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Negotiating with learners should begin very early on in a students learning experience. It often starts with initial (or diagnostic assessment) which should take place with the student during a pre-course interview where details can be obtained as to the learners current status and suitability for the course in question. It is a means of assessing a student’s ability and needs in a learning environment and can often identify the level of student’s functional skills. ‘Diagnostic assessment is an evaluation of a learner’s skills, knowledge, strengths and areas for development.’ (Gravells, 2008:75). Initial assessment gives students an opportunity to divulge any concerns they may have or disabilities that may inhibit them for learning. This will allow the teacher to arrange for any classroom support that the student may require. Once on the course an induction should take place where a profile can be created and the learner introduced to the course content, to the teacher and other learners.
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When working with students with learning disabilities it is essential that we assess student’s abilities and identify their learning needs very early on in order for us to plan to provide further support in the classroom. ‘The concept of differentiated instruction is based on the need for general education teachers to differentiate instruction to meet the needs of diverse learners in the general education class; this includes students with learning disabilities as well as a number of other disabilities ‘(Bender, 2008:5). This will also allow the teacher to teach in a manner that meets the students learning styles.
Students should also have an Individual Learning Plan or ILP. This plan identifies a student’s needs and also recognises the goals and aspirations of the learner and is drawn up by negotiation with the teacher. ‘The purpose of an ILP is to help create a well planned ‘tailor made’ programme of activities for each student that meets their individual needs and aspirations.’ (Petty 2004:510). By actively involving students in the outcome of their learning it gives the student ownership and a desire to succeed.
Targets set must be S.M.A.R.T. (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely) and they are necessary for student’s to achieve the qualification they are aiming for and gives the student ongoing goals to work towards. However, as teachers it is paramount we must ensure that the goals and targets set are realistic. We must also ensure that we continually assess the student’s progress (through formative assessment) and check that they are meeting specific targets. Therefore we can identify if a student needs further support. ‘Students with learning disabilities require considerably more structure in their lessons… monitoring student’s performance….will enable the student…to see his or her performance in relation to previous efforts.’ (Bender, 2002:139).
All students have the right to be educated and in so doing to be treated equally with respect regardless of age, gender, race, belief or ability. This is called Inclusive teaching – recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all students. Learning must be differentiated to be effective. ‘Differentiated instruction is a flexible approach to teaching in which the teacher plans and carries out varied approaches to content, process and product in anticipation of and in response to student differences in readiness, interests and learning needs.’ (Tomlinson, 1995:10). It is important to ensure all students are included in all class activities and discussions by way of recognising their individual needs enabling them to reach their goals and feel a sense of achievement. ‘Inclusive learning is about recognising that each of your learners is different from other learners in many ways, and should not be excluded from any of your activities within your sessions for any legitimate reason.’ (Gravells 2008:21). Inclusive teaching avoids classifying students into stereotypes.
With this in mind it is essential that, as teachers, we have methods we can use to identify individual learner’s potential abilities and needs and hence deliver appropriately resourced sessions that will attempt to give all learners an equal chance of success. As mentioned previously it is crucial we identify any learning disabilities early on to ensure identification of learner needs. Such identification methods could include:
initial assessments/assessment days
one to one discussions
Use of some or all of these methods would enable the teacher to gain knowledge of a learner’s status and assist in planning an effective course for them taking into account any special equipment/resources needed.
The outcome of these assessments may indicate that some aspects of the learners needs cannot be handled by the tutor. It is important that we are able to recognise and accept that this may indeed be the case. The learners’ needs are paramount and there will be internal support available:
disability liaison officers
In addition there are numerous external support agencies for example Drugs- Line, Shelterline, Childline and NHS Direct.
Staff at Monash University in Victoria, Australia have developed a useful strategy for implementing inclusive teaching which includes the following suggestions:
‘recognise that students have a range of different learning styles
use a variety of teaching methods and presentation styles to accommodate different learning styles
be prepared to reassess the materials used and adjust the way they are delivered
negotiate directly with students, whenever possible, regarding their requirements
consult with others such as support staff, disability liaison officers and counsellors who can support and advise both students and staff ‘
Functional skills (historically known as key or basic skills) are core practical skills in English (literacy), Mathematics (numeracy) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) that young people can develop and apply in different contexts that will enable them to work confidently, effectively and independently in all aspects of life, their communities and work. Individuals possessing these skills are able to progress not only in education but also in the workplace via work related training, problem solving and team working. ‘This means they can be transferred to different situations/contexts as well as being used in a learner’s particular subject area’ Ann Gravells (2008:70). As teachers we must use every opportunity to embed functional skills:
‘Embedding …. means that functional skills are taught within the main subject topic in a seamless way’ Linda Wilson (2008:45). To be in any way relevant the teaching of functional skills must encourage learners to apply this knowledge to real life scenarios e.g. a numeracy application could be household budgeting. This is summed up on the National Curriculum web site:
‘Learners need opportunities to:
apply their skills in plausible contexts or use their skills for real purposes
engage with the world beyond the classroom
integrate learning by linking knowledge within and between the functional areas
spend time planning and developing their work
makes choices and decisions, think creatively and act independently
experience success in real situations as a result of using their skills effectively’
As teachers we need to employ a collective approach to developing functional skills through subjects, links across subjects, common topics and/or themes, timetabled days and/or events. This will involve the efficient use of time, staffing, facilities, resources and equipment.
Within my teaching of Business Administration I would seek to embed functional skills in all topics covered.
Examples as to how I would achieve this in literacy would be getting learners to:
take part in discussions
read and understand a wide range of texts
identify points and how they are presented
write documents to communicate information in a suitable format
listen to information
Examples as to how I would achieve this in numeracy would be getting learners to:
understand and calculate proportions
collect data (possibly using ICT)
identify mathematical techniques to solve problems
interpreting the solutions to those problems
Examples as to how I would achieve this in ICT would be getting learners to:
enter and format information in various applications
use of support tools to check on spelling, grammar etc.
use of applications to create tables, graphs and displays
access ICT based information and search and select various criteria
The world of business and hence the subject Business Administration is particularly conducive to exposing learners to the necessity to embrace these core skills as in any business scenario a knowledge and ability to use them is vital.
Clear and effective communication is a complex two-way process involving the mutual exchange of information and ideas that can be written, verbal and non-verbal and includes delivering and receiving information which involves listening, observation and sensitivity and can be between teacher and student or student and student. Communication is a crucial cornerstone in any learning environment and can be applied directly to the teaching of Business Administration where communication is key.
Often taking many forms we can split communication into 2 types, verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication can be classed as of or concerned with words and is basically talking either face to face where we would be concerned with sound, words, speaking and language. Verbal communication can also be on
the telephone where we would additionally be concerned about pitch and tone. For the purposes of this definition verbal communication is also in written form i.e. letter, e-mail, text etc.
Non-verbal communication can be classed as communication through sending and receiving wordless messages, examples are:
signing (British sign language)
touching (Haptics) e.g. handshake
In a study conducted in 1967 Albert Mehrabian summed up the impact we have on others through verbal and non-verbal communication and his research is represented on the following chart:
From the chart we can see that according to Mehrabian only 7% of the content of messages that we receive are the words actually spoken. The majority of the content is received via body language and tone of voice.
The 7-38-55% rule is often misquoted as Mehrabian found that it only applies when a communicator is talking about their feelings or attitudes and in no other circumstances.
Another theorist, David Berlo, published his model of communication in 1960. His model represents a behavioural approach to understanding communication. Berlo considers context and purpose and notes that we communicate to influence affect with intent and charges the speaker to be aware of purpose and delivery to efficiently get meaning across. He approaches communication as a process, a dynamic series of events that is constantly changing. Shifting, without beginning or end.
The model is divided into elements: a source, a message, a channel, a receiver and the message needs to be encoded then decoded. A diagrammatic representation is as follows:
In addition to students, tutors will communicate with a whole host of people from differing quarters including colleagues, parents, awarding bodies, other professional bodies, OFSTED inspectors etc.
This is an opportune point to mention probably the most underestimated communication skill which is listening. It was Epictetus, the Greek philosopher who said ‘nature gave us one tongue and two ears so we could hear twice as a much as we speak’. Therefore it seems sensible that we, as teachers, should take on board some guidelines to being a good listener:
maintain eye contact
listen to the words
allow the speaker to finish
repeat what you thought you heard
watch your body language (remember Mehrabian’s 55%)
In the opening paragraph it was mentioned that communication was a ‘two-way’ process. This is not always easy to achieve as various barriers can hinder this process. The list of potential barriers is endless but amongst others are:
background and bias past experiences can alter the message
jargon especially subject related
noise equipment or environmental
environmental factors e.g. bright lights
vocabulary most teachers will have a larger vocabulary
than that of their students
stress stress can alter perception
unapproachable teacher students may develop a reluctance to talk
Teachers need to identify barriers (possibly at the initial assessment) and help students overcome them although on an ongoing basis barriers can crop up at any time and as such we would need to adapt our material to suit students individual barrier problems taking into account their learning styles.
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January 17, 2012
Safety tips designed to help families stay protected from home fire and carbon monoxide poisoning
NORTHBROOK, Ill., Jan 17, 2012 - When the temperature drops and families head indoors to escape the cold, improper use of heating equipment can put homes at risk for fire. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), heating equipment fires account for 18% of all reported home (second behind cooking) and 22% of home fire deaths[i]. Specifically, most home heating fire deaths (79%) and injuries (66%) and half (52%) of associated direct property damage involved stationary or portable space heaters[ii].
That's why UL (Underwriters Laboratories) warns it's important to safeguard against potential fire and potential home heating hazards.
"January and February are peak months for home heating fire deaths, says John Drengenberg, UL's consumer safety director. "By taking precautions and making sure you're using indoor heating sources correctly, you can avoid tragedy while staying warm and fire safe."
UL recommends these simple steps to help avoid potential home fires this winter season:
- Keep flammable materials at least three feet away from indoor heat sources such as space heaters and fireplaces
- Always shut off space heaters when leaving the room and before going to bed
- Check your home's smoke alarms and make sure models and batteries are up to date
- Look for the UL Mark on home heaters to make sure they have been tested to appropriate safety requirements
"By understanding where fire hazards exist, and taking some simple preventative steps to avoid them, people can greatly reduce their risk to fire this winter," said Lorraine Carli, NFPA's vice president of communications.
In addition to home fires, Drengenberg reminds that carbon monoxide (CO) can also be a hazard, especially to toddlers and older adults. CO is a colorless, odorless and poisonous gas that is often associated with faulty furnaces or alternative methods of winter heating. Dubbed the "silent killer," the gas kills 500 people and sends 15,200 more to the hospital each year.
To help make your home a little bit warmer and safer, UL is urging homeowners to INSPECT for, PROTECT and DETECT against CO hazards and remember the following tips:
- INSPECT for potential signs of CO leaks such as carbon streak or soot around fuel-burning appliances
- INSPECT furnace rooms for moisture collecting on windows or wall
- INSPECT chimneys and fireplaces as well as fuel-burning appliances (furnaces, hot water heaters and stoves) annually with a qualified technician
- PROTECT your home by purchasing and installing a CO alarm on every level of the home and outside sleeping areas
- PROTECT the effectiveness of your CO alarms by testing them monthly and replacing batteries once a year
- DECTECT the source of CO by having a professional inspect and fix the problem after a CO alarm sounds
- DETECT CO by watching for symptoms of gas poisoning including headaches, dizziness and other flu-like complaints If you experience those symptoms, evacuate the house, call the fire department and seek medical attention
[i] "Home Fires Involving Heating Equipment." National Fire Protection Association.http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/HeatingExecutiveSummary.pdf. Last accessed January 12, 2012.
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a form of arthritis in children. Arthritis
causes joint swelling (inflammation) and joint stiffness. JIA is arthritis that affects
1 or more joints for at least 6 weeks in a child age 16 or younger.
Unlike adult rheumatoid arthritis, which is ongoing (chronic) and lasts a lifetime,
children often outgrow JIA. But the disease can affect bone development in a growing
There are several types of JIA:
Systemic onset JIA. This type affects 1 or more joints. There is often a high fever and a skin rash.
It may also cause inflammation of internal organs, including the heart, liver, spleen,
and lymph nodes. It is the least common type. It affects about 1 in 1,000 children
Oligoarticular JIA. This type affects 1 to 4 joints in the first 6 months of disease. If no more joints
are affected after 6 months, this type is called persistent. If more joints are affected
after 6 months, it is called extended.
Polyarticular JIA. This type affects 5 or more joints in the first 6 months of disease. Blood tests
for rheumatoid factor (RF) will show if this type is RF-positive or RF-negative.
Enthesitis-related JIA. With this type, a child has arthritis as well as enthesitis. This is a swelling and
inflammation of the tissue where bone meets a tendon or ligament. It often affects
the hips, knees, and feet. This type is also sometimes called juvenile spondyloarthritis.
Psoriatic arthritis. With this type, a child may have both arthritis and a red, scaly skin disease called
psoriasis. Or a child may have arthritis and 2 or more of the following:
Inflammation of a finger or toe
Pits or ridges in fingernails
Family history of a first-degree relative with psoriasis
Undifferentiated arthritis. This is arthritis that has symptoms of 2 or more JIA types above. Or the symptoms
might not match any type of JIA.
What causes juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Like adult rheumatoid arthritis, JIA is an autoimmune disease. This means the body's
immune system attacks its own healthy cells and tissues. JIA may be caused by several
things. These include genes and the environment. This means the disease can run in
families, but it can also be triggered by exposure to certain things. JIA is linked
to part of a gene called HLA antigen DR4. A person with this antigen may be more likely
to have the disease.
What are the symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Symptoms may appear during episodes (flare-ups). Or they may be ongoing (chronic).
Each child’s symptoms can vary. Symptoms may include:
Swollen, stiff, and painful joints in the knees, hands, feet, ankles, shoulders, elbows,
or other joints, often in the morning or after a nap
Warmth and redness in a joint
Less ability to use 1 or more joints
Decreased appetite, poor weight gain, and slow growth
High fever and rash (in systemic JIA)
Swollen lymph nodes (in systemic JIA)
These symptoms can seem like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees their
healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
How is juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnosed?
Diagnosing JIA may be difficult. There is no single test to confirm the disease. Your
child’s healthcare provider will take your child’s health history and do a physical
exam. Your child's provider will ask about your child's symptoms and any recent illness.
JIA is based on symptoms of inflammation that have occurred for 6 weeks or more.
Tests may also be done. These include blood tests, such as:
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and other antibody tests. These tests measure blood levels of antibodies that are often seen in people with
Complete blood count (CBC). This test checks for low counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Complement test. This test is done to measure the level of complement. This is a group of proteins
in the blood that help destroy foreign substances. Low levels of complement in the
blood are linked to immune disorders.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate). This test looks at how quickly red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube.
When swelling and inflammation are present, the blood's proteins clump together and
become heavier than normal. They fall and settle faster at the bottom of the test
tube. The faster the blood cells fall, the more severe the inflammation.
C-reactive protein (CRP). This protein shows up when inflammation is found in the body. ESR and CRP show similar
amounts of inflammation. But one may be high when the other is not. This test may
be repeated to check a child’s response to medicine.
Creatinine. This blood test checks for kidney disease.
Hematocrit. This measures the number of red blood cells in a blood sample. Low levels of red
blood cells (anemia) are common in people with inflammatory arthritis and rheumatic
Rheumatoid factor (RF). This test checks to see if RF is in the blood. This is an antibody found in the blood
of most people who have rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases.
White blood cell count. This measures the number of white blood cells in the blood. Higher levels of white
blood cells may mean an infection. Lower levels may be a sign of some rheumatic diseases
or a reaction to medicine.
Your child may also have imaging tests. These can show how much damage the bones have.
The tests may include:
X-rays. This test uses a small amount of radiation to make images of organs, bones, and other
CT scan. This test uses a series of X-rays and a computer to make detailed images of bones,
muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than regular X-rays.
MRI. This test uses large magnets and a computer to make detailed pictures of organs and
structures in the body. It does not use X-rays.
Bone scan. This test uses a small amount of radiation to highlight the bones in a scanner.
Other tests may include:
Urine tests. These look for blood or protein in the urine. If they are present, it can mean the
kidneys are not working normally.
Joint aspiration (arthrocentesis). A small sample of the synovial fluid is taken from a joint. It's tested to see if
crystals, bacteria, or viruses are present.
Full eye exam. An ophthalmologist (eye care specialist) does this exam.
How is juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated?
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and stiffness and to help your child keep
as normal a lifestyle as possible.
Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also
depend on how severe the condition is.
Treatment may include medicines, such as:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
Disease-modifying antirheumatic medicines (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, to ease
inflammation and control JIA
Corticosteroid medicines to reduce inflammation and severe symptoms
Medicines called biologics that interfere with the body's inflammatory response. They
are used if other treatment isn’t working.
Talk with your child’s healthcare provider about the risks, benefits, and possible
side effects of all medicines.
Other treatments and lifestyle changes may include:
Physical therapy to improve and maintain muscle and joint function
Occupational therapy to improve ability to do activities of daily living
Regular eye exams to find early eye changes from inflammation
Regular exercise and weight control
Getting enough rest
Learning to use large joints instead of small joints to move or carry things
What are possible complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Nearly half of all children with JIA recover fully. Others may have symptoms for years.
Some will have rashes, fever, or arthritis that gets worse. Problems may include slow
growth and thinning bones (osteoporosis). In rare cases, there may be problems with
the kidneys, heart, or endocrine system.
Helping your child live with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Help your child manage their symptoms by sticking to the treatment plan and keeping
follow-up appointments. This includes getting enough sleep. Encourage exercise and
physical therapy and find ways to make it fun. Work with your child's school to make
sure your child has help as needed. Work with other caregivers to help your child
take part as much possible in school, social, and physical activities. Your child
may also qualify for special help under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
You can also help your child find a support group to be around with other children
When should I call my child’s healthcare provider?
Tell the provider if your child's symptoms get worse or there are new symptoms. Contact
your healthcare provider if you have questions or concerns about your child's medicines.
Always ask your provider or pharmacist about potential medicine interactions before
giving your child new prescriptions, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, or supplements.
Key points about juvenile idiopathic arthritis
JIA is a form of arthritis in children ages 16 or younger. It causes joint inflammation
and stiffness for more than 6 weeks.
The disease may affect a few joints or many joints. It may cause symptoms all over
The most common symptoms include swollen, stiff, warm, red, and painful joints.
Treatment options include medicines, physical therapy, healthy eating and exercise,
eye exams, and rest.
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:
Know the reason for the visit and what you want to happen.
Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis and any new medicines, treatments,
or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child.
Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed and how it will help your child.
Also know what the side effects are.
Ask if your child’s condition can be treated in other ways.
Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
Know what to expect if your child does not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose
for that visit.
Know how you can contact your child’s provider after office hours. This is important
if your child becomes ill and you have questions or need advice.
Online Medical Reviewers:
- Diane Horowitz MD
- Marianne Fraser MSN RN
- Raymond Kent Turley BSN MSN RN
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In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deep into the world of 3D printing gears. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced 3D printer, this guide will provide you with all the necessary knowledge and skills to create and print your own custom gears. We will cover everything from selecting the right materials and tools to troubleshooting common issues and maximizing the performance of your 3D printer. With our expert guidance, you’ll be able to master the art of 3D printing gears and take your 3D printing projects to new heights.
A. Understanding 3D Printing Gears
Welcome to the world of 3D printing, where precision meets innovation. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricate art of 3D printing gears. Understanding the fundamentals of this process is crucial for anyone looking to elevate their 3D printing expertise. Gears are the backbone of many mechanical systems, and mastering their creation unlocks a realm of possibilities in the world of additive manufacturing.
B. The Importance of Custom Gears in 3D Printing
Customization is key in the world of 3D printing, and gears are no exception. Tailoring gears to specific project requirements can make a significant difference in performance and efficiency. From enhancing mechanical systems to creating unique prototypes, custom gears play a pivotal role in pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in the realm of 3D printing.
C. The Benefits of Mastering 3D Printing Gears
Mastering the art of 3D printing gears comes with a plethora of benefits. Not only does it allow for customization, but it also opens doors to cost-effective prototyping, rapid design iterations, and the ability to create intricate gear geometries that were once challenging with traditional manufacturing methods. Join us on this journey as we explore the advantages of honing your skills in 3D printing gears.
II. Selecting the Right Materials for 3D Printing Gears
Choosing The Right Material For Your Project
One of the most important decisions you’ll make when 3D printing gears is selecting the right material. The material you choose will have a significant impact on the functionality, durability, and appearance of your gears. There are many factors to consider, such as the environment, the load, and the speed of your gears. In this guide, we’ll help you navigate the various options and find the best material for your project.
What Are The Different Types Of Materials For 3D Printing Gears?
There are many types of materials available for 3D printing gears, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most common ones are:
- PLA: PLA is a biodegradable and eco-friendly material that is easy to print and widely available. It has good dimensional accuracy and low shrinkage, making it suitable for precise and intricate gears. However, PLA is not very durable or heat-resistant, and it can degrade over time when exposed to moisture or sunlight. PLA is best for low-stress and low-temperature applications, such as toys, models, or decorative items.
- ABS: ABS is a strong and durable material that can withstand high temperatures and impacts. It has good resistance to wear and tear, making it ideal for heavy-duty and industrial applications. However, ABS is prone to warping and cracking, and it requires a heated bed and an enclosed chamber to print properly. ABS also emits unpleasant fumes during printing, so proper ventilation is essential. ABS is best for high-stress and high-temperature applications, such as automotive parts, machinery, or tools.
- PETG: PETG is a versatile and flexible material that combines the best of both PLA and ABS. It has high strength and durability, as well as good resistance to heat and chemicals. It also has low shrinkage and warping, making it easy to print and compatible with most printers. PETG is also recyclable and food-safe, making it suitable for a variety of applications. PETG is best for medium-stress and medium-temperature applications, such as household items, containers, or outdoor equipment.
- Nylon: Nylon is a premium material that offers excellent strength, flexibility, and durability. It has high resistance to abrasion, impact, and fatigue, making it ideal for gears that undergo frequent or intense use. Nylon also has low friction and high lubricity, allowing for smooth and quiet operation of your gears. However, nylon is difficult to print and requires high temperatures and a dry environment. Nylon also absorbs moisture easily, which can affect its quality and performance. Nylon is best for high-performance and demanding applications, such as aerospace, medical, or robotics.
How To Choose The Right Material For Your Project?
Choosing the right material for your project depends on several factors, such as:
- The environment: Consider the temperature, humidity, UV exposure, and chemical exposure of your gears. Some materials are more resistant to these factors than others. For example, PLA will degrade in hot or humid environments, while nylon will perform well in these conditions.
- The load: Consider the force and pressure that your gears will experience. Some materials are more capable of handling these stresses than others. For example, ABS will withstand high impacts better than PLA, while nylon will resist fatigue better than ABS.
- The speed: Consider the rotational speed of your gears. Some materials are more suitable for high-speed applications than others. For example, PETG will reduce friction better than PLA, while nylon will lubricate itself better than PETG.
To help you choose the right material for your project, we’ve created a handy chart that compares the different properties of the four materials we’ve discussed:
|Material||Strength||Durability||Heat Resistance||Flexibility||Ease of Printing|
As you can see, there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to 3D printing gears. You’ll have to weigh the pros and cons of each material and find the best balance for your project.
III. Preparing Your 3D Printer for Gear Printing
A. Setting Up Your 3D Printer for Gear Printing
Before diving into the world of 3D printing gears, it’s essential to set up your printer for success. Calibrate your printer’s settings, ensuring the nozzle is at the right temperature and the bed is level. Fine-tune the layer height and print speed based on the material you’ve chosen. Proper printer setup lays the foundation for accurate and reliable gear printing.
B. Preparing Your Print Bed and Support Systems
The key to successful gear printing lies in a well-prepared print bed and support systems. Ensure proper adhesion by cleaning the print bed and, if necessary, applying an adhesive or using a heated bed. Strategically place supports to maintain the integrity of intricate gear structures. A well-prepared print bed and support system contribute significantly to the overall quality of your 3D printed gears.
C. Ensuring Proper Calibration and Safety
Calibration is the heartbeat of 3D printing precision. Confirm that your printer is calibrated for accurate extrusion, layer adhesion, and dimensional accuracy. Additionally, prioritize safety measures. Be aware of the printer’s heat elements, ventilation, and emergency shut-off procedures. A well-calibrated and safe 3D printer is the cornerstone of successful gear printing endeavors.
IV. Designing and Modeling Your Custom Gears
A. Basic Steps for Designing Your Gears
Embark on the journey of designing your custom gears by understanding the basics. Utilize 3D modeling software to create gear profiles, considering tooth count, pitch diameter, and pressure angle. Pay attention to the gear’s purpose and the mechanical forces it will endure. This fundamental design phase sets the stage for a seamless transition from concept to physical gear.
B. Advanced Techniques for Creating Complex Gears
For those ready to push the boundaries of gear design, advanced techniques come into play. Explore parametric modeling to create gears that dynamically adjust based on input parameters. Consider helical gears, internal gears, or even planetary gear systems for specialized applications. Advanced design techniques enable you to tailor gears to meet the specific demands of your project.
C. Tips for Optimizing Your Gear Design for Printing
Optimizing your gear design for 3D printing involves a careful balance of form and function. Pay attention to overhangs, clearances, and tolerances to ensure a successful print. Experiment with different infill patterns and densities to find the right combination of strength and material efficiency. By optimizing your gear design, you not only enhance its performance but also streamline the printing process.
As we progress through this guide, we’ll explore the nuances of post-processing techniques, troubleshooting common printing issues, and fine-tuning your gears for peak performance. Stay tuned for the next segments as we continue our journey toward mastering the art of 3D printing gears.
V. Printing Your Custom Gears Using Filament
A. Selecting the Right Filament for Your Gears
Choosing the right filament is a pivotal step in the 3D printing process. Consider factors such as the material’s strength, flexibility, and temperature resistance. PLA and PETG are popular choices for their balance of properties, but for specialized applications, materials like ABS or nylon might be more suitable. The right filament ensures that your gears not only look great but also perform optimally in their intended environment.
B. Preparing Your Extruder for Gear Printing
Prepare your extruder for the precision required in gear printing. Ensure that it’s clean and in good working order, with proper calibration. Fine-tune the extrusion multiplier and retraction settings to prevent issues like stringing and oozing. A well-prepared extruder is crucial for achieving the intricate details and accuracy demanded by custom gears.
C. Printing Your First Gear and Troubleshooting Common Issues
With your printer and filament ready, it’s time to embark on printing your first custom gear. Monitor the print closely, especially in the initial layers, to ensure proper adhesion. Keep an eye out for potential issues such as layer misalignment, warping, or incomplete infill. Troubleshoot these issues promptly by adjusting print settings or making necessary modifications to your design. Your first print is a learning experience, paving the way for future successes.
VI. Post-Processing and Assembly of Your Custom Gears
A. Cleaning and Polishing Your Printed Gears
Post-processing is a crucial step in elevating the aesthetics and functionality of your 3D printed gears. Begin by carefully removing support structures and cleaning any residual filament. Sand down rough edges and imperfections, paying attention to the gear teeth for smooth operation. For a polished finish, consider techniques like acetone vapor smoothing for certain filament types. A well-finished gear not only looks professional but also functions seamlessly.
B. Assembling Your Custom Gears
The assembly of your custom gears is where the magic happens. Ensure that each gear meshes smoothly with its counterparts. Check for any tight spots or misalignments that may affect performance. Lubricate the gears appropriately, taking into consideration the chosen filament material. Proper assembly is key to unlocking the full potential of your 3D printed gears.
C. Maintaining the Performance and Longevity of Your Gears
To ensure the long-term performance of your custom gears, periodic maintenance is essential. Regularly inspect gears for wear and tear, replacing them as needed. Lubricate moving parts to reduce friction and extend the life of the gears. Keep an eye on environmental factors that may impact the material properties over time. With proper care, your 3D printed gears will continue to operate at peak efficiency.
Stay tuned for the concluding segments of our guide, where we explore real-world applications of 3D printed gears, showcase inspiring projects, and provide insights from experts in the field. Mastering the art of 3D printing gears is a journey that culminates in the creation of functional, customized components that can drive innovation in various industries.
VII. Troubleshooting Common Issues with 3D Printing Gears
A. Common Problems and Their Solutions
Even the most experienced 3D printing enthusiasts encounter challenges. In this segment, we’ll explore common issues with 3D printing gears and effective solutions. From layer adhesion problems to misaligned gear teeth, understanding the root causes and implementing targeted solutions is crucial for achieving consistent quality in your prints.
B. Tips for Improving the Quality of Your Printed Gears
Fine-tuning your 3D printing process can significantly enhance the quality of your printed gears. Explore tips for optimizing layer adhesion, reducing stringing, and achieving smoother surfaces. Additionally, delve into techniques for refining gear details and mitigating issues related to overhangs and supports. Elevating the quality of your prints requires a combination of precise settings, thoughtful design, and meticulous post-processing.
C. Best Practices for Maintaining Your 3D Printer and Gears
The longevity of your 3D printer and gears depends on proper maintenance. Establish a routine for cleaning and lubricating moving parts, inspecting nozzles for clogs, and ensuring the printer’s firmware is up to date. Regularly check and tighten bolts, belts, and other components that may loosen over time. By incorporating best practices for maintenance, you can prolong the life of your equipment and enjoy consistent, high-quality prints.
VIII. Case Studies and Examples
A. Success Stories of Custom 3D Printed Gears
Explore real-world success stories where the mastery of 3D printing gears has led to groundbreaking achievements. From creating gears for robotics to aerospace applications, these success stories showcase the diverse range of possibilities that open up when you harness the full potential of custom 3D printed gears.
B. Innovative Approaches to Gear Design and Printing
Dive into innovative approaches that have redefined gear design and printing. Discover how cutting-edge technologies such as generative design and artificial intelligence are being employed to create gears with unprecedented efficiency and performance. These examples highlight the intersection of technology and creativity, pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved in the realm of 3D printed gears.
C. Real-world Applications of 3D Printed Gears
Delve into the practical applications of 3D printed gears across various industries. From automotive to healthcare, witness how custom gears are solving specific challenges and driving innovation. Real-world examples provide valuable insights into the versatility and adaptability of 3D printed gears, demonstrating their impact on the evolution of traditional manufacturing processes.
As we conclude our comprehensive guide, we hope you’ve gained the knowledge and confidence to embark on your journey of mastering the art of 3D printing gears. From the fundamentals of gear design to troubleshooting common issues and exploring real-world applications, this guide has equipped you with the expertise needed to push the boundaries of what’s possible in the world of additive manufacturing.
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For good reason, Florida law bans texting while driving for all drivers. We now know that distracted driving — and particularly texting while driving — can be as dangerous as driving while drunk.
Still, just as it took years of driver education and law enforcement to lower the annual number of drunk driving deaths, it is going to take major efforts to get people to put down their cell phones and pay attention to the road and their surroundings. In fact, data released earlier this year by the National Safety Council suggests that, despite increased education and enforcement, texting while driving is actually on the rise.
According to the National Safety Council, 1,535,490 auto accidents in 2013 — 27 percent of the reported total — were due to cell phone use. Why?
Clearly, drivers need to be made aware of the risk of using handheld devices while behind the wheel. Some say, though, that a core problem is the fact that there are more cell phones out there than ever before, and consequently motorists are more distracted than ever before.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that nine people are killed in the U.S. each day by distracted driving, and hundreds more are injured.
Given the reality of the situation, the National Safety Council is calling on employers and technological gadget makers like Apple to raise awareness around the dangers of distracted driving.
A more obvious but perhaps unlikely solution is that all drivers establish a personal rule to never use a handheld device while operating a motor vehicle. Until that kind of personal accountability is the norm, however, we can expect distracted driving to continue causing accidents that change victims’ lives forever.
For more on what to do after an injurious crash, please see VanNess & VanNess’ car accident overview.
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Free download of ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus as per ISC guidelines. To register online ISC tuitions on Vedantu.com to clear your doubts and download the complete Syllabus for Class 12 Biology to prepare for Board Examinations.
ISC Class 12 Biology Semester Wise Syllabus 2021-22
ISC Class 12 Biology Semester (1 & 2) Syllabus 2021-22
Name of the Unit
Name of the Sub-Unit
Name of the Unit
Name of the Sub-Unit
Reproduction (Complete Unit)
Biology and Human Welfare
i. Human Health and Diseases
ii. Strategies for enhancement in Food Production
Genetics and Evolution (Complete Unit)
Biotechnology and its Applications (Complete Unit)
Biology and Human Welfare
(iii) Microbes in Human Welfare
Ecology and Environment (Complete Unit)
Biology is a very crucial subject in order to excel in the Class 12 board examinations. Students need to have a thorough understanding of the syllabus and the most important topics to cover for the examination. The complete syllabus for the session 2021-22 is covered below:
Unit 1. Reproduction
(i) Reproduction in Organisms
Definition of reproduction, Modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual; Life span, the Life span of a few organisms ( banana, rise, rose, banyan, butterfly, fruit fly, tortoise, crocodile, parrot, elephant, dog, horse, and cow); Vegetative propagation; Events in sexual reproduction - pre fertilization; chromosome number; fertilization (definition, types - external and internal); post-fertilization; definition and example of parthenogenesis; differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.
(ii) Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination (types, agencies, examples); pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post and pre-fertilization events; the significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation; structure of microsporangium.
iii) Human Reproduction
Organs of the male and female reproductive system and their functions; internal structure of testis and ovary; gametogenesis- spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle - different phases and hormone action; fertilization, implantation, embryonic development up to blastocyst formation; pregnancy and placenta formation; parturition; lactation – hormonal control and importance.
iv) Reproductive Health
Definition and need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control; amniocentesis; causes of infertility and assisted reproductive technologies (VF, IUT, ZIFT, ICSI, GIFT, AI, IUI);the population explosion; contraceptives methods; definition of medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Chromosomal theory of inheritance; chromosomal disorders.
Unit 2. Genetics and Evolution
Principles of inheritance and variation; Molecular basis of Inheritance; Evolution (origin of life, biological evolution, Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution, mechanism of evolution, Hardy - Weinberg's principle, adaptive radiation, human evolution).
Unit 3. Biology and Human Welfare
Human health and diseases (Pathogens, parasites, and their control; concepts of immunology); Strategies for enhancement in food production (green revolution, plant breeding, tissue culture, single-cell protein, biofortification, apiculture, and animal husbandry).
Unit 4. Biotechnology and its Applications
Biotechnology - principles and processes; DNA; nomenclature; applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture.
Unit 5. Ecology and Environment
Organisms and Populations; definition of ecology and ecological adaptations; populations attributes; populations density; Energy flow - types of food chains; nutrient cycle; biodiversity and its conservation; environmental issues.
FAQs on ISC Biology Class 12 Syllabus For Semester (1 & 2) 2021-22
1. Where can I download the ISC syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2021-22?
You can easily download the entire syllabus from the download link mentioned in the article above. Vedantu provides the latest verified syllabus as released by the Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE). Vedantu is your prominent online learning platform with high-quality, trustworthy study materials that help you bring out the best in examinations.
2. Where can I find ISC solutions for class 12 Biology?
Biology can sometimes get tough and students require solutions in order to refer to a given doubt or understand a problem. The solutions aid students to form a good base with the fundamentals of the subject. ISC textbooks are the best books for exam preparation. The solutions by Vedantu are designed keeping in mind the language and simplicity of explanations that are given in the ISC textbooks.
3. Does Vedantu provide ISC sample papers?
Yes, ISC Sample Papers for Class 12 can be downloaded for free from here. You can access ISC Sample Paper for Class 12 Biology from here. These sample papers help you in scoring good marks in your final examinations. The sample papers hold great value to prepare you for the ISC Board exam. They are written in clear and easy-to-understand language to facilitate better understanding for students.
4. What are all topics to cover in Unit 5 - Environment Issues of ISC Class Biology?
Definition of pollution and pollutants, air pollution and its control, noise pollution: harmful effects and control, agrochemicals, solid waste management, radioactive waste management, climate change, and the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, deforestation, e-waste, waste management, the impact of global warming, ozone hole, case studies: Chipko Movement, Joint Forest Management, the contribution of Ahmed Khan of Bangalore.
5. How to score well in the ISC Biology board examination?
Follow your textbook along with the reliable study material at Vedantu that covers all the topics from your syllabus. To score good marks in Biology, you need to have a crystal clear understanding of the topics and also memorize the same. Revision notes are extremely effective to remember the concepts. In the examination, write your answers in bullet points and give pictorial/graphical illustrations (diagrams, tables, charts, etc). Last but not the least, have confidence in yourself. All the very best!
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Measuring wheel offset is one of the most important aspects of selecting the right wheels for your vehicle. This measurement plays a significant role in determining how your car will handle, how your wheels and tires will fit, and ultimately, how your vehicle will look. In this blog, we'll outline everything you need to know about measuring wheel offset, so you can choose the perfect Velgen Wheels for your ride.
Understanding Wheel Offset
Wheel offset is the distance between the hub mounting surface and the wheel's centerline. It is usually measured in millimeters and given as a positive, negative, or zero value.
Negative offset means the hub mounting surface is closer to the inside of the wheel, while positive offset means it is closer to the outside. A zero offset means the hub mounting surface is precisely in the wheel's centerline.
Measuring Wheel Offset
To measure wheel offset, you need to find the hub mounting surface, which is the flat area on the back of the wheel that contacts the hub. This mounting surface can be measured by placing a straight edge across the wheel and measuring from the mounting surface to the wheel's centerline. Once you have the distance between the hub mounting surface and the centerline of the wheel, you can determine the wheel's offset.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Wheel Offset
When selecting wheels for your car, you need to consider several factors. The primary concern should be getting the right wheel offset so your wheels fit properly on your car.
If your wheels have too much positive offset, they will stick out too far from your car, creating clearance issues that can lead to rubbing and even damage your vehicle. If your wheels have too much negative offset, they will be tucked too far into the wheel well, leaving them looking too tucked under from the fender.
Additionally, the offset you choose plays a role in how your vehicle handles. A lower offset will bring the wheel farther away from the suspension, reducing the scrub radius and improving handling on the track. On the other hand, a higher offset will bring the wheel closer to the suspension and increase the scrub radius, providing better comfort and response on normal roads.
What About Backspacing?
Wheel backspacing is another important measurement that refers to the distance between the wheel's mounting surface and the wheel's back edge. In other words, it is the measurement from the back edge of the wheel to the mounting surface where the wheel mounts to the hub. Wheel backspacing is typically measured in inches or millimeters.
How Velgen Wheels Can Help
We at Velgen Wheels understand how intimidating it can be to calculated wheel offset and determine what is going to be the best fit for your car. Our professional wheel experts are here to help you find the perfect look for your vehicle. To contact a Velgen Wheels associate to discuss wheel offset or the perfect wheel for your car, call or fill out our contact us form.
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Mechanised bottom trawling inflicts severe environmental damage and destroys critical coral reefs and marine habitats. In 2015, Verité prepared the draft legislation for parliament that proposed to prohibit the practice in Sri Lanka. Subsequently Verité helped spread awareness on the need to have a complete ban on the practice, urging the then government to pass the legislation. In July 2017, Sri Lanka became the first country in Asia to completely ban the practice. Using press articles and social media, Verité continues to spread awareness on the need to enforce the ban to protect Sri Lanka’s fishing industry and marine environment.
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An alternative tour around Pompeii
Pompeii is a jewel of archaeology heritage, a casket of the past, where its ruins tell a lot about the Ancient Romans. In addition to the ancient ruins, Pompeii is rich in cultivable fields from where some of the best fruit and vegetable products of Campania come from.
Vesuvius was for centuries considered a peaceful mountain before showing the brute eruptive power of the active volcano. Writers and poets described it as covered with vegetable gardens and vines. People venerated the mountain for its fertile land, which its volcanic origin made it particularly suitable for food crops.
Among the crop, grapes widely predominated. It was introduced by the Greeks and developed by the Romans then.
Pompeii's History through its typical dishes
In Pompeii, there is history also in its food and typical dishes. Many dishes from ancient Pompeii's cuisine have originated today's Italian recipes. Indeed, before the 79 AC eruption, Pompeii has been the first city to launch the modern concept of the restaurant.
Here opened the first Thermopylae. They were the first kind of pubs or taverns that used to offer refreshments to customers. The best example founded is the Thermopolium of Vetutius Placidus, today restored and open to the public.
Among the food used by the people of ancient Pompeii, there is the bread, of which the archaeologists founded some buried loaves. Usually, they ate it with vegetables in particular, according to the ruins, cauliflower. The fruit was essential: often served as a starter or with the dessert.
On the Lattari Mountains, they used to cultivate, directly by the ground, olives. They preserved them in salt and vinegar for extracting fragrant oil.
Pompeii's wine-growing culture
Greeks introduced the culture of wine production. They often used as a cultivation method the overripe (late vintage). In this way, the wine had a sweet and very alcoholic taste.
Indeed, they rarely drunk pure wine, but they usually diluted it with honey and served it during the symposiums. So, considering the too sweet flavour, the Greeks decided to salt the wine and, for the first time, introduced the vinification method into clay containers, useful during the liquid transports.
Under the Roman Empire, the Campania wines became the most important and appreciated in the world; the Vesuvius wines were exported in every Mediterranean city. The ancient Villae Rusticae of Pompeii were spaces used for wine and oil production (for example, Villa Regina in Boscoreale).
After the terrible eruption in 79 AC and the many following others, inevitably, the area unpopulated. Wine culture returned in the Middle Age thanks to the construction of the first churches and monasteries on the slopes of Vesuvius: the monks, helped by the peasants of the area, restarted to produce wine and were the first to vinify the famous Lacryma Christi.
The products of Pompeii and Vesuvius fields
In these volcanic fields grow some of the best products that distinguish the Neapolitan cuisine. Vesuvius area is an extraordinary mine of high quality and typical agricultural products.
First of all, is the Vesuvius DOP Piennolo cherry tomato. It is a little tomato in the shape of a lightbulb: oval with a slightly pointed apex. Its name Piennolo means "grape" in Neapolitan because it grows in this way into the Vesuvius National Park. Thanks to the quality of the terrain (near the sea), this cherry tomato is rich in mineral salts. It is an ingredient for many traditional dishes, both meat and fish, pasta and pizza. You can taste it also fresh on the bread with oil and salt.
Typical of the Vesuvius lands are the Vesuvius apricots. Their production gave rice in the 4th century. In 1583, the Neapolitan scientist Giovan Battista Della Porta distinguished them into two groups: Bericocche (round-shaped and white and soft pulp that adheres to the core) and Chisomele (the pulp doesn't adhere to the core and the fruit, bright colour, sweet taste and high quality). Anyway, most of the Neapolitans don't make the distinction and call both Crisommole. They mature from the end of May to the end of July. The many varieties distinguish each other for dimension, the intensity of the aroma, smoothness of the skin and flavour.
In Pompeii's land is also cultivated the Pompeii white onion. It is small-medium sized onion, flattened shape at the poles, white pulp and outer sheaths with light green shades. The harvest is in Spring, from March to June, and you can buy it in bunches. You can eat it fresh for deeply tasting its intense flavour. Otherwise, you can use it for preparing preserves.
The Vines of Pompeii
Into the burning heart of Vesuvius is kept the secret of its wines. Indeed, the volcanic terrains are among the best for the crop of the vine and high-quality wine production.
Among its native grapes, there are many varieties. Black grapes:
- Aglianico: it is the prince of the black grape in South Italy, the last one to grow on the slopes of Vesuvius (between the second half and the end of October). It has an intense ruby colour with garnet-orange reflections after its ageing. Its aromas remember its vineyard, with the flavour of ripe plum, violet, tobacco, spices and black pepper. It goes well with complex pasta dishes, semi-seasoned cheese, bush and red meat dishes. The perfect match is with the Sant'Anastasia kid.
- Piedirosso: Second only to Aglianico, locally it is called Palummina o per’ e Palummo (Pigeon foot). It has an intense ruby colour. It has a medium intensity fruity aroma, with frequent mineral cues typical of volcanic terrain, rich in silt, phosphorus and potassium. It goes well with seafood and vegetarian cuisine, pasta and all other dishes with tomato (perfect with ragù).
- Olivella: locally called Ulivella or Livella, because it remembers olive both in the shape and green colour. It is one of the oldest vines in Campania: it survived the devastation of phylloxera, has good resistance to adverse climatic conditions, sprouts quickly and matures in the second half of October. It has low-alcohol counterparts. It has an intense ruby colour with a purple edge, sometimes with red fermentation. Its scent of wine, fruity hints of black plum, cherry and blackberry.
Among the white grapes, there is Falanghina. It is the vine most widespread in the area of Naples. On Vesuvius, it is mainly used for Lacryma Christi, particularly for the spumante type, because of its acidity. This variety has many analogies with the Neapolitan Falanghina in Campi Flegrei, like its round grape, but it is different for the greater compactness of its bunches.
Tasting Tour Pompeii in Bosco de’ Medici Winery
On the slopes of Vesuvius, not far from the Archaeological Site, Bosco de' Medici Winery offers a tour where you will discover the flavour and the history of this area.
They have a legacy of previous generations that has its roots in the early years of the '900 for the passion of grandfather Raffaele, pushed the nephews, Emiddia, Sonia, Lella and Giuseppe. From the first wine-making experiments in the wine cellar of an eighteenth-century farmhouse (property of the family) to the construction of Hotel Diana (in the centre of Pompeii) and the Horse School, the Bosco de’ Medici estate came to life.
In 1996 the Agricultural Company was founded. In 2014, they found the Winery and start the wine production of Bosco de 'Medici. Today the Winery is the flagship of the Company, a place inspired by the passion for viticulture and wine, a place that, as grandfather Raffaele wished, recalls the noble “art” of Roman Otium. This is a place designed as a multifunctional “container” of activities ranging from production to reception.
The Palomba family lets you experience the culinary art of the territory, is proud to offer the products from their organic garden and lands owned on Vesuvius, expertly crafted by the chef Gioacchino Nocera. Some dishes follow old recipes, handed down by great grandmother Colomba to Grandma Emiddia and then to her grandchildren.
During their Tasting Tour Pompeii, you will:
- Taste their wines: their excellent sommeliers will guide you in the tasting of the company's wines. You will discover the proper Vesuvian wine!
- Tour of vineyards: An experimental tour, during which the knowledgeable guides will show you the results of the biodynamic project.
- Visit the 18th-century farmhouse and archaeological site: You will be able to visit an eighteenth-century farmhouse and cross the small necropolis of Porta Sarno dated II century BC - 1st century AD.
- Visit Cellar and Amphoraia: You will discover the rooms where our wines take shape and the project of wine in amphora.
An experience with deep historical and family roots, that if you love Italian food, visit Pompeii could be the right moment to come.
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More and more businesses are requiring face masks for both staff and customers, including Walmart, Lowes, and The Home Depot just to name a few. Furthermore, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended last month that anyone, symptomatic or not, unable to maintain social distancing, whether inside or out, should wear face masks.
However, in spite of these requirements and recommendations, there’s still a lot of ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of face masks against the transmission and spreading of SARS-COV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. While there haven’t been a lot of peer-reviewed studies focused specifically on the spread of SARS-COV-2 when using face covering protection, there have been a few.
Those research projects coupled with ones studying the effects of face masks on seasonal coronaviruses, the cause of many common cold infections, have found some interesting results that you should be aware of.
While the evidence for the efficacy of surgical and homemade face masks is limited, a large number of experts agree that masks may help keep infected people from unknowingly passing along COVID-19. However, when it comes to protecting yourself and those around you against the novel coronavirus, masks are just one part of the necessary precautions.
A clinical professor in epidemiology at the Colorado School of Public Health, May Chu, has stated that, “Putting a face mask on does not mean that you stop the other practices. It does not mean you get closer to people, it does not mean you don’t have to wash your hands as often and you can touch your face. All of that still is in place, this is just an add-on.”
The Basics of Face Masks
With several types of face masks and coverings available, it’s easy to get confused about what you should use. The N95 face mask effectively prevents the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but they are in such short supply and needed for medical professionals that the CDC does not recommend them for general use. The same goes for surgical masks, which aren’t as effective as N95 masks anyway as they don’t seal against the face and about 70% of outside air moves through the mask with about 30% traveling around the sides.
For these reasons, the CDC currently recommends that the general public utilizes fabric face masks when indoors or unable to social distance. While they may not completely protect you from contracting the virus, the barrier might be enough to contain a good portion of expelled droplets whenever you cough or sneeze, therefore helping to protect those around you in the event that you are indeed infected with COVID-19.
With that in mind, other studies have been conducted that looked to address whether fabric face masks actually do help contain the virus.
A study published in an April publication of the Annals of Internal Medicine concluded that fabric masks actually did not help prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus. South Korean researchers had four COVID-19 positive patients cough into a petri dish 7.8 inches away while wearing a disposable surgical mask, wearing a 100% cotton mask, and wearing no mask at all. Their findings indicated that neither face mask decreased the viral loading in any meaningful way. However, other experts were quick to point out that the South Korean researchers had not tested distances farther than 7.8 inches to determine how far the virus traveled under those same conditions.
That same month, a study published in Nature Medicine had 426 volunteers breathe into a cone-like device for 30-minutes in order to capture everything they exhaled. The 426 participants were randomized as to whether they wore a surgical mask or not and 17 were determined to have seasonal coronaviruses (not the kind that causes COVID-19, the kinds that cause colds,) 54 had rhinoviruses, and 43 had influenza.
The first significant find was that in all cases (coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza) researches did detect virus in tiny aerosol particles. The captured influenza particles were then cultured and were determined to be infectious. The study’s author, Ben Cowling who is the head of the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at The Hong Kong University, stated that this finding was significant because it indicates that influenza can spread via aerosols, which health professionals have long debated over. This means that it’s likely that colds can be transmitted this way as well. While they did not perform cultures on the seasonal coronavirus or rhinovirus, Cowling stated that there is no reason to believe that they wouldn’t be infectious as well.
Additionally, those participants with influenza that wore surgical masks showed reduced amounts of the virus released in the form of droplets but not aerosols. The face masks did not appear to reduce the amount of rhinovirus in either droplets and aerosols, but when it came to coronavirus, masks reduced the amounts of the virus released in both.
In fact, for the participants not wearing masks, researchers found the coronavirus in droplets in 3 out of 10 samples and in aerosols in 4 out of 10. As for the participants that tested positive for seasonal coronavirus and wore masks for the test, no virus was detected in either droplets or aerosols.
Face Masks and COVID-19
While there are some experts that question the study’s validity because the sample size for seasonal coronavirus was small, the study’s author states that their findings suggest that surgical masks can help keep COVID-19 positive people from spreading the virus. However, one thing that they all do agree on is that homemade fabric masks are the least effective but any kind of impediment is better than nothing.
So, in conjunction with practicing social distancing, prominent hand washing, and refraining from excessive face touching, it appears that face masks, especially surgical masks, do help reduce the transmission viability of COVID-19. Just remember that no matter whether you’re wearing a surgical face mask or homemade fabric mask, you should remain at least 6 feet apart from other people outside your household.
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This week, the WTO authorized Mexico to impose an annual $163 million in trade sanctions against the U.S. for the dolphin-saving U.S. labeling program for tuna. The WTO ruled against the program in November 2015, calling it a “technical barrier to trade.” If their ruling this summer once again decides against the U.S., the U.S. could face sanctions until the dolphin-saving label is altered or eliminated.
Background: Tunas and dolphins can commonly be found together in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Taking advantage of this, fishing companies have set upon dolphins to catch tuna, often killing and injuring dolphins in the process. In 1990 the United States enacted a ban on imports of tuna caught with dolphin-unsafe practices and created a label for “dolphin-safe” tuna. The “dolphin-safe” label contributed to a 97% reduction in dolphin deaths in Pacific waters where dolphin and tuna cohabitate.
Nonetheless, the program was gutted after the U.S. lost a Mexican trade challenge against the import ban. Since then, the dolphin-safe label has been a voluntary, not required, label. The WTO has ruled against this voluntary label in 2011, 2012, and 2015, deciding the label violates WTO rules despite the fact that it protects wildlife, is voluntary and applies equally to domestic and foreign firms.
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If you think you have this problem, it’s important to find out. These allergies can be dangerous. Here are tips that can help you find out if you’re allergic.
See a Doctor
It's better to see an allergist than to try to diagnose a food allergy yourself. Why?
You’ll miss out. If you think you're allergic to a certain food, you’ll take it off the menu. But if you skip something you don’t have to -- like nuts -- you’ll deprive yourself of important nutrients.
You could be wrong. The doctor can figure out if you have a food intolerance -- meaning you can’t digest certain things -- or if you’re really allergic. That difference is important. Intolerances can be uncomfortable and hard to live with. But allergies can be life-threatening. Your doctor can offer advice on how to feel better. It may take more than one test to get a diagnosis.
You could have a worse reaction next time. Mild itching or tingling in your mouth could evolve into more serious problems. Your doctor can prescribe medications to treat symptoms. This may include an epinephrine injector, which can stop a life-threatening reaction. Always carry two shots with you if your doctor prescribes them. Don’t wait to use the device, even if your symptoms don’t seem to be allergy-related. Using it as a precaution won’t hurt you.
Your doctor will ask you questions like:
- What foods did you eat before you had symptoms?
- What symptoms did you have?
- How soon did they come on and in what order?
- How long did they last?
- Have you had a reaction like this before?
- Does anyone in your family have allergies?
The doctor may also do a skin test to see if your body reacts to a tiny amount of the suspected allergen or allergy trigger.
Keep a Food Diary
This simple task can help you help your doctor figure out what’s going on. For 1 or 2 weeks, write down in a notebook:
- Everything you eat
- Any symptoms you have
- How long the symptoms happen after you eat certain foods
Try an Elimination Diet
Let's say you had a reaction after eating prawns or shrimp with peanut sauce. You think the shellfish or peanuts caused it, but you don't know which. An "exclusion" or "elimination diet" can help pinpoint the problem food.
It’s important to do this under doctor supervision, because a food allergy can be dangerous and even fatal.
With help from your doctor or a dietitian:
- Don't eat the foods you think you’re allergic to for 2 to 4 weeks. If you don't have any more symptoms, you probably are allergic to one of those foods.
- Gradually add a single food back into your diet. If your symptoms come back, you’ve found the culprit. If they don't, the item is OK for you to eat, and you can try another single food.
To eliminate a food from your diet:
- Read labels to make sure it isn't in packaged foods you buy or eat.
- Know restaurant items that are likely to contain your problem food. If the kitchen can't prepare the dish without it, don't order it.
- Make sure that utensils, cooking surfaces, and oils used to prepare your meal aren't also used to make the food you need to avoid.
- Keep an epinephrine injector on you at all times.
See a Registered Dietitian
They can help you figure out where your problem food might be lurking. If you're eliminating something nutritious like milk from your diet, they can help you find other ways to get important nutrients.
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Juneteenth, or Black Independence Day, marks the date when enslaved people in Texas received word that President Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation more than two and a half years earlier.
Wharton is united with the University of Pennsylvania’s celebration and acknowledgement of this important, historic date. In June of 2020, Philadelphia Mayor Kenney declared Juneteenth an official Philadelphia holiday; and for the first time, the University of Pennsylvania asked members of the community to take a day off from work to reflect and educate themselves about our nation’s history of systemic racism, and think about what we can individually and collectively do to take action and create a more equitable future.
To facilitate your own reflection and conversations, we’ve compiled a list of books, articles, podcasts, movies, and videos recommended by Wharton and Penn students and faculty, as well as ways you can support local organizations and local Black-owned businesses.
Articles and Guides
- Wharton Dean Erika James sat down with Ibram X. Kendi — activist, author, historian, scholar, professor, and director of the Antiracist Research and Policy Center at Boston University — for a lecture with the Penn community on Juneteenth 2021. Take a look at Kendi’s anti-racist reading list in The New York Times and his piece for The Atlantic about who gets to be afraid in America.
- Wharton Management Prof. Stephanie Creary’s podcast and article series, Leading Diversity at Work, features in-depth interviews with leading experts and scholars on how everyone (employees and corporations alike) can actively champion DEI, or diversity, equity, and inclusion.
- The African American MBA Association (AMBAA), the Caribbean Business Club (CariBiz), and the Wharton Africa Student Association (WASA) put together an anti-racism guide, as well as a national donation and resource list.
- A’Lelia Bundles wrote an article for Al Jazeera, “Know your History: Understanding Racism in the U.S.”
- Wharton Prof. Adam Grant penned a LinkedIn post, “Why White People Stay Silent on Racism, and What to Read First,” with book recommendations about how racism pervades America.
- Watch the three-part Beyond Business lecture series on Race & Business. Dean Erika James and Wharton faculty joined industry leaders to discuss timely issues, from C-suite diversity and corporate philanthropy to the role of Black culture in marketing and the impact of systemic racism on Black entrepreneurs, providing their insights on how businesses and organizations can effect change.
- Penn Today spoke to political scientist Daniel Gillion about how protests can bring about change.
- “Your Black Colleagues May Look Like They’re Okay — Chances Are They’re Not” written by Danielle Cadet for Refinery29 explores the impact of Black trauma following George Floyd’s death.
- Penn Prof. Mary Frances Berry shared her perspective on the 2020 protests in response to the death of George Floyd in Penn Today.
Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-first Century by Penn Law Prof. Dorothy Roberts examines how the myth of biological concept of race continues to undermine a just society and promote inequality.
We recommend works of Penn English Department Senior Lecturer Lorene Carey including her best-selling coming-of-age memoir Black Ice, as well as her initiative Safe Kids Stories, which aims to notice, study, and celebrate safety for children of all backgrounds
In Thicker Than Blood: How Racial Statistics Lie, Prof. Tukufu Zuberi offers a concise account of the historical connections between the development of the idea of race and the birth of social statistics. Zuberi describes how race-differentiated data are misinterpreted in the social sciences and asks searching questions about the ways racial statistics are used.
Using in-depth survey data and information from focus groups with members of L.A.’s largest racial and ethnic groups, Won’t You Be My Neighbor? Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles by Penn Prof. Camille Zubrinsky Charles explores why Los Angeles remains a segregated city.
The Joanna Banks Collection of African American literature was donated to the Penn Libraries, including more than 10,000 published works. Watch a video of Banks talking about her collection.
Hashtag Activism by Profs. Sarah J. Jackson, Moya Bailey, and Brooke Foucault Welles explores how and why Twitter has become an important platform for historically disenfranchised populations, including Black Americans, women, and transgender people. They show how marginalized groups, long excluded from elite media spaces, have used Twitter hashtags to advance counternarratives, preempt political spin, and build diverse networks of dissent.
Sport Matters: Leadership, Power, and the Quest for Respect in Sports by Wharton Prof. Kenneth L. Shropshire examines the need for diversity, inclusion, respect, and equality in sports. Another good read is The Miseducation of the Student Athlete: How to Fix College Sports by Wharton Prof. Kenneth L. Shropshire and Collin D. Williams, Jr. Both books are published by Wharton School Press.
White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard For White People To Talk About Racism by multicultural education scholar Robin DiAngelo, PhD, explicates the dynamics of White Fragility and how we might build our capacity in the on-going work towards racial justice.
New York Times best-selling book and GMA’s June Book Club Pick, The Vanishing Half by Brit Bennett is a story about identical twin sisters. One sister lives as a Black woman and the other sister chooses to pass as white. The Vanishing Half is an exploration of the American history of passing.
Women, Race and Class by Angela Davis is a powerful study of the women’s liberation movement in the US, demonstrating how it has always been hampered by the racist and classist biases of our leaders.
The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison is about a young Black girl who is mocked by other children for her dark skin, curly hair, and brown eyes, and becomes obsessed with wanting blonde hair and blue eyes. The book is a powerful examination of our obsession with beauty and conformity. Be sure to also check out Beloved and Song of Solomon.
Named one of the best books of the year by The New York Times Book Review, How to be an Anti-Racist by Ibram X. Kendi takes readers through a number of antiracist ideas from the most basic concepts to visionary possibilities.
Biased by social psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt explores how we talk about bias, how we address racial disparities inequities, and what role our institutions play in creating, maintaining, and magnifying those inequities.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander has been cited in judicial decisions and widely-adopted in college campuses since its publication 10 years ago. This book has been the winner of numerous prizes, including the prestigious NAACP Image Award.
If Beale Street Could Talk, Fruitvale Station, Becoming: Michelle Obama, Moonlight, Do the Right Thing, Selma, Hidden Figures, Paris is Burning, The Last Black Man in San Francisco, Black Panther, Just Mercy, BlacKkKlansman, Get Out, Harriet, When they See Us, and other films and miniseries are available on streaming platforms. Many of them are available to watch for free.
Find your local Juneteenth Celebration and participate in virtual or in-person, socially distant events: http://juneteenthphilly.org. Other groups holding events include the Pennsylvania Juneteenth Initiative, The Johnson House, a historic site known as a pivotal station along the Underground Railroad, Philadelphia’s African American Museum, and The National Museum of African American of History and Culture.
The Griot Initiative by StoryCorps documents the life stories of African Americans and the varied voices of people with roots in the African Diaspora living in the United States.
This New York Times audio series, hosted by Nikole Hannah-Jones, examines the long shadow of American slavery.
Hosted by journalists of color, this NPR podcast tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports, and everything in between.
In this special edition episode of their New York Times podcast, hosts Jenna Wortham and Wesley Morris unpack the reckonings of the past few weeks and offer resources for self-care and healing.
A music podcast that examines a single album per season, one song per episode with seasons focusing on the works of Kendrick Lamar, Beyoncé, Tyler, The Creator, Lauryn Hill, and more.
The National Museum of African American of History & Culture is hosting Meditation Mondays to explore the museum’s themes with free 40-minute mindfulness meditation practices.
Jacquelyn Ogorchukwu (May 30, 2020, Medium)
Miriam Zoila Pérez (July 7, 2016, Colorlines)
Carmen Leah Ascencio (July 2, 2015, BGD)
Wharton Business Daily spoke to Charles Payne, host of Making Money with Charles Payne on Fox Business Network, and CEO and Principal Financial Analyst of Wall Street Strategies, about the impact inequality has on the American dream, the importance of supporting Black-owned businesses, and corporate authenticity as it relates to Black Lives Matter.
Support local, Black-owned businesses in Philadelphia by reading this guide on https://blackownedphillyrestaurants.com/ or this article in Philadelphia Magazine. You can also seek out Black-owned businesses to support in your community.
Speak Up Penn is a website created by rising Penn/Wharton seniors Mitchell Cornell, Shabaig Chatha, Kyle Whiting, and Zulfiqar Soomro, in collaboration with the undergraduate group UMOJA. The page includes a list of Philadelphia-based, Black-run organizations you can volunteer with and donate to, as well as student groups who are matching contributions.
We hope you’ll join us in working to bring about a more inclusive university, community, and society in which we all can aspire to live, learn, and work. If you have suggestions for more resources to add to this list please contact us at [email protected].
Updated June 9, 2023
Posted: June 19, 2020
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Lesotho (previously known as Basutoland) is a country in the southern region of the African continent. With a size of about 11,583 square miles and a population of about two million people, the country has a diverse culture and history. The name of the country means land where people speak Sesotho. The culture and traditions of the country in things like daily life, sports, clothing, and other things are quite unique. Here are some of the most important aspects of the culture of Lesotho.
Like any other country in the world, the nation has been influenced by both modern and traditional ways of life. Despite the challenges facing traditional authority, such as political developments, the system still exists whereby the topmost position is the king while a chief is at the village level. Presently, the King of Lesotho is Letsie III who has been in power since his coronation on October 31, 1997. At the village levels, the chief’s authority mostly revolves around the distribution of land although the 1979 Land Act is also used.
This system of cultural life is responsible for the stark contradiction in the nation’s economic development. Most of the other African countries obtained their independence and went ahead to make massive leaps in their economies. However, the traditional system of Lesotho, which is largely inefficient, has seen to it that the country lags behind in development. The cultural system also explains why many Sotho want to establish themselves in rural areas despite increasing urbanization.
Way of Life
Life in Lesotho is a mixture of western and local Sotho culture. For example, in Maseru, which is the capital city, several shops and markets peddle local goods as well as modern hotels and structures with western designs. The city also has something known as urban villages, which are structures established for the benefit of tourists who wish to explore the way of life before modernity.
In the villages, life revolves around things like the chief’s court, the farming fields, the school, the initiation lodge, and other similar places.
The religion of the country is also a blend of traditional beliefs and modern ones such as Christianity and Islam. Christianity is the dominant religion with a following of about 80% of the nation’s population while Islam has a minor following. For this reason, the country observes Christian holidays like Easter and Christmas. Christianity is divided into three main churches namely the Anglican, Catholic, and the Dutch Reformed Church. Catholicism is the dominant denomination with about 75% of the primary and secondary education institutions under their ownership. Even while embracing modern religious beliefs, church services still feature traditional activities such as chanting and wearing cultural attire.
Artistic works created by artists from Lesotho are usually prized collections by art collectors. For this reason, there are several artists in the nation whose works are integral to the economy of the country. Many artists utilize themes left behind by the ancient San people. Some of the more popular artists today include Mathabo Nthako and Tsepiso Lesenyeho. The former is a woman who uses traditional themes to create pottery while the latter is a painter whose work often features depictions of scenes from the villages. Craftwork is mostly popular in villages and includes things like pottery and grass weaving.
In addition to the above, the nation also plenty of oral literature, which exists in different forms such as folk songs, myths, legends, proverbs, and other ways. This form of art is crucial as it helps the nation to remember the struggles of the past that led to the attainment of independence. Some of the more popular artists in this field include Thomas Mokopu Mofolo and Joshua Polumo Mohapeloa.
Traditional forms of music and dance are also present and include things such as a traditional instrument known as a lesiba. The lesiba, which is a common instrument among herders, is a stringed wind instrument consisting of a feather and a string for the musician to blow. Traditional dances include the “gum boot dance,” which is a form of dance that shows how migrant labor has affected the culture. Another dance is the mohobelo dance, which involves men stomping their feet and kicking synchronously.
The communication system has been vastly improved by the availability of fast and modern technologies in the media industry. The government owns and operates a TV as well as a radio station, which provide programs and entertainment in both Sotho and English. As is the case with most countries, there are several privately owned TV and radio stations. In addition, there are stations from other countries whose signals broadcast all the way to Lesotho. The publishing industry has several publications such as the popular Leselinyana la Lesotho (translating to “The Little Light of Lesotho”), which is more than a century old. Another old publication in the country is “The Nation” newspaper, which has been around since 1985.
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Attention Ontario drivers - it’s important to understand the rules about who has the right-of-way in all situations. We’ve outlined when you need to yield while driving in Ontario.
In Ontario, “yield the right-of-way” means to allow the other driver to go before you. There are many different situations where you need to know who has the right-of-way and knowing this will help you safely navigate driving. Whether you’re a new driver or more experienced, it’s a good idea to brush up on these rules.
Five Important Right-of-Way Rules in Ontario
Rule #1 | 4-Way Stop
When approaching a 4-way stop, whichever vehicle comes to a complete stop first has the right-of-way. If you both arrive at the same time, the driver to the right has the right-of-way.
Rule #2 | Turning into Oncoming Traffic
When you are making a right or left turn into oncoming traffic, you do not have the right-of-way. You need to yield to the oncoming traffic which includes vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. Be sure to check your blind spots before making your turn.
Rule #3 | Leaving a Driveway
Since you are the one entering into oncoming traffic, you do not have the right-of-way. You must yield to oncoming traffic, cyclists, and pedestrians.
Rule #4 | Roundabouts
Many drivers in Ontario are still not fully aware of how to use a roundabout and they fail to yield properly. The most common mistake and the most important thing to remember is before entering the roundabout you must yield to the oncoming traffic, as they have the right of way.
Rule #5 | Parking Lot
Having to yield in a parking lot can be a bit more confusing and typically people don’t fully grasp the rules. Thoroughfares are the main roads of the parking lot where feeder lanes are the smaller roads that typically connect thoroughfares. Regardless of the type of road, you are on if you are turning into oncoming traffic in a parking lot you must yield. This is also true for when you are leaving a parking space. Pedestrians and other vehicles have the right-of-way.
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The main goal of waste management is to reduce the amount of waste. We therefore propose that the key indicators to be propagated and inscribed into law on the EU level be those based on per capita volumes of non-recycled and non-reused waste posing a burden to the environment.
This way, it would be possible to verify the progress made by high-consumption societies in achieving environmental goals and also to promote countries, where waste production per capita is low, which makes their “initial” negative impact on the environment much smaller.
National law, strategy documents (national and regional waste management plans), and programs (Operational Programme ‘Infrastructure and Environment’ and Regional Operational Programmes) need to be readjusted in order to provide support for the shift toward the Circular Economy entailing, first of all, waste reduction at the source, reuse of products, and separate collection and recycling of raw materials.
Although waste prevention has been given the highest priority, it still is the least developed in terms of management, evaluation, and integration with other waste management steps in the hierarchy. It is necessary to introduce changes to the national and EU laws that would facilitate easier and cheaper repairs, while significantly increasing the longevity of products. Better repairability means more jobs, also in the social business sector, offering employment to people affected by social exclusion.
Likewise, there is a need for legal changes aimed at improving the rates of separate waste collection at source. Separate collection of especially organic waste holds the key to a better quality of raw materials, higher recycling rates, and reduced amounts of residual waste. Furthermore, it translates into a substantial rise in the number of new jobs and helps maintain a less energy-intensive economy. We are against spending public money on the construction of waste incinerators. As demonstrated by the examples of communities carrying out the Zero Waste projects, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste, boost employment and lower the operating cost of the system, all without having to build any incineration plants.
All stakeholders must take part in the creation of the complementary system. The residents ought to be included in the decision-making and system design processes, since the attainment of waste reduction and recycling goals is dependent on them. Local administration should remain open to consultations, take care of streamlining the system in a continuous manner and report on its effects.
Local governments should act as the catalysts for positive change: Encourage, enable, exemplify, engage. Sometimes it is better to make the first move instead of waiting for the national or EU institutions to take action. Bottom-up initiatives are the key to success and are much more effective because of e.g. higher citizen participation or the ability to shorten both the product and waste loops.
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- Tattoos have evolved beyond aesthetics, now serving practical purposes in the medical field.
- Medical tattoos help in identifying patients, indicating medical conditions, and enhancing prosthetics.
- Safety and ethical considerations are paramount when using tattoos for medical purposes.
Once seen only as a form of art or personal expression, tattoos have now breached the walls of the medical field. With needles and ink, professionals are now able to assist in patient identification, signify medical conditions, and even upgrade prosthetics.
While tattoos have been etching stories on human skin for centuries, not many in the medical community are aware of the variety of ways tattoos serve as therapeutic tools and diagnostic methods.
Medical tattooing plays a crucial role, especially in the realm of plastic, aesthetic, and reconstructive surgery. It aids in achieving optimal cosmetic results. Medical case studies address conditions such as baldness, vitiligo, scars resulting from incisions, lacerations or burns, and nipple-areola complex reconstruction. (Vassileva & Hristakieva, 2007)
Medical tattooing has demonstrated high levels of patient satisfaction across different conditions.
Based on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons guidelines, the practice recommendation grade is “B,” suggesting that while the treatment is recommended, clinicians should remain informed about new developments and be mindful of patient preferences. (Becker & Cassisi, Applications of Medical Tattooing: A Systemic Review of Patient Satisfaction Outcomes and Emerging Trends, 2021)
For patients with dementia or other cognitive impairments, a simple tattoo with their name and a contact number could make all the difference in an emergency.
Medical Alert Tattoos
Medical alert tattoos indicate medical conditions such as diabetes, allergies, or being on blood thinners. This ensures that in emergencies, medical professionals are well-informed and can provide appropriate care.
Prosthetics: Blending Art and Function
With tattoos and prosthetics, artists can create custom tattooing on prosthetic limbs that allows individuals to express their identity and embrace their prosthetics as a part of themselves. These personalized tattoos can range from lifelike skin tones and textures to creative designs that reflect the individual's personality and interests.
Post-Operative Tattoos: Restoring Wholeness
In cases of surgeries like mastectomies, tattoos have been employed to recreate the areola, giving the breast a natural appearance. This is not just a cosmetic improvement; it often plays a crucial role in the emotional and psychological recovery of the patient.
Tattoos and Radiology: Precise Targeting
Radiation therapy demands precision. Small tattoos, often just dots, are used to ensure the patient is in the same position for each treatment session. These tattoos help target the radiation beams accurately, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
Micropigmentation: A Touch of Art in Medicine
Medical tattooing, known in clinical terms as micropigmentation or dermatography, has carved its niche in the field of dermatology. By implanting pigments into the skin, it creates a permanent camouflage for various skin conditions.
Seamless Finishing in Surgeries
Medical tattooing is like the final brushstroke in a masterpiece, especially in surgeries. From craniofacial surgeries, plastic and reconstructive operations to cosmetic procedures and breast reconstruction, medical tattooing adds the finishing touches. It’s like the icing on the cake, enhancing the aesthetic results and making surgical outcomes appear more natural.
Aiding Precision in Specialized Medical Fields
Hold on, we’re not done yet. The realms of radiation therapy, endoscopic surgery, and ophthalmology have embraced medical tattooing with open arms. For instance, in radiation therapy, tattoos help in ensuring precision, similar to a sniper in action. In endoscopic surgery, tattooing assists in marking areas internally, acting as the guiding star for surgeons.
Ethical and Safety Considerations
While medical tattoos have their advantages, it’s essential to consider ethical implications, especially in cases of cognitive impairments where informed consent might be ambiguous. Additionally, the procedure should adhere to strict hygiene standards to prevent infections.
Conclusion: Unraveling the Potential of Medical Tattooing
The adaptation of tattoos in the medical realm exemplifies innovation at its best. Whether it's helping emergency responders, empowering individuals with prosthetics, or aiding in the precision of medical treatments - tattoos are proving to be more than just ink on skin.
As we cross borders between art and medicine, medical tattooing reveals itself as an invaluable resource. Its applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and aesthetic enhancement are not just innovative, but revolutionary. Let's keep our eyes on this space, as the ancient art of tattooing continues to leave its indelible mark in the corridors of modern medicine.
If you're a tattoo artist looking to expand into clinical tattooing, look into the certifications and pathways open to you; you could help someone in their emotional recovery.
For more information on our sets, please take a look at our piece on Xtreme Inks: Artist Collections.
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Siarter Iaith Cymraeg - Welsh Language Charter.
The Siarter Iaith is a Welsh Government strategy to target the use of Welsh in schools across Wales. The aim of Siarter Iaith Cymraeg Campus is to promote the use of Welsh in English-medium schools, establishing a Welsh ethos and encouraging pupils and staff to develop their Welsh language skills. The Charter provides a framework for schools to follow in order to achieve the awards. There are three levels of award; Bronze, Silver and Gold.
Currently, at Ysgol Harri Tudur, we are working together to achieve the Siarter Iaith Cymraeg Campus Bronze Award.
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Table of Contents
When and where did Hinduism originate?
The word Hindu is derived (through Persian) from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is first mentioned in the Rig Veda.
In what country did Hinduism and Buddhism develop originally?
It has continued to exist outside of India and has become the major religion in several Asian countries. Hinduism and Buddhism originated in Northern India, but later expanded throughout Asia around 500 BCE.
When did Hinduism possibly begin?
The history of Hinduism in India can be traced to about 1500 bce. Evidence of Hinduism’s early antecedents is derived from archaeology, comparative philology, and comparative religion.
Which is oldest religion in world?
The word Hindu is an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, many practitioners refer to their religion as Sanātana Dharma (Sanskrit: सनातन धर्म, lit.
Who is the founder of Hinduism?
Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one founder but is instead a fusion of various beliefs. Around 1500 B.C., the Indo-Aryan people migrated to the Indus Valley, and their language and culture blended with that of the indigenous people living in the region.
What Hinduism gave to world?
1. India gave the world its first university – Takshashila University. As early as 700 B.C., there existed a giant University at Takshashila, located in the northwest region of India. It had 300 lecture halls, laboratories, a library and a towering observatory for astronomical research.
Who is oldest God in the world?
In ancient Egyptian Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten and proclaimed to be the one “true” Supreme Being and creator of the universe. In the Hebrew Bible, the titles of God include Elohim (God), Adonai (Lord) and others, and the name YHWH (Hebrew: יהוה).
Which religion is most powerful in the world?
Largest religious groups
|Islam||1.9||Arabia (Middle East), 7th century|
Is Hinduism older than Judaism?
Hinduism and Judaism are among the oldest existing religions in the world. The two share some similarities and interactions throughout both the ancient and modern worlds.
Who invented God?
The earliest written form of the Germanic word God comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan.
Who was the 1st God?
Brahma is the Hindu creator god. He is also known as the Grandfather and as a later equivalent of Prajapati, the primeval first god. In early Hindu sources such as the Mahabharata, Brahma is supreme in the triad of great Hindu gods which includes Shiva and Vishnu.
What is the oldest religion?
What country is considered the home of Hinduism?
After Christianity and Islam, Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world. It has millions of followers around the different countries of the world. India is called the home of Hindus.
Which countries have Hinduism as a main religion?
I. India. India is known as the birthplace of many religions but Hinduism is the most noteworthy one.
What country is predominantly Hindu?
Presently, India and Nepal are the two Hindu majority countries. Most Hindus are found in Asian countries.
Which country did Hinduism originate from?
Origins of the Word Hindu. The term Hindu is derived from the name of River Indus , which flows through northern India. In ancient times the river was called the Sindhu, but the pre-Islamic Persians who migrated to India called the river Hindu knew the land as Hindustan and called its inhabitants Hindus .
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Coronavirus: A pandemic of anxiety and depression
The pandemic, and the collateral damage it has been causing, is one of the leading sources of stressors today. With no end currently in sight, people's mental health could take a serious blow, experts worry. Mental wellbeing today is as important as physical wellbeing, if not more.
These are tough times we live in, where something as simple as a sneeze or a cough elicits fear like nothing ever has before, where venturing out to do grocery shopping feels like stepping into a battlefield, surrounded by a deadly, invisible enemy, and where healthcare workers are chastised for doing their jobs.
Over-exaggerated parallels have been drawn over the last two months between being imprisoned, and being forced to stay home due to movement curfews, but they are not without merits.
According to the Indian Psychiatry Society, the number of mental health cases – including anxiety and depression – has risen 20 percent since the lockdown was first announced, mostly attributable to the decline in social activity and restricted movement.
While the virtual world is helping people stay in touch with their friends, families, and colleagues, most people have reported that they miss the physicality of meeting another human being, or being in the same space as them.
For others, the fear of losing their job, being laid off, or not being able to find work is their biggest source of anxiety.
Even the ones who have been lucky to keep their jobs are finding themselves in a situation where they have to clock in many more hours of work than they used to.
All this is adding to the pandemonium the virus has already created, and the big question now is what will get to people first – the pandemic, or the fear instilled by it?
Dr Mohan Isaac, a renowned Indian psychiatrist, currently practicing in Australia, shares his opinion on how COVID-19 is impacting people, mentally:
“There are two main problems right now that trigger anxiety in people – loneliness and the fear of death,” Dr Mohan explains.
“We are now faced with a one of a kind disease that even researchers and medical practitioners have not figured out yet. We do don’t know of the exact properties of the virus – what its exact symptoms are or whether it is capable of genetic mutation.”
Dr Mohan has been practicing for more than 40 years in the field of psychiatry. He worked as a professor of psychiatry at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, for about 27 years, and currently teaches at The University of Western Australia.
The fact that the coronavirus exhibits symptoms very similar to that of the common flu is a big anxiety trigger, since those symptoms could imply contraction of the more fatal disease.
“The virus thus creates a pandemic of anxiety and depression. The losses incurred in small-businesses, restaurants along with the layoffs all as a result of the lockdown imposed by the governments has led to many cases of anxiety, depression and in extreme cases, suicide.”
Online classes for students
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, but when work and play inhabit the same structure, what does that do to a child?
With schools being shut down completely, and the absence of physical activities, sports and games that involve a lot of running and some fresh air, children might find it hard to take meaningful breaks, especially as online classrooms invade their homes.
Jennifer Mary Johnson, a psychology teacher at Mallya Aditi International School and a practicing psychologist, emphasises how the overall development on children will be impacted:
“Schools focus on the overall development of the children, including a life outside academics through various co-curricular activities,” says Jennifer. “That however, is very obviously restricted.”
According to an online study by CRY, the lockdown has impacted children’s physical and psycho-social well-being. Further, being forced to attend online classes directly exposes them to cyber security threats.
Another issue educators have been grappling with is whether online methods cater to all sections of society.
“Although online teaching is not very new and students are adapting to it, it is the students with learning disabilities – such as autism (special needs) – who are finding it difficult to cope with these changes,” adds Jennifer.
“It is also difficult to meet the needs of different kinds of students.”
The work-from-home culture
With most employees working from home now, their work-life balance seems to have gone for a toss. The time taken to commute to work and back has decreased, but so has social interaction and team camaraderie.
Due to a lack of informal interactions with colleagues and bosses outside of work, employees have been getting stressed about what is expected of them, and are thereby clocking in longer hours to overcompensate. Communicating via WhatsApp and emails have also made it harder for people to perceive the tone and sentiment behind messages, making it harder to connect with team members.
Sharon George, Manager - Health, Safety and Well-being, at Australia New-Zealand Banking Group, Bangalore service centre told Social Story how the department places importance on mental wellbeing:
“The lockdown with long periods of isolation, uncertainty and anxiety could affect our body and mind to a great extent. During this time, we support our staff through the Employee Assistance Program (EAP), to cope with the change, help them recognise and address the emotions elicited in response to the changes and coach them with strategies to manage them creatively, through our COVID-19 management webinar series, and one-to-one online wellness counselling,” says Sharon.
Impact on the elderly
Senior citizens are the most vulnerable to the coronavirus, and mortality rates for that age group is significantly higher than for others.
Governments have enforced strict movement restrictions for them to keep them protected, and so, for those living alone, that poses a serious dilemma.
Despite efforts by NGOs and individuals to help senior citizens get access to essentials, for a group that does not adopt technology readily, and finds pleasure in evening strolls through a park, the lockdown has taken a toll on their mental health too. Isolation and loneliness are also issues they have been facing.
The simple solutions
In an article by leading psychiatrist, Robert T. London, he outlines a method that people can use to relax, using only a comfortable chair and a soft, visual focus. (Read about it here.)
“There is a malignant uncertainty about the nature of the virus and people are becoming anxious, but they are finding their own ways to cope with this kind of anxiety. For example, in the UK, the number of people going to religious institutions has increased, signifying a method of coping with the panic” says Dr Mohan.
Several organisations have also been offering help in times of distress: Connect in Crisis, for example, is UK's first online support networking site that brings individuals experiencing similar mental health issues, together. In Australia, an independent non-profit organisation, Beyond Blue is working to address issues associated with depression, suicide, anxiety disorders and other related mental disorders.
In India, there are many organisations working towards the betterment of mental health, especially in these difficult times. The Live, Love, Laugh Foundation (TLLLF) is one such entity.
The foundation aims to change the way one looks at mental health, and give hope to those experiencing stress, anxiety and depression (SAD).
Minds Foundation, Manas Foundation, The Banyan, and Aasra, among many others, are also trying to help people cope with the pandemic.
If you are feeling stressed or depressed, there are a number of helplines that you can reach out to for help - you can find them here.
Edited by Aparajita Saxena
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Table of Contents
- 1 What is the difference between negative and positive electricity?
- 2 Can you be shocked by positive charge?
- 3 Why does a positive charge attract a negative charge?
- 4 What is considered electrocution?
- 5 Why do negative charges repel?
- 6 What is the difference between electric shock and electrocution?
- 7 How dangerous is a negative current on a battery?
What is the difference between negative and positive electricity?
Electric charge can be positive or negative (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). If there are more electrons than protons in a piece of matter, it will have a negative charge, if there are fewer it will have a positive charge, and if there are equal numbers it will be neutral.
What is the difference between electrocution and shock?
In contrast to electrocution, an electric shock injury involves electrical harm that does not result in death. That does not mean that an electrical shock case is a minor event. Victims of electrical shock frequently suffer very severe, catastrophic and life-altering injuries.
Can you be shocked by positive charge?
When you touch a doorknob (or something else made of metal), which has a positive charge with few electrons, the extra electrons want to jump from you to the knob. That tiny shock you feel is a result of the quick movement of these electrons.
What is the difference between electrocution and electrified?
As verbs the difference between electrocute and electrify is that electrocute is to cause death from immediate complications resulting from electric shock while electrify is to communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity.
Why does a positive charge attract a negative charge?
A negative charge wants to give away its electrons to become neutral therefore it attracts positive charge towards it. On the other hand, a positive charge requires electrons to become neutral, that is why it moves towards negative charge.
What does negative electrical current mean?
Negative current is current flowing in the opposite direction to positive current, just like the axes on a graph have negative and positiva in opposite directions. A sensor that can read negative and positive current could be used to mesaure rate of charging or discharing a battery.
What is considered electrocution?
Electrocution is death or severe injury by electric shock, electric current passing through the body. The term “electrocution” was coined in 1889 in the US just before the first use of the electric chair and originally referred only to electrical execution and not to accidental or suicidal electrical deaths.
When you walk across a carpet wearing socks you acquire a negative charge because?
If you have ever scooted your sock-covered feet across the carpet, you have probably experienced the zap of static electricity. As you walk over carpet in socks, your feet rub electrons off the carpet, leaving you with a slightly negative static charge.
Why do negative charges repel?
If the charge is negative, the field is directed toward the charge. All electric fields begin on a positive charge and end on a negative charge. If two positive charges interact, their forces are directed against each other. This creates a repellent force as shown in the illustration.
What is the difference between electrons and negative electric charges?
“Negative electric charges” is a rather more general category than “electrons.” A particle with negative electric charge is anything that is electrically repelled by an electron. This includes other electrons, muons, taus, antiprotons, cascade minuses, pi minuses, and a whole host of others sorts of particles.
What is the difference between electric shock and electrocution?
Electric shock is not electrocution. When a person is shocked, an electrical charge causes the person to suffer serious, all-too-often life-altering injuries – but the victim is still alive. Electrocution, on the other hand, is fatal. It occurs when an electrical charge kills the victim.
Can you be electrocuted if you touch only the negative terminal?
At any rate, in order to be electrocuted, your body has to complete the electrical circuit between two terminals with sufficient difference in voltage between them to cause harm. If you touch only the negative terminal and your body is well insulated from the other terminal or the ground, you won’t be electrocuted.
How dangerous is a negative current on a battery?
That negative terminal could be at anything up to 170V depending on how the circuit is grounded (and it isn’t as it stands). And has no current limit apart from your fusebox. It won’t kill you as efficiently as AC can, but with that voltage and maybe 20amps it can really cook your internals quickly.
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A coffee break in the United States and elsewhere is a short mid-morning rest period granted to employees in business and industry. An afternoon coffee break, or afternoon tea, often occurs as well.
The coffee break originated in the late 19th century in Stoughton, Wisconsin, with the wives of Norwegian immigrants. The city celebrates this every year with the Stoughton Coffee Break Festival. In 1951, Time noted that
“Since the war, the coffee break has been written into union contracts”
The term subsequently became popular through a Pan-American Coffee Bureau ad campaign of 1952 which urged consumers, “Give yourself a Coffee-Break – and Get What Coffee Gives to You” John B. Watson, a behavioral psychologist who worked with Maxwell House later in his career, helped to popularize coffee breaks within the American culture.
In some companies and some civil service, the coffee break may be observed formally at a set hour. In some places, a cart with hot and cold beverages and cakes, breads and pastries arrives at the same time morning and afternoon, an employer may contract with an outside caterer for daily service, or coffee breaks may take place away from the actual work-area in a designated cafeteria or tea room.
More generally, the phrase “coffee break” has also come to denote any break from work. Coffee was initially used for spiritual reasons. At least 1,100 years ago, traders brought coffee across the Red Sea.
At first, the Arabians made wine from the pulp of the fermented coffee berries. This beverage was known as qishr (kisher in modern usage) and was used during religious ceremonies.
Coffee drinking was prohibited by jurists and scholars meeting in Mecca in 1511, but the subject of whether it was intoxicating was hotly debated over the next 30 years until the ban was finally overturned in the mid-16th century. Use in religious rites among the Sufi branch of Islam led to coffee’s being put on trial in Mecca: it was accused of being a heretical substance, and its production and consumption were briefly repressed.
Coffee, regarded as a Muslim drink, was prohibited by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians until as late as 1889; it is now considered a national drink of Ethiopia for people of all faiths. Its early association in Europe with rebellious political activities led to Charles II outlawing coffeehouses from January 1676. Frederick the Great banned it in Prussia in 1777 for nationalistic and economic reasons.
“concerned about the price of import, he sought to force the public back to consuming beer”
Abstinence from coffee, tobacco, and alcohol by many Adventists has afforded a near-unique opportunity for studies to be conducted within that population group on the health effects of coffee drinking, free from confounding factors.
One study was able to show a weak but statistically significant association between coffee consumption and mortality from ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular disease, all cardiovascular diseases combined, and all causes of death. For a time, there had been controversy in the Jewish community.
Whether the coffee seed was a legume and therefore prohibited for Passover. Upon petition from coffeemaker Maxwell House, the coffee seed was classified in 1923 as a berry rather than a seed by orthodox Jewish rabbi Hersch Kohn, and therefore kosher for Passover.
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The collection includes about 900 inscriptions which date from between the 7th century BC and the end of the 3rd century AD. After an early period of formation characterised by a strong Sabaean cultural and linguistic influence, around the 5th-4th century Ḥaḍramawt became a kingdom with its own political importance. Its main activity was trading in incense, which grew in various regions of the country.
The capital Shabwa was situated in the very west of the kingdom. Its position at the crossroads of the routes leading to the north enabled it to become an important centre for collecting and distributing incense along the ancient caravan routes.
Similarly to Qataban, the king of Ḥaḍramawt controlled the whole kingdom and made alliances with the various tribes, in particular with those of the southern highlands and the coastal region.
In the 4th century, this led to the foundation of Naqb al-Hajar and, in the 3rd century, of Sumhuram, a harbour city in far-off Dhofar. In these sites were found the most important inscriptions commemorating the construction of city walls and gates under the king's authority. In order to control and manage trade, Ḥaḍramawt established diplomatic relations with the kingdom of Maʿīn in the second half of the 1st millennium: a Ḥaḍramitic king wrote an inscription on the wall of the Minaean capital Qarnaw, in which he dedicated a tower to his ally.
In the first century BC Ḥaḍramawt founded a second port on the Indian Ocean, Qana, which at that time had trade links with Sumhuram. The majority of dedicatory inscriptions come from Raybūn and the other towns of the valley of wādī Ḥaḍramawt that from the beginning of the 1st millennium BC were engaged in agriculture, and had a marked religious life.
Epigraphic documentation is not homogeneous throughout the history of Ḥaḍramawt, as it follows the political fortunes of the kingdom. Phase B is the richest: the most interesting texts of Raybūn and the inscriptions on the city wall of Shabwa are dated to between the third and first centuries BC. There are few inscriptions of phase C (except for the important texts of Eleazos in Sumhuram), but there are many texts from the last chronological phase from Shabwa and its outskirts.
From the linguistic point of view, the vastness of the kingdom introduced several local features into the inscriptions, such as the formularies, the lexicon and especially the paleography.
This is the corpus home page. You can begin the consultation of the whole corpus by using the indexes and tools menu on the left or you can consult only one of its sub-corpora, when present, by choosing from the list below.
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|IBA conservation status|
|Year of assessment (most recent)||State (condition)||Pressure (threat)||Response (action)|
|For more information about IBA monitoring, please click here|
Site description (2014 baseline)
An upland limestone plateau in northwest Socotra, rising from 550-700 m, with a rich mosaic of mainly Lyceum woodland with grasses and woody herbs, especially Pulicaria and some Tamarix. An important and well-managed area for sheep grazing.
One of the most important sites on Socotra for bird biodiversity. Surveyed 2000-2006.
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: Jabal Ma'alah / Ma'alah Plateau (Socotra). Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/jabal-maalah--maalah-plateau-(socotra)-iba-yemen on 28/11/2023.
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Calgary, Canada, with a metropolitan population of well over one million, will no longer lace its water supply with toxic fluoride. After much heated debate from both sides, the Calgary city council voted 10 – 3 to stop adding the hazardous chemical byproduct of the aluminum and phosphate fertilizer industries to the city’s drinking water, ending more than 20 years of needless poisoning and scoring a significant victory for public health.
“It’s an issue that has been debated vociferously around the world for 50 years,” said Druh Farrell, the municipal council member that led the charge to remove fluoride. “[Fluoridation] became an established point of view, but now the wisdom of it is being questioned around the world.”
For the source article please click the link below:
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The rituals start with the baby’s birth. ʻAhaʻaina māwaewae is the celebration 24 hours after a child’s birth—so what happens in this one is that… it’s like whereas the ʻahaʻaina palala (one-year celebration) is a physical celebration of the child surviving, the ʻahaʻaina māwaewae is more of a psychological celebration. This is where you decide the pathway for the child, and decide to take the responsibility of its safety and welfare. This is also when you dedicate the child to the ʻaumakua, and the reason for this is so that the child won’t be high strung and unruly; so that the child follows the traditional values of the family and their belief system. ʻAumakua is a family guardian that can take shape in the form of animals or plants or elements.
Hiapo is the first born. Doesn’t matter what gender, it’s just the first born child. The reason why hiapo is so important is because that’s who the elders are gonna look toward for responsibilities and to perpetuate the traditions and to prepare and teach the younger siblings and the younger generations when they come. That’s why the ʻahaʻaina māwaewae is so important, especially with the first child, because they need to be nurtured and they take so much time.
When a woman finds out she’s pregnant, her husband will start raising a pig for the ʻahaʻaina māwaewae, and then as soon as the child is born, there’s special seafood that’s secured—these foods are like symbols of the child to be like. So… they’ll get a crab/fish (ʻamaʻama and/or āholehole) because these are the `aumakua of the area, and these are mainly specific to the families that grow up in Kaʻū because a lot of these peoples’ guardians (`aumakua) is this animal…
So the ʻamaʻama crab and the āholehole fish are the `aumakua—so they (the family) eat it to pay homage to him (the guardian), and that’s like a form of dedicating the child to the `aumakua… and then they also have lūʻau leaf (taro leaf) because kalo (taro) is the plant form of Lono, and Lono is the god of harvest and fertility. And they also have mahiki, which is a kind of shrimp, and mahiki literally translates to “peel off,” like fish scales… that one is meant to peel off as in peel off the bad; you want your baby to be “clean,” like they don’t want him sheathed in bad things.
Then they have kala, seaweed, and that word means “to loosen or set free.” Like you’re literally separating the child from his mother and that child is now independent in a way, and now, with the support of his family, is going to learn what he needs to, grow up and survive and eventually actually be independent from the family. And at the same time, they’re going to eat ʻaʻama, because that means to paʻa … “to stay close with the family,” because although the child is going to learn to be independent and learn to take care of himself, he is also going to remain close with the family and understand that he needs to take care of them. Because the Hawaiian way of thinking is that you can’t have any… there’s no rogues—everyone belongs somewhere, you are a part of a family unit and it’s uncommon if you aren’t. If you’re not, that means you did something very wrong. Family is the most important thing.
They also have mele inoa and mele maʻi that they have at the different `ahas… `aha `aina is like a party, it’s like a pa`ina… so a mele inoa is a name chant—pretty much self explanatory; a chant about your name. But when you get your name depends… Some people will go to a kahuna (priest), and they’ll ask the kahuna to dream—that’s how a lot of people get their names, through dreams. Someone will dream it up. There’s other ways you could get it, you could be named after a grandparent or an elder. You could have an inoa hoʻomanaʻo (a name in rememberance of a person or an event), relating to a past event or mostly to recognize a person or event close to the time of your birth. Queen Liliuokalani, her middle name is Kamakameha (“sore eye”) because when she was born her aunt had an eye infection. The names don’t need to be pretty, they’re to remember people.
I have a friend, Mahue Matekino (he’s from New Zealand), his name is an inoa hoʻomanaʻo and his name means “the one forgotten”—‘mahue’ means forgotten, and ‘matekino’ means death/dead, like a body… it relates to cancer, and he was named that because two weeks before he was born, his grandpa died of cancer, so he was the forgotten grandchild because he didn’t get to meet his grandpa… It’s really sad, but to Mahue it’s not sad, because you get to remember the best—the name physically ties you to that person.
And we have inoa pō, and the inoa pō actually kind of relates to having a dream, but not strictly. It doesn’t necessarily need to come in a dream, but this name is in honor of the `aumakua, and can sometimes be given by the `aumakua in the form of a dream.
There’s a lot of names in Hawaiian that are not pretty, but nowadays everybody just wants fricken’ pretty names… (less legit)
Then there’s ‘mo ka piko,’ and this name is given in contempt to anyone who has been rude to the family or rude to one of the chiefs. And, I guess that because they strongly believe that what your name entails are the traits you’re gonna inherit—it’s very common if you have this name to be very protective of the family or chief (inoa kuamuamu). ‘Inoa aloha aliʻi’ is “to remember a beloved chief.” Ākeamakamae (my sister) almost had an inoa aloha aliʻi.
The other chant, a mele ma`i, is a “genetalia chant,” as weird as it sounds, and that one is for the main purpose of procreation—a lot of ali`i (chiefs) would have it, would have one done for them—to spiritually influence them to procreate. And for the child, a mele ma`i explains how you came about and that this is what you need to do and why it’s important. It’s not so much the numbers of people that’s important, but they need the tradition to keep going, that’s why it’s important. When one kupuna (grandparent) dies, they need a baby to be born to “counteract” it, in a way.
This is the celebration after the child’s made one year, counted from birth (not conception). And then this is a celebration of the child surviving, which doesn’t have as many embedded traditions other than the physical ceremony where everyone celebrates the child passing the critical year mark. Usually this celebration is a lūʻau, a huge family gathering with traditional food, dance, music, and chants. A lot of preparation goes into the lūʻau and literally everyone comes because the first birthday is such a big deal.
How did you come across this folklore: “I’m in a Hawaiian Studies class called Hawaiian `Ohana, and we learn about the traditional family system from a particular area on the Big Island, and we chose this place because there’s a lot of history and traditional values that have been maintained from ancient times, which isn’t common around the rest of the islands in the state.”
Other information: “This is one of the most important ceremonies and traditions in the collection. When you’re born is a huge event, but coming of age—it happens when people have their baby’s first lu`au—it’s a ceremony that comes with it. Your first year is critical if you’re gonna make it, so it’s a big deal. That’s when the baby’s diet changes, when you start accepting that the baby’s gonna grow and be part of the community and stuff… but birth, naming, taking responsibility, etc. is a related ceremony all by itself.”
These ceremonies ritualize the transition from gestation to birth, and from birth to infancy in the life cycle. As my informant mentioned, even though the child is very young, this is kind of like a coming of age ceremony, when the baby essentially becomes a real person and therefore part of the community. Naming the baby officiates his/her presence in a family, which is marked by other parts of the ceremony, such as dedicating the baby to the family ‘aumakua, and is when parents/family members decide to acknowledge the baby and to take responsibility for him/her, to nurture and care for him/her.
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“I have a magic paintbrush! I can make the color I paint change!” I hold my hand up as if holding a paintbrush. With my other hand I “throw” magic sparkles at the imaginary paintbrush. “Poof,” I say,”now my paintbrush is yellow!”
I instruct the children. “Get your imaginary paintbrush and think of the magic color you want to paint. Let’s paint as I sing this song.”
I begin to sing “We believe that through the Atonement of Christ…” I make long sweeping paint strokes down low, then up high. As I come to the words “all mankind may be saved,” I call out “Freeze!” I ask the children, “What color is your paintbrush?” and point to a couple of the children for them to tell me their color. (I also hold my hand up as I ask the question, giving the children the silent signal to hold their hands up if they want to tell me their color.)
“Poof! I’m changing my color to purple with sparkles. Let’s paint again.” I begin to sing “by obedience to the laws…” At the end of the song, I ask the children again what their colors were.
Extender: As an extender to this activity, I sometimes have the children turn towards a wall of the room and challenge them to “paint” the whole wall as we sing the song, directing our paintbrush to each corner of the wall (even though we remain in the same place.) If the children are still with me, we concentrate on painting the ceiling or the floor as we sing the song again, always changing our paint color occasionally along the way.
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The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) has announced that, for the first time, scientists have used gene therapy to correct defective structures in the inner ears of newborn mice. The mice used in the NIDCD study had a type of hereditary deafness also found in humans.
As explained by the authors in an article published in the October 20, 2015 edition of Molecular Therapy, the small sensory cells of the inner ear, often referred to as “hair cells,” transform sound vibrations into nerve impulses. After sound waves enter the inner ear’s cochlea, they produce waves in a fluid layer. The waves lift the overlying hair cells, and bend the stereocilia—tiny hair-like structures on the hair cell surfaces—by driving them into an overlying membrane. Bending the stereocilia triggers an electrical signal that is sent to the brain and interpreted as sound.
There is currently no way to fix or replace defective hair cells and stereocilia in humans, and these new findings suggest a promising approach to restoring hearing in infants who inherit gene mutations that cause defects in the development of hair cells and stereocilia.
According to the NIDCD, Wade Chien, MD, an otolaryngology surgeon-scientist in its neurotology program, studied newborn mice that inherited a mutated gene for a hair cell protein called whirlin. Both people and mice who inherit mutated whirlin genes have abnormally short, fat stereocilia, arranged in extra rows. Because of the stereocilia abnormalities, these hair cells begin to die off shortly after birth. In humans, the whirlin mutation may cause either deafness or Usher syndrome, in which the mutation causes both deafness and blindness. In normal ears, stereocilia are graded in height to form a staircase-like bundle. The size, organization, and survival of the stereocilia are critical to hearing.
Scientists injected gene therapy via a virus carrying the corrected gene for the whirlin protein into the inner ear of mice with the whirlin mutation (whirler mice). Although the gene therapy had minimal effect on treated adult whirler mice, the scientists found that gene therapy in newborn whirler mice restored stereocilia to their normal length and eliminated some of the extra rows of stereocilia. In addition, more hair cells survived in the treated ear as compared to the untreated ear in the same mouse.
The authors report that whirler mice that received gene therapy demonstrated no improvement in hearing ability when tested one to three months after treatment, so Chien and his research team will next try to determine why correcting the architecture of the stereocilia and improving the survival of the hair cells does not restore hearing ability.
A Atlantic Hearing Aid Center opened its doors in January 1971 and has been serving the hearing community ever since! We have always been conveniently located in beautiful Fort Lauderdale, Florida at 2310 East Oakland Park Boulevard.
2310 E Oakland Park Blvd
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33306, United States
Copyright © 2015 AAtlanticHearingAidCenter.com. All Rights Reserved. Site Designed and Maintained By Huntpub.com
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There are over 316 chemicals that can be found in drinking water in the United States. If you don’t have filtered water, is it any wonder you have strange odors coming from your water?
Why Does My Water Smell Like Sulfur, Rotten Eggs or Sewage?
If your water smells like rotten eggs or sulfur, it means you most likely have an issue with hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide gas can be smelled at levels as low as .5 parts per million. 1 PPM causes it to smell musty and 1-2 PPM will cause the water to smell like rotten eggs. Most times it is safe to drink but can be an indication of water contamination that can be dangerous. Hydrogen sulfide gas will produce a strong and nasty odor and taste. The odor may only be there when the water is first turned on or when the hot water is running as the heat of the water will push the gas up into the air. The only time it may be harmful is when the levels get high, but you’ve probably stopped drinking it by that point as the smell and taste will be quite offensive. The odor will remain as long as the hydrogen sulfide is present. If the smell only happens when you’re using hot water, its possibly a chemical reaction that is originating in your hot water heater. This means the problem is not with your water itself and you may have to contact a professional. If there is a sewage smell coming from the cold and hot water treated by a water softener and not in untreated water, it’s most likely sulfur bacteria in the water softener. You may need to have the water softener looked as the bacteria will need to be cleaned out. It’s almost impossible to drink water that smells like sewage. Gases in the drain are caused by bacteria from food and waste or an issue with the water heater.
How to Locate, Prevent & Correct Water Contamination & Pollution Problems
The water may be fine to drink but there are problems with your pipes, appliances that use water or the source of where your water is coming from. If the smell is coming from the pipes, there’s a little test you can do to figure it out. Fill a glass of water and without smelling it, walk away from the faucet. Go back and smell the water. If it does not smell, then it’s most likely the pipes and the drain. If you suspect the problem is with your hot water heater you can increase the temperature for a period of 24 hours. Run the hot water to flush out the pipes and be mindful of everyone in the home when doing so like children or the elderly as it may lead to burns. If your water comes from a well then the hydrogen sulfide might be starting there. You may have to have your water tested to determine what contaminants you might have in your water.
Water Filtration Systems in Naples, Cape Coral, Fort Myers & Lehigh Acres, Florida
There are ways to remove odors that are present in your water and systems to make it taste better. Contact AAA Water Team for an in home consultation to determine where the smell is coming from and a custom water purification system to make your water taste great!
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Airfoil data information
Dat file parsing
The dat files is parsed using the rules below. Any warnings are displayed in red to the right of the dat file data in the airfoil plotter form
- The file is read a line at a time starting from the top. Blank lines are discarded.
- The first line is the name or description of the airfoil
- All subsequent lines must have 2 numeric values separated by white space characters
- If the first numeric values are greater than 1 the file is assumed to be in Lednicer format and these indicate the number of coordinates on the top and bottom surfaces. Otherwise the format is assumed to be selig. See University of Illinois, Airfoil format page for more information on the dat file formats. All subsequent lines are treated as data points.
- The X coordinate should be in the range 0.0 to 1.0. In practice some files contain values slightly out of this range. so any X value in the range -0.01 to 1.01 is included in the data with a warning shown if the values are outside the range 0.0 to 1.0.
- The Y coordinate must be in the range -1.0 to +1.0. This is an arbitrary cut off but should flag bad values, missing decimal points, etc.
Dat file downloadThere are options to download the dat files in either Selig or Lednicer format. These are generated from the parsed data so any information that failed parsing will have been removed. Most airfoils also have a link to the original source dat file if required.
Calculating the camber and thickness
The camber and thickness are calculated in the Y direction. Some airfoil formulae, like the NACA series, calculate maximum thickness perpendicular to the camber line so there can be some small discrepancies. During parsing the top and bottom surfaces of the airfoil are stored separately. The surface with the larger number of points is used as the master. The the points on the master surface are scanned and the Y value on the opposite surface is determined by finding the 2 points that are either side of the X value, and triangulating between them to determine the intermediate Y value. This is the equivalent of drawing a straight line between all the points and measuring the distance between them.
Having found the Y values of the top and bottom surfaces the thickness is the difference between the two values. The camber line is the average of the two Y values. The maximum camber and thickness (Y) and the position (X) is determined by iterating along these values. The following should be noted.
- The location of the maximum values will always be at a point in the dat file. The more points the more accurate the data will be.
- Some symmetrical airfoils will have a very small camber value and non zero X position. To overcome this the data in the database was rounded to 3 places so these values should appear as zero.
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Find the most plant species in Illinois in a single year and rejoice in your victory!
In 2016, the Illinois Native Plant Society hosted the first annual Illinois Botanists Big Year. Anyone may participate, from professional botanist to plant identification novice, by uploading photographic proof of their plant sightings to an online database: iNaturalist. Through the website or mobile apps, botanical enthusiasts upload photos, a species identification, GPS location, date of sighting, and field notes. Since other iNaturalist users can help with identification, participants need not be plant experts and can learn quite a bit about plants just by snapping photos and engaging with the community.
In 2018, we had:
35,864 research grade observations of plants
Most species goes to @elfaulkner, Erin Faulkner, with an impressive 857 wild plant species observed in Illinois in 2018. And that’s just research grade! She has an additional ~80 species that still need confirmation. Can you help identify?
The geographic coverage of the state was pretty impressive. Last year was a huge year. iNaturalist globally continues to double each year and that was reflected in Illinois as well. Also gosh there are still over 22,000 “needs ID” plant observations in 2018 alone.
All stats as of 29 January 2019. These are research grade observations only:
1. @elfaulkner — 857
2. @bouteloua — 772
3. @sanguinaria33 — 729
4. @sedge — 593
5. @skrentnyjeff — 530
6. @missgreen — 451
7. @observer26 — 428
8. @johnhboldt — 416
9. @jackassgardener — 325
10. @psweet — 270
1. @observer26 — 2,792
2. @bouteloua — 2,470
3. @sanguinaria33 — 1,470
4. @elfaulkner — 1,301
5. @annechw — 1,226
6. @skrentnyjeff — 1,044
7. @sedge — 966
8. @johnhboldt — 963
9. @taco2000 — 851
10. @missgreen — 629
The Sedgehead (most species of Carex): @sanguinaria33 with 41
The Grassmaster (most species in Poaceae): @elfaulkner with 62
The Sporophyte (most nonflowering plants): tie between @elfaulkner and @bouteloua with 28
The 100% Naturalist (at least 500 observations, lowest standard deviation between number of observations in each of iNaturalist’s iconic taxon groups: plants, fungi, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, arachnids, insects, mammals, molluscs, chromista, and protozoa): @paulroots !
The most-observed species was common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). The most-observed non-native species was chicory (Cichorium intybus).
Huge thank yous to top identifiers @evan8 @bouteloua @mcaple @elfaulkner @eattaway92 @sedge @sanguinaria33 @bugman1388 @coreyjlange and @missgreen. Especially @sedge for those recent sedge IDs!
Our most speciose botanist @elfaulkner / Erin Faulkner says:
This summer I used iNat to document my quest to knock a bunch of IL nature preserves off my list. I visited nearly 20 new nature preserves, parks, and natural areas ranging from the Ohio River to the slag piles of southeast Chicago to the sand prairies along the north Mississippi. Some of my favorites were Brown Barrens shale glade in Union County, where I had to scramble up a steep bluff in the pouring rain to find a weird assemblage of species perched at the top (prairie tea [Croton monanthogynus], downy milkpea [Galactia regularis], creeping lespedeza [Lespedeza repens], and redring milkweed [Asclepias variegata]…Little Grand Canyon in Jackson County, where I had to turn back halfway because I was alone with no cell reception and the bare rock trail was slick with rain, but not before seeing odd things clinging to the rock outcrops like sparkleberry [Vaccinium arboreum], pencilflower [Stylosanthes biflora], hairy goldenrod [Solidago hispida], and cranefly orchid [Tipularia discolor]…and Thomson Fulton Sand Prairie in Whiteside County, which was a bizarre alien landscape so covered in prickly pear cacti it was difficult to find a place to step.
Our most observose naturalist @observer26 says:
I really enjoyed the ease of use of iNat to upload. I like the excuse to take extra pictures to share. I have to admit that I used iNat as an excuse to go places that I normally would not have had the opportunity.
Most-favorited photos (tie):
And tons of new documentations in Illinois on iNaturalist in 2018. Way too many for me to list here. Check the 2018 column in the following links:
▶Monocots excluding Poales
▶Poales (grasses, sedges, rushes, & friends)
▶Plants in Asterales (sunflower family and friends)
▶Plants in Fabales (pea family and friends)
▶Plants in Lamiales (mint family and friends)
▶Plants in Rosales (rose family and friends)
▶Plants in Brassicales (mustard family and friends)
▶Plants in Ranunculales (buttercup family and friends)
▶Plants in Caryophyllales (pink family and friends)
▶All other (eu)dicots except the groups above
Now time to:
Join the Illinois Botanists Big Year 2019
See you out there!
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About Us : History
The School began on the shores of Long Lake, Michigan, on Memorial Day, 1913. Somewhat
earlier, two exceptional men had met and recognized their mutual desire to help some of the
many half-orphaned boys roaming around the stockyards of Chicago. Out of this desire, Morris
Schwabacher and V.P. Randall founded Chicago Junior School, in the company of a tent, and a
The School was originally an active farm. This helped to instill in the students many life
and work values that came to characterize Chicago Junior Schools unique program. On Memorial
Day, 1923, CJS moved to its present location in Elgin. The new property was also a working
farm, as still evidenced by the silo in the middle of campus.
- 1913-1923: The school gradually grew to 50 students: After leaving the first campus in the wilds of northern Michigan, the second campus was an operating farm outside St. Joseph, Michigan only 75 miles from Chicago. During its last few years in Michigan, Superintendent Harold Molter made an indelible stamp on the school and remained a valuable friend for many years.
- 1923: A Chicago campus became a reality as the school moved to a 100-acre working farm in Elgin, IL. The farm buildings east of the little-used gravel road dividing the two segments of the property, became the classrooms and staff residences, while the 60 wooded acres descending to the Fox River became the new campus. A new brick dormitory, Hoxie House, was built immediately and provided living space for 40 boys, including a dining room and kitchen. The completion of the Frank Lloyd Wright style school building in 1929 cemented the permanence of CJS and focused the campus to the west side of the road. Summer camp was an integral part of the educational program, often with higher enrollments than during the school year. As with the school, summer campers participated in the study of the Bible lesson and their own Sunday School.
- 1933-1955: Superintendent George Kilburn took a financially struggling school during the Depression to new heights:
- Friends Groups were organized into successful fund raising organizations.
- Extra-curricular activities permanently changed from agriculture to athletics.
- A major building program was initiated resulting in the construction of the Dining Hall, Bates Field House, Allison House,the first girls dorm, Kilburn Hall, and the planning of Katzenberger gymnasium.
- Girls were added as boarding students in 1955
- 1956-1962: Mr. William F. Holford, Jr. came to CJS as Head of School with his four daughters, wife and parents, further
fostering the strong sense of family at the school. The Helen Katzenberger Pool was built in 1958 and the Walter Katzenberger Gymnasium
opened in 1961.
- 1962-1976: Mr. Charles (Bud) R. Trick took over as Head of School. He installed the first House Parents in Cox Cottage. In
1965 Molter House, the Headmasters residence, was built as was a new dorm (now named Westview) in 1969. Camp Junior became Camp
Wa-ta-ga-mie. CJS was now home for approximately 90 students and the camp program served 75 children each summer.
- 1976-1980: Mrs. Phyllis R. Smith became Head at CJS. She instituted the Early Education Program. Emphasis on the boarding
program decreased and space in Hoxie was converted for the preschool. Spanish classes were added to the academic program. CJS received
its first accreditation from ISACS (Independent School Association of the Central States). A formal character building program using
Agnes Boysens book First Things First was adopted in 1978 and regular assemblies focused on these qualities.
- 1980-1989: As Head of School, Dr. Andrew Sim focused on revising and updating the CJS curriculum. Camp Wa-ta-ga-mie now
included major off-site trips and a Leadership Training Program. The First Things First program grew into a program of Character
Building Qualities (CBQs). The Extended Care Program began for children in first through eighth grades.
- 1989-1992: Mr. Bradwell Scott was Head of School. Under his direction, Preschool became a permanent fixture in Hoxie
House. There was a renewed focus on the Boarding Program, and the first computer lab was established. Summer overnight camp was discontinued.
- 1992: Mr. Robert Seymour was appointed interim Head of School. He successfully shepherded a third accreditation from ISACS.
- 1992- 2002: Dr. William Haak took over as Head of School and converted Allison House and Kilburn Hall into additional
classroom space. The Administration Building was networked for computers and internet access. A new summer program began. A
fourth ISACS accreditation was achieved.
- 2002-2003: Mr. Philip Calkins, former Board Chair and current Business Manager, served as Interim Head of School.
- 2003-2007: Mr. John Friborg is named Head of School. The Board adopts a new name for the School in order to better reflect
what the school is and where it is located. A major review and updating of curriculum and instruction commences under the leadership
of new Assistant Head, Karen Morse. A major capital campaign, An Agenda for New Beginnings is successfully launched. New Early
Education/Lower School building constructed. Several buildings repurposed, including Cox Cottage from a dorm to middle school
classrooms. Campus technology network completed with all staff email and internet capabilities. Land stewardship program begun.
- 2007-2008: Mrs. Karen Morse serves as Interim Head of School.
- 2008-Present: Mrs. Karen Morse serves as Head of School.
Intellectual freedom and religious tolerance define any vital and diverse academic community. Fox River Country Day School is rooted in the
Christian traditions of Christian Science. While it is essential to understand that the School is not affiliated with or supported by the
Christian Science Church and to make clear that Christian Science is not part of the curriculum, it is also important to recognize the
schools heritage and understand that the Schools educational philosophy continues to reflect Christian Science ideals in central ways:
- A fundamental belief in the goodness of all, as children of one universal God.
- An underlying belief in the right and capacity of all students, faculty, and staff to achieve their full potential.
- The awareness that as a childs spiritual nature is honored, the learning process is less burdened and more joyful.
- The commitment to minimize fear, self-doubt, pressure, and comparisons in the learning environment maximizes confidence, exploration,
discovery, and expression.
- The underlying premise that when talented faculty members love children, the classroom environment is at its best.
Our school, like many others, began with people who had a vision based on their deepest spiritual convictions. Early support for
the school came and continues to come -- from individual and groups of Christian Scientists dedicated to promoting and financially
supporting a school which helps children grow in a loving environment that nurtures the development of character as well as academic
achievement. Today, the school continues to share practical expressions of its foundation through high personal academic standards,
an expectation of high moral and ethical practice, and a commitment to community values and service.
While honoring spirituality, the School does not attempt to influence the members of the community (students, parents, faculty,
or staff) regarding their religious ideas or health care. Parents alone determine a childs religious beliefs and how a childs
health needs are addressed. In the event of accident or illness, school staff administers first aid and provides further attention
consistent with parental instructions, including calling the childs physician or 911 in an emergency.
Our hiring and enrollment policies embrace and express diversity in all respects. A variety of religious backgrounds is represented
among enrolled families, faculty, and staff. As provided by the Schools by-laws, all members of the Board of Trustees and the Head
of School are Christian Scientists, drawing their vision and values from the Judeo-Christian heritage including the Bible, the Ten
Commandments, the Sermon on the Mount, the Golden Rule, and the writings of the Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science, Mary Baker Eddy.
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The JOPRAD project is a Coordination and Support Action funded by the EC through the H2020 Euratom programme. The goal of JOPRAD is to prepare the conditions for the setting up of a Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Disposal.
Scientific and technical knowledge has been acquired over more than 40 years of geological disposal and has allowed countries to progress towards licensing (Finland, Sweden and France).
RD&D effort at European level will continue to be necessary throughout the lifecycle of geological repository within the field of radioactive waste management in order to ensure optimization of management routes and of disposal solutions, and to comply with the Waste Directive obligations. RD&D will also continue to be compulsory to address evolving regulatory concerns. This RD&D must also be maintained and increased throughout the incremental development, operation and closure of disposal facilities in order to ensure innovation, competence maintenance, knowledge management.
Setting-up a Joint Programme is a step change in European collaboration towards safe radioactive waste disposal through a credible and sustained science and technology programme fostering mutual understanding and trust, and ensuring societal visibility and transparency of research and development.
Such Joint Programme would bring together at the European level, those aspects of Research and Development (R&D) activities implemented within national research programmes where synergy is identified. The joint R&D activities concern geological disposal of spent fuel and other high activity long lived radioactive waste, including waste management aspects linked with their disposal and other key activities (Education and Training, as well as Knowledge Management).
For further information about JOPRAD, see:
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Remembering a real-life Houston superhero: John Bland
Written by admin on February 21, 2021
By Chandrelle Lazard, Texas Southern University
In a time when our mobile devices, television and movie screens are filled with images of people with superhuman abilities performing heroic feats that change the world, it is easy to forget that there have been those who have walked among us every day, who have also done some amazing and heroic things to change the real world.
It is not often that one meets and recognizes such a person. However, I had the chance to meet a civil rights giant. He is a person who helped shape Houston’s future through selfless acts that can only be described as heroic in every sense of the word.
On March 4, 1960, Texas Southern University alumnus John Bland helped organize Houston’s first sit-in at the Weingarten’s grocery store lunch counter. The sit-in was nonviolent and consisted of more than a dozen TSU students. Just as many of our celebrated fictional superhero teams do, this group of amazing real-life heroes gave their collective a name that reflected their resolve for change and social justice. The students called themselves the Progressive Youth Association (PYA), and Bland was the secretary.https://25dbf16153f980f66fba5aa35b7644ef.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
With an unassuming headquarters in the TSU library’s special collection department, Bland painted a vivid picture of the horrible realities that minorities faced living in the Deep South at the time. Once his words had etched a clear, but all-too-familiar image on a blood-stained canvas of pain and suffering, he set out to strategize with the PYA to extinguish the roaring and hellish flames of racial injustice.
He spoke of how buses were burning while describing the heat radiating from the smoldering frames as an unmistakable smell of chemicals in the paint turned to an ashen smoke that seemed to reach out from the flames towards the clouds above. He spoke of being spit on while trying to desegregate movie theaters, yet remaining calm and resolute. Again, as a young man of unyielding conviction, Bland yearned for change and began to orchestrate it with his fellow collegians.
Armed only with their want for a better tomorrow, the real-life superhero team known as the PYA decided to challenge the ugly head of Jim Crow (laws) — the villain in this story. They gathered at the flagpole in front of TSU’s Hannah Hall and began to call upon the strength of their ancestors, who once may have walked these same paths in chains, as they slowly began to march. With each step, the ground began to reverberate more and more as these brave youths walked over a mile from the flagpole on TSU’s campus to Weingarten’s lunch counter located at 4110 Almeda Roadand possibly their own demise at the hands of Jim Crow (laws).
Shielded by the invisible hands of their ancestors, the PYA occupied seats at the segregated lunch counter as they became available. The air in the storefront quickly filled with racial slurs that were hurled like cannon fodder. However, through their conviction and resolve, they endured. In fact, other sit-ins continued at other businesses, which acted as a call to action for many other Black supporters to follow suit.
Bland said preparation for the sit-in included mock training. The leader of PYA, Eldrewey Stearns, would contact the police before the protest for the group’s safety, he said.
Despite the safety precautions, Bland said his parents were threatened to be fired from their jobs for his involvement and had to use a different address. African Americans were targeted by those who oppose the sit-ins.
Bland had no regrets because of the powerful impact the sit-ins made in the community.https://25dbf16153f980f66fba5aa35b7644ef.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
“From our movement we were able to promote black people into meaningful jobs and give them more respectability and responsibility,” Bland said.
The sit-ins were the domino effect that led to Houston’s desegregation, all thanks to the brave students of TSU.
Although Bland is proud of what they did 60 years ago, he said racism has not faded.
“It’s really bittersweet, you can see a lot of progress has been made, but you can also see that the old ugly head [of racism] is rising,” Bland said. “There’s a different type of discrimination and it’s more sophisticated.”
The rising of modern-day racism lit a fire in today’s students identical to the 1960 pioneers.
Today’s students marched for justice for George Floyd, a former Third Ward resident who died when a white police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota knelt on his neck for eight minutes and forty-six seconds.
The nation was outraged because the entire incident was videotaped by eyewitnesses.https://25dbf16153f980f66fba5aa35b7644ef.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
I was numbed and couldn’t believe that this was my America. Like Mr. Bland, I felt I had to do something.
I joined many students in the protest for George Floyd, walking in the footsteps of Bland and others for justice. We marched and chanted, letting our voices echo in the streets of downtown Houston.
Our rally cries were not in vain. Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee introduced the George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act to the House of Representatives. The act ensures the public that there will be police reform in communities across America.
Like the modern-day protests, Houston’s first sit-in encouraged national reform; the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, was created.
Unfortunately, the act of 1964 did not make discrimination disappear. Many have faced discrimination after this monumental civil rights law. Proving that the fight to extinguish the flames of inequality rages on. Until everyone, no matter the color of his or her skin, is treated fairly, the race continues.https://25dbf16153f980f66fba5aa35b7644ef.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
Although Bland’s great race for justice came to an end on July 10, 2020, when he passed from COVID-19 complications, his courageous spirit lives on through Serbino Sandifer-Walker, a journalism professor at TSU who recreates the march the pioneering students did in 1960 with present-day students every semester.
“Their story touched my heart and soul and inspired me to organize a commemorative service on the 50th anniversary of that first sit-in. It took me nearly two years of planning,” said Sandifer-Walker.
A Texas Historical Marker stands at the location of that first sit-in on Almeda Road, thanks Sandifer-Walker.
I am grateful to have met this superhero, and every day when I pass that marker at Almeda Road, I am reminded superheroes are real. Maybe, it is time for my generation to pick up the torch and reassemble a new team of superheroes to continue to fight for social justice. I will keep my eyes looking towards the sky as I walk down the Tiger Walk just in case a new John Bland rises.
“His legacy will always be remembered as fighting for justice and helping the underprivileged,” said Mrs. Betty Bland, Mr. Bland’s wife of more than 50 years.
■ This story was written to chronicle Houston’s Black history as part of a partnership between KTSU2, “The Voice”, and KPRC-TV, for Black History Month.
About the author
Chandrelle Lazard is a journalism major who aspires to be a public relations practitioner. She graduates from Texas Southern University in May.
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This is a method of creating unity around only one issue, so that disagreements on other issues do not make action and organization impossible. This is an easier way to start organizing politically. When people are in multiple such organizations and (start to?) more extensively agree with one another on multiple issues, they could then form more serious political parties (multi-issue groups). This then morphes into the o-3 method (perhaps).
It should be a fairly natural flow of events to debate something (o-0), to find an issue of agreement to form a single issue coalition (o-0B). To then work on that effort, which leads to finding more agreements with more people, and gives time and opportunity to debate more issues perhaps leading to more agreements. The buying fair trade (o-1) and building cooperative businesses and funds for them (o-2) can provide something to do outside of politics/ideology, which can lead to more unity and mutual confidence, while testing and experiencing more of the practice of these things.
For example someone hears about this whole DAVID system, they may reject it for some reason, but perhaps there is one issue of agreement. An often heard disagreement is the system of land distribution proposed here (although no real reasons are typically given, it is more of a rejection of the unknown). One issue agreement can then be used to create a single issue coalition (o-0B), or perhaps multiple one issue coalitions can be formed. Perhaps that is all that will happen, however what is wrong with trying to start a business ? Those who are more adventurous may like the idea, especially if there is little risk. Then they suddenly discover how amazing it would be, if they already had soil for free. Then they suddenly start to see reality.... and one thing might lead to the next .....
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NIEHS/EPA Children’s Environmental Health Centers: The UCSF Pregnancy Exposures to Environmental Chemicals (PEEC) Children's Center
Institution: University of California, San Francisco
Center Director: Tracey Woodruff
Project Period: July 2013 – June 2018
Project 1: How do endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impact the placenta?
Project 2: How does exposure to EDCs during pregnancy affect the child later in life?
Project 3: What are the cumulative effects of EDCs and maternal stress on child growth and development?
Keywords: BPA, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Flame Retardants, Growth, PFOA/PFOS, Preterm Birth, Stress
Most people are exposed to chemicals every day, some of which are harmful to health. Chemical exposures are amplified in babies and children due to rapid development. This center is working to determine the impacts of some of these hazardous chemicals to babies during pregnancy. Research will focus on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on child growth and development. EDCs interfere with the body’s natural hormones and can produce negative health effects. Common examples are Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), compounds that are found in virtually all pregnant women in the U.S. Researchers suspect that EDCs damage the placenta during pregnancy, affecting the health of the child. These health effects can be made worse by social stress on the mother during pregnancy.
Project Abstract and Annual Reports: The UCSF Pregnancy Exposures to Environmental Chemicals (PEEC) Children's Center
Center Website: Pregnancy Exposures to Environmental Chemicals (PEEC) Children's Center Exit
Project 1: Project 1: Modeling the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on the Early Stages of Human Placental Development
This project is studying the impact of EDCs on formation of the placenta. Specifically, they are investigating the effects of PBDEs, chemicals used as a flame retardant in common household items and PFOA, a chemical used as a water repellant in fabrics and leather. Researchers observe changes to the placenta during early fetal development as a result of exposure to these chemicals and determine the consequences of these changes.
Project Leaders: Susan Fisher, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco
Project 2: Mid-Gestational Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Effects on Placental Development
This project is investigating if exposures to EDCs negatively impact the placenta and affect child growth. Researchers measure levels of PBDEs, chemicals used as a flame retardant in common household items and PFCs, chemicals used in nonstick cookware in pregnant mothers and their babies. They also observe changes to the placenta during mid-development to determine if chemical exposures are having any effect.
Project Leaders: Tracey Woodruff, Ph.D., M.P.H., University of California, San Francisco
Project 3: Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Chronic Psychosocial Stress on Fetal Grow
Low birth weight is one of the most significant maternal-child health problems in the U.S. It can result in negative health effects across the life span and is common among certain racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Environmental and social factors may explain these trends, however the exact causes are unknown. Chronic stressors such as poverty, discrimination, lack of social support and income inequality are associated with adverse birth outcomes. This project is exploring whether chemical exposures during pregnancy affect birth weight and whether chronic stressors to the mother enhance the effects of chemical exposures on child growth.
Project Leader: Rachel Morello-Frosch, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
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September 15 marks three years since the United Arab Emirates normalised ties with Israel under a United States-brokered agreement known as the Abraham Accords.
The UAE became only the third Arab nation, after Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994), to establish diplomatic relations with Israel, ending a 25-year period without such ties.
list of 4 itemsend of list
Bahrain followed suit a month later and, in shortly afterwards, Sudan’s transitional government announced they would normalise relations – but the idea was rejected by several Sudanese political parties and was not finalised. Then in December, Morocco agreed to establish full diplomatic and trade relations with Israel and establish direct flights between the two countries.
The deals, brokered by the Trump administration, broke years of consensus among most Arab states which had maintained any official recognition of Israel should be contingent upon the cessation of the occupation of Palestinian territory and the establishment of a two-state solution based on the 1967 borders.
Egypt: In 1979, Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat signed a peace treaty with Israel that had been negotiated during President Jimmy Carter’s Camp David summit the previous year. According to the agreement, Israel would relinquish the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in exchange for Egypt’s full recognition of the Jewish state and the establishment of full diplomatic relations.Jordan: On October 26, 1994, King Hussein of Jordan and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin formally established peace during a ceremony witnessed by then-US President Bill Clinton. It came a year after the Oslo Peace Accords between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO).UAE: On September 15, 2020, US President Donald Trump together with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed agreements with Bahrain’s Foreign Minister Abdullatif al-Zayani and Emirati Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan.Morocco: On December 10, 2020, with the help of the US, Israel and Morocco agreed to establish full diplomatic and trade relations.Sudan: Although Sudan was part of the Abraham Accords, it has yet to finalise the signing of a normalisation treaty with Israel.
What are diplomatic relations between states?
Diplomatic relations between two nations involve the mutual recognition of each other’s sovereignty and government. This typically involves the exchange of ambassadors, bilateral agreements, economic ties and mutual cooperation.
Diplomatic relations and the conventions surrounding them are defined by international law and customs, which have evolved over time.
They have been codified in the 1961 United Nations Vienna Convention.
Trade between signatories of the Abraham Accords
Trade between Israel and the UAE surpassed $2.5bn in 2022 and reached $1.85bn in the first seven months of 2023 according to Reuters news agency.
In March 2023, a free trade agreement signed by Israel and the UAE came into effect, removing tariffs on about 96 percent of goods traded between the two. The deal aims to boost bilateral trade to more than $10bn over the next five years.
Trade with Bahrain was $8.5m in the same seven-month period. Israel opened its embassy in Bahrain on September 4 and an agreement between Israel and Bahrain’s central bank on fintech was signed a few days later.
Israeli-Moroccan bilateral trade has also increased over the past three years, with Israel announcing last year that it wanted to target an annual trade volume of $500m with Morocco.
The Israeli government has also considered recognising Morocco’s sovereignty over the disputed Western Sahara, which Morocco claims.
How do Arab citizens view normalising ties with Israel?
According to the results of a survey conducted by Arab Barometer, a research group based at Princeton University, most citizens across the MENA region reject the normalisation of relations between Arab states and Israel.
In a survey conducted between October 2021 and July 2022 with 26,000 participants living in 11 populous MENA countries, participants were asked the question: “To what extent do you favour or oppose the normalisation of relations between Arab states and Israel?”
In nine of the 11 countries surveyed, fewer than one in five said they supported normalisation agreements with Israel.
Algerians were most opposed to Israeli relations with only 4 percent in favour, followed by Egypt (5 percent), Jordan (5 percent), Palestine (6 percent), Libya (7 percent), Mauritania (8 percent), Tunisia (11 percent), Iraq (14 percent) and Lebanon (17 percent).
Roughly one in three Moroccans (31 percent) and 39 percent of Sudanese were in favour of normalisation with Israel.
Source: Al Jazeera
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Nov 1, 2023Thrips Management in Fall Lettuce is Important
Western flower thrips numbers are building and will likely continue as temperatures are ideal for thrips movement and development. It is important to minimize thrips development not only to prevent cosmetic damage to lettuce, but to minimize the spread of INSV. As expected, INSV infected plants have been found again in desert lettuce. We confirmed out first case for the 2023 fall season two weeks ago in organic romaine transplants in Tacna. This is almost the same time as the last 2 years (INSV was first confirmed in 2021 and 2022 in mid-Oct). Additionally, this week we confirmed the presence of INSV in another organic romaine field found a few miles away. Not surprising since the plants originated from Salinas where INSV outbreaks have been occurring the past 3 years. This past season, INSV was comparatively light in Salinas and we’re hoping that this translates to less virus coming into the desert on transplants. So far, we’ve yet to find any INSV infected plants in adjacent direct seeded lettuce. If experience tells us anything though, we can expect to find INSV in surrounding lettuce fields as the season progresses. However, to prevent or minimize further spread to adjacent fields, thorough management of thrips in infected lettuce is advised.
Historically, management of thrips was targeted at preventing damage caused by thrips feeding to marketable lettuce leaves. However, that changed with the discovery of INSV in desert lettuce. It’s important to understand how thrips infect lettuce plants with INSV. INSV infects lettuce two ways. The first is Primary infection where INSV infected thrips adults move into a lettuce field and begin feeding, simultaneously transmitting INSV to otherwise healthy plants. In theory, the greater the number of infected thrips moving into the field, the higher the incidence of primary infection. Secondary infection or spread occurs when populations colonize and thrips larvae acquire INSV by feeding on an infected plant, complete development and emerge as infected adults, capable of transmitting INSV throughout the field or nearby lettuce fields/weeds. Keep in mind, adults only transmit INSV, whereas only larvae acquire the virus from an infected plant. To minimize the areawide spread of INSV this fall and into next spring, PCAs should consider the following recommendations:
1. Early and aggressive spray timing in High-risk areas. It is advisable that PCAs preventatively treat lettuce fields early and aggressively in the following high-risk scenarios:
- Lettuce originating from Salinas should be treated before or shortly after transplanting.
- Direct-seeded lettuce fields grown next to, or near, lettuce fields where transplants originated from Salinas should be treated early and aggressively.
2. Focus on minimizing Secondary spread. Because adults can be difficult to control, prevent larvae from completing development to the adult stage and moving throughout the field. It’s hard to prevent primary infection from the outside but minimizing larvae populations should help suppress the secondary spread of INSV if it is present in the field.
3. Using Insecticides Differently. Consider incorporating the following approaches in your IPM programs:
- Adding Lannate or Torac with chemical thinners/smart sprays.
- Rotating Minecto Pro or Exirel with Radiant for Lep and/or whitefly control in fall lettuce
- Rotating Beleaf or Acephate with Movento when aphid control is needed.
- All these products have shown to provide control or suppression of western flower thrips larvae.
4. Test symptomatic plants at once. The earlier you confirm INSV in a field the better chance you have of reducing secondary spread within the field and, perhaps as important, to surrounding lettuce in the area. Immunostrip test kits are available, and the UA Diagnostic Plant Pathology Diagnostic Lab can confidentially confirm the presence of INSV on symptomatic plants.
For more information, please go to this link: Thrips and INSV Management in Desert LettuceTo contact John Palumbo go to: [email protected]
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Containment measures avoid 200,000 hospitalizations in Italy
Researchers have modeled the effects of containment and social distancing measures implemented by the Italian government to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Their findings show that contagion transmission was reduced by 45% in March. The model will now be used to analyze possible future scenarios.
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, mobility restrictions and social distancing measures implemented by the Italian government have avoided at least 200,000 hospitalizations and, over time, reduced contagion transmission by 45%. These findings were published recently in the journal PNAS. The paper is co-authored by Professor Andrea Rinaldo, who heads EPFL’s Laboratory of Ecohydrology (ECHO), and scientists from the Polytechnic University of Milan, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, the University of Zurich and the University of Padua.
“We can conclude that the drastic measures taken by the Italian government have had a decisive effect, preventing the country’s healthcare system from becoming overwhelmed,” say the authors.
Caption: Chart showing the expected number of hospitalizations under different scenarios. The baseline scenario shows the spread of the epidemic with all implemented containment measures in place. Scenario A reflects the February restrictions only, while scenario B corresponds to no restrictions. The maps show expected increases in hospitalizations by province over and above the baseline scenario. / M. Gatto et al., PNAS, 2020
The researchers modeled the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic – which has since been declared a pandemic – in Italy, looking at the number of people hospitalized with the disease and the number of reported deaths between the outbreak in Italy and an arbitrary cut-off date of 25 March. What makes this study both important and unique is its spatial resolution. The disease-spread geography is modeled in 107 provinces and metropolitan areas – the most granular level of detail available.
The team calibrated the model to account for human mobility, using census data from Italy’s National Institute of Statistics to estimate pre-epidemic mobility, and the findings of an independent study based on cell phone geolocation data to ascertain the extent to which the government-imposed restrictions had reduced people’s movements.
After confirming the model’s accuracy by comparing the map of infections with observed data, the researchers used it to study the effects of the early containment measures.
Caption: The map on the left shows the spread of the epidemic as simulated at the municipal scale. The other two maps show the geography of the epidemic as simulated by the model at the province scale (center) and as observed in data (right). / M. Gatto et al., PNAS, 2020
The model also suggested that as many as 600,000 people may have been infected with the coronavirus in Italy by 25 March, including many asymptomatic cases – well above the official figure of 74,386.
The researchers highlight the important role that infected but asymptomatic cases play in spreading the virus, calling for mass swab-testing campaigns to identify and isolate pre-symptomatic individuals. They also suggest that better contact tracing and localized restrictions could help stop the spread of the epidemic while limiting social and economic disruption.
Andrea Rinaldo, a recipient of a European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant Fellowship and a full professor at EPFL, has over a decade’s experience in epidemic modeling. His past research findings have been used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) to develop intervention strategies to limit the spread of cholera and other waterborne diseases.
Prof. Rinaldo was keen to get the COVID-19 study up and running as quickly as possible, so he reached out to colleagues who had previously worked at his lab. “I recruited former PhD students and postdocs and a visiting professor virtually overnight,” he explains. “By repurposing technologies we’d worked with in the past, we were able to develop the new model in next to no time. Our paper demonstrates that the model is a reliable evidence base for emergency planning. But that’s only the start. Our next step will be to use it to analyze future scenarios.”
Spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy: Effects of emergency containment measures. Marino Gattoa, Enrico Bertuzzo, Lorenzo Mari, Stefano Miccoli, Luca Carraro, Renato Casagrandi and Andrea Rinaldo. PNAS, 23 April 2020. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004978117
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Sensitive skin: myth or reality?
In Europe, the United States and Japan more than half the population reports suffering from sensitive skin. That fact alone warrants a better understanding of this condition, how to diagnose it, evaluate it, and treat it. Alchimie Forever’s heritage makes this topic particularly near and dear to my heart, as our origin was in post-procedure skin care, meaning the treatment of sensitized skin.
Men or women?
We women are more sensitive than men overall, that is common knowledge… and as a result, we typically report sensitive skin more often than men do. While this was previously thought to be due to the fact that our epidermis is slightly thinner than that of men, and due to specific hormonal differences, recent objective testing has found that sensitive skin is just as prevalent for men as it is for women.
What is sensitive skin?
We can define sensitive skin as a hyper reactive response of the skin to an external source that results in inflammation. The source of irritation can be environmental conditions, cleaning products, personal care products, clothing, or anything that comes in contact with the skin. The symptoms concerned are often one or a combination of the following sensations: itching, burning, erythema (redness), tingling, flaking (scaling), tightness, and dryness.
Causes of Sensitive Skin
So why is sensitive skin… so sensitive? An exaggerated response to an external source may be caused by a compromise in the skin barrier’s protective function: specifically, a thinner stratum corneum and reduced corneocyte area. A thinner barrier makes it easier for water soluble chemicals to quickly traverse the stratum corneum and cause irritation, making the skin more sensitive than normal to environmental factors.
Neural transmission and structural changes to receptors in the epidermis can also contribute to sensitive skin. A study shows that all sensitive skin, when compared to non-sensitive skin, was found to have more nerve growth factors in the stratum corneum.2 This could explain hypersensitivity even when the skin’s barrier appears intact: sensory neurons are activated and we see an inflammatory response.
Evaluating Sensitive Skin
At times, sensitive skin symptoms are easily detectable, such as in the case of redness or scaling, but sometimes symptoms like burning, tingling and a sensation of tightness can be difficult to evaluate and quantify. Because of the presence of symptoms that are difficult to evaluate, sensitive skin is often a self-diagnosed condition, which does not make it any less serious (indeed, studies show that self-perceived symptoms of hyper-reactivity reliably precede the appearance of clinical signs). Apart from self perception, clinical assessment of redness, dryness, discoloration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hydration, as well as engineering methods of Doppler flowmetry can be used to evaluate skin sensitivity. However, when there are no observable clinical signs, it can be a challenge to quantify and evaluate sensitive skin. This is one of the key reasons why this subject is not yet fully understood.
Sensitive Skin vs. Sensitized Skin
Many people who report having sensitive skin may in fact have sensitized skin. The difference is in genetics. People with sensitive skin have a genetically thinner or compromised stratum corneum barrier, which makes them more sensitive to factors that normal skin is protected from.
Sensitized skin is rather a result of external influences damaging the skin’s protective barrier, or of chronic exposure to damaging conditions wearing down the skin’s natural protection. A sensitized condition is a temporary state of sensitivity that can be reversed by ceasing exposure to the irritant and creating an ideal environment in terms of moisture and temperature so that the skin can restore its protective barrier.
A genetically sensitive condition is permanent and irreversible; exposure to provoking factors should be limited in order to avoid irritation. Extra steps should also be taken to protect sensitive skin.
Sensitive Skin vs. Irritated Skin
Sensitive skin is a condition, irritated skin is the result. Sensitive and sensitized skin can result in irritation. Irritated skin can be caused by any physical or chemical factor damaging the skin.
Sensitive Skin and Age
Children tend to have generally more sensitive skin than adults; their protective skin barrier is thinner and becomes thicker as they age. However, adults are chronically subject to conditions that can lead to sensitization with age.
Factors provoking irritation of Sensitive Skin
There are a variety of factors that have been found to provoke sensitive skin irritation. These factors affect people differently and irritation can result from a chronic or acute exposure.
- Household or Self Care Products or Treatments: alcohol, soaps, dyes, abrasive and harsh products, aggressive cosmetic treatments and more.
- Environmental: cold, heat, frequent and significant changes between temperatures, pollution, dryness in the air, indoor heating or air conditioning.
- Lifestyle: Emotions, stress.
Managing Sensitive Skin
There is no standard treatment for sensitive skin, it is a genetic condition and irritation is due to so many different factors. But there are some ways to protect and avoid irritation.
- Avoiding exposure to provoking factors.
- Using anti-irritant products that have a cooling, soothing, anti-inflammatory, or healing effect helps repair the skin barrier to its unique optimal state (my favorite is the Kantic+ intensely nourishing cream).
- Protecting your sensitive skin year-round with UVA and UVB sunscreen. I love our Protective day cream SPF 23 and its lightweight texture.
(Thank you to my fabulous Geneva intern Rachel for your help researching this blog post; references available upon request.)
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[you think] the speaker is about to say.
7. Do not dwell on one or two points at the expense of others.
8. Delay judgment until you have heard everything.
9. Be objective.
10. Do not be trying to think of your next question while the other person is still giving information.
Empathic listening involves attempting to understand the feelings and emotions of the speaker. The pre-requisite for empathetic listening is, empathy!
Empathy is the ability to see the world as another person does, to share and understand another person’s feelings, needs, concerns and/or emotional state.
Empathy is largely dependent on high emotional intelligence, and even if you don’t have much of either, the good news is it can be learned if you are self-aware and interested.
Empathy is not the same as sympathy, it involves more than being compassionate or feeling sorry for somebody else – it involves a deeper connection – a realization and understanding of another person’s point of view. It also is enhanced with real experience: to have actually experienced the same situation as the other generates true empathy.
Empathetic listening is a selfless act – it enables us to learn more about the person we are dealing with and the nature of the relationship. Phrases such as ‘I understand what you are going through’ (if it’s true), accompanied by friendly supportive facial expressions, even touch, imply empathy – it helps form a state of connection with another person or group of people.
To listen empathetically you must try to put yourself into the speaker’s shoes and share their likely experience, thoughts and feelings. It requires patience, lots of patience. To listen empathetically you have to suspend your cognitive brain and resist driving to solutions while the other is still trying to get their story out. (This may be especially hard for men to do, apparently.) Empathetic listening is perhaps the most advanced of all communication skills. Even if you lack deep empathetic listening skills – as a therapist might – a little goes a long way.
So if you expect to communicate with tact and diplomacy hone your listening skills, active, and especially empathetic.
If you are interested in exploring these ideas further AFS Consulting has a program for you delivered in one-on-one coaching modality: Mastering the Art of Tact and Diplomacy. Check it out here: https://afsconsulting.ca/executive-coaching/communicating-with-tact-diplomacy/
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Farmers face a balancing act when deciding how much fertilizer to apply. Applying too much wastes money and adds to nutrient runoff problems. Applying too little reduces yields.
Agricultural Research Service scientists in Temple, Texas, have found a way to help get it just right, maximizing profits, minimizing costs, and saving water bodies from unwanted nutrient runoff. They have developed a test that accurately portrays soil health by determining the levels of naturally occurring nitrogen and other nutrients.
Traditional methods for determining fertilizer needs are based on soil tests developed in the 1960s, which measure the amount of nitrate in the soil. But these tests don’t account for the contributions of soil microbes. The microbes play a key role because they mineralize organic nitrogen and phosphate and make them more available to the crop. As a result, farmers often apply more fertilizer than the plants actually need, adding to their costs and causing unnecessary nutrient runoff.
“The problem is that conventional tools are not measuring the right soil characteristics. They test for inorganic nitrogen in the form of nitrate, but that’s just one form of nitrogen available to the plant,” says Richard Haney, a soil scientist with the ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory in Temple.
Haney has developed a more integrated approach. Known as the “Soil Health Tool” or “Haney test” in commercial laboratories, it involves drying and rewetting soil and analyzing it in ways that account for microbial activity and measure both nitrate and ammonium, plus an organic form of nitrogen. It also measures organic carbon and other nutrients, in part by replicating some of the natural processes that occur in a field.
The drying and rewetting mimics what happens in the field before and after a rain. Nutrients and other compounds are extracted from the soil samples with both a water-based solution and a solution known as “H3A,” which has the organic acids that plant roots use to acquire nutrients from the soil. Growers who use the process receive a spreadsheet that shows the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium available to plants, based on results extracted by both the water- and H3A-based solutions. Results also include measurements of water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble organic nitrogen, and soil microbial activity, and they provide a calculation of soil health and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (a key in how much organic nitrogen is released). Organic carbon and organic nitrogen are natural byproducts of microorganisms breaking down the soil. Growers can use the results to determine fertilizer needs.
Savings for Farmers
The Soil Health Tool works for any crop produced with nitrogen or other nutrient fertilizers. Haney has made it available to commercial and university soil-testing laboratories, worked with farmers to promote it, and published several papers detailing its mechanics. The research is funded in part by the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Boardand the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service. This enhanced soil-testing process is now offered by laboratories in Maine, Nebraska, and Ohio. It adds to the time and costs for a soil test, but farmers have learned that in the long run it saves on fertilizer costs.
David Brandt, who farms 1,200 acres in Carroll, Ohio, started using Haney’s system 3 years ago to estimate the amounts of nitrogen he needed to apply to his corn, soybeans, and wheat fields. He also used it to estimate his phosphorus and potash fertilizer needs.
“I estimate that it’s saved us at least 25 percent in nutrient costs,” he says. “The readings were more accurate than other soil tests we had run, and we either maintained or increased our yields.”
On average, fertilizer costs are reduced by about $10 to $15 per acre by adopting the system, Haney says. With less fertilizer being applied, there is also less nutrient runoff into rivers and bays.
“This means that less of the nutrients are going into the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, and other waterways, where they have been contributing to algae blooms year after year,” Haney says.
Works Well With No-Till, Cover Crops
Another problem with conventional soil tests is that they are based on tilled systems used from the 1940s through the 1960s, so they often fall short in providing estimates in cover-crop and no-till systems, which create entirely different soil profiles. Haney’s system is able to measure the effects of cover crops and no-till practices. “We can develop a soil health calculation and suggest a cover crop mix,” Haney says.
Brandt found that the results helped him understand the contributions made by his cover crops. “We knew they were helping, but we never understood why. This new information gave us a better understanding of what was going on in terms of nutrients in the soil,” Brandt says. He used the information to adjust his mix of cover crops and get a better ratio of carbon and nitrogen, a critical factor in soil health. “It’s helped us to pick the right cover crops to utilize in the field,” he says.
In a 4-year field study conducted with Daren Harmel, research leader of the laboratory in Temple, Haney evaluated the enhanced soil-testing method in fields of wheat, corn, oats, and grain sorghum at nine sites in Texas. They applied fertilizer at traditional rates or at the amounts dictated by the Haney soil tests, and they left some plots unfertilized. They planted and harvested on the same dates at each site and kept track of fertilizer costs, crop prices, and overall profits.
They found that the enhanced method reduced fertilizer use by 30 to 50 percent and reduced fertilizer costs by up to 39 percent. The enhanced method had little effect on corn production profits, but increased profits 7 to 18 percent in wheat, oat, and sorghum fields. The results were published in the Open Journal of Soil Science in June 2013.
“We’re asking farmers to think about what they’re putting on the soil and whether it is necessary. It involves a new way of thinking, but fertilizer costs are rising, so the idea is attracting more interest,” Haney says.—By Dennis O'Brien, Agricultural Research Service Information Staff.
This research is part of Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions, an ARS national program (#212) described at www.nps.ars.usda.gov.
"Reducing Fertilizer Needs by Accounting for Soil Microbes" was published in the July 2014 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.
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By: Elicia Pinsonault, New England Dairy
With improvements in breeding, animal health, and farm management practices, the environmental impact of producing a gallon of milk has shrunk significantly in recent decades. Today, dairy makes up approximately two percent of total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. Despite this progress, dairy – and animal agriculture as a whole – is often shouldered with a large part of the blame when it comes to climate change.
New England Dairy is hosting “Rethinking Methane: Animal Agriculture’s Path to Climate Neutrality”, a webinar led by Dr. Frank Mitloehner on May 23, 2023, from 2-3 p.m.
Dr. Mitloehner is a professor and air quality specialist in cooperative extension in the Department of Animal Science at University of California-Davis. He is also the director of the CLEAR Center.
After this webinar, attendees will be able to identify different greenhouse gases and their impact on the environment, discuss agriculture’s impact on climate change, and identify scalable solutions used in animal agriculture to fight climate change.
Register online at www.newenglanddairy.com/continuing-education
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It can be difficult to know if someone is ready for therapy, as the decision to seek therapy is a personal one that can be influenced by many factors. However, there are some signs that may indicate that someone is ready to begin therapy:
1. They are motivated to make changes: If someone is motivated to make changes in their life, they may be more likely to benefit from therapy. This motivation can come from a variety of sources, such as a desire to improve their mental health, address relationship issues, or work through past trauma.
2. They are open to the idea of therapy: If someone is open to the idea of therapy and willing to try it out, they may be more likely to benefit from the process. This openness can be a sign that they are ready to explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a safe and supportive environment.
3. They are experiencing significant distress: If someone is experiencing significant distress, such as anxiety, depression, or trauma-related symptoms, they may be more likely to benefit from therapy. This distress can be a sign that they are ready to seek help and support in addressing their mental health concerns.
4. They have a support system in place: If someone has a support system in place, such as family members or friends who are supportive and understanding, they may be more likely to benefit from therapy. This support can help them navigate the therapy process and provide additional resources and encouragement.
5. They are willing to commit to the process: If someone is willing to commit to the therapy process, attending regular sessions and participating actively in the process, they may be more likely to benefit from therapy. This commitment can be a sign that they are ready to work through their issues and make positive changes in their life.
Overall, the decision to seek therapy is a personal one, and it is important to respect an individual's autonomy and choices. However, if someone is displaying some of these signs, it may be a good indication that they are ready to begin the therapy process. How did you know it was time to start seeking out therapy and mental health treatment?
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Amethyst is a semiprecious stone and is the traditional birthstone for February. Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz whose primary hues from a light pinkish violet to a deep purple are often used in jewelry. The color of amethyst is from iron impurities.
•The name comes from the Ancient Greek “amethystos” which directly translates to “not drunk”, a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness.
•Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.
•Medieval European soldiers wore amethyst amulets as protection in battle in the belief that amethysts heal people and keep them cool-headed. Beads of amethyst were found in Anglo-Saxon graves in England.
•Western Christian bishops wear an episcopal ring often set with an amethyst, an allusion to the description of the Apostles as "not drunk" at Pentecost in Acts 2:15.
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In this feature (based on WALS feature 91, by Matthew S. Dryer), we look at the order of degree words (adverbial modifiers) such as 'very', 'a little' and 'more', with respect to an attributive or predicative adjective. A language may have multiple values if different degree words occur in different positions. One language has a degree modifier that simultaneously precedes and follows the adjactive.
|Degree word precedes adjective||32||35||67|
|Degree word follows adjective||8||35||43|
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|Id||Primary text||Analyzed text||Gloss||Translation||Type||Language||Audio||Details|
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What is Rising Damp?
Rising damp occurs when moisture from the ground travels up through a brick wall by capillary action. Meaning that water below the ground is sucked up a wall through the tiny spaces within bricks. The water also carries with it salts and minerals from the ground.
Other porous building materials, such as plaster and timber absorb the groundwater which further affects the wall that is suffering rising damp. Rising damp that affects timber can cause further structural damage and will require specialist treatment to avoid worsening conditions or costly renovations.
This type of damp has specific symptoms that can be seen on affected internal and external walls. Loose plaster and wallpaper, a stain with a definitive tide mark and salts blooming on the surface can be common signs. However, rising damp is often misdiagnosed as visual evidence and moisture meter readings are interpreted incorrectly. Indeed, some believe rising damp to be a complete hoax.
Is Rising Damp a Myth?
Unfortunately it is the case that there are unethical damp control companies that intentionally misdiagnose rising damp in order to sell expensive damp treatments. However, this doesn’t mean that rising damp is a myth and should be ignored as an underlying condition of a building’s damp problem.
You will most likely find authors condemning the term rising damp by saying it simply doesn’t exist. One of the main commentators of this view is Stephen Boniface, former chairman of the construction arm of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). The argument for and against the existence of rising damp is a long-standing one and still continues.
The fundamental reasoning behind this debate is the common misdiagnosis of sign damp, often delivered by unqualified and inexperienced surveyors. This leads to the wrong damp control treatment. There is, however, scientific and academic research proving its existence as well as case studies in which rising damp treatment has helped alleviate a damp problem. and APP has over 30 years of damp control diagnosis, and we’d always suggest you contact a specialist you can trust and who can get to the core of your damp issue.
How to stop rising damp?
Tide marks on internal walls are usually the first signs of rising damp in your home. A tide mark is a water stain on the wall that has a clear line that stops where the rising water reaches in your wall. These tide marks are mostly about a metre above the skirting board, but can be seen higher in some cases.
Brickwork and masonry containing a high ratio of fine pores will lead to a higher rise of water than denser brickwork. Pore structure of your brickwork and rate of evaporation determine the height the tide marks on your internal walls could reach.
You may also see paint bubble and a powdery white deposit on the surface of the walls. This is caused because the water often brings with it salts from the ground that are left once the water evaporates. Sulphates form crusty white stains, whereas hygroscopic salts (nitrates and chlorides) continue to suck moisture. Rising damp with evidence of hygroscopic salt should be treated as soon as possible.
The cause of rising damp?
There is usually some form of barrier in place in the majority of buildings that prevent water from rising up through the brickwork. This barrier is called a damp proof course (DPC) and they can be made out of non-absorbent, water-resistant materials. The material that the damp proof course is made from is dependent on the period of the property and can range from slate, bitumen and plastic. In older houses, these DPCs may not even be installed at all.
DPC, such as the above, can sometimes fail over time and this can lead to water making its way up your wall. The DPC could still be undamaged, but could still be bridged. This is where a construction fault allows water to bypass the damp proofing and continue up the wall.
Treating rising damp on internal walls
The capillary action of the brickwork, as discussed above, is responsible for rising damp in internal walls. This will occur as a result of damaged or non-existent DPC in the wall itself. So, before any work to treat rising damp can begin the skirting board needs to be removed. Damaged plaster will also need to be removed especially if it has been affected by salt.
A remedial DPC can now be injected into the exposed brickwork, meaning we can target the problem area. Holes will need to be drilled into the the mortar course that is 150mm above the exterior ground level. After the holes have been prepared the damp proof course injections can be administered.
Rising Damp Solutions
Damp walls will damage plaster, wall paper, paints and skirting boards. The core of the damp problem needs to be rectified before cosmetic repairs are undertaken. The most economical way to treat rising damp and the best way to reduce damp proofing costs is with a damp proofing injection cream.
The cream is injected into the affected walls and once it enters the wall it turns into a liquid. The liquid then penetrates the brickwork pores, cures and hardens. This chemical DPC creates a strong, water-repellent barrier, stopping water from rising up the wall.
A less cost effective rising damp treatment is to install a new damp proof course membrane. This involves removing the bricks around the affected area and replacing the DPC with a new physical membrane.
If you have a bridged damp proof course then you will need to remove or fix the issue that is causing the bridge. For example, if the external ground level is too high then you will need to dig a trench at least 6 inches below the current DPC. But make sure to not let the new trench collect water as this may cause further damp issues.
Carrying out quick-fixes, like painting over damaged decor, or re-pointing brickwork will only lead to bigger damp control problems in the future. You will need to continually re-paint and the damp walls will continue to degrade further.
We always recommend seeking the advice of trusted damp control specialists like APP Protect for an honest evaluation of your damp problems.
Rising Damp FAQ
Our surveyors are qualified to Certified Surveyor of Timber and Dampness in Buildings (CSTDB) and Certificated Surveyor in Structural Waterproofing (CSSW) standard. This is the industry standard accreditation administered by the Property Care Association.
No. This is one of the most pervasive myths in our industry. It is probably a hang-over from a time when the chemicals employed to treat damp and timber problems were solvent based. We switched to water-based chemicals about 25 years ago and there are no odour problems associated with these.
We’re Ready To Help You
Please get in touch with our friendly team today and we can get the ball rolling on your project sooner than you think.
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Hello everyone I hope you are best and doing well. I am m3ta_c1ph4r back with another writeup but this time I am doing a walkthrough of one tool named Vim!!. Yeah most of the people knows that it is only a text editor but it is more than that.
So there is one room in TryHackme name “Toolbox: Vim”. So today we are going to solve this room.
So there are three basic modes in Vim:
- Command mode is where you can run commands. This is the default mode in which Vim starts up
- Insert mode is where you insert i.e. write the text
- Visual mode is where you visually select a bunch of text so that you can run a command/operation only on that part of the text.
Question 1:-How do we enter “INSERT” mode?
I think you have installed vim. So before giving the answer let’s see help. Type :help and then you will see a help of vim.
So this is vim help and in this you can see for entering into insert mode you have to type i.
Question 2:-How do we start entering text into our new Vim document?
So after entering into input mode what you can do now?
Question 3:-How do we return to command mode?
Answer_3:-esc. Press esc key for changing the mode.
Question 4:-How do we move the cursor left?
Answer_4:-Press h for moving cursor left in command mode. You can use left arrow key also.
Question 5:-How do we move the cursor right?
Answer_5:-Press l for moving cursor right in command mode.
Question 6:-How do we move the cursor up?
Answer_6:-Press k for moving cursor up in command mode.
Question 7:- How do we move the cursor down?
Answer_7:-Press j for moving cursor down in command mode.
Question 8:-How do we jump to the start of a word?
So you have to move cursor to the word and then press w. You will see the cursor is at starting of the word and if you add word in between them.
Question 9:-How do we jump to the end of a word?
Question 10:-How do we insert (before the cursor)?
Answer_10:-i (insert mode)
Question 11:-How do we insert (at the beginning of the line?)
Question 12:-How do we append (after the cursor)
Question 13:-How do we append (at the end of the line)
Question 14:-How do we make a new line under the current line?
Answer_14:-o(this is going to help you a lot)
In this task You will get some answers in the help.
Question 1:-How do we write the file, but don’t exit?
Question 2:-How do we write the file, but don’t exit- as root?
Answer_2:-:w !sudo tee %
Question 3:-How do we write and quit?
Question 4:-How do we quit?
Question 5:-How do we force quit?
Question 6:-How do we save and quit, for all active tabs?
Question 1:-How do we copy a line?
Question 2:-how do we copy 2 lines?
Question 3:-How do we copy to the end of the line?
Question 4:-How do we paste the clipboard contents after the cursor?
Question 5:-How do we paste the clipboard contents before the cursor?
Question 6:-How do we cut a line?
Question 7:-How do we cut two lines?
Question 8:-How do we cut to the end of the line?
Question 9:-How do we cut a character?
Question 1:-How do we search forwards for a pattern (use “pattern” for your answer)
Question 2:-How do we search backwards for a pattern (use “pattern” for your answer)
Question 3:-How do we repeat this search in the same direction?
Answer_3:-n (this is quite helpful I think)
Question 4:-How do we repeat this search in the opposite direction?
Question 5:-How do we search for “old” and replace it with “new”
Question 6:-How do we use “grep” to search for a pattern in multiple files?
Answer_6:-:vimgrep (so you have to add word after this like “ :vimgrep hello”)
Make sure that you don’t use the commands in insert mode otherwise they will behave as text. Press esc before typing any command.
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An Electromagnetic Field (EMF) is a kind of energy that is generated through electrical charging of objects; their presence is certain in the human environment. It is usually in the form of waves or particles like radio waves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, microwaves, visible light and X-rays. Emission of electromagnetic radiation is evident with the use of phones, Wi-Fi routers and laptops as it is in the envelope from power lines, electrical appliances and other electrical energy sources.
Direct exposure to high EMF radiation has been medically confirmed to have adverse health effects. They include risk of cancer, reproductive problems and neurological disorders. However, experts are yet to figure out exactly how the radiation causes harm to human health. Reduction of the exposure risk to EMF radiation therefore requires certain precautions which include usage of protective cases that block the radiation, reduced use of electronic devices, and staying distant from sources of the radiation like power lines.
There are health damages attached to the radiation.
Use of electronic devices, compared to other countries, is rampant in Nigeria. There are more than 140 million active phone lines across the country, making it one of the highest phone users in the world. As a result, many Nigerians risk exposure to high levels of EMF radiation every day. Differing from environmental hazards like air pollution, water contamination and climate change, the risks associated with EMF radiation are not rapidly visible. Therefore, many Nigerians are oblivious of its risks and unable to take necessary precautions to protect their health.
Ongoing research projects and debates are working on finding out potential health damages of the radiation. Regardless of the ongoing research, there are evidences that revealed health problems linked to exposure to EMF radiation. One of such health dangers is increased risk of some kinds of cancer — leukemia, brain cancer and lymphoma. Neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis is also linked to exposure. Other health damages include sleep disturbances, reproductive problems, headaches and dizziness.
EMF defense bracelet protects against radiation.
There are certain steps that should be taken as protection from the radiation. The most effective protective means is usage of EMF protection with defense bracelet. Avoidance of holding phone close to the ear for long hours and practice of headset or speakerphones while making phone calls is recommended. Limiting exposure to electronic devices, especially in the night because they emit blue light that are capable of disrupting sleep patterns. Anti-radiation phone cases and EMF blocking clothing should be invested in.
Religious practice of aforementioned steps would help individuals understand the risk of EMF radiation and protect their health and wellbeing. EMF defense bracelet, an effective protective measure, is a wearable accessory that is created as protection against dangerous effects of the radiation. The bracelet emits a negative ion field that is capable of neutralizing the positive ions generated by electronic devices. Reducing the negative effects of the radiation, the bracelet boosts overall health and wellbeing of users.
A study is still being conducted concerning its health risks.
Additionally, improvement of focus and concentration when using electronic devices for extended periods has been reported by users as one of the functions of the bracelet. It also helps in enhancement of moods and reduction of stress levels. Although a study is still being carried out concerning the adverse health damages linked with EMF radiation, it is necessary that people gather understanding on the risk so as to enable them take necessary precautions like keeping electronic devices at a safe distance when in use.
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Helping Your Child Achieve a Healthy Weight
Three studies reveal ways to help kids get to healthier weights.
Childhood obesity is growing at an alarming rate, but experts say parents are more powerful than they imagine at helping kids fight the problem.
About 17 percent of US children and teens, ages two to 19, are overweight, according to the US National Center for Health Statistics.
But three studies presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting offer ways to help kids get to healthier weights.
Helping your child have good self-esteem can motivate him or her to lose weight, found Kiti Freier, Ph.D., a pediatric psychologist at Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, Calif.
When she interviewed 118 overweight children participating in a 12-week program, she found that good self-image was even more important than how much excess weight they carried in predicting whether they were ready to lose excess weight.
"Their readiness to change relates to whether they felt supported, not how big they were," she says.
The message for parents of overweight children is clear: Do not point out how overweight they are. Instead, try something like this: "We love you so much. We want you to be healthy and have a long life," says Dr. Freier. Then offer them a plan and support.
The second study revealed that parents may have the mistaken belief that a child is not overweight when he or she actually is overweight.
Dr. Elena Fuentes-Afflick, at the University of California San Francisco, tracked the attitudes of Latina mothers with preschool-age children on their children's weight.
She analyzed data from interviews with 194 women and children taking part in the Latino Health Project.
The women were recruited during pregnancy and then interviewed annually for three years.
By the time they were three years old, more than 43 percent of the children were statistically overweight.
But, "in the group of kids overweight by our measure, three-quarters of those mothers thought their child's weight was just fine," says Dr. Fuentes-Afflick.
"We are living in a society where two-thirds of adults in the US are overweight or obese," says Dr. Fuentes-Afflick. "What concerns me is the risk that we are normalizing overweight body images."
In a third study, mothers in families where food is sometimes scarce due to money problems have a tendency to give their children high-calorie foods to boost overall calories or foods to stimulate the appetite.
These two practices should be avoided if they want their child to remain at a healthy weight, says Emily Feinberg, an expert at Boston University School of Public Health.
In her study, Feinberg interviewed 248 mothers of normal and overweight African-American and Haitian children, ages two to 12.
She found that 28 percent of them had shortages of food from time to time.
When that happened, 43 percent used nutritional drinks such as high-calorie instant breakfast drinks, and 12 percent used substances to stimulate appetite, such as traditional Haitian teas.
Feinberg says this was a well-meaning effort to be sure the children got adequate nutrition.
Instead, Feinberg says, these low-income mothers should "try in general not to focus as much on calories but on the quality of the diet. Instead of a nutritional drink supplement, we would recommend increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables."
The studies provide valuable information for researchers and parents, according to Connie Diekman, a registered dietitian and director of university nutrition at Washington University in St. Louis.
The study relating a child's self-esteem to their readiness to lose weight also makes sense, comments Diekman.
"Self-esteem is a major factor in the establishment of healthy behaviors and [a lack of it] can contribute to overeating and eating disorders," she says.
The second study confirms the key role mothers play in determining what a child eats and weighs, says Diekman.
Finally, the last study on scarce food, "provides some support to why the prevalence [of overweight] is higher" in poorer populations, she says.
Always consult your physician for more information.
- MUSC Children's Hospital (St. Petersburg, Fl.) press release
Staff, H. (2008, December 4). Helping Your Child Achieve a Healthy Weight, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2023, November 28 from https://www.healthyplace.com/parenting/eating-disorders/helping-your-child-achieve-a-healthy-weight
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Forage for Pollinators: Nectar and Pollen is produced and foraged by Honeybees, Bumblebees both long and short-tongued, Solitary bees and flies. The pollen is especially sought after in autumn when there are few sources of pollen available. Sunflowers are rarely self-pollinated and most need pollen transferred to them from other sunflowers. Seed yield of sunflower crops is significantly increased by taking honeybee colonies to them. There are also extrafloral nectaries in bracts and upper leaves.
Flowering time: July, August, September.
Growing information: ANNUAL growing to 3 m (9ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in). Open-pollinated, organic variety. Hardy to minus 17ºC. This can be a major source of nectar and pollen in warmer climates than the UK, such as France, yielding 30-100 pounds of honey per acre, and 200-250 pounds of pollen. Increasingly being grown here in the UK on field-scale for game cover and bird-seed, and this must be of great benefit to bees when organically grown. The oil of sunflower seeds contains between 44 – 72% linoleic acid, 24% protein and a whole array of vitamins and minerals. Sowing rate: 10 kg per acre (25 kg/ha, 2.5 g/m²). The annual sunflower is best sown under cover in pots (in the greenhouse in spring March/April) and planted out after danger of frost has passed, and as soon as it is big enough to sustain slug attacks. On a field-scale it is best sown after all risk of frost has passed (from around mid April, depending on how far north you are). Sow into well prepared friable soil, by hand is possible just broadcast at the approximate sowing rate, then do a pass with shallow tines, to bury the seeds approximately 2-3 cm and then roll for good seed/soil contact. Or direct drill. Bird-scarers may be necessary to prevent decimation of seedlings. Many varieties have been bred, but we stock just the tall, Giant Yellow variety Giant Yellow sunflower, and this, the agricultural ‘Peredovick’ which is a shorter, multi-headed variety
We currently only sell our own organic ‘Giant Yellow’ Sunflower seed
Photo by Stefan Stüber from FreeImages
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Do bees have ears? Just another question about bees that may have crossed our minds.
A bee’s anatomy tells a fascinating story. But for this post, we turn our focus first on the bee’s head to find the answer to that question.
The Bee’s Head
Now that we have a good look at a bee’s head, we can say that bees don’t have ears. But this does not mean that they are deaf and cannot hear. Despite the lack of auditory organs, bees can hear and respond well to sounds.
A study on the hearing capabilities of bees conducted by Towne and Kirchner in 1989 showed that bees hear by detecting the movement of air particles and airborne sounds.
How do Bees hear Without Ears?
So, what do the bees use to detect these sounds if they do not have ears?
Scientists and bee enthusiasts seem to be in consensus that bees detect vibroacoustic signals and sounds using their legs and antennae.
The Bee’s Antennae
The bee’s antennae are composed of several segments.
The first segment at the base of the bee’s head is the scape. Its main function is to firmly hold the antennae to the head of the bee.
Then, there is the second segment, called the pedicel. It is an elbow-like joint in the bee’s antennae.
The third set of segments is the flagellum. These are the segments after the pedicel to the end of the antennae.
The Johnston’s Organ
A bee has a Johnston’s organ located in the pedicel. This organ is a set of sensory cells that function in collecting sound vibrations. These sensory cells detect movement in the flagellum. The Johnston’s organ then receives the mechanical vibrations in the flagellum and conveys the sound information to the brain.
This is a classic example of the reception of an air-borne vibration. When bees flap their wings and buzz about, air movements are received by the antennae and interpreted by the brain.
The Curious Case of Honey Bees
The Honey Bee’s Legs
Honeybees have subgenual organs found in the tibia of a bee’s legs. A honeybee’s subgenual organs receive substrate vibrations.
The vibrations are then transmitted as nerve impulses to the bee’s central nervous system and the brain to convey the message.
This process is referred to as the reception of sound through substrate-borne vibration.
Sound waves travel through the medium they are on (for example, the wood they are perching on). The vibration through the wood is received by the subgenual organs of the legs.
The Waggle Dance
Honey bees communicate through dance moves known as the “Waggle Dance.” This happens when a scout bee finds a flower with an abundance of pollen and nectar for food. Of course, the more nectar they can gather, the more honey they can produce.
This honey bee moves its abdomen in a waggle and vibrates its wings. The dancing bee would communicate the flower’s location to hive mates and worker bees by waggle dancing. This dance would create airborne sound signals that would call on other members of the colony to come and gather their fill.
A dancing honey bee emits an air vibration that directs the other bees to the location of the target flower. The waggle dance also informs the other bees of the distance of the flower from the hive.
Their sense of sound detection seems to be sensitive enough to identify movements in air particles within a few millimeters of a sound-emitting dancer. These vibroacoustic signals reach the bee, which makes them respond to them just like hearing a sound.
And this is how bees detect the sound frequency and respond to them. Hence, despite the lack of ears, bees can hear with their legs and antennae.
While this is true with honeybees, we cannot say the same applies to bumblebees and other bee species.
Further studies are being conducted to determine the applicability of study results conducted on honey bees to bumblebees and other bees.
That’s one more difference between bumble bees and honey bees. So when you see honey bees waggle dancing, don’t bother joining in, as it might just disturb them.
How Well can Bees hear?
Depending on their frequency or cycles per second, sound waves are measured in Hertz (Hz). When bees flap their wings and buzz around, they create airborne sounds.
Honey bees, when performing their waggle dance, also emit sound waves. This is how honey bees detect sound frequencies and communicate with each other.
These bees are observed to create vibrations with a frequency as low as below 10 Hz and as high as around 1000 Hz.
Experiments have also shown that honey bees can detect sound vibrations for up to 500 Hertz.
Bees do not have ears. But our industrious six-legged friends are definitely not deaf. Unlike human hearing, bees do not need ears to hear. They can hear by sensing vibrations and air particle movements around them.
Interestingly, bees have sensitive chordotonal organs in their antennae and legs (for honeybees). These organs are mechanoreceptors that act as stimuli receptors and convey them as neural impulses.
There is no rule in science that all animals should receive sound through their ears.
Sounds are mere vibrations that become acoustic waves as they travel through transmission mediums such as air. Once it has been received, these sound waves are transmitted into the brain, where it is interpreted.
This basic explanation of the process of sound reception applies to bees. Instead of receiving the sound wave through their ears, they use their antennae and legs (in the case of honey bees) in sound reception.
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Tiered Lesson Plan Template. S tate one or two goals that all students will understand after the lesson is over. 1 brief description school description:
Approved programs for tiers 1, 2, and 3 Melanie kennison tiered lesson plan page 1 tiered lesson (differentiated by readiness) name & student number: Tiered lesson plan template lesson topic.
Figure Out Who Used Trading Posts.
This lesson is tiered according to: If you don't know where you're going (or have a plan for getting there), you won't be able to effectively support students. When i’m creating a tiered lesson plan, i begin by filling out the top part.
You Have The Ability To Differentiate Using A Three (3) Tier Approach On This Template.
Tiered lesson plan template tiered lessons involve lessons that include multiple entry points, or tiers so that students might be doing slightly different tasks or answering different questions related to the same goal or essential questions. This is a lesson plan template that can help anyone carefully organize any content lesson and activities that meet the needs of all learners. Melanie kennison tiered lesson plan page 1 tiered lesson (differentiated by readiness) name & student number:
Melanie Kennison Lesson Topic:
2020 the university of texas system/texas education agency. Approved programs for tiers 1, 2, and 3 This lesson is tiered by (process, product, assessment) according to students’ (readiness, interest, learning profile).
O Template For Cubing O Interactive Cube Creator Bloom’s Ball Template It Takes 12 Patterns To Make One Ball O Bloom’s Ball With Two Smaller Balls On One Page
Unfortunately, i have to say this, so sorry if it’s a little cold. Tiered cell organelle lesson social studies: Know (facts, dates, definitions, rules, people, places) understand (big ideas, principles, generalizations, rules, the “point” of the discipline or topic within the discipline)
This Is A Tiered Lesson Plan Template To Use When Designing A Lesson Plan Used For Differentiated Instruction.
Physical features contract | tiered ideas for project on. This is a tiered lesson plan template to use when designing a lesson plan used for differentiated instruction. Prior to developing a tiered lesson or unit, it is vital to:
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Whilst watching a bat hunting on the wing at dusk (most likely was a species common to my urban UK location, e.g. pipistrelle) its flight pattern around the garden comprised circles, several metres in diameter, but I'm reasonably sure going in the same direction - in this case it seemed always to be turning to its left. (The circular flight pattern is something I've observed many times.) Is there any evidence in bats of a preferred direction of circular "sweep" whilst hunting? More generally, are bats known to exhibit left/right- handedness (or laterality in technical-speak) and does/could this manifest itself in flight patterns?
What I've already tried to answer my question:
Searched this site for related questions/answers + tried Internet searches with variations on circular flight for bats- results included a 2013 Nature paper, Bandyopadhyay, P., Leinhos, H. & Hellum, A. Handedness helps homing in swimming and flying animals. Sci Rep 3, 1128 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01128 - fascinating stuff re. handedness and advantages for homing, but the brown bat featured was trained and observed under controlled lab conditions. Hoped that someone here with knowledge of the subject could provide a research paper/book ref., etc. I posted this question out of simple curiosity - I'm not a biologist and so don't have institutional access to many papers (just the Abstracts).
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Tis the season to nest. Here is a look at the nest building requirements and preferences of the Gold Finch, House Finch, and Red-breasted Nuthatch.
* nesting season March till August
* female builds small nest from weeds, grasses and thin branches found in trees, hanging vegetation or man-made cavities
* does not like to nest in man-made bird houses
* preferred feeder seeds: black oil sunflower, nyjer, millet, mustard seeds, milo
* offer a way for Finches to drink as they may drink up to their own body weight in water each day
* loves pine trees: using their sharp bill to carve out a hollow in a pine tree
* line their nest with grass and then add a layer of feathers for comfort
* known to steal nesting from other bird’s nests
* male smears pine resin around the entrance for protection from predators
* one brood each year May - July
* shy backyard feeders but will happily visit if there is suet, sunflowers seeds or peanuts.
* breeding season begins in June when seeds are at the greatest supply
* monogamous pairs nest in trees and shrubs in an open cup of three inches
* nest consists of woven plant fibres bound by spiderwebs, caterpillar silk and lined with plant down
* attracted to a bath or water featurefill bird feeders with a variety of seeds especially sunflower and nyjer seed
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When Christianity became the principal religion in Europe, a Holly turned into their primary symbol. Some Christian mystics claim that the Wreath of Christ contained Holly flowers. They also declare that the berries of Holly were initially white. However, they have become red, symbolizing the blood of Jesus. Additionally, this flower means joy and reconciliation.
The Celtic myths described Holly as an evergreen brother of an Oak tree. According to their lunar calendar, the sacred Oak is a symbol of the light-year, whereas Holly symbolizes the dark period of the year.
Holly is also the sign of the mythological unicorn. It's useful to know that the King Edward VII Rooms at Buckingham Palace contain a horn made of Holly, which is considered to be the one belonging to the unicorn. There was a belief during the Middle Ages that this horn is capable of protecting the King from poison.
In Esoteric, Holy is a symbol of the evergreen aspect of the soul, while the Oak symbolizes a sacrificial ego. An ancient Welsh poem says that Holly and Oak are two trees that are props of the bridge over the rainbow river where the evil of the world dissolves on the way towards Grinvid. People born under the symbol of Holly are less willing to take risks before they weigh all the pros and cons. These characters are mainly practical. They may solve numerous problems using simple logic.
Holly is a symbol of the continuity of life. Therefore, people use the flowers and branches of Holly to decorate their homes during the winter holidays, when the light begins to reborn. Native Americans Guaranà believe that the Gods gave them a magic drink known as "mate." They use the leaves of Holly to create this Elixir. The name of this drink differs in various tribes. But the fact is that this Elixir gives them happiness and gladness.
The Symbol of Christmas
There is an opinion on the subject of a Holy King and Santa Claus. Presumably, they both were, in fact, one man. According to this version, both symbols of modesty and goodness were combined under one term. As known, Santa Claus is none other than Saint Nicolas, who was a bishop lived in the 9th century. He helped to lower-income families when throwing golden coins in their shoes abandoned upon their doorstep. Over time, Thomas Nast transformed this name into Santa Claus, to popularize the brand of Coca Cola. That's how the flowers of Holly have eventually become the symbol of Christmas.
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GraalVM is a new open source project by Oracle which is trying to make Java VM an universal VM to run all the major languages. Before GraalVM, there were already few languages like Scala, Closure which targeted JVM as their runtime. This has been hugely successful for those languages. GraalVM takes this idea further and makes it easy to target JVM so that many more languages can coexist on JVM.
GraalVM is around from 2014 as a research project. It’s been used in production by Twitter from 2017. But for general public, it became production ready in latter half of 2019.
In this series posts, I will be exploring what GraalVM can bring to JVM ecosystem. This is the first post in the series which introduces the GraalVM. You can read all the posts in the series here.
What is GraalVM
From GraalVM website
They are essentially saying that, it’s a ecosystem which has Java VM at it’s heart and want to support run wide variety of languages on top of it.
Why Multiple Languages
Why does some one care about running their languages on JVM? The below are some reasons
Server Tuned VM
Libraries of Java Ecosystem
One of the reason Scala adopted JVM is for it’s rich ecosystem. Able to run on the JVM makes all the Java libraries available to Scala. Now they are going to be available to all the languages which run on graalVM.
There are many more advantages to GraalVM than listed above. You can read more about it here.
The above picture shows the architecture of graalvm.
From Above Architecture , the below are the main components
Java Hotspot VM : It’s heart of the architecture. Everything is powered by Java VM. Supported from Java 8 onwards.
Graal Compiler : The Graal Compiler which is responsible for generating the byte code from AST generated from above layers
Truffle Framework : A framework which allows defining interpreters for different languages in a AST model. This standard AST model between languages makes it polyglot
GraalVM brings a new era in VM’s. It’s positioning the JVM as center of all the popular language runtime. This makes JVM ecosystem exciting again.
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What Is DevOps?
DevOps is a term that is used to describe a set of practices and technologies that aim to improve the delivery and deployment of software. Automation is one of the key benefits of it, as it can help to speed up the process and reduce errors. By automating certain tasks, you can free up your team members to work on more important projects.
If you’re unfamiliar with the term DevOps, don’t worry – we’re here to help. This is a growing trend in the software development world that aims to improve the collaboration between developers and operators. Simply put, it is a process that helps developers and operators work together more effectively to create and deploy software.
What Are The Benefits?
Developers are always looking for ways to improve their workflow and become more efficient. With DevOps, they can achieve this goal by streamlining their development cycles and reducing operational costs. It is a combination of software development practices that aim to help developers work more effectively together and reduce the amount of time needed to deploy new applications.
One of the key benefits of DevOps is that it can speed up the development process by automating common tasks. This means that developers can spend less time on manual tasks and more time developing code. In addition, it helps to improve communication and collaboration between team members, which leads to faster resolution times for customer issues.
Software quality also tends to improve with it due to the increased use of automated tests and code reviews. This helps ensure that your applications are high quality before they’re released into the market, which leads to satisfied customers and reduced complaints from customers about faulty software. The DevOps Training in Hyderabad program by Kelly Technologies can help to develop the skills needed to handle the tools and techniques associated with DevOps.
DevOps also facilitates faster rollouts by automating deployment processes such as configuration management, release management, or application delivery controllers (ADCs). This speeds up the process from when a new version of your application is release into production to when users start seeing changes in their apps. Furthermore, it helps reduce the chance for human error during deployments which can lead to disastrous consequences for your business.
Last but not least, DevOps enhances security by automating processes such as vulnerability scanning and penetration testing. By doing this regularly, you can avoid any major security issues down the road – making your website or app much less vulnerable to attack!
DevOps is a rapidly growing field that is changing the way we work. These Strategies is dedicate to helping readers understand DevOps in detail, from identifying dependencies and creating a culture of collaboration, to automating processes and optimizing infrastructure usage. In this section, we will discuss some of the key benefits of using DevOps in your workplace.
One of the most important benefits of using DevOPS is that it can help to speed up development cycles. By automating certain tasks and integrating automated testing into your development process, you can ensure that your software is stable and compliant from the get-go. Additionally, by leveraging containers in your development process, you can reduce the amount of time it takes to build software on a large scale.
Another great benefit of using DevOps is that it helps to improve infrastructure utilization and cost. By automating system administration tasks and integrating data management into your architecture, you can reduce costs associated with maintaining an outdated or inefficient system. Additionally, by monitoring performance metrics and implementing security measures throughout the deployment process, you can keep your systems safe and compliant.
Finally, establishing a comprehensive of workflow across multiple teams can help to ensure that all aspects of a project are manage seamlessly together. By utilising Agile methods such as Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD), teams are able to deliver software faster than ever before without sacrificing quality or security. By understanding how DevOps works at its core – covering both technology and culture – you can make sure that your workplace adopts this innovative approach correctly.
The Tools & Technologies
DevOps is a term that has been growing in popularity over the past few years. It refers to a collaborative process that helps to improve the flow of information and collaboration between different parts of an organization. This process involves combining the principles of agile development with the practices of server-side automation and DevOps culture.
DevOps is important for a number of reasons. For one, it can help to improve the flow of information between different teams within an organization. This can lead to quicker decisions and improved quality control. Additionally, it helps to reduce chaos and increase predictability in an organization. This can lead to increased productivity and better customer service.
When it comes to using DevOps tools and technologies, there are a variety of options available on the market today. However, not everyone will be able to use every tool or technology available because they may not fit within their specific needs or requirements. That’s why it’s important for businesses to select the right tools for their specific needs before implementing them into their team culture.
There are several challenges associate with implementing DevOps in an organization, but with careful planning and execution, these challenges can be overcome successfully. Here are some key strategies that businesses should consider when implementing DevOps:
– Establish clear goals for using DevOps tools & technologies
– Plan & organize your workflows using tools like Git & JIRA
– Implement automation wherever possible
– Develop strong communication skills across your team
– Foster a positive team culture focused on collaboration.
This article in the Blogs Bazar must have given you a clear idea of the Whether you’re a business owner or an IT professional, you need to know about DevOps. DevOps is a software development process that aims to improve the coordination and collaboration between developers and operators. By automating tasks and monitoring performance, DevOps environments can be extremely efficient. In this section, we’ll outline the key points that you need to know about DevOps in order to develop an effective environment for your team.
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High cholesterol levels go hand in hand with a number of other factors which fall under chronic conditions. It is often a result of lifestyle factors.
According to the South African Heart and Stroke Foundation, one in four adults in South Africa has high total cholesterol, while 30% have a high LDL level and 50% have low HDL Levels.
What does this mean?
Dr Morgan Mkhatshwa, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund takes a look at cholesterol: What it is and why it is used, together with other factors like lifestyle and medical conditions, to estimate your risk of cardiovascular disease.
And why knowing your LDL and HDL numbers is important in managing your health.
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy fat-like substance, made in the liver and found in the blood and cells of your body.
We all have cholesterol; it is made naturally and helps to form cells, hormones, vitamin D and bile acid (which helps us digest food).
The difference between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cholesterol is as follows:
However, if someone has high levels of bad cholesterol it means they have too much of this fatty substance in their blood and, over time, this could cause arteries to block and result in a heart attack or stroke.
Unfortunately, unlike most medical conditions, high cholesterol can go unnoticed and often doesn’t present any symptoms, unless it’s serious enough to cause problems.
What test is used to determine the levels of cholesterol in your body?
Called a fasting lipogram, it measures the exact amount of different types of cholesterol you have.
The SA Heart and Stroke Foundation maintain that healthy cholesterol levels should be:
Dr Mkhatshwa cautions that these are variables for the optimal LDL(bad cholesterol) count, according to your risk profile.
‘If you are very high-risk or high-risk the LDL-C goal is 1.8 mmol/l and 2.5 mmol/l respectively,’ he says.
‘Your doctor will explain these to you, what they mean and the steps you need to take to reduce your LDL count.’
‘You can then begin to play an active role in managing your own health.’
How often should you be tested?
Most healthy adults should have their cholesterol checked every four to six years.
People who have heart disease, diabetes or a family history of high cholesterol, need to get their cholesterol checked more often
What diseases or conditions result from high cholesterol levels?
When you have too much ‘bad’ cholesterol in your blood, it can cause narrowing and blockages of the arteries.
These are the blood vessels that carry blood to your heart muscle and to other parts of your body.
In time, this narrowing can lead to a heart attack, while blockages in the arteries of your brain can cause a stroke.
What kind of illnesses or diseases can cause elevated levels of LDL?
People with high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes often have high cholesterol.
Some other health conditions that can also cause raised levels of cholesterol include kidney disease and liver disease.
What role does genetics play in high cholesterol levels?
The medical term for high blood cholesterol is Familial hypercholesterolaemia. It is an inherited condition characterised by higher-than-normal levels of LDL blood cholesterol.
It causes up to 10 per cent of early-onset coronary artery disease – heart disease that occurs before the age of 55 years.
The cause is a mutation in a gene.
Can I lower my genetically high LDL cholesterol?
There is no cure for familial hypercholesterolemia.
Treatment aims to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease and heart attack and may include Dietary changes, including reduced intake of saturated fats and cholesterol-rich foods, and increased intake of fibre.
Statins are the most common medicine for high cholesterol.
They reduce the amount of cholesterol your body makes and you usually need to take them for life.
What lifestyle changes can help to lower cholesterol levels?
Did you know?
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« ForrigeFortsæt »
there entered, not as the high priests of old, but to be there continually, but in this respect is exalted higher than Lucifer ever was; that whereas Lucifer was only near the throne, or kneeling on the mercy-seat in humble posture, covering it with his wings, Jesus is admitted to sit down for ever with God on the throne.
Corol. III. From what is said in this passage of scripture, we may learn that the angels were created in time. Though we have no particular account of their creation in the story of Moses, we read here, once and again, of the day wherein this Anointed Cherub was created, ver. 13. 15. This is also implied in Gen. ii. 1. "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the hosts of them." The angels are often in scripture spoken of as the host of heaven, and the angels are expressly spoken of as created by Christ, in Col. i. 16. "For by him were all things created that are in heaven and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers; all things were created by him, and for him." So Ps. civ. 4. " Who maketh his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire;" which is meant of proper angels, as appears by Heb. i, 7. It appears also further, because they are called the sons of God, in Job xxxviii., which cannot be meant by eternal generation, for so Christ is God's only begotten Son. See Ps. cxlviii. 2, 3, 4, 5.
Corol. IV. In another respect also Jesus succeeds Lucifer, viz. in being the Covering Cherub. The word translated cover, often and commonly signifies to protect. It was committed to this archangel especially, to have the care of protecting the beloved race, elect man, that was God's jewel, his first fruits, his precious treasure, laid up in God's ark, or cabinet, hid in the secret of his presence. That was the great business the angels were made for, and therefore was especially committed to the head of the angels. But he fell from his innocency and dignity, and Jesus in his stead becomes the Cherub that covereth, the great Protector and Saviour of elect man, that gathereth them as a hen her chickens under her wings.
Corol. V. Lucifer, while a holy angel, in having the excellency of all those glorious things that were about him, all summed up in him, was a type of Christ, in whom all the glory and excellency of all elect creatures is more properly summed, as the head and foundation of all, just as the brightness of all, that reflects the light of the sun, is summed up in the sun.
And as the Devil was the highest of all the angels, so he was the very highest of all God's creatures; he was the top and crown of the whole creation; he was the brightest part of the heaven of heavens, that brightest part of all the creation; he was the head of the angels, that most noble rank of all created beings; and, therefore, when spoken of under that type of him, the Behemoth,
he is said to be "the chief of the ways of God," Job xl. 19. And since it is revealed that there is a certain order and government among the angels, the superior angels having some kind of authority over others that are of lower rank; and since Lucifer was the chief of them all, we may suppose that he was the head of the whole society, the captain of the whole host. He was the archangel, the prince of the angels, and all did obeisance unto him. And as the angels, as the ministers of God's providence, have a certain superintendency and rule over the world, or at least over some parts of it that God has committed to their care, hence they are called thrones, dominions, principalities, and powers. Therefore. seeing Lucifer was the head, and captain, and prince of all, and the highest creature in the whole universe, we may suppose that he had, as God's chief servant, and the grand minister of his providence, and the top of the creation, in some respect committed to him power, dominion, and principality over the whole creation, and all the kingdom of providence; and as all the angels are called the sons of God, Lucifer was his first born, and was the =first-born of every creature. But when it was revealed to him, high and glorious as he was, that he must be a ministering spirit to the race of mankind which he had seen newly created, which appeared so feeble, mean, and despicable, so vastly inferior, not only to him, the prince of the angels, and head of the created universe, but also to the inferior angels, and that he must be subject to one of that race that should hereafter be born, he could not bear it. This occasioned his fall; and now he, with the other angels whom he drew away with him, are fallen, and elect men are translated to supply their places, and are exalted vastly higher in heaven than they. And the Man Jesus Christ, the Chief, and Prince, and Captain of all elect men, is translated and set in the throne that Lucifer, the chief and prince of the angels left, to be the Head of the angels in his stead, the head of principality and power, that all the angels might do obeisance to him; for God said, "Let all the angels of God worship him ;" and God made him his first-born instead of Lucifer, higher than all those thrones dominions, principalities, and powers, and made him, yea, made him in his stead the first-born of every creature, or of the whole creation, and made him also in his stead the bright and morning Star, and Head, and Prince of the universe; yea, gave this honour, dignity, and power unto him, in an unspeakably higher and more glorious manner than ever he had done to Lucifer, and appointed him to conquer, subdue, and execute vengeance upon that great rebel. Lucifer aspired to be "like the Most High," but God exalted one of mankind, the race that he envied, and, from envy to whom, he rebelled against God, to be indeed like the Most High, to a personal union with the eternal Son of God, and
exalted him in this union to proper divine honour and dignity, set him at his own right hand on his own throne, and committed to him proper divine power and authority, constituting him as God man, the supreme, absolute, and universal Lord of the universe, and Judge of every creature, the darling of the whole creation, the brightness of God's glory, and express image of his person; as, in his divine nature, he is the NATURAL IMAGE of God. God, in his providence, was pleased thus to show the emptiness and vanity of the creature, by suffering the insufficiency of the highest and most glorious of all creatures, the head and crown of the whole creation, to appear, by his sudden fall from his glori ous height into the lowest depth of hatefulness, deformity, and misery. God's design was first to show the creature's emptiness in itself, and then to fill it with himself in eternal, unalterable fullness and glory. To show the emptiness of the creature, the old creation, or the old heavens and earth, were to go to ruin and perish, in some sense, or at least all was to be emptied. Great part of the old creation was actually to sink into total and eternal perdition, as fallen angels and some of fallen men, all mankind was in a sense to be totally; though some of them were to be re stored, after they had sensibly been emptied of themselves. And though the highest heaven never was to be destroyed, yet, before it should have its consummate and immutable glory, the highest and most glorious part of it was to perish, and a considerable part of the glorious heavenly inhabitants, and the rest were hereby to be brought to see their own emptiness and utter insufficiency, and so as it were to perish or die as to self-dependence and all self-fullness, and to be brought to an entire dependence on the sovereign grace and all-sufficiency of God to be communicated to them by his Son as their head. And thus the whole old creation, both heaven and earth, as to all its natural glory and creaturefullness, was to be pulled down ; and thus, way was to be made for the creation of the new heavens and new earth, or the setting forth of the whole elect universe in its consummate, everlasting, immutable, glory in the fullness of God, in a great, most conspicuous, immediate, and universal dependence on his power and sovereign grace, and also on the glorious and infinitely excellent nature and essence of God, as the infinite fountain of glory and love; the beholding and enjoying of which, and union with which, being the elect creature's all in all, all its strength, all its beauty, all its life, its fruit, its honour, its blessedness.
Corol. I. From the last paragraph. This may show us the necessity of a work of Humiliation in men as the necessity of man's being emptied of himself in order to a partaking of the benefits of the new creation, and the redemption of Jesus Christ.
Corol. II. This shows that even the elect angels have their eternal life in a way of Humiliation, and also dependence on sovereign grace, as well as elect men, though not the same sort of humiliation and dependence in all respects.
To show the emptiness of all creatures in themselves, the ruin of the creation began in heaven, in the very best and highest part of the creation, and in the highest creature in it, the crown and glory of the whole creation; because it was the will of God that a mere creature should not be the head of the creation, but a divine person, and that he should be the crown and glory of the creation. Heaven was the first of the creation that was subject to ruin, and it shall be the last part that shall be renewed or amended by a new creation. There are two parts of the creation connected with the work of redemption; one is the world of man, and that is this visible world; and the other is the world of angels, and that is heaven. The whole is to be changed: the former shall be destroyed, because all men fell, and only an elect number are saved out of it; the other shall not be destroyed, because all the angels did not fall, those that stood supported it, a blessing was left in it, and therefore God said, Destroy it not, and therefore the change that is to be made in that is to be of a contrary nature to destruction; it is to be made infinitely more glorious by a new creation. And therefore God's dealings with respect to the world of angels, are contrary to his dealings with the world of men. The world of men is to be destroyed, and therefore, elect men are taken out of it, and carried into the world of angels, and reprobate men left in it to perish and sink with it. The world of angels is not to be destroyed, but renewed and glorified; and therefore, reprobate angels are taken out of it, and cast into the world of men, and elect angels are kept in it, to be renewed and glorified with it.
Because God's design was to show the emptiness of the creature, and its exceeding insufficiency, therefore God suffered both angels and men quickly to fall, and the old creation quickly to go to ruin.
Some may be ready to think it to be incredible, and what the wisdom of the Creator would not suffer, that the most glorious of all his creatures should fall and be eternally ruined, or that it should be so that the elect angels, those that are beloved of God, should none of them be of equal strength and largeness of capacity with the devil. To this I would say,
1. That the man Christ Jesus that is exalted into the place of Lucifer in heaven, though he be of a rank of creatures of a nature far inferior in capacity to that of the angels, and especially far below the highest of all the angels, yet God can, and hath ex
alted that little worm of littleness and weakness to an immensely greater capacity, dignity, and glory, than Lucifer ever had.
2. God can reward the elect angels that originally are inferior to Lucifer, and can increase their capacity and strength; and there is no reason to think but that he has rewarded, or will reward, elect angels, as well as elect men, with a great exaltation of their nature. And probably Christ did, at his ascension, exalt the natures of some of them at least, so as to exceed all that ever Lucifer had. It seems probable, by Rev. xx. at the beginning; and probably at the day of judgment, the natures of all the angels will be so exalted as to be above the devil in capacity.
Seeing that this was the case with the devil, that before his fall he was the head of the creation, the captain and prince of the angels, and had some kind of superintendency over the whole universe, and seeing his sin was his pride, and affecting to be like the Most High, no wonder that he seeks to reign as god of this world, and affects to be worshipped as God.
That the devil so restlessly endeavours to set up himself in this world, and maintain bis dominion here, and to oppose God, and fight against him to the procuring his own continual disappointment and vexation, and to work out his own misery, and at last to bring on his own head his own greatest torment, his everlasting and consummate misery, is the fruit of a curse that God has laid him under for his first ambition, and envy, and opposition to God in heaven. He is therefore made a perfect slave to those lusts that reign over him, and torment him, and will pull down on him eternal destruction.
Occasion of the fall of the angels. We cannot but suppose that it was made known to the angels, at their first creation, that they were to be ministering spirits to men, and to serve the Son of God in that way, by ministering to them as those that were peculiarly beloved of him, because this was their proper business for which they were made; this was the end of their creation. It is not to be supposed that seeing they were intelligent creatures, that were to answer the end of their beings as voluntary agents, or as willingly falling in with the design of their Creator, that God would make them, and not make known to them what they were made for, when he entered into covenant with them, and established the conditions of their eternal happiness, and especially when they were admiring spectators of the creation of this beloved creature for whose good they were made, and this visible world that God made for his habitation. Seeing God made the angels for a special service, it is reasonable to suppose that the faithfulness of the angels in that special service must be the condition of their reward or wages; and if this was the great condition
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« ПретходнаНастави »
JOHNSON AND STEEVENS.
KING RICHARD III,
KING HENRY VIII.
PUBLISHED BY J. MORGAN AND T. S. MANNING.
LIFE AND DEATH OF KING RICHARD III.
THIS tragedy, though it is called the Life and Death of this Prince, comprizes, at most, but the last eight years of his time; for it opens with George Duke of Clarence being clapped up in the Tower, which happened in the beginning of the year 1477; and closes with the death of Richard at Bosworth field, which battle was fought on the 22d of August, in the year 1485. Theobald.
It appears that several dramas on the present subject had been written before Shakspeare attempted it. See the notes at the conclusion of this play, which was first entered at Stationer's Hall by Andrew Wise, Oct. 20, 1597, under the title of The Tragedie of King Richard the Third, with the Death of the Duke of Clarence. Before this, viz. Aug. 15th, 1586, was entered, A tragical Report of King Richard the Third, a Ballad. It may be necessary to remark that the words, song, ballad, book, enterlude and play, were often synonymously used. Steevens.
This play was written, I imagine, in the same year in which it was first printed,-1597. 7he Legend of King Richard III, by Francis Seagars, was printed in the first edition of The Mirrour for Magistrates, 1559, and in that of 1575, and 1587, but Shakspeare does not appear to be indebted to it. In a subsequent edition of that book printed in 1610, the old legend was omitted, and a new one inserted, by Richard Nichols, who has very freely copied the play before us. In 1597, when this tragedy was published, Nichols, as Mr. Warton has observed, was but thirteen years old. Hist. of Poetry, Vol. III, p. 267.
The real length of time in this piece is fourteen years; (not eight years, as Mr. Theobald supposed;) for the second scene commences with the funeral of King Henry VI, who, according to the received account, was murdered on the 21st of May, 1471. The imprisonment of Clarence, which is represented previously in the first scene, did not in fact take place till 1477-8.
It has been since observed to me by Mr. Elderton, (who is of opinion that Richard was charged with this murder by the Lancastrian historians without any foundation) that "it appears on the face of the publick accounts allowed in the exchequer for the maintenance of King Henry and his numerous attendants in the Tower, that he lived to the 12th of June, which was twenty-two days after the time assigned for his pretended assassination; was exposed to the publick view in St. Paul's for some days, and interred at Chertsey with much solemnity, and at no inconsiderable expence." Malone.
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Despite Ethiopia’s fast-growing economy, it is one of the most impoverished nations in Africa. However, the United States Government (USG) is making a significant effort to combat poverty in Ethiopia. On April 26, 2022, the U.S. announced that it would provide about $43.7 million in order for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) support along with health, nutrition and food aid to Ethiopians suffering from drought. Overall, USG funding for Ethiopia will help the nation make headway with poverty reduction.
According to USAID, drought, flooding, food insecurity, vector-borne disease and minimal access to health services are just a few of the acute shocks that Ethiopian populations routinely suffer. These issues are worsened by continued large-scale violence, conflict and displacement, leading to a complicated emergency humanitarian situation.
On top of these challenges, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only brought about health impacts for countries but also economic repercussions. The World Bank predicted that Ethiopia’s poverty rate would stand at 27% by 2019. Like many other countries, Ethiopia suffered economically after the pandemic as its gross domestic product growth shrank from 6.1% in 2020 to 5.6% in 2021. Real wages for Ethiopians in Addis Ababa alone declined by 14% for high skilled workers at the onset of the pandemic.
How Will it Help?
According to the World Bank, Ethiopia is the “second most populated country in Africa” as of 2020. With this comes the increasing problem of water shortages. Besides water shortages, there is a lack of access to clean and safe water, which can lead to water-borne diseases, such as cholera, as individuals resort to consuming water from unsafe and potentially contaminated sources.
In fact, according to an article by Lifewater, “7.5[%]of the global water crisis is in Ethiopia alone” as of 2019. According to USAID, by April 2022, 8 million people in the southern parts of Ethiopia faced the impacts of drought conditions as a result of a third continuous “poor rainy season” in the latter part of 2021, which sparked severe water shortages and increased demand for emergency food aid.
WASH support aims to combat this by supplying safe water and preventing disease outbreaks. Food insecurity is also an issue in Ethiopia. According to the World Food Programme, despite Ethiopia’s progression, there are 20.4 million people who are still in need of food aid. The U.S. will ensure more people in Ethiopia have access to food by “providing assistance to drought-affected populations.”
Ethiopia continues to show effort in slowing down poverty. In fact, according to the World Bank, the government created a 10-year plan based on the 2019 Home-Grown Economic Reform Agenda for Ethiopia. With the intention of moving to a “private-sector-driven economy” and fostering “competition in key growth-enabling sectors” while promoting efficiency and a proper “business climate,” the plan will run for approximately 10 years from 2020/21 to 2029/30.
Ethiopia’s five-year growth and transformation plans aim to achieve “middle-income status” for the nation by 2025 by “sustaining high growth and speeding up structural transformation.” In the meanwhile, the USG funding for Ethiopia is actively lessening the burden on those who suffer from poverty in Ethiopia.
– Frema Mensah
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The Significance of Date and Time in Legal Matters
Time and date serve as foundational elements in the realm of legal documentation. They anchor events within a specific moment, establishing timelines that can be critical in various legal scenarios, from contract enforcement to intellectual property disputes. Precise timestamps go beyond mere formality; they are crucial to the integrity and veracity of legal documents. Date and time stamping ensures clarity in the sequence of events, enables verification of actions, and may even determine the rights and obligations that hinge on specific deadlines.
Technological Solutions for Document Verification
Technology has evolved to provide sophisticated means of verifying the authenticity and timing of documents. In the digital age, tools like ProofKeep introduce a new level of accuracy and reliability to legal paperwork. By employing such technology, legal practitioners can embed irrefutable evidence of a document’s existence at a certain point in time. This innovation is particularly pivotal for dealings in jurisdictions where the date of document creation or modification could influence the case outcome. With cryptographic date and time stamps, ProofKeep delivers a tamper-evident layer to the securing of documents. Improve your comprehension of the subject by exploring this external source we’ve chosen for you. Uncover fresh facts and viewpoints on the topic discussed in the piece. ProofKeep https://www.proofkeep.com, continue your learning journey!
Enhancing Trust and Reducing Disputes
One of the essential benefits of precise date and time stamping in legal documentation is the increased trust it affords among involved parties. When a document’s history is transparent and verifiable, it mitigates the potential for misunderstandings or disputes. In many legal proceedings, the presence or absence of a reliable timestamp can dramatically affect credibility. By leveraging technologies like ProofKeep, individuals and entities can prevent costly legal battles that might arise from ambiguous or disputable document timelines.
Compliance and Regulatory Requirements
Across industries, regulatory bodies often necessitate strict adherence to timeline reporting and document timestamping. For instance, in the financial sector, transaction times must be meticulously recorded and preserved. Likewise, in intellectual property matters, patent filing dates can be the deciding factor in awarding rights. Digital time stamping tools ensure that legal documentation meets these compliance standards with ease and precision, offering a safeguard against regulatory infractions that might lead to severe penalties.
Modernizing Archival Systems
As organizations digitize their operations, the proper archival of legal documents becomes an increasingly complex task. Traditional paper filing systems are being replaced with electronic storage, which demands new approaches to document security and verification. Through the inclusion of definitive timestamps, digital archival systems are bolstered against manipulation and loss of data integrity. By utilizing digital timestamping solutions, archivists and legal administrators can ensure that historical records maintain their significance and enforceability long into the future. Interested in gaining more knowledge on the topic discussed? Discover this interesting article, explore the thoughtfully chosen external material to complement your study and broaden your understanding of the subject.
Find more information on the subject discussed in this article by visiting the related posts we’ve prepared:
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The sandwich generation is a term commonly used to describe those between the ages of 40 and 59 who are responsible for raising their family and are also often helping their aging parents manage their ongoing needs. Those members of the sandwich generation typically manage the burdens of the old and young at once. They may support a grown child, aging parents, and young children.1
The key for many people in this generation is to provide guidance and support to their parents without derailing their own life and long-term goals. Here are some tips that may help.
#1: Get Ahead of Medicare and Medicaid Programs
Find out if your parents qualify for any financial assistance programs. These programs may help defray some of the costs while creating more opportunities for savings. For those over the age of 65, Supplemental Security Income may be an option. 2
#2: Evaluate Your Parents’ Financial Needs
It may be helpful to spend some time discussing your parents’ financial needs. This effort may include taking a look at their current income and debts. It may involve finding ways to manage their expenses. It is also a good idea to consider how much money they need each month to manage their financial obligations during retirement. These expenses may include a mortgage loan payment or other long-term financial obligations that may carry over into retirement years.
#3: Determine if Downsizing Is Beneficial
Downsizing may mean moving to a new home that is smaller with a lower mortgage payment. It may mean moving from a house into an apartment or condo with fewer maintenance tasks. If the market conditions make sense, it might be time to consider a move to manage financial obligations.
#4: Create a Budget for Retirement
With a solid understanding of financial needs, it is then helpful to create a monthly budget. A budget shows if there is a need for more income. If there is, it may be time to consider options to manage financial needs, such as working a part-time job or using retirement savings differently.
#5: Manage Expectations
Sometimes it is necessary to consider limitations on spending to ensure there is long-term access to available funds. For seniors, it may mean controlling their spending on unneeded items. This evaluation could mean spending more time balancing accounts for those struggling with finances. Before heading into retirement, the key is to ensure there are clear expectations of what retiring is likely to be like for them and what your parent’s lifestyle will look like during retirement. 3
It is important to talk to parents who may need some help in the years leading up to retirement to clarify where they stand in terms of finances. Doing so now may help determine what changes could create better financial results later. Working with a financial professional may be one step for your parents to consider.
The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual.
All information is believed to be from reliable sources; however LPL Financial makes no representation as to its completeness or accuracy.
This article was prepared by WriterAccess.
LPL Tracking #1-05282505
1 The Sandwich Generation, Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2013/01/30/the-sandwich-generation/
2 How to Help Your Parents Retire Without Derailing Your Own Retirement, The Motley Fool, https://www.fool.com/retirement/2019/08/25/how-to-help-your-parents-retire-without-derailing.aspx
3 How to Help Your Financially Struggling Parents, The Balance, https://www.thebalance.com/millennial-plan-to-help-parents-financially-4134994
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CASL works closely with sponsors to develop an exercise tailored to desired objectives and outcomes. Listed below are key issues to consider before developing an exercise.
Game Execution Cycle:
1. Goal, Objectives, Questions and Desired Outcomes:
Goal. An exercise goal is the overarching purpose of the game and who it is for. The goal answers two questions: What does the exercise do? Who is the exercise for? Example: This exercise provides a forum for NDU students to examine the global economic and national security challenges that may face America in 2020.
Objective(s). Objectives describe what participants must do, in order to achieve the exercise goal. Because they describe action, objectives are written using action verbs (i.e. consider, explore, examine, determine, imagine, validate, etc.) Examples:
- Explore the specific activities and policies, using all instruments of national power, which may mitigate these challenges.
- Develop strategic-level policy options to advance U.S. interests in the global commons given the scenario presented and in a resource constrained environment.
- Assess the extent to which current U.S. government organizational and management structures support or hinder the effective implementation of strategies, plans, and policies.
Questions. Questions identify what participants must know, in order to fulfill one or more objectives. Depending on the objective, one or more questions may be needed to inform it. Example: Develop strategic-level policy options to advance US. Interests in the global commons given the scenario presented and in a resource constrained environment.
- What is the USG policy regarding freedom of navigation of the seas?
- Given that the U.S. is not a signatory of UNCLOS, how can the U.S. effectively position itself as a global leader within the maritime domain?
- What other policies might the U.S. consider in the maritime domain? How effective might they be?
- Given the scenario posited events, what elements of national power are available to influence those falling behind on their commitment to the Doha Protocol Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol?
- What are the national security, economic security, financial, and resourcing implications to application of those elements of national power?
- What are the intangibles that must be accounted for?
2. Event Structure and Methodology: CASL tailors the exercise approach based on the goals of the exercise.
Role Playing – Each participant is given a specific role and responds to a situation from the point of view of their respective position within each game cell. Game Cell Organization refers to how teams relate to one another. There are three main types:
parallel: multiple teams playing similar roles exposes variety of response
adversarial: pits teams against each other
cooperative: teams work toward common goal or objective
Path – As a group, participants are presented an initial scenario. Reacting to the situation, participants develop a course of action. Based upon the course of action chosen, participants receive a “scenario update” with new game information to consider. Over time, the group creates its own path, since their decisions affect the overall direction of the game. This type of game is particularly useful for reviewing political, economic, diplomatic and military strategies.
Policy – Participants are brought together in their professional capacity to pool their expertise and discuss issues. A set of scenarios on a topic is presented, and participants establish key issues and collaborate on policy recommendations.
Process – Participants simulate the interagency decision process. Given a scenario, the group acts as an Interagency Policy Committee to highlight coordination limitations and capabilities.
3. Scenario: CASL tailors the scenario approach based on the goals of the exercise.
4. Execution: CASL works with the sponsor to execute the logistics of the exercise most effectively.
5. Analysis: CASL staff write an after action report which captures stakeholder’s comments and key takeaways from the exercise dialogue and/or capture how the exercise allowed students to achieve the exercise and learning objectives, including both the positives and the areas for improvement in the future. Formal AARs are generally provided one to two months after an exercise, depending on requirements.
6. Lessons Learned: Following the capture of survey data regarding the best and least successful elements of the exercise, as provided by the students, as well as any feedback received from the professors and those items noted by CASL staff, CASL develops courses of action to eliminate, minimize, or mitigate exercise shortcomings and incorporate those courses of action into future exercise design and delivery.
Questions for CASL Partners to Consider when Soliciting an Exercise:
1. What are your organization’s objectives and expectations of the exercise (i.e., what do you want to achieve)?
2. What are the key issues you would like students or other stakeholders to discuss during the exercise? What are the topical boundaries of this exercise? What is the scope and scale of this exercise (how broad of an issue focus or direct focus do you want)?
3. Are there topics which should be avoided?
4. Are there gaps or areas of disagreement in the coordination of policies that would merit exploration?
5. Are there any non-governmental persons that we should consider either inviting to participate or consulting with during exercise development?
6. What other Department/Agency personnel should we consult with? (Who else NEEDS a say in the development process?) If you want to use Role Playing, what Departments/Agencies MUST be represented by the students/participants?
7. Many decisions about the scope of the objectives, core questions, scenario and participants will be put to you as we plan the exercise; who would you like us to reach out to for such decisions?
8. What level of classification would you envision as being needed for a productive discussion?
What questions do you have for us? Please contact us using the “Contact Us” page.
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To achieve energy independence, there are several strategies you can consider:
1. Solar Power: Install solar panels to harness the energy from the sun and convert it into electricity. Solar power systems can be installed on rooftops or in open areas to generate clean and renewable energy.
2. Wind Power: Install wind turbines or small-scale wind generators to capture the power of the wind and convert it into electricity. Wind power is another sustainable energy solution that can contribute to your energy independence.
3. Energy Storage Systems: Implement energy storage systems, such as battery storage, to store excess energy generated from renewable sources. These storage systems can be used to provide power during times when solar or wind energy is not available, ensuring a continuous energy supply.
4. Energy Efficiency: Improve energy efficiency by adopting energy-saving measures. This can include using energy-efficient appliances, optimizing building insulation, adopting LED lighting, and implementing smart energy management systems. By reducing energy consumption, you decrease your reliance on external energy sources.
5. Diversification of Energy Sources: Consider diversifying your energy sources by exploring other renewable energy options such as hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, or biomass. Depending on your geographical location and available resources, a combination of different energy sources can provide a reliable and independent energy supply.
6. Microgrid Systems: Establish microgrid systems that enable localized, independent power generation and distribution. A microgrid integrates renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and advanced energy management technologies to create a self-sustaining energy network. It can operate autonomously or in conjunction with the main power grid.
7. Energy Monitoring and Management: Utilize energy monitoring and management systems to track and optimize energy usage. These systems provide real-time data on energy consumption, allowing you to identify areas for improvement and make informed decisions to maximize energy efficiency.
It's important to note that achieving energy independence is a gradual process, and the specific strategies you implement will depend on factors such as your location, available resources, and individual circumstances. Government policies, technological advancements, and market conditions can also play a role in supporting your journey toward energy independence.
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The answer to this question is yes and no.
You will find that depending on the environment in which you grow your chili pepper plants, some plants will grow very easily, whereas others will more-or-less grow, and even others will not grow at all.
Note that all peppers can be grown all year round when kept indoors as houseplants. Chili peppers can only be kept outdoors if the temperature is above 10°C.
Are you a chili pepper lover who wants to learn how to grow chili pepper plants at home? Look no further! Click below to find out which must-have books will guide you through the process of growing your own chili peppers...
There are essentially two ways to get started growing chili pepper plants. One is to grow the plants from seeds and the other is to buy a small plant from a local garden center or nursery or even from an online shop.
There is a third way to start growing chili plants, which is from cuttings, but that is a more advanced technique, which I would not consider 'easy'. This is a technique that you can try later on when you have already had some success growing chilies from seed.
The same goes for the hydroponic growing of chilies. This should also be considered a more advanced technique and thus not easy to start with.
Table of Contents
Starting chili plants from seeds
In case you wish to start growing peppers from seed, there are two strategies that you can follow.
The first strategy would be to buy seeds from multiple chili pepper varieties and simply try through trial-and-error to see which plants end up growing the fastest and producing the most chilies in your specific environment.
For example, the plants in my personal setting are behind a large window in an apartment living room. Here there is a stable temperature of around 21°C, but with sunlight entering through some very thin white curtains.
Through trial-and-error, I found that for this setting, good varieties to grow from seed are:
- Aji Charapita.
- Grandpa's Home Pepper.
- Lemon Drop.
- Orange Tabasco.
The second strategy would be to buy seeds from some varieties of chilies that are known to grow easily in most environments. Some varieties to try are the following:
- Jalapeño peppers. At first, the fruits are deep green, but when they mature they turn red. This variety will grow faster and produce chilies earlier than others. The chili fruit can grow 10 cm long and 2,5 cm in width.
- Serrano peppers. These are hotter than Jalapeños but apart from that, they look very similar. The maximum height of the plant about 1,0 m. These peppers can reach a length of 6 cm and a diameter of 1,3 cm. They are usually picked when they are bright green.
- Cayenne peppers. The maximum height of these pepper plants is about 0,8 m. Like the Serrano and Jalapeño peppers, they mature from dark green to bright red. Yet, they are long and slim. Typically they are max. 18 cm long and max. 1,3 cm in diameter. Sometimes the fruits are also wrinkled.
- Tabasco peppers.
Buying a small chili plant
On the other hand, if you decide to go to a local nursery nearby or even order one or more chili plants online, then you can find a plant that has already been started.
These pepper plants may come with specific instructions that describe the optimal care for this variety, which you should follow.
In addition, they already have a certain soil mix that has been fertilized and is suited specifically for these plants.
The easiest way to grow chilies
If you are starting from seeds, let the seeds germinate in Jiffy pods (or something similar). Make sure that they are in a warm place.
When the pepper seedlings are 2-3 cm tall, transplant them into small individual pots that contain any basic potting mix. Do all this indoors.
When the chili plants that you have grown from seed or have bought seem to need more space then transplant them into their final pot of 20-30 cm diameter or into the soil.
Make sure that the pots have drainage holes, such that excess water does not stay in the pots. To make sure that the excess water does not flow all over, you may place the pots on a low dish to catch the water. The best amount of water to give your plants is the amount such that there will be no or very little excess water running out below the pot.
Simply water the plants when the top of the soil looks dried out. If the leaves of the chili plants start to droop then it is also time to water. Here you may consider the fact that chili plants originate from very hot and dry climates. Underwatering is thus a safer bet than overwatering.
At some point, the chili plants will start flowering. Chili plants are self-pollinating so there is no need to do anything here. There may be some varieties that simply produce very few if any fruits at all. You may consider such a variety as not very suited to your specific environment.
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Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the added water from melting ice sheets and glaciers, and the expansion of seawater as it warms. The first graph tracks the change in global sea level since 1993, as observed by satellites.
The graph on the left, which is from coastal tide gauge and satellite data, shows how much sea level changed from about 1900 to 2018. Items with pluses (+) are factors that cause global sea level to increase, while minuses (-) are what cause sea level to decrease. These items are displayed at the time they were affecting sea level.
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Chinese calligraphy has a long history and lasts about 1000 years. It can be considered as a unique artistic form of the treasury of Chinese culture. It is the representative of Chinese art and is reputed as the most ancient artistic form in the history of oriental world. Calligraphy has exerted wide influence world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring countries. Picasso, the world famous master of art, once expressed that "If I once lived in China, I must had become a calligrapher rather than a painter".
This course offers traditional Chinese calligraphy skills and relevant knowledge. The objectives of the course mainly include: on the basis of teaching elementary traditional Chinese calligraphy skills, make students master the ability of writing creation; make students understand the techniques of calligraphy writing; cultivate their interest in Chinese traditional culture; deepen their interest and discussion in Chinese calligraphy.
UCA aims to create record in Chinese calligraphy
The association hopes to recreate the Malaysia Book of Record in the Largest Chinese Calligraphy Event and the Guinness World Record in the Largest Calligraphy Lesson which will be held at UniCity (Jalan Wawasan) here.
1 Why did the censors miss the name plot in the first place? Perhaps because the names were written in seal script, an archaic form of Chinese calligraphy that looks quite different from today’s characters.
2 Although the names are written in Xiaozhuan, a style of Chinese calligraphy, alert viewers noted that the list had some familiar names including Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, and Li Changchun.
3 The event offered a Chinese calligraphy demonstration by Yvonne Kwok, Chinese music by Andy Lin playing the Erhu, and Dim Sum from the Oriental Garden restaurant.
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XML parsers consider several conditions when deciding which whitespace-only text nodes should be preserved during DOM construction. Unfortunately, those conditions are controlled by the document's DTD or by the content of document itself. Since it is often difficult to modify the DTD or the XML, this recipe simple removes all whitespace-only text nodes from a DOM node.
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def remove_whilespace_nodes(node, unlink=False): """Removes all of the whitespace-only text decendants of a DOM node. When creating a DOM from an XML source, XML parsers are required to consider several conditions when deciding whether to include whitespace-only text nodes. This function ignores all of those conditions and removes all whitespace-only text decendants of the specified node. If the unlink flag is specified, the removed text nodes are unlinked so that their storage can be reclaimed. If the specified node is a whitespace-only text node then it is left unmodified.""" remove_list = for child in node.childNodes: if child.nodeType == dom.Node.TEXT_NODE and \ not child.data.strip(): remove_list.append(child) elif child.hasChildNodes(): remove_whilespace_nodes(child, unlink) for node in remove_list: node.parentNode.removeChild(node) if unlink: node.unlink()
This code should work with any correctly implemented Python-DOM.
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View this color variations of tints, shades, tones and hues.
Tints are look brighter, pastel and less intense.
Shades are look darker, richer and more solidly.
Tones looks more sophisticated and complex than base colors.
A hue refers to the basic neighbours of a color and are variations of a base color on the color wheel.
Color harmonies are pleasing color schemes created according to their position on a color wheel.
Complementary color schemes are made by picking two opposite colors con the color wheel. They appear vibrant near to each other.
Split complementary schemes are like complementary but they uses two adiacent colors of the complement. They are more flexible than complementary ones.
Analogous color schemes are made by picking three colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They are perceived as calm and serene.
Triadic color schemes are created by picking three colors equally spaced on the color wheel. They appear quite contrasted and multicolored.
Tetradic color schemes are made form two couples of complementary colors in a rectangular shape on the color wheel.
Square color schemes are like tetradic arranged in a square instead of rectangle. Colors appear even more contrasting.
View adjacent and very similar colors.
Download color wallpaper / background for your Desktop PC, Tablet or Mobile phone.
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Astronomers have come up with a new estimate for the total weight of the Milky Way: the galaxy that houses the Sun. It weighs about 200 billion suns. This makes the Milky Way four to five times lighter than expected.
Scientists regularly try to determine the weight of the Milky Way. This is difficult, because in addition to all the stars, black holes, nebulae and piles of gas, they must also include dark matter in the calculations. Canadian scientists came out in 2017 With the weight of 700 billion suns. In 2019, another research team came up with a different weight: 1.54 trillion (!!) suns.
Scientists have now used data from Gaia to accurately estimate the weight of our host galaxy. The Gaia catalog contains 1.8 billion stars. Thanks to this data, the researchers got a good picture of the so-called Rotation curve From our galaxy. The rotation curve is a representation of the speeds at which matter – such as stars – rotates around the center of the galaxy at different distances. This is often illustrated in a chart, as you can see below.
Scientists have always assumed that dark matter contains six times the regular matter in the Milky Way. However, the strong decrease in Kepler’s level is clear evidence that our galaxies contain a much smaller amount of dark matter. The researchers write In the new paper About a third of the matter in the Milky Way is ordinary matter. The rest is dark matter.
This seems obvious, but it is not. Other spiral galaxies in the region do not suffer from Kepler decay. Therefore, our Milky Way Galaxy appears unique. How is that? One possible explanation is that the Milky Way has not experienced many collisions with other galaxies in the past. The last major merger with another galaxy occurred nine billion years ago, more than four billion years before the birth of our solar system. Another explanation could be different measurement methods. To determine the rotation curve of other galaxies, scientists look at neutral hydrogen gas. In the case of the Milky Way, a six-dimensional data set was used. Is it a matter of comparing apples and oranges?
There is no doubt that the search for the true weight of the Milky Way will continue. Fortunately, it is thanks to this kind of research that we learn more about our galaxy and the distribution of dark and visible matter.
“Web maven. Infuriatingly humble beer geek. Bacon fanatic. Typical creator. Music expert.”
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What is Cryptocurrency?
A cryptocurrency is a digital currency or virtual currency that has been secured with cryptography. This makes it almost impossible to counterfeit and double-spend. Many cryptocurrencies are distributed networks that use blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger that is enforced by many computers. The key feature of cryptocurrencies is their inability to be issued by any central authority. It makes them theoretically impervious to government manipulation or interference.
- A cryptocurrency is a digital asset that relies on a distributed network of computers. They can exist independently of central authorities and governments because they have a decentralized structure.
- Cryptocurrency is the name of encryption technique used to protect the network.
- Many cryptocurrencies include blockchains as an integral component. They are organizational methods that ensure the integrity of transactional information.
- Experts believe that blockchain technology and related technology will disrupt many industries, including law and finance.
- There are many reasons why cryptocurrencies have been criticized, including their illegal use, volatility in exchange rates, and vulnerability of the infrastructure that underpins them. They have also been praised for their transparency, portability, divisibility, and resistance to inflation.
Cryptocurrencies allow secure online payments and are denominated using virtual tokens, represented internally by the system’s ledger entries. Cryptography refers to various encryption algorithms and cryptographic methods that protect these entries. These include elliptical curve encryption and public-private key pair pairs, and hashing functions.
Watch This Video To Know About Cryptocurrency & Blockchain-
Different types of Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin was the first Cryptocurrency to be built on blockchain technology. It is still the most widely used and most valuable. There are many alternative cryptocurrencies available today, each with its functions and specifications. Some are clones of Bitcoin or forks, while others are brand new currencies.
Bitcoin was created in 2009 by an individual/group known as ” Satoshi Nakamoto” There were more than 18.8 million bitcoins currently in circulation, with a market cap of approximately $858.9billion. This number is constantly changing.
The “altcoins” are a variety of competing cryptocurrencies that were created by Bitcoin’s success. These include Litecoin and Peercoin. The total value of all cryptocurrencies will be more than $1.8 trillion by Aug. 2021. Bitcoin currently accounts for 46.5%.
Important Note- While Cryptocurrency is marketed as a money form, the Internal Review Service considers it a financial asset. The government will want a share of any capital gains you make by trading or selling Cryptocurrency. The U.S. Department of the Treasury published a proposal on May 20, 2021, that required taxpayers to report cryptocurrency transactions exceeding $10,000 to the IRS. The same tax treatment of the proceeds–as capital gains, ordinary income, or capital gains–depends upon how long the taxpayer had held the Cryptocurrency.
Advantages and disadvantages of Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrencies promise that they make it easy to transfer funds between two parties directly, without the need for any third party such as a bank or credit card company. Instead, these transfers are secured using public keys and private keys and different incentive systems like Proof of Work and Proof of Stake.
Modern cryptocurrency systems have a ” wallet” or account address. The public key has to be known by the owner, and the private key is only used to sign transactions. Users can avoid paying high fees for wire transfers from banks and financial institutions by transferring funds with minimal fees.
Because cryptocurrency transactions are semi-anonymous, they can be used for illegal activities such as money laundering or tax avoidance. Cryptocurrency advocates are often proud of their anonymity. They cite the benefits of privacy, such as protection for whistleblowers and activists living in repressive countries. Some cryptocurrencies are more private than others.
For example, Bitcoin is not a good choice for illegal online businesses. However, authorities have been able to identify and arrest criminals using forensic analysis of Bitcoin’s blockchain. 7 Other privacy-oriented coins, such as Dash, Monero, or ZCash, are more difficult to track.
Blockchain technology is central to the functionality and appeal of Bitcoin and another cryptocurrency. It is used to maintain an online ledger of all transactions. This ledger is shared by each node or computer that has a copy and can be accessed and agreed upon by the whole network.
Experts believe blockchain technology has great potential for online voting and crowdfunding. Major financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase (JPMorgan) also see the potential to reduce transaction costs by streamlining payment processing. If a backup copy is not available, the digital cryptocurrency balance could be lost or destroyed. There is also no central authority, government, or corporation to access your funds and personal information.
Total market cap of Bitcoin, as of Aug. 2021
Criticisms of Cryptocurrency
Market prices for Cryptocurrency are determined by supply and demand. This means that the rate at which a cryptocurrency is exchangeable for another currency can fluctuate greatly. The design of many cryptocurrencies creates high levels of scarcity.
Bitcoin has seen rapid rises and falls in value. It reached $17,738 in December 2017 before falling to $7,575 the following month.
It is possible that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are not rooted within any tangible goods. However, some research has shown that the market price of Bitcoin is directly linked to the cost of producing it.
Although cryptocurrency blockchains can be highly secure, other components of a cryptocurrency ecosystem, such as wallets and exchanges, are vulnerable to hacking. Several online exchanges were the victims of hacking over Bitcoin’s 10-year-old history. 10
Many people see potential benefits in Cryptocurrency, such as preserving value against inflation, facilitating exchange, and being simpler to transport and divide that precious metals. They also exist outside of the control of central banks or governments.
In Simple Words: What is Cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrencies allow secure online payments and are denominated as virtual tokens.
How do you get Cryptocurrency?
An investor can buy Cryptocurrency via crypto exchanges such as Coinbase, Cash App, and many more.
What is the point of Cryptocurrency?
Experts believe blockchain technology has great potential for online voting and crowdfunding. Major financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase (JPM) see the potential to lower transaction costs by streamlining payment processing.
How does Cryptocurrency make money?
Secure online payments can be made using cryptocurrencies. These currencies are denominated as virtual tokens, which are represented in ledger entries within the system. Investors have two options: mining Bitcoin or simply selling their Bitcoin for a profit.
What are the most popular cryptocurrencies?
Bitcoin is the most widely used Cryptocurrency. It is followed by other cryptocurrencies like Litecoin, Dogecoin, and Cardano.
In this article, We go through a complete detail of Cryptocurrency, But Do You Know You Can Earn Cryptocurrency Like Bitcoin and Dogecoin too. Here are the three ways I tried Online-
- Via Affiliate Marketing.
For detailed info, stay tuned for next week for the Next Week-
Till Then Sayonara, and Take Care.
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Effective management of relationships with stakeholders is crucial to resolving issues facing organizations. By using their influence, stakeholders hold the key to the business and social environment in which your organization operates and therefore its subsequent financial and operating performance. Thus the effective management of stakeholder relations should be an essential focus of organizational activity.
A stakeholder is any person, group or organization who can place a claim on an organization’s attention, resources or output, or is affected by that output. They have a stake in the organization, something at risk, and therefore something to gain or lose as a result of corporate activity.
And don’t call it stakeholder management! We can’t actually manage stakeholders. That term is quite misleading. We can only manage the relationship with them.
Stakeholder relations management is a key skill
The aim of stakeholder relations management is to influence stakeholder attitudes, decisions, and actions for mutual benefit. Stakeholders need to gain from the relationship or they may not be sufficiently motivated to cooperate. A skillful approach is required to balance as much as possible the interests of all parties involved. Thorough planning will build you the balance you are seeking.
The aim is to achieve mutual benefits
The benefits of using a stakeholder-based approach are:
- You can use the viewpoints of the main stakeholders to help shape your projects at an early stage. This makes it more likely they will support you, and their input can also improve the quality of your project.
- Gaining support from powerful stakeholders for your work can help convince senior management to allocate more resources to you. This makes it more likely your projects will be successful.
- By communicating with stakeholders early and often, you can ensure they know what you are doing and fully understand the benefits of your project. This means they can support you actively when necessary.
- You can anticipate what stakeholders’ reaction to your project is likely to be, and then you can build into your plan the actions that will win their support.
Steps in stakeholder relations management
The first steps in stakeholder relations management are to identify and prioritize stakeholders.
Identify your stakeholders
List the people, groups or organizations who are affected by your project, who have influence or power over it, or have an interest in its successful or unsuccessful conclusion. Stakeholders can be assessed systematically according to criteria such as influence, impact and alignment. For example, these questions can help assess their relevance:
- To what extent will your strategy affect each group, positively or negatively?
- How far does the strategy align with their existing beliefs about your organization’s values and purpose?
- How far do they share your organization’s values and purpose in this area?
- How robust is the existing relationship with them?
- What information do they need from you?
- How do they want to receive it?
- Who influences their opinions about this issue, and who influences their opinions of you? Are some of these secondary sources therefore potential stakeholders as well?
- What is their potential to influence the business directly or indirectly (via other stakeholders), positively or negatively?
- If they are not likely to be positive, what will get their support?
- If you can’t get their support, how will you manage their opposition?
- How likely will actions towards one stakeholder group influence the attitudes of other stakeholder groups?
- What are the consequences of this?
A very good way of finding the answers to these questions is to talk to your stakeholders directly – tactfully of course! They can be internal or external. Research reveals the most important stakeholder group. You can help the thoughts of stakeholders by asking them questions through a process of facilitation. People are often quite open about their views, and so asking them is often the first step in building a successful relationship. Seeking their advice is another good way to strengthen your relationship and add value from their input.
Prioritize your stakeholders
You may now have a long list of people and organizations that are affected by your work. Some of these may have the power either to block or advance your activities. Some may be interested in what you are doing; others may not care. Having identified your main stakeholders, you need to decide which of them are the most important. With limited resources, you should only deal actively with the most important ones.
Stakeholders can be prioritized numerically in a matrix showing a weighting of their importance, for instance out of a score of 10, against each of the most important factors relevant to a particular issue, also weighted out of 10, or a set of factors most important to the organization overall. These are discussed in my article, “How to calculate the value of stakeholders.”
Photo by Christina @ wocintechchat.com.
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| 0.961851 | 989 | 2.71875 | 3 |
British astronaut Helen Sharman, the first of seven Britons to enter space, has said that aliens definitely exist and it’s possible they’re living among us on Earth but have gone undetected so far.
“Aliens exist, there’s no two ways about it,” Sharman, who visited the Soviet Mir space station in 1991, said, The Guardian reported on Sunday.
“There are so many billions of stars out there in the universe that there must be all sorts of different forms of life,” she went on. “Will they be like you and me, made up of carbon and nitrogen? Maybe not.”
Then, in a tantalizing theory that should probably make you very suspicious of your colleagues, Sharman added: “It’s possible they’re here right now and we simply can’t see them.”
The chemist spent eight days as a researcher on the space mission when she was 27, making her one of the youngest people to enter orbit.
NASA rovers are trawling Mars for evidence of past or present life forms, but humankind’s endless fascination with extraterrestrial life forms has so far proved fruitless.
Sharman is not the only person to speculate that we’ve had brushes with aliens, though.
A former Pentagon official who led a secret government program to research potential UFOs, revealed in 2017, told CNN at the time that he believes there is evidence of alien life reaching Earth.
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https://dailyboulder.com/british-astronaut-aliens-exist-and-possibly-theyre-living-on-earth/
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en
| 0.952329 | 313 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This study aimed to identify latent classes based on the characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived by adolescents and their association with sex, socioeconomic status, body composition and movement behaviors. The file presents information related to the characteristics of the neighborhood environment are derived from the Neighborhood Walkability for Youth Scale (NEWS-Y), which were used in the LCA model to create latent classes about the adolescents' neighborhood environment. It also presents information regarding movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep) derived from accelerometry data; screen times and total sitting time information obtained by questionnaires. In addition to sociodemographic information (age, sex, socioeconomic status) and body composition. From the neighborhood data it was possible to find an LCA model with three classes were recognized: class 1, "Best Perceived Environment"; class 2, "Moderate Perceived Environment" and "Worst Perceived Environment". Then, the associations of the latent classes found with the variables measured and described above were tested. The results demonstrate that only Light physical activity, total sitting time, and socioeconomic status were associated with class prevalence. The findings highlight the influence of neighborhood classes on adolescents' Light physical activity and total sitting time.
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| 0.95032 | 240 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Data collaboration encompasses sharing information, insights, strategies, and resources across projects, organizations, and sectors, increasing efficiency and impact. People working in digital development have a shared vision to create a better world, and collaboration is essential to making this vision a reality. No single initiative or organization can make it happen alone. By collaborating, those working in digital development and beyond can pool their resources and expertise to benefit each initiative and strengthen the global community. Collaborating does not just happen accidentally; it requires time, planning, and dedicating resources to look for and develop opportunities. This guide details how organizations can collaborate with internal and external stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle.
Related Guides & Resources
'If you want to go fast, go alone, but if you want to go far, go together,' the saying goes. That’s why collaboration is a powerful tool. Whether building internal capacity to execute a data science project or creating agreements with other value-aligned organizations to share data, partnerships can yield enormous benefits. But in reality, they can also present challenges.
Resources from Responsible Data, Principles of Digital Development and +3
Data in and of itself is not valuable. A bunch of 1s and 0s sitting on a server somewhere or dashboards languishing unattended aren’t transforming your organization. Making your data actionable is the key to true data transformation. Most nonprofits don’t lack data; they lack insight and the ability to take action from that data.
Resources from Forbes, Responsible Data and +5
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https://data.org/resources/principles-for-digital-development-be-collaborative/
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| 0.910531 | 311 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In this day and age when everyone is concerned about the world’s limited resources and the impact of energy usage on the environment, it’s encouraging to know sustainable solutions are being developed and improved upon. Geothermal heating is one of those technologies that holds the potential to significantly change the way you heat your Keller home.
What Is Geothermal Heating?
Geothermal heating has been around for more than five decades. It’s the process of using the Earth’s natural heat, just under the surface, to warm your home’s air and water as well as cool your home in the summer. A geothermal heat pump essentially moves heat from your home into the ground in the summer or from the ground into your home in the winter.
How Does Geothermal Heating Work?
Most geothermal heating systems employ ground heat exchangers to move fluid within a closed-loop system. Heavy-duty plastic pipes sit either horizontally about six feet underground or vertically as deep as 600 feet. Less common are open-looped geothermal heating systems, which are connected to a well or pond. This system moves the water from the source into an indoor heat pump for temperature control.
A special fluid produced from water and environmentally friendly antifreeze circulates through the heat exchange pipes to absorb and dispel heat, either to or from the ground. When it reaches the heat pump, the heat is moved either into or out of your home depending on the season. The treated air is then circulated through your Texas home’s duct system.
Can I Modify My Current System?
An existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can be modified to add a geothermal heat pump. Our Decatur professionals can simply replace a furnace or air conditioning unit and attach a heat pump.
Local excavators will need to be contracted to help bury the underground pipes for heat exchange. Before digging, you may want to consider the pros and cons of vertical and horizontal piping.
Vertical pipe loops disturb less of your current landscape but are more expensive to install. Horizontal pipe loops are only buried about six feet deep and therefore less expensive. However, they require more land. The least expensive way to install geothermal heating is by submerging the pipe loops in a nearby lake or pond if you happen to live near one.
What Are the Costs and Return on Investment?
Geothermal heating systems can be significantly more expensive than a conventional HVAC system. Installation is much more complex and time-consuming.
However, geothermal systems are built to last for decades. A geothermal heat pump will typically have a life span of 25 years while underground piping loops are designed to last for more than 50 years. In addition, the US Department of Energy (DOE) reports that geothermal heating systems can reduce your energy bills by up to 65 percent.
Taking all of these factors into consideration, a homeowner can expect to recoup initial costs within a single decade.
Are There Other Benefits?
Geothermal heating systems are durable, are long lasting, and help you save energy. They use a renewable, existing resource in the heat of the earth and are both environmentally friendly and sustainable. Additionally, geothermal heating systems require very little maintenance. They use the least amount of electricity, produce the fewest emissions, and reduce water and air pollution.
Geothermal heating systems provide safe, stable, comfortable heat, generate less noise than a conventional system, and produce efficient humidity control for your home.
Contact Decatur for More Geothermal Information
For more information about geothermal heating systems, contact Decatur in Keller, TX. Our professionals can share the details of this sustainable, renewable source of energy as well as answer your questions. Call us at 940-627-1616 or request service online today.
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| 0.92803 | 782 | 2.65625 | 3 |
GopherCite: Teaching language models to support answers with verified quotes
DeepMind published a series of papers about large language models (LLMs) last year, including an analysis of Gopher, our large language model. Language modelling technology, which is also currently being developed by several other labs and companies, promises to strengthen many applications, from search engines to a new wave of chatbot-like conversational assistants and beyond. One paper in this series laid out a number of reasons why “raw” language models like Gopher do not meet our standards for safely deploying this technology in user-facing applications, especially if guard rails for managing problematic and potentially harmful behaviour are not set in place.
Our latest work focuses on one of these concerns: Language models like Gopher can “hallucinate” facts that appear plausible but are actually fake. Those who are familiar with this problem know to do their own fact-checking, rather than trusting what language models say. Those who are not, may end up believing something that isn’t true. This paper describes GopherCite, a model which aims to address the problem of language model hallucination. GopherCite attempts to back up all of its factual claims with evidence from the web. It uses Google Search to find relevant web pages on the internet and quotes a passage which tries to demonstrate why its response is correct. If the system is unable to form an answer that can be well-supported by evidence, it tells the user, “I don’t know”, instead of providing an unsubstantiated answer.
Supporting simple factual claims with easily verifiable evidence is one step towards making language models more trustworthy, both for users interacting with them and for annotators assessing the quality of samples. A comparison between the behaviour of “raw” Gopher and our new model is helpful for illustrating this change.
Based on GopherCite’s response, you’ll notice that Gopher invented a fact (“Lake Placid hosted the winter Olympics in 1936”) without warning. When shown a verified snippet from a relevant Wikipedia page by GopherCite, we can confirm that Lake Placid only hosted the Olympics twice, in 1932 and 1980.
To alter Gopher’s behaviour in this way, we trained Gopher according to human preferences. We asked participants in a user study to pick their preferred answer from a pair of candidates, according to criteria including how well the evidence supports the answers given. These labels were used as training data for both supervised learning on highly rated samples and for reinforcement learning from human preferences (RLHP). We also took this approach in our recent work on red teaming.
We are not the only ones interested in this problem of factual inaccuracy in language models. Our colleagues at Google recently made progress on factual grounding in their latest LaMDA system, having a conversational model interact with Google Search and sometimes share relevant URLs. Indeed, GopherCite’s training regimen uses similar methodology to that of LaMDA, but a critical difference is that we aim to provide a specific snippet of relevant evidence, rather than simply pointing the user to a URL. Based on motivations similar to our own, OpenAI has recently announced work developing a closely related system called WebGPT, which also applies RLHP to align their GPT-3 language model. Whereas GopherCite focuses on reading long document inputs, WebGPT carefully curates the context presented to the language model by interacting multiple times with a web browser. It also cites evidence to back up its responses. Similarities and differences between these systems and our own are discussed in our paper and we also demonstrate that GopherCite very often provides compelling evidence for its claims.
We conducted a user study with paid participants to assess the model on two types of questions: fact-seeking questions typed into Google Search (released by Google in a dataset called “NaturalQuestions”), and explanation-seeking questions which Reddit users asked on a forum called “/r/eli5” (“Explain it Like I’m 5 [years old]”). The participants in our study determined that GopherCite answers fact-seeking questions correctly – and with satisfactory evidence – about 80% of the time, and does so for explanation-seeking questions about 67% of the time. When we allow GopherCite to refrain from answering some questions, its performance improves dramatically amongst the questions it does choose to answer (see the paper for details). This explicit mechanism for abstaining is a core contribution of our work.
But when we evaluate the model on a set of “adversarial” questions, which attempt to trick the model into parroting a fiction or misconception that is stated on the internet, GopherCite often falls into the trap. For instance, when asked “what does Red Bull give you?”, here is how it responds:
We think this failure mode and others discussed in our paper can be avoided by enriching the setting, moving from a “single-shot” reply to a user’s question, to one in which the model can ask clarifying questions of the user and engage in a dialogue. For example, we could enable future models to ask the user whether they want an answer that is literally true or one that is true in the confines of the fictional world of a Red Bull advertisement.
In summary, we think GopherCite is an important step forward, but building it has taught us that evidence citation is only one part of an overall strategy for safety and trustworthiness. More fundamentally, not all claims require quote evidence – and as we demonstrated above, not all claims supported by evidence are true. Some claims require multiple pieces of evidence along with a logical argument explaining why the claim follows. We will continue working in this area and aim to overcome the issues presented with further research and development as well as dedicated sociotechnical research.
Our paper covers many more details about our methods, experiments, and relevant context from the research literature. We have also created an FAQ about GopherCite, answered by the model itself after reading the paper's introduction (using candidate samples curated by the authors):
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https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/gophercite-teaching-language-models-to-support-answers-with-verified-quotes/
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| 0.949576 | 1,283 | 3.046875 | 3 |
You’re likely familiar with frames per second (FPS) if you like the latest or best technology. In order to gain an advantage over your rivals while gaming, you need the best quality picture for watching movies. But FPS is unknown to many people and does not pertain to them. They often wonder If a 60 fps and 120 fps video can be discerned by the human eye? In the end, they are clueless about it. Thus to know more about it, keep reading.
What is the maximum speed that the human eye can perceive?
Visual stimuli are usually measured in frames per second (fps) because our eyes movement are not at a specific speed always. There is a certain pace at which our eyes perceive visual cues in the world around us. There is no definitive answer about how many frames a second the average human can see, but the consensus is between 30 and 60 frames per second. According to some scientists, some may even have even more than that. Because of this, you may be perplexed by the fact that why modern video games, especially VR games, include significantly greater frame rates and more complex graphics? Reason being, our range of vision may be more than we initially imagined.
Is the human eye capable of seeing 60 fps?
The human eye is capable of seeing 60 frames per second and may even be able to see a little more. High-definition (HD) video is shot at 60 frames per second; this frame rate is often employed because it is NTSC-compatible. Human eyes are also able to perceive it as a rate of frames. The human visual system can process between 20 and 60 fps. In addition, some people have the ability to see much more than that, say the experts. Though it has been theorised that humans can only perceive up to 60 frames per second, tests have been conducted in which subjects are shown for content at frame rates ranging from 60 to 240 in an effort to spot the differences; these results suggest that humans can actually perceive up to 240 frames per second..
Is the human eye capable of seeing 120 fps?
Yes, Human eyes can recognize 120 frames per second, though not all individuals are able to do so. As the frame rate per second increases, the motion will become smoother. In games, 240fps makes the action smoother, which gives gamers the best gaming experience. Whenever a scene is shot in slow motion in movies, a high frame rate is used, which results in slower action, such as a bullet escaping a gun and shattering a window. Most of the action is captured at 240 frames per second; however increasing the frame rate will make the scenes more engaging. Yes, the eyes and human brain can see 120 frames per second, but the limit is higher than 120 frames per second.
Are 60fps and 120fps distinguishable by the human eye?
In terms of human eyesight, they are capable of detecting 40 fps at a glance. Over 80% of the time, humans process images in their brains. Human brains perceive reality at 24-48 frames per second, according to scientists. Human brains have the capability of processing images at 600,00 times the rate of text. On the other hand, a display with a refresh rate of 60 hertz can render 60 images per second. Therefore, if you increase your FPS from 60 to 120 Hz on a monitor with 60 Hz refresh rate, you won’t see any such difference since the monitor will not be able to draw the images at that rate.
Thus, things beyond 60Hz cannot be seen by human eyes. So why do 120fps/144fps monitors perform better than others? The reason is that the brain is responsible for seeing, not the eye. Therefore, technically, human eyes are capable of seeing beyond 120 frames per second. But in the process of transmitting information directly to the brain, the eye loses or alters certain characteristics.
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https://dibbyyan.me/can-the-human-eye-tell-the-difference-between-60fps-and-120fps/
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| 0.946043 | 791 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Our What is my IP Address tool allows you to quickly and easily find out your device's IP address. This can be particularly useful if you're experiencing network connectivity issues or need to access your device remotely and need your IP address to do so.
An IP address, or Internet Protocol address, is a unique numerical identifier assigned to every device that connects to the internet. It allows devices to communicate with each other and enables the transfer of data between them.
This FAQ section covers some of the most commonly asked questions about IP address.
Knowing your IP address can be useful for a number of reasons, such as troubleshooting network connectivity issues, enabling remote access to your devices, and identifying potential security threats.
Yes, your IP address can be used to approximate your physical location, although it is not always precise.
You can use our tool to quickly and easily find out your device's IP address.
Yes, you can typically change your IP address by resetting your modem or router, or by using a virtual private network (VPN).
Websites use your IP address to identify your device and provide you with personalized content and advertising.
Your IP address itself does not affect your internet speed, but other factors such as network congestion and your internet service provider can impact your speed.
It is possible for someone else to use your IP address, but it is unlikely unless they have access to your network or have hacked into your device.
It is generally safe to share your IP address, but you should be cautious about sharing personal information that could be used to identify you.
You can protect your privacy by using a virtual private network (VPN) or by using the network to browse the internet anonymously.
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https://dnslookup.pro/what-is-my-ip-address
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| 0.935605 | 345 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Davey, P., 2009: A widespread species found throughout the British Isles, the larva feeding on bedstraw (Galium spp.). In Dorset, the moth frequents two biotypes: the first is unimproved grassland where lady's bedstraw (Galium verum) abounds on chalky soil both inland and along the Jurassic coast; on optimum sites it is common. The second biotype is heathland and grassland on acid soil in the Poole Basin where heath bedstraw (Galium saxatile) grows; in these habitats it is at low density.
Recorded in 40 (100%) of 40 10k Squares. First Recorded in 1895. Last Recorded in 2019. (Data up to end 2019) Additional Stats
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https://dorsetmoths.co.uk/index.php?bf=19920
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| 0.873009 | 159 | 3.140625 | 3 |
The final 2015 duck population trends and pond estimates from the annual USFWS Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey are now available. The estimate of 49.5 million breeding ducks was similar to last year’s estimate of 49.2 million, and 43% above the long-term average. The total pond estimate was 6.3 million, which was 12% below last year’s estimate of 7.2 million and 21% above the long-term average of 5.2 million. Despite an early spring over most of the survey area, habitat conditions were similar to or poorer than last year. In many areas, the decline in habitat conditions was due to average to below-average annual precipitation, with the exception of portions of southern Saskatchewan and central latitudes of eastern Canada.
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<urn:uuid:0e81c007-2f2d-43b0-8fe3-c854cec98f22>
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https://ducksg.org/2015/07/status/trends-in-north-american-ducks-2015/
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| 0.948653 | 162 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Waterbird Population Estimates
The Waterbird Population Estimates process underpins waterbird conservation by collating and disseminating the latest information on population size and trend. These estimates have numerous applications for conservation, such as the use of 1% thresholds to identify internationally important wetlands under the Ramsar Convention. They are updated approximately 3-yearly, with WPE6 now open for consultation.
Estimates for all migratory African and European waterbird populations are first updated for the AEWA Conservation Status Report, and these then feed into the subsequent WPE update. A review of these estimates has recently been completed, and will be made available following the AEWA Meeting of Parties in November 2015.
The consultation for WPE6, which includes all non-migratory duck populations and all migratory populations outside of the African-Eurasian flyway, is now underway. Specialist Group networks are a key source of expert input to this process and Wetlands International is therefore keen to collaborate with any DSG members in a position to help. In order to facilitate this they have established an online forum; further details about this can be found here. Draft population estimates will be available for registered users to review on the WPE online database. Please register through this link and then use the Search function on the WPE online home page to select “WPE6 draft” in the list of publications.
In addition to updating population estimates, Wetlands International are also developing flyway boundary maps for all duck populations. These already exist for Africa-Eurasia (see Scott & Rose 1996 and the Critical Sites Network Tool), but need to be developed for all other duck populations. The DSG has already drafted maps for most South American species, and these will be made available for consultation. An online system for consultation is currently being developed by Wetlands International, and details about this will be provided here in due course. It is anticipated that most maps will be finalised by the end of 2015.
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https://ducksg.org/projects/wpe/
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| 0.915315 | 403 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Internal Biases Are Linked to Disrupted Cue Combination in Children and Adults"
Negen, James; Slater, Heather; Bird, Laura-Ashleigh; Nardini, Marko
Miss Laura Bird [email protected]
Professor Marko Nardini [email protected]
Cue combination describes the use of two sensory cues together to increase perceptual precision. Internal relative bias describes a situation in which two cues to the same state of the world are perceived as signalling different states of the world on average. Current theory and evidence have difficulty accounting for many instances where cue combination is absent, such as in children under 10 years old, and in a variety of tasks. Here we show that internal relative biases between cues could be a key explanatory factor. Experiment 1, studying children’s 3D (slant) perception via disparity and texture, found a negative cross-sectional correlation between internal relative bias and cue combination behaviour in 7-10 year olds. Strikingly, children who had below-median levels of internal relative bias were able to combine cues, unlike the typical result for that age range. Experiment 2, studying adults’ visual-auditory localisation, found that cue combination behaviour increased after an intervention designed to decrease internal relative bias. We interpret this as strong but preliminary evidence that internal relative bias can disrupt cue combination behaviour. This provides a plausible mechanism to explain why children under 10 generally do not combine cues, and why audio-visual cue combination is so inconsistent in adults. Moving forward, we suggest that researchers who fail to find an expected cue combination effect should further investigate the possibility of issues with internal relative bias. Decreasing internal relative bias may also be an important goal for rehabilitation and sensory substitution or augmentation approaches to promoting efficient multisensory perception.
Negen, J., Slater, H., Bird, L., & Nardini, M. (2022). Internal Biases Are Linked to Disrupted Cue Combination in Children and Adults". Journal of Vision, 22(12), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.12.14
|Journal Article Type||Article|
|Acceptance Date||Sep 28, 2022|
|Online Publication Date||Nov 15, 2022|
|Deposit Date||Sep 28, 2022|
|Publicly Available Date||Nov 21, 2022|
|Journal||Journal of Vision|
|Publisher||Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology|
|Peer Reviewed||Peer Reviewed|
Published Journal Article
Publisher Licence URL
Copyright 2022 The Authors.<br /> This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Sensory Cue Combination in Children Under 10 Years of Age
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What is a critical thinking essay?
A critical thinking essay is a type of writing that is aimed to improve your analytical skills. For example, critical thinking in essay writing will help nurses analyze their experience, reflect on a situation, solve problems, and make the right decisions in a new situation.
What is the highest level of critical thinking?
Higher level thinking includes concept formation, concept connection, getting the big picture, visualization, problem solving, questioning, idea generation, analytical (critical) thinking, practical thinking/application, and synthesizing/creative thinking.
What makes a good critical thinker?
Critical thinkers think clearly and rationally, and make logical connections between ideas — they are crucial to exploring and understanding the world we live in. Critical thinkers are focused on constantly upgrading their knowledge, and they engage in independent self-learning.
Who are the best critical thinkers?
They are critical thinkers.Albert Einstein.Charles Darwin.Galileo Galilei.Martin Luther King, Jr. Inspired millions with his talent for argument; his “I have a dream” speech—a rallying cry for equal rights—still resonates 50 years on. Simone de Beauvoir.Edwin Hubble.Marie Curie.Sir Isaac Newton.
Are you born with critical thinking skills?
Children are not born with the power to think critically, nor do they develop this ability naturally beyond survival-level thinking. Critical thinking is a learned ability that must be taught. Most individuals never learn it. Critical thinking cannot be taught reliably to students by peers or by most parents.
How do you describe critical thinking?
Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action.
How do I teach my child critical thinking?
Here are some tips and ideas to help children build a foundation for critical thinking:Provide opportunities for play.Pause and wait.Don’t intervene immediately.Ask open-ended questions.Help children develop hypotheses.Encourage critical thinking in new and different ways.
What is critical thinking in early childhood?
Critical thinking happens when children draw on their existing knowledge and experience, as well as on their problem-solving skills, to do things like: Compare and contrast. Explain why things happen. Evaluate ideas and form opinions. Understand the perspectives of others.
What is student critical thinking?
Students who can think critically grow into lifelong problem solvers. Critical thinking with students means that they can take information and analyze it, draw conclusions, form and defend opinions with data to back it up, reflect on their work, and approach problems in a systematic way.
How do students use critical thinking?
Students develop critical thinking through geographical investigations that help them think logically when evaluating and using evidence, testing explanations, analysing arguments and making decisions, and when thinking deeply about questions that do not have straightforward answers.
How do you test critical thinking?
The most effective way to measure critical thinking is to use a validated critical thinking skills test to assess the skills used to solve problems and make decisions AND to use a critical thinking mindset measure to assess the level of the person’s consistent internal motivation or willingness to use his or her …
How do you interview critical thinking?
You can determine a candidate’s critical thinking skills by asking them to describe past experiences or presenting them with hypothetical scenarios. Your questions should be thought-provoking, but not tricky for the sake of it. You are there to encourage a candidate to give a full response.
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An elechek is a traditional women’s headdress in the form of a turban, and was a sign of the social status of women in ancient times. They are an important part of the cultural heritage of the Kyrgyz.
Elechek – women’s headdress. An elechek consists of three parts: a cap that is placed on the head and on top which is a small rectangular piece of cloth covering the neck and sewn under the chin, all crowned with metres of white linen in “turban” style.
A woman first wore an elechek when she became a bride and was sent to her husband’s house for the first time. Elecheki differ by region and area. They not only indicated the status of a woman in a family, but also showed her belonging to a clan-tribe. Women with a higher position wore bigger sizes and the number of times the linen was wrapped around the head determined the nobility of the wearer.
An elechek comprise from 8 to 21 meters of fabric. The headdress can be decorated with embroidery. Widows wore black elecheks.
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“Punch pillows!” is a common piece of advice children hear regarding how to manage anger. The idea behind this advice is that people have to let their anger out or they’ll explode aggressively. Unfortunately, there’s not a shred of evidence that this is helpful (Kennedy-Moore & Watson, 2001). In fact, “venting” anger tends to rehearse and intensify it.
For example, in one study, Brad Bushman angered college student participants by giving them evaluations, supposedly from another study participant, on an essay they had written. The fake evaluations were extremely critical and included comments such as “This is one of the worst essays I have read!” as well as very poor scores on numerical ratings of qualities such as organization, originality, and clarity.
Next, participants either saw a picture of their supposed critic and hit a punching bag while thinking about that person (venting condition), hit a punching bag while thinking about exercise and physical fitness (active distraction condition), or just sat quietly for two minutes (control condition). Afterward, those in the venting condition reported feeling angrier and behaved more aggressively than the control group. The people in the active distraction group were less angry but not less aggressive than the venting group. Participants in the control group, who just waited, had the lowest levels of anger and aggression.
Understanding the Process of Emotion Regulation
So if punching pillows is likely just to intensify children’s anger, what are better strategies we can teach our kids? To answer that question, we first need to take a step back and look at how emotions come about. James Gross (2013; Gross & Thompson, 2007), in his process model of emotion regulation, outlines five points at which people can alter their emotional responses:
- Situation Selection involves seeking out or avoiding situations that are likely to trigger particular emotions.
- Situation Modification involves doing things to alter a situation in order to change its emotional impact.
- Attentional Deployment means using distraction or concentrating on something to lessen or heighten emotional responses.
- Cognitive Change means adjusting interpretations of an emotion-triggering event or judgments about an individual’s capacity to cope with it.
- Response Modulation involves doing things to alter the physiological, experiential, or behavioral aspects of an emotional reaction, after it has been generated. Some response modulation strategies may alter the situation, cycling back through earlier steps.
Parents can help children with every step of the emotion regulation process. Take the example of a child who gets angry at a sibling for knocking over a block tower. Parents could influence Situation Selection by making sure the child isn’t tired or hungry and therefore more prone to responding angrily. Situation Modification could involve anticipating the mishap and instructing the child to move the block tower to a place where it’s less likely to get knocked over. Attention Deployment might mean suggesting a snack or going outside to distract the child from the tumbled tower. Cognitive Change might involve explaining to the child that the sibling knocked it over by accident or that the tower can easily be rebuilt in an even better way. Response Modulation could involve helping the child to rebuild the tower or encouraging the child to “use her words” to ask the sibling to move over or to help pick up the blocks.
Within this framework, the first four steps constitute antecedent-focused emotion regulation, because they target processes involved in the generation of emotion. The final step is response-focused regulation because it involves adjusting what people do to cope with an emotion that has already fully emerged. It’s often easier and more effective to manage emotions earlier rather than later in the process.
Seen within this context, it’s not surprising that punching pillows to try to manage anger isn’t effective. It does nothing to alter the situation or how children view it.
How Parents Can Teach Anger Management
So, how can parents help children learn to manage their emotions? Here are some guidelines:
1. Put safety first.
When children are very angry, they may lash out in aggressive ways. When prevention wasn’t possible, often the first step in anger management is to help children step away from the situation to calm down. This can also prevent further escalation. Out-of-control children need parents to step in gently—but firmly—so they don’t hurt others or break things.
2. Talk things through.
Once your child has calmed down enough to think clearly, let your child tell you what happened. A recent study by Wainryb and colleagues (2018) showed that just telling a narrative of an anger-inducing event can help children and teens feel less angry both immediately and one week later. Explaining the sequence of events slows children down and engages the thinking part of their brain. Express empathy so your child feels heard and comforted.
After that, you can ask questions to help your child understand other people’s perspectives and use healthy communication or problem-solving. For example, you could ask, “What could you say to him?” “How is she likely to react if you do that?” “What can we do to prevent this from happening again?” or “What could you do to make things a little bit better right now?”
Responding to children’s anger with gentleness and compassion makes it easier for children to deal with strong feelings and think things through. Angry or punitive responses to children’s anger, on the other hand, add to children’s stress when they’re already feeling overwhelmed.
3. Model appropriate expression.
Children learn more from what we do than from what we say. When parents respond to their own anger in aggressive ways, they not only trigger more anger in children, they also teach that yelling, hitting, or being mean are appropriate ways to behave when angry. Everyone feels angry sometimes, but we want to teach our children that it’s possible to feel angry and still treat others respectfully.
Overall, effective anger management requires that children learn to think about and manage the full process of emotion regulation, addressing the situation, their internal thoughts and reactions, and their external behavior and how that impacts other people or the situation.
The strategy of punching pillows implies that anger is something that needs to be gotten rid of. It’s not. It’s a source of information about ourselves and our environment. Children need to learn to understand it and cope with it in ways that make their lives better.
Bushman, B. J. (2002). Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 724-731.
Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion Regulation: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Emotion, 13, 359–365.
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Kennedy-Moore, E., & Watson, J. C. (2001). Expressing Emotion: Myths, Realities, and Therapeutic Strategies. New York: Guilford Press.
Wainryb, C., Pasupathi, M., Bourne, S., & Oldroyd, K. (2018). Stories for all ages: Narrating anger reduces distress across childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 54, 1072-1085.
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Parkinson’s disease is a nervous system disorder affecting more men than women and those mainly over 65 years of age. Here are some early signs of Parkinson’s disease:
Loss of Smell – 70-90% of patients have a dulled sense of smell, have difficulty detecting smells, identifying smells or differentiating odors.
Sleep Problems – Many patients have insomnia, fatigue, sleep apnea and nightmares.
- Poor Balance
- Slowness of Movement
- Reduced Facial Expressions often called facial masking
- Vocal Changes – voices often become softer or fade away
- Stooped or Hunched Posture
- Psychological Effects – depression, anxiety, dementia, confusion
- Weight Loss
- Tremors – twitching or shaking hands, legs or chins -typically appearing first on one side of the body
- Difficulty walking – shuffling gaits
- Cramped Handwriting
If you have these signs or symptoms, see your physician to seek treatment. There are medications to manage these symptoms and the earlier you can be diagnosed the better you and your provider can manage Parkinson’s disease. ElderCare 4 Families helps many Parkinson’s patients. If you need assistance, please call us at 502-244-8446.
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George C. Williams
George Christopher Williams
May 12, 1926
|Died||September 8, 2010(aged 84)|
|Known for||theories of natural selection|
|Awards||Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal (1992)|
Crafoord Prize (1999)
|Institutions||Stony Brook University|
Williams was a professor of biology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook who was best known for his vigorous critique of group selection. The work of Williams in this area, along with W. D. Hamilton, John Maynard Smith, Richard Dawkins, and others led to the development of the gene-centered view of evolution in the 1960s.
Williams' 1957 paper Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence is one of the most influential in 20th century evolutionary biology, and contains at least 3 foundational ideas. The central hypothesis of antagonistic pleiotropy remains the prevailing evolutionary explanation of senescence. In this paper Williams was also the first to propose that senescence should be generally synchronized by natural selection. According to this original formulation
... if the adverse genic effects appeared earlier in one system than any other, they would be removed by selection from that system more readily than from any other. In other words, natural selection will always be in greatest opposition to the decline of the most senescence-prone system.
This important concept of synchrony of senescence was taken up a short time later by John Maynard Smith, and the origin of the idea is often misattributed to him, including in his obituary in the journal Nature. Finally, Williams' 1957 paper was the first to outline the "grandmother hypothesis". William's formulation stated that natural selection might select for menopause and post-reproductive life in females (though not explicitly mentioning grandchildren or the inclusive fitness contribution of grand-parenting).
In his first book, Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966), Williams advocated a "ground rule - or perhaps doctrine would be a better term - ... that adaptation is a special and onerous concept that should only be used where it is really necessary", and that, when it is necessary, selection among genes or individuals would in general be the preferable explanation for it. He elaborated this view in later books and papers, which contributed to the development of a gene-centered view of evolution. Richard Dawkins built upon Williams' ideas around selection and genes in his book The Selfish Gene (1976).
In Sex and Evolution (1975), he attempted to explain why many species use exclusive sexual reproduction despite its “twofold cost". He proposed several explanatory models ( “aphid-rotifer model,” the “strawberry-coral model,” and “elm-oyster model"), though found all of them insufficient. He even considered the possibility that sex is a maladaption for some species:
When major taxonomic groups all share a certain feature, it is unlikely that the feature has the same adaptive significance throughout the group. It may even be maladaptive for the majority... The fact that parthenogenesis or its equivalent, if found in a vertebrate population, has always replaced sexual reproduction entirely, is decisive evidence of the maladaptive nature of sexuality in these organisms. (Chapter 9)
In later books, including Natural Selection: Domains, Levels and Challenges, Williams softened his views on group selection, recognizing that clade selection, trait group selection and multilevel selection did sometimes occur in nature, something he had earlier thought to be so unlikely it could be safely ignored.
Williams became convinced that the genic neo-Darwinism of his earlier years, while essentially correct as a theory of microevolutionary change, could not account for evolutionary phenomena over longer time scales, and was thus an "utterly inadequate account of the evolution of the Earth's biota" (1992, p. 31). In particular, he became a staunch advocate of clade selection – a generalisation of species selection to monophyletic clades of any rank – which could potentially explain phenomena such as adaptive radiations, long-term phylogenetic trends, and biases in rates of speciation/extinction. In Natural Selection (1992), Williams argued that these phenomena cannot be explained by selectively-driven allele substitutions within populations, the evolutionary mechanism he had originally championed over all others. This book thus represents a substantial departure from the position of Adaptation and Natural Selection.
Williams received a Ph.D. in biology from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1955. At Stony Brook he taught courses in marine vertebrate zoology, and he often used ichthyological examples in his books.
In 1992, Williams was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. He won the Crafoord Prize for Bioscience jointly with Ernst Mayr and John Maynard Smith in 1999. Richard Dawkins describes Williams as "one of the most respected of American evolutionary biologists".
- Williams, G.C. 1966. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
- Williams, G.C., ed. 1971. Group Selection. Aldine-Atherton, Chicago.
- Williams, G.C. 1975. Sex and Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
- Paradis, J. and G.C. Williams. 1989. T.H. Huxley's Evolution and Ethics : with New Essays on its Victorian and Sociobiological Context. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
- Williams, G.C. 1992. Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Nesse, R.M. and G.C. Williams. 1994. Why We Get Sick : the New Science of Darwinian Medicine. Times Books, New York.
- Williams, G.C. 1996. Plan and Purpose in Nature. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London (published in the U.S. in 1997 as The Pony Fish's Glow : and Other Clues to Plan and Purpose in Nature. Basic Books, New York).
- Williams, G. C. (1957). "Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence". Evolution. 11 (4): 398–411. doi:10.2307/2406060. JSTOR 2406060.
- Williams, G. C.; Williams, D. C. (1957). "Natural selection of individually harmful social adaptations among sibs with special reference to social insects". Evolution. 11 (1): 32–39. doi:10.2307/2405809. JSTOR 2405809.
- Williams, G. C. (1966). "Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack's principle". The American Naturalist. 100 (916): 687–690. doi:10.1086/282461. JSTOR 2459305. S2CID 84993886.
- Williams, G. C.; Mitton, J. B. (1973). "Why reproduce sexually?". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 39 (3): 545–554. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90067-2. PMID 4730017.
- Williams, G. C. (1979). "The question of adaptive sex ratio in outcrossed vertebrates". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 205 (1161): 567–580. Bibcode:1979RSPSB.205..567W. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0085. JSTOR 77446. PMID 42061. S2CID 35775599.
- Hrdy, S. B.; Williams, G. C. (1983). "Behavioral biology and double standard". In Wasser, S. K. (ed.). Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates. New York, United States: Academic Press. pp. 3–17. ISBN 9780124313415.
- Taylor, P. O.; Williams, G. C. (1984). "Demographic parameters at evolutionary equilibrium". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 62 (11): 2264–2271. doi:10.1139/z84-329.
- Williams, G. C. (1985). "A defense of reductionism in evolutionary biology". In Dawkins, R.; Ridley, M. (eds.). Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology: Volume 2. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–27. ISBN 9780198541745.
- Williams, G. C. (1988). "Huxley's Evolution and Ethics in Sociobiological Perspective". Zygon. 23 (4): 383–438. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.1988.tb00852.x.
- Williams, G. C.; Nesse, R. M. (1991). "The dawn of Darwinian medicine". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 66 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1086/417048. JSTOR 2830330. PMID 2052670. S2CID 40357032.
- Williams, G. C. (1992). "Gaia, nature worship and biocentric fallacies". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 67 (4): 479–486. doi:10.1086/417796. JSTOR 2832018. S2CID 84360055.
- Williams, G. C. (1993). "Mother nature is a wicked old witch". In Nitecki, M. H.; Nitecki, D. V. (eds.). Evolutionary Ethics. Albany, United States: SUNY Press. pp. 217–232. ISBN 9780791414996.
- Williams, G. C. (1999). "The Tithonus error in modern gerontology". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 74 (4): 405–415. doi:10.1086/394111. JSTOR 2664720. PMID 10672642. S2CID 83654243.
- Williams, G. C. (2008). "A package of information". In Brockman, J. (ed.). The Third Culture: Beyond The Scientific Revolution. New York, United States: Touchstone. pp. 38–50. ISBN 9780684823447.
- Williams, G. C. (2008). "Darwinian medicine". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0001726.pub2. ISBN 978-0470016176.
Williams supervised an undergraduate project in 1985 which consisted of a student, Mitchell Behm, tossing live animals into tubs with domesticated ferrets, which Behm subsequently admitted he partly did "for his own amusement." Dr. Charles Middleton, Director of the Division of Laboratory Animal Resources stated, "If animals are just going to tear each other up, the experiment would not have been approved." Ferrets were illegal in New York at the time, without a license, which neither individual had.
After police investigation, Williams received a formal reprimand from SUNY Stony Brook for never receiving approval because of not detailing the pain of the animals involved, and for allowing non-campus animals to participate. Because the statute of limitations had expired, Williams narrowly escaped strict disciplinary action, in addition to criminal prosecution. Dr. Mark Lerman, Medical Director of Lifeline for Wildlife said there was no justification and that the experiment was completely useless.
The experiments were in direct violation of the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and its PHS policy amendment introducing the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee model, to which SUNY and all of its researchers were subject in 1988.
- Dawkins, Richard. "George C. Williams (1926-2010)". Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
- "George C. Williams (1926-2010)". September 9, 2010.
- Meyer, A. (2010). "George C. Williams (1926–2010)". Nature. 467 (7317): 790. Bibcode:2010Natur.467..790M. doi:10.1038/467790a. PMID 20944730.
- Williams, George C. (1957). "Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence". Evolution. 11 (4): 398–411. doi:10.2307/2406060. JSTOR 2406060.
- Szathmáry, E. R.; Hammerstein, P. (2004). "Obituary: John Maynard Smith (1920–2004)". Nature. 429 (6989): 258–259. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..258S. doi:10.1038/429258a. PMID 15152239.
- Adaptation and Natural Selection p4
- Grafen, Alan; Ridley, Mark (2006). Richard Dawkins: How A Scientist Changed the Way We Think. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-929116-8.
- Dawkins, Richard (October 2010). "George C. Williams (1926–2010)". Science. 330 (6000): 49–49. doi:10.1126/science.1197701. ISSN 0036-8075.
- Brockman, John. "Part One: The Evolutionary Idea". Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- George C. Williams, Natural Selection: Domains, Levels and Challenges, (Oxford University Press, 1992), 23-55
- Okasha, Samir. "Maynard Smith on the levels of selection question" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2010. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
- "Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
- Dawkins, Richard (2009). The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution. London: Bantam Press. p. 364. ISBN 978-0-593-06173-2. OCLC 390663505.
- "Investigation Continues on Animal Abuse" (PDF). SUNY of Stony Brook Statesman. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- "USDA Animal Care: Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- "PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals". National Institutes of Health: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- Official website
- Article from Science by Carl Zimmer
- A Conversation With George C. Williams by Frans Roes Archived July 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
- Obituary by Richard Dawkins, October 1, 2010 Archived October 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- Stephen C. Stearns, "George Christopher Williams", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2011)
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Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Redirected from Famous)
Fame is the state of being well-known and spoken of.
- Let the cymbals of popularity tinkle still. Let the butterfiles of fame glitter with their wings. I shall envy neither their music nor their colors.
- Even a master of the three knowledges,
who has conquered death, and is without defilements,
is looked down on for being unknown
by ignorant fools.
But any person here
who gets food and drink
is honored by them
even if they are of bad character.
- Venerable Ajina, in Theragatha 2.5
- Ah! who can tell how hard it is to climb
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar!
- James Beattie, The Minstrel (1771), Stanza 1.
- FAMOUS, adj. Conspicuously miserable.
- Ambrose Bierce, The Cynic's Dictionary (1906); republished as The Devil's Dictionary (1911).
- A celebrity is a person who is known for his well-knownness.
- Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America (1961), Chapter 3, p. 57.
- Fame, (fame) what you get is no tomorrow
Fame, (fame) what you need you have to borrow
- Is it any wonder I reject you first?
Fame, fame, fame, fame
Is it any wonder you are too cool to fool
- David Bowie, in "Fame", on Young Americans (1975).
- I think fame itself is not a rewarding thing. The most you can say is that it gets you a seat in restaurants.
- In the past, ... when a bhikkhu was a forest dweller and spoke in praise of forest dwelling; ... when he was secluded and spoke in praise of solitude; when he was aloof from society and spoke in praise of aloofness from society; … the elder bhikkhus would invite him to a seat. ... Now it is the bhikkhu who is well known and famous ... that the elder bhikkhus invite to a seat. ... Then it occurs to the newly ordained bhikkhus: ‘It seems that when a bhikkhu is well known and famous, ... the elder bhikkhus invite him to a seat.’ ... They practise accordingly, and that leads to their harm and suffering for a long time.
- What is the end of Fame? 'tis but to fill
A certain portion of uncertain paper:
Some liken it to climbing up a hill,
Whose summit, like all hills, is lost in vapour:
For this men write, speak, preach, and heroes kill,
And bards burn what they call their "midnight taper,"
To have, when the original is dust,
A name, a wretched picture, and worse bust.
- Ó glória de mandar! Ó vã cobiça
Desta vaidade, a quem chamamos Fama!
- Je ne dois qu'à moi seul toute ma renommée.
- I owe my fame only to myself.
- Pierre Corneille, "L'Excuse à Ariste" (1637).
- I am not concerned that I have no place; I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known; I seek to be worthy to be known.
- Being a star has made it possible for me to get insulted in places where the average Negro could never hope to go and get insulted.
- Sammy Davis, Jr., Yes I Can (1965), Part 3, Chapter 23.
- How dreary — to be — Somebody!
How public — like a Frog —
To tell one's name — the livelong June —
To an admiring Bog!
- Emily Dickinson, "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" (1891). In some editions "June" has been altered to "day".
- Fame is a food that dead men eat —
I have no stomach for such meat.
- Henry Austin Dobson, Fame Is a Food That Dead Men Eat (poem), st. 1.
- Fame! I'm gonna live forever
I'm gonna learn how to fly (high!)
I feel it coming together
People will see me and cry!
- Fame (film) (1980)
- “There is fame and there is infamy,” she said. “The impatient and the prideful are often driven to reach for the one and find that, in their haste, they have grabbed the other.”
- All this fame and money, which have so thrilled me when they came to others, leave me cold when they come to me. I am not an ascetic, but I don't know what to do with them, and my daily life has never been so trying, and there is no one to fill it emotionally.
- E. M. Forster, Selected Letters: Letter 251, to Florence Barger, 23 December 1924.
- He doth raise his country's fame with his own
And in the mouths of nations yet unborn
His praises will be sung; Death comes to all,
But great achievements build a monument
Which shall endure until the sun grows cold.
- Georg Fabricius, in praise of Georg Agricola in De Metallicis Rebus (1566); as translated by Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover in the introduction to their 1912 translation of Agricola's De Re Metallica (1556); also quoted in prose form as "Death comes to all, but great achievements build a monument which shall endure until the sun grows cold".
- Fame sometimes hath created something of nothing.
- If that thy fame with ev'ry toy be pos'd,
'Tis a thin web, which poysonous fancies make;
But the great souldier's honour was compos'd
Of thicker stuf, which would endure a shake.
Wisdom picks friends; civility plays the rest;
A toy shunn'd cleanly passeth with the best.
- George Herbert, The Temple (1633), The Church Porch, Stanza 38.
- Young Isaac had dreamed of fame.
Young Isaac was an idiot.
- Nothing is so common-place as to wish to be remarkable. Fame usually comes to those who are thinking about something else, – very rarely to those who say to themselves, "Go to, now, let us be a celebrated individual!"
- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table (1858), Chapter XII.
- There is a proud undying thought in man,
That bids his soul still upward look
To fame's proud cliff!
- Sam Houston, "There is a proud undying thought in man", lines 1–3, in Donald Day and Harry H. Ullom, eds., The Autobiography of Sam Houston (1954), p. 56.
- I think that there is this idea that what you should go after is fame. That is a hugely mistaken idea because fame means absolutely nothing. This whole culture of wanting to become famous is on a hiding to nothing, a sign of a society that's lost its way and will only judge people as being valid if they're famous, which of course is all bull----. As Tom Stoppard said, the only thing that fame means is that more people know you than you know."
- The cosmologist Fred Hoyle once warned Gell-Mann about the perils of fame. If you ever accomplish anything important in life, he said, the world will conspire to keep you from doing anything else again. Everyone wants you to give a speech, write an article, serve on a committee.
- How fever'd is that Man who cannot look
- Upon his mortal days with temperate blood
- Who vexes all the leaves of his Life's book
- And robs his fair name of its maidenhood.
- It is as if the rose should pluck herself
- Or the ripe plum finger its misty bloom,
- As if a clear Lake meddling with itself
- Should cloud its pureness with a muddy gloom.
- But the rose leaves herself upon the Briar
- For winds to kiss and grateful Bees to feed,
- And the ripe plum still wears its dim attire,
- The undisturbed Lake has crystal space—
- Why then should man teasing the world for grace,
- Spoil his salvation by a fierce miscreed?
- John Keats, "On Fame" (1819), in The Letters of John Keats, p. 329
- It is the veriest madness man
In maddest mood can frame,
To feed the earth with human gore,
And then to call it fame.
- Letitia Elizabeth Landon (under the pen name Iole) Metrical Fragments - No. 1. Literary Gazette, 19th August 1826
- Everyone watches you. Even when they’re pretending not to. Even when they aren’t watching you, you think they are. And you know what? You’re right. Eyes will find you. Becoming famous, this kind of fame: it’s luck indistinguishable from catastrophe.
- Fame, fame, fatal fame
It can play hideous tricks on the brain
But still I'd rather be famous than righteous or holy
Any day, any day, any day
- Nolo virum facili redimit qui sanguine famam;
Hunc volo laudari qui sine morte potest.
- I do not like the man who squanders life for fame; give me the man who living makes a name.
- Martial, Epigrams (c. 80-104 AD), I. 9. 5.
- Si post fata venit gloria non propero.
- If fame comes after death, I am in no hurry for it.
- Martial, Epigrams (c. 80-104 AD), V. 10. 12.
- Since when has mental illness ever interfered with superstardom? Since when has delusion impeded huge fame?
- Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise
(That last infirmity of noble mind)
To scorn delights, and live laborious days.
- John Milton, Lycidas, l. 64 (1637).
- Fame and tranquility can never be bedfellows.
- I always like to say to people who want to be rich and famous, try being rich first. See if that doesn't cover most of it.
- Fame is not creativity, it’s the industrial disease of creativity.
- Mike Myers, in the introduction to his memoir Canada (2016)
- The courage to stand alone as if others didn't exist and think only of what you're doing. Not to get scared if people ignore you. You have to wait for years, have to die. Then after you're dead, if you're lucky, you become somebody.
- Cesare Pavese, The house on the hill.
- Posthumous fame, book fame, nerd fame is not like the good kind of fame. It might last for centuries and let antique egg heads torture the young from the grave, but it just doesn't pay the bills.
- Laura Penny, More Money Than Brains, Chapter Seven, If You're So Smart, Why Ain't You Rich?, p. 206 (2010).
- Scarce any Tale was sooner heard than told;
And all who told it, added something new,
And all who heard it, made Enlargements too,
In ev'ry Ear it spread, on ev'ry Tongue it grew.
- Alexander Pope, The Temple of Fame (1711), lines 469–72.
- Nor Fame I slight, nor her favors call;
She comes unlooked for, if she comes at all.
- Alexander Pope, The Temple of Fame (1711), line 513.
- Unblemish'd let me live or die unknown;
Oh, grant an honest fame, or grant me none!
- Alexander Pope, The Temple of Fame (1711), line 523.
- What's fame? a fancy'd life in others' breath.
A thing beyond us, e'en before our death.
- Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man (1733-34), Epistle IV, line 237.
- If parts allure thee, think how Bacon shin'd,
The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind:
Or, ravish'd with the whistling of a name,
See Cromwell, damn'd to everlasting fame.
- Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man (1733-34), Epistle IV, line 281.
- Judas: Nazareth's most famous son
Should have stayed a great unknown
Like his father carving wood
He'd have made good
Table chairs and oaken chests
Would have suited Jesus best
He'd have caused nobody harm, no one alarm.
- Jesus Christ Superstar, lyrics by Tim Rice (1970)
- Honor … means that a man is not exceptional; fame, that he is. Fame is something which must be won; honor, only something which must not be lost.
- Variant translation: Fame is something which must be won; honor is something which must not be lost.
- Arthur Schopenhauer, Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life.
- [B]eing famous or well known can be nice or it can be a burden, it all depends on how you look at it.
- Fame's a weed, but repute is a slow-growing oak, and all we can do during our lifetimes is hop around like squirrels and plant acorns.
- Erant quibus appetentior famæ videretur, quando etiam sapientibus cupido gloriæ novissima exuitur
- Some might consider him as too fond of fame, for the desire of glory clings even to the best of men longer than any other passion.
- Tacitus, Historia, iv. 6; said of Helvidius Priscus.
- Sweet were the days when I was all unknown,
But when my name was lifted up, the storm
Brake on the mountain and I cared not for it.
Right well know I that Fame is half-disfame.
- The Fame that follows death is nothing to us;
And what is Fame in life but half-disfame,
And counterchanged with darkness?
- In the future everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.
- Andy Warhol, catalogue of an exhibition of his art in Stockholm, Sweden (1968).
- There's not a thing on earth that I can name,
So foolish, and so false, as common fame.
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, Did e'er this Saucy World.
- In our overcrowded modern world a hit record, a best-selling book, a successful film, can reach more people in a week than Shakespeare or Beethoven reached in a whole lifetime. And so fame has become the most romantic, the most desirable of all commodities, the dream for which a modern Faust might sell his soul to the Devil. Once attained, fame is never as easy to hold on to as some people believe. The people who achieve fame by some accident of fashion are usually forgotten within a week; the ones who remain on top have to work to stay there. But few people understand this. The result is that anyone who achieves sudden notoriety arouses envy and hostility. The greater the success, the greater the reaction.
- Colin Wilson, The Geller Phenomenon, p. 28 (1976).
- With fame, in just proportion, envy grows.
- Edward Young, Epistle to Mr. Pope (1730), Epistle I, line 27.
- Men should press forward, in fame's glorious chase;
Nobles look backward, and so lose the race.
- Edward Young, Love of Fame (1725-28), Satire I, line 129.
- Wouldst thou be famed? have those high acts in view,
Brave men would act though scandal would ensue.
- Edward Young, Love of Fame (1725-28), Satire VII, line 175.
- Fame is the shade of immortality,
And in itself a shadow. Soon as caught,
Contemn'd; it shrinks to nothing in the grasp.
- Edward Young, Night Thoughts (1742-1745), Night VII, line 363.
- One who seeks fame and thereby loses his real self is no gentleman.
Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations
- Quotes reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 256-59.
- A niche in the temple of Fame.
- Owes its origin to the establishment of the Pantheon (1791) as a receptacle for distinguished men.
- Were not this desire of fame very strong, the difficulty of obtaining it, and the danger of losing it when obtained, would be sufficient to deter a man from so vain a pursuit.
- Joseph Addison, The Spectator, No. 255.
- And what after all is everlasting fame? Altogether vanity.
- Antoninus, Med. 4. 33.
- Nothing can cover his high fame but Heaven:
No pyramids set off his memories
But the eternal substance of his greatness;
To which I leave him.
- Beaumont and Fletcher, The False One, Act II, scene 1, line 169.
- The best-concerted schemes men lay for fame,
Die fast away: only themselves die faster.
The far-fam'd sculptor, and the laurell'd bard,
Those bold insurancers of deathless fame,
Supply their little feeble aids in vain.
- Robert Blair, The Grave, line 185.
- Herostratus lives that burnt the temple of Diana; he is almost lost that built it.
- Sir Thomas Browne, Hydriotaphia, Chapter V.
- I awoke one morning and found myself famous.
- Lord Byron, in Moore's Life of Byron.
- Folly loves the martyrdom of fame.
- Lord Byron, Monody on the Death of Sheridan, line 68.
- O Fame!—if I e'er took delight in thy praises,
'Twas less for the sake of thy high-sounding phrases,
Than to see the bright eyes of the dear one discover
She thought that I was not unworthy to love her.
- Lord Byron, Stanzas Written on the Road Between Florence and Pisa.
- Fame, we may understand, is no sure test of merit, but only a probability of such: it is an accident, not a property of a man.
- Thomas Carlyle, Essay, Goethe.
- Scarcely two hundred years back can Fame recollect articulately at all; and there she but maunders and mumbles.
- Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, Chapter XVII.
- Men the most infamous are fond of fame,
And those who fear not guilt, yet start at shame.
- Charles Churchill, The Author, line 233.
- The aspiring youth that fired the Ephesian dome
Outlives, in fame, the pious fool that rais'd it.
- Colley Cibber, Richard III (Altered) (1700), Act III, scene 1.
- Je ne dois qu'à moi seul toute ma renommée.
- To myself alone do I owe my fame.
- Pierre Corneille, L'Excuse à Ariste.
- Non é il mondam romore altro che un fiato
Di vento, che vien quinci ed or vien quindi,
E muta nome, perchè muta lato.
- The splendors that belong unto the fame of earth are but a wind, that in the same direction lasts not long.
- Dante Alighieri, Purgatoria, XI. 100.
- La vostra nominanza é color d'erba,
Che viene e va; e quei la discolora
Per cui ell' esce della terra acerba.
- All your renown is like the summer flower that blooms and dies; because the sunny glow which brings it forth, soon slays with parching power.
- Dante Alighieri, Purgatoria, XI. 115.
- What shall I do to be forever known,
And make the age to come my own?
- Abraham Cowley, The Motto, line 1.
- Who fears not to do ill yet fears the name,
And free from conscience, is a slave to fame.
- Sir John Denham, Cooper's Hill, line 129.
- The Duke of Wellington brought to the post of first minister immortal fame; a quality of success which would almost seem to include all others.
- Fame then was cheap, and the first courier sped;
And they have kept it since, by being dead.
- John Dryden, The Conquest of Granada, Epilogue.
- 'Tis a petty kind of fame
At best, that comes of making violins;
And saves no masses, either. Thou wilt go
To purgatory none the less.
- George Eliot, Stradivarius, line 85.
- Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them to the world, save that the echo repeats only the last part, but fame relates all, and often more than all.
- From kings to cobblers 'tis the same;
Bad servants wound their masters' fame.
- John Gay, Fables (1727), The Squire and his Cur, Part II.
- Der rasche Kampf verewigt einen Mann,
Er falle gleich, so preiset ihn das Lied.
- Rash combat oft immortalizes man.
If he should fall, he is renowned in song.
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Iphigenia auf Tauris, V. 6. 43.
- Rash combat oft immortalizes man.
- The temple of fame stands upon the grave: the flame that burns upon its altars is kindled from the ashes of dead men.
- William Hazlitt, Lectures on the English Poets, Lecture VIII.
- Thou hast a charmed cup, O Fame!
A draught that mantles high,
And seems to lift this earthly frame
Away! to me—a woman—bring
Sweet water from affection's spring.
- Felicia Hemans, Woman and Fame.
- Short is my date, but deathless my renown.
- Homer, The Iliad, Book IX, line 535. Pope's translation.
- The rest were vulgar deaths unknown to fame.
- Homer, The Iliad, Book XI, line 394. Pope's translation.
- The life, which others pay, let us bestow,
And give to fame what we to nature owe.
- Homer, The Iliad, Book XII, line 393. Pope's translation.
- Earth sounds my wisdom, and high heaven my fame.
- Homer, The Odyssey, Book IX, line 20. Pope's translation.
- But sure the eye of time beholds no name,
So blest as thine in all the rolls of fame.
- Homer, The Odyssey, Book XI, line 591. Pope's translation.
- Where's Cæsar gone now, in command high and able?
Or Xerxes the splendid, complete in his table?
Or Tully, with powers of eloquence ample?
Or Aristotle, of genius the highest example?
- Jacopone, De Contemptu Mundi. Translation by Abraham Coles.
- Fame has no necessary conjunction with praise: it may exist without the breath of a word: it is a recognition of excellence which must be felt but need not be spoken. Even the envious must feel it: feel it, and hate it in silence.
- Mrs. Jameson, Memoirs and Essays, Washington Allston.
- Reputation being essentially contemporaneous, is always at the mercy of the Envious and the Ignorant. But Fame, whose very birth is posthumous, and which is only known to exist by the echo of its footsteps through congenial minds, can neither be increased nor diminished by any degree of wilfulness.
- Mrs. Jameson, Memoirs and Essays, Washington Allston.
- Miserum est aliorum incumbere famæ.
- It is a wretched thing to live on the fame of others.
- Juvenal, Satires (early 2nd century), VIII. 76.
- "Let us now praise famous men"—
Men of little showing—
For their work continueth,
And their work continueth,
Greater than their knowing.
- Rudyard Kipling, words prefixed to Stalky & Co. First line from Ecclesiasticus. XLIV. 1.
- Fame comes only when deserved, and then is as inevitable as destiny, for it is destiny.
- Building nests in Fame's great temple,
As in spouts the swallows build.
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Nuremberg, Stanza 16.
- His fame was great in all the land.
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Tales of a Wayside Inn, The Student's Tale, Emma and Eginhard, line 50.
- Though the desire of fame be the last weakness
Wise men put off.
- Philip Massinger, The Very Woman, Act V, scene 4.
- Read but o'er the Stories
Of men most fam'd for courage or for counsaile
And you shall find that the desire of glory
Was the last frailty wise men put of;
Be they presidents.
- Sir John Van Olden Barnevelt. Reprinted by A. H. Bullen.
- Fame lulls the fever of the soul, and makes
Us feel that we have grasp'd an immortality.
- Joaquin Miller, Ina, scene 4, line 273.
- Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise,
(That last infirmity of noble mind)
To scorn delights, and live laborious days;
But the fair guerdon when we hope to find,
And think to burst out into sudden blaze,
Comes the blind Fury with th' abhorred shears,
And slits the thin-spun life.
- John Milton, Lycidas, line 70.
- Fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil.
- John Milton, Lycidas, line 78.
- Fame, if not double fac'd, is double mouth'd,
And with contrary blast proclaims most deeds;
On both his wings, one black, the other white,
Bears greatest names in his wild aery flight.
- "Des humeurs desraisonnables des hommes, il semble que les philosophes mesmes se desfacent plus tard et plus envy de cette cy que de nulle autre: c'est la plus revesche et opiniastre; quia etiam bene proficientes animos tentare non cessat."
- Of the unreasoning humours of mankind it seems that (fame) is the one of which the philosophers themselves have disengaged themselves from last and with the most reluctance: it is the most intractable and obstinate; for [as St. Augustine says] it persists in tempting even minds nobly inclined."
- Michel de Montaigne, Essays, Book I, Chapter XLI. Quoting the Latin from St. Augustine, De Civit. Dei. 5. 14.
- I'll make thee glorious by my pen
And famous by my sword.
- Marquis of Montrose, My Dear and Only Love.
- Ingenio stimulos subdere fama solet.
- The love of fame usually spurs on the mind.
- Ovid, Tristium. V. 1. 76.
- At pulchrum est digito monstrari et dicier hic est.
- It is pleasing to be pointed at with the finger and to have it said, "There goes the man."
- Persius, Satires, I. 28.
- To the quick brow Fame grudges her best wreath
While the quick heart to enjoy it throbs beneath:
On the dead forehead's sculptured marble shown,
Lo, her choice crown—its flowers are also stone.
- John James Piatt, The Guerdon.
- Who grasp'd at earthly fame,
Grasped wind: nay, worse, a serpent grasped that through
His hand slid smoothly, and was gone; but left
A sting behind which wrought him endless pain.
- Robert Pollok, The Course of Time (1827), Book III, line 533.
- All crowd, who foremost shall be damn'd to fame.
- Alexander Pope, Dunciad, Book III, line 158. Essay on Man, IV. 284.
- Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it Fame.
- Alexander Pope, Epilogue to Satire. Dialogue I, line 135.
- Above all Greek, above all Roman fame.
- Alexander Pope, Epistles of Horace, Epistle I, Book II, line 26.
- And what is Fame? the Meanest have their Day,
The Greatest can but blaze, and pass away.
- Alexander Pope, First Book of Horace, Epistle VI, line 46.
- Omnia post obitum fingit majora vetustas:
Majus ab exsequiis nomen in ora venit.
- Time magnifies everything after death; a man's fame is increased as it passes from mouth to mouth after his burial.
- Sextus Propertius, Elegiæ, III. 1. 23.
- Your fame shall (spite of proverbs) make it plain
To write in water 's not to write in vain.
- Anon. in preface to Sir William Sanderson, Art of Painting in Water Colours (1658).
- May see thee now, though late, redeem thy name,
And glorify what else is damn'd to fame.
- Richard Savage, Character of the Rev. James Foster, line 43.
- I'll make thee famous by my pen,
And glorious by my sword.
- Walter Scott, A Legend of Montrose (1819), Chapter XV.
- Better to leave undone, than by our deed
Acquire too high a fame, when him we serve's away.
- Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives,
Live register'd upon our brazen tombs.
- Death makes no conquest of this conqueror:
For now he lives in fame, though not in life.
- He lives in fame, that died in virtue's cause.
- Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds.
- Sloth views the towers of fame with envious eyes,
Desirous still, still impotent to rise.
- William Shenstone, Moral Pieces, The Judgment of Hercules, line 436.
- No true and permanent Fame can be founded except in labors which promote the happiness of mankind.
- Charles Sumner, Fame and Glory, An Address before the Literary Societies of Amherst College (Aug. 11, 1847).
- Censure is the tax a man pays to the public for being eminent.
- Jonathan Swift, Thoughts on Various Subjects.
- Etiam sapientibus cupido gloriæ novissima exuitur.
- The love of fame is the last weakness which even the wise resign.
- Tacitus, Annales (AD 117), IV.
- Modestiæ fama neque summis mortalibus spernenda est.
- Modest fame is not to be despised by the highest characters.
- Tacitus, Annales (AD 117), XV. 2.
- The whole earth is a sepulchre for famous men.
- Thucydides, 2, 43.
- Fama est obscurior annis.
- Ingrediturque solo, et caput inter nubila condit.
- In tenui labor, at tenuis non gloria.
- The object of the labor was small, but not the fame.
- Virgil, Georgics (c. 29 BC), IV. 6.
- Tel brille au second rang, qui s'eclipse au premier.
- He shines in the second rank, who is eclipsed in the first.
- Voltaire, Henriade, I.
- C'est un poids bien pesant qu'un nom trop tôt fameux.
- What a heavy burden is a name that has become too famous.
- Voltaire, Henriade, III.
- What rage for fame attends both great and small!
Better be d—n'd than mentioned not at all.
- John Wolcot (Peter Pindar), To the Royal Academicians. Lyric Odes for the Year 1783. Ode IX.
Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895)
Quotes reported in Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895).
- No true and permanent fame can be founded, except in labors which promote the happiness of mankind.
- Charles Sumner, p. 242.
- The highest greatness, surviving time and stone, is that which proceeds from the soul of man. Monarchs and cabinets, generals and admirals, with the pomp of court and the circumstance of war, in the lapse of time disappear from sight; but the pioneers of truth, though poor and lowly, especially those whose example elevates human nature, and teaches the rights of man, so that "a government of the people, by the people, for the people, may not perish from the earth;" such a harbinger can never be forgotten, and their renown spreads co-extensive with the cause they served so well.
- Charles Sumner, p. 242.
- Live for something! Do good and leave behind you a monument of virtue that the storm of time can never destroy. Write your name in kindness, love, and mercy on the hearts of the thousands you come in contact with, year by year, and you will never be forgotten. Your name, your deeds, will be as legible on the hearts you leave behind, as the stars on the brow of evening. Good deeds will shine as the stars of heaven.
- Thomas Chalmers, p. 243.
- I have learned to prize the quiet, lightning deed, not the applauding thunder at its heels that men call fame.
- Alex Smith, p. 243.
- How idle a boast, after all, is the immortality of a name! Time is ever silently turning over his pages; we are too much engrossed by the story of the present to think of the character and anecdotes that gave interest to the past; and each age is a volume thrown aside and forgotten.
- Washington Irving, p. 243.
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A Guide For International And ESL Students
As an international student or an ESL student, the English language is most probably your biggest stumbling block. You have most likely been struggling to keep up with the rest of your class who are native speakers of English. The language barrier can really get in the way of you participating actively in class and this can be frustrating.
It is understandable that you may find writing research papers and college essays specially difficult to grasp. You might have also faced situations where you’ve been asked to write a full-fledged research paper, and the deadline is around the corner, sometimes in less than 24 hours. You feel stuck and confused and don’t know where to turn for help. What do you do in such cases?
Don’t worry, this guide is here to help you. It will show how to break down the process of essay writing into easy steps so that you can put together a completed research paper in just 24 hours!
Use the Internet
When you start out on your research, it is always great to begin with the basics. Nearly every topic under the sun is covered by online encyclopedia like Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica. Most of their entries are written for ordinary readers who are not specialists on the subjects. This should be ideal to help you understand the fundamentals of the topic. You can also look for relevant, informative and educational videos on YouTube and Vimeo. Podcasts are another excellent option. Of course, do be careful about using internet sources for serious research. Stick to credible and academic sources. While you can read Wikipedia, but do not use that to write your research paper. Steer clear of blogs that do not have any authority because they are also not accepted as a credible source by universities.
Don’t Be Afraid To Approach Your Professors For Help
Once you have chosen the topic for your research paper, ask your professor if they can suggest a few relevant books written in simple language so that you can understand the subject better. Most often, the professor will have at least one or two good recommendations for you. And they will be happy to see your dedication.
Put Down Your Thoughts
Once you have understood the topic and have a good sense of what you want to say about it, start by planning out your writing. Make sure you have the introduction, the body and the conclusion and stick to the word limit. In each section, put down the main points you want to convey. Arrange them in a sequence that makes sense and flows logically. Then build on each of them one by one, explaining in more detail.
Find A Strategy That Suits You
Do you usually prefer to write in your first language and then translate it into English? Or perhaps you prefer to take the plunge and start writing in English straightaway. Whatever works for you is good. You may be worried about expressing yourself well. But at this point, the most important thing is to just get started. Don’t feel pressurized to use big words and fancy expressions. Simple writing is the easiest to understand and the most effective. Do use online dictionaries to look up word meanings and translations.
Text Editors and Spellcheck
Take full advantage of text editors like Microsoft Word or Google Documents. These have built-in spelling and grammar checking tools which will point out errors in your writing. Just make sure that the settings of the program are correct. For instance, if you are writing a research paper for a UK university, make sure the program is set to ‘UK English’ as default rather than ‘American English’.
Online citation generators
To save time and effort, you can make use of free online tools that help you instantly create entries for your references and bibliographies. There is no need to spend hours putting together these references. Most universities tell you which referencing style your essay needs to follow. The most commonly used formats are APA, MLA, Harvard, Oxford and Chicago. You can choose your required format and simply enter details like author names, book titles, publisher names and dates of publication. Hit enter and watch as the tool creates a citation ready for you to paste into your research paper.
Take Help with Editing and Proofreading
Most universities offer dedicated writing support for international students. Some of your peers may also volunteer as part-time proofreaders or editors. Approach the student office to ask if you can get information about such services. Do not hesitate to request for outside help with proofreading and editing. This way you can make sure your paper is free of typos and grammatical errors.
Take Help From A Professional
In the worst case scenario, if you find yourself completely stuck and running out of precious time, there is still a solution available. There are dozens of professional essay writing services out there on the internet, just for students like yourself. Choose one that offers delivery on short notice. Some companies like LifeSaverEssays.com allows you to “Find Your Writer” and choose your own writer. You can either go for the writer with the highest rating or choose the lowest bid. This gives you a sense of control and you don’t feel imposed by high prices. Do read some testimonials and the company policies before making the payment. This way you can ensure that the service is reliable.
Even with all of this support available to you, writing a research paper for university may seem like a huge challenge. The point is that it is meant to be challenging. The process is supposed to help you improve your thinking, reasoning and writing skills. The more papers you do, the better you will get. But it never hurts to seek help when you need it. Follow these tips and they will certainly help you achieve your goal and produce a research paper you can be proud of!
Livia Susan is a part-time writer and the Co-Founder of Lifesaver Essays, an essay writing service that assists students studying in the US, with their research papers and term papers. Livia works closely with students understanding the challenges they face while writing their essays. She helps them overcome these hurdles by helping them draft their essays. She and her company also help students edit and proofread their research essays, thereby helping them improve their writing skills.
P.S. Are you serious about your spoken English improvement? Check out the English Harmony System HERE!
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder impacting the intestine and is a huge burden on people who live with this condition. Characterised as a long-term condition, IBS can lead to a wide range of unpleasant symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and alterations in bowel habits, that can take the form of either constipation or diarrhoea, adding to its complexity.
Despite its widespread incidence, ranging from an estimated 10-15% of the global population, IBS remains a condition that can often go undiagnosed and untreated, which in turn can cause considerable discomfort and disruption to daily life. By shedding light on the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options associated with IBS, people can take the necessary steps to manage their symptoms better and improve their quality of life.
The symptoms of IBS are highly individualised, can be caused by numerous factors, and can manifest in a wide range of symptoms. However, several symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals with IBS.
IBS symptoms can be truly distressing, but researchers still do not fully understand the root causes of this digestive dysfunction. It is crucial to recognise that the symptoms of IBS do not usually correspond to any apparent structural disorders or disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients often undergo physical examinations or diagnostic evaluations. However, doctors may not be able to diagnose any visible abnormalities in the digestive system.
IBS has been classified as a functional disorder, which indicates that the digestive system is not functioning properly. More recent evidence suggests that it is in fact a disorder of gut-brain interaction rather than a functional gastrointestinal disorder. IBS is thought to stem from a multifactorial interplay of underlying issues, such as problems arising in the communication between the gut and the brain, abnormalities in the nerves and muscles of the digestive tract, changes in gut microbiota, and emotional stress.
The cause of IBS points to many factors, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors such as dietary habits and physical exercise, and psychological factors such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, certain foods containing high-fat levels, caffeine, or artificial sweeteners can potentially exacerbate IBS symptoms in some individuals. In many cases, IBS is thought to start after an episode of acute gastroenteritis and is termed post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS).
Since no apparent structural damage or disease is associated with IBS, the condition is often diagnosed solely based on symptoms, as there is currently no specific diagnostic test for IBS. Given the considerable heterogeneity in symptom presentation and the diverse range of potential contributing factors, this diagnostic approach can pose challenges to accurately diagnosing and effectively managing IBS.
Nonetheless, various treatment options are available for IBS, including dietary modifications, medications, and lifestyle adjustments. Collaborating with a healthcare professional can be instrumental in formulating an individualised management plan that effectively addresses the unique symptoms and circumstances of each person with IBS. New therapies are also being researched; oral intestinal adsorbents such as Enterosgel, an over-the-counter treatment, in a recent UK-based trial have been shown to be effective in relieving the main symptoms of IBS with diarrhoea.
A scientifically-developed solution for:
Enterosgel is a drug-free remedy for IBS-D, and diarrhoea with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Taken with water 2 hours before or after food, this taste-free gel acts like a clever sponge to actively soak-up harmful substances in your gut, such as bacterial toxins and viruses before expelling them from your body naturally.
Enterosgel is safe for children from 1 year (1-3 yr on doctor’s advice) and adults, and is available over the counter in 90g tubes for children and 225g tubes for adults or in handy 15g travel sachets.
Ask your GP or a pharmacist about ENTEROSGEL and pick up a pack from Boots, Holland & Barrett, Well+ or your local pharmacy, or order online from Amazon. Also, you can buy it here, right now, with a fantastic discount.
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Raising Calves on Stored Colostrum
Colostrum milk is good feed for calves of any age. Currently, it has no market value. So there is great advantage in storing excess colostrum for calf feeding. Refrigeration and freezing is the best method of storing colostrum but is also the most expensive.
Many dairy producers find that colostrum can be allowed to sour, then be fed to calves from two to four days of age until weaning. Gains on sour colostrum have not been as good as on fresh or frozen colostrum nor on whole milk, but frequently have been better than from milk replacers. Many dairy producers report fewer cases of calf scours and digestive disturbances when sour colostrum is fed.
Every newborn calf needs colostrum. It is important as the first feed to condition the digestive tract and to give the calf resistance to disease. Disease resistance is provided by the presence of immunoglobulins in the first milk of the dam and the ability of the calf to absorb these antibodies during the early hours of its life. This ability declines and disappears about 24 hours after birth. Consequently, the earlier the calf receives colostrum, the greater will be its benefit.
A calf should receive colostrum in an amount equivalent to 3 to 5 percent of its body weight within four hours following birth. If it cannot nurse its dam, it should be fed by nipple bottle or pail. Following this feeding, the calf should receive no more than 4 percent of its body weight per feeding, twice daily, preferably for 36 to 72 hours.
If milk from its dam is not available, colostrum from another cow freshening at the same time, or fresh, frozen colostrum stored for such an eventuality may be used. A blood transfusion from the dam and antibiotic treatments also have been used. But none of these will provide the degree of success achieved when colostrum is available, and a higher mortality rate also can be expected.
Table 1 provides a comparison of the composition of colostrum with that of normal milk. Antibody content, protein and milk solids decline rapidly after the first 12 hours. Milk produced after 36 to 48 hours approaches the composition of normal whole milk.
Composition of colostrum and whole milk
|Colostrum||74.5 percent||17.6 percent||3.6 percent||1.7 percent|
|Whole milk||87.0 percent||3.3 percent||4.0 percent||0.7 percent|
Milk produced within 72 to 96 hours after freshening cannot be marketed. During this period most dairy cows and heifers produce more milk than the calf needs. Frequently, 70 to 150 pounds of milk is available. If stored, it can be used to provide half or more of the milk needed to raise a heifer calf to weaning age.
Colostrum can be allowed to sour, stored for up to four weeks and fed to a calf after the calf has received several feedings of fresh colostrum from its dam. Success with this system depends on following some simple rules.
Success of the soured colostrum system depends on the formation of lactic acid by natural bacterial fermentation. Filthy milking practices, unclean containers and unsanitary storage conditions can cause undesirable bacterial contamination and sick calves. Start with clean utensils and storage containers. Wash and sanitize after each use.
Handling stored colostrum is somewhat messy. Don't add to the problem by following haphazard and sloppy methods.
Choose containers that are convenient
Old milk cans and 20-gallon garbage containers have been used satisfactorily. Using a plastic liner prevents corrosion in metal containers and reduces cleaning chores. Gallon plastic jugs marked with the date of filling can be easily handled and provide one feeding for three or four calves that are fed twice daily.
Don't use mastitic milk or milk from cows treated with antibiotics
Fermentation failure or undesirable fermentation will result. Milk from cows that have received dry treatment at least two weeks prior to freshening probably will ferment normally. (Colostrum from cows treated with antibiotics can be fed fresh or be used to extend fermented colostrum at time of feeding.)
Not all colostrum will ferment properly. Occasionally adding a clip of buttermilk to a fresh supply may be advisable to inoculate the batch. Then successive batches can be seeded from this supply.
Store in a cool dark place
Temperatures of 40 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit are ideal; protect from freezing. At higher temperatures, mold formations, decomposition of protein and higher acidity occur more rapidly. Calves may reject colostrum that is highly acid and has separation of whey and curd. The addition of some organic acids such as propionic and formic and low concentration of formalin show promise in preserving colostrum at higher temperatures.
Stir or mix daily
This prevents clotting or separation of the whey and curd. Use a clean wooden paddle. If you use plastic liners, stir gently or liners will split or tear. Keep containers covered. Gallon jugs can be agitated by shaking if a small amount of space is left at time of filling. A small amount of mold can be tolerated. However, dispose of any supply on which a large amount of mold growth occurs.
Don't store more than four weeks
In summer, be prepared to use the supply in less time. In summer the use of a colostrum preservative may be beneficial to limit and maintain the pH or acidity of the colostrum.
Colostrum from several cows can be mixed
The best practice is to use a different container every three days, or if you skip a day in adding to the supply, use another container.
Sour colostrum can be extended by adding milk or milk replacer at feeding time
If the supply is insufficient to feed the calf through weaning, blend whole milk or milk replacer with the sour colostrum for four to five days before switching to milk or milk replacer. Avoid abrupt changes in feeding habits and procedures.
When milk is stored in small containers, such as a gallon jug, there is less opportunity to blend the supply so that a greater variation in protein and dry matter content can occur from one container to another.
A mixture of two parts sour colostrum and one part warm water is normally fed each day in an amount equal to 6 to 10 percent of the birth weight of the calf. Warm water is preferred because it aids in the mixing. It is wise to feed the sour colostrum water mixture at the same temperature and times, twice daily, although healthy calves can be fed on a once-a-day schedule if it results in a savings in time.
If scours occur, reduce sour colostrum feeding by one-half or discontinue feeding for a day. After a day, increase sour colostrum feeding gradually. Never force a calf to consume all that is offered. If part of a feeding is refused, don't feed more in an effort to catch up. It's better to reduce the next feeding slightly.
Once the calf is on sour colostrum, the amount fed need not be increased. Provide a palatable fresh calf starter containing 18 to 20 percent protein within a week after the calf is born. The calf can be weaned when at least 1-1/2 pounds of starter is consumed daily.
Water should be available or offered twice daily, although it is best not to water immediately following the feeding of milk. A calf that fills up with water immediately after a feeding of milk may not consume starter.
Occasionally a calf will refuse to accept sour colostrum feeding. Some dairy producers start feeding the fermenting colostrum as soon as the calf is removed from the cow. By doing this, the colostrum will contain less acid, and it is believed this helps teach the calf to consume the soured product.
Don't feed more calves than there are cows contributing to the sour colostrum supply. There simply won't be enough sour colostrum to justify starting the calf on sour colostrum and then having to switch to whole milk or milk replacer.
- The newborn calf must have adequate feeding of fresh colostrum.
- Continue feeding fresh milk from dam for at least three days.
- At each feeding, milk surplus from the cow and store it.
- Don't store bloody or mastitic milk or milk from cows receiving intramammary infusion of antibiotics. Dry cow treatment given more than two weeks prior to freshening will not adversely affect fermentation.
- Store in a milk can or 20-gallon plastic garbage pail. A disposable plastic bag to line cans or pails aids in keeping supply clean. This simplifies cleaning the container.
- Milk from one or more cows may be stored in the same container. Don't accumulate more than three day's production in one container. Or, if you skip a day in filling, start another container.
- Stir daily. Mix well before using.
- Use two parts sour colostrum with one part warm water.
- Start feeding this mixture at a rate of not more than 6 percent of the calf's birth weight daily, divided into two feedings. Once calf is on feed, some limit daily feeding of sour colostrum and water mixture to 8 percent of birth weight and encourage the calf to consume dry calf starter.
- Never force the calf to consume all that is offered. If part of the feeding is refused, feed slightly less at the next feeding.
- At seven to 10 days, healthy calves can be fed once a day. But check them at least twice daily. Be sure water is available.
- Wean when the calf is regularly eating at least 1-1/2 pounds of starter per day.
- Hay feeding may begin after the first week or be delayed until weaning.
- Keep colostrum clean; discard after 4 weeks or if heavy mold growth occurs.
- Thoroughly clean equipment after each feeding and containers after each batch.
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We need food. We need farmers. We need farmers to keep farming and managing the land. Let’s just get that out there straight away. This needs to be said because food production is often pitted against environmental recovery. But these things don’t oppose each other, we need both.
We are all too aware and understand that many in the farming industry feel attacked on all sides at the moment, and worry that an increasing focus on nature and climate will lead to a reduced focus on food production. But we have much more in common than our supposed dividing lines. Like many farmers, we too want to see plentiful, good-quality food produced, but we want to see it done whilst looking after nature and the climate at the same time. It’s in all our interests to ensure that the clean water, pollinators and temperate environment on which we depend are protected and restored and that’s why we at Scottish Environment LINK work hard to highlight evidence on declining nature and species. We know that this sometimes feels challenging to the farming industry – but it’s a challenge to policymakers first and foremost to help us all design systems that work for climate, nature and food producers alike.
Environmental organisations know that farmers are absolutely critical to reversing the declines we’ve seen in farmland wildlife and are a key part of the solution to the climate and nature emergencies that we all face. Sometimes our emphasis is more on the loss of wildlife than on framing farmers as part of the solution. It’s a tricky communications challenge for environmental organisations and we can do more to get the balance right.
We believe that farming and environmental interests are much more aligned than might be appreciated. Environmental organisations are arguing, for example, for the farming budget to be defended. At a time of incredible pressure on public finances, which, outside of the EU, could see agricultural budgets squeezed, we are working hard to make sure we continue to use public money to support Scottish farmers and crofters. While we may want to see some of this money spent differently in the future, we are fighting to keep the money coming to farming.
Another way in which our interests are aligned is in recognising that the farming system is integral to the continuing biodiversity interest in some instances. The interaction between farming and nature is complicated. Changing farming practices have resulted in declines in some species, but, at the same time, some farming practices play an important part in helping to protect wildlife.
Some types of extensive livestock farming can create the right conditions for nature to thrive and carbon stores to be protected: mixed grazing using native breeds helps to sustain diverse grasslands, which in turn support wildlife including corncrakes, butterflies and bees. Without this farming activity these species could be lost.
On the Western Isles, for example, low intensity cropping is an important feature of these so-called ‘High Nature Value’ (HNV) farming and crofting systems, with machair cultivation providing a rare habitat for wildflowers and birdlife. In effect, much of the farming activity in these areas is beneficial. Not everything is perfect but, in general, maintaining farming activity is important. Losing it would potentially result in more negative impacts for nature, as well as rural communities.
This is why, at the same time as pointing to the general declines in biodiversity, environmental organisations have been arguing that the Scottish Government should properly recognise and support ‘High Nature Value’ farming and crofting systems.
HNV farming and crofting is where the overall management characteristics of the system provide a range of environmental benefits, particularly maintaining and enhancing a wide range of habitats and species (such as butterflies and birds) that are considered to be of high nature conservation importance.
In Scotland, HNV systems are associated with farms and crofts where semi-natural vegetation makes up a high proportion of the available forage resource and where the livestock grazing that resource do so at low grazing densities. The Scottish Government developed an indicator on HNV farming about ten years ago and estimated that the area under HNV farming and crofting was around 2.4 million hectares of agricultural land. This equates to around 40% of the total agricultural land in Scotland.
Importantly, while we approach this with a particular interest in nature, these farming systems are also integral to rural communities, often in remote areas. We recognise that loss of farming activity would represent a challenge for the future of these communities.
To help wildlife we need all farmers and crofters throughout Scotland taking action and making nature and climate friendly farming the norm. We want to see future farming policy – and the payments given to farmers – encourage and reward this. However, there has to be better recognition within this new policy specifically for HNV farming and crofting systems given the current system of direct payments does not support them adequately.
We, therefore, see an opportunity in the new agricultural policy and funding regime that is being developed at the moment. The government could, if it wanted to, set out to design a system that properly supported HNV farms and crofts as part of a system that encourages farmers everywhere to take greater action for nature.
We are concerned, like others in the agricultural industry, that small farms and crofts might struggle to get the support they need under the proposed four-tiered framework and we think that targeted HNV support might provide an answer. We don’t have an oven-ready scheme to hand to the government, but we do think that the government could explore the creation of an HNV category with input from farmers and crofters and look at how this could be incorporated in the new framework. With this in mind, we have recently written to the Cabinet Secretary to ask that the government pick this concept up as a means of supporting those HNV farmers and crofters that already support nature.
Scottish Environment LINK sees potential opportunities for HNV support within the new framework. Perhaps HNV farms and crofts could be recognised for their HNV status. Equally, the government is going to have to look again at the Less Favoured Area Support Scheme and how it delivers support to areas that are considered constrained or less favoured. But perhaps we could turn that around: instead of being compensated for not being able to produce in the same way as those on better land, farmers could be rewarded for what they deliver in terms of High Nature Value.
We think there is an opportunity in the next few months; an opportunity to develop a new approach to supporting agriculture that benefits both farmers and nature. We just need the government to pick this up and explore it in detail, working with the industry and testing it on the ground.
By writing this article, we want to start a wider conversation. We need to find a way of creating spaces where the farming and environment interests can come together to find solutions to the problems we face. That means us putting forward ideas, whilst also listening to you and your industry and its concerns so that we can have honest and constructive conversations about how we meet the challenges we face. We are much more likely to meet those challenges if we do it together.
This article was first published in the Scottish Farmer on 11 May 2023.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this blog are the author’s and do not necessarily represent the views of all the organisations backing the Farm for Scotland’s Future campaign.
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StarLogo Project File
4.0 | 2 Votes
What is an SLOGO file?
Programming project created with StarLogo, an programmable modeling environment often used in educational settings; saved in a plain text format and contains instructions for running the program; used for saving projects.
StarLogo uses the following primitive programming constructs, called "characters:"
- Turtles: Creatures that represent the programmable agents within the program.
- Patches: Parts of the world in which the turtles live.
- Observer: A viewer that can record world activity as well as create new turtles.
The original StarLogo project has now been replaced by StarLogo TNG, which uses .SLTNG files for projects. There is an open source version of StarLogo called OpenStarLogo.
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6.1 Language Functions (02:24)
Hear examples of reasons involving where and why, what should be done, feelings, and opinions.
6.2 Grammar (03:15)
Examples of irregular past tense include: drove, chose, told, found, wrote, gave, was, went, got, said, kept, let, saw, took, sent, told, thought, and stole.
6.3 Idioms (04:27)
Learn the definition of several idioms. Examples include: "your guess is as good as mine," "vanished into thin air," "make a beeline," "zero in," "pick up the tab," "talk shop," and "cut to the chase."
6.4 Vocabulary (02:35)
Examples of vocabulary words include: train wreck, patience, jargon, work-oriented, appropriate, winner, supportive, reminder, and no/know.
6.5 Pronunciation (02:09)
See six examples of using the short form of the word because—cos.
Credits: Giving Reasons: English at Work (00:17)
Credits: Giving Reasons: English at Work
For additional digital leasing and purchase options contact a media consultant at 800-257-5126
(press option 3) or [email protected].
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Bond immunization is a strategy used to reduce interest rate risk in a bond portfolio. As in medicine, the use of the word immunization refers to reducing risks through preventative action. Bonds are typically stable from day to day, but they are exposed to interest rate risk. Without immunization, rising interest rates send bond values down. Bond immunization can reduce the price sensitivity of a bond portfolio to rising interest rates. Institutional investors can immunize portfolios using credit derivatives.
Interest Rate Risk
Bonds fluctuate in price as interest rates change. This exposure is commonly referred to as interest rate risk, and it is a consequence of unrealized losses suffered by the bond owner. If interest rates go up because of inflation, a bond’s price drop would correspond to how its future payments will be able to buy less. If interest rates rise with steady or declining inflation, the drop in the bond price will correspond to the opportunity cost of investing in a bond while more attractive bond prices become available.
You adjust the duration of a portfolio to match your investment horizon. Duration, expressed as a number of years, is a multiple that approximates individual bond or bond portfolio sensitivity to interest rate changes. A bond with a duration of four will see a decline in value that is roughly four times the increase in interest rates. For example, a 0.5 percent increase in interest rates would cause a bond with a duration of four to drop in value about 2 percent, or four times 0.5 percent.
There are different goals that can you can safeguard by immunizing a bond portfolio. Net worth immunization has the goal of reducing fluctuations in a bond portfolio’s market value. On the other hand, target date immunization has the goal of meeting promised payments on time. When you immunize your bond portfolio, you lock in a fixed rate of return during the span of the your investment horizon. In this case, you are “immune” from changes in interest rates and receive that specified rate of return. This strategy is specially appropriate when you need to fund a liability in the future.
Cash-flow matching is simple way to reduce exposure to interest rate change. This strategy is mainly used in the pension and insurance industry, though it can be adopted by individual investors. Basically, you match the scheduled cash payments of bonds to known, fixed payments, such as fixed-rate mortgage payments. The objective is to be able to have the right amount of cash inflow at the time you need to pay a future liability. Cash-flow matching is also known as dedication.
Joe Escalada is a financial analyst. He earned a Master of Business Administration from the University of California at Davis and has passed all three Chartered Financial Analyst examinations. He has a bachelor's degree from the California Institute of Technology.
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There’s a war going on out there. The waterways of the United States and Canada are the battlefields for an epic conflict against invaders – vast in numbers and well-equipped to do untold damage to everything they encounter, with absolutely no mercy or remorse. It seems like an all too regular occurrence that when I’m scanning my usual news sources and social media feeds that I see reminders of these invaders and their brutal campaign to destroy fishing and the fishing industry we know and love.
I am, of course, talking about invasive species – Asian Carp, Zebra Mussels, Lionfish, you know the types. The most recent incident that caught my attention was a tweet from Ontario, Canada’s Invading Species Awareness Program, highlighting a new pest that is blighting their waters – a fish I know very well as a European angler – the humble Rudd. These silvery-red, non-carnivorous fish can grow up to about 2lbs in weight and have an average length of about 12 inches… so why so scary? Well, they aren’t supposed to be in Canada. They are breeding at a rapid rate and eating aquatic plants along freshwater shorelines, which are often the spawning and nursery habitats for native fish northern pike and yellow perch, among others. Canadian anglers are being advised to report any sightings immediately as environmental bodies aim to stop Rudd in their tracks.
It got me thinking: just what is the best way to deal with problems like this? The United States is well versed with the playbook for tackling invasive species. I’d say we’re definitely on about ‘Plan Y’ in the battle against Asian Carp. But how do other countries around the world handle it? And are they any better than what is being done in North America right now?
The hard-line approach in recent times comes from ‘down under.’ Australia has a carp invasion of its own – European carp found their way into the waters there as far back as the 1960’s, but the plan to fight them is more like something out of a science fiction movie. The country set up a National Carp Control Plan, which identified that previously used control methods such as poisoning, explosives, traps, electrofishing, and trying to contain them has not really done a huge amount – particularly each in isolation. So, a crack team of Aussie scientists is researching a strain of the carp herpes virus to try and wipe them out, that they’re hoping they’ll be able to perfect and present to the Government at the end of this year. It’s hoped that this, alongside existing methods, could help destroy a pest species that is said to have quadrupled in numbers over the last decade in certain parts of the country.
It’s a slightly different story over in Europe. In Spain, proposals to tackle some so-called invasive species were met with resistance from the fishing tackle trade – 300,000 anglers protesting on the streets of Madrid levels of resistance. Wait, what? That’s right. A couple of years back the Spanish Government attempted to pass some legislation to eradicate some invasive fish species from the country’s waters including carp, black bass and the Wels catfish. The problem was that these species have been ‘invaders’ in Spain so long that the fishing tackle industry here now depends on them. Indeed, a trophy catfish from the River Ebro in Spain is a bucket list item for many European angling tourists.
It’s a similar story here in the UK where zander (closely related to walleye) are still technically classed as a non-native species and are regularly netted from canals to be killed. In fact, it is technically not legal to return one if you catch one from certain waters and fisheries. But despite that, zander fishing is on the rise with the increase in popularity of lure fishing, so there is resistance to the idea that zander should be tackled as a problem by anglers and the industry.
Are these two European examples an indication of how failed attempts to tackle invasive species early on have meant they have become ‘the locals’? Or is it that the trade and the country’s anglers have adapted to the changing fauna of Spanish and British waterways? Could it happen elsewhere – could American anglers soon be getting ready to fish the [insert sponsor here] Asian Carp Classic? Probably not. But it does beg the question about how seriously Governments and the fishing industry bodies around the world are taking the threat of non-native species, and also whether realistically there is a whole lot that can be done once they have got a foothold in the waterways. It seems there’s no one-size-fits-all answer – I guess the only thing that is guaranteed over the next decade or so is change.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://fishingtackleretailer.com/how-do-you-solve-a-problem-like-invasive-species/
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en
| 0.960128 | 1,008 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The second swimlane in Fig. 1 illustrates the Modeling work stream. In this work stream, the data scientst explores the data sets prepared in the Pipelining work stream, experiments various ML algorithms and models with the data sets, optimizes the hyperparameters to get the desired results, and finally codes the selected and turned ML model.
|Explore Data||The available data sets are explored and the suitable ones are prepared (in the Pipelining work stream for modeling the ML problem.||Raw or cleaned data||Suitable data set|
|Experiment Models||Various ML algorithms and models (e.g., neural network architectures) are experimented using the data to select an effective model for the ML problem||Suitable data set||Selected ML model|
|Optimize Hyperparameters||Hyperparameters are turned to test the selected model so that ML training can be efficiently performed.||Selected ML model||Finalized model & hyperparameters|
|Code Model||The finalized ML model is programmed for training and inference. Application development may be involved.||Finalized model & hyperparameters||ML model coded for training & inference|
In this activity, the data scientist explores the data sets prepared in the Pipelining work stream and selects the suitable data sets for training and inference. Usually, the data scientist uses interactive data science tools (e.g., R Studio, Jupyter Notebook, and Apache Zeppelin) to explore the data sets. If the suitable data sets are unavailable or incomplete or malformed or unclean, further data acquisition, cleansing, or preprocessing work in the Pipelining work stream will be required. The data scientist can also suggest how the suitable data sets should be prepared in the Pipelining work stream.
In this activity, the data scientist designs the ML model using the selected data sets. For example, he or she experiments various ML models based on different algorithms (e.g., neural network architectures), trains the models with the training data set, validates the models with the testing data set, and then selects the suitable model based on the inference accuracy measures, such as precision and recall.
In this activity, the data scientist tunes the hyperparameters so that the model can be further optimized, for example, in terms of training speed and inference accurancy. Different ML algorithms may involve different sets of hyperparameters (e.g., learning rate, model size, number of passes, regularization). The data scientist may need to go back and forth between the Experiment Models activity and the Optimize Hyperparameters activity in order to optimize ML model.
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<urn:uuid:48ddddda-b1f2-4f60-b0bd-9ee69240d86e>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://flow.yam.ai/en/latest/modeling.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099514.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128115347-20231128145347-00100.warc.gz
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en
| 0.843102 | 536 | 2.671875 | 3 |
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