AT THE BIDDING OF THE UNKNOWN
XXII TRAILED
XXIII A PIECE OF STRATEGY
XXIV ON THE ROAD
XXV A FLUTTER IN THE MARKET
XXVI A VISION OF THE NIGHT
XXVII A LINK IN THE CHAIN
XXVIII THE CHASE IN THE STORM
XXIX THE HEART OF THE MYSTERY
XXX THE END OF THE JOURNEY
XXXI THE REWARD
BLINDFOLDED
CHAPTER I
A DANGEROUS ERRAND
A city of hills with a fringe of houses crowning the lower heights;
half-mountains rising bare in the background and becoming real mountains
as they stretched away in the distance to right and left; a confused
mass of buildings coming to the water's edge on the flat; a forest
of masts, ships swinging in the stream, and the streaked, yellow,
gray-green water of the bay taking a cold light from the setting sun as
it struggled through the wisps of fog that fluttered above the serrated
sky-line of the city--these were my first impressions of San Francisco.
The wind blew fresh and chill from the west with the damp and salt of
the Pacific heavy upon it, as I breasted it from the forward deck of the
ferry steamer, _El Capitan_. As I drank in the air and was silent with
admiration of the beautiful panorama that was spread before me, my
companion touched me on the arm.
"Come into the cabin," he said. "You'll be one of those fellows who
can't come to San Francisco without catching his death of cold, and then
lays it on to the climate instead of his own lack of common sense. Come,
I can't spare you, now I've got you here at last. I wouldn't lose you
for a million dollars."
"I'll come for half the money," I returned, as he took me by the arm and
led me into the close cabin.
My companion, I should explain, was Henry Wilton, the son of my
father's cousin, who had the advantages of a few years of residence in
California, and sported all the airs of a pioneer. We had been close
friends through boyhood and youth, and it was on his offer of employment
that I had come to the city by the Golden Gate.
"What a resemblance!" I heard a woman exclaim, as we entered the cabin.
"They must be twins."
"There, Henry," I whispered, with a laugh; "you see we are discovered."
Though our relationship was not close we had been cast in the mold of
some common ancestor. We were so nearly alike in form and feature as
to perplex all but our intimate acquaintances, and we had made the
resemblance the occasion of many tricks in our boyhood days.
Henry had heard the exclamation as well as I. To my surprise, it
appeared to bring him annoyance or apprehension rather than amusement.
"I had forgotten that it would make us conspicuous," he said, more
to himself than to me, I thought; and he glanced through the cabin as
though he looked for some peril.
"We were used to that long ago," I said, as we found a seat. "Is the
business ready for me? You wrote that you thought it would be in hand by
the time I got here."
"We can't talk about it here," he said in a low tone. "There is plenty
of work to be done. It's not hard, but, as I wrote you, it needs a man
of pluck and discretion. It's delicate business, you understand, and
dangerous if you can't keep your head. But the danger won't be yours.
I've got that end of it."
"Of course you're not trying to do anything against the law?" I said.
"Oh, it has nothing to do with the law," he replied with an odd
smile. "In fact, it's a little matter in which we are--well, you might
say--outside the law."
I gave a gasp at this disturbing suggestion, and Henry chuckled as he
saw the consternation written on my face. Then he rose and said:
"Come, the boat is getting in."
"But I want to know--" I began.
"Oh, bother your 'want-to-knows.' It's not against the law--just outside
it,
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Transcriber’s Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations
in hyphenation have been standardised but all other spelling and
punctuation remains unchanged.
Footnotes are placed at the end of chapter.
Italics are represented thus _italic_, and superscripts thus ^.
The periods of the satellites of Uranus have been added to the table as
specified in a subsequent note.
The layout of several tables has been modified to maintain clarity
within wdth restrictions.
[Illustration:
LONDON STEREOSCOPIC CO. PHOTOMEZZOTYPE.
STANMORE OBSERVATORY.
INSIDE VIEW.]
TELESCOPIC WORK
FOR
STARLIGHT EVENINGS.
BY
WILLIAM F. DENNING, F.R.A.S.
(FORMERLY PRESIDENT OF THE LIVERPOOL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY).
“To ask or search I blame thee not, for heaven
Is as the book of God before thee set,
Wherein to read his wondrous works.”
MILTON.
LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
1891.
[_All rights reserved._]
[Illustration: ALERE FLAMMAM.]
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
PREFACE.
It having been suggested by some kind friends that a series of articles
on “Telescopes and Telescopic Work,” which I wrote for the ‘Journal of
the Liverpool Astronomical Society’ in 1887-8, should be reprinted, I
have undertaken the revision and rearrangement of the papers alluded
to. Certain other contributions on “Large and Small Telescopes,”
“Planetary Observations,” and kindred subjects, which I furnished to
‘The Observatory’ and other scientific serials from time to time, have
also been included, and the material so much altered and extended that
it may be regarded as virtually new matter. The work has outgrown my
original intention, but it proved so engrossing that it was found
difficult to ensure greater brevity.
The combination of different papers has possibly had the effect of
rendering the book more popular in some parts than in others. This
is not altogether unintentional, for the aim has been to make the
work intelligible to general readers, while also containing facts
and figures useful to amateur astronomers. It is merely intended as a
contribution to popular astronomy, and asserts no rivalry with existing
works, many of which are essentially different in plan. If any excuse
were, however, needed for the issue of this volume it might be found
in the rapid progress of astronomy, which requires that new or revised
works should be published at short intervals in order to represent
existing knowledge.
The methods explained are approximate, and technical points have
been avoided with the view to engage the interest of beginners who
may find it the stepping-stone to more advanced works and to more
precise methods. The object will be realized if observers derive any
encouragement from its descriptions or value from its references,
and the author sincerely hopes that not a few of his readers will
experience the same degree of pleasure in observation as he has done
during many years.
No matter how humble the observer, or how paltry the telescope,
astronomy is capable of furnishing an endless store of delight to its
adherents. Its influences are elevating, and many of its features
possess the charms of novelty as well as mystery. Whoever contemplates
the heavens with the right spirit reaps both pleasure and profit, and
many amateurs find a welcome relaxation to the cares of business in
the companionship of their telescopes on “starlight evenings.”
The title chosen is not, perhaps, a comprehensive one, but it covers
most of the ground, and no apology need be offered for dealing with one
or two important objects not strictly within its scope.
For many of the illustrations I must express my indebtedness to the
Editors of the ‘Observatory’ to the Council of the R.A.S., to the
proprietors of ‘Nature,’ to Messrs. Browning, Calver, Cooke & Sons,
Elger, Gore, Horne Thornthwaite and Wood, Klein, and other friends.
The markings on Venus and Jupiter as represented on pages 150 and 180
have come out much darker than was intended, but these illustrations
may have some value as showing the position and form of the features
delineated. It is difficult to reproduce delicate planetary markings
in precisely the same characters as they are displayed in a good
telescope. The apparent orbits of the satellites of the planets,
delineated in figs. 41, 44, &c., are liable to changes depending on
their variable position relatively to the Earth, and the diagrams are
merely intended to give a good idea of these satellite systems.
W. F. D.
Bishopston, Bristol,
1891.
Plates I. and II. are views of the Observatory and Instruments recently
erected by Mr. Klein at Stanmore, Middlesex, lat. 51° 36′ 57″ N.,
long. 0° 18′ 22″ W. The height above sea-level is 262 feet. The
telescope is a 20-inch reflector by Calver, of 92 inches focus; the
tube is, however, 152 inches long so as to cut off all extraneous
rays. It is mounted equatoreally, and is provided with a finder of
6 inches aperture—one of Tulley’s famous instruments a century ago.
The large telescope is fixed on a pillar of masonry 37 feet high, and
weighing 115 tons. Mr. Klein proposes to devote the resources of his
establishment to astronomical photography, and it has been provided
with all the best appliances for this purpose. The observatory is
connected by telephone with Mr. Klein’s private residence, and the
timepieces and recording instruments are all electrically connected
with a centre of observation in his study.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Page
THE TELESCOPE, ITS INTENTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS POWERS 1
CHAPTER II.
RELATIVE MERITS OF LARGE AND SMALL TELESCOPES 20
CHAPTER III.
NOTES ON TELESCOPES AND THEIR ACCESSORIES 38
CHAPTER IV.
NOTES ON TELESCOPIC WORK 66
CHAPTER V.
THE SUN 87
CHAPTER VI.
THE MOON 113
CHAPTER VII.
MERCURY 137
CHAPTER VIII.
VENUS 145
CHAPTER IX.
MARS 155
CHAPTER X.
THE PLANETOIDS 167
CHAPTER XI.
JUPITER 170
CHAPTER XII.
SATURN 195
CHAPTER XIII.
URANUS AND NEPTUNE 215
CHAPTER XIV.
COMETS AND COMET-SEEKING 227
CHAPTER XV.
METEORS AND METEORIC OBSERVATIONS 260
CHAPTER XVI.
THE STARS 286
CHAPTER XVII.
NEBULÆ AND CLUSTERS OF STARS 324
NOTES AND ADDITIONS 347
INDEX 353
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATE I. Interior of Mr. Klein’s Observatory _Frontispiece_
II. View of Mr. Klein’s
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[Illustration: This book belongs to]
Clown the Circus Dog
[Illustration: Clown the Circus Dog]
CLOWN
The Circus Dog
Story and Illustrations
By
A. Vimar
Author of "The Curly-Haired Hen"
Translated by Nora K. Hills
[Illustration: Clown the Circus Dog]
The Reilly & Britton Company
Chicago
Copyright, 1917
by
The Reilly & Britton Co.
_Clown, the Circus Dog_
_To My Little Daughter
Genevieve Vimar_
[Illustration: Child with cat and dog]
Table
Clown's Puppy Days 15
The Capture of Clown 43
Clown Escapes 54
Clown at the Circus 64
The Return Home 101
[Illustration: Dog on book]
Clown, the Circus Dog
1
CLOWN'S PUPPY DAYS
Summer was here at last. The winter had not been very cold, but it had
stayed long after spring should have come. Now it seemed almost too
warm, perhaps because only a few days before it had been so cold.
[Illustration: Desk with books, paper, quill, laurel wreaths]
It was the end of the school-year, the time for examinations and the
giving of prizes, and these last few days were hard on both teachers
and children.
[Illustration: Girl with dogs]
Already a holiday breeze was blowing over the budding and blossoming
country, and the hum of insects and the singing of birds made one think
of the fun that would come with vacation.
Among the scholars bending over their desks was Bertha, a little
dark-haired girl, her black eyes fringed with long lashes. She was
twelve years old and was working for her first certificate. Morning and
afternoon she came to the school, sometimes brought by the maid, but
more often by her mother.
As a child she had always been petted and spoiled by her parents, who
gave her all the candies and toys she wanted. Her little room was
crowded with dolls and playthings of all sorts, each of which had its
name.
There were fair dolls, dark dolls, white dolls, black dolls, big
dolls--some even were life-size--fat dolls, thin dolls, little dolls,
tiny dolls; there were jointed dolls, who opened and shut their eyes;
there were dolls who could talk, and dolls who kept silent. I believe
myself that Bertha loved the silent ones best; they could not answer
back, you see.
Uncle Jean, the brother of Bertha's father, had made a point of giving
Bertha her first toy. He brought her, one fine morning, a lovely white
poodle, which had pink silk ribbons on it and little tinkly bells.
There was a spring inside, and when Bertha pressed this gently with
her fingers, the dog barked. It was altogether so well made that you
would have thought it was alive.
When he gave it to her, before the whole family, Uncle Jean made her
the following speech:
[Illustration: Desk with toys...and dog puppet]
"My dear niece, I give you this dog rather than a doll, because the
dog is the friend of man, but a doll--" here he mumbled into his big
moustache a lot of long words which got so mixed up with the barking of
the dog that nobody could catch them. Perhaps it was just as well.
[Illustration: Woman with child, man with dog]
Uncle Jean was always saying funny clever things to make people laugh
but really he was very wise and thoughtful. Everybody liked him and he
was invited places all the time.
So Bertha's first plaything was this dog, who was then and there given
the name of "Clown." Why they hit upon this name I really cannot say.
After the dog there came, one by one, all the dolls I just told you
about, but Bertha loved Clown best. You see, he was the only dog she
had, but there were many dolls to share her love.
[Illustration: Bertha and dog puppet]
Every night he was put to bed at the feet of his little mistress, who,
each morning as she woke up, took him into her arms and hugged him
tight.
Later on, as Bertha grew older, she would talk to him for hours, Clown
answering with long barks, really made by Bertha's fingers pressing on
the spring.
They were then, as I was just now telling you, on the eve of the
examinations. Bertha was working her hardest. For several days she had
been very, very quiet, and just a little worried; her parents were
quite anxious and petted her even more than usual.
[Illustration: Bertha and her mother]
At last one morning, when her mother asked her what was the matter,
Bertha decided to tell her all about it. After a long sigh she said:
"Mother, if I pass my examination, will you give me what I have been
wanting for a long, long time?"
Then, without waiting for an answer, she went on:
"I want a dog, a little dog, but--a real live one. It will be quite
easy to get one if you will only let me. Miss Lewis, our principal
at school, is going to have some. Don't laugh, Mother, it is quite
true. She told me so herself, and she promised to give me one if you
and father would let me have it. Oh, you will ask father, won't you?
Everything depends on him," she murmured, snuggling up to her mother
and hugging her, "for I know you will let me, won't you, sweetest? Oh,
I am so happy, so proud to think of having a dog of my very own." She
was so excited, she clapped her hands and danced for joy.
Bertha passed her examinations with honors and, true to his promise,
her father said that she might have her dog.
After that nobody could think of anything but the doggie, so eagerly
expected. What would he be like? What color would he be? She imagined
him now black, now white, now black and white, now sandy. She asked
all sorts of questions of everybody she met. She dreamed of him, she
thought of him all day long, of nothing but him.
[Illustration: Marie with a letter for Bertha]
Her father told her not to get too excited, as he was afraid she might
be disappointed. Bertha listened at last to his good advice, but even
then she could not resist stopping to look in at the windows of the
leather goods stores, where muzzles, collars, chains, leashes, whips,
boots for the mud, coats and blankets--in short, all the things a dog
could need--were displayed.
Dreamily she gazed at the poodles and pet-dogs which passed her, led by
fine ladies.
But, what was this? Marie with a letter for the little girl? Bertha
recognized the handwriting. Miss Lewis had written to tell her the
great news--the puppies had arrived. Five of them. Five little puppies,
each with different markings, and Miss Lewis graciously invited her
pupil to come and choose.
[Illustration: Mrs. Lewis' dog with five puppies]
Bertha was breathless, wild with joy.
"Mother, Mother, let's go quick! My doggie is waiting."
Dressing hastily, mother and daughter went straight to Miss Lewis's
house, where they found her beside a beautiful black poodle, who,
jealously ready to protect her babies, looked at her visitors as though
she didn't quite trust them.
[Illustration: Little black puppy]
After much hesitation Bertha at last decided upon a sturdy little black
puppy, with a white lock set exactly in the middle of his forehead,
like a pennant, which made him look very quaint and cunning. Perhaps it
was the white lock that decided Bertha, anyhow, directly she saw him,
the darling, she cried:
"That's the one I want! I choose him."
She couldn't have told you herself why she chose that one. She thought
his brothers and sisters all very pretty, but he was the one she wanted.
Love is often like that.
Bertha, who already loved the puppy she had chosen, wanted to take him
home with her at once, but her mother and even Miss Lewis insisted
that he was too young yet. Just think, he was only just born. It would
not be wise to bring him up on the bottle--such a bother--and then the
risk of sickness and all that might cause his little mistress all sorts
of worry.
[Illustration: Puppy with mother]
Bertha saw that they were right, but she begged Miss Lewis to let her
come every day to see him, to which her teacher willingly agreed.
After that Bertha did not let a day go by without a visit to her little
friend. The mother-dog soon grew used to seeing the girl; she was a
trifle greedy, I must confess, and her affection was quite won by the
cakes and dainties which Bertha brought her.
[Illustration: Clown as puppy]
For more than a month the puppy stayed with his mother. He had to be
entirely weaned before his mistress could have him.
In the meantime Bertha was busier than ever, busier than she would have
been if she had had the doggie at home. She was making all sorts of
preparations for him. She bought a regular outfit for her baby, as she
called him, and she even wanted to get him nightcaps and pajamas. These
her mother did not think necessary. However, to make up for not getting
them, she had to get all kinds of other things: curtains for his bed,
cushions, ribbons, a collar, a leash, even a tiny muzzle. Her doggie
must be well provided for.
[Illustration: Dog on book]
After hesitating a long time over the name to be given to the newcomer,
Bertha decided to call him "Clown," after her first dog, Uncle Jean's
toy. Besides, the name suited him exactly; he was very active, and had
a happy look and clumsy ways which made you laugh.
He would spend hours chasing his tail, but as it was rather short and
his body very chubby, he never quite caught it. The look of disgust
which came over his face when he finally gave up was so funny that
Bertha laughed till the tears came to her eyes.
[Illustration: Clown]
Meantime all his brothers and sisters had been given away. This did
not worry Clown a bit; he certainly did not lose his appetite over it;
on the contrary, he stuffed himself nearly sick. He drank so hard that
sometimes the milk would run out of his nose. Eating like that, he soon
became a big fat doggie, strong and active, barking at everything, and
snapping at flies.
When Clown was at last old enough to be taken away, Bertha, with her
faithful maid, Marie, went to get the little fellow and bring him to
his new home.
They had a regular christening party to which all Bertha's little
friends and their brothers were invited. There was a fine lunch with
lots of candy; they even drank fruit-juice punch. The party was talked
of long after by the guests, who enjoyed themselves immensely.
[Illustration]
But, alas, a month afterward, a cloud dimmed Bertha's happiness. Uncle
Jean did not like the looks of Clown. It is true that although his
coat was well brushed and curled and perfumed, the dog did look more
like a little bear than a poodle. Uncle Jean was very particular about
the training of dogs. He had horses and dogs of his own (he even had a
monkey) and he insisted that his grooms keep all his animals, of whom
he was very fond, slick and clean.
No poodle of his would have remained unshaven, with tail uncut, when
all proper poodles are shaven and have their tails trimmed off.
He said so much about it that at last it was decided that the dog
should be sent to the veterinary surgeon, who in a minute had cut off
Clown's tail and shaved him like a lion, leaving just a rim of hair
around his hind-quarters as an ornament, and a bushy tuft at the end
of his trimmed-off tail.
Poor little Clown was terribly upset.
He was brought home looking like a martyr and horribly ashamed; for
more than a week he was feverish and had fits of trembling. Bertha
cried and cried. I need not tell you what care she took of him. You can
guess that for yourself.
[Illustration: Clown was terribly upset]
Cured at last, he soon forgot about having his hair cut, and became a
proud, fine-looking dog. Only he could not bear the sound of shears,
and when he heard the dog-clippers go past he would fall into a rage,
wanting to run out and bite them, barking furiously in chorus with the
other dogs who felt as he did about it.
Bertha ceased to be angry with her uncle. When as she led Clown on the
leash she noticed people turn round and go into raptures over the
looks of her dog, it made her feel very proud.
[Illustration: Dog training]
The dog grew so fast you could almost see him getting bigger. His
training was undertaken carefully, Uncle Jean looking after it himself.
Clown learned quickly and easily; he was naturally intelligent and had
a truly wonderful memory.
Uncle Jean found that Clown learned tricks easily--he seemed to like to
show off--but in other ways he was not so easily managed. He was rather
fond of having his own way, and his young mistress got more than one
scolding for spoiling him. He insisted on being fed from her own hand,
and he would sleep nowhere but in Bertha's room.
[Illustration: Clown learned tricks easily]
Men are conceited things and think themselves much wiser than the
animals, but I don't believe they know so very much more after all.
It's a question whether the animal's instinct isn't of as much use
to him as intelligence is to man. Anyhow, animals can understand
one another, even animals of different kinds. I rather think they
understand one _=another=_ better than we understand them.
However that may be, Clown was a wonder. You had only to say what you
wanted him to do and he would do it like an old hand. He would jump
through a hoop, give his right or left hand as he was asked, leap
backward or forward, walk on his hands or feet--all this was child's
play to him.
[Illustration: Clown's tricks]
He dearly loved games--such as he could play, of course. He would
toss a ball, hunt the thimble, and without ever making a mistake
bring back the handkerchief to its owner, grinning with delight. With
a policeman's helmet on his head, and a piece of sugar on his nose,
looking like a soldier on parade, he would carry arms for hours at a
time. What surprising things he could do! You would scarcely believe
it, but he had learned to recognize certain letters of the alphabet and
to put together the word, B-E-R-T-H-A.
He never made a mistake in spelling the name of his little mistress,
although that was, however, the first and last word that they succeeded
in teaching him.
Alas, with all his good qualities Clown had his failings. Nobody, sad
to say, is faultless. He was given to stealing. A sugar bowl left
within his reach had a very bad time of it; he ate all the sugar, to
the very last piece, and it was a lucky thing if he didn't break the
bowl as well. Clown was greedy, there was no denying.
[Illustration: Clown eats sugar from the sugar bowl]
After a while, sadly spoiled, unfortunately, he began to put on airs
of independence. His leash made him impatient, and when he met a dog
friend running free about the streets he would behave badly, forcing
Bertha to drag him along like a toy without wheels, or he would wallow
in the dust, both of which made his mistress very angry.
One day, when he had gone marketing with Marie, he managed to slip his
head out of his collar and set off with a rush to join a group of very
ill-kept tramp dogs.
Poor Marie called and called, but in vain. Then she ran after him.
Not only could she not overtake him but, worse still, at a turning in
the road she lost sight of him altogether. In vain she searched the
neighborhood, questioning everyone she met, but no one had seen poor
Clown.
[Illustration: Marie and Clown]
[Illustration: Clown running away from Marie]
The excited woman began to cry, not daring to return home without the
dog. Anxiously she walked up and down in front of the house. After
about half an hour she heard a noise and soon saw a band of children
appear, yelling and running after a poor wretched, muddy little dog, to
whose tail was tied an old tin can which knocked against the pavement
with every jump he took.
Marie could not believe her eyes.
[Illustration: Clown in Marie's arms]
You would _=never=_ have known it was poor Clown, so terrified, his
eyes almost bursting from his head, his tongue hanging. As soon as he
caught sight of Marie, he hurled himself into her arms, covering her
with both kisses and mud.
Marie was so sorry for him that she hadn't the heart to scold the poor
animal. She took him in her apron and after untying the horrible tin
can he had been dragging after him, she carried him up to her room and
there bathed him from head to foot. He needed it, I can tell you.
[Illustration]
"If this will only be a lesson to him," she said to herself; but she
did not dare to tell anybody about his running away.
[Illustration: Clown playing with ball]
After this adventure Clown behaved very much better and was quiet and
obedient for several weeks. When his mistress took him out he followed
her quietly on the leash, without making any objection. Thus his life
flowed on, calm and happy. He had everything a dog could wish, except,
perhaps, a little more freedom. In the house, in the garden, in the
country, he could run about as he pleased, but in the streets Bertha
always kept him on the leash. The leash was held by a hand very gentle,
very easy and discreet, but in spite of that
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Shireen and her Friends
Pages from the Life of a Persian Cat
By Gordon Stables
Illustrations by Harrison Weir
Published by Jarrold and Sons, 10 and 11 Warwick Lane, London EC.
Shireen and her Friends, by Gordon Stables.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
SHIREEN AND HER FRIENDS, BY GORDON STABLES.
PREFACE.
DEDICATED TO THE REVIEWER.
Yes, this little preface is written for the Reviewer and nobody else.
Indeed, the public seldom bother to read prefaces, and small blame to
them. Reading the preface to a book is just like being button-holed by
some loquacious fellow, as you are entering the theatre, who wants to
tell you all about the play you are just going to see. So sure am I of
this, that I had at first thought of writing my preface in ancient
Greek. Of course every reviewer is as well-versed in that beautiful
language as Professor Geddes, or John Stuart Blackie himself. I was
only restrained by remembering that my own Greek might have got just a
trifle mouldy.
Well, all I want to say in this page is, that there is a deal more truth
in the pages that follow than might at first be imagined.
Both Shireen and Tom Brandy were real characters, and the incidents and
adventures of their life on board ship were very much as I have told
them. The starling, and Cockie, the cockatoo, were also pets of my own;
and Chammy, the chameleon, is described from the life. She died this
year (1894).
The story Stamboul tells about his life as a show cat is a sad one, and
alas! it tells but half the truth. Cat shows have done good to the
breed of cats in this country, but it has raised up a swarm of dealers,
that treat poor pussy in a shameful way, and look upon her as simply so
much merchandise.
In conclusion, I am not going to deny, that while trying to write a
pleasant book as a companion to my last year's "Sable and White," I have
endeavoured now and then to get a little hint slipped in edgeways,
which, if taken by the intelligent reader, may aid in gaining a more
comfortable position in our homesteads for our mutual friend the cat.
If I be successful in this, I shall consider myself quite as good as
that other fellow, you know, who caused two blades of grass to grow
where only one grew before.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gordon Stables.
_The Jungle, Twyford, Berks_.
PREFACE.
DEDICATED TO THE REVIEWER.
Yes, this little preface is written for the Reviewer and nobody else.
Indeed, the public seldom bother to read prefaces, and small blame to
them. Reading the preface to a book is just like being button-holed by
some loquacious fellow, as you are entering the theatre, who wants to
tell you all about the play you are just going to see. So sure am I of
this, that I had at first thought of writing my preface in ancient
Greek. Of course every reviewer is as well-versed in that beautiful
language as Professor Geddes, or John Stuart Blackie himself. I was
only restrained by remembering that my own Greek might have got just a
trifle mouldy.
Well, all I want to say in this page is, that there is a deal more truth
in the pages that follow than might at first be imagined.
Both Shireen and Tom Brandy were real characters, and the incidents and
adventures of their life on board ship were very much as I have told
them. The starling, and Cockie, the cockatoo, were also pets of my own;
and Chammy, the chameleon, is described from the life. She died this
year (1894).
The story Stamboul tells about his life as a show cat is a sad one, and
alas! it tells but half the truth. Cat shows have done good to the
breed of cats in this country, but it has raised up a swarm of dealers,
that treat poor pussy in a shameful way, and look upon her as simply so
much merchandise.
In conclusion, I am not going to deny, that while trying to write a
pleasant book as a companion to my last year's "Sable and White," I have
endeavoured now and then to get a little hint slipped in edgeways,
which, if taken by the intelligent reader, may aid in gaining a more
comfortable position in our homesteads for our mutual friend the cat.
If I be successful
| 515.534765 | 2,435 |
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Produced by Rick Niles, Wilelmina Malliere and PG Distributed
Proofreaders
LIFE, LETTERS
AND
EPICUREAN PHILOSOPHY
OF
NINON
DE L'ENCLOS
The Celebrated Beauty of the Seventeenth Century
ROBINSON--OVERTON
1903
CONTENTS
LIFE OF NINON DE L'ENCLOS
CHAPTER I
Ninon de l'Enclos as a Standard
CHAPTER II
Considered as a Parallel
CHAPTER III
Youth of Ninon de l'Enclos
CHAPTER IV
The Morals of the Period
CHAPTER V
Ninon and Count de Coligny
CHAPTER VI
The "Birds" of the Tournelles
CHAPTER VII
Effect of Her Mother's Death
CHAPTER VIII
Her Increasing Popularity
CHAPTER IX
Ninon's Friendships
CHAPTER X
Some of Ninon's Lovers
CHAPTER XI
Ninon's Lovers (Continued)
CHAPTER XII
The Villarceaux Affair
CHAPTER XIII
The Marquis de Sevigne
CHAPTER XIV
A Family Tragedy
CHAPTER XV
Ninon's Bohemian Environments
CHAPTER XVI
A Remarkable Old Age
LETTERS TO THE MARQUIS DE SEVIGNE
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERS
I--A Hazardous Undertaking
II--Why Love Is Dangerous
III--Why Love Grows Cold
IV--The Spice of Love
V--Love and Temper
VI--Certain Maxims Concerning Love
VII--Women Expect a Quid Pro Quo from Men
VIII--The Necessity for Love and Its Primitive Cause
IX--Love Is a Natural Inclination
X--The Sensation of Love Forms a Large Part of a Woman's Nature
XI--The Distinction Between Love and Friendship
XII--A Man in Love Is an Amusing Spectacle
XIII--Vanity Is a Fertile Soil for Love
XIV--Worth and Merit Are Not Considered in Love
XV--The Hidden Motives of Love
XVI--How to Be Victorious in Love
XVII--Women Understand the Difference Between Real Love and Flirtation
XVIII--When a Woman Is Loved She Need Not Be Told of It
XIX--Why a Lover's Vows Are Untrustworthy
XX--The Half-way House to Love
XXI--The Comedy of Contrariness
XXII--Vanity and Self-Esteem Obstacles to Love
XXIII--Two Irreconcilable Passions in Woman
XXIV--An Abuse of Credulity Is Intolerable
XXV--Why Virtue Is So Often Overcome
XXVI--Love Demands Freedom of Action
XXVII--The Heart Needs Constant Employment
XXVIII--Mere Beauty Is Often of Trifling Importance
XXIX--The Misfortune of Too Sudden an Avowal
XXX--When Resistance is Only a Pretence
XXXI--The Opinion and Advice of Monsieur de la Sabliere
XXXII--The Advantages of a Knowledge of the Heart
XXXIII--A Heart Once Wounded No Longer Plays with Love
XXXIV--Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fonder
XXXV--The Heart Should Be Played Upon Like the Keys of a Piano
XXXVI--Mistaken Impressions Common to All Women
XXXVII--The Allurements of Stage Women
XXXVIII--Varieties of Resistance Are Essential
XXXIX--The True Value of Compliments Among Women
XL--Oratory and Fine Phrases Do Not Breed Love
XLI--Discretion Is Sometimes the Better Part of Valor
XLII--Surface Indications in Women Are Not Always Guides
XLIII--Women Demand Respect
XLIV--Why Love Grows Weak--Marshal de Saint-Evremond's Opinion
XLV--What Favors Men Consider Faults
XLVI--Why Inconstancy Is Not Injustice
XLVII--Cause of Quarrels Among Rivals
XLVIII--Friendship Must Be Firm
XLIX--Constancy Is a Virtue Among Narrow Minded
L--Some Women Are Very Cunning
LI--The Parts Men and Women Play
LII--Love Is a Traitor with Sharp Claws
LIII--Old Age Not a Preventive Against Attack
LIV--A Shrewd But Not an Unusual Scheme
LV--A Happy Ending
* * * * *
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN LORD SAINT-EVREMOND AND NINON DE L'ENCLOS
I--Lovers and Gamblers Have Something in Common
II--It Is Sweet to Remember Those We Have Loved
III--Wrinkles Are a Mark of Wisdom
IV--Near Hopes Are Worth as Much as Those Far Off
V--On the Death of De Charleval
VI--The Weariness of Monotony
VII--After the Death of La Duchesse de Mazarin
VIII--Love Banishes Old Age
IX--Stomachs Demand More Attention Than Minds
X--Why Does Love Diminish After Marriage?
XI--Few People Resist Age
XII--Age Has Some Consolations
XIII--Some Good Taste Still Exists in France
XIV--Superiority of the Pleasures of the Stomach
XV--Let the Heart Speak Its Own Language
XVI--The Memory of Youth
XVII--I Should Have Hanged Myself
XVIII--Life Is Joyous When It Is Without Sorrow
Letter to the Modern Leontium
NINON DE L'ENCLOS
LIFE AND LETTERS
INTRODUCTION
The inner life of the most remarkable woman that ever lived is here
presented to American readers for the first time. Ninon, or
Mademoiselle de l'Enclos, as she was known, was the most beautiful
woman of the seventeenth century. For seventy years she held
undisputed sway over the hearts of the most distinguished men of
France; queens, princes, noblemen, renowned warriors, statesmen,
writers, and scientists bowing before her shrine and doing her homage,
even Louis XIV, when she was eighty-five years of age, declaring that
she was the marvel of his reign.
How she preserved her extraordinary beauty to so great an age, and
attracted to her side the greatest and most brilliant men of the
century, is told in her biography, which has been entirely re-written,
and new facts and incidents added that do not appear in the French
compilations.
Her celebrated "Letters to the Marquis de Sevigne," newly translated,
and appearing for the first time in the United States, constitute the
most remarkable pathology of the female heart, its motives, objects,
and secret aspirations, ever penned. With unsparing hand she unmasks
the human heart and unveils the most carefully hidden mysteries of
femininity, and every one who reads these letters will see herself
depicted as in a mirror.
At an early age she perceived the inequalities between the sexes, and
refused to submit to the injustice of an unfair distribution of human
qualities. After due deliberation, she suddenly announced to her
friends: "I notice that the most frivolous things are charged up to
the account of women, and that men have reserved to themselves the
right to all the essential qualities; from this moment I will be a
man." From that time--she was twenty years of age--until her death,
seventy years later, she maintained the character assumed by her,
exercised all the rights and privileges claimed by the male sex, and
created for herself, as the distinguished Abbe de Chateauneauf says,
"a place in the ranks of illustrious men, while preserving all the
grace of her own sex."
LIFE OF NINON DE L'ENCLOS
CHAPTER I
Ninon de l'Enclos as a Standard
To write the biography of so remarkable a woman as Ninon de l'Enclos
is to incur the animadversions of those who stand upon the dogma, that
whoso violates one of the Ten Commandments is guilty of violating them
all, particularly when one of the ten is conventionally selected as
the essential precept and the most important to be observed. It is
purely a matter of predilection or fancy, perhaps training and
environment may have something to do with it, though judgment is
wanting, but many will have it so, and hence, they arrive at the
opinion that the end of the controversy has been reached.
Fortunately for the common sense of mankind, there are others who
repudiate this rigid rule and excuse for human conduct; who refuse to
accept as a pattern of morality, the Sabbath breaker, tyrant,
oppressor of the poor, the grasping money maker, or charity monger,
even though his personal chastity may entitle him to canonization.
These insist that although Ninon de l'Enclos may have persistently
transgressed one of the precepts of the Decalogue, she is entitled to
great consideration because of her faithful observance of the others,
not only in their letter but in their spirit, and that her life
contains much that is serviceable to humanity, in many more ways than
if she had studiously preserved her personal purity to the sacrifice
of other qualities, which are of as equal importance as virtues, and
as essential to be observed.
Another difficulty in the way of establishing her as a model of any
kind, on account of her deliberate violations of the sixth precept of
the Decalogue, is the fact that she was not of noble birth, held no
official position in the government of France, either during the
regency or under the reign of Louis XIII, but was a private person,
retiring in her habits, faithful in her liaisons and friendships,
delicate and refined in her manners and conversations, and eagerly
sought for her wisdom, philosophy, and intellectual ability.
Had she been a Semiramis, a Messalina, an Agrippina, a Catherine II,
or even a Lady Hamilton, the glamor of her exalted political
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Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
[Illustration: CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL
OF
POPULAR
LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART.
Fourth Series
CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS.
NO. 734. SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1878. PRICE 1½_d._]
THE STORY OF THIERS.
In a densely populated street of the quaint sea-port of Marseilles
there dwelt a poor locksmith and his family, who were so hard pressed
by the dearness of provisions and the general hardness of the times,
that the rent and taxes for the wretched tenement which they called
a home had been allowed to fall many weeks into arrear. But the good
people struggled on against their poverty; and the locksmith (who
was the son of a ruined cloth-merchant), though fallen to the humble
position of a dock-porter, still managed to wade through life as if
he had been born to opulence. This poor labourer’s name was Thiers,
and his wife was a descendant of the poet Chenier; the two being
destined to become the parents of Louis Adolphe Thiers, one of the most
remarkable men that ever lived.
The hero of our story was at his birth mentally consigned to oblivion
by his parents, while the neighbours laughed at the ungainly child,
and prognosticated for him all kinds of evil in the future. And it is
more than probable that these evil auguries would have been fulfilled
had it not been for the extraordinary care bestowed upon him by his
grandmother. But for her, perhaps our story had never been written.
Under her fostering care the child survived all those diseases which
were, according to the gossips, to prove fatal to him; but while his
limbs remained almost stationary, his head and chest grew larger, until
he became a veritable dwarf. By his mother’s influence with the family
of André Chenier, the lad was enabled to enter the Marseilles Lyceum
at the age of nine; and here the remarkable head and chest kept the
promise they made in his infancy, and soon fulfilled Madame Thiers’
predictions.
Louis Adolphe Thiers was a brilliant though somewhat erratic pupil. He
was noted for his practical jokes, his restlessness, and the ready and
ingenious manner in which he always extricated himself from any scrapes
into which his bold and restless disposition had led him. Thus the
child in this case would appear to have been ‘father to the man,’ by
the manner in which he afterwards released his beloved country from one
of the greatest ‘scrapes’ she ever experienced.
On leaving school Thiers studied for the law, and was eventually called
to the bar, though he never practised as a lawyer. He became instead
a local politician; and so well did the rôle suit him, that he soon
evinced a strong desire to try his fortune in Paris itself. He swayed
his auditory, when speaking, in spite of his diminutive stature,
Punch-like physiognomy, and shrill piping speech; and shout and yell
as his adversaries might, they could not drown his voice, for it arose
clear and distinct above all the hubbub around him. While the studious
youth was thus making himself a name in his native town, he was ever on
the watch for an opportunity to transfer his fortunes to the capital.
His almost penniless condition, however, precluded him from carrying
out his design without extraneous assistance of some kind or other;
but when such a stupendous ambition as that of governing one of the
greatest nations of the earth filled the breast of the Marseilles
student, it was not likely that the opportunity he was seeking would be
long in coming.
The Academy of Aix offered a prize of a few hundred francs for a
eulogium on _Vauvenargues_, and here was the opportunity which Louis
Adolphe Thiers required. He determined to compete for the prize,
and wrote out two copies of his essay, one of which he sent to the
Academy’s Secretary, and the other he submitted to the judgment of
his friends. This latter indiscretion, however, would appear to have
been the cause of his name being mentioned to the Academicians as a
competitor; and as they had a spite against him, and disapproved of his
opinions, they decided to reject any essay which he might submit to
them.
On the day of the competition they were as good as their word, and
Thiers received back his essay with only an ‘honourable mention’
attached to it. The votes, however, had been equally divided, and the
principal prize could not be adjudged until the next session. The
future statesman and brilliant journalist was not, however, to be cast
aside in this contemptuous manner, and he accordingly adopted a _ruse
de guerre_, which was perfectly justifiable under the circumstances. He
sent back his first essay for the second competition with his own name
attached thereto, and at the same time transmitted another essay, by
means of a friend, through the Paris post-office. This paper was signed
‘Louis Duval;’ and as M. Thiers knew that they had resolved to reject
his essay and accept the next best on the list, he made it as near as
possible equal to the other in point of merit.
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Produced by David Kline, Henry Gardiner and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
* * * * *
Transcriber's Note: The original publication has been replicated
faithfully except as listed near the end of this ebook. Italic characters
are indicated _like this_. Superscripts are indicated like this: y^e.
* * * * *
HARPER'S
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
NO. XV.--AUGUST, 1851.--VOL. III.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. 289
THE SOMNAMBULE. 304
THE HOUSEHOLD OF SIR THO^S. MORE. 310
REMINISCENCES OF AN ATTORNEY. 314
VILLAGE LIFE IN GERMANY. 320
A PEEP AT THE "PERAHARRA." 322
A TOBACCO FACTORY IN SPAIN. 326
INFIRMITIES OF GENIUS. 327
RACE HORSES AND HORSE RACES. 329
HARTLEY COLERIDGE. 334
THE ORIENTAL SALOONS IN MADRID. 335
PHANTOMS AND REALITIES.--AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 337
THE FEET-WASHING ON GOOD FRIDAY IN MUNICH. 349
A PEDESTRIAN IN HOLLAND. 351
THE LAST PRIESTESS OF PELE. 354
A SPANISH BULL FIGHT. 359
MAURICE TIERNAY, THE SOLDIER OF FORTUNE. 360
FRENCH COTTAGE COOKERY. 369
STUDENT LIFE IN PARIS. 373
A FAQUIR'S CURSE. 375
LOVE AND SMUGGLING.--A STORY OF THE ENGLISH COAST. 378
AMERICAN NOTABILITIES. 384
THE HUNTER'S WIFE. 388
THE WARNINGS OF THE PAST. 391
THE PIE SHOPS OF LONDON. 392
MY NOVEL; OR, VARIETIES IN ENGLISH LIFE. 394
Monthly Record of Current Events. 411
Literary Notices. 419
Editor's Drawer. 420
WOMAN'S EMANCIPATION. 424
Three Leaves from Punch. 425
FASHIONS FOR AUGUST. 431
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.
BY JOHN S. C. ABBOTT
I. CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH.
The island of Corsica, sublimely picturesque with its wild ravines and
rugged mountains, emerges from the bosom of the Mediterranean Sea, about
one hundred miles from the coast of France. It was formerly a province
of Italy, and was Italian in its language, sympathies, and customs. In
the year 1767 it was invaded by a French army, and after several most
sanguinary conflicts, the inhabitants were compelled to yield to
superior power, and Corsica was annexed to the empire of the Bourbons.
At the time of this invasion there was a young lawyer, of Italian
extraction, residing upon the island, whose name was Charles Bonaparte.
He was endowed with commanding beauty of person, great vigor of mind,
and his remote lineage was illustrious, but the opulence of the noble
house had passed away, and the descendant of a family, whose line could
be traced far back into the twilight of the dark ages, was under the
fortunate necessity of being dependent for his support upon the energies
of his own mind. He had married Letitia Raniolini, one of the most
beautiful and accomplished of the young ladies of Corsica. Of thirteen
children born to them eight survived to attain maturity. As a successful
lawyer the father of this large family was able to provide them with an
ample competence. His illustrious descent gave him an elevated position
in society, and the energies of his mind, ever in vigorous action,
invested him with powerful influence.
The family occupied a town house, an ample stone mansion, in Ajaccio,
the principal city of the island. They also enjoyed a very delightful
country retreat near the sea-shore, a few miles from Ajaccio. This rural
home was the favorite resort of the children during the heats of summer.
When the French invaded Corsica, Charles Bonaparte, then quite a young
man, having been married but a few years, abandoned the peaceful
profession of the law, and grasping his sword, united with his
countrymen, under the banner of General Paoli, to resist the invaders.
His wife, Letitia, had then but one child, Joseph. She was expecting
soon to give birth to another. Civil war was desolating the little
island. Paoli and his band of patriots, defeated again and again, were
retreating before their victorious foes into the fastnesses of the
mountains. Letitia followed the fortunes of her husband, and,
notwithstanding the embarrassment of her condition, accompanied him on
horseback in these perilous and fatiguing expeditions. The conflict,
however, was short, and, by the energies of the sword, Corsica became a
province of France, and the Italians who inhabited the island became the
unwilling subjects of the Bourbon throne. On the 15th of August, 1769,
in anticipation of her confinement, Letitia had taken refuge in her town
house at Ajaccio. On the morning of that day she attended church, but,
during the service, admonished by approaching pains, she was obliged
suddenly to return home, and throwing herself upon a couch, covered with
an ancient piece of tapestry, upon which was embroidered the battles and
the heroes of the Illiad, she gave birth to her second son, Napoleon
Bonaparte. Had the young Napoleon seen the light two months earlier he
would have been by birth an Italian, not a Frenchman, for but eight
weeks had then elapsed since the island had been transferred to the
dominion of France.
The father of Napoleon died not many years after the birth of that child
whose subsequent renown has filled the world. He is said to have
appreciated the remarkable powers of his son, and, in the delirium which
preceded his death, he was calling upon Napoleon to help him. Madame
Bonaparte, by this event, was left a widow with eight children, Joseph,
Napoleon, Lucien, Jerome, Eliza, Pauline, and Caroline. Her means were
limited, but her mental endowments were commensurate with the weighty
responsibilities which devolved upon her. Her children all appreciated
the superiority of her character, and yielded, with perfect and
unquestioning submission, to her authority. Napoleon in particular ever
regarded his mother with the most profound respect and affection. He
repeatedly declared that the family were entirely indebted to her for
that physical, intellectual, and moral training, which prepared them to
ascend the lofty summits of power to which they finally attained. He was
so deeply impressed with the sense of these obligations that he often
said, "My opinion is that the future good or bad conduct of a child,
depends entirely upon its mother." One of his first acts, on attaining
power, was to surround his mother with every luxury which wealth could
furnish. And when placed at the head of the government of France, he
immediately and energetically established schools for female education,
remarking that France needed nothing so much to promote its regeneration
as good mothers.
Madame Bonaparte after the death of her husband, resided with her
children in their country house. It was a retired residence, approached
by an avenue overarched by lofty trees and bordered by flowering shrubs.
A smooth, sunny lawn, which extended in front of the house, lured these
children, so unconscious of the high destinies which awaited them, to
their infantile sports. They chased the butterfly; they played in the
little pools of water with their naked feet; in childish gambols they
rode upon the back of the faithful dog, as happy as if their brows were
never to ache beneath the burden of a crown. How mysterious the designs
of that inscrutable Providence, which, in the island of Corsica, under
the sunny skies of the Mediterranean, was thus rearing a Napoleon, and
far away, beneath the burning sun of the tropics, under the shade of the
cocoa groves and orange-trees of the West Indies, was moulding the
person and ennobling the affections of the beautiful and lovely
Josephine. It was by a guidance, which neither of these children sought,
that they were conducted from their widely separated and obscure homes
to the metropolis of France. There, by their united energies, which had
been fostered in solitary studies and deepest musings they won for
themselves the proudest throne upon which the sun has ever risen; a
throne which in power and splendor eclipsed all that had been told of
Roman, or Persian, or Egyptian greatness.
[Illustration: THE BIRTH-HOUSE OF NAPOLEON.]
The dilapidated villa in Corsica, where Napoleon passed his infantile
years, still exists, and the thoughtful tourist loses himself in pensive
reverie as he wanders over the lawn where those children have played--as
he passes through the vegetable garden in the rear of the house, which
enticed them to toil with their tiny hoes and spades, and as he
struggles through the wilderness of shrubbery, now running to wild
waste, in the midst of which once could have been heard the merry shouts
of these infantile kings and queens. Their voices are now hushed in
death. But the records of earth can not show a more eventful drama than
that enacted by these young Bonapartes between the cradle and the grave.
There is, in a sequestered and romantic spot upon the ground, an
isolated granite rock, of wild and rugged form, in the fissures of which
there is something resembling a cave, which still retains the name of
"Napoleon's Grotto." This solitary rock was the favorite resort of the
pensive and meditative child, even in his earliest years. When his
brothers and sisters were in most happy companionship in the garden, or
on the lawn, and the air resounded with their mirthful voices, Napoleon
would steal away alone to his loved retreat. There, in the long and
sunny afternoons, with a book in his hand, he would repose, in a
recumbent posture, for hours, gazing upon the broad expanse of the
Mediterranean, spread out before him, and upon the blue sky, which
overarched his head. Who can imagine the visions which in those hours
arose before the expanding energies of that wonderful mind?
Napoleon could not be called an amiable child. He was silent and
retiring in his disposition, melancholy and irritable in his
temperament, and impatient of restraint. He was not fond of
companionship nor of play. He had no natural joyousness or buoyancy of
spirit, no frankness of disposition. His brothers and sisters were not
fond of him, though they admitted his superiority. "Joseph," said an
uncle at that time, "is the eldest of the family, but Napoleon is its
head." His passionate energy and decision of character were such that
his brother Joseph, who was a mild, amiable, and unassuming boy, was
quite in subjection to his will. It was observed that his proud spirit
was unrelenting under any severity of punishment. With stoical firmness,
and without the shedding of a tear, he would endure any inflictions. At
one time he was unjustly accused of a fault which another had committed.
He silently endured the punishment and submitted to the disgrace, and to
the subsistence for three days on the coarsest fare, rather than betray
his companion; and he did this, not from any special friendship for the
one in the wrong, but from an innate pride and firmness of spirit.
Impulsive in his disposition, his anger was easily and violently
aroused, and as rapidly passed away. There were no tendencies to cruelty
in his nature, and no malignant passion could long hold him in
subjection.
There is still preserved upon the island of Corsica, as an interesting
relic, a small brass cannon, weighing about thirty pounds, which was the
early and favorite plaything of Napoleon. Its loud report was music to
his childish ears. In imaginary battle he saw whole squadrons mown down
by the discharges of his formidable piece of artillery. Napoleon was the
favorite child of his father, and had often sat upon his knee; and, with
a throbbing heart, a heaving bosom, and a tearful eye, listened to his
recital of those bloody battles in which the patriots of Corsica had
been compelled to yield to the victorious French. Napoleon hated the
French. He fought those battles over again
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THE ABORIGINAL POPULATION
OF THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY,
CALIFORNIA
BY
S. F. COOK
ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS
Vol. 16, No. 2
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS
Editors (Berkeley): R. L. Olson, R. F. Heizer, T. D. McCown, J. H. Rowe
Volume 16, No. 2, pp. 31-80
6 maps
Submitted by editors October 8, 1954
Issued July 11, 1955
Price, 75 cents
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles
California
Cambridge University Press
London, England
Manufactured in the United States of America
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 31
The population of the San Joaquin Valley in approximately 1850 33
Contemporary estimates and counts for the entire region 33
Analysis based upon restricted areas 34
Stanislaus and Tuolumne rivers 34
Merced River, Mariposa Creek, and Chowchilla River 35
The Cosumnes, Mokelumne, and Calaveras rivers 36
The Fresno and the upper San Joaquin rivers 36
The Kings and Kaweah rivers 38
The Tulare Lake basin 40
The Tule River, the Kern River, and the Buenavista Basin 40
The aboriginal population 42
The Tulare Lake basin 42
The Kaweah River 45
The Merced River 48
The Kings River 49
The Upper San Joaquin, Fresno
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[Transcriber's Note: Bold text is surrounded by =equal signs= and
italic text is surrounded by _underscores_. Footnotes are located at
the end of the text.]
THE BOYS’ BOOK OF SUBMARINES
[Illustration: _Courtesy of Leslie’s Weekly_
A MODERN AMERICAN SUBMARINE CRUISING IN THE AFLOAT CONDITION WITH
FOREWARD DIVING RUDDERS FOLDED BACK AGAINST THE HULL]
THE BOYS’ BOOK OF SUBMARINES
BY
A. FREDERICK COLLINS
AUTHOR OF “INVENTING FOR BOYS,” “MANUAL OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY,”
“KEEPING UP WITH YOUR MOTOR CAR,” “HOW TO FLY,” ETC.
AND
VIRGIL D. COLLINS
AUTHOR OF “A WORKING ALGEBRA,” AND
CO-AUTHOR OF “SHOOTING FOR BOYS”
_WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND
DIAGRAMS_
[Illustration: Emblem: FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY NEW YORK ESTABLISHED
EIGHTEEN EIGHTY-ONE]
NEW YORK
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
_Copyright, 1917, by_
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
—————
_All rights reserved_
TO
LESTER BURNHAM COLLINS
UNITED STATES NAVY
A WORD TO YOU
Submarine! It’s a word that’s in everybody’s mind—on every one’s tongue.
The very sound of it conjures up thoughts of great ships that were and
will be torpedoed and sent to the bottom of the old ocean to rust and
to rot there.
Of all the mighty monsters that ever sailed the seven seas this
piratical craft is by long odds the most daring as well as the most
dangerous to both life and property.
And yet while of course you know that a submarine can travel on or
under the water, dive like a porpoise and destroy an enemy ship by
shooting a torpedo at her, do you know exactly how an undersea boat
works and fights and just how she does all the seemingly impossible
feats for which she is notorious?
At the present time the greatest war in the world’s history is being
fought, and you are more than a mere looker-on for your country is in
it and you may be one of the boys who will be called to the colors to
defend her on, or against, these undersea craft.
If for no other reason than this you ought to follow not only the
battles as they are being fought on the east and west fronts of Europe,
but the warfare that is being waged by the submarines on the high
seas, for on these boats hinges to a very large extent the outcome of
the war.
Ever since the year of 1900 when five of the first really successful
submarines were built in the United States and sent to England the
value of this kind of war-craft has gone forward by leaps and bounds as
the devices for operating them were more and more improved.
Further too the submarine has played a far larger part in the war that
is now going on than the wildest fancies of her inventors of twenty
years ago could have pictured, much less believed, and what is of even
greater import she bids fair to become the champion fighter of the sea
in the future.
Indeed so wonderful is the submarine and so great are her possibilities
that you should by all means know exactly how she is made and works, as
well as her torpedoes. The easiest and certainly the most interesting
way to find out these things is to read this book and then build a
model submarine and torpedo according to the simple directions we have
given.
To open the covers of this book and to read it is the next thing
to going through the hatch in the bridge of the conning tower and
examining the mechanism at first hand. So do it now.
A. FREDERICK COLLINS,
VIRGIL D. COLLINS,
550 Riverside Drive,
New York City.
CONTENTS
PAGE
“A WORD TO YOU” vii
CHAPTER
I. THE FIRST OF THE SUBMARINES 1
How the Submarine Came to Be.—The Development
of the Submarine.—The First Submarine Boat.—A
Submarine of the Revolution.—The First Torpedo Fired
by a Submarine.—Robert Fulton’s Submarine.—The
Earliest Steam Propelled Submarine.—The Coming of
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[Illustration: C. G. Helleberg]
A BOOK
WRITTEN BY THE
SPIRITS OF THE SO-CALLED DEAD,
WITH THEIR OWN MATERIALIZED HANDS, BY THE
PROCESS OF INDEPENDENT SLATE-WRITING,
THROUGH
MRS. LIZZIE S. GREEN AND OTHERS,
AS MEDIUMS.
COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY
C. G. HELLEBERG,
OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Life is real! life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal.
Dust thou art, to dust returnest,
Was not written of the soul.
--LONGFELLOW.
CINCINNATI:
1883.
COPYRIGHTED, 1882,
BY C. G. HELLEBERG.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER I.
Introduction and Biographical Sketches of C. G. Helleberg,
Madam Fredrika Ehrenborg, and Mrs. Lizzie T. Green 1
CHAPTER II.
First Investigations with Mrs. Laura Mosser and Mrs. Cooper 6
CHAPTER III.
Remarkable Materialization Seance--Letters from Mrs. Ehrenborg
describing Inhabitants of other Planets 14
CHAPTER IV.
Madam Ehrenborg and others Materialize 23
CHAPTER V.
Investigations by Mrs. Jennie McKee--First Letter from Emanuel
Swedenborg and Communications from Polheim and others--Received
five beautiful Flowers from Madam Ehrenborg 26
CHAPTER VI.
Mrs. McKee passes away and her Spirit arranges her own Funeral 33
CHAPTER VII.
Investigations with Mrs. Green--Remarkable dark Trumpet Seance,
at which I received a most beautiful Flower from my Son Emil
and Miss Mary Muth 36
CHAPTER VIII.
Sure Identity of my Father-in-Law--Madam Ehrenborg writes to me
in Swedish 40
CHAPTER IX.
Information of a Spiritual Marriage--The Wedding and the Wedding
Tour to the Planet Mars 45
CHAPTER X.
Description of the Journey to Mars, and wonderful Information
furnished by Madam Ehrenborg 54
CHAPTER XI.
Communications from Emanuel Swedenborg 108
CHAPTER XII.
Communications from George Washington 141
CHAPTER XIII.
Communications from my Son Emil about Ex-President Garfield--
Greetings from Madam Ehrenborg--Letter from Rev. Goddard and
Swedenborg's Answer 157
CHAPTER XIV.
Communications from President Garfield, Madam Ehrenborg,
Governor J. D. Williams, President Abraham Lincoln, Judge
Edmonds 163
CHAPTER XV.
New Years' Greetings from many of my dear Spirit Friends and
near Relations 170
CHAPTER XVI.
A Prayer from Madam Ehrenborg 173
CHAPTER XVII.
Greeting from Horace Greeley, J. G. Bennett, and Henry J.
Raymond to F. B. Plimpton, Associate Editor of the Cincinnati
Daily Commercial 176
CHAPTER XVIII.
Communications from Horace Greeley, Governor O. P. Morton,
A. P. Willard 180
CHAPTER XIX.
Communications from the Drunkard, a Miser, William Gailard,
William Lloyd Garrison, Wilberforce, Tecumseh, a Suicide 187
CHAPTER XX.
Communications from Thomas Paine, Margaret Fuller, and Thanks
of Spirits 199
CHAPTER XXI--APPENDIX.
Mrs. Green's Medial History 204
CHAPTER XXII.
A Visit to Split Rock, Kentucky--Christmas Greetings from
Ida to her Parents--Annie Winterburn to her Brother, John
Winterburn, and his Testimony, and her Farewell to the Medium,
Mrs. Green 222
CHAPTER XXIII.
A Spirit peels a Banana, eats some of it, and divides the rest
in four equal parts--Reports of Cincinnati Enquirer about
Spirit Seances at Mrs. Green's 231
CHAPTER XXIV.
Extracts from each of two Funeral Discourses by Bishop Simpson
and Rev. W. H. Thomas, D. D., with Conclusions of C. G.
Helleberg 239
ERRATA.
Page 3,
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THE NEW DETECTIVE STORY.
THE DIAMOND COTERIE
BY LAWRENCE L. LYNCH
AUTHOR OF "SHADOWED BY THREE" "MADELINE PAYNE," ETC.
CHICAGO:
HENRY A. SUMNER AND COMPANY.
1884.
Copyright, 1882, by
DONNELLEY, LOYD & CO.,
CHICAGO.
Copyright, 1884, by
R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS,
CHICAGO.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons, The Lakeside Press, Chicago.
[Illustration: "Really this is a sad affair."]
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. Two Shocks for W----
CHAPTER II. W---- Investigates
CHAPTER III. A Sample of the Lamotte Blood
CHAPTER IV. Sybil's Letter
CHAPTER V. The Deductions of a Detective
CHAPTER VI. Doctor Heath at Home
CHAPTER VII. A Falling Out
CHAPTER VIII. One Detective too Many
CHAPTER IX. The Deductions of Detective Number Two
CHAPTER X. Evan
CHAPTER XI. The End of the Beginning
CHAPTER XII. The Beginning of the End
CHAPTER XIII. Constance's Diplomacy
CHAPTER XIV. John Burrill, Aristocrat
CHAPTER XV. Diamonds
CHAPTER XVI. In Open Mutiny
CHAPTER XVII. The Play Goes On
CHAPTER XVIII. John Burrill, Plebeian
CHAPTER XIX. Nance Burrill's Warning
CHAPTER XX. Constance at Bay
CHAPTER XXI. Appointing a Watch Dog
CHAPTER XXII. The Watch Dog Discharged
CHAPTER XXIII. Father and Son
CHAPTER XXIV. A Day of Gloom
CHAPTER XXV. That Night
CHAPTER XXVI. Prince's Prey
CHAPTER XXVII. A Turn in the Game
CHAPTER XXVIII. Introducing Mr. Smith
CHAPTER XXIX. Openly Accused
CHAPTER XXX. An Obstinate Client
CHAPTER XXXI. Beginning the Investigation
CHAPTER XXXII. An Appeal to the Wardour Honor
CHAPTER XXXIII. "I Can Save Him if I Will"
CHAPTER XXXIV. A Last Resort
CHAPTER XXXV. A Strange Interview
CHAPTER XXXVI. Two Passengers West
CHAPTER XXXVII. Some Excellent Advice
CHAPTER XXXVIII. Belknap Outwitted
CHAPTER XXXIX. "Will Love Outweigh Honor?"
CHAPTER XL. "Too Young to Die"
CHAPTER XLI. Sir Clifford Heathercliffe
CHAPTER XLII. A Tortured Witness
CHAPTER XLIII. Justice, Sacrifice, Death
CHAPTER XLIV. A Spartan Mother
CHAPTER XLV. Told by a Detective
CHAPTER XLVI. The Story of Lucky Jim
CHAPTER XLVII. After the Drama Ended
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
"Really, this is a sad affair."
"I have a clue."
"I am ready to do that at any and all times."
"John Burrill! Why, he is a brute!"
So he dines at Wardour Place
"Who are you?"
"Ah! This phial is one of a set."
"Are we alone?"
The tramp turned and looked back
"Doctor Heath flatters himself."
"Here is this man again."
"Poor Frank! don't let this overcome you so."
"Why, Evan, you look ghostly."
"You must not have a third attack."
"Conny, it has come."
"I am happy to know you."
"I have never once been tempted to self destruction."
Only a moment did Sybil listen
Evan saw Sybil and Frank canter away
"It is not in his power or yours to alter my decision."
"Then take that, and that."
"It's the other one," he muttered
"Stay a moment, sir."
"I'll be hanged if I can understand it."
"I hope you will excuse me."
"Well, Roake, are you ready for business?"
"If you ever see me again, you'll see me sober."
"You promise never to marry Francis LaMotte?"
The cottage stands quite by itself
"Prince,
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
Italics are indicated by _underscores_.
Hyphenation inconsistencies: both Bald-headed and Baldheaded are
used.
The
Theatrical Primer
BY
HAROLD ACTON VIVIAN
_Illustrations by
FRANCIS P. SAGERSON_
G. W. DILLINGHAM COMPANY
PUBLISHERS NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY
H. A. VIVIAN
COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY
G. W. DILLINGHAM COMPANY
_The Theatrical
Primer_
The Theatrical Primer
1
Here, children, is a Theatre. A Theatre is a big Playhouse where actors
Act--sometimes. It is a pretty building, is it Not? It costs two big
Dollars to get into a Theatre but People are always in a Great Hurry to
get out. This is right, as it Helps the actors to act. When you go to a
theatre you should always Cry as Loud and as Long as you can. It gives
great Pleasure to all the People, and makes your Mother feel Good.
2
Oh, see the Press Agent! Is he not a wonderful Thing? Next to the
Theatre, he is the most Important Thing in the Business. He is much
Greater than the Manager, but he does not get so much Money. The Press
Agent always tells the Truth, and loves to give away Free Tickets. Do
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IOLAeUS
_BY THE SAME AUTHOR_
A SON OF CAIN: POEMS. Cr. 8vo. 3/6 net.
IN THE WAKE OF THE PH[OE]NIX: POEMS. F'cap. 8vo. 3/6 net.
IOLAeUS:
THE MAN THAT WAS A GHOST
BY
JAMES A. MACKERETH
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK, BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA
1913
TO THE MEMORY OF
MY FRIEND
ARTHUR RANSOM
HAIL AND FAREWELL
To A.R.
We range the ringing <DW72>s of life; but you
Scale the last summit, high in lonelier air,
Whose dizzy pinnacle each soul must dare
For valedictions born and ventures new.
From dust to spirit climb, O brave and true!
Strong in the wisdom that is more than prayer;
High o'er the mists of pain and of despair,
Mount to the vision, and the far adieu.
Merged in the vastness, with a calm surmise
Mount, lonely climber, brightened from afar;
Whose soul is secret as the evening-star;
Whose steps are toward the ultimate surprise:
No dubious morrow dims those daring eyes--
Divinely lit whence truth's horizons are.
_The sonnets in this volume have previously appeared in the columns of
"The Academy," "The Eye-Witness," and "The Yorkshire Observer." My
thanks are due to the Editors of these publications for their kind
permission to republish._
J.A.M.
_Stocka House,
Cot
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BRITISH POLICY IN THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY
1763-1768
BY
CLARENCE EDWIN CARTER
A. M., 1906 (UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN)
THESIS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE
DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY
IN THE
GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
1908
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
June 1 1908
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY
Clarence Edwin Carter, A.M.
ENTITLED British Policy in the Illinois Country, 1763-1768
IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in History
Evarts B Greene
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF History.
BRITISH POLICY IN THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY
1763-1768
CHAPTER I.—Introductory Survey.
CHAPTER II.—The Occupation of Illinois.
CHAPTER III.—Status of the Illinois Country in the Empire.
CHAPTER IV.—Trade Conditions in Illinois, 1765-1775.
CHAPTER V.—Colonizing schemes in the Illinois.
CHAPTER VI.—Events in the Illinois Country, 1765-1768.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.—
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY SURVEY.
In 1763 Great Britain was confronted with the momentous problem of
the readjustment of all her colonial relations in order to meet the
new conditions resulting from the peace of Paris, when immense areas
of territory and savage alien peoples were added to the empire. The
necessity of strengthening the imperial ties between the old colonies
and the mother country and reorganizing the new acquisitions came to
the forefront at this time and led the government into a course soon
to end in the disruption of the empire. Certainly not the least of the
questions demanding solution was that of the disposition of the country
lying to the westward of the colonies, including a number of French
settlements and a broad belt of Indian nations. It does not, however,
come within the proposed limits of this study to discuss all the
different phases of the western policy of England, except in so far as
it may be necessary to make more clear her attitude towards the French
settlements in the Illinois country.
The European situation leading to the Seven Years War, which ended so
disastrously to French dominion, is too familiar to need repetition.
That struggle was the culmination of a series of continental and
colonial wars beginning towards the close of the seventeenth century
and ending with the definitive treaty of 1763. During the first quarter
of the century France occupied a predominating position among the
powers. Through the aggressiveness of Louis XIV and his ministers
her boundaries had been pushed eastward and westward, which seriously
threatened the balance of power on the continent. Until 1748 England
and Austria had been in alliance against their traditional enemy, while
in the Austrian Succession France had lent her aid to Prussia in the
dismemberment of the Austrian dominions,—at the same time extending
her own power in the interior of America and India. In the interval of
nominal peace after the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, preparations
were begun for another contest. The astute diplomacy of Kaunitz won
France from her traditional enmity and secured her as an open ally for
Maria Theresa in her war of revenge.[1] While the European situation
was giving occasion for new alignments of powers, affairs in America
were becoming more and more important as between France and England.
Here for over a century the two powers had been rivals for the
territorial and commercial supremacy.
In North America the pioneers had won for her the greater part of
the continent,—the extensive valleys of the St. Lawrence and the
Mississippi with all the land watered by their tributaries. The
French claim to this region was based almost entirely upon discovery
and exploration, for in all its extent less than one thousand
people were permanently settled. Canada at the north and the region
about New Orleans on the extreme south containing the bulk of the
population, while throughout the old Northwest settlements were few and
scattering.[2] Trading posts and small villages existed at Vincennes
on the Wabash River, at Detroit on a river of the same name, at
St. Joseph near Lake Michigan and other isolated places. Outside of
Detroit, the most important and populous settlement was situated along
the eastern bank of the Mississippi, in the southwestern part of the
present state of Illinois. Here were the villages of Kaskaskia, St.
Phillippe, Prairie du Rocher, Chartres village and Cahokia, containing
a population of barely two thousand people.
In contrast to this vast area of French territory and the sparseness
of its population were the British colonies, with more than a million
people confined to the narrow strip between the Alleghany mountains and
the Atlantic ocean. These provinces were becoming comparatively crowded
and many enterprising families of English, Scotch Irish, and German
extraction were pushing westward towards the mountains. Each year saw
the pressure on the western border increased; the great unoccupied
valley of the Ohio invited homeseekers and adventurers westward in
spite of hostile French and Indians. By the fifth decade the barriers
were being broken through by constantly increasing numbers, and the
French found their possession of the West and their monopoly of the fur
trade seriously threatened.
To prevent such encroachments the French sought to bind their
possessions together with a line of forts extending from the St.
Lawrence down the Ohio valley to the Gulf of Mexico. It had indeed been
the plan of such men as La Salle, Iberville, and Bienville to bring
this territory into a compact whole and limit the English colonies to
the line of mountains. New Orleans and Mobile gave France command of
the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River; Louisburg, Niagara, and
Frontenac afforded protection for Canada. The weak point for France was
the Ohio valley, in the upper part of which Virginia and Pennsylvania
settlers had already located. Celoron, who went down the Ohio in 1749,
burying plates of lead to signify French dominion, warning English
settlers and traders, and persuading the Indians to drive out the
invaders of their hunting grounds, saw the inevitableness of the
conflict. The American phase of the final struggle for colonial empire
was to begin in this region.[3]
In the early years of the war Great Britain and her ally met with
serious reverses
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MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA de SEINGALT 1725-1798
IN LONDON AND MOSCOW, Volume 5b--TO LONDON
THE MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA DE SEINGALT
THE RARE UNABRIDGED LONDON EDITION OF 1894 TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR MACHEN TO
WHICH HAS BEEN ADDED THE CHAPTERS DISCOVERED BY ARTHUR SYMONS.
TO LONDON
CHAPTER V
I Meet the Venetian Ambassadors at Lyons, and also Marcoline's Uncle--I
Part from Marcoline and Set Out for Paris--An Amorous Journey
Thus freed from the cares which the dreadful slanders of Possano had
caused me, I gave myself up to the enjoyment of my fair Venetian, doing
all in my power to increase her happiness, as if I had had a premonition
that we should soon be separated from one another.
The day after the supper I gave to Madame Pernon and M. Bono, we went to
the theatre together, and in the box opposite to us I saw M. Querini, the
procurator, Morosini, M. Memmo, and Count Stratico, a Professor of the
University of Padua. I knew all these gentlemen; they had been in London,
and were passing through Lyons on their return to Venice.
"Farewell, fair Marcoline!" I said to myself, feeling quite
broken-hearted, but I remained calm, and said nothing to her. She did not
notice them as she was absorbed in her conversation with M. Bono, and
besides, she did not know them by sight. I saw that M. Memmo had seen me
and was telling the procurator of my presence, and as I knew the latter
very well I felt bound to pay them my respects then and there.
Querini received me very politely for a devotee, as also did Morosini,
while Memmo seemed moved; but no doubt he remembered that it was chiefly
due to his mother that I had been imprisoned eight years ago. I
congratulated the gentlemen on their embassy to England, on their return
to their native land, and for form's sake commended myself to their good
offices to enable me to return also. M. Morosini, noticing the richness
of my dress and my general appearance of prosperity, said that while I
had to stay away he had to return, and that he considered me the luckier
man.
"Your excellency is well aware," said I, "that nothing is sweeter than
forbidden fruit."
He smiled, and asked me whither I went and whence I came.
"I come from Rome," I answered, "where I had some converse with the Holy
Father, whom I knew before, and I am going through Paris on my way to
London.
"Call on me here, if you have time, I have a little commission to give
you."
"I shall always have time to serve your excellency in. Are you stopping
here for long?"
"Three or four days."
When I 'got back to my box Marcoline asked me who were the gentlemen to
whom I had been speaking. I answered coolly and indifferently, but
watching her as I spoke, that they were the Venetian ambassadors on their
way from London. The flush of her cheek died away and was replaced by
pallor; she raised her eyes to heaven, lowered them, and said not a word.
My heart was broken. A few minutes afterwards she asked me which was M.
Querini, and after I had pointed him out to her she watched him furtively
for the rest of the evening.
The curtain fell, we left our box, and at the door of the theatre we
found the ambassadors waiting for their carriage. Mine was in the same
line as theirs. The ambassador Querini said,--
"You have a very pretty young lady with you."
Marcoline stepped forward, seized his hand, and kissed it before I could
answer.
Querini, who was greatly astonished, thanked her and said,--
"What have I done to deserve this honour?"
"Because," said Marcoline, speaking in the Venetian dialect, "I have the
honour of knowing his excellency M. Querini."
"What are you doing with M. Casanova?"
"He is my uncle."
My carriage came up. I made a profound bow to the ambassadors, and called
out to the coachman, "To the 'Hotel du Parc'." It was the best hotel in
Lyons, and I was not sorry for the Venetians to hear where I was staying.
Marcoline was in despair, for she saw that the time for parting was near
at hand.
"We have three or four days before us," said I, "in which we can
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Book 1, Chapter I.
IN THE OLD FEN-LAND.
"Oh, how sweet the pines smell, Marion! I declare it's quite bliss to
get down here in these wilds, with the free wind blowing the London
smoke out of your back hair, and no one to criticise and make remarks.
I won't go to the sea-side any more: pier and band, and esplanade and
promenade; in pink to-day and in blue to-morrow, and the next day in
green; and then a bow here and a `de-do' there; and `how's mamma?' and
`nice day;' and all the same sickening stuff over again. There! I
won't hear fault found with the Fen-land ever any more. I don't wonder
at that dear old Hereward the Wake loving it. Why, it's beautiful! and
I feel free--as free as the air itself; and could set off and run and
jump and shout like a child?"
"Dangerous work, running and jumping here," said a tall, pale girl, the
speaker's companion, as she picked her way from tuft to tuft of heath
and rushes, now plucking a spray of white or creamy-pink moss, now some
silky rush, and at last bending long over a cluster of forget-me-nots,
peering up from the bright green water plants, like turquoise set in
enamelled gold.
"What lovely forget-me-nots!" cried her blonde companion, hurrying to
her side, the oozy ground bending beneath her weight, as she pressed
forward. "True blue--true blue! I must have a bunch as well."
"Poor Philip's favourite flowers," said the other, sadly. "I have the
little dried bouquet at home now that he gave me--six years ago this
spring, Ada. Forget-me-not!"
She stood, sad and thoughtful, with the flowers in her hand, the tears
the while dropping slowly upon the little blue petals, that seemed like
eyes peering up at her. They were standing together upon the edge of a
wide stretch of uncultivated marsh, which commenced as soon as the grove
of whispering pines through which they had come ceased to flourish;
though here and there, just as they had been dragged forth from the
boggy depths, lay, waiting for carriage, huge roots of pines, that had
been growing, perhaps, two thousand years before, and now, probed for
and dragged to the surface, proved to be sound--undecayed, and
crystallised with the abundant turpentine, forming a fuel much sought
after by the country people.
"Marion, darling," whispered the fair girl, passing her arm round the
other's waist, and speaking in soft, deep tones--a perfect contrast to
her gay accents of a few moments before--"try not to mourn now: it is
hardly loyal, and it is of no avail. I too have wept for the dead, many
and many a time."
"Yes; we all weep for our passed away," said Marion, sadly.
"Yes, true; I mourned, too, for poor Philip, Marion."
"You, Ada?"
"Yes; why not? I feel no shame in owning that I loved him, too--warmly
as ever you could, though I saw his preference and bore it in silence."
"You, you--Ada?"
"Yes, dear, I. You think me light and frivolous, but may not that be
merely on the surface? I wept long when I found that he loved and was
engaged to you; but I hid my secret, for my only wish was to see him
happy; and you cannot say that I ever failed in my friendship."
"Never--never, dear," said Marion, gazing with troubled eyes at her
friend, but clinging to her the while; and then, making their way to the
pine grove, they sat down amongst the soft shed needles to rest,
dreamily pondering over the past, till, starting from her reverie, Ada
Lee exclaimed lightly:
"There, this will not do. Poor Philip has gone to his soldier's grave,
honourably fighting for his country. May Heaven rest him! for he was a
brave fellow; but life is not long enough for much time to be spent in
weeping. There, Marion, darling, rouse your self; this is not a thing
of yesterday. Come! we must get back. Think of the wooing and wedding,
and be as merry and light-hearted as I am. Heigho! I wish, though,
that some one would marry me, and bring me to live down here in these
dear old solemn marshes. How nice for me to be always close to you,
wouldn't it? There's a house across there amongst the trees that would
do capitally. Who lives there?"
"No one, Ada," said the other, sadly. "That is Merland Hall, where poor
Philip should have dwelt."
Ada started, and again her arm was pressed round her companion's waist,
when, almost in silence, they walked back to the parsonage, where Ada
Lee was staying with her friend, having come down from London to fulfil
the office of bridesmaid at Marion's wedding.
But on reaching her bedroom Marion threw herself in a chair, letting the
botanical specimens she had been gathering fall upon the carpet
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CHATS ON HOUSEHOLD CURIOS
BOOKS FOR COLLECTORS
_With Frontispieces and many Illustrations
Large Crown 8vo, cloth._
CHATS ON ENGLISH CHINA.
By Arthur Hayden.
CHATS ON OLD FURNITURE
By Arthur Hayden.
CHATS ON OLD PRINTS.
By Arthur Hayden.
CHATS ON COSTUME.
By G. Woolliscroft Rhead.
CHATS ON OLD LACE AND NEEDLEWORK.
By E. L. Lowes.
CHATS ON ORIENTAL CHINA.
By J. F. Blacker.
CHATS ON OLD MINIATURES.
By J. J. Foster, F.S.A.
CHATS ON ENGLISH EARTHENWARE.
By Arthur Hayden.
CHATS ON AUTOGRAPHS.
By A. M. Broadley.
CHATS ON PEWTER.
By H. J. L. J. Masse, M.A.
CHATS ON POSTAGE STAMPS.
By Fred. J. Melville.
CHATS ON OLD JEWELLERY AND TRINKETS.
By MacIver Percival.
CHATS ON COTTAGE AND FARMHOUSE FURNITURE.
By Arthur Hayden.
CHATS ON OLD COINS.
By Fred. W. Burgess.
CHATS ON OLD COPPER AND BRASS.
By Fred. W. Burgess.
CHATS ON HOUSEHOLD CURIOS.
By Fred. W. Burgess.
_In Preparation._
CHATS ON BARGAINS.
By Charles E. Jerningham.
CHATS ON JAPANESE PRINTS.
By Arthur Davison Ficke.
CHATS ON OLD CLOCKS AND WATCHES.
By Arthur Hayden.
CHATS ON OLD SILVER.
By Arthur Hayden.
LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN.
NEW YORK: F. A. STOKES COMPANY.
* * * * *
[Illustration: FIG. 1.--OLD FIREPLACE, SHOWING SUSSEX BACK, ANDIRONS,
AND TRIVET.
Frontispiece.]
* * * * *
CHATS ON
HOUSEHOLD CURIOS
BY
FRED. W. BURGESS
AUTHOR OF "CHATS ON OLD COINS," "CHATS ON OLD
COPPER AND BRASS," ETC.
WITH 94 ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
T. FISHER UNWIN
ADELPHI TERRACE
_First published in 1914_
(_All rights reserved_)
PREFACE
There is a peculiar charm about the relics found in an old home--a home
from which many generations of fledglings have flown. As each milestone
in family history is passed some once common object of use or ornament
is dropped by the way. Such interesting mementoes of past generations
accumulate, and in course of time the older ones become curios.
It is to create greater interest in these old-world odds and ends--some
of trifling value to an outsider, others of great intrinsic worth--that
this book has been written. The love of possession is to some possessors
the chief delight; to others knowledge of the original purposes and uses
of the objects acquired affords still greater pleasure. My intention has
been rather to assist the latter class of collectors than to facilitate
the mere assemblage of additional stores of curiosities. It is truly
astonishing how rapidly the common uses of even household furnishings
and culinary utensils are forgotten when they are superseded by others
of more modern type.
The modern art of to-day and the revival of the much older furniture of
the past have driven out the household gods of intermediate dates, and
it is in that period intervening between the two extremes that most of
the household curios reviewed in this work are found. Although many of
the finest examples of household curios are now in museums, private
collectors often possess exceptional specimens, and sometimes own the
most representative groups of those things upon which they have
specialized.
The examples in this book have been drawn from various sources. As in
"Chats on Old Copper and Brass" (which may almost be regarded as a
companion work), the illustrations are taken from photographs of typical
museum curios and objects in private collections, or have been specially
sketched by my daughter, who has had access to many interesting
collections, to the owners of which I am indebted for the illustrations
I am able to make use of.
My thanks are due to the Directors of the British Museum, who have
allowed their printers, the University Press, Oxford, to supply electros
of some exceptional objects now in the Museum; also to the Director of
the Victoria and Albert Museum, at South Kensington; and the Director
of the London Museum, now located at Stafford House.
Dr. Hoyle, the Director of the National Museum of Wales, at Cardiff, has
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VOL. 153, AUG 29, 1917***
E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, William Flis, and the Project
Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 10923-h.htm or 10923-h.zip:
(http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/0/9/2/10923/10923-h/10923-h.htm)
or
(http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/0/9/2/10923/10923-h.zip)
PUNCH, OR THE LONDON CHARIVARI.
VOL. 153.
AUGUST 29, 1917.
CHARIVARIA.
Germany is a bankrupt concern, says _The Daily Mail_. A denial is
expected every hour from Herr MICHAELIS, who is Germany's Official
Deceiver.
***
Much sympathy is felt in Germany for Admiral VON TIRPITZ, whose
proposed cure in Switzerland is off. His medical adviser has advised
him to take a long sea voyage, but failed to couple with the advice a
few particulars on how to carry it out.
***
Patrons of the royal theatres in Germany who pay in gold can now
obtain two seats for the price of one. This is not the inducement it
might seem to be. The German who used to buy one ticket and occupy two
seats is almost extinct.
***
A chicken with four legs and four wings is reported from Soberton.
Did it come from any other place we should receive the story with
suspicion.
***
"New Labour troubles are brewing," declares _The Evening News_. The
chief Labour trouble, however, seems to be not brewing.
***
One sportsman, says a news item, has landed seventy-seven pounds of
bream at Wrexham. It may have been sport, but it has all the earmarks
of honest toil.
***
A man charged with smoking in a munitions factory told the court
he was trying to cure the toothache. A fine was imposed, the Bench
pointing out that the man was lucky not to have lost the tooth
altogether.
***
As a means of preserving the memory of hero M.P.s, Mr. WINSTON
CHURCHILL suggests a name-plate on the back of the seats they had in
the House. We understand that Mr. GINNELL resolutely refuses to have
such a plate on the back of his old seat.
***
Honour where honour is due. A man named KITE told the Willesden
magistrate that he had joined the Royal Flying Corps, and the
magistrate refrained from being funny.
***
Light cars are now becoming very popular, says _The Autocar_. We
understand that they have always been preferred by pedestrians, who
realise that they make only a slight indentation in the person as
compared with the really heavy car.
***
"Whatever else may happen," says a contemporary, "the final decision
as to Stockholm rests with the Government." Our contemporary is far
too modest. A few months ago the final decision would have rested with
the stunt Press.
***
Portsmouth is to have three M.P.s, we read, under the Proportional
Representation scheme, though it is not known what Portsmouth has done
to deserve this.
***
Something like a panic was caused in the City the other day when news
got round that no mention of Mr. WINSTON CHURCHILL appeared in a
_Morning Post_ leader.
***
A postwoman charged at Old Street Police Court admitted that she had
swallowed a postal order and a pound Treasury note. Some women have a
remarkable objection to using the ordinary purse.
***
A woodworm in the timbering of Westminster Hall has been attacked with
a gas-spray by the Board of Works. The little fellow put up a gallant
fight and died bravely defending his third line trenches against a
vastly superior force.
***
The Vienna _Neue Freie Presse_ says that so far L18,000,000,000 has
been spent on the War. But even those who contend that it might have
been more cheaply done admit that the notice was too short to enable
the belligerents to call for tenders.
***
In a Brixton tramway car the other morning Mr. LLOYD GEORGE, it is
announced, had to borrow coppers from a companion to pay his fare. The
most popular explanation is that he had spent all his money in buying
the latest editions of the evening papers.
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Transcriber's Notes:
1
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Produced by Juliet Sutherland, S.D., and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
[Transcriber's Note:
For the ASCII version of this e-book, letters with a macron over them
have been represented as [=o], and letters with a breve as [)u].
Page numbers from the original book have been added to asterisks that
indicate notes in the Appendix (e.g. [*3]) in order to make it easier to
match them to their corresponding notes. Page 61 has two notes: [*61a]
and [*61b]. Footnotes are in the same format, without the asterisks
(e.g. [1], [2])
Please see the end of this book for more detailed notes on the text.]
By Alice M. Bacon
IN THE LAND OF THE GODS. 12mo, $1.50.
JAPANESE GIRLS AND WOMEN. 16mo, $1.25. In Riverside Library for Young
People. 16mo, 75 cents.
_Holiday Edition._ With 12 full-page Illustrations in color and 43
outline drawings by Japanese artists. Crown 8vo, gilt top, $4.00.
A JAPANESE INTERIOR. 16mo, $1.25. In Riverside School Library. 16mo, 60
cents, _net_.
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
JAPANESE GIRLS AND
WOMEN
BY
ALICE MABEL BACON
_REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION_
[Illustration]
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
The Riverside Press Cambridge
Copyright, 1891, 1902,
BY ALICE MABEL BACON.
_All rights reserved._
To
STEMATZ, THE MARCHIONESS OYAMA,
IN THE NAME OF OUR GIRLHOOD'S FRIENDSHIP, UNCHANGED AND
UNSHAKEN BY THE CHANGES AND SEPARATIONS OF OUR
MATURER YEARS,
This Volume
_IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED_.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. CHILDHOOD 1
II. EDUCATION 37
III. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 57
IV. WIFE AND MOTHER 84
V. OLD AGE 119
VI. COURT LIFE 138
VII. LIFE IN CASTLE AND YASHIKI 169
VIII. SAMURAI WOMEN 196
IX. PEASANT WOMEN 228
X. LIFE IN THE CITIES 262
XI. DOMESTIC SERVICE 299
XII. WITHIN THE HOME 327
XIII. TEN YEARS OF PROGRESS 371
APPENDIX 423
INDEX 473
PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION.
In offering a revised edition of a book which has been before the public
for more than ten years, there is little to say that has not been said
in the original Preface. The work as published before, however, was
always, to its author's mind, unfinished, for the reason that a chapter
on household customs, which was necessary for the completion of the
plan, had to be omitted because it could not be written in America.
This defect has now been remedied, and the chapter "Within the Home"
contains the supplementary matter necessary to complete the picture of a
Japanese woman's life. In addition to this a thorough revision has been
made of the whole book, and the subjects discussed in each chapter have
been brought up to date by means of notes in an Appendix. The reader
will find these notes referred to by asterisks in the text.
Finally, a second supplementary chapter has been added, in which an
effort has been made to analyze present conditions. From its nature,
this chapter is only a rapid survey of the progress of ten years. It is
not easy to write with judgment of conditions actually present. A little
perspective is necessary to make sure that one sees things in their
proper proportions. It is therefore with some hesitation that I offer to
the public the result of two years' experience of the present state of
affairs. If subsequent events show that my observation has been
incorrect, I can only say that what I have written has been the
"Thing-as-I-see-It," and does not lay claim to being the
"Thing-as-It-is."
In closing, I would thank once more the friends whose names appear in
the previous Preface, and would add to their number the names of Mr. H.
Sakurai and Mr. and Mrs. Seijiro Saito
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(This book was produced from scanned images of public
domain material from the Google Books project.)
[Illustration: "The Toad Woman stopped fanning and looked at her." Page
125.]
ADVENTURES
IN
Shadow-Land.
CONTAINING
Eva's Adventures in Shadow-Land.
By MARY D. NAUMAN.
AND
The Merman and The Figure-Head.
By CLARA F. GUERNSEY.
TWO VOLUMES IN ONE.
_WITH ILLUSTRATIONS._
PHILADELPHIA
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
1874.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
Lippincott's Press,
Philadelphia.
EVA'S ADVENTURES
IN
SHADOW-LAND.
TO
MY FRIEND
E. W.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
What Eva saw in the Pond 9
CHAPTER II.
Eva's First Adventure 15
CHAPTER III.
The Gift of the Fountain 23
CHAPTER IV.
The First Moonrise 30
CHAPTER V.
What Aster was 36
CHAPTER VI.
The Beginning of the Search 45
CHAPTER VII.
Aster's Misfortunes 52
CHAPTER VIII.
What Aster did 63
CHAPTER IX.
The Door in the Wall 73
CHAPTER X.
The Valley of Rest 80
CHAPTER XI.
The Magic Boat 92
CHAPTER XII.
Down the Brook 104
CHAPTER XIII.
The Enchanted River 119
CHAPTER XIV.
The Green Frog 130
CHAPTER XV.
In the Grotto 145
CHAPTER XVI.
Aster's Story 151
CHAPTER XVII.
The Last of Shadow-Land 162
EVA'S ADVENTURES
IN SHADOW-LAND.
CHAPTER I.
_WHAT EVA SAW IN THE POND._
She had been reading fairy-tales, after her lessons were done, all the
morning; and now that dinner was over, her father gone to his office,
the baby asleep, and her mother sitting quietly sewing in the cool
parlor, Eva thought that she would go down across the field to the old
mill-pond; and sit in the grass, and make a fairy-tale for herself.
There was nothing that Eva liked better than to go and sit in the tall
grass; grass so tall that when the child, in her white dress, looped on
her plump white shoulders with blue ribbons, her bright golden curls
brushed back from her fair brow, and her blue eyes sparkling, sat down
in it, you could not see her until you were near her, and then it was
just as if you had found a picture of a little girl in a frame, or
rather a nest of soft, green grass.
All through this tall, wavy grass, down to the very edge of the pond,
grew many flowers,--violets, and buttercups, and dandelions, like little
golden suns. And as Eva sat there in the grass, she filled her lap with
the purple and yellow flowers; and all around her the bees buzzed as
though they wished to light upon the flowers in her lap; on which, at
last,--so quietly did she sit,--two black-and-golden butterflies
alighted; while a great brown beetle, with long black feelers, climbed
up a tall grass-stalk in front of her, which, bending slightly under his
weight, swung to and fro in the gentle breeze which barely stirred Eva's
golden curls; and the field-crickets chirped, and even a snail put his
horns out of his shell to look at the little girl, sitting so quietly in
the grass among the flowers, for Eva was gentle, and neither bee, nor
butterfly, beetle, cricket, or snail were afraid of her. And this is
what Eva called making a fairy-tale for herself.
But sitting so quietly and watching the insects, and hearing their low
hum around her, at last made Eva feel drowsy; and she would have gone to
sleep, as she often did, if all of a sudden there had not sounded, just
at her feet, so that it startled her, a loud
Croak! croak!
But it frightened the two butterflies; for away they went, floating off
on their black-and-golden wings; and the brown beetle was in so much of
a hurry to run away that he tumbled off the grass-stalk on which he had
been swinging, and as soon as he could regain his legs, crept, as fast
as they could carry him, under a friendly mullein-leaf which grew near,
and hid himself; and the crickets were silent; and the bees all flew
away to their hive; and the snail drew himself and his horns into his
house, so that he looked like nothing in the world but a shell; for when
beetles, and butterflies, and crickets, and bees, and snails hear this
croak! croak! they know that it is time for them to get out of the way.
And when Eva looked down, there, just at her feet, sat a great green
toad.
She gave him a little push with her foot to make him go away; but
instead of that he only hopped the nearer, and again came--
Croak! croak!
He was entirely too near now for comfort, so the little girl jumped up,
dropping all the flowers she had gathered; and as she stood still for a
moment she thought that she heard the green toad say:
"Go to the pond! Go to the pond!"
It seemed so funny to Eva to hear a toad talk that she stood as still as
a mouse looking at him; and as she looked at him, she heard him say
again, as plain as possible:
"Go to the pond! Go to the pond!"
And then Eva did just exactly what either you or I would have done if we
had heard a great green toad talking to us. She went slowly through the
tall grass down to the very edge of the pond.
But instead of the fishes which used to swim about in the pretty clear
water, and which would come to eat the crumbs of bread she always threw
to them, and the funny, croaking frogs which used to jump and splash in
the water, she saw nothing but the same great green toad, which had
hopped down faster than she had walked, and which was now sitting on a
mossy stone near the bank. And when Eva would have turned away he
croaked again:
"Stay by the pond! Stay by the pond!"
And whether Eva wished it or not, she stood by the pond--for she really
could not help it--and looked. And it seemed to her that the sky grew
dark and the water black, as it always does before a rain; and then the
child grew frightened, and would have run away, but that just then, in
the very blackest part of the pond, she saw shining and looking up at
her a little round full moon, with a face in it; and it seemed to her,
strange though you may think it, that the eyes of the face in the moon
winked at her; and then it was gone.
And again Eva would have left the pond, but the green toad, which she
thought had suddenly grown larger, croaked more loudly:
"Stay by the pond! Stay by the pond!"
And Eva obeyed, as indeed she could not help doing; and then again, in
the pond, there came and went the little moon-face, only that this time
it was larger, and the eyes winked longer.
For the third time the child would have turned away, frightened at all
these strange doings in the pond; but for the third time the green toad,
larger than ever, croaked:
"Stay by the pond! Stay by the pond!"
So, for the third time, Eva looked at the pond; and there, for the third
time, was the shining moon-face, as large now as a real full moon,
though, when Eva looked up, there was no moon shining in the sky to be
reflected in the pond; and then the eyes in the moon-face looked harder
at her, and the toad winked at her; and then the toad was the moon and
the moon was the toad, and both seemed to change places with each other;
and at last both of them shone and winked so that Eva could not tell
them apart; and before she knew what she was doing she lay down quietly
in the tall grass, and the moon in the pond and the green toad winked at
her until she fell asleep.
Then the moon-eyes closed and the shining face faded; and the green toad
slipped quietly off his stone into the water; and still Eva slept
soundly.
And that was what Eva saw in the pond.
CHAPTER II.
_EVA'S FIRST ADVENTURE._
How long she lay there asleep the child did not know. It might only have
been for a few minutes; it might have been for hours. Yet, when she did
awake, and think it was time for her to go home, she did not understand
where she could be. The place seemed the same, yet not the same,--as
though some wonderful change had come over it during her sleep. There
was the pond, to be sure, but was it the same pond? Tall trees grew
round it, yet their branches were bare and leafless. A little brook ran
into the pond, which she was sure that she never had seen there before.
Was she still asleep? No. She was wide awake. She sprang to her feet and
looked around. The green toad was gone, so was the moon-face; her
father's house was nowhere to be seen; there was no sun, but it was not
dark, for a light seemed to come from the earth, and yet the earth
itself did not shine; mountains rose in the distance; but, strangest of
all, these mountains sometimes bore one shape, sometimes another; at
times they were like great crouching beasts, then again like castles or
palaces, then, as you looked, they were mountains again. Strange shadows
passed over the pond, stranger shapes flitted among the trees.
Eva did not know how the change had been made, still less did she guess
that she was now in Shadow-Land.
Yet it was all so singular that, as she looked upon the changing
mountain forms, and the quaint shadows, a sudden longing came over her,
with a desire to go home, and she turned away from the pond. And as she
did so, a little fragrant purple violet, the last that was left of all
the flowers which she had gathered, and which had been tangled in her
curls, fell to the ground, melting into fragrance as it did so; and as
it fell, there passed from Eva's mind all recollection of father,
mother, home, and the little brother cooing in his cradle: the changing
mountain forms seemed strange no longer; she forgot to wonder at the
singular earth-light, and at the absence of the sun; and noticing for
the first time that she was standing in a little path which ran along
the pond, and then followed the course of the little brook, whose waters
seemed singing the words, "Follow, follow me!" Eva wondered no longer,
but first stooping to pick up a little stick, in shape like a boy's
cane, with a knob at one end, just like a roughly carved head, and which
was lying just at her feet, she walked along the little path, which
seemed made expressly for her to walk in.
She walked on and on, as she thought, for hours, yet there came neither
sunset nor moonrise, and there were no stars in the sky, which seemed
nearer the earth than she had ever seen it before. There were clouds, to
be sure, of shapes as strange as those of the mountains, which passed
and repassed each other, although there was no wind to move them.
Everything was silent. Even the trees, swaying, as they did, to and fro,
moved noiselessly; the only sound, save Eva's light steps, which broke
the stillness was the silvery ripple of the brook, which kept company
with the path Eva trod, and whose waters murmured, gently, "Follow,
follow me!"
And Eva followed the murmuring brook, which seemed to her like a
pleasant companion in this silent land, where, even as there was no
sound, there was no sign of life; nothing like the real world which the
child had left, and of which, with the fall of the little violet from
her curls, she had lost all recollection; even as though that world had
never existed for her. Once or twice, as she went on, holding her little
stick in her hand, she imagined that she saw child-figures beckoning to
her; but, upon going up to them, she always found that either a rock, or
a low, leafless shrub, or else a rising wreath of mist, had deceived
her.
Yet, though she was alone, with no one near her, not even a bird to flit
merrily from tree to tree, nor an insect to buzz across her path, Eva
felt and knew no fear, and not for a moment did she care that she was
alone. The silvery ripple of the little brook, along which her path lay,
sounded like a pleasant voice in her ears; when thirsty, she drank of
its waters, which seemed to serve alike as food and drink; when tired,
she would lie fearlessly down upon its grassy margin, and sleep, as she
would imagine, only for a few minutes, for there would be no change in
the strange sky nor in the earth-light when she would awake from what it
had been when she lay down; and yet in reality she would sleep as long
as she would have done in her little bed at home.
For two whole days, which yet seemed as only a few hours, the child
followed the brook. During this time she had felt no desire to leave the
path; she had unhesitatingly obeyed the rippling voice of the brook,
which seemed to say, "Follow, follow me!" But now there was a change:
the water, at times, encroached upon the path, and rocks obstructed the
current, around which little waves broke and dashed, while strange
little flames, which yet did not burn, and gave no heat, started from
the waves, dancing on them; and misty shapes, more definite than those
she had first seen, beckoned to her to come to them. Now, Eva felt an
irresistible longing to leave the brook, and wander away; far, far into
the deep forest, away from the dancing flames and the beckoning shapes.
And once or twice she did leave the path, and turn her back upon the
brook. But every time that she stepped off the beaten track, faint
though it was, her feet grew heavy, and clung to the earth, so that she
could scarcely move; and the waves of the brook leaped higher and
higher; and the dancing flames grew brighter; and the silvery voice,
louder and clearer than ever, would call, "Follow, follow me!" till the
child was always glad to return to the path, and then once again the way
would grow easy to her feet, and the water would resume its former
tranquillity.
On, on she went, still following the course of the brook. But at last a
new sound mingled, though but faintly, with its musical ripple,--the
distant voice of falling waters. And when first this new tone reached
Eva's ears, a few signs of life began to show themselves,--a sad-
moth flitted lazily across the path into the forest,--a slow-crawling
worm or hairy caterpillar hid itself under a stone as Eva passed,--the
bright eyes of a mouse would peep out at her from under the shelter of a
leaf, or else a toad would leap hastily from the path into the waters of
the brook.
Still Eva walked onward, more eagerly than ever, for though the "Follow,
follow me!" of the brook was now silent, she heard the voice of the
other waters, and at every turn in the path she looked forward eagerly
for the little joyous cascade she expected to see. For it she looked,
yet in vain: though the sound of the waters grew louder, she saw
nothing, till at last a sudden gleam of golden light, from a long
opening in the forest, fell across the now placid waters of the brook;
and Eva looked up to see, far away in this opening, a fountain playing
in clouds of golden spray, amid which danced sparkles of light; and the
path, parting abruptly from the brook which it had followed so long, led
down the opening in the forest directly to this play of waters, whose
voice Eva had heard and followed.
And as she turned away from the little brook, whose course and her own
had so long been the same, it seemed to her that even the silvery ripple
of its waters died away into silence; and, looking back once more, after
she had taken a few steps, upon the way by which she had come, lo! the
brook and its waters had wholly disappeared, and an impenetrable forest
had already closed up the path behind her.
CHAPTER III.
_THE GIFT OF THE FOUNTAIN._
I have said that Eva wondered at nothing which came to pass in this land
through which she was wandering; nothing surprised her, but the most
singular occurrences appeared natural; and so it did not seem at all
strange to her that the path and the brook should be swallowed up, as it
were, by the dark, hungry, impenetrable forest; and it was almost with a
feeling of pleasure at the change that after the one hurried glance she
gave to the path by which she had come, and which was now no longer to
be seen, that she went, still holding the little stick in her hand, up
the opening between the trees to the beautiful fountain.
And as she drew
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THE
FRENCH IN ALGIERS.
THE
SOLDIER OF THE FOREIGN LEGION;
AND THE
PRISONERS OF ABD-EL-KADER.
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN AND FRENCH BY
LADY DUFF GORDON.
_NEW EDITION._
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
1855.
PREFACE.
Clemens Lamping, the author of the first part of this little volume,
is a young lieutenant in the Oldenburg service, who, tired of the
monotonous life of a garrison, resigned his commission in July, 1839,
and went to Spain to win his spurs under Espartero. Unfortunately he
was detained by contrary winds, and arrived just as the treaty of
Bergara had put an end to the war.
After spending six months at Madrid in abortive attempts to join
the army in Arragon, then the seat of war, he resolved to go to
Africa, and take part in the French crusade against the infidels.
He accordingly went to Cadiz, encountering many adventures on his
way through La Mancha and Andaluzia, and thence to Algiers, where he
entered the foreign legion as a volunteer.
After two years of danger and hardship, the author returned to
Oldenburg, having lost many illusions, and gained some experience.
His sovereign restored him to his former grade in the service of
Oldenburg, where he sits at his ease by his own fireside, and relates
his adventures to his friends.
Lieutenant Lamping’s Reminiscences are followed by the abridgement
of a narrative of five months’ captivity among the Arabs, by M. de
France, a lieutenant in the French navy. The author modestly assures
his readers that he is better skilled in the management of a ship than
of his pen, and that his book would never have been published but
at the request of his friends. It has nevertheless reached a second
edition in France.
L. D. G.
CONTENTS.
————
THE SOLDIER OF THE FOREIGN LEGION.
CHAPTER I.
Page
Coleah—Arab Coffee-houses—The Hakim’s—Court of Justice—Arab Women
and Domestic Life—Marriages—False alarm—Sofi the Modern
Hâfiz—Grief for the departed glory of the Moors—Abubekr’s piety
rewarded 1
CHAPTER II.
Algiers—The Poetry of the Galleys—Bath—Palace at Mustapha
Superieur—General Von Hulsen—I join the Foreign Legion—French
colonization in Africa—Hassan, the coffee-house keeper 15
CHAPTER III.
Dschigeli—The Foreign Legion—Climate—Attack of the Kabyles on the
Blockhouses—Massacre of a Kabyle Village—Samoom—Homeric Fight—Death
of my Friend—Fort Duquesne—Formidable Starfish—Shipwreck—Engagement
with the Kabyles—Escape of the Prisoners—Burial of their Dead 22
CHAPTER IV.
Budschia—Monkeys—March to Buterback—General Bugeaud—Algiers—Lord
Exmouth and the Dey—Progress of civilization and jollity among the
Arabs of both sexes—Songs 34
CHAPTER V.
March to Delhi Ibrahim—Horrible scene—Blidah—_Colonne
Expéditionnaire_—Dukes of Nemours and Aumale—Pass of the Col de
Mussaia—Medeah—Arab burial-grounds—Marabout in the mountains—Taking
of Callah—March through the Desert—Destruction of Abd-el-Kader’s
castle—Milianah—Night march—Sight of the Sea 41
CHAPTER VI.
Arab Valour—Abd-el-Kader—Snakes—Burning the Crops—Roman Bridge—The
Duke of Aumale falls sick—Plundering of a Kabyle Village—The
Prisoners—The Queen’s Tomb—Her royal crown—Inexpediency of turning
the sword into a ploughshare 64
CHAPTER VII.
Inspection of our Regiment—Military intendants—_Hôpital du Dey_—Its
inmates—Eastern Garden 76
CHAPTER VIII.
Voyage to Mostaganem—Storm—Funeral at sea—Landing—Bivouac
Matamon—Bey of Mostaganem—Arabic music—Captain Lièvre—African
spring—French and Arab Soldiers 79
THE PRISONERS OF ABD-EL-KADER.
CHAPTER I.
Page
Life on board the brig—Expedition up the country—Am noosed by the
Arabs—They contend for the pleasure of cutting off my head—Adda
sends me to Abd-el-Kader—The head—Painful journey—Arrival at
Abd-el-Kader’s camp 93
CHAPTER II.
Reception at Abd-el-Kader’s camp—Description of Abd-el-Kader—His
tent—Unexpected meeting with M. Meurice—Abd-el-Kader’s officers 100
CHAPTER III.
Meurice’s story—The camp and the soldiery—The Adventures of a
German renegade—Arab horses—Prayers—The Sultan’s band of music 106
CHAPTER IV.
French deserters—Sardinian prisoners—Their story—Letter to
Algiers—Raising the camp—Abd-el-Kader—The only cannon—The Bey of
Mostaganem—Return to El-Kaala 113
CHAPTER V.
Method of cooling a tent—Abd-el-Kader’s munificence—Tribute paid
in kind—A good dinner—Coffee—Supplies from Morocco—Letter from
General Létang—Arab foray—Prisoners—The beautiful black slave girl
120
CHAPTER VI.
Revolt of Abd-el-Kader’s uncle—His letter—Jews—Attack on the
Beni-Flitas and Houledscherifs—Horrible execution of a
prisoner—Vermin—Tekedemta—Letter from the Arab prisoners at
Marseilles 127
CHAPTER VII.
Ruins of Tekedemta—Abd-el-Kader’s schemes—Attempt to convert
me—More tribute—Terms of Exchange—Tumblers and Singers—Restoration
of Tekedemta 134
CHAPTER VIII.
Marches—The five marabouts—Cards and chess—Night March—The
Sultan’s arrival at the camp—His wife—Female camp—Raka the
cup-bearer—Abd-el-Kader’s Court of Justice 141
CHAPTER IX.
Offers of exchange—Report of the death of the King of
France—Festivities—Sham fight—Two French soldiers—M.
Lanternier—Meurice gets worse—Baths at Mascara—Lanternier’s
prison—His wife and daughter sent to the Emperor of Morocco—Little
Benedicto 149
CHAPTER X.
Prison at Mascara—Death of Meurice—Lanternier joins us—Four new
prisoners—Their adventures—Our way of passing our time—Conversation
of the Prisoners—Fourteen heads—The Italians 158
CHAPTER XI.
Departure from Mascara—Striking scene—Milianah—Moussa the
renegade—His letter—The Rhamadan—Delays—The Bey of Milianah—Setting
out for Algiers—The Bey’s daughters—First sight of Algiers—Fresh
delays and disappointments—The Hakem’s hospitality—Arrival at
Algiers—Benedicto—The Arab prisoners at Marseilles 165
THE FRENCH IN ALGIERS.
================
CHAPTER I.
Coleah—Arab Coffee-houses—The Hakim’s—Court of Justice—Arab Women and
Domestic Life—Marriages—False Alarm—Sofi the Modern Hâfiz—Grief for
the Departed Glory of the Moors—Abubekr’s Piety rewarded.
Coleah, September, 1841.
At last, my dear friend, after so many hardships and such various
wanderings, I have leisure to write to you; and I have much, very
much, to tell. The events of my life have lately followed each other
in such rapid succession, that the dangers and sorrows of the noble,
much-enduring Odysseus, nay, even the immortal adventures of the
valiant Knight of La Mancha, are mere child’s play in comparison with
my own.
Since the month of April we have scarce had time to take breath; so
rapidly did expedition follow expedition, and _razzia razzia_. The
new Governor, Bugeaud, naturally enough wishes to show that he is
equal to his post. His predecessor, Vallée, drew upon himself the
imputation of indolence, but no one can deny to Bugeaud the possession
of great energy and untiring activity. He encounters the Arabs with
their own weapons, harassing them with incessant attacks, and burning
and plundering the whole country. We have made two very important
expeditions; the first against Thaza, a strong fortress belonging to
Abd-el-Kader, situated on the borders of the desert. After destroying
this place, we returned through the iron gates (_portes de fer_) to
our own camp; this expedition occupied about four weeks. A few days
afterwards we started again to throw provisions into Milianah, and
to lay waste the plains of the Chellif with fire and sword. It was
exactly harvest time. In order to cut off from the Bedou
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LACHES
OR COURAGE
By Plato
Translated by Benjamin Jowett
INTRODUCTION.
Lysimachus, the son of Aristides the Just, and Melesias, the son of
the elder Thucydides, two aged men who live together, are desirous of
educating their sons in the best manner. Their own education, as often
happens with the sons of great men, has been neglected; and they are
resolved that their children shall have more care taken of them, than
they received themselves at the hands of their fathers.
At their request, Nicias and Laches have accompanied them to see a man
named Stesilaus fighting in heavy armour. The two fathers ask the two
generals what they think of this exhibition, and whether they would
advise that their sons should acquire the accomplishment. Nicias and
Laches are quite willing to give their opinion; but they suggest that
Socrates should be invited to take part in the consultation. He is a
stranger to Lysimachus, but is afterwards recognised as the son of his
old friend Sophroniscus, with whom he never had a difference to the
hour of his death. Socrates is also known to Nicias, to whom he had
introduced the excellent Damon, musician and sophist, as a tutor for his
son, and to Laches, who had witnessed his heroic behaviour at the battle
of Delium (compare Symp.).
Socrates, as he is younger than either Nicias or Laches, prefers to
wait until they have delivered their opinions, which they give in a
characteristic manner. Nicias, the tactician, is very much in favour of
the new art, which he describes as the gymnastics of war--useful when
the ranks are formed, and still more useful when they are broken;
creating a general interest in military studies, and greatly adding to
the appearance of the soldier in the field. Laches, the blunt warrior,
is of opinion that such an art is not knowledge, and cannot be of any
value, because the Lacedaemonians, those great masters of arms, neglect
it. His own experience in actual service has taught him that these
pretenders are useless and ridiculous. This man Stesilaus has been seen
by him on board ship making a very sorry exhibition of himself. The
possession of the art will make the coward rash, and subject the
courageous, if he chance to make a slip, to invidious remarks. And now
let Socrates be taken into counsel. As they differ he must decide.
Socrates would rather not decide the question by a plurality of votes:
in such a serious matter as the education of a friend's children, he
would consult the one skilled person who has had masters, and has works
to show as evidences of his skill. This is not himself; for he has never
been able to pay the sophists for instructing him, and has never had
the wit to do or discover anything. But Nicias and Laches are older
and richer than he is: they have had teachers, and perhaps have made
discoveries; and he would have trusted them entirely, if they had not
been diametrically opposed.
Lysimachus here proposes to resign the argument into the hands of the
younger part of the company, as he is old, and has a bad memory. He
earnestly requests Socrates to remain;--in this showing, as Nicias says,
how little he knows the man, who will certainly not go away until he
has cross-examined the company about their past lives. Nicias has often
submitted to this process; and Laches is quite willing to learn from
Socrates, because his actions, in the true Dorian mode, correspond to
his words.
Socrates proceeds: We might ask who are our teachers? But a better and
more thorough way of examining the question will be to ask, 'What is
Virtue?'--or rather, to restrict the enquiry to that part of virtue
which is concerned with the use of weapons--'What is Courage?' Laches
thinks that he knows this: (1) 'He is courageous who remains at his
post.' But some nations fight flying, after the manner of Aeneas in
Homer; or as the heavy-armed Spartans also did at the battle of Plataea.
(2) Socrates wants a more general definition, not only of military
courage, but of courage of all sorts, tried both amid pleasures and
pains. Laches replies that this universal courage is endurance.
But courage is a good thing, and mere endurance may be hurtful and
injurious. Therefore (3) the element of intelligence must be added. But
then again unintelligent endurance may often be more courageous than
the intelligent, the bad than the good. How is this contradiction to be
solved? Socrates and Laches are not set 'to the Dorian mode' of words
and actions; for their words are all confusion, although their actions
are courageous. Still they must 'endure' in an argument about endurance.
Laches is very willing, and is quite
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[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
CHILDREN OF THE CLIFF
BY
BELLE WILEY
AND
GRACE WILLARD EDICK
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1905, by
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
Printed in the United States of America.
TO
THE CHILDREN
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. The cliff country 1
II. Lost 13
III. The tower 18
IV. A cliff house 28
V. The cliff home 35
VI. The dress of the cliff people 44
VII. The race 50
VIII. The feast 59
IX. The journey 66
X. Home again 72
CHAPTER I
THE CLIFF COUNTRY
Little Teni and Mavo lived in a dry sandy country far away from here.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
They lived with their father and mother high up on a rocky cliff.
All about them were rocks and sand.
They could not play in the shade of the trees, because in that dry land
there were very few trees.
But the little boy and girl had great fun climbing up and down the rocks
and running in the sunshine.
One day when Mavo and Teni were playing at the foot of the cliff, they
saw some baby rabbits not far away.
They were brown rabbits, just the kind that Teni loved to play with.
"Oh, Mavo! Let us catch them," he said, and the two ran off together.
As the children came near, the little rabbits scampered away as fast as
they could.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
The mother rabbit was waiting for her children in a hole near by and
they ran straight for home.
Mavo laughed as the little creatures ran over the sand toward the hollow
cliff.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
"Come, Mavo," said Teni. "We can catch them if we hurry."
They did not see the rabbits go into the hole, and ran on and on.
"I see them, Teni," said Mavo, pointing to a brown spot in the distance.
But when they came to the brown spot they saw only a stone.
They looked all about them, but could find no trace of the rabbits. Mavo
was so disappointed not to find them!
"Where are the rabbits?" said Teni.
"We have lost them."
"They may be hiding there," he said, looking toward a clump of cedar
trees, at the foot of the cliff.
The two children ran among the trees, but could find no rabbits.
Mavo was tired and thirsty, so Teni said, "Sit down, Mavo; I will get
you a drink of water. See, the rocks are wet. There must be a spring in
the cliff."
Mavo sat on a rock, while her brother climbed up the cliff to the
spring.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
As he stooped down to take a drink he wondered what he could use to
carry some water to Mavo.
He looked around for a gourd but could find none.
The only thing he could use was the little skin bag that hung around his
neck.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
He never opened this bag, for he knew that if he lost the bit of bear's
fur from inside, no one would know what his real name was.
The children of the cliff-dwellers took their names from their mothers.
These names were very queer, because they were the names of animals or
the sun or the moon.
The little piece of fur showed that Mavo and Teni belonged to the bear
family.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
Teni knew that Mavo was very thirsty, so he took the bag from his neck
and opened it.
He held the fur tight in his hand, for he had no pocket in his loose
skin tunic.
Mavo drank the clear water, and Teni sat down beside her and put the fur
carefully back in the bag.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
Being very warm, he threw off his skin tunic for a few minutes and
rolled about in the sand.
The brother and sister meant to rest only a moment, but as the shadows
grew longer and longer the little heads drooped, and soon they were fast
asleep in the warm sand.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
The sun went down.
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
[Illustration: (uncaptioned)]
The little stars came out.
Their mother had told them that these were baby suns
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BECKET AND OTHER PLAYS
BY
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON, POET LAUREATE
CONTENTS
BECKET
THE CUP
THE FALCON
THE PROMISE OF MAY
BECKET
TO THE LORD CHANCELLOR, THE RIGHT HONOURABLE EARL OF SELBORNE.
MY DEAR SELBORNE,
_To you, the honoured Chancellor of our own day, I dedicate this
dramatic memorial of your great predecessor;--which, altho' not
intended in its present form to meet the exigencies of our modern
theatre, has nevertheless--for so you have assured me--won your
approbation.
Ever yours_,
TENNYSON.
_DRAMATIS PERSONAE_.
HENRY II. (_son of the Earl of Anjou_).
THOMAS BECKET, _Chancellor of England, afterwards Archbishop of
Canterbury_.
GILBERT FOLIOT, _Bishop of London_.
ROGER, _Archbishop of York_.
_Bishop of Hereford_.
HILARY, _Bishop of Chichester_.
JOCELYN, _Bishop of Salisbury_.
JOHN OF SALISBURY |
HERBERT OF BOSHAM | _friends of Becket_.
WALTER MAP, _reputed author of 'Golias,' Latin poems against
the priesthood_.
KING LOUIS OF FRANCE.
GEOFFREY, _son of Rosamund and Henry_.
GRIM, _a monk of Cambridge_.
SIR REGINALD FITZURSE |
SIR RICHARD DE BRITO | _the four knights of the King's_
SIR WILLIAM DE TRACY | _household, enemies of Becket_.
SIR HUGH DE MORVILLE |
DE BROC OF SALTWOOD CASTLE.
LORD LEICESTER.
PHILIP DE ELEEMOSYNA.
TWO KNIGHT TEMPLARS.
JOHN OF OXFORD (_called the Swearer_).
ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE, _Queen of England (divorced from Louis of France)_.
ROSAMUND DE CLIFFORD.
MARGERY.
_Knights, Monks, Beggars, etc_.
PROLOGUE.
_A Castle in Normandy. Interior of the Hall. Roofs of a City seen
thro' Windows_.
HENRY _and_ BECKET _at chess_.
HENRY.
So then our good Archbishop Theobald
Lies dying.
BECKET.
I am grieved to know as much.
HENRY.
But we must have a mightier man than he
For his successor.
BECKET.
Have you thought of one?
HENRY.
A cleric lately poison'd his own mother,
And being brought before the courts of the Church,
They but degraded him. I hope they whipt him.
I would have hang'd him.
BECKET.
It is your move.
HENRY.
Well--there. [_Moves_.
The Church in the pell-mell of Stephen's time
Hath climb'd the throne and almost clutch'd the crown;
But by the royal customs of our realm
The Church should hold her baronies of me,
Like other lords amenable to law.
I'll have them written down and made the law.
BECKET.
My liege, I move my bishop.
HENRY.
And if I live,
No man without my leave shall excommunicate
My tenants or my household.
BECKET.
Look to your king.
HENRY.
No man without my leave shall cross the seas
To set the Pope against me--I pray your pardon.
BECKET.
Well--will you move?
HENRY.
There. [_Moves_.
BECKET.
Check--you move so wildly.
HENRY.
There then! [_Moves_.
BECKET.
Why--there then, for you see my bishop
Hath brought your king to a standstill. You are beaten.
HENRY (_kicks over the board_).
Why, there then--down go bishop and king together.
I loathe being beaten; had I fixt my fancy
Upon the game I should have beaten thee,
But that was vagabond.
BECKET.
Where, my liege? With Phryne,
Or Lais, or thy Rosamund, or another?
HENRY.
My Rosamund is no Lais, Thomas Becket;
And yet she plagues me too--no fault in her--
But that I fear the Queen would have her life.
BECKET.
Put her away, put her away, my liege!
Put her away into a nunnery!
Safe enough there from her to whom thou art bound
By Holy Church. And wherefore should she seek
The life of Rosamund de Clifford more
Than that of other paramours of thine?
HENRY.
How dost thou know I am not wedded to her?
BECKET.
How should I know?
HENRY.
That is my secret, Thomas.
BECKET.
State secrets should be patent to the statesman
Who serves and loves his king, and whom the king
Loves not as statesman, but true lover and friend.
HENRY.
Come, come, thou art but deacon, not yet bishop,
No, nor archbishop, nor my confessor yet.
I would to God thou wert, for I should find
An easy father confessor in thee.
BECKET.
St. Denis, that thou shouldst not. I should beat
Thy kingship as my bishop hath beaten it.
HENRY.
Hell take thy bishop then, and my kingship too!
Come, come, I love thee and I know thee, I know thee,
A doter on white pheasant-flesh at feasts,
A sauce-deviser for thy days of fish,
A dish-designer, and most amorous
Of good old red sound liberal Gascon wine:
Will not thy body rebel, man, if thou flatter it?
BECKET.
That palate is insane which cannot tell
A good dish from a bad, new wine from old.
HENRY.
Well, who loves wine loves woman.
BECKET.
So I do
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THOMAS WARTON
_A History of English Poetry_: an Unpublished Continuation
Edited, with an Introduction, by Rodney M. Baine
Publication Number 39
Los Angeles
William Andrews Clark Memorial Library
University of California
1953
GENERAL EDITORS
H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_
RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_
RALPH COHEN, _University of California, Los Angeles_
VINTON A. DEARING, _University of California, Los Angeles_
ASSISTANT EDITOR
W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_
ADVISORY EDITORS
EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_
BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_
LOUIS BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_
JOHN BUTT, _King's College, University of Durham_
JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_
ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_
EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_
LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_
SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_
EARNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_
JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_
H. T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
EDNA C. DAVIS, _Clark Memorial Library_
INTRODUCTION
Among the unpublished papers of Thomas and Joseph Warton at Winchester
College the most interesting and important item is undoubtedly a
continuation of Thomas Warton's _History of English Poetry_. This
continuation completes briefly the analysis of Elizabethan satire and
discusses the Elizabethan sonnet. The discussion offers material of
interest particularly for the bibliographer and the literary historian.
The bibliographer, for example, will be intrigued by a statement of
Thomas Warton that he had examined a copy of the _Sonnets_ published in
1599--a decade before the accepted date of the first edition. The
literary historian will be interested in, inter alia, unpublished
information concerning the university career of Samuel Daniel and in the
theory that Shakespeare's sonnets should be interpreted as if addressed
by a woman to her lover.
Critically appraised, Warton's treatment of the Elizabethan sonnet seems
skimpy. To dismiss the sonnet in one third the amount of space devoted
to Joseph Hall's _Virgidemiarum_ seems to betray a want of proportion.
Perhaps even more damaging may seem the fact that Warton failed to
mention more sonnet collections than he discussed. About twenty years
later, in 1802, Joseph Ritson listed in his _Bibliographia Poetica_ the
sonnet collections of Barnaby Barnes, Thomas Lodge, William Percy, and
John Soowthern--all evidently unknown to Warton. But Warton was not
particularly slipshod in his researches. In his immediately preceding
section, on Elizabethan satire, he had stopped at 1600; and in the
continuation he deliberately omitted the sonnet collections published
after that date. Thus, though he had earlier in the _History_ (III, 264,
n.) promised a discussion of Drayton, he omitted him here because his
sonnets were continually being augmented until 1619. Two sixteenth
century collections which Warton had mentioned earlier in the _History_
(III, 402, n.) he failed to discuss here, William Smith's _Chloris_
(1596) and Henry Lock's _Sundry Christian Passions, contayned in two
hundred Sonnets_ (1593). Concerning Lock he had quoted significantly
(IV, 8-9) from _The Return from Parnassus_: "'Locke and Hudson, sleep
you quiet shavers among the shavings of the press, and let your books
lie in some old nook amongst old boots and shoes, so you may avoid my
censure.'" A collection which certainly did not need to avoid censure
was Sir Philip Sidney's _Astrophel and Stella_; and for Warton's total
neglect of Sidney's sonnets it seems difficult to account, for in this
section on the sonnet Sidney as a poet would have been most aptly
discussed. The _Astrophel and Stella_ was easily available in
eighteenth-century editions of Sidney's works, and Warton admired the
author. Both Thomas and Joseph Warton, however, venerated Sidney mainly
for his _Arcadia_ and his _Apology for Poetry_. For Joseph Warton,
Sidney was the prime English exhibit of great writers who have not, he
thought, "been able to express themselves with beauty and propriety in
the fetters of verse."[1] And Thomas Warton quoted evidently only once
from Sidney's verse,[1] and then only by way of _England's
Helicon_.[2] The omission of Sidney, then, is the glaring defect; of the
dozen or so other Elizabethan sonnet collections which escaped Warton
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STONES OF THE TEMPLE
R I V I N G T O N S
London _Waterloo Place_
Oxford _High Street_
Cambridge _Trinity Street_
Illustration: STONES OF THE TEMPLE
STONES OF THE TEMPLE or
Lessons from the fabric and furniture of the Church
By WALTER FIELD, M.A., F.S.A.
RIVINGTONS London, Oxford, and Cambridge 1871
"When it pleased God to raise up kings and emperors favouring sincerely
the Christian truth, that which the Church before either could not or
durst not do, was with all alacrity performed. Temples were in
all places erected, no cost was spared: nothing judged too
dear which that way should be spent. The whole world did
seem to exult, that it had occasion of pouring out gifts
to so blessed a purpose. That cheerful devotion which
David did this way exceedingly delight to behold,
and wish that the same in the Jewish people
might be perpetual, was then in Christian
people every where to be seen.
So far as our Churches and their
Temple have one end, what
should let but that they
may lawfully have one
form?"--Hooker's
"Ecclesiastical
Polity."
{~MALTESE CROSS~}
CONTENTS
PREFACE.
_Chap._ _Page_
I. THE LICH-GATE 1
II. LICH-STONES 11
III. GRAVE-STONES 19
IV. GRAVE-STONES 31
V. THE PORCH 43
VI. THE PORCH 51
VII. THE PAVEMENT 63
VIII. THE PAVEMENT 73
IX. THE PAVEMENT 81
X. THE PAVEMENT 91
XI. THE WALLS 103
XII. THE WALLS 111
XIII. THE WINDOWS 123
XIV. A LOOSE STONE IN THE BUILDING 145
XV. THE FONT 155
XVI. THE PULPIT 167
XVII. THE PULPIT 175
XVIII. THE NAVE 187
XIX. THE NAVE 197
XX. THE AISLES 209
XXI. THE TRANSEPTS 217
XXII. THE CHANCEL-SCREEN 225
XXIII. THE CHANCEL 235
XXIV. THE ALTAR 245
XXV. THE ORGAN-CHAMBER 255
XXVI. THE VESTRY 265
XXVII. THE PILLARS 275
XXVIII. THE ROOF 285
XXIX. THE TOWER 295
XXX. THE HOUSE NOT MADE WITH HANDS 311
INDEX OF ENGRAVINGS
_Page_
St. Mildred's Church and Lich-Gate, Whippingham 3
Lich-Gate at Yealmton 5
Lich-Gate at Birstal 7
Heywood Church, Manchester 13
Lich-Stone, Great Winnow, Cornwall 15
Lich-Stone at Lustleigh 18
Church of St. Nicholas, West Pennard 21
Grave-Stones in Streatham Churchyard 23
Grave-Stones in High-Week Churchyard 24
Easter Flowers 28
Stinchcombe Church 33
Grave-Stones 35, 39, 41
Llanfechan Church 42
Godmersham Church 45
Porch of Luebeck Cathedral 53
Porch and Parvise of St. Mary's Church,
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Life: Its True Genesis
By R. W. Wright
[Masoretic Hebrew.]--אֲׁשֶֽר זַרְעוׄ־בִל עַל־הָאָ֑רֶע׃.--
Οὗ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ χατὰ γένος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. [Septuagint.]
"Whose general principle of life, each in itself after its own kind, is
upon the earth." [Correct Translation.]
Second Edition
1884
RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
TO
ARTHUR E. HOTCHKISS, ESQ.
OF CHESHIRE, CONN.
Contents.
Prefatory
Chapter I. Introductory.
Chapter II. Life--Its True Genesis.
Chapter III. Alternations of Forest Growths.
Chapter IV. The Distribution and Vitality of Seeds.
Chapter V. Plant Migration and Interglacial Periods.
Chapter VI. Distribution and Permanence of Species.
Chapter VII. What Is Life? Its Various Theories.
Chapter VIII. Materialistic Theories of Life Refuted.
Chapter IX. Force-Correlation, Differentiation and Other Life Theories.
Chapter X. Darwinism Considered from a Vitalistic Stand-point.
Preface to Second Edition.
Here is the law of life, as laid down by the eagle-eyed prophet Isaiah, in
that remarkable chapter commencing, "Ho, every one that
thirsteth"--whether it be after knowledge, or any other earthly or
spiritual good--come unto me and I will give you that which you seek. This
is the
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by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
BY THE SEA
AND OTHER VERSES
_By_
_H. Lavinia Baily_
[Illustration]
BOSTON
RICHARD G. BADGER
The Gorham Press
1907
_Copyright 1907 by H. Lavinia Baily_
_All Rights Reserved_
_The Gorham Press, Boston_
CONTENTS
Myself and You 7
By the Sea 8
At the Close of the Year 14
Risen 16
Elizabeth Crowned 18
Who is Sufficient 19
Peace 21
Boys and Girls 22
A Smile 23
A Sparrow Alone on the Housetop 24
To Mother 24
Psalm CXXI 25
To R. T. B. 26
On New Year, 1897 27
To Anna 27
A Song of Tens 28
Jessica 29
Transition 29
To A. H. B. 30
To Winnie 31
A Life Work 32
Visions 32
Be Ye also Ready 39
Mimosa 40
At the Crisis 41
On the Death of Dr. James E. Rhoads 42
Eternal Youth 43
Building Time 44
Sunrise 45
Neal Dow 47
"Paradise will Pay for All" 48
Forgiveness 49
A Lost Song? 51
A New Earth 52
Recall 53
Philistia's Triumph 54
The White Ribbon Army 55
Christmas 57
"A Day in June" 57
To-day 59
Losing Victories 59
Not Mine 61
In the Desert 61
A Phantom in the "Circle" 62
A Valentine 66
A Convention Hymn 66
A Collection Song 67
The Ballad of the Boundary Line 68
Margaret Lee 71
Soaring Upward 74
The End of the Road 75
BY THE SEA
_AND OTHER VERSES_
MYSELF AND YOU
There are only myself and you in the world,
There are only myself and you;
'Tis clear, then, that I unto you should be kind,
And that you unto me should be true.
And if I unto you could be always kind,
And you unto me could be true,
Then the criminal courts might all be adjourned,
And the sword would have nothing to do.
A few fertile acres are all that I need,--
Not more than a hundred or two,--
And the great, wide earth holds enough, I am sure,
Enough for myself and for you.
The sweet air of heaven is free to us all;
Upon all fall the rain and the dew;
And the glorious sun in his cycle of light
Shines alike on myself and on you.
The infinite love is as broad as the sky,
And as deep as the ocean's blue,
We may breathe it, bathe in it, live in it, aye,
It is _life_ for myself and for you.
And the Christ who came when the angels sang
Will come, if the song we renew,
And reign in his kingdom,--the Prince of Peace,--
Reigning over myself and you.
O, then, may I be unto you always kind,
And be you unto me always true;
So the land may rest from its turmoil and strife,
And the sword may have nothing to do.
BY THE SEA
AN ARGUMENT FOR PEACE
"You do but dream; the world will never see
Such time as this you picture, when the sword
Shall lie inglorious in its sheath, and be
No more of valorous deeds incentive or reward."
The ocean breezes fanned them where they sat,
At leisure from life's conflict, toil and care,
Yet not unthoughtful, nor unmindful that
In all its weal and woe they held their share.
The rose-light charm and pride of earliest youth
A chastening touch had toned to lovelier hue,
And the white soul of purity and truth
Looked out alike from eyes of brown and blue.
"I covet your fair hope," he spake again,
"I cannot share it; all the hoary past
Denies that mightier prowess of the pen
The poet claims, and proves it still surpassed
"By sword and musket and the arts of war.
And 'twere not so,--the query will return,
Albeit such conflict we must all abhor--
How should the fires of patriotism burn?
"Their flames are kindled by
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Note to the Gutenberg edition: The following system has been used to
transliterate the unusual, non-Latin 1 diacriticals from the original
document:
[A.] Letter with dot below
[.A] Letter with dot above
[=A] Letter with macron above
[.)] Letter with candrabindu above
* * * * *
ON
THE INDIAN SECT
OF
THE JAINAS
BY
JOHANN GEORG BUEHLER C.I.E., LLD., PH.D.
Member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna.
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN.
EDITED with an OUTLINE of JAINA MYTHOLOGY
BY
JAS. BURGESS, C.I.E., LL.D., F.R.S.E.
1903.
PREFACE.
* * * * *
The late Dr. Georg Buehler's essay _Ueber die Indische Secte der
Jaina_, read at the anniversary meeting of the Imperial Academy of
Sciences of Vienna on the 26th May 1887, has been for some time out of
print in the separate form. Its value as a succinct account of the
['S]ravaka sect, by a scholar conversant with them and their religious
literature is well known to European scholars; but to nearly all educated
natives of India works published in German and other continental languages
are practically sealed books, and thus the fresh information which they
are well able to contribute is not elicited. It is hoped that the
translation of this small work may meet with their acceptance and that of
Europeans in India and elsewhere to whom the original is either unknown or
who do not find a foreign language so easy to read as their own.
The translation has been prepared under my supervision, and with a few
short footnotes. Professor Buehler's long note on the authenticity of the
Jaina tradition I have transferred to an appendix (p. 48) incorporating
with it a summary of what he subsequently expanded in proof of his thesis.
To Colebrooke's account of the Tirtha[.n]karas reverenced by the Jainas,
but little has been added since its publication in the ninth volume of the
_Asiatic Researches_; and as these are the centre of their worship,
always represented in their temples, and surrounded by attendant
figures,--I have ventured to add a somewhat fuller account of them and a
summary of the general mythology of the sect, which may be useful to the
archaeologist and the student of their iconography.
Edinburgh, April 1903. J. BURGESS.
CONTENTS.
THE INDIAN SECT OF THE JAINAS, by Dr. J. G. BUEHLER.
Appendix:--Epigraphic testimony to the continuity of the Jaina
tradition
SKETCH OF JAINA MYTHOLOGY, by J. BURGESS.
THE INDIAN SECT OF THE JAINAS.
The _Jaina_ sect is a religious society of modern India, at variance
to Brahmanism, and possesses undoubted claims on the interest of all
friends of Indian history. This claim is based partly on the peculiarities
of their doctrines and customs, which present several resemblances to
those of Buddhism, but, above all, on the fact that it was founded in the
same period as the latter.
Larger and smaller communities of _Jainas_ or _Arhata_,--that is
followers of the prophet, who is generally called simply the
_Jina_--'the conqueror of the world',--or the _Arhat_--'the holy
one',--are to be found in almost every important Indian town, particularly
among the merchant class. In some provinces of the West and North-west, in
Gujarat, Rajputana, and the Panjab, as also in the Dravidian districts in
the south,--especially in Kanara,--they are numerous; and, owing to the
influence of their wealth, they take a prominent place. They do not,
however, present a compact mass, but are divided into two rival
branches--the _Digambara_ and _['S]vetambara_ [Footnote: In notes
on the Jainas, one often finds the view expressed, that the _Digambaras_
belong only to the south, and the _['S]vetambaras_ to the north. This is
by no means the case. The former in the Panjab, in eastern Rajputana and
in the North West Provinces, are just as numerous, if not more so, than
the latter, and also appear here and there in western Rajputana and
Gujarat: see _Indian Antiquary_, vol. VII, p. 28.]--each of which is
split up into several subdivisions. The Digambara, that is, "those whose
robe is the atmosphere," owe their name to the circumstance that they
regard absolute nudity as the indispensable sign of holiness, [Footnote:
The ascetics of lower rank, now called Pa[n.][d.]it, now-a-days wear the
costume of the country. The Bha[t.][t.]araka, the heads of the sect,
usually wrap themselves in a large cloth (_chadr_). They lay it off
during meals. A disciple then rings a bell as a sign that entrance is
forbidden (_Ind. Ant._ loc. cit.). When the present custom first
arose cannot be ascertained. From the description of the Chinese pilgrim
Hiuen Tsiang (St. Julien, _Vie._ p. 224), who calls them Li-hi, it
appears that they were still faithful to their principles in the beginning
of the seventh century A.D. "The Li-hi (Nirgranthis) distinguish
themselves by leaving their bodies naked and pulling out their hair. Their
skin is all cracked, their feet are hard and chapped: like rotting trees
that one sees near rivers."]--though the advance of civilization has
compelled them to depart from the practice of their theory. The
['S]vetambara, that is, "they who are clothed in white"--do not claim this
doctrine, but hold it as possible that the holy ones, who clothe
themselves, may also attain the highest goal. They allow, however, that
the founder of the Jaina religion and his first disciples disdained to
wear clothes. They are divided, not only by this quarrel, but also by
differences about dogmas and by a different literature. The separation
must therefore be of old standing. Tradition, too, upholds this--though
the dates given do not coincide. From inscriptions it is certain that the
split occurred before the first century of our era. [Footnote: See below
p. 44.] Their opposing opinions are manifested in the fact that they do
not allow each other the right of intermarriage or of eating at the same
table,--the two chief marks of social equality. In spite of the age of the
schism, and the enmity that divides the two branches, they are at one as
regards the arrangement of their communities, doctrine, discipline, and
cult,--at least in the more important points; and, thus, one can always
speak of the Jaina religion as a whole.
The characteristic feature of this religion is its claim to universality,
which it holds in common with Buddhism, and in opposition to Brahmanism.
It also declares its object to be to lead all men to salvation, and to
open its arms--not only to the noble Aryan, but also to the low-born
['S]udra and even to the alien, deeply despised in India, the Mlechcha.
[Footnote: In the stereotyped introductions to the sermons of Jina it is
always pointed out that they are addressed to the Aryan and non-Aryan.
Thus in the _Aupapatika Sutra_ Sec. 56. (Leumann) it runs as follows:
_tesi[.m] savvesi[.m] a[r.]iyamanariyana[.m] agilae dhammat[.m]
aikkhai_ "to all these, Aryans and non-Aryans, he taught the law
untiringly". In accordance with this principle, conversions of people of
low caste, such as gardeners, dyers, etc., are not uncommon even at the
present day. Muhammadans too, regarded as Mlechcha, are still received
among the Jaina communities. Some cases of the kind were communicated to
me in A[h.]madabad in the year 1876, as great triumphs of the Jainas.
Tales of the conversion of the emperor Akbar, through the patriarch
Hiravijaya (_Ind. Antiq._ Vol. XI, p. 256), and of the spread of the
Digambara sect in an island Jainabhadri, in the Indian Ocean (_Ind.
Ant._ Vol. VII, p. 28) and in Arabia, shew that the Jainas are familiar
with the idea of the conversion of non-Indians. Hiuen Tsiang's note on the
appearance of the Nirgrantha or Digambara in Kiapishi (Beal,
_Si-yu-ki_, Vol. I, p. 55), points apparently to the fact that they
had, in the North West at least, spread their missionary activity beyond
the borders of India.] As their doctrine, like Buddha's, is originally a
philosophical ethical system intended for ascetics, the disciples, like
the Buddhists, are, divided into ecclesiastics and laity. At the head
stands an order of ascetics, originally Nirgrantha "they, who are freed
from all bands," now usually called Yatis--"Ascetics", or Sadhus--"Holy",
which, among the ['S]vetambara also admits women, [Footnote: Even the
canonical works of the ['S]vetambara, as for example, the _Achara[.n]ga
(Sacred Books of the East_, Vol. XXII, p. 88-186) contain directions
for nuns. It seems, however, that they have never played such an important
part as in Buddhism. At the present time, the few female orders among the
['S]vetambara consist entirely of virgin widows, whose husbands have died
in childhood, before the beginning of their life together. It is not
necessary to look upon the admission of nuns among the ['S]vetambara as an
imitation of Buddhist teaching, as women were received into some of the
old Brahmanical orders; see my note to _Manu_, VIII, 363, (_Sac.
Bks. of the East_, Vol. XXV, p. 317). Among the Digambaras, exclusion
of women was demanded from causes not far to seek. They give as their
reason for it, the doctrine that women are not capable of attaining
_Nirva[n.]a_; see Peterson, _Second Report_, in _Jour. Bom.
Br. R. As. Soc._ Vol. XVII, p. 84.] and under them the general
community of the Upasaka "the Worshippers", or the ['S]ravaka, "the
hearers".
The ascetics alone are able to penetrate into the truths which Jina
teaches, to follow his rules and to attain to the highest reward which he
promises. The laity, however, who do not dedicate themselves to the search
after truth, and cannot renounce the life of the world, still find a
refuge in Jainism. It is allowed to them as hearers to share its
principles, and to undertake duties, which are a faint copy of the demands
made on the ascetics. Their reward is naturally less. He who remains in
the world cannot reach the highest goal, but he can still tread the way
which leads to it. Like all religions of the Hindus founded on
philosophical speculation, Jainism sees this highest goal in
_Nirvana_ or _Moksha_, the setting free of the individual from
the _Sa[.m]sara_,--the revolution of birth and death. The means of
reaching it are to it, as to Buddhism, the three Jewels--the right Faith,
the right Knowledge, and the right Walk. By the right Faith it understands
the full surrender of himself to the teacher, the Jina, the firm
conviction that he alone has found the way of salvation, and only with him
is protection and refuge to be found. Ask who Jina is, and the Jaina will
give exactly the same answer as the Buddhist with respect to Buddha. He is
originally an erring man, bound with the bonds of the world, who,--not by
the help of a teacher, nor by the revelation of the Vedas--which, he
declares, are corrupt--but by his own power, has attained to omniscience
and freedom, and out of pity for suffering mankind preaches and declares
the way of salvation, which he has found. Because he has conquered the
world and the enemies in the human heart, he is called Jina "the Victor",
Mahavira, "the great hero"; because he possesses the highest knowledge, he
is called Sarvajna or Kevalin, the "omniscient", Buddha, the
"enlightened"; because he has freed himself from the world he receives the
names of Mukta "the delivered one", Siddha and Tathagata, "the perfected",
Arhat "the holy one"; and as the proclaimer of the doctrine, he is the
Tirthakara "the finder of the ford", through the ocean of the
_Sa[.m]sara_. In these epithets, applied to the founder of their
doctrine, the Jainas agree almost entirely with the Buddhists, as the
likeness of his character to that of Buddha would lead us to expect. They
prefer, however, to use the names Jina and Arhat, while the Buddhists
prefer to speak of Buddha as Tathagata or Sugata. The title Tirthakara is
peculiar to the Jainas. Among the Buddhists it is a designation for false
teachers. [Footnote: The titles Siddha, Buddha and Mukta are certainly
borrowed by both sects from the terminology of the Brahma[n.]s, which they
used, even in olden times, to describe those saved during their lifetimes
and used in the ['S]aivite doctrine to describe a consecrated one who is
on the way to redemption. An Arhat, among the Brahma[n.]s, is a man
distinguished for his knowledge and pious life (comp. for example
Apastamba, _Dharmasutra._ I, 13, 13; II, 10, I.) and this idea is so
near that of the Buddhists and the Jainas that it may well be looked upon
as the foundation of the latter. The meaning of Tirthakara "prophet,
founder of religion", is derived from the Brahmanic use of _tirtha_
in the sense of "doctrine". Comp. also H. Jacobi's Article on the Title of
Buddha and Jina, _Sac. Books of the East_. Vol. XXII, pp. xix, xx.]
The Jaina says further, however, that there was more than one Jina. Four
and twenty have, at long intervals, appeared and have again and again
restored to their original purity the doctrines darkened by evil
influences. They all spring from noble, warlike tribes. Only in such, not
among the low Brahma[n.]s, can a Jina see the light of the world. The
first Jina [R.][.)i]shabha,--more than 100 billion oceans of years
ago,--periods of unimaginable length, [Footnote: A Sagara or Sagaropama of
years is == 100,000,000,000,000 Palya or Palyopama. A Palya is a period in
which a well, of one or, according to some, a hundred _yojana_, i.e.
of one or a hundred geographical square miles, stuffed full of fine hairs,
can be emptied, if one hair is pulled out every hundred years: Wilson,
_Select. Works_, Vol. I, p. 309; Colebrooke, _Essays_, Vol. II,
p. 194. ed. Cowell.]--was born as the son of a king of Ayodhya and lived
eight million four hundred thousand years. The intervals between his
successors and the durations of their lives became shorter and shorter.
Between the twenty third, Par['s]va and the twenty fourth Vardhamana,
were only 250 years, and the age of the latter is given as only
seventy-two years. He appeared, according to some, in the last half of
the sixth century, according to others in the first half of the fifth
century B.C. He is of course the true, historical prophet of the Jainas
and it is in his doctrine, that the Jainas should believe. The dating
back of the origin of the Jaina religion again, agrees with the
pretensions of the Buddhists, who recognise twenty-five Buddhas who
taught the same system one after the other. Even with Brahmanism, it seems
to be in some distant manner connected, for the latter teaches in its
cosmogony, the successive appearance of Demiurges, and wise men--the
fourteen Manus, who, at various periods helped to complete the work of
creation and proclaimed the Brahmanical law. These Brahmanical ideas may
possibly have given rise to the doctrines of the twenty-five Buddhas and
twenty-four Jinas, [Footnote: For the list of these Jinas, see below.]
which, certainly, are later additions in both systems.
The undoubted and absolutely correct comprehension of the nine truths
which the Jina gives expression to, or of the philosophical system which
the Jina taught, represents the second Jewel--the true Knowledge. Its
principal features are shortly as follows. [Footnote: More complete
representations are to be found in Colebrooke's _Misc. Essays_. Vol.
I, pp. 404, 413, with Cowell's Appendix p. 444-452; Vol
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THE BROCHURE SERIES
OF ARCHITECTURAL ILLUSTRATION.
1900
LIST OF TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS.
CARVING.
Carved Arm-piece of Choir Stall, Sixteenth Century,
Cathedral of Genoa 123
Carved Choir Stall, Modern (1856) Baptistery, Pisa, 131
Carving, Detail of, Twelfth Century, Church of
S. Ginsto, Lucca 127
CATHEDRALS OF ENGLAND, THE.
Canterbury Cathedral: The Choir 185
Chichester Cathedral from Northeast 183
Hereford Cathedral from Northeast 187
Lincoln Cathedral: The Choir 193
Norwich Cathedral from East 185
Peterborough Cathedral: The Choir 189
St. Albans Abbey from Southwest 199
Wells Cathedral: The Choir 197
Wells Cathedral: West Front 195
Winchester Cathedral: West Front 193
Worcester Cathedral: The Choir 191
Worcester Cathedral from Southwest 181
CHATEAU OF CHAMBORD, THE.
Lantern of the Great Staircase 151
Plan 155
View of Chambord (1576) 157
CHIPPENDALE CHAIRS.
Chippendale Chairs, Chinese Pattern 77
Chippendale Chairs 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83
DUCAL PALACE: VENICE, ITALY.
Ceiling, Detail of, Ante-Chamber of Chapel 139
Fireplace in Doge's Bed-chamber 141
Piazetta and Sea Façades 137
DUOMO AND THE CAMPANILE, THE. FLORENCE, ITALY.
Plan 93
Window, The Campanile 91
ENGLISH CARVED FIREPLACES.
Mantelpiece, Montacute House 63
Mantelpiece, Restoration House, Rochester 59
Mantelpiece, Standish Hall 61
Mantelpiece, Stokesay Castle 65
Mantelpiece, Wraxhall Manor 67
GROTESQUES FROM NOTRE DAME, PARIS. 95, 97, 99
GUILD HALLS OF LONDON, THE.
Butcher's Hall, Board Room 121
HOUSE OF JACQUES COEUR: BOURGES, FRANCE.
Bird'seye View (After Viollet-le-Duc) 105
JAPANESE GARDENS.
Fukagawa, Detail of Garden 27
Hill Garden, Model of 35
Lanterns, Garden, Typical Varieties of 31
Merchant's Villa Garden, Detail, Fukagawa 29
Model Pine Tree 25
Stepping Stones, Arrangement of 31, 33
Tea Garden, Inner Enclosure, Tamagawa 33
LOUIS XVI. SCONCES.
Douai 161
Fontainebleau 161, 163
Versailles 161, 163
PETIT TRIANON, VERSAILLES.
Temple of Love 57
SPANISH WROUGHT-IRON SCREENS.
Chapel Screen, Seville Cathedral 41
Pulpit, Avila Cathedral 47
Screen, Louvre 47
Screen, Zaporta Chapel, Church of La Seo, Saragossa 45
SPECIMENS OF GOTHIC WOOD CARVING.
Gothic Carved Woodwork of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth
Centuries, Bavarian National Museum, Munich 111, 113, 115
Gothic Carved Woodwork of Fifteenth and Sixteenth
Centuries, Germanic Museum, Nuremberg 109
TEN MOST BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS IN THE UNITED STATES.
City Hall, New York City 19
Congressional Library, Approach, Washington 11
Madison Square Garden, New York City 13, 15
Madison Square Garden, New York City (Detail) 15
National Capitol, Washington 3, 5
Public Library, Boston, Entrance 7
St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City 17
St. Patrick's Cathedral, Façade, New York City 17
St. Patrick's Cathedral, Interior, New York City 19
Trinity Church, Boston 7
Trinity Church, New Porch, Boston 9
Trinity Church, Tower, Boston
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THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND
VOLUME II,
(Chapters VI-X)
by Thomas Babington Macaulay
CONTENTS:
CHAPTER VI
The Power of James at the Height
His Foreign Policy
His Plans of Domestic Government; the Habeas Corpus Act
The Standing Army
Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion
Violation of the Test Act
Disgrace of Halifax; general Discontent
Persecution of the French Huguenots
Effect of that Persecution in England
Meeting of Parliament; Speech of the King; an Opposition formed
in the House of Commons
Sentiments of Foreign Governments
Committee of the Commons on the King's Speech
Defeat of the Government
Second Defeat of the Government; the King reprimands the Commons
Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King
Opposition to the Government in the Lords; the Earl of Devonshire
The Bishop of London
Viscount Mordaunt
Prorogation
Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden
Trial of Delamere
Effect of his Acquittal
Parties in the Court; Feeling of the Protestant Tories
Publication of Papers found in the Strong Box of Charles II.
Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics
Cabal of violent Roman Catholics; Castlemaine
Jermyn; White; Tyrconnel
Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments
The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other
The Order of Jesus
Father Petre
The King's Temper and Opinions
The King encouraged in his Errors by Sunderland
Perfidy of Jeffreys
Godolphin; the Queen; Amours of the King
Catharine Sedley
Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catharine Sedley
Decline of Rochester's Influence
Castelmaine sent to Rome; the Huguenots illtreated by James
The Dispensing Power
Dismission of Refractory Judges
Case of Sir Edward Hales
Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices;
Sclater; Walker
The Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic
Disposal of Bishoprics
Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against
the Church
His Difficulties
He creates a new Court of High Commission
Proceedings against the Bishop of London
Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman Catholic
Rites and Vestments
Riots
A Camp formed at Hounslow
Samuel Johnson
Hugh Speke
Proceedings against Johnson
Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery
The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched
State of Scotland
Queensberry
Perth and Melfort
Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland
Riots at Edinburgh
Anger of the King; his Plans concerning Scotland
Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London
Their Negotiations with the King
Meeting of the Scotch Estates; they prove refractory
They are adjourned; arbitrary System of Government in Scotland
Ireland
State of the Law on the Subject of Religion
Hostility of Races
Aboriginal Peasantry; aboriginal Aristocracy
State of the English Colony
Course which James ought to have followed
His Errors
Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant
His Mortifications; Panic among the Colonists
Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General; his Partiality and Violence
He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement; he returns to England
The King displeased with Clarendon
Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal
Attempts of James to convert Rochester
Dismission of Rochester
Dismission of Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy
Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland
Effect of the Fall of the Hydes
CHAPTER VII
William, Prince of Orange; his Appearance
His early Life and Education
His Theological Opinions
His Military Qualifications
His Love of Danger; his bad Health
Coldness of his Manners and Strength of his Emotions; his Friendship
for Bentinck
Mary, Princess of Orange
Gilbert Burnet
He brings about a good Understanding between the Prince and Princess
Relations between William and English Parties
His Feelings towards England
His Feelings towards Holland and France
His Policy consistent throughout
Treaty of Augsburg
William becomes the Head of the English Opposition
Mordaunt proposes to William a Descent on England
William rejects the Advice
Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes
Conversions to Popery; Peterborough; Salisbury
Wycherley; Tindal; Haines
Dryden
The Hind and Panther
Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans
Partial Toleration granted in Scotland
Closeting
It is unsuccessful
Admiral Herbert
Declaration of Indulgence
Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters
Feeling of the Church of England
The Court and the Church
Letter to a Dissenter; Conduct of the Dissenters
Some of the Dissenters side with the Court; Care; Alsop
Rosewell; Lobb
Venn
The Majority of the Puritans are against the Court; Baxter; Howe
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IN THE YULE-LOG GLOW
CHRISTMAS TALES FROM 'ROUND THE WORLD
"Sic as folk tell ower at a winter ingle"
_Scott_
EDITED BY
HARRISON S. MORRIS
THREE VOLUMES IN ONE.
Book II.
PHILADELPHIA
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 1900.
Copyright, 1891, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY.
PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA.
CONTENTS OF BOOK II
CHRISTMAS WITH THE BARON
_By Angelo J. Lewis._
A CHRISTMAS MIRACLE
_By Harrison S. Morris._
SALVETTE AND BERNADOU
_From the French of Alphonse Daudet._
_By Harrison S. Morris._
THE WOLF TOWER
THE PEACE EGG
_By Juliana Horatia Ewing._
A STORY OF NUREMBERG
_By Agnes Repplier._
A PICTURE OF THE NATIVITY BY FRA FILIPPO LIPPI
_By Vernon Lee._
MELCHIOR'S DREAM
_By Juliana Horatia Ewing._
MR. GRAPEWINE'S CHRISTMAS DINNER
_By Harrison S. Morris._
ILLUSTRATIONS, BOOK II.
THE DAUGHTER OF THE BARON
THE HOSPITAL
MUMMERS
"A HILLY COUNTRY"
_A Droll Chapter by a Swiss Gossip._
"I here beheld an agreeable old
fellow, forgetting age, and showing
the way to be young at sixty-five."
_Goldsmith._
CHRISTMAS WITH THE BARON.
I.
Once upon a time--fairy tales always begin with once upon a time--once
upon a time there lived in a fine old castle on the Rhine a certain
Baron von Schrochslofsleschshoffinger. You will not find it an easy name
to pronounce; in fact, the baron never tried it himself but once, and
then he was laid up for two days afterwards; so in future we will merely
call him "the baron," for shortness, particularly as he was rather a
dumpy man.
After having heard his name, you will not be surprised when I tell you
that he was an exceedingly bad character. For a baron, he was considered
enormously rich; a hundred and fifty pounds a year would not be thought
much in this country; but still it will buy a good deal of sausage,
which, with wine grown on the estate, formed the chief sustenance of the
baron and his family.
Now, you will hardly believe that, notwithstanding he was the possessor
of this princely revenue, the baron was not satisfied, but oppressed
and ground down his unfortunate tenants to the very last penny he could
possibly squeeze out of them. In all his exactions he was seconded and
encouraged by his steward Klootz, an old rascal who took a malicious
pleasure in his master's cruelty, and who chuckled and rubbed his hands
with the greatest apparent enjoyment when any of the poor landholders
could not pay their rent, or afforded him any opportunity for
oppression.
Not content with making the poor tenants pay double value for the land
they rented, the baron was in the habit of going round every now and
then to their houses and ordering anything he took a fancy to, from a
fat pig to a pretty daughter, to be sent up to the castle. The pretty
daughter was made parlor-maid, but as she had nothing a year, and to
find herself, it wasn't what would be considered by careful mothers an
eligible situation. The fat pig became sausage, of course.
Things went on from bad to worse, till, at the time of our story,
between the alternate squeezings of the baron and his steward, the poor
tenants had very little left to squeeze out of them. The fat pigs and
pretty daughters had nearly all found their way up to the castle, and
there was little left to take.
[Illustration: The Daughter of the Baron]
The only help the poor fellows had was the baron's only daughter, Lady
Bertha, who always had a kind word, and frequently something more
substantial, for them when her father was not in the way.
Now, I'm not going to describe Bertha, for the simple reason that if I
did you would imagine that she was the fairy I'm going to tell you
about, and she isn't. However, I don't mind giving you a few outlines.
In the first place, she was exceedingly tiny,--the nicest girls, the
real lovable little pets, always are tiny,--and she had long silken
black hair, and a dear, dimpled little face full of love and mischief.
Now, then, fill up the outline with the details of the nicest and
prettiest girl you know, and you will have a slight idea of her. On
second thoughts, I don't believe you will, for your portrait wouldn't be
half good enough; however, it will be near enough for you.
Well, the baron's daughter, being all your fancy painted her and a
trifle more, was naturally much distressed at the goings-on of her
unamiable parent, and tried her best to make amends for her father's
harshness. She generally managed that a good many pounds of the sausage
should find their way back to the owners of the original pig; and when
the baron tried to squeeze the hand of the pretty parlor-maid, which he
occasionally did after dinner, Bertha had only to say, in a tone of
mild remonstrance, "Pa!" and he dropped the hand instantly and stared
very hard the other way.
Bad as this disreputable old baron was, he had a respect for the
goodness and purity of his child. Like the lion tamed by the charm of
Una's innocence, the rough old rascal seemed to lose in her presence
half his rudeness, and, though he used awful language to her sometimes
(I dare say even Una's lion roared occasionally), he was more tractable
with her than with any other living being. Her presence operated as a
moral restraint upon him, which, possibly, was the reason that he never
stayed down-stairs after dinner, but always retired to a favorite
turret, which, I regret to say, he had got so in the way of doing every
afternoon that I believe he would have felt unwell without it.
The hour of the baron's afternoon symposium was the time selected by
Bertha for her errands of charity. Once he was fairly settled down to
his second bottle, off went Bertha, with her maid beside her carrying a
basket, to bestow a meal on some of the poor tenants, among whom she was
always received with blessings.
At first these excursions had been undertaken principally from
charitable motives, and Bertha thought herself plentifully repaid in the
love and thanks of her grateful pensioners.
Of late, however, another cause had led her to take even stronger
interest in her walks, and occasionally to come in with brighter eyes
and a rosier cheek than the gratitude of the poor tenants had been wont
to produce.
The fact is, some months before the time of our story, Bertha had
noticed in her walks a young artist, who seemed to be fated to be
invariably sketching points of interest in the road she had to take.
There was one particular tree, exactly in the path which led from the
castle-gate, which he had sketched from at least four points of view,
and Bertha began to wonder what there could be so very particular about
it.
At last, just as Carl von Sempach had begun to consider where on earth
he could sketch the tree from next, and to ponder seriously upon the
feasibility of climbing up into it and taking it from _that_ point of
view, a trifling accident occurred which gave him the opportunity of
making Bertha's acquaintance,--which, I don't mind stating
confidentially, was the very thing he had been waiting for.
It so chanced that, on one particular afternoon, the maid, either
through awkwardness, or possibly through looking more at the handsome
painter than the ground she was walking on, stumbled and fell.
Of course, the basket fell, too, and equally of course, Carl, as a
gentleman, could not do less than offer his assistance in picking up the
damsel and the dinner.
The acquaintance thus commenced was not suffered to drop; and handsome
Carl and our good little Bertha were fairly over head and ears in love,
and had begun to have serious thoughts of a cottage in a wood, _et
caetera_, when their felicity was disturbed by their being accidentally
met, in one of their walks, by the baron.
Of course the baron, being himself so thorough an aristocrat, had higher
views for his daughter than marrying her to a "beggarly artist," and
accordingly he stamped, and swore, and threatened Carl with summary
punishment with all sorts of weapons, from heavy boots to blunderbusses,
if ever he ventured near the premises again.
This was unpleasant; but I fear it did not _quite_ put a stop to the
young people's interviews, though it made them less frequent and more
secret than before.
Now, I am quite aware this was not at all proper, and that no properly
regulated young lady would ever have had meetings with a young man her
papa didn't approve of.
But then it is just possible Bertha might not have been a properly
regulated young lady. I only know she was a dear little pet, worth
twenty model young ladies, and that she loved Carl very dearly.
And then consider what a dreadful old tyrant of a papa she had! My dear
girl, it's not the slightest use your looking so provokingly correct;
it's my deliberate belief that if you had been in her shoes (they'd have
been at least three sizes too small for you, but that doesn't matter)
you would have done precisely the same.
Such was the state of things on Christmas eve in the year----Stay!
fairy tales never have a year to them, so, on second thoughts, I
wouldn't tell the date if I knew,--but I don't.
Such was the state of things, however, on the particular 24th of
December to which our story refers--only, if anything, rather more so.
The baron had got up in the morning in an exceedingly bad temper; and
those about him had felt its effects all through the day.
His two favorite wolf-hounds, Lutzow and Teufel, had received so many
kicks from the baron's heavy boots that they hardly knew at which end
their tails were; and even Klootz himself scarcely dared to approach his
master.
In the middle of the day two of the principal tenants came to say that
they were unprepared with their rent, and to beg for a little delay.
The poor fellows represented that their families were starving, and
entreated for mercy; but the baron was only too glad that he had at last
found so fair an excuse for venting his ill-humor.
He loaded the unhappy defaulters with every abusive epithet he could
devise (and being called names in German is no joke, I can tell you);
and, lastly, he swore by everything he could think of that, if their
rent was not paid on the morrow, themselves and their families should be
turned out of doors to sleep on the snow, which was then many inches
deep on the ground. They still continued to beg for mercy, till the
baron became so exasperated that he determined to put them out of the
castle himself. He pursued them for that purpose as far as the outer
door, when fresh fuel was added to his anger.
Carl, who, as I have hinted, still managed, notwithstanding the paternal
prohibition, to see Bertha occasionally, and had come to wish her a
merry Christmas, chanced at this identical moment to be saying good-bye
at the door, above which, in accordance with immemorial usage, a huge
bush of mistletoe was suspended. What they were doing under it at the
moment of the baron's appearance, I never knew exactly; but his wrath
was tremendous!
I regret to say that his language was unparliamentary in the extreme.
He swore until he was mauve in the face; and if he had not
providentially been seized with a fit of coughing, and sat down in the
coal-scuttle,--mistaking it for a three-legged stool,--it is impossible
to say to what lengths his feelings might have carried him.
Carl and Bertha picked him up, rather black behind, but otherwise not
much the worse for his accident.
In fact, the diversion of his thoughts seemed to have done him good;
for, having sworn a little more, and Carl having left the castle, he
appeared rather better.
II.
After enduring so many and various emotions, it is hardly to be wondered
at that the baron required some consolation; so, after having changed
his trousers, he took himself off to his favorite turret to allay, by
copious potations, the irritations of his mind.
Bottle after bottle was emptied, and pipe after pipe was filled and
smoked. The fine old Burgundy was gradually getting into the baron's
head; and, altogether, he was beginning to feel more comfortable.
The shades of the winter afternoon had deepened into the evening
twilight, made dimmer still by the aromatic clouds that came, with
dignified deliberation, from the baron's lips, and curled and floated up
to the carved ceiling of the turret, where they spread themselves into a
dim canopy, which every successive cloud brought lower and lower.
The fire, which had been piled up mountain-high earlier in the
afternoon, and had flamed and roared to its heart's content ever since,
had now got to that state--the perfection of a fire to a lazy man--when
it requires no poking or attention of any kind, but just burns itself
hollow, and then tumbles in, and blazes jovially for a little time, and
then settles down to a genial glow, and gets hollow, and tumbles in
again.
The baron's fire was just in this delightful _da capo_ condition, most
favorable of all to the enjoyment of the _dolce far niente_.
For a little while it would glow and kindle quietly, making strange
faces to itself, and building fantastic castles in the depths of its red
recesses, and then the castles would come down with a crash, and the
faces disappear, and a bright flame spring up and lick lovingly the
sides of the old chimney; and the carved heads of improbable men and
impossible women, hewn so deftly round the panels of the old oak
wardrobe opposite, in which the baron's choicest vintages were
deposited, were lit up by the flickering light, and seemed to nod and
wink at the fire in return, with the familiarity of old acquaintances.
Some such fancy as this was disporting itself in the baron's brain; and
he was gazing at the old oak carving accordingly, and emitting huge
volumes of smoke with reflective slowness, when a clatter among the
bottles on the table caused him to turn his head to ascertain the cause.
The baron was by no means a nervous man; however, the sight that met his
eyes when he turned round did take away his presence of mind a little; and
he was obliged to take four distinct puffs before he had sufficiently
regained his equilibrium to inquire, "Who the--Pickwick--are you?" (The
baron said "Dickens," but, as that is a naughty word, we will substitute
"Pickwick," which is equally expressive, and not so wrong.) Let me see;
where was I? Oh, yes! "Who the Pickwick are you?"
Now, before I allow the baron's visitor to answer the question, perhaps
I had better give a slight description of his personal appearance.
If this was not a true story, I should have liked to have made him a
model of manly beauty; but a regard for veracity compels me to confess
that he was not what would be generally considered handsome; that is,
not in figure, for his face was by no means unpleasing.
His body was, in size and shape, not very unlike a huge plum-pudding,
and was clothed in a bright-green, tightly-fitting doublet, with red
holly-berries for buttons.
His limbs were long and slender in proportion to his stature, which was
not more than three feet or so.
His head was encircled by a crown of holly and mistletoe.
The round red berries sparkled amid his hair which was silver-white, and
shone out in cheerful harmony with his rosy, jovial face. And that face!
it would have done one good to look at it.
In spite of the silver hair, and an occasional wrinkle beneath the
merry, laughing eyes, it seemed brimming over with perpetual youth. The
mouth, well garnished with teeth, white and sound, which seemed as if
they could do ample justice to holiday cheer, was ever open with a
beaming, genial smile, expanding now and then into hearty laughter. Fun
and good-fellowship were in every feature.
The owner of the face was, at the moment when the baron first perceived
him, comfortably seated upon the top of the large tobacco-jar on the
table, nursing his left leg.
The baron's somewhat abrupt inquiry did not appear to irritate him; on
the contrary, he seemed rather amused than otherwise.
"You don't ask prettily, old gentleman," he replied; "but I don't mind
telling you, for all that. I'm King Christmas."
"Eh?" said the baron.
"Ah!" said the goblin. Of course, you have guessed he was a goblin?
"And pray what's your business here?" said the baron.
"Don't be crusty with a fellow," replied the goblin. "I merely looked in
to wish you the compliments of the season. Talking of crust, by the way,
what sort of a tap is it you're drinking?" So saying, he took up a flask
of the baron's very best and poured out about half a glass. Having held
the glass first on one side and then on the other, winked at it twice,
sniffed it, and gone through the remainder of the pantomime in which
connoisseurs indulge, he drank it with great deliberation, and smacked
his lips scientifically. "Hum! Johannisberg! and not so _very_ bad--for
you. But I tell you what it is, baron, you'll
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The Wide Awake Girls Series
THE WIDE AWAKE GIRLS IN WINSTED
by
KATHARINE RUTH ELLIS
Author of "The Wide Awake Girls"
Illustrated from drawings by Sears Gallagher
[Illustration: "'Here is a little souvenir for you, Judge Arthur.'"
Frontispiece. See page 266.]
Boston
Little, Brown, and Company
Copyright, 1909,
By Little, Brown, and Company.
All rights reserved
Printers
S. J. Parkhill & Co., Boston, U. S. A.
To
GLADYS GODDARD
who has been the friend of many boys and girls
this book is affectionately inscribed.
PREFACE
The author wishes to acknowledge gratefully the kindness of Messrs.
Houghton, Mifflin and Company in allowing her to use the poem
_Vantage_, by Josephine Preston Peabody in this book. She also
thanks Miss Margaret Sherwood for consenting to a similar use of her
poem, _Indian Summer_.
Books for girls are frankly suggestive, their value lying in their
kindling power. Among the girls of all sorts who may read this story,
there will be, here and there, one who loves right words. It is for the
sake of such an occasional reader that the poems mentioned have been
included. The schools sometimes lead their pupils to believe that
English literature, like Latin, belongs to the past. But there are, here
and now, "musicians of the word" who, partly because they are living,
can touch our hearts as none of the dead-and-gone ones can. If through
these pages some girl finds her way to the little green volume of
_Singing Leaves_, or the sweet stories of _Daphne_ and _King
Sylvaine and Queen Aimee_, Catherine Smith and her friends will have
done the world of girls a service worth the doing.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. CATHERINE'S INSPIRATION 3
II. GETTING STARTED 15
III. ORGANIZATION 28
IV. WITH PAIL AND BROOM 46
V. A DAY OFF 58
VI. THE OPENING 71
VII. A PARTY AT POLLY'S 86
VIII. A FORTUNATE MEETING 101
IX. LANDING 109
X. THE MAKING OF A COMPACT 120
XI. BROOKMEADOW 133
XII. ARRIVAL AT WINSTED 151
XIII. CAUGHT IN A SHOWER 164
XIV. AN INTERLUDE 176
XV. SUNDAY SCHOOL 186
XVI. ALICE ON THE WAY 203
XVII. FINDING A VOCATION 212
XVIII. DOCTOR'S ORDERS 221
XIX. JOURNALISM 246
XX. THE THREE R's 254
XXI. THE LAST PARTY 271
XXII. AUF WIEDERSEHEN 284
ILLUSTRATIONS
"Here is a little souvenir for you, Judge Arthur" Frontispiece
Page
"We must find a good place for it" 17
"How much for your tickets?" 77
"Sure I am not too heavy, Karl?" 112
Frieda was telling a story and the others were
listening attentively 184
PART ONE
STARTING A LIBRARY
THE WIDE AWAKE GIRLS IN WINSTED
CHAPTER ONE
CATHERINE'S INSPIRATION
"Alma Mater, Dexter darling, do re mi--O dear! It's much harder to write
than I supposed. I wonder why! When your heart is full of love, why
should it be hard to express it?"
Catherine Smith, sitting on the top step of the porch of her home, Three
Gables, bent her red-gold head over the pad of paper on her knee and
wrote painfully, her forehead puckered earnestly. She had been a year at
college and was just beginning her summer vacation. All through the busy
year, full of delightful new experiences, she had looked forward to the
leisure of summer, in which she might adequately declare her devotion to
the college which had been her mother's and was now her own. From the
day, the June before, when she had gone there to visit her friend,
Hannah Eldred, she had felt a keen sense of "belonging," especially
pleasant because her frail health had compelled her to lead a somewhat
secluded life at home, and she had not felt really acquainted with the
young people in the little town of Winsted, where she had always lived.
Now all that was changing. At college she had been forced to conquer her
shyness, and, to her delight, she soon found that the boys and girls at
home were more than glad to receive her into their circle upon equal
terms. Her physician parents were everybody's friends, and Catherine,
who adored her father and mother, was eager to show herself worthy to be
their daughter. In order to do so, she reasoned, she must be of real
service to the town and to her college. The only way she had thought of
so far was to write an Alma Mater song, expressive not only of the
rapturous loyalty of undergraduates, but of the graver love of alumnae
like her mother.
"It is very hard," she sighed. "It must be stately and yet not heavy. O
me! And here comes Algernon."
With a resigned air she folded her scribbled papers and thrust her
pencil into the coil of red braids encircling her head. Algernon
Swinburne, ever since his foolish mother had christened him for the
poet, had, by turns, amused and wearied his fellow-citizens. While
Catherine had lived apart, she had been spared his lengthy visits, but
with the pleasures of social life had come its penalties and she was now
on Algernon's list and obliged to spend frequent hours in his really
trying society. He came up the long walk now with a curious springing
gait, and Catherine tried to summon a hospitable smile to her lips.
Algernon refused a chair. He always appeared to be just going, "and
yet," as Polly Osgood said with a groan, "he almost never goes!" He
perched uncomfortably upon the railing and opened fire at once.
"Have you seen the last _North American Review_?"
Catherine confessed that she had not.
"There was a corking article in it on municipal corruption, comparing
San Francisco, New York and Pittsburg as to graft, police efficiency and
so on. They say Pittsburg spends two million dollars a year--"
"My upper legs is going barefoot."
Catherine lifted her eyes with a flash of pleasure. Elsmere Swinburne
was the occasional relief from his big brother's monotony. Catherine
loved little folk, and though Elsmere was known to be a rascal who would
have tried the patience of Job, she somehow always found forgiveness for
his enormities, and a delighted appreciation for his funny sayings. Just
now he stood proudly before her, his hands in his pockets, his eyes
fixed upon his fashionably clad little legs, with bruised brown knees
showing above new half-hose.
"My mamma buyed 'em for me. Her buys me everything."
Catherine smiled, but shook her head a little. Mrs. Swinburne was a
source of grief to all her neighbors, because of her persistent refusal
to allow Algernon the chance at college that he desired, and even more
because of her unwise indulgence of her younger son's lightest wishes.
Algernon cleared his throat and took up the thread of his narrative.
"Pittsburg, this fellow Chapman in the _Review_ says, spends two
million dollars a year on--"
"Talking, talking, all the time Algy talking," Elsmere broke in.
"_I_ want to talk. Tell Caffrin 'bout my cat-pussy. Her awful sick.
Her--"
Catherine sprang up. Elsmere's conversation often needed to be
suppressed.
"Let's play tennis. Algernon, will you get the balls and rackets? You
know where they are,--just inside the hall there. And Elsmere may run
after balls for us. He can, so nicely!"
Algernon obeyed the unexpected request patiently, and when he was gone,
Catherine averted her face for the space of a minute. What she had hoped
for came to pass, and when Algernon returned, his small brother had
quietly vanished. "The older one may be monotonous, but the younger one
is positively dangerous," Catherine thought to herself, as she took the
balls from Algernon, saying:
"Let's not play, after all. It's so very warm and Elsmere thought he
didn't want to run after balls. You don't mind, do you?"
"Why, no, I wasn't keen about playing," and Algernon, unconscious of the
maneuver he had helped to execute, dropped back upon the railing and
continued his _resume_ of the _North American_ article.
Catherine, meanwhile, having slipped the balls one by one into the
pocket of her steamer chair, rested her long white hands upon the chair
arms and sat quietly, hearing nothing of Mr. Chapman's statistics, her
brown eyes dreamily fixed upon the sloping lawn, but seeing instead the
Dexter campus, across which girls were moving, as she loved best to see
them, in pretty light gowns on the way to evening chapel. Among them all
her thought rested most lovingly upon a little girl with a plain face
and big round glasses. "You dear old Alice!" she murmured, almost aloud,
and roused herself guiltily to hear Algernon saying:
"There are a lot of wide-awake men in Pittsburg."
"Wide-awake girls in Winsted!"
This time Catherine really did speak aloud, and Algernon looked up in
surprised inquiry.
"I beg your pardon," she said contritely. "It was very rude of me, but
you set me off, yourself. The Wide Awake Girls are really going to be in
Winsted this summer. Don't you know about them?" as Algernon still
looked puzzled.
"Why, no. All the Winsted girls seem wide-awake enough, I should say."
"But I'm the only one who has a right to be called so in capital
letters. I'll tell you all about it, but it has been such an important
part of my life for the last year and more, that I forget every one who
knows me doesn't know about it all.
"You see, about two years ago, when I was fifteen and Hannah Eldred, who
lives in Massachusetts, was not quite fourteen, she wrote a letter to
_Wide-Awake_, the magazine, you know, asking for correspondents.
And I answered it. Several other girls did, too. One was Alice Prescott,
who lives out in Washington, and another was Frieda Lange, of Berlin,
whose mother had known Mrs. Eldred in Germany years ago. Hannah kept on
writing to the three of us, and before the end of the year she had met
us all and really lived with each of us in turn. It doesn't sound
probable, but it came about naturally enough. The Eldreds went to Berlin
for a few months and boarded at the Langes'. Then Mrs. Eldred's mother
was taken ill, and they had to come back to this country. The
grandmother lived over here at Delmar, and Father was called in
consultation and brought Hannah back to stay with me a little while; and
then, as her mother couldn't leave, they sent Hannah to Dexter, to the
preparatory department, and there she found Alice, whom she had lost
sight of for a long time. Then when I went to Dexter, I learned to know
Alice, and this year Frieda Lange is coming to America to school and she
is going to Dexter, too. Hannah is coming out for a few weeks' visit
here before college opens, and I'm going to try to get Alice at the same
time, for we've never all four been together. I am so eager about it
that I can't keep my mind on anything else very long, so that's why I
said 'Wide Awake Girls in Winsted' aloud. Isn't it an interesting
story?"
"Coincidences are always interesting," said Algernon. "And I think a
great many things that go by the name of telepathy are nothing more. I'm
keeping a record of peculiar coincidences that come under my notice.
I'll put these down, about the two happening to go to the same college,
and about the German and American girls finding their mothers were
acquainted." He produced a note-book to make an entry.
"You can't include the last one," Catherine protested. "It was because
Mrs. Lange recognized Hannah from the letter that Frieda wrote. But the
meeting between Alice and Hannah was mere chance."
Algernon closed his note-book and went placidly on as if Catherine's
story had not interrupted him:
"As I was saying, those men in Pittsburg--"
The telephone bell rang and Catherine went into the house to answer it.
"I'll have to be excused, Algernon," she said, coming back a minute
later. "Father wants something of me. You can tell me the rest another
time."
Then, as Algernon slowly got off the porch, she added impulsively:
"I marvel just to see you walk, Algernon. You know so very much! You
seem to me to be a veritable walking library."
Algernon twisted his body uncomfortably and flushed.
"I'd be more use to Winsted if I were a real one," he said, with a
wistful sound in his voice that made Catherine look at him sharply. She
waved him a smiling good-by as he went down the walk, and then turned to
her father's desk to look up some papers he wanted. Her mind, however,
still dwelt on that unexpected shade in Algernon's tone.
"I've thought of him as a mere talking machine instead of a human
being," she said to herself reproachfully. "I must make a salmon scallop
for Father's supper. Inga doesn't know how to do anything but scramble
eggs and boil potatoes, and Father's tired, I know by his voice. It
sounded tired, but Algernon's was lonely. I wonder--"
Dr. Harlow Smith and his wife, Dr. Helen, drove up to their pretty
gabled house on the hill <DW72> a few minutes later, their faces lighting
with pleasure as the tall girl in a blue apron came out to meet them.
The stable-boy came to take the horse, and Catherine escorted her
parents to the house. While they made themselves ready for supper, she
put the last orderly touches to the table in the panelled dining-room,
and was ready for them with kisses when they arrived.
The silent grace over, Catherine spoke:
"Eat and be filled, dearly beloved, because I have a new project and I
need you to be enthusiastic."
"What is it this time?" asked Dr. Harlow, serving the golden scallop
generously. "You have shown diplomacy in your choice of a dish, if I am
the one you wish to wheedle."
Dr. Helen, pouring yellow cream from a fat silver jug into thin
hexagonal cups, sent an interested glance across the table at her
daughter.
"Tell us," she said.
"It's quite new," said Catherine, hesitating a little. "In fact it's not
a half-hour old, but I do believe it is a good plan. You know Algernon
Swinburne?"
"We have met him," agreed Dr. Harlow cautiously.
"So had I!" said Catherine with sudden spirit, "and this afternoon it
came to me that I didn't know him at all. All any of us ever do to
Algernon is to avoid him,--those of us who don't laugh at him. And he's
lonely, Father! Lonely!"
"Did he tell you so?"
"No. But I suddenly knew. I've seen homesick girls at college,
and--and--well, there was a little while, just a little while, when I
was getting strong enough to do things, and before Hannah came to visit,
that I felt that way myself, so I know."
Dr. Helen's look was like a pressure of the hand, and she answered
gently:
"I think you are very likely right, Catherine. And this plan of yours is
to make Algernon less lonely?"
"Do you think he knows he's lonely?" asked Dr. Harlow. "I've thought the
boy had good stuff in him, and if he should ever wake up to the fact
that he's a bore, he might amount to something worth while. You don't
think he has, do you?"
"Not exactly," Catherine confessed, remembering the note-book's
appearance at the end of her little story. "But I think he has an
inkling that he might be of more use. I told him he was a walking
library. He does know such an amazing amount, you know! And he said
Winsted would be better off if it had a real library instead of his
kind; and then it flashed into my mind how he would love living among
books, and how fine it would be for the town if all that knowledge of
his could be used--"
"Like wasted water power?" suggested her father.
"Yes. That's just it. He has read more than any one in this town, except
you, Father dear, and you are very old-fashioned in your reading. You
never heard of some of the modern books that Algernon knows all about.
Why couldn't we start a library and have Algernon run it? It would make
people appreciate him."
"It would keep him occupied at certain hours, and assure you
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[Cover]
[Illustration: HAPPILY HE HAD A STOUT WALKING-STICK, AND AT ONCE FELLED
THE REPTILE.
_Frontispiece._ _Page_ 26.]
SKETCHES
OF
OUR LIFE AT SARAWAK
BY
HARRIETTE McDOUGALL.
_WITH MAP._
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE.
LONDON:
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,
NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C.;
43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.;
26, ST. GEORGE'S PLACE, HYDE PARK CORNER, S.W.
BRIGHTON: 135, NORTH STREET.
NEW YORK: E. & J. B. YOUNG AND CO.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTORY 7
II. THE COURT-HOUSE 13
III. COLLEGE HILL 21
IV. PIRATES 32
V. THE CHURCH AND THE SCHOOL 45
VI. THE GIRLS 58
VII. THE LUNDUS 68
VIII. A BOAT JOURNEY 82
IX. CONTINUATION OF THE TRIP TO REJANG 92
PART II.
X. RETURN TO SARAWAK 105
XI. CHINESE INSURRECTION 120
XII. CHINESE INSURRECTION (_Continued_) 139
XIII. EVENTS OF 1857 157
XIV. THE MALAY PLOT 174
PART III.
XV. THE CHILDREN'S CHAPTER 189
XVI. ILLANUN PIRATES 204
XVII. A MALAY WEDDING 215
XVIII. LAST YEARS AT SARAWAK 228
XIX. THE ISLAND OF BORNEO 239
PART I.
[Map: BORNEO]
SKETCHES OF OUR LIFE AT SARAWAK.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Nearly thirty years ago I published a little book of "Letters from
Sarawak, addressed to a Child." This book is now out of print, and, on
looking it over with a view to republication, I think it will be better
to extend the story over the twenty years that Sarawak was our home,
which will give some idea of the gradual progress of the mission.
This progress was often unavoidably impeded by the struggles of the
infant State; for war drowns the voice of the missionary, and though the
Sarawak Government always discouraged the Dyak practice of taking the
heads of their enemies, still it could not at once be checked, and every
expedition against lawless tribes, however righteous in its object,
excited the old superstitions of those wild people. When their warriors
returned from an expedition, the women of the tribe met them with dance
and song, receiving the heads they brought with ancient
ceremonies--"fondling the heads," as it was called; and for months
afterwards keeping up, by frequent feasts, in which these heads were the
chief attraction, the heathen customs which it was the object of the
missionary to discourage.
I dare say, when we first settled at Sarawak, we thought that twenty
years would plant Christian communities, and build Christian churches
all over the country: but it is as well that we cannot overlook the
future; and perhaps, considering the many difficulties which arose from
time to time, from the missionaries themselves, and the unsettled
country in which they laboured, we ought not to expect more results than
have appeared. At any rate we have much to be thankful for, and as every
year makes Sarawak a more important State, consolidates its Government,
and extends civilization to its subjects, we may look for more success
for the missionaries, who can now point to the peace and prosperity of
the people, and say, "This is the fruit of Christianity and Christian
rulers."
In giving a short account of our life in Borneo, I shall avoid alike all
political questions, or, as much as possible, individual histories among
the English community. It is already so long ago since we lived in that
lovely place, that events, trials, joys, and the usual vicissitudes of
life, are wrapt in that mellowing haze of the past, which, while it dims
the vividness of feeling, throws a robe of charity over all, and perhaps
causes actors and actions to assume a more true proportion to one
another than when we walked amongst them. I have, however, not depended
on memory alone for the records of twenty years, but have journals and
letters to refer to, which my friends in England have been good enough
to keep for me. Some parts of "Letters from Sarawak" I shall incorporate
into the present little book, for as it treats of the first six years we
lived there, and was written at that time, it is sure to be tolerably
correct.
In those days, from 1847 to 1853, Sir James Brooke was very popular in
England. The story of his first occupation of Sarawak, published in his
journals, and the cruizes of her Majesty's ships in those eastern
seas--the _Dido_ and the _Samarang_--were read with avidity, and
furnished the English public with a romance which had all the charm of
novelty. However difficult and inconvenient it might be for the English
Government to recognize a native State under an English rajah, who was
at the same time a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, this question
had not then arisen; and all classes, high and low, could applaud a
brave and noble man, who had stepped out
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L. ANNAEUS SENECA, ON BENEFITS
By Seneca
Edited by Aubrey Stewart
PREFACE
Seneca, the favourite classic of the early fathers of the church and
of the Middle Ages, whom Jerome, Tertullian, and Augustine speak of as
"Seneca noster," who was believed to have corresponded with St. Paul,
and upon whom [Footnote: On the "De Clementia," an odd subject for the
man who burned Servetus alive for differing with him.] Calvin wrote a
commentary, seems almost forgotten in modern times. Perhaps some of his
popularity may have been due to his being supposed to be the author
of those tragedies which the world has long ceased to read, but which
delighted a period that preferred Euripides to Aeschylus: while casuists
must have found congenial matter in an author whose fantastic cases of
conscience are often worthy of Sanchez or Escobar. Yet Seneca's morality
is always pure, and from him we gain, albeit at second hand, an
insight into the doctrines of the Greek philosophers, Zeno, Epicurus,
Chrysippus, &c., whose precepts and system of religious thought had in
cultivated Roman society taken the place of the old worship of Jupiter
and Quirinus.
Since Lodge's edition (fol. 1614), no complete translation of Seneca has
been published in England, though Sir Roger L'Estrange wrote paraphrases
of several Dialogues, which seem to have been enormously popular,
running through more than sixteen editions. I think we may conjecture
that Shakespeare had seen Lodge's translation, from several allusions to
philosophy, to that impossible conception "the wise man," and especially
from a passage in "All's Well that ends Well," which seems to breathe
the very spirit of "De Beneficiis."
"'Tis pity--
That wishing well had not a body in it
Which might be felt: that we, the poorer born,
Whose baser stars do shut us up in wishes,
Might with effects of them follow our friends
And show what we alone must think; which never
Returns us thanks."
"All's Well that ends Well," Act i. sc. 1.
Though, if this will not fit the supposed date of that play, he may
have taken the idea from "The Woorke of Lucius Annaeus Seneca concerning
Benefyting, that is too say, the dooing, receyving, and requyting of
good turnes, translated out of Latin by A. Golding. J. Day, London,
1578." And even during the Restoration, Pepys's ideal of virtuous and
lettered seclusion is a country house in whose garden he might sit on
summer afternoons with his friend, Sir W. Coventry, "it maybe, to read a
chapter of Seneca." In sharp contrast to this is Vahlen's preface to the
minor Dialogues, which he edited after the death of his friend Koch, who
had begun that work, in which he remarks that "he has read much of this
writer, in order to perfect his knowledge of Latin, for otherwise he
neither admires his artificial subtleties of thought, nor his childish
mannerisms of style" (Vahlen, preface, p. v., ed. 1879, Jena).
Yet by the student of the history of Rome under the Caesars, Seneca is
not to be neglected, because, whatever may be thought of the intrinsic
merit of his speculations, he represents, more perhaps even than
Tacitus, the intellectual characteristics of his age, and the tone of
society in Rome--nor could we well spare the gossiping stories which we
find imbedded in his graver dissertations. The following extract from
Dean Merivale's "History of the Romans under the Empire" will show the
estimate of him which has been formed by that accomplished writer:--
"At Rome, we, have no reason, to suppose that Christianity was only the
refuge of the afflicted and miserable; rather, if we may lay any stress
on the documents above referred to, it was first embraced by persons in
a certain grade of comfort and respectability; by persons approaching
to what we should call the MIDDLE CLASSES in their condition, their
education, and their moral views. Of this class Seneca himself was the
idol, the oracle; he was, so to speak, the favourite preacher of the
more intelligent and humane disciples of nature and virtue. Now the
writings of Seneca show, in their way, a real anxiety among this class
to raise the moral tone of mankind around them; a spirit of reform, a
zeal for the conversion of souls, which, though it never rose, indeed,
under the teaching of the philosophers, to boiling heat, still simmered
with genial warmth on the surface of society. Far different as was their
social standing-point, far different as were the foundations and the
presumed sanctions of their teaching respectively, Seneca and St.
Paul were both moral reformers; both, be it said with reverence, were
fellow-workers in the cause of humanity, though the Christian could
look beyond the proximate aims of morality and prepare men for a final
development on which the Stoic could not venture to gaze. Hence there
is so much in their principles, so much even in their language, which
agrees together, so that the one has been thought, though it must be
allowed without adequate reason, to have borrowed directly from the
other. [Footnote: It is hardly necessary to refer to the pretended
letters between St. Paul and Seneca. Besides the evidence from style,
some of the dates they contain are quite sufficient to condemn them as
clumsy forgeries. They are mentioned, but with no expression of belief
in their genuineness, by Jerome and Augustine. See Jones, "On the
Canon," ii. 80.]
"But the philosopher, be it remembered, discoursed to a large and not
inattentive audience, and surely the soil was not all unfruitful on
which his seed was scattered when he proclaimed that God dwells not
in temples of wood and stone, nor wants the ministrations of human
hands;[Footnote: Sen., Ep. 95, and in Lactantius, Inst. vi.] that He has
no delight in the blood of victims:[Footnote: Ep. 116: "Colitur Deus
non tauris sed pia et recta voluntate."] that He is near to all His
creatures:[Footnote: Ep. 41, 73.] that His Spirit resides in men's
hearts:[Footnote: Ep. 46: "S
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Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
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by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
[Illustration: H. J. Clayton]
CLAYTON'S
Quaker Cook-Book,
BEING A
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CULINARY ART
ADAPTED TO THE TASTES AND WANTS
OF ALL CLASSES.
With plain and easily understood directions for the preparation of
every variety of food in the most attractive forms. Comprising the
result of a life-long experience in catering to a host of highly
cultivated tastes.
--BY--
[Illustration: H. J. Clayton]
San Francisco:
WOMEN'S CO-OPERATIVE PRINTING OFFICE.
1883.
Copyrighted according to Act of Congress, A. D. 1883, by H. J. Clayton.
PREFACE.
One of the sacred writers of the olden time is reported to have said:
"Of the making of many books, there is no end." This remark will, to a
great extent, apply to the number of works published upon the all
important subject of Cookery. The oft-repeated saying, attributed to old
sailors, that the Lord sends victuals, and the opposite party, the
cooks, is familiar to all.
Notwithstanding the great number and variety of so-called cookbooks
extant, the author of this treatise on the culinary art, thoroughly
impressed with the belief that there is ample room for one more of a
thoroughly practical and every day life, common sense character--in
every way adapted to the wants of the community at large, and looking
especially to the preparation of healthful, palatable, appetizing and
nourishing food, both plain and elaborately compounded--and in the
preparation of which the very best, and, at the same time, the most
economical material is made use of, has ventured to present this new
candidate for the public approval. The preparation of this work embodies
the result of more than thirty years personal and practical experience.
The author taking nothing for granted, has thoroughly tested the value
and entire correctness of every direction he has given in these pages.
While carefully catering to the varied tastes of the mass, everything of
an unhealthful, deleterious, or even doubtful character, has been
carefully excluded; and all directions are given in the plainest style,
so as to be readily understood, and fully comprehended by all classes of
citizens.
The writer having been born and brought up on a farm, and being in his
younger days of a delicate constitution, instead of joining in the
rugged work of the field, remained at home to aid and assist his mother
in the culinary labors of the household. It was in this home-school--in
its way one of the best in the world, that he acquired not only a
practical knowledge of what he desires to fully impart to others, but a
taste for the preparation, in its most attractive forms, of every
variety of palatable and health-giving food. It was his early training
in this homely school that induced him to make this highly important
matter an all-absorbing theme and the subject of his entire life study.
His governing rule in this department has ever been the injunction laid
down by the chief of the Apostles: "Try all things; prove all things;
and hold fast that which is good."
INTRODUCTORY.
A Brief History of the Culinary Art, and its Principal Methods.
Cooking is defined to be the art of dressing, compounding and preparing
food by the aid of heat. Ancient writers upon the subject are of opinion
that the practice of this art followed immediately after the discovery
of fire, and that it was at first an imitation of the natural processes
of mastication and digestion. In proof of the antiquity of this art,
mention is made of it in many places in sacred writ. Among these is
notably the memoirs of the Children of Israel while journeying in the
wilderness, and their hankering after the "flesh-pots of Egypt."
Among the most enlightened people of ancient times,--cooking, if not
regarded as one of the fine arts, certainly stood in the foremost rank
among the useful. It was a highly honored vocation, and many of the most
eminent and illustrious characters of Greece and Rome did not disdain to
practice it. Among the distinguished amateurs of the art, in these
modern times, may be mentioned Alexander Dumas, who plumed himself more
upon his ability to cook famous dishes than upon his world-wide
celebrity as the author of the most popular novels of his day.
In the state in which man finds most of the substances used for food
they are difficult of digestion. By the application of heat some of
these are rendered more palatable and more easily digested, and,
consequently, that assimilation so necessary to the sustenance of life,
and the repair of the constant waste attendant upon the economy of the
human system. The application of heat to animal and vegetable
substances, for the attainment of this end, constitutes the basis of the
science of cookery.
Broiling, which was most probably the mode first resorted to in the
early practice of this art, being one of the most common of its various
operations, is quite simple and efficacious. It is especially adapted to
the wants
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from the Google Print project.)
JEWISH LITERATURE
AND OTHER ESSAYS
JEWISH LITERATURE
AND
OTHER ESSAYS
BY
GUSTAV KARPELES
PHILADELPHIA THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1895
Copyright 1895, by
THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Press of
The Friedenwald Co.
Baltimore
PREFACE
The following essays were delivered during the last ten years, in the
form of addresses, before the largest associations in the great cities
of Germany. Each one is a dear and precious possession to me. As I once
more pass them in review, reminiscences fill my mind of solemn occasions
and impressive scenes, of excellent men and charming women. I feel as
though I were sending the best beloved children of my fancy out into the
world, and sadness seizes me when I realize that they no longer belong
to me alone--that they have become the property of strangers. The living
word falling upon the ear of the listener is one thing; quite another
the word staring from the cold, printed page. Will my thoughts be
accorded the same friendly welcome that greeted them when first they
were uttered?
I venture to hope that they may be kindly received; for these addresses
were born of devoted love to Judaism. The consciousness that Israel is
charged with a great historical mission, not yet accomplished, ushered
them into existence. Truth and sincerity stood sponsor to every word. Is
it presumptuous, then, to hope that they may find favor in the New
World? Brethren of my faith live there as here; our ancient watchword,
"Sh'ma Yisrael," resounds in their synagogues as in ours; the old
blood-stained flag, with its sublime inscription, "The Lord is my
banner!" floats over them; and Jewish hearts in America are loyal like
ours, and sustained by steadfast faith in the Messianic time when our
hopes and ideals, our aims and dreams, will be realized. There is but
one Judaism the world over, by the Jordan and the Tagus as by the
Vistula and the Mississippi. God bless and protect it, and lead it to
the goal of its glorious future!
To all Jewish hearts beyond the ocean, in free America, fraternal
greetings!
GUSTAV KARPELES
BERLIN, Pesach 5652/1892.
CONTENTS
A GLANCE AT JEWISH LITERATURE
THE TALMUD
THE JEW IN THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION
WOMEN IN JEWISH LITERATURE
MOSES MAIMONIDES
JEWISH TROUBADOURS AND MINNESINGERS
HUMOR AND LOVE IN JEWISH POETRY
THE JEWISH STAGE
THE JEW'S QUEST IN AFRICA
A JEWISH KING IN POLAND
JEWISH SOCIETY IN THE TIME OF MENDELSSOHN
LEOPOLD ZUNZ
HEINRICH HEINE AND JUDAISM
THE MUSIC OF THE SYNAGOGUE
A GLANCE AT JEWISH LITERATURE
In a well-known passage of the _Romanzero_, rebuking Jewish women for
their ignorance of the magnificent golden age of their nation's poetry,
Heine used unmeasured terms of condemnation. He was too severe, for the
sources from which he drew his own information were of a purely
scientific character, necessarily unintelligible to the ordinary reader.
The first truly popular presentation of the whole of Jewish literature
was made only a few years ago, and could not have existed in Heine's
time, as the most valuable treasures of that literature, a veritable
Hebrew Pompeii, have been unearthed from the mould and rubbish of the
libraries within this century. Investigations of the history of Jewish
literature have been possible, then, only during the last fifty years.
But in the course of this half-century, conscientious research has so
actively been prosecuted that we can now gain at least a bird's-eye view
of the whole course of our literature. Some stretches still lie in
shadow, and it is not astonishing that eminent scholars continue to
maintain that "there is no such thing as an organic history, a logical
development, of the gigantic neo-Hebraic literature"; while such as are
acquainted with the results of late research at best concede that
Hebrew literature has been permitted to garner a "tender aftermath."
Both verdicts are untrue and unfair. Jewish literature has developed
organically, and in the course of its evolution it has had its
spring-tide as well as its season of decay, this again followed by
vigorous rejuvenescence.
Such opinions are part and parcel of the vicissitudes of our literature,
in themselves sufficient matter for an interesting book. Strange it
certainly is that a people without a home, without a land, living under
repression and persecution, could produce so great a literature;
stranger still, that it should at first have been preserved and
disseminated, then forgotten, or treated with the disdain of prejudice,
and finally roused from torpid slumber into robust life by the breath of
the modern era. In the neighborhood of twenty-two thousand works are
known to us now. Fifty years ago bibliographers were ignorant of the
existence of half of these, and in the libraries of Italy, England, and
Germany an untold number awaits resurrection.
In fact, our literature has not yet been given a name that recommends
itself to universal acceptance. Some have called it "Rabbinical
Literature," because during the middle ages every Jew of learning bore
the title Rabbi; others, "Neo-Hebraic"; and a third party considers it
purely theological. These names are all inadequate. Perhaps the only one
sufficiently comprehensive is "Jewish Literature." That embraces, as it
should, the aggregate of
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Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been
standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with
an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top; the
paragraph sign is shown by [p]. Underscores have been used to indicate
_italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has
been added at the end.]
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of."--Captain Cuttle.
VOL. V.--No. 120. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14. 1852.
Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._
CONTENTS.
Page
NOTES:--
The Old Countess of Desmond 145
The Imperial Eagle of France 147
Folk Lore:--Valentine's Day--Nottingham Hornblowing--Bee
Superstitions; Blessing Apple-trees;
"A Neck! a Neck!"--Hooping Cough 148
Note on the Coins of Vabalathus 148
The Agnomen of "Brother Jonathan," of Masonic
Origin 149
Minor Notes:--Hippopotamus, Behemoth--Curious
Inscription--Coins of Edward III. struck at Antwerp
in 1337 149
QUERIES:--
Is the Walrus found in the Baltic? 150
English Free Towns, by J. H. Parker 150
Minor Queries:--Bishop Hall's Resolutions--Mother
Huff and Mother Damnable--Sir Samuel Garth--German's
Lips--Richard Leveridge--Thomas Durfey--Audley
Family--Ink--Mistletoe excluded from
Churches--Blind taught to read--Hyrne, Meaning of--The
fairest Attendant of the Scottish Queen--"Soud,
soud, soud, soud!"--Key Experiments--Shield
of Hercules--"Sum Liber, et non sum," &c. 150
MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Whipping a Husband;
Hudibras--Aldus--"The last links are broken"--Under
Weigh or Way--The Pope's Eye--"History
is Philosophy" 152
REPLIES:--
Coverdale's Bible, by George Offor 153
"As Stars with Trains of Fire," &c.,
by Samuel Hickson 154
Dials, Dial Mottoes, &c. 155
Can Bishops vacate their Sees? 156
Character of a True Churchman 156
Wearing Gloves in Presence of Royalty 157
Gospel Oaks 157
The Pendulum Demonstration 158
Expurgated Quaker Bible, by Archdeacon Cotton 158
Junius Rumours 159
Wady Mokatteb not mentioned in Num. xi. 26.,
by Rev. Dr. Todd 159
Replies to Minor Queries:--Rotten Row--"Preached from a
Pulpit rather than a Tub"--Olivarius--Slavery in Scotland
--Cibber's Lives of the Poets--Theoloneum--John of
Padua--Stoke--Eliza Fenning--Ghost Stories--Autographs of
Weever and Fuller--Lines on the Bible--Hell-rake--Family
Likenesses--Grimsdyke--Portraits of Wolfe, &c. 160
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notes on Books, &c. 166
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 166
Notices to Correspondents 167
Advertisements 167
Notes.
THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND.
(_Continued from_ Vol. iv., p. 426.)
I feel much obliged to J. H. M., who writes from Bath, and has directed
my attention to Horace Walpole's "minute inquiry" respecting the "Old
Countess of Desmond," as also to "Pennant's Tours," all which I have had
opportunity of examining since I wrote to you last. The references do
not incline me to alter one word of the opinion I have ventured as to
the identity of this lady; on the contrary, with the utmost respect for
his name and services to the cause of antiquarian research, I propose to
show that Horace Walpole (whose interest in the question was, by his own
confession, but incidental, and ancillary to his historic inquiries into
the case of Richard III., and who had no direct data to go on) knew
nothing of the matter, and was quite mistaken as to the individual.
Before I proceed on this daring undertaking, I beg to say, that an
inspection of Pennant's print, called "The Old Countess of Desmond,"
_satisfies_ me that it is _not_ taken from a duplicate picture of that
in possession of the Knight of Kerry: though there certainly is a
resemblance in the faces of the two portraits, yet the differences are
many and decisive. Pennant says that there are "four other pictures in
Great Britain in the same dress, and without any difference of feature,"
besides that at Dupplin Castle, from which his print was copied; but
that of the Knight of Kerry must be reckoned as a sixth portrait, taken
at a _much more advanced period_ of life: in it the wrinkles and
features denote _extreme_ old age. The head-dresses are markedly
different, that of Pennant being a _cloth_ hood lying back from the face
in folds; in the Knight of Kerry's, the head-dress is more like a beaver
bonnet standing forward from the head, and throwing the face somewhat
into shade. In Pennant's, the cloak is plainly fastened by leathern
strap, somewhat after the manner of a laced shoe; in the other, the
fastening is a single button: but the difference most marked is this,
that the persons originally sitting for these pictures, looked opposite
ways, and, of course, presented different sides to the painter. So that,
in Pennant's plate, the _right side-face_ is forward; and in the other,
the left: therefore, these pictures are markedly and manifestly neither
the same, nor copies either of the other.
It does not concern us, in order to maintain the authority of our
_Irish_ picture, to follow up the question at issue between Pennant and
Walpole but I may here observe, that either must be wrong in an
important matter of fact. Walpole, in a note to his "Fugitive Pieces"
(Lord Orford's _Works_, vol. i. p. 210-17.), writes thus: "_Having by
permission of the Lord Chamberlain obtained a copy of the picture at
Windsor Castle, called The Countess of Desmond, I discovered that it is
not her portrait; on the back is written in an old hand, 'The Mother of
Rembrandt.'_" He then proceeds to prove the identity of this picture
with one given to King Charles I. by Sir Robert Car, "My Lord Ankrom"
(after Duke of Roxburg), and set down in the Windsor Catalogue as
"_Portrait of an old woman, with a great scarf on her head, by
Rembrandt_." Pennant's note differs from this in an essential
particular; he mentions this picture at Windsor Castle thus: "_This was
a present from Sir Robert Car, Earl of Roxburg, as is signified on the
back; above it is written with a pen,_ 'REMBRANDT' (not a word of his
_mother_), _which must be a mistake, for Rembrandt was not fourteen
years of age in 1614_, at a time when _it is certain (?) that the
Countess was not living, and... it does not appear that he ever visited
England_."
The discrepancy of these two accounts is obvious--if it "_be written in
an old hand, 'The Mother of Rembrandt,'_" on the back of the picture, it
seems strange that Pennant should _omit_ the first three words; if they
be not so written, it seems equally strange that Walpole should venture
to _add_ them. I presume the picture at Windsor is still extant; and
probably some reader of "N. & Q." having access to it, will be so good
as to settle the question of accuracy and veracity between two
gentlemen, of whom one must be guilty of _suppressio veri_, or the other
of _suggestio falsi_.
Horace Walpole, or his editor, must have corrected his "Fugitive Pieces"
since the "Strawberry Hill edition," to which J. H. M. refers, was
printed; for in the edition I have consulted, instead of saying "I can
make no sense of the word _noie_," the meaning is correctly given in a
foot-note to the inscription; and the passage given by J. H. M. is
altogether omitted from the text.
I must now proceed in my bold attempt to show that Horace Walpole knew
nothing of a matter, into which he made a "minute inquiry." This may
seem presumptuous in a tyro towards one of the old masters of
antiquarian lore and research; but I plead in apology the great advance
of the science since Horace Walpole's days, and the greater plenty of
materials for forming or correcting a judgement. It has been well said,
that a single chapter of Mr. Charles Knight's _Old England_ would full
furnish and set up an antiquarian of the last century; and this is true,
such and so many are the advantages for obtaining information, which we
modern antiquaries possess over those who are gone before us; and
lastly, to quote old Fuller's quaintness, I would say that "a dwarf on a
giant's shoulders can see farther than he who carries him:" thus do I
explain and excuse my attempt to impugn the conclusion of Horace
Walpole.
Walpole's first conjectures applied to a Countess of Desmond, whose tomb
is at Sligo in Ireland, and who was widow to that _Gerald_, the
sixteenth earl, _ingens rebellibus exemplar_, who was outlawed, and
killed in the wood of _Glanagynty_, in the county of Kerry, A.D. 1583.
Walpole applied to an Irish correspondent for copies of the inscriptions
on her tomb; but we need not follow or discuss the supposition of her
identity with "the old Countess" further, for he himself abandons it,
and writes to his Irish correspondent thus:--"_The inscriptions you have
sent me have not cleared away the difficulties relating to the Countess
of Desmond; on the contrary, they make me doubt whether the lady
interred at Sligo was the person reported to have lived to such an
immense age._"
Well might he doubt it, for in no one particular could they be
identified: _e.g._ the lady buried at Sligo made her will in 1636, and
survived to 1656,--a date long beyond the latest assigned for the demise
of "the old Countess." Sir Walter Raleigh expressly says, "the old
Countess had _held her jointure from all the Earls of Desmond since the
time of Edward IV._," a description which could not apply to the widow
of a person who did not die until 1583, in the reign of Elizabeth. There
are many other _impossibilities_ in the case, discussed by Walpole, into
which it is unnecessary to follow him.
Walpole then reverts to the issue of Thomas, the sixth Earl of Desmond,
who was compelled to surrender his earldom, A.D. 1418, for making an
"inferior marriage;" and conjectures that "the old Countess" might have
been the wife of a grandson of his born 1452, or thereabouts, who would
be, as Walpole states, "a titular earl:" but this absurd supposition is
met by the fact of our "old Countess" enjoying a jointure from all the
earls _de facto_ in another line; a provision which the widow of an
adverse claimant to the earldom could hardly have made good.
Walpole's last conjecture, following the suggestion of Smith's _History
of Cork_, fixes on the widow of Thomas (_the twelfth earl_, according to
the careful pedigree of Sir William Betham, though Smith erroneously
calls him the thirteenth earl), and asserts the identity of the "old
Countess" with a _second_ wife, called "Catherine Fitzgerald of Dromana"
(the Dacres branch of the Geraldines): for this assertion Smith, in a
footnote, quotes "the Russel MSS.," and Walpole calls this "the most
positive evidence we have." Of the MSS. referred to, I can find no
further trace, and this "positive evidence" is weakened by the silence
of Lodge's _Peerage_ as to any second marriage of the earl in question,
while, on the contrary, he gives many probabilities against it. Thomas
(moyle, or bald), twelfth earl, succeeded to his nephew, James, the
eleventh earl, in 1529, being then in extreme age, and died in five
years after; he was the second brother of James, ninth earl, murdered in
1587--whose widow I affirm the old Countess to have been. Let us not
lose sight of the fact, that the "old Countess," by general consent, was
married in the reign of Edward IV., who died 1483. And I would ask, what
probability is there that a younger brother would be already married to
a _second wife_, in the lifetime of his elder brother, who is described
as murdered "while flourishing in wealth and power at the age of
twenty-nine years?" The supposition carries improbability on the face of
it; none of the genealogies mention this second marriage at all; and Dr.
Smith, whose county histories I have had particular occasion to examine,
was, though a diligent collector of _reports_, no antiquarian authority
to rely on. Above all, it is to be remembered, that Sir Walter Raleigh
calls her "_The old Countess of Desmond of_ INCHEQUIN:" this is in
itself proof, all but positive, that the lady was an _O'Bryen_, for none
other could have "part or lot" in the hereditary designation of that
family: hence I have no hesitation in adhering to the conclusion, which,
with slight correction of dates, I have adopted from accurate
authorities, that "MARGARET O'BRIEN, WIFE OF JAMES, NINTH EARL OF
DESMOND, WHO WAS MURDERED IN 1587, WAS THE GENUINE AND ONLY 'OLD
COUNTESS.'" Upon the only point on which I venture to correct my
authority, namely, as to the date of the earl's death, I find, on
reference to an older authority than any to which we have hitherto
referred, that my emendation is confirmed. In the Annals of the Four
Masters, compiled from more ancient documents still, in the year 1636, I
find, under the date 1487, the following: "The Earl of Desmond, James
Fitzgerald, was treacherously killed by his own people at Rathgeola
(Rathkeale, co. Limerick), at the instigation of his brother John."
A. B. R.
Belmont.
THE IMPERIAL EAGLE OF FRANCE.
On reading the _Times_ of the 7th ult. at our city library, in which the
following translation of a paragraph in the French journal, _Le
Constitutionnel_, appeared, application was made to me for an
explanation of that part where the Emperor Napoleon is represented as
stating, among other advantages of preferring an eagle to a cock as the
national emblem or ensign, which, during the ancient dynasty of France,
the latter had been--
"_that it owes its origin to a pun._ I will not have the cock,
said the Emperor; it lives on the dunghill, and allows itself to
have its throat twisted by the fox. I will take the eagle, which
bears the thunderbolt, and which can gaze on the sun. The French
eagles shall make themselves respected, like the Roman eagles. The
cock, besides, has the disadvantage of owing its origin to a pun,"
&c.
Premising that the French journalist's object is to authorise the
present ruler of France's similar adoption and restoration of the noble
bird on the French standard by the example of his uncle, I briefly
stated the circumstance to which Napoleon, on this occasion, referred;
and as not unsuited, I should think, to your miscellany, I beg leave to
repeat it here.
In 1545, during the sitting of the Council of Trent, Peter Danes, one of
the most eminent ecclesiastics of France, who had been professor of
Greek, and filled several other consonant stations, appeared at the
memorable council as one of the French representatives. While there, his
colleague, Nicholas Pseaume, Bishop of Verdun, in a vehement oration,
denounced the relaxed discipline of the Italians, when Sebastian Vancius
de Arimino (so named in the "Canones et Decreta" of the Council), Bishop
of Orvietto (Urbevetanus), sneeringly exclaimed "Gallus cantat,"
dwelling on the double sense of the word Gallus--a Frenchman or a cock,
and intending to express "the cock crows;" to which Danes promptly and
pointedly responded, "Utinam et Galli cantum Petrus resipisceret," which
excited, as it deserved, the general applause of the assembly, thus
turning the insult into a triumph. The apt allusion will be made clear
by a
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Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber's Note: Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold
text by =equal signs=. A caret (^) indicates a superscript character.
* * * * *
[Illustration: IN-DOOR AMUSEMENTS.
BLIND MAN'S BUFF. NINE PINS.
FIRESIDE FUN.
WHIST. PARLOUR MAGIC.]
CASSELL'S
BOOK OF
IN-DOOR AMUSEMENTS,
CARD GAMES,
AND
FIRESIDE FUN.
With Numerous Illustrations.
_THIRD EDITION._
CASSELL, PETTER, GALPIN & CO.:
_LONDON, PARIS & NEW YORK_.
[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.]
PREFACE.
This Work is a companion volume to CASSELL'S BOOK OF SPORTS AND
PASTIMES. As the latter--with the exception of the special sections
on "Recreative Science," "The Workshop," and "Home Pets"--is
largely occupied with games and sports which are usually carried on
out-of-doors, it will be seen that the present book, which is almost
exclusively devoted to indoor games of various kinds, forms a very
fitting supplement to the other.
It has been the constant aim of the different writers to convey their
information in plain, accurate, direct fashion, so that readers may
come to understand, on the first occasion of consulting it, that
CASSELL'S BOOK OF INDOOR AMUSEMENTS, CARD GAMES, AND FIRESIDE FUN is
a Work that deserves their confidence, and may accordingly acquire
the habit of referring to it, as a matter of course, when in doubt on
any point connected with their favourite games, or when desirous of
learning new amusements. Reference has now and again been unavoidably
made to outdoor games, either by way of comparison or suggestion for
further details. In such cases the reference always has been to the
companion volume already mentioned, so that readers possessing the two
books will have no difficulty in following the instructions of the
Author. In the section on "Parlour Magic" no trick has been described
involving the use of apparatus in any degree elaborate. The one or two
tricks of a formidable character which are there fully explained have
been selected--as the text, in fact, expressly states--to show young
conjurers what can really be done with the help of long training and
expensive appliances.
In conclusion, the Editor hopes that this work may be the means of
introducing many a new game to the young folk for whom it has been his
happiness to cater. He will not tell them that all play and no work
make Jack a stupid boy, because he has no doubt that his readers are
just as fond of their lessons as they are of merry romps or quieter
games.
CONTENTS.
ROUND OR PARLOUR GAMES.
PAGE
Acting Proverbs 9
Acting Rhymes 9
Adjectives 10
Adventurers, The 10
Æsop's Mission 11
Alphabet Games 11
Artists' Menagerie, The 12
Baby Elephant, The 12
Bird-catcher, The 13
Blind man's Buff 13
Blind Postman 13
Blowing out the Candle 13
Bouts Rimés 14
"Brother, I'm Bobbed" 14
"Buff says 'Baff'" 14
Buff with the Wand 15
Capping Verses 15
Charades 15
Clairvoyant 17
Comic Concert, The 18
Consequences 18
Conveyances 19
Crambo 19
Cross Questions and Crooked Answers 20
"Cupid is Coming" 20
Cushion Dance, The 20
Definitions 21
Dumb Crambo 21
Dwarf 21
Elements, The 22
Farmyard, The 22
Feather, The 22
Finding the Ring 22
Flying 23
Forfeits 23
Giant 28
Giraffe, The 28
Grand Mufti, The 28
Hands 28
"He can do little who can't do this" 29
Hiss and Clap 29
"Hot Boiled Beans" 29
Hot Cockles 29
House Furnishers 29
"How do you like your Neighbour?" 30
"How, When, and Where?" 30
Hunt the Ring 30
Hunt the Slipper 30
Hunt the Whistle 31
"I Apprenticed my Son" 31
"I Love my Love" 31
"Jack's Alive" 31
Jolly Miller, The 32
Judge and Jury 32
Magic Answer, The 32
Magical Music 33
Magic Hats, The 33
Magic Wand, The 33
"The Minister's Cat" 34
Mixed-up Poetry 34
Musical Chair 35
"My Master has sent me unto you" 35
Nouns and Questions 35
Object Game, The 35
Old Soldier, The 36
Oranges and Lemons 36
Original Sketches 37
"Our Old Grannie doesn't like Tea" 37
Pairs 37
Person and Object 37
Pork-Butcher, The 38
Postman's Knock 38
Proverbs 38
Quaker's Meeting, The 38
Resting Wand, The 39
Retsch's Outlines 39
Reviewers, The 40
Rhymes 40
Rule of Contrary 41
Russian Gossip 41
Schoolmaster, The 41
Shadow Buff 41
Shouting Proverbs 42
"Simon says" 42
Spanish Merchant, The 42
Spanish Nobleman, The 42
Spelling Bee 43
Spoon Music 43
Stage Coach, The 44
Stool of Repentance 44
Tableaux Vivants 45
Telescope Giant, The 46
Think of a Number 46
This and That 46
Throwing Light 47
Toilet 47
Trades, The 48
Traveller's Alphabet, The 48
Twenty Questions 49
Two Hats, The 49
"What am I Doing?" 49
"What is my Thought like?" 49
Who was he? 50
Wild Beast Show, The 50
"Yes or No?" 50
TOY GAMES AND TOY-MAKING.
Æolian Harp 52
Animated Serpent 52
Annulette 53
Apple Mill 53
Apple Woman 53
Bandilor 54
Battledore and Shuttlecock 54
Bell and Hammer 54
Bird Whistles 54
Birds, Beasts, and Fishes 54
Bombardment 54
Bottle Imps 54
Brother Jonathan 55
Camera (Miniature) 55
Cannonade 55
Carpet Croquet 56
Castle Bagatelle 56
Common Whistle 56
Crack Loo 56
Cup and Ball 56
Cupolette 56
Cut-water 57
Dancing Highlander 57
Dancing Pea 57
Dart and Target 58
Dartelle 58
Decimal Game 58
Demon Bottle 58
Drawing-room Archery 59
Dutch Racquets 59
Enfield Skittles
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Haines.
A WOMAN INTERVENES
BY
ROBERT BARR
AUTHOR OF
'IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS,' 'IN A STEAMER CHAIR,' 'FROM WHOSE BOURNE,'
ETC.
WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS BY HAL HURST
1896
TO
MY FRIEND
HORACE HART
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
'I HAD NO INTENTION OF INSULTING YOU' _Frontispiece_
WENTWORTH SHOWED HER HOW TO TURN IT ROUND
MISS JENNIE ALLOWED HIM TO ADJUST THE WRAPS AROUND HER
'OH, YES! YOU WILL STAY,' CRIED THE OTHER
SHE WALKED ALONE UP AND DOWN THE PROMENADE
SHE SPRANG SUDDENLY TO HER FEET
'YOU HAVE A PRODIGIOUS HEAD FOR BUSINESS'
EDITH LONGWORTH HAD SAT DOWN BESIDE HIM
CHAPTER I.
The managing editor of the _New York Argus_ sat at his desk with a deep
frown on his face, looking out from under his shaggy eyebrows at the
young man who had just thrown a huge fur overcoat on the back of one
chair, while he sat down himself on another.
'I got your telegram,' began the editor. 'Am I to understand from it that
you have failed?'
'Yes, sir,' answered the young man, without the slightest hesitation.
'Completely?'
'Utterly.'
'Didn't you even get a synopsis of the documents?'
'Not a hanged synop.'
The editor's frown grew deeper. The ends of his
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E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Josephine Paolucci, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images
generously made available by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries
(http://www.archive.org/details/toronto)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 35120-h.htm or 35120-h.zip:
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35120/35120-h/35120-h.htm)
or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35120/35120-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See
http://www.archive.org/details/readingsnimoney00philuoft
Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by tilde characters is in bold face (~bold~).
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
An underscore followed by a letter enclosed in curly braces
indicates that the enclosed letter is a subscript. (Example:
C_{b} indicates that the "b" is a subscript).
READINGS IN MONEY AND BANKING
* * * * *
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK. BOSTON. CHICAGO. DALLAS
ATLANTA. SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO. LIMITED
LONDON. BOMBAY. CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA. LTD.
TORONTO
* * * * *
READINGS IN MONEY AND BANKING
Selected And Adapted
by
CHESTER ARTHUR PHILLIPS
Assistant Professor of Economics in Dartmouth College
and Assistant Professor of Banking in the Amos
Tuck School of Administration and Finance
New York
The Macmillan Company
1921
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 1916
By the Macmillan Company
Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1916.
Ferris Printing Company
New York City
PREFACE
Designed mainly for class room use in connection with one of the
introductory manuals on the subject of Money and Banking or of Money and
Currency, this volume, _in itself_, lays no claim to completeness. Where
its use is contemplated the problems of emphasis and proportion are,
accordingly, to be solved by the selection of one or another of the
available texts, or by the choice of supplementary lecture topics and
materials. The contents of the introductory manuals are so divergent in
character as to render possible combinations of text and readings that
will include, it is hoped, matter of such range and variety as may be
desired.
Fullness of treatment has been attempted, however, in the chapters
dealing with the important recent developments in the "mechanism of
exchange," and my aim has been throughout to select and, in many
instances, to adapt with a view to meeting the wants of those who are
interested chiefly in the modern phases of the subject.
For valuable suggestions in the preparation of the volume I am greatly
indebted to Professors F. H. Dixon and G. R. Wicker and Mr. J. M.
Shortliffe of Dartmouth, Professor Hastings Lyon of Columbia, Professor
E. E. Day of Harvard, and to my former teacher, Professor F. R.
Fairchild of Yale. I desire also to mention my great obligation to
authors and publishers who alike have generously permitted the
reproduction of copyrighted material.
CHESTER ARTHUR PHILLIPS.
Dartmouth College,
Hanover, N. H., July, 1916.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I THE ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONS OF MONEY 1
II THE EARLY HISTORY OF MONEY 10
III QUALITIES OF THE MATERIAL OF MONEY 18
IV LEGAL TENDER 26
V THE GREENBACK ISSUES 33
VI INTERNATIONAL BIMETALLISM 71
VII THE SILVER QUESTION IN THE UNITED STATES 82
VIII INDEX NUMBERS 115
IX BANKING OPERATIONS AND ACCOUNTS 121
X THE USE OF CREDIT INSTRUMENTS IN PAYMENTS
IN THE UNITED STATES 150
XI A SYMPOSIUM ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MONEY
AND GENERAL PRICES 159
XII THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD 213
XIII A PLAN FOR A COMPENSATED DOLLAR 229
XIV MONETARY SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES 246
XV THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF TRUST COMPANIES 256
XVI SAVINGS BANKS 270
XVII DOMESTIC EXCHANGE 290
XVIII FOREIGN EXCHANGE 305
XIX CLEARING HOUSES 355
XX STATE BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES SINCE THE PASSAGE
OF THE NATIONAL BANK ACT 381
XXI THE CANADIAN BANKING SYSTEM 406
XXII THE ENGLISH BANKING SYSTEM 435
XXIII THE SCOTCH BANKS 474
XXIV THE FRENCH BANKING SYSTEM 488
XXV THE GERMAN BANKING SYSTEM 526
XXVI BANKING IN SOUTH AMERICA 559
XXVII AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN THE UNITED STATES 575
XXVIII THE CONCENTRATION OF CONTROL OF MONEY AND CREDIT 606
XXIX CRISES 627
XXX THE WEAKNESSES OF OUR BANKING SYSTEM PRIOR TO
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 672
XXXI THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 723
XXXII THE EUROPEAN WAR IN RELATION TO MONEY,
BANKING AND FINANCE 797
APPENDICES 830
READINGS IN MONEY AND BANKING
CHAPTER I
THE ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
[1]In order to understand the manifold functions of a Circulating
Medium, there is no better way than to consider what are the principal
inconveniences which we should experience if we had not such a medium.
The first and most obvious would be the want of a common measure for
values of different sorts. If a tailor had only coats, and wanted to buy
bread or a horse, it would be very troublesome to ascertain how much
bread he ought to obtain for a coat, or how many coats he should give
for a horse. The calculation must be recommenced on different data,
every time he bartered his coats for a different kind of article; and
there could be no current price, or regular quotations of value. Whereas
now each thing has a current price in money, and he gets over all
difficulties by reckoning his coat at L4 or L5, and a four-pound loaf at
6_d._ or 7_d_. As it is much easier to compare different lengths by
expressing them in a common language of feet and inches, so it is much
easier to compare values by means of a common language of pounds,
shillings, and pence. In no other way can values be arranged one above
another in a scale: in no other can a person conveniently calculate the
sum of his possessions; and it is easier to ascertain and remember the
relations of many things to one thing, than their innumerable cross
relations with one another. This advantage of having a common language
in which values may be expressed, is, even by itself, so important, that
some such mode of expressing and computing them would probably be used
even if a pound or a shilling did not express any real thing, but a mere
unit of calculation. It is said that there are African tribes in which
this somewhat artificial contrivance actually prevails. They calculate
the value of things in a sort of money of account, called macutes. They
say, one thing is worth ten macutes, another fifteen, another twenty.
There is no real thing called a macute: it is a conventional unit, for
the more convenient comparison of things with one another.
This advantage, however, forms but an inconsiderable part of the
economical benefits derived from the use of money. The inconveniences of
barter are so great, that without some more commodious means of
effecting exchanges, the division of employments could hardly have been
carried to any considerable extent. A tailor, who had nothing but coats,
might starve before he could find any person having bread to sell who
wanted a coat: besides, he would not want as much bread at a time as
would be worth a coat, and the coat could not be divided. Every person,
therefore, would at all times hasten to dispose of his commodity in
exchange for anything which, though it might not be fitted to his own
immediate wants, was in great and general demand, and easily divisible,
so that he might be sure of being able to purchase with it, whatever was
offered for sale. The primary necessaries of life possess these
properties in a high degree. Bread is extremely divisible, and an object
of universal desire. Still, this is not the sort of thing required: for,
of food, unless in expectation of a scarcity, no one wishes to possess
more at once than is wanted for immediate consumption; so that a person
is never sure of finding an immediate purchaser for articles of food;
and unless soon disposed of, most of them perish. The thing which people
would select to keep by them for making purchases, must be one which,
besides being divisible, and generally desired, does not deteriorate by
keeping. This reduces the choice to a small number of articles.
By a tacit concurrence, almost all nations, at a very early period,
fixed upon certain metals, and especially gold and silver, to serve this
purpose. No other substances unite the necessary qualities in so great a
degree, with so many subordinate advantages. Next to food and clothing,
and in some climates even before clothing, the strongest inclination in
a rude state of society is for personal ornament, and for the kind of
distinction which is obtained by rarity or costliness in such ornaments.
After the immediate necessities of life were satisfied, every one was
eager to accumulate as great a store as possible of things at once
costly and ornamental; which were chiefly gold, silver, and jewels.
These were the things which it most pleased every one to possess, and
which there was most certainty of finding others willing to receive in
exchange for any kind of produce. They were among the most imperishable
of all substances. They were also portable, and containing great value
in small bulk, were easily hid; a consideration of much importance in an
age of insecurity. Jewels are inferior to gold and silver in the quality
of divisibility; and are of very various qualities, not to be accurately
discriminated without great trouble. Gold and silver are eminently
divisible, and when pure, always of the same quality; and their purity
may be ascertained and certified by a public authority.
Accordingly, though furs have been employed as money in some countries,
cattle in others, in Chinese Tartary cubes of tea closely pressed
together, the shells called cowries on the coast of Western Africa, and
in Abyssinia at this day blocks of rock salt; though even of metals, the
less costly have sometimes been chosen, as iron in Lacedaemon from
ascetic policy, copper in the early Roman republic from the poverty of
the people; gold and silver have been generally preferred by nations
which were able to obtain them, either by industry, commerce, or
conquest. To the qualities which originally recommended them, another
came to be added, the importance of which only unfolded itself by
degrees. Of all commodities, they are among the least influenced by any
of the causes which produce fluctuations of value. They fluctuate less
than almost any other things in their cost of production. And from their
durability, the total quantity in existence is at all times so great in
proportion to the annual supply, that the effect on value even of a
change in the cost of production is not sudden: a very long time being
required to diminish materially the quantity in existence, and even to
increase it very greatly not being a rapid process. Gold and silver,
therefore, are more fit than any other commodity to be the subject of
engagements for receiving or paying a given quantity at some distant
period. If the engagement were made in corn, a failure of crops might
increase the burthen of the payment in one year to fourfold what was
intended, or an exuberant harvest sink it in another to one-fourth. If
st
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Transcriber's Notes:
--Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved.
--Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been preserved.
--Punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were silently corrected.
THE BATTLE-FIELDS OF IRELAND,
FROM 1688 TO 1691:
INCLUDING
LIMERICK AND ATHLONE,
AUGHRIM
AND
THE BOYNE.
BEING AN OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE JACOBITE WAR IN IRELAND, AND THE CAUSES
WHICH LED TO IT.
"And as they tread the ruined Isle,
Where rest, at length, the lord and slave,
They'll wondering ask, how hands so vile
Could conquer hearts so brave?" MOORE
NEW YORK:
ROBERT CODDINGTON, PUBLISHER,
366 BOWERY.
1867.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867,
BY ROBERT CODDINGTON,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for
the Southern District of New York.
INTRODUCTION.
Most of the following chapters were written some time since, at the
request of the publisher, whose intention it was to present the readers
of Irish history with a portable volume, which, while removing the
necessity of wading through many tomes, would give an authentic account
of the two leading events of a very important period,--the battles of
the Boyne and Aughrim.
Having undertaken the task, and performed it to the extent of his
information, it appeared to the writer that, without some allusion to
antecedent causes and intermediate events, the book, though it should
be acceptable to some, would be quite unsatisfactory to others; and it
was concluded to make such interpolation as, without overburdening,
would render the offering more clear and comprehensive.
After collecting much matter bearing on the subject, and finding it
impossible to compress it methodically within the limits assigned, such
selections were made, from historians of every shade of opinion, as
would suffice, without distorting the parts already arranged, to give a
consecutive view of the Jacobite war in Ireland, from its inception to
its close.
As it was almost exclusively a war for religious ascendency on the
one side, and for complete civil and religious liberty on the other,
continually presenting a politico-religious aspect, it was chosen
to leave the ethological bearing to other mediums, and confine this
principally to the leading military events of the time. Hence, no
allusion whatever is made to the interior merits of either faith
dependent on the issue; nor to its exterior action, only so far as to
preserve the order of an unbroken narrative.
Having followed the war down to the battle of Aughrim, inclusive, and
reached the limit prescribed, the writer stops short of the final
event--the last siege of Limerick; and he does so as well from motive
as necessity, for he thinks that event could be more appropriately
connected with a history of "The Brigade." But whether the subject is
ever resumed by him or not, will greatly depend on the reception of
this little volume, which is now submitted to the public.
THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER I.
A Cursory View of England and Ireland anterior to the Accession of
James II 9
CHAPTER II.
The Reign of James II. in England--The Invasion of William, Prince
of Orange. From 1685 to 1688 26
CHAPTER III.
Events preceding Hostilities in Ireland--The preparatory Measures
of Tyrconnel 41
CHAPTER IV.
From the Commencement of Hostilities to the Landing of King James
in Ireland 58
CHAPTER V.
The Battle of Cladiford--The Investment of Derry--Proceedings of
Parliament 74
CHAPTER VI.
The Battle of Newtown Butler, and the Relief of Enniskillen
and Derry 90
CHAPTER VII.
The Landing of Marshal Schomberg, and his Winter Campaign 108
CHAPTER VIII.
Schomberg's Campaign continued--The Arrival of the Prince
of Orange 112
CHAPTER IX.
The Battle of the Boyne 125
CHAPTER X.
Final departure of King James--A Retrospect of his Character 152
CHAPTER XI.
The Surrender of Drogheda and Dublin--The First Siege of Athlone 160
CHAPTER XII.
The Siege of Limerick 174
CHAPTER XIII.
The Arrival of the Duke of Marlborough--The Siege of Cork
and Kinsale 193
CHAPTER XIV.
The Winter of 1690 206
CHAPTER XV.
Arrival of St. Ruth--Ginckle takes the field 222
CHAPTER XVI.
The Siege of Athlone 239
CHAPTER XVII.
The Interval from July 1st to the 12th 267
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Battle of Aughrim 292
THE BATTLE-FIELDS OF IRELAND.
CHAPTER I.
A CURSORY VIEW OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND ANTERIOR TO THE ACCESSION OF
JAMES II.
Few monarchs ever ascended the English throne under more unfavorable
auspices than James II. Though he reached it in the order of legitimate
right, it was at a time when the monarchy of England was well-nigh
divested of its most vital prerogatives, and when the voice of the
sovereign had little more weight in the national councils than that
of any ordinarily dissentient member; and to this were superadded
rivalries, jealousies, and hatreds, which having their sources in
remoter times, gathered strength like the rivers, and grew deeper and
darker in their course.
As a representative of Scottish royalty, he inherited many a bitter
memory from Bannockburn to Flodden, and as a descendant of the
unfortunate Mary, he was an object of hatred to the old reform families
of England, with whom her persecutor, Elizabeth, was still a hallowed
memory; he was a grandson of James I., whom neither the acquisition
of a kingdom, nor the confiscation of Ireland,--so grateful to every
English adventurer,--could redeem from national contempt; a son of
Charles I., whom the revolutionary elements evoked in Church and
State by the pedantry of his father, had brought to the scaffold; and
brother to the second Charles, one of the most indolent and dissolute
monarchs that ever disgraced a throne. Through the last three reigns,
the name of Stuart had been a term of distrust or hatred, both to the
High Church party of England, and the fanatics of Scotland; but through
some unaccountable cause, it had one, and only one, abiding-place,--the
heart of Catholic Ireland,--whose people, through every phase of that
dynasty, had experienced nothing but treachery, confiscation, and
proscription.
Other circumstances, too, though of a domestic nature, tended to
establish the unpopularity of James, and to raise up difficulties in
his road to royalty. In 1671, his wife, the Duchess of York, though
nominally a Protestant, died in communion with the Catholic Church, and
from that time forward he himself made open profession of Catholicity.
Towards the beginning of 1673 he was married to Mary of Modena, a
Catholic, and the daughter of a royal house then in close alliance
with France. The Parliament, which met shortly after, expressed great
indignation at this event, and gave practical effect to its resentment.
A declaration of indulgence which had been issued by Charles in 1671,
granting to dissenters from the High Church the public observance
of their religion, and to Roman Catholics the right to hear Mass in
private houses, was censured, and repealed in its application to the
Catholics. In this session was also passed the "Test Act," which
continued in full legal force down to the reign of George IV., and
which, with some modifications, is virtually observed at the present
day. By the passage of this act, every Catholic official in the realm
was removed, and the Duke of York lost the command of the British navy,
in which he had won high distinction, and which he had brought to a
greater degree of efficiency than it had hitherto known. These and
similar marks of disapprobation were specially meant for James, who was
then heir-presumptive, and showed him the dangers that beset his way
to the throne. He, however, continued on unwavering in his principles,
while every exercise of conscience on his part was met by a check on
the king's prerogative, or a direct censure on
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THE ORIENTAL RUG
[Illustration:
PLATE I.
ANTIQUE LADIK
_Prayer Rug_
FROM THE COLLECTION OF MR. GEORGE H. ELLWANGER
Size: 3.10 x 6]
THE ORIENTAL RUG
A MONOGRAPH ON
EASTERN RUGS AND CARPETS,
SADDLE-BAGS, MATS & PILLOWS.
WITH A CONSIDERATION OF KINDS
AND CLASSES, TYPES, BORDERS,
FIGURES, DYES, SYMBOLS ETC.
TOGETHER WITH SOME PRACTICAL
ADVICE TO COLLECTORS.
BY W. D. ELLWANGER
Author of
"A Summer Snowflake"
NEW YORK:
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY.
1909
_Copyright, 1903_
BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
Published September, 1903
PREFACE
That Oriental rugs are works of art in the highest sense of the term, and
that fine antique specimens, of even modest size, have a financial value
of ten, fifteen, or thirty-eight thousand dollars, has been recently
determined at public auction. At this auction, several nations had a
representative voice in the bidding, and the standard of price was fairly
established. The value of rugs may have been imaginary and sentimental
heretofore; it is now a definite fact, with figures apparently at the
minimum. What the maximum may prove, remains to be seen.
Choice old rugs, therefore, to-day come into the same class with genuine
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THE
STARVATION TREATMENT
OF DIABETES
With a Series of Graduated Diets used at the
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
by
LEWIS WEBB HILL, M.D.
_Children's Hospital, Boston_
and
RENA S. ECKMAN
_Dietitian, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston_
With an Introduction
by
RICHARD C. CABOT, M.D.
_Second Edition_
Boston, Mass.
W. M. LEONARD
1916
Copyrighted 1915
by
W. M. Leonard
Second Edition
First Edition Printed August, 1915
Second Edition Printed January, 1916
Second Edition Reprinted April, 1916
INTRODUCTION.
Although Dr. Allen's modifications of the classical treatment of
saccharine diabetes have been in use only for about two years in the
hands of their author, and for a much shorter time in those of other
physicians, it seems to me already clearly proven that Dr. Allen has
notably advanced our ability to combat the disease.
One of the difficulties which is likely to prevent the wide adoption
of his treatment is the detailed knowledge of food composition and
calorie value which it requires. Dr. Hill's and Miss Eckman's little
book should afford substantial aid to all who have not had opportunity
of working out in detail the progressive series of diets which should
be used after the starvation period. These diets, worked out by Miss
Eckman, head of
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[Frontispiece: "YOU HAVE MADE ME ONCE MORE IN LOVE WITH THE GOODNESS OF
GOD, IN LOVE WITH LIFE" See page 325]
Adrian
Savage
A Novel
BY LUCAS MALET
AUTHOR OF
"SIR RICHARD CALMADY"
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK AND LONDON
MCMXI
[Illustration: Title page]
COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY HARPER & BROTHERS
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
PUBLISHED OCTOBER, 1911
TO
GABRIELLE FRANCESCA LILIAN MARY
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED. UPON
HER BIRTHDAY. AS A LOVE-TOKEN
BY
LUCAS MALET
THE ORCHARD, EVERSLEY AUGUST 28, 1911
CONTENTS
I
CONCERNING THE DEAD AND THE LIVING
CHAP.
I. In which the Reader is Invited to Make the Acquaintance of the Hero
of this Book
II. Wherein a Very Modern Young Man Tells a Time-Honored Tale with but
Small Encouragement
III. Telling How René Dax Cooked a Savory Omelette, and Why Gabrielle
St. Leger Looked Out of an Open Window at Past Midnight
IV. Climbing the Ladder
V. Passages from Joanna Smyrthwaite's Locked Book
VI. Some Consequences of Putting New Wine into Old Bottles
VII. In which Adrian Helps to Throw Earth into an Open Grave
VIII. A Modern Antigone
II
THE DRAWINGS UPON THE WALL
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THE WITCH OF PRAGUE
A FANTASTIC TALE
By F. Marion Crawford
CHAPTER I
A great multitude of people filled the church, crowded together in
the old black pews, standing closely thronged in the nave and aisles,
pressing shoulder to shoulder even in the two chapels on the right and
left of the apse, a vast gathering of pale men and women whose eyes
were sad and in whose faces was written the history of their nation. The
mighty shafts and pilasters of the Gothic edifice rose like the stems of
giant trees in a primeval forest from a dusky undergrowth, spreading out
and uniting their stony branches far above in the upper gloom. From the
clerestory windows of the nave an uncertain light descended halfway to
the depths and seemed to float upon the darkness below as oil upon the
water of a well. Over the western entrance the huge fantastic organ
bristled with blackened pipes and dusty gilded ornaments of colossal
size, like some enormous kingly crown long forgotten in the lumber
room of the universe, tarnished and overlaid with the dust of ages.
Eastwards, before the rail which separated the high altar from the
people, wax torches, so thick that a man might not span one of them with
both his hands, were set up at irregular intervals, some taller, some
shorter, burning with steady, golden flames, each one surrounded with
heavy funeral wreaths, and each having a tablet below it, whereon were
set forth in the Bohemian idiom, the names, titles, and qualities of
him or her in whose memory it was lighted. Innumerable lamps and tapers
before the side altars and under the strange canopied shrines at the
bases of the pillars, struggled ineffectually with the gloom, shedding
but a few sickly yellow rays upon the pallid faces of the persons
nearest to their light.
Suddenly the heavy vibration of a single pedal note burst from the
organ upon the breathing silence, long drawn out, rich, voluminous,
and imposing. Presently, upon the massive bass, great chords grew up,
succeeding each other in a simple modulation, rising then with the
blare of trumpets and the simultaneous crash of mixtures, fifteenths
and coupled pedals to a deafening peal, then subsiding quickly again
and terminating in one long sustained common chord. And now, as the
celebrant bowed at the lowest step before the high altar, the voices of
the innumerable congregation joined the harmony of the organ, ringing
up to the groined roof in an ancient Slavonic melody, melancholy
and beautiful, and rendered yet more unlike all other music by the
undefinable character of the Bohemian language, in which tones softer
than those of the softest southern tongue alternate so oddly with rough
gutturals and strident sibilants.
The Wanderer stood in the midst of the throng, erect, taller than the
men near him, holding his head high, so that a little of the light from
the memorial torches reached his thoughtful, manly face, making the
noble and passionate features to stand out clearly, while losing its
power of illumination in the dark beard and among the shadows of his
hair. His was a face such as Rembrandt would have painted, seen under
the light that Rembrandt loved best; for the expression seemed to
overcome the surrounding gloom by its own luminous quality, while the
deep gray eyes were made almost black by the wide expansion of the
pupils; the dusky brows clearly defined the boundary in the face between
passion and thought, and the pale forehead, by its slight recession into
the shade from its middle prominence, proclaimed the man of heart, the
man of faith, the man of devotion, as well as the intuitive nature of
the delicately sensitive mind and the quick, elastic qualities of the
man's finely organized, but nervous bodily constitution. The long white
fingers of one hand stirred restlessly, twitching at the fur of his
broad lapel which was turned back across his chest, and from time to
time he drew a deep breath and sighed, not painfully, but wearily and
hopelessly, as a man sighs who knows that his happiness is long past
and that his liberation from the burden
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VOLUME VII (OF 8)***
E-text prepared by Paul Murray, Lisa Reigel, and the Project Gutenberg
Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
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The index for the entire 8 volume set of _History of
the English People_ was located at the end of Volume
VIII. For ease in accessibility, it has been removed
and produced as a separate volume
(http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/25533).
HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH PEOPLE
by
JOHN RICHARD GREEN, M.A.
Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford
VOLUME VII
THE REVOLUTION, 1683-1760. MODERN ENGLAND, 1760-1767
London
MacMillan and Co., Ltd.
New York: MacMillan & Co.
1896
First Edition 1879; Reprinted 1882, 1886, 1891.
Eversley Edition, 1896.
CONTENTS
BOOK VIII
THE REVOLUTION. 1683-1760
CHAPTER III
PAGE
THE FALL OF THE STUARTS. 1683-1714. 1
CHAPTER IV
THE HOUSE OF HANOVER. 1714-1760. 147
BOOK IX
MODERN ENGLAND. 1760-1815
CHAPTER I
ENGLAND AND ITS EMPIRE. 1760-1767. 273
CHAPTER III
THE FALL OF THE STUARTS
1683-1714
[Sidenote: The King's Triumph.]
In 1683 the Constitutional opposition which had held Charles so long in
check lay crushed at his feet. A weaker man might easily have been led
to play the mere tyrant by the mad outburst of loyalty which greeted his
triumph. On the very day when the crowd around Russell's scaffold were
dipping their handkerchiefs in his blood as in the blood of a martyr the
University of Oxford solemnly declared that the doctrine of passive
obedience even to the worst of rulers was a part of religion. But
Charles saw that immense obstacles still lay in the road of a mere
tyranny. Ormond and the great Tory party which had rallied to his
succour against the Exclusionists were still steady for parliamentary
and legal government. The Church was as powerful as ever, and the
mention of a renewal of the Indulgence to Nonconformists had to be
withdrawn before the opposition of the bishops. He was careful therefore
during the few years which remained to him to avoid the appearance of
any open violation of public law. He suspended no statute. He imposed no
tax by Royal authority. Galling to the Crown as the freedom of the press
and the Habeas Corpus Act were soon found to be, Charles made no attempt
to curtail the one or to infringe the other. But while cautious to avoid
rousing popular resistance, he moved coolly and resolutely forward on
the path of despotism. It was in vain that Halifax pressed for energetic
resistance to the aggressions of France, for the recall of Monmouth, or
for the calling of a fresh Parliament. Like every other English
statesman he found he had been duped. Now that his work was done he was
suffered to remain in office but left without any influence in the
government. Hyde, who was created Earl of Rochester, still remained at
the head of the Treasury; but Charles soon gave more of his confidence
to the supple and acute Sunderland, who atoned for his desertion of the
king's cause in the heat of the Exclusion Bill by an acknowledgement of
his error and a pledge of entire accordance with the king's will.
[Sidenote: New Town Charters.]
The protests both of Halifax and of Danby, who was now released from the
Tower, in favour of a return to Parliaments were treated with
indifference, the provisions of the Triennial Act were disregarded, and
the Houses remained unassembled during the remainder of the king's
reign. His secret alliance with France furnished Charles with the funds
he immediately required, and the rapid growth of the customs through the
increase of English commerce promised to give him a revenue which, if
peace were preserved, would save him from any further need of fresh
appeals to the Commons. Charles was too wise however to look upon
Parliaments as utterly at an end: and he used this
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from the Google Print project.)
ELEMENTARY THEOSOPHY
L. W. ROGERS
LOS ANGELES
THEOSOPHICAL BOOK CONCERN
1917
Copyright
By
L. W. Rogers
1917
PREFACE
To comprehend the significance of great world changes, before Time has
fully done his work, is difficult. While mighty events are still in
their formative period the future is obscure. But our inability to
outline the future cannot blind us to the unmistakable trend of the
evolutionary forces at work. One thing that is clear is that our boasted
Christian civilization is the theater in which has been staged the most
un-Christian war of recorded history and in which human atrocity has
reached a point that leaves us vaguely groping for a rational
explanation of it. Another obvious fact is that the more than twenty
nations involved have been forced into measures and methods before
unknown and which wholly transform the recognized function and powers of
governments. With these startling facts of religious and political
significance before us thoughtful people are beginning to ask if we are
not upon the threshold of
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[Illustration: frontispiece]
MRS. LOUDON’S
ENTERTAINING NATURALIST,
BEING
POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS, TALES, AND
ANECDOTES
OF MORE THAN
FIVE HUNDRED ANIMALS.
_A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED_.
BY
W. S. DALLAS, F.L.S.
LONDON:
BELL & DALDY, 6, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
1867.
LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET
AND CHARING CROSS.
_PREFACE._
MRS. LOUDON’S _Entertaining Naturalist_ has been so deservedly popular
that the publishers, in preparing a new edition, have striven to render
it still more worthy of the reputation it has obtained. For this
purpose, it has been very thoroughly revised and enlarged by Mr. W. S.
Dallas, Member of the Zoological Society, and Curator of the Museum of
Natural History at York, and several illustrations have been added.
In its present form, it is not only a complete Popular Natural History
of an entertaining character, with an illustration of nearly every
animal mentioned, but its instructive introductions on the
Classification of Animals adapt it well for use as an elementary Manual
of the Natural History of the Animal Kingdom for the use of the Young.
INTRODUCTION.
ZOOLOGY is that branch of Natural History which treats of animals, and
embraces not only their structure and functions, their habits,
instincts, and utility, but their names and systematic arrangement.
Various systems have been proposed by different naturalists for the
scientific arrangement of the animal kingdom, but that of Cuvier, with
some modifications, is now thought the best, and a sketch of it will be
found under the head of the Modern System in this Introduction. As,
however, the System of Linnæus was formerly in general use, and is still
often referred to, it has been thought advisable to give a sketch of it
first; that the reader may be aware of the difference between the old
system and the new one.
_LINNÆAN SYSTEM._
According to the system of Linnæus, the objects comprehended within the
animal kingdom were divided into six classes: Mammalia or Mammiferous
Animals, Birds, Amphibia or Amphibious Animals, Fishes, Insects, and
Worms, which were thus distinguished:
CLASSES.
{ With vertebræ { Hot Blood { Viviparous I. MAMMALIA.
{ { { Oviparous II. BIRDS.
Body { { Cold red Blood { With lungs III. AMPHIBIA.
{ { With gills IV. FISHES.
{ Without vertebræ Cold white Blood { Having antennæ V. INSECTS.
{ Having tentacula VI. WORMS.
ORDERS OF MAMMALIA.
The first class, or Mammalia, consists of such animals as produce living
offspring, and nourish their young ones with milk supplied from their
own bodies; and it comprises both the quadrupeds and the cetacea.
This class was divided by Linnæus into seven Orders: viz. _primates_,
_bruta_, _feræ_, _glires_, _pecora_, _belluæ_, and _cetacea_ (this order
was called Cete by Linnæus) or whales. The characteristics of these were
founded, for the most part, on the number and arrangement of the teeth;
and on the form and construction of the feet, or of those parts in the
seals, manati, and cetacea, which supply the place of feet:
I. PRIMATES.--Having the upper front teeth, generally four in
number, wedge-shaped, and parallel; and two teats situated on the
breast, as the apes and monkeys.
II. BRUTA.--Having no front teeth in either jaw; and the feet armed
with strong hoof-like nails, as the elephant.
III. FERÆ.--Having in general six front teeth in each jaw; a single
canine tooth on each side in both jaws; and the grinders with conic
projections, as the dogs and cats.
IV. GLIRES.--Having in each jaw two long projecting front teeth,
which stand close together; and no canine teeth in either jaw, as
the rats and mice.
V. PECORA.--Having no front teeth in the upper jaw; six or eight in
the lower jaw, situated at a considerable distance from the
grinders; and the feet with hoofs, as cattle and sheep.
VI. BELLUÆ.--Having blunt wedge-shaped front teeth in both jaws;
and the feet with hoofs, as horses.
VII. CETACEA.--Having spiracles or breathing-holes on the head;
fins instead of fore feet; and a tail flattened horizontally,
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Female Scripture Biography:
Including an Essay on What Christianity Has Done for Women.
By Francis Augustus Cox, A.M.
"It is a necessary charity to the (female) sex to acquaint them with their
own value, to animate them to some higher thoughts of themselves, not to
yield their suffrage to those injurious estimates the world hath made of
them, and from a supposed incapacity of noble things, to neglect the
pursuit of them, from which God and nature have no more precluded the
feminine than the masculine part of mankind."
The Ladies' Calling, Pref.
VOL. II.
BOSTON:
LINCOLN & EDMANDS.
1831.
Contents of Vol. I.
Essay
The Virgin Mary--Chapter I.
Section I.
Congratulation of the angel Gabriel--advantages of the Christian
dispensation--Eve and Mary compared--state of Mary's family at the
incarnation--she receives an angelic visit--his promise to her of a son,
and prediction of his future greatness--Mary goes to Elizabeth, their
meeting--Mary's holy enthusiasm and remarkable language--Joseph informed
of the miraculous conception by an angel--general remarks
Section II.
Nothing happens by chance--dispensations preparatory to the coming of
Christ--prophecy of Micah accomplished by means of the decree of
Augustus--Mary supernaturally strengthened to attend upon her new-born
infant--visit of the shepherds Mary's reflections--circumcision of the
child--taken to the temple--Simeon's rapture and prediction--visit and
offerings of the Arabian philosophers--general considerations
Section III.
The flight into Egypt--Herod's cruel proceedings and death--Mary goes to
Jerusalem with Joseph--on their return their Child is missing--they find
him among the doctors--he returns with them, the feast of Cana--Christ's
treatment of his mother when she desired to speak to him--her behaviour
at the crucifixion--she is committed to the care of John--valuable
lessons to be derived from this touching scene
Section IV.
Brief account of the extravagant regard which has been paid to the
Virgin Mary at different periods--the names by which she has been
addressed, and the festivals instituted to honour her memory--general
remarks on the nature and character of superstition, particularly that
of the Catholics
Elizabeth--Chapter II.
The angelic appearance to Zacharias--birth of John characters of
Elizabeth and Zacharias--importance of domestic union being founded on
religion, shown in them--their venerable age--the characteristic
features of their piety--the happiness of a life like theirs--the effect
it is calculated to produce on others--the perpetuation of holy
friendship through immortal ages--the miserable condition of the
irreligious
Anna--Chapter III.
Introduction of Anna into the sacred story--inspired description of
her--the aged apt to be unduly attached to life--Anna probably religious
at an early period--Religion the most substantial support amidst the
infirmities of age--the most effectual guard against its vices--and the
best preparation for its end
The Woman of Samaria--Chapter IV.
Account of Christ's journey through Samaria--he arrives at Jacob's
well--enters into conversation with a woman of the country--her
misapprehensions--the discovery of his character to her as a prophet her
convictions--her admission of his claim as the true Messiah, which she
reports in the city--the great and good effect--reflections
The Woman Who Was a Sinner--Chapter V.
Jesus and John contrasted--the former goes to dine at the house of a
Pharisee--a notorious woman introduces herself, and weeps at his
feet--remarks on true repentance and faith, as exemplified in her
conduct--surmises of Simon the Pharisee--the answer of Jesus the woman
assured of forgiveness--instructions deducible from the parable
The Syrophenician--Chapter VI.
Introductory observations--Christ could not be concealed the
Syrophenician woman goes to him on account of her daughter--her
humility--earnestness--faith--the silence of Christ upon her application
to him--the disciples repulsed--the woman's renewed importunity--the
apparent scorn with which it is treated--her admission of the
contemptuous insinuation--her persevering ardour--her ultimate
success--the necessity of being importunate in prayer--remarks on the
woman's national character--present state of the Jews: the hope of their
final restoration,
Martha and Mary--Chapter VII.
Bethany distinguished as the residence of a pious family, which
consisted of Lazarus and his two sisters--their diversity of
character--the faults of Martha, domestic vanity and fretfulness of
temper--her counterbalancing excellencies--Mary's choice and Christ's
commendation--decease of Lazarus--his restoration to life at the voice
of Jesus--remarks on death being inflicted upon the people of God as
well as others--the triumph which Christianity affords over this
terrible evil--account of Mary's annointing the feet of Jesus, and his
vindication of her conduct
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The Squire's Little Girl
By L.T. Meade
Illustrations by Lewis Baumer
Published by W and R Chambers, Ltd, London and Edinburgh.
This edition dated 1902.
The Squire's Little Girl, by L.T. Meade.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
THE SQUIRE'S LITTLE GIRL, BY L.T. MEADE.
CHAPTER ONE.
The Squire's little daughter rode her pony down the avenue. She stopped
for a moment at the gate, and the children at the other side could get a
good view of her. There were four children, and they pressed together
and nudged each other, and took in the small erect figure, and her
sturdy pony, with open eyes and lips slightly apart. The Squire's
daughter was a fresh arrival at Harringay. Her existence had always
been known, the children of the village and the children of the Rectory
had talked of her, but she had never come to live amongst them until
now, for her mother had died at her birth, and her father had gone to
live abroad, and Phyllis, the one child of his house, had been with him.
Now he had returned; Phyllis was twelve years old; the Hall was open
once more, full of servants and full of guests, and Phyllis Harringay
rode her pony in full view of the Rectory children. Phyllis had a
thick, rather short bush of tawny hair. Her eyes were of a grey blue,
her little features were short and straight, and her small face had many
freckles on it. She was by no means a pretty child, but there was
something piquant and at the same time dignified about her. She stopped
now to speak to Mrs Ashley, the woman at the Lodge; and the children
pressed a little nearer, and Ralph touched Rose, and Rose nodded to
Susie, and all three gazed at Edward with the same question on each pair
of lips and in each pair of eyes.
"Shall we introduce ourselves," said Susie to her brother. "Do say yes,
Ned; it is such an opportunity, and we are longing to know her. Do say
that we may speak to her now."
But Ned shook his head. "It is not manners," he said; "we must not push
ourselves on her. If, indeed, we could do anything for her it would be
different."
And just then, as if to help the children in their darling wish, the
white gates which led to the Hall refused to open at Phyllis's push, and
Ned and Ralph both rushed to the rescue.
"Thank you," said Phyllis, with a toss of her head and a smile in her
bright eyes. Then she paused and looked the boys all over. They were
sturdy little chaps, and Ned in particular had the brightest brown eyes
and the most honest face in the world.
"It is awfully dull, isn't it?" said the Squire's daughter. "I wonder
how any one can live in a place like this. Are there more than two of
you, and have you lived here always?"
"There are more than two of us," answered Ned, lifting his cap in the
most polite manner, "and we don't find it dull. Here are my two
sisters," he added; "may we introduce ourselves to you?"
"Oh, what a funny speech, and how nice it sounds!" cried Phyllis. "Four
of you, and all children! I haven't spoken to anything approaching a
child for a whole fortnight. If it wasn't for Bob here,"--she laid her
hand on her pony's mane as she spoke--"I believe I should lose my
senses."
"Well, you are all right now," said Ned, who certainly never lost his.
"Here's Susie, and she's dying to know you; and here's Rosie, and I do
believe she'd let her hair be cut short just for the pleasure of looking
at you. And here am I, at your service; and I think I can promise that
Ralph will do everything for you that boy could."
Phyllis's little face turned quite a bright pink. She glanced eagerly
at both the girls, then she looked at Ralph, and finally she laughed.
"Let's be friends," she said. "I don't know who you are nor anything
about you, but, oh, you are human beings, you are children! and I am so
glad--I am so glad."
As she said the last words she held out her hand to Ned. He clasped it,
and then let it drop, while the colour filled his own brown face.
"This makes all the difference in the world," said Phyllis. "What shall
we
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[Illustration: Cover art]
[Frontispiece: HE THREW HIMSELF UPON THE GROUND. _See page 136_]
ROGER DAVIS
LOYALIST
BY
FRANK BAIRD
WITH FOUR ILLUSTRATIONS
Toronto
THE MUSSON BOOK COMPANY LIMITED
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. THE OUTBREAK
II. AMONG ENEMIES
III. MADE PRISONER
IV. PRISON EXPERIENCES
V. THE TRIAL AND ESCAPE
VI. KING OR PEOPLE?
VII. THE DIE CAST
VIII. OFF TO NOVA SCOTIA
IX. IN THE 'TRUE NORTH'
X. THE TREATY
XI. HOME-MAKING BEGUN
XII. FACING THE FUTURE
XIII. THE GOVERNOR'S PERIL
XIV. VICTORY AND REWARD
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
HE THREW HIMSELF UPON THE GROUND......... _Frontispiece_
SHE MOTIONED ME TO MY FATHER'S EMPTY CHAIR
'THAT MAN,' I SAID, TURNING AND FACING THE 'COLONEL,'
WHO SAT PALE AND SHIVERING
'THIS IS NOVA SCOTIA,' HE SAID, POINTING TO THE MAP
Roger Davis, Loyalist
Chapter I
The Outbreak
It was Duncan Hale, the schoolmaster, who first brought us the news.
When he was half-way from the gate to the house, my mother met him. He
bowed very low to her, and then, standing with his head uncovered--from
my position in the hall--I heard him distinctly say, 'Your husband,
madam, has been killed, and the British who went out to Lexington under
Lord Percy have been forced to retreat into Boston, with a loss of two
hundred and seventy-three officers and men.'
The schoolmaster bowed again, one of those fine, sweeping, old-world
bows which he had lately been teaching me with some impatience, I
thought; then without further speech he moved toward the little gate.
But I had caught a look of keen anxiety on his face as he addressed my
mother. Once outside the garden, he stooped forward, and, breaking
into a run, crouching as he went as though afraid of being seen, he
soon disappeared around a turn in the road.
My mother stood without speaking or moving for some moments. The birds
in the blossom-shrouded trees of the garden were shrieking and
chattering in the flood of April sunlight; I felt a draught of perfumed
air draw into the hall. Then a mist that had been heavy all the
morning on the Charles River, suddenly faded into the blue, and I could
see clearly over to Boston, three miles away.
I shall not soon forget the look on my mother's face as she turned and
came toward me. I have wondered since if it were not born of a high
resolve then made, to be put into effect later. She was not in tears
as I thought she would be. There were no signs of grief on her face,
but instead her whole countenance seemed illuminated with a strangely
noble look. I was puzzled at this; but when I remembered that my
mother was the daughter of an English officer who was killed while
serving under Wolfe at Quebec, I understood.
In a firm voice she repeated to me the words I had already heard, then
she passed up the stairs. In a few moments I heard her telling my two
sisters Caroline and Elizabeth--they were both younger than
myself--that it was time to get up. After that I heard my mother go to
her own room and shut the door. In the silence that followed this I
fell to thinking.
Was my father really dead? Could it be that the British had been
repulsed? Duncan Hale had been telling me for weeks that war was
coming, but I had not thought his prophecy would be fulfilled. Now I
understood why he had come so often to visit my father; and why, during
the past month, he had seemed so absent-minded in school. My
preparation for going to Oxford in the autumn, over which he had been
so enthusiastic, appeared to have been completely pushed out of his
mind. I had once overheard my father caution him to keep his visits to
Lord Percy strictly secret. I was wondering if the part he had played
might have any ill consequences for him and for us, when my mother's
footsteps sounded on the stairs. She came at once to where I had been
standing for some moments, caught me in her arms, and, without
speaking, held me close for a moment, and then pressed a kiss on my
forehead.
'Go, Roger,' she said, 'and find Peter and Dora. Bring them to the
library, and wait there till I come with your sisters.'
I was turning to obey, when I caught a glimpse through the hall doorway
of two rebel soldiers galloping up. They had evidently come from
Boston. At sight of my mother, one of them addressed her with an
unmannerly shout that sent the blood pulsing up to my cheeks in anger.
What my mother had been thinking I did not know; but from that moment a
great passion seized me. That shout which almost maddened me, had, I
can see in looking back over it all, much to do in making me a
Loyalist, and in sending me to Canada.
The soldiers looked in somewhat critically, but passed. They were
rough looking men, poorly mounted and badly dressed. My mother
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courtesy of the Digital Library@Villanova University
(http://digital.library.villanova.edu/))
MOTOR STORIES
THRILLING
ADVENTURE
MOTOR
FICTION
No. 29
SEPT. 11, 1909
FIVE
CENTS
MOTOR MATT'S
MAKE UP
OR PLAYING
A NEW ROLE
_BY
THE AUTHOR
OF
"MOTOR MATT"_
_Street & Smith
Publishers
New York_
[Illustration: _"Maskee!" cried the astounded Hindoo as Motor Matt
leaped at him_]
MOTOR STORIES
THRILLING ADVENTURE MOTOR FICTION
_Issued Weekly. By subscription $2.50 per year. Copyright, 1909, by_
STREET & SMITH, _79-89 Seventh Avenue, New York, N. Y._
=No. 29.= NEW YORK, September 11, 1909. =Price Five Cents.=
MOTOR MATT'S MAKE-UP;
OR,
PLAYING A NEW RÔLE.
By the author of "MOTOR MATT."
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. HIGH JINKS IN THE SIDE SHOW.
CHAPTER II. THE "BARKER" SHOWS HIS TEETH.
CHAPTER III. THE MAN FROM WASHINGTON.
CHAPTER IV. A CLUE IN HINDOOSTANEE.
CHAPTER V. SOMETHING WRONG.
CHAPTER VI. A BLUNDER IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
CHAPTER VII. THE HOUSE WITH THE GREEN SHUTTERS.
CHAPTER VIII
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THE BROTHER OF DAPHNE
by
Dornford Yates
Chapter I Punch and Judy
Chapter II Clothes and the man
Chapter III When it was dark
Chapter IV Adam and New Year's eve
Chapter V The Judgement of Paris
Chapter VI Which to adore
Chapter VII Every picture tells a story
Chapter VIII The Busy Beers
Chapter IX A point of honour
Chapter X Pride goeth before
Chapter XI The love scene
Chapter XII The order of the bath
Chapter XIII A lucid interval
Chapter XIV A private view
Chapter XV All found
CHAPTER I
PUNCH AND JUDY
"I said you'd do something," said Daphne, leaning back easily in her
long chair.
I stopped swinging my legs and looked at her.
"Did you, indeed," I said coldly.
My sister nodded dreamily.
"Then you lied, darling. In your white throat," I said pleasantly.
"By the way, d'you know if the petrol's come?"
"I don't even care," said Daphne. "But I didn't lie, old chap. My
word is--"
"Your bond? Quite so. But not mine. The appointment I have in Town
that day--"
"Which day?" said Daphne, with a faint smile.
"The fete day."
"Ah!"
It was a bazaar fete thing. Daphne and several others--euphemistically
styled workers--had conspired and agreed together to obtain money by
false pretences for and on behalf of a certain mission, to wit the
Banana. I prefer to put it that way. There is a certain smack about
the wording of an indictment. Almost a relish. The fact that two
years before I had been let in for a stall and had defrauded fellow men
and women of a considerable sum of money, but strengthened my
determination not to be entrapped again. At the same time I realized
that I was up against it.
The crime in question was fixed for Wednesday or Thursday--so much I
knew. But no more. There was the rub. I really could not toil up to
Town two days running.
"Let's see," I said carelessly, "the fete's on--er--Wednesday, or
Thursday, is it?"
"Which day are you going up to Town?" said Daphne. I changed my ground.
"The Bananas are all right," I said, lighting a cigarette.
"They only ate a missionary the other day," said my sister.
"That's bad," said I musingly. "To any nation the consumption of home
produce is of vital--"
"We want to make sixty pounds."
"To go towards their next meal? How much do missionaries cost?"
"To save their souls alive," said Daphne zealously.
"I'm glad something's to be saved alive," said I.
Before she could reply, tea began to appear. When the footman had
retired to fetch the second instalment of accessories, I pointed the
finger of scorn at the table, upon which he had set the tray.
"That parody emanated from a bazaar," I said contemptuously.
"It does for the garden," said my sister.
"It'd do for anything," said I. "Its silly sides, its crazy legs-"
"Crazy?" cried Daphne indignantly. "It'd bear an elephant."
"What if it would?" I said severely. "It's months since we gave up the
elephants."
"Is the kettle ready?"
"It boils not, neither does it sing."
"For which piece of irreverence you will do something on Thursday."
"My dear girl," I said hurriedly, "if it were not imperative for me to
be in Town--"
"You will do something on Thursday." I groaned.
"And this," I said, "this is my mother's daughter! We have been nursed
together, scolded together, dandled in the same arms. If she had not
been the stronger of the two, we should have played with the same toys."
I groaned again. Berry opened his eyes.
"The value of a siesta upon a summer afternoon--" he began.
I cut in with a bitter laugh. "What's he going to do?" I said.
"Take a stall, of course," said Daphne.
"Is he?" said Berry comfortably. "Is he? If motoring with Jonah to
Huntercombe, and playing golf all day, is not incompatible with taking
a stall on Thursday, I will sell children's underwear and egg cosies
with eclat. Otherwise--"
"Golf," I said, "golf! Why
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and spaced text by =equal
signs=. In the ads, an = sign denotes bold text.
On page 431, 1854 should possibly be 1845.
On page 533, the page number referenced is missing on the first
Chapter XXXV citation.
On page 544, the pages listed as pp 226-223 are possibly a typo.
[Theta] represents the greek letter named in the brackets.
[=HS] represents the characters HS with a bar over the top.
[*] represents the Roman Denarius sign.
[E] represents the Roman symbol for 2 oz., two stacked "c"s.
[M] represents the Roman numeral 1000.
[^C] represents a backwards C.
\B and \F represent VB and VF ligatures.
In Figure 54 and the subsequent text, letters indicated by ~A~
represent small capital letters.
POMPEII
ITS LIFE AND ART
[Illustration: PLATE I.--VIEW OF THE FORUM, LOOKING TOWARD VESUVIUS]
POMPEII
ITS LIFE AND ART
BY
AUGUST MAU
GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE IN ROME
Translated into English
BY FRANCIS W. KELSEY
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
_WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS FROM ORIGINAL
DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS_
NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD.
1902
_All rights reserved_
COPYRIGHT, 1899, 1902,
BY FRANCIS W. KELSEY.
First Edition, October, 1899.
New Revised Edition, with additions, November, 1902.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing & Co.--Berwick & Smith
Norwood Mass. U.S.A.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
For twenty-five years Professor Mau has devoted himself to the study
of Pompeii, spending his summers among the ruins and his winters in
Rome, working up the new material. He holds a unique place among the
scholars who have given attention to Pompeian antiquities, and his
contributions to the literature of the subject have been numerous in
both German and Italian. The present volume, however, is not a
translation of one previously issued, but a new work first published
in English, the liberality of the publishers having made it possible
to secure assistance for the preparation of certain restorations and
other drawings which Professor Mau desired to have made as
illustrating his interpretation of the ruins.
In one respect there is an essential difference between the remains of
Pompeii and those of the large and famous cities of antiquity, as Rome
or Athens, which have associated with them the familiar names of
historical characters. Mars' Hill is clothed with human interest, if
for no other reason, because of its relation to the work of the
Apostle Paul; while the Roman Forum and the Palatine, barren as they
seem to-day, teem with life as there rise before the mind's eye the
scenes presented in the pages of classical writers. But the Campanian
city played an unimportant part in contemporary history; the name of
not a single great Pompeian is recorded. The ruins, deprived of the
interest arising from historical associations, must be interpreted
with little help from literary sources
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s Note:
This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Italics are delimited as _italic_. Bold font is delimited as =bold=.
Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Please
see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding
the handling of any textual issues encountered during its preparation.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=The Island of Fantasy=
A Romance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
By FERGUS HUME
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Author of “When I Lived In Bohemia,” “The Mystery of a Hansom Cab,”
“The Man Who Vanished,” etc_.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sorrow and weariness,
Heartache and dreariness,
None should endure;
Scale ye the mountain peak,
Vale ’o the fountain seek,
There is the cure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_R. F. FENNO & COMPANY_
9 and 11 East Sixteenth Street, New York
1905
------------------------------------------------------------------------
COPYRIGHT, 1892,
BY
UNITED STATES BOOK COMPANY
---
[_All rights reserved_]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ISLAND OF FANTASY.
------------------------------------
CHAPTER I.
A MIND DISEASED.
Your Eastern drugs, your spices, your perfumes,
Are all in vain;
They cannot snatch my soul from out its glooms,
Nor soothe the brain.
My mind is dark as cycle-sealèd tombs,
And must remain
In darkness till the light of God illumes
Its black inane.
It was eight o’clock on a still summer evening, and, the ladies having
retired, two men were lingering in a pleasant, indolent fashion over
their wine in the dining-room of Roylands Grange. To be exact, only the
elder gentleman was paying any attention to his port, for the young man
who sat at the head of the table stared vaguely on his empty glass, and
at his equally empty plate, as if his thoughts were miles away, which
was precisely the case. Youth was moody, age was cheerful, for, while
the former indulged in a brown study, the latter cracked nuts and sipped
wine, with a just appreciation of the excellence of both. Judging from
this outward aspect of things, there was something wrong with Maurice
Roylands, for if reverend age in the presentable person of Rector
Carriston could be merry, there appeared to be no very feasible reason
why unthinking youth should be so ineffably dreary. Yet woe was writ
largely on the comely face of the moody young man, and he joined but
listlessly in the jocund conversation of his companion, which was
punctuated in a very marked manner by the cracking of filberts.
Outside, a magical twilight brooded over the landscape, and the chill
odors of eve floated from a thousand sleeping flowers into the mellow
atmosphere of the room, which was irradiated by the soft gleam of many
wax candles rising white and slender from amid the pale roses adorning
the dinner-table. All was pleasant, peaceful, and infinitely charming;
yet Maurice Roylands, aged thirty, healthy, wealthy, and not at all
bad-looking, sat moodily frowning at his untasted dessert, as though he
bore the weight of the world on his shoulders.
In truth, Mr. Roylands, with the usual self-worship of latter-day youth,
thought he was being very hardly treated by Destiny, as that
all-powerful goddess had given him everything calculated to make a
mortal happy, save the capability of being happy. This was undeniably
hard, and might be called the very irony of fate, for one might as well
offer a sumptuous banquet to a dyspeptic, as give a man all the means of
enjoyment, without the faculty of taking advantage of such good fortune.
Roylands had considerable artistic power, an income of nearly six
thousand a year, a fine house, friends innumerable—of the summer season
sort; yet he neither cared about nor valued these blessings, for the
simple reason that he was heartily sick of them, one and all. He would
have been happier digging a patch of ground for his daily bread, than
thus idling through life on an independent income, for Ennui, twin
sister of Care, had taken possession of his soul, and in the midst of
all his comforts he was thoroughly unhappy.
The proverb that “The rich are more miserable than the poor,” is but a
trite one on which to preach a
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[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this
text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant
spellings and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to
correct an obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.]
CROSSING THE PLAINS
DAYS OF '57
A NARRATIVE OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAVEL
TO CALIFORNIA BY THE
OX-TEAM METHOD
BY
WM. AUDLEY MAXWELL
COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY
WM AUDLEY MAXWELL
SUNSET PUBLISHING HOUSE
SAN FRANCISCO MCMXV
[Illustration: "They started flight" (See page 119.)]
CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VI
FOREWORD VII
CHAPTER I. Forsaking the Old, in Quest of the New. First
Camp. Fording the Platte 1
CHAPTER II. Laramie Fashions and Sioux Etiquette. A Trophy.
Chimney Rock. A Solitary Emigrant. Jests and Jingles 13
CHAPTER III. Lost in the Black Hills. Devil's Gate. Why a
Mountain Sheep Did Not Wink. Green River Ferry 31
CHAPTER IV. Disquieting Rumors of Redmen. Consolidation for
Safety. The Poisonous Humboldt 49
CHAPTER V. The Holloway Massacre 62
CHAPTER VI. Origin of "Piker." Before the Era of Canned Good
and Kodaks. Morning Routine. Typical Bivouac.
Sociability Entrained. The Flooded Camp. Hope Sustains
Patience 76
CHAPTER VII. Tangled by a Tornado. Lost the Pace but Kept the
Cow. Human Oddities. Night Guards. Wolf Serenades.
Awe of the Wilderness. A Stampede 97
CHAPTER VIII. Disaster Overtakes the Wood Family 116
CHAPTER IX. Mysterious Visitors. Extra Sentinels. An Anxious
Night 123
CHAPTER X. Challenge to Battle 133
CHAPTER XI. Sagebrush Justice 144
CHAPTER XII. Night Travel. Arid Wastes to Limpid Waters 160
CHAPTER XIII. Into the Settlements. Halt 170
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
"They started flight" Frontispiece
"Fording the Platte consumed one entire day" 11
"Wo-haw-Buck" 14
"From our coign of vantage we continued to shoot" 21
Chimney Rock 22
"One melody that he sang from the heart" 27
"Hauled the delinquent out" 30
"The wagons were lowered through the crevice" 38
Bone-writing 57
"With hand upraised in supplication, yielded to the impulse
to flee" 67
Jerry Bush, 1914 72
Nancy Holloway, 1857 74
The Author, twenty years after 100
A Coyote Serenade 109
"Van Diveer's advantage was slight but sufficient" 136
"A sip from the barrel cost fifty cents" 146
"'Stop,' shouted the Judge" 156
"'Melican man dig gold" 173
Pack-mule route to placer diggings 175
FOREWORD
Diligent inquiry has failed to disclose the existence of an authentic
and comprehensive narrative of a _pioneer_ journey across the plains.
With the exception of some improbable yarns and disconnected incidents
relating to the earlier experiences, the subject has been treated
mainly from the standpoint of people who traveled westward at a time
when the real hardships and perils of the trip were much less than
those encountered in the fifties.
A very large proportion of the people now residing in the Far West are
descendants of emigrants who came by the precarious means afforded by
ox-team conveyances. For some three-score years the younger
generations have heard from the lips of their ancestors enough of
that wonderful pilgrimage to create among them a widespread demand for
a complete and typical narrative.
This story consists of facts, with the real names of the actors in the
drama. The events, gay, grave and tragic, are according to indelible
recollections of eye-witnesses, including those of
THE AUTHOR.
W. A. M.,
_Ukiah, California, 1915._
CROSSING THE PLAINS
DAYS OF '57
CHAPTER I.
FORSAKING THE OLD IN QUEST OF THE NEW. FIRST CAMP. FORDING THE PLATTE.
We left the west bank of the Missouri River on May 17, 1857. Our
objective point was Sonoma County, California.
The company consisted of thirty-seven persons, including several
families, and some others; the individuals ranging in years from
middle age to babies: eleven men, ten women and sixteen minors; the
eldest of the party forty-nine, the most youthful, a boy two months
old the day we started. Most of these were persons who had resided for
a time at least not far from the starting point, but not all were
natives of that section, some having emigrated from Indiana, Kentucky,
Tennessee and Virginia.
We were outfitted with eight wagons, about thirty yoke of oxen, fifty
head of extra steers and cows, and ten or twelve saddle ponies and
mules.
The vehicles were light, well-built farm wagons, arranged and fitted
for economy of space and weight. Most of the wagons were without
brakes, seats or springs. The axles were of wood, which, in case of
their breaking, could be repaired en route. Chains were used for
deadlocking the wheels while moving down steep places.
No lines or halters of any kind were used on the oxen for guiding
them, these animals being managed entirely by use of the ox-whip and
the "ox-word." The whip was a braided leathern lash, six to eight feet
long, the most approved stock for which was a hickory sapling, as long
as the lash, and on the extremity of the lash was a strip of
buckskin, for a "cracker," which, when snapped by a practiced driver,
produced a sound like the report of a pistol. The purpose of the whip
was well understood by the trained oxen, and that implement enabled a
skillful driver to regulate the course of a wagon almost as accurately
as if the team were of horses, with the reins in the hands of an
expert jehu.
An emigrant wagon such as described, provided with an oval top cover
of white ducking, with "flaps" in front and a "puckering-string" at
the rear, came to be known in those days as a "prairie schooner;" and
a string of them, drawn out in single file in the daily travel, was a
"train." Trains following one another along the same new pathway were
sometimes strung out for hundreds of miles, with spaces of a few
hundred yards to several miles between, and were many weeks passing a
given point.
Our commissary wagon was supplied with flour, bacon, coffee, tea,
sugar, rice, salt, and so forth; rations estimated to last for five or
six months, if necessary; also medical supplies, and whatever else we
could carry to meet the probable necessities and the possible
casualties of the journey; with the view of traveling tediously but
patiently over a country of roadless plains and mountains, crossing
deserts and fording rivers; meanwhile cooking, eating and sleeping on
the ground as we should find it from day to day.
The culinary implements occupied a compartment of their own in a
wagon, consisting of such kettles, long-handled frying-pans and
sheet-iron coffee pots as could be used on a camp-fire, with table
articles almost all of tin. Those who attempted to carry the more
friable articles, owing to the thumps and falls to which these were
subjected, found themselves short in supply of utensils long before
the journey ended. I have seen a man and wife drinking coffee from
one small tin pan, their china and delftware having been left in
fragments to decorate the desert wayside.
We had some tents, but they were little used, after we learned how to
do without them, excepting in cases of inclement weather, of which
there was very little, especially in the latter part of the trip.
During the great rush of immigration into California subsequent to
1849, from soon after the discovery of gold until this time, the usual
date at which the annual emigrants started from the settlement borders
along the Missouri River was April 15th to May 1st. The Spring of 1857
was late, and we did not pull out until May 17th, when the prairie
grass was grown sufficiently to afford feed for the stock, and summer
weather was assured.
At that time the boundary line between the "States" and the "Plains"
was the Missouri River. We crossed that river at a point about
half-way between St. Joseph and Council Bluffs, where the village of
Brownville was the nucleus of a first settlement of white people on
the Nebraska side. There the river was a half-mile wide. The crossing
was effected by means of an old-fashioned ferryboat or scow, propelled
by a small, stern-wheeled steamer. Two days were consumed in
transporting our party and equipment across the stream; but one wagon
and a few of the people and animals being taken at each trip of the
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THE GIFT OF THE MAGI
by O. Henry
One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it
was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the
grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned
with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing
implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty-seven
cents. And the next day would be Christmas.
There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little
couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection
that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles
predominating.
While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first
stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8
per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had
that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.
In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go,
and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring.
Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James
Dillingham Young."
The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of
prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when
the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of
contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James
Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called
"Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already
introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good.
Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.
She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a
gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she
had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving
every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a
week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated.
They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a
happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something
fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being
worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.
There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you
have seen a pierglass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person
may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal
strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being
slender, had mastered the art.
Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. Her
eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within
twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its
full length.
Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which
they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been
his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the
queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have
let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her
Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all
his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his
watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from
envy.
So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like
a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself
almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and
quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or
two splashed on the worn red carpet.
On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl
of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she
fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.
Where she stopped the sign read: "Mme. Sofronie. Hair Goods of All
Kinds." One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, panting.
Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie."
"Will you buy my hair?" asked Della.
"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer
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[Illustration: JOHN BURROUGHS]
RAMBLES WITH JOHN BURROUGHS
R. J. H. De LOACH
_Illustrated with photographs by the Author_
RICHARD G. BADGER
THE GORHAM PRESS
BOSTON
_Copyright 1912 by Richard G. Badger_
_All Rights Reserved_
_The Gorham Press, Boston, Mass._
To
THE DEAR OLD UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
and her Noble faculty who have ever inspired me
I dedicate this little volume
PREFACE
There is a longing in every student's life some time or other to share
his pleasure with the world, and if he happens to find himself in the
proper environment he cannot forego that pleasure. His studies, his
anxieties, his loves and his devotions are a part of him and he cannot
give himself to the world without giving these.
My personal contact with John Burroughs has meant a great deal to me and
these papers represent in a measure what I have enjoyed, though they
come far short of what I would like them to be. Some of them were
written among his native hills and it is hoped they will give the flavor
of his own experiences. Others were written at odd times on trains, on
boats, and in my study here, where I have enjoyed re-reading so many
times his essays on Nature. The qualities of the man and his papers have
always made a direct appeal to me, and I love to come in contact with
him and spend days with him.
Long before they were printed in book form, I had collected most of his
poems in my old scrap book and studied them. Their simplicity and beauty
combined with their perfect rhythm impressed me and almost at one
reading I was able to remember them line for line.
The names of Burroughs and Whitman are forever linked together and one
can hardly think of one in certain relations without thinking of the
other. To the literary public they have many ideals in common, and their
bonds of sympathy have been knit together forever in Burroughs essays.
To be associated with Burroughs is therefore to get many interesting and
valuable hints on the life and works of Whitman. While I write this
preface Mr. Burroughs talks with me in the evenings on the possible
future influence of Whitman on American literary methods and criticism.
The reader will not be surprised therefore, to find in this collection
of papers, one on the relation of these two grand old men.
I have not attempted to interpret John Burroughs. He is his own
interpreter and the very best one. In writing the papers, I have had in
mind only just what he has meant to me. How he has affected me and
changed the course of my life. How he has given me new eyes with which
to see, new ears with which to hear, and a new heart with which to love
God's great out-o'-doors.
Athens, Ga. January, 1911.
CONTENTS
The Simple Life
Around Slabsides and the Den
John Burroughs in the South
Around Roxbury
The Old Clump
John Burroughs as Poet
John Burroughs and Walt Whitman
John Burroughs and the Birds
ILLUSTRATIONS
John Burroughs
In the Old Barn
The Old Stone Wall built by Deacon Scudder
The Study
Slabsides
Burroughs Listening to the Cardinal in Georgia
At the Bars in front of The Old Burial Ground
Over the Site of his Grandfather's Old Home
Under a Catskill Ledge where he has often been protected from the
rain in summer
A Catskill Mountain Side
Under the Old Grey Ledge
On the Summit of the Old Clump
Looking across the Pasture Wall
Stones marking Site of Thoreau's Cabin
Pointing out the Junco's Nest
My Chickadee's Nest
THE SIMPLE LIFE
The great majority of people consider that this expression about defines
a summer outing, or a camping trip and that is the end of it. They
cannot associate it with any form of living for they have not tried the
simple life. A few weeks in summer they are in the habit of unfolding
their tents and going away to the mountains where they can for a short
while rid themselves of conventionalities and try out nature. On such
occasions they are forced to do most of their
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Transcriber's Note:
The underscore character "_" is used in this book to indicate italics
markup in the original, as in "Then he _must_ hold on." The only
exception to this is where it is used to indicate a subscript,
specifically in H_20 and CO_2, the common chemical formulas for water
and carbon dioxide referenced in the text.
[Illustration: "DON DEAR, YOU'RE LIVING TOO MUCH DOW
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DAIREEN
Volume 2 of 2
By Frank Frankfort Moore
(Transcriber's Note: Chapters XX to XXIV were taken from a print
copy of a different edition as these chapters were missing from the 1889
print edition from which the rest of the Project Gutenberg edition was
taken. In the inserted four chapters it will be noted that the normal
double quotation marks were printed as single quote marks.)
CHAPTER XXIII.
I have heard of your paintings too.
_Hamlet_. His form and cause conjoined, preaching to stones,
Would make them capable. Do not look upon me,
Lest... what I have to do
Will want true colour....
Do you see nothing there?
_Queen_. No, nothing but ourselves.
_Hamlet_. Why, look you there...
Look, where he goes, even now, out at the portal.
_Hamlet._
|I AM so glad to be beside some one who can tell me all I want to know'
said Lottie, looking up to Colonel Gerald's bronzed face when Mrs.
Crawford and Markham had walked on.
'My dear Lottie, you know very well that you know as much as I do,' he
answered, smiling down at her.
'Oh, Colonel Gerald, how can you say such a thing?' she cried
innocently. 'You know I am always getting into scrapes through my
simplicity.'
'You have managed to get out of a good many in your time, my dear. Is it
by the same means you got out of them, Lottie-your simplicity?'
'Oh, you are as amusing as ever,' laughed the young thing. 'But you must
not be hard upon poor little me, now that I want to ask you so much.
Will you tell me, like a dear good colonel--I know you can if you
choose--what is the mystery about this Mr. Markham?'
'Mystery? I
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Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
produced from scanned images of public domain material
from the Google Print project.)
[Illustration: LEONARDO DA VINCI]
Leonardo da Vinci
A PSYCHOSEXUAL STUDY OF AN
INFANTILE REMINISCENCE
BY
PROFESSOR DR. SIGMUND FREUD, LL.D.
(UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA)
TRANSLATED BY
A. A. BRILL, PH.B., M.D.
Lecturer in Psychoanalysis and Abnormal
Psychology, New York University
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
MOFFAT, YARD & COMPANY
1916
COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY
MOFFAT, YARD & COMPANY
ILLUSTRATIONS
Leonardo Da Vinci _Frontispiece_
FACING
PAGE
Mona Lisa 78
Saint Anne 86
John the Baptist 94
LEONARDO DA VINCI
I
When psychoanalytic investigation, which usually contents itself with
frail human material, approaches the great personages of humanity, it is
not impelled to it by motives which are often attributed to it by
laymen. It does not strive "to blacken the radiant and to drag the
sublime into the mire"; it finds no satisfaction in diminishing the
distance between the perfection of the great and the inadequacy of the
ordinary objects. But it cannot help finding that everything is worthy
of understanding that can be perceived through those prototypes, and it
also believes that none is so big as to be ashamed of being subject to
the laws which control the normal and morbid actions with the same
strictness.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was admired even by his contemporaries as
one of the greatest men of the Italian Renaissance, still even then he
appeared as mysterious to them as he now appears to us. An all-sided
genius, "whose form can only be divined but never deeply fathomed,"[1]
he exerted the most decisive influence on his time as an artist; and it
remained to us to recognize his greatness as a naturalist which was
united in him with the artist. Although he left masterpieces of the art
of painting, while his scientific discoveries remained unpublished and
unused, the investigator in him has never quite left the artist, often
it has severely injured the artist and in the end it has perhaps
suppressed the artist altogether. According to Vasari, Leonardo
reproached himself during the last hour of his life for having insulted
God and men because he has not done his duty to his art.[2] And even if
Vasari's story lacks all probability and belongs to those legends which
began to be woven about the mystic master while he was still living, it
nevertheless retains indisputable value as a testimonial of the judgment
of those people and of those times.
What was it that removed the personality of Leonardo from the
understanding of his contemporaries? Certainly not the many sidedness of
his capacities and knowledge, which allowed him to install himself as a
player of the lyre on an instrument invented by himself, in the court of
Lodovico Sforza, nicknamed Il Moro, the Duke of Milan, or which allowed
him to write to the same person that remarkable letter in which he
boasts of his abilities as a civil and military engineer. For the
combination of manifold talents in the same person was not unusual in
the times of the Renaissance; to be sure Leonardo himself furnished one
of the most splendid examples of such persons. Nor did he belong to that
type of genial persons who are outwardly poorly endowed by nature, and
who on their side place no value on the outer forms of life, and in the
painful gloominess of their feelings fly from human relations. On the
contrary he was tall and symmetrically built, of consummate beauty of
countenance and of unusual physical strength, he was charming in his
manner, a master of speech, and jovial and affectionate to everybody. He
loved beauty in the objects of his surroundings, he was fond of wearing
magnificent garments and appreciated every refinement of conduct. In his
treatise[3] on the art of painting he compares in a significant passage
the art of painting with its sister arts and thus discusses the
difficulties of the sculptor: "Now his face is entirely smeared and
powdered with marble dust, so that he looks like a baker, he is covered
with small marble splinters, so that it seems as if it snowed on his
back, and his house is full of stone splinters, and dust. The case of
the painter is quite different from that; for the painter is well
dressed and sits with great comfort before his work, he gently and very
lightly brushes in the beautiful colors. He wears as decorative clothes
as he likes, and his house is filled with beautiful paintings and is
spotlessly clean. He often enjoys company, music, or some one may read
for him various nice works, and all this can be listened to with great
pleasure, undisturbed by any pounding from the hammer and other noises."
It is quite possible that the conception of a beaming jovial and happy
Leonardo was true only for the first and longer period of the master's
life. From now on, when the downfall of the rule of Lodovico Moro forced
him to leave Milan, his sphere of action and his assured position, to
lead an unsteady and unsuccessful life until his last asylum in France,
it is possible that the luster of his disposition became pale and some
odd features of his character became more prominent. The turning of his
interest from his art to science which increased with age must have also
been responsible for widening the gap between himself and his
contemporaries. All his efforts with which, according to their opinion,
he wasted his time instead of diligently filling orders and becoming
rich as perhaps his former classmate Perugino, seemed to his
contemporaries as capricious playing, or even caused them to suspect him
of being in the service of the "black art." We who know him from his
sketches understand him better. In a time in which the authority of the
church began to be substituted by that of antiquity and in which only
theoretical investigation existed, he the forerunner, or better the
worthy competitor of Bacon and Copernicus, was necessarily isolated.
When he dissected cadavers of horses and human beings, and built flying
apparatus, or when he studied the nourishment of plants and their
behavior towards poisons, he naturally deviated much from the
commentators of Aristotle and came nearer the despised alchemists, in
whose laboratories the experimental investigations found some refuge
during these unfavorable times.
The effect that this had on his paintings was that he disliked to handle
the brush, he painted less and what was more often the case, the things
he began were mostly left unfinished; he cared less and less for the
future fate of his works. It was this mode of working that was held up
to him as a reproach from his contemporaries to whom his behavior to his
art remained a riddle.
Many of Leonardo's later admirers have attempted to wipe off the stain
of unsteadiness from his character. They maintained that what is blamed
in Leonardo is a general characteristic of great artists. They said that
even the energetic Michelangelo who was absorbed in his work left many
incompleted works, which was as little due to his fault as to Leonardo's
in the same case. Besides some pictures were not as unfinished as he
claimed, and what the layman would call a masterpiece may still appear
to the creator of the work of art as an unsatisfied embodiment of his
intentions; he has a faint notion of a perfection which he despairs of
reproducing in likeness. Least of all should the artist be held
responsible for the fate which befalls his works.
As plausible as some of these excuses may sound they nevertheless do not
explain the whole state of affairs which we find in Leonardo. The
painful struggle with the work, the final flight from it and the
indifference to its future fate may be seen in many other artists, but
this behavior is shown in Leonardo to highest degree. Edm. Solmi[4]
cites (p. 12) the expression of one of his pupils: "Pareva, che ad ogni
ora tremasse, quando si poneva a dipingere, e pero no diede mai fine ad
alcuna cosa cominciata, considerando la grandezza dell'arte, tal che
egli scorgeva errori in quelle cose, che ad altri parevano miracoli."
His last pictures, Leda, the Madonna di Saint Onofrio, Bacchus and St.
John the Baptist, remained unfinished "come quasi intervenne di tutte le
cose sue." Lomazzo,[5] who finished a copy of The Holy Supper, refers in
a sonnet to the familiar inability of Leonardo to finish his works:
"Protogen che il penel di sue pitture
Non levava, agguaglio il Vinci Divo,
Di cui opra non e finita pure."
The slowness with which Leonardo worked was proverbial. After the most
thorough preliminary studies he painted The Holy Supper for three years
in the cloister of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. One of his
contemporaries, Matteo Bandelli, the writer of novels, who was then a
young monk in the cloister, relates that Leonardo often ascended the
scaffold very early in the morning and did not leave the brush out of
his hand until twilight, never thinking of eating or drinking. Then days
passed without putting his hand on it, sometimes he remained for hours
before the painting and derived satisfaction from studying it by
himself. At other times he came directly to the cloister from the palace
of the Milanese Castle where he formed the model of the equestrian
statue for Francesco Sforza, in order to add a few strokes with the
brush to one of the figures and then stopped immediately.[6] According
to Vasari he worked for years on the portrait of Monna Lisa, the wife of
the Florentine de Gioconda, without being able to bring it to
completion. This circumstance may also account for the fact that it was
never delivered to the one who ordered it but remained with Leonardo who
took it with him to France.[7] Having been procured by King Francis I,
it now forms one of the greatest treasures of the Louvre.
When one compares these reports about Leonardo's way of working with the
evidence of the extraordinary amount of sketches and studies left by
him, one is bound altogether to reject the idea that traits of
flightiness and unsteadiness exerted the slightest influence on
Leonardo's relation to his art. On the contrary one notices a very
extraordinary absorption in work, a richness in possibilities in which a
decision could be reached only hestitatingly, claims which could hardly
be satisfied, and an inhibition in the execution which could not even be
explained by the inevitable backwardness of the artist behind his ideal
purpose. The slowness which was striking in Leonardo's works from the
very beginning proved to be a symptom of his inhibition, a forerunner of
his turning away from painting which manifested itself later.[8] It was
this slowness which decided the not undeserving fate of The Holy
Supper. Leonardo could not take kindly to the art of fresco painting
which demands quick work while the background is still moist, it was for
this reason that he chose oil colors, the drying of which permitted him
to complete the picture according to his mood and leisure. But these
colors separated themselves from the background upon which they were
painted and which isolated them from the brick wall; the blemishes of
this wall and the vicissitudes to which the room was subjected seemingly
contributed to the inevitable deterioration of the picture.[9]
The picture of the cavalry battle of Anghiari, which in competition with
Michelangelo he began to paint later on a wall of the Sala de Consiglio
in Florence and which he also left in an unfinished state, seemed to
have perished through the failure of a similar technical process. It
seems here as if a peculiar interest, that of the experimenter, at first
reenforced the artistic, only later to damage the art production.
The character of the man Leonardo evinces still some other unusual
traits and apparent contradictions. Thus a certain inactivity and
indifference seemed very evident in him. At a time when every individual
sought to gain the widest latitude for his activity, which could not
take place without the development of energetic aggression towards
others, he surprised every one through his quiet peacefulness, his
shunning of all competition and controversies. He was mild and kind to
all, he was said to have rejected a meat diet because he did not
consider it just to rob animals of their lives, and one of his special
pleasures was to buy caged birds in the market and set them free.[10] He
condemned war and bloodshed and designated man not so much as the king
of the animal world, but rather as the worst of the wild beasts.[11] But
this effeminate delicacy of feeling did not prevent him from
accompanying condemned criminals on their way to execution in order to
study and sketch in his notebook their features, distorted by fear, nor
did it prevent him from inventing the most cruel offensive weapons, and
from entering the service of Cesare Borgia as chief military engineer.
Often he seemed to be indifferent to good and evil, or he had to be
measured with a special standard. He held a high position in Cesare's
campaign which gained for this most inconsiderate and most faithless of
foes the possession of the Romagna. Not a single line of Leonardo's
sketches betrays any criticism or sympathy of the events of those days.
The comparison with Goethe during the French campaign cannot here be
altogether rejected.
If a biographical effort really endeavors to penetrate the understanding
of the psychic life of its hero it must not, as happens in most
biographies through discretion or prudery, pass over in silence the
sexual activity or the sex peculiarity of the one examined. What we know
about it in Leonardo is very little but full of significance. In a
period where there was a constant struggle between riotous
licentiousness and gloomy asceticism, Leonardo presented an example of
cool sexual rejection which one would not expect in an artist and a
portrayer of feminine beauty. Solmi[12] cites the following sentence
from Leonardo showing his frigidity: "The act of procreation and
everything that has any relation to it is so disgusting that human
beings would soon die out if it were not a traditional custom and if
there were no pretty faces and sensuous dispositions." His posthumous
works which not only treat of the greatest scientific problems but also
comprise the most guileless objects which to us do not seem worthy of so
great a mind (an allegorical natural history, animal fables, witticisms,
prophecies),[13] are chaste to a degree--one might say abstinent--that
in a work of _belle lettres_ would excite wonder even to-day. They evade
everything sexual so thoroughly, as if Eros alone who preserves
everything living was no worthy material for the scientific impulse of
the investigator.[14] It is known how frequently great artists found
pleasure in giving vent to their phantasies in erotic and even grossly
obscene representations; in contradistinction to this Leonardo left only
some anatomical drawings of the woman's internal genitals, the position
of the child in the womb, etc.
It is doubtful whether Leonardo ever embraced a woman in love, nor is it
known that he ever entertained an intimate spiritual relation with a
woman as in the case of Michelangelo and Vittoria Colonna. While he
still lived as an apprentice in the house of his master Verrocchio, he
with other young men were accused of forbidden homosexual relations
which ended in his acquittal. It seems that he came into this suspicion
because he employed as a model a boy of evil repute.[15] When he was a
master he surrounded himself with handsome boys and youths whom he took
as pupils. The last of these pupils Francesco Melzi, accompanied him to
France, remained with him until his death, and was named by him as his
heir. Without sharing the certainty of his modern biographers, who
naturally reject the possibility of a sexual relation between himself
and his pupils as a baseless insult to this great man, it may be thought
by far more probable that the affectionate relationships of Leonardo to
the young men did not result in sexual activity. Nor should one
attribute to him a high measure of sexual activity.
The peculiarity of this emotional and sexual life viewed in connection
with Leonardo's double nature as an artist and investigator can be
grasped only in one way. Of the biographers to whom psychological
viewpoints are often very foreign, only one, Edm. Solmi, has to my
knowledge approached the solution of the riddle. But a writer, Dimitri
Sergewitsch Merejkowski, who selected Leonardo as the hero of a great
historical novel has based his delineation on such an understanding of
this unusual man, and if not in dry words he gave unmistakable
utterance in plastic expression in the manner of a poet.[16] Solmi
judges Leonardo as follows: "But the unrequited desire to understand
everything surrounding him, and with cold reflection to discover the
deepest secret of everything that is perfect, has condemned Leonardo's
works to remain forever unfinished."[17] In an essay of the Conferenze
Fiorentine the utterances of Leonardo are cited, which show his
confession of faith and furnish the key to his character.
"_Nessuna cosa si puo amare ne odiare, se_
_prima no si ha cognition di quella._"[18]
That is: One has no right to love or to hate anything if one has not
acquired a thorough knowledge of its nature. And the same is repeated by
Leonardo in a passage of the Treaties on the Art of Painting where he
seems to defend himself against the accusation of irreligiousness:
"But such censurers might better remain silent. For that action is the
manner of showing the workmaster so many wonderful things, and this is
the way to love so great a discoverer. For, verily great love springs
from great knowledge of the beloved object, and if you little know it
you will be able to
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Daemonologie
In Forme of a Dialogie
Diuided into three Bookes.
By James RX
Printed by Robert Walde-graue,
Printer to the Kings Majestie. An. 1597.
Cum Privilegio Regio.
CONTENTS
The Preface. To The Reader.
First Booke.
Chap. I.
Chap. II.
Chap. III.
Chap. IIII.
Chap. V.
Chap. VI.
Chap. VII.
Seconde Booke.
Chap. I.
Chap. II.
Chap. III.
Chap. IIII.
Chap. V.
Chap. VI.
Chap. VII.
Thirde Booke.
Chap. I.
Chap. II.
Chap. III.
Chap. IIII.
Chap. V.
Chap. VI.
Newes from Scotland.
To the Reader.
Discourse.
THE PREFACE. TO THE READER.
The fearefull aboundinge at this time in this countrie, of these
detestable slaues of the Deuill, the Witches or enchaunters, hath moved me
(beloued reader) to dispatch in post, this following treatise of mine, not
in any wise (as I protest) to serue for a shew of my learning & ingine,
but onely (mooued of conscience) to preasse thereby, so farre as I can, to
resolue the doubting harts of many; both that such assaultes of Sathan are
most certainly practized, & that the instrumentes thereof, merits most
severly to be punished: against the damnable opinions of two principally
in our age, wherof the one called SCOT an Englishman, is not ashamed in
publike print to deny, that ther can be such a thing as Witch-craft: and
so mainteines the old error of the Sadducees, in denying of spirits. The
other called VVIERVS, a German Phisition, sets out a publick apologie for
al these craftes-folkes, whereby, procuring for their impunitie, he
plainely bewrayes himselfe to haue bene one of that profession. And for to
make this treatise the more pleasaunt and facill, I haue put it in forme
of a Dialogue, which I haue diuided into three bookes: The first speaking
of Magie in general, and Necromancie in special. The second of Sorcerie
and Witch-craft: and the thirde, conteines a discourse of all these kindes
of spirits, & Spectres that appeares & trobles persones: together with a
conclusion of the whol work. My intention in this labour, is only to proue
two things, as I haue alreadie said: the one, that such diuelish artes
haue bene and are. The other, what exact trial and seuere punishment they
merite: & therefore reason I, what kinde of things are possible to be
performed in these arts, & by what naturall causes they may be, not that I
touch every particular thing of the Deuils power, for that were infinite:
but onelie, to speak scholasticklie, (since this can not bee spoken in our
language) I reason vpon _genus_ leauing species, _and differentia_ to be
comprehended therein. As for example, speaking of the power of Magiciens,
in the first book & sixt Chapter: I say, that they can suddenly cause be
brought vnto them, all kindes of daintie disshes, by their familiar
spirit: Since as a thiefe he delightes to steale, and as a spirite, he can
subtillie & suddenlie inough transport the same. Now vnder this _genus_
may be comprehended al particulars, depending thereupon; Such as the
bringing Wine out of a Wall, (as we haue heard oft to haue bene practised]
and such others; which particulars, are sufficientlie proved by the
reasons of the general. And such like in the second booke of Witch-craft
in speciall, and fift Chap. I say and proue by diuerse arguments, that
Witches can, by the power of their Master, cure or cast on disseases: Now
by these same reasones, that proues their power by the Deuil of disseases
in generally is aswell proued their power in speciall: as of weakening the
nature of some men, to make them vnable for women: and making it to abound
in others, more then the ordinary course of nature would permit. And such
like in all other particular sicknesses; But one thing I will pray thee to
obserue in all these places, where I reason upon the deuils power, which
is the different ends & scopes, that God as the first cause, and the
Devill as his instrument and second cause shootes at in all these actiones
of the Deuil, (as Gods hang-man:) For where the deuilles intention in them
is euer to perish, either the soule or the body, or both of them, that he
is so permitted to deale with: God by the contrarie, drawes euer out of
that euill gl
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Produced by Jake Jaqua. HTML version by Al Haines.
Lectures of Col. R. G. Ingersoll--Latest
Contents
Thomas Paine
Liberty of Man, Woman and Child
Orthodoxy
Blasphemy
Some Reasons Why
Intellectual Development
Human Rights
Talmagian Theology (Second Lecture)
Talmagian Theology (Third Lecture)
Religious Intolerance
Hereafter
Review of His Reviewers
How the Gods Grow
The Religion of our Day
Heretics And Heresies
The Bible
Voltaire
Myth and Miracle
Ingersoll's Letter, on The Chinese God
Ingersoll's Letter, Is Suicide a Sin?
Ingersoll's Letter, The Right To One's Life
Ingersoll's Lecture on Thomas Paine--Delivered in Central Music Hall,
Chicago, January 29, 1880 (From the Chicago Times, Verbatim Report)
Ladies and Gentlemen:--It so happened that the first speech--the very
first public speech I ever made--took occasion to defend the memory of
Thomas Paine.
I did it because I had read a little something of the history of my
country. I did it because I felt indebted to him for the liberty I
then enjoyed--and whatever religion may be true, ingratitude is the
blackest of crimes. And whether there is any God or not, in every star
that shines, gratitude is a virtue.
The man who will tell the truth about the dead is a good man, and for
one, about this man, I intend to tell just as near the truth as I can.
Most history consists in giving the details of things that never
happened--most biography is usually the lie coming from the mouth of
flattery, or the slander coming from the lips of malice, and whoever
attacks the religion of a country will, in his turn, be attacked.
Whoever attacks a superstition will find that superstition defended by
all the meanness of ingenuity. Whoever attacks a superstition will
find that there is still one weapon left in the arsenal of
Jehovah--slander.
I was reading, yesterday, a poem called the "Light of Asia," and I read
in that how a Boodh seeing a tigress perishing of thirst, with her
mouth upon the dry stone of a stream, with her two cubs sucking at her
dry and empty dugs, this Boodh took pity upon this wild and famishing
beast, and, throwing from himself the Yellowrobe of his order, and
stepping naked before this tigress, said: "Here is meat for you and
your cubs." In one moment the crooked daggers of her claws ran riot in
his flesh, and in another he was devoured. Such, during nearly all the
history of this world, has been the history of every man who has stood
in front of superstition.
Thomas Paine, as has been so eloquently said by the gentleman who
introduced me, was a friend of man, and whoever is a friend of man is
also a friend of God--if there is one. But God has had many friends
who were the enemies of their fellow-men. There is but one test by
which to measure any man who has lived. Did he leave this world better
than he found it? Did he leave in this world more liberty? Did he
leave in this world more goodness, more humanity, than when he was
born? That is the test. And whatever may have been the faults of
Thomas Paine, no American who appreciates liberty, no American who
believes in true democracy and pure republicanism, should ever breathe
one word against his name. Every American, with the divine mantle of
charity, should cover all his faults, and with a never-tiring tongue
should recount his virtues.
He was a common man. He did not belong to the aristocracy. Upon the
head of his father God had never poured the divine petroleum of
authority. He had not the misfortune to belong to the upper classes.
He had the fortune to be born among the poor and to feel against his
great heart the throb of the toiling and suffering masses. Neither was
it his misfortune to have been educated at Oxford. What little sense
he had was not squeezed out at Westminster. He got his education from
books. He got his education from contact with fellow-men, and he
thought, and a man is worth just what nature impresses upon him. A man
standing by the sea, or in a forest, or looking at a flower, or hearing
a poem, or looking in the eyes of the woman he loves, receives all that
he is capable of receiving--and if he is a great man the impression is
great, and he uses it for the purpose of benefiting his fellow-man.
Thomas Paine was not rich, he was poor, and his father before him was
poor, and he was raised a sailmaker, a very lowly profession, and yet
that man became one of the mainstays of liberty in this world. At one
time he was an excise man, like Burns. Burns was once--speak it
softly--a gauger--and yet he wrote poems that will wet the cheek of
humanity with tears as long as the world travels in its orb around the
sun.
Poverty was his brother, necessity his master. He had more brains than
books; more courage than politeness; more strength than polish. He had
no veneration for old mistakes, no admiration for ancient lies. He
loved the truth for truth's sake and for man's sake. He saw oppression
on every hand, injustice everywhere, hypocrisy at the altar, venality
on the bench, tyranny on the throne, and with a splendid courage he
espoused the cause of the weak against the strong, of the enslaved many
against the titled few.
In England he was nothing. He belonged to the lower classes--that is,
the useful people. England depended for her prosperity upon her
mechanics and her thinkers, her sailors and her workers, and they are
the only men in Europe who are not gentlemen. The only obstacles in
the way of progress in Europe were the nobility and the priests, and
they are the only gentlemen.
This, and his native genius, constituted his entire capital, and he
needed no more. He found the colonies clamoring for justice; whining
about their grievances; upon their knees at the foot of the throne,
imploring that mixture of idiocy and insanity, George III., by the
grace of God, for a restoration of their ancient privileges. They were
not endeavoring to become free men, but were trying to soften the heart
of their master. They were perfectly willing to make brick if Pharaoh
would furnish the straw. The colonists wished for, hoped for, and
prayed for reconciliation. They did not dream of independence.
Paine gave to the world his "Common Sense." It was the first argument
for separation; the first assault upon the British form of government;
the first blow for a republic, and it aroused our fathers like a
trumpet's blast. He was the first to perceive the destiny of the new
world. No other pamphlet ever accomplished such wonderful results. It
was filled with arguments, reasons, persuasions, and unanswerable
logic. It opened a new world. It filled the present with hope and the
future with honor. Everywhere the people responded, and in a few months
the Continental Congress declared the colonies free and independent
states. A new nation was born.
It is simple justice to say that Paine did more to cause the
Declaration of Independence than any other man. Neither should it be
forgotten that his attacks upon Great Britain were also attacks upon
monarchy, and while he convinced the people that the colonies ought to
separate from the mother country, he also proved to them that a free
government is the best that can be instituted among men.
In my judgment Thomas Paine was the best political writer that ever
lived. "What he wrote was pure nature, and his soul and his pen ever
went together." Ceremony, pageantry, and all the paraphernalia of
power had no effect upon him. He examined into the why and wherefore
of things. He was perfectly radical in his mode of thought. Nothing
short of the bed-rock satisfied him. His enthusiasm for what he
believed to be right knew no bounds. During all the dark scenes of the
revolution never for a moment did he despair. Year after year his
brave words were ringing through the land, and by the bivouac fires the
weary soldiers read the inspiring words of "Common Sense," filled with
ideas sharper than their swords, and consecrated themselves anew to the
cause of freedom.
Paine was not content with having aroused the spirit of independence,
but he gave every energy of his soul to keep that spirit alive. He was
with the army. He shared its defeats, its dangers, and its glory.
When the situation became desperate, when gloom settled upon all, he
gave them the "Crisis." It was a cloud by day and a pillar of fire
by night, leading the way to freedom, honor, and glory. He shouted to
them "These are the times that try men's souls." The summer soldier
and the sunshine patriot, will, in this crisis, shrink from the service
of his country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks
of man and woman.
To those who wished to put the war off to some future day, with a lofty
and touching spirit of self-sacrifice, he said: "Every generous parent
should say: 'If there must be war, let it be in my day, that my child
may have peace'." To the cry that Americans were rebels, he replied:
"He that rebels against reason is a real rebel; but he that in defense
of reason rebels against tyranny, has a better title to 'Defender of
the Faith' than George III."
Some said it was to the interest of the colonies to be free. Paine
answered this by saying: "To know whether it be the interest of the
continent to be independent, we need ask only this simple, easy
question: 'Is it the interest of man to be a boy all his life?"' He
found many who would listen to nothing, and to them he said: "That to
argue with a man who has renounced his reason is like giving medicine
to the dead." This sentiment ought to adorn the walls of every
orthodox church.
There is a world of political wisdom in this: "England lost her liberty
in a long chain of right reasoning from wrong principles;" and there
is real discrimination in saying: "The Greeks and Romans were strongly
possessed of the spirit of liberty, but not the principles, for at the
time they were determined not to be slaves themselves, they employed
their power to enslave the rest of mankind."
In his letter to the British people, in which he tried to convince them
that war was not to their interest, occurs the following passage
brimful of common sense: "War never can be the interest of a trading
nation any more than quarreling can be profitable to a man in business.
But to make war with those who trade with us is like setting a bull-dog
upon a customer at the shop door."
The Writings of Paine fairly glitter with simple, compact, logical
statements that carry conviction to the dullest and most prejudicial.
He had the happiest possible way of putting the case, in asking
questions in such a way that they answer themselves, and in stating his
premises so clearly that the deduction could not be avoided.
Day and night he labored for America. Month after month, year after
year, he gave himself to the great cause, until there was "a government
of the people and for the people," and until the banner of the stars
floated over a continent redeemed and consecrated to the happiness of
mankind.
At the close of the Revolution no one stood higher in America than
Thomas Paine. The best, the wisest, the most patriotic were his
friends and admirers; and had he been thinking only of his own good he
might have rested from his toils and spent the remainder of his life in
comfort and in ease. He could have been what the world is pleased to
call "respectable." He would have died surrounded by clergymen,
warriors, and statesmen, and at his death there would have been an
imposing funeral, miles of carriages, civic societies, salvos of
artillery, a Nation in mourning, and, above all, a splendid monument
covered with lies. He choose rather to benefit mankind. At that time
the seeds sown by the great infidels were beginning to bear fruit in
France. The eighteenth century was crowning its gray hairs with the
wreath of progress.
On every hand science was bearing testimony against the church.
Voltaire had filled Europe with light. D'Holbach was giving to the
elite of Paris the principles contained in his "System of Nature." The
encyclopaedists had attacked superstition with information for the
masses. The foundation of things began to be examined. A few had the
courage to keep their shoes on and let the bush burn. Miracles began
to get scarce. Everywhere the people began to inquire. America had
set an example to the world. The word liberty was in the mouths of
men, and they began to wipe the dust from their superstitious knees.
The dawn of a new day had appeared. Thomas Paine went to France.
Into the new
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Produced by Graeme Mackreth and The Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
THE UTAH BATTERIES:
A HISTORY.
THE UTAH BATTERIES:
A HISTORY.
A COMPLETE ACCOUNT OF THE MUSTER-IN, SEA VOYAGE,
BATTLES, SKIRMISHES AND BARRACK LIFE
OF THE UTAH BATTERIES, TOGETHER
WITH BIOGRAPHIES OF OFFICERS
AND MUSTER-OUT ROLLS.
by
CHARLES R. MABEY,
LATE A SERGEANT OF LIGHT BATTERY A, UTAH VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.
ILLUSTRATED.
SALT LAKE CITY,
1900.
COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR.
DAILY REPORTER CO., PRINTERS, 158-160 S. WEST TEMPLE ST.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
TO THE UTAH BATTERYMEN
WHO BRAVELY FOUGHT FOR THEIR COUNTRY'S FLAG ON A FOREIGN
SOIL, THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
BY
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE.
Sometime after the Utah Battalion left San Francisco for the Philippines
the author conceived the idea of writing a history of that organization
after its return from the war. With this purpose in view he kept a diary
during the entire campaign and also collected what other material that
could be utilized for such a work. Immediately upon the arrival in Salt
Lake City of the discharged volunteers he, with others, set to work to
bring about a completion of this plan. This little volume represents the
result of the labor expended at intervals between that date and the
present time. The author claims no more for it than its title assumes--a
brief history of the Utah batteries. It is no more. There may be some
works in the future which will command, to a greater extent, the
attention of the reading public. This is not written with the idea that
it will become a standard work, but that while those events which
happened are yet green in the memories of the Utah artillerymen, they
may be recorded and not be consigned to oblivion. The author trusts he
may not be asserting too much when he affirms that the book is written
with a strict adherence to facts, as he has had access both to public
and private data in the compiling of the work, and he has been
scrupulously careful in guarding against errors of every description. At
this opportunity he takes pleasure in thanking those officers and men
who have helped him in bringing about an accomplishment of his plans,
and furthermore, he wishes to extend his thanks to Angus K. Nicholson
for his contributions and a like communication to those friends who have
given him timely advice and aid in disposing of difficulties which have
arisen from time to time.
BOUNTIFUL, January 25, 1900.
CONTENTS.
PAGE 7
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION 13
CHAPTER I.--The Mustering 16
CHAPTER II.--Barrack Life 24
CHAPTER III.--The Insurrection 36
CHAPTER IV.--The Gunboats 77
CHAPTER V.--The Home Coming 90
MAJOR RICHARD W. YOUNG 102
MAJOR FRANK A. GRANT 103
CAPTAIN E.A. WEDGEWOOD 105
CAPTAIN JOHN F. CRITCHLOW 106
LIEUTENANT GEORGE W. GIBBS 108
LIEUTENANT RAYMOND C. NAYLOR 109
LIEUTENANT ORRIN R. GROW 110
LIEUTENANT WILLIAM C. WEBB 112
LIEUTENANT GEORGE A. SEAMAN 113
LIEUTENANT FRANK T. HINES 114
LIEUTENANT JOHN A. ANDERSON 115
SERGEANT HARRY A. YOUNG 116
SERGEANT FORD FISHER 118
ROSTER--Battery A 120
Battery B 125
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
A FAMILIAR SCENE 27
OLD GUARD FATIGUE AT THE CUARTEL 33
LIEUTENANT GIBBS' SECTION
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Produced by MWS and the Online Distributed Proofreading
Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
The listed errata have been corrected (although the list is by no
means comprehensive), as have obvious typos. However, the original
text contained inconsistencies in hyphenation, accents and sometimes
spelling--these have been retained.
Much of the text of this book is in old French or the Guernsey French
dialect, and may not conform to the expectations of a modern reader of
the language.
Normal text within italic passages is denoted ~like this~.
The Preface refers to “three sizes of type” distinguishing the main text,
notes by the author and notes by the editor. This cannot be easily
reproduced in the text version, but has been in the HTML. The author’s
notes are footnotes. The editor’s notes--some footnotes, some not--always
have “EDITOR’S NOTE” prefixed.
GUERNSEY FOLK-LORE.
[Illustration: SIR EDGAR MACCULLOCH
IN HIS ROBES AS BAILIFF OF GUERNSEY.]
GUERNSEY FOLK-LORE
A COLLECTION OF
_POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS, LEGENDARY TALES,
PECULIAR CUSTOMS, PROVERBS, WEATHER SAYINGS, ETC.,
OF THE PEOPLE OF THAT ISLAND_.
FROM MSS. BY THE LATE
SIR EDGAR MACCULLOCH, KNT., F.S.A., &c.
_Bailiff of Guernsey_.
EDITED BY EDITH F. CAREY.
_ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS PHOTOGRAPHS OF OLD PRINTS, ETC._
LONDON:
ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.
GUERNSEY: F. CLARKE, STATES ARCADE.
1903.
“IN WINTER’S TEDIOUS NIGHTS SIT BY THE FIRE
WITH GOOD OLD FOLKS, AND LET THEM TELL THEE TALES
OF WOEFUL AGES LONG AGO BETID.”--K. RICHARD II., ACT V., SC. 1.
“LA LEGENDE, LE MYTHE, LA FABLE, SONT, COMME LA CONCENTRATION
DE LA VIE NATIONALE, COMME DES RESERVOIRS PROFONDS OU DORMENT
LE SANG ET LES LARMES DES PEUPLES.”--BAUDELAIRE.
AUTHOR’S PREFACE.
Of late years the ancient superstitions of the people, their legendary
tales, their proverbial sayings, and, in fine, all that is designated
by the comprehensive term of “Folk-Lore,” have attracted much and
deserved attention. Puerile as are many of these subjects, they
become interesting when a comparison is instituted amongst them as
they exist in various countries. It is then seen how wide is their
spread--how, for example, the same incident in a fairy tale, modified
according to the manners and customs of the people by whom it is
related, extends from the remotest east to the westernmost confines
of Europe, and is even found occasionally to re-appear among the wild
tribes of the American Continent, and the isolated inhabitants of
Polynesia. The ethnologist may find in this an argument for the common
origin of all nations, and their gradual spread from one central
point,--the philosopher and psychologist may speculate on the wonderful
construction of the human mind, and, throwing aside the idea of the
unity of the race, may attribute the similarities of tradition to an
innate set of ideas, which find their expression in certain definite
forms,--while the historian and antiquary may sometimes discover
in these popular traditions, a confirmation or explanation of some
doubtful point. Lastly, he whose sole object is amusement, and whose
taste is not entirely vitiated by the exaggerated and exciting fiction
of modern times, will turn with pleasure to the simple tales which have
amused his childhood, and which are ever fresh and ever new.
Much of this ancient lore has already perished, and much is every
day disappearing before the influence of the printing press, and the
consequent extension of education. This would scarcely be regretted,
if, at the same time, the degrading superstitions with which much
of these old traditions are mixed up could disappear with them, but
unfortunately we find by experience that this is not the case, and that
these popular delusions only disappear in one form to re-appear in
another, equally, if not more, dangerous.
A desire to preserve, before they were entirely forgotten, some of the
traditional stories, and other matters connected with the folk-lore of
my native island, induced me to attempt to collect and record them,
but I have found the task, though pleasant, by no means easy. The last
fifty years has made an immense difference here as elsewhere. The
influx of a stranger population, and with it the growth and spread of
the English tongue, has changed, or modified considerably, the manners
and ideas of the people, more particularly in the town. Old customs
are forgotten by the rising generation, what amused their fathers
and mothers possesses little or no interest for their children, and
gradually even the recollection of these matters dies away. There are
good grounds for supposing that, although the belief in witchcraft
attained its greatest development in the century which succeeded the
Reformation, and was as much the creed of the clergy as of the laity,
other popular superstitions were looked upon with disfavour, and
especially all
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