Datasets:

clinicalnlplab

/

BC5CDR_chemical_train

like 0

Follow

Clinical NLP Lab 24

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Selegiline - induced postural hypotension in Parkinson ' s disease : a longitudinal study on the effects of drug withdrawal . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Selegiline</span> - induced postural hypotension in Parkinson ' s disease : a longitudinal study on the effects of drug withdrawal .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: OBJECTIVES : The United Kingdom Parkinson ' s Disease Research Group ( UKPDRG ) trial found an increased mortality in patients with Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) randomized to receive 10 mg selegiline per day and L - dopa compared with those taking L - dopa alone . ### Output Text:

OBJECTIVES : The United Kingdom Parkinson ' s Disease Research Group ( UKPDRG ) trial found an increased mortality in patients with Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) randomized to receive 10 mg <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> per day and <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> compared with those taking <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> alone .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Recently , we found that therapy with selegiline and L - dopa was associated with selective systolic orthostatic hypotension which was abolished by withdrawal of selegiline . ### Output Text:

Recently , we found that therapy with <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> and <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> was associated with selective systolic orthostatic hypotension which was abolished by withdrawal of <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This unwanted effect on postural blood pressure was not the result of underlying autonomic failure . ### Output Text:

This unwanted effect on postural blood pressure was not the result of underlying autonomic failure .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The aims of this study were to confirm our previous findings in a separate cohort of patients and to determine the time course of the cardiovascular consequences of stopping selegiline in the expectation that this might shed light on the mechanisms by which the drug causes orthostatic hypotension . ### Output Text:

The aims of this study were to confirm our previous findings in a separate cohort of patients and to determine the time course of the cardiovascular consequences of stopping <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> in the expectation that this might shed light on the mechanisms by which the drug causes orthostatic hypotension .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: METHODS : The cardiovascular responses to standing and head - up tilt were studied repeatedly in PD patients receiving selegiline and as the drug was withdrawn . ### Output Text:

METHODS : The cardiovascular responses to standing and head - up tilt were studied repeatedly in PD patients receiving <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> and as the drug was withdrawn .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : Head - up tilt caused systolic orthostatic hypotension which was marked in six of 20 PD patients on selegiline , one of whom lost consciousness with unrecordable blood pressures . ### Output Text:

RESULTS : Head - up tilt caused systolic orthostatic hypotension which was marked in six of 20 PD patients on <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> , one of whom lost consciousness with unrecordable blood pressures .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A lesser degree of orthostatic hypotension occurred with standing . ### Output Text:

A lesser degree of orthostatic hypotension occurred with standing .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Orthostatic hypotension was ameliorated 4 days after withdrawal of selegiline and totally abolished 7 days after discontinuation of the drug . ### Output Text:

Orthostatic hypotension was ameliorated 4 days after withdrawal of <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> and totally abolished 7 days after discontinuation of the drug .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Stopping selegiline also significantly reduced the supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures consistent with a previously undescribed supine pressor action . ### Output Text:

Stopping <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> also significantly reduced the supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures consistent with a previously undescribed supine pressor action .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSION : This study confirms our previous finding that selegiline in combination with L - dopa is associated with selective orthostatic hypotension . ### Output Text:

CONCLUSION : This study confirms our previous finding that <span class="chemical">selegiline</span> in combination with <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> is associated with selective orthostatic hypotension .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The possibilities that these cardiovascular findings might be the result of non - selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase or of amphetamine and metamphetamine are discussed . ### Output Text:

The possibilities that these cardiovascular findings might be the result of non - selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase or of <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> and <span class="chemical">metamphetamine</span> are discussed .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Further studies on effects of irrigation solutions on rat bladders . ### Output Text:

Further studies on effects of irrigation solutions on rat bladders .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Further studies on the effects of certain irrigating fluids on the rat bladder for 18 hours are reported . ### Output Text:

Further studies on the effects of certain irrigating fluids on the rat bladder for 18 hours are reported .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The results have shown that the degradation product p - choloroaniline is not a significant factor in chlorhexidine - digluconate associated erosive cystitis . ### Output Text:

The results have shown that the degradation product <span class="chemical">p - choloroaniline</span> is not a significant factor in <span class="chemical">chlorhexidine - digluconate</span> associated erosive cystitis .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A high percentage of kanamycin - colistin and povidone - iodine irrigations were associated with erosive cystitis and suggested a possible complication with human usage . ### Output Text:

A high percentage of <span class="chemical">kanamycin</span> - <span class="chemical">colistin</span> and <span class="chemical">povidone - iodine</span> irrigations were associated with erosive cystitis and suggested a possible complication with human usage .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Picloxydine irrigations appeared to have a lower incidence of erosive cystitis but further studies would have to be performed before it could be recommended for use in urological procedures . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Picloxydine</span> irrigations appeared to have a lower incidence of erosive cystitis but further studies would have to be performed before it could be recommended for use in urological procedures .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on experimental thrombosis in mice and human platelet aggregation . ### Output Text:

Effects of <span class="chemical">tetrandrine</span> and <span class="chemical">fangchinoline</span> on experimental thrombosis in mice and human platelet aggregation .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Tetrandrine ( TET ) and fangchinoline ( FAN ) are two naturally occurring analogues with a bisbenzylisoquinoline structure . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Tetrandrine</span> ( <span class="chemical">TET</span> ) and <span class="chemical">fangchinoline</span> ( <span class="chemical">FAN</span> ) are two naturally occurring analogues with a <span class="chemical">bisbenzylisoquinoline</span> structure .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of TET and FAN on the experimental thrombosis induced by collagen plus epinephrine ( EP ) in mice , and platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro . ### Output Text:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of <span class="chemical">TET</span> and <span class="chemical">FAN</span> on the experimental thrombosis induced by collagen plus <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> ( <span class="chemical">EP</span> ) in mice , and platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In the in vivo study , the administration ( 50 mg / kg , i . p . ) of TET and FAN in mice showed the inhibition of thrombosis by 55 % and 35 % , respectively , while acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA , 50 mg / kg , i . p . ) , a positive control , showed only 30 % inhibition . ### Output Text:

In the in vivo study , the administration ( 50 mg / kg , i . p . ) of <span class="chemical">TET</span> and <span class="chemical">FAN</span> in mice showed the inhibition of thrombosis by 55 % and 35 % , respectively , while <span class="chemical">acetylsalicylic acid</span> ( <span class="chemical">ASA</span> , 50 mg / kg , i . p . ) , a positive control , showed only 30 % inhibition .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In the vitro human platelet aggregations induced by the agonists used in tests , TET and FAN showed the inhibitions dose dependently . ### Output Text:

In the vitro human platelet aggregations induced by the agonists used in tests , <span class="chemical">TET</span> and <span class="chemical">FAN</span> showed the inhibitions dose dependently .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In addition , neither TET nor FAN showed any anticoagulation activities in the measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time ( APTT ) , prothrombin time ( PT ) and thrombin time ( TT ) using human - citrated plasma . ### Output Text:

In addition , neither <span class="chemical">TET</span> nor <span class="chemical">FAN</span> showed any anticoagulation activities in the measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time ( APTT ) , prothrombin time ( PT ) and thrombin time ( TT ) using human - citrated plasma .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These results suggest that antithrombosis of TET and FAN in mice may be mainly related to the antiplatelet aggregation activities . ### Output Text:

These results suggest that antithrombosis of <span class="chemical">TET</span> and <span class="chemical">FAN</span> in mice may be mainly related to the antiplatelet aggregation activities .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Angioedema due to ACE inhibitors : common and inadequately diagnosed . ### Output Text:

Angioedema due to <span class="chemical">ACE inhibitors</span> : common and inadequately diagnosed .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The estimated incidence of angioedema during angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor treatment is between 1 and 7 per thousand patients . ### Output Text:

The estimated incidence of angioedema during <span class="chemical">angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor</span> treatment is between 1 and 7 per thousand patients .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This potentially serious adverse effect is often preceded by minor manifestations that may serve as a warning . ### Output Text:

This potentially serious adverse effect is often preceded by minor manifestations that may serve as a warning .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Cocaine - induced mood disorder : prevalence rates and psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient cocaine - dependent sample . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Cocaine</span> - induced mood disorder : prevalence rates and psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - dependent sample .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This paper attempts to examine and compare prevalence rates and symptom patterns of DSM substance - induced and other mood disorders . ### Output Text:

This paper attempts to examine and compare prevalence rates and symptom patterns of DSM substance - induced and other mood disorders .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: 243 cocaine - dependent outpatients with cocaine - induced mood disorder ( CIMD ) , other mood disorders , or no mood disorder were compared on measures of psychiatric symptoms . ### Output Text:

243 <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - dependent outpatients with <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced mood disorder ( CIMD ) , other mood disorders , or no mood disorder were compared on measures of psychiatric symptoms .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The prevalence rate for CIMD was 12 % at baseline . ### Output Text:

The prevalence rate for CIMD was 12 % at baseline .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Introduction of the DSM - IV diagnosis of CIMD did not substantially affect rates of the other depressive disorders . ### Output Text:

Introduction of the DSM - IV diagnosis of CIMD did not substantially affect rates of the other depressive disorders .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Patients with CIMD had symptom severity levels between those of patients with and without a mood disorder . ### Output Text:

Patients with CIMD had symptom severity levels between those of patients with and without a mood disorder .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These findings suggest some validity for the new DSM - IV diagnosis of CIMD , but also suggest that it requires further specification and replication . ### Output Text:

These findings suggest some validity for the new DSM - IV diagnosis of CIMD , but also suggest that it requires further specification and replication .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Effect of fucoidan treatment on collagenase - induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats . ### Output Text:

Effect of <span class="chemical">fucoidan</span> treatment on collagenase - induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Inflammatory cells are postulated to mediate some of the brain damage following ischemic stroke . ### Output Text:

Inflammatory cells are postulated to mediate some of the brain damage following ischemic stroke .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with more inflammation than ischemic stroke . ### Output Text:

Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with more inflammation than ischemic stroke .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We tested the sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan , which has been reported to reduce inflammatory brain damage , in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage induced by injection of bacterial collagenase into the caudate nucleus . ### Output Text:

We tested the sulfated polysaccharide <span class="chemical">fucoidan</span> , which has been reported to reduce inflammatory brain damage , in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage induced by injection of bacterial collagenase into the caudate nucleus .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Rats were treated with seven day intravenous infusion of fucoidan ( 30 micrograms h - 1 ) or vehicle . ### Output Text:

Rats were treated with seven day intravenous infusion of <span class="chemical">fucoidan</span> ( 30 micrograms h - 1 ) or vehicle .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The hematoma was assessed in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging . ### Output Text:

The hematoma was assessed in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Motor behavior , passive avoidance , and skilled forelimb function were tested repeatedly for six weeks . ### Output Text:

Motor behavior , passive avoidance , and skilled forelimb function were tested repeatedly for six weeks .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Fucoidan - treated rats exhibited evidence of impaired blood clotting and hemodilution , had larger hematomas , and tended to have less inflammation in the vicinity of the hematoma after three days . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Fucoidan</span> - treated rats exhibited evidence of impaired blood clotting and hemodilution , had larger hematomas , and tended to have less inflammation in the vicinity of the hematoma after three days .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: They showed significantly more rapid improvement of motor function in the first week following hemorrhage and better memory retention in the passive avoidance test . ### Output Text:

They showed significantly more rapid improvement of motor function in the first week following hemorrhage and better memory retention in the passive avoidance test .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Acute white matter edema and eventual neuronal loss in the striatum adjacent to the hematoma did not differ between the two groups . ### Output Text:

Acute white matter edema and eventual neuronal loss in the striatum adjacent to the hematoma did not differ between the two groups .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Investigation of more specific anti - inflammatory agents and hemodiluting agents are warranted in intracerebral hemorrhage . ### Output Text:

Investigation of more specific anti - inflammatory agents and hemodiluting agents are warranted in intracerebral hemorrhage .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Recurarization in the recovery room . ### Output Text:

Recurarization in the recovery room .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A case of recurarization in the recovery room is reported . ### Output Text:

A case of recurarization in the recovery room is reported .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Accumulation of atracurium in the intravenous line led to recurarization after flushing the line in the recovery room . ### Output Text:

Accumulation of <span class="chemical">atracurium</span> in the intravenous line led to recurarization after flushing the line in the recovery room .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A respiratory arrest with severe desaturation and bradycardia occurred . ### Output Text:

A respiratory arrest with severe desaturation and bradycardia occurred .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Circumstances leading to this event and the mechanisms enabling a neuromuscular blockade to occur , following the administration of a small dose of relaxant , are discussed . ### Output Text:

Circumstances leading to this event and the mechanisms enabling a neuromuscular blockade to occur , following the administration of a small dose of relaxant , are discussed .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine in elderly patients ( ASA groups 3 and 4 ) . ### Output Text:

The haemodynamic effects of <span class="chemical">propofol</span> in combination with <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> in elderly patients ( ASA groups 3 and 4 ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The marked vasodilator and negative inotropic effects of propofol are disadvantages in frail elderly patients . ### Output Text:

The marked vasodilator and negative inotropic effects of <span class="chemical">propofol</span> are disadvantages in frail elderly patients .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We investigated the safety and efficacy of adding different doses of ephedrine to propofol in order to obtund the hypotensive response . ### Output Text:

We investigated the safety and efficacy of adding different doses of <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> to <span class="chemical">propofol</span> in order to obtund the hypotensive response .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The haemodynamic effects of adding 15 , 20 or 25 mg of ephedrine to 200 mg of propofol were compared to control in 40 ASA 3 / 4 patients over 60 years presenting for genito - urinary surgery . ### Output Text:

The haemodynamic effects of adding 15 , 20 or 25 mg of <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> to 200 mg of <span class="chemical">propofol</span> were compared to control in 40 ASA 3 / 4 patients over 60 years presenting for genito - urinary surgery .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The addition of ephedrine to propofol appears to be an effective method of obtunding the hypotensive response to propofol at all doses used in this study . ### Output Text:

The addition of <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> to <span class="chemical">propofol</span> appears to be an effective method of obtunding the hypotensive response to <span class="chemical">propofol</span> at all doses used in this study .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: However , marked tachycardia associated with the use of ephedrine in combination with propofol occurred in the majority of patients , occasionally reaching high levels in individual patients . ### Output Text:

However , marked tachycardia associated with the use of <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> in combination with <span class="chemical">propofol</span> occurred in the majority of patients , occasionally reaching high levels in individual patients .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Due to the risk of this tachycardia inducing myocardial ischemia , we would not recommend the use in elderly patients of any of the ephedrine / propofol / mixtures studied . ### Output Text:

Due to the risk of this tachycardia inducing myocardial ischemia , we would not recommend the use in elderly patients of any of the <span class="chemical">ephedrine</span> / <span class="chemical">propofol</span> / mixtures studied .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients age 70 years or older or patients who cannot receive cisplatin . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Gemcitabine</span> plus <span class="chemical">vinorelbine</span> in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients age 70 years or older or patients who cannot receive <span class="chemical">cisplatin</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Oncopaz Cooperative Group . ### Output Text:

Oncopaz Cooperative Group .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Although the prevalence of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) is high among elderly patients , few data are available regarding the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in this group of patients . ### Output Text:

BACKGROUND : Although the prevalence of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) is high among elderly patients , few data are available regarding the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in this group of patients .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Recent reports indicate that single agent therapy with vinorelbine ( VNB ) or gemcitabine ( GEM ) may obtain a response rate of 20 - 30 % in elderly patients , with acceptable toxicity and improvement in symptoms and quality of life . ### Output Text:

Recent reports indicate that single agent therapy with <span class="chemical">vinorelbine</span> ( <span class="chemical">VNB</span> ) or <span class="chemical">gemcitabine</span> ( <span class="chemical">GEM</span> ) may obtain a response rate of 20 - 30 % in elderly patients , with acceptable toxicity and improvement in symptoms and quality of life .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In the current study the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of GEM and VNB in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC or those with some contraindication to receiving cisplatin were assessed . ### Output Text:

In the current study the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of <span class="chemical">GEM</span> and <span class="chemical">VNB</span> in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC or those with some contraindication to receiving <span class="chemical">cisplatin</span> were assessed .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: METHODS : Forty - nine patients with advanced NSCLC were included , 38 of whom were age > / = 70 years and 11 were age < 70 years but who had some contraindication to receiving cisplatin . ### Output Text:

METHODS : Forty - nine patients with advanced NSCLC were included , 38 of whom were age > / = 70 years and 11 were age < 70 years but who had some contraindication to receiving <span class="chemical">cisplatin</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity . ### Output Text:

All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Treatment was comprised of VNB , 25 mg / m ( 2 ) , plus GEM , 1000 mg / m ( 2 ) , both on Days 1 , 8 , and 15 every 28 days . ### Output Text:

Treatment was comprised of <span class="chemical">VNB</span> , 25 mg / m ( 2 ) , plus <span class="chemical">GEM</span> , 1000 mg / m ( 2 ) , both on Days 1 , 8 , and 15 every 28 days .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Patients received a minimum of three courses unless progressive disease was detected . ### Output Text:

Patients received a minimum of three courses unless progressive disease was detected .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : One hundred sixty - five courses were administered , with a median of 3 . ### Output Text:

RESULTS : One hundred sixty - five courses were administered , with a median of 3 .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: 6 courses per patient . ### Output Text:

6 courses per patient .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The overall response rate was 26 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 15 - 41 % ) . ### Output Text:

The overall response rate was 26 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 15 - 41 % ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Two patients attained a complete response ( 4 % ) and 11 patients ( 22 % ) achieved a partial response . ### Output Text:

Two patients attained a complete response ( 4 % ) and 11 patients ( 22 % ) achieved a partial response .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status improved in 35 % of those patients with an initial value > 0 , whereas relief of at least 1 symptom without worsening of other symptoms was noted in 27 patients ( 55 % ) . ### Output Text:

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status improved in 35 % of those patients with an initial value > 0 , whereas relief of at least 1 symptom without worsening of other symptoms was noted in 27 patients ( 55 % ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The median time to progression was 16 weeks and the 1 - year survival rate was 33 % . ### Output Text:

The median time to progression was 16 weeks and the 1 - year survival rate was 33 % .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Toxicity was mild . ### Output Text:

Toxicity was mild .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Six patients ( 12 % ) had World Health Organization Grade 3 - 4 neutropenia , 2 patients ( 4 % ) had Grade 3 - 4 thrombocytopenia , and 2 patients ( 4 % ) had Grade 3 neurotoxicity . ### Output Text:

Six patients ( 12 % ) had World Health Organization Grade 3 - 4 neutropenia , 2 patients ( 4 % ) had Grade 3 - 4 thrombocytopenia , and 2 patients ( 4 % ) had Grade 3 neurotoxicity .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Three patients with severe neutropenia ( 6 % ) died of sepsis . ### Output Text:

Three patients with severe neutropenia ( 6 % ) died of sepsis .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The median age of those patients developing Grade 3 - 4 neutropenia was significantly higher than that of the remaining patients ( 75 years vs . 72 years ; P = 0 . 047 ) . ### Output Text:

The median age of those patients developing Grade 3 - 4 neutropenia was significantly higher than that of the remaining patients ( 75 years vs . 72 years ; P = 0 . 047 ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : The combination of GEM and VNB is moderately active and well tolerated except in patients age > / = 75 years . ### Output Text:

CONCLUSIONS : The combination of <span class="chemical">GEM</span> and <span class="chemical">VNB</span> is moderately active and well tolerated except in patients age > / = 75 years .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This age group had an increased risk of myelosuppression . ### Output Text:

This age group had an increased risk of myelosuppression .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Therefore the prophylactic use of granulocyte - colony stimulating factor should be considered with this treatment . ### Output Text:

Therefore the prophylactic use of granulocyte - colony stimulating factor should be considered with this treatment .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: New chemotherapy combinations with higher activity and lower toxicity are needed for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC . ### Output Text:

New chemotherapy combinations with higher activity and lower toxicity are needed for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist , NRA0160 : a preclinical neuropharmacological profile . ### Output Text:

A selective <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> D4 receptor antagonist , <span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> : a preclinical neuropharmacological profile .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 , 5 - [ 2 - ( 4 - ( 3 - fluorobenzylidene ) piperidin - 1 - yl ) ethyl ] - 4 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) thiazole - 2 - carboxamide , has a high affinity for human cloned dopamine D4 . 2 , D4 . 4 and D4 . 7 receptors , with Ki values of 0 . 5 , 0 . 9 and 2 . 7 nM , respectively . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> , <span class="chemical">5 - [ 2 - ( 4 - ( 3 - fluorobenzylidene ) piperidin - 1 - yl ) ethyl ] - 4 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) thiazole - 2 - carboxamide</span> , has a high affinity for human cloned <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> D4 . 2 , D4 . 4 and D4 . 7 receptors , with Ki values of 0 . 5 , 0 . 9 and 2 . 7 nM , respectively .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 is over 20 , 000fold more potent at the dopamine D4 . 2 receptor compared with the human cloned dopamine D2L receptor . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> is over 20 , 000fold more potent at the <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> D4 . 2 receptor compared with the human cloned <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> D2L receptor .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 has negligible affinity for the human cloned dopamine D3 receptor ( Ki = 39 nM ) , rat serotonin ( 5 - HT ) 2A receptors ( Ki = 180 nM ) and rat alpha1 adrenoceptor ( Ki = 237 nM ) . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> has negligible affinity for the human cloned <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> D3 receptor ( Ki = 39 nM ) , rat <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> ( <span class="chemical">5 - HT</span> ) 2A receptors ( Ki = 180 nM ) and rat alpha1 adrenoceptor ( Ki = 237 nM ) .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 and clozapine antagonized locomotor hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine ( MAP ) in mice . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> and <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> antagonized locomotor hyperactivity induced by <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> ( <span class="chemical">MAP</span> ) in mice .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 and clozapine antagonized MAP - induced stereotyped behavior in mice , although their effects did not exceed 50 % inhibition , even at the highest dose given . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> and <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> antagonized <span class="chemical">MAP</span> - induced stereotyped behavior in mice , although their effects did not exceed 50 % inhibition , even at the highest dose given .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 and clozapine significantly induced catalepsy in rats , although their effects did not exceed 50 % induction even at the highest dose given . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> and <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> significantly induced catalepsy in rats , although their effects did not exceed 50 % induction even at the highest dose given .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 and clozapine significantly reversed the disruption of prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) in rats produced by apomorphine . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> and <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> significantly reversed the disruption of prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) in rats produced by <span class="chemical">apomorphine</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NRA0160 and clozapine significantly shortened the phencyclidine ( PCP ) - induced prolonged swimming latency in rats in a water maze task . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> and <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> significantly shortened the <span class="chemical">phencyclidine</span> ( <span class="chemical">PCP</span> ) - induced prolonged swimming latency in rats in a water maze task .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These findings suggest that NRA0160 may have unique antipsychotic activities without the liability of motor side effects typical of classical antipsychotics . ### Output Text:

These findings suggest that <span class="chemical">NRA0160</span> may have unique antipsychotic activities without the liability of motor side effects typical of classical antipsychotics .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Warfarin - induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and vitamin D . ### Output Text:

<span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> - induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and <span class="chemical">vitamin D</span> .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The present studies demonstrate that growth and vitamin D treatment enhance the extent of artery calcification in rats given sufficient doses of Warfarin to inhibit gamma - carboxylation of matrix Gla protein , a calcification inhibitor known to be expressed by smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the artery wall . ### Output Text:

The present studies demonstrate that growth and <span class="chemical">vitamin D</span> treatment enhance the extent of artery calcification in rats given sufficient doses of <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> to inhibit gamma - carboxylation of matrix Gla protein , a calcification inhibitor known to be expressed by smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the artery wall .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The first series of experiments examined the influence of age and growth status on artery calcification in Warfarin - treated rats . ### Output Text:

The first series of experiments examined the influence of age and growth status on artery calcification in <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> - treated rats .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Treatment for 2 weeks with Warfarin caused massive focal calcification of the artery media in 20 - day - old rats and less extensive focal calcification in 42 - day - old rats . ### Output Text:

Treatment for 2 weeks with <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> caused massive focal calcification of the artery media in 20 - day - old rats and less extensive focal calcification in 42 - day - old rats .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In contrast , no artery calcification could be detected in 10 - month - old adult rats even after 4 weeks of Warfarin treatment . ### Output Text:

In contrast , no artery calcification could be detected in 10 - month - old adult rats even after 4 weeks of <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> treatment .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: To directly examine the importance of growth to Warfarin - induced artery calcification in animals of the same age , 20 - day - old rats were fed for 2 weeks either an ad libitum diet or a 6 - g / d restricted diet that maintains weight but prevents growth . ### Output Text:

To directly examine the importance of growth to <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> - induced artery calcification in animals of the same age , 20 - day - old rats were fed for 2 weeks either an ad libitum diet or a 6 - g / d restricted diet that maintains weight but prevents growth .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Concurrent treatment of both dietary groups with Warfarin produced massive focal calcification of the artery media in the ad libitum - fed rats but no detectable artery calcification in the restricted - diet , growth - inhibited group . ### Output Text:

Concurrent treatment of both dietary groups with <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> produced massive focal calcification of the artery media in the ad libitum - fed rats but no detectable artery calcification in the restricted - diet , growth - inhibited group .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Although the explanation for the association between artery calcification and growth status cannot be determined from the present study , there was a relationship between higher serum phosphate and susceptibility to artery calcification , with 30 % higher levels of serum phosphate in young , ad libitum - fed rats compared with either of the groups that was resistant to Warfarin - induced artery calcification , ie , the 10 - month - old rats and the restricted - diet , growth - inhibited young rats . ### Output Text:

Although the explanation for the association between artery calcification and growth status cannot be determined from the present study , there was a relationship between higher serum <span class="chemical">phosphate</span> and susceptibility to artery calcification , with 30 % higher levels of serum <span class="chemical">phosphate</span> in young , ad libitum - fed rats compared with either of the groups that was resistant to <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> - induced artery calcification , ie , the 10 - month - old rats and the restricted - diet , growth - inhibited young rats .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This observation suggests that increased susceptibility to Warfarin - induced artery calcification could be related to higher serum phosphate levels . ### Output Text:

This observation suggests that increased susceptibility to <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> - induced artery calcification could be related to higher serum <span class="chemical">phosphate</span> levels .

In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The second set of experiments examined the possible synergy between vitamin D and Warfarin in artery calcification . ### Output Text:

The second set of experiments examined the possible synergy between <span class="chemical">vitamin D</span> and <span class="chemical">Warfarin</span> in artery calcification .