question
stringlengths 2
1.01k
| answer
stringlengths 1
3.75k
| passage
listlengths 1
10
| data_type
stringclasses 17
values | cot
stringlengths 4
1.16k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the final degree of Masonry?
|
Master Mason
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason. In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?
|
North Anna Nuclear Generating Station
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?
|
Raymond Poincaré
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a \"soviet government\" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city. Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that \"the plebiscite is done\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How does the Seattle ferry line compare to the rest of the world?
|
third largest
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "King County Metro provides frequent stop bus service within the city and surrounding county, as well as a South Lake Union Streetcar line between the South Lake Union neighborhood and Westlake Center in downtown. Seattle is one of the few cities in North America whose bus fleet includes electric trolleybuses. Sound Transit currently provides an express bus service within the metropolitan area; two Sounder commuter rail lines between the suburbs and downtown; its Central Link light rail line, which opened in 2009, between downtown and Sea-Tac Airport gives the city its first rapid transit line that has intermediate stops within the city limits. Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?
|
neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The functions of the brain depend on the ability of neurons to transmit electrochemical signals to other cells, and their ability to respond appropriately to electrochemical signals received from other cells. The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes, most notably the interactions between neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what year did Ibn al-Zubayr die?
|
692
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Hanafiyyah himself may have had no connection to the revolt. The troops of al-Mukhtar engaged in battles both with the Umayyads in 686, defeating them at the river Khazir near Mosul, and with Ibn al-Zubayr in 687, at which time the revolt of al-Mukhtar was crushed. In 691, Umayyad troops reconquered Iraq, and in 692 the same army captured Mecca. Ibn al-Zubayr was killed in the attack.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of?
|
fight against the town's racism
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, \"[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson .... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\"",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What year did Armenia begin competiting in the Olympics seperate from the USSR?
|
1992
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics, Shahinyan was quoted as saying:",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The most expensive office tower built in the world today is what?
|
One World Trade Center
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many people attended cricket at Lord's?
|
13,000
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some people even told government surveyors that they enjoyed air raids if they occurred occasionally, perhaps once a week. Despite the attacks, defeat in Norway and France, and the threat of invasion, overall morale remained high; a Gallup poll found only 3% of Britons expected to lose the war in May 1940, another found an 88% approval rating for Churchill in July, and a third found 89% support for his leadership in October. Support for peace negotiations declined from 29% in February. Each setback caused more civilians to volunteer to become unpaid Local Defence Volunteers, workers worked longer shifts and over weekends, contributions rose to the £5,000 \"Spitfire Funds\" to build fighters, and the number of work days lost to strikes in 1940 was the lowest in history.:60–63,67–68,75,78–79,215–216",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What infrastructure has benefited greatly from capital investment?
|
hotel infrastructure
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Samoan government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline.[citation needed] Observers point to the flexibility of the labour market as a basic strength for future economic advances.[citation needed] The sector has been helped enormously by major capital investment in hotel infrastructure, political instability in neighbouring Pacific countries, and the 2005 launch of Virgin Samoa a joint-venture between the government and Virgin Australia (then Virgin Blue).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What word meaning "Low Dutch" was sometimes used to distinguish Dutch from Germany's language?
|
Nederduits
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for \"Dutch\", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the end of the 15th century, but received competition from the more popular terminology Nederduits, \"Low Dutch\", for several reasons. One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, \"High Dutch\", meaning the language spoken in Germany. The Hoog was later dropped, and thus, Duits narrowed down in meaning to refer to the German language.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is a common background for a Japanese wrestler?
|
legitimate martial arts
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The style of Japanese professional wrestling (puroresu) is again different. With its origins in traditional American style of wrestling and still being under the same genre, it has become an entity in itself. Despite the similarity to its American counterpart in that the outcome of the matches remains predetermined, the phenomena are different in the form of the psychology and presentation of the sport; it is treated as a full contact combat sport as it mixes hard hitting martial arts strikes with shoot style submission holds, while in the U.S. it is rather more regarded as an entertainment show. Wrestlers incorporate kicks and strikes from martial arts disciplines, and a strong emphasis is placed on submission wrestling, and unlike the use of involved storylines in the U.S., they are not as intricate in Japan, more emphasis is placed on the concept of Fighting Spirit, meaning the Wrestlers display of physical and mental stamina are valued a lot more than theatrics. Many of Japan's wrestlers including top stars such as Shinya Hashimoto, Riki Choshu and Keiji Mutoh came from a legitimate martial arts background and many Japanese wrestlers in the 1990s began to pursue careers in mixed martial arts organizations such as Pancrase and Shooto which at the time retained the original look of puroresu, but were actual competitions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what city was Tito interred?
|
Belgrade
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called \"Museum 25 May\" and \"Museum of the Revolution\"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to \"better times\". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the publication that is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy?
|
Politics & Policy
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy. Begun in 2010 by students in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, School of Communication, and Medill School of Journalism, the organization reaches students on more than 250 college campuses around the world. Run entirely by undergraduates, Politics & Policy publishes several times a week with material ranging from short summaries of events to extended research pieces. The organization is funded in part by the Buffett Center.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The plant in what US state still remains in operation?
|
Florida
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "By the late 2000s, Dell's \"configure to order\" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences?
|
Conkling
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company. In 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
|
19th century
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Newborns are particularly susceptible to infections caused by?
|
low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The body’s capability to react to antigen depends on a person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented. Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed. Once born, a child’s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fact, many of the infections acquired by neonates are caused by low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. In neonates, opsonic activity and the ability to activate the complement cascade is very limited. For example, the mean level of C3 in a newborn is approximately 65% of that found in the adult. Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns. This is due to lower opsonic activity, as well as diminished up-regulation of integrin and selectin receptors, which limit the ability of neutrophils to interact with adhesion molecules in the endothelium. Their monocytes are slow and have a reduced ATP production, which also limits the newborn's phagocytic activity. Although, the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired. Antigen-presenting cells in newborns have a reduced capability to activate T cells. Also, T cells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage. B cells develop early during gestation but are not fully active.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?
|
Western and Southern coastal regions
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the concept for 'Interstellar'?
|
a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about \"a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension\", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a \"time element\" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?
|
Y Haplogroup N
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them. Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples. Its presence in Pomors (called \"Northern Russians\" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia). Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?
|
darker
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular \"solid\" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood \"flows\" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What does corruption undermine in politics?
|
democracy
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services. It violates a basic principle of republicanism regarding the centrality of civic virtue.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is Iran's most advanced missile?
|
The Fajr-3 (MIRV)
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot, Kowsar, Zelzal, Fateh-110, Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles, and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which Queen album is the eighth best-selling album in the UK of all time?
|
Greatest Hits II
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Innuendo was released in early 1991 with an eponymous number 1 UK hit and other charting singles including, \"The Show Must Go On\". Mercury was increasingly ill and could barely walk when the band recorded \"The Show Must Go On\" in 1990. Because of this, May had concerns about whether he was physically capable of singing it. Recalling Mercury's successful performance May states; \"he went in and killed it, completely lacerated that vocal\". The rest of the band were ready to record when Mercury felt able to come in to the studio, for an hour or two at a time. May says of Mercury: “He just kept saying. 'Write me more. Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it and when I am gone you can finish it off.’ He had no fear, really.” The band's second greatest hits compilation, Greatest Hits II, followed in October 1991, which is the eighth best-selling album of all time in the UK and has sold 16 million copies worldwide.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who did Antipater declar as his successor?
|
Polyperchon
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC. Passing over his own son, Cassander, Antipater had declared Polyperchon his successor as Regent. Cassander rose in revolt against Polyperchon (who was joined by Eumenes) and was supported by Antigonus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy. In 317, Cassander invaded Macedonia, attaining control of Macedon, sentencing Olympias to death and capturing the boy king Alexander IV, and his mother. In Asia, Eumenes was betrayed by his own men after years of campaign and was given up to Antigonus who had him executed.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the charity that Liszt and Chopin last performed for?
|
the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The two became friends, and for many years lived in close proximity in Paris, Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin, and Liszt at the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte, a few blocks away. They performed together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841. The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet. Later joint appearances included a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris. Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many courts are there on Tuvalu?
|
eight
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is the High Court of Tuvalu as it has unlimited original jurisdiction to determine the Law of Tuvalu and to hear appeals from the lower courts. Sir Gordon Ward is the current Chief Justice of Tuvalu. Rulings of the High Court can be appealed to the Court of Appeal of Tuvalu. From the Court of Appeal there is a right of appeal to Her Majesty in Council, i.e., the Privy Council in London.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What territory did Israel attack in 1955?
|
Gaza Strip
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an \"expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain\". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops attacked the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing Palestinian fedayeen raids. Nasser did not feel that the Egyptian Army was ready for a confrontation and did not retaliate militarily. His failure to respond to Israeli military action demonstrated the ineffectiveness of his armed forces and constituted a blow to his growing popularity. Nasser subsequently ordered the tightening of the blockade on Israeli shipping through the Straits of Tiran and restricted the use of airspace over the Gulf of Aqaba by Israeli aircraft in early September. The Israelis re-militarized the al-Auja Demilitarized Zone on the Egyptian border on 21 September.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam?
|
limestone
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in Somali architecture. Many of the new architectural designs, such as mosques, were built on the ruins of older structures. This practice would continue over and over again throughout the following centuries.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?
|
Mike Belben
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In the Mahayana, who is thought to be an omnipresent being?
|
Buddha
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are seen as the eternal Buddha himself.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was nasser's position toward imperialism?
|
anti-imperialist
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The chemicals used by insects to communicate are called what?
|
semiochemicals
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addition to the use of sound for communication, a wide range of insects have evolved chemical means for communication. These chemicals, termed semiochemicals, are often derived from plant metabolites include those meant to attract, repel and provide other kinds of information. Pheromones, a type of semiochemical, are used for attracting mates of the opposite sex, for aggregating conspecific individuals of both sexes, for deterring other individuals from approaching, to mark a trail, and to trigger aggression in nearby individuals. Allomonea benefit their producer by the effect they have upon the receiver. Kairomones benefit their receiver instead of their producer. Synomones benefit the producer and the receiver. While some chemicals are targeted at individuals of the same species, others are used for communication across species. The use of scents is especially well known to have developed in social insects.:96–105",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Doubly fed motors have what advantage over single fed?
|
twice the constant torque speed range
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the maximum provided in a single package without topology duplication. Doubly-fed electric motors are machines with an effective constant torque speed range that is twice synchronous speed for a given frequency of excitation. This is twice the constant torque speed range as singly-fed electric machines, which have only one active winding set.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Gregory Howard Williams wrote what type of book?
|
autobiography
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White Boy about a white man in North Carolina who discovers that he is the descendant of a white plantation owner and a raped African slave; and the documentary on The Sanders Women of Shreveport, Louisiana.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What are the two official languages of Cyprus?
|
Greek and Turkish
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Cyprus has two official languages, Greek and Turkish. Armenian and Cypriot Maronite Arabic are recognised as minority languages. Although without official status, English is widely spoken and it features widely on road signs, public notices, and in advertisements, etc. English was the sole official language during British colonial rule and the lingua franca until 1960, and continued to be used (de facto) in courts of law until 1989 and in legislation until 1996. 80.4% of Cypriots are proficient in the English language as a second language. Russian is widely spoken among the country's minorities, residents and citizens of post-Soviet countries, and Pontic Greeks. Russian, after English and Greek, is the third language used on many signs of shops and restaurants, particularly in Limassol and Paphos. In addition to these languages, 12% speak French and 5% speak German.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector?
|
a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driving cars go even further. Connected cars may use wifi and bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices, and the cell phone network to contact concierge and emergency assistance services or get navigational or entertainment information; each of these networks is a potential entry point for malware or an attacker. Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun?
|
Captain Raymond Demeré
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?
|
2012
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What research can be used in the future if translated?
|
Soviet studies from the 1980s
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large rail networks do not have significant oil reserves and those that did, like the United States and Britain, have exhausted much of their reserves and have suffered declining oil output for decades. Therefore, there is also a strong economic incentive to substitute other fuels for oil. Rail electrification is often considered an important route towards consumption pattern reform. However, there are no reliable, peer-reviewed studies available to assist in rational public debate on this critical issue, although there are untranslated Soviet studies from the 1980s.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many Americans were found to have intermediate health literacy?
|
44%
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the time of this entry, we were not able to identify any specific nutrition literacy studies in the U.S. at a national level. However, the findings of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) provide a basis upon which to frame the nutrition literacy problem in the U.S. NAAL introduced the first ever measure of \"the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions\" – an objective of Healthy People 2010 and of which nutrition literacy might be considered an important subset. On a scale of below basic, basic, intermediate and proficient, NAAL found 13 percent of adult Americans have proficient health literacy, 44% have intermediate literacy, 29 percent have basic literacy and 14 percent have below basic health literacy. The study found that health literacy increases with education and people living below the level of poverty have lower health literacy than those above it.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How did Edison achieve a higher vacuum than other inventors?
|
by use of the Sprengel pump
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp, historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list 22 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In which year were notes valued above $100 no longer printed?
|
1946
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What do auxins do?
|
promotes cell growth
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century. Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded \"It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle . . acts like the brain of one of the lower animals . . directing the several movements\". About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went. The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later. This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity. The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts?
|
Henry Nelson Wieman
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Approximately how long did it take to build New Delhi?
|
20 years
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911. Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The five boroughs of New York City are named what?
|
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What does the decline in value of the dollar correspond to?
|
price inflation
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to price inflation, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. A consumer price index (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The United States Consumer Price Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States. It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses. A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who did Bob Ewell attack during the story?
|
Jem and Scout
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Despite Tom's conviction, Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial, Atticus explaining that he \"destroyed [Ewell's] last shred of credibility at that trial.\" Ewell vows revenge, spitting in Atticus' face, trying to break into the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. One of Jem's arms is broken in the struggle, but amid the confusion someone comes to the children's rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
On what subject is one of Avicenna's treatise based on?
|
Physics
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Ibn Sīnā wrote at least one treatise on alchemy, but several others have been falsely attributed to him. His Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, and De Caelo, are treatises giving a synoptic view of Aristotelian doctrine, though Metaphysics demonstrates a significant departure from the brand of Neoplatonism known as Aristotelianism in Ibn Sīnā's world; Arabic philosophers[who?][year needed] have hinted at the idea that Ibn Sīnā was attempting to \"re-Aristotelianise\" Muslim philosophy in its entirety, unlike his predecessors, who accepted the conflation of Platonic, Aristotelian, Neo- and Middle-Platonic works transmitted into the Muslim world.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What university is Arno Tausch from?
|
Corvinus University of Budapest
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The FIFA Confederations Cups is usually considered a warm-up for what?
|
FIFA World Cup
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Ann Arbor has been linked with which university?
|
University of Michigan
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley
|
Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. Glacial valleys have characteristically steep walls (reliefs); valleys with lower reliefs and talus slopes are remnants of glacial troughs or previously infilled valleys. Moraines, piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier, accumulate at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where did the new wave of diplomats often come from?
|
the new field of political science
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\" and \"Middle East\" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science. The new wave of diplomats often came from those programs. Archaeology on the international scene, although very much of intellectual interest to the major universities, fell into the shadow of international relations. Their domain became the Ancient Near East, which could no longer be relied upon to be the Near East. The Ottoman Empire was gone, along with all the other empires of the 19th century, replaced with independent republics. Someone had to reconcile the present with the past. This duty was inherited by various specialized agencies that were formed to handle specific aspects of international relations, now so complex as to be beyond the scope and abilities of a diplomatic corps in the former sense. The ancient Near East is frozen in time. The living Near East is primarily what the agencies say it is. In most cases this single term is inadequate to describe the geographical range of their operations. The result is multiple definitions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District?
|
South Beach
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?
|
Cardinal Augustin Bea
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand?
|
right
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parliament. The Commons, led by their speaker, would listen from the Bar of the Lords, just outside the chamber. The Clerk of the Parliaments presented the bills awaiting assent to the monarch, save that supply bills were traditionally brought up by the speaker. The Clerk of the Crown, standing on the sovereign's right, then read aloud the titles of the bills (in earlier times, the entire text of the bills). The Clerk of the Parliaments, standing on the sovereign's left, responded by stating the appropriate Norman French formula.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who controlled the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land?
|
Ottoman Empire
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Crimean War was a military conflict fought between October 1853 – March 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Christians. The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of the United Kingdom and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense. It has widely been noted that the causes, in one case involving an argument over a key, have never revealed a \"greater confusion of purpose\", yet led to a war noted for its \"notoriously incompetent international butchery.\"",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>
|
The large magnitude of solar energy available
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?
|
chevet
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a \"chevet\". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was the Taiping rebellion?
|
(1850–64)
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy, and ruling elites did not change their mindsets in the face of changes in the world system. Following the Opium War, European powers imposed unequal treaties, free trade, extraterritoriality and treaty ports under foreign control. The Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) and Dungan Revolt (1862–77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people. In spite of these disasters, in the Tongzhi Restoration of the 1860s, Han Chinese elites rallied to the defense of the Confucian order and the Qing rulers. The initial gains in the Self-Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back by Empress Dowager Cixi, a ruthless but capable leader. When, in response to the violently anti-foreign Yihetuan (\"Boxers\"), foreign powers invaded China, the Empress Dowager declared war on them, leading to defeat and the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
For how many seasons did American Idol put out a compilation of hits at seasons end?
|
five
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?
|
abdication of his brother
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who offered Queen a management deal in 1972?
|
Norman Sheffield
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did Wordsworth initially attack Burke?
|
1793
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke \"was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles\" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful of his arguments. William Windham spoke from the same bench in the House of Commons as Burke had, when he had separated from Fox, and an observer said Windham spoke \"like the ghost of Burke\" when he made a speech against peace with France in 1801. William Hazlitt, a political opponent of Burke, regarded him as amongst his three favourite writers (the others being Junius and Rousseau), and made it \"a test of the sense and candour of any one belonging to the opposite party, whether he allowed Burke to be a great man\". William Wordsworth was originally a supporter of the French Revolution and attacked Burke in 'A Letter to the Bishop of Llandaff' (1793), but by the early nineteenth century he had changed his mind and came to admire Burke. In his Two Addresses to the Freeholders of Westmorland Wordsworth called Burke \"the most sagacious Politician of his age\" whose predictions \"time has verified\". He later revised his poem The Prelude to include praise of Burke (\"Genius of Burke! forgive the pen seduced/By specious wonders\") and portrayed him as an old oak. Samuel Taylor Coleridge came to have a similar conversion: he had criticised Burke in The Watchman, but in his Friend (1809–10) Coleridge defended Burke from charges of inconsistency. Later, in his Biographia Literaria (1817) Coleridge hails Burke as a prophet and praises Burke for referring \"habitually to principles. He was a scientific statesman; and therefore a seer\". Henry Brougham wrote of Burke: \"... all his predictions, save one momentary expression, had been more than fulfilled: anarchy and bloodshed had borne sway in France; conquest and convulsion had desolated Europe...the providence of mortals is not often able to penetrate so far as this into futurity\". George Canning believed that Burke's Reflections \"has been justified by the course of subsequent events; and almost every prophecy has been strictly fulfilled\". In 1823 Canning wrote that he took Burke's \"last works and words [as] the manual of my politics\". The Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli \"was deeply penetrated with the spirit and sentiment of Burke's later writings\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who is Yueju traditionally performed by?
|
actresses only
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Zhejiang is the home of Yueju (越劇), one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shaoju (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (of Taizhou) and Zhuji Luantan (of Zhuji).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What group condemned mixed faith marriages?
|
Congregation of Faith
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, \"Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it.\" Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as \"our beloved sister Church\". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was an auction announced for the Arena Football League's assets?
|
November 11, 2009
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "All assets of the Arena Football League were put up for auction. On November 11, 2009, the new league announced its intention to purchase the entire assets of the former AFL; the assets included the team names and logos of all but one of the former AFL and af2 teams. The lone exception was that of the Dallas Desperados; Desperados owner Jerry Jones had purposely designed the Desperados' properties around those of the Dallas Cowboys, making the two inseparable. The auction occurred on November 25, 2009. The assets were awarded to Arena Football 1 on December 7, 2009, with a winning bid of $6.1 million.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what year did ODC develop the Recordable LaserVision Disc?
|
1984.
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Another form of recordable LaserDisc that is completely playback-compatible with the LaserDisc format (unlike CRVdisc with its caddy enclosure) is the RLV, or Recordable LaserVision disc. It was developed and first marketed by the Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus) in 1984. RLV discs, like CRVdisc, are also a WORM technology, and function exactly like a CD-R disc. RLV discs look almost exactly like standard LaserDiscs, and can play in any standard LaserDisc player after they have been recorded.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What are France's two most prestigious newspapers?
|
Le Monde and Le Figaro
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Paris and its close suburbs is home to numerous newspapers, magazines and publications including Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, Le Nouvel Observateur, Le Canard enchaîné, La Croix, Pariscope, Le Parisien (in Saint-Ouen), Les Échos, Paris Match (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Réseaux & Télécoms, Reuters France, and L'Officiel des Spectacles. France's two most prestigious newspapers, Le Monde and Le Figaro, are the centrepieces of the Parisian publishing industry. Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies. AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835. France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. Another news agency is France Diplomatie, owned and operated by the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, and pertains solely to diplomatic news and occurrences.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What are morphemes?
|
"units of meaning"
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes (\"units of meaning\") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences. Some authors have proposed that there may be evidence of a sub-stratum or add-stratum language for geographic features and various crafts and agricultural activities, called variously Proto-Euphratean or Proto Tigrean, but this is disputed by others.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many students does North Carolina State University enroll?
|
34,000
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, East Carolina University, Western Carolina University, Winston-Salem State University, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, UNC Wilmington, Elizabeth City State University, Appalachian State University, Fayetteville State University, and UNC School of the Arts, and . Along with its public universities, North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system.The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University, with more than 34,000 students. North Carolina is home to many excellent universities as well as dozens of community colleges and private universities.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What nationality was Queen Victorias mother?
|
German
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom?
|
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Theorists dating back to Santiago Ramón y Cajal argued that the most plausible explanation is that learning and memory are expressed as changes in the synaptic connections between neurons. Until 1970, however, experimental evidence to support the synaptic plasticity hypothesis was lacking. In 1971 Tim Bliss and Terje Lømo published a paper on a phenomenon now called long-term potentiation: the paper showed clear evidence of activity-induced synaptic changes that lasted for at least several days. Since then technical advances have made these sorts of experiments much easier to carry out, and thousands of studies have been made that have clarified the mechanism of synaptic change, and uncovered other types of activity-driven synaptic change in a variety of brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and physical activity appear to play a beneficial role in the process.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?
|
Weston
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the difference that made American cotton preferred over Indian cotton?
|
longer, stronger fibers
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive. This, coupled with the emergence of American cotton as a superior type (due to the longer, stronger fibers of the two domesticated native American species, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense), encouraged British traders to purchase cotton from plantations in the United States and plantations in the Caribbean. By the mid-19th century, \"King Cotton\" had become the backbone of the southern American economy. In the United States, cultivating and harvesting cotton became the leading occupation of slaves.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is a strong ale called when it is frozen partially, and then the ice is removed again and again?
|
fractional freezing
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of these beers are made using the eisbock method of fractional freezing, in which a strong ale is partially frozen and the ice is repeatedly removed, until the desired strength is reached, a process that may class the product as spirits rather than beer. The German brewery Schorschbräu's Schorschbock, a 31% abv eisbock, and Hair of the Dog's Dave, a 29% abv barley wine made in 1994, used the same fractional freezing method. A 60% abv blend of beer with whiskey was jokingly claimed as the strongest beer by a Dutch brewery in July 2010.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where did Baptist missionaries take an active role in the anti-slavery movement?
|
the Caribbean
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). Knibb also protagonised the creation of \"Free Villages\"; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land. Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the slave port of Calabar, was formed by Baptist missionaries. At the same time, during and after slavery, slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who said a showdown between Japan and the United States would be necessary?
|
Admiral Sankichi Takahashi
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "From as early as 1935 Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, of considerable importance to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese troop build ups in Hainan, Taiwan, and Haiphong were noted, Japanese Army officers were openly talking about an inevitable war, and Admiral Sankichi Takahashi was reported as saying a showdown with the United States was necessary.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the name of the agreement that guarantee Burma's freedom from foreign rule ?
|
the Panglong Agreement
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Following World War II, Aung San negotiated the Panglong Agreement with ethnic leaders that guaranteed the independence of Myanmar as a unified state. Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Bo Hmu Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Dr. Sein Mya Maung, Myoma U Than Kywe were among the negotiators of the historical Panglong Conference negotiated with Bamar leader General Aung San and other ethnic leaders in 1947. In 1947, Aung San became Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Myanmar, a transitional government. But in July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San and several cabinet members.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is an example of an obligate relationship?
|
lichens
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank?
|
among the top twenty
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What determines which team gets possession first when extending a game to break a tie?
|
coin toss
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the CFL, if the game is tied at the end of regulation play, then each team is given an equal number of chances to break the tie. A coin toss is held to determine which team will take possession first; the first team scrimmages the ball at the opponent's 35-yard line and advances through a series of downs until it scores or loses possession. If the team scores a touchdown, starting with the 2010 season, it is required to attempt a 2-point conversion. The other team then scrimmages the ball at the same 35-yard line and has the same opportunity to score. After the teams have completed their possessions, if one team is ahead, then it is declared the winner; otherwise, the two teams each get another chance to score, scrimmaging from the other 35-yard line. After this second round, if there is still no winner, during the regular season the game ends as a tie. In a playoff or championship game, the teams continue to attempt to score from alternating 35-yard lines, until one team is leading after both have had an equal number of possessions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the effect on blue and green light experiencing Rayleigh scattering during sunrise?
|
removed almost completely
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "As a ray of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to the eye, some of the colors are scattered out of the beam by air molecules and airborne particles due to Rayleigh scattering, changing the final color of the beam that is seen. Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, and are removed from the light that finally reaches the eye. At sunrise and sunset, when the path of the sunlight through the atmosphere to the eye is longest, the blue and green components are removed almost completely, leaving the longer wavelength orange and red light. The remaining reddened sunlight can also be scattered by cloud droplets and other relatively large particles, which give the sky above the horizon its red glow.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What part of the iPod Nano was the cause of the overheating issue?
|
battery
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was the last time royal assent was enacted?
|
11 March 1708
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as raising taxes without parliament's approval. After the English Civil War, it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly, but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills. In 1678, Charles II withheld his assent from a bill \"for preserving the Peace of the Kingdom by raising the Militia, and continuing them in Duty for Two and Forty Days,\" suggesting that he, not parliament, should control the militia. The last Stuart monarch, Anne, similarly withheld on 11 March 1708, on the advice of her ministers, her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland. No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What type of arrangement let British and Irish citizens vote in each other's elections?
|
Reciprocal arrangements
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Reciprocal arrangements allow British and Irish citizens to full voting rights in the two states. Exceptions to this are presidential elections and constitutional referendums in the Republic of Ireland, for which there is no comparable franchise in the other states. In the United Kingdom, these pre-date European Union law, and in both jurisdictions go further than that required by European Union law. Other EU nationals may only vote in local and European Parliament elections while resident in either the UK or Ireland. In 2008, a UK Ministry of Justice report investigating how to strengthen the British sense of citizenship proposed to end this arrangement arguing that, \"the right to vote is one of the hallmarks of the political status of citizens; it is not a means of expressing closeness between countries.\"",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How long was the recovery of industrial cities from raids?
|
most took from 10–15 days
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The military effectiveness of bombing varied. The Luftwaffe dropped around 45,000 short tons (41,000 t) of bombs during the Blitz disrupting production and transport, reducing food supplies and shaking the British morale. It also helped to support the U-Boat blockade by sinking some 58,000 long tons (59,000 t) of shipping destroyed and 450,000 long tons (460,000 t) damaged. Yet, overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period although there were significant falls during April 1941, probably influenced by the departure of workers of Easter Holidays according to the British official history. The British official history on war production noted the great impact was upon the supply of components rather than complete equipment. In aircraft production, the British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month, arguably the greatest achievement of the bombing, as it forced the dispersal of industry. In April 1941, when the targets were British ports, rifle production fell by 25%, filled-shell production by 4.6%, and in smallarms production 4.5% overall. The strategic impact on industrial cities was varied; most took from 10–15 days to recover from heavy raids, although Belfast and Liverpool took longer. The attacks against Birmingham took war industries some three months to recover fully from. The exhausted population took three weeks to overcome the effects of an attack.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What resembles an actual person's handwriting?
|
handwriting of Ouyang Xun
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Regular script typefaces are also commonly used, but not as common as Ming or sans-serif typefaces for body text. Regular script typefaces are often used to teach students Chinese characters, and often aim to match the standard forms of the region where they are meant to be used. Most typefaces in the Song dynasty were regular script typefaces which resembled a particular person's handwriting (e.g. the handwriting of Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, or Liu Gongquan), while most modern regular script typefaces tend toward anonymity and regularity.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the fertility rate among orthodox Jewish families?
|
4.1 children
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children per family among non-Orthodox Jews, and intermarriage among Orthodox Jews is practically non-existent, standing at about 2%, in contrast to a 71% intermarriage rate among non-Orthodox Jews. In addition, Orthodox Judaism has a growing retention rate; while about half of those raised in Orthodox homes previously abandoned Orthodox Judaism, that number is declining. According to The New York Times, the high growth rate of Orthodox Jews will eventually render them the dominant demographic force in New York Jewry.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What do household animals prey upon?
|
large and small prey
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A true predator can commonly be known as one that kills and eats another living thing. Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them. Predators may hunt actively for prey in pursuit predation, or sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance, as in ambush predators. Some predators kill large prey and dismember or chew it prior to eating it, such as a jaguar or a human; others may eat their (usually much smaller) prey whole, as does a bottlenose dolphin swallowing a fish, or a snake, duck or stork swallowing a frog. Some animals that kill both large and small prey for their size (domestic cats and dogs are prime examples) may do either depending upon the circumstances; either would devour a large insect whole but dismember a rabbit. Some predation entails venom that subdues a prey creature before the predator ingests the prey by killing, which the box jellyfish does, or disabling it, found in the behavior of the cone shell. In some cases, the venom, as in rattlesnakes and some spiders, contributes to the digestion of the prey item even before the predator begins eating. In other cases, the prey organism may die in the mouth or digestive system of the predator. Baleen whales, for example, eat millions of microscopic plankton at once, the prey being broken down well after entering the whale. Seed predation and egg predation are other forms of true predation, as seeds and eggs represent potential organisms. Predators of this classification need not eat prey entirely. For example, some predators cannot digest bones, while others can. Some may eat only part of an organism, as in grazing (see below), but still consistently cause its direct death.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is an estimate of the economic loss from the quake?
|
$75 billion
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Even with the five largest cities in Sichuan suffering only minor damage from the quake, some estimates of the economic loss run higher than US$75 billion, making the earthquake one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What can the Western Han dynasty also be called?
|
Former Han dynasty
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The period between the foundation of the Han dynasty and Wang Mang's reign is known as the Western Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 西汉; traditional Chinese: 西漢; pinyin: Xī Hàn) or Former Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 前汉; traditional Chinese: 前漢; pinyin: Qiánhàn) (206 BC – 9 AD). During this period the capital was at Chang'an (modern Xi'an). From the reign of Guangwu the capital was moved eastward to Luoyang. The era from his reign until the fall of Han is known as the Eastern Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 东汉; traditional Chinese: 東漢; pinyin: Dōng Hàn) or the Later Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 后汉; traditional Chinese: 後漢; pinyin: Hòu Hàn) (25–220 AD).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who distributes electricity in Plymouth?
|
Western Power Distribution
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Langage Power Station, which started to produce electricity for Plymouth at the end of 2009.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who said Tucson is bicycle-friendly, in 2007?
|
The League of American Bicyclists
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The League of American Bicyclists gave Tucson a gold rating for bicycle friendliness in late April 2007. Tucson hosts the largest perimeter cycling event in the United States. The ride called \"El Tour de Tucson\" happens in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving. El Tour de Tucson produced and promoted by Perimeter Bicycling has as many as 10,000 participants from all over the world, annually. Tucson is one of only nine cities in the U.S. to receive a gold rating or higher for cycling friendliness from the League of American Bicyclists. The city is known for its winter cycling opportunities. Both road and mountain biking are popular in and around Tucson with trail areas including Starr Pass and Fantasy Island.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was New Delhi's Per Capita GDP in dollars for 2009-10?
|
$6,860
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 83,085 crores (for the year 2004–05) and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976($1,200). In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs.1,16,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs.1,35,814 ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What information is in the Susrutasamhita of Susruta?
|
surgical procedures
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Medicine: Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now Pakistan show evidence of proto-dentistry among an early farming culture. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world. Its most famous text is the Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta, which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.