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|---|---|---|---|---|
What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas?
|
Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940. Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar \"Mišo\" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović, who, under the codename \"Zdenka\", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka. The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946. Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
What did Catholic cantons attempt to set up which caused a civil war in 1839?
|
a separate alliance (the Sonderbund)
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The restoration of power to the patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the Sonderbundskrieg) broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbund). The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire. Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into?
|
the Justinian Code
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Where did Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?
|
big box stores
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC businesses segments such as storage, services and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation. Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory). As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins. The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores. CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which currency are the sums of money in the "Statements" displayed in?
|
U.S. dollars
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Constitution provides that \"a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time\". That provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the \"Statements\" are currently being expressed in U.S. dollars (for example, see the 2009 Financial Report of the United States Government). The U.S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What body of water is Valencia located on?
|
the Mediterranean Sea
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; Spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or València (Valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did George Mason state that judges could do to a law?
|
declare an unconstitutional law void
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, \"Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect.\" George Mason agreed that judges \"could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with regard to every law, however unjust, oppressive or pernicious, which did not come plainly under this description, they would be under the necessity as judges to give it a free course.\" Chief Justice John Marshall (joined by Justice Joseph Story) took a similar position in 1827: \"When its existence as law is denied, that existence cannot be proved by showing what are the qualities of a law.\"",
"start_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What can Sauerkraut be served with?
|
poultry, pork, sausage or even fish
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means \"sour cabbage\" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucroute. To make it, the cabbage is finely shredded, layered with salt and juniper and left to ferment in wooden barrels. Sauerkraut can be served with poultry, pork, sausage or even fish. Traditionally it is served with Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages, or a selection of other pork products. Served alongside are often roasted or steamed potatoes or dumplings.",
"start_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?
|
posters
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. \"If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith.\"",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Who forced peasant farmers to move to new settlements?
|
the court
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 121 BC, Han forces expelled the Xiongnu from a vast territory spanning the Hexi Corridor to Lop Nur. They repelled a joint Xiongnu-Qiang invasion of this northwestern territory in 111 BC. In that year, the Han court established four new frontier commanderies in this region: Jiuquan, Zhangyi, Dunhuang, and Wuwei. The majority of people on the frontier were soldiers. On occasion, the court forcibly moved peasant farmers to new frontier settlements, along with government-owned slaves and convicts who performed hard labor. The court also encouraged commoners, such as farmers, merchants, landowners, and hired laborers, to voluntarily migrate to the frontier.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
When was Barcelona founded?
|
1899
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto \"Més que un club\" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.16 billion, and the world's second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €560.8 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the \"Cant del Barça\", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
The allied fleet departed the Gulf of Taganrog on what date?
|
2nd September
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In July 1855, the allied squadron tried to go past Taganrog to Rostov on Don, entering the Don River through the Mius River. On 12 July 1855 HMS Jasper grounded near Taganrog thanks to a fisherman who moved buoys into shallow water. The Cossacks captured the gunboat with all of its guns and blew it up. The third siege attempt was made 19–31 August 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations. The allied fleet left the Gulf of Taganrog on the 2nd September 1855, with minor military operations along the Azov Sea coast continuing until late autumn 1855.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
What documentary aired in 2008?
|
Alexei Sayle's Liverpool
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled?
|
removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Under contract from the U.S. Military, Matrox produced a combination computer/LaserDisc player for instructional purposes. The computer was a 286, the LaserDisc player only capable of reading the analog audio tracks. Together they weighed 43 lb (20 kg) and sturdy handles were provided in case two people were required to lift the unit. The computer controlled the player via a 25-pin serial port at the back of the player and a ribbon cable connected to a proprietary port on the motherboard. Many of these were sold as surplus by the military during the 1990s, often without the controller software. Nevertheless, it is possible to control the unit by removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player.",
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squad_v2
|
none
|
What two factors are focused on when explaining an individual's actions within a group?
|
mental events and states
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At a general level, self-psychology is compelled to investigate the question of how the personal self relates to the social environment. To the extent that these theories place themselves in the tradition of \"psychological\" social psychology, they focus on explaining an individual's actions within a group in terms of mental events and states. However, some \"sociological\" social psychology theories go further by attempting to deal with the issue of identity at both the levels of individual cognition and of collective behavior.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Where was the Thomson-Houston Electric Company based?
|
Lynn, Massachusetts
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At about the same time, Charles Coffin, leading the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, acquired a number of competitors and gained access to their key patents. General Electric was formed through the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, with the support of Drexel, Morgan & Co. Both plants continue to operate under the GE banner to this day. The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant used as headquarters for many years thereafter. Around the same time, General Electric's Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
What character represents the "line feed" function?
|
character 10
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "For example, character 10 represents the \"line feed\" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents \"backspace\". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters. Except for the control characters that prescribe elementary line-oriented formatting, ASCII does not define any mechanism for describing the structure or appearance of text within a document. Other schemes, such as markup languages, address page and document layout and formatting.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat?
|
poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a \"turkey shoot\". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces.",
"start_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was Twilight Princess launched in North America?
|
November 2006
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: ゼルダの伝説 トワイライトプリンセス, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released worldwide in December 2006.[b]",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
What is Neptune's angular diameter range?
|
2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics (AO). The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics, was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii. Neptune is currently entering its spring and summer season and has been shown to be heating up, with increased atmospheric activity and brightness as a consequence. Combined with technological advancements, ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics are recording increasingly more detailed images of this Outer Planet. Both the HST and AO telescopes on Earth has made many new discoveries within the Solar System since the mid-1990s, with a large increase in the number of known satellites and moons around the Outer Planets for example. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How old was Kanye when he dropped out of college?
|
20
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English. He soon realized that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work, and at 20 he dropped out of college to pursue his musical dreams. This action greatly displeased his mother, who was also a professor at the university. She later commented, \"It was drummed into my head that college is the ticket to a good life... but some career goals don't require college. For Kanye to make an album called College Dropout it was more about having the guts to embrace who you are, rather than following the path society has carved out for you.\"",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Under whose reign did the last major building works take place?
|
King George V
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria, placed outside the main gates. George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties. He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919) – the first jazz performance for a head of state, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom. George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room. This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed specially by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
When was a western-style army established in Japan?
|
1873
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect. The samurai finally came to an end after hundreds of years of enjoyment of their status, their powers, and their ability to shape the government of Japan. However, the rule of the state by the military class was not yet over. In defining how a modern Japan should be, members of the Meiji government decided to follow the footsteps of the United Kingdom and Germany, basing the country on the concept of noblesse oblige. Samurai were not a political force under the new order. With the Meiji reforms in the late 19th century, the samurai class was abolished, and a western-style national army was established. The Imperial Japanese Armies were conscripted, but many samurai volunteered as soldiers, and many advanced to be trained as officers. Much of the Imperial Army officer class was of samurai origin, and were highly motivated, disciplined, and exceptionally trained.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the typical range that Prussian guns could fire?
|
2–3 kilometres
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that it wasted ammunition. In addition, the Prussian artillery batteries had 30% more guns than their French counterparts. The Prussian guns typically opened fire at a range of 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi), beyond the range of French artillery or the Chassepot rifle. The Prussian batteries could thus destroy French artillery with impunity, before being moved forward to directly support infantry attacks.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Which insects walk, fly, and swim?
|
Adult
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming (see below, Locomotion). As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyridae in the beetle order Coleoptera communicate with light.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?
|
65
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Are standard traffic patterns right-handed or left-handed?
|
left-handed
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Generally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five \"legs\" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitude, usually 800 or 1,000 ft (244 or 305 m) above ground level (AGL). Standard traffic patterns are left-handed, meaning all turns are made to the left. One of the main reason for this is that pilots sit on the left side of the airplane, and a Left-hand patterns improves their visibility of the airport and pattern. Right-handed patterns do exist, usually because of obstacles such as a mountain, or to reduce noise for local residents. The predetermined circuit helps traffic flow smoothly because all pilots know what to expect, and helps reduce the chance of a mid-air collision.",
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
On what day was the Annunciation tradtionally celebrated in England until the 18th century?
|
New Year's Day
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as \"God-bearer\" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the historic creeds that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and celebrates the feast days of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. This feast is called in older prayer books the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary on February 2. The Annunciation of our Lord to the Blessed Virgin on March 25 was from before the time of Bede until the 18th century New Year's Day in England. The Annunciation is called the \"Annunciation of our Lady\" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. Anglicans also celebrate in the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin on 31 May, though in some provinces the traditional date of July 2 is kept. The feast of the St. Mary the Virgin is observed on the traditional day of the Assumption, August 15. The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin is kept on September 8.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who is Marxian economics named after?
|
Karl Marx
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an \"invisible hand\" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided only by self-interest. Karl Marx developed an alternative economic theory, called Marxian economics. Marxian economics is based on the labor theory of value and assumes the value of good to be based on the amount of labor required to produce it. Under this assumption, capitalism was based on employers not paying the full value of workers labor to create profit. The Austrian school responded to Marxian economics by viewing entrepreneurship as driving force of economic development. This replaced the labor theory of value by a system of supply and demand.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement?
|
12 to 18 years
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF. Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS who are not employed part-time (Class A) or full-time (Class B) may be held on the \"Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List\" (CISS List) in anticipation of employment in the same manner as other reservists are held as members of the Supplementary Reserve.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do?
|
pay tribute
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the \"Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute.\" China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning the role of the Mongols, China Daily states that it was the successive Qing dynasty which established the title of Dalai Lama and his power in Tibet: \"In 1653, the Qing emperor granted an honorific title to the fifth Dalai Lama and then did the same for the fifth Panchen Lama in 1713, officially establishing the titles of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, and their political and religious status in Tibet.\"",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?
|
obscure
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons (by contrast, the peasantry were said to be the offspring of another son of Noah, Ham—and hence subject to bondage under the Curse of Ham—and the Jews as the offspring of Shem). Other fanciful theories included its foundation by Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great:207 or regional leaders who had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens'.:208",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the official that oversees the operation of NARA?
|
The Archivist
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration. The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U.S. Constitution by state legislatures, but has the authority to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached, and therefore when an act has become an amendment.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In the 1940s, what percentage of travellers used public transport?
|
25%
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based around extensive train, tram, bus and taxi systems. Flinders Street Station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927 and Melbourne's tram network overtook Sydney's to become the world's largest in the 1940s, at which time 25% of travellers used public transport but by 2003 it had declined to just 7.6%. The public transport system was privatised in 1999, symbolising the peak of the decline. Despite privatisation and successive governments persisting with auto-centric urban development into the 21st century, there have since been large increases in public transport patronage, with the mode share for commuters increasing to 14.8% and 8.4% of all trips. A target of 20% public transport mode share for Melbourne by 2020 was set by the state government in 2006. Since 2006 public transport patronage has grown by over 20%.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why besides limited periods of time would youtube not be allowed in a country?
|
long term standing ban
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In some countries, YouTube is completely blocked, either through a long term standing ban or for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries. In other countries access to the website as a whole remains open, but access to specific videos is blocked. In cases where the entire site is banned due to one particular video, YouTube will often agree to remove or limit access to that video in order to restore service.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who came up with the Dialect Test?
|
Joseph Wright
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How long did the Image run of Marvel characters last?
|
a one-year run
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in \"Heroes Reborn\", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry, but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper. In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place within Marvel continuity; helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the first organism to produce oxygen through photosynthesis?
|
Cyanobacteria
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Paleobotanists study ancient plants in the fossil record to provide information about the evolutionary history of plants. Cyanobacteria, the first oxygen-releasing photosynthetic organisms on Earth, are thought to have given rise to the ancestor of plants by entering into an endosymbiotic relationship with an early eukaryote, ultimately becoming the chloroplasts in plant cells. The new photosynthetic plants (along with their algal relatives) accelerated the rise in atmospheric oxygen started by the cyanobacteria, changing the ancient oxygen-free, reducing, atmosphere to one in which free oxygen has been abundant for more than 2 billion years.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why did rulers and governments in Europe form universities?
|
to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to this understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty?
|
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that described the mountains as an area of mythical purity. Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude. Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How much were the vouchers worth that Nintendo sent out?
|
$5
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Nintendo was accused of antitrust behavior because of the strict licensing requirements. The United States Department of Justice and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation which included interviewing hundreds of retailers. During the FTC probe, Nintendo changed the terms of its publisher licensing agreements to eliminate the two-year rule and other restrictive terms. Nintendo and the FTC settled the case in April 1991, with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $5 discount off to a new game, to every person that had purchased a NES title between June 1988 and December 1990. GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak giving the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which actor portrayed Marco Sciarra?
|
Alessandro Cremona
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
By what name was Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi typically known?
|
Colonel Gaddafi
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/; audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the \"Brotherly Leader\" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory before embracing Pan-Africanism and serving as Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why did the third siege attempt fail?
|
the city was already fortified
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In July 1855, the allied squadron tried to go past Taganrog to Rostov on Don, entering the Don River through the Mius River. On 12 July 1855 HMS Jasper grounded near Taganrog thanks to a fisherman who moved buoys into shallow water. The Cossacks captured the gunboat with all of its guns and blew it up. The third siege attempt was made 19–31 August 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations. The allied fleet left the Gulf of Taganrog on the 2nd September 1855, with minor military operations along the Azov Sea coast continuing until late autumn 1855.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery?
|
landlord
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another very common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What percentage of the white population did the 2001 Census show were White Irish?
|
one
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why did Soviets create fake elections in Poland?
|
legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 21 September, the Soviets and Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland, including the \"purging\" of saboteurs. A joint German–Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk, while the countries commanders met in the latter location. Stalin had decided in August that he was going to liquidate the Polish state, and a German–Soviet meeting in September addressed the future structure of the \"Polish region\". Soviet authorities immediately started a campaign of Sovietization of the newly acquired areas. The Soviets organized staged elections, the result of which was to become a legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is samsara?
|
the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did Central powers concede in exchange for peace?
|
huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
On what occasion would townspeople wear red?
|
holidays
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Red clothing was a sign of status and wealth. It was worn not only by cardinals and princes, but also by merchants, artisans and townpeople, particularly on holidays or special occasions. Red dye for the clothing of ordinary people was made from the roots of the rubia tinctorum, the madder plant. This color leaned toward brick-red, and faded easily in the sun or during washing. The wealthy and aristocrats wore scarlet clothing dyed with kermes, or carmine, made from the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects, which lived on the leaves of oak trees in Eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. The insects were gathered, dried, crushed, and boiled with different ingredients in a long and complicated process, which produced a brilliant scarlet.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why overhead wires are not being widely used?
|
considered unsightly.
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Disadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability to power interruptions. Different regions may use different supply voltages and frequencies, complicating through service. The limited clearances available under catenaries may preclude efficient double-stack container service. The lethal voltages on contact wires and third rails are a safety hazard to track workers, passengers and trespassers. Overhead wires are safer than third rails, but they are often considered unsightly.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?
|
3195
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Famicom contained no lockout hardware and, as a result, unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) were extremely common throughout Japan and the Far East. The original NES (but not the top-loading NES-101) contained the 10NES lockout chip, which significantly increased the challenges faced by unlicensed developers. Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from \"lock\" to \"key\", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports. NES consoles sold in different regions had different lockout chips, so games marketed in one region would not work on consoles from another region. Known regions are: USA/Canada (3193 lockout chip), most of Europe (3195), Asia (3196) and UK, Italy and Australia (3197). Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an \"A\" or \"B\" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B). Rest-of-Europe games typically had text on the box stating \"This game is not compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System\". Similarly, UK/Italy/Australia games stated \"This game is only compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
|
the northeastern Indian subcontinent
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
On what show did Queen announce they would be touring with Adam Lambert?
|
Good Morning America
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 20 September 2013, Queen + Adam Lambert performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas. On 6 March 2014, the band announced on Good Morning America that Queen + Adam Lambert will tour North America in Summer 2014. The band will also tour Australia and New Zealand in August/September 2014. In an interview with Rolling Stone, May and Taylor said that although the tour with Lambert is a limited thing, they are open to him becoming an official member, and cutting new material with him.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the name of the winning unit in the 2010 elections in Burma ?
|
The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal. However, immediately following the elections, the government ended the house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her ability to move freely around the country is considered an important test of the military's movement toward more openness. After unexpected reforms in 2011, NLD senior leaders have decided to register as a political party and to field candidates in future by-elections.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
To what annual art festival is the city of New Haven home?
|
International Festival of Arts and Ideas
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas. New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connecticut. The St. Andrew the Apostle Italian Festival has taken place in the historic Wooster Square neighborhood every year since 1900. Other parishes in the city celebrate the Feast of Saint Anthony of Padua and a carnival in honor of St. Bernadette Soubirous. New Haven celebrates Powder House Day every April on the New Haven Green to commemorate the city's entrance into the Revolutionary War. The annual Wooster Square Cherry Blossom Festival commemorates the 1973 planting of 72 Yoshino Japanese Cherry Blossom trees by the New Haven Historic Commission in collaboration with the New Haven Parks Department and residents of the neighborhood. The Festival now draws well over 5,000 visitors. The Film Fest New Haven has been held annually since 1995.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which two of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?
|
Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, colleagues of Feynman, edited and illustrated them into book form. The work has endured and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with \"Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics\" by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental?
|
John Whitelocke
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 3 February 1807, British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo (1807), but it was recaptured by the Spanish in the same year on 2 September when John Whitelocke was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental—roughly the same area as modern Uruguay—and of Buenos Aires. After this conflict, the governor of Montevideo Francisco Javier de Elío opposed the new viceroy Santiago de Liniers, and created a government Junta when the Peninsular War started in Spain, in defiance of Liniers. Elío disestablished the Junta when Liniers was replaced by Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?
|
842
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians venerate images and icons of Mary, given that the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 permitted their veneration with the understanding that those who venerate the image are venerating the reality of the person it represents, and the 842 Synod of Constantinople confirming the same. According to Orthodox piety and traditional practice, however, believers ought to pray before and venerate only flat, two-dimensional icons, and not three-dimensional statues.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Greece has evidence of Stone Age people during what time period?
|
7th millennium BC
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The earliest evidence of the presence of human ancestors in the southern Balkans, dated to 270,000 BC, is to be found in the Petralona cave, in the Greek province of Macedonia. All three stages of the stone age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic) are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave. Neolithic settlements in Greece, dating from the 7th millennium BC, are the oldest in Europe by several centuries, as Greece lies on the route via which farming spread from the Near East to Europe.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the Cuban Missile crisis happen?
|
1962
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what year did Hayek come to London?
|
1931
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who would a South Africian NPO register with if they were a voluntary organization?
|
South Africa Revenue Services "SARS"
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In South Africa, charities issue a tax certificate when requested by donors which can be used as a tax deduction by the donor. Non Profit Organisations are registered under Companies and Intellectual Property Commission as Nonprofit Companies (NPCs) but may voluntarily register with The Nonprofit Companies Directorate. Trusts are registered by the Master of the High Court. Section 21 Companies are registered under the Company's Act. All are classified as Voluntary Organisations and all must be registered with the South Africa Revenue Services \"SARS\".[citation needed]",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the second main crop of the province?
|
wheat
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The province is traditionally known as the \"Land of Fish and Rice\". True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country. The main cash crops include jute and cotton, and the province also leads the provinces of China in tea production. (The renowned Longjing tea is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who told Gaddafi about a possible counter-coup in 1970?
|
U.S.
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that \"the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory.\" The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status?
|
Paris
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny. Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What does Oklahoma mean?
|
red people
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what year did the Brooklyn Bridge cease to be the world's longest suspension bridge?
|
1903
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who created the crown tribunal?
|
king Stefan Batory
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the Egyptian Arabic name for Egypt?
|
Miṣr
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Miṣr (IPA: [mi̠sˤr] or Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mesˤɾ]; Arabic: مِصر) is the Classical Quranic Arabic and modern official name of Egypt, while Maṣr (IPA: [mɑsˤɾ]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصر) is the local pronunciation in Egyptian Arabic. The name is of Semitic origin, directly cognate with other Semitic words for Egypt such as the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (Mitzráyim). The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the Akkadian 𒆳 𒈪 𒄑 𒊒 KURmi-iṣ-ru miṣru, related to miṣru/miṣirru/miṣaru, meaning \"border\" or \"frontier\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Newborns can acquire antibodies from the mother through what means?
|
breast milk
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Maternal factors also play a role in the body’s immune response. At birth, most of the immunoglobulin present is maternal IgG. Because IgM, IgD, IgE and IgA don’t cross the placenta, they are almost undetectable at birth. Some IgA is provided by breast milk. These passively-acquired antibodies can protect the newborn for up to 18 months, but their response is usually short-lived and of low affinity. These antibodies can also produce a negative response. If a child is exposed to the antibody for a particular antigen before being exposed to the antigen itself then the child will produce a dampened response. Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T-cells to vaccination differs in children compared to adults, and vaccines that induce Th1 responses in adults do not readily elicit these same responses in neonates. Between six to nine months after birth, a child’s immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins, but there is usually no marked improvement in their response to polysaccharides until they are at least one year old. This can be the reason for distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did the emperor do in response to so many defeats by the Europeans?
|
Hundred Days' Reform of 1898
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school system, and appoint new officials. Opposition from the bureaucracy was immediate and intense. Although she had been involved in the initial reforms, the empress dowager stepped in to call them off, arrested and executed several reformers, and took over day-to-day control of policy. Yet many of the plans stayed in place, and the goals of reform were implanted.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When does "crosstalk" occur?
|
when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player is out of alignment or because the disc is damaged or excessively warped
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addition, LaserDisc videos sometimes exhibit a problem known as \"crosstalk\". The issue can arise when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player is out of alignment or because the disc is damaged or excessively warped, but it could also occur even with a properly functioning player and a factory-new disc, depending on electrical and mechanical alignment problems. In these instances, the issue arose due to the fact that CLV discs require subtle changes in rotating speed at various points during playback. During a change in speed, the optical pickup inside the player might read video information from a track adjacent to the intended one, causing data from the two tracks to \"cross\"; the extra video information picked up from that second track shows up as distortion in the picture which looks reminiscent of swirling \"barber poles\" or rolling lines of static.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What denominations are considered to be better educated than most other groups?
|
Episcopalians and Presbyterians
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the Black Guard exist?
|
In the 18th century
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Most drugs have been found by isolating what from traditional remedies?
|
active ingredient
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed. In the past most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry. A great deal of early-stage drug discovery has traditionally been carried out by universities and research institutions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What have computers in police cars enabled for reporting?
|
updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatching of calls, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis. Other common pieces of police equipment include flashlights/torches, whistles, police notebooks and \"ticket books\" or citations.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which Microsoft executive announced IPTV as "soon" in 2007?
|
Bill Gates
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition platform. In 2008, Gates and president of Entertainment & Devices Robbie Bach announced a partnership with BT in the United Kingdom, in which the BT Vision advanced TV service, using the newer Microsoft Mediaroom IPTV platform, would be accessible via Xbox 360, planned for the middle of the year. BT Vision's DVR-based features would not be available on Xbox 360 due to limited hard drive capacity. In 2010, while announcing version 2.0 of Microsoft Mediaroom, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer mentioned that AT&T's U-verse IPTV service would enable Xbox 360s to be used as set-top boxes later in the year. As of January 2010, IPTV on Xbox 360 has yet to be deployed beyond limited trials.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What type of tree has very little contrast between parts of its growth rings?
|
white pines
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "If a heavy piece of pine is compared with a lightweight piece it will be seen at once that the heavier one contains a larger proportion of latewood than the other, and is therefore showing more clearly demarcated growth rings. In white pines there is not much contrast between the different parts of the ring, and as a result the wood is very uniform in texture and is easy to work. In hard pines, on the other hand, the latewood is very dense and is deep-colored, presenting a very decided contrast to the soft, straw-colored earlywood.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
|
Denkel lowlands of Eritrea
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?
|
Jure Piškanac
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture. Just before the end of Carnival, every Kvarner town burns a man-like doll called a \"Jure Piškanac\", who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year. The Zvončari, or bell-ringers, wear bells and large head regalia representing their areas of origin (for example, those from Halubje wear regalia in the shape of animal heads). The traditional Carnival food is fritule, a pastry. This festival can also be called Poklade.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where is the Phase-two key switch to be found?
|
on the COP
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel. This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building. The phase-two key switch located on the COP has three positions: off, on, and hold. By turning phase two on, the firefighter enables the car to move. However, like independent-service mode, the car will not respond to a car call unless the firefighter manually pushes and holds the door close button. Once the elevator gets to the desired floor it will not open its doors unless the firefighter holds the door open button. This is in case the floor is burning and the firefighter can feel the heat and knows not to open the door. The firefighter must hold door open until the door is completely opened. If for any reason the firefighter wishes to leave the elevator, they will use the hold position on the key switch to make sure the elevator remains at that floor. If the firefighter wishes to return to the recall floor, they simply turn the key off and close the doors.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What year was the national Communications act enacted?
|
2012
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communications, academic and civil society stakeholders. According to the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication, the Act is expected to create an environment conducive to investment and the certainty it provides will encourage further infrastructural development, resulting in more efficient service delivery.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who led the world in renewable energy production in 2013?
|
China
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 2013, China led the world in renewable energy production, with a total capacity of 378 GW, mainly from hydroelectric and wind power. As of 2014, China leads the world in the production and use of wind power, solar photovoltaic power and smart grid technologies, generating almost as much water, wind and solar energy as all of France and Germany's power plants combined. China's renewable energy sector is growing faster than its fossil fuels and nuclear power capacity. Since 2005, production of solar cells in China has expanded 100-fold. As Chinese renewable manufacturing has grown, the costs of renewable energy technologies have dropped. Innovation has helped, but the main driver of reduced costs has been market expansion.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What are large air-filled cavities that connect to the respiratory system?
|
pneumatic cavities
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones. They have large air-filled cavities (called pneumatic cavities) which connect with the respiratory system. The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures. The orbits are large and separated by a bony septum. The spine has cervical, thoracic, lumbar and caudal regions with the number of cervical (neck) vertebrae highly variable and especially flexible, but movement is reduced in the anterior thoracic vertebrae and absent in the later vertebrae. The last few are fused with the pelvis to form the synsacrum. The ribs are flattened and the sternum is keeled for the attachment of flight muscles except in the flightless bird orders. The forelimbs are modified into wings.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What does the line integral of the electric field between the plates of a capacitor represent?
|
The voltage
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The simplest model capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε . This model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the length and width of the plates are much greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Micro-electro mechanical systems prefer what type of motor?
|
electrostatic motor
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "An electrostatic motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors. They typically require a high-voltage power supply, although very small motors employ lower voltages. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic attraction and repulsion, and require high current at low voltages. In the 1750s, the first electrostatic motors were developed by Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon. Today the electrostatic motor finds frequent use in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) where their drive voltages are below 100 volts, and where moving, charged plates are far easier to fabricate than coils and iron cores. Also, the molecular machinery which runs living cells is often based on linear and rotary electrostatic motors.[citation needed]",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What simple plant has been used to study plant cells?
|
red alga
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem loading of sugar in C4 plants. The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has also been used to study some basic chloroplast functions. Spinach, peas, soybeans and a moss Physcomitrella patens are commonly used to study plant cell biology.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What displays the most features on an insect?
|
Orthoptera
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The head is enclosed in a hard, heavily sclerotized, unsegmented, exoskeletal head capsule, or epicranium, which contains most of the sensing organs, including the antennae, ocellus or eyes, and the mouthparts. Of all the insect orders, Orthoptera displays the most features found in other insects, including the sutures and sclerites. Here, the vertex, or the apex (dorsal region), is situated between the compound eyes for insects with a hypognathous and opisthognathous head. In prognathous insects, the vertex is not found between the compound eyes, but rather, where the ocelli are normally. This is because the primary axis of the head is rotated 90° to become parallel to the primary axis of the body. In some species, this region is modified and assumes a different name.:13",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was Eduard Lasker?
|
a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute?
|
The Solzinc process
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2,300–2,600 °C or 4,200–4,700 °F). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where was the Treaty of Hubertusburg signed?
|
at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig.
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, was signed on February 15, 1763, at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig. Negotiations had started there on December 31, 1762. Frederick, who had considered ceding East Prussia to Russia if Peter III helped him secure Saxony, finally insisted on excluding Russia (in fact, no longer a belligerent) from the negotiations. At the same time, he refused to evacuate Saxony until its elector had renounced any claim to reparation. The Austrians wanted at least to retain Glatz, which they had in fact reconquered, but Frederick would not allow it. The treaty simply restored the status quo of 1748, with Silesia and Glatz reverting to Frederick and Saxony to its own elector. The only concession that Prussia made to Austria was to consent to the election of Archduke Joseph as Holy Roman emperor.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Being positioned as a higher end PC, what is it misleading to compare the Mac to?
|
a budget PC
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market share to predict Apple's impending doom, particularly in the early and mid-1990s when the company's future seemed bleakest. Others argue that market share is the wrong way to judge the Mac's success. Apple has positioned the Mac as a higher-end personal computer, and so it may be misleading to compare it to a budget PC. Because the overall market for personal computers has grown rapidly, the Mac's increasing sales numbers are effectively swamped by the industry's expanding sales volume as a whole. Apple's small market share, then, gives the impression that fewer people are using Macs than did ten years ago, when exactly the opposite is true. Soaring sales of the iPhone and iPad mean that the portion of Apple's profits represented by the Macintosh has declined in 2010, dropping to 24% from 46% two years earlier. Others try to de-emphasize market share, citing that it is rarely brought up in other industries. Regardless of the Mac's market share, Apple has remained profitable since Steve Jobs' return and the company's subsequent reorganization. Notably, a report published in the first quarter of 2008 found that Apple had a 14% market share in the personal computer market in the US, including 66% of all computers over $1,000. Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from a higher-income demographic than the mainstream personal computer market.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many books are listed that should be included but were not?
|
7 books
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah and places the Book of Esther among the \"7 books not in the canon but to be read\" along with the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Judith, Tobit, the Didache, and the Shepherd of Hermas.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
High altitude needs in Germany were going to be handled by what?
|
a 75 mm gun from Krupp
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Germany's high-altitude needs were originally going to be filled by a 75 mm gun from Krupp, designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors, but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance. In response Krupp's engineers presented a new 88 mm design, the FlaK 36. First used in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, the gun proved to be one of the best anti-aircraft guns in the world, as well as particularly deadly against light, medium, and even early heavy tanks.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why are scholars concerned with analysis of the Gospels over the letters?
|
biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did he hear that his mother was dying?
|
February 1939
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff. ",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What town did Gaddafi's family move to after they left Sirte?
|
Sabha
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What aspect of buildings became very rare?
|
Internal courtyards
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees. The views to and from the front and rear of the main block were concentrated on, with the side approaches usually much less important. The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings. The roofline was generally clear of ornament except for a balustrade or the top of a pediment. Columns or pilasters, often topped by a pediment, were popular for ornament inside and out, and other ornament was generally geometrical or plant-based, rather than using the human figure.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In November 2008, who was on death penalty without a murder conviction?
|
Demarcus Sears
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "As of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\" Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\"",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
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