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Produced by Giovanni Fini and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:
—Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected.
—Volumes I and II of this work have been published by Project Gutenberg:
-Vol. I: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/49104
-Vol. II: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/49118
THE
HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES
BY
JOSEPH FRANCOIS MICHAUD.
_TRANSLATED BY W. ROBSON._
A New Edition,
WITH PREFACE AND SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER BY
HAMILTON W. MABIE.
_IN THREE VOLUMES._
VOL. III.
NEW YORK:
A. C. ARMSTRONG & SON,
714 BROADWAY.
CONTENTS TO VOL. III.
BOOK XV.—A.D. 1255-1270.
EIGHTH CRUSADE.
Christian cities of Palestine fortified by Louis
IX.—Quarrels among the Crusaders—Divisions
among the Saracens—Aibek, sultan of Egypt,
assassinated—Chegger-Adour, the sultana,
assassinated—The Moguls, or Tartars, capture
Bagdad—Koutouz elected sultan of Egypt—The
Moguls capture the principal cities of Syria—The
general terror inspired among the Mussulmans and
Christians—Apprehensions of Bela IV., king of
Hungary—Assassination of Koutouz—The Mamelukes of
Egypt—Bibars proclaimed sultan of Egypt—Declares
war against the Christians of Palestine—The
Mamelukes defeat and exp
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Produced by Judith Boss. HTML version by Al Haines.
The Picture of Dorian Gray
by
Oscar Wilde
THE PREFACE
The artist is the creator of beautiful things. To reveal art and
conceal the artist is art's aim. The critic is he who can translate
into another manner or a new material his impression of beautiful
things.
The highest as the lowest form of criticism is a mode of autobiography.
Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without
being charming. This is a fault.
Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the
cultivated. For these there is hope. They are the elect to whom
beautiful things mean only beauty.
There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well
written, or badly written. That is all.
The nineteenth century dislike of realism is the rage of Caliban seeing
his own face in a glass.
The nineteenth century dislike of romanticism is the rage of Caliban
not seeing his own face in a glass. The moral life of man forms part
of the subject-matter of the artist, but the morality of art consists
in the perfect use of an imperfect medium. No artist desires to prove
anything. Even things that are true can be proved. No artist has
ethical sympathies. An ethical sympathy in an artist is an
unpardonable mannerism of style. No artist is ever morbid. The artist
can express everything. Thought and language are to the artist
instruments of an art. Vice and virtue are to the artist materials for
an art. From the point of view of form, the type of all the arts is
the art of the musician. From the point of view of feeling, the
actor's craft is the type. All art is at once surface and symbol.
Those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril. Those who read
the symbol do so at their peril. It is the spectator, and not life,
that art really mirrors. Diversity of opinion about a work of art
shows that the work is new, complex, and vital. When critics disagree,
the artist is in accord with himself. We can forgive a man for making
a useful thing as long as he does not admire it. The only excuse for
making a useless thing is that one admires it intensely.
All art is quite useless.
OSCAR WILDE
CHAPTER 1
The studio was filled with the rich odour of roses, and when the light
summer wind stirred amidst the trees of the garden, there came through
the open door the heavy scent of the lilac, or the more delicate
perfume of the pink-flowering thorn.
From the corner of the divan of Persian saddle-bags on which he was
lying, smoking, as was his custom, innumerable cigarettes, Lord Henry
Wotton could just catch the gleam of the honey-sweet and honey-
blossoms of a laburnum, whose tremulous branches seemed hardly able to
bear the burden of a beauty so flamelike as theirs; and now and then
the fantastic shadows of birds in flight flitted across the long
tussore-silk curtains that were stretched in front of the huge window,
producing a kind of momentary Japanese effect, and making him think of
those pallid, jade-faced painters of Tokyo who, through the medium of
an art that is necessarily immobile, seek to convey the sense of
swiftness and motion. The sullen murmur of the bees shouldering their
way through the long unmown grass, or circling with monotonous
insistence round the dusty gilt horns of the straggling woodbine,
seemed to make the stillness more oppressive. The dim roar of London
was like the bourdon note of a distant organ.
In the centre of the room, clamped to an upright easel, stood the
full-length portrait of a young man of extraordinary personal beauty,
and in front of it, some little distance away, was sitting the artist
himself, Basil Hallward, whose sudden disappearance some years ago
caused, at the time, such public excitement and gave rise to so many
strange conjectures.
As the painter looked at the gracious and comely form he had so
skilfully mirrored in his art, a smile of pleasure passed across his
face, and seemed about to linger there. But he suddenly started up,
and closing his eyes, placed his fingers upon the lids, as though he
sought to imprison within his brain some curious dream from which he
feared he might awake.
"It is your best work, Basil, the best thing you have ever done," said
Lord Henry languidly. "You must certainly send it next year to the
Grosvenor. The Academy is too large and too vulgar. Whenever I have
gone there, there have been either so many people that I have not been
able to see the pictures, which was dreadful, or so many pictures that
I have not been able to see the
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E-text prepared by Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading
Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
Internet Archive (http://archive.org)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 41665-h.htm or 41665-h.zip:
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41665/41665-h/41665-h.htm)
or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41665/41665-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
http://archive.org/details/winningtouchdow00chadgoog
Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).
[Illustration: HE RAISED THE BALL IN HIS ARMS, AND PLACED IT OVER THE
CHALK MARK.]
THE WINNING TOUCHDOWN
A Story of College Football
by
LESTER CHADWICK
Author of "The Rival Pitchers," "A Quarter-Back's
Pluck," "Batting to Win," etc.
Illustrated
New York
Cupples & Leon Company
* * * * *
BOOKS BY LESTER CHADWICK
=THE COLLEGE SPORTS SERIES=
12mo. Illustrated
Price per volume, $1.00 postpaid
THE RIVAL PITCHERS
A Story of College Baseball
A QUARTER-BACK'S PLUCK
A Story of College Football
BATTING TO WIN
A Story of College Baseball
THE WINNING TOUCHDOWN
A Story of College Football
(Other volumes in preparation)
_Cupples & Leon Company, Publishers, New York_
* * * * *
Copyright 1911, by
Cupples & Leon Company
THE WINNING TOUCHDOWN
Printed in U. S. A.
CONTENTS
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Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
The Three Commanders, by W.H.G. Kingston.
________________________________________________________________________
This is the third in the tetralogy commencing "The Three Midshipmen" and
ending with "The Three Admirals," so the three principal characters will
have been familiar to Kingston's youthful readers. As with the other
books it is a very good introduction to Naval life in the middle of the
nineteenth century, but there are other things we can learn from this
book, as well.
The action soon after the start moves to East Africa, where we see how
the anti-slave trade was pursued. The British were against slavery, but
the Portuguese, the Americans, the Arabs, and some of the East African
states were getting on with it whenever the British backs were turned.
Then we move to the Crimea, where we get a very good view of the naval
participation in that war. If you want to know more about the Crimea,
you should definitely read this book.
Finally we move to the Pacific, to Sydney and to Hawaii. Here again it
is interesting, particularly with regard to the volcanoes of the Hawaii
group of islands.
________________________________________________________________________
THE THREE COMMANDERS, BY W.H.G. KINGSTON.
CHAPTER ONE.
MURRAY'S HIGHLAND HOME--A VISIT FROM ADMIRAL TRITON--ADAIR AND HIS
NEPHEW APPEAR--MURRAY APPOINTED TO THE OPAL, ADAIR FIRST LIEUTENANT--
PREPARATIONS FOR DEPARTURE--ADMIRAL TRITON AND MRS DEBORAH INVITE MRS
MURRAY TO STAY AT SOUTHSEA--THE OPAL AND HER CREW
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Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, Karen Dalrymple, and the
Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
(This file was produced from images generously made
available by Cornell University Digital Collections.)
The American Missionary
JANUARY, 1896
Vol. L
No. 1
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL.
THE NEW YEAR, 1
PAMPHLETS AND SPEECHES, 2
JUBILEE BELL BANK, 3
MEETING WOMAN'S BUREAU--CLIPPINGS, 3
THE CHINESE.
ENDEAVOR TESTIMONIES, 4
IN MEMORIAM.
PROF. GEO. L. WHITE, 6
MISS ADA M. SPRAGUE, 7
MRS. N. D. MERRIMAN--MISS LILLIAN BEYER, 8
BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK.
ANNUAL MEETING--REPORT OF SECRETARY, 9
ADDRESS OF MRS. SYDNEY STRONG, 13
ADDRESS OF MISS ANNETTE P. BRICKETT, 15
EXTRACTS FROM ADDRESS, MISS H. S. LOVELAND, 18
ADDRESS OF MRS. HARRIS, 20
EXTRACTS FROM ADDRESS OF MRS. WOODBURY, 21
WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS 23
RECEIPTS, 25
NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION,
Bible House, Ninth St. and Fourth Ave., New York.
Price, 50 Cents a Year in advance.
Entered at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class mail
matter.
* * * * *
American Missionary Association.
PRESIDENT, MERRILL E. GATES, LL.D., MASS.
_Vice-Presidents._
Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill.
Rev. ALEX. MCKENZIE, D.D., Mass.
Rev. HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., Mo.
Rev. HENRY A. STIMSON, D.D., N. Y.
Rev. WASHINGTON GLADDEN, D.D., Ohio.
_Honorary Secretary and Editor._
REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D.D., _Bible House, N. Y._
_Corresponding Secretaries._
Rev. A. F. BEARD, D.D., Rev. F. P. WOODBURY, D.D., _Bible House, N. Y._
Rev. C. J. RYDER, D.D., _Bible House, N. Y._
_Recording Secretary._
Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, D.D., _Bible House, N. Y._
_Treasurer._
H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., _Bible House, N. Y._
_Auditors._
GEORGE S. HICKOK.
JAMES H. OLIPHANT.
_Executive Committee._
CHARLES L. MEAD, Chairman.
CHARLES A. HULL, Secretary.
_For Three Years._
SAMUEL HOLMES,
SAMUEL S. MARPLES,
CHARLES L. MEAD,
WILLIAM H. STRONG,
ELIJAH HORR.
_For Two Years._
WILLIAM HAYES WARD,
JAMES W. COOPER,
LUCIEN C. WARNER,
JOSEPH H. TWICHELL,
CHARLES P. PEIRCE.
_For One Year._
CHARLES A. HULL,
ADDISON P. FOSTER,
ALBERT J. LYMAN,
NEHEMIAH BOYNTON,
A. J. F. BEHRENDS.
_District Secretaries._
Rev. GEO. H. GUTTERSON, _21 Cong'l House, Boston, Mass._
Rev. JOS. E. ROY, D.D., _153 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill._
_Secretary of Woman's Bureau._
Miss D. E. EMERSON, _Bible House, N. Y._
COMMUNICATIONS
Relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the
Corresponding Secretaries; letters for "THE AMERICAN MISSION
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Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Rod Crawford, Dave Morgan,
eagkw and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net
[Illustration: "I think my trunk is on this train," she
said.--_Page 7._]
MOLLY BROWN'S
FRESHMAN DAYS
By
NELL SPEED
_WITH FOUR HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS
BY CHARLES L. WRENN_
NEW YORK
HURST & COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
Copyright, 1912,
BY
HURST & COMPANY
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. WELLINGTON 5
II. THEIR NEIGHBOR 19
III. THE PROFESSOR 32
IV. A BUSY DAY 46
V. THE KENTUCKY SPREAD 62
VI. KNOTTY PROBLEMS 75
VII. AN INCIDENT OF THE COFFEE CUPS 86
VIII. CONCERNING CLUBS,--AND A TEA PARTY 99
IX. RUMORS AND MYSTERIES 115
X. JOKES AND CROAKS 130
XI. EXMOOR COLLEGE 140
XII. SUNDAY MORNING BREAKFAST 152
XIII. TRICKERY 164
XIV. AN INSPIRATION 177
XV. PLANNING AND WISHING 188
XVI. THE MCLEAN SUPPER 204
XVII. A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 216
XVIII. THE FOOTBALL GAME 230
XIX. THREE FRIENDS 241
XX. MISS
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Produced by Emmy, Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
produced from scanned images of public domain material
from the Google Print project.)
AUNT CRETE’S EMANCIPATION
[Illustration: “SHE WATCHED LUELLA’S DISMAYED FACE WITH GROWING
ALARM”]
Aunt Crete’s Emancipation
BY
GRACE LIVINGSTON HILL-LUTZ
Author of “The Girl from Montana,”
“The Story of a Whim,” Etc.
ILLUSTRATIONS BY
CLARA E. ATWOOD
THE GOLDEN RULE COMPANY
TREMONT TEMPLE
BOSTON, MASS.
_Copyright, 1911_
BY THE GOLDEN RULE COMPANY
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. A TELEGRAM AND A FLIGHT 11
II. THE BACKWOODS COUSIN 25
III. A WONDERFUL DAY 39
IV. AUNT CRETE TRANSFORMED 61
V. LUELLA AND HER MOTHER ARE MYSTIFIED 79
VI. AN EMBARRASSING MEETING 96
VII. LUELLA’S HUMILIATION 117
VIII. AUNT CRETE’S PARTNERSHIP 132
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
“SHE WATCHED LUELLA’S DISMAYED FACE WITH GROWING
ALARM” _Frontispiece_
“HE HELPED WITH VIGOR” 31
“DONALD WATCHED HER WITH SATISFACTION” 52
“SHE BEAMED UPON THE WHOLE TRAINFUL OF PEOPLE” 63
“‘SOMEWHERE I HAVE SEEN THAT WOMAN,’ EXCLAIMED LUELLA’S
MOTHER” 81
“THEY STOOD FACE TO FACE WITH THE WONDERFUL LADY IN
THE GRAY GOWN” 102
“‘IT’S A LIE! I SAY IT’S A LIE!’” 123
“AUNT CRETE WAS AT LAST EMANCIPATED” 143
Aunt Crete’s Emancipation
CHAPTER I
A TELEGRAM AND A FLIGHT
“WHO’S at the front door?” asked Luella’s mother, coming in from
the kitchen with a dish-towel in her hand. “I thought I heard the
door-bell.”
“Luella’s gone to the door,” said her sister from her vantage-point at
the crack of the sitting-room door. “It looks to me like a telegraph
boy.”
“It couldn’t be, Crete,” said Luella’s mother impatiently, coming to
see for herself. “Who would telegraph now that Hannah’s dead?”
Lucretia was short and dumpy, with the comfortable, patient look of the
maiden aunt that knows she is indispensable because she will meekly
take all the burdens that no one else wants to bear. Her sister could
easily look over her head into the hall, and her gaze was penetrative
and alert.
“I’m sure I don’t know, Carrie,” said Lucretia apprehensively; “but I’m
all of a tremble. Telegrams are dreadful things.”
“Nonsense, Crete, you always act like such a baby. Hurry up, Luella.
Don’t stop to read it. Your aunt Crete will have a fit. Wasn’t there
anything to pay? Who is it for?”
Luella, a rather stout young woman in stylish attire, with her mother’s
keen features unsoftened by sentiment, advanced, irreverently tearing
open her mother’s telegram and reading it as she came. It was one of
the family grievances that Luella was stout like her aunt instead
of tall and slender like her mother. The aunt always felt secretly
that they somehow blamed her for being of that type. “It makes one so
hard to fit,” Luella’s mother remarked frequently, and adding with a
disparaging glance at her sister’s dumpy form, “So impossible!”
At such times the aunt always wrinkled up her pleasant little
forehead into a V upside down, and trotted off to her kitchen, or her
buttonholes, or whatever was the present task, sighing helplessly. She
tried to be the best that she could always; but one couldn’t help one’s
figure, especially when one was partly dependent on one’s family for
support, and dressmakers and tailors took so much money. It was bad
enough to have one stout figure to fit in the family without two; and
the aunt always felt called upon to have as little dressmaking done
as possible, in order that Luella’s figure might be improved from the
slender treasury. “Clothes do make a big difference,” she reflected.
And sometimes when she was all alone in the twilight, and there was
really nothing that her alert conscience could possibly put her hand to
doing for the moment, she amused herself by thinking what kind of dress
she would buy, and who should make it, if she should suddenly attain a
fortune. But this was a harmless amusement, inasmuch as she never let
it make her discontented with her lot, or ruffle her placid brow for an
instant.
But just now she was “all of a tremble,” and the V in her forehead was
rapidly becoming a double V. She watched Luella’s dismayed face with
growing alarm.
“For goodness’ sake alive!” said Luella, flinging herself into the most
comfortable rocker, and throwing her mother’s telegram on the table.
“That’s not to be tolerated! Something’ll have to be done. We’ll have
to go to the shore at once, mother. I should die of mortification to
have a country cousin come around just now. What would the Grandons
think if they saw him? I can’t afford to ruin all my chances for a
cousin I’ve never seen. Mother, you simply must do something. I won’t
stand it!”
“What in the world are you talking about, Luella?” said her mother
impatiently. “Why didn’t you read the telegram aloud, or why didn’t you
give it to me at once? Where are my glasses?”
The aunt waited meekly while her sister found her glasses, and read the
telegram.
“Well, I declare! That is provoking to have him turn up just now of
all times. Something must be done, of course. We can’t have a gawky
Westerner around in the way. And, as you say, we’ve never seen him. It
can’t make much difference to him whether he sees us or not. We can
hurry off, and be conveniently out of the way. It’s probably only a
‘duty visit’ he’s paying, anyway. Hannah’s been dead ten years, and
I always heard
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Produced by David Widger
COMIC BIBLE SKETCHES
Reprinted From "The Freethinker"
By G. W. Foote
Part I.
London:
Progressive Publishing Company
28 Stonecutter Street, E.C.
1885.
INTRODUCTION.
English literature has its Comic Histories, its Comic Grammars, its
Comic Geographies, and its Comic Law-Books, and Carlyle once prophesied
that it would some day boast its Comic Bible. Tough as the fine old
Sage of Chelsea was, he predicted this monstrosity with something of the
horror a barbarian might feel at the thought of some irreverent fellow
deliberately laughing at the tribal fetish. But what shocked our
latter-day prophet so greatly in mere anticipation has partially come to
pass. "La Bible Amusante" has had an extensive sale in France, and the
infectious irreverence has extended itself to England. Notwithstanding
that Mr. G. R. Sims, when he saw the first numbers of that abominable
publication, piously turned up the whites of his eyes, and declared his
opinion that no English Freethinker, however extreme, would think of
reproducing or imitating them, there were found persons so utterly
abandoned as not to scruple at this unparalleled profanity. Several
of the French drawings were copied with more or less fidelity in the
_Freethinker_, a scandalous print, as the Christians love to describe
it, which has been prosecuted twice for Blasphemy, and whose editor,
proprietor and publisher, have been punished respectively with twelve,
nine and three months' imprisonment like common felons, all for the
glory and honor of God, for the satisfaction of his dear Son, and for
the vindication of the Holy Spirit. In many cases the French originals
could not be reproduced in England, owing to their Gallic flavor. A
Parisian artist, disporting himself among those highly moral histories
in the Bible which our youths and maidens discover with unerring
instinct, was not a spectacle which one could dare to exhibit before
the pious and chaste British public; any more than an English poet could
follow the lead of Evariste Parny in his "Guerre des Dieux" and "Les
Amours de la Bible." But many others were free from this objection, and
a selection of them served as a basis for the Freethinker artist to work
on. A few were copied pretty closely; some were elaborated and adapted
to our national taste; while others furnished a central suggestion,
which was treated in an independent manner. By-and-bye, as the insular
diffidence wore off, and the minds of the Freethinker staff played
freely on the subject, a new departure was taken; novel ideas were
worked out, and Holy Writ was ransacked for fresh comicalities. Dullards
prophesied a speedy exhaustion of Bible topics, but they did not know
how inexhaustible it is in absurdities. Properly read, it is the most
comical book in the world; and one might say of it, as Enobarbus says
of Cleopatra, that Age cannot wither it, nor custom stale; it's infinite
variety.
The following Comic Bible Sketches, which will be succeeded in due
course by others, comprise all those worth preserving that appeared
in the Freethinker before its editor, proprietor and publisher were
imprisoned, including the drawings they were prosecuted for by that
pious guinea: pig, Sir Henry Tyler, who had his dirty fingers severely
rapped by Lord Coleridge, after spending several hundred pounds of
somebody's money in an unsuccessful Blasphemy prosecution, in order to
patch up his threadbare reputation, and perhaps also with a faint hope
of cheating the Almighty into reserving him a front-seat ticket for the
dress-circle in heaven.
The French Comic Bible prints under each illustration a few crisp lines
of satiric narrative. This plan has its advantages; it allows, for
instance, the writer's pen to curvet as well as the artist's pencil. But
it is after all less effective than the plan we have adopted. We merely
give each picture a comprehensive and striking title, and print beneath
it the Bible text which is illustrated. By this means the satire is
greatly heightened. Not even the sentences of a Voltaire could so
illuminate and emphasise the grotesqueness of each topic as this
juxtaposition of the solemnly absurd Scripture with the gaily absurd
illustration.
The same spirit has animated us in designing the pictures. Our object
has been to take the Bible text always as our basis, to include
no feature which is contradicted by it, and to introduce as many
comicalities and anachronisms as possible consistently with this rule.
We are therefore able to defy criticism. Bibliolators may vituperate us,
persecute us, or imprison us, but they cannot refute us.. We can safely
challenge them to prove that a single incident happened otherwise than
we have depicted it. We can candidly say to them--"The thing must have
happened in some way, as to which the Divine Word is silent; this is
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WASHINGTON***
E-text prepared by Suzanne Shell, Project Gutenberg Beginners Projects,
Mary Meehan, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
THE AUTOMOBILE GIRLS AT WASHINGTON
or, Checkmating the Plots of Foreign Spies
By
LAURA DENT CRANE
Author of The Automobile Girls at Newport, The Automobile Girls in the
Berkshires, The Automobile Girls Along the Hudson, The Automobile Girls
at Chicago, The Automobile Girls at Palm Beach, etc.
1913
[Illustration: A Fat Chinese Gentleman Stood Regarding Her.
(Frontispiece)]
CONTENTS
Chapter
I. A Chance Meeting
II. Cabinet Day in Washington
III. Mr. Tu Fang Wu
IV. At the Chinese Embassy
V. Sub Rosa
VI. The Arrest
VII. Mollie's Temptation
VIII. At the White House
IX. Bab's Discovery
X. The Confession
XI. In Mr. Hamlin's Study
XII. Barbara's Secret Errand
XIII. A Foolish Girl
XIV. "Grant No Favors!"
XV. Bab Refuses to Grant a Favor
XVI. Barbara's Unexpected Good Luck
XVII. The White Veil
XVIII. A Tangled Web or Circumstance
XIX. Harriet in Danger
XX. Foiled!
XXI. The Discovery
XXII. Oil on the Troubled Waters
XXIII. Suspense and the Reward
XXIV. Home at Laurel Cottage
CHAPTER I
A CHANCE MEETING
Barbara Thurston stood at the window of a large old-fashioned house,
looking out into Connecticut Avenue. It was almost dark. An occasional
light twinkled outside in the street, but the room in which Barbara was
stationed was still shrouded in twilight.
Suddenly she heard a curtain at the farther end of the drawing-room
rustle faintly.
Bab turned and saw a young man standing between the curtains, peering
into the shadows with a pair of near-sighted eyes.
Barbara started. The stranger had entered the room through a small study
that adjoined it. He seemed totally unaware of any other presence, for he
was whistling softly: "Kathleen Mavourneen."
"I beg your pardon," Bab began impulsively, "but are you looking for
some one?"
The newcomer flashed a charming smile at Barbara. He did not seem in the
least surprised at her appearance.
"No," he declared cheerfully, "I was not looking for any one or anything.
The butler told me Mr. Hamlin and Harriet were both out. But, I say,
don't you think I am fortunate to have found you quite by accident! I
came in here to loaf a few minutes."
Barbara frowned slightly. The young man's manner was surprisingly
familiar, and she had never seen him before in her life.
"I hope I am not disturbing you," he went on gayly. "I am an attache of
the Russian legation, and a friend of Miss Hamlin's. I came with a
message for Mr. Hamlin. I was wondering if it were worth while to wait
for him. But I can go away if I am troublesome."
"Oh, no, you are not disturbing me in the least," Barbara returned. "I
expect Miss Hamlin and my friends soon. We arrived in Washington last
night, and the other girls have gone out to a reception. I had a headache
and stayed at home. Won't you be seated while I ring for the butler to
turn on the lights?"
The newcomer sat down, gravely watching Barbara.
"Would you like me to guess who you are?" he asked, after half a
minute's silence.
Bab laughed. "I am sure you will give me the first chance to tell you
your name. I did not recognize you at first. But I believe Harriet told
us about you last night. She described several of her Washington friends
to us. You are Peter Dillon, aren't you?"
"At your service," declared the young attache, who looked almost boyish.
"But now give me my opportunity. I do not know your name, but I have
guessed this much. You are an 'Automobile Girl!' Permit me to bid you
welcome to Washington."
Barbara nodded her head decidedly. "Yes, I am Barbara Thurston, one of
the 'Automobile Girls.' There are four of us. Harriet has probably
explained to you. My sister, Mollie Thurston, Grace Carter, Ruth Stuart
and I form the quartet. Mr. William Hamlin is Ruth's uncle. So we are
going to spend a few weeks here with Harriet and see the Capital. I have
never been in Washington before."
"Then you have a new world before you, Miss Thurston," said the young
man, his manner changing. "Washington is like no other city in the world,
I think. I have been here for four years. Before that time I had lived in
Dublin, in Paris, in St. Petersburg."
"Then you are not an American!" exclaimed Bab, regarding the young man
with interest.
"I am a man without a country, Miss Thurston." Bab's visitor laughed
carelessly. "Or,
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NORTH CORNWALL FAIRIES AND LEGENDS
By
ENYS TREGARTHEN
Author of 'The Piskey-Purse'
With introduction by Howard Fox, F.G.S.
Illustrated
London
Wells Gardner, Darton & Co., Ltd.
3, Paternoster Buildings, E.C.
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction xi
The Adventures of a Piskey in Search of his Laugh 1
The Legend of the Padstow Doombar 51
The Little Cake-bird 71
The Impounded Crows 99
The Piskeys' Revenge 113
The Old Sky Woman 125
Reefy, Reefy Rum 131
The Little Horses and Horsemen of Padstow 139
How Jan Brewer was Piskey-laden 149
The Small People's Fair 159
The Piskeys who did Aunt Betsy's Work 165
The Piskeys Who carried their Beds 177
The Fairy Whirlwind 183
Notes 189
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
Tintagel Castle Frontispiece
King Arthur's Castle, looking North 9
Tintagel Castle 15
By Rough Tor's granite-piled height the bright
little Lantern went 21
'Night-riders, Night-riders, please stop!' 37
'Which is still called King Arthur's Seat' 45
Lifeboat going over the bar of doom 53
Tristram Bird could see over the maiden's head
into the pool 55
Trebetherick Bay 62
Chapel Stile 65
'It is the Mermaid's wraith,' cried an old
Granfer man 67
Tregoss Moor 73
On the way to Tamsin's Cottage 75
'I hear them laughing. Listen, Grannie!' 83
The Roche Rocks 85
He stepped on to Phillida's nose as light as the
feathers of the old Sky Woman 91
'All the crows in the parish came as they were
bidden' 101
'Perhaps you would like to hear the crows' version
of the tale?' 105
The Piskeys got in and ate up the bowl of junket,
and passed out the biscuits 118
'The Old Sky Woman sweeping out the Sky Goose's
house' 128
She took to her heels and ran for her life 135
Saw them standing on the tile-ridge 141
They galloped much faster than he could run 145
Ruins of Constantine Church 153
They began to dance round him 157
Nannie went on the moors again, and Tinker
followed her 172
INTRODUCTION
The tales contained in this little volume of North Cornwall fairy
stories, by Enys Tregarthen, are either founded on folk-lore or they
are folk-lore pure and simple.
The scene of the first story is laid amid the ancient walls and
gateways of 'Grim Dundagel thron'd along the sea,' and other places
not quite so well known by those who live beyond the Cornish land,
but which, nevertheless, have a fascination of their own, especially
Dozmare Pool, where Tregeagle's unhappy spirit worked at his hopeless
task of emptying the pool with a crozan or limpet-shell 'that had a
hole in it.'
This large inland lake, one mile in circumference, is of unusual
interest, not only because of the Tregeagle legend that centres
round Dozmare, but from a tradition, which many believe, that it
was to this desolate moor, with its great tarn, that Sir Bedivere,
King Arthur's faithful knight, brought the wounded King after the
last great battle at Slaughter Bridge, on the banks of the Camel.
A wilder and more untamed spot could hardly be found even in Cornwall
than Dozmare Pool and the barren moors surrounding it. As one stands
by its dark waters, looking away towards the bare granite-crowned
hills and listening to the wind sighing among the reeds and rushes
and the coarse grass, one can realize to the full the weird legends
connected with it, and one can see in imagination the huge figure of
Tregeagle bending over the pool, dipping out the water with his poor
little limpet-shell.
The Tregeagle legends are still believed in. When people go out to
Dozmare Pool, they do not mention Tregeagle's name for fear that the
Giant will suddenly appear and chase them over the moors!
On the golden spaces of St. Minver sand-hills the legends about this
unearthly personage are not so easily realized, except on a dark
winter's night, when the wind rages fiercely over the dunes and one
hears a fearful sound, which the natives say is Tregeagle roaring
because the sand-
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Play School Series
Edited by Clark W. Hetherington
EDUCATING BY STORY-TELLING
Showing the
Value of Story-Telling as an Educational
Tool for the Use of All Workers
with Children
by
KATHERINE DUNLAP CATHER
Author of “Boyhood Stories of Famous Men,”
“Pan and His Pipes and Other Stories,”
“The Singing Clock”
[Illustration]
Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York
World Book Company
1918
* * * * * *
WORLD BOOK COMPANY
THE HOUSE OF APPLIED KNOWLEDGE
Established, 1905, by Caspar W. Hodgson
YONKERS-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK
2126 PRAIRIE AVENUE, CHICAGO
The Play School Series, of which _Educating by Story-Telling_ is a
member, is based on the work of the Demonstration Play School of the
University of California. Breaking away from the traditional idea of
the subjects of study, this school has substituted a curriculum of
activities—the natural activities of child life—out of which subjects
of study naturally evolve. Succeeding volumes now in active preparation
will relate to the other activities which form the educational basis
for the work of the Play School, including Social, Linguistic, Moral,
Big-Muscle, Rhythmic and Musical, Environmental and Nature, and Economic
Activities. Each volume will be written by a recognized authority in the
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CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY SCIENCE MANUALS.
GEOLOGY
BY
JAMES GEIKIE, LL.D., F.R.S.
OF H.M. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY; AUTHOR OF
'THE GREAT ICE AGE.'
[Logo]
W. & R. CHAMBERS
LONDON AND EDINBURGH
1883
Edinburgh:
Printed by W. and R. Chambers.
PREFACE.
The vital importance of diffusing some knowledge of the leading
principles of Science among all classes of society, is becoming daily
more widely and deeply felt; and to meet and promote this important
movement, W. & R. CHAMBERS have resolved on issuing the present Series
of ELEMENTARY SCIENCE MANUALS. The Editors believe that they enjoy
special facilities for the successful execution of such an undertaking,
owing to their long experience--now extending over a period of forty
years--in the work of popular education, as well as to their having the
co-operation of writers specially qualified to treat the several
subjects. In particular, they are happy in having the editorial
assistance of ANDREW FINDLATER, LL.D., to whose labours they were so
much indebted in the work of editing and preparing _Chamber's
Encyclopaedia_.
The Manuals of this series are intended to serve two somewhat different
purposes:
1. They are designed, in the first place, for SELF-INSTRUCTION, and will
present, in a form suitable for private study, the main subjects
entering into an enlightened education; so that young persons in earnest
about self-culture may be able to master them for themselves.
2. The other purpose of the Manuals is, to serve as TEXT-BOOKS IN
SCHOOLS. The mode of treatment naturally adopted in what is to be
studied without a teacher, so far from being a drawback in a
school-manual, will, it is believed, be a positive advantage. Instead of
a number of abrupt statements being presented, to be taken on trust and
learned, as has been the usual method in school-teaching; the subject is
made, as far as possible, to unfold itself gradually, as if the pupil
were discovering the principles himself, the chief function of the book
being, to bring the materials before him, and to guide him by the
shortest road to the discovery. This is now acknowledged to be the only
profitable method of acquiring knowledge, whether as regards
self-instruction or learning at school.
For simplification in teaching, the subject has been divided into
sub-sections or articles, which are numbered continuously; and a series
of Questions, in corresponding divisions, has been appended. These
Questions, while they will enable the private student to test for
himself how far he has mastered the several parts of the subject as he
proceeds, will serve the teacher of a class as specimens of the more
detailed and varied examination to which he should subject his pupils.
NOTE BY THE AUTHOR.
In the present Manual of GEOLOGY it has been the aim of the author
rather to indicate the methods of geological inquiry and reasoning, than
to present the learner with a tedious summary of results. Attention has
therefore been directed chiefly to the physical branches of the
science--Palaeontology and Historical Geology, which are very large
subjects of themselves, having been only lightly touched upon. The
student who has attained to a fair knowledge of the scope and bearing of
Physical Geology, should have little difficulty in subsequently tackling
those manuals in which the results obtained by geological investigation
are specially treated of.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
INTRODUCTORY 7
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS 8
MINERALOGY 12
ROCK-FORMING MINERALS 14
PETROLOGY--
MECHANICALLY FORMED ROCKS 17
CHEMICALLY FORMED ROCKS 19
ORGANICALLY DERIVED ROCKS 20
METAMORPHIC ROCKS 21
IGNEOUS ROCKS 23
STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF ROCK-MASSES--
Stratification, &c.; Mud-cracks and Rain-prints;
Succession of Strata; Extent of Beds; Sequence of
Beds--Joints; Cleavage; Foliation; Concretions;
Inclination of Strata; Contemporaneous Erosion;
Unconformability; Overlap; Faults; Mode of
Occurrence of Metamorphic and Igneous Rocks;
Mineral Veins 26-46
DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY--
THE ATMOSPHERE AS A GEOLOGICAL AGENT OF CHANGE 46
WATER AS A GEOLOGICAL AGENT OF CHANGE 48
GEOLOGICAL ACTION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS 60
SUBTERRANEAN FORCES 64
METAMORPHISM 72
PHYSIOGRAPHY 74
PALAEONTOLOGY 77
HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
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_BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY_
PLUTARCH'S MORALS
GEORGE BELL & SONS,
LONDON: YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN
NEW YORK: 66, FIFTH AVENUE, AND
BOMBAY: 53, ESILANADE ROAD
CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.
PLUTARCH'S MORALS
ETHICAL ESSAYS
TRANSLATED
WITH NOTES AND INDEX
BY ARTHUR RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A.
_Sometime Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge,
Translator of Pausanias._
[Illustration]
LONDON
GEORGE BELL AND SONS
1898
CHISWICK PRESS:--CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT,
CHANCERY LANE.
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber's note: The original book uses often colons |
| instead of semicolons. Spelling of proper names is |
| different in different pages and some words occur in |
| hyphemated and unhyphenated forms. These have not been |
| changed. A couple of commas and periods have been added or |
| removed to improve the reading and only obvious spelling |
| errors have been corrected. |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
PREFACE.
Plutarch, who was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia, probably about A.D. 50,
and was a contemporary of Tacitus and Pliny, has written two works still
extant, the well-known _Lives_, and the less-known _Moralia_. The
_Lives_ have often been translated, and have always been a popular work.
Great indeed was their power at the period of the French Revolution. The
_Moralia_, on the other hand, consisting of various Essays on various
subjects (only twenty-six of which are directly ethical, though they
have given their name to the _Moralia_), are declared by Mr. Paley "to
be practically almost unknown to most persons in Britain, even to those
who call themselves scholars."[1] _Habent etiam sua fata libelli._
In older days the _Moralia_ were more valued. Montaigne, who was a great
lover of Plutarch, and who observes in one passage of his Essays that
"Plutarch and Seneca were the only two books of solid learning he
seriously settled himself to read," quotes as much from the _Moralia_ as
from the _Lives_. And in the seventeenth century I cannot but think the
_Moralia_ were largely read at our Universities, at least at the
University of Cambridge. For, not to mention the wonderful way in which
the famous Jeremy Taylor has taken the cream of "Conjugal Precepts" in
his Sermon called "The Marriage Ring," or the large and copious use he
has made in his "Holy Living" of three other Essays in this volume,
namely, those "On Curiosity," "On Restraining Anger," and "On
Contentedness of Mind," proving conclusively what a storehouse he found
the _Moralia_, we have evidence that that most delightful poet, Robert
Herrick, read the _Moralia_, too, when at Cambridge, so that one cannot
but think it was a work read in the University course generally in those
days. For in a letter to his uncle written from Cambridge, asking for
books or money for books, he makes the following remark: "How kind
Arcisilaus the philosopher was unto Apelles the painter, Plutark in his
Morals will tell you."[2]
In 1882 the Reverend C. W. King, Senior Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge, translated the six "Theosophical Essays" of the _Moralia_,
forming a volume in Bohn's Classical Library. The present volume
consists of the twenty-six "Ethical Essays," which are, in my opinion,
the cream of the _Moralia_, and constitute a highly interesting series
of treatises on what might be called "The Ethics of the Hearth and
Home." I have grouped these Essays in such a manner as to enable the
reader to read together such as touch on the same or on kindred
subjects.
As is well known, the text of the _Moralia_ is very corrupt, and the
reading very doubtful, in many places. In eight of the twenty-six Essays
in this volume I have had the invaluable help of the text of Rudolf
Hercher; help so invaluable that one cannot but sadly regret that only
one volume of the _Moralia_ has yet appeared in the _Bibliotheca
Teubneriana_. Wyttenbach's text and notes I have always used when
available, and when not so have fallen back upon Reiske. Reiske is
always ingenious, but too fond of correcting a text, and the criticism
of him by Wyttenbach is perhaps substantially correct. "In nullo
auctore habitabat; vagabatur per omnes: nec apud quemquam tamdiu
divertebat, ut in paulo interiorem ejus consuetudinem se insinuaret." I
have also had constantly before me the Didot Edition of the _Moralia_,
edited by Frederic Duebner.
Let any reader who wishes to know more about Plutarch, consult the
article on Plutarch, in the Ninth Edition of the _Encyclopaedia
Britannica_, by the well-known scholar F. A. Paley. He will also do well
to read an Essay on Plutarch by R. W. Emerson, reprinted in Volume III.
of the Bohn's Standard Library Edition of Emerson's Works, and Five
Lectures on Plutarch by the late Archbishop Trench, published by Messrs.
Macmillan and Co. in 1874. All these contain much of interest, and will
repay perusal.
In conclusion, I hope this little volume will be the means of making
popular some of the best thoughts of one of the most interesting and
thoughtful of the ancients, who often seems indeed almost a modern.
Cambridge,
_March_, 1888.
[1] See article _Plutarch_, in _Encyclopaedia
Britannica_, Ninth Edition.
[2] Grosart's _Herrick_, vol. i. p. liii. See in this
volume, p. 180, and also note to p. 288. Richard Baxter
again is always quoting the _Moralia_.
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE. vii
I. ON EDUCATION 2
II. ON LOVE TO ONE'S OFFSPRING 21
III. ON LOVE 29
IV. CONJUGAL PRECEPTS 70
V. CONSOLATORY LETTER TO HIS WIFE 85
VI. THAT VIRTUE MAY BE TAUGHT 92
VII. ON VIRTUE AND VICE 95
VIII. ON MORAL VIRTUE 98
IX. HOW ONE MAY BE AWARE OF ONE'S PROGRESS IN VIRTUE 118
X. WHETHER VICE IS SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE UNHAPPINESS 138
XI. WHETHER THE DISORDERS OF MIND OR BODY ARE WORSE 142
XII. ON ABUNDANCE OF FRIENDS 145
XIII. HOW ONE MAY DISCERN A FLATTERER FROM A FRIEND 153
XIV. HOW A MAN MAY BE BENEFITED BY HIS ENEMIES 201
XV. ON TALKATIVENESS 214
XVI. ON CURIOSITY 238
XVII. ON SHYNESS 252
XVIII. ON RESTRAINING ANGER 267
XIX. ON CONTENTEDNESS OF MIND 289
XX. ON ENVY AND HATRED 312
XXI. HOW ONE CAN PRAISE ONESELF WITHOUT EXCITING ENVY 315
XXII. ON THOSE WHO ARE PUNISHED BY THE DEITY LATE 331
XXIII. AGAINST BORROWING MONEY 365
XXIV. WHETHER "LIVE UNKNOWN" BE A WISE PRECEPT 373
XXV. ON EXILE 378
XXVI. ON FORTUNE 394
INDEX 401
PLUTARCH'S MORALS.
ON EDUCATION.
Sec. I. Come let us consider what one might say on the education of free
children, and by what training they would become good citizens.
Sec. II. It is perhaps best to begin with birth: I would therefore warn
those who desire to be fathers of notable sons, not to form connections
with any kind of women, such as courtesans or mistresses: for those who
either on the father or mother's side are ill-born have the disgrace of
their origin all their life long irretrievably present with them, and
offer a ready handle to abuse and vituperation. So that the poet was
wise, who said, "Unless the foundation of a house be well laid, the
descendants must of necessity be unfortunate."[3] Good birth indeed
brings with it a store of assurance, which ought to be greatly valued by
all who desire legitimate offspring. For the spirit of those who are a
spurious and bastard breed is apt to be mean and abject: for as the poet
truly says, "It makes a man even of noble spirit servile, when he is
conscious of the ill fame of either his father or mother."[4] On the
other hand the sons of illustrious parents are full of pride and
arrogance. As an instance of this it is recorded of Diophantus,[5] the
son of Themistocles, that he often used to say to various people "that
he could do what he pleased with the Athenian people, for what he wished
his mother wished, and what she wished Themistocles wished, and what
Themistocles wished all the Athenians wished." All praise also ought we
to bestow on the Lacedaemonians for their loftiness of soul in fining
their king Archidamus for venturing to marry a small woman, for they
charged him with intending to furnish them not with kings but kinglets.
Sec. III. Next must we mention, what was not overlooked even by those who
handled this subject before us, that those who approach their wives for
procreation must do so either without having drunk any wine or at least
very little. For those children, that their parents begot in drink, are
wont to be fond of wine and apt to turn out drunkards. And so Diogenes,
seeing a youth out of his mind and crazy, said, "Young man, your father
was drunk when he begot you." Let this hint serve as to procreation: now
let us discuss education.
Sec. IV. To speak generally, what we are wont to say about the arts and
sciences is also true of moral excellence, for to its perfect
development three things must meet together, natural ability, theory,
and practice. By theory I mean training, and by practice working at
one's craft. Now the foundation must be laid in training, and practice
gives facility, but perfection is attained only by the junction of all
three. For if any one of these elements be wanting, excellence must be
so far deficient. For natural ability without training is blind: and
training without natural ability is defective, and practice without both
natural ability and training is imperfect. For just as in farming the
first requisite is good soil, next a good farmer, next good seed, so
also here: the soil corresponds to natural ability, the training to the
farmer, the seed to precepts and instruction. I should therefore
maintain stoutly that these three elements were found combined in the
souls of such universally famous men as Pythagoras, and Socrates, and
Plato, and of all who have won undying fame. Happy at any rate and dear
to the gods is he to whom any deity has vouchsafed all these elements!
But if anyone thinks that those who have not good natural ability cannot
to some extent make up for the deficiencies of nature by right training
and practice, let such a one know that he is very wide of the mark, if
not out of it altogether. For good natural parts are impaired by sloth;
while inferior ability is mended by training: and while simple things
escape the eyes of the careless, difficult things are reached by
painstaking. The wonderful efficacy and power of long and continuous
labour you may see indeed every day in the world around you.[6] Thus
water continually dropping wears away rocks: and iron and steel are
moulded by the hands of the artificer: and chariot wheels bent by some
strain can never recover their original symmetry: and the crooked staves
of actors can never be made straight. But by toil what is contrary to
nature becomes stronger than even nature itself. And are these the only
things that teach the power of diligence? Not so: ten thousand things
teach the same truth. A soil naturally good becomes by neglect barren,
and the better its original condition, the worse its ultimate state if
uncared for. On the other hand a soil exceedingly rough and sterile by
being farmed well produces excellent crops. And what trees do not by
neglect become gnarled and unfruitful, whereas by pruning they become
fruitful and productive? And what constitution so good but it is marred
and impaired by sloth, luxury, and too full habit? And what weak
constitution has not derived benefit from exercise and athletics? And
what horses broken in young are not docile to their riders? while if
they are not broken in till late they become hard-mouthed and
unmanageable. And why should we be surprised at similar cases, seeing
that we find many of the savagest animals docile and tame by training?
Rightly answered the Thessalian, who was asked who the mildest
Thessalians were, "Those who have done with fighting."[7] But why pursue
the line of argument further? For the Greek name for moral virtue is
only habit: and if anyone defines moral virtues as habitual virtues, he
will not be beside the mark. But I will employ only one more
illustration, and dwell no longer on this topic. Lycurgus, the
Lacedaemonian legislator, took two puppies of the same parents, and
brought them up in an entirely different way: the one he pampered and
cosseted up, while he taught the other to hunt and be a retriever. Then
on one occasion, when the Lacedaemonians were convened in assembly, he
said, "Mighty, O Lacedaemonians, is the influence on moral excellence of
habit, and education, and training, and modes of life, as I will prove
to you at once." So saying he produced the two puppies, and set before
them a platter and a hare: the one darted on the hare, while the other
made for the platter. And when the Lacedaemonians could not guess what
his meaning was, or with what intent he had produced the puppies, he
said, "These puppies are of the same parents, but by virtue of a
different bringing up the one is pampered, and the other a good hound."
Let so much suffice for habit and modes of life.
Sec. V. The next point to discuss will be nutrition. In my opinion mothers
ought to nurse and suckle their own children. For they will bring them
up with more sympathy and care, if they love them so intimately and, as
the proverb puts it, "from their first growing their nails."[8] Whereas
the affection of wet or dry nurses is spurious and counterfeit, being
merely for pay. And nature itself teaches that mothers ought themselves
to suckle and rear those they have given birth to. And for that purpose
she has supplied every female parent with milk. And providence has
wisely provided women with two breasts, so that if they should bear
twins, they would have a breast for each. And besides this, as is
natural enough, they would feel more affection and love for their
children by suckling them. For this supplying them with food is as it
were a tightener of love, for even the brute creation, if taken away
from their young, pine away, as we constantly see. Mothers must
therefore, as I said, certainly try to suckle their own children: but if
they are unable to do so either through physical weakness (for this
contingency sometimes occurs), or in haste to have other children, they
must select wet and dry nurses with the greatest care, and not introduce
into their houses any kind of women. First and foremost they must be
Greeks in their habits. For just as it is necessary immediately after
birth to shapen the limbs of children, so that they may grow straight
and not crooked, so from the beginning must their habits be carefully
attended to. For infancy is supple and easily moulded, and what
children learn sinks deeply into their souls while they are young and
tender, whereas everything hard is softened only with great difficulty.
For just as seals are impressed on soft wax, so instruction leaves its
permanent mark on the minds of those still young. And divine Plato seems
to me to give excellent advice to nurses not to tell their children any
kind of fables, that their souls may not in the very dawn of existence
be full of folly or corruption.[9] Phocylides the poet also seems to
give admirable advice when he says, "We must teach good habits while the
pupil is still a boy."
Sec.VI. Attention also must be given to this point, that the lads that are
to wait upon and be with young people must be first and foremost of good
morals, and able to speak Greek distinctly and idiomatically, that they
may not by contact with foreigners of loose morals contract any of their
viciousness. For as those who are fond of quoting proverbs say not
amiss, "If you live with a lame man, you will learn to halt."[10]
Sec.VII. Next, when our boys are old enough to be put into the hands of
tutors,[11] great care must be taken that we do not hand them over to
slaves, or foreigners
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BEN PEPPER
BY MARGARET SIDNEY
AUTHOR OF "FIVE LITTLE PEPPERS AND THEIR FRIENDS," "A LITTLE MAID
OF CONCORD TOWN," "OLD CONCORD," "HESTER, AND OTHER NEW ENGLAND
STORIES," ETC.
_ILLUSTRATED BY
EUGENIE M. WIREMAN_
BOSTON:
LOTHROP, LEE & SHEPARD CO.
PEPPER
TRADE MARK
Registered in U. S. Patent Office.
COPYRIGHT, 1905,
BY HARRIETT M. LOTHROP.
PUBLISHED, AUGUST, 1905.
_Twentieth Thousand_
Norwood Press:
Berwick & Smith Co., Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
[Illustration: THEN SHE HOPPED AWAY FROM POLLY AND MADE A LITTLE CHEESE
RIGHT ON THE SIDEWALK.]
PREFACE
It was quite impossible that the detailed records presented through the
later Pepper books, of the doings and sayings of the "Little Brown
House" family, should omit Ben. He, the eldest-born of Mother Pepper's
brood, and her mainstay after the father died, the quiet,
"steady-as-a-rock boy," as the Badgertown people all called him, with
lots of fun in him too, because he could not help it, being a Pepper,
was worthy of a book to himself.
So the hosts of readers of the Pepper Series decided, and many of them
accordingly be-sought the author to give Ben a chance to be better
known. He was always so ready to efface himself, that it was Margaret
Sidney's responsibility, after all, to bring him more to the front, to
be understood by all who loved his life in the earlier records.
So Margaret Sidney, despite Ben's wishes, has written this latest
volume. To do it, Polly and Joel and David and Phronsie have told her
most lovingly the facts with which it is strewn. Most of all, Mother
Pepper-Fisher contributed to the new book, out of a heart full of
gratitude and love for her Ben.
MARGARET SIDNEY.
CONTENTS
I. THE CHRISTMAS SHOPPING EXPEDITION
II. BEN'S PLAN
III. HAPS AND MISHAPS
IV. "IT'S JOEL'S OLD LADY"
V. "THE PRESENTS ALL GO FROM SANTA CLAUS"
VI. BEN GOES SHOPPING WITH MADAM VAN RUYPEN
VII. "WHERE'S PIP?" AND JASPER TURNED BACK
VIII. "ANY ONE WHO WANTS TO PLEASE JASPER," SAID BEN, "HAD BETTER TAKE
UP THIS CHAP"
IX. WHAT A HOME-COMING
X. "I'LL LOVE HER JUST FOREVER!"
XI. AN AFTERNOON CALL
XII. VAN
XIII. THE BIG BOX
XIV. THE CHILDREN IN THE MOUNTAIN CABIN
XV. THE MINISTER LOOKS AFTER HIS PARISHIONERS
XVI. WHO WILL HELP?
XVII. "NOW WE CAN HAVE OUR CHRISTMAS!"
XVIII. TELLING ALL THE NEWS
XIX. JOCKO
XX. REPAIRING DAMAGES
XXI. THE POSTPONED CHRISTMAS MORNING
XXII. AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE
XXIII. THE SLEIGHING PARTY
XXIV. JASPER AND BEN
XXV. IT WAS POLLY WHO HEARD IT FIRST
XXVI. "COULD YOU TAKE HIM, BEN?"
XXVII. "MR. KING, WHO IS THAT PIP YOU HAVE HERE?"
XXVIII. BEN DECIDES THE MATTER FOR HIMSELF
ILLUSTRATIONS
Then she hopped away from Polly and made a little cheese right on the
sidewalk
"O dear me," wailed Polly, burrowing deeper within the folds of the
black alpaca apron
And the first person he ran up against was a small boy, his hands full
of little wads of paper bundles
"See what you've done; that's castor oil"
There was an awful pause, every one staring at the smooth layer of brown
paper
"Did you ever see such sweet little fingers?" said Polly
Ben Pepper
I
THE CHRISTMAS SHOPPING EXPEDITION
"Oh,
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The Project Gutenberg Etext of One of Our Conquerors, v2,
by George Meredith
#78 in our series by George Meredith
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Title: One of Our Conquerors, v2
Author: George Meredith
Edition: 10
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
Release Date: September, 2003 [Etext #4472]
[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
[This file was first posted on February 19, 2002]
The Project Gutenberg Etext of One of Our Conquerors, v2, by Meredith
*********This file should be named 4472.txt or 4472.zip********
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may now be found at the end of this file. Please read this
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ONE OF OUR CONQUERORS
By George Meredith
1897
BOOK 2.
XII. TREATS OF THE DUMBNESS POSSIBLE WITH MEMBERS OF A HOUSEHOLD
HAVING ONE HEART
XIII. THE LATEST OF MRS. BURMAN
XIV. DISCLOSES A STAGE ON THE DRIVE TO PARIS
XV. A PATRIOT ABROAD
XVI. ACCOUNTS FOR SKEPSEY'S MISCONDUCT, SHOWING HOW IT AFFECTED
NATALY
XVII. CHIEFLY UPON THE THEME OF A YOUNG MAID'S IMAGININGS
XVIII. SUITORS FOR THE HAND OF NESTA VICTORIA
CHAPTER XII
TREATS OF THE DUMBNESS POSSIBLE WITH MEMBERS OF A HOUSEHOLD HAVING ONE
HEART
Two that live together in union are supposed to be intimate on every
leaf. Particularly when they love one another and the cause they have
at heart is common to them in equal measure, the uses of a cordial
familiarity forbid reserves upon important matters between them, as we
think; not thinking of an imposed secretiveness, beneath the false
external of submissiveness, which comes of an experience of repeated
inefficiency to maintain a case in opposition, on the part of the
loquently weaker of the pair. In Constitutional Kingdoms a powerful
Government needs not to be tyrannical to lean oppressively; it is more
serviceable to party than agreeable to country; and where the alliance
of men and women binds a loving couple, of whom one is a torrent of
persuasion, their differings are likely to make the other resemble a log
of the torrent. It is borne along; it dreams of a distant corner of the
way for a determined stand; it consents to its whirling in anticipation
of an undated hour when it will no longer be neutral.
There may be, moreover, while each has the key of the fellow breast,
a mutually sensitive nerve to protest against intrusion of light or
sound. The cloud over the name of their girl could now
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HOW TO MASTER THE ENGLISH BIBLE
HOW TO MASTER THE ENGLISH BIBLE
AN EXPERIENCE, A METHOD
A RESULT, AN ILLUSTRATION
BY
REV. JAMES M. GRAY, D.D.
MINISTER IN THE REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH
AUTHOR OF "SYNTHETIC BIBLE STUDIES"
"THE ANTIDOTE TO CHRISTIAN SCIENCE"
"PRIMERS OF THE FAITH" ETC. ETC.
EDINBURGH AND LONDON
OLIPHANT ANDERSON & FERRIER
1907
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. The Story of the Case
II. Explanation of the Method
III. The Plan at Work
IV. Results in the Pulpit
V. Expository Outlines
NOTE BY THE PUBLISHERS OF THE BRITISH EDITION
The success of the author's book, _Synthetic Bible Studies_, has been
such that it is a pleasure to us to introduce this little book to
British Bible students.
NOTE BY THE PUBLISHERS OF THE AMERICAN EDITION
The author of this book requires no introduction to the Bible-loving
people of our time. A time it is of unusual quickening in the study
of God's Word along spiritual and evangelical lines, toward which, as
the editor of a leading newspaper has said, no one man has contributed
more than Rev. James M. Gray, D.D.
"He knows what is in the Book," says the _Christian Endeavour World,_
"and when he sounds the clear, strong notes of God's love, of victory
over sin, of the believer's assurance, it is no wonder that thousands
of young people wax as enthusiastic over the Bible as others do over
athletics or art."
The interdenominational Bible classes which he has carried on, and to
which his work directly and indirectly has given rise, are the
largest and in other respects the most remarkable known. His work has
revolutionised the method of teaching in some Sunday schools; it has
put life into dead prayer-meetings; in not a few instances it has
materially helped to solve the problem of the second service on the
Lord's day; it has been a boon to many pastors in the labours of
study and pulpit, whose gratitude is outspoken; it has contributed to
the efficiency of foreign missionary workers, whose testimony has
come from the uttermost parts of the earth; and it has reacted
beneficially on the instruction given in the English Bible in some of
our home academies, smaller colleges and seminaries. The secret of
these results is given in this book.
Nor is it as a Bible teacher only, but also as a Bible preacher, that
Dr. Gray holds a distinguished place in the current history of the
Church. His expository sermons leave an impress not to be effaced.
Presbyteries and ministerial associations are on record that they
have stirred communities to their depths. Even secular editors,
commonly unmoved by ordinary types of evangelism, have written: "Here
is something new for the people, something fresh and suggestive for
every active mind, which the business interests of the city cannot
afford to neglect." The testimony of one pastor given at a meeting of
the presbytery is practically that of scores of others throughout the
country. He had attended a series of popular meetings conducted by
Dr. Gray, and said: "I learned more during the few days I listened to
Dr. Gray about the true character of preaching than I had learned in
all my seminary course and my twenty years of ministry. Because of
what I learned there of true expository preaching I shall hope to
make the last years of my ministry the very best of all."
We are glad that this book contains a practical application of all
that the author has said and taught to the results which may be
gathered from it in the pulpit.
THE STORY OF THE CASE
HOW TO MASTER THE ENGLISH BIBLE
PART I
THE STORY OF THE CASE
[Sidenote: The Bible like a Farm]
How to master the English Bible! High-sounding title that, but does
it mean what it says? It is not how to study it, but how to master
it; for there is a sense in which the Bible must be mastered before
it can be studied, and it is the failure to see this which accounts
for other failures on the part of many earnest would-be Bible
students. I suppose it is something like a farm; for although never a
farmer myself, I have always imagined a farmer should know his farm
before he attempted to work it. How much upland and how much lowland?
How much wood and how much pasture? Where should the orchard be laid
out? Where plant my corn, oats, and potatoes? What plot is to be
seeded down to grass? When he has mastered his farm he begins to get
ready for results from it.
Now there are many ways of studying the Bible, any one of which may
be good enough in itself, but there is only one way to master it, as
we shall see. And it is the Bible itself we are to master, not books
about the Bible, nor yet "charts." I
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Transcriber's Note: Bold text is surrounded by =equal signs= and italic
text by _underscores_.
MODERN SUNDAY SCHOOL MANUALS
Edited by Charles Foster Kent in Collaboration with John T. McFarland
ORGANIZING AND BUILDING UP THE SUNDAY SCHOOL
By JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT
[Illustration]
NEW YORK: EATON & MAINS
CINCINNATI: JENNINGS & GRAHAM
Copyright, 1910, by
EATON & MAINS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I. The Historic Principles Underlying the Sunday School
Movement 7
II. The Constitution of the Sunday School 14
III. The Necessity and Essentials of a Graded Sunday
School 21
IV. The Grading of the Sunday School 30
V. The Departments of the Graded Sunday School 37
VI. The Superintendent 46
VII. The Superintendent's Duties and Responsibilities 53
VIII. The Associate and Department Superintendents 63
IX. The Secretary of the Sunday School 69
X. The Treasury and the Treasurer 75
XI. Value of the Sunday School Library 81
XII. The Management of the Library 91
XIII. The Teacher's Qualifications and Need of Training 98
XIV. The Training and Task of the Teacher 105
XV. The Constituency of the Sunday School 113
XVI. Recruiting the Sunday School 122
XVII. The Tests of a Good Sunday School 129
Appendix 135
PREFATORY
IN the preparation of this volume the purpose was to supply a convenient
handbook upon the organization, the management, and the recruiting of
the Sunday school, to be read by those desiring information upon these
subjects. But after the larger part of the work had been prepared a
desire was expressed that the method of treatment be so modified that
the volume might be employed as a text-book for classes and individual
students in the department of teacher-training. It has been the aim of
the author not to alter the work so materially as to render it unfitting
for the general reader; and with this in view the series of blackboard
outlines for the teacher, and the questions for the testing of the
student's knowledge, have been placed at the end of the book. In the
hope that both the reader and the student may receive profit from these
pages the book is committed to the public.
=JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT.=
I
THE HISTORIC PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL MOV
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RICHARD CARVEL
By Winston Churchill
Volume 2.
VIII. Over the Wall
IX. Under False Colours
X. The Red in the Carvel Blood
XI. A Festival and a Parting
XII. News from a Far Country
CHAPTER VIII
OVER THE WALL
Dorothy treated me ill enough that spring. Since the minx had tasted
power at Carvel Hall, there was no accounting for her. On returning to
town Dr. Courtenay had begged her mother to allow her at the assemblies,
a request which Mrs. Manners most sensibly refused. Mr. Marmaduke had
given his consent, I believe, for he was more impatient than Dolly for
the days when she would become the toast of the province. But the doctor
contrived to see her in spite of difficulties, and Will Fotheringay was
forever at her house, and half a dozen other lads. And many gentlemen
of fashion like the doctor called ostensibly to visit Mrs. Manners, but
in reality to see Miss Dorothy. And my lady knew it. She would be
lingering in the drawing-room in her best bib and tucker, or strolling in
the garden as Dr. Courtenay passed, and I got but scant attention indeed.
I was but an awkward lad, and an old playmate, with no novelty about me.
"Why, Richard," she would say to me as I rode or walked beside her, or
sat at dinner in Prince George Street, "I know every twist and turn of
your nature. There is nothing you could do to surprise me. And so, sir,
you are very tiresome."
"You once found me useful enough to fetch and carry, and amusing when I
walked the Oriole's bowsprit," I replied ruefully.
"Why don't you make me jealous?" says she, stamping her foot. "A score
of pretty girls are languishing for a glimpse of you,--Jennie and Bess
Fotheringay, and Betty Tayloe, and Heaven knows how many others. They
are actually accusing me of keeping you trailing. 'La, girls!' said I,
'if you will but rid me of him for a day, you shall have my lasting
gratitude.'"
And she turned to the spinet and began a lively air. But the taunt
struck deeper than she had any notion of. That spring arrived out from
London on the Belle of the Wye a box of fine clothes my grandfather had
commanded for me from his own tailor; and a word from a maid of fifteen
did more to make me wear them than any amount of coaxing from Mr. Allen
and my Uncle Grafton. My uncle seemed in particular anxious that I
should make a good appearance, and reminded me that I should dress as
became the heir of the Carvel house. I took counsel with Patty Swain,
and then went to see Betty Tayloe, and the Fotheringay girls, and the
Dulany girls, near the Governor's. And (fie upon me!) I was not
ill-pleased with the brave appearance I made. I would show my mistress
how little I cared. But the worst of it was, the baggage seemed to
trouble less than I, and had the effrontery to tell me how happy she was
I had come out of my shell, and broken loose from her apron-strings.
"Indeed, they would soon begin to think I meant to marry you, Richard,"
says she at supper one Sunday before a tableful, and laughed with the
rest.
"They do not credit you with such good sense, my dear," says her mother,
smiling kindly at me.
And Dolly bit her lip, and did not join in that part of the merriment.
I fled to Patty Swain for counsel, nor was it the first time in my life
I had done so. Some good women seem to have been put into this selfish
world to comfort and advise. After Prince George Street with its gilt
and marbles and stately hedged gardens, the low-beamed, vine-covered
house in the Duke of Gloucester Street was a home and a rest. In my
eyes there was not its equal in Annapolis for beauty within and without.
Mr. Swain had bought the dwelling from an aged man with a history, dead
some nine years back. Its furniture, for the most part, was of the
Restoration, of simple and massive oak blackened by age, which I
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THE MUSE OF THE DEPARTMENT
By Honore De Balzac
Translated by James Waring
DEDICATION
To Monsieur le Comte Ferdinand de Gramont.
MY DEAR FERDINAND,--If the chances of the world of literature
--_habent sua fata libelli_--should allow these lines to be an
enduring record, that will still be but a trifle in return for the
trouble you have taken--you, the Hozier, the Cherin, the
King-at-Arms of these Studies of Life; you, to whom the Navarreins,
Cadignans, Langeais, Blamont-Chauvrys, Chaulieus, Arthez,
Esgrignons, Mortsaufs, Valois--the hundred great names that form
the Aristocracy of the "Human Comedy" owe their lordly mottoes and
ingenious armorial bearings. Indeed, "the Armorial of the Etudes,
devised by Ferdinand de Gramont, gentleman," is a complete
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_By ARVEDE BARINE_
=The Youth of La Grande Mademoiselle
1627-1652=
Authorized English Version. Octavo. Fully
Illustrated. (By mail, $3.25.) Net, $3.00
=Louis XIV. and La Grande Mademoiselle
1652-1693=
Authorized English Version. Octavo. Fully
Illustrated. (By mail, $3.25.) Net, $3.00
=_G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS_=
=_New York_= =_London_=
[Illustration: Cliche Braun, Clement & Cie. =MADEMOISELLE DE
MONTPENSIER= She is holding the portrait of her father, Gaston D'Orleans
From the painting by Pierre Bourgnignon in the Musee de Versailles. By
permission of Messrs. Hachette & Co.]
Louis XIV
and
La Grande Mademoiselle
1652-1693
By
Arvede Barine
Author of "The Youth of La Grande Mademoiselle"
_Authorised English Version_
G. P. Putnam's Sons
New York and London
The Knickerbocker Press
1905
COPYRIGHT, 1905
BY
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
PREFACE
In the volume entitled _The Youth of La Grande Mademoiselle_ I have
tried to present the conditions of France during the period in which the
ancient liberties of the people and the turbulent society which had
abused its privileges suffered, in the one case death, in the other
extinction.
As is always the case, a lack of proper discipline had prepared the way
for absolute rule, and the young King who was about to assume full power
was an enigma to his subjects. The nearest relatives of Louis had always
found him impenetrable. The Grande Mademoiselle had been brought up side
by side with her cousin, but she was entirely ignorant of his real
character, knowing only that he was silent and appeared timid. In her
failure to understand the King, Mademoiselle showed herself again a true
child of her century.
At the moment in which the Prince assumed full power, his true
disposition, thoughts, and beliefs were entirely hidden from the public,
and Saint-Simon has contributed to this ignorance by prolonging it to
posterity. Louis XIV. was over fifty when this terrible writer appeared
at Court. The _Memoires_ of Saint-Simon present the portrait of a man
almost old; this portrait however is so powerful, so living that it
obliterates every other. The public sees only the Louis of Saint-Simon;
for it, the youthful King as he lived during the troubled and passionate
period of his career, the period that was most interesting, because most
vital, has never existed.
The official history of the times aids in giving a false impression of
Louis XIV., figuring him in a sort of hieratic attitude between an idol
and a manikin. The portraits of Versailles again mask the Louis of the
young Court, the man for whose favour Moliere and the Libertines fought
with varying chances of success.
In the present volume I have tried to raise a corner of this mask.
The _Memoires_ of Louis XIV., completely edited for the first time
according to any methodical plan in 1860, have greatly aided me in this
task. They abound in confessions, sometimes aside, sometimes direct, of
the matters that occupied the thoughts of the youthful author. The
Grande Mademoiselle, capable of neither reserve nor dissimulation, has
proved the next most valuable guide in the attempt to penetrate into the
intimate life of Louis. As related by her, the perpetual difficulties
with the Prince throw a vivid light upon the kind of incompatibility of
temper which existed at the beginning of the reign between absolute
power and the survivors of the Fronde.
How the young King succeeded in directing his generation toward new
ideas and sentiments and how the Grande Mademoiselle, too late carried
away by the torrent, became in the end a victim to its force, will be
seen in the course of the present volume, provided, that is, that I have
not overestimated my powers in touching upon a subject very obscure,
very delicate, with facts drawn from a period the most frequently
referred to and yet in some respects the least comprehended of the
entire history of France.
A. B.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
PAGE
Ex
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made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
KEELY AND HIS DISCOVERIES
AERIAL NAVIGATION
BY
Mrs. BLOOMFIELD MOORE
The universe is ONE. There is no supernatural: all is related, cause
and sequence. Nothing exists but substance and its modes of motion.
Spinoza.
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., Ltd.
PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD
1893
John Stuart Mill, in order to protect science, carried
empiricism to its extreme sceptical consequences, and thereby
cut the ground from under the feet of all science.--Professor
Otto Pfleiderer, D.D.
The word of our God shall stand for ever.--Isa. xl. 8.
Imagination is wholly taken captive by the stupendous
revelation of the God-force which modern conceptions of
the Cosmos furnish. Through the whole universe beats the
one life-force, that is God, controlling every molecule
in the petal of a daisy, in the meteoric ring of Saturn,
in the remotest nebula that outskirts space, as though
that molecule were the universe. In each molecule and atom
God lives and moves and has His being, thereby sustaining
theirs.... Prophet after prophet cries, and psalmist after
psalmist sings, that so indeed he has found it; that therein
is the divine sonship of man, therein the assurance of eternal
life.--Rev. R. A. Armstrong.
The living man with his interior consciousness of self and
individuality is on two planes of nature at once, as a ship
is in two media at once, half in the water and half in the
air. To manage your ship successfully you must take cognizance
of the laws governing each of those media. To deal successfully
with your human being you must understand his physiology
no doubt, but you must equally understand his psychology,
and something of the collateral phenomena of nature in those
regions or planes to which the phenomena of the psychic man
belong.--A. P. Sinnett.
The splendid generalizations of our physicists and our
naturalists, have had for me an enthralling and entrancing
interest. I find as I look out on the world, in the light of
all this new knowledge, a pressure of God upon consciousness
everywhere; and if this physical force which is God, moves
through, sustains, communes, with each smallest physical
atom of the whole, much more must that conscious energy
which is God, move through, sustain, commune with, these
conscious atoms, these several monads, which are you and I,
and our friend, and our brother far away. The even flow of
the divine force through every material atom, which is the
supreme revelation of physical science in our time, itself
leads irresistibly on to the suggestion of the constant flow
of spiritual energy in actual communion with every spiritual
monad that there is. It becomes but a question of opening the
eyes of the soul, unstopping the ears of the inward spirit,
to see and hear the God who in us also surely lives and moves
and has His being, thereby sustaining ours. As the physical
atom is physically touched and held and thrilled by God,
it is what we should expect that the conscious monad, no
less should be consciously touched and held and thrilled by
Him.--Rev. R. A. Armstrong.
"Euroclydon driveth us--where?
On quicksands and shoals of the sea,
On rocks that wait hungry to tear
And devour with tigerish glee.
"But lo! where we land tempest-tost
Is the work that has waited our hand;--
Not one step of that life shall be lost
Whose way an All-seeing hath planned."
We never know through what divine mysteries of compensation
the Great Father of the Universe may be carrying out His
sublime plans.--Miss Murdoch.
Enthusiasm is the genius of sincerity, and Truth accomplishes
no victory without it.--Bulwer Lytton.
Science is bound by the everlasting law of honour to face
every problem fearlessly.--Lord Kelvin.
For my part, I too much value the pursuit of truth and the
discovery of any new fact in nature, to avoid inquiry because
it appears to clash with prevailing opinions.--Wm. Crookes,
F.R.S.
The secret of success is constancy to purpose.--Lord
Bea
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***
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or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31900/31900-h.zip)
Transcriber's note:
Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
Minor punctuation errors have been corrected.
A complete list of spelling corrections and notations
is located at the end of this text.
Edition d'Elite
HISTORICAL TALES
The Romance of Reality
by
CHARLES MORRIS
Author of "Half-Hours with the Best American Authors," "Tales
from the Dramatists," etc.
In Fifteen Volumes
VOLUME XIII
King Arthur
1
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON
Copyright, 1891, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY.
Copyright, 1904, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY.
Copyright, 1908, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY.
* * * * *
[Illustration: FURNESS ABBEY.]
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
BOOK I.
HOW ARTHUR WON THE THRONE.
CHAPTER. PAGE.
I.--THE MAGIC SWORD 19
II.--ARTHUR'S WARS AND THE MYSTERY OF HIS BIRTH 28
III.--THE LADY OF THE LAKE 39
IV.--GUENEVER AND
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THE LIVING LINK.
A Novel
By James De Mille
Author of "The Dodge Club," "Cord and Creese," "The Cryptogram," "The
American Baron," &c, &c.
THE LIVING LINK.
CHAPTER I.
A TERRIBLE SECRET.
On a pleasant evening in the month of May, 1840, a group of young ladies
might have been seen on the portico of Plympton Terrace, a fashionable
boarding-school near Derwentwater. They all moved about with those
effusive demonstrations so characteristic of young girls; but on this
occasion there was a general hush among them, which evidently arose from
some unusual cause. As they walked up and down arm in arm, or with arms
entwined, or with clasped hands, as young girls will, they talked in low
earnest tones over some one engrossing subject, or occasionally gathered
in little knots to debate some point, in which, while each offered a
differing opinion, all were oppressed by one common sadness.
While they were thus engaged there arose in the distance the sound of a
rapidly galloping horse. At once all the murmur of conversation died
out, and the company stood in silence awaiting the new-comer. They did
not have to wait long. Out from a place where the avenue wound amidst
groves and thickets a young girl mounted on a spirited bay came at full
speed toward the portico. Arriving there, she stopped abruptly; then
leaping lightly down, she flung the reins over the horse's neck, who
forthwith galloped away to his stall.
The rider who thus dismounted was young girl of about eighteen, and of
very striking appearance. Her complexion was dark, her hair black, with
its rich voluminous folds gathered in great glossy plaits behind. Her
eyes were of a deep hazel color, radiant, and full of energetic
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Is The Bible Worth Reading
And Other Essays
By
Lemuel K. Washburn
New York
The Truth Seeker Company
1911
CONTENTS
Dedication
Is The Bible Worth Reading
Sacrifice
The Drama Of Life
Nature In June
The Infinite Purpose
Freethought Commands
A Rainbow Religion
A Cruel God
What Is Jesus
Deeds Better Than Professions
Give Us The Truth
The American Sunday
Lord And Master
Are Christians Intelligent Or Honest
The Danger Of The Ballot
Who Carried The Cross
Modern Disciples Of Jesus
A Poor Excuse
Profession And Practice
Where Is Truth
What Does It Prove
Human Responsibility
Abolish Dirt
Religion And Morality
Jesus As A Model
Singing Lies
A Walk Through A Cemetery
Peace With God
Saving The Soul
The Search For Something To Worship
Where Are They
Some Questions For Christians To Answer
The Image Of God
Religion And Science
The Bible And The Child
When To Help The World
The Judgment Of God
Christianity And Freethought
The Brotherhood And Freedom Of Man
Whatever Is Is Right
The Object Of Life
Man
The Dogma Of The Divine Man
The Rich Man's Gospel
Speak Well Of One Another
Disgraceful Partnerships
Science And Theology
Unequal Remuneration
The Old And The New
Guard The Ear
The Character Of God
Not Important
Oaths
Dead Words
Confession Of Sin
Death's Philanthropy
Our Attitude Towards Nature
Reverence For Motherhood
The God Of The Bible
The Measure Of Suffering
Nature
Creeds
Don't Try To Stop The Sun Shining
Follow Me
Can We Never Get Along Without Servants?
A Heavenly Father
Worship Not Needed
Was Jesus A Good Man
How To Help Mankind
On The Cross
Equal Moral Standards
Authority
A Clean Sabbath
Human Integrity
Is It True
Keep The Children At Home
Teacher And Preacher
Fear Of Doubts
Bible-Backing
Beggars
Habits
Can Poverty Be Abolished
The Roman Catholic God
Human Cruelty
Infidelity
Atheism
Christian Happiness
What God Knows
The Meaning Of The Word God
What Has Jesus Done For The World
The Agnostic's Position
Orthodoxy
Ideas Of Jesus
The Silence Of Jesus
Does The Church Save
Save The Republic
A Woman's Religion
The Sacrifice Of Jesus
Fashionable Hypocrisy
The Saturday Half-Holiday
The Motive For Preaching
The Christian's God
Indifference To Religion
Sunday Schools
Going To Church
Who Is The Greatest Living Man
[Illustration.]
Lemuel K. Washburn
DEDICATION
The writer of this book dedicates it to all men and women of common
honesty and common sense.
IS THE BIBLE WORTH READING
That depends. If a man is going to get his living by standing in a
Christian pulpit, I should be obliged to answer, Yes! But if he is going
to follow any other calling, or work at any trade, I should have to
answer, No! There is absolutely no information in the Bible that man can
make any use of as he goes through life. The Bible is not a book of
knowledge. It does not give instruction in any of the sciences. It
furnishes no help to labor. It is useless as a political guide. There is
nothing in it that gives the mechanic any hint, or affords the farmer any
enlightenment in his occupation.
If man wishes to learn about the earth or the heavens; about life or the
animal kingdom, he has no need to study the Bible. If he is desirous of
reading the best poetry or the most entertaining literature he will not
find it in the Bible. If he wants to read to store his mind with facts,
the Bible is the last book for him to open, for never yet was a volume
written that contained fewer facts than this book. If he is anxious to get
some information that will help him earn an honest living he does not want
to spend his time reading Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Kings, Psalms, or the
Gospels. If he wants to read just for the fun of reading to kill time, or
to see how much nonsensical writing there is in one book, let him read the
Bible.
I have not said that there are not wise sayings in the Bible, or a few
dramatic incidents, but there are just as wise sayings, and wiser ones,
too, out of the book, and there are dramas of human life that surpass in
interest anything contained in the Old or New Testament.
No person can make a decent excuse for reading the Bible more than once.
To do such a thing would be a foolish waste of time. But our stoutest
objection to reading this book is, not that it contains nothing
particularly good, but _that it contains so much that is positively bad_.
To read this book is to get false ideas, absurd ideas, bad ideas. The
injury to the human mind that reads the Bible as a reliable book is beyond
repair. I do not think that this book should be read by children, by any
human being less than twenty years of age, and it would be better for
mankind if not a man or woman read a line of it until he or she was fifty
years old.
What I want to say is this, that there is nothing in the Bible that is of
the least consequence to the people of the twentieth century. English
literature is richer a thousand fold than this so-called sacred volume. We
have books of more information and of more inspiration than the Bible. As
the relic of a barbarous and superstitious people, it should have a place
in our libraries, but it is not a work of any value to this age. I pity
men who stand in pulpits and call this book the word of God. I wish they
had brains enough to earn their living without having to repeat this
foolish falsehood. The day will come when this book will be estimated for
what it a worth, and when that day comes, the Bible will no longer be
called the word of God, but the work of ignorant, superstitious men.
-------------------------------------
The cross everywhere is a dagger in the heart of liberty.
-------------------------------------
A miracle is not an explanation of what we cannot comprehend.
-------------------------------------
The statue of liberty that will endure on this continent is not the one
made of granite or bronze, but the one made of love of freedom.
-------------------------------------
Take away every achievement of the world and leave man freedom, and the
earth would again bloom with every glory of attainment; but take away
liberty and everything useful and beautiful would vanish.
SACRIFICE
The sacrifice of Jesus, so much boasted by the Christian church, is
nothing compared to the sacrifice of a mother for her family. It is not to
be spoken of in the same light. A mother's sacrifice is constant:
momentary, hourly, daily, life-long. It never ceases. It is a veritable
providence; a watchful care; a real giving of one life for another, or for
several others; a gift of love so pure and holy, so single and complete,
that it is an offering in spirit and in substance.
This is to me the highest, purest, holiest act of humanity. All others,
when weighed with this unselfish consecration to duty, seem small and
insignificant. There is, in a mother's life, no counting of cost, no
calculation of reward. It is enough that a duty is to be done; that a
service is to be rendered; that a sacrifice is called for. The true mother
gives herself to the offices of love without hope, expectation, or wish of
recompense. A mother's love for her children cannot be determined by any
earthly measure, by any material standard. It outshines all glory, and is
the last gleam of light in the human heart. A mother's love walks in a
thousand Gethsemanes, endures a thousand Calvaries, and has a thousand
agonies that the dying of Jesus upon a cross cannot symbolize. This
maternal sacrifice is the greater that it is made cheerfully, without a
murmur, and even with joy. If it is not sought; it is never pushed aside.
A mother's sacrifice for her family makes a chapter of suffering, of
patient toil and strife, of heroic endurance and forbearance, that
religion is not yet high enough to appreciate; and this sublime devotion
is not in one home, but in _hundreds of thousands in every land_
everywhere on earth, and it is real, true, heart-born, and the utmost of
renunciation that human life has revealed.
The brief martyrdom of Jesus was not voluntary, was not lasting in its
pain or in its service to mankind. His death was cruel, his suffering and
agony terrible to think of, but it was all soon over. A few hours of
torture make up the tragedy of the cross. But the story of this
crucifixion may be fictitious, imaginary; most likely is such. Perhaps no
such man died such a death in any such way. Then how vain and foolish to
waste our sympathy on a fanciful sufferer, an imaginary martyr, who never
existed outside of the brain of the writer of the story, while there are
actual, real beings living who are making a greater sacrifice, doing a
holier duty, within our reach!
We need not go to a Bible to find those who deserve our tears, or who have
earned our admiration. The bravest heart that ever author wrote into
being, fails to come up to the lofty height of endurance, of a life
inspired by love, of heroic sacrifice, that can be found in hundreds of
homes in our land.
Far be it from my intention to paint less any deed of mortal that has
brightened the lot of man, or to throw discredit upon aught that is worthy
of human gratitude and praise. I yield most ready sympathy and most
willing admiration to every noble soul that has lived or died to make
earth better and happier, but I do not believe that greatness, goodness
and love are all dead, and that our whole duty is to stand and weep around
a tomb. I believe in living men and women, in living hearts and souls, in
living greatness and goodness and love, and I tell you all that the earth
never bore more loving, more humane, tenderer, braver, or truer hearts
than beat today in the living breasts of mankind.
And I place above all that is brave and true, great and good, in the past
or present, the mothers of our age.--What man cannot see that silent,
patient mother in her home, the victim of a multitude of trials, crosses,
annoyances, day after day and week after week, meeting all, bearing all,
with a saint's look and manner; and what man, seeing her there, at the
side of the sick, worn out with watching and waiting, and then at the bed
of death, faithful and true to the last, though wounded in heart and
spirit never faltering in the way of duty, that would not say if there be
one sacrifice that is above, and greater than, all others, it is that of a
mother's love?
THE DRAMA OF LIFE
With the passing of the season we are reminded of the rapid flight of
life. It seems but yesterday that the first bluebird of spring lit on the
bare bough of the apple-tree in the orchard near by, and the early robin
sang his welcome notes in our glad ears, and yet the bluebird and robin
are seen and heard no more, and the green promise of spring has changed to
the brown harvest of autumn, which will soon be stored for winter's use.
This is the way every season comes and goes; a little long in coming
sometimes; but never long in going; and every year grows shorter as we
grow older, and every year goes more quickly as we near the border of old
age. Life soon changes from a glad look ahead to a sad glance behind. From
baby to boy, from boy to man, from man to tottering age;--how swiftly the
scenes change, and life comes and life goes, and the door of death opens
almost before the door of birth closes. The cradle and the grave touch,
and the blithe youth that lends his strength to feeble age finds himself
ere long leaning upon the arm of youth and strength. The circle of years
soon rolls round, and life is but a day of toil and a night of dreams. As
we look back upon vanished time and see the happy scenes of childhood
mingled with the surroundings of later life, days and months shrink to
hours, and years seem to be spanned by a sunrise and a sunset with a
little laughter and perhaps some tears between.
We who have travelled more than half way on the road cannot look backward
without a sigh, cannot think backward without a pang. Many of us have left
the graves of father and mother behind, perhaps the smaller graves of
children, where some of our heart lies buried too. The storms that beat on
us make life seem shorter; make the days go faster, and the night draw
nearer; and all of us have already, or must sometime, bow our heads to the
blast.
One human being in the great world of man, and in the greater world of
Nature, plays but a small part. Of but little account is a human life in
the vast, limitless universe. A man fills but a little space while alive,
and touches but a few hearts when he dies. We are fortunate if we make
during life, one true, loyal friend who stands by us while that life
lasts. We reckon this, after all, the grandest triumph of the human soul.
It is not difficult to gather dollars--quite a number, at least,--nor to win
a measure of fame, but to live, to be, to act, in such way as to bind one
true heart to ours, is a victory which we may be proud of. Some lives have
larger circumferences than others, radiate farther, influence more, but
none can win the rare tribute of perfect friendship from more than one or
two. Yes! man plays but a small part in the great drama of life. He is on
the stage but a few short hours, and most men are but poor or indifferent
actors at best.
Who cares when a man dies? Not the sun, for it shines just as gaily when
he closes his eyes to its golden light; not the birds, for they chatter
and sing over his coffin, and hop and sing on his grave; not the brook,
for it runs laughing on and never stops its gambols and song; not any of
the things of earth, but man.
When man dies, a few say, Is he gone? and then forget that he ever lived;
a few go to help carry his dead body to the grave, and then turn away to
join the business and pleasure of life, and forget that they have buried a
man; a few, some days after, call at the house where he lived and drop a
tear of sympathy for the weeping widow and tearful children, and then
forget that the husband and father is no more. But does no one care?
Perhaps a wife, who will carry his dead image in her heart as long as it
beats; perhaps a daughter, who will remember him a year or two, or a
little longer, who will miss his happy greeting, his loving kiss, his
proud, kind look as he lifts the heart's dearest idol to his knee; and
this is all. And this is enough. We care for only a few; and why should
many care for us?
Though life is short and not always heroic; and though, when it ends, the
world goes on just the same, we love life and it is sweet while it lasts.
Though we travel quickly over the road, we enjoy for the most part, the
journey of life. We have pain, it is true; we learn of sorrow and grief;
we feel the pang of parting and weep on the white face of some loved one,
and yet, we find happiness, we enjoy living, and we regret when the
curtain is rung down and our part is played and the lights turned out.
When we strike the balance between pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow,
happiness and misery, most find that life is worth living.
-------------------------------------
A dogma will thrive in soil where the truth could not get root.
-------------------------------------
The measure of liberty which man enjoys determines the civilization of the
age in which he lives.
-------------------------------------
The person who can make a loaf of bread is more to the world than the
person who could perform a miracle.
-------------------------------------
The indifference to Christianity may well alarm the men who live on the
credulity that gives it the show of life, but to those who delight in
actions of sincerity, it affords the greatest encouragement, for it
promises to the world a day when intelligence and integrity will be
respected more than ignorance and hypocrisy.
NATURE IN JUNE
We can hardly look anywhere in Nature without having the conviction grow
in the mind that there are more or less superfluous things on this spot of
the universe where our lot is cast, however it may be in Mars, Venus,
Saturn, or any other of the Greek-named planets or any heavenly
constellations with or without names. Just at this particular season of
the year, the presence of weeds in the garden or on the farm raises a
colossal doubt as to the fact of any wisdom guiding the divine voice when,
in a majestic sweep of its omnipotent power on the third day of the drama
of creation, it called into being the grass, the herb, the tree and
whatsoever bears leaf or blade or flower. To those who have to pull the
weeds out of the ground they are a curse of the first magnitude, and how a
creator, who had common sense, could take pride in making such vegetable
abortions as weeds we cannot comprehend. The most worthless things in
Nature are the most prolific. Chickweed will cover an acre while clover is
considering where it is best to go into business, and every pesky, nasty
little weed will live and laugh when the queenly corn droops its head in
the sun, and the beet and turnip cannot get nourishment enough to keep
them alive.
It is just the same in the animal world. An immense quantity of useless
beings go about on two and four legs or on none at all. The only excuse
for the snake is that he was made to eat the toad; for the toad, that he
was made to eat insects; for the insects--well, nobody has yet made a
wholesome excuse for
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THE DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS M.A. F.R.S.
CLERK OF THE ACTS AND SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
TRANSCRIBED FROM THE SHORTHAND MANUSCRIPT IN THE PEPYSIAN LIBRARY
MAGDALENE COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE BY THE REV. MYNORS BRIGHT M.A. LATE FELLOW
AND PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE
(Unabridged)
WITH LORD BRAYBROOKE'S NOTES
EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY
HENRY B. WHEATLEY F.S.A.
DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS
1661 N.S. COMPLETE
JANUARY, FEBRUARY & MARCH
1660-61
1660-61. At the end of the last and the beginning of this year, I do live
in one of the houses belonging to the Navy Office, as one of the principal
officers, and have done now about half a year. After much trouble with
workmen I am now almost settled; my family being, myself, my wife, Jane,
Will. Hewer, and Wayneman,--[Will Wayneman appears by this to have been
forgiven for his theft (see ante). He was dismissed on July 8th,
1663.]--my girle's brother. Myself in constant good health, and in a most
handsome and thriving condition. Blessed be Almighty God for it. I am now
taking of my sister to come and live with me. As to things of State.--The
King settled, and loved of all. The Duke of York matched to my Lord
Chancellor's daughter, which do not please many. The Queen upon her
return to France with the
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THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
VOL. VIII
[Illustration: _William Wordsworth_
_after Thomas Woolner_
_Printed by Ch Wittmann Paris_]
THE POETICAL WORKS
OF
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
EDITED BY
WILLIAM KNIGHT
VOL. VIII
[Illustration: _Gallow Hill_
_Yorkshire_]
London
MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.
New York: Macmillan & Co.
1896
_All rights reserved._
CONTENTS
PAGE
1834
Lines suggested by a Portrait from the Pencil of F. Stone 1
The foregoing Subject resumed 6
To a Child 7
Lines written in the Album of the Countess of Lonsdale,
Nov. 5, 1834 8
1835
“Why art thou silent? Is thy love a plant” 12
To the Moon 13
To the Moon 15
Written after the Death of Charles Lamb 17
Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg 24
Upon seeing a Drawing of the Bird of Paradise
in an Album 29
“Desponding Father! mark this altered bough” 31
“Four fiery steeds impatient of the rein” 31
To ---- 32
Roman Antiquities discovered at Bishopstone, Herefordshire 33
St. Catherine of Ledbury 34
“By a blest Husband guided, Mary came” 35
“Oh what a Wreck! how changed in mien and speech!” 36
1836
November 1836 37
To a Redbreast--(In Sickness) 38
1837
“Six months to six years added he remained” 39
Memorials of a Tour in Italy, 1837--To Henry Crabb Robinson 41
I. Musings near Aquapendente, April, 1837 42
II. The Pine of Monte Mario at Rome 58
III. At Rome 59
IV. At Rome--Regrets--in Allusion to Niebuhr and other
Modern Historians 60
V. Continued 61
VI. Plea for the Historian 61
VII. At Rome 62
VIII. Near Rome, in Sight of St. Peter’s 63
IX. At Albano 64
X. “Near Anio’s stream, I spied a gentle Dove” 65
XI. From the Alban Hills, looking towards Rome 65
XII. Near the Lake of Thrasymene 66
XIII. Near the same Lake 67
XIV. The Cuckoo at Laverna 67
XV. At the Convent of Camaldoli 72
XVI. Continued 73
XVII. At the Eremite or Upper Convent of Camaldoli 74
XVIII. At Vallombrosa 75
XIX. At Florence 78
XX. Before the Picture of the Baptist, by Raphael,
in the Gallery at Florence 79
XXI. At Florence--From Michael Angelo 80
XXII. At Florence--From Michael Angelo 81
XXIII. Among the Ruins of a Convent in the Apennines 82
XXIV. In Lombardy 83
XXV. After leaving Italy 84
XXVI. Continued 85
At Bologna, in Remembrance of the late Insurrections,
1837.--I. 86
II. Continued 86
III. Concluded 87
“What if our numbers barely could defy” 87
A Night Thought 88
The Widow on Windermere Side 89
1838
To the Planet Venus 92
“Hark! ’tis
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THE KNIGHTS OF THE CROSS
or, KRZYZACY
Historical Romance
By HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ
Author Of "Quo Vadis," "The Deluge," "With Fire And Sword,"
"Pan Michael," Etc., Etc.
Translated From The Original Polish By Samuel A. Binion
Author Of "Ancient Egypt," Etc. Translator Of "Quo Vadis," Etc.
[Illustration: BUST OF HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ]
HON. WILLIAM T. HARRIS, LL.D.
Commissioner of Education
My Dear Doctor:--
This translation, of one of the greatest novels of Poland's foremost
modern writer, Henryk Sienkiewicz, I beg to dedicate to you. Apart for my
high personal regard for you, my reason for selecting you among all my
literary friends, is: that you are a historian and philosopher, and can
therefore best appreciate works of this kind.
SAMUEL A. BINION,
New York City.
To the Reader.
Here you have, gentle reader--old writers always called you
gentle--something very much more than a novel to amuse an idle hour. To
read it will be enjoyable pastime, no doubt; but the brilliant romance of
the brilliant author calls upon you for some exercise of the finest
sympathy and intelligence; sympathy for a glorious nation which, with
only one exception, has suffered beyond all other nations; intelligence,
of the sources of that unspeakable and immeasurable love and of the great
things that may yet befall before those woes are atoned for and due
punishment for them meted out to their guilty authors
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file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s notes:
The spelling, punctuation and hyphenation are as the original except
for apparent typographical errors, which have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted _thus_.
Bold text is denoted =thus=.
Bold, sans serif text, representing physical appearance e.g., of a
‘Tee’ shaped wrench is denoted thus ^T^.
Both ‘gauge’ and ‘gage’ appear in the text and have not been changed.
FIG. 454. is used twice in the original book, the 2nd occurrence has
been renamed FIG. 454A.
FIG. 551 was omitted from the original sequence of illustrations.
Units of pressure, e.g., ‘pounds’ and ‘lbs.’ should be ‘pounds per
square inch’ and ‘lbs. per square inch’ respectively, for completeness.
This is left as printed in the original book.
PUMPS
AND
HYDRAULICS.
IN TWO PARTS.
Part Two.
[Illustration: TEN THOUSAND HORSE POWER.
(See Part One, Page 133.)]
PUMPS
AND
HYDRAULICS
BY
WILLIAM ROGERS
_Author of “Drawing and Design,” etc._
[Illustration]
_RELATING TO_
HAND PUMPS; POWER PUMPS; PARTS OF PUMPS; ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS;
STEAM PUMPS, SINGLE, DUPLEX AND COMPOUND; PUMPING ENGINES, HIGH DUTY
AND TRIPLE EXPANSION; THE STEAM FIRE ENGINE; UNDERWRITERS’ PUMPS;
MINING PUMPS; AIR AND VACUUM PUMPS; COMPRESSORS; CENTRIFUGAL AND
ROTARY PUMPS; THE PULSOMETER; JET PUMPS AND THE INJECTOR; UTILITIES
AND ACCESSORIES; VALVE SETTING; MANAGEMENT; CALCULATIONS, RULES AND
TABLES.
_WITH ILLUSTRATIONS._
_ALSO_
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS; GLOSSARY OF PUMP TERMS; HISTORICAL
INTRODUCTION, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS; THE ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-MECHANICS,
HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS; GRAVITY AND FRICTION; HYDRAULIC
MEMORANDA; LAWS GOVERNING FLUIDS; WATER PRESSURE MACHINES; PUMPS AS
HYDRAULIC MACHINES, ETC.
PART TWO.
PUBLISHED BY
THEO. AUDEL & COMPANY
72 FIFTH AVE.,
NEW YORK, U.S.A.
7, IMPERIAL ARCADE,
LUDGATE CIRCUS, E.C.,
LONDON, ENG.
Copyrighted, 1905, by
THEO. AUDEL & CO., NEW YORK.
Entered at Stationers Hall, London, England.
Protected by International Copyright in Great Britain and all
her Colonies, and, under the provisions of the
Berne Convention, in
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Tunis,
Hayti, Luxembourg, Monaco, Montinegro
and Norway.
Printed in the United States.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
_Part TWO._
The divisions of Part Two are represented by the following headings:
each subject is fully treated and illustrated on the pages shown:
pages
INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO 1-10
THE AIR PUMP 13-30
AIR AND VACUUM PUMPS 31-56
AIR COMPRESSORS 57-78
THE AIR LIFT PUMP 79-90
THE STEAM FIRE ENGINE 91-142
MISCELLANEOUS PUMPS 143-176
MINING PUMPS 145-155
MARINE PUMPS 155-162
“SUGAR-HOUSE” PUMPS 165-167
CIRCULATING PUMPS 168
ATMOSPHERIC PUMPS 169-170
AMMONIA OR ACID PUMPS 171
THE SCREW PUMP 175-176
AERMOTOR PUMPS 177-192
ROTARY AND CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS 193-229
TURBINE PUMPS 231-242
INJECTORS AND EJECTORS 243-266
PULSOMETER AQUA-THRUSTER 267-280
PUMP SPEED GOVERNORS 281-296
CONDENSING APPARATUS 297-314
UTILITIES AND ATTACHMENTS 315-334
TOOLS, VALVES AND PIPING 335-356
PIPES, JOINTS AND FITTINGS 357-368
USEFUL NOTES 369-386
TABLES AND DATA 387-400
READY REFERENCE INDEX TO PART TWO
PREFACE.
The owner of a great tannery had once an improvement in making leather
proposed to him by a foreman, but the merchant could not comprehend
it even with the most earnest verbal explanation. As a last resort he
said, “put it in writing so that I can study it out.” This was done and
the change after an examination of the paper was made as advised. So in
these volumes much important information
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E-text prepared by David Edwards, Sam W., and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 46288-h.htm or 46288-h.zip:
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46288/46288-h/46288-h.htm)
or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46288/46288-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
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https://archive.org/details/storiesfromnorth00bake
Transcriber's note:
The Index includes pronunciation guides for many of the
entries, which contain an extensive range of accented
characters. Because these characters are not available
in this file encoding, they have been transcribed as
follows:
characters with macron above, {=a}, {=e}, {=g}, {=i},
{=o}, {=oo}, {=u}
characters with breve above, {)a}, {)e}, {)i}, {)o},
{)oo}
characters with tilde above, {~e}
characters with dot above, {.a}
characters with up tack below, {s+}
characters with diaresis/umlaut above, {:a}, {:u}
characters with circumflex above, {^o}
STORIES FROM NORTHERN MYTHS
by
EMILIE KIP BAKER
Author of "Stories of Old Greece and Rome"
New York
The Macmillan Company
1914
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1914,
By the Macmillan Company.
Set up and electrotyped. Published
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Produced by Larry B. Harrison, Chuck Greif and the Online
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by The Internet Archive)
_William Nelson._
[Illustration: Yours Faithfully
William Nelson]
_William Nelson_
A MEMOIR
BY
SIR DANIEL WILSON, LL.D., F.R.S.E.,
PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO.
[Illustration: colophon]
Printed for Private Circulation.
_T. Nelson and Sons, Edinburgh._
_1889._
TO
Mrs. William Nelson
THIS
MEMOIR OF HER HUSBAND
IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY
HIS OLD FRIEND AND
SCHOOLMATE
FOREWORD.
The volume here produced for the eye of friends is the memorial of one
whose life presented a rare example of simplicity, of thoroughness in
working up to a high standard in all that he undertook, and fidelity in
his responsible stewardship as a man of wealth and a captain of
industry. The friendship between us extended in uninterrupted union,
with the maturing estimation of years and experience, from early boyhood
till both had passed the assigned limits of threescore years and ten. It
would have been easy to swell the volume into the bulky proportions of
modern biography: for William Nelson keenly enjoyed the communion of
friendship; and his correspondence furnishes many passages calculated to
interest others besides those who knew and loved him as a friend. But
the aim has been simply to present him “in his habit as he lived;” and
thus to preserve for relatives, personal friends, and for his
fellow-workers of all ranks, such a picture as may pleasantly recall
some reflex of a noble life; and record characteristic traits of one of
whom it can be so truly said: “To live in hearts of those we love is not
to die.”
D. W.
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO,
_September 26, 1889_.
CONTENTS.
I. INTRODUCTORY, 13
II. HAUNTS OF BOYHOOD, 26
III. SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMATES, 41
IV. THE CASTLE HILL, 61
V. HOPE PARK, 77
VI. EGYPT AND PALESTINE, 87
VII. CHURCH--MARRIAGE, 108
VIII. SALISBURY GREEN, 121
IX. GLIMPSES OF TRAVEL, 137
X. HOLIDAYS ABROAD, 156
XI. PARKSIDE, 173
XII. CIVIC INTERESTS, 194
XIII. HOME HOLIDAYS, 213
XIV. PROJECTED TRAVEL--THE END, 228
_William Nelson._
CHAPTER I.
_INTRODUCTORY._
In the early years of the present century the Scottish capital retained
many features of its ancient aspect still unchanged; but among all the
old-world haunts surviving into modern times, the most notable, alike
for its picturesque quaintness and its varied associations, was the
avenue from the Grassmarket to the upper town. The West Bow, as this
thoroughfare was called, derived its name from the ancient bow, or
archway, which gave entrance to the little walled city before the civic
area was extended by the Flodden wall of 1513. But the archway remained
long after that date as the entrance to the upper town--the Temple Bar
of Edinburgh--at which the ceremonial welcome of royal and distinguished
visitors took place.
The West Bow had accordingly been the scene of many a royal cavalcade
of the Jameses and their queens; as well as of such representative men
as Ben Jonson and his brother-poet Drummond of Hawthornden, of Laud,
Montrose, Leslie, Cromwell, and Dundee. Among its quaint antique piles
were the gabled Temple Lands, St. James’s Altar Land, and the
timber-fronted lodging of Lord Ruthven, the ruthless leader in the
tragedy when Lord Darnley’s minions assassinated Rizzio in Queen Mary’s
chamber at Holyrood. There, too, remained till very recent years the
haunted house of the prince of Scottish wizards, Major Weir; and near by
the Clockmaker’s Land, noted to the last for the ingenious piece of
workmanship of Paul Remieu, a Huguenot refugee of the time of Charles
II. Nearly opposite was the dwelling of Provost Stewart, where, in the
famous ’45, he entertained Prince Charles Edward, while Holyrood was for
the last time the palace of the Stuarts. The alley which gave access to
the old Jacobite provost’s dwelling bore in its last days the name of
Donaldson’s Close; for here was the home of one of Edinburgh’s most
pro
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Produced by Michael Pullen and David Widger
THE MARBLE FAUN
or The Romance of Monte Beni
By Nathaniel Hawthorne
In Two Volumes
This is Volume One
Contents
Volume I
I MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
II THE FAUN
III SUBTERRANEAN REMINISCENCES
IV THE SPECTRE OF THE CATACOMB
V MIRIAM'S STUDIO
VI THE VIRGIN'S SHRINE
VII BEATRICE
VIII THE SUBURBAN VILLA
IX THE FAUN AND NYMPH
X THE SYLVAN DANCE
XI FRAGMENTARY SENTENCES
XII A STROLL ON THE PINCIAN
XIII A SCULPTOR'S STUDIO
XIV CLEOPATRA
XV AN AESTHETIC COMPANY
XVI A MOONLIGHT RAMBLE
XVII MIRIAM'S TROUBLE
XVIII ON THE EDGE OF A PRECIPICE
XIX THE FAUN'S TRANSFORMATION
XX THE BURIAL CHANT
XXI THE DEAD CAPUCHIN
XXII THE MEDICI GARDENS
XXIII MIRIAM AND HILDA
Volume II
XXIV THE TOWER AMONG THE APENNINES
XXV SUNSHINE
XXVI THE PEDIGREE OF MONTE BENI
XXVII MYTHS
XXVIII THE OWL TOWER
XXIX ON THE BATTLEMENTS
XXX DONATELLO'S BUST
XXXI THE MARBLE SALOON
XXXII SCENES BY THE WAY
XXXIII PICTURED WINDOWS
XXXIV MARKET-DAY IN PERUGIA
XXXV THE BRONZE PONTIFF'S BENEDICTION
XXXVI HILDA'S TOWER
XXXVII THE EMPTINESS OF PICTURE GALLERIES
XXXVIII ALTARS AND INCENSE
XXXIX THE WORLD'S CATHEDRAL
XL HILDA AND A FRIEND
XLI SNOWDROPS AND MAIDENLY DELIGHTS
XLII REMINISCENCES OF MIRIAM
XLIII THE EXTINCTION OF A LAMP
XLIV THE DESERTED SHRINE
XLV THE FLIGHT OF HILDA'S DOVES
XLVI A WALK ON THE CAMPAGNA
XLVII THE PEASANT AND CONTADINA
XLVIII A SCENE IN THE CORSO
XLIX A FROLIC OF THE CARNIVAL
L MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
THE MARBLE FAUN
Volume I
CHAPTER I
MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
Four individuals, in whose fortunes we should be glad to interest
the reader, happened to be standing in one of the saloons of the
sculpture-gallery in the Capitol at Rome. It was that room (the first,
after ascending the staircase) in the centre of which reclines the noble
and most pathetic figure of the Dying Gladiator, just sinking into his
death-swoon. Around the walls stand the Antinous, the Amazon, the Lycian
Apollo, the Juno; all famous productions of antique sculpture, and still
shining in the undiminished majesty and beauty of their ideal life,
although the marble that embodies them is yellow with time, and perhaps
corroded by the damp earth in which they lay buried for centuries. Here,
likewise, is seen a symbol (as apt at this moment as it was two thousand
years ago) of the Human Soul, with its choice of Innocence or Evil close
at hand, in the pretty figure of a child, clasping a dove to her bosom,
but assaulted by a snake.
From one of the windows of this saloon, we may see a flight of broad
stone steps, descending alongside the antique and massive foundation of
the Capitol, towards the battered triumphal arch of Septimius Severus,
right below. Farther on, the eye skirts along the edge of the desolate
Forum (where Roman washerwomen hang out their linen to the sun), passing
over a shapeless confusion of modern edifices, piled rudely up with
ancient brick and stone, and over the domes of Christian churches,
built on the old pavements of he
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Internet Archives-US
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS
OF THE
American Museum of Natural
History.
Vol. I, Part II.
SOME PROTECTIVE DESIGNS OF THE DAKOTA.
BY
CLARK WISSLER.
NEW YORK:
Published by Order of the Trustees.
February, 1907.
American Museum of Natural History.
PUBLICATIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGY.
The results of research conducted by the Anthropological staff of the
Museum, unless otherwise provided for, are published in a series of
octavo volumes of about 350 pages each, issued in parts at irregular
intervals, entitled Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of
Natural History. The Anthropological work of the Museum is organized
under two heads. The Department of Ethnology exercises curatorial
functions in ethnography, ethnology and physical anthropology and in all
archæology except that pertaining to the present confines of Mexico and
the Central American States which has been delegated to a distinct
department entitled the Department of Archæology. This series of
publications aims to give the results of field-work conducted by the
above departments, supplemented by the study of collections in the
Museum. The editorial responsibilities are administered by the Curator
of the Department of Ethnology.
The following are on sale at the Museum at the prices stated.
Vol. I. Part I. Technique of some South American Feather-work. By
Charles
W. Mead. Pp. 1-18, Plates I-IV, and 14 text figures.
January,
1907. Price, $0.25.
Part II. Some Protective Designs of the Dakota. By Clark
Wissler.
Pp. 19-54, Plates V-VII, and 26 text figures, February,
1907.
Price, $0.50.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS
OF THE
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOL. I, PART II.
SOME PROTECTIVE DESIGNS OF THE DAKOTA.
BY CLARK WISSLER.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION
SHIELD-DESIGNS
GHOST-DANCE DESIGNS
THE HOOP
THE WHIRLWIND
THE THUNDER
THE SPIDER
CONCLUSION
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
V. Model of a Shield, Museum No. 50-2929. Diameter,
39 cm.
VI. Shield-design on a Cape, Museum No. 50-3102. Width
of cape, 178 cm.
VII. Model of a Shield, Museum No. 50-5467. Diameter,
46 cm.
TEXT FIGURES.
1. Shield-cover with Design
2. Shield-design, from a Drawing by a Native
3. Drawing, by a Native, of a Shield-cover
4. Shield-design, from a Drawing by a Native
5. Spider-design for a Shield, from a Drawing by a
Native
6. Shield-design, from a Drawing by the Man who
dreamed of it
7. Shield-design representing a Thunderstorm, from a
Drawing by a Native
8. Model of a Shield with Pictographic Design
9. Design on Sioux Shield captured by a Fox Indian
10. Front of a Ghost-dance Garment
11. Back of Garment shown in Fig. 10
12. Designs on the Front of Ghost-dance Garment
13. Designs on the Back of Garment shown in Fig. 12
14. Front of a Ghost-dance Garment bearing Dragon-fly
Design
15. Back of Garment shown in Fig. 14
16. Circular Design upon a Shirt
17. Sketch, by a Native, of an Elk-mystery Dancer
carrying a Hoop with a Mirror in the Centre
18. Engraved Metal Cross
19. Engraved Bone Object
20. Whirlwind Design, from the
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[Illustration: CALLE DEL PISTOR]
LITERARY LANDMARKS
OF
VENICE
BY
LAURENCE HUTTON
AUTHOR OF “LITERARY LANDMARKS OF LONDON”
“LITERARY LANDMARKS OF EDINBURGH”
“LITERARY LANDMARKS OF JERUSALEM”
ILLUSTRATED
[Illustration: colophon]
NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1896
Copyright, 1896, by HARPER & BROTHERS.
_All rights reserved._
TO
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS
WHOSE VENETIAN LIFE
MADE HAPPY
MY LIFE IN VENICE
ILLUSTRATIONS
CALLE DEL PISTOR _Frontispiece_
ORNAMENTAL HALF-TITLE _Facing page_ xii
THE COUNCIL CHAMBER OF THE DOGES.
IN OTHELLO’S TIME “ “ 6
THE OTHELLO HOUSE “ “ 10
PETRARCH AND LAURA _Page_ 16
THE HOUSE OF PETRARCH _Facing page_ 20
A CHARACTERISTIC CANAL “ “ 26
BYRON’S PALACE “ “ 30
THE RIALTO BRIDGE. AS SHYLOCK KNEW IT “ “ 32
ENTRANCE TO THE MERCERIA “ “ 34
C
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Produced by Distributed Proofreaders
Dick Sands the Boy Captain by Jules Verne
[Redactor's Note: _Dick Sands the Boy Captain_ (Number V018 in the T&M
numerical listing of Verne's works) is a translation of _Un capitaine
de quinze ans_ (1878) by Ellen E. Frewer who also translated other
Verne works. The current translation was published by Sampson & Low in
England (1878) and Scribners in New York (1879) and was republished
many times and included in Volume 8 of the Parke edition of _The Works
of Jules Verne_ (1911). There is another translation published by
George Munro (1878) in New York with the title _Dick Sand A Captain at
Fifteen_.
This work has an almost mechanical repetiveness in the continuing
description of the day after day trials of sailing at sea. Thus the
illustrations, of which there were 94 in the french edition, are all
the more important in keeping up the reader's interest. The titles of
the illustrations are given here as a prelude to a future fully
illustrated edition.]
*****
DICK SANDS
THE BOY CAPTAIN.
BY
JULES VERNE.
TRANSLATED BY
ELLEN E. FREWER
ILLUSTRATED
1879
*****
CONTENTS.
PART THE FIRST
I. THE "PILGRIM"
II. THE APPRENTICE
III. A RESCUE
IV. THE SURVIVORS OF THE "WALDECK"
V. DINGO'S SAGACITY
VI. A WHALE IN SIGHT
VII. PREPARATIONS FOR AN ATTACK
VIII. A CATASTROPHE
IX. DICK'S PROMOTION
X. THE NEW CREW
XI. ROUGH WEATHER
XII. LAND AT LAST
XIV. ASHORE
XV. A STRANGER
XVI. THROUGH THE FOREST
XVII. MISGIVINGS
XVIII. A TERRIBLE DISCOVERY
PART THE SECOND
I. THE DARK CONTINENT
II. ACCOMPLICES
III. ON THE MARCH AGAIN
IV. ROUGH TRAVELLING
V. WHITE ANTS
VI. A DIVING-BELL
VII. A SLAVE CARAVAN
VIII. NOTES BY THE WAY
IX. KAZONDE
X. MARKET-DAY
XI. A BOWL OF PUNCH
XII. ROYAL OBSEQUIES
XIII. IN CAPTIVITY
XIV. A RAY OF HOPE
XV. AN EXCITING CHASE
XVI. A MAGICIAN
XVII. DRIFTING DOWN THE STREAM
XVIII. AN ANXIOUS VOYAGE
XIX. AN ATTACK
XX. A HAPPY REUNION
*****
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Number Title
I-01-a Cousin Benedict
I-01-b Captain Hull advanced to meet Mrs. Weldon and her party
I-02-a Negoro
I-02-b Dick and Little Jack
I-03-a Negoro had approached without being noticed by any one
I-03-b The dog began to swim slowly and with manifest weakness
towards the boat
I-04-a Mrs. Weldon assisted by Nan and the ever active Dick Sands,
was doing everything in her power to restore consciousness
to the poor sufferers
I-04-b The good-natured <DW64>s were ever ready to lend a helping
hand
I-05-a "There you are, then, Master Jack!"
I-05-b Jack cried out in the greatest excitement that Dingo knew
how to read
I-05-c Negoro, with a threatening gesture that seemed half
involuntary, withdrew immediately to his accustomed quarters
I-06-a "This Dingo is nothing out of the way"
I-06-b Occasionally Dick Sands would take a pistol, and now and
then a rifle
I-06-c "What a big fellow!"
I-07-a The captain's voice came from the retreating boat
I-07-b "I must get you to keep your eye upon that man"
I-08-a The whale seemed utterly unconscious
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Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
Twenty-Five Years in a Waggon in South Africa, by Andrew A. Anderson.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN A WAGGON IN SOUTH AFRICA, BY ANDREW A. ANDERSON.
PREFACE.
My object in writing this work is to add another page to the physical
geography of Africa. That region selected for my explorations has
hitherto been a _terra incognita_ in all maps relating to this dark
continent. The field of my labour has been South Central Africa, north
of the Cape Colony, up to the Congo region, comprising an area of
2,000,000 square miles; in length, from north to south, 1100 miles, and
from east to west--that is, from the Indian to the South Atlantic
Ocean--1800 miles, which includes the whole of Africa from sea to sea,
and from the 15 degree to the 30 degree south latitude.
It has been my desire to make physical geography a pleasant study to the
young, and in gaining this knowledge of a country, they may at the same
time become acquainted with its resources and capabilities for future
enterprise in commercial pursuits to all who may embark in such
undertakings, and this cannot be accomplished without having a full
knowledge of the people who inhabit the land; also its geological
features, natural history, botany, and other subjects of interest in
connection with it. Such information is imperative to a commercial
nation like Great Britain, particularly when we look round and see such
immense competition in trade with our continental neighbours,
necessitates corresponding energy at home if we wish to hold our own in
the great markets of the world, and this cannot be done unless the
resources and capabilities of every quarter of the globe is thoroughly
known. And for this purpose my endeavours have been directed, so far as
South Central Africa is concerned, and to fill up the blank in the
physical geography of that portion of the African Continent.
When I undertook this work in 1863 no information could be obtained as
to what was beyond our colonial frontier, except that a great part was
desert land uninhabited, except in parts by wild Bushmen, and the
remaining region beyond by lawless tribes of natives. I at once saw
there was a great field open for explorations, and I undertook that duty
in that year, being strongly impressed with the importance, that
eventually it would become (connected as it is with our South African
possessions) of the highest value, if in our hands, for the preservation
of our African colonies, the extension of our trade, and a great field
for civilising and Christianising the native races, as also for
emigration, which would lead to most important results, in opening up
the great high road to Central Africa, thereby securing to the Cape
Colony and Natal a vast increase of trade and an immense opening for the
disposal of British merchandise that would otherwise flow into other
channels through foreign ports; and, at the same time, knowing how
closely connected native territories were to our border, which must
affect politically and socially the different nationalities that are so
widely spread over all the southern portion of Africa. With these
advantages to be attained, it was necessary that some step should be
taken to explore these regions, open up the country, and correctly
delineate its physical features, and, if time permitted, its geological
formation also, and other information that could be collected from time
to time as I proceeded on my work. Such a vast extent of country,
containing 2,000,000 square miles, cannot be thoroughly explored
single-handed under many years' labour, neither can so extensive an area
be properly or intelligibly described as a whole. I have, therefore, in
the first place, before entering upon general subjects, deemed it
advisable to describe the several river systems and their basins in
connection with the watersheds, as it will greatly facilitate and make
more explicit the description given as to the locality of native
territories that occupy this interesting and valuable portion of the
African continent, in relation to our South African colonies. And,
secondly, to describe separately each native state, the latitude and
longitude of places, distances, and altitudes above sea-level, including
those subjects above referred to. All this may be considered dry
reading. I have therefore introduced many incidents that occurred
during my travels through the country from time to time. To have
enlarged on personal events, such as hunting expeditions, which were of
daily occurrence, would have extended this work to an unusual length,
therefore I have taken extracts from my journals to make the book, I
trust, more interesting, and at the same time make physical geography a
pleasant study to the young, who may wish to make themselves acquainted
with every part of the globe. This is the first and most important duty
to all who are entering into commercial pursuits, for without this
knowledge little can be done in extending our commerce to regions
| 534.353665 | 2,535 |
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E-text prepared by Giovanni Fini and the Online Distributed Proofreading
Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 48107-h.htm or 48107-h.zip:
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48107/48107-h/48107-h.htm)
or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48107/48107-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
https://archive.org/details/inlineofbattle00woodrich
IN THE LINE OF BATTLE
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| _UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME_ |
| |
| Soldiers’ Stories of the War |
| |
| Edited by WALTER WOOD |
| |
| With 20 full-page Illustrations by A. C. MICHAEL. |
| |
| _Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s. net_ |
| |
| |
| “Unchallengeably the best war budget of its kind that we have |
| had.”--_The Referee._ |
| |
| “A collection of absolutely authentic accounts by privates |
| and non-commissioned officers.... In the language in which |
| these fighters couch their experiences and opinions we see a |
| great simplicity and directness of observation and recital, so |
| admirable that _one page of such writing is worth all the folios |
| of the war experts and correspondents_, not to say romancers and |
| publicists.”--_The Athenæum._ |
| |
| “It is a stimulating and hopeful record, full of the real |
| atmosphere of the war, and Mr. Wood has done a serviceable thing |
| in producing it.”--_Daily Chronicle._ |
| |
| “The human side, the naked horror and simple glory of actual |
| conflict, is what Mr. Wood’s soldiers are concerned with, and the |
| stories they tell give a clearer picture of this side of war than |
| can be found in any other form.”--_Pall Mall Gazette._ |
| |
| “All Mr. Wood’s papers make us feel, if that is possible, prouder |
| of the British sailor and soldier.”--_Evening News._ |
| |
| “A very real and deeply affecting book, and the editor has done |
| a valuable work in collecting these poignant, odd, whimsical, |
| terrible stories together.”--_Westminster Gazette._ |
| |
| “No man who boasts a heart, least of all any man of young limbs, |
| will read these soldiers’ simple stories without a quickening |
| of the pulse. They are at once a great stimulus and a great |
| memorial.”--_Daily Telegraph._ |
| |
| “It is a noble tribute to the unassuming heroism of the |
| British soldier, and brings one close to the realities of |
| war.”--_Spectator._ |
| |
| “This is a collection of absolutely authentic stories narrated |
| by non-commissioned officers and privates who have taken part in |
| the present war, and who relate their experiences.”--_War Office |
| Times._ |
| |
| “Mr. Wood has done his work uncommonly well; his book is alive |
| with interest, and has the permanent value that must always |
| belong to such first-hand testimony.”--_Bookman._ |
| |
| |
| LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, LTD. |
| |
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+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
[Illustration:
[_Frontispiece._
“SEVERAL VILLAGES... HAVE BEEN DESTROYED IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR
DEFENCE.... MY HEART BLEEDS WHEN... I THINK OF THE NUMBER OF INNOCENT
PERSONS WHO HAVE LOST THEIR HOMES AND THEIR GOODS.”--THE KAISER, IN A
TELEGRAM TO PRESIDENT WILSON.]
IN THE LINE OF BATTLE
Soldiers’ Stories of the War
Edited by
WALTER WOOD
Author of
“Men of the North Sea,” “Survivors’ Tales of Great Events,”
“North Sea Fishers and Fighters,” etc
Illustrated from Official Photographs
London
Ch
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Produced by Al Haines.
"But Love, that moves the earth, and skies, and sea,
Beheld his old love in her misery,
And wrapped her heart in sudden gentle sleep;
And meanwhile caused unnumbered _ants_ to creep
About her, and they wrought so busily
That all, ere sundown, was as it should be,
And homeward went again the _kingless folk_."
--_The Earthly Paradise._
*KINGLESS FOLK*
*AND*
*Other Addresses on Bible Animals.*
BY THE
*Rev. JOHN ADAMS, B.D., Inverkeilor.*
Edinburgh and London:
OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER.
1897.
*CONTENTS.*
KINGLESS FOLK, The Ant
HOOKS OF STEEL, The Bear
THE SACRED BIRD, The Dove
LITTLE, BUT WISE, The Coney
CROWNED WITH HONOUR, The Ass's Colt
THE REDBREAST
A BORN MATHEMATICIAN, The Bee
THE BIRD OF FREEDOM, The Swallow
A HOUSE OF GOSSAMER, The Spider
LITTLE FOLLIES, The Fly
PEARLS, NOT PEAS, The Pearl-Oyster
SOME OTHER SHELLS
CALVES OF THE STALL, The Calf
FUR OR FEATHER?, The Bat
ONWARD AND UPWARD, The Eagle
THE VICTOR VANQUISHED, The Lion
THE BIRD OF THE DAWN, The Cock-crowing
PEACE
*The Ant.*
"Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise: which
having no guide, overseer, or ruler, provideth her meat in the summer,
and gathereth her food in the harvest."--Prov. vi. 6-8.
Of what use is a sluggard? "Everything in the world is of some use,"
says John Ploughman, "but it would puzzle a doctor of divinity, or a
philosopher, or the wisest owl in our steeple, to tell the good of
idleness; that seems to me to be an ill wind which blows nobody any
good, a sort of mud which breeds no eels, a dirty ditch which would not
feed a frog. Sift a sluggard grain by grain, and you'll find him all
chaff." A sluggard is really a good-for-nothing, and no better advice
could be given to boys than this: "Get out of the sluggard's way, or you
may catch his disease and never get rid of it. Grow up like bees, and
you will never be drones."
In this passage from the Book of Proverbs, Solomon advises the sluggard
to go back to school that he may learn _wisdom_, for his folly is quite
equal to his idleness. He is too lazy to drive in a nail, and as the old
jingling rhyme has it, "For want of a nail a shoe came off, for want of
a shoe a horse was lost, for want of a horse a man was lost, for want of
a man a battle was lost, and for loss of a battle a kingdom was lost."
Because of the sluggard's first idleness in refusing to drive in the
nail the whole kingdom comes down about his ears. It is not much ease
he gets for all his scheming, and therefore he is sent back to school to
learn wisdom.
The schoolmaster this time is the _Ant_, for, as the Bible tells us,
"there be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are
exceeding wise: the ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their
meat in the summer" (Prov. xxx. 24).
The wisdom taught by the ant is threefold.
I.--THE WISDOM OF WORK.
If it be the hand of the diligent that maketh rich, the ants deserve to
flourish; for there are few sluggards in their nest. The great mass of
the teeming population is called "_the workers_." There may be a few
males and females in each community dressed in four beautiful gauze
wings, and no doubt regarding themselves as very superior members of the
society--the veritable aristocracy of ant life--but they never touch the
work with one of their little fingers. The keeping of the nest, the
gathering of the food, the care of the eggs, and the rearing of the
young ants, all devolves on the shoulders of the willing workers; and
they, though they have no wings at all, and are called "neutrals" and
some other ugly names, cheerfully undertake the whole labour, and make
the entire community flourish through sheer hard work.
And that is a splendid lesson for all young people. All great men, as
well as all true ants, have been hard workers. This is the only royal
road to success.
What Sir Joshua Reynolds said to his students is equally true when
applied to other professions: "You must be told again and again that
labour is the only price of solid fame, and that whatever your force of
genius may be, there is no easy method of becoming a good painter.
Nothing is denied to well-directed labour; nothing is to be obtained
without it." Jesus Himself was a hard worker. Go, learn of the ant,
and be wise.
II.--THE WISDOM OF SELF-RELIANCE.
Solomon adds that the ants carry on their labours without "guide,
overseer, or ruler," and that is strictly the case. The ants are a
feeble people, but they are perfectly self-reliant. The bees, for
instance, have a royal personage in their hive. We call her the queen.
And thus we may speak of bees as we speak of ourselves, as living under
a monarchical government. But the ants have no king or queen. There is
no royal personage in their nest. They are rather to be regarded as
staunch republicans, who carry on their labours without any "ruler,"
guided simply by that unerring instinct which imitates the actings of
reason. The silly sheep may require a shepherd to take care of them,
but the sagacious ants can take care of themselves.
And all boys who are worth their salt must try to learn the same lesson.
They must learn to strike out a path for themselves, and not be content
to eat the bread of idleness. They must work for the good of the whole
community by learning to stand on their own feet. They must despise the
ignoble position of those who, having no mind of their own, are led like
a flock of sheep by the will of another. They must think and act for
themselves if ever they are to rise to a position of influence. In one
word, they must be self-reliant. No doubt there is a sense in which we
must be dependent on the labours of others. Every honest man is bound
to acknowledge the assistance which he has received from his parents,
his fellows, and his God. But the two things are not opposed. "These
two things, contradictory though they may seem, must go together--manly
dependence and manly independence, manly reliance and manly
self-reliance" (Wordsworth). The two things stand or fall together.
Self-reliance is not selfishness, manly independence is not ignorant
braggadocio. The ants toil for the common weal. They rely on one
another.
III.--THE WISDOM OF MAKING PROVISION FOR THE FUTURE.
"They prepare their meat in the summer." This fact has been denied by
modern entomologists. They have told us that ants are dormant in winter
(at least in Europe), and, therefore, stand in no need of food. But, as
one reminds us, "we had need to be very sure of our facts when we
attempt to correct the Spirit of God" (Gosse). It has been amply
ascertained that in the East and other warm countries where hibernation
is impossible, ants do store up for winter use. It is even stated that
these harvesting ants bite off the radicle at the end of the seed to
prevent its germinating, and occasionally bring up their stores to the
surface to dry, when the tiny granary has been entered and soaked by the
rain.
It is at this point that the example of the ant is specially severe on
the sluggard. In crass idleness he would sleep even in the time of
harvest; but this little creature, the least of insects, avails herself
of every suitable opportunity, and gathers a supply of food sufficient
for her purposes. "He that gathereth in summer is a wise son, but he
that sleepeth in harvest is a son that causeth shame." Let all boys
then lay up for the future. Is it _knowledge_? Let them sow well at
school, that they may reap well in business. Is it _character_? Let
them sow well in youth, that they may reap well in manhood. Is it
_religion_? Let them sow well in time, that they may reap well in
eternity. In all these connections let them be warned by these solemn
words, "The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold, therefore
shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing" (Prov. xx. 4).
*The Bear.*
"I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps."--Hos. xiii.
8.
However ferocious a bear may be, she is also capable of a large and
generous affection. She is at once a fond mother, a constant friend
and, if one may so express it, a magnanimous foe. Her devotion to her
young is proverbial. She possesses the strongest maternal instincts,
and when to her easily roused ferocity the fury of these instincts is
added, it may be imagined what the violence of her attack will be. Any
one who threatens the safety of her cubs does so at his peril. The
constancy of her friendship is shown by the following curious case,
related by Brehm. He tells us of a little boy who crept one night for
warmth and shelter into the cage of an extremely savage bear. The
latter, instead of devouring the child, took him under its protection,
kept him warm with the heat of its body, and allowed him to return every
night to its cage. By-and-by the poor boy died from smallpox, and the
bear, utterly disconsolate, henceforth refused all food, and soon
followed its little _protege_ to the grave.
But the bear is kind--_effusively_ kind, even to its enemies. In the
manner of its attack it does not fell them to the ground with one blow
of its paw like the lion, nor seize them with its teeth like the dog.
It _hugs_ them. It embraces them with its powerful fore-limbs with a
great: show of affection, and continues the squeeze so long that the
poor wretched victims are suffocated. Bruin does nothing by halves. The
advice of old Polonius is followed to the very letter:--
"The friends thou hast and their adoption tried,
Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel."
He _does_ grapple them. He may give great attention to the friendships
of life, but he does not forget to _embrace_ his enemies.
With respect to the bear mentioned in the Bible, we may note three
points.
I.--ITS KIND.
This is not the common brown bear of Europe, nor the white polar bear of
the Arctic regions; but the yellowish-brown Syrian bear, which may still
be found in its native haunts around the wooded fastnesses of Hermon and
Lebanon. It is shorter in limb and has smaller claws than its European
cousin; but its most striking peculiarity is its change of colour. Like
many other animals, the Syrian bear changes its colour as it grows
older. "When a cub it is of a darkish brown, which becomes a light brown
as it approaches maturity. But when it has attained its full growth it
becomes cream-, and each succeeding year seems to lighten its
coat, so that a very old bear is nearly as white as its relative of the
Arctic regions" (J. G. Wood). Alas! the change which is produced by age
is not confined to _Ursus Syriacus_. The boy, no less than the bear,
will yet experience that solemn transformation. The blackest locks will
yet whiten with the frosts of age, for lustre, youth, and virility will
all alike perish. But this change is only the outward symbol of what
ought to be an inward, spiritual fact. If the locks whiten, so ought
the conscience, the soul, the heart. As youth passes into manhood and
manhood into age, the man within should "aye be gettin' whiter"; until
when the locks have grown grey in the service of righteousness, the
children may "rise up before the _hoary_ head, and honour the face of
the old man" (Lev. xix. 32).
"Yes, childhood, mark the hoary head and rise--
Stand on thy feet and give the honour due;
That crown of glory points you to the skies,
Like snow-capped mountains in the azure blue."
II.--ITS FOOD.
The bear, to begin with, is a strict vegetarian. While he can find
abundance of vegetables and fruit he is little disposed to go far in
varying his means of subsistence. His teeth are formed for the purpose.
Unlike those of the lion or tiger, which have a scissor-blade
appearance, and are incapable of any but an up-and-down motion, the
teeth of the bear are true grinders or molars, and the hinge of the
lower jaw is so constructed that it can be worked from side to side, so
that the bear can actually _chew_ its food.
It is said to be very fond of strawberries--like some little boys we
know--and like the blackbird it can walk daintily along the rows and
pick out the ripest. But if there be one thing more than any other that
throws the bear into an ecstasy of excitement it is the prospect of a
feast of honey. A nest of ants is nothing in comparison. The long nose
is thrust into the delicious comb, though it be stung and stung again by
the infuriated inhabitants.
It is not till other food fails that the bear becomes carnivorous. But
then, driven by hunger, it will even descend into the lower pastures and
seize upon the goats and the sheep. This habit is referred to by the
youthful David in 1 Samuel xvii. 33. King Saul was trying to dissuade
him from matching himself against the gigantic Philistine; but David
answered: "Thy servant kept his father's sheep, and there came a lion,
and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock: and I went out after him,
and smote him, and delivered it out of his hand.... Thy servant slew
both the lion and the bear, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be
as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God."
And all the young people know the result. One smooth stone from the
brook was placed in David's sling, and yon huge mass of human arrogance
was hurled to the ground. They who fight for Jehovah need never fear.
A stone cast in His name becomes a thunderbolt.
III.--ITS FEROCITY.
"Let a bear robbed of her whelps meet a man rather than a fool in his
folly" (Prov. xvii. 12).
The whelps themselves are not ferocious. Indeed, they are remarkably
stupid. They are as confident as they are weak, and do not even try to
escape when the hunters come upon them. The young water-fowl by the
river-side disappear in an instant if you happen to come upon them; but
the cubs of the bear, with a stupid simplicity, just allow themselves to
be caught and massacred. They remind one of the lamb mentioned by the
poet:--
"Pleased to the last they crop the flowery food,
And lick the hand just raised to shed their blood."
But there is something far worse than this simplicity. There is
brazen-faced irreverence and impudence. When Elisha, the man of God,
was going up to Bethel, a crowd of young vagabonds came out of the
village and mocked the old man, and said: "Go up, thou bald head; go up,
thou bald head. And two she-bears came rushing out of the wood, and
tare forty and two of them" (2 Kings ii. 24). These were not little
children, but "young lads" (R.V. margin), who had begun to herd at
street corners, and to scoff and gibe at those who passed by. And, in
our own day, society would be none the worse of a few she-bears to act
as a kind of police at all such corners. They might help to rid the
streets of a good deal of juvenile profanity. But alas! because this
Old Testament punishment does not fall on these young miscreants, the
evil, instead of becoming less, is in great danger of being largely
increased. And yet, if boys only knew it, a far worse calamity has
already fallen. They may not have been attacked by bears, but they
themselves have become bears--not growing fairer, nobler, whiter, as
they grow in years; but fouler, darker, meaner, with the awful increase
of sin--selling themselves to do evil in the sight of the Lord. Ah! let
every true lad beware as to the company he keeps. "Evil company doth
corrupt good manners." "Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also
reap;" and "the way of the ungodly shall perish."
*The Dove.*
"And He said unto them that sold doves, Take these things hence."--John
ii
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THE OCTOPUS
A Story of California
by Frank Norris
BOOK 1
CHAPTER I
Just after passing Caraher's saloon, on the County Road that ran south
from Bonneville, and that divided the Broderson ranch from that of Los
Muertos, Presley was suddenly aware of the faint and prolonged blowing
of a steam whistle that he knew must come from the railroad shops near
the depot at Bonneville. In starting out from the ranch house that
morning, he had forgotten his watch, and was now perplexed to know
whether the whistle was blowing for twelve or for one o'clock. He hoped
the former. Early that morning he had decided to make a long excursion
through the neighbouring country, partly on foot and partly on his
bicycle, and now noon was come already, and as yet he had hardly
started. As he was leaving the house after breakfast, Mrs. Derrick had
asked him to go for the mail at Bonneville, and he had not been able to
refuse.
He took a firmer hold of the cork grips of his handlebars--the road
being in a wretched condition after the recent hauling of the crop--and
quickened his pace. He told himself that, no matter what the time was,
he would not stop for luncheon at the ranch house, but would push on
to Guadalajara and have a Spanish dinner at Solotari's, as he had
originally planned.
There had not been much of a crop to haul that year. Half of the wheat
on the Broderson ranch had failed entirely, and Derrick himself had
hardly raised more than enough to supply seed for the winter's sowing.
But such little hauling as there had been had reduced the roads
thereabouts to a lamentable condition, and, during the dry season of the
past few months, the layer of dust had deepened and thickened to such
an extent that more than once Presley was obliged to dismount and trudge
along on foot, pushing his bicycle in front of him.
It was the last half of September, the very end of the dry season, and
all Tulare County, all the vast reaches of the San Joaquin Valley--in
fact all South Central California, was bone dry, parched, and baked
and crisped after four months of cloudless weather, when the day seemed
always at noon, and the sun blazed white hot over the valley from the
Coast Range in the west to the foothills of the Sierras in the east.
As Presley drew near to the point where what was known as the Lower Road
struck off through the Rancho de Los Muertos, leading on to Guadalajara,
he came upon one of the county watering-tanks, a great, iron-hooped
tower of wood, straddling clumsily on its four uprights by the roadside.
Since the day of its completion, the storekeepers and retailers of
Bonneville had painted their advertisements upon it. It was a landmark.
In that reach of level fields, the white letters upon it could be read
for miles. A watering-trough stood near by, and, as he was very thirsty,
Presley resolved to stop for a moment to get a drink.
He drew abreast of the tank and halted there, leaning his bicycle
against the fence. A couple of men in white overalls were repainting
the surface of the tank, seated on swinging platforms that hung by hooks
from the roof. They were painting a sign--an advertisement. It was all
but finished and read, "S. Behrman, Real Estate, Mortgages, Main Street,
Bonneville, Opposite the Post Office." On the horse-trough that stood
in the shadow of the tank was another freshly painted inscription: "S.
Behrman Has Something To Say To You."
As Presley straightened up after drinking from the faucet at one end of
the horse-trough, the watering-cart itself laboured into view around
the turn of the Lower Road. Two mules and two horses, white with dust,
strained leisurely in the traces, moving at a snail's pace, their limp
ears marking the time; while perched high upon the seat, under a yellow
cotton wagon umbrella, Presley recognised Hooven, one of Derrick's
tenants, a German, whom every one called "Bismarck," an excitable little
man with a perpetual grievance and an endless flow of broken English.
"Hello, Bismarck," said Presley, as Hooven brought his team to a
standstill by the tank, preparatory to refilling.
"Yoost der men I look for, Mist'r Praicely," cried the other, twisting
the reins around the brake. "Yoost one minute, you wait, hey? I wanta
talk mit you."
Presley was impatient to be on his way again. A little more time wasted,
and the day would be lost. He had nothing to do with the management
of the ranch, and if Hooven wanted any advice from him, it was so much
breath wasted. These uncouth brutes of farmhands and petty ranchers,
grimed with the soil they worked upon, were odious to him beyond words.
Never could he feel in sympathy with them, nor with their lives, their
ways, their marriages, deaths, bickerings, and all the monotonous round
of their sordid existence.
"Well, you must be quick about it, Bismarck," he answered sharply. "I'm
late for dinner, as it is."
"Soh, now. Two minuten, und I be mit you." He drew down the overhanging
spout of the tank to the vent in the circumference of the cart and
pulled the chain that let out the water. Then he climbed down from the
seat, jumping from the tire of the wheel, and taking Presley by the arm
led him a few steps down the road.
"Say," he began. "Say, I want to hef some converzations mit you. Yoost
der men I want to see. Say, Caraher, he tole me dis morgen--say, he tole
me Mist'r Derrick gowun to farm der whole demn rench hisseluf der next
yahr. No more tenants. Say, Caraher, he tole me all der tenants get der
sach; Mist'r Derrick gowun to work der whole demn rench hisseluf, hey?
ME, I get der sach alzoh, hey? You hef hear about dose ting? Say, me, I
hef on der ranch been sieben yahr--seven yahr. Do I alzoh----"
"You'll have to see Derrick himself or Harran about that, Bismarck,"
interrupted Presley, trying to draw away. "That's something outside of
me entirely."
But Hooven was not to be put off. No doubt he had been meditating his
speech all the morning, formulating his words, preparing his phrases.
"Say, no, no," he continued. "Me, I wanta stay bei der place; seven yahr
I hef stay. Mist'r Derrick, he doand want dot I should be ge-sacked.
Who, den, will der ditch ge-tend? Say, you tell 'um Bismarck hef gotta
sure stay bei der place. Say, you hef der pull mit der Governor. You
speak der gut word for me."
"Harran is the man that has the pull with his father, Bismarck,"
answered Presley. "You get Harran to speak for you, and you're all
right."
"Sieben yahr I hef stay," protested Hooven, "and who will der ditch
ge-tend, und alle dem cettles drive?"
"Well, Harran's your man," answered Presley, preparing to mount his
bicycle.
"Say, you hef hear about dose ting?"
"I don't hear about anything, Bismarck. I don't know the first thing
about how the ranch is run."
"UND DER PIPE-LINE GE-MEND," Hooven burst out, suddenly remembering a
forgotten argument. He waved an arm. "Ach, der pipe-line bei der Mission
Greek, und der waater-hole for dose cettles. Say, he doand doo ut
HIMSELLUF, berhaps, I doand tink."
"Well, talk to Harran about it."
"Say, he doand farm der whole demn rench bei hisseluf. Me, I gotta
stay."
But on a sudden the water in the cart gushed over the sides from the
vent in the top with a smart sound of splashing. Hooven was forced to
turn his attention to it. Presley got his wheel under way.
"I
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Produced by Sonya Schermann, Albert László and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s Note
When italics were used in the original book, the corresponding text has
been surrounded by _underscores_. Superscripts have been indicated by
preceding the superscripted letters with ^. When more than one character
in a row is superscripted, the letters have been surrounded with {}.
Ditto marks have been replaced by the text they represent. Some
corrections have been made to the printed text. These are listed in a
second transcriber’s note at the end of the text.
[Illustration: ELEVATION OF FAÇADE OF COLOGNE CATHEDRAL.]
A
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
IN ALL COUNTRIES,
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY.
BY JAMES FERGUSSON, D.C.L., F.R.S., M.R.A.S.,
FELLOW ROYAL INST. BRIT. ARCHITECTS,
_&c. &c. &c._
[Illustration: Section of the Parthenon, showing the Author’s views as
to the admission of light.]
IN FIVE VOLUMES.—VOL. I.
_THIRD EDITION._
EDITED BY R. PHENÉ SPIERS, F.S.A.,
FELLOW ROYAL INST. BRITISH ARCHITECTS.
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET,
1893.
_The right of Translation is reserved._
FERGUSSON’S ARCHITECTURE.
--------------
_Third Edition, with 330 Illustrations, 2 vols., medium 8vo_, 31s. 6d.
A HISTORY CF THE MODERN STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE.
By the late JAMES FERGUSSON, F.R.S.
A New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. With a Special Account of the
Architecture of America.
By ROBERT KERR, Professor of Architecture at King’s College, London.
--------------
BY THE SAME.
_New and Cheaper Edition, with 400 Illustrations, medium 8vo._, 31s. 6d.
A HISTORY OF INDIAN AND EASTERN ARCHITECTURE.
LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
EDITOR’S PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
A sketch of the life of the late Mr. James Fergusson, and an article by
Prof. Kerr on the peculiar qualifications with which he was endowed for
the position he took as an architectural historian, having appeared in
the preface of the third edition of the “History of the Modern Styles of
Architecture,” published in 1891, it is not necessary to do more than
refer to them. A brief summary, however, of the several works he
published on the History of the Architectural Styles may possibly be of
some interest here as a record.
Mr. Fergusson’s first work dealing with the History of the Styles of
Architecture was a large octavo volume, published in 1849, under the
title of “An Historical Enquiry into the True Principles of Beauty in
Art, more especially with reference to Architecture.” About one-third of
the volume was devoted to an introduction, to which Mr. Fergusson
attached so much importance that, in his preface he stated he considered
it to be the text, and the rest of the work (viz., the description of
the various styles) merely the illustration of what was there stated.
The pith of this introduction was subsequently published in his later
works, and a valuable chapter added to it on “Ethnography as Applied to
Architecture.” The work contained only the history of the Early Styles
from Egyptian to Roman, but it had been the intention of its author to
treat of the Christian, Pagan, and Modern Styles of Architecture in
subsequent volumes.
This intention was never carried out, but the book formed the basis of
another work published in 1855, entitled, “The Handbook of
Architecture,” which included the history of the Indian, Chinese,
Assyrian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Sassanian, and Saracenic Styles, in
the first volume, and of Christian Art in the second. A second edition,
a reprint only of this, appeared in 1859, and shortly afterwards, in
1862, a third volume was published, dealing with the History of the
Modern Styles. On the revision and expansion of the work in
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THE VALKYRIES
BY
E. F. BENSON
Author of "Limitations," "Dodo," etc.
T. FISHER UNWIN
LONDON LEIPZIG PARIS
1903
[Illustration: The Flight of the Valkyries]
[Illustration: Brunnhilde]
[Illustration: Siegmund The Wolsung]
[Illustration: Waltraute]
[Illustration]
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION: THE HOUSE OF HUNDING
CHAPTER II
THE COMING OF THE STRANGER
CHAPTER III
THE STORY OF THE STRANGER
CHAPTER IV
THE RECOGNITION
CHAPTER V
THE STRIFE OF WOTAN AND FRICKA
CHAPTER VI
SIEGMUND'S LOT IS CAST
CHAPTER VII
THE FIGHT OF SIEGMUND
CHAPTER VIII
THE FLIGHT OF BRUNNHILDE
CHAPTER IX
THE SENTENCE OF BRUNNHILDE
CHAPTER X
THE SLEEP OF BRUNNHILDE.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ILLUSTRATIONS
THE FLIGHT OF THE VALKYRIES Frontispiece
OFTEN HAD SHE SAT THERE
"LADY, I THANK THEE"
"TO-NIGHT WE ARE HOST AND GUEST"
AT THAT HE WRENCHED AT THE SWORD-HILT
"I GIVE THEE MINE OATH!" SAID HE
VERY SLOWLY SHE ARMED HERSELF
"WOTAN'S SPEAR IS STRETCHED AGAINST THEE, SIEGMUND"
BRUNNHILDE BRINGS SIEGLINDE TO THE VALKYRIES' MEETING-PLACE
CROUCHING AMONG HER SISTERS
THEN TENDERLY HE RAISED HER FROM WHERE SHE KNELT
PREFACE
In the following pages an attempt has been made to render as closely
as possible into English narrative prose the libretto of Wagner's
"Valkyrie". The story is one little known to English readers, and even
those who are familiar with the gigantic music may find in the story
something which, even when rendered into homely prose, will reveal to
them some new greatness of the master-mind of its author. It is in this
hope that I have attempted this version.
Whether I have attempted a task either absolutely impossible, or
impossible to my capacity, I cannot tell, for so huge is the scale of
the original, so big with passion, so set in the riot of storm-clouds
and elemental forces, that perhaps it can only be conveyed to the mind
as Wagner conveyed it, through such sonorous musical interpretations
as he alone was capable of giving to it. Yet even because the theme is
so great, rather than in spite of it, any interpretation, even that
of halting prose, may be unable to miss certain of the force of the
original.
The drama itself comes second in the tetralogy of the Ring, being
preceded by the Rheingold. But this latter is more properly to be
considered as the overture to a trilogy than as the first drama of
a tetralogy. In it the stage is set, and Heaven above, rainbow-girt
Walhalla, and the dark stir of the forces beneath the earth, Alberich
and the Niebelungs, enter the arena waiting for the puny and momentous
sons of men to assert their rightful lordship over the earth, at the
arising of whom the gods grow grey and the everlasting foundations of
Walhalla crumble. From the strange loves of Siegmund and Sieglinde,
love not of mortal passion, but of primeval and elemental need, the
drama starts; this is the first casting of the shuttle across the
woof of destiny. From that point, through the present drama, through
Siegfried, through the dusk of the gods the eternal grinding of the
mills continues. Once set going the gods themselves are powerless
to stop them, for the stream that turns them is stronger than the
thunderings of Wotan, for the stream is "That which shall be."
In storm the drama begins, in storm of thunder and all the range of
passion and of death it works its inevitable way, till for a moment
there is calm, when on the mountain-top Brunnhilde sleeps, waiting for
the coming of him whose she is, for the awakening to the joy of human
life. And there till Siegfried leaps the barrier of flame we leave her.
E. F. BENSON.
THE VALKYRIES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
THE HOUSE OF HUNDING
Never before in the memory of man had spring been so late in
coming, and into mid-May had lasted the hurricanes and tempests of
winter. Not even yet was the armoury of its storms and squalls wholly
spent, and men, as they huddled by the fire and heard night by night,
and day by day the bugling of the wind, and the hiss of rain and the
patter of the hailstones, wondered what this subversion and stay of the
wholesome seasons should portend. For now for many years had strange
omens and forebodings shadowed and oppressed the earth. Some said that
the earth itself and Erda the spirit of earth were growing old; some
even had seen the great mother, not as of old she had appeared from
time to time, vigorous and young, clad in the fresh green of growing
things, but old and heavy-eyed, and her mantle was frosted over with
rime, for the chill of the unremitting years had fallen on her. Others
again said that in Walhalla, which Wotan the father of gods and men had
builded by the might of giants, all was not well; that shadows crowded
in places where no shadows should be, and that their companies grew
ever greater, and that dim voices of wailing and of warning sounded
in the ears and in the high places of the gods. Others said that the
gods themselves were growing old; that Wotan feared the spirits of
the earth, and of the places beneath the earth, for he was no longer
certain of his strength, and
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Makers of History
Xerxes
BY JACOB ABBOTT
WITH ENGRAVINGS
NEW YORK AND LONDON
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1902
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by
HARPER & BROTHERS,
In the Clerk's Office for the Southern District of New York.
Copyright, 1878, by JACOB ABBOTT
[Illustration: ARTABANUS AND THE GHOST]
PREFACE.
One special object which the author of this series has had in view, in
the plan and method which he has followed in the preparation of the
successive volumes, has been to adapt them to the purposes of text-books
in schools. The study of a _general compend_ of history, such as is
frequently used as a text-book, is highly useful, if it comes in at the
right stage of education, when the mind is sufficiently matured, and has
acquired sufficient preliminary knowledge to understand and appreciate
so condensed a generalization as a summary of the whole history of a
nation contained in an ordinary volume must necessarily be. Without this
degree of maturity of mind, and this preparation, the study of such a
work will be, as it too frequently is, a mere mechanical committing to
memory of names, and dates, and phrases, which awaken no interest,
communicate no ideas, and impart no useful knowledge to the mind.
A class of ordinary pupils, who have not yet become much acquainted with
history, would, accordingly, be more benefited by having their attention
concentrated, at first, on detached and separate topics, such as those
which form the subjects, respectively, of these volumes. By studying
thus fully the history of individual monarchs, or the narratives of
single events, they can go more fully into detail; they conceive of the
transactions described as realities; their reflecting and reasoning
powers are occupied on what they read; they take notice of the motives
of conduct, of the gradual development of character, the good or ill
desert of actions, and of the connection of causes and consequences,
both in respect to the influence of wisdom and virtue on the one hand,
and, on the other, of folly and crime. In a word, their _minds_ and
_hearts_ are occupied instead of merely their memories. They reason,
they sympathize, they pity, they approve, and they condemn. They enjoy
the real and true pleasure which constitutes the charm of historical
study for minds that are mature; and they acquire a taste for truth
instead of fiction, which will tend to direct their reading into proper
channels in all future years.
The use of these works, therefore, as text-books in classes, has been
kept continually in mind in the preparation of them. The running index
on the tops of the pages is intended to serve instead of questions.
These captions can be used in their present form as _topics_, in respect
to which, when announced in the class, the pupils are to repeat
substantially what is said on the page; or, on the other hand, questions
in form, if that mode is preferred, can be readily framed from them by
the teacher. In all the volumes, a very regular system of division is
observed, which will greatly facilitate the assignment of lessons.
CONTENTS.
Chapter Page
I. THE MOTHER OF XERXES 13
II. EGYPT AND GREECE 33
III. DEBATE ON THE PROPOSED INVASION OF GREECE 56
IV. PREPARATIONS FOR THE INVASION OF GREECE 78
V. THE CROSSING OF THE HELLESPONT 100
VI. THE REVIEW OF THE ARMY AT DORISCUS 125
VII. PREPARATIONS OF THE GREEKS FOR DEFENSE 151
VIII. THE ADVANCE OF XERXES INTO GREECE 178
IX. THE BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE 201
X. THE BURNING OF ATHENS 224
XI. THE BATTLE OF SALAMIS 245
XII. THE RETURN TO PERSIA 284
ENGRAVINGS.
Page
ARTABANUS AND THE GHOST _Frontispiece._
MAP OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE xii
PHERON DEFYING THE NILE 48
MAP OF GREECE 101
XERXES CROSSING THE HELLESPONT 121
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Table of Contents added by the transcriber:
Introductory 7
War Memories 9
Appendix: How and Where I Was Captured 58
Addenda 59
List of Captured 60
ESCAPE
FROM THE
CONFEDERACY
OVERPOWERING THE GUARDS--MIDNIGHT LEAP FROM
A MOVING TRAIN--THROUGH SWAMPS
AND FOREST--BLOOD HOUNDS--
THRILLING EVENTS.
B. F. HASSON,
Late Lieut. Ringgold Battalion (22d. Pa. Vol. Cav.)
Entered according to Act of Congress.
_Sept 26, 1900_
_To the comrades of the Ringgold Cavalry and the relatives and
friends of the boys who suffered and died at Richmond and
Andersonville, this booklet is dedicated._
_"Across the years, full rounded to many score,
Since advancing peace, with her olive wand,
Returns the sunshine to our desolate land,
Come thronging back memories of the war.
Again the drum's beat and the cannon's roar,
And patriot fires by every breeze are fanned,
And pulses quicken with a purpose grand,
As manhood's forces swell to larger store.
Again the camp, the field, the march, the strife,
The joy of victory, the bitter pain
Of wounds or sore defeat; the anguish rife,
And tears that fall for the unnumbered slain,
And homes, where darkened is the light of life,
All these the echoing bugle brings again."_
_INTRODUCTORY._
I have been so often urged by old army comrades, as well as other
friends, to publish the facts contained in the following pages in a
convenient shape for preservation, that I have concluded to comply
with their wishes, and now present them in this form. Many of the less
important details have been omitted, as well with a view of preventing
the story from becoming tiresome as of getting it within the limits of
space it was intended it should occupy. While the experience was
attended with trials and suffering, I wish to assure the reader that
it was nothing more than was endured by hundreds of other boys who saw
service in the War of the Great Rebellion. I would not go through it
again for all the world, and yet I would not like to lose the
satisfaction I enjoy in the knowledge of my success in overcoming so
many seemingly insurmountable difficulties. It is a plain narration of
facts, and is written without any effort to overdraw or embellish. I
hand it over to the friends and comrades who have been urging me to
publish it, in the hope that it will help to fill up an idle moment.
B. F. HASSON.
[Illustration: F. C. ORMSBY WASH. D.C.]
War Memories
"Flank out Frank, and go with us to-morrow."
We were squatted on the sandy ground--vermin-ladened sand--inside the
prison stockade on Belle Island, discussing the probable destination
of the prisoners then being daily removed from that place. Joseph
Morton and Peter Deems of my own regiment and myself were of the party
and the above remark was made by Morton and addressed to me. It was
early in the month of March, 1864, and just after that famous raid to
the vicinity of Richmond by Gen. Kilpatrick and Col. Ulrich Dahlgren.
The daring troopers had even penetrated the defences of the city and
thoroughly alarmed the Rebel authorities. Immediately steps were taken
to remove the prisoners from Richmond to Andersonville, Ga., and other
remote points in the South out of the reach of rescue by Federal
raiders.
The prisoners on the Island were divided off into hundreds. The first
hundred was composed of those first put into the stockade; and then,
as new or fresh prisoners arrived the second and other hundreds were
added. One member of each hundred was chosen to see to the welfare of
the men in securing rations, etc. The hundreds were subdivided into
messes of twenty-five each, and a man was selected from among them
whose duty it was to cut up the loaves of corn-bread into twenty-five
equal sized pieces, and see that they were impartially issued to the
men. This was done by placing a man with his back to the pieces of
bread, and the sergeant pointing to one piece at a time and asking,
"Whose is this?" The answer would be, "That goes to No. 1," and so on
through the list of twenty-five. The men were called by number instead
of name. This was made necessary by reason of frequent changes on
account of deaths.
This rather full explanation is given here because it answers
questions often asked me. This stockade, or inclosure, within which
prisoners were confined, comprised several acres on the lower end of
the Island, around which piles were driven, close together, leaving
perhaps four to six feet projecting above ground. A little below the
top of these logs or piles a platform was erected, and on this
platform the guards marched and countermarched. It is not my intention
to enter into a description of the condition of the prison camps.
Their histories have been written and all are doubtless more or less
familiar with them.
At this time there were about 9500 (ninety-five hundreds) in the
stockade. Up to and including the sixteenth hundred had already been
taken away. Morton and Deems were in the eighteenth hundred, and I was
in the twenty-second hundred. It was expected that the next day more
would be taken, and fearful that my squad would not be reached I was
asked by Morton to "flank out" and go along. It was a violation of the
rules to go from one squad to another, but on account of the many
deaths occurring every night it could be managed in an emergency like
this.
Having been on the Island for six months I was glad to make a change
of residence. A change of any kind was desirable even if it was not an
improvement. To walk around the stockade another day, over the same
well-beaten path, looking into the same pale, haggard faces, listening
to the groans of the dying and witnessing the miserable condition of
the living, was no longer tolerable, so that, "rather than suffer the
ills we had we were willing to flee to others we knew not of."
I did flank out that night and the next morning quietly slipped into
the eighteenth hundred with Morton and Deems, and marched with them
out of the inclosure and over the bridge to the city of Richmond. We
were put into the building called "The Pemberton" and remained there
until the following morning, when we crowded into freight cars, forty
to sixty in a car, and started southward.
While crossing the bridge on our way from the Island to the city I was
marching by the side of a prisoner whom I had not met before. He was
yet in apparently vigorous condition--evidently not having been a
prisoner very long. He asked me in a suppressed tone if I intended to
try to escape in case we were taken further south. I replied that I
did, and we there and then entered into a contract to go together. He
was enthusiastic about the matter and gave me his hand as a pledge of
his sincerity.
Studying means of escape, and efforts to rid themselves of the
tormenting vermin, were the chief occupations of prisoners of war
while awake. In their fitful and uneasy slumbers they were dreaming
that they were at home sitting at the most abundantly supplied tables
and enjoying all the comforts which the word home implies.
Long continued exposure and lack of food had engendered diseases and
reduced the poor creatures to the most pitiable condition. Of course
some were worse off than others, but all looked miserable enough.
After passing through Petersburg we were satisfied that a longer term
of imprisonment awaited us, for, had it been the purpose to exchange
us, we should have stopped at Petersburg and from there been taken to
City Point. When the fact was made known there were loud murmurings.
The bronzed and starved faces were pictures of the most abject
wretchedness and despair. Reaching Gaston, North Carolina, we were
transferred to another train, taking the Gaston and Raleigh road from
that point.
Morton was very sick when we started from Richmond, and the jolting
received in the cars had tended to increase his trouble. I endeavored
to keep as close to him as possible on the way, so as to render him
all the assistance I could. When changing cars at Gaston he was quite
feeble, and required assistance to get from one train to the other.
"Do you intend to escape, Lieutenant?" was whispered in my ear as we
were getting off the train. On looking around I found Peter Deems at
my elbow.
"To-night," I as quietly replied.
"All right, I'm with you," said he. Those who will remember Mr. Deems,
(and doubtless many of his old friends in Pike Run township, and all
his surviving comrades in Co. F will) must be amused, as I was, at
such a proposition coming from him. Although he was considerably
reduced in flesh by his long confinement, he was yet large and clumsy,
and to jump from a running train would, to my mind, have resulted
disastrously. The whistle of the locomotive notified us that all was
ready, and it was not long until we were speeding southward. On
looking around for Deems I found he had in some way failed to get into
that car. I never saw him after. His name, together with poor
Morton's, appeared in a list of prisoners who answered the last great
roll call at Andersonville, Georgia. Night came on as we approached
Franklinton station, Franklin County, North Carolina. Here the train
stopped for some time for the purpose of taking on wood and water, and
while doing this the guards in the car were relieved. That is, those
stationed there during the day were taken away and other men put in
their places. I kept careful watch of everything going on and all the
while keeping in view my purpose to get out of that car at the very
earliest opportunity. While placing the guards the officer in charge
renewed the instructions for the night. They were emphatically ordered
not to allow a prisoner to get near the door. As is well known, the
doors on a freight car slide along the side of the car. The door on
one side of our car was securely fastened, while the one on the other
side was partly open--perhaps two feet--not more than enough for a man
going out in a hurry to clear the sides. There were two guards in the
car, one on each side of this partly open door. Armed Confederate
soldiers were scattered all along the train--some on top of the cars.
The rear car, an ordinary passenger coach, was occupied exclusively by
them. They were held in readiness to answer a call from any part of
the train in case of trouble. A lantern was hung up to the ceiling
near the middle of the car.
It was a little after dark when the bell announced the time for
starting. About the time the train was pulling out I asked the man who
had agreed with me when we were crossing the bridge to make an effort
to escape, what he thought about it. I found he had changed his mind.
The boisterous and violent manner in which the officer had instructed
the guard to shoot any man who came near the door, the sound of guns
fired off for the purpose, no doubt, of overawing the prisoners, and
the general gloom which night and darkness threw around the scene, had
a depressing effect upon him. He said we would surely be killed. This
was sufficient to convince me that he could not be relied upon and I
bade him good-night and went in search of others who might be induced
to consider the matter favorably.
Two stalwart men with guns in their hands, stood between us and
liberty, and a sufficient force to render their defeat absolutely
certain must be brought to bear. A failure to overpower them at the
first attack would be sure to lead to the instant death of those
engaged, if not others. The car was unspeakably filthy, and
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THE FIRST VIOLIN
_A NOVEL._
BY JESSIE FOTHERGILL,
_Author of "A March in the Ranks," Etc._
* * * * *
NEW YORK
THE FEDERAL BOOK COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
THE FIRST VIOLIN.
CHAPTER I.
MISS HALLAM.
"Wonderful weather for April!" Yes, it certainty was wonderful. I fully
agreed with the sentiment expressed at different periods of the day by
different members of my family; but I did not follow their example and
seek enjoyment out-of-doors--pleasure in that balmy spring air.
Trouble--the first trouble of my life--had laid her hand heavily upon
me. The world felt disjointed and all upside-down; I very helpless and
lonely in it. I had two sisters, I had a father and a mother; but none
the less was I unable to share my grief with any one of them; nay, it
had been an absolute relief to me when first one and then another of
them had left the house, on business or pleasure intent, and I, after
watching my father go down the garden-walk, and seeing the gate close
after him, knew that, save for Jane, our domestic, who was caroling
lustily to herself in the kitchen regions, I was alone in the house.
I was in the drawing-room. Once secure of solitude, I put down the
sewing with which I had been pretending to employ myself, and went to
the window--a pleasant, sunny bay. In that window stood a small
work-table, with a flower-pot upon it containing a lilac primula. I
remember it distinctly to this day, and I am likely to carry the
recollection with me so long as I live. I leaned my elbows upon this
table, and gazed across the fields, green with spring grass, tenderly
lighted by an April sun, to where the river--the Skern--shone with a
pleasant, homely, silvery glitter, twining through the smiling meadows
till he bent round the solemn overhanging cliff crowned with mournful
firs, which went by the name of the Rifted or Riven Scaur.
In some such delightful mead might the white-armed Nausicaa have
tossed her cowslip balls among the other maids; perhaps by some such
river might Persephone have paused to gather the daffodil--"the fateful
flower beside the rill." Light clouds flitted across the sky, a waft of
wind danced in at the open window, ruffling my hair mockingly, and
bearing with it the deep sound of a church clock striking four.
As if the striking of the hour had been a signal for the breaking of a
spell, the silence that had prevailed came to an end. Wheels came
rolling along the road up to the door, which, however, was at the other
side of the house. "A visitor for my father, no doubt," I thought
indifferently; "and he has gone out to read the funeral service for a
dead parishioner. How strange! I wonder how clergymen and doctors can
ever get accustomed to the grim contrasts amid which they live!"
I suffered my thoughts to wander off in some such track as this, but
they were all through dominated by a heavy sense of oppression--the
threatening hand of a calamity which I feared was about to overtake me,
and I had again forgotten the outside world.
The door was opened. Jane held it open and said nothing (a trifling
habit of hers, which used to cause me much annoyance), and a tall woman
walked slowly into the room. I rose and looked earnestly at her,
surprised and somewhat nervous when I saw who she was--Miss Hallam, of
Hallam Grange, our near neighbor, but a great stranger to us,
nevertheless, so far, that is, as personal intercourse went.
"Your servant told me that every one was out except Miss May," she
remarked, in a harsh, decided voice, as she looked not so much at me as
toward me, and I perceived that there was something strange about her
eyes.
"Yes; I am sorry," I began, doubtfully.
She had sallow, strongly marked, but proud and aristocratic features,
and a manner with more than a tinge of imperiousness. Her face, her
figure, her voice were familiar, yet strange to me--familiar because I
had heard of her, and been in the habit of occasionally seeing her from
my very earliest childhood; strange, because she was reserved and not
given to seeing her neighbors' houses for purposes either of gossip or
hospitality. I was aware that about once in two years she made a call at
our house, the vicarage, whether as a mark of politeness to us, or
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BROMIDE PRINTING AND ENLARGING
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE MAKING OF BROMIDE PRINTS BY CONTACT AND BROMIDE
ENLARGING BY DAYLIGHT AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, WITH THE TONING OF BROMIDE
PRINTS AND ENLARGEMENTS
TENNANT AND WARD
NEW YORK
Copyright 1912 by
TENNANT AND WARD, NEW YORK
CONTENTS
Chapter I
VARIETIES OF BROMIDE PAPERS AND HOW TO CHOOSE AMONG THEM
Chapter II
THE QUESTION OF LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION
Chapter III
MAKING CONTACT PRINTS ON BROMIDE PAPER; PAPER NEGATIVES
Chapter IV
ENLARGING BY DAYLIGHT METHODS
Chapter V
ENLARGING BY ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Chapter VI
DODGING, VIGNETTING, COMPOSITE PRINTING AND THE USE OF BOLTING SILK
Chapter VII
THE REDUCTION AND TONING OF BROMIDE PRINTS AND ENLARGEMENTS
CHAPTER I
VARIETIES OF BROMIDE PAPERS AND HOW TO CHOOSE AMONG THEM
What is bromide paper? It is simply paper coated with gelatino-bromide of
silver emulsion, similar to that which, when coated on glass or other
transparent support, forms the familiar dry-plate or film used in
negative-making. The emulsion used in making bromide paper, however, is
less rapid (less sensitive) than that used in the manufacture of plates or
films of ordinary rapidity; hence bromide paper may be manipulated with
more
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(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the numerous original illustrations.
See 46186-h.htm or 46186-h.zip:
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46186/46186-h/46186-h.htm)
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(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46186/46186-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
https://archive.org/details/cu31924027829666
Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
[Illustration: _Germany's Youngest Reserve._]
GERMANY IN WAR TIME
What an American Girl Saw and Heard
by
MARY ETHEL McAULEY
Chicago
The Open Court Publishing Company
1917
Copyright by
The Open Court Publishing Company
1917
DEDICATION
TO MY MOTHER
WHO SHARED THE TRIALS OF
TWO YEARS IN GERMANY
WITH ME
PREFATORY NOTE.
This book is the product of two years spent in Germany during the great
war. It portrays what has been seen and heard by an American girl whose
primary interest was in art. She has tried to write without fear or
favor the simple truth as it appeared to her.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Getting into Germany in War Time 1
Soldiers of Berlin 7
The Women Workers of Berlin 20
German "Sparsamkeit" 35
The Food in Germany 49
What We Ate in Germany 62
How Berlin is Amusing Itself in War Time 69
The Clothes Ticket 81
My Typewriter 88
Moving in Berlin 93
What the Germans Read in War Time 98
Precautions Against Spies, etc. 108
Prisoners in Germany 115
Verboten 128
The Mail in Germany 132
The "Auslaenderei" 140
War Charities 146
What Germany is Doing for Her Human War Wrecks 159
Will the Women of Germany Serve a Year in the Army? 173
The Kaiserin and the Hohenzollern Princesses 184
A Stroll Through Berlin 196
A Trip Down the Harbor of Hamburg 207
The Krupp Works at Essen 218
Munich in War Time 228
From Berlin to Vienna in War Time 242
Vienna in War Time 256
Soldiers of Vienna 267
Women Warriors 279
How Americans Were Treated in Germany 286
I Leave Germany July 1, 1917 292
GETTING INTO GERMANY IN WAR TIME.
Now that America and Germany are at war, it is not possible for an
American to enter the German Empire. Americans can leave the country if
they wish, but once they are out they cannot go back in again.
Since the first year of the war there has been only one way of getting
into Germany through Denmark, and that is by way of Warnemuende. After
leaving Copenhagen you ride a long way on the train, and then the train
boards a ferry which takes you to a little island. At the end of this
island is the Danish frontier, where you are thoroughly searched to see
how much food you are trying to take into Germany. After this frontier
is passed you ride for a few hours on a boat which carries you right
up to Warnemuende, the German landing-place and the military customs of
Germany.
When I went to Germany in October, 1915, the regulations were not
very strict, travelers had only to show that they had a good reason
for going into the country, and they were searched--that was all. But
during the two years I was in Germany all this was changed. Now it
is very hard for even a neutral to enter Germany. Neutrals must first
have a vise from the German consul in Denmark. It takes four days to
get this vise, and you must have your picture taken in six different
poses. Also, you must have a legitimate reason for wanting to go into
the country, and if there is anything the least suspicious about you,
you are not granted a permit to enter.
Travelers entering Germany bring as much food with them as they can.
You are allowed to bring a moderate amount of tea, coffee, soap, canned
m
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Transcriber's Note:
1. Page scan source:
http://www.archive.org/details/storyageniusfro00lockgoog
2. The diphthong oe is represented by [oe].
3. There are three stories included in this volume:
(a) The Story of a Genius
(b) The Nobl' Zwilk
(c) What Happened to Holy Saint Pancras of Evolo
THE
STORY OF A GENIUS
FROM THE GERMAN OF
OSSIP SCHUBIN
ENGLISHED BY
E. H. LOCKWOOD
R. F. FENNO & COMPANY: 9 and 11 E.
SIXTEENTH STREET :: NEW YORK
1898
Copyright, 1898
BY
R. F. FENNO & COMPANY
_The Story of a Genius_
The Story of a Genius
I
Monsieur Alphonse de Sterny will come to Brussels in November and
conduct his Oratoria of "Satan."
This short notice in the _Independence Belge_ created a general
sensation. The musicians shrugged, bit their lips, and sneered about
the public's injustice toward home talent. The "great world,"--between
ourselves the most unmusical "world" in the universe,--very nearly
stepped out of its aristocratic apathy. This is something which seldom
happens to it in artistic matters, but now, for a whole week it talked
nothing but de Sterny: of his octave playing a little, and of his love
affairs a great deal. In autumn Brussels has so little to talk about!
Alphonse de Sterny had been in his day a great virtuoso and a social
lion. Reigning belles had contended for his favor; George Sand was said
to have written a book about him, nobody knew exactly which one; the
fair Princess G---- was supposed to have taken poison on his account.
But five years before the appearance of this notice in the
_Independence Belge_, de Sterny had suddenly withdrawn from the world.
During that time he had not given any concerts, nor had he produced any
new piano pieces, in his well-known style, paraphrases and fantasies on
favorite airs.
Now, for the first in that long interval his name emerged, and in
connection with an Oratorio!
De Sterny and an Oratorio!
The world found that a little odd. The artists thought it a great joke.
II
It is November fifth, the day on which the first rehearsal of "Satan"
is to be held, under the composer's own direction.
In the concert hall of the "Grand Harmonic" the performers are already
assembled. In honor of the distinguished guest half a dozen more gas
jets are burning than is usual at rehearsals, yet the large hall with
its dark auditorium and the dim flickering light on its stage, has a
desolate, ghostly air. A smell of gas, dust and moist cloth pervades
the atmosphere.
A grey rime of congealed mist clings to and trickles down the clothes
of the latest arrivals. One sees within the hall how bad the weather
must be without. The lusty male chorus, with their pear-shaped Flemish
faces, their picturesquely soiled linen, and their luxuriant growth of
hair, knock off the clay from their boots and turn down the legs of
their trousers. The disheveled female chorus, on whose shoulders the
locks are hanging out of curl, complain of indisposition, and exchange
cough lozenges. The members of the orchestra work away sulkily on their
instruments. Across the dissonance of the thrilling fiddles darts the
sharp sound of a string that breaks.
Two dilettanti have slipped in by favor. One is a young piano teacher
of German extraction, who raves about the music of the future. The
other is an amateur, well known in Brussels by the nickname of "l'ami
de Rossini."
The instruments are tuned; here and there a violin practices a scale.
The gas jets chirp faintly. The male chorus stamp their feet to keep
warm, and rub their red knuckles together. De Sterny is letting himself
be waited for.
The friend of Rossini makes up to the lady soloists.
"Madame," he says to the Alto, whose engagement at the "Monnaie" he had
helped to bring about, "Madame, I pity you. De Sterny is an exponent of
this new music of the future. His compositions are among the most
ungrateful tasks ever set the human throat. One only needs to sing them
to expiate by penance all one's musical pleasures."
"You are too severe, monsieur," said the Alto. "No one can wonder at
the 'friend of Rossini' for hating the music of the future, and I grant
that some numbers of this Oratorio are quite astonishingly dull. But
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from the Google Print project.)
APPARITIONS;
OR,
THE MYSTERY OF
Ghosts, Hobgoblins,
AND
HAUNTED HOUSES,
_DEVELOPED_.
***
"Animum rege."
"This Collection of Stories is well chosen, and affords a
fund of amusement that is cheap at the price of five
shillings. By putting such a book as this into the hands of
children, parents will more effectually guard their minds
against weak credulity, than by grave philosophic
admonition." _Monthly Review, October 1814._
Printed by Macdonald and Son, Cloth Fair, Smithfield
[Illustration:
H Corbould _delint_ C Knight _sculpt_ 1814
_The Haunted Beach._]
APPARITIONS;
OR, THE MYSTERY OF
Ghosts,
_Hobgoblins_, _and Haunted Houses_,
DEVELOPED.
BEING A COLLECTION OF
ENTERTAINING STORIES,
_FOUNDED ON FACT_,
And selected for the purpose of
ERADICATING THOSE FEARS, WHICH THE IGNORANT, THE WEAK,
AND THE SUPERSTITIOUS, ARE BUT TOO APT TO ENCOURAGE,
FOR WANT OF PROPERLY EXAMINING INTO THE CAUSES
OF SUCH ABSURD IMPOSITIONS.
***
BY JOSEPH TAYLOR.
[Illustration]
_SECOND EDITION, ENLARGED._
***
London:
PRINTED FOR LACKINGTON, ALLEN, AND CO.
FINSBURY SQUARE.
***
1815.
INTRODUCTION.
The subsequent little Work owes its rise and progress to very trifling
circumstances.
In the early part of my life, having read many books in favour of Ghosts
and Spectral Appearances, the recollection remained so strong in my
mind, that, for _years_ after, the dread of phantoms bore irresistible
sway. This dread continued till about my twenty-third year, when the
following simple affair fully convinced me, how necessary it was
_thoroughly_ to investigate _every thing_ that tended to supernatural
agency, lest idle fear should gain a total ascendancy over my mind.
About this period, I had apartments in a large old-fashioned country
mansion. From my bed-chamber was a secret door leading to a private
staircase, which communicated with some of the lower rooms. This door
was fastened both within and without; consequently all fear of intrusion
from that quarter was entirely removed. However, at times, I could not
help ruminating on the malpractices that _might_ have been committed by
evil-disposed persons, through this communication; and "busy meddling
fancy" was fertile in conjuring up imaginary horrors. Every thing,
however, was quiet, and agreeable to my wishes, for some months after my
arrival. One moonlight night, in the month of June, I retired to my bed,
full of thought, but slept soundly till about one o'clock; when I awoke,
and discovered, by the help of the moon which shone full in my room, a
tall figure in white, with arms extended, at the foot of my bed. Fear
and astonishment overpowered me for a few seconds; I gazed on it with
terror, and was afraid to move. At length I had courage to take a
_second_ peep at this disturber of my rest, and still continued much
alarmed, and irresolute how to act. I hesitated whether to speak to the
figure, or arouse the family. The first idea I considered as a dangerous
act of heroism; the latter, as a risk of being laughed at, should the
subject of my story not prove supernatural. Therefore, after taking a
_third_ view of the phantom, I mustered up all my resolution, jumped out
of bed, and boldly went up to the figure, grasped it round and round,
and found it incorporeal. I then looked at it again, and felt it again;
when, reader, judge of my astonishment--this ghostly spectre proved to
be nothing more than a large new flannel dressing-gown which had been
sent home to me in the course of the day, and which had been hung on
some pegs against the wainscot at the foot of my bed. One arm
accidentally crossed two or three of the adjoining pegs, and the other
was nearly parallel by coming in contact with some article of furniture
which stood near. Now the mystery was developed: this dreadful
hobgoblin, which a few minutes before I began to think was an aerial
being, or sprite, and which must have gained admission either through
the key-hole, or under the door, turned out to be my own garment. I
smiled at my groundless fears, was pleased with any resolution, returned
light-hearted to my bed, and moralized nearly the whole of the night on
the simplicity of a great part of mankind in being so credulous as to
believe every idle tale, or conceive every noise to be a spectre,
without first duly examining into causes.
This very trifling accident was of great service to me as I travelled
onward through life. Similar circumstances transpired. Screams, and
shades, I encountered; which always, upon due investigation, ended in
"trifles light as air."
Nor did the good end here. My story circulated, and put other young men
upon the alert, to guard against similar delusions. They likewise
imparted to me their ghostly encounters, and those I thought deserving
of record I always committed to writing; and, as many of them are well
authenticated facts, and both instructive and amusing, they form a part
of the volume now presented to the Public
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BARRACKS
BIVOUACS AND BATTLES
BARRACKS
BIVOUACS AND BATTLES
BY
ARCHIBALD FORBES, LL.D.
London
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1891
_All rights reserved_
All the pieces in this little volume are reprints. I have to express my
obligations to the proprietors and editors of the periodicals to which
they were originally contributed, for the permission to reproduce them.
A. F.
CONTENTS
PAGE
HOW “THE CRAYTURE” GOT ON THE STRENGTH 1
THE FATE OF “NANA SAHIB’S ENGLISHMAN” 31
THE OLD SERGEANT 56
THE GENTLEMAN PRIVATE OF THE “SKILAMALINKS” 72
JELLYPOD; ALIAS THE MULETEER 89
THE DOUBLE COUP DE GRÂCE 112
BILL BERESFORD AND HIS VICTORIA CROSS 129
LA BELLE HÉLÈNE OF ALEXINATZ 151
AN OUTPOST ADVENTURE 175
THE DIVINE FIGURE FROM THE NORTH 190
A YARN OF THE “PRESIDENT” FRIGATE 206
FIRE-DISCIPLINE 218
A CHRISTMAS DINNER DE PROFUNDIS 242
ABSIT OMEN! 251
A FORGOTTEN REBELLION 291
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THE DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS M.A. F.R.S.
CLERK OF THE ACTS AND SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
TRANSCRIBED FROM THE SHORTHAND MANUSCRIPT IN THE PEPYSIAN LIBRARY
MAGDALENE COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE BY THE REV. MYNORS BRIGHT M.A. LATE FELLOW
AND PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE
(Unabridged)
WITH LORD BRAYBROOKE'S NOTES
EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY
HENRY B. WHEATLEY F.S.A.
DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS.
AUGUST & SEPTEMBER
1660
August 1st. Up very early, and by water to Whitehall to my Lord's, and
there up to my Lord's lodging (Win. Howe being now ill of the gout at Mr.
Pierce's), and there talked with him about the affairs of the Navy, and
how I was now to wait today at the Privy Seal. Commissioner Pett went
with me, whom I desired to make my excuse at the office for my absence
this day. Hence to the Privy Seal Office, where I got (by Mr. Mathews'
means) possession of the books and table, but with some expectation of
Baron's bringing of a warrant from the King to have this month. Nothing
done this morning, Baron having spoke to Mr. Woodson and Groome (clerks to
Mr. Trumbull of the Signet) to keep all work in their hands till the
afternoon, at which time he expected to have his warrant from the King for
this month.--[The clerks of the Privy Seal took the duty of attendance for
a month by turns.]--I took at noon Mr. Harper to the Leg in King Street,
and did give him his dinner, who did still advise me much to act wholly
myself at the Privy Seal, but I told him that I could not, because I had
other business to take up my time. In the afternoon at, the office again,
where we had many things to sign; and I went to the Council Chamber, and
there got my Lord to sign the first bill, and the rest all myself; but
received no money today. After I had signed all, I went with Dick Scobell
and Luellin to drink at a bottle beer house in the Strand, and after
staying there a while (had sent W. Hewer home before), I took boat and
homewards went, and in Fish Street bought a Lobster, and as I had bought
it I met with Winter and Mr. Delabarr, and there with a piece of sturgeon
of theirs we went to the Sun Tavern in the street and ate them. Late home
and to bed.
2d. To Westminster by water with Sir W. Batten and Sir W. Pen (our
servants in another boat) to the Admiralty; and from thence I went to my
Lord's to fetch him thither, where we stayed in the morning about ordering
of money for the victuailers, and advising how to get a sum of money to
carry on the business of the Navy. From thence dined with Mr. Blackburne
at his house with his friends (his wife being in the country and just upon
her return to London), where we were very well treated and merry. From
thence W. Hewer and I to the office of Privy Seal, where I stayed all the
afternoon, and received about L40 for yesterday and to-day, at which my
heart rejoiced for God's blessing to me, to give me this advantage by
chance, there being of this L40 about L10 due to me for this day's work.
So great is the present profit of this office, above what it was in the
King's time; there being the last month about 300 bills; whereas in the
late King's time it was much to have 40. With my money home by coach, it,
being the first time that I could get home before our gates were shut
since I came to the Navy office. When I came home I found my wife not
very well of her old pain.. . . which she had when we were married
first. I went and cast up the expense that I laid out upon my former
house (because there are so many that are desirous of it, and I am, in my
mind, loth to let it
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Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents
was added by the Transcriber.
WOMAN
in all ages and in all countries
WOMEN OF MODERN FRANCE
by
HUGO P. THIEME, Ph.D.
Of the University of Michigan
THE RITTENHOUSE PRESS PHILADELPHIA
Copyrighted at Washington and entered at Stationer's Hall, London,
1907--1908
and printed by arrangement with George Barrie's Sons.
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
Chapter I. Woman in politics
Chapter II. Woman in Family Life, Education, and Letters
Chapter III. The Seventeenth Century: Woman at Her Best
Chapter IV. Woman in Society and Literature
Chapter V. Mistresses and Wives of Louis XIV
Chapter VI. Mme. de Sevigne, Mme. de La Fayette, Mme. Dacier,
Mme. de Caylus
Chapter VII. Woman in Religion
Chapter VIII. Salon Leaders Mme. de Tencin, Mme. Geoffrin, Mme.
du Deffand, Mlle. de Lespinasse, Mme. du Chatelet
Chapter IX. Salon Leaders--(Continued): Mme. Necker, Mme.
d'Epinay, Mme. de Genlis: Minor Salons
Chapter X. Social Classes
Chapter XI. Royal Mistresses
Chapter XII. Marie Antoinette and the Revolution
Chapter XIII. Women of the Revolution and the Empire
Chapter XIV. Women of the Nineteenth Century
PREFACE
Among the Latin races, the French race differs essentially in one
characteristic which has been the key to the success of French
women--namely, the social instinct. The whole French nation has always
lived for the present time, in actuality, deriving from life more of
what may be called social pleasure than any other nation. It has been
a universal characteristic among French people since the sixteenth
century to love to please, to make themselves agreeable, to bring joy
and happiness to others, and to be loved and admired as well. With
this instinctive trait French women have always been bountifully
endowed. Highly emotional, they love to charm, and this has become
an art with them; balancing this emotional nature is the mathematical
quality. These two combined have made French women the great leaders
in their own country and among women of all races. They have developed
the art of studying themselves; and the art of coquetry, which
has become a virtue, is a science with them. The singular power of
discrimination, constructive ability, calculation, subtle intriguing,
a clear and concise manner of expression, a power of conversation
unequalled in women of any other country, clear thinking: all these
qualities have been strikingly illustrated in the various great women
of the different periods of the history of France, and according to
these they may by right be judged; for their moral qualities have not
always been in accordance with the standard of other races.
According as these two fundamental qualities, the emotional and
mathematical, have been developed in individual women, we meet the
different types which have made themselves prominent in history. The
queens of France, in general, have been submissive and pious, dutiful
and virtuous wives, while the mistresses have been bold and frivolous,
licentious and self-assertive. The women outside of these spheres
either looked on with indifference or regret at the all-powerfulness
of this latter class, unable to change conditions, or themselves
enjoyed the privilege of the mistress.
It must be remembered that in the great social circles in France,
especially from the sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth centuries,
marriage was a mere convention, offences against it being looked upon
as matters concerning manners, not morals; therefore, much of the
so-called gross immorality of French women may be condoned. It will
be seen in this history that French women have acted banefully on
politics, causing mischief, inciting jealousy and revenge, almost
invariably an instrument in the hands of man, acting as a disturbing
element. In art, literature, religion, and business, however, they
have ever been a directing force, a guide, a critic and judge, an
inspiration and companion to man.
The wholesome results of French women's activity are reflected
especially in art and literature, and to a lesser degree in religion
and morality, by the tone of elegance, politeness, _finesse_,
clearness, precision, purity, and a general high standard which man
followed if he was to succeed. In politics much severe blame and
reproach have been heaped upon her--she is made responsible for
breaking treaties, for activity in all intrigues, participating in
and inciting to civil and foreign wars, encouraging and sanctioning
assassinations and massacres, championing the Machiavelian policy and
practising it at every opportunity.
It has been the aim of this history of
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THE BLACK ROBE
by Wilkie Collins
BEFORE THE STORY.
FIRST SCENE.--BOULOGNE-SUR-MER.--THE DUEL.
I.
THE doctors could do no more for the Dowager Lady Berrick.
When the medical advisers of a lady who has reached seventy years of age
recommend the mild climate of the South of France, they mean in plain
language that they have arrived at the end of their resources. Her
ladyship gave the mild climate a fair trial, and then decided (as
she herself expressed it) to "die at home." Traveling slowly, she had
reached Paris at the date when I last heard of her. It was then the
beginning of November. A week later, I met with her nephew, Lewis
Romayne, at the club.
"What brings you to London at this time of year?" I asked.
"The fatality that pursues me," he answered grimly. "I am one of the
unluckiest men living."
He was thirty years old; he was not married; he was the enviable
possessor of the fine old country seat, called Vange Abbey; he had no
poor relations; and he was one of the handsomest men in England. When I
add that I am, myself, a retired army officer, with a wretched income, a
disagreeable wife, four ugly children, and a burden of fifty years on
my back, no one will be surprised to hear that I answered Romayne, with
bitter sincerity, in these words:
"I wish to heaven I could change places with you!"
"I wish to heaven you could!" he burst out, with equal sincerity on his
side. "Read that."
He handed me a letter addressed to him by the traveling medical
attendant of Lady Berrick. After resting in Paris, the patient had
continued her homeward journey as far as Boulogne. In her suffering
condition, she was liable to sudden fits of caprice. An insurmountable
horror of the Channel passage had got possession of her; she positively
refused to be taken on board the steamboat. In this difficulty, the lady
who held the post of her "companion" had ventured on a suggestion. Would
Lady Berrick consent to make the Channel passage if her nephew came to
Boulogne expressly to accompany her on the voyage? The reply had been
so immediately favorable, that the doctor lost no time in communicating
with Mr. Lewis Romayne. This was the substance of the letter.
It was needless to ask any more questions--Romayne was plainly on his
way to Boulogne. I gave him some useful information. "Try the oysters,"
I said, "at the restaurant on the pier."
He never even thanked me. He was thinking entirely of himself.
"Just look at my position," he said. "I detest Boulogne; I cordially
share my aunt's horror of the Channel passage; I had looked forward to
some months of happy retirement in the country among my books--and what
happens to me? I am brought to London in this season of fogs, to travel
by the tidal train at seven to-morrow morning--and all for a woman with
whom I have no sympathies in common. If I am not an unlucky man--who
is?"
He spoke in a tone of vehement irritation which seemed to me, under the
circumstances, to be simply absurd. But _my_ nervous system is not the
irritable system--sorely tried by night study and strong tea--of my
friend Romayne. "It's only a matter of two days," I remarked, by way of
reconciling him to his situation.
"How do I know that?" he retorted. "In two days the weather may be
stormy. In two days she may be too ill to be moved. Unfortunately, I am
her heir; and I am told I must submit to any whim that seizes her. I'm
rich enough already; I don't want her money. Besides, I dislike all
traveling--and especially traveling alone. You are an idle man. If you
were a good friend, you would offer to go with me." He added, with the
delicacy which was one of the redeeming points in his wayward character.
"Of course as my guest."
I had known him long enough not to take offense at his reminding me,
in this considerate way, that I was a poor man. The proposed change
of scene tempted me. What did I care for the Channel passage? Besides,
there was the irresistible attraction of getting away from home. The end
of it was that I accepted Romayne's invitation.
II.
SHORTLY after noon, on the next day, we were established at
Boulogne--near Lady Berrick, but not at her hotel. "If we live in the
same house," Romayne reminded me, "we shall be bored by the companion
and the doctor. Meetings on the stairs, you know, and exchanging bows
and small talk." He hated those trivial conventionalities of society,
in which, other people delight. When somebody once asked him in what
company he felt most at ease? he made a shocking answer--he said, "In
the company of dogs."
I waited for him on the pier while he went to see her ladyship. He
joined me again with his bitterest smile. "What did I tell you? She
is not well enough to see me to-day. The doctor looks grave, and the
companion puts her handkerchief to her eyes. We may be kept in this
place for weeks to come."
The afternoon proved to be rainy. Our early dinner was a bad one. This
last circumstance tried his temper sorely. He was no gourmand; the
question of cookery was (with him) purely a matter of digestion. Those
late hours of study, and that abuse of tea to which I have already
alluded, had sadly injured his stomach. The doctors warned him of
serious consequences to his nervous system, unless he altered his
habits. He had little faith in medical science, and he greatly overrated
the restorative capacity of his constitution. So far as I know, he had
always neglected the doctors' advice.
The weather cleared toward evening, and we went out for a walk. We
passed a church--a Roman Catholic church, of course--the doors of which
were still open. Some poor women were kneeling at their prayers in the
dim light. "Wait a minute," said Romayne. "I am in a vile temper. Let me
try to put myself into a better frame of mind."
I followed him into the church. He knelt down in a dark corner by
himself. I confess I was surprised. He had been baptized in the Church
of England; but, so far as outward practice was concerned, he belonged
to no religious community. I had often heard him speak with sincere
reverence and admiration of the spirit of Christianity--but he never,
to my knowledge, attended any place of public worship. When we met
again outside the church, I asked if he had been converted to the Roman
Catholic faith.
"No," he said. "I hate the inveterate striving of that priesthood
after social influence and political power as cordially as the fiercest
Protestant living. But let us not forget that the Church of Rome has
great merits to set against great faults. Its system is administered
with an admirable knowledge of the higher needs of human nature. Take
as one example what you have just seen. The solemn tranquillity of that
church, the poor people praying near me, the few words of prayer by
which I silently united myself to my fellow-creatures, have calmed
me and done me good. In _our_ country I should have found the church
closed, out of service hours." He took my arm and abruptly changed the
subject. "How will you occupy yourself," he asked, "if my aunt receives
me to-morrow?"
I assured him that I should easily find ways and means of getting
through the time. The next morning a message came from Lady Berrick,
to say that she would see her nephew after breakfast. Left by myself,
I walked toward the pier, and met with a man who asked me to hire his
boat. He had lines and bait, at my service. Most unfortunately, as the
event proved, I decided on occupying an hour or two by sea fishing.
The wind shifted while we were out, and before we could get back to
the harbor, the tide had turned against us. It was six o'clock when I
arrived at the hotel. A little open carriage was waiting at the door.
I found Romayne impatiently expecting me, and no signs of dinner on the
table. He informed me that he had accepted an invitation, in which I was
included, and promised to explain everything in the carriage.
Our driver took the road that led toward the High Town. I subordinated
my curiosity to my sense of politeness, and asked for news of his aunt's
health.
"She is seriously ill, poor soul," he said. "I am sorry I spoke so
petulantly and so unfairly when we met at the club. The near prospect
of death has developed qualities in her nature which I ought to have
seen before this. No matter how it may be delayed, I will patiently wait
her time for the crossing to England."
So long as he believed himself to be in the right, he was, as to his
actions and opinions, one of the most obstinate men I ever met with.
But once let him be convinced that he was wrong, and he rushed into the
other extreme--became needlessly distrustful of himself, and needlessly
eager in seizing his opportunity of making atonement. In this latter
mood he was capable (with the best intentions) of committing acts of
the most childish imprudence. With some misgivings, I asked how he had
amused himself in my absence.
"I waited for you," he said, "till I lost all patience, and went out
for a walk. First, I thought of going to the beach, but the smell of the
harbor drove me back into the town; and there, oddly enough, I met with
a man, a certain Captain Peterkin, who had been a friend of mine at
college."
"A visitor to Boulogne?" I inquired.
"Not exactly."
"A resident?"
"Yes. The fact is, I lost sight of Peterkin when I left Oxford--and
since that time he seems to have drifted into difficulties. We had
a long talk. He is living here, he tells me, until his affairs are
settled."
I needed no further enlightenment--Captain Peterkin stood as plainly
revealed to me as if I had known him for years. "Isn't it a little
imprudent," I said, "to renew your acquaintance with a man of that sort?
Couldn't you have passed him, with a bow?"
Romayne smiled uneasily. "I daresay you're right," he answered. "But,
remember, I had left my aunt, feeling ashamed of the unjust way in
which I had thought and spoken of her. How did I know that I mightn't
be wronging an old friend next, if I kept Peterkin at a distance? His
present position may be as much his misfortune, poor fellow, as his
fault. I was half inclined to pass him, as you say--but I distrusted
my own judgment. He held out his hand, and he was so glad to see me. It
can't be helped now. I shall be anxious to hear your opinion of him."
"Are we going to dine with Captain Peterkin?"
"Yes. I happened to mention that wretched dinner yesterday at our hotel.
He said, 'Come to my boarding-house. Out of Paris, there isn't such a
table d'hote in France.' I tried to get off it--not caring, as you know,
to go among strangers--I said I had a friend with me. He invited you
most cordially to accompany me. More excuses on my part only led to a
painful result. I hurt Peterkin's feelings. 'I'm down in the world,'
he said, 'and I'm not fit company for you and your friends. I beg your
pardon for taking the liberty of inviting you!' He turned away with the
tears in his eyes. What could I do?"
I thought to myself, "You could have lent him five pounds, and got rid
of his invitation without the slightest difficulty." If I had returned
in reasonable time to go out with Romayne, we might not have met the
captain--or, if we had met him, my presence would have prevented the
confidential talk and the invitation that followed. I felt I was to
blame--and yet, how could I help it? It was useless to remonstrate: the
mischief was done.
We left the Old Town on our right hand, and drove on, past a little
colony of suburban villas, to a house standing by itself, surrounded by
a stone wall. As we crossed the front garden on our way to the door,
I noticed against the side of the house two kennels, inhabited by two
large watch-dogs. Was the proprietor afraid of thieves?
III.
THE moment we were introduced to the drawing-room, my suspicions of the
company we were likely to meet with were fully confirmed.
"Cards, billiards, and betting"--there was the inscription legibly
written on the manner and appearance of Captain Peterkin. The
bright-eyed yellow old lady who kept the boarding-house would have been
worth five thousand pounds in jewelry alone, if the ornaments which
profusely covered her had been genuine precious stones. The younger
ladies present had their cheeks as highly rouged and their eyelids
as elaborately penciled in black as if they were going on the stage,
instead of going to dinner. We found these fair creatures drinking
Madeira as a whet to their appetites. Among the men, there were two who
struck me as the most finished and complete blackguards whom I had ever
met with in all my experience, at home and abroad. One, with a brown
face and a broken nose, was presented to us by the title of "Commander,"
and was described as a person of great wealth and distinction in
Peru, traveling for amusement. The other wore a military uniform and
decorations, and was spoken of as "the General." A bold bullying manner,
a fat sodden face, little leering eyes, and greasy-looking hands, made
this man so repellent to me that I privately longed to kick him. Romayne
had evidently been announced, before our arrival, as a landed gentleman
with a large income. Men and women vied in servile attentions to him.
When we went into the dining-room, the fascinating creature who sat next
to him held her fan before her face, and so made a private interview of
it between the rich Englishman and herself. With regard to the dinner,
I shall only report that it justified Captain Peterkin's boast, in some
degree at least. The wine was good, and the conversation became gay to
the verge of indelicacy. Usually the most temperate of men, Romayne
was tempted by his neighbors into drinking freely. I was unfortunately
seated at the opposite extremity of the table, and I had no opportunity
of warning him.
The dinner reached its conclusion, and we all returned together, on
the foreign plan, to coffee and cigars in the drawing-room. The women
smoked, and drank liqueurs as well as coffee, with the men. One of them
went to the piano, and a little impromptu ball followed, the ladies
dancing with their cigarettes in their mouths. Keeping my eyes and
ears on the alert, I saw an innocent-looking table, with a surface of
rosewood, suddenly develop a substance of green cloth. At the same time,
a neat little roulette-table made its appearance from a hiding-place
in a sofa. Passing near the venerable landlady, I heard her ask the
servant, in a whisper, "if the dogs were loose?" After what I had
observed, I could only conclude that the dogs were used as a patrol, to
give the alarm in case of a descent of the police. It was plainly high
time to thank Captain Peterkin for his hospitality, and to take our
leave.
"We have had enough of this," I whispered to Romayne in English. "Let us
go."
In these days it is a delusion to suppose that you can speak
confidentially in the English language, when French people are within
hearing. One of the ladies asked Romayne, tenderly, if he was tired of
her already. Another reminded him that it was raining heavily (as we
could all hear), and suggested waiting until it cleared up. The hideous
General waved his greasy hand in the direction of the card table, and
said, "The game is waiting for us."
Romayne was excited, but not stupefied, by the wine he had drunk. He
answered, discreetly enough, "I must beg you to excuse me; I am a poor
card player."
The General suddenly looked grave. "You are speaking, sir, under a
strange misapprehension," he said. "Our game is lansquenet--essentially
a game of chance. With luck, the poorest player is a match for the whole
table."
Romayne persisted in his refusal. As a matter of course, I supported
him, with all needful care to avoid giving offense. The General took
offense, nevertheless. He crossed his arms on his breast, and looked at
us fiercely.
"Does this mean, gentlemen, that you distrust the company?" he asked.
The broken-nosed Commander, hearing the question, immediately joined us,
in the interests of peace--bearing with him the elements of persuasion,
under the form of a lady on his arm.
The lady stepped briskly forward, and tapped the General on the shoulder
with her fan. "I am one of the company," she said, "and I am sure Mr.
Romayne doesn't distrust _me_." She turned to Romayne with her most
irresistible smile. "A gentleman always plays cards," she resumed,
"when he has a lady for a partner. Let us join our interests at the
table--and, dear Mr. Romayne, don't risk too much!" She put her pretty
little purse into his hand, and looked as if she had been in love with
him for half her lifetime.
The fatal influence of the sex, assisted by wine, produced the
inevitable result. Romayne allowed himself to be led to the card table.
For a moment the General delayed the beginning of the game. After what
had happened, it was necessary that he should assert the strict sense of
justice that was in him. "
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19 BC
THE AENEID
by Virgil
BOOK I
Arms, and the man I sing, who, forc'd by fate,
And haughty Juno's unrelenting hate,
Expell'd and exil'd, left the Trojan shore.
Long labors, both by sea and land, he bore,
And in the doubtful war, before he won
The Latian realm, and built the destin'd town;
His banish'd gods restor'd to rites divine,
And settled sure succession in his line,
From whence the race of Alban fathers come,
And the long glories of majestic Rome.
O Muse! the causes and the crimes relate;
What goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate;
For what offense the Queen of Heav'n began
To persecute so brave, so just a man;
Involv'd his anxious life in endless cares,
Expos'd to wants, and hurried into wars!
Can heav'nly minds such high resentment show,
Or exercise their spite in human woe?
Against the Tiber's mouth, but far away,
An ancient town was seated on the sea;
A Tyrian colony; the people made
Stout for the war, and studious of their trade:
Carthage the name; belov'd by Juno more
Than her own Argos, or the Samian shore.
Here stood her chariot; here, if Heav'n were kind,
The seat of awful empire she design'd.
Yet she had heard an ancient rumor fly,
(Long cited by the people of the sky,)
That times to come should see the Trojan race
Her Carthage ruin, and her tow'rs deface;
Nor thus confin'd, the yoke of sov'reign sway
Should on the necks of all the nations lay.
She ponder'd this, and fear'd it was in fate;
Nor could forget the war she wag'd of late
For conqu'ring Greece against the Trojan state.
Besides, long causes working in her mind,
And secret seeds of envy, lay behind;
Deep graven in her heart the doom remain'd
Of partial Paris, and her form disdain'd;
The grace bestow'd on ravish'd Ganymed,
Electra's glories, and her injur'd bed.
Each was a cause alone; and all combin'd
To kindle vengeance in her haughty mind.
For this, far distant from the Latian coast
She drove the remnants of the Trojan host;
And sev'n long years th' unhappy wand'ring train
Were toss'd by storms, and scatter'd thro' the main.
Such time, such toil, requir'd the Roman name,
Such length of labor for so vast a frame.
Now scarce the Trojan fleet, with sails and oars,
Had left behind the fair Sicilian shores,
Ent'ring with cheerful shouts the wat'ry reign,
And plowing frothy furrows in the main;
When, lab'ring still with endless discontent,
The Queen of Heav'n did thus her fury vent:
"Then am I vanquish'd? must I yield?" said she,
"And must the Trojans reign in Italy?
So Fate will have it, and Jove adds his force;
Nor can my pow'r divert their happy course.
Could angry Pallas, with revengeful spleen,
The Grecian navy burn, and drown the men?
She, for the fault of one offending foe,
The bolts of Jove himself presum'd to throw:
With whirlwinds from beneath she toss'd the ship,
And bare expos'd the bosom of the deep;
Then, as an eagle gripes the trembling game,
The wretch, yet hissing with her father's flame,
She strongly seiz'd, and with a burning wound
Transfix'd, and naked, on a rock she bound.
But I, who walk in awful state above,
The majesty of heav'n, the sister wife of Jove,
For length of years my fruitless force employ
Against the thin remains of ruin'd Troy!
What nations now to Juno's pow'r will pray,
Or off'rings on my slighted altars lay?"
Thus rag'd the goddess; and, with fury fraught.
The restless regions of the storms she sought,
Where, in a spacious cave of living stone,
The tyrant Aeolus, from his airy throne,
With pow'r imperial curbs the struggling winds,
And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.
This way and
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SERIES)***
E-text prepared by Charles Aldarondo, Tam, Tom Allen, and the Project
Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
THE FAITH OF THE MILLIONS
A SELECTION OF PAST ESSAYS
SECOND SERIES
BY
GEORGE TYRRELL, S.J.
1901
"AND SEEING THE MULTITUDES HE WAS MOVED WITH
COMPASSION ON THEM, FOR THEY WERE HARASSED AND
SCATTERED AS SHEEP HAVING NO SHEPHERD."
(Matthew ix. 36.)
_Nil Obstat:_
J. GERARD, S.J.
CENS. THEOL. DEPUTATUS.
_Imprimatur:_
HERBERTUS CARD. VAUGHAN,
ARCHIEP. WESTMON.
CONTENTS
XIII.--Juliana of Norwich
XIV.--Poet and Mystic
XV.--Two Estimates of Catholic Life
XVI.--A Life of De Lamennais
XVII.--Lippo, the Man and the Artist
XVIII.--Through Art to Faith
XIX.--Tracts for the Million
XX.--An Apostle of Naturalism
XXL.--"The Making of Religion"
XXII.--Adaptability as a Proof of Religion
XXIII.--Idealism in Straits
XIII.
JULIANA OF NORWICH.
"One of the most remarkable books of the middle ages," writes Father
Dalgairns, [1] "is the hitherto almost unknown work, titled, _Sixteen
Revelations of Divine Love made to a Devout Servant of God, called
Mother Juliana, an Anchoress of Norwich_" How "one of the most
remarkable books" should be "hitherto almost unknown," may be explained
partly by the fact to which the same writer draws attention, namely,
that Mother Juliana lived and wrote at the time when a certain mystical
movement was about to bifurcate and pursue its course of development,
one branch within the Church on Catholic lines, the other outside the
Church along lines whose actual issue was Wycliffism and other kindred
forms of heterodoxy, and whose logical outcome was pantheism. Hence,
between the language of these pseudo-mystics and that of the recluse of
Norwich, "there is sometimes a coincidence... which might deceive the
unwary." It is almost necessarily a feature of every heresy to begin by
using the language of orthodoxy in a strained and non-natural sense, and
only gradually to develop a distinctive terminology of its own; but, as
often as not, certain ambiguous expressions, formerly taken in an
orthodox sense, are abandoned by the faithful on account of their
ambiguity and are then appropriated to the expression of heterodoxy, so
that eventually by force of usage the heretical meaning comes to be the
principal and natural meaning, and any other interpretation to seem
violent and non-natural. "The few coincidences," continues Father
Dalgairns, "between Mother Juliana and Wycliffe are among the many
proofs that the same speculative view often means different things in
different systems. Both St. Augustine, Calvin, and Mahomet, believe in
predestination, yet an Augustinian is something utterly different from a
Scotch Cameronian or a Mahometan.... The idea which runs through the
whole of Mother Juliana is the very contradictory of Wycliffe's
Pantheistic Necessitarianism." Yet on account of the mere similarity of
expression we can well understand how in the course of time some of
Mother Juliana's utterances came to be more ill-sounding to faithful
ears in proportion as they came to be more exclusively appropriated by
the unorthodox. It is hard to be as vigilant when danger is remote as
when it is near at hand; and until heresy has actually wrested them to
its purpose it is morally impossible that the words of ecclesiastical
and religious writers should be so delicately balanced as to avoid all
ambiguities and inaccuracies. Still less have we a right to look for
such exactitude in the words of an anchoress who, if not wholly
uneducated in our sense of the word, yet on her own confession "could no
letter," i.e., as we should say, was no scholar, and certainly made no
pretence to any skill in technical theology. But however much some of
her expressions may jar with the later developments of Catholic
theology, it must be remembered, as has been said, that they were
current coin in her day, common to orthodox and unorthodox; and that
though their restoration is by no means desirable, yet they are still
susceptive of a "benignant" interpretation. "I pray Almighty God," says
Mother Juliana in concluding, "that this book come not but into the
hands of those that will be His faithful lovers, and that will submit
them to the faith of Holy Church." [2] And indeed such can receive no
possible harm from its perusal, beyond a little temporary perplexity to
be dispelled by inquiry; and this only in the case of those who are
sufficiently instructed and reflective to perceive the discord in
question. The rest are well used in their reading to take what is
familiar and to leave what is strange, so that they will find in her
pages much to ponder, and but a little to pass over.
It is, however, not only to these occasional obscurities and ambiguities
that we are to ascribe the comparative oblivion into which so remarkable
a book has fallen; but also to the fact that its noteworthiness is
perhaps more evident and relative to us than to our forefathers. It
cannot but startle us to find doubts that we hastily look upon as
peculiarly "modern," set forth in their full strength and wrestled with
and overthrown by an unlettered recluse of the fourteenth century. In
some sense they are the doubts of all time, with perhaps just that
peculiar complexion which they assume in the light of Christianity. Yet,
owing to the modern spread of education, or rather to the indiscriminate
divulgation of ideas, these problems are now the possession of the man
in the street, whereas in former days they were exclusively the property
of minds capable--not indeed of answering the unanswerable, but at least
of knowing their own limitations and of seeing why such problems must
always exist as long as man is man. Dark as the age of Mother Juliana
was as regards the light of positive knowledge and information; yet the
light of wisdom burned at least as clearly and steadily then as now; and
it is by that light alone that the shades of unbelief can be dispelled.
Of course, wisdom without knowledge must starve or prey on its own
vitals, and this was the intellectual danger of the middle ages; but
knowledge without wisdom is so much food undigested and indigestible,
and this is the evil of our own day, when to be passably well-informed
so taxes our time and energy as to leave us no leisure for assimilating
the knowledge with which we have stuffed ourselves.
We must not, however, think of Mother Juliana as shut up within four
walls of a cell, evolving all her ideas straight from her own inner
consciousness without any reference to experience. Such a barren
contemplation, tending to mental paralysis, belongs to Oriental
pessimism, whose aim is the extinction of life, mental and physical, and
reabsorption into that void whence, it is said, misfortune has brought
us forth to troublous consciousness. The Christian contemplative knows
no ascent to God but by the ladder of creatures; he goes to the book of
Nature and of human life, and to the book of Revelation, and turns and
ponders their pages, line by line and word by word, and so feeds and
fills the otherwise thin and shadowy conception of God in his own soul,
and ever pours new oil upon the flame of Divine love. Father Daigairns
writes: "Juliana is a recluse very different from the creatures of the
imagination of writers on comparative morals. So far from being cut off
from sympathy with her kind, her mind is tenderly and delicately alive
to every change in the spiritual atmosphere of England.... The four
walls of her narrow home seem to be rent and torn asunder, and not only
England but Christendom appears before her view;" and he is at pains to
show how both anchorites and anchoresses were much-sought after by all
in trouble, temporal or spiritual, and how abundant were their
opportunities of becoming acquainted with human life and its burdens,
and of more than compensating, through the confidences of others,
whatever defect their minds might suffer through lack of personal
experience. Even still, how many a priest or nun whose experience had
else been narrowed to the petty domestic interests of a small family,
is, in virtue of his or her vocation, put in touch with a far larger
world, or with a far more important aspect of the world, than many who
mingle with its every-day trivialities, and is thus made a partaker in
some sense of the deeper life and experience of society and of the
Universal Church! The anchoress "did a great deal more than pray. The
very dangers against which the author of her rule [3] warns her, are a
proof that she had many visitors. He warns her against becoming a
'babbling' or 'gossiping' anchoress, a variety evidently well-known; a
recluse whose cell was the depository of all the news from the
neighbourhood at a time when newspapers did not exist." Such abuses
throw light upon the legitimate use of the anchoress's position in the
mediaeval community.
And so, though Mother Juliana "could no letter," though she knew next to
nothing of the rather worthless physical science of those times, and
hardly more of philosophy or technical theology, yet she knew no little
of that busy, sad, and sinful human life going on round her, not only at
Norwich, but in England, and even in Europe; and rich with this
knowledge, to which all other lore is subordinate and for whose sake
alone it is valuable, she betook herself to prayer and meditation, and
brought all this experience into relation with God, and drew from it an
ever clearer understanding of Him and of His dealings with the souls
that His Love has created and redeemed.
It is not then so wonderful that this wise and holy woman should have
faced the problems presented by the apparent discord between the truths
of faith and the facts of human life--a discord which is felt in every
age by the observant and thoughtful, but which in our age is a
commonplace on the lips of even the most superficial. But an age takes
its tone from the many who are the children of the past, rather than
from the few who are the parents of the future. Mother Juliana's book
could hardly have been in any sense "popular" until these days of ours,
in which the particular disease of mind to which it ministers has become
epidemic.
If then these suggestions to some extent furnish an explanation of the
oblivion into which the revelations of Mother Juliana have fallen, they
also justify the following attempt to draw attention to them once more,
and to give some sort of analysis of their contents; more especially as
we have reason to believe that they are about to be re-edited by a
competent scholar and made accessible to the general public, which they
have not been since the comparative extinction of Richardson's edition
of 1877. Little is known of Mother Juliana's history outside what is
implied in her revelations; nor is it our purpose at present to go aside
in search of biographical details that will be of interest only after
their subject has become interesting. Suffice it here to say that she
was thirty at the time of her revelations, which she tells us was in
1373. Hence she was born in 1343, and is said to have been a
centenarian, in which case she must have died about 1443. She probably
belonged to the Benedictine nuns at Carrow, near Norwich, and being
called to a still stricter life, retired to a hermitage close by the
Church of St. Julian at Norwich. The details she gives about her own
sick-room exclude the idea of that stricter "reclusion" which is
popularly spoken of as "walling-up"--not of course in the mythical
sense.
With these brief indications sufficient to satisfy the craving of our
imagination for particulars of time and place, let us turn to her own
account of the circumstances of her visions, as well as of their nature.
She tells us that in her life previous to 1373, she had, at some time or
other, demanded three favours from God; first, a sensible appreciation
of Christ's Passion in such sort as to share the grace of Mary Magdalene
and others who were eye-witnesses thereof: "therefore I desired a bodily
sight wherein I might have more knowledge of the bodily pain of our
Saviour." And the motive of this desire was that she might "afterwards
because of that showing have the more true mind of the Passion of
Christ." Her aim was a deeper practical intelligence, and not the
gratification of mere emotional curiosity.
This grace she plainly recognizes as extraordinary; for she says: "Other
sight or showing of God asked I none, till when the soul was departed
from the body." Her second request was likewise for an extraordinary
grace; namely, for a bodily sickness which she and others might believe
to be mortal; in which she should receive the last sacraments, and
experience all the bodily pains, and all the spiritual temptations
incident to the separation of soul and body. And the motive of this
request was that she might be "purged by the mercy of God, and
afterwards live more to the worship of
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THE
INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER
UPON THE
FRENCH REVOLUTION AND EMPIRE
1793-1812
BY
CAPTAIN A. T. MAHAN, U.S.N.
PRESIDENT UNITED STATES NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
AUTHOR OF "THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER UPON HISTORY, 1660-1783"
OF "THE GULF AND INLAND WATERS," AND OF A
"LIFE OF ADMIRAL FARRAGUT"
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II.
FOURTH EDITION.
LONDON:
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON.
(LIMITED.)
UNIVERSITY PRESS:
JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
CHAPTER XII.
EVENTS ON THE CONTINENT, 1798-1800.
DISORDERS OF FRANCE UNDER THE DIRECTORY.—DISASTROUS WAR OF THE SECOND
COALITION.—ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSULATE.—BONAPARTE OVERTHROWS
AUSTRIA AND FRAMES AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN THE ARMED NEUTRALITY OF
1800.—PEACE OF LUNÉVILLE WITH AUSTRIA.
PAGE
Hostilities of Naples against the French 1
Disastrous defeat of the Neapolitans 2
The French enter Naples 2
Piedmont annexed to France 2
Beginning of the war of the Second Coalition 3
Reverses of the French in Germany and Italy 3
Masséna falls back in Switzerland 4
Further French disasters in Italy 5
The French evacuate southern Italy 6
Battle of the Trebia won by Suwarrow 6
Loss of northern Italy by the French 7
The French defeated at the battle of Novi by Suwarrow 8
Change in the plans of the Coalition 8
Masséna defeats the allies at the battle of Zurich 9
Disastrous march of Suwarrow into Switzerland 9
Failure of the Anglo-Russian expedition against Holland 10
Loss of Bonaparte's conquests in Italy and of the Ionian Islands 10
Internal disorders of France 11
Bonaparte's return, and the revolution of Brumaire 18 15
Bonaparte's measures to restore order 15
His advances toward Great Britain and Austria to obtain peace 16
Reasons of the two governments for refusing 17
Prosperity of Great Britain 17
Russia abandons the coalition 19
Forces of France and Austria in 1800 19
Bonaparte's plan of campaign 20
Opening of the campaign in Italy 21
Masséna shut up in Genoa 21
Moreau's advance into Germany 21
Bonaparte crosses the Saint Bernard 22
Battle of Marengo, and armistice following it 23
Armistice in Germany 24
Diplomatic negotiations 25
Bonaparte's colonial and maritime anxieties 25
The Czar Paul I.'s hostility to Great Britain 26
Dispute between England and Denmark concerning neutral rights 26
Effect of this upon Bonaparte's plans 27
Policy of Russia and Prussia 28
Bonaparte undertakes to form a coalition against Great Britain
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Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
AN
ESSAY
ON THE
Incubus, or Night-mare.
By JOHN BOND, M. D.
Ac velut in somnis oculos ubi languida pressit
Nocte quies, necquicquam avidos extendere cursus
Velle videmur, et in mediis conatibus ægri
Succidimus; non Lingua valet non corpore notæ
Sufficiunt vires, nec vox nec verba sequuntur.
VIRGIL. Æneid. xii.
[Illustration]
LONDON:
Printed for D. WILSON and T. DURHAM,
at Plato’s Head, in the Strand.
MDCCLIII.
To his Excellency
ARTHUR DOBBS, Esquire,
Governor and Captain General of the Province of NORTH CAROLINA.
SIR,
Your extensive knowlege in every branch of useful and polite literature
will sufficiently justify the propriety of this address, though it
offers to your acceptance and protection an Essay merely medical.
Besides, the subject I have chosen is in a great measure new, and
must, I think, if successfully treated, prove highly useful. It seems
therefore peculiarly intitled to your patronage, who are so judicious,
so generous, and so zealous a promoter of every discovery which may
tend to the public good. I shall not trespass farther on your patience,
with the usual apologies of young Authors; nor on your modesty, with
the trite panegyrics of Dedicators: the whole tenour of your life has
render’d such encomiums superfluous; for you have always pursued the
shortest and the surest road to fame, the real _esse quod videri velis_.
Though by this Essay I should acquire no honour
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"CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS"
A STORY OF THE GRAND BANKS
by
Rudyard Kipling
TO
JAMES CONLAND, M.D.,
Brattleboro, Vermont
I ploughed the land with horses,
But my heart was ill at ease,
For the old sea-faring men
Came to me now and then,
With their sagas of the seas.
Longfellow.
CHAPTER I
The weather door of the smoking-room had been left open to the North
Atlantic fog, as the big liner rolled and lifted, whistling to warn the
fishing-fleet.
"That Cheyne boy's the biggest nuisance aboard," said a man in a frieze
overcoat, shutting the door with a bang. "He isn't wanted here. He's
too fresh."
A white-haired German reached for a sandwich, and grunted between
bites: "I know der breed. Ameriga is full of dot kind. I dell you you
should imbort ropes' ends free under your dariff."
"Pshaw! There isn't any real harm to him. He's more to be pitied than
anything," a man from New York drawled, as he lay at full length along
the cushions under the wet skylight. "They've dragged him around from
hotel to hotel ever since he was a kid. I was talking to his mother
this morning. She's a lovely lady, but she don't pretend to manage him.
He's going to Europe to finish his education."
"Education isn't begun yet." This was a Philadelphian, curled up in a
corner. "That boy gets two hundred
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19 BC
THE AENEID
by Virgil
BOOK I
Arms, and the man I sing, who, forc'd by fate,
And haughty Juno's unrelenting hate,
Expell'd and exil'd, left the Trojan shore.
Long labors, both by sea and land, he bore,
And in the doubtful war, before he won
The Latian realm, and built the destin'd town;
His banish'd gods restor'd to rites divine,
And settled sure succession in his line,
From whence the race of Alban fathers come,
And the long glories of majestic Rome.
O Muse! the causes and the crimes relate;
What goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate;
For what offense the Queen of Heav'n began
To persecute so brave, so just a man;
Involv'd his anxious life in endless cares,
Expos'd to wants, and hurried into wars!
Can heav'nly minds such high resentment show,
Or exercise their spite in human woe?
Against the Tiber's mouth, but far away,
An ancient town was seated on the sea;
A Tyrian colony; the people made
Stout for the war, and studious of their trade:
Carthage the name; belov'd by Juno more
Than her own Argos, or the Samian shore.
Here stood her chariot; here, if Heav'n were kind,
The seat of awful empire she design'd.
Yet she had heard an ancient rumor fly,
(Long cited by the people of the sky,)
That times to come should see the Trojan race
Her Carthage ruin, and her tow'rs deface;
Nor thus confin'd, the yoke of sov'reign sway
Should on the necks of all the nations lay.
She ponder'd this, and fear'd it was in fate;
Nor could forget the war she wag'd of late
For conqu'ring Greece against the Trojan state.
Besides, long causes working in her mind,
And secret seeds of envy, lay behind;
Deep graven in her heart the doom remain'd
Of partial Paris, and her form disdain'd;
The grace bestow'd on ravish'd Ganymed,
Electra's glories, and her injur'd bed.
Each was a cause alone; and all combin'd
To kindle vengeance in her haughty mind.
For this, far distant from the Latian coast
She drove the remnants of the Trojan host;
And sev'n long years th' unhappy wand'ring train
Were toss'd by storms, and scatter'd thro' the main.
Such time, such toil, requir'd the Roman name,
Such length of labor for so vast a frame.
Now scarce the Trojan fleet, with sails and oars,
Had left behind the fair Sicilian shores,
Ent'ring with cheerful shouts the wat'ry reign,
And plowing frothy furrows in the main;
When, lab'ring still with endless discontent,
The Queen of Heav'n did thus her fury vent:
"Then am I vanquish'd? must I yield?" said she,
"And must the Trojans reign in Italy?
So Fate will have it, and Jove adds his force;
Nor can my pow'r divert their happy course.
Could angry Pallas, with revengeful spleen,
The Grecian navy burn, and drown the men?
She, for the fault of one offending foe,
The bolts of Jove himself presum'd to throw:
With whirlwinds from beneath she toss'd the ship,
And bare expos'd the bosom of the deep;
Then, as an eagle gripes the trembling game,
The wretch, yet hissing with her father's flame,
She strongly seiz'd, and with a burning wound
Transfix'd, and naked, on a rock she bound.
But I, who walk in awful state above,
The majesty of heav'n, the sister wife of Jove,
For length of years my fruitless force employ
Against the thin remains of ruin'd Troy!
What nations now to Juno's pow'r will pray,
Or off'rings on my slighted altars lay?"
Thus rag'd the goddess; and, with fury fraught.
The restless regions of the storms she sought,
Where, in a spacious cave of living stone,
The tyrant Aeolus, from his airy throne,
With pow'r imperial curbs the struggling winds,
And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.
This way and that th' impatient captives tend,
And, pressing for release, the mountains rend.
High in his hall th' undaunted monarch stands,
And shakes his scepter, and their rage commands;
Which did he not, their unresisted sway
Would sweep the world before them in their way;
Earth, air, and seas thro' empty space would roll,
And heav'n would fly before the driving soul.
In fear of this, the Father of the Gods
Confin'd their fury to those dark abodes,
And lock'd 'em safe within, oppress'd with mountain loads;
Impos'd a king, with arbitrary sway,
To loose their fetters, or their force allay.
To whom the suppliant queen her pray'rs address'd,
And thus the tenor of her suit express'd:
"O Aeolus! for to thee the King of Heav'n
The pow'r of tempests and of winds has giv'n;
Thy force alone their fury can restrain,
And smooth the waves, or swell the troubled main-
A race of wand'ring slaves, abhorr'd by me,
With prosp'rous passage cut the Tuscan sea;
To fruitful Italy their course they steer,
And for their vanquish'd gods design new temples there.
Raise all thy winds; with night involve the skies;
Sink or disperse my fatal enemies.
Twice sev'n, the charming daughters of the main,
Around my person wait, and bear my train:
Succeed my wish, and second my design;
The fairest, Deiopeia, shall be thine,
And make thee father of a happy line."
To this the god: "'T is yours, O queen, to will
The work which duty binds me to fulfil.
These airy kingdoms, and this wide command,
Are all the presents of your bounteous hand:
Yours is my sov'reign's grace; and, as your guest,
I sit with gods at their celestial feast;
Raise tempests at your pleasure, or subdue;
Dispose of empire, which I hold from you."
He said, and hurl'd against the mountain side
His quiv'ring spear, and all the god applied.
The raging winds rush thro' the hollow wound,
And dance aloft in air, and skim along the ground;
Then, settling on the sea, the surges sweep,
Raise liquid mountains, and disclose the deep.
South, East, and West with mix'd confusion roar,
And roll the foaming billows to the shore.
The cables crack; the sailors' fearful cries
Ascend; and sable night involves the skies;
And heav'n itself is ravish'd from their eyes.
Loud peals of thunder from the poles ensue;
Then flashing fires the transient light renew;
The face of things a frightful image bears,
And present death in various forms appears.
Struck with unusual fright, the Trojan chief,
With lifted hands and eyes, invokes relief;
And, "Thrice and four times happy those," he cried,
"That under Ilian walls before their parents died!
Tydides, bravest of the Grecian train!
Why could not I by that strong arm be slain,
And lie by noble Hector on the plain,
Or great Sarpedon, in those bloody fields
Where Simois rolls the bodies and the shields
Of heroes, whose dismember'd hands yet bear
The dart aloft, and clench the pointed spear!"
Thus while the pious prince his fate bewails,
Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails,
And rent the sheets; the raging billows rise,
And mount the tossing vessels to the skies:
Nor can the shiv'ring oars sustain the blow;
The galley gives her side, and turns her prow;
While those astern, descending down the steep,
Thro' gaping waves behold the boiling deep.
Three ships were hurried by the southern blast,
And on the secret shelves with fury cast.
Those hidden rocks th' Ausonian sailors knew:
They call'd them Altars, when they rose in view,
And show'd their spacious backs above the flood.
Three more fierce Eurus, in his angry mood,
Dash'd on the shallows of the moving sand,
And in mid ocean left them moor'd aland.
Orontes' bark, that bore the Lycian crew,
(A horrid sight!) ev'n in the hero's view,
From stem to stern by waves was overborne:
The trembling pilot, from his rudder torn,
Was headlong hurl'd; thrice round the ship was toss'd,
Then bulg'd at once, and in the deep was lost;
And here and there above the waves were seen
Arms, pictures, precious goods, and floating men.
The stoutest vessel to the storm gave way,
And suck'd thro' loosen'd planks the rushing sea.
Ilioneus was her chief: Alethes old,
Achates faithful, Abas young and bold,
Endur'd not less; their ships, with gaping seams,
Admit the deluge of the briny streams.
Meantime imperial Neptune heard the
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Transcriber's Notes: Some typographical and punctuation errors have been
corrected. A complete list follows the text. Variations in spelling and
hyphenation have been left as in the original. Words in Greek in the
original are transliterated and placed between +plus signs+. Words
italicized in the original are surrounded by _underscores_. Words in
bold in the original are surrounded by =equal signs=. Characters
superscripted in the original are inclosed in {} brackets.
There are diacritic accents in the original. In this text, they are
represented as follows:
[=a] = "a" with a macron
[=e] = "e" with a macron
[=i] = "i" with a macron
[=o] = "o" with a macron
[=u] = "u" with a macron
[=w] = "w" with a macron
_THE PLANT-LORE AND GARDEN-CRAFT OF SHAKESPEARE._
PRESS NOTICES OF FIRST EDITION.
"It would be hard to name a better commonplace book for summer
lawns.... The lover of poetry, the lover of gardening, and the lover
of quaint, out-of-the-way knowledge will each find something to please
him.... It is a delightful example of gardening literature."--_Pall
Mall Gazette._
"Mr. Ellacombe, with a double enthusiasm for Shakespeare and for his
garden, has produced a very readable and graceful volume on the
Plant-Lore of Shakespeare."--_Saturday Review._
"Mr. Ellacombe brings to his task an enthusiastic love of horticulture,
wedded to no inconsiderable practical and theoretical knowledge of it; a
mind cultivated by considerable acquaintance with the Greek and Latin
classics, and trained for this special subject by a course of extensive
reading among the contemporaries of his author: and a capacity for
patient and unwearied research, which he has shown by the stores of
learning he has drawn from a class of books rarely dipped into by the
student--Saxon and Early English herbals and books of leechcraft; the
result is a work which is entitled from its worth to a place in every
Shakesperian library."--_Spectator._
"The work has fallen into the hands of one who knows not only the
plants themselves, but also their literary history; and it may be
said that Shakespeare's flowers now for the first time find an
historian."--_Field._
"A delightful book has been compiled, and it is as accurate as it is
delightful."--_Gardener's Chronicle._
"Mr. Ellacombe's book well deserves a place on the shelves of both the
student of Shakespeare and the lover of plant lore."--_Journal of
Botany._
"By patient industry, systematically bestowed, Mr. Ellacombe has
produced a book of considerable interest;... full of facts, grouped
on principles of common sense about quotations from our great
poet."--_Guardian._
"Mr. Ellacombe is an old and faithful labourer in this field of
criticism. His 'Plant-lore and Garden-craft of Shakespeare'... is the
fullest and best book on the subject."--_The Literary World (American)._
THE
PLANT-LORE & GARDEN-CRAFT
OF
SHAKESPEARE.
BY
REV. HENRY N. ELLACOMBE, M.A.,
OF ORIEL COLLEGE, OXFORD,
VICAR OF BITTON, GLOUCESTERSHIRE, AND HON. CANON OF BRISTOL.
SECOND EDITION.
PRINTED FOR
W. SATCHELL AND CO.,
AND SOLD BY,
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO.,
LONDON.
1884.
"My Herbale booke in Folio I unfold.
I pipe of plants, I sing of somer flowers."
CUTWODE, _Caltha Poetarum_, st. 1.
TO THE READER.
"Faultes escaped in the Printing, correcte with your pennes; omitted by
my neglygence, overslippe with patience; committed by ignorance, remit
with favour."
LILY, _Euphues and his England_, Address to the
gentlemen Readers.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION 1
PLANT-LORE OF SH
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A TRAMP'S NOTE-BOOK
BY
MORLEY ROBERTS
AUTHOR OF
"RACHEL MARE," "BIANCA'S CAPRICE," "THE PROMOTION OF THE ADMIRAL."
LONDON
F. V. WHITE & CO. LTD.
14 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, W.C.
1904
CONTENTS
PAGE
A WATCH-NIGHT SERVICE IN SAN FRANCISCO 1
SOME PORTUGUESE SKETCHES 16
A PONDICHERRY BOY 40
A GRADUATE BEYOND SEAS 51
MY FRIEND EL TORO 61
BOOKS IN THE GREAT WEST 71
A VISIT TO R. L. STEVENSON 79
IN CAPETOWN 88
VELDT, PLAIN AND PRAIRIE 95
NEAR MAFEKING 101
BY THE FRASER RIVER 110
OLD AND NEW DAYS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 118
A TALK WITH KRUGER 128
TROUT FISHING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND CALIFORNIA 136
ROUND THE WORLD IN HASTE 142
BLUE JAYS AND ALMONDS 162
IN CORSICA 167
ON THE MATTERHORN 176
AN INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST CONGRESS 186
AT LAS PALMAS 194
THE TERRACINA ROAD 204
A
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_WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR_
JULES SANDEAU. LA ROCHE AUX MOUETTES (Extracts). [_Nutt’s Short
French Readers, 6d._]
THÉOPHILE GAUTIER. VOYAGE EN ITALIE. [_Cambridge University
Press, 3s._]
ÉMILE SOUVESTRE. LE PHILOSOPHE SOUS LES TOITS (Extracts).
[_Blackie’s Little French Classics, 4d._]
PIERRE CŒUR. L’ÂME DE BEETHOVEN. [_Siepmann’s French Series.
Macmillan, 2s._]
FRENCH IDIOMS AND PROVERBS
“_Omne epigramma sit instar apis; sit aculeus illi,
Sint sua mella, sit et corporis exigui._”
MARTIAL.
[Thus Englished by Archbishop Trench:
“_Three things must epigrams, like bees, have all;
Its sting, its honey, and its body small._”]
[And thus by my friend, Mr. F. Storr:
“_An epigram’s a bee: ’tis small, has wings
Of wit, a heavy bag of humour, and it stings._”]
“_Celebre dictum, scita quapiam novitate insigne._”
ERASMUS.
“_The genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered in its
proverbs._”--BACON.
“_The people’s voice the voice of God we call;
And what are proverbs but the people’s voice?_”
JAMES HOWELL.
“_What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed._”
POPE, _Essay on Criticism_.
“_The wit of one man, the wisdom of many._”--Lord JOHN RUSSELL
(_Quarterly Review_, Sept. 1850).
FRENCH IDIOMS AND PROVERBS
A COMPANION TO DESHUMBERT’S
“DICTIONARY OF DIFFICULTIES”
BY
DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE
PRINCIPAL OF KENSINGTON COACHING COLLEGE
ASSISTANT EXAMINER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
_FOURTH REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION_
[Fifth Thousand]
LONDON
DAVID NUTT, 57-59 LONG ACRE
1905
“_Tant ayme on chien qu’on le nourrist,
Tant court chanson qu’elle est aprise,
Tant garde on fruit qu’il se pourrist,
Tant bat on place qu’elle est prise.
Tant tarde on que faut entreprise,
Tant se haste on que mal advient,
Tant embrasse on que chet la prise,
Tant crie l’on Noel qu’il vient._”
VILLON, _Ballade des Proverbes_.
PREFACE
In this edition I have endeavoured to keep down additions as much
as possible, so as not to overload the book; but I have not been
sparing in adding cross-references (especially in the Index) and
quotations from standard authors. These quotations seldom give
the first occasion on which a proverb has been used, as in most
cases it is impossible to find it.
I have placed an asterisk before all recognised proverbs; these
will serve as a first course for those students who do not wish
to read through the whole book at once. In a few cases I have
added explanations of English proverbs; during the eleven years
I have been using the book I have frequently found that pupils
were, for instance, as ignorant of “to bell the cat” as they were
of “attacher le grelot.”
I must add a warning to students who use the book when
translating into French. They must not use expressions marked
“familiar” or “popular” except when writing in a familiar or
low-class style. I have included these forms, because they are
often heard in conversation, but they are seldom met with in
serious French literature. A few blank pages have been added at
the end for additions. Accents have been placed on capitals to
aid the student; they are usually omitted in French printing.
In conclusion, I have to thank Mr. W. G. Lipscomb, M.A.,
Headmaster of Bolton Grammar School, Mr. E. Latham, and
especially M. Georges Jamin of the École Lavoisier, Paris, for
valuable suggestions; while M. Marius Deshumbert, and Professor
Walter Rippmann, in reading through the proof sheets, have made
many corrections and additions of the greatest value, for which I
owe them my sincere gratitude.
DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED
BELCHER, H., and DUPUIS, A., “Manuel aux examens.” London, 1885.
BELCOUR, G., “English Proverbs.” London, 1888.
BOHN, H. G., “Handbook of Proverbs.” London, 1855.
CATS, JACOB, and FAIRLIE, R., “Moral Emblems.” London, 1860.
DUPLESSIS, M. GRATET, “La fleur des Proverbes français.” Paris,
1851.
FURETIÈRE, A., “Dictionnaire universel.” La Haye, 1727.
GÉNIN, F., “Récréations philologiques.” Paris, 1856.
HOWELL, JAMES, “Lexicon Tetraglotton.” London, 1660.
KARCHER, T., “Questionnaire français.” Seventh Edition. London,
1886.
LACURNE DE STE. PALAYE, “Dictionnaire historique de l’ancien
langage françois.” Paris, 1875-82.
LARCHEY, LORÉDAN, “Nos vieux Proverbes.” Paris, 1886.
LAROUSSE, P., “Grand Dictionnaire universel du xix^e siècle.”
1865-76.
LE ROUX DE LINCY, A. J., “Livre des Proverbes français.” 2^e
édition. Paris, 1859.
LITTRÉ, E., “Dictionnaire de la langue française.” Paris,
1863-72.
LOUBENS, D., “Proverbes de la langue française.” Paris, 1889.
MARTIN, ÉMAN, “Le Courrier de Vaugelas.” Paris, 1868.
QUITARD, P. M., “Dictionnaire étymologique des Proverbes.” Paris,
1842.
QUITARD, P. M., “Études sur les Proverbes français.” Paris, 1860.
RIGAUD, LUCIEN, “Argot moderne.” Paris, 1881.
TARVER, J. C., “Phraseological Dictionary.” London, 1854.
TRENCH, R. C., “Proverbs and their Lessons.” Sixth Edition.
London, 1869.
_Quarterly Review._ July 1868.
_Notes and Queries._ _Passim._
FRENCH IDIOMS AND PROVERBS
_Expressions to which an Asterisk is prefixed are Proverbs._
A.
A
_Il ne sait ni A ni B_ = He does not know B from a bull’s foot;
He cannot read; He is a perfect ignoramus.
_Être marqué à l’A_ = To stand high in the estimation of others.
[This expression is supposed to have originated in the custom of
stamping French coin with different letters of the alphabet. The
mark of the Paris Mint was an “A,” and its coins were supposed
to be of a better quality than those stamped at provincial
towns. But as this custom only began in 1418 by command of the
Dauphin, son of Charles VI., and as the saying was known long
previous, it is more probable that its origin is to be sought in
the pre-eminence that A has always held in all Aryan languages,
and that the French have borrowed it from the Romans. Compare
MARTIAL, ii. 57, and our A i, at Lloyd’s.]
Abandon
_Tout est à l’abandon_ = Everything is at sixes and sevens, in
utter neglect, in confusion.
[Also: _Tout va à la dérive._]
Abattre
*_Petite pluie abat grand vent_ = A little rain lays much dust;
Often quite a trifle calms a torrent of wrath.
[Compare: “Hi motus animorum atque haec certamina tanta Pulveris
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VILLAGE FOLK-TALES OF CEYLON
Vol. I
Collected and Translated by
H. PARKER
Late of the Irrigation Department, Ceylon
LONDON
LUZAC & CO
Publishers to the India Office
1910
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction 1
PART I.
STORIES OF THE CULTIVATING CASTE AND VAEDDAS.
NO.
1 The Making of the Great Earth 47
2 The Sun, the Moon, and Great Paddy 52
3 The Story of Senasura 54
4 The Glass Princess 57
5 The Frog Prince 67
6 The Millet Trader 72
7 The Turtle Dove 79
8 The Prince and the Princess 93
9 Tamarind Tikka 100
10 Matalange Loku-Appu 108
11 The White Turtle 113
12 The Black Storks' Girl 120
13 The Golden Kaekiri Fruit 129
14 The Four Deaf Persons 134
15 The Prince and the Yaka 137
16 How a Yaka and a Man fought 146
17 Concerning a Man and Two Yakas 148
18 The Three Questions 150
19 The Faithless Princess 157
20 The Prince who did not go to School 160
21 Nagul-Munna 169
22 The Kule-baka Flowers 173
23 Kurulu-gama Appu, the Soothsayer 179
24 How a Prince was chased by a Yaksani 186
25 The Wicked King 191
26 The Kitul Seeds 197
27 The Speaking Horse 199
28 The Female Quail 201
29 The Pied Robin 206
30 The Jackal and the Hare 209
31 The Leopard and the Mouse-deer 213
32 The Crocodile's Wedding 216
33 The Gamarala's Cakes 219
34 The Kinnara and the Parrots 224
35 How a Jackal settled a Lawsuit 228
36 The Jackal and the Turtle 234
37 The Lion and the Turtle 241
PART II.
STORIES OF THE LOWER CASTES.
38 The Monkey and the Weaver-Bird (Potter) 247
39 The Jackal Devatawa (Washerman) 249
STORIES OF THE TOM-TOM BEATERS.
The Foolishness of Tom-tom Beaters 252
40 A Kadambawa Man's Journey to Puttalam 253
41 The Kadambawa Men and the Hares 255
42 The Kadambawa Men and the Mouse-deer 256
43 The Kadambawa Men and the Bush 257
44 How the Kadambawa Men counted Themselves 258
45 The Kadambawa Men and the Dream 260
46 The Four Tom-tom Beaters 262
47 The Golden Tree 264
48 The Seven Princesses 270
49 Mr. Janel Siñña 278
50 The Nikini Story 284
51 The Aet-kanda Leniya 291
52 The Wimali Story 302
53 The Pots of Oil 304
54 The Mouse Maiden 308
55 Sigiris Siñño, the Giant 312
56 The Proud Jackal 316
STORIES OF THE DURAYAS.
57 The Seven Robbers 317
58 The Stupid Boy
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THE BEAUTIES OF NATURE
[Illustration: _Frontispiece._
GROUP OF BEECHES, BURNHAM. _Page 167._]
THE
BEAUTIES OF NATURE
AND THE
WONDERS OF THE WORLD
WE LIVE IN
BY
THE RIGHT HON.
SIR JOHN LUBBOCK, BART., M.P.
F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D.
New York
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND LONDON
1892
_All rights reserved_
COPYRIGHT, 1892,
BY MACMILLAN AND CO.
TYPOGRAPHY BY J. S. CUSHING & CO., BOSTON, U.S.A.
PRESSWORK BY BERWICK & SMITH, BOSTON, U.S.A.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
Beauty and Happiness 3
The Love of Nature 5
Enjoyment of Scenery 14
Scenery of England 19
Foreign Scenery 21
The Aurora 33
The Seasons 34
CHAPTER II
ON ANIMAL LIFE 39
Love of Animals 41
Growth and Metamorphoses 43
Rudimentary Organs 45
Modifications 48
Colour 50
Communities of Animals 57
Ants 58
CHAPTER III
ON ANIMAL LIFE--_continued_ 71
Freedom of Animals 73
Sleep 78
Senses 84
Sense of Direction 93
Number of Species 96
Importance of the Smaller Animals 97
Size of Animals 100
Complexity of Animal Structure 101
Length of Life 102
On Individuality 104
Animal Immortality 112
CHAPTER IV
ON PLANT LIFE 115
Structure of Flowers 128
Insects and Flowers 134
Past History of Flowers 136
Fruits and Seeds 137
Leaves 138
Aquatic Plants 144
On Hairs 148
Influence of Soil 151
On Seedlings 152
Sleep of Plants 152
Behaviour of Leaves in Rain 155
Mimicry 156
Ants and Plants 156
Insectivorous Plants 158
Movements of Plants 159
Imperfection of our Knowledge 163
CHAPTER V
WOODS AND FIELDS 165
Fairy Land 172
Tropical Forests 179
Structure of Trees 185
Ages of Trees 188
Meadows 192
Downs 194
CHAPTER VI
MOUNTAINS 201
Alpine Flowers 205
Mountain Scenery 206
The Afterglow 213
The Origin of Mountains 214
Glaciers 227
Swiss Mountains 232
Volcanoes 236
Origin of Volcanoes 243
CHAPTER VII
WATER 249
Rivers and Witchcraft 251
Water Plants 252
Water Animals 253
Origin of Rivers 255
The Course of Rivers 256
Deltas 272
CHAPTER VIII
RIVERS AND LAKES 277
On the Directions of Rivers 279
The Conflicts and Adventures of Rivers 301
On Lakes 312
On the Configuration of Valleys 323
CHAPTER IX
THE SEA 335
The Sea Coast 337
Sea Life 344
The Ocean Depths 351
Coral Islands 358
The Southern Skies 365
The Poles 367
CHAPTER X
THE STARRY HEAVENS 373
The Moon 377
The Sun 382
The Planets 387
Mercury 388
Venus 390
The Earth 391
Mars 392
The Minor Planets 393
Jupiter 394
Saturn 395
Uranus 396
Neptune 397
Origin of the Planetary System 398
Comets 401
Shooting Stars 406
The Stars 410
Nebulae 425
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG. PAGE
1. Larva of Choerocampa porcellus 53
2. Bougainvillea fruticosa; natural size. (After Allman) 107
3. Do. do. magnified 108
4. Do. do.
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E-text prepared by Ruth Hart [email protected]
Transcriber's note:
In the original book, the Table of Contents was located after
the Preface, but I have placed it at the beginning of the text
for this online version.
PRACTICAL MYSTICISM
by
EVELYN UNDERHILL
Author of "Mysticism," "The Mystic Way," "Immanence: A Book of Verses."
"If the doors of perception were cleansed,
everything would appear to man as it is, infinite.
For man has closed himself up,
till he sees all things through the narrow chinks of his cavern."
WILLIAM BLAKE
New York
E.P. Dutton & Company
681 Fifth Avenue
Copyright 1915 by
E.P. Dutton & Company
TO THE UNSEEN FUTURE
CONTENTS
Preface vii
I. What is Mysticism 1
II. The World of Reality 13
III. The Preparation of the Mystic 21
IV. Meditation and Recollection 56
V. Self-Adjustment 29
VI. Love and Will 74
VII. The First Form of Contemplation 87
VIII. The Second Form of Contemplation 105
XI. The Third Form of Contemplation 126
X. The Mystical Life 148
PREFACE
This little book, written during the last months of peace, goes to
press in the first weeks of the great war. Many will feel that in
such a time of conflict and horror, when only the most ignorant,
disloyal, or apathetic can hope for quietness of mind, a book
which deals with that which is called the "contemplative" attitude
to existence is wholly out of place. So obvious, indeed, is this
point of view, that I had at first thought of postponing its
publication. On the one hand, it seems as though the dreams of a
spiritual renaissance, which promised so fairly but a little time
ago, had perished in the sudden explosion of brute force. On the
other hand, the thoughts of the English race are now turned, and
rightly, towards the most concrete forms of action--struggle and
endurance, practical sacrifices, difficult and long-continued
effort--rather than towards the passive attitude of self-surrender
which is all that the practice of mysticism seems, at first sight, to
demand. Moreover, that deep conviction of the dependence of all
human worth upon eternal values, the immanence of the Divine
Spirit within the human soul, which lies at the root of a mystical
concept of life, is hard indeed to reconcile with much of the
human history now being poured red-hot from the cauldron of
war. For all these reasons, we are likely during the present crisis
to witness a revolt from those superficially mystical notions
which threatened to become too popular during the immediate
past.
Yet, the title deliberately chosen for this book--that of "Practical"
Mysticism--means nothing if the attitude and the discipline which
it recommends be adapted to fair weather alone: if the principles
for which it stands break down when subjected to the pressure of
events, and cannot be reconciled with the sterner duties of the
national life. To accept this position is to reduce mysticism to the
status of a spiritual plaything. On the contrary, if the experiences
on which it is based have indeed the transcendent value for
humanity which the mystics claim for them--if they reveal to us a
world of higher truth and greater reality than the world of
concrete happenings in which we seem to be immersed--then that
value is increased rather than lessened when confronted by the
overwhelming disharmonies and sufferings of the present time. It
is significant that many of these experiences are reported to us
from periods of war and distress: that the stronger the forces of
destruction appeared, the more intense grew the spiritual vision
which opposed them. We learn from these records that the
mystical consciousness has the power of lifting those who
possess it to a plane of reality which no struggle, no cruelty, can
disturb: of conferring a certitude which no catastrophe can wreck.
Yet it does not wrap its initiates in a selfish and otherworldly
calm, isolate them from the pain and effort of the common life.
Rather, it gives them renewed vitality; administering to the
human spirit not--as some suppose--a soothing draught, but the
most powerful of stimulants. Stayed upon eternal realities, that
spirit will be far better able to endure and profit by the stern
discipline which the race is now called to undergo, than those
who are wholly at the mercy of events; better able to discern the
real from the illusory issues, and to pronounce judgment on the
new problems, new difficulties, new fields of activity now
disclosed. Perhaps it is worth while to remind ourselves that the
two women who have left the deepest mark upon the military
history of France and England--Joan of Arc and Florence
Nightingale--both acted under mystical compulsion. So, too, did
one of the noblest of modern soldiers, General Gordon. Their
national value was directly connected with their deep spiritual
consciousness: their intensely practical energies were the flowers
of a contemplative life.
We are often told, that in the critical periods of history it is the
national soul which counts: that "where there is no vision, the
people perish." No nation is truly defeated which retains its
spiritual self-possession. No nation is truly victorious which does
not emerge with soul unstained. If this be so, it becomes a part of
true patriotism to keep the spiritual life, both of the individual
citizen and of the social group, active and vigorous; its vision of
realities unsullied by the entangled interests and passions of the
time. This is a task in which all may do their part. The spiritual
life is not a special career, involving abstraction from the world
of things. It is a part of every man's life; and until he has realised
it he is not a complete human being, has not entered into
possession of all his powers. It is therefore the function of a
practical mysticism to increase, not diminish, the total efficiency,
the wisdom and steadfastness, of those who try to practise it. It
will help them to enter, more completely than ever before, into
the life of the group to which they belong. It will teach them to
see the world in a truer proportion, discerning eternal beauty
beyond and beneath apparent ruthlessness. It will educate them in
a charity free from all taint of sentimentalism; it will confer on
them an unconquerable hope; and assure them that still, even in
the hour of greatest desolation, "There lives the dearest freshness
deep down things." As a contribution, then, to these purposes,
this little book is now published. It is addressed neither to the
learned nor to the devout, who are already in possession of a
wide literature dealing from many points of view with the
experiences and philosophy of the mystics. Such readers are
warned that they will find here nothing but the re-statement of
elementary and familiar propositions, and invitations to a
discipline immemorially old. Far from presuming to instruct
those to whom first-hand information is both accessible and
palatable, I write only for the larger class which, repelled by the
formidable appearance of more elaborate works on the subject,
would yet like to know what is meant by mysticism, and what it
has to offer to the average man: how it helps to solve his
problems, how it harmonises with the duties and ideals of his
active life. For this reason, I presuppose in my readers no
knowledge whatever of the subject, either upon the philosophic,
religious, or historical side. Nor, since I wish my appeal to be
general, do I urge the special claim of any one theological
system, any one metaphysical school. I have merely attempted to
put the view of the universe and man's place in it which is
common to all mystics in plain and untechnical language: and to
suggest the practical conditions under which ordinary persons
may participate in their experience. Therefore the abnormal states
of consciousness which sometimes appear in connection with
mystical genius are not discussed: my business being confined to
the description of a faculty which all men possess in a greater or
less degree.
The reality and importance of this faculty are considered in the
first three chapters. In the fourth and fifth is described the
preliminary training of attention necessary for its use; in the
sixth, the general self-discipline and attitude toward life which it
involves. The seventh, eighth, and ninth chapters treat in an
elementary way of the three great forms of contemplation; and in
the tenth, the practical value of the life in which they have been
actualised is examined. Those kind enough to attempt the perusal
of the book are begged to read the first sections with some
attention before passing to the latter part.
E. U.
_September_ 12, 1914.
CHAPTER I
WHAT IS MYSTICISM?
Those who are interested in that special attitude towards the
universe which is now loosely called "mystical," find themselves
beset by a multitude of persons who are constantly asking--some
with real fervour, some with curiosity, and some with disdain--
"What _is_ mysticism?" When referred to the writings of the
mystics themselves, and to other works in which this question
appears to be answered, these people reply that such books are
wholly incomprehensible to them.
On the other hand, the genuine inquirer will find before long a
number of self-appointed apostles who are eager to answer his
question in many strange and inconsistent ways, calculated to
increase rather than resolve the obscurity of his mind. He will
learn that mysticism is a philosophy, an illusion, a kind of
religion, a disease; that it means having visions, performing
conjuring tricks, leading an idle, dreamy, and selfish life,
neglecting one's business, wallowing in vague spiritual emotions,
and being "in tune with the infinite." He will discover that it
emancipates him from all dogmas--sometimes from all morality--
and at the same time that it is very superstitious. One expert tells
him that it is simply "Catholic piety," another that Walt Whitman
was a typical mystic; a third assures him that all mysticism comes
from the East, and supports his statement by an appeal to the
mango trick. At the end of a prolonged course of lectures,
sermons, tea-parties, and talks with earnest persons, the inquirer
is still heard saying--too often in tones of exasperation--"What
_is_ mysticism?"
I dare not pretend to solve a problem which has provided so
much good hunting in the past. It is indeed the object of this little
essay to persuade the practical man to the one satisfactory course:
that of discovering the answer for himself. Yet perhaps it will
give confidence if I confess pears to cover all the ground; or at
least, all that part of the ground which is worth covering. It will
hardly stretch to the mango trick; but it finds room at once for the
visionaries and the philosophers, for Walt Whitman and the
saints.
Here is the definition:--
_Mysticism is the art of union with Reality. The mystic is a
person who has attained that union in greater or less degree; or
who aims at and believes in such attainment_.
It is not expected that the inquirer will find great comfort in this
sentence when first it meets his eye. The ultimate question,
"What is Reality?"--a question, perhaps, which never occurred to
him before--is already forming in his mind; and he knows that it
will cause him infinite distress. Only a mystic can answer it:
and he, in terms which other mystics alone will understand.
Therefore, for the time being, the practical man may put it on one
side. All that he is asked to consider now is this: that the
word "union" represents not so much a rare and unimaginable
operation, as something which he is doing, in a vague, imperfect
fashion, at every moment of his conscious life; and doing with
intensity and thoroughness in all the more valid moments of that
life. We know a thing only by uniting with it; by assimilating it;
by an interpenetration of it and ourselves. It gives itself to us, just
in so far as we give ourselves to it; and it is because our outflow
towards things is usually so perfunctory and so languid, that our
comprehension of things is so perfunctory and languid too. The
great Sufi who said that "Pilgrimage to the place of the wise, is to
escape the flame of separation" spoke the literal truth. Wisdom is
the fruit of communion; ignorance the inevitable portion of those
who "keep themselves to themselves," and stand apart, judging,
analysing the things which they have never truly known.
Because he has surrendered himself to it, "united" with it, the
patriot knows his country, the artist knows the subject of his art,
the lover his beloved, the saint his God, in a manner which is
inconceivable as well as unattainable by the looker-on. Real
knowledge, since it always implies an intuitive sympathy more or
less intense, is far more accurately suggested by the symbols of
touch and taste than by those of hearing and sight. True, analytic
thought follows swiftly upon the contact, the apprehension,
the union: and we, in our muddle-headed way, have persuaded
ourselves that this is the essential part of knowledge--that it is, in
fact, more important to cook the hare than to catch it. But when
we get rid of this illusion and go back to the more primitive
activities through which our mental kitchen gets its supplies, we
see that the distinction between mystic and non-mystic is not
merely that between the rationalist and the dreamer, between
intellect and intuition. The question which divides them is really
this: What, out of the mass of material offered to it, shall
consciousness seize upon--with what aspects of the universe shall
it "unite"?
It is notorious that the operations of the average human
consciousness unite the self, not with things as they really are,
but with images, notions, aspects of things. The verb "to be,"
which he uses so lightly, does not truly apply to any of the
objects amongst which the practical man supposes himself to
dwell. For him the hare of Reality is always ready-jugged: he
conceives not the living lovely, wild, swift-moving creature
which has been sacrificed in order that he may be fed on the
deplorable dish which he calls "things as they really are." So
complete, indeed, is the separation of his consciousness from the
facts of being, that he feels no sense of loss. He is happy enough
"understanding," garnishing, assimilating the carcass from which
the principle of life and growth has been ejected, and whereof
only the most digestible portions have been retained. He is not
"mystical."
But sometimes it is suggested to him that his knowledge is not
quite so thorough as he supposed. Philosophers in particular have
a way of pointing out its clumsy and superficial character; of
demonstrating the fact that he habitually mistakes his own private
sensations for qualities inherent in the mysterious objects of the
external world. From those few qualities of colour, size, texture,
and the rest, which his mind has been able to register and
classify, he makes a label which registers the sum of his own
experiences. This he knows, with this he "unites"; for it is his
own creature. It is neat, flat, unchanging, with edges well
defined: a thing one can trust. He forgets the existence of other
conscious creatures, provided with their own standards of reality.
Yet the sea as the fish feels it, the borage as the bee sees it, the
intricate sounds of the hedgerow as heard by the rabbit, the
impact of light on the eager face of the primrose, the landscape as
known in its vastness to the wood-louse and ant--all these
experiences, denied to him for ever, have just as much claim to
the attribute of Being as his own partial and subjective
interpretations of things.
Because mystery is horrible to us, we have agreed for the most
part to live in a world of labels; to make of them the current coin
of experience, and ignore their merely symbolic character, the
infinite gradation of values which they misrepresent. We simply
do not attempt to unite with Reality. But now and then that
symbolic character is suddenly brought home to us. Some great
emotion, some devastating visitation of beauty, love, or pain, lifts
us to another level of consciousness; and we are aware for a
moment of the difference between the neat collection of discrete
objects and experiences which we call the world, and the height,
the depth, the breadth of that living, growing, changing Fact, of
which thought, life, and energy are parts, and in which we "live
and move and have our being." Then we realise that our whole
life is enmeshed in great and living forces; terrible because
unknown. Even the power which lurks in every coal-scuttle,
shines in the electric lamp, pants in the motor-omnibus, declares
itself in the ineffable wonders of reproduction and growth, is
supersensual. We do but perceive its results. The more sacred
plane of life and energy which seems to be manifested in
the forces we call "spiritual" and "emotional"--in love,
anguish, ecstasy, adoration--is hidden from us too. Symptoms,
appearances, are all that our intellects can discern: sudden
irresistible inroads from it, all that our hearts can apprehend. The
material for an intenser life, a wider, sharper consciousness, a
more profound understanding of our own existence, lies at our
gates. But we are separated from it, we cannot assimilate it;
except in abnormal moments, we hardly know that it is. We now
begin to attach at least a fragmentary meaning to the statement
that "mysticism is the art of union with Reality." We see that the
claim of such a poet as Whitman to be a mystic lies in the fact
that he has achieved a passionate communion with deeper levels
of life than those with which we usually deal--has thrust past the
current notion to the Fact: that the claim of such a saint as Teresa
is bound up with her declaration that she has achieved union with
the Divine Essence itself. The visionary is a mystic when his
vision mediates to him an actuality beyond the reach of the
senses. The philosopher is a mystic when he passes beyond
thought
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Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Janet Blenkinship
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net
[Illustration: "That gardening is best... which best ministers to man's
felicity with least disturbance of nature's freedom."
This is my study. The tree in the middle of the picture is Barrie's elm.
I once lifted it between my thumb and finger, but I was younger and the
tree was smaller. The dark tree in the foreground on the right is Felix
Adler's hemlock. [Page 82]]
THE AMATEUR GARDEN
BY
GEORGE W. CABLE
ILLUSTRATED
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
NEW YORK: MCMXIV
_Copyright, 1914, by_
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
_Published October, 1914_
CONTENTS
PAGE
MY OWN ACRE 1
THE AMERICAN GARDEN 41
WHERE TO PLANT WHAT 79
THE COTTAGE GARDENS OF NORTHAMPTON 107
THE PRIVATE GARDEN'S PUBLIC VALUE 129
THE MIDWINTER GARDENS OF NEW ORLEANS 163
ILLUSTRATIONS
"That gardening is best... which best ministers to man's
felicity with least disturbance of nature's freedom" _Frontis_
"... that suddenly falling wooded and broken ground where Mill
River loiters through Paradise" 6
"On this green of the dryads... lies My Own Acre" 8
"The beautiful mill-pond behind its high dam keeps the river full
back to the rapids just above My Own Acre" 12
"A fountain... where one,--or two,--can sit and hear it whisper" 22
"The bringing of the grove out on the lawn and the pushing of
the lawn in under the grove was one of the early tasks of My
Own Acre" 24
"Souvenir trees had from time to time been planted on the lawn
by visiting friends" 26
"How the words were said which some of the planters spoke" 28
"'Where are you going?' says the eye. 'Come and see,' says the
roaming line" 34
"The lane is open to view from end to end. It has two deep bays
on the side nearest the lawn" 36
"... until the house itself seems as naturally... to grow up
out of the garden as the high keynote rises at the end
of a lady's song" 48
"Beautiful results may be got on smallest grounds" 52
"Muffle your architectural angles in foliage and bloom" 52
Fences masked by shrubbery 64
After the first frost annual plantings cease to be attractive 72
Shrubbery versus annuals 72
Shrubs are better than annuals for masking right angles. South
Hall, Williston Seminary 74
"... a line of shrubbery swinging in and out in strong, graceful
undulations" 74
"However enraptured of wild nature you may be, you do and must
require of her some subserviency about your own dwelling" 84
"Plant it where it will best enjoy itself" 86
"... climaxes to be got by superiority of stature, by darkness and
breadth of foliage and by splendor of bloom belong at its far
end" 94
"Some clear disclosure of charm still remote may beckon and lure" 96
"... tall, rectangular, three-story piles... full of windows
all of one size, pigeon-house style" 100
"You can make gardening a
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E-text prepared by Joseph E. Loewenstein, M.D.
LINDA TRESSEL
by
ANTHONY TROLLOPE
First published anonymously in serial form October, 1867,
through May, 1868, in _Blackwood's Magazine_ and in book form
in 1868. Trollope's authorship was acknowledged when the book
was re-published a decade later.
CHAPTER I
The troubles and sorrows of Linda Tressel, who is the heroine of the
little story now about to be told, arose from the too rigid virtue
of her nearest and most loving friend,--as troubles will sometimes
come from rigid virtue when rigid virtue is not accompanied by sound
sense, and especially when it knows little or nothing of the softness
of mercy.
The nearest and dearest friend of Linda Tressel was her aunt, the
widow Staubach--Madame Charlotte Staubach, as she had come to be
called in the little town of Nuremberg where she lived. In Nuremberg
all houses are picturesque, but you shall go through the entire city
and find no more picturesque abode than the small red house with the
three gables close down by the river-side in the Schuett island--the
little island made by the river Pegnitz in the middle of the town.
They who have seen the widow Staubach's house will have remembered
it, not only because of its bright colour and its sharp gables,
but also because of the garden which runs between the house and
the water's edge. And yet the garden was no bigger than may often
nowadays be seen in the balconies of the mansions of Paris and of
London. Here Linda Tressel lived with her aunt, and here also Linda
had been born.
Linda was the orphan of Herr Tressel, who had for many years been
what we may call town-clerk to the magistrates of Nuremberg. Chance
in middle life had taken him to Cologne--a German city indeed, as was
his own, but a city so far away from Nuremberg that its people and
its manners were as strange to him as though he had gone beyond the
reach of his own mother-tongue. But here he had married, and from
Cologne had brought home his bride to the picturesque, red, gabled
house by the water's side in his own city. His wife's only sister had
also married, in her own town; and that sister was the virtuous but
rigid aunt Charlotte, to live with whom had been the fate in life of
Linda Tressel.
It need not be more than told in the fewest words that the town-clerk
and the town-clerk's wife both died when Linda was but an infant, and
that the husband of her aunt Charlotte died also. In Nuremberg there
is no possession so much coveted and so dearly loved as that of the
house in which the family lives. Herr Tressel had owned the house
with the three gables, and so had his father before him, and to the
father it had come from an uncle whose name had been different,--and
to him from some other relative. But it was an old family property,
and, like other houses in Nuremberg, was to be kept in the hands of
the family while the family might remain, unless some terrible ruin
should supervene.
When Linda was but six years old, her aunt, the widow, came to
Nuremberg to inhabit the house which the Tressels had left as an only
legacy to their daughter; but it was understood when she did so that
a right of living in the house for the remainder of her days was to
belong to Madame Staubach because of the surrender she thus made
of whatever of a home was then left to her in Cologne. There was
probably no deed executed to this effect; nor would it have been
thought that any deed was necessary. Should Linda Tressel, when
years had rolled on, be taken as a wife, and should the husband
live in the red house, there would still be room for Linda's aunt.
And by no husband in Nuremberg, who should be told that such an
arrangement had been anticipated, would such an arrangement be
opposed. Mothers-in-law, aunts, maiden sisters, and dependent female
relatives, in all degrees, are endured with greater patience and
treated with a gentler hand in patient Bavaria than in some lands
farther west where life is faster, and in which men's shoulders
are more easily galled by slight burdens. And as poor little Linda
Tressel had no other possession but the house, as all other income,
slight as it might be, was to be brought with her by aunt Charlotte,
aunt Charlotte had at least a right to the free use of the roof over
her head. It is necessary that so much should be told; but Linda's
troubles did not come from the divided right which she had in her
father's house. Linda's troubles, as has before been said, sprang not
from her aunt's covetousness, but from her aunt's virtue--perhaps we
might more truly say, from her aunt's religion.
Nuremberg is one of those German cities in which a stranger finds it
difficult to understand the religious idiosyncrasies of the people.
It is in Bavaria, and Bavaria, as he knows, is Roman Catholic. But
Nuremberg is Protestant, and the stranger, when he visits the two
cathedrals--those of St. Sebald and St. Lawrence--finds it hard to
believe that they should not be made to resound with masses, so like
are they in all respects to other Romanist cathedrals which he has
seen. But he is told that they are Lutheran and Protestant, and he
is obliged to make himself aware that the prevailing religion of
Nuremberg is Lutheran, in spite of what to him are the Catholic
appearances of the churches. Now the widow Staubach was among
Protestants the most Protestant, going far beyond the ordinary
amenities of Lutheran teaching, as at present taught, in her
religious observances, her religious loves, and her religious
antipathies. The ordinary Lutheran of the German cities does not wear
his religion very conspicuously. It is not a trouble to him in his
daily life, causing him to live in terror as to the life to come.
That it is a comfort to him let us not doubt. But it has not on him
generally that outward, ever palpable, unmistakable effect, making
its own of his gait, his countenance, his garb, his voice, his words,
his eyes, his thoughts, his clothes, his very sneeze, his cough, his
sighs, his groans, which is the result of Calvinistic impressions
thoroughly brought home to the mind and lovingly entertained in the
heart. Madame Staubach was in truth a German Anabaptist, but it will
be enough for us to say that her manners and gait were the manners
and gait of a Calvinist.
While Linda Tressel was a child she hardly knew that her aunt was
peculiar in her religious ideas. That mode of life which comes to a
child comes naturally, and Linda, though she was probably not allowed
to play as freely as did the other bairns around her, though she
was taken more frequently to the house of worship which her aunt
frequented, and targed more strictly in the reading of godly books,
did not know till she was a child no longer, that she was subjected
to harder usage than others endured. But when Linda was eleven, the
widow was persuaded by a friend that it was her duty to send her
niece to school; and when Linda at sixteen ceased to be a school
girl, she had learned to think that the religion of her aunt's
neighbours was a more comfortable religion than that practised by
her aunt; and when she was eighteen, she had further learned to
think that the life of certain neighbour girls was a pleasanter life
than her own. When she was twenty, she had studied the subject more
deeply, and had told herself that though her spirit was prone to
rebel against her aunt, that though she would fain have been allowed
to do as did other girls of twenty, yet she knew her aunt to be a
good woman, and knew that it behoved her to obey. Had not her aunt
come all the way from Cologne, from the distant city of Rhenish
Prussia, to live in Nuremberg for her sake, and should she be
unfaithful and rebellious? Now Madame Staubach understood and
appreciated the proneness to rebellion in her niece's heart, but did
not quite understand, and perhaps could not appreciate, the attempt
to put down that rebellion which the niece was ever making from day
to day.
I have said that the widow Staubach had brought with her to Nuremberg
some income upon which to live in the red house with the three
gables. Some small means of her own she possessed, some few hundred
florins a-year, which were remitted to her punctually from Cologne;
but this would not have sufficed even for the moderate wants of
herself, her niece, and of the old maid Tetchen, who lived with them,
and who had lived with Linda's mother
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SUMMER CRUISE
IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN.
SUMMER CRUISE
IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN
ON BOARD AN AMERICAN FRIGATE.
BY
N. PARKER WILLIS.
LONDON:
T. BOSWORTH, 215, REGENT STREET.
1853.
LONDON:
BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS
PREFACE.
* * * * *
Of one of the most delicious episodes in a long period of foreign
travel, this volume is the imperfect and hastily written transcript.
Even at the time it was written, the author felt its experience to be a
dream—so exempt was it from the interrupting and qualifying drawbacks
of happiness in common and working life—but, now, after an interval of
many years, it seems indeed like a dream, and one so full of unmingled
pleasure, that its telling almost wants the contrast of a sadness. Of
the noble ship, whose summer cruise is described, and her kind and
hospitable officers, the recollection is as fresh and grateful now, as
when, (twenty years ago,) the author bade them farewell in the port of
Smyrna. Of the scenes he passed through, while their guest, he has a
less perfect remembrance—relying indeed on these chance memoranda, for
much that would else be forgotten. It is with a mingled sense of the
real and the unreal, therefore, that the book is offered, in a new
shape, to the Public, whose approbation has encouraged its long
existence, and the author trusts that his thanks to the surviving
officers of that ship may again reach them, and that the kind favour of
the reading Public may be again extended to this his record of what he
saw in the company of these officers, and by their generous hospitality.
HIGHLAND TERRACE,
_October, 1852_.
CONTENTS.
* * * * *
LETTER I.
Cruise in the Frigate “United States”—Elba—Piombino—Porto
Ferrajo—Appearance of the Bay—Naval Discipline—Visit to the
Town Residence of Napoleon—His Employment during his
Confinement on the Island—His sisters Eliza and Pauline—His
Country House—Simplicity of the Inhabitants of Elba 1
LETTER II.
Visit to Naples, Herculaneum, and Pompeii 7
LETTER III.
Account of Vesuvius—The Hermitage—The famous Lagrima
Christi—Difficulties of the Path—Curious Appearance of the Old
Crater—Odd Assemblage of Travellers—The New Crater—Splendid
Prospect—Mr. Mathias, Author of the Pursuits of Literature—The
Archbishop of Tarento 16
LETTER IV.
The Fashionable World of Naples at the Races—Brilliant Show of
Equipages—The King and his Brother—Rank and Character of the
Jockeys—Description of the Races—The Public Burial Ground at
Naples—Horrid and inhuman Spectacles—The Lazzaroni—The Museum
at Naples—Ancient Relics from Pompeii—Forks not used by the
Ancients—The Lamp lit at the time of our Saviour—The antique
Chair of Sallust—The Villa of Cicero—The Balbi Family—Bacchus
on the Shoulders of a Faun—Gallery of Dians, Cupids, Joves,
Mercuries, and Apollos, Statue of Aristides, &c. 23
LETTER V.
Pæstum—Temple of Neptune—Departure from Elba—Ischia—Bay of
Naples—The Toledo—The Young Queen—Conspiracy against the
King—Neapolitans Visiting the Frigates—Leave the
Bay—Castellamare 32
LETTER VI.
Baiæ—Grotto of Posilipo—Tomb of Virgil—Pozzuoli—Ruins of the
Temple of Jupiter Serapis—The Lucrine Lake—Late of Avernus,
the Tartarus of Virgil—Temple of Proserpine—Grotto of the
Cumæan Sybil—Nero’s villa—Cape of Misenum—Roman villas—Ruins
of the Temple of Venus—-Cento Camerelle—The Stygian Lake—The
Elysian Fields—Grotto del Cane—Villa of Lucullus 38
LETTER VII.
Island of Sicily—Palermo—Saracenic appearance of the
town—Cathedral—The Marina—Viceroy Leopold—Monastery of the
Capuchins—Celebrated Catacombs—Fanciful Gardens 45
LETTER VIII.
The Lunatic Asylum at Palermo 51
LETTER IX.
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THE DIVINE COMEDY
THE VISION
OF
HELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE
BY
DANTE ALIGHIERI
PARADISE
Complete
TRANSLATED BY
THE REV. H. F. CARY, M.A.
PARADISE
LIST OF CANTOS
Canto 1
Canto 2
Canto 3
Canto 4
Canto 5
Canto 6
Canto 7
Canto 8
Canto 9
Canto 10
Canto 11
Canto 12
Canto 13
Canto 14
Canto 15
Canto 16
Canto 17
Canto 18
Canto 19
Canto 20
Canto 21
Canto 22
Canto 23
Canto 24
Canto 25
Canto 26
Canto 27
Canto 28
Canto 29
Canto 30
Canto 31
Canto 32
Canto 33
CANTO I
His glory, by whose might all things are mov'd,
Pierces the universe, and in one part
Sheds more resplendence, elsewhere less. In heav'n,
That largeliest of his light partakes, was I,
Witness of things, which to relate again
Surpasseth power of him who comes from thence;
For that, so near approaching its desire
Our intellect is to such depth absorb'd,
That memory cannot follow. Nathless all,
That in my thoughts I of that sacred realm
Could store, shall now be matter of my song.
Benign Apollo! this last labour aid,
And make me such a vessel of thy worth
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produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Breeding Minks in Louisiana
FOR THEIR FUR
A Profitable Industry
[Illustration]
BY
WILLIAM ANDRE ELFER
FOR SALE BY THE
GESSNER CO.,
611 CANAL ST., NEW ORLEANS, LA.
COPYRIGHTED
BY
W. A. ELFER
1909
Press of J. G. Hauser
"The Legal Printer"
620-622 Poydras St.
New Orleans
PREFACE
This little volume is issued in illustration of the feasibility of
breeding minks in Louisiana for their fur. It is the result of
experiments conducted by the author himself, and he feels that it
should be of interest to many and of value to the few who are looking
for fields for profitable investment. It is the author's aim to issue
a more elaborate work on the same subject sometime during the early
part of next year.
W. A. E.
[Illustration: A Louisiana Mink. Notice the Small Eyes, and the Low,
Rounded Ears, Scarcely Projecting Beyond the Adjacent Fur.]
For the following description of the American mink I am indebted to
the Encyclopaedia Britannica:
"In size it much resembles the English polecat--the length of the
head and body being usually from fifteen to eighteen inches
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produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CROWELL’S TRAVEL BOOKS
=RAMBLES IN SPAIN.= By JOHN D. FITZGERALD. Map and 135
illustrations. 8vo, $3.00 net. (Postage, 30 cents.)
=SWITZERLAND.= Its Scenery, History, and Literary
Associations. By OSCAR KUHNS. Map and 32 illustrations.
8vo, $2.00 net. (Postage, 20 cents.)
=A MEXICAN JOURNEY.= By E. H. BLICHFELDT. Map and 32
illustrations, 8vo, $2.00 net. (Postage, 20 cents.)
=THROUGH SOUTH AMERICA.= By H. W. VAN <DW18>. Introduction by
Hon. John Barrett. Map and 32 illustrations. 8vo, $2.00
net. (Postage, 20 cents.)
=CHOSEN DAYS IN SCOTLAND.= By JOSEPHINE HELENA SHORT. Map
and 32 illustrations. 8vo, $2.00 net. (Postage, 20
cents.)
=FROM GRETNA GREEN TO LAND’S END.= By KATHARINE LEE BATES.
32 illustrations. 8vo, $2.00 net. (Postage, 20 cents.)
=GEORGE ELIOT.= Scenes and People in her Novels. By CHARLES
S. OLCOTT. 24 illustrations. 8vo, $2.00 net. (Postage,
20 cents.)
=OBERAMMERGAU.= By JOSEPHINE HELENA SHORT. 32 illustrations.
12mo, $1.00 net. (Postage, 10 cents.)
THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY
[Illustration: _See page 125._
“THE SOLDIER’S LEAP”—GORGE IN THE ANDES, ACROSS WHICH ONE
OF O’HIGGINS’S CAVALRY LEAPED HIS HORSE TO ESCAPE
THE ROYALISTS.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THROUGH
SOUTH AMERICA
BY
HARRY WESTON VAN <DW18>
WITH INTRODUCTION BY
JOHN BARRETT
DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION
NEW YORK
THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
COPYRIGHT, 1912,
BY THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY.
_Published October, 1912._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO
MY FRIEND
JOHN BARRETT
IN TOKEN OF MY ESTEEM AND MY APPRECIATION OF
HIS MANY KINDNESSES
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
BY HON. JOHN BARRETT, DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION AND
FORMERLY UNITED STATES MINISTER TO ARGENTINA, PANAMA, AND
COLOMBIA
I have real pleasure in complying with the suggestion that I should
write an introduction to this interesting and instructive work by Mr.
Harry Weston Van <DW18>. As it was through me that he was led to make his
studies and investigations which resulted in the preparing of this book,
I naturally find much gratification in the success with which he has
handled the responsibility. No one can read his travel story of South
America without being impressed with the importance of these countries,
the enjoyment and value of visiting them, and the advantage of the
development of closer relations between all of them and the United
States.
As the executive officer of the Pan American Union, an international
organization maintained in Washington by all the American republics,
twenty-one in number, including the United States, for the advancement
of commerce, friendship, and peace among them all, it is my lot to
realize, possibly better than any one else, the remarkable growth of
interest which is being manifested now, not only throughout the United
States but in all parts of the world, in the countries of the southern
portions of the American continent commonly classed as Latin America.
When the Pan American Union was reorganized about five years ago, and it
began an active propaganda for making the twenty Latin American
republics better known in the United States, and correspondingly, the
United States better known among them, there was little cause for
encouragement. The average newspaper editor, the man in public life, the
manufacturer, the exporter, the importer, the traveler, and the student
seemed to be largely absorbed in studying and watching the development
of our commercial relations with Europe and the Orient, and not with
Latin America. The persistent and continued effort, however, of the Pan
American Union in educating the world to the importance of the Latin
American countries and to an appreciation of the commercial
opportunities and moral responsibilities of the United States
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file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
Transcriber's Note:
Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without
note. Variant spellings have been retained. Unique sidenotes have
been placed at the beginning of relevant paragraphs and are shown
within {braces}. The oe ligature is represented by [oe].
THE LETTERS
OF HER MOTHER
TO ELIZABETH
[Device]
JOHN LANE: THE BODLEY HEAD
LONDON & NEW YORK. _MDCCCCI_
_Copyright, 1901_
BY JOHN LANE
FIFTH EDITION
UNIVERSITY PRESS. JOHN WILSON
AND SON. CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.
NOTE
Every one who has read "The Visits of Elizabeth," in which a girl of
seventeen describes her adventures to her mother in a series of
entertaining and clever letters, has instinctively asked the question:
"What sort of woman was Elizabeth's Mother?"
Perhaps an answer that will satisfy all will be found in the following
"Letters of her Mother to Elizabeth."
THE LETTERS OF HER MOTHER TO ELIZABETH
LETTER I
MONK'S FOLLY, 27th July
DEAREST ELIZABETH:
I am glad you reached Nazeby without any mishap. Your letter was quite
refreshing, but, darling, do be more careful of your grammar. Remember,
one never talks grammar now-a-days in Society, it isn't done; it is
considered very Newnham and Girton and patronising, but one should
always know how to write one's language. Because the fashion might
change some day, and it would be so _parvenu_ to have to pick it up.
As I told you before you started on your round of visits, you will have
a capital opportunity of making a good match. You are young, very
pretty, of the bluest blood in the three kingdoms, and have a
fortune--to be sure this latter advantage, while it would be more than
a sufficient _dot_ to catch a twelfth-century French duke, would be
considered by an impecunious British peer quite beneath contempt. Your
trump card, Elizabeth, is your manner, and I count upon that to do more
for you than all the other attributes put together. Nature and my
training have made you a perfect specimen of an _ingenue_, and I beseech
you, darling, do me credit. Please forgive the coarseness of what I have
said, it is only a little plain speaking between us; I shan't refer to
it again; I know I can trust you.
{_These Horrid Smiths_}
From what you write I gather that the Marquis of Valmond is _epris_ with
Mrs. Smith. Horrid woman! the Chevingtons have met her. Mrs. Chevington
was here this morning to enquire after my neuralgia. She said that Mr.
Smith met his wife in Johannesburg five years ago before he "arrived."
He used to wear overalls, and carry a pick on his shoulder, and spent
his days digging in the earth, but he stopped at sunset, as I should
think he well might, and invariably went to the same inn to refresh
himself, where Mrs. Smith's mother cooked his dinner and Mrs. Smith
herself gave him what she called a "corpse-reviver" from behind the bar.
At night, a great many men who dug in the earth with Mr. Smith would
come for "corpse-revivers," and they called Mrs. Smith "Polly," and the
mother "old girl." And one day Mr. Smith found a nugget as big as a
roc's egg when he was digging in the earth, and after that he stopped.
The funny part was that "Polly" always said he would never find
anything, and he had a wager with her that if he did she should marry
him. So that is the story of their courtship and marriage, and they have
millions. Mrs. Chevington vouches for the truth of it all, for Algy
Chevington was out in Johannesburg at the time, and he dug in the same
hole with Mr. Smith and knows all about him and "Polly," only Algy never
found anything, for the flowers in Mrs. Chevington's hat were in the
bonnet she wore all last spring. But let us leave these horrid Smiths; I
am sure they are horrid. I can't understand how Lady Cecilia puts up
with them. Mrs. Chevington says she hears Sir Trevor is one of the
directors in the Yerburg Mine. Algy called him a guinea-pig, and said he
wished he was one.
{_An Eligible Parti_}
Lord Valmond has fifty thousand a year and six places besides the house
in Grosvenor Square. You will hardly meet a more eligible _parti_; I
hear he is very fast; they say he gave Betty Milbanke, the snake-dancer
at the Palace, all the diamonds she wears. If he is anything like his
father was, he must be both good-looking and fascinating. The late
Marquis was the handsomest man save one that I have ever seen, and could
have married any of the Duchess of Rougemont's daughters if he had been
a valet instead of a marquis, and the Duchess was the proudest woman in
England. The girl who gets this Valmond will not only be lucky but
clever; the way to attract him is to snub him; the fools that have
hitherto angled for him have always put cake on their hooks; but, if I
were fishing in the water in which My Lord Valmond disported himself, I
should bait my hook with a common worm. It is something he has never
yet seen.
{_The African Millionaire_}
Tell me more about Mr. Wertz, the African millionaire; is he the man who
is building the Venetian _palazzo_ in Belgrave Square? If so, it was
rumoured last season that he was to be made a baron. They blackballed
him at the Jockey Club in Paris, and even the Empire nobility who live
in _appartements_ in the Champs Elysees refused to know him; that is why
he came to England. He is a gentleman, if he is a Jew; the family belong
to the tribe of Levi. Algy Chevington, who knows everything about
everybody, says his Holbeins are priceless, and that the Pope offered to
make him a Papal Count if he would part with a "Flight into Egypt" known
as the Wertz Raphael. But of course even a knighthood is better than a
Papal Count, and if Mr. Wertz gives his Holbeins to the National Gallery
he is sure to be created something.
You cannot be too careful of the unmarried girls you know; Miss La
Touche is certainly not the sort of person for you to be intimate with.
The Rooses, of course, are quite correct, they will make capital foils
for you; beside Jane Roose is amiable, and has been out so many seasons
that her advice will be useful. Be sure, however, to do the very
opposite to what she tells you.
{_Lady Beatrice Carterville_}
If the weather is fine to-morrow, I am going to drive over in the
afternoon to call on Lady Beatrice Carterville. She has a house-party,
and the people who come to her are sure to be odd and amusing. My
neuralgia has been better these last few days. The things I ordered from
Paquin have come at last; the mauve crepe de chine with the valenciennes
lace flounces is lovely; the hat and parasol are creations, as the
Society papers say. Love to Lady Cecilia and the tips of my fingers to
Sir Trevor.--Your dearest Mamma.
LETTER II
MONK'S FOLLY, 29th July
DARLING ELIZABETH:
{_Lady Beatrice's Tea_}
{_A Live Authoress_}
I felt so well yesterday that I drove over in the afternoon to Lady
Beatrice's to tea. I felt I must show myself as Paquin made me to
someone. It was so warm that tea was served on the terrace; the view of
the Quantocks steaming in the distance over the tops of the oaks in the
park was charming. There were a great many people present, and when I
arrived, Lady Beatrice exclaimed at the courage I showed in coming when
the sun was so hot and the road so dusty. She presided at the tea-table
in white pique and a sailor hat which rested on the bridge of her nose.
She is as fat as Lady Theodosia Doran and plays tennis; the rouge on her
neck had stained her collar, quite a four-inch collar too, and there
were finger marks of rouge on her bodice. She introduces everybody,
which, while it is not the thing, certainly makes one more comfortable
than the fashion at present in vogue. I always like to know the names
of the people I am talking to. Everybody talked about the weather and
the dust, and it was deadly dull till Lady Beatrice said she wanted to
play tennis. She went off to play singles with Mr. Frame, the Low Church
curate, and looked so funny, bounding about the lawn like a big rubber
ball, that I nearly screamed. Most of the people strolled up and down
the terrace, or leaned over the balustrade above the lake. I sat under
my parasol in a Madeira chair, and was talked to by such a curious
woman, a Mrs. Beverley Fruit. It was interesting to meet a real live
authoress after having read her works. I remember when Mrs. Fruit's
first novel came out ten years ago it created a great sensation, but I
must confess the sensation was confined to middle-class people and the
Universities. Of course, everybody in Society bought it. It was all
about Radicals and a silly Low Church curate who threw up his living
because he didn't believe in God, and went to London and lived in the
slums. Mr. Gladstone wrote a review of it, and they dramatised it in
America. Mrs. Fruit has since written several other books, and each one
is more bitter against Society than the last, so you may fancy how
nervous I felt at being left with such a woman. But, darling, she isn't
at all like her books. I was quite charmed with her; she was dressed so
well, and looked quite like a lady; she lives in Berkeley Square and has
a place in Essex. In the last election she canvassed the county for the
Conservatives, and the Duchess of Rougemont is very, very fond of her.
Lady Beatrice tells me that Mrs. Beverley Fruit's son, who is private
secretary to a Cabinet Minister, is actually going to marry one of the
Duchess's daughters, Lady Mabel, the one with the projecting teeth and
the squint. And I am sure I think it is very brave of Mr. Fruit Junior,
for Lady Mabel is both ugly and stupid. However, the connection is a
good one for the Fruits, who have made their fortune out of books, which
I think is decidedly less vulgar than pale ale or furniture. Mrs. Fruit
is staying with Lady Beatrice.
{_Lady Ann Fairfax_}
Lady Ann Fairfax, the _Daily Sensation's_ War correspondent, is also
stopping at Braxome Towers. She told me that she had been through three
sieges, and never felt happier than when "sniping," whatever that may
be. She lived three months in a bomb-proof shelter on quarter rations,
was once taken prisoner, and when exchanged was sent through the lines
barefoot and with only a blanket round her. She is bringing out a book
to be called "What I have been through," and I shall certainly buy it.
She is rather pretty and dresses beautifully, and is very amusing; you
could listen to her for hours; her stories are like shilling shockers,
with a bit of Henty thrown in to give them style. She was quite breezy,
and I was sorry when Lady Beatrice shouted triumphantly, "Six love, Mr.
Frame!" and came up puffing like a porpoise, her hair soppy on the
temples and gutters on her cheeks.
Lady Beatrice was in an awfully good humour, for Mr. Frame beat the
Somerset champion last week, but, poor man! he would not dare to even
dream of beating Lady Beatrice. She only suffers him to eat her
cucumber sandwiches and drink her Mazawattee for the pleasure of beating
him.
The drive home in the twilight was very pleasant. I brought Captain
Bennett of the Coldstreams and the Earl of Mortimer as far as the Club
in Taunton. They are playing for Gloucester, but, as I dislike cricket
as much as you do, I shan't go to see the match. I know my frock was
admired at Braxome to-day; poor Mr. Frame, who sat and ate ices near me
after his thrashing, would never meet my glance directly, and I
overheard Lady Beatrice tell Mrs. Beverley Fruit that I spent altogether
too much on dress, while Lady Beatrice always looks as if she considered
the expenditure of a five-pound note on her person an extravagance.
Dear, dear Paquin!
{_The Missing Handkerchief_}
I am awfully provoked with myself, the lace handkerchief I wore to-day
is missing. I am sure it was in my hand when we left Braxome, for I
remember sniffing "parfum d'Arabie" in the carriage. It is really quite
provoking.--Your dearest Mamma.
* * * * *
{_The Handkerchief Found_}
_P. S._--I have just received a note from Captain Bennett saying he
found my handkerchief sticking to his coat when he got into the Club,
and asking if he may restore it to me in person to-morrow.
LETTER III
MONK'S FOLLY, 1st August
DEAREST ELIZABETH:
{_A Mature Young Man_}
_L'ingenue va bien._ I am so glad you managed to put that odious Mrs.
Smith in her place. It is really too revolutionary to be forced to
accept such people, but what you tell me about her and Lord Valmond
surprises me. I can quite understand a woman of her stamp liking the
admiration of Valmond, for he is young and good-looking, and a marquis,
but what can he see in her? He is one of those young men who mature
quickly; at fifteen he could tell whether a woman put on her chemise or
her petticoat first, and at one and twenty he knew the Rake's Catechism
by heart. But I have always heard that he was intelligent, and his
people were never afraid of his doing something foolish. He takes his
_menus plaisirs_ like a gentleman, but why he should be so devoted to
this Mrs. Smith I cannot conceive. She is not pretty, she is not witty;
Lord Valmond is rich, surely he does not want to borrow money from her.
I shall be glad when you leave Nazeby Hall; it is one thing to catch a
marquis, and another thing to get scratched in the effort. You must
leave at once, otherwise you will be forced to play your trump card--the
art of being an _ingenue_. Leave at once, Valmond will be sure to
follow. The slap on the cheek was excellent; no man ever forgets a woman
who has left the print of her fingers on his face, he will either hate
her or love her. If the man _is_ a man and was in the wrong, he will be
forced to admire the woman who could protect herself against him. Leave
Nazeby, Elizabeth; Valmond is a man and a gentleman, let him know that
you are a lady and virtuous.
{_The Handkerchief Returned_}
{_Captain Bennett_}
This morning, just before lunch, Fifine and I were dozing on the lawn
under the big Japanese umbrella, when James came to tell me that Captain
Bennett was in the drawing-room. Of course he came to return my
handkerchief--it was very polite of him to bring it himself, especially
as he rode all the way from Taunton in a blazing sun, along a road
lying under nearly a foot of dust. Naturally, I could not let him go
back without lunch, and afterwards, when I thought he would go, he asked
me to let him look over my songs, as he wanted something to sing at a
smoker to-night, which the Yeomanry are giving for him and the Earl of
Mortimer. He tried nearly all, and tea was brought in before he got one
to suit his voice, which is really a very good one. He is a very
gentlemanly man, and has a shy way of looking at one, that is quite
naive in a soldier. He wouldn't believe me when I told him I had a
daughter seventeen, until I showed him your photograph. He seemed so
astonished that I was obliged to tax him with being extremely ungallant.
I asked him if he expected a woman to be old at thirty-five because she
happened to marry at seventeen, and he gave me such a look that I felt
quite uncomfortable. His eyes were not at all shy, but looked like
sparks of blue fire. Just then there was the sound of a carriage driving
up, and Mrs. Chevington and the Blaine girls rushed into the room. Fell
in would be more correct, for so few Englishwomen know how to enter a
room quickly and gracefully. They didn't know Captain Bennett, and as I
thought I had had enough of him for one day, I wouldn't introduce him.
He has a horrid way of shaking hands, and left the print of my opal ring
on my middle finger. I told him to keep the songs as long as he wished,
but he is so awfully polite he said he would return them to-morrow. When
he had gone, Daisy Blaine asked me if I had heard that he said in the
Taunton Club he intended to marry money, which I thought very spiteful
of her.
Mrs. Chevington
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SCHOOL ***
Produced by Al Haines.
BOBBY BLAKE
at Rockledge School
_By_
FRANK A. WARNER
_Author of_
"BOBBY BLAKE AT BASS COVE"
"BOBBY BLAKE ON A CRUISE," Etc.
WHITMAN PUBLISHING CO.
RACINE, WISCONSIN
Copyright, MCMXV, by
BARSE & CO.
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. "The Overland Limited"
II. Apples and Applethwaite Plunkit
III. Fred in Trouble
IV. An Eventful Afternoon
V. The Tale of a Scarecrow
VI. A Fish Fry and a Startling Announcement
VII. Financial Affairs
VIII. The Peep-Show
IX. Off for Rockledge
X. New Surroundings
XI. Getting Acquainted
XII. In the Dormitory
XIII. The Poguey Fight
XIV. The Honor Medal
XV. Getting Into Step
XVI. Hot Potatoes
XVII. Lost at Sea
XVIII. The Bloody Corner
XIX. The Result
XX. On the Brink of War
XXI. Give and Take
XXII. What Bobby Said
XXIII. Good News Travels Slowly
XXIV. Red Hair Stands for More Than Temper
XXV. The Winner
BOBBY BLAKE AT ROCKLEDGE SCHOOL
CHAPTER I
"THE OVERLAND LIMITED"
A boy of about ten, with a freckled face and fiery red hair cropped
close to his head, came doubtfully up the side porch steps of the Blake
house in Clinton and peered through the screen door at Meena, the
Swedish girl.
Meena was tall and rawboned, with very red elbows usually well
displayed, and her straw- hair was bound in a tight "pug" on top
of her long, narrow head. Meena had sharp blue eyes and she could see
boys a great way off.
"Mis' Blake--she ban gone out," said Meena, before the red-haired boy
could speak. "You vant somet'ing? No?"
"I--I was looking for Bobby," said the visitor, stammeringly. He and
Mrs. Blake's Swedish girl were not on good terms.
"I guess he ban gone out, too," said Meena, who did not want to be
"bothered mit boys."
The boy looked as though he thought she was a bad guesser! Somewhere
inside the house he heard a muffled voice. It shouted:
"Whoo! whoo! whoo-whoo-who-o-o-o!"
The imitation of a steam whistle grew rapidly nearer. It seemed to be
descending from the roof of the house--and descending very swiftly.
Finally there came a decided bang--the landing of a pair of well-shod
feet on the rug--and the voice rang out:
"All out! All out for last stop! All out!"
"_That's_ Bobby," suggested the boy with the red hair, looking wistfully
into Meena's kitchen.
"Vell!" ejaculated the girl. "You go in by the dining-room door, I
guess. You not go to trapse through my clean kitchen. Vipe your feet,
boy!"
The boy did as he was bade, and opened the dining-room door. A steady
footstep was thumping overhead, rising into the upper regions of the
three-story house.
The red-haired youngster knew his way about this house just as well as
he knew his own. Only he tripped over a corner of the dining-room rug
and bumped into two chairs in the darkened living-room before he reached
the front hall.
This was wide and was lighted above by ground-glass oval windows on all
three flights of stairs. The mahogany balustrade was in a single smooth
spiral, broken by no ornament. It offered a tempting course from garret
to ground floor to any venturesome small boy.
"All aboard!" shouted the voice overhead.
"The Overland Limited," said the red-haired boy, grinning, and squinting
up the well.
"Ding-dong! ding-dong! All aboard for the Overland Limited! This way!
No stop between Denver and Chicago! All aboard!"
There was a scramble above and then the exhaust of the locomotive was
imitated in a thin, boyish treble:
"Sh-h! sh-h! sh-h! Choo! choo! choo! Ding-dong-ding! We're off--"
A figure a-straddle the broad banister-rail shot into view on the upper
flight. The momentum carried the boy around the first curve and to the
brink of the second pitch. Down that he sped like an arrow, and so
around to
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IN GOOD COMPANY
IN GOOD COMPANY
SOME PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF
SWINBURNE, LORD ROBERTS
WATTS-DUNTON, OSCAR WILDE
EDWARD WHYMPER, S. J. STONE
STEPHEN PHILLIPS
BY COULSON KERNAHAN
LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD
NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY MCMXVII
SECOND EDITION
WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD., PRINTERS, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND
TO
THE HON. MRS. ARTHUR HENNIKER
MY DEAR MRS. HENNIKER,
It is many years since we first met at the house of one whom we both
loved, whose memory we both cherish. It was that friend’s hope that
you and I should become, and should remain friends; and that the hope
has been realised has given me many happy hours--sometimes in your
company as my gracious hostess, sometimes, scarcely less closely in
your company, as a reader of your delightful and beautiful stories.
Were your gallant General--I remember how proud he was of those
stories--alive to-day, I should have asked to be allowed to dedicate
this book to the two of you. Now that--alas for the England that he
so faithfully loved, so nobly served--he is with us no more, may I
inscribe it to yourself and to his honoured memory?
Yours ever sincerely,
COULSON KERNAHAN.
FOREWORD
One of the subjects of these studies said in my hearing, that
“Recollections” are generally written by people who have either
entirely lost their memory, or have never, themselves, done anything
in life worth remembering.
To the second indictment I plead guilty, but my best excuse for the
publication of this volume is that I write while the first indictment
fails. My memory is still good, and the one thing which seems most
worth remembering in my life is my undeservedly fortunate friendships.
In writing of my friends and of those with whom I was associated,
I am, therefore, I believe, giving of my best. I ought to add that
these papers were penned for inclusion in a volume of frankly
personal and intimate “Recollections.” A work of that sort is the
one book of his life in which an author is allowed some freedom from
convention. That is why I hope to be pardoned should any passage,
letter, or incident in these pages seem too intimate or too personal.
The reason why the studies are printed separately is that the ship in
which I hope to carry the bulk of my threatened “Recollections” (if
ever that ship come to port) will be so heavily weighted a vessel,
that I am lightening it by unloading a portion of the cargo at the
friendly harbour of The Bodley Head.
To drop figurative language and to speak plainly, I may add that,
though there is some attempt at a more or less finished portrait in
some of my pen-pictures, that of Lord Roberts is no portrait, but
merely a chronicle. His personality, at least, is too well known and
loved to need either analysis or description.
The paper _When Stephen Phillips Read_, mere snapshot as it is of one
aspect of his personality, was not written for the present volume,
with which, indeed, it is hardly in keeping. I include it by the wish
of Mr. John Lane who, years hence, will be remembered as the faithful
friend, as well as the generous and discriminating admirer, of the
distinguished poet, of whose work it is his pride also to be the
publisher.
Mr. Lane was anxious--knowing that my friendship with the poet was
long and close--that I should write of Stephen Phillips as fully as
I have here written of some others; but it is only under impulse
that I seek to picture the inner self and personality of my friends,
and I cannot do so while the sense of loss is comparatively new. In
the case of two of whom I have thus written, many years had elapsed
before I put pen to paper.
At his best--as the three friends who made such unexampled and such
self-sacrificing efforts on his behalf, Sir Sidney and Lady Colvin
and Mr. Stephen Gwynn, will, I think, agree--there was something
approaching the godlike in Stephen Phillips. Of what was weak, and
worse, in him I need not here speak, since, because he so loathed
hypocrisy, he hid it from none.
One day I hope to show
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POLLY OF THE CIRCUS
By Margaret Mayo
To My "_KLEINE MUTTER_"
Chapter I
The band of the "Great American Circus" was playing noisily. The
performance was in full swing.
Beside a shabby trunk in the women's dressing tent sat a young,
wistful-faced girl, chin in hand, unheeding the chatter of the women
about her or the picturesque disarray of the surrounding objects. Her
eyes had been so long accustomed to the glitter and tinsel of circus
fineries that she saw nothing unusual in a picture that might have held
a painter spellbound.
Circling the inside of the tent and forming a double line down the
centre were partially unpacked trunks belching forth impudent masses
of satins, laces, artificial hair, paper flowers, and paste jewels.
The scent of moist earth mingled oddly with the perfumed odours of the
garments heaped on the grass. Here and there high circles of lights
threw a strong, steady glare upon the half-clad figure of a robust
acrobat, or the thin, drooping shoulders of a less stalwart sister.
Temporary ropes stretched from one pole to another, were laden with
bright- stockings, gaudy, spangled gowns, or dusty street
clothes, discarded by the performers before slipping into their circus
attire. There were no nails or hooks, so hats and veils were pinned to
the canvas walls.
The furniture was limited to one camp chair in front of each trunk,
the till of which served as a tray for the paints, powders and other
essentials of "make-up."
A pail of water stood by the side of each chair, so that the performers
might wash the delicately shaded tights, handkerchiefs and other small
articles not to be entrusted to the slow, careless process of the
village laundry. Some of these had been washed to-night and hung to dry
on the lines between the dusty street garments.
Women whose "turns" came late sat about half-clothed reading, crocheting
or sewing, while others added pencilled eyebrows, powder or rouge to
their already exaggerated "make-ups." Here and there a child was putting
her sawdust baby to sleep in the till of her trunk, before beginning
her part in the evening's entertainment. Young and old went about their
duties with a systematic, business-like air, and even the little knot
of excited women near Polly--it seemed that one of the men had upset a
circus tradition--kept a sharp lookout for their "turns."
"What do you think about it, Polly?" asked a handsome brunette, as she
surveyed herself in the costume of a Roman charioteer.
"About what?" asked Polly vacantly.
"Leave Poll alone; she's in one of her trances!" called a motherly,
good-natured woman whose trunk stood next to Polly's, and whose business
was to support a son and three daughters upon stalwart shoulders, both
figuratively and literally.
"Well, _I_ ain't in any trance," answered the dark girl, "and _I_ think
it's pretty tough for him to take up with a rank outsider, and expect
us to warm up to her as though he'd married one of our own folks." She
tossed her head, the pride of class distinction welling high in her
ample bosom.
"He ain't asking us to warm up to her," contradicted Mademoiselle
Eloise, a pale, light-haired sprite, who had arrived late and was making
undignified efforts to get out of her clothes by way of her head. She
was Polly's understudy and next in line for the star place in the bill.
"Well, Barker has put her into the 'Leap of Death' stunt, ain't he?"
continued the brunette. "'Course that ain't a regular circus act,"
she added, somewhat mollified, "and so far she's had to dress with
the 'freaks,' but the next thing we know, he'll be ringin' her in on a
regular stunt and be puttin' her in to dress with US."
"No danger of that," sneered the blonde; "Barker is too old a stager to
mix up his sheep and his goats."
Polly had again lost the thread of the conversation. Her mind had
gone roving to the night when the frightened girl about whom they
were talking had made her first appearance in the circus lot, clinging
timidly to the hand of the man who had just made her his wife. Her eyes
had met Polly's, with a look of appeal that had gone straight to the
child's simple heart.
A few nights later the newcomer had allowed herself to be strapped into
the cumbersome "Leap of Death" machine which hurled itself through space
at each performance, and flung itself down with force enough to break
the neck of any unskilled rider. Courage and steady nerve were the
requisites for the job, so the manager had said; but any physician would
have told him that only a trained acrobat could long endure the nervous
strain, the muscular tension, and the physical rack of such an ordeal.
What matter
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THE WIZARD'S SON
A Novel
BY MRS. OLIPHANT
AUTHOR OF "THE CURATE IN CHARGE," "YOUNG MUSGRAVE," ETC.
IN THREE VOLUMES
VOL. III.
London
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1884
[_The Right of Translation and Reproduction is Reserved_]
LONDON:
R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS,
BREAD STREET HILL.
THE WIZARD'S SON.
CHAPTER I.
Was this then the conclusion of all things--that there was nothing so
perfect that it was worth a man's while to struggle for it; that any
officious interference with the recognised and existing was a mistake;
that nothing was either the best or the worst, but all things mere
degrees in a round of the comparative, in which a little more or a
little less was of no importance, and the most strenuous efforts tended
to failure as much as indifference? Walter, returning to the old house
which was his field of battle, questioned himself thus, with a sense of
despair not lessened by the deeper self-ridicule within him, which
asked, was he then so anxious for the best, so ready to sacrifice his
comfort for an ideal excellence? That he, of all men, should have this
to do, and yet that, being done, it should be altogether ineffectual,
was a sort of climax of clumsy mortal failure and hopelessness. The
only good thing he had done was the restoration of those half-evicted
cotters, and that was but a mingled and uncertain good, it appeared.
What was the use of any struggle? If it was his own personal freedom
alone that he really wanted, why here it was within his power to
purchase it--or at least a moderate amount of it--a comparative freedom,
as everything was comparative. His mind by this time had ceased to be
able to think, or even to perceive with any distinctness the phrase or
_motif_ inscribed upon one of those confused and idly-turning wheels of
mental machinery which had stood in the place of thought to him. It was
the afternoon when he got back, and everything within him had fallen
into an afternoon dreariness. He lingered when he landed on the waste
bit of grass that lay between the little landing-place and the door of
the old castle. He had no heart to go in and sit down unoccupied in that
room which had witnessed so many strange meetings. He was no longer
indeed afraid of his visitor there, but rather looked forward with a
kind of relief to the tangible presence which delivered him from
meetings of the mind more subtle and painful. But he had no expectation
of any visitor; nor was there anything for him to do except to sit down
and perhaps attempt to read, which meant solely a delivering over of
himself to his spiritual antagonists--for how was it possible to give
his mind to any fable of literature in the midst of a parable so urgent
and all-occupying, of his own?
He stood therefore idly upon the neglected turf, watching the ripple of
the water as it lapped against the rough stones on the edge. The breadth
of the loch was entirely hidden from him by the projection of the old
tower, which descended into the water at the right, and almost shut off
this highest corner of Loch Houran into a little lakelet of its own.
Walter heard the sound of oars and voices from the loch without seeing
any one: but that was usual enough, and few people invaded his privacy:
so that he was taken by surprise when, suddenly raising his eyes, he was
aware of the polished and gilded galley from Birkenbraes, in which
already Mr. Williamson, seated in the stern, had perceived and was
hailing him. "Hallo, my Lord Erradeen! Here we've all come to see ye
this fine afternoon. I told them we should find ye under your own vine
and your own fig-tree." This speech was accompanied by a general laugh.
The arrival of such a party, heralded by such laughter in a desolate
house, with few servants and no readiness for any such emergency, to a
young man in Walter's confused and distracted condition would not, it
may be supposed, have been very welcome in
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A LIE NEVER JUSTIFIABLE
A Study in Ethics
BY
H. CLAY TRUMBULL
1856
PREFACE.
That there was need of a book on the subject of which this treats,
will be evidenced to those who examine its contents. Whether this book
meets the need, it is for those to decide who are its readers.
The circumstances of its writing are recited in its opening chapter. I
was urged to the undertaking by valued friends. At every step in its
progress I have been helped by those friends, and others. For much
of that which is valuable in it, they deserve credit. For its
imperfections and lack, I alone am at fault.
Although I make no claim to exhaustiveness of treatment in this
work, I do claim to have attempted a treatment that is exceptionally
comprehensive and thorough. My researches have included extensive and
varied fields of fact and of thought, even though very much in those
fields has been left ungathered. What is here presented is at least
suggestive of the abundance and richness of the matter available in
this line.
While not presuming to think that I have said the last word on this
question of the ages, I do venture to hope that I have furnished fresh
material for its more intelligent consideration. It may be that, in
view of the data here presented, some will settle the question finally
for themselves--by settling it right.
If the work tends to bring any considerable number to this practical
issue, I shall be more than repaid for the labor expended on it; for
I have a profound conviction that it is the question of questions in
ethics, now as always.
H. CLAY TRUMBULL.
PHILADELPHIA,
August 14,1893
CONTENTS.
I.
A QUESTION OF THE AGES.
Is a Lie Ever Justifiable?--Two Proffered Answers.--Inducements
and Temptations Influencing a Decision.--Incident in Army Prison
Life.--Difference in Opinion.--Killing Enemy, or Lying to
Him.--Killing, but not Lying, Possibility with God.--Beginning of this
Discussion.--Its Continuance.--Origin of this Book.
II.
ETHNIC CONCEPTIONS.
Standards and Practices of Primitive Peoples.--Sayings and Doings of
Hindoos.--Teachings of the Mahabharata.--Harischandra and
Viswamitra, the Job and Satan of Hindoo Passion-Play.--Scandinavian
Legends.--Fridthjof and Ingeborg.--Persian Ideals.--Zoroastrian Heaven
and Hell.--"Home of Song," and "Home of the Lie."--Truth the Main
Cardinal Virtue with Egyptians.--No Hope for the Liar.--Ptah, "Lord
of Truth."--Truth Fundamental to Deity.--Relatively Low Standard
of Greeks.--Incidental Testimony of Herodotus.--Truthfulness of
Achilles.--Plato.--Aristotle.--Theognis.--Pindar.--Tragedy of
Philoctetes.--Roman Standard.--Cicero.--Marcus Aurelius.--German
Ideal.--Veracity a Primitive Conception.--Lie Abhorrent among Hill
Tribes of India.--Khonds.--Sonthals.--Todas.--Bheels.--Sowrahs.--
Tipperahs.--Arabs.--American Indians.--Patagonians.--Hottentots.--
East Africans.--Mandingoes.--Dyaks of Borneo,--"Lying Heaps."--Veddahs
of Ceylon.--Javanese.--Lying Incident of Civilization.--Influence of
Spirit of Barter.--"Punic Faith."--False Philosophy of Morals.
III.
BIBLE TEACHINGS.
Principles, not Rules, the Bible Standard.--Two Pictures of
Paradise.--Place of Liars.--God True, though Men Lie.--Hebrew
Midwives.--Jacob and Esau.--Rahab the Lying Harlot.--Samuel at
Bethlehem.--Micaiah before Jehoshaphat and Ahab.--Character
and Conduct.--Abraham.--Isaac.--Jacob.--David.--Ananias and
Sapphira.--Bible Injunctions and Warnings.
IV.
DEFINITIONS.
Importance of a Definition.--Lie Positive, and Lie Negative.--Speech
and Act.--Element of Intention.--Concealment Justifiable, and
Concealment Unjustifiable.--Witness in Court.--Concealment that is
Right.--Concealment that is Sinful.--First Duty of Fallen Man.--Brutal
Frankness.--Indecent Exposure of Personal Opinion.--Lie Never
Tolerable as Means of Concealing.--False Leg or Eye.--Duty of
Disclosure Conditioned on Relations to Others.--Deception Purposed,
and Resultant Deception.--Limits of Responsibility for Results of
Action.--Surgeon Refusing to Leave Patient.--Father with Drowning
Child.--Mother and Wife Choosing.--Others Self-Deceived concerning
Us.--Facial Expression.--"A Blind Patch."--Broken Vase.--Closed
Shutters in Midsummer.--Opened Shutters.--Absent Man's Hat in
Front Hall.--When Concealment is Proper.--When Concealment is
Wrong.--Contagious Diseases.--Selling a Horse or Cow.--Covering
Pit.--Wearing Wig.--God's Method with Man.--Delicate Distinction.--
Truthful Statements Resulting in False Impressions.--Concealing
Family Trouble.--Physician and Inquiring Patient.--Illustrations
Explain Principle, not Define it.
V.
THE PLEA OF "NECESSITY."
Quaker and Dry-goods Salesman.--Supposed Profitableness of
Lying.--Plea for "Lies of Necessity."--Lying not Justifiable between
Enemies in War-time.--Rightfulness of Concealing Movements and Plans
from Enemy.--Responsibility with Flag of Truce.--Difference
between Scout and Spy.--Ethical Distinctions Recognized by
Belligerents.--Illustration: Federal Prisoner Questioned by
Confederate Captors.--Libby Prison Experiences.--Physicians and
Patients.--Concealment not Necessarily Deception.--Loss of
Reputation for Truthfulness by Lying Physicians.--Loss of
Power Thereby.--Impolicy of Lying to Insane.--Dr. Kirkbride's
Testimony.--Life not Worth Saving by Lie.--Concealing One's Condition
from Robber in Bedroom.--Questions of Would-be Murderer.--"Do Right
though the Heavens Fall."--Duty to God not to be Counted out of
Problem.--Deserting God's Service by Lying.--Parting Prayer.
VI.
CENTURIES OF DISCUSSION.
Wide Differences of Opinion.--Views of Talmudists.--Hamburger's
Testimony.--Strictness in Principle.--Exceptions in Practice.--Isaac
Abohab's Testimony.--Christian Fathers not Agreed.--Martyrdom Price
of Truthtelling.--Justin Martyr's Testimony.--Temptations of
Early Christians.--Words of Shepherd of Hermas.--Tertullian's
Estimate.--Origen on False Speaking.--Peter and Paul at Antioch.--
Gregory of Nyssa and Basil the Great.--Deceit in Interests of
Harmony.--Chrysostom's Deception of Basil.--Chrysostom's Defense
of Deceit.--Augustine's Firmness of Position.--Condemnation of
Lying.--Examination of Excuses.--Jerome's Weakness and Error.--Final
Agreement with Augustine.--Repetition of Arguments of Augustine and
Chrysostom.--Representative Disputants.--Thomas Aquinas.--Masterly
Discussion.--Errors of Duns Scotus.--John Calvin.--Martin Luther.--
Ignatius Loyola.--Position of Jesuits.--Protestants Defending Lying.
--Jeremy Taylor.--Errors and Inconsistencies.--Wrong Definitions.--
Misapplication of Scripture.--Richard Rothe.--Character, Ability,
and Influence. in Definition of Lie.--Failure to Recognize.--Error
Love to God as Only Basis of Love to Man.--Exceptions in Favor of
Lying.--Nitzsch's Claim of Wiser and Nobler Methods than Lying in
Love.--Rothe's Claim of Responsibility of Loving Guardianship--No
Countenance of Deception in Example of Jesus.--Prime Error of Rothe.
--Opinions of Contemporary Critics.--Isaac Augustus Dorner.--
Character and Principles.--Keen Definitions.--High Standards.--
Clearness and Consistency.--Hans Lassen Martensen.--Logic Swayed by
Feeling.--Right Premises and Wavering Reasonings.--Lofty Ideals.--
Story of Jeanie Deans.--Correct Conclusions.--Influence of Personal
Peculiarities on Ethical Convictions.--Contrast of Charles Hodge and
James H. Thornwell.--Dr. Hodge's Correct Premises and Amiable
Inconsistencies.--Truth the Substratum of Deity.--Misconceptions of
Bible Teachings.--Suggestion of Deception by Jesus Christ.--Error as
to General Opinion of Christians.--Dr. Hodge's Conclusions Crushed
by his Premises.--Dr. Thornwell's Thorough Treatment of Subject.--
Right Basis.--Sound Argument.--Correct Definitions.--Firmness for
Truth.--Newman Smyth's Manual.--Good Beginning and Bad Ending.--
Confusion of Terms.--Inconsistencies in Argument.--Loose Reasoning.
--Dangerous Teachings.--James Martineau.--Fine Moral Sense.--Conflict
between Feeling and Conviction.--Safe Instincts.--Thomas Fowler.--
Higher Expediency of Veracity.--Importance to General Good.--Leslie
Stephen.--Duty of Veracity Result of Moral Progress.--Kant and
Fichte.--Jacobi Misrepresented.--False Assumptions by Advocates of Lie
of Necessity.--Enemies in Warfare not Justified in Lying.--Testimony
of Cicero.--Macaulay on Lord Clive's Treachery.--Woolsey on
International Law.--No Place for Lying in Medical Ethics.--Opinions
and Experiences of Physicians.--Pliny's Story of Roman Matron.--Victor
Hugo's Sister Simplice.--Words of Abbe Sicard.--Tact and
Principle.--Legal Ethics.--Whewell's View.--Opinion of Chief-Justice
Sharswood.--Mistakes of Dr. Hodge.--Lord Brougham's Claim.--False
Charge against Charles Phillips.--Chancellor Kent on Moral
Obligations in Law and in Equity.--Clerical Profession Chiefly
Involved.--Clergymen for and against Lying.--Temptation to Lies of
Love.--Supreme Importance of Sound Principle.--Duty of Veracity to
Lower Animals.--Dr. Dabney's View.--Views of Dr. Newman Smyth.--Duty
of Truthfulness an Obligation toward God.--Lower Animals not Exempt
from Principle of Universal Application.--Fishing.--Hunting.--Catching
Horse.--Professor Bowne's Psychological View.--No Place for Lying
in God's Universe.--Small Improvement on Chrysostom's Argument for
Lying.--Limits of Consistency in Logical Plea.--God, or Satan.
VII.
THE GIST OF THE MATTER.
One All-Dividing Line.--Primal and Eternal Difference.--Lie Inevitably
Hostile to God.--Lying Separates from God.--Sin _per se_.--Perjury
Justifiable if Lying be Justifiable.--Lying--Lying Defiles Liar,
apart from Questions of Gain in Lying.--Social Evils Resultant from
Lying.--Confidence Essential to Society.--Lying Destructive of
Confidence.--Lie Never Harmless.
INDEXES.
TOPICAL INDEX. SCRIPTURAL INDEX.
I.
A QUESTION OF THE AGES.
Whether a lie is ever justifiable, is a question that has been in
discussion, not only in all the Christian centuries, but ever since
questions concerning human conduct were first a possibility. On
the one hand, it has been claimed that a lie is by its very nature
irreconcilable with the eternal principles of justice and right; and,
on the other hand, it has been asserted that great emergencies may
necessitate a departure from all ordinary rules of human conduct, and
that therefore there may be, in an emergency, such a thing as the "lie
of necessity."
It is not so easy to consider fairly a question like this in the hour
when vital personal interests pivot on the decision, as it is in a
season of rest and safety; yet, if in a time of extremest peril the
unvarying duty of truthfulness shines clearly through an atmosphere of
sore temptation, that light may be accepted as diviner because of its
very power to penetrate clouds and to dispel darkness. Being forced to
consider, in an emergency, the possible justification of the so-called
"lie of necessity," I was brought to a settlement of that question in
my own mind, and have since been led to an honest endeavor to bring
others to a like settlement of it. Hence this monograph.
In the summer of 1863 I was a prisoner of war in Columbia, South
Carolina. The Federal prisoners were confined in the common jail,
under military guard, and with no parole binding them not to attempt
an escape. They were subject to the ordinary laws of war. Their
captors were responsible for their detention in imprisonment, and it
was their duty to escape from captivity, and to return to the army of
the government to which they owed allegiance, if they could do so by
any right means. No obligations were on them toward their captors,
save those which are binding at all times, even when a state of war
suspends such social duties as are merely conventional.
Only he who has been a prisoner of war in a Southern prison in
midsummer, or in a Northern prison in the dead of winter, in time of
active hostilities outside, can fully realize the heart-longings of a
soldier prisoner to find release from his sufferings in confinement,
and to be again at his post of duty at the front, or can understand
how gladly such a man would find a way, consistent with the right, to
escape, at any involved risk. But all can believe that plans of escape
were in frequent discussion among the restless Federal prisoners in
Columbia, of whom I was one.
A plan proposed to me by a fellow-officer seemed to offer peculiar
chances of success, and I gladly joined in it. But as its fuller
details were considered, I found that a probable contingency would
involve the telling of a lie to an enemy, or a failure of the
whole plan. At this my moral sense recoiled; and I expressed my
unwillingness to tell a lie, even to regain my personal liberty or
to advantage my government by a return to its army. This opened an
earnest discussion of the question whether there is such a thing as a
"lie of necessity," or a justifiable lie. My friend was a pure-minded
man of principle, ready to die for his convictions; and he looked at
this question with a sincere desire to know the right, and to conform
to it. He argued that a condition of war suspended ordinary social
relations between the combatants, and that the obligation of
truth-speaking was one of the duties thus suspended. I, on the other
hand, felt that a lie was necessarily a sin against God, and therefore
was never justifiable.
My friend asked me whether I would hesitate to kill an enemy who was
on guard over me, or whom I met outside, if it were essential to our
escape. I replied that I would not hesitate to do so, any more than I
would hesitate at it if we were over against each other in battle.
In time of war the soldiers of both sides take the risks of a
life-and-death struggle; and now that we were unparoled prisoners it
was our duty to escape if we could do so, even at the risk of our
lives or of the lives of our captors, and it was their duty to
prevent our escape at a similar risk. My friend then asked me on what
principle I could justify the taking of a man's life as an enemy, and
yet not feel justified in telling him a lie in order to save his life
and secure our liberty. How could it be claimed that it was more of a
sin to tell a lie to a man who had forfeited his social rights, than
to kill him. I confessed that I could not at that time see the reason
for the distinction, which my moral sense assured me was a real one,
and I asked time to think of it. Thus it was that I came first to face
a question of the ages, Is a lie ever justifiable? under circumstances
that involved more than life to me, and when I had a strong inducement
to see the force of reasons in favor of a "lie of necessity."
In my careful study, at that time, of the principles involved in this
question, I came upon what seemed to me the conclusion of the whole
matter. God is the author of life. He who gives life has the right to
take it again. What God can do by himself, God can authorize another
to do. Human governments derive their just powers from God. The powers
that be are ordained of God. A human government acts for God in the
administering of justice, even to the extent of taking life. If a
war waged by a human government be righteous, the officers of that
government take life, in the prosecution of the war, as God's agents.
In the case then in question, we who were in prison as Federal
officers were representatives of our government, and would be
justified in taking the lives of enemies of our government who
hindered us as God's agents in the doing of our duty to God and to our
government.
On the other hand, God, who can justly take life, cannot lie. A lie
is contrary to the very nature of God. "It is impossible for God to
lie."[1] And if God cannot lie, God cannot authorize another to lie.
What is unjustifiable in God's sight, is without a possibility of
justification in the universe. No personal or social emergency can
justify a lie, whatever may be its apparent gain, or whatever harm may
seem to be involved in a refusal to speak it. Therefore we who were
Federal prisoners in war-time could not be justified in doing what
was a sin _per se_, and what God was by his very nature debarred
from authorizing or approving. I could see no way of evading
this conclusion, and I determinedly refused to seek release from
imprisonment at the cost of a sin against God.
[Footnote 1: Heb. 6: 18]
At this time I
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FLETCHERISM: WHAT IT IS
HORACE FLETCHER'S WORKS
THE A.B.-Z. OF OUR OWN NUTRITION. Thirty-fourth thousand. 462 pp.
THE NEW MENTICULTURE; OR, THE A-B-C OF TRUE LIVING. Fifty-third
thousand. 310 pp.
THE NEW GLUTTON OR EPICURE; OR, ECONOMIC NUTRITION. Eighteenth
thousand. 344 pp.
HAPPINESS AS FOUND IN FORETHOUGHT MINUS FEARTHOUGHT. Fifteenth
thousand. 251 pp.
THAT LAST WAIF; OR, SOCIAL QUARANTINE. Sixth thousand. 270 pp.
FLETCHERISM: WHAT IT IS; OR, HOW I BECAME YOUNG AT SIXTY. 240 pp.
[Illustration: THE AUTHOR]
FLETCHERISM
WHAT IT IS
OR
HOW I BECAME YOUNG
AT SIXTY
BY
HORACE FLETCHER, A.M.
_Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science_
NEW YORK
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
_September, 1913_
THE.PLIMPTON.PRESS
NORWOOD.MASS.U.S.A
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
INTRODUCTION ix
PREFACE xi
I HOW I BECAME A FLETCHERITE 1
II SCIENTIFIC TESTS 15
III WHAT I AM ASKED ABOUT
FLETCHERISM 32
IV RULES OF FLETCHERISM 51
V WHAT IS PROPER MASTICATION? 64
VI WHAT IS HEAD DIGESTION? 73
VII CHITTENDEN ON CAREFUL
CHEWING 84
VIII THE THREE INCHES OF PERSONAL
RESPONSIBILITY 91
IX QUESTION PRESCRIPTION AND
PROSCRIPTION 104
X WHAT CONSTITUTES A FLETCHERITE 116
XI ALL DECENT EATERS ARE
FLETCHERITES 126
XII FLETCHERIZING AS A TEMPERANCE
EXPEDIENT 138
XIII THE MENACE OF MODERN MIXED
MENUS 158
XIV THE CRUX OF FLETCHERISM 170
XV FLETCHERISM AND VEGETARIANISM 180
APPENDIX 197
INDEX 221
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Author _Frontispiece_
FACING
PAGE
The Author Testing His Endurance by Means
of the Kellog Mercurial Dynamometer 16
The Author Undergoing a Test at Yale When
He Made a World's Record on the Irving
Fisher Endurance Testing Machine 28
The Author Feeling Himself to Be the Most
Fortunate Person Alive 70
Horace Fletcher in His Master of Arts Robes 98
The Author, on his Sixtieth Birthday, Performing
Feats of Agility and Strength which
Would Be Remarkable Even in a Young
Athlete 100
INTRODUCTION
Fletcherism has become a fact.
A dozen years ago it was laughed at as the "chew-chew" cult; to-day
the most famous men of Science endorse it and teach its principles.
Scientific leaders at the world's foremost Universities--Cambridge,
England; Turin, Italy; Berne, Switzerland; La Sorbonne, France; Berlin,
Prussia; Brussels, Belgium; St. Petersburg, Russia; as well as Harvard,
Yale and Johns Hopkins in America--have shown themselves in complete
accord with Mr. Fletcher's teachings.
The intention of the present volume is that it shall stand as a compact
statement of the Gospel of Fletcherism, whereas his other volumes treat
the subject more at length and are devoted to different phases of Mr.
Fletcher's philosophy. The author here relates briefly the story of
his regeneration, of how he rescued himself from the prospect of an
early grave, and brought himself to his present splendid physical and
mental condition. He tells of the discovery of his principles, which
have helped millions of people to live better, happier, and healthier
lives.
Mr. Fletcher writes with all his well-known literary charm and
vivacity, which have won for his works such a wide-spread popular
demand.
It is safe to say that no intelligent reader will peruse this work
without becoming convinced that Mr. Fletcher's principles as to
eating and living are the sanest that have ever been propounded; that
Fletcherism demands no heroic sacrifices of the enjoyments that go to
make life worth living, but, to the contrary, that the path to Dietetic
Righteousness, which Mr. Fletcher would have us tread, must be the
pleasantest of all life's pleasant ways.
THE PUBLISHERS
PREFACE
"_What is good for the richest man in the world, must be also good for
the poorest, and all in between._" _Daily Express, London, May 15th,
1913._
This quotation was apropos of an announcement in the _Evening Mail_, of
New York, telling that the Twentieth Century Croesus and financial
philosopher, John D. Rockefeller, had uttered a Confession of his Faith
in the fundamental principles of Dietetic Righteousness and General
Efficiency as follows:
"Don't gobble your food. Fletcherize, or chew very slowly while you
eat. Talk on pleasant topics. Don't be in a hurry. Take time to
masticate and cultivate a cheerful appetite while you eat. So will
the demon indigestion be encompassed round about and his slaughter
complete."
* * * * *
At the time this compendium of physiological and psychological wisdom
concerning the source of health, comfort, and happiness came to my
notice I was engaged in furnishing my publishers with a "compact
statement of the Gospel of Fletcherism," as they call it, and hence the
able assistance of Mr. Rockefeller was welcomed most cordially. Here it
was in a nutshell, crystallized, compact, refined, monopolized as to
brevity of description, masterly, and practically leaving little more
to be said.
The Grand Old Man of Democracy in England, William Ewart Gladstone, had
had his say on the same subject some years before, and will be known
to the future of physiological fitness more permanently on account
of his glorification of Head Digestion of food than for his Liberal
Statesmanship.
In like manner, Mr. Rockefeller will deserve more gratitude from
posterity for having prescribed the secret of highest mental and
physical efficiency in thirty-three words, than for the multiple
millions he is dedicating to Science and Sociological Betterment.
It will be interesting, however, to seekers after supermanish health
and strength to know how the author took the "straight tip" of Mr.
Gladstone, and "worked it for all it was worth" until Mr. Rockefeller
referred to the process of common-sense involved as "Fletcherizing."
I assure you it is an interesting story. It has taken nearly fifteen
years to bring the development to the point where Mr. Rockefeller,
who is carefulness personified when it comes to committing himself
for publication, is willing to express his opinion on the subject. It
has cost the author unremitting, completely-absorbing, and prayerful
concentration of attention, and nearly twenty thousand pounds sterling
($100,000), spent in fostering investigations and securing publicity of
the results of the inquiries, with some of the best people in Science,
Medicine, and Business helping him with generous assistance, to
accomplish this triumph of natural sanity.
In addition to other co-operation, and the most effective, perhaps, it
is appropriate to say that there is scarcely a periodical published in
all the world, either technical, news-bearing, or otherwise, on the
staff of which there has not been some member who has not received
some personal benefit from the suggestions carried by the economic
system now embodied in the latest dictionaries of many nations as
"Fletcherism."
The first rule of "Fletcherism" is to feel gratitude and to express
appreciation for and of all the blessings which Nature, intelligence,
civilization, and imagination bring to mankind; and this utterance
will be endorsed, I am sure, by the millions of persons who have
found economy, health, and general happiness through attention to the
requirements of dietetic righteousness. It will be especially approved
by those who, like Mr. Rockefeller, gained new leases of life after
having burned the candle of prudence at both ends and in the middle, to
the point of nearly going out, in the struggle for money.
Yet the secret of preserving natural efficiency is even more valuable
than cure or repair of damages due to carelessness and over-strain.
In this respect the simple rules of Fletcherizing, embodying the
requirements of Nature in co-operative nutrition, are made effective by
formulating exercises whereby habit-of-conformity is formed, and takes
command of the situation so efficiently, that no more thought need be
given to the matter than is necessary in regard to breathing, quenching
thirst, or observing "the rule of the road" in avoiding collisions in
crowded public thoroughfares.
Mr. Rockefeller's thirty-three words not only comprise the practical
gist of Fletcherism, but also state the most important fact, that by
these means the real dietetic devil, the devil of devils, is kept at a
safe distance.
The mechanical act of mastication is easy to manage; but this is
not all there is to head digestion. Bad habits of inattention and
indifference have to be conquered before good habits of deliberation
and appreciation are formed. These requirements of healthy nutrition
have been studied extensively and analyzed thoroughly, to the end that
we know that they may be acquired with ease if sought with serious
interest and respect.
I began the preface by quoting the statement that "What is good for the
_richest man in the world_ must be also good for the poorest, and all
in between." I will close by asserting that
"_Doing the right thing in securing right nutrition is easier than not
if you only know how._"
FLETCHERISM:
WHAT IT IS
CHAPTER I
HOW I BECAME A FLETCHERITE
My Turning Point--How I had Ignored My Responsibility--What Happens
during Mastication--The Four Principles of Fletcherism
Over twenty years ago, at the age of forty years, my hair was white; I
weighed two hundred and seventeen pounds (about fifty pounds more than
I should for my height of five feet six inches); every six months or so
I had a bad attack of "influenza"; I was harrowed by indigestion; I was
afflicted with "that tired feeling." I was an old man at forty, on the
way to a rapid decline.
It was at about this time that I applied for a life-insurance policy,
and was "turned down" by the examiners as a "poor risk." This was
the final straw. I was not afraid to die; I had long ago learned to
look upon death with equanimity. At the same time I had a keen desire
to live, and then and there made a determination that I would find
out what was the matter, and, if I could do so, save myself from my
threatened demise.
I realised that the first thing to do was, if possible, to close up my
business arrangements so that I could devote myself to the study of how
to keep on the face of the earth for a few more years. This I found it
possible to do, and I retired from active money-making.
The desire of my life was to live in Japan, where I had resided for
several years, and to which country I was passionately devoted. My
tastes were in the direction of the fine arts. Japan had been for years
my Mecca--my household goods were already there, waiting until I
should take up my permanent residence; and it required no small amount
of will-power to turn away from the cherished hope of a lifetime, to
continue travelling over the world, and concentrate upon finding a way
to keep alive.
I turned my back on Japan, and began my quest for health. For a time, I
tried some of the most famous "cures" in the world. Here and there were
moments of hope, but in the end I was met with disappointment.
THE TURNING POINT
It was partly accidental and partly otherwise that I finally found a
clue to the solution of my health disabilities. A faint suggestion
of possibilities of arrest of decline had dawned upon me in the city
of Galveston, Texas, some years before, and had been strengthened by
a visit to an Epicurean philosopher who had a snipe estate among the
marshlands of Southern Louisiana and a truffle preserve near Pau,
in France. He was a disciple of Gladstone, and faithfully followed
the rules relative to thorough chewing of food which the Grand Old
Man of England had formulated for the guidance of his children. My
friend in Louisiana attributed his robustness of health as much to
this protection against overeating as to the exercise incident to his
favourite sports. But these impressions had not been strong enough to
have a lasting effect.
One day, however, I was called to Chicago to attend to some unfinished
business affairs. They were difficult of settlement, and I was
compelled to "mark time" in the Western city with nothing especially
to do. It was at this time, in 1898, that I began to think seriously
of eating and its effect upon health. I read a great many books, only
to find that no two authors agreed; and I argued from this fact that
no one had found the truth, or else there would be some consensus of
agreement. So I stopped reading, and determined to consult Mother
Nature herself for direction.
HOW I HAD IGNORED MY RESPONSIBILITY
I began by trying to find out why Nature required us to eat, and how
and when. The key to my search was a firm belief in the good intentions
of Nature in the interest of our health and happiness, and a belief
also that anything less than good health and high efficiency was due to
transgressions against certain good and beneficent laws. Hence, it was
merely a question of search to find out the nature of the transgression.
The fault was one of nutrition, evidently.
I argued that if Nature had given us personal responsibility it was not
hidden away in the dark folds and coils of the alimentary canal where
we could not control it. The fault or faults must be committed before
the food was swallowed. I felt instinctively that here was the key to
the whole situation. The point, then, was to study the cavity of the
mouth; and the first thought was: "What happens there?" and "What is
present there?" The answer was: Taste, Smell (closely akin to taste
and hardly to be distinguished from it), Feeling, Saliva, Mastication,
Appetite, Tongue, Teeth, etc.
I first took up the careful study of Taste, necessitating keeping food
in the mouth as long as possible, to learn its course and development;
and, as I tried it myself, wonders of new and pleasant sensations were
revealed. New delights of taste were discovered. Appetite assumed new
leanings. Then came the vital discovery, which is this: I found that
each of us has what I call a food-filter: a discriminating muscular
gate located at the back of the mouth where the throat is shut off from
the mouth during the process of mastication. Just where the tongue
drops over backward toward its so-called roots there are usually five
(sometimes seven, we are told) little teat-like projections placed
in the shape of a horseshoe, each of them having a trough around it,
and in these troughs, or depressions, terminate a great number of
taste-buds, or ends of gustatory nerves. Just at this point the roof of
the mouth, or the "hard palate," ends; and the "soft palate," with the
uvula at the end of it, drops down behind the heavy part of the tongue.
During the natural act of chewing the lips are closed, and there is
also a complete closure at the back part of the mouth by the pressing
of the tongue against the roof of the mouth. During mastication, then,
the mouth is an airtight pouch.
After which brief description, please note, the next time you take food,
WHAT HAPPENS DURING MASTICATION
Hold the face down, so that the tongue hangs perpendicularly in the
mouth. This is for two reasons: one, because it will show how food,
when properly mixed with saliva, will be lifted up in the hollow part
in the middle of the tongue, against the direct force of gravity, and
will collect at the place where the mouth is shut off at the back, the
food-gate.
It is a real gate; and while the food is being masticated, so that it
may be mixed with saliva and chemically transformed from its crude
condition into the chemical form that makes it possible of digestion
and absorption, this gate will remain tightly shut, and the throat will
be entirely cut off from the mouth.
But as the food becomes creamy, so to speak, through being mixed with
saliva, or emulsified, or alkalised, or neutralised, or dextrinised, or
modified in whatever form Nature requires, the creamy substance will
be drawn up the central conduit of the tongue until it reaches the
food-gate.
If it is found by the taste-buds there located around the
"circumvalate papillae" (the teat-like projections on the tongue
which I mentioned above) to be properly prepared for acceptance
and further digestion, the food-gate will open, and the food thus
ready for acceptance into the body will be sucked back and swallowed
unconsciously--that is, without conscious effort.
I now started to experiment on myself. I chewed my food carefully until
I extracted all taste from it there was in it, and until it slipped
unconsciously down my throat. When the appetite ceased, and I was
thereby told that I had
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THE DAUGHTER OF HEAVEN
BY
PIERRE LOTI AND JUDITH GAUTIER
Translated by RUTH HELEN DAVIS
CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD.
10, ORANGE STREET
LEICESTER SQUARE, W. C.
1913
Preface
Thoroughly to understand China, one must realize that it has for three
hundred years cherished in its heart a deep and continually bleeding
wound. When the country was conquered by the Manchus of Tartary, the
ancient dynasty of the Mings was forced to yield the throne to the Tzin
invaders, but the Chinese nation never ceased to mourn the ancient
dynasty nor to hope for its restoration. Revolution is therefore a
permanent thing in China--a fire which smoulders eternally, breaking
into flame in one province only to be smothered and blaze out again
presently in another.
No doubt the Yellow Empire is too immense to permit of complete
understanding among the revolutionaries, or of collective effort to
break off the Tartar yoke. Several times, nevertheless, the Chinese
race has been near to victory. When, some twenty years ago, certain
events, which Europe never really understood, brought about an upheaval
in China, the revolutionaries, victorious for a time, proclaimed at
Nang-King an emperor of Chinese blood and of the dynasty of the Mings.
His name was Ron-Tsin-Tse, which means: The Final Flowering, and by
the faithful his era was called Tai-Ping-Tien-Ko, which is as much as
to say: The Empire of the Great Celestial Peace. He reigned seventeen
years, concurrently with the Tartar Emperor at Pekin and almost within
the shadow of that city.
Later, the authorities forced a complete suppression of his history:
all records of it were confiscated and burned, and men were forbidden,
under penalty of death, even to utter his name. Here, however, is the
translation of a passage relating to him which occurs in a voluminous
report addressed by the Tartar general Tsen-Konan-Wei, to the Emperor
at Pekin:
"When the revolutionaries rose in the province of Chan-Tung (he
says) they possessed themselves of sixteen provinces and six hundred
cities. Their guilty chief and his criminal friends had become really
formidable. All their generals fortified themselves in the places they
had taken, and not until they had stood three years of siege were we
again Masters in Nang-King. At this time the rebel army numbered more
than two hundred thousand men, but not one of them would surrender.
The moment they perceived themselves lost they set fire to the palace
and burned themselves alive. Many of the women hanged or strangled
themselves, or threw themselves into the lakes in the gardens. However,
I succeeded in making one young woman prisoner, and pressed her to tell
me where the Emperor was. 'He is dead,' she replied; 'vanquished, he
poisoned himself.' But immediately the new Emperor was proclaimed in
the person of his son, Hon-Fo-Tsen. She led me to the old Emperor's
tomb, which I ordered broken open. In it was found in fact the
Emperor's body, enveloped in a shroud of yellow silk embroidered with
dragons. He was old, bald, and had a white mustache. I caused his body
to be burned and his ashes to be thrown to the winds. Our soldiers
destroyed all that remained within the walls: there were three days and
nights of killing and pillage. However, one troop of several thousands
of rebels, very well-armed, succeeded in escaping from the city,
dressed in the costumes of our dead, and it is to be feared that the
new Emperor was able to escape with them."
This Emperor, Hon-Fo-Tsen, who, in fact, did succeed in fleeing from
Nang-King, was looked upon by the real Chinese as their legitimate
sovereign, and his descendants in secret no doubt reigned after him
uninterruptedly.
Several years ago a very remarkable man, who seemed to incarnate in
himself the new China, dreamed of a pacific and genuine reconciliation
of the two inimical races. (He had many dreams indeed: one of them,
for instance, that of founding the United States of the World.) He
conceived the almost unrealizable project of converting to his ideas
the Emperor at Pekin himself and of securing his help to reform China
without the spilling of any blood. His name was Kan-You-Wey. To get
near the Emperor he opened a school at Pekin in 1889.
Many rumors, though very conflicting ones, were in circulation
concerning the personality of this invisible Emperor Kwang-Su, kept as
he was under strict guardianship, like a captive in
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THE
CARE OF BOOKS
London: C. J. CLAY AND SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MARIA LANE,
Glasgow: 50, WELLINGTON STREET.
[Illustration]
Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS.
New York: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Bombay: E. SEYMOUR HALE.
[_All Rights reserved._]
THE
CARE OF BOOKS
An Essay on the
Development of Libraries and
their Fittings, from the earliest times to
the end of the Eighteenth Century
By
JOHN WILLIS CLARK, M.A., F.S.A.
Registrary of the University
and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
CAMBRIDGE
at the University Press
1901
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
FRANCISCO AIDANO GASQUET
MONACHO BENEDICTINO
D.D.
MAGISTRO DISCIPULUS
PREFACE.
When engaged in editing and completing _The Architectural History of the
University and Colleges of Cambridge_, I devoted much time and attention
to the essay called _The Library_. The subject was entirely new; and the
more I looked into it, the more convinced did I become that it would well
repay fuller investigation than was then possible. For instance, I felt
certain that the Customs affecting monastic libraries would, if one could
only discover them, throw considerable light on collegiate statutes
relating to the same subject.
The _Architectural History_ having been published, I had leisure to study
libraries from my new point of view; and, while thus engaged, I
fortunately met with the admirable paper by Dom Gasquet which he modestly
calls _Some Notes on Medieval Monastic Libraries_. This brief essay--it
occupies only 20 pages--opened my eyes to the possibilities that lay
before me, and I gladly place on record here the debt I owe to the
historian to whom I have dedicated this book.
When I had the honour of delivering the Rede Lecture before the University
of Cambridge in June 1894, I attempted a reconstruction of the monastic
library, shewing its relationship, through its fittings, to the
collegiate libraries of Oxford and Cambridge; and I was also able,
following the example set by Dom Gasquet in the above-mentioned essay, to
indicate the value of illuminated manuscripts as illustrating the life of
a medieval student or scribe. In my lectures as Sandars Reader in
Bibliography, delivered before the University of Cambridge in 1900, I
developed the subject still further, extending the scope of my enquiries
so as to include the libraries of Greece and Rome.
In writing my present book I have availed myself freely of the three works
above mentioned. At the same time I have incorporated much fresh material;
and I am glad to take this opportunity of stating, that, with the single
exception of the Escorial, I have personally examined and measured every
building which I have had occasion to describe; and many of the
illustrations are from my own sketches.
I call my book an _Essay_, because I wish to indicate that it is only an
attempt to deal, in a summary fashion, with an extremely wide and
interesting subject--a subject, too, which might easily be subdivided into
separate heads each capable of more elaborate treatment. For instance,
with regard to libraries in Religious Houses, I hope to see a book
written, dealing not merely with the way in which the books were cared
for, but with the subjects most generally studied, as indicated to us by
the catalogues which have survived.
A research such as I have had to undertake has naturally involved the
co-operation of numerous librarians and others both in England and on the
Continent. From all these officials I have experienced unfailing courtesy
and kindness, and I beg them to accept this collective expression of my
gratitude. To some, however, I am under such particular obligations, that
I wish to mention them by name.
In the first place I have to thank my friends Dr Jackson of Trinity
College, Dr Sandys of S. John's College, Dr James of King's College, and
F. J. H. Jenkinson, M.A., University Librarian, for their kind help in
reading proofs and making suggestions. Dr Sandys devoted much time to the
revision of the first chapter. As my work deals largely with monastic
institutions it is almost needless to say that I have consulted and
received efficient help from my old friend W. H. St John Hope, M.A.,
Assistant Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries.
My researches in Rome were made easy to me by the unfailing kindness and
ready help accorded on every occasion by Father C. J. Ehrle, S.J., Prefect
of the Vatican Library. My best thanks are also due to Signor Rodolfo
Lanciani, to Professor Petersen of the German Archeological Institute,
Rome, and to Signor Guido Biagi of the Biblioteca Laurenziana, Florence.
At Milan Monsignor Ceriani of the Ambrosian Library was so kind as to have
the library photographed for my use.
The courteous officials who administer the great libraries of Paris with
so much ability, have assisted me in all my researches. I wish specially
to thank in this place M. Leopold Delisle and M. Leon Dorez of the
Bibliotheque Nationale; M. A. Franklin of the Bibliotheque Mazarine; M. H.
Martin of the Bibliotheque de l'Arsenal; and M. A. Perate,
Sous-Conservateur du Chateau de Versailles.
I have also to thank Senor Ricardo Velasquez for his beautiful elevation
of the bookcases in the Escorial Library; Father J. van den Gheyn, S.J.,
of the Royal Library, Brussels, for his trouble in shewing me, and
allowing me to have
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OF LABRADOR***
E-text prepared by the Canadian Institute for Historical
Microreproduction, Wallace McLean, David Garcia, and the Project Gutenberg
Online Distributed Proofreading Team
No. 556
DANGERS ON THE ICE OFF THE COAST OF LABRADOR
With Some Interesting Particulars Respecting the Natives of that Country
Printed for the Religious Tract Society
London
[Price One Penny]
[Illustration]
The Moravian Missionaries on the coast of Labrador (a part of North
America) for many years suffered much from the severity of the climate,
and the savage disposition of the natives. In the year 1782, the
brethren, Liebisch and Turner, experienced a remarkable preservation of
their lives; the particulars show the dangers the Missionaries underwent
in pursuing their labours. To this Narrative are added some further
particulars, which show their labours were not without success.
Early on March the 11th, they left Nain to go to Okkak, a journey of
150 miles. They travelled in a sledge drawn by dogs, and another sledge
with Esquimaux joined them, the whole party consisting of five men, one
woman, and a child. The weather was remarkably fine, and the track over
the frozen sea was in the best order, so that they travelled at the
rate of six or seven miles an hour. All therefore were in good spirits,
hoping to reach Okkak in two or three days. Having passed the islands
in the bay, they kept at a considerable distance from the shore, both
to gain the smoothest part of the ice, and to avoid the high and rocky
promontory of Kiglapeit. About eight o'clock they met a sledge with
Esquimaux driving towards the land, who intimated that it might be well
not to proceed; but as the missionaries saw no reason for it, they paid
no regard to these hints, and went on. In a while, however, their own
Esquimaux remarked, that there was a swell under the ice. It was then
hardly perceptible, except on applying the ear close to the ice, when a
hollow grating and roaring noise was heard. The weather remained clear,
and no sudden change was expected. But the motion of the sea under the
ice had grown so perceptible as rather to alarm our travellers, and they
began to think it prudent to keep closer to the shore. The ice in many
places had fissures and cracks, some of which formed chasms of one or
two feet wide; but as they are not uncommon, and the dogs easily leap
over them, the sledge following without danger, they are terrible only
to new comers.
As soon as the sun declined, the wind increased and rose to a storm.
The snow was driven about by whirl winds, both on the ice and from off
the peaks of the high mountains, and filled the air. At the same time
the swell had increased so much, that its effects upon the ice became
very extraordinary and alarming. The sledges, instead of gliding along
smoothly upon an even surface, sometimes ran with violence after the
dogs, and shortly after seemed with difficulty to ascend the rising
hill; for the elasticity of so vast a body of ice, of many leagues
square, supported by a troubled sea, though in some places three or four
yards in thickness, would, in some degree, occasion a motion not unlike
that of a sheet of paper upon the surface of a rippling stream. Noises
were now likewise heard in many directions, like the report of cannon,
owing to the bursting of the ice at some distance.
The Esquimaux drove with all haste towards the shore, as it plainly
appeared the ice would break and disperse in the open sea. When the
sledges approached the coast, the prospect before them was truly
terrific. The ice, having broken loose from the rocks, was forced up
and down, grinding and breaking into a thousand pieces against the
precipices, with a tremendous noise, which, added to the raging of
the wind, and the snow driving about in the air, nearly deprived the
travellers of the power of hearing and seeing any thing distinctly.
To make the land at any risk, was now the only hope left, but it was
with the utmost difficulty the frighted dogs could be forced forward,
the whole body of the ice sinking frequently below the rocks, then
rising above them. As the only moment to land was that when the ice
gained the level of the shore, the attempt was extremely nice and
hazardous. However, by God's mercy, it succeeded; both sledges gained
the shore, and were drawn up the beach, though with much difficulty.
The travellers had hardly time to reflect with gratitude to God for
their safety, when that part of the ice from which they had just now
made good their landing, burst asunder, and the water forcing itself
from below, covered and precipitated it into the sea. In an instant,
the whole mass of ice, extending for several miles from the coast, and
as far as the eye could reach, burst, and was overwhelmed by the rolling
waves. The sight was tremendous and awfully grand; the large fields of
ice raising themselves out of the water, striking against each other,
and plunging into the deep, with a violence not to be
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The Project Gutenberg Etext Adventures of Harry Richmond, by Meredith, v4
#53 in our series by George Meredith
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***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS**START***
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| 542.020426 | 2,580 |
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| 1,571 | 89 |
Produced by the volunteers of Project Gutenberg Thailand.
Proofreading by users emil, LScribe, rikker, wyaryan,
Saksith, ianh68, andysteve, Claudio, kaewmala, matt, Gyurme,
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HISTORY OF THE KINGDOM OF SIAM
AND
OF THE REVOLUTIONS THAT
HAVE CAUSED THE OVERTHROW
OF THE EMPIRE,
UP TO A. D. 1770.
Compiled by M. TURPIN from manuscripts
received from M. the Bishop of TABRACA
Vicar Apostolic of Siam and from other
Missionaries in the Kingdom.
PUBLISHED ORIGINALLY AT
PARIS A. D. 1771.
_Translated from the original French by_
B. O. CARTWRIGHT, B.A.
EXHIBITIONER KING'S COLLEGE (CAMB).
BANGKOK 1908.
Printed under the auspices of the
Committee of the Vajiranana
National Library.
BANGKOK:
Printed at the "American Presby. Mission Press."
1908.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Translator's Preface IV.
CHAPTER I.
The First Kings of Siam 1
CHAPTER II.
The Reign of Chao Narai 31
CHAPTER III.
The Revolt of the Macassars 53
CHAPTER IV.
The Revolution that brought about the downfall of Faulcon
and the French 65
CHAPTER V.
The Breach between the French and the Usurper 89
CHAPTER VI.
The Persecution of the Christians after the departure
of Des Farges 99
CHAPTER VII.
Events leading up to the Revolution of 1760 109
CHAPTER VIII.
The Revolution of 1760 115
CHAPTER IX.
The Revolution of 1767 137
CHAPTER X.
The Misfortunes of the Europeans after the Revolution 169
CHAPTER XI.
After the Revolution of 1767 176
CHAPTER XII.
Advantages that might accrue from commercial neighbouring
relations with Siam and the Kingdoms 185
CHAPTER XIII.
Tonkin 220
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
Turpin's History of Siam, published at Paris in the year 1771 consists
of two volumes, the first of which deals merely with the natural
History of Siam.--
The present book is a translation of the second volume only, and is of
considerable interest owing to the fact that it is the only extant
European work dealing with the events leading up to and succeeding the
fall of the old capital, Ayuthia.--
We have no accounts of the compiler M. Turpin himself and therefore
are unable to give any account of his life or position.--
The present volume falls into the following parts:--
a. A short resume of the early history of Siam. Few names are given,
and the accounts are somewhat vague. _Chapter 1_.
b. An account of the reign of Phra Narai and his immediate successors
_Chapter 2-6_. This portion has been compiled from the earlier
accounts of Forbin and La Loubere; but Tachard's remarks are not
treated as serious history.
c. A short chapter _(Chapter 7)_ giving a somewhat vague account of
the period intervening between the above and the next.--
d. The events leading up to the fall of Ayuthia.
A description of the Burmese attack on the capital and of the early
years of the reign of Phya Tak _(Chapter 8-11.)_ This forms the part
of greatest interest.
e. A description of the Kingdoms bordering on Siam _(Chapter 12-13)_.
Taken on the whole, the book gives a very fair and impartial account,
but as the bulk of the information was derived from the Catholic
Missionaries, a somewhat biassed view is taken of the religion of the
countries treated of.--
The original has been carefully followed in the translation; here and
there a few sentences have been omitted for the reason that such
sentences are merely remarks of a moralizing nature on the part of M.
Turpin himself, and have no connection whatever with the relation of
the historical events.--
B. O. CARTWRIGHT.
BANGKOK:
_November, 1908._
HISTORY OF SIAM.
CHAPTER I.
THE FIRST KINGS OF SIAM.
Eastern despotism, which casts a blight on the soul and quenches
public spirit, is the primary cause of all revolutions by which the
people seek to ameliorate their condition by the overthrow of their
tyrants.
Every State in which there is One against All, has a defective
constitution, which causes it to pass in succession from greatness to
humiliation, from strength to weakness, and which, in its suicidal
policy, awaits but a foreign invasion which will restore to the
People, the enjoyment of their Rights.
The unstable and tottering thrones of Asia at last crumble away, and
the ambitious, arrogating to themselves the privileges of attempting
all things, are overwhelmed by their fall, and, reduce the weak to
violate everything in their despair.
The right of the strong is that of a footpad who plunders unarmed
travellers, and who, having enjoyed a period of immunity, dies under
the axe of the headsman. The Ruler who has the greater share in the
benefits of the Law does not recognise his advantages, and when
unwilling to extend them prefers to see himself surrounded by
trembling slaves who murmur in secret, and only await a leader to
become rebels. The crude legislation of Siam has been the cause of all
the public ills of the nation. It knows neither the extent of
authority nor the limits of obedience. This nation, indifferent
regarding the choice of its masters, has received fetters from the
hands of ambitious men who spurned the nation while coercing it.
Invariably unfortunate, the people have no hope save in a future
revolution, which will enslave them to a new tyrant insolently
bedecked with the imposing title of "Deliverer".
What can be the motive that prompts a despot to retain the privilege
of laying violent hands on the liberty and welfare of his subjects? A
despot who replaces natural rights by arbitrary power! He passes away
like a torrent which leaves but the remembrance of its devastation
behind it. The Kings of Siam, invisible to their subjects made
themselves known merely by acts of authority. Thus they could never
instil those tender feelings which are inspired by the presence of a
King who is both Father and Citizen.
I will not attempt to lift the veil which conceals the beginnings of
this Kingdom. This people has never known the art of printing which
alone en
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Produced by Audrey Longhurst, Michael Ciesielski and PG Distributed
Proofreaders
THE BOOMING OF ACRE HILL
AND OTHER REMINISCENCES OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN LIFE
[Illustration: "I'll Never, Never, Never, So Long As I Live"]
The Booming of Acre Hill
By
John Kendrick Bangs
Illustrations
By C. Dana Gibson
Published 1902 in New York and London
TO
WILLIAM LIVERMORE KINGMAN
WITH AFFECTIONATE REGARDS
These stories by Mr. Bangs have appeared
from time to time in _The Ladies Home Journal, The Woman's Home
Companion_, and the various publications of Messrs. HARPER & BROTHERS.
CONTENTS
THE BOOMING OF ACRE HILL
THE STRANGE MISADVENTURES OF AN ORGAN
THE PLOT THAT FAILED
THE BASE INGRATITUDE OF BARKIS, M.D.
THE UTILITARIAN MR. CARRAWAY
THE BOOK SALES OF MR. PETERS
THE VALOR OF BRINLEY
WILKINS
THE MAYOR'S LAMPS
THE BALANCE OF POWER
JARLEY'S EXPERIMENT
JARLEY'S THANKSGIVING
HARRY AND MAUDE AND I--ALSO JAMES
AN AFFINITIVE ROMANCE:
I. MR. AUGUSTUS RICHARDS'S IDEAL
II. MISS HENDERSON'S STANDARD
III. A GLANCE AT MISS FLORA HENDERSON HERSELF
IV. A BRIEF GLIMPSE OF MR. AUGUSTUS RICHARDS
V. CONCLUSION
MRS. UPTON'S DEVICE:
I. THE RESOLVE
II. A SUCCESSFUL CASE
III. A SET-BACK
IV. THE DEVICE
ILLUSTRATIONS
"I'LL NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, SO LONG AS I LIVE"
DURING THE INTERMEZZO
THE BOOMING OF ACRE HILL
Acre Hill ten years ago was as void of houses as the primeval forest.
Indeed, in many ways it suggested the primeval forest. Then the Acre
Hill Land Improvement Company sprang up in a night, and before the
bewildered owners of its lovely solitudes and restful glades, who had
been paying taxes on their property for many years, quite grasped the
situation they found that they had sold out, and that their old-time
paradise was as surely lost to them as was Eden to Adam and Eve.
To-day Acre Hill is gridironed with macadamized streets that are lined
with houses of an architecture of various degrees of badness. Where
birds once sang, and squirrels gambolled, and stray foxes lurked, the
morning hours are made musical by the voices of milkmen, and the
squirrels have given place to children and nurse-maids. Where sturdy
oaks stood like sentinels guarding the forest folk from intrusion from
the outside world now stand tall wooden poles with glaring white
electric lights streaming from their tops. And the soughing of the winds
in the trees has given place to the clang of the bounding trolley. All
this is the work of the Acre Hill Land Improvement Company.
Yet if,
| 542.920137 | 2,582 |
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| 413 | 102 |
Produced by Chris Curnow, Harry Lamé, Google Books for
some images. and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s Notes
Typographical transcription used: text between ~tildes~,
_underscores_, and =equal signs= represents text printed in the
original work in blackletter, italics and bold face, respectively.
Small capitals have been transcribed as ALL CAPITALS. Superscript text
has been transcribed as ^{text}.
More transcriber’s notes (including a list of corrections) may be
found at the end of this text.
[Illustration: PETRARCH’S INKSTAND.
IN THE POSSESSION OF MISS EDGEWORTH, PRESENTED TO HER BY A LADY.]
By beauty won from soft Italia’s land,
Here Cupid, Petrarch’s Cupid, takes his stand.
Arch suppliant, welcome to thy fav’rite isle,
Close thy spread wings, and rest thee here awhile;
Still the true heart with kindred strains inspire,
Breathe all a poet’s softness, all his fire;
But if the perjured knight approach this font,
Forbid the words to come as they were wont,
Forbid the ink to flow, the pen to write,
And send the false one baffled from thy sight.
_Miss Edgeworth._
THE
EVERY-DAY BOOK
AND
TABLE BOOK;
OR,
EVERLASTING CALENDAR OF POPULAR AMUSEMENTS,
SPORTS, PASTIMES, CEREMONIES, MANNERS,
CUSTOMS, AND EVENTS,
INCIDENT TO
~Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days,~
IN PAST AND PRESENT TIMES;
FORM
| 543.070932 | 2,583 |
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| 1,066 | 431 |
Produced by Charles Bowen from page scans provided by
Google Books (Harvard University)
Transcriber's Notes:
1. Page scan source: https://books.google.com/books?id=emlLN6DE1I
(Harvard University)
2. This book was also published as "Aaron the Jew. A Novel," in
London by Hutchinson & Co. in 1895.
A Fair Jewess
BY
B. L. FARJEON,
_Author of "The Last Tenant" Etc_.
NEW YORK:
THE F. M. LUPTON PUBLISHING COMPANY.
Copyright, 1894, by
THE CASSELL PUBLISHING CO.
_All rights reserved_.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I. The Poor Doctor
II. Dr. Spenlove's Visitor
III. Dr. Spenlove Undertakes a Delicate Mission
IV. "One More Unfortunate"
V. "Come! We Will End It"
VI. The Friend in Need
VII. The Result of Dr. Spenlove's Mission
VIII. What was Put in the Iron Box
IX. Mr. Moss Plays his Part
X. The Vision in the Churchyard
XI. Mr. Whimpole Introduces Himself
XII. The Course of the Seasons
XIII. Aaron Cohen Preaches a Sermon on Large Noses
XIV. A Proclamation of War
XV. The Battle is Fought and Won
XVI. Joy and Sorrow
XVII. Divine Consolation
XVIII. In the New House
XIX. The Doctor Speaks Plainly to Aaron Cohen
XX. A Momentous Night
XXI. The Temptation
XXII. The Living and the Dead
XXIII. Plucked from the Jaws of Death
XXIV. The Curtain Falls
XXV. After Many Years
XXVI. The Foundation of Aaron's Fortune
XXVII. The Farewell
XXVIII. Revisits Gosport
XXIX. What Shall be Done to the Man whom the
King Delighteth to Honor?
XXX. The Honorable Percy Storndale
XXXI. The Spirit of the Dead Past
XXXII. Before All, Duty
XXXIII. A Cheerful Doctor
XXXIV. Ruth's Secret
XXXV. The Honorable Percy Storndale Makes an
Appeal
XXXVI. A Duty Performed
XXXVII. The Mother's Appeal
XXXVIII. A Mother's Joy
XXXIX. A Panic in the City
XL. "Can you Forgive me?"
XLI. A Poisoned Arrow
XLII. Retribution
A FAIR JEWESS.
CHAPTER I.
THE POOR DOCTOR.
On a bright, snowy night in December, some years ago, Dr. Spenlove,
having been employed all the afternoon and evening in paying farewell
visits to his patients, walked briskly toward his home through the
narrowest and most squalid thoroughfares in Portsmouth.
The animation of his movements may be set down to the severity of the
weather, and not to any inward cheerfulness of spirits, for as he
passed familiar landmarks he looked at them with a certain regret
which men devoid of sentiment would have pronounced an indication of a
weak nature. In this opinion, however, they would have been wrong, for
Dr. Spenlove's intended departure early the following morning from a
field which had strong claims upon his sympathies was dictated by a
law of inexorable necessity. He was a practitioner of considerable
skill, and he had conscientiously striven to achieve a reputation in
some measure commensurate with his abilities.
From a worldly point of view his efforts had been attended with
mortifying failure; he had not only been unsuccessful in earning a
bare livelihood, but he had completely exhausted the limited resources
with which he had started upon his career; he had, moreover, endured
severe privation, and an opening presenting itself in the wider field
of London he had accepted it with gladness and reluctance. With
gladness because he was an ambitious man, and had desires apart from
his profession; with reluctance because it pained him to bid farewell
to patients in whom he took a genuine interest, and whom he would have
liked to continue to befriend. He had, indeed, assisted many of them
to the full extent of his power, and in some instances had gone beyond
this limit, depriving himself of the necessaries of life to supply
them with medicines and nourishing food, and robbing his nights of
rest to minister to their woes. He bore about him distinguishing marks
of the beautiful self-sacrifice.
On this last night of his residence among them his purse was empty,
and inclement as was the weather he wore
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E-text prepared by Jana Srna and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
Internet Archive/American Libraries (http://archive.org/details/americana)
Note: Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
http://archive.org/details/heroineb00barr
Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
THE HEROINE
by
EATON STANNARD BARRETT
With an Introduction by Walter Raleigh
London
Henry Frowde
1909
Oxford: Horace Hart
Printer to the University
INTRODUCTION
'In Glamorganshire, of a rapid decline, occasioned by the bursting of a
blood-vessel, Eaton Stannard Barrett, esq., a native of Ireland, and a
student of the Middle Temple. He published "All the Talents", a Poem,
8vo. 1817.--"The Comet", a mock newspaper, 8vo. 1803.--A very pleasing
poem intituled "Woman", 8vo. 1810.--"The Heroine, or Adventures of
Cherubina", 3 vols. 12mo, 2d. edit. 1814. This volume is said to abound
in wit and humour.'
Very little can now be added to this obituary notice, which appeared
in the __ for April, 1820. The young Irishman whose death it records
was born at Cork in 1786, received his education chiefly in London,
addicted himself to the law, and was early diverted into the
profession of letters, which he practised with great energy and
versatility. Besides the works mentioned above, he wrote a serio-comic
romance called _The Rising Sun_, and a farcical comedy, full of noise
and bustle, called _My Wife, What Wife?_ The choice of this last
phrase (sacred, if any words in poetry are sacred) for the title of a
rollicking farce indicates a certain bluntness of sensibility in the
author. He was young, and fell head over ears in love with cleverness;
he was a law-student, and took to political satire as a duck takes to
the rain; he was an Irishman, and found himself the master of a happy
Irish wit, clean, quick, and dainty, but no ways searching or
profound. At the back of all his satire there lies a simple social
creed, which he accepts from the middle-class code of his own time,
and does not question. The two of his works which achieved something
like fame, _Woman, a Poem_, and _The Heroine_, here reprinted, set
forth that creed, describing the ideal heroine in verse, and warning
her, in prose, against the extravagances that so easily beset her. The
mode in female character has somewhat changed since George was king,
and the pensive coyness set up as a model in the poem seems to a
modern reader almost as affected as the vagaries described in the
novel. Yet the poem has all the interest and brilliancy of an old
fashion-plate. Here is woman as she wished to be in the days of the
Regency, or perhaps as man wished her to be, for it is impossible to
say which began it. Both gloried in the contrast of their habits. If
man, in that age of the prize-ring and the press-gang, was
pre-eminently a drinking, swearing, fighting animal, his indelicacy
was redeemed by the shrinking graces of his mate.
For woman is not undevelopt man,
But diverse:
as the poet of the later nineteenth century sings. But Tennyson was
anticipated in this discovery by Mr. Barrett:
Yes, heaven a contrast not unmeet, designed
Between the bearded and the blushing kind.
Those who often see the bearded kind clad in overcoats, carrying
umbrellas, and timorous of social greetings, may have some difficulty
in recognizing the essential truth of the following lines, which
describe man in his grandeur, as his blushing consort loves to think of
him:
Man, from those moments, when his infant age
Cried for the moon, ambitious aims engage,
One world subdued, more worlds he wishes given,
He piles his impious tower to clamber heaven;
Scoops cities under earth; erects his home
On mountains of wild surges, vales of foam;
Soars air, and high above the thunder runs,
Now flaked with sleet, now reddened under suns.
Even in his pastime man his soul reveals;
Raised with carousing shout, his goblet reels.
Now from his chase imperial lions fly,
And now
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http://www.pgdp.net
WITH HAIG ON THE SOMME
WITH HAIG ON THE SOMME
BY
D. H. PARRY
_Author of "Gilbert the Outlaw"; "The Scarlet Scouts"; "The V.C.: Its
Heroes and their Valour," etc. etc._
WITH FOUR COLOUR PLATES BY
ARCHIBALD WEBB
CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD
London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
First Published 1917 [Illustration: "The Commandant threw up his arms
and pitched backward; Dennis dropped his weapon and caught him as he
fell"]
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1. AN UNCENSORED LETTER READ ALOUD 1
2. OFF TO THE FRONT 14
3. "AT TEN O'CLOCK SHARP!" 22
4. HIS FIRST TIME UNDER FIRE 33
5. HOW DENNIS CAME IN FOR A TASTE OF DISPATCH RIDING 42
6. A TERRIBLE ADVENTURE AT DAWN 50
7. A FRIEND IN NEED 60
8. IN THE ENEMY TRENCHES 70
9. IN THE SNIPER'S LAIR 78
10. IN WHICH DENNIS MEETS CLAUDE LAVAL, PILOTE AVIATEUR 87
11. A DARING DASH 97
12. IN THE HANDS OF THE ENEMY 107
13. A MAD GAMBLE FOR LIBERTY 116
14. THE SING-SONG IN THE DUG-OUT 128
15. "REEDSHIRES!--GET OVER!" 136
16. THE SILENCING OF THE GUNS 146
17. THE EXPLOITS OF A COMPANY 155
18. WITH THE LEWIS GUN--AND AFTER 163
19. WHAT THEY LEARNED ON THE GERMAN TELEPHONE 173
20. THE LAST RUNG OF A BROKEN LADDER 183
21. VON DUSSEL'S REVENGE 191
22. THE ROW IN THE RESTAURANT 200
23. "GAS!" 210
24. THE CHATEAU AT THE TRENCH END 219
25. FROM KITE BALLOON TO SADDLE 229
26. UNDER THE GERMAN EAGLE 240
27. ON THE PART DENNIS PLAYED IN THE RECAPTURE OF BIACHES 247
28. THE EXCITING ADVENTURES OF "CARL HEFT" 255
29. AN OLD FRIEND--AND A BITTER ENEMY! 265
30. UNDER THE ENEMY WALL 275
31. WITH DASHWOOD'S BRIGADE 284
32. THE REWARDS OF VALOUR 295
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
"THE COMMANDANT THREW UP HIS ARMS AND PITCHED _Frontispiece_
BACKWARD; DENNIS DROPPED HIS WEAPON, CAUGHT HIM
AS HE FELL"
PAGE
"DENNIS FLUNG HIS BOMBS INTO THE SPACE AND
TREMENDOUS EXPLOSIONS ENSUED" 96
"BEFORE THE GERMANS REALISED WHAT WAS HAPPENING,
THERE WAS AN UGLY BIT OF BAYONET WORK" 150
"NOTHING COULD CHECK THE VICTORIOUS RUSH" 286
WITH HAIG ON THE SOMME
CHAPTER I
An Uncensored Letter Read Aloud
Private Harry Hawke, of the 2/12th Battalion Royal Reedshire Regiment
(T.F.), sat on the step of the fire trench, his back against the
parapet, busy with the bolt of his rifle.
There were two things he loved more than anything else in life, and that
rifle was one of them. The other was his platoon commander, Captain Bob
Dashwood, who chanced to be coming along the communication at the
moment, and the Cockney private's eyes lit up as he saw him.
"Hallo, Hawke! All quiet?" said
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Produced by Giovanni Fini, Richard Hulse and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:
—Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected.
[Illustration: Michael J. Schaack.]
ANARCHY AND ANARCHISTS.
A HISTORY OF
THE RED TERROR AND THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION
IN AMERICA AND EUROPE.
COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM, AND NIHILISM
IN DOCTRINE AND IN DEED.
THE CHICAGO HAYMARKET CONSPIRACY,
AND THE DETECTION AND TRIAL OF THE CONSPIRATORS.
BY
MICHAEL J. SCHAACK,
CAPTAIN OF POLICE.
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS FROM AUTHENTIC PHOTOGRAPHS,
AND FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS
BY WM. A. MCCULLOUGH, WM. OTTMAN, LOUIS BRAUNHOLD, TRUE
WILLIAMS, CHAS. FOERSTER, O. F. KRITZNER, AND OTHERS.
[Illustration]
CHICAGO:
F. J. SCHULTE & COMPANY.
NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA: W. A. HOUGHTON.
ST. LOUIS: S. F. JUNKIN & CO. PITTSBURG: P. J. FLEMING & CO.
MDCCCLXXXIX.
COPYRIGHT, 1889,
BY MICHAEL J. SCHAACK.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
_THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS WORK ARE ALL ORIGINAL, AND ARE
PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT._
TO
HON. JOSEPH E. GARY
AND TO
HON. JULIUS S. GRINNELL
THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE.
IT has seemed to me that there should be a history of the development,
the revolt, and the tragedy of Anarchy in Chicago. This history I have
written as impartially and as fairly as I knew how to write it. I have
kept steadily before my eyes the motto,—
“Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.”
It will be found in the succeeding pages that neither animosity against
the revolutionists, nor partiality to the State, has influenced the
work. I have dealt with this episode in Chicago’s history as calmly
and as fairly as I am able. I have tried to put myself in the position
of the misguided men whose conspiracy led to the Haymarket explosion
and to the gallows; to understand their motives; to appreciate their
ideals—for so only could this volume be properly written.
And to present a broader view, I have added a history of all forms of
Socialism, Communism, Nihilism and Anarchy. In this, though necessarily
brief, it has been the purpose to give all the important facts, and to
set forth the theories of all those who, whether moderate or radical,
whether sincerely laboring in the interests of humanity or boisterously
striving for notoriety, have endeavored or pretended to improve upon
the existing order of society.
After the dynamite bomb exploded, carrying death into the ranks of men
with whom I had been for years closely associated—after an impudent
attack had been made upon our law and upon our system, which I was
sworn to defend—it came to me as a duty to the State, a duty to my
dead and wounded comrades, to bring the guilty men to justice; to
expose the conspiracy to the world, and thus to assist in vindicating
the law. How the duty was performed, this story tells.
It is a plain narrative whose interest lies in the momentous character
of the facts which it relates. Much of it is now for the first time
given to the public. I have drawn upon the records of the case, made
in court, but more especially upon the reports made to me, during the
progress of the investigation, by the many detectives who were working
under my direction.
I can say for my book no more than this: that from the first page to
the last there is no material statement which is not to my knowledge
true. The reader, then, may at least depend upon the accuracy of the
information presented here, even if I cannot make any other claim.
It would be unfair and ungrateful if I did not seize this opportunity
to put on lasting record my obligations to Judge Julius S. Grinnell,
who was State’s Attorney during the investigation. His support, steady
and full of tact, enabled me to go through with the work, in spite of
obstacles deliberately put in my way. My position was a delicate and
difficult one: had it not been for him, and for others, success would
have been almost impossible.
Nor can I forego this occasion to bear testimony to the magnificent
police work done in the case by Inspector Bonfield and his brother,
James Bonfield, and by the officers who acted directly with me. These
were Lieut. Charles A. Larsen and Officers Herman Schuettler, Michael
Whalen, Jacob Loewenstein, Michael Hoffman, Charles Rehm, John Stift
and B. P. Baer. Mr. Edmund Furthmann, at that time Assistant State’s
Attorney, as I have elsewhere recorded, worked upon the inquiry into
the conspiracy with an acumen, a perseverance and an industry which
were beyond all praise. I knew, when he was first associated with me
in the case, that the outcome must be a victory for outraged law, and
the result vindicated the prediction. To Mr. Thomas O. Thompson and to
Mr. John T. McEnnis much of the literary form of this volume is to be
credited, and to them also I am under lasting obligations.
MICHAEL J. SCHAACK.
_Chicago, February, 1889._
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
The Beginning of Anarchy—The German School of Discontent—The
Socialist Future—The Asylum in London—Birth of a Word—Work
of the French Revolution—The Conspiracy of Babeuf—Etienne
Cabet’s Experiment—The Colony in the United States—Settled
at Nauvoo—Fourier and his System—The Familistère at
Guise—Louis Blanc and the National Work-shops—Proudhon,
the Founder of French Anarchy—German Socialism: Its Rise
and Development—Rodbertus and his Followers—“Capital,”
by Karl Marx—The “Bible of the Socialists”—The Red
Internationale—Bakounine and his Expulsion from the
Society—The New Conspiracy—Ferdinand Lassalle and the
Social Democrats—The Birth of a Great Movement—Growth of
Discontent—Leaders after Lassalle—The Central Idea of the
Revolt—American Methods and the Police Position, 17
CHAPTER II.
Dynamite in Politics-Historical Assassinations—Infernal
Machines in France—The Inventor of Dynamite—M. Noble
and his Ideas—The Nitro-Compounds—How Dynamite is
Made—The New French Explosive—“Black Jelley” and the
Nihilists—What the Nihilists Believe and What they
Want—The Conditions in Russia—The White and the Red
Terrors—Vera Sassoulitch—Tourgenieff and the Russian
Girl—The Assassination of the Czar—“It is too Soon to Thank
God”—The Dying Emperor—Two Bombs Thrown—Running Down the
Conspirators—Sophia Perowskaja, the Nihilist Leader—The
Handkerchief Signal—The Murder Roll—Tried and Convicted—A
Brutal Execution—Five Nihilists Pay the Penalty—Last Words
Spoken but Unheard—A Deafening Tattoo—The Book-bomb and
the Present Czar—Strychnine-coated Bullets—St. Peter and
Paul’s Fortress—Dynamite Outrages in England—The Record of
Crime—Twenty-nine Convicts and their Offenses—Ingenious
Bomb-making—The Failures of Dynamite, 28
CHAPTER III.
The Exodus to Chicago—Waiting for an Opportunity—A
Political Party Formed—A Question of $600,000—The First
Socialist Platform—Details of the Organization—Work at
the Ballot-Box—Statistics of Socialist Progress—The
“International Workingmen’s Party” and The “Workingmen’s Party
of the United States”—The Eleven Commandments of Labor—How
the Work was to be Done—A Curious Constitution—Beginnings
of the Labor Press—The Union Congress—Criticising the
Ballot-Box—The Executive Committee and its Powers—Annals
of 1876—A Period of Preparation—The Great Railroad
Strikes of 1877—The First Attack on Society—A Decisive
Defeat—Trying Politics Again—The “Socialistic Party”—Its
Leaders and its Aims—August Spies as an Editor—Buying the
_Arbeiter-Zeitung_—How the Money was Raised—Anarchist
Campaign Songs—The Group Organization—Plan of the
Propaganda—Dynamite First Taught—“The Bureau of
Information”—An Attack on Arbitration—No Compromise with
Capital—Unity of the Internationalists and the Socialists, 44
CHAPTER IV.
Socialism, Theoretic and Practical—Statements of the
Leaders—Vengeance on the “Spitzels”—The Black Flag in the
Streets—Resolutions in the _Alarm_—The Board of Trade
Procession—Why it Failed—Experts on Anarchy—Parsons,
Spies, Schwab and Fielden Outline their Belief—The
International Platform—Why Communism Must Fail—A French
Experiment and its Lesson—The Law of Averages—Extracts
from the Anarchistic Press—Preaching Murder—Dynamite
or the Ballot-Box?—“The Reaction in America”—Plans for
Street Fighting—Riot Drill and Tactics—Bakounine and the
Social Revolution—Twenty-one Statements of an Anarchist’s
Duty—Herways’ Formula—Predicting the Haymarket—The Lehr
und Wehr Verein and the Supreme Court—The White Terror and
the Red—Reinsdorf, the Father of Anarchy—His Association
with Hoedel and Nobiling—Attempt to Assassinate the German
Emperor—Reinsdorf at Berlin—His Desperate Plan—“Old Lehmann”
and the Socialist’s Dagger—The Germania Monument—An Attempt
to Kill the Whole Court—A Culvert Full of Dynamite—A Wet
Fuse and no Explosion—Reinsdorf Condemned to Death—His Last
Letters—Chicago Students of his Teachings—De Tocqueville and
Socialism, 74
CHAPTER V.
The Socialistic Programme—Fighting a Compromise—Opposition
to the Eight-hour Movement—The Memorial to Congress—Eight
Hours’ Work Enough—The Anarchist Position—An _Alarm_
Editorial—“Capitalists and Wage Slaves”—Parsons’
Ideas—The Anarchists and the Knights of Labor—Powderly’s
Warning—Working up a Riot—The Effect of Labor-saving
Machinery—Views of Edison and Wells—The Socialistic
Demonstration—The Procession of April 25, 1886—How the
_Arbeiter-Zeitung_ Helped on the Crisis—The Secret Circular of
1886, 104
CHAPTER VI.
The Eight-hour Movement—Anarchist Activity—The Lock-out at
McCormick’s—Distorting the Facts—A Socialist Lie—The True
Facts about McCormick’s—Who Shall Run the Shops?—Abusing the
“Scabs”—High Wages for Cheap Work—The Union Loses $3,000 a
Day—Preparing for Trouble—Arming the Anarchists—Ammunition
Depots—Pistols and Dynamite—Threatening the Police—The
Conspirators Show the White Feather—Capt. O’Donnell’s
Magnificent Police Work—The Revolution Blocked—A Foreign
Reservation—An Attempt to Mob the Police—The History
of the First Secret Meeting—Lingg’s First Appearance
in the Conspiracy—The Captured Documents—Bloodshed at
McCormick’s—“The Battle Was Lost”—Officer Casey’s Narrow
Escape, 112
CHAPTER VII.
The _Coup d’État_ a Miscarriage—Effect of the Anarchist
Failure at McCormick’s—“Revenge”—Text of the Famous
Circular—The German Version—An Incitement to Murder—Bringing
on a Conflict—Engel’s Diabolical Plan—The Rôle of the Lehr
und Wehr Verein—The Gathering of the Armed Groups—Fischer’s
Sanguinary Talk—The Signal for Murder—“Ruhe” and its
Meaning—Keeping Clear of the Mouse-Trap—The Haymarket
Selected—Its Advantages for Revolutionary War—The Call for
the Murder Meeting—“Workingmen, Arm Yourselves”—Preparing the
Dynamite—The _Arbeiter-Zeitung_ Arsenal—The Assassins’ Roost
at 58 Clybourn Avenue—The Projected Attack on the Police
Stations—Bombs for All who Wished Them—Waiting for the Word
of Command—Why it was not Given—The Leaders’ Courage Fails, 129
CHAPTER VIII.
The Air Full of Rumors—A Riot Feared—Police
Preparations—Bonfield in Command—The Haymarket—Strategic
Value of the Anarchists’ Position—Crane’s Alley—The Theory
of Street Warfare—Inflaming the Mob—Schnaubelt and his
Bomb—“Throttle the Law”—The Limit of Patience Reached—“In
the Name of the People, Disperse”—The Signal Given—The Crash
of Dynamite First Heard on an American Street—Murder in the
Air—A Rally and a Charge—The Anarchists Swept Away—A Battle
Worthy of Veterans, 139
CHAPTER IX.
The Dead and the Wounded—Moans of Anguish in the Police
Station—Caring for Friend and Foe—Counting the Cost—A City’s
Sympathy—The Death List—Sketches of the Men—The Doctors’
Work—Dynamite Havoc—Veterans of the Haymarket—A Roll of
Honor—The Anarchist Loss—Guesses at their Dead—Concealing
Wounded Rioters—The Explosion a Failure—Disappointment of the
Terrorists, 149
CHAPTER X.
The Core of the Conspiracy—Search of the _Arbeiter-Zeitung_
Office—The Captured Manuscript—Jealousies in the Police
Department—The Case Threatened with Failure—Stupidity at
the Central Office—Fischer Brought in—Rotten Detective
Work—The Arrest of Spies—His Egregious Vanity—An Anarchist
“Ladies’ Man”—Wine Suppers with the Actresses—Nina Van
Zandt’s Antecedents—Her Romantic Connection with the
Case—Fashionable Toilets—Did Spies Really Love Her?—His
Curious Conduct—The Proxy Marriage—The End of the
Romance—The Other Conspirators—Mrs. Parsons’ Origin—The
Bomb-Thrower in Custody—The Assassin Kicked Out of the Chief’s
Office—Schnaubelt and the Detectives—Suspicious Conduct at
Headquarters—Schnaubelt Ordered to Keep Away From the City
Hall—An Amazing Incident—A Friendly Tip to a Murderer—My
Impressions of the Schnaubelt Episode—Balthasar Rau and Mr.
Furthmann—Phantom Shackles in a Pullman—Experiments with
Dynamite—An Explosive Dangerous to Friend and Foe—Testing the
Bombs—Fielden and the Chief, 156
CHAPTER XI.
My Connection with the Anarchist Cases—A Scene at the Central
Office—Mr. Hanssen’s Discovery—Politics and Detective
Work—Jealousy Against Inspector Bonfield—Dynamiters on
Exhibition—Courtesies to the Prize-fighters—A Friendly
Tip—My First Light on the Case—A Promise of Confidence—One
Night’s Work—The Chief Agrees to my Taking up the
Case—Laying Our Plans—“We Have Found the Bomb Factory!”—Is
it a Trap?—A Patrol-wagon Full of Dynamite—No Help Hoped
for from Headquarters—Conference with State’s Attorney
Grinnell—Furthmann’s Work—Opening up the Plot—Trouble
with the Newspaper Men—Unexpected Advantage of Hostile
Criticism—Information from Unexpected Quarters—Queer Episodes
of the Hunt—Clues Good, Bad and Indifferent—A Mysterious
Lady with a Veil—A Conference in my Back Yard—The Anarchists
Alarmed—A Breezy Conference with Ebersold—Threatening
Letters—Menaces Sent to the Wives of the Men Working
on the Case—How the Ladies Behaved—The Judge and Mrs.
Gary—Detectives on Each Other’s Trail—The Humors of the
Case—Amusing Incidents, 183
CHAPTER XII.
Tracking the Conspirators—Female Anarchists—A Bevy of
Beauties—Petticoated Ugliness—The Breathless Messenger—A
Detective’s Danger—Turning the Tables—“That Man is
a Detective!”—A Close Call—Gaining Revolutionists’
Confidence—Vouched for by the Conspirators—Speech-making
Extraordinary—The Hiding-place in the Anarchists’
Hall—Betrayed by a Woman—The Assassination of Detective Brown
at Cedar Lake—Saloon-keepers and the Revolution—“Anarchists
for Revenue Only”—Another Murder Plot—
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SUCCESSFUL EXPLORATION
THROUGH THE INTERIOR OF
AUSTRALIA,
FROM MELBOURNE TO THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA.
FROM THE JOURNALS AND LETTERS OF
WILLIAM JOHN WILLS.
EDITED BY HIS FATHER, WILLIAM WILLS.
LONDON:
RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET,
PUBLISHER IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY.
1863.
DEDICATED,
BY PERMISSION,
TO HIS GRACE
THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE, K.G.,
ETC., ETC., ETC.
BY HIS GRACE'S
FAITHFUL SERVANT,
WILLIAM WILLS.
JANUARY, 1863.
PREFACE.
A life terminating before it had reached its meridian, can scarcely
be expected to furnish materials for an extended biography. But the
important position held by my late son, as second in command in
what is now so well-known as the Burke and Wills Exploring
Expedition across the Island Continent of Australia; the
complicated duties he undertook as Astronomer, Topographer,
Journalist, and Surveyor; the persevering skill with which he
discharged them, suggesting and regulating the march of the party
through a waste of eighteen hundred miles, previously untrodden by
European feet; his courage, patience, and heroic death; his
self-denial in desiring to be left alone in the desert with
scarcely a hope of rescue, that his companions might find a chance
for themselves;--these claims on public attention demand that his
name should be handed down to posterity in something more than a
mere obituary record, or an official acknowledgment of services.
A truthful, though brief, memoir of my son's short career, may
furnish
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World's End
A Story in Three Books
By Richard Jefferies
Published by Tinsley Brothers, London.
This edition dated 1877.
VOLUME ONE, CHAPTER ONE.
BOOK ONE: FACTS.
It is not generally known that the mighty city of Stirmingham owes its
existence to a water-rat. Stirmingham has a population of half a
million, and is the workshop of the earth. It is a proud city, and its
press-men have traced its origin back into the dim vista of the past,
far before Alfred the Great's time, somewhere in the days of those
monarchs who came from Troy, and whose deeds Holinshed so minutely
chronicles.
But this is all trash and nonsense, and is a cunning device of the able
editors aforesaid, who confound--for their own purposes--the city proper
with the tiny hamlet of Wolf's Glow. This little village or cluster of
houses, which now forms a part, and the dirtiest part, of the city, can
indeed be traced through Hundred Rolls, Domesday Book, and Saxon
Charters, almost down to the time of the Romans. But Stirmingham, the
prosperous and proud Stirmingham, which thinks that the world could not
exist without its watches and guns, its plated goods, its monster
factories and mills, which sends cargoes to Timbuctoo, and supplies Java
and Malabar with idols--this vast place, whose nickname is a by-word for
cheating, for fair outward show and no real solidity, owes its existence
to a water-rat. This is a fact. And it happened in this way.
Once upon a time there was a wide expanse of utterly useless land, flat
as this sheet of paper, without a trace of subsoil or any kind of earth
in which so much as a blade of grass could grow. It was utterly dry and
sterile--not a tree nor a shrub to shelter a cow or a horse, and all men
avoided it as a waste and desolate place. It was the very abomination
of desolation, and no one would have been surprised to have seen satyrs
and other strange creatures diverting themselves thereon. Around one
edge of this plain there flowed a brook, so small that one could hardly
call it by that name. A dainty lady from Belgravia could have easily
stepped across it without soiling the sole of her boot.
At one spot beside this brook there grew a willow tree. This tree was a
picture in itself, and would have made the fortune of any artist who
would have condescended to make a loving study of it. The trunk had
been of very large size, but now resembled a canoe standing upon end,
for nearly one half had decayed, and the crumbling wood had disappeared,
leaving a hollow stem. The stem was itself dead and decaying, except
one thin streak of green, up which the golden sap of life still ran, and
invigorated the ancient head of the tree to send forth yellow buds and
pointed leaves. Up one side of the hollow trunk an ivy creeper had
climbed to the top, and was fast hanging festoons from bough to bough.
In the vast mass of decaying wood at the top or head of the tree a briar
had taken root--its seed no doubt dropped by some thrush--and its
prickly shoots hung over and drooped to the ground in luxuriance of
growth. The hardy fern had also found a lodging here, and its dull
green leaves, which they say grow most by moonlight, formed a species of
crown to the dying tree.
This willow was the paradise of such birds as live upon insects, for
they abounded in the decaying wood; and at the top a wild pigeon had
built its nest. As years went by, the willow bent more and more over
the brook. The water washing the soil out from between its roots formed
a hollow space, where a slight eddy scooped out a deeper hole, in which
the vermillion--throated stickleback or minnow disported and watched the
mouth of its nest. This eddy also weakened the tree by underlining it
at its foundation. The ivy grew thicker till it formed a perfect bush
upon the top, and this in the winter afforded a hold for the wind to
shake the tree by. The wind would have passed harmlessly through the
slender branches, but the ivy, even in winter, the season of storms,
left something against which it could rage with effect. Finally came
the water-rat.
If Stirmingham objects to owe its origin to a water-rat, it may at least
congratulate itself upon the fact that it was a good old English rat--
none of your modern parvenu, grey Hanoverian rascals. It was, in fact,
before the Norwegian rat, which had been imported in the holds of
vessels, had obtained undisputed sway over the country. It had,
however, already driven the darker aboriginal inhabitants away from the
cultivated places to take refuge in the woods and streams. It is odd
that in the animal kingdom also, even in the rat economy, the darker
hued race should give way to the lighter. However, as in Stirmingham
the smoke is so great that the ladies when they walk abroad carry
parasols up to keep the blacks from falling on and disfiguring their
complexion, there can after all be no disgrace in the water-rat
ancestry.
This dark water-rat, finding his position less and less secure
at the adjacent barn on account of the attacks of the grey invaders, one
fine day migrated, with Mrs Rat and all the Master and Missy rats, down
to the stream. Peeping and sniffing about for a pleasant retreat, he
chose the neighbourhood of the willow tree. I cannot stay here to
discuss whether or no he was led to the tree by some mystic beckoning
hand--some supernatural presentiment; but to the tree he went, and
Stirmingham was founded. Two or three burrows--small round holes--
sufficed to house Mr Rat and his family, but these ran right under the
willow, and of course still further weakened it.
In course of time the family flourished exceedingly, and Mr Rat became
a great-great-great-grandpapa to ever so many minor Frisky Tails. These
Frisky Tails finding the ancient quarter too much straightened for
comfort, began to scratch further tunnels, and succeeded pretty well in
opening additional honeycombs, till presently progress was stayed by a
root of the
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The Project Gutenberg Etext of Sandra Belloni by George Meredith, v1
#19 in our series by George Meredith
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| 429 | 84 |
_VIZETELLY'S RUSSIAN NOVELS._
Uncle's Dream;
AND
The Permanent Husband.
CELEBRATED RUSSIAN NOVELS
By FEDOR DOSTOIEFFSKY.
_Translated from the original Russian by Fred. Whishaw._
"There are three Russian novelists who, though, with one
exception, little known out of their own country, stand head and
shoulders above most of their contemporaries. In the opinion of
some not indifferent critics, they are superior to all other
novelists of this generation. Two of them, Dostoieffsky and
Turgenieff, died not long ago; the third, Lyof Tolstoi, still
lives. The one with the most marked individuality of character,
probably the most highly gifted, was unquestionably
Dostoieffsky."--_Spectator._
_In crown 8vo. containing nearly 500 pages, price 6s._
THE IDIOT.
"Is unquestionably a work of great power and originality. M.
Dostoieffsky crowds his canvas with living organisms, depicted
with extreme vividness."--_Scotsman._
_In crown 8vo, price 5s._
THE FRIEND OF THE FAMILY; AND THE GAMBLER.
"Dostoieffsky is one of the keenest observers of humanity amongst
modern novelists. Both stories are very valuable as pictures of a
society and a people with whom we are imperfectly acquainted, but
who deserve the closest scrutiny."--_Public Opinion._
_Third edition. In crown 8vo, with Portrait and Memoir, price 5s._
INJURY AND INSULT.
"That 'Injury and Insult' is a powerful novel few will deny. Vania
is a marvellous character. Once read, the book can never
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Transcribed from the 1852 Burns and Lambert edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
THE JESUITS:
A
CORRESPONDENCE
RELATIVE TO A LECTURE SO ENTITLED,
RECENTLY DELIVERED BEFORE THE
ISLINGTON PROTESTANT INSTITUTE,
BY THE
REV. EDWARD HOARE, M.A.,
_Incumbent of Christ Church_, _Ramsgate_.
* * * * *
“Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill,
Bend the straight rule to their own crooked will,
And with a clear and shining lamp supplied,
First put it out, then take it for their guide.”
_Cowper’s Progress of Error_.
* * * * *
LONDON:
BURNS AND LAMBERT, 17 PORTMAN STREET,
PORTMAN SQUARE.
1852.
* * * * *
W. Davy and Son, Printers, 8, Gilbert-street, Oxford-street.
* * * * *
INTRODUCTION.
IN a Lecture on the Jesuits, recently delivered before the Islington
Protestant Institute by the Rev. EDWARD HOARE, M.A., Incumbent of Christ
Church, Ramsgate, and since published, there occurs the following passage
with the note subjoined:—“It would not be fair to attach to the Order the
opinions of the individual, unless these can be proved to be fully borne
out and sanctioned by the fixed and authoritative documents of the
Society. Nothing, however, can be clearer, than that the sentiments then
expressed, [_i.e._, alleged to have been expressed on an occasion before
referred to], were those not of the man, but of the Order; for although
there is an exceptive clause inserted in one of the Constitutions, as if
for the relief of unseared consciences, so that the Statute runs thus,
‘Conforming their will to what the Superior wills and thinks in all
things, where it cannot be defined that any kind of sin interferes;’ {3}
yet a little further on there is another section wherein that clause is
wholly nullified, and the original principle boldly asserted. ‘Although
the Society desires that all its Constitutions, &c., should be
undeviatingly observed, according to the Institute, it desires,
nevertheless, that all its members should be secured or at least assisted
against falling into the snare of any sin which may originate from the
force of any such Constitutions or injunctions; therefore, it hath seemed
good to us in the Lord, with the express exception of the vow of
obedience to the Pope for the time being, and the other three fundamental
vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, to declare that no
Constitutions, declarations, or rule of life, can lead to an obligation
to sin, mortal or venial.’ Thus far all is well; what more can be
required? But now mark the next passage. ‘_Unless the Superior may
command them in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ_, _or in virtue of the
vow of obedience_; _and this he may do whenever_, _and to whomsoever_,
_he may judge it conducive either to individual good or to the universal
well-being of the Society_. And in the place of the fear of offence, let
the love and desire of all perfection succeed; that the greater glory and
praise of Christ our Creator and Lord may follow.’ So that the poor
Jesuit may be compelled to commit what he knows to be a mortal sin at the
bidding of his Superior. He may clearly see it to be utterly opposed to
every principle of Scripture; his own conscience may turn from it with
horror; his moral sense may utterly condemn it; he may see clearly that
he is flying in the face of the most High God; but on he must go, because
his Superior bids him; and in order to obtain an object, which the
Superior considers conducive to the interests of the Society, he must
freely consent to have his deepest convictions wholly disregarded, and
his principles of moral rectitude for ever crushed within his soul.” {4}
The present writer is the person alluded to in the note as having
complained of this shocking statement, and stated what is the true
meaning of the Constitution of which it is such an utter perversion.
What he said on the subject forms his portion of the following
correspondence. The publication of the entire correspondence that passed
on the occasion, will, it is hoped, afford Mr. Hoare’s readers the
readiest means of determining for themselves whether the accusation he
has brought is sustainable or not.
The writer may advert here to a consideration which was overlooked in the
course of the correspondence by
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Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
GRAPES OF WRATH
GRAPES OF
WRATH
BY
BOYD CABLE
AUTHOR OF
"BETWEEN THE LINES," "ACTION FRONT,"
AND "DOING THEIR BIT"
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
E. P. DUTTON & CO.
681 FIFTH AVENUE
COPYRIGHT, 1917,
BY
E. P. DUTTON AND COMPANY
Printed in the United States of America
_TO
ALL RANKS OF THE NEW ARMIES_
_Men of the Old Country, Men of the Overseas, and those good men
among the Neutrals who put all else aside to join up and help us to
Victory, this book is dedicated with pride and admiration by_
_THE AUTHOR_
_In the Field,
20th January, 1917_
THE AUTHOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Acknowledgments are due to the Editors of _The Cornhill Magazine_,
_Land and Water_, and _Pearson's Magazine_ for permission to reprint
such portions of this book as have appeared in their pages.
[Illustration]
BOYD CABLE--A PREFATORY NOTE
The readers of Boyd Cable's "Between the Lines," "Action Front," and
"Doing Their Bit," have very naturally had their curiosity excited
as to an author who, previously unheard of, has suddenly become the
foremost word-painter of active fighting at the present day, and the
greatest "literary discovery" of the War.
Boyd Cable is primarily a man of action; and for half of his not very
long life he has been doing things instead of writing them. At the
age of twenty he joined a corps of Scouts in the Boer War, and saw
plenty of fighting in South Africa. After the close of that war, his
life consisted largely of traveling in Great Britain and the principal
countries of Europe and the Mediterranean, his choice always leading
him from the beaten track. He also spent some time in Australia
and in New Zealand, not only in the cities, but in the outposts of
civilization, on the edge of the wilderness, both there and in the
Philippines, Java, and other islands of the Pacific.
When he travels, Mr. Cable does not merely take a steamer-berth or
a railway-ticket and write up his notes from an observation car or
a saloon deck. He looks out after a job, and puts plenty of energy
into it while he is at it; in fact, so many different things has he
done, that he says himself that it is easier to mention the things he
has not done than the ones he has. He has been an ordinary seaman,
typewriter agent, a steamer-fireman, office-manager, hobo, farmhand,
gold prospector, coach-driver, navvy, engine-driver, and many other
things. And strangely enough, though he knows so much from practical
experience, he has
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THE
WORKS
OF
JOHN DRYDEN,
NOW FIRST COLLECTED
_IN EIGHTEEN VOLUMES_.
* * * * *
ILLUSTRATED
WITH NOTES,
HISTORICAL, CRITICAL, AND EXPLANATORY,
AND
A LIFE OF THE AUTHOR,
BY
WALTER SCOTT, ESQ.
* * * * *
VOL. X.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM MILLER, ALBEMARLE STREET,
BY JAMES BALLANTYNE AND CO. EDINBURGH.
1808.
CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME TENTH.
PAGE.
Religio Laici, or a Layman's Faith, an Epistle, 1
Preface, 11
Threnodia Augustalis, a Funeral Pindaric Poem, sacred
to the happy Memory of King Charles II. 53
Notes, 79
The Hind and the Panther, a Poem, in Three Parts, 85
Preface, 109
Notes on Part I. 139
Part II. 159
Notes on Part II. 185
Part III. 195
Notes on Part III. 240
Britannia Rediviva, a Poem on the Birth of the
Prince, 283
Notes, 302
Prologues and Epilogues, 309
Mack-Flecknoe, a Satire against Thomas Shadwell, 425
Notes
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Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images available at The Internet Archive)
with special thanks to Stephen Rowland for help with the Greek.
[Illustration: PLATE I.
VIEW OF HISSARLIK FROM THE NORTH.
_Frontispiece._
After the Excavations.]
TROY
AND ITS REMAINS;
A NARRATIVE OF RESEARCHES AND DISCOVERIES
MADE ON THE SITE OF ILIUM,
AND IN THE TROJAN PLAIN.
BY DR. HENRY SCHLIEMANN.
_Translated with the Author’s Sanction._
EDITED
BY PHILIP SMITH, B.A.,
AUTHOR OF THE ‘HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD,’ AND OF THE
‘STUDENT’S ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE EAST.’
WITH MAP, PLANS, VIEWS, AND CUTS,
_REPRESENTING 500 OBJECTS OF ANTIQUITY DISCOVERED ON THE SITE_.
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
NEW YORK:
SCRIBNER, WELFORD, AND ARMSTRONG.
1875.
PREFACE BY THE EDITOR.
Dr. Schliemann’s original narrative of his wonderful discoveries on the
spot marked as the site of Homer’s ILIUM by an unbroken tradition, from
the earliest historic age of Greece, has a permanent value and interest
which can scarcely be affected by the final verdict of criticism on the
result of his discoveries. If he has indeed found the fire-scathed ruins
of the city whose fate inspired the immortal first-fruits of Greek
poetry, and brought to light many thousands of objects illustrating the
race, language, and religion of her inhabitants, their wealth and
civilization, their instruments and appliances for peaceful life and
war; and if, in digging out these remains, he has supplied the missing
link, long testified by tradition as well as poetry, between the famous
Greeks of history and their kindred in the East; no words can describe
the interest which must ever belong to the first birth of such a
contribution to the history of the world. Or should we, on the other
hand, in the face of all that has been revealed on the very spot of
which the Greeks themselves believed that Homer sang, lean to the
scepticism of the scholar who still says:--“I know as yet of one Ilion
only, that is, the Ilion as sung by Homer, which is not likely to be
found in the trenches of Hissarlik, but rather among the Muses who dwell
on Olympus;” even so a new interest of historic and antiquarian
curiosity would be excited by “the splendid ruins,” as the same high
authority rightly calls those “which Dr. Schliemann has brought to
light at Hissarlik.” For what, in that case, were the _four cities_,
whose successive layers of ruins, still marked by the fires that have
passed over them in turn, are piled to the height of fifty feet above
the old summit of the hill? If not even one of them is TROY, what is the
story, so like that of Troy, which belongs to them?
“Trojæ renascens alite lugubri
Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur.”
What is the light that is struggling to break forth from the varied mass
of evidence, and the half-deciphered inscriptions, that are still
exercising the ingenuity of the most able enquirers? Whatever may be the
true and final answer to these questions--and we have had to put on
record a signal proof that the most sanguine investigators will be
content with no answer short of the truth[1]--the vivid narrative
written by the discoverer on the spot can never lose that charm which
Renan has so happily described as “la charme des origines.”
The Editor may be permitted to add, what the Author might not say, that
the work derives another charm from the spirit that prompted the labours
which it records. It is the work of an enthusiast in a cause which, in
our “practical” age, needs all the zeal of its remaining devotees, the
cause of learning for its own sake. But, in this case, enthusiasm has
gone hand in hand with the practical spirit in its best form. Dr.
Schliemann judged rightly in prefixing to his first work the simple
unaffected record of that discipline in adversity and self-reliance,
amidst which he at once educated himself and obtained the means of
gratifying his ardent desire to throw new light on the highest problems
of antiquity, _at his own expense_. His readers ought to know that,
besides other large contributions to the cause of learning, the cost of
his excavations at Hissarlik alone has amounted to 10,000_l._; and this
is in no sense the speculative investment of an explorer, for he has
expressed the firm resolution to _give away_ his collection, and not to
_sell_ it.
Under this sense of the high and lasting value of Dr. Schliemann’s work,
the present translation has been undertaken, with the object of laying
the narrative before English readers in a form considerably improved
upon the original. For this object the Editor can safely say, on behalf
of the Publisher and himself, that no pains and cost have been spared;
and Dr. Schliemann has contributed new materials of great value.
The original work[2] was published, at the beginning of this year, as an
octavo volume, accompanied by a large quarto “Atlas” of 217 photographic
plates, containing a Map, Plans, and Views of the Plain of Troy, the
Hill of Hissarlik, and the excavations, with representations of upwards
of 4000 objects selected from the 100,000 and more brought to light by
Dr. Schliemann, which were elaborately described in the letter-press
pages of the Atlas. The photographs were taken for the most part from
drawings; and Dr. Schliemann is the first to acknowledge that their
execution left much to be desired. Many of his original plans and
drawings have been placed at our disposal; and an especial
acknowledgment is due both to Dr. Schliemann and Monsieur Émile Burnouf,
the Director of the French School at Athens, for the use of the
admirable drawings of the terra-cotta _whorls_ and _balls_ made by M.
Burnouf and his accomplished daughter. A selection of about 200 of these
objects, which are among the most interesting of Dr. Schliemann’s
discoveries, occupies the 32 lithographic plates at the end of this
volume. With the exception of the first three Plates (XXI.-XXIII.),
which are copied from the Atlas, in order to give a general view of the
_sections_ of the whorls and the chief _types_ of the patterns upon
them, all the rest are engraved from M. Burnouf’s drawings. They are
given in the _natural size_, and each whorl is accompanied by its
section. The _depth_ at which each object was found among the layers of
_débris_ is a matter of such moment (as will be seen from Dr.
Schliemann’s work) that the Editor felt bound to undertake the great
labour of identifying each with the representation of the same object in
the Atlas, where the depth is marked, to which, unfortunately, the
drawings gave no reference. The few whorls that remain unmarked with
their depth have either escaped this repeated search, or are not
represented in the Atlas. The elaborate descriptions of the material,
style of workmanship, and supposed meanings of the patterns, which M.
Burnouf has inscribed on most of his drawings, are given in the “List of
Illustrations.” The explanations of the patterns are, of course, offered
only as conjectures, possessing the value which they derive from M.
Burnouf’s profound knowledge of Aryan antiquities. Some of the
explanations of the patterns are Dr. Schliemann’s; and the Editor has
added a few descriptions, based on a careful attempt to analyze and
arrange the patterns according to distinct types. Most of these types
are exhibited on Plates XXII. and XXIII.
The selection of the 300 illustrations inserted in the body of the work
has been a matter of no ordinary labour. One chief point, in which the
present work claims to be an improvement on the original, is the
exhibition of the most interesting objects in Dr. Schliemann’s
collection in their proper relation to the descriptions in his text. The
work of selection from 4000 objects, great as was the care it required,
was the smallest part of the difficulty. It is no disparagement to Dr.
Schliemann to recognize the fact that, amidst his occupations at the
work through the long days of spring and summer, and with little
competent help save from Madame Schliemann’s enthusiasm in the cause,
the objects thrown on his hands from day to day could only be arranged
and depicted very imperfectly. The difficulty was greatly enhanced by a
circumstance which should be noticed in following the order of Dr.
Schliemann’s work. It differed greatly from that of his forerunners in
the modern enterprise of penetrating into the mounds that cover the
primeval cities of the world. When, for example, we follow Layard into
the mound of Nimrud, and see how the rooms of the Assyrian palaces
suddenly burst upon him, with their walls lined with sculptured and
inscribed slabs, we seem almost to be reading of Aladdin’s descent into
the treasure-house of jewels. But Schliemann’s work consisted in a
series of transverse cuttings, which laid open sections of the various
strata, from the present surface of the hill to the virgin soil. The
work of one day would often yield objects from almost all the strata;
and each successive trench repeated the old order, more or less, from
the remains of Greek Ilium to those of the first settlers on the hill.
The marvel is that Dr. Schliemann should have been able to preserve any
order at all, rather than that he was obliged to abandon the attempt in
the later Plates of his Atlas (see p. 225); and special thanks are due
for his care in continuing to note the depths of all the objects found.
This has often given the clue to our search, amidst the mixed objects of
a similar nature on the photographic Plates, for those which he
describes in his text, where the figures referred to by Plate and Number
form the exception rather than the rule. We believe that the cases in
which we have failed to find objects really worth representing, or in
which an object named in the text may have been wrongly identified in
the Plates, are so few as in no way to affect the value of the work. How
much, on the other hand, its value is increased by the style in which
our illustrations have been engraved, will be best seen by a comparison
with the photographic Plates. It should be added that the present work
contains all the illustrations that are now generally accessible, as the
Atlas is out of print, and the negatives are understood to be past
further use.
Twelve of the views (Plates II., III., IV., V., VI., VII. A and B, IX.,
X., XI. A and B, and XII., besides the Great Altar, No. 188) were
engraved by Mr. Whymper; all the other views and cuts by Mr. James D.
Cooper; and the lithographed map, plans, and plates of whorls and balls
by Messrs. Cooper and Hodson. In the description appended to each
engraving all that is valuable in the letter-press to the Atlas has been
incorporated, and the depth at which the object was found is added. Some
further descriptions of the Plates are given in the “List of
Illustrations.”
The text of Dr. Schliemann’s work has been translated by Miss L. Dora
Schmitz, and revised throughout by the Editor. The object kept in view
has been a faithful rendering of the Memoirs, in all the freshness due
to their composition on the spot during the progress of the work. That
mode of composition, it is true, involved not a few of those mistakes
and contradictions on matters of opinion, due to the novelty and the
rapid progress of the discoveries, which Dr. Schliemann has confessed
and explained at the opening of his work (see p. 12). To have attempted
a systematic correction and harmonizing of such discrepancies would have
deprived the work of all its freshness, and of much of its value as a
series of landmarks in the history of Dr. Schliemann’s researches, from
his first firm conviction that Troy was to be sought in the Hill of
Hissarlik, to his discovery of the “Scæan Gate” and the “Treasure of
Priam.” The Author’s final conclusions are summed up by himself in the
“Introduction;” and the Editor has thought it enough to add to those
statements, which seemed likely to mislead the reader for a time,
references to the places where the correction may be found. On one point
he has ventured a little further. All the earlier chapters are affected
by the opinion, that the lowest remains on the native rock were those of
the Homeric Troy, which Dr. Schliemann afterwards recognized in the
stratum next above. To avoid perpetual reference to this change of
opinion, the Editor has sometimes omitted or toned down the words “Troy”
and “Trojan” as applied to the _lowest stratum_, and, both in the
“Contents” and running titles, and in the descriptions of the
Illustrations, he has throughout applied those terms to the discoveries
in the _second stratum_, in accordance with Dr. Schliemann’s ultimate
conclusion.
In a very few cases the Editor has ventured to correct what seemed to
him positive errors.[3] He has not deemed it any part of his duty to
discuss the Author’s opinions or to review his conclusions. He has,
however, taken such opportunities as suggested themselves, to set Dr.
Schliemann’s statements in a clearer light by a few illustrative
annotations. Among the rest, the chief passages cited from Homer are
quoted in full, with Lord Derby’s translation, and others have been
added (out of many more which have been noted), as suggesting remarkable
coincidences with the objects found by Dr. Schliemann.
From the manner in which the work was composed, and the great importance
attached by Dr. Schliemann to some leading points of his argument, it
was inevitable that there should be some repetitions, both in the
Memoirs themselves, and between them and the Introduction. These the
Editor has rather endeavoured to abridge than completely to remove. To
have expunged them from the Memoirs would have deprived these of much of
the interest resulting from the discussions which arose out of the
discoveries in their first freshness; to have omitted them from the
Introduction would have marred the completeness of the Author’s summary
of his results. The few repetitions left standing are a fair measure of
the importance which the Author assigns to the points thus insisted on.
A very few passages have been omitted for reasons that would be evident
on a reference to the original; but none of these omissions affect a
single point in Dr. Schliemann’s discoveries.
The _measures_, which Dr. Schliemann gives with the minutest care
throughout his work, have been preserved and converted from the French
metric standard into English measures. This has been done with great
care, though in such constant conversion some errors must of course have
crept in; and _approximate_ numbers have often been given to avoid the
awkwardness of fractions, where _minute_ accuracy seemed needless. In
many cases both the French and English measures are given, not only
because Dr. Schliemann gives both (as he often does), but for another
sufficient reason. A chief key to the significance of the discoveries is
found in the _depths_ of the successive _strata_ of remains, which are
exhibited in the form of a diagram on page 10. The numbers which express
these in _Meters_[4] are so constantly used by Dr. Schliemann, and are
so much simpler than the English equivalents, that they have been kept
as a sort of “memory key” to the strata of remains. For the like reason,
and for simplicity-sake, the depths appended to the Illustrations are
given in meters only. The _Table of French and English Measures_ on page
56 will enable the reader to check our conversions and to make his own.
The Editor has added an Appendix, explaining briefly the present state
of the deeply interesting question concerning the _Inscriptions_ which
have been traced on some of the objects found by Dr. Schliemann.
With these explanations the Editor might be content to leave the work to
the judgment of scholars and of the great body of educated persons, who
have happily been brought up in the knowledge and love of Homer’s
glorious poetry, “the tale of Troy divine,” and of
“Immortal Greece, dear land of glorious lays.”
Long may it be before such training is denied to the imagination of the
young, whether on the low utilitarian ground, or on the more specious
and dangerous plea of making it the select possession of the few who can
acquire it “thoroughly":
Νήπιοι, οὐκ ἴσασιν ὅσῳ πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.
To attempt a discussion of the results of Dr. Schliemann’s discoveries
would be alike beyond the province of an Editor, and premature in the
present state of the investigation. The criticisms called forth both in
England and on the Continent, during the one year that has elapsed since
the publication of the work, are an earnest of the more than ten years’
duration of that new War of Troy for which it has given the signal. The
English reader may obtain some idea of the points that have been brought
under discussion by turning over the file of the “_Academy_” for the
year, not to speak of many reviews of Schliemann’s work in other
periodicals and papers. Without plunging into these varied discussions,
it may be well to indicate briefly certain points that have been
established, some lines of research that have been opened, and some
false issues that need to be avoided.
First of all, the integrity of Dr. Schliemann in the whole matter--of
which his self-sacrificing spirit might surely have been a sufficient
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TRIAL OF
DUNCAN TERIG ALIAS CLERK,
AND
ALEXANDER BANE MACDONALD,
FOR THE MURDER OF
ARTHUR DAVIS,
SERGEANT IN GENERAL GUISE'S REGIMENT OF FOOT.
JUNE,
A.D. M.DCC.LIV.
EDINBURGH:
PRINTED BY BALLANTYNE AND COMPANY.
1831.
TO
THE MEMBERS OF THE BANNATYNE CLUB,
THIS COPY OF A TRIAL,
INVOLVING A CURIOUS POINT OF EVIDENCE,
IS PRESENTED
BY
WALTER SCOTT.
FEBRUARY, M.DCCC.XXXI.
Transcriber's Note: Letters that are printed as superscript are
indicated by being preceeded by a caret (^).
THE BANNATYNE CLUB.
M.DCCC.XXXI.
SIR WALTER SCOTT, BAR^T.
[PRESIDENT.]
THE EARL OF ABERDEEN, K.T.
RIGHT HON. WILLIAM ADAM,
LORD CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF THE JURY COURT.
JAMES BALLANTYNE, ESQ.
SIR WILLIAM MACLEOD BANNATYNE. 5
LORD BELHAVEN AND STENTON.
GEORGE JOSEPH BELL, ESQ.
ROBERT BELL, ESQ.
WILLIAM BELL, ESQ.
JOHN BORTHWICK, ESQ. 10
WILLIAM BLAIR, ESQ.
THE REV. PHILIP BLISS, D.C.L.
GEORGE BRODIE, ESQ.
CHAR
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[Transcriber's Note:
Italic text delimited by underscores.]
The Cambridge Manuals of Science and
Literature
THE STORY OF A LOAF OF BREAD
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
London: FETTER LANE, E.C.
C. F. CLAY, MANAGER
[Illustration]
Edinburgh: 100, PRINCES STREET
London: H. K. LEWIS, 136, GOWER STREET, W.C.
WILLIAM WESLEY & SON, 28, ESSEX STREET, STRAND
Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO.
Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS
New York: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
Bombay and Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
_All rights reserved_
[Illustration:
THE STORY OF
A LOAF OF BREAD
BY
T. B. WOOD, M.A.
Drapers Professor of Agriculture
in the University of Cambridge
Cambridge:
at the University Press
New York:
G. P. Putnam’s Sons
1913]
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
_With the exception of the coat of arms at the foot, the design on
the title page is a reproduction of one used by the earliest known
Cambridge printer, John Siberch, 1521_
PREFACE
I have ventured to write this little book with some diffidence, for it
deals with farming, milling and baking, subjects on which everyone has
his own opinion. In the earlier chapters I have tried to give a brief
sketch of the growing and marketing of wheat. If I have succeeded, the
reader will realise that the farmer’s share in the production of the
staple food of the people is by no means the simple affair it appears
to be. The various operations of farming are so closely interdependent
that even the most complex book-keeping may fail to disentangle the
accounts so as to decide with certainty whether or not any innovation
is profitable. The farmer, especially the small farmer, spends his days
in the open air, and does not feel inclined to indulge in analytical
book-keeping in the evening. Consequently, the onus of demonstrating
the economy of suggested innovations in practice lies with those who
make the suggestions. This is one of the many difficulties which
confronts everyone who sets out to improve agriculture.
In the third and fourth chapters I have discussed the quality of wheat.
I have tried to describe the investigations which are in progress with
the object of improving wheat from the point of view of both the farmer
and the miller, and to give some account of the success with which they
have been attended. Incidentally I have pointed out the difficulties
which pursue any investigation which involves the cultivation
on the large scale of such a crop as wheat, and the consequent
need of adopting due precautions to ensure accuracy before making
recommendations to the farmer. Advice based on insufficient evidence is
more than likely to be misleading. Every piece of misleading advice is
a definite handicap to the progress of agricultural science.
The fifth chapter is devoted to a short outline of the milling
industry. In chapter VI the process of baking is described. In the last
two chapters the composition of bread is discussed at some length. I
have tried to state definitely and without bias which points in this
much debated subject are known with some certainty, and which points
require further investigation.
Throughout the following pages, but especially in chapters III and IV,
I have drawn freely upon the work of my colleagues. I am also much
indebted to my friends, Mr A. E. Humphries, the chairman of the Home
Grown Wheat Committee, and Mr E. S. Beaven of Warminster, whose advice
has always been at my disposal. A list of publications on the various
branches of the subject will be found at the end of the volume.
T. B. W.
GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE,
CAMBRIDGE.
_3 December, 1912._
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
Preface v
I. Wheat-growing 1
II. Marketing 15
III. The quality of wheat 27
IV. The quality of wheat from the miller’s point of view 51
V. The milling of wheat 74
VI. Baking 91
VII. The composition of bread 108
VIII. Concerning different kinds of bread 120
Bibliography 136
Index 139
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG. PAGE
1. Typical ears of wheat 30
2. Bird-proof enclosure for variety testing 34
3. A wheat flower to illustrate the method of cross-fertilising 41
4. Parental types and first and second generation 43
5. Parent varieties in bird-proof enclosure 48
6. Testing new varieties in the field 50
7. Loaves made from Manitoba wheat 54
8. Loaves
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http://gallica.bnf.fr)
THE
DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE
OF THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
VOL. IX.
THE
DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE
OF THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION;
BEING
THE LETTERS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, SILAS DEANE, JOHN ADAMS, JOHN JAY,
ARTHUR LEE, WILLIAM LEE, RALPH IZARD, FRANCIS DANA, WILLIAM
CARMICHAEL, HENRY LAURENS, JOHN LAURENS, M. DE LAFAYETTE, M. DUMAS,
AND OTHERS, CONCERNING THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
DURING THE WHOLE REVOLUTION;
TOGETHER WITH
THE LETTERS IN REPLY FROM THE SECRET COMMITTEE OF CONGRESS, AND THE
SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
ALSO,
THE ENTIRE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE FRENCH MINISTERS, GERARD AND LUZERNE,
WITH CONGRESS.
Published under the Direction of the President of the United States,
from the original Manuscripts in the Department of State, conformably
to a Resolution of Congress, of March 27th, 1818.
EDITED
BY JARED SPARKS.
VOL. IX.
BOSTON:
NATHAN HALE AND GRAY & BOWEN;
G. & C. & H. CARVILL, NEW YORK; P. THOMPSON, WASHINGTON.
1830.
Steam Power Press--W. L. Lewis' Print.
No. 6, Congress Street, Boston.
CONTENTS
OF THE
NINTH VOLUME.
WILLIAM CARMICHAEL'S CORRESPONDENCE.
Page.
To the Committee of Secret Correspondence. Amsterdam,
November 2d, 1776, 5
Sent by Mr Deane on a mission to Berlin.--Disposition of
the Dutch.--Financial credit of the different
powers.--Credit of the United States.--Plan for
attacking the English coasts.--The conduct of Congress
in relation to Portugal has made a favorable
impression.--Offers of a House in Amsterdam to discount
bills of Congress, drawn on certain conditions.
To William Bingham, at Martinique. Paris, June 25th to July
6th, 1777, 14
Reasons for opening a correspondence with him.--Causes
of the temporising policy of France.--The English loan
completed at home.--Dispute between Spain and
Portugal.--Warlike preparations of France and Spain.
To the President of Congress. Yorktown, June 17th, 1778, 19
Receives information of his appointment as Secretary to
the Commissioners.
To the President of Congress. Off Reedy Island, November
25th, 1779, 19
Acknowledges the reception of certain resolutions of
Congress.
To the President of Congress. Martinique, December 27th,
1779, 20
Naval operations of the English and French in the West
Indian Seas.
To John Jay. Madrid, February 18th, 1780, 21
Interview with the Count de Florida Blanca, who promises
to answer Mr Jay's letter.--Advises Mr Jay to prepare
for a journey to Madrid.--Mr Lee's correspondence.
To the President of Congress. Madrid, February 19th, 1780, 23
Favorable reception.--Kindness of the French Ambassador
and of M. Gerard.--English forces.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Aranjues, May 28th,
1780, 24
Difficulty of communication.--Dispositions of the
Spanish Court.--English policy in Spain.--Dispositions
of the other European powers.--Bills on Mr Jay.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, July 17th,
1780, 30
Mr Cumberland, English agent at Madrid.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. St Ildefonso, August
22d, 1780, 32
Finances of Spain.--Mr Cumberland.--Armed
neutrality.--Naval forces and operations of France and
Spain.--M. Gardoqui succeeds M. Miralles.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. St Ildefonso, September
9th, 1780, 38
Failure of the Spanish loan attributed to M.
Necker.--Scheme of the loan.--Unsettled policy of
Spain.--Armed neutrality.--The navigation of the
Mississippi the chief obstacle to the opening of
negotiations with Spain.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. St Ildefonso, September
25th, 1780, 43
Supplies from Spain.--Conference with the Count de
Florida Blanca.--The Count declares that Spain will
never relinquish the exclusive navigation of the
Mississippi.--Finances of the belligerent powers.--The
Count de Montmorin.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, October 15th,
1780, 47
The Spanish government finds it difficult to raise
money.--The armed neutrality and Holland.--Revolt in
Peru.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, November 28th,
1780, 50
Finances and financial operations of Spain.--Vigorous
preparations of England.--Spain aims at the exclusive
possession of the Gulf of Mexico.--The European powers
are jealous of the House of Bourbon.--Suggests the
expediency in securing the alliance of Spain by further
concessions.--Proceedings in Holland.--The Count de
Vergennes informs Mr Jay that France cannot pay the
bills drawn on him.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, December 19th,
1780, 56
Amount of bills drawn on Mr Jay.--Accession of Holland
to the armed neutrality.--Disposition of the
Emperor.--Mr Cumberland continues to reside at Madrid.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, January 4th,
1781, 58
England declares war against Holland.--Supplies promised
by Spain.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, January 29th,
1781, 59
Offer of mediation by the German Emperor and the Empress
of Russia.--Spanish policy in regard to America.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, February 22d,
1781, 62
Supplies.--Imperial offer of mediation.--Russia
unfavorably disposed towards England.--English
preparations.--French preparations.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, March 4th,
1781, 66
M. Gardoqui.--The correspondence of the American
Ministers is known to the European governments, by
opening the letters.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, March 11th,
1781, 68
Mr Cumberland intends to leave Spain.--Naval forces of
the belligerents.--Bad consequences of the mutiny of the
Pennsylvania line.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Aranjues, May 25th,
1781, 69
Secret armament preparing at Cadiz.--Difficulty of
communicating safely with America.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Aranjues, May 26th,
1781, 70
Naval operations.--Supplies granted by France.--Probable
destination of the force raising in the South of Spain.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Aranjues, June 2d,
1781, 72
Dismission of M. Necker disagreeable to the Court of
Spain.--M. Necker not favorable to the granting of
supplies to the United States.--His character.--Proposed
mediation by the Court of Vienna.
James Lovell to William Carmichael. Philadelphia, June 15th,
1781, 74
His communications have been valuable to Congress.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. St Ildefonso, August
16th, 1781, 75
Progress of the negotiations.--Loans raised by
Spain.--Bills on Mr Jay.--Apprehensions that the demands
of Spain may delay the general peace.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. St Ildefonso, September
28th, 1781, 78
The Court promises to appoint a person to treat.--M. Del
Campo.--Little prospect of a general negotiation.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, October 5th,
1781, 81
No progress has been made in the
negotiation.--Complaints against Commodore Gillon.--The
rebellion in Peru quelled.
To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, November 17th,
1781, 84
Arrest of an English agent.--No progress towards opening
a conference with Mr Jay.--Animosity of the Irish at the
Spanish Court against America.--Account of M.
Cabarrus.--Spanish expedition against their
Colonies.--French naval expeditions.--State of affairs
in Holland and France.
Robert R. Livingston to William Carmichael. Philadelphia,
December 20th, 1781, 91
Mr Carmichael's communications valuable to
Congress.--Commodore Gillon is not in a United States
ship.--Delays of Spain beget feelings of ill-will in
America.--Evacuation of Wilmington.
To Robert R. Livingston. Madrid, December 20th, 1781, 94
Motives of his correspondence.--Delays of
Spain.--General satisfaction in Spain at the capture of
Lord Cornwallis.--Imperial and Swedish Ambassador desire
to favor the trade with America.--Advances by M.
Cabarrus.--State of the sieges of Gibraltar and
Mahon.--M. Cabarrus's plan of a new bank.--Spain
endeavors to discourage the commerce of foreigners in
her ports.--Attempt to exclude salt-fish, by the sale of
indulgences permitting the use of meat on fast
days.--Character of the Spanish Ministry.
To Robert R. Livingston. Madrid, December 24th, 1781, 102
Mr Jay receives promises of supplies.--The Count de
Florida Blanca also promises to interfere with Portugal
in favor of the United States.--Probable consequences
of the death of the Empress.--Proceedings of England.
To Robert R. Livingston. Madrid, Feb. 18th, 1782, 105
Difficulty of meeting the drafts.--Financial
embarrassments of the Spanish Court.--Capitulation of
Mahon.--Imperial mediation.--Reply of Lord Stormont to
the proposal.
To Robert R. Livingston. Madrid, February 27th, 1782, 111
Mr Jay is unable to obtain supplies.--No progress made
toward negotiations.--The King of England is said to be
determined to push the war in America.
To Robert R. Livingston. Madrid, April 14th, 1782, 113
Mr Jay obliged to protest bills.--Conduct of the Spanish
Minister on this occasion.--The Spanish Court delays
negotiations from policy.--Colonial
disturbances.--Reforms of the Emperor.
Robert R. Livingston to William Carmichael. Philadelphia,
May 1st, 1782, 120
Desires a continuance of his correspondence.--Affair of
Captain Huddy.
To Robert R. Livingston. Madrid, June 12th, 1782, 122
The Spanish Ministers show no inclination to
treat.--Jealousy of the House of Bourbon among the
European powers.--Financial difficulties of
Spain.--Siege of Gibraltar.
Robert R. Livingston to William Carmichael. Philadelphia,
July 6th, 1782, 124
Complains of want of information.--Payment of salaries.
To Robert R. Livingston. St Ildefonso, July 8th, 1782, 126
Interview with
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HISTORY
OF THE
EIGHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY,
DURING ITS TERM OF SERVICE.
By J. R. KINNEAR,
Cruger, Woodford County, Illinois.
CHICAGO:
TRIBUNE COMPANY'S BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE.
1866.
TO THE
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN
OF THE
EIGHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY,
_This volume is respectfully dedicated, by_
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE.
The history of the Eighty-sixth Illinois was written in part while the
regiment was yet in the service, merely for the gratification of a
personal desire; but since its muster out, the author has been
frequently urged by many of his friends to have it published, that they
might share what he alone enjoyed. He complied with an earnest request
from Colonel Fahnestock to meet himself, General Magee, Major Thomas,
Dr. Guth, Captain Zinser and others at Peoria, to have the manuscript
examined before publication. It was met by their hearty approval, and
an eager desire on their part to have it published; at the same time
giving the assurance that they would lend their whole influence in
getting it before the public. For these reasons the author has been
induced to present this little volume to his comrades and friends, in
the hope that it will receive their hearty welcome.
The history of the Eighty-sixth is also the history of the 85th, 125th
and 110th Illinois, together with the 52nd Ohio and 22nd Indiana, all
of the same brigade. Particular mention has been made of these
regiments, for they were to the Eighty-sixth a band of faithful
brothers.
The author acknowledges himself indebted to Colonel Fahnestock, Major
Thomas, Captain Major, and Acting Adjutant Loveland, for the kind
assistance and encouragement they have given him in preparing this
history for publication, and to them he attributes the merit of this
work, if it possesses merit.
THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
ORGANIZATION AND MARCH TO NASHVILLE--ABOUT NASHVILLE 9-18
CHAPTER II.
MARCH TO CHATTANOOGA--THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA 19-28
CHAPTER III.
MISSION RIDGE AND KNOXVILLE 29-36
CHAPTER IV.
ABOUT CHATTANOOGA 37-46
CHAPTER V.
CAMPAIGN AGAINST ATLANTA 47-71
CHAPTER VI.
TO THE REAR 72-78
CHAPTER VII.
RAID TO THE SEA 79-91
CHAPTER VIII.
RAID THROUGH SOUTH CAROLINA--BATTLES OF AVERYSBORO
AND BENTONVILLE 92-108
CHAPTER IX.
CAPTURE OF JOHNSTON'S ARMY 109-114
CHAPTER X.
HOMEWARD BOUND 115-125
REGIMENTAL ROSTER 126-128
CAPTAIN BURKHALTER'S ADVENTURE 129-130
SOLDIERS' LETTERS 131-132
BATTLE 133-134
FARMING IN THE SOUTH 135-137
REBEL LETTER 138-139
HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
ORGANIZATION, AND MARCH TO NASHVILLE--ABOUT NASHVILLE.
The Eighty-sixth Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized
at Peoria in the latter part of August, 1862. David D. Irons was made
Colonel; David W. Magee, Lieutenant-Colonel; J. S. Bean, Major, and J.
E. Prescott, Adjutant.
On the 26th of August the captains of the several companies drew lots
for the letters of their companies, and on the next day the regiment
was mustered into the United States service for the period of three
years or during the war. On the 29th of the same month it received one
month's pay, amounting to thirteen dollars. Nothing more of importance
occurred until the 6th of September, when the regiment drew its guns
and its first suit of army blue. While at Peoria the Eighty-sixth was
rendezvoused at Camp Lyon, a name given it by Colonel Irons. Time
passed slowly, for all were anxious to move to the seat of war, and
were not at rest till they did. Finally, orders came, and on the 7th of
September the regiment boarded the cars for Louisville.
Every member of the Eighty-sixth left Peoria with mingled feelings of
pleasure and pain--pleasure, that they were about to participate in the
great struggle for Union and Liberty--pain, that they were called upon
to part with their nearest and dearest friends. It was on Sunday
morning; beautiful and bright the sun shone
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