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If a lack of iron in your diet is thought to contribute to your iron deficiency anaemia, your GP will advise on how to include more iron in your diet. Iron deficiency anaemia is often caused by heavy periods, pregnancy (the growing baby requires more iron from mother), or poor diet. Rarely it can be bowel conditions i.e. Coeliac disease or intestinal problems
Improving your diet
Iron-rich foods include:
- dark-green leafy vegetables, such as watercress and curly kale
- iron-fortified cereals
- wholegrains, such as brown rice
- nuts, meat
- apricots, prunes, raisins
To ensure a healthy, well-balanced diet, include foods from all major food groups in your diet. If you have iron deficiency anaemia, eat plenty of iron-rich foods, such as those listed above.
Foods that affect iron absorption
However, some foods and medicines can make it harder for your body to absorb iron. These may include:
- tea and coffee
- calcium, found in dairy products such as milk
- antacids (medication to help relieve indigestion)
- proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which affect the production of acid in your stomach
- wholegrain cereals - although wholegrains are a good source of iron themselves, they contain phytic acid which can interfere with how your body absorbs iron from other foods and pills
Taking iron medication
The doctor may recommend that you take iron tablets to bring up your iron levels and build up your stores in your body. Drinking orange juice when you take your iron tablets can increase the absorption of iron into your body. Some people have side-effects when taking iron. These include: feeling sick (nausea), an upset stomach, constipation, or diarrhoea. You should tell a doctor if side-effects are a problem. Don't stop the iron or the anaemia will not get better. Possible ways to reduce the problem with side-effects are:
- Taking the iron tablets with meals. Food reduces the absorption of the iron and so you may need to take a longer course to correct the anaemia.
- Taking a lower dose, but again a longer course will be needed to correct the anaemia.
- Drinking plenty of fluids if constipation develops.
- Iron tablets may make your stools black. This is normal and nothing to worry about. However, it is sometimes confused with blood in the stools from internal bleeding, which can also make your stools black.
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Marine physicists and ichthyologists at the Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Iceland are developing a model which will be used to predict ocean conditions and the distribution of fish. The aim is for the model to facilitate fishermen in their search for fish by enabling them to predict the odds of finding specific species at specific locations. The latest data would be sent automatically from the fishing vessels via satellite to the model for updates.
Photo copyright Icelandic Photo Agency.
The project, headed by professor at the Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences Guðrún Marteinsdóttir, is a collaboration between MARICE (Marine Academic Research in Iceland) at the University of Iceland, the Marine Research Institute, the Icelandic Met Office and the Icelandic Maritime Administration, according to the University of Iceland Science Web. Numerous post-docs, PhD and masters students at the University of Iceland will take part in the project.
In an article published in the Public Service Review – European Science and Technology, the researches state that current methods for evaluating the stock biomass of various species of fish present numerous uncertainties.
The researchers further state that despite great efforts put forth by European fishing nations in evaluating the exploitable marine stock, results sometimes contradict greatly with predictions on the development of stock biomass.
Fish and fish stock behavior and their reaction to environmental changes are described in the article as among scientists’ greatest challenges. The model, Hydrodynamic Information System for the North Atlantic, or HISA, will take currents, temperature, nutrients and plankton into consideration.
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In today’s digital age, leveraging emerging technologies is becoming paramount for businesses aiming to gain a competitive edge and provide outstanding web experiences. One platform making significant strides in revolutionizing web experiences is ChatGPT. Developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT is a language model powered by cutting-edge artificial intelligence and deep learning technologies. This model takes advantage of the functionality of natural language processing to understand, generate and engage in human-like conversation. Beyond just conversation—ChatGPT, when correctly implemented, can facilitate website optimization in intriguing new ways, serving as a tool for customer service automation, content generation, personalization, and user engagement. This discussion will take you through this AI’s basic understanding and its role in website optimization, delving into implementation processes, monitoring performance, and taking a peek into the future.
ChatGPT: An Overview
ChatGPT is a language model developed by OpenAI. It is essentially an AI chatbot and its software works through a mechanism called Generative Pre-training Transformer (GPT). Instead of focusing on giving hard-coded responses, ChatGPT is trained to generate replies based on the patterns it learned from a large range of internet text. Because of its expansive range of possible responses, it is capable of engaging in comprehensive, insightful and nuanced dialogues with users.
The Science Behind ChatGPT
Underpinning ChatGPT is the technology of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). AI refers to machines or software exhibiting intelligence or characteristics similar to human intelligence. NLP is a subset of AI that deals with the interaction between human language and computers. It enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a valuable and meaningful way.
Primary Functions of ChatGPT
ChatGPT’s primary functions pivot around effective communication and rendering information. It can provide support by answering queries, provide information based on available data, and carry on conversations with the fluency of a human speaker. It also has the ability to write essays, summarize long documents, generate ideas, and help users learn new languages.
Businesses and ChatGPT
Many businesses lean heavily on ChatGPT to enhance their operations. It is used extensively in customer service where it provides instant responses to customer inquiries, thereby reducing the waiting time for customers and enhancing their experience. In content creation, ChatGPT is used to create marketing content that can handle different writing tasks in a unique and persuasive way.
Enhancing Website Optimization with ChatGPT Insights
Tapping into the potential of ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, can significantly enhance website optimization. This AI tool has shown immense value in improving on-page SEO by generating pertinent keywords and crafting content for blog entries or product descriptions. With its known ability to grasp context and intent, ChatGPT facilitates the creation of content that directly aligns with user intent – a factor heavily favored in Google’s ranking algorithm.
ChatGPT’s utility extends beyond SEO, playing a pivotal role in optimizing user experience on a website. With its capacity to provide instant and accurate responses round-the-clock, it uplifts the overall customer service and satisfaction levels. Importantly, the data collected from customer interactions can be a treasure trove of insights into their needs and preferences, allowing businesses to enhance their web offerings.
From a conversion standpoint, a chatbot like ChatGPT can positively influence the site’s conversion ratio. By engaging web visitors, instantly addressing their queries, and providing guidance through the purchase cycle, it can significantly boost their transformation into actual customers.
To sum up, with active utilization of ChatGPT, companies can enhance their website’s SEO, user experience, and conversion rate, while simultaneously gaining valuable understanding of customer behavior to shape business growth strategies.
The Role of ChatGPT in Website Optimization
Leveraging the Potential of ChatGPT for Superior Website Optimization
Moving beyond traditional tools, ChatGPT has emerged as a powerful asset in the domain of website optimization. Covering a variety of facets like automating customer service, generating content, personalizing user experience, and fostering engagement, this AI-enabled tool significantly heightens a website’s performance. Utilizing the capabilities of ChatGPT can make a website more appealing and user-centric, thereby contributing significantly to its overall effectiveness.
ChatGPT in Customer Service Automation
Many businesses have integrated AI chatbots like ChatGPT into their customer service protocols. This innovative model ensures customers get the service they need around the clock. It can handle multiple customer interactions simultaneously, reducing wait time. In comparison, a human personnel might only be able to handle one ticket at a time.
A case study conducted by Juniper Research projected that AI chatbots could save businesses up to $8 billion annually by 2022. This savings is primarily due to the rise in efficiency and the reduction in the amount of time staff spend addressing straightforward, basic queries.
Content Generation and Personalization with ChatGPT
ChatGPT has also been enormously beneficial for content generation. It can draft emails, write texts, and even produce creative ideas. Its use in generating blog content, product descriptions, and marketing materials cannot be overstressed. ChatGPT can generate SEO-friendly content, further optimizing your website for search engines.
Moreover, personalization is crucial in today’s digital marketing landscape. With ChatGPT, businesses can deliver personalized web experiences to their customers. Personalization through AI is proved to improve conversion rates and overall customer satisfaction. A study published by SmarterHQ found that 72% of consumers only engage with personalized messaging, emphasizing the crucial role of AI-powered personalization like that enabled by ChatGPT.
Enhancing User Engagement via ChatGPT
ChatGPT can increase user engagement through its conversational capabilities. Instead of users interfacing with static content, they can engage in interactive exchanges with the AI. These exchanges enhance user experience, increasing not only user retention but also the chances of converting visitors to loyal customers.
For instance, the Wall Street Journal reported that Autodesk’s virtual agent, which leverages artificial intelligence, helped increase its conversion rate by 100%. The personalized and engaging nature provided by AI tools like ChatGPT played a considerable role in this achievement.
Harnessing the capabilities of ChatGPT can significantly propel your website’s optimization strategy. It can enrich your user interactions, enhance customer engagement, and, by extension, contribute to an increase in your overall profits.
Implementing ChatGPT on Your Website
Technological Perspectives on Integrating ChatGPT into Your Website
Incorporating the Chatbot Generator Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) into your site demands a solid grasp of the platform and some technical expertise. Initiating the process involves gaining access to OpenAI’s GPT-3 models through their API. Subsequently, you’ll need to properly manage the text input and output.
The ChatGPT API functions somewhat like a black box; it accepts strings as inputs and outputs corresponding string responses. To effectively embed this into your site, it’s crucial to accurately manage API calls, handle input and output data, oversee the context history, and carry out experimental adjustments to optimize the models for high-quality conversations tailored to your platform.
Typically, interaction with the GPT-3 models is carried out using a POST call to the API endpoint. This would involve sending appropriate parameters such as your prompt, the maximum response length, and temperature.
Coding languages like Python are commonly used to process API calls, which necessitates the installation of certain libraries. At this stage, fundamental competencies in software development and an understanding of REST APIs are needed for correctly framing your requests and interpreting responses.
Operational Shifts and Staff Training
Because implementing ChatGPT on your website can cause a shift in the operational dynamics of your business, it’s essential to retrain your staff to properly handle this new shift in operations. Your employees must be well versed with the basics of how ChatGPT works, its capabilities and its limitations. Employees interacting with the ChatGPT, such as customer service representatives, should understand and master how to intervene and retake the control of conversations when necessary.
Training should also focus on the privacy and ethical guidelines associated with the usage of such AI technologies. They should understand as per OpenAI’s use-case policy, that the AI should not be used to generate misleading content, ought to respect user data and safeguard privacy.
Customer education about the use of ChatGPT on your website is equally critical for a seamless user experience. Websites should provide necessary tooltips or guide tours to familiarize users with interacting with the AI. Implementing a fail-safe or a manual override could also be beneficial when the AI fails to meet the user’s requests.
Feedback mechanisms, where customers can rate or comment on their interactions with the AI, can provide valuable insight on enhancing the website. This allows you to progressively optimize your website using ChatGPT insights from real-world user interactions.
Irrespective of the business, transparency about the use of AI technologies can lead to increased user trust. Clearly indicating when users are interacting with an AI is becoming increasingly accepted as a best practice.
Analyzing Website Data Using ChatGPT Insights
ChatGPT has a prime role in collecting and analyzing a wealth of data garnered from customer interactions, offering a goldmine of insights into customer behavior, needs and patterns. This data repository can be optimized to enhance the website, leading to a more personal and engaging user experience.
A key requirement to utilize these insights not only involves collecting the data, but also properly analyzing it. By applying data analytics to your customer interactions, patterns and trends can be identified which furnish actionable insight, paving the way for improvements based on real-time customer feedback.
In essence, a website that effectively integrates ChatGPT can significantly enhance user engagement and customer service. However, this integration requires technical expertise, changes in operation, and customer education for successful implementation. The insights derived from this integration can shape your approach to ensure that your website is fully optimized, thereby boosting customer satisfaction and fostering business growth.
Monitoring and Tweaking ChatGPT Performance
Evaluating the Efficiency of ChatGPT on Your Website
Following the integration of ChatGPT on your website, it is essential to keep a close eye on key performance indicators. This includes tracking metrics such as user interactions, user satisfaction rates, and the accuracy of responses. Regular monitoring enables ongoing optimization and ensures your website stays highly responsive and tailored to your customers’ needs.
The number of interactions between users and ChatGPT on your website indicates how well it’s engaging your audience. This can be measured through tracking the conversation threads or sessions that are initiated by users.
User Satisfaction Scores
These reflect how satisfied users are with the responses received from ChatGPT. Collect this data by integrating feedback prompts in your chat interface, asking users to rate their experience after each conversation.
Measuring the accuracy of ChatGPT responses helps gauge whether it’s providing meaningful and correct solutions to users. Use an AI supervision tool to see the rating for each model iteration.
Average Handling Time
The average time the model takes to handle each interaction is another significant metric. It shows how rapidly your bot is processing and responding to requests.
Interpreting Key Metrics Sprucely
While high user interactions indicate that ChatGPT is actively engaging users, consistently low user satisfaction scores may signify the need for adjustments. Similarly, high response accuracy combined with low handling times indicates optimal performance.
Tweaking ChatGPT Settings for Optimum Results
The effectiveness of ChatGPT can be optimized by adjusting its settings. Start by fine-tuning the response length and generation temperature. The former controls the bot’s verbosity, while the latter allows you to adjust the randomness of outputs.
If your users feel overwhelmed by long responses, you might want to reduce the response length setting. Shorter responses might also be beneficial if a quick turnaround time is your priority.
A higher temperature setting will generate more unique responses but might increase the chance of irrelevant outputs. So, balance is key here — a setting in the mid-range usually strikes a good balance between creativity and relevance.
Troubleshooting Potential Hiccups
Despite careful planning and analysis, you could run into issues when using ChatGPT. Let’s tackle some common hiccups.
Issue: Inaccurate Responses
If ChatGPT is providing inaccurate responses, it might require additional training. Review the datasets used for training and ensure that they’re not biased or highly specialized in a way that limits the AI’s understanding.
Issue: High Abandonment Rate
A high abandonment rate might be due to slow responses or the chatbot failing to understand user inputs. To remedy this, you might need to improve your model’s processing speed or its natural language understanding capabilities through additional training.
Issue: Irrelevant Responses
If ChatGPT frequently gives irrelevant responses, try adjusting its generation temperature. A lower temperature value results in less random, more focused responses from the AI.
As a website owner, one can greatly enhance their user’s experience by diligently tracking performance indicators, adjusting settings in response to the collected analytics, and quickly tackling any foreseeable issues. One advantageous method to achieve this is optimizing your website using the insights provided by ChatGPT.
Future of Websites with ChatGPT Insights
Getting to Know ChatGPT
ChatGPT stands as a groundbreaking language artificial intelligence model, courtesy of OpenAI. It utilizes and learns from a vast range of internet text to produce outputs. However, the charm of this technology lies in its capability to be custom-tuned with particular datasets. The compelling factor about ChatGPT is its power to deliver human-like text in response to the given input, marking a significant revolution in the realm of digital communication.
Impact of ChatGPT on Website Optimization
As AI technology continues to evolve, ChatGPT holds immense potential to revolutionize website optimization strategies and lead to more effective, dynamic websites. One key way ChatGPT can impact website optimization is through the enhancement of user experience. The technology can analyze user-related data to understand their preferences, which can then be used to engage users more effectively, improving both customer interaction and satisfaction.
ChatGPT as a Website Optimization Tool
Chatbots powered by ChatGPT can serve as ideal tools to collect insights directly from the customers by interacting with them in real-time. They can ask customers questions varying from their product experience to their thoughts about the website interface – offering key insights into how the website could be improved.
Improving SEO with ChatGPT
Another use of ChatGPT is in improving a website’s Search Engine Optimization (SEO). The AI can generate SEO-friendly content, identify the best keywords, and suggest changes to increase the visibility of a website. It can help understand how users are interacting with the content on the site, providing valuable insights into potential improvements.
ChatGPT and Personalization
ChatGPT can create more personalized experiences for website visitors based on their unique behavior patterns and preferences. By analyzing user interactions, the AI can suggest product recommendations or services that are most likely to interest the users, significantly contributing to customer retention and acquisition.
Preparing for ChatGPT Advancements
To prepare for these advancements, businesses need to start incorporating AI-driven tools in their strategies. Understanding what ChatGPT can offer is critical. Teams need to be trained to interpret the insights ChatGPT provides and make the necessary modeifications to the website.
Another step is to budget for AI adoption since even though technologies like ChatGPT are promising, they require investments. Lastly, businesses need to stay updated on the latest trends and advancements in AI technology and how they can be used to optimize their websites.
Overall, the future of website optimization is likely to be heavily interwoven with advances in technologies like ChatGPT. As this AI model continues to evolve, it holds the potential to offer deeper insights into website optimization that can significantly improve user experience and website effectiveness.
Undoubtedly, AI and machine learning technologies like ChatGPT have and will continue to have a profound influence on website optimization strategies. Businesses, both small and large, must understand and harness the potential that platforms like ChatGPT offer. With this advanced tool, they can generate engaging content, supersede traditional customer service norms with automated solutions, and accurately monitor user engagements. Additionally, staying apprised with the constant advances in ChatGPT will put businesses in prime position to adapt to the future landscape of digital customer interactions that will shape the way companies function and serve their customers online. With these strategies in place, you will be well equipped to prepare for, and even get ahead of, these imminent advancements.
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Language access in health care involves finding ways to ensure that language barriers do not affect health outcomes. Ms. Abraham focused first on building a case for health care systems to improve safety and quality of care for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). She identified five important building stones: quality, risk management, compliance with federal and state law, equity and cost management.
Risk can’t be managed effectively without proper language access. Two leading causes of errors are deficient consent and inadequate medication instructions. Without a qualified medical interpreter, you do not have informed consent. These problems are disproportionate among LEP patients. Errors of clinical consequence can often be attributed to improperly trained interpreters. Abraham identified several hallmarks of poor communication leading to torts. One lawsuit, she said, would pay for many interpreters.
Federal and state laws that compel language access include Joint Commission requirements, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, language access legislation in every state, and the Hill-Burton act of 1946.
Abraham cited a long list of costs attributed to lack of language access for limited English speakers. The list included entering the healthcare system in advanced and more costly stages of disease because of limited access to primary care, a higher likelihood of being hospitalized, and disproportionate use of emergency services.
Abraham also spoke about health inequalities. She told the story of Willie Ramirez, whose life was changed due to a mistranslated word, resulting in damages of $71 million dollars. (The story can be found at the Health Affairs Blog: “Language, Culture, And Medical Tragedy: The Case of Willie Ramirez” by Gail Price Wise.) Abraham pointed out that interpretation is recreating language live, as it happens. Without interpreters, there is no possibility for clarification — wrong meanings do not get changed.
Following an interactive exercise in which participants exchanged horror stories involving lack of language access at their places of work, Abraham wrapped up the session with four steps for creating a comprehensive language access plan. Enlisting champions from both the legal and finance departments is crucial. Ways of achieving long term solutions without project-killing expense include shared hires of interpreter and creating consortiums of HCOs who can negotiate bulk purchase of services.
But, she said, there are also ways to accomplish short-term solutions; creating a staff Language Access Task Force and Communication Plan, using over the phone interpretation, and video interpretation (her organization uses ipads).
Finally, she said, there are quick wins — specifically, there are steps to make phone interpretation work. They include staff training, instructions posted on phones for how to use phone interpreters, department “champions,” and concentration on high demand areas like the emergency room and family medicine. There are wonderful ways, she concluded, to make systems transformation in small steps.
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Non Verbal Reasoning - Classification - Discussion
In each problem, out of the five figures marked (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5), four are similar in a certain manner. However, one figure is not like the other four. Choose the figure which is different from the rest.
Choose the figure which is different from the rest.
Remain 3 figs have a half leaves. Then which one have a more leaves with half leaves with in these three leaves so pic fig 3. Tats the answer.
Simple logic is which one have max leaves.
Number 2 has 3 half leaves and 2 line segment.
Number 3 has 7 half leaves and 6 line segment.
Number 4 has 6 half leaves and 6 line segment.
Number 5 has 5 half leaves and 4 line segment.
So answer should be option D not C.
a) 1 as the middle leaf is missing.
b) 2 as it does not have 2 complete leaves.
c) most number of half-leaves but sounds logically incorrect.
In 2nd fig, there are 3 half leaves and 2 lines(different is one)
In 3rd fig, there are 7 half leaves and 5 lines (difference two)
In 4th one, there are 6 half leaves and 5 lines (difference is one )
In 5th fig, there are 5 half leaves and 4 lines (difference is one)
So, option 3 is the correct answer.
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Introduction: Build a Robot Boat Using Water Bottles
This will show you how to build a robot boat from cheap and easy to use materials, I think it is also a good example of reusing water bottles.
I used two water bottles, polymorph plastic, two motors and propellers, tape, a box, a battery and a motoruino (Arduino clone designed to work with motors, servos and sensors).
Step 1: Materials Needed:
- Two water bottles
- Two simple dc motors
- Two propellers
- Isolating tape
- Motoruino (or any other microcontroller and a h-bridge)
Step 2: Add the Motor and the Propeller to Each Bottle
- Take out the bottle cap and insert the motor on its mouth (you can use some insulating tape if you see that there is space between the motor and the plastic).
Use polymorph to seal the bottle. If this is the first time you're using this material you may find these tutorials helpful:
- Attach the propeller
Step 3: Connect the Two Bottles
I used a polymorph extruded tube to pass give structure and pass the motors' wires and insulating tape just to support the box.
Step 4: Make the Electrical Connections
If you use a motoruino, you just have to connect the battery and motors' wires to the board. If you use a normal arduino you will have to use a shield or mount the h-bridge on a breadboard.
I used a SFR05 sonar, if you use it too, check this example: http://www.robot-electronics.co.uk/htm/arduino_examples.htm#SRF05 Ultrasonic Ranger
Step 5: Have Fun!
- Put the battery and the arduino at the box and mount it on the robot.
- Upload the code to the microcontroller. If you want to have a look at my code, download it, it is attached.
- Have fun!
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Denis Diderot was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. He was one of the prominent figures of the Enlightenment and is best known as the co-founder and chief editor of the Encyclopédie, a comprehensive encyclopedia that aimed to summarize and disseminate knowledge during the 18th century.
The Diderot effect is a phenomenon that occurs when acquiring a new possession leads to a spiral of consumption that results in the acquisition of even more possessions. In other words, it means that buying something new can cause a chain reaction of buying more and more things because the new item makes one feel like one needs other things to go with it or to keep up with it. This can lead to overspending and accumulating more possessions than one needs or uses [source]
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The Diderot effect can be applied to teaching by recognizing the potential spiral of consumption in educational materials and resources. Just like acquiring a new possession can lead to the desire for more related items, teachers may feel the need to constantly acquire new teaching materials, resources, and technology to enhance their teaching. There is always a new shiny toy waiting right around the corner.
While it is important to stay updated and utilize effective resources, it is equally crucial to assess the actual needs and effectiveness of these materials. If your pedagogy is strong many of the tools you have in your tool kit already will get the job done. Being a good teacher involves understanding the core principles of teaching and focusing on providing quality education rather than constantly chasing after the latest teaching trends. materials, and technology.
By critically evaluating the necessity and impact of each teaching resource, you can avoid unnecessary overspending and ensure that your focus remains on creating a meaningful learning experience for your students.
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Next time you flip a coin you might want to pick the side that's already facing up
LEILA FADEL, HOST:
Good morning. I'm Leila Fadel.
Next time you flip a coin, you might want to pick the side that's already facing up. A recent University of Amsterdam study says that flipped coins have what's called a same-side bias. The study flipped coins in 46 different currencies 350,000 times and registered that 51% of the time the coins landed on the side they started on. The research could upend ideas about the fairness of flipping a coin. I guess you could always draw straws.
It's MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.
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Youths are the most users of internet platforms and services. They are an integral part of the innovation and consumption of digital services. But where are their voices? Who hears their cries on data privacy, online security and the impacts of emerging technologies?
To build capacity on data protection, KICTANet partnering with Meta hosted a session on Data Protection and Privacy during the 2023 Kenya Youth IGF day in Nairobi.
In this session, it was clear that the youth and children face considerable online safety challenges, and there is a call to empower them to overcome safety barriers.
In Kenya, we have laws on the collection and processing of data under the Data Protection Act of 2019. The Act outlines the type of personal data to be collected and how it should be processed, stored and transferred. However, the missing link under this provision is awareness among the youth of such laws.
Data protection laws need to be more comprehensive for young people. They need to be accessible, attractive and include contents that trigger the curiosity of the developing mind.
Data collection and processing should be easy to understand and conveyed in simple terms to children. They need to understand that data collection is as simple as adding a phone number to your phone book or asking a friend what team they support.
KICTANet, in its Cyber security and Cyber Hygiene Awareness programs, has proved this to be effective by training women politicians on online safety who went on to participate positively in online platforms.
Data Protection for young people
Meta, a giant data processor, and the parent company of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, acknowledges that youths are at the core of the formulation of digital policies, products and services.
Young people should be part of the development processes. They need to be made aware of digital and data privacy laws in play, both locally and globally. They should know the kind of content they consume, and the type of data they use to engage others.
Institutions, just like Microsoft does, should prioritise child protection against targeted feeds and ads. They should always ensure children’s safety guided by policies, market regulations, admin restrictions and use of safety features to create a safe environment in cyberspaces.
Artificial Intelligence is also being harnessed into age verification for adults who masquerade as children. Although it may not be 100% accurate, the good thing is that it is working in the interest of the safety of children.
The above measures safeguarding underage persons from online insecurity are objective but independent. They solely serve a single institution or entity.
Therefore, we need to harmonize these guidelines across all platforms, contextualise the frameworks locally, and have family centres for informed conversations and basic educational programs.
Nicodemus Nyakundi is an ICT Access and Equality Fellow for PWDs at KICTANet. He has a background in IT and advocates for digital inclusivity.
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Arterial Blood Gas
What is a blood gas test?
A blood gas test measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. It may also be used to determine the pH of the blood, or how acidic it is. The test is commonly known as a blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas (ABG) test.
Your red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout your body. These are known as blood gases.
As blood passes through your lungs, oxygen flows into the blood while carbon dioxide flows out of the blood into the lungs. The blood gas test can determine how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
Imbalances in the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels of your blood can indicate the presence of certain medical conditions. These may include:
- kidney failure
- heart failure
- uncontrolled diabetes
- chemical poisoning
- a drug overdose
Your doctor may order a blood gas test when you’re showing symptoms of any of these conditions. The test requires the collection of a small amount of blood from an artery. It’s a safe and simple procedure that only takes a few minutes to complete.
Why do I need this test?
You may need this test if you have trouble getting oxygen into your systembecause you have a lung disease such as pneumonia or emphysema. But low oxygen levels and impaired gas exchange may be a sign of another disease or condition that has nothing to do with your lungs. Your healthcare provider needs to know what’s causing your breathing problems to prescribe the right treatment. If you are using supplemental oxygen to help you breathe, this test shows if you are getting enough extra oxygen.
People on a breathing machine or who have kidney disease, kidney failure, diabetes, shock, chronic vomiting, or other conditions may have problems with the acid-base balance in their blood. Here are some of the more common reasons an ABG is ordered:
- You’re often short of breath.
- You’re unusually tired.
- You feel confused or disoriented.
- You have chronic vomiting or nausea.
- You are in shock.
- You have a smoke-inhalation injury.
- You have carbon monoxide poisoning.
- You have burns in your airways.
- You’re being treated for a near-drowning accident or for decompression sickness.
- You’re being treated for a lung condition that affects how your body absorbs oxygen or gets rid of carbon dioxide.
- You’re a smoker, and the healthcare provider needs to find out whether you have a disease such as congestive heart failure.
- You’ve had a drug overdose.
- You’ve had a head or neck injury and now have trouble breathing.
- You have a condition that can affect breathing, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, myasthenia gravis, or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- A newborn is having trouble breathing.
What is measured in an arterial blood gas test?
An arterial blood gas test usually includes the following measurements:
- Oxygen content (O2CT): This measures the amount of oxygen in your blood.
- Hemoglobin: This measures the amount of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen to your cells, in your blood.
- Oxygen saturation (O2Sat): This measures how much hemoglobin in your blood is carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.
- Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2): This measures the pressure of oxygen dissolved in your blood. It helps show how well oxygen moves from your lungs to your bloodstream.
- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2): This measures the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood and how well carbon dioxide can move out of your body.
- pH: This measures the balance of acids and bases in your blood, known as your blood pH level. The pH of blood is usually between 7.35 and 7.45. If it’s lower than that, your blood is considered too acidic. If it’s higher than that range, your blood is considered too basic (alkaline).
- Bicarbonate (HCO3): This is calculated using the measured values of pH and PaCO2 to determine the amount of the basic compound made from carbon dioxide (CO2.)
When is an arterial blood gas (ABG) test performed?
Healthcare providers frequently order arterial blood gas (ABG) tests for the following settings or areas of medicine:
- Emergency medicine: Emergency medicine is the area of medicine that’s concerned with the care of illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention.
- Anesthesiology: Anesthesiology is the area of medicine that’s concerned with the care of people before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine and pain medicine.
- Pulmonology: Pulmonology is the area of medicine that deals with diseases involving your respiratory system.
Healthcare providers evaluate several conditions using an ABG, including:
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): This is a life-threatening lung injury that causes dangerously low oxygen levels in your blood. It’s caused by sepsis, COVID-19 and other conditions.
- Severe Sepsis: Sepsis is a medical emergency caused by your body’s response to an infection and can be life-threatening. Sepsis is the consequence of widespread inflammation in your body.
- Septic shock: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that happens when your blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after an infection.
- Hypovolemic shock: Hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition in which severe blood loss or other fluid loss makes your heart unable to pump enough blood to your body.
- Diabetes related ketoacidosis (DKA): This is a serious and life-threatening complication that affects people with diabetes (mainly Type 1 diabetes) and those who have undiagnosed Type 1 diabetes. It causes your blood to become acidic.
- Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): This condition happens when your kidneys don’t remove acids from your blood into your urine as they should, causing your blood to become acidic.
- Acute respiratory failure: This happens when fluid builds up in the air sacs in your lungs, making it difficult for your lungs to release oxygen into your blood.
- Acute heart failure: This is a sudden weakening of your heart that limits its function. It requires emergency treatment to help manage and alleviate symptoms.
- Cardiac arrest: This happens when your heart suddenly stops beating. It can happen to individuals who may or may not have heart disease and requires immediate medical attention.
- Asthma attack: This is a sudden worsening of asthma symptoms caused by the tightening of muscles around your airways.
- Inborn errors of metabolism: These are rare genetic (inherited) conditions in which your body can’t properly turn food into energy. These conditions are usually caused by issues with or a lack of specific proteins (enzymes) that help break down parts of food.
Your provider may also perform an arterial blood gas test if you have any of the following lung conditions to make sure your treatment is working properly:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Heart disease
What are the risks of a blood gas test?
Since a blood gas test doesn’t require a large sample of blood, it’s considered a low-risk procedure.
However, you should always tell your doctor about existing medical conditions that may make you bleed more than expected. You should also tell them if you’re taking any over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as blood thinners, that may affect your bleeding.
Possible side effects associated with the blood gas test include:
- bleeding or bruising at the puncture site
- feeling faint
- blood accumulating under the skin
- infection at the puncture site
Tell your doctor if you experience unexpected or prolonged side effects.
What do my test results mean?
Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, the method used for the test, and other things. Your test results may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.
The results of you ABG will show several numbers. Here are two important ones:
Partial pressure of oxygen, or PaO2. This measurement shows the pressure of oxygen in your blood. Healthy adults will generally have a resting Pa02 greater than 80 millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Acid-base balance (pH). When carbon dioxide builds up in your blood, it dissolves and creates an acid. If your blood acid level is out of balance, it can mean your body isn’t able to get rid carbon dioxide efficiently. This may happen because your lungs aren’t working well or your kidneys can’t get rid of the acid. A normal result is between 7.35 and 7.45.
What happens after the test?
- Do not lift or carry objects for about 24 hours after you’ve had blood drawn from an artery. Read more
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A sextant is an instrument generally used to measure
of a celestial object above the horizon
Making this measurement is known as "sighting the object,"
"shooting the object," or "taking a sight." The angle, and
the time when it was measured, can be used to calculate
a position line on a nautical or aeronautical chart. A
common use of the sextant is to sight the sun at noon
to find one's latitude
. Held sideways instead of upright,
the sextant can be used to measure the angle between any
two objects, such as between two lighthouses, which will,
similarly, allow for calculation of a line of position
on a chart.
Do it yourself Sextant or CD-Sextant:
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Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)
A native of the Mediterranean region and member of the mint family, rosemary is a lovely, easy-to-grow plant with great culinary and ornamental value. A striking, upright evergreen shrub that is winter-hardy in zones 8 to 10, it fills the air with its fragrance as soon as you brush your hand across the leaves. The key to growing rosemary is a well-drained soil that stays evenly moist at first; as the plant takes root it becomes increasingly drought tolerant. It is also excellent for containers, which lets gardeners in colder climates to bring it indoors in the winter. Unlike most herbs, rosemary has a stronger flavor when fresh than when dried. Cut sprigs anytime for fresh use. Trim it regularly to encourage tender new stems or the plant will get woody.
- Light: Full sun
- Spacing: 24 to 36 inches
- Plant size: 24 to 36 inches tall
- Garden use: Herb garden, flower border, containers, low clipped hedge
- Culinary use: Italian and Mediterranean dishes, vinegar and oils, breads
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New research reveals how shoppers make purchases
Are we really rational?
As consumers most of us are under the impression that we can make rational decisions as we wish. This may look plausible. However, findings indicate that this is not often the case. Consumers may not process multiple decision criteria at once, and oftentimes rely on one or two only.
Well, this may not look that bad. What if one does a good job making choices based on just a single criterion? Theoretically, that is conceivable, but empirical findings suggest consumers may also have difficulty with assessing one criterion. Hence, they could make irrational judgments without knowing that they have done so.
The impact of the number of settings
Some consumers may know that and look for clues that are ostensibly clear, straightforward, and relatively diagnostic. One such clue is the role of the number of adjustable processing settings that products come with.
Imagine there are two range-hoods: one with three speed settings and the other with six. In a rational setting and among truly rational people, one could say that above and beyond this difference in terms of the number of speed settings, it must be the airflow or even the wattage of hoods that makes a difference.
One could think that the hypothetical range of settings is continuous, then broken down into specified levels for reasons other than the output performance of the products.
In that sense, the maximum output performance of the rangehoods should be finite and fixed (e.g., 3000 m3/h) and independent of the number of speed settings: a heater with three speed settings, one with six, and another that comes with a slider and, in a sense an unlimited number of speed settings, should all have the same maximum output performance when their airflow is the same.
Findings from our studies across multiple products reveal that consumers mistakenly consider the number of adjustable heat/speed settings a clue to maximum output performance.
This may signal that the number of settings could function as a diagnostic clue.
Realistically speaking, the actual output performance metric of certain products is clear: watts for a heater, dpi for a printer, airflow for a range hood, just to name some. That said, we found that even in the presence of the latter, consumers relied on the former to infer the maximum output performance of products.
Even worse, when the number of settings and actual diagnostic information were reversed (i.e., a less powerful product came with a greater number of settings), a significant proportion of consumers relied on the number of settings to infer maximum output performance instead of the actual diagnostic clue.
Where does this flawed intuition stop?
We concluded in the research that only when levels and certain diagnostic values (e.g., watts) are mapped and the products are juxtaposed, would consumers come to the realisation that the number of settings has nothing to do with output performance.
This signals that consumers may rely on relatively broad worldviews that impact the conclusions they draw and thereby decisions they make.
The role of lay theories
The research suggests that humans have long tried to come up with explanations for the phenomena in the world around. Some of these lay explanations could be sensible.
For example, many believe that doing extreme physical activities right after having a meal is not a good idea. However, many of these lay explanations are flawed and could lead to poor choices/decisions.
For instance, doctors say that taking antibiotics has nothing to do with the treatment of the common cold or flu. However, some people still think they should take the medication.
Similarly, the impact of the number of speed/heat settings is one such flawed lay belief. Consumers seem to have the intuition that more is always better, even if the actual performance or diagnostic clue suggests otherwise.
The latter is as we proposed and observed in our research. Similarly, research has concluded that a printer whose model number is even slightly greater than another one (X110 vs. X100) is considered superior even if the actual printout of the latter is superior.
Where to go from here?
Empirical evidence indicates that consumers have difficulty with understanding the role and weight of numbers. Are there any remedies for this?
First, consumers could be educated through communication efforts by firms.
However, this may not happen in reality.
Right or wrong, companies may be more concerned with the sales efforts and hence like this flawed intuition to be at work on consumers’ side. Second, and as a corollary to the first point, policymakers could devise some rules, thereby forcing manufacturers to communicate the fact that the number of levels could have something to do with variety of outputs but nothing with the maximum output of products.
We should also note that this is key, as this is concerned with the impact of one factor only. Couple this with other intuitions such as those about product dimensions, price etc., and wait for the disaster to come.
Dr Shahin Sharifi is a lecturer in the Department of Marketing at Macquarie Business School.
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During the physical exam, a health care provider will feel along your breastbone for tenderness or swelling. The provider might also move your rib cage or your arms in certain ways to try to trigger symptoms.
The pain of costochondritis can be similar to the pain associated with heart disease, lung disease, gastrointestinal problems and osteoarthritis. There is no laboratory or imaging test to confirm a diagnosis of costochondritis. But a health care provider might order certain tests, such as an electrocardiogram and chest X-ray, to rule out other conditions.
Costochondritis usually goes away on its own, although it might last for several weeks or longer. Treatment focuses on pain relief.
Your health care provider might recommend:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. You can buy some types of these drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve, others), over the counter. Stronger versions are available by prescription. Side effects can include damage to the stomach lining and kidneys.
- Narcotics. If pain is severe, a provider might prescribe a narcotic medication such as tramadol (Ultram). Narcotics can be habit-forming.
- Antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, are often used to control chronic pain — especially if the pain interferes with sleep.
- Anti-seizure drugs. The epilepsy medication gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) has also proved successful in controlling chronic pain.
Physical therapy treatments might include:
- Stretching exercises. Gentle stretching exercises for the chest muscles might be helpful.
- Nerve stimulation. In a procedure called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a device sends a weak electrical current via adhesive patches on the skin near the area of pain. The current might interrupt or mask pain signals, preventing them from reaching the brain.
Surgery or other procedures
If conservative measures don't work, another option is to inject numbing medication and a corticosteroid directly into the painful joint.
From Mayo Clinic to your inbox
It can be frustrating to know that there's little to do to treat costochondritis. But self-care measures, such as the following, might help.
- Nonprescription pain relievers. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve, others) may be helpful.
- Topical pain relievers. These include creams, gels, patches and sprays. They may contain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or numbing medications. Some varieties contain capsaicin, the substance that makes hot peppers spicy.
- Heat or ice. Try placing hot compresses or a heating pad on the painful area several times a day. Keep the heat on a low setting. Ice also might be helpful.
- Rest. Avoid or modify activities that might worsen pain.
Preparing for your appointment
You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in disorders of the joints (rheumatologist).
What you can do
Ask a relative or friend to accompany you, to help you remember what the provider says.
Make a list of:
- Symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment, and when they began
- Key medical information, including other conditions you have and any injury to the painful joint
- Key personal information, including major life changes or stressors
- All medications, vitamins and supplements, including doses
- Questions to ask the health care provider
Questions to ask your doctor
- What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
- What tests do I need?
- What self-care steps are likely to help?
- Do I need to restrict activities?
- What new signs or symptoms should I watch for?
- When can I expect my symptoms to resolve?
- I have other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
Don't hesitate to ask other questions.
What to expect from your doctor
Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, including:
- Have your symptoms worsened over time?
- Where is your pain?
- Does exercise or physical exertion make your symptoms worse?
- Does anything else make your pain worse or better?
- Are you having difficulty breathing?
- Have you had recent respiratory infections or injuries to your chest?
- Are you aware of a history of heart problems in your family?
May 11, 2022
- Ferri FF. Costochondritis. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2022.
- Phillips K, et al. Management of isolated musculoskeletal chest pain. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 20, 2022.
- Frontera WR, et al. Costosternal syndrome. In: Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 24, 2022.
- Wise CM. Major causes of musculoskeletal chest pain in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 20, 2022.
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A new study from University of Oklahoma Department of Ophthalmology has found that daily use of medication called pirenzepine gel can slow down myopia progression in children, say researchers.
Myopia or nearsightedness is a condition in which focus on near objects is good, but distant objects appear blurry. Caused by a problem with the length of the eyeball or the curvature of the cornea, myopia gets worse over time in many children.
In the study led by Dr. R. Michael Stiatkowski of Dean McGee Eye Institute/University of Oklahoma Department of Ophthalmology, children with myopia were randomly assigned to treatment with pirenzepine gel or an inactive placebo gel. All children initially had "moderate" myopia, with an average refractive error of about -2.00 diopters.
The new study presents the final results in 84 patients who continued treatment for a total of two years: 53 with pirenzepine and 31 with placebo.
Although myopia worsened in both groups of children, the rate of progression was slower with pirenzepine.
At the end of two years, myopia increased by an average of 0.58 diopters in children using pirenzepine compared to 0.99 diopters with placebo.
New glasses are generally prescribed when myopia worsens by at least 0.75 diopters. During the study, 37 percent of children using pirenzepine met 0.75 diopters cut-off compared with 68 percent of the placebo group.
Treatments to slow worsening myopia could also have important quality-of-life benefits.
Previous studies have suggested that a drug called atropine can delay progression of myopia. The new results show that pirenzepine-a related drug with fewer side effects-is also safe and effective for this purpose.
The study appears in the August issue of the Journal of AAPOS (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus).
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Sustainable washing and cleaning methods are so much easier than we think – and cheaper! Many of the products we have learned are necessary are not needed at all, and some products are even harmful to both our health and to the environment. An easy way to reduce emissions of chemicals is to reduce the number of cleaning products and use eco-labelled detergents. Strong cleaning agents are usually not needed to make your home clean. Today there is a whole movement online about how we can clean our home with some simple eco-friendly products such as vinegar, lemon, salt, and bicarbonate of soda. Below are more detailed tips for those who want to make a difference in their washing and cleaning methods at home.
Tips for eco-friendly cleaning
- For cleaning the floors, use only water and soap, preferably an eco-labelled one.
- The kitchen, bathroom, windows, and other surfaces can be cleaned with a mixture of 2 dl vinegar (12%), 3 dl water and 5 drops of dishwashing liquid. Pour into a reusable spray bottle and spray (note: not suitable on natural stone as stains may occur!). This leaves surfaces shiny clean. For sinks and toilet seats, first sprinkle a little bicarbonate of soda on the surface and then spray. The bicarbonate of soda dissolves the dirt and leaves everything spotless.
- Microfiber cloths are good for cleaning dust, they absorb grease and dust and you do not need to use detergent. However, they can emit microplastics. An alternative can be linen rags – linen is one of the most durable textiles in the world.
- Remove tiles- and oven stains with bicarbonate of soda. Mix bicarbonate of soda with water until it has a viscid but manageable consistency. Smear over the tiles and leave on for at least 15 min. Use for example a toothbrush to scrub. For the oven, use a scraper.
- Scrub and scrape! Sometimes some muscles and hard work may be needed to remove tougher stains such as limescale deposits. Limescale on glass in the bathroom is advantageously removed with the same scraper as for the oven hatch. Try to use a discarded toothbrush or coconut fibre brush.
- To make the dishcloth last longer, boil it in a saucepan with water and a few drops of detergent. It is also fine to wash Wettex cloths and dish brushes in the dishwasher. An advice is to always rinse the dishcloth with cold water before putting it down – hot water in the dishcloth benefits bacterial growth.
- Read about more non-toxic cleaning tips here: Replace the harmful chemicals (in Swedish).
Washing and microplastics
What kind of materials our clothes are made of and how we wash them affect the environment in different ways. Synthetic fabrics emit tiny particles, so-called microplastics, and when we wash our clothes these microplastics go down the drain. Microplastics end up in the oceans and have been found in everything from fishes to sea salt and seaweed, and even in our drinking water and vegetables!
Why do we need to worry about microplastics ending up in the environment and finally, in our bodies? Research on microplastics is still relatively new but the studies that have been done shows, among other things, that it does impact our health. Plastic attracts oils, and oils in the sea often attract various pollutants and microorganisms that are harmful to humans. In several studies, microplastic fragments have been found in the brains of fish, in the liver and in the heart of rats and in mouse embryos. Researchers believe that microplastics in the human body can lead to several health problems such as oxidative stress, damage to our DNA and inflammation. At present, water treatment plants have no effective way to filter microplastics, but we can prevent them from ending up in the sewers!
- Buy textiles in natural materials. Read our post on sustainable textiles.
- Avoid skin care products, beauty products and other hygiene products that contain microplastics. Kurera (in Swedish) has an informative article on how you can identify which products that contain microplastics and a whole list of hygiene products to avoid.
- When you are washing synthetic materials (such as swimwear), hand washing in cold water is the best way to reduce the amount of microplastic that ends up in the environment.
- There are also laundry bags that catch a large amount of microplastic, such as the Guppyfriend laundry bag. The bag reduces the amount of microplastic that ends up in the drains but does not stop all microplastics.
Tips for an eco-friendly washing
- Ventilate your clothes in the first place (preferably when it is damp outside), before you decide to put them in the washing machine. That is often enough!
- Use eco-labelled detergent and dose correctly.
- Fill the washing machine thoroughly before you start washing.
- Wash in as low degrees as possible, the laundry is usually clean anyway. Today’s detergents are so effective that 30 or even 20 degrees may be enough. Why not try once?
- To get rid of tough stains from white textiles, boil the fabric for a while on the stove with water and lemon. Then hang the garment in the sun and stains will disappear!
- Avoid fabric softeners as they often contain environmentally hazardous surfactants and allergenic perfumes. Instead use vinegar (in the same way), as vinegar removes odours from clothing and removes a variety of harmful organisms such as mould spores.
- Let your laundry air dry if you have the opportunity. It reduces energy use, but above all wears less on clothes.
Page updated 2021.
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Nanoparticles can cross mouse placenta and induce trophoblast apoptosis
SCIENCE DIRECT Microplastics in air: Are we breathing it in?
SPRINGER LINK Bioavailability and biodistribution of differently charged polystyrene nanoparticles upon oral exposure in rats.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Brain damage and behavioural disorders in fish induced by plastic nanoparticles delivered through the food chain.
SCIENCE DIRECT Dangerous hitchhikers? Evidence for potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. on microplastic particles.
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Art for the Millions: American Culture and Politics in the 1930s
September 7–December 10, 2023
The 1930s was a decade of political and social upheaval in the United States, and the art and visual culture of the time reflected the unsettled environment. Americans searched for their cultural identity during the Great Depression, a period marked by divisive politics, threats to democracy, and intensified social activism, including a powerful labor movement. Featuring more than 100 works from The Met collection and several lenders, this exhibition explores how artists expressed political messages and ideologies through a range of media, from paintings, sculptures, prints, and photographs to film, dance, decorative arts, fashion, and ephemera.
Highlights include paintings by Georgia O’Keeffe, Charles Sheeler, and Stuart Davis; prints by Elizabeth Olds, Dox Thrash, and Riva Helfond; photographs by Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange; footage of Martha Graham’s dance Frontier; and more, providing an unprecedented overview of the era’s sociopolitical landscape.
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Want to learn about the health benefits of poppy, how to harvest poppy for medicine and how to use poppy remedies? Continue reading and find out.
Poppy (Papaver somniferum) also known as opium poppy has been cultivated since antiquity in China, India, and Southern Europe, and is mentioned in the writings of Homer, Hippocrates, and Pliny the Elder. Poppy seeds and oil are widely used in food, confectionery, bakery, and pastry. However, few know of the health benefits of poppy and how to use poppy flowers in remedies for various ailments. But we’re here to remind you of this.
In This Article You Will Find:
Health Benefits of Poppy Flowers & Seeds
Poppy seeds contain codeine, papaverine, and morphine alkaloids with analgesic and calming effects, this is why the poppy is a very effective medicine in treating insomnia, depression, and melancholy, this being one of the main health benefits of poppy. In ancient times, poppy seeds were used as a cure for many ailments, such as asthma, angina pectoris, migraines, and liver disease.
Due to its composition rich in phosphorus, an element that helps to better absorb calcium in the body, and high amounts of calcium, the poppy is an excellent remedy against osteoporosis. This medicinal property of poppy was discovered by chance when the human remains from an old cemetery were transmuted in a forgotten village in Slovakia. The researchers noted that the bones of the deceased showed no signs of osteoporosis. It was a known fact that the inhabitants of the region were poppy cultivators, so it was hypothesized that this plant fights bone disease. Later research shows that a single tablespoon of poppy seeds contains 126 milligrams of calcium. The main health benefits of poopy are:
- calcium deficiency
- insect bites
Its wild relative, the common poppy (Papaver rhoeas) has a milder sedative action compared to the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). The petals of common poppy species can be used in the composition of some medicinal teas for their mildly sedative properties. Natural dyes can also be extracted from the petals.
How to Harvest Poppy Flowers for Medicine
The medicinal parts of the poppy flower (Papaver somniferum), are its seeds, petals, and leaves. The petals and leaves are harvested in full sun from May to June, when the poppies are fully bloomed, while the seeds can be harvested in August-September. Dry the poppy petals and leaves in a dark place away from sunlight, then store them in paper bags for later use. The poppy seeds can be stored in sealed glass jars.
2 Medicinal Recipes with Poppy
1. How to Make Poppy Flower Tea
Pour a cup of boiling water over 3 grams of dried poppy petals. Leave to infuse, then strain the tea. You can have one tablespoon three times a day, before the main meals, and in the evening, half an hour before bedtime. This is an excellent remedy for insomnia.
2. How to Make Poppy Flower Tincture
Pour 500 ml of food alcohol over 10 grams of poppy petals into a glass jar. Seal and leave to soak for two weeks in a cool, dark place. Shak the jar periodically. The poppy flower tincture can be administered for two weeks and is an effective remedy for insomnia and nightmares.
4 Natural Remedies with Poppy Flowers
Poppy petals are one of the top natural remedies for insomnia and there are several ways to use poppy petals in this instance. Poppy flowers tea (recipe above) is a great way to relieve insomnia, but you can also use poppy petals powder instead. Bring a cup of water and two teaspoons of honey to a boil. Then add two teaspoons of poppy petals powder and simmer for 10 minutes. Have one teaspoon three times a day until the insomnia is gone.
To make the insomnia remedy even more powerful, mix in equal parts of poppy petals, hop cones, and chopped valerian root. Infuse a tablespoon of the herbal blend in a cup of boiling water for 15 minutes, then strain it. Drink two cups a day, the second one an hour before bedtime. In addition to these poppy flower teas, you can also take 15 drops of poppy petals tincture twice a day, 30 minutes before the main meals, using the above recipe.
Researchers conducted a study on two groups of women suffering from osteoporosis. For a year, the patients in the first group were given classic allopathic medicine for osteoporosis, and the patients in the other group were administered various poppy preparations. After 12 months, the women who had been treated with poppy seeds no longer showed any symptoms of the disease, while the others were still suffering from this condition.
Pour a cup of boiling water over 10 grams of dried poppy seeds and a tablespoon of honey. Cover and allow the poppy tea to cool, then strain. Take one tablespoon two or three times a day after the main meals. This natural remedy should be followed for no more than two weeks.
Infuse two tablespoons of poppy petals in a cup of boiling water for 15 minutes, then strain. Drink two cups a day. This simple remedy works for cough, but also for mild bronchitis, and laryngitis. Or, you can use poppy seeds instead, as follows. Put a teaspoon of poppy seeds in a quarter cup of lukewarm milk. Drink on the spot, preferably in the second half of the day. This remedy should not be followed for more than five days in a row. This simple poppy seeds remedy relieves chest pain and cough.
4. Insect Bites
Fresh poppy juice helps to cure insect stings of bees, wasps, and other insects. Just crush a few fresh poppy petals and leaves on the sting and repeat several times a day to relieve the itch. Freshly picked poppy leaves are a good remedy for joint pain, tumors, bruises, and skin lesions when applied topically.
The Magical Use of Poppy Flowers
In summer, when the poppies bloom, the fields turn into a sea of fire whose waves sway in the breeze. In ancient Egypt, after the feet of the beautiful Queen Nefertiti were bathed in the waters of the great Nile, the gentle red-blooded poppies served as a carpet for the graceful goddess who walked over them. At that time, the poppy was not only admired for its astonishing beauty. First, doctors used its medical properties, using poppy flowers to treat various ailments, and later, the priests started using it because of its soporific qualities and introduced it into magical rituals.
The magical power of poppy flowers was also recognized by the Greeks. In Greek mythology, the poppy flower belonged to the god of sleep, Hypnos, the son of the great goddess of the night, Nyx, and the god of darkness, Erebus. Hypnos, wearing a poppy crown on his head, hovered above the Earth, dripping a magical poppy essence from his cup to offer mortals a restful sleep. And when the poppy drops failed to bring about sleep, Hypnos descended to the earth and, with a blossom, touched the temples and eyes of the tormented ones, driving away their evil thoughts and calming their soul.
Poppy, a Dammned Healing Beauty
While not toxic per se, the poppy has fallen under the category of “toxic plants” that have even been called “political plants“. However, long before being used as psychedelics, poppies, a close relative of carnations, were used by people from the lower Danube Valley to extract healing oils, and their seeds were used in pastry or as a tea to induce sleep. But if we think about the history of opium, we have every reason to be terrified: opium has now been turned into heroin, intoxicating much of the Western world. Many lands have been degraded, and used for the cultivation of toxic plants, enriching the criminal industries.
The greed of the few has fuelled the fear of the many in a civilization that has lost its sense of its own nature. Nature is our mother and without it, we cannot survive. Indeed, like all medicinal plants with powerful capabilities, the poppy flower can teach us a valuable spiritual lesson if we are willing to receive it. But when we abuse it, we get trapped in the lower vibrational realms of powerlessness, and dependency, and this is now what the poppy flower wants to teach us. Use it wisely.
If you’ve enjoyed learning about the health benefits of poppy seeds, flowers, and leaves, please share this article so more people can use this information. Stay healthy and happy, naturally.
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Our new guide is aimed at helping non-accountant readers of government’s accounts understand better what is being reported in them and what it means.Jump to downloads
Departmental financial statements can sometimes be difficult to understand if readers are not familiar with the accounting and reporting requirements that apply in the central government sector. This guide aims to help readers of government’s accounts to more easily navigate and understand them. The guide focuses on departmental Annual Reports and Accounts, but is also relevant to annual reports and accounts of other central government bodies, such as executive agencies and non-departmental public bodies.
Robust, independent scrutiny and challenge of an organisation’s accounts is an important driver of transparent financial reporting and accountability. Reviewers need to have a good understanding of central government’s financial statements if they are to discharge their challenge role effectively; this guide can help non-accountant readers of government’s accounts understand better what is being reported in them and what it means.
The guide explains the key elements of the accountability cycle for public money (of which the accounts are an important part), as well as the purpose and content of the annual report, the primary statements and the notes to the accounts. There is also a section on trust statements. The guide shows how each of these elements differs from the accounts of a company or other organisation outside of government. Each section of the guide provides key questions to help those charged with governance engage with and challenge the accounts.
- Guide-to-understanding-departmental-accounts.pdf (.pdf — 2 MB)
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To make the search process easier, it is important to first think about what question your research should answer.
Structure the Search
One of the best practices researchers employ that everyone can adapt to suit their own needs is to plan a search strategy before embarking on the hunt. A suggested general sequence is:
- Determine the question.
If someone were to read the question without added explanation, would they understand what was being asked? Is enough known about the topic to ask specific questions or will the first search be one to gather preliminary and background information?
- Consider the concept(s) in the question.
Is there another way to express the question? What are words or phrases that could be incorporated into the search or removed to make searching more focused?
- Decide what type of information is required.
What will best answer the question? Will it be a set of statistics, a historical summation of events, or a list of items that contain even more information about the subject of interest? Does it entail meeting with someone to conduct an interview?
- Speculate on where that information could be found.
Who are the organizations with an interest in this topic? Is there a government agency that gathers data on this subject? What about universities and colleges – do they have degree programs or research programs on the issue? Are there companies or trade groups with business ties to the subject? Did the media report on it? Would the Internet be the best source, or are books better this time?
Please Note: the term system is used here to represent Internet search engines and library online catalogs interchangeably.
Most internet search engines will accept “natural language” searching in which a user can select everyday words to express their question (ex: “parliamentary elections”). The alternative to natural language is “controlled vocabulary” in which there is a set of predefined terms that a user must apply in order for the system to recognize their search. Most online library catalogs use a controlled vocabulary to help resolve the problem of context because words are given a precise meaning. Therefore, if someone is searching for information on monitoring corruption, they would have to use “Political Accountability” or whatever term the system prescribes. For example, the Democracy Research Guide uses a set of subject headings to describe issues related to democracy.
Once the words are selected, it is time to decide how to put them together for the system to do its work. Boolean searching describes the method of telling a search engine to find certain words, sometimes in a certain order.
- AND tells the search engine to find all of the words connected by AND
Ex: “democracy AND governance” finds all items that contain those two words.
Use AND to narrow the number of possible items found.
- OR tells the search engine to find one or more of the connected words
Ex: “media OR censorship OR freedom of information” finds all items that have any one of those words.
Use OR to increase the number of possible items found.
- NOT tells the search engine to avoid any item containing the term following NOT
Ex: “elections NOT monitoring” will find all items containing elections, but will not include those items that contain monitoring.
There are several sites dedicated to helping Internet users to learn search techniques that improve the quality and relevance of search results. An Internet search using the phrase “search strategies” will return some good sites. For example:
Bare Bones 101: A Basic Tutorial on Searching the Web
Ask for Help
If you experience difficulty with your search, do not hesitate to ask for help. The librarian at your organization or your local public library can help you structure your research and find the resources that you need.
In addition, most search engines provide a Help section (sometimes known as search syntax) that provide tips to help you find appropriate search results. For example, Google provides basic and advanced search help.
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Learning A-Z has a Reading Program, Vocabulary, Writing Program, Reading Tutors, and Science
and yes, will correlate with Australian (US & Canada) standards. See here..
There is another related program available, an online resource: Raz-Kids. Subscription to this program enables children to read along with leveled reading material, record themselves reading, build fluency and answer the interactive comprehension questions.
The Science program also includes Science in the News units- relevant content written at three reading levels and providing
opportunities to develop critical thinking, inquiry, and literacy skills.
The video introduction to Reading A-Z below presents a good overview of all aspects of this great program. Check it out below. Samples from each of Learning A-Z's award-winning programs are available from the site before you decide whether the material will be helpful for your needs, so take some time to check it out.
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“By the evidence of my senses I am now standing on the Acropolis, but I cannot believe it” - Sigmund Freud, 1936
Located on a limestone hill high above the city, the Acropolis of Athens in Greece is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. Over time, the site has been a fortress, a religious centre and a major cultural monument strongly associated with ideas of beauty and eternity.
Sigmund Freud was already “a man of mature years” when he travelled to Athens for the first and last time in 1904, accompanied by his younger brother, Alexander. Greek history and mythology deeply inspired him since childhood, but the trip was the result of unexpected changes to his travel plans that year.
When he reached the top of the Acropolis hill, gazing toward the sea, Freud experienced a feeling of astonishment and disbelief that puzzled him for decades. In 1936, he wrote about his experience in an open letter to French author Romain Rolland – the text, titled ‘A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis’ is now considered a key point of reference.
Tracing Freud on the Acropolis opens on July 26, 2023, at Freud Museum London and will bring together archives, images and objects exploring Freud’s journey to Greece, and his encounter with the Acropolis. A supporting public programme and further information to follow.
With the kind support of the Hellenic Society for Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
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This is the best way to think of the psychology of how we like to absorb information as humans…well, sort of. Our species has been communicating with drawings for 32,000 years (at least), while reading and writing words are much more recently acquired skills (and still not universal). Why is this important?
One might argue that with the information age, we’re actually taking a turn back toward our ancestral, purely visual selves. After all, what draws your eye in your social feed or in a business meeting? Is it text or images? Right. The more visual the information is, the more quickly we can absorb it and move onto the next thing. We’re moving away from focused study to retrieve information and more toward the laziness (or genius?) of receiving information in blips.
For people who plan things, this basic realization is critical to ensuring that all of the people you need to communicate to are receiving the information they need in a manner that they can most easily absorb. Research suggests that since the year 2000, the average adult attention span has been reduced to 8 seconds. If we consider this amazingly short period of focus, then the importance of strong visual communications becomes obvious.
Here is a very simple example to strengthen the point:
My goal was to communicate “square.” What does that best?
Data Visualization is a relatively new term coined to capture the ability to represent data visually, in an effort to provide information to readers in the most clear and efficient manner possible. Think the modern equivalent of the pictograph, a.k.a. the caveman drawing.
New software tools are being released on a regular basis that focus on data visualization. And application providers that previously paid lip-service to their visualization and reporting modules are now dedicating more resources to this area, due to its natural and increasing growth inimportance for company leadership.
Data visualization allows you to avoid putting a bunch of text in front of someone when you are presenting information. The text becomes more of a back-pocket reference, descriptor, or an appendix item — and the visuals, which have been produced with the data using software, are in the forefront and drive the conversation or presentation.
If you’re not aware of the growing importance of data visualization, you should be. Many industries have relied upon it for years (Oil and Gas, Pharmaceuticals, Aerospace, and many more). It’s the cutting edge of how we will work with data in the not-too-distant future. Not just for reporting, but for analytical and practical purposes as well. Ever looked at your personal spending broken down for you on an application like Mint? Data Viz.
The next time you’re responsible for communicating anything to anyone in your business, or maybe even at home, it may be worth a quick Internet search to find out if someone can help you do it better with an existing solution.
8 seconds? No problem.
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This book is an introduction to the language of systems biology, which is spoken among many disciplines, from biology to engineering. Authors Thomas Sauter and Marco Albrecht draw on a multidisciplinary background and evidence-based learning to facilitate the understanding of biochemical networks, metabolic modeling and system dynamics.
Their pedagogic approach briefly highlights core ideas of concepts in a broader interdisciplinary framework to guide a more effective deep dive thereafter. The learning journey starts with the purity of mathematical concepts, reveals its power to connect biological entities in structure and time, and finally introduces physics concepts to tightly align abstraction with reality.
This workbook is all about self-paced learning, supports the flipped-classroom concept, and kick-starts with scientific evidence on studying. Each chapter comes with links to external YouTube videos, learning checklists, and Integrated real-world examples to gain confidence in thinking across scientific perspectives. The result is an integrated approach that opens a line of communication between theory and application, enabling readers to actively learn as they read.
This overview of capturing and analyzing the behavior of biological systems will interest adherers of systems biology and network analysis, as well as related fields such as bioinformatics, biology, cybernetics, and data science.
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An early to mid 19th century pocket treen nutmeg grater in the shape of the wine bottle of the period. This one unscrews in the middle to reveal the grater and storage space for the nutmeg.
The cork turned in wood, at the top of the wine bottom lifts off.
These small antique nutmeg graters were carried around in pockets and used for grating nutmeg into mulled wine or punch. Nutmeg graters were a real status symbol. Around the middle of the 19th century the price of nutmeg began to drop and became more affordable.
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The tissues of the gums, tongue, or cheek lining are vulnerable to accidents like sports injuries, bites, or scalding liquids.
If you have an injury to the soft tissue of your mouth, you should:
- Rinse out your mouth with salt water
- Remove any visible debris
- Contain bleeding by pressing a clean, damp material to the area for about ten to 15 minutes
Injuries and infections of the soft tissue of the mouth may sometimes require immediate attention.
Seek immediate care when:
- you have a gum abscess, a pus-filled sac caused by infection
- You have something lodged in your gums that cannot be easily taken out, as it can cause infection
Seek emergency care if the bleeding doesn’t stop after ten to 15 minutes.
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The Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Prince of Wales has taken its place at the center of one of the world’s most powerful naval task forces at the start of the largest Arctic exercise in 30 years, GOV.UK explained.
HMS Prince of Wales, currently serving as the command ship for NATO, has sailed north to the North Pole for the 2022 Cold Response exercise, a month-long test of Allied forces in which 30,000 troops from around the world will work together in .27 countries.
The regular exercise, which takes place every two years and begins planning in December 2020, will include more than double the 14,000 individuals planned for Cold Response 2020 exercise.
Over the weekend, a task force of 25 ships from 11 countries gathered near Norway to begin training, including six Royal Navy ships and more than 2,000 British soldiers.
Defense Secretary Ben Wallace stated:
“The Arctic has become an area of increasing military competition and the security of the region has become directly linked to our national security.
The Cold Response exercise is a demonstration of NATO’s ability to operate and compete in one of the harshest environments in the world and a demonstration of how a multinational force can defend Europe’s northern flank.”
HMS Prince of Wales joined the Cold Response Task Force shortly after air defense exercises in the North Sea alongside four British F-35B Lightning aircraft from 617 Squadron, Dambusters, on Friday, March 11.
RAF aircraft took part in a combat air exercise, organized by two Royal Navy combat observers on HMS Prince of Wales in the skies of eastern UK and in the North Sea.
The F-35B engaged eight “aggressor” aircraft, which allowed it to hone tactics between ships and combat aircraft.
As HMS Prince of Wales continued its journey north of the Arctic, the RAF’s 207th Squadron flew two F-35Bs as the carrier sailed alongside USS Mount Whitney and USS The Sullivans.
The UK Strike Force Commander has embarked on HMS Prince of Wales and is responsible for commanding the NATO Naval High Readiness Force, an international task force formed to deal with major global events, and is being published for the first time in this post for Cold Answer.
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Nice surprise: the first look of NASA’s Insight spacecraft inside Mars reveals that the crust of the Red Planet looks like a three-layer cake
- The seismograph has recorded more than 480 earthquakes since April 2019
- Differences in how seismic waves move allow scientists to assess the crust size and composition
- They believe that the crust of Mars is about 23 miles thick, which is much thicker than the Earth’s crust
- Seismic activity has virtually stopped, with only four earthquakes since June
Data sent back to Earth from NASA’s InSight Lander indicates that the Martian crust consists of three layers, like a cake.
Installed near Mars’ equator, the super-sensitive seismometer, known as SEIS, has recorded hundreds of “swamps” in the past two years.
Every earthquake emits two sets of seismic waves, and analyzing the differences in how these waves move allowed researchers to begin calculating the size and composition of the planet’s crust, mantle and core.
“We have enough data to start answering some of these big questions,” said Bruce Banerdt, JPL scientist. nature.
The InSight mission launched in 2018, the first time scientists looked inside a planet other than Earth.
Scroll down for the video
Analysis of primary and secondary waves from hundreds of earthquakes indicates that the crust of the Red Planet consists of three cake-like layers
The Earth’s crust is divided into three rock sub-layers: metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary.
Scientists had assumed that the crust of Mars was similarly organized, but until now, they had no data to work with.
According to the report in Nature, it is possible that Mars only has two layers, but a three-layer crust matches the analysis of Martian meteorites.
By comparing the primary and secondary waves of swamps, they concluded that the thickness of the crust is about 23 miles on average, and approaching 42 at its maximum thickness.
NASA’s Insight lander arrived at Mars in 2018, but its Mull probe had difficulty drilling beneath the surface.
InSight’s ultra-sensitive seismometer, known as SEIS, recorded more than 480 earthquakes. When analyzing primary and secondary waves from these earthquakes, researchers believe that the crust of Mars is about 23 miles thick.
This is much thicker than land, as the Earth’s crust varies from about 3 miles under the oceans to 18 miles under the continents.
InSight (short for inner exploration using seismic investigations, geodesy, and thermal transfer) arrived on Mars in November 2018.
Its probe, called Mole, is designed to drill below the surface and measure the temperature of the planet – but unexpected properties in Martian soil have made progress difficult.
Other equipment on the probe is fully functional, thankfully – including a seismometer, provided by France’s space agency, the National Center for Space Studies.
Since April 2019, SEIS has recorded more than 480 earthquakes. Tremors are relatively mild, and are no more than 3.7 degrees.
“It’s a bit surprising that we haven’t seen a bigger event,” said seismologist Mark Banning of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Banning says it’s not yet clear if Mars is more stable than Earth or if Insight has descended during a quiet interval.
Earthquakes have been daily for some time, but came to a sudden halt in late June – around the same time as the planet entered its windiest season of the year.
The seismograph has a shield, but the winds could be so strong that they shake the ground and mask legitimate tremors.
Researchers hope that more large earthquakes will follow, giving deeper insight into the planet’s inner layers.
“Sometimes you get big flashes of amazing information, but most of the time you call out what nature tells you,” Banerdt said.
“It’s more like trying to follow a chain of disingenuous evidence than presenting us the answers in a nicely wrapped package.”
What are the three main INSIGHT tools?
Lander that could reveal how Earth formed: The InSight Lander set to land on Mars on November 26
Three main instruments will allow the InSight lander to “take the pulse” of the red planet:
Seismometer: The InSight Landing Vehicle is carrying a Seismometer, SEIS, who is listening to the pulse of Mars.
A seismometer records the waves that travel through the planet’s internal structure.
The study of seismic waves tells us what the source of the waves could be.
On Mars, scientists believe the culprits could be earthquakes or meteors hitting the surface.
Heat probe: The HP3 Heat Flow Probe digs deeper than any shovels, drills, or other probes on Mars before it.
It will look at how much heat is still flowing from Mars.
Radio antennas: Like Earth, Mars wobbles slightly as it orbits on its axis.
To study this, there are two radio antennas, part of the RISE instrument, which track the location of the probe very precisely.
This helps scientists test the planet’s reactions and tells them how the deep inner structure affects the movement of the planet around the sun.
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| 0.935252 | 1,114 | 3.5 | 4 |
When you flush something down the toilet, where does it go? Well, of course it goes into the sewer or septic system never to be heard from again. Good bye and good riddance, right? Only that’s not really the end of the line. The sewer lines connect to treatment facilities, and eventually find there way out back into the world. It all has to go someplace.
The single most important thing I learned in college this: “There’s no such thing as a free lunch, and everything goes somewhere.” The free lunch thing is no surprise to most people, we’ve heard it before. Even if you do score a free lunch, it cost you something in energy or resources to get there in order to consume it. Say, for example, that your best friend from back home bought you lunch one day. Think about what it took to get there – fuel to travel from wherever you were (or energy to burn if you walked), the time you spent not actually stuffing your face cost you, and so on. That lunch that didn’t cost you money out-of-pocket still used up some of your energy and resources. This is not a new idea. Now, take that idea and expand it a little into “everything costs something.” O.K. that’s a big expansion, but the premise is still the same.
After we get that free lunch, what happens to it? Some of the food is changed into energy to run our bodies, some is broken down into basic components which get put back into our bodies as new living tissue and cells, and some is passed through as waste material. Now that we’re thinking about the sewer again, let’s really follow it through. Waste material is broken down into smaller bits, but still the same substance. Bacteria and other decomposers then breakdown the waste material into more basic components, and the organic material gets passed back into the environment. But, in order to break down that waste material, decomposers must usually ingest it. They then draw energy and fresh raw materials for their own life functions, and then pass on waste. Which eventually gets passed into the water systems and usually finds its way back into another organism. Lather, rinse, repeat. I’m not trying to gross you out, just help you remember what you probably just forgot to think about today.
Every action taken does indeed have some kind of reaction, even outside of physics. “Everything goes somewhere, and there’s no such thing as a free lunch.”
If everything goes somewhere, then it probably came from somewhere as well. Back to that lunch, say a cheese burger with a soda and a side salad. Pretty basic stuff, found all over the western world. The raw ingredients came from the local supermarket, so that’s easy enough. Only nothing actually grows in the supermarket, right? So let’s look just at the beef for a moment. Backing from the restaurant, we had: a vehicle to transport the beef from somewhere, a shipping center to store the frozen pre-formed patties, vehicle, processing plant to turn beef into patties, vehicle, plant to butcher the cow, vehicle, stockyard, vehicle, farm. Plus the cow ate grass or grain. If the feed wasn’t growing straight out of the ground, more vehicles and more processing probably were needed. Lunch’s other ingredients include the cheese, bun, condiments, and a couple different veggies in the salad. If you really thought about it, you might be able to figure out where the stuff in the soda came from originally, but I’m not going attempt it.
So if everything comes from somewhere, goes somewhere, and costs something, what does that mean? It means that we as living beings are smack dab in the middle of a REALLY complex system. Choosing to visit your friend and eat that cheeseburger becomes more than just simple entertainment and caloric intake. It connects you to the larger world by bringing it inside your body. Those thing you bring into your body will become your body.
As consumers, we influence the market by our purchasing powers. Intelligent food choices can be difficult, but highly rewarding decisions. Organic produce ensures your food is free from harsh chemicals, and grown in an Earth-friendly or sustainable manner. Buying locally grown foods boosts the local economy, and just think of all those transportations costs and resources that get skipped! An even better option is regional “farmer’s markets” where you can buy local, often organic produce and flowers straight from the grower. What a fabulous way to connect to your neighbors and your food!
It may be hard to feel connected to the wide world when there are so many steps between your food and the soil it originally came from. Many people feel this connection by hunting or fishing, or even picking an apple or berry of the plant yourself. Try it sometime, even big cities have apple trees someplace. Knowing the source of your food is just one step in appreciating and nourishing your body. If the body is not properly nourished, the mind lags behind, health suffers, disease happens. Disease, or dis-ease could be thought of as simply the body’s way of letting you know that it is not in top working condition, perhaps due to a lack of some kind – energy, nutrient, sleep, water, etc. “A well nourished body doesn’t make mistakes.”
Take time to think about what you do to your body. It will love you and defend you and provide for you for your entire life. The only tools you give it are the air, water, and food you bring in. When high-quality raw materials are combined with healthy servings of respect and exercise the results are nothing short of miraculous.
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| 0.960277 | 1,219 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In general most people pay close attention to auto maintenance. Whether the concern is tires, brakes, transmission, or windshield status, people make sure that their cars do what they need them to do. People count on their cars to perform effectively. No one wants a surprise, especially in a critical situation. But in stark contrast, people often give much less consideration to their own physical functioning and capacity than they do to several critical performance factors related to their own automobiles.
The metaphor of machine upkeep standing in for health maintenance is commonplace but apt. To prove the point, most of us allow our physical conditioning to deteriorate far beyond that which we would ever tolerate relative to our cars or even our power lawnmowers. The immediate consequences of such neglect are the developed world epidemic in diabetes, the United States–based epidemic in obesity, and the ongoing high levels of cardiovascular disease worldwide.
What redress is required with respect to our physical health and welfare? As with our cars, the long view is needed. If we lease a new car every year, upkeep is not an issue beyond an oil and filter change or two. But if we want our car to continue to perform reliably for three, five, or ten years, regularly scheduled service is necessary. Our cars need check-ups every 12 months or so. As flesh-and-blood organisms, we require a similar schedule of maintenance.
Importantly, feeling fine is not necessarily a good guide to how we're doing from a health perspective. High blood pressure, for example, is known as the "silent killer." There are no fully recognizable signs and symptoms of hypertension, until it's too late.1 By the time a person has had a debilitating heart attack or stroke, high blood pressure has probably been in place for years. Similarly, the early symptoms and signs of diabetes are subtle and seemingly harmless. Fatigue and an inability to focus may be ignored or interpreted as mere symptoms of an overly stressed lifestyle. Frequent thirst and frequent urination might be conveniently explained away as side effects of poor eating habits. Again, serious damage may be done, possibly involving one's kidneys and one's vision, as a result of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes.2
The solution to helping prevent such potentially serious health problems is to make sure you have regular check-ups. Operating on the long view, rather than operating as the proverbial ostrich (with his head buried in the sand) or the proverbial grasshopper (who fiddled all day), we will have annual or biannual blood pressure readings and blood tests. Appropriate scheduling for such check-ups will be specific to the individual, based upon age, past medical history, and family history. The critical takeaway is to practice preventive health care based on the long view.3 Perform personal maintenance and service checks as needed.
1Kumar N, et al: Management of patients with resistant hypertension: current treatment options. Integr Blood Press Control 6:139-151, 20132
2Adebayo O, Willis GC: Changing Face of Diabetes in America. Emerg Med Clin North Am 32(2):319-327, 2014
3Lynch EB, et al: A self-management intervention for african americans with comorbid diabetes and hypertension: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Prev Chronic Dis 2014 May 29;11:E90. doi: 10.5888/pcd11.130349
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Illustrator CC Curvature Tool
Want to easily create curved paths in Illustrator CC 2014 without having to use the Pen tool? This course teaches you how to use the Curvature tool, a better alternative. You'll also learn how to use the Anchor Point tool to refine your curves.
What you'll learn
The Pen tool in Illustrator can create curves--but they often don't look smooth or polished. This course, Illustrator CC Curvature Tool, will show you how to use Illustrator CC 2014's Curvature tool (and others) to create beautiful curves in your artwork easier than ever before. First, you'll learn the basics of the Curvature tool: how to set your preferences for this tool and how to draw curves. You'll then move onto using the Anchor Point tool in order to refine your curves to make them look smoother. Finally, you'll learn some tricks and shortcuts with other tools such as the Reflect tool to end up with your final design: a curved frame with decorative flourishes. By the end of this course, you'll have a more in-depth knowledge of several Illustrator CC tools and you'll be able to create polished and flowing curved paths in your artwork.
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of New Zealand
Alpine Plants of New Zealand
ISBN 0 7900 0525 5
by kind permission of the author, Lawrie Metcalf and Reed Publishing
Publication or other use of images or descriptive
text on these pages is unauthorised unless written permission is
obtained from the author and publisher. Appropriate acknowledgement
of the publication Alpine Plants of New Zealand must always
- A large herb arising
from a strong taproot and forming single or multiple rosettes
of very sharp, spine-tipped leaves. The clumps may be up to 90
cm in diameter and 40-50 cm high.
- Leaves: Rigid,
divided into long and narrow segments, all pointing forwards and
outwards in all directions. Usually leaves are green or greyish-green
with prominent orange or reddish midribs.
Small, yellowish flowers are produced in dense clusters along
strong stems up to a metre or so tall. Long, narrow spines project
out from amongst the flowers to give the appearance of quite a
- North and South Islands
from Mount Hikurangi to mid Canterbury. Widespread in subalpine
to low-alpine areas. 900-1500 metres.
- Often prominent in
subalpine scrub, mixed snow tussock-scrub, herbfields and in grasslands.
Usually in moister situations.
This fierce-looking plant is particularly conspicuous at flowering
time when the bright orange flowering stems stand out from afar.
With all species of speargrass the male and female flowers are
on separate plants with the male usually being the more showy.
- Related species:
There are some 40 species of Aciphylla, most of which occur
in alpine regions. They range from quite small species no more
than a few centimetres tall to those up to 2 metres or more tall
- Other: Some
have thought the spiny nature of speargrasses to have been a protection
against the browsing activities of the now extinct moa, but in
view of the ease with which introduced animals such as sheep,
rabbits and hares browse on them the spines are unlikely to have
afforded much protection against browsing moa. A more likely explanation
is that the spiny nature of the plant is a response to habitat,
particularly as a means of moderating the effects of dessicating
Alpine Garden Links
Reproduced from Alpine Plants
of New Zealand:
Also see the article
by Raymond Mole on:
New Zealand Alpine Plants: A Challenge for
Zealand Alpine Garden Society
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There had been ferries across the turbulent Severn Estuary for centuries, but many preferred to travel via Gloucester rather than brave the ten troubled tides. By the 20th century, it became feasible to construct a road bridge, thus shortening the route between England and Wales considerably for road-users.
The first Severn Bridge was constructed in 1966, but by the 1980s it was becoming obvious that a second crossing was needed. In 1992 construction began on a bridge over the shortest and most treacherous section of the Severn Estuary, locally known as The Shoots. This area was well known for tidal streams that vary from 3 to 8 knots and a tidal range of 14.5m. Sailing through The Shoots in the days before powerful engines was especially dangerous, and called for very high level of seamanship. The area is fringed by rocks on each side of the river and known for tricky whirlpools. It was a hostile place to build, the company paid for two Met. Office staff during the period of the build so they had, in effect, their own weather station, and the decision was made to construct the sections on shore and convey them to their final positions to minimise the work done on and within the river. This approach required the conversion of several suitable large marine craft and appropriate special heavy lifting gear.
The design included a Cable Stayed Bridge over the navigable section, flanked by viaducts largely supported by the existing rocks. The sections of the bridge were constructed on shore and transported out to the river at low tide on crawler units across a specially built causeway to a purpose built barge. At high tide the barge transferred the sections to a fixed crane barge in the river (Lisa A) which lifted them into position when the tide receded. The whole operation of placing the sections of the bridge was guided by a sophisticated computer-operated satellite positioning system. The Lisa A was then floated to the next location and the operation repeated. The project, led by John Laing plc and GTM Entrepose, opened in June 1996, after a memorable fancy dress charity walk from the Welsh and English sides of the river!Contributed by Dee Halliday, Bristol Channel member of the OGA
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| 0.979401 | 458 | 3.125 | 3 |
The Squamish Nation is proposing to officially change the name of Mount Garibaldi to its traditional Indigenous name, Nch’ḵay̓.
Councillor Wilson Williams says it had submitted an official request to the B.C. Geographical Names Office months ago to rename Mount Garibaldi to Nch’ḵay̓, which means “grimy one” in the Squamish language.
“This is important to us,” said Wiliams. “It’s being able to tell the history of the land itself… and how our people are connected.”
Story has it the mountain got its official name after an Italian sailor spotted the peak jutting out more than 2,600 metres on the Pacific Ranges between Squamish and Whistler on the birthday of Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi and named the peak after his hometown hero.
The name, whatever its origins, was officially conferred by a Captain Richards of the survey ship HMS Plumper around 1860, says the B.C. Geographical Names Office.
Garibaldi has also lent his name to other geographical features in B.C., including Garibaldi provincial park and Garibaldi Lake, north of Squamish.
For the Squamish people, the mountain has always been known as Nch’ḵay̓ and is considered sacred territory, said Williams.
The name means “dirty place” or “grimy one” in the Squamish language, referencing the volcanic ash that drifts from the mountain down the Cheekye river that turns the water murky.
It also references a legend about how the mountain saved the Squamish people from a great flood.
When the waters rose, the Squamish people gathered at the peak of Nch’ḵay̓ and tethered their canoes and essentials to the mountain using cedar rope to make sure they didn’t get swept away, said Williams. “It’s the legend of our survival and the people’s connection to it.”
The geographical names office’s policy before any naming decision is “to ascertain if there are other known traditional names for this feature… (and) that the proposed name reflects the heritage values in the area,” wrote provincial toponymist Trent Thomas in a letter submitted last month to the District of Squamish seeking their input.
It is unlikely Garibaldi ever visited B.C., he added. If an official name change is approved, online records will always include the history of all previous official names.
The office is requesting a response by the end of the year. The issue is expected to be discussed in a Squamish council meeting Tuesday.
Copyright Postmedia Network Inc., 2023
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| 0.946491 | 591 | 3.03125 | 3 |
In the rush to build, Hong Kong must keep cool
Florence Lee says Hong Kong must reconsider its push to pack ever more flats into already dense urban areas, as the costs to health and the environment may outweigh the benefits
The government is planning to increase the plot ratio by 20 per cent or more in some densely populated areas such as Kai Tak and Tun Mun East to boost housing supply.
Earlier this year, Secretary for Development Paul Chan Mo-po said raising the plot ratio for several sites at Kai Tak would provide an additional 6,850 flats and raise the population capacity by 20,000 to more than 110,000. He also mentioned maximising the development density of the Tuen Mun East land plot, allowing for 8,000 new homes - or eight times the original plan.
These numbers and statistics seem positive. However, as with any large urban planning project, they also hide some complex realities and negative consequences. Such initiatives need more scrutiny and environmental assessment.
As a small city with an already high population density, any expansion plan will need to be thoroughly evaluated. What will the effect be on quality of life if building density and height increases substantially? Will there be adverse environmental and climatic effects? More importantly, what are the implications of a higher, denser Hong Kong for future generations' health and livelihoods?
Arguably, the biggest environmental impact of increasing plot ratios will be a bigger temperature difference between urban and rural areas - the "urban heat island" effect. It is not surprising to learn that Hong Kong's high-rise buildings already cause the city centre to heat up dramatically. High-resolution thermal satellite images from 2007 showed that our urban areas are up to 7 degrees Celsius warmer than open land - and it is getting worse. Scientists fear the difference could be as much as 10 degrees by 2050.
This temperature variation has many adverse health and environmental effects. First, retained heat worsens the air quality of the surrounding environment. In areas with lower building densities, heat and exhaust fumes are released into the surrounding air and rise up above the cooler, heavier air on the ground. As air moves upwards, pollutants and dust are lifted up.
With more tightly packed buildings and urban heat, the ability of pollutants to rise and disperse was reduced, according to a report by non-governmental organisation Green Power. Many air-cooling facilities are installed on rooftops, causing a temperature inversion with higher temperatures at the top. Pollutants released from below cannot disperse upwards and air pollution is intensified.
Second, higher temperatures and sunshine combine with air pollutants to produce ozone and secondary pollutants. This creates city smog, which is trapped between densely spaced buildings.
Third, rising urban temperatures also leads to increased energy consumption. It is estimated that 3 per cent to 8 per cent of Hong Kong's electricity consumption is used to combat the urban heat island effect - with air conditioning, for instance. Further, it is estimated that a 3-degree rise in temperature can increase electricity consumption by 30 per cent for residential consumers and 10 per cent for commercial consumers. This higher energy use will impose an economic cost and affect the environment. Lastly, higher plot ratios and more urban heating will harm people's health. In the hot summer months, high temperatures reduce workers' efficiency and increase the chance of heatstroke for those working outdoors. High temperatures can severely affect the elderly and those suffering from chronic illness. Higher temperatures can also facilitate the spread of infectious diseases. Studies have shown that for every 1-degree rise, the risks of dengue fever and malaria increase by 1.2 per cent and 6.7 per cent respectively.
By building on less densely populated areas such as Ta Kwu Ling and Kai Tak, Hong Kong would increase the size of its "heat island". Green Power estimates that the urban heat island effect results in a 3-degree rise on average for every kilometre towards the urban centre. Thus, for every kilometre the city grows outwards, the temperature in the city will increase by about 3 degrees.
If we consider the Wan Chai and Central reclamation, plus the proposed plot ratio increases, this can only mean significantly higher temperatures in the heart of the city. Old districts will heat up even more. This, in turn, will affect the health, safety and livelihoods of people. All this can only have a detrimental effect on Hong Kong's reputation as a clean and attractive world city. If the city wants to expand and keep its competitive edge, it has to do so sustainably and healthily.
From the perspective of both the urban developer and informed citizen, there is a need to reconsider whether high-density residential areas are conducive to quality living. Of course, to retain Hong Kong's competitiveness, it will be necessary to constantly improve the urban environment. But, rather than pushing a narrow, singular vision to increase the number of apartments by maximising land density, the chief executive needs to commit to a broader and more holistic picture of long-term development that enhances, rather than degrades, the quality of living.
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https://www.scmp.com/comment/article/1486872/rush-build-hong-kong-must-keep-cool
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Your ears don't just help you hear. In fact, they work together with other systems in your body to help you understand your place in space. If you have a steady sense of balance, you might not have a problem understanding where you are, how to stay upright, and how to keep yourself from falling. However, your eyes and brain aren't the only organs involved in this process.
Many of those that have trouble with their balance find that the problem lies in their ears. Ear balance disorders can make you feel unsteady, wobbly, or constantly moving. These sensations of vertigo can seriously impact your ability to walk, stand upright, and even sit up. Before we touch on balance disorders and how they're treated, it's important to understand the ears' role in balance.
How Do We Balance Ourselves?
Our balance system relies on the labyrinth, a maze of bone and tissue located in the inner ear. It holds the semicircular canals, the otolithic organs, and the cochlea. While the cochlea is used for hearing, the canals are used for balance. These look like three circular loops, and each is responsible for sensing a different type of movement. One senses up/down, another senses side-to-side, and the last senses tilt. When the fluid within these tubes move, the hair cells sense the movement and transmit it to our brain. This allows us to understand how we are moving through space. Our balance system is so sensitive that it even tells us when we are moving within a vehicle or elevator.
Problems with the inner ear can lead to balance problems, dizziness, vertigo, and even nausea. We might feel that we are moving when we're not, struggle to stay upright or get motion sickness from standing still. These are all serious issues that can impact our ability to move around and sit up. People with severe vertigo might even feel sick while laying down.
Quite a few things can lead to balance problems, but it's a lesser-known fact that hearing loss can cause balance disorders. Our ears are involved in more than just hearing, and the presence of the semicircular canals in our ears can lead to balance problems in people suffering from hearing loss.
Does Hearing Loss Cause Balance Issues?
Though some of these conditions are tied together, hearing loss and balance problems do not always occur together. Not all people who suffer from balance disorders suffer from hearing loss, and not all people with hearing loss experience a noticeable loss of balance. However, they do occur in tandem from time to time.
Both Labyrinthitis and Meniere's disease can result in hearing loss and balance problems.
Labyrinthitis is an infection of the inner ear. It occurs when the labyrinth, a structure within your inner ear, becomes swollen and inflamed. This can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, feelings of vertigo, and nausea. This condition is also known as vestibular neuronitis, but the difference is that vestibular neuronitis does not involve hearing loss. Most people do not experience a loss of hearing when suffering from an inner ear infection, but it is possible. That is when the condition becomes Labyrinthitis. Most cases of these conditions can be treated and cured, but severe infections can lead to lasting damage.
Meniere's disease, formerly known as Endolymphatic Hydrops, is a heightened pressure within the labyrinth. This can cause hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Usually, Meniere's only affects one side, though bilateral cases have been reported. There is no cure for Meniere's disease, though medication can be used to manage it. Those suffering from Meniere's usually feel the pressure building before an episode of the condition. After a few years, the condition can go away naturally.
What Are Balance Disorders?
Balance disorders are any condition that leads to a loss of balance or sense of vertigo/dizziness. These might be caused by simple things such as ear infections or low blood pressure, or a more serious issue like tumors or improper blood circulation. Regardless of what causes a balance disorder, it can lead to serious problems. A person with balance problems might feel like they're tipping over, spinning, or floating, even when they're standing still. Some people with balance disorders report experiencing vertigo when they turn their head, especially when getting out of bed or rolling over. They might stumble from time to time, hold walls to center themselves, or find themselves dragged to the ground. The severity of balance disorders can vary from person to person, and the cause of your balance problems can determine how bad they will be.
Common causes of balance disorders are:
- Positional vertigo, or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A harmless condition caused by age or a head injury. It causes vertigo when loose otoconia, or bio-crystals, tumble around in your semicircular canals.
- Labyrinthitis. Explained above.
- Vestibular neuronitis. Labyrinthitis without hearing loss.
- Mal de Debarquement syndrome (MdDS). A leftover sensation from prolonged movement. Many people experience this after extended periods in the ocean or on a boat. You might feel like you're still at sea, bobbing and swaying. Some people even experience this after long runs on a treadmill.
- Meniere's disease. Explained above.
- Perilymph fistula. This occurs when fluid from the inner ear leaks into the middle ear. This can occur at birth, after head injuries or surgery, during infections, or after scuba diving.
Balance Disorder Treatment
The treatment of balance disorders largely depends on the cause of your condition. Infections can be treated with antibiotics, while illnesses like Meniere's disease require other medications. Many people with permanent or untreatable balance problems seek out ear balance disorder exercises. These exercises are known as Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy, or VRT.
These exercises help desensitize their balance system to certain movements, making it easier for the person to move around without triggering their vertigo. While it might not completely solve the problem, it can prevent falls and make vertigo easier to live with. Many people who receive VRT have fewer problems bending over, turning their head, and walking over patterned floors.
These exercises must be performed properly to have any positive effect. A VRT specialist can help you learn more and guide you through the exercises. It's important to do these exercises in the presence of a counselor. They will keep you from falling if you become overwhelmed and challenge you when the exercises become too easy.
If this article helped you gain a better understanding of your hearing and sense of balance, you might be interested in learning more about your ears. Signia regularly publishes articles relating to hearing loss, audiology, and how to better care for your ears.
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Features and considerations
Security can be incorporated into the building design without being overly intrusive.
An appropriate level of security is required in all public libraries to ensure the safety of staff, users, the building and the collection. Good security can be designed into the library from the outset through clear sightlines, good positioning of the service desk and the avoidance of blind spots. Electronic surveillance, although often necessary, can become intrusive and can affect the friendliness of the library.
Surveillance cameras and distress alarms should be considered where:
- the library is used for customer service activities such as rates payments or other uses involving the handling of money
- a lone staff person operates a facility
- where staff and consultants agree that additional security should be provided.
Libraries may suffer vandalism and damage. To counter the possibility of vandalism, the following precautions can be taken:
- design the building so that there are no concealed corners with windows (particularly louvres or sliding windows) which can be broken or forced
- provide night security lighting
- provide alarms connected to any windows or doors that can be forced
- locate the library in an area where there is good passive surveillance from adjoining land uses (e.g. residents, business owners) and passing pedestrian and vehicular traffic
- reduce the amount of blank wall space, as it is attractive for graffiti, and/or use building materials which are difficult to graffiti
- consider building materials which can easily be cleaned, repainted or replaced.
Exits from the library must be limited and controlled to avoid illegal removal of library materials. Any necessary fire exits must be designed so that they cannot be used other than for the designated purpose. Similarly, the exterior of the building should be designed with clear lines of sight around the building, appropriate light levels and designed to avoid blind spots.
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is the use of effective design strategies to improve the safety and quality of urban environments. The aim of CPTED is to reduce opportunities for crime, create safe environments and increase the amenity, attractiveness and safety of cities and towns. The NSW Government’s CPTED Unit provides advice and training on matters relating to CPTED.
The CPTED guidelines are used to assess the appropriateness of proposed developments to provide a safe, crime-free environment. The guidelines were prepared in conjunction with the NSW Police.
The guidelines are in two parts: Safer by Design Evaluation and CPTED Principles and strategies. Further information can be found on the NSW Police website.
The guidelines have adopted the following design principles:
Areas that are well-maintained have a feeling of “ownership” and are well-used, which reduces opportunities for criminal activity. Public areas, and private areas within public spaces, need to clearly define their intended use and encourage community activity.
Natural and technical surveillance are important and focus on ensuring that people can see what other people are doing. There needs to be clear sightlines in public areas and from private to public areas. Effective lighting of public places and landscaping is required to prevent areas for people to hide or entrap victims. Private areas need to have well-defined, well-lit entries with incorporated safety provisions. Electronic surveillance can be used as a deterrent. It is particularly effective where cameras are visible, for broader surveillance where natural surveillance cannot be achieved and is useful as an evidence tool used by police.
Public places need to be clear in their definition of where people can and cannot go and to define private property boundaries. The use of physical barriers (fencing, walls and locked doors) and symbolic barriers (landscaping and changes in level) are important in access control. This is equally important for primary and ancillary areas (car park, garbage collection area and storage areas).
Areas need to be attractive and well-maintained with regular removal of waste, mowing, removal of graffiti, repair of vandalism and refurbishment of old equipment and furniture. It is recommended that these design principles be applied as part of the planning process for the proposed library site.
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While most of the attention on the impacts of fracking has focused on things like drinking water, air pollution and earthquakes, state regulators in Pennsylvania are working on another less-discussed, but no less serious, side effect of oil and gas development: forest fragmentation.
That’s what happens when things like well pads, roads, and pipelines crisscross the landscape carving up large swaths of forest into smaller pieces. As Marie Cusick of WITF in Harrisburg reports, foresters are trying to help gas companies figure out the best ways to clean up after themselves.
Bracing for a boom in deep-well fracking, state lawmakers revised Kentucky’s regulations on oil and gas production in March.
Environmentalists and landowners will now get to express their views about the regulatory revisions in a trio of public meetings across the commonwealth, beginning tonight in Madisonville.
A joint ordinance that would regulate fracking in Newtown Township, Upper Makefield and Wrightstown will be voted on soon by the supervisors in all three townships, according to an attorney who helped draft the ordinance.
Matt McHugh, of Grim, Biehn and Thatcher in Perkasie, said the ordinance will likely be voted on by all three governing bodies in the next month or two.
Some opponents of Keystone Sanitary Landfill’s expansion plan are uneasy the facility can accept sand that is a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing, even as the landfill has not accepted any of it and some industry experts say the byproduct is not dangerous.
Drillers pump water, additives and sand into the Marcellus Shale to extract natural gas. The sand holds underground voids open, but some of it escapes with the water and must be disposed.
The technique itself is nothing new. Oil crews across the world have been schooled on its simple principles for generations: Identify aging, low-output wells and hit them with a blast of sand and water to bolster the flow of crude. The idea originated somewhere in the plains of the American Midwest, back in the 1950s.
But as today’s engineers start applying the procedure to the horizontal wells that went up during the fracking boom that swept across U.S. shale fields over the past decade, something more powerful, more financially rewarding is happening.
Officials on Sunday issued an advisory against activity in Culton Creek after biologists found dead fish in the wake of Thursday’s CSX train derailment.
The advisory came down from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, and officials from Blount County, Alcoa and Maryville governments.
In an effort to improve the safety of transporting Bakken crude by rail and pipelines, Congress has allocated $246 million to the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA).
As reported by the Williston Herald, last week Sen. John Hoeven (R-N.D.) announced the funding made possible by the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development bill. In a statement, he said, “This legislation provides critical funding that will enhance oil pipeline and rail shipment safety, which will help prevent accidents in the first place and mitigate their impacts if they do occur.”
It’s been two years since a runaway oil train derailed in Lac-Megantic, Quebec, and exploded. The resulting inferno killed 47 people and incinerated the center of the town.
What wasn’t known then was that the crude oil the train carried from the Bakken field of North Dakota was far more flammable than most crude.
Police arrested four Bay Area activists Monday morning after they suspended themselves from the Benicia-Martinez railroad bridge to hang a banner protesting oil trains, the California Highway Patrol said.
About 7:50 a.m., some of the activists suspended themselves from the bridge with cords as they tried to display a banner that read, “Stop Oil Trains Now: Are You in the Blast-Zone.org.”
A week of direct actions across Canada and the U.S. to stop so-called “bomb trains” began on Monday, the two-year anniversary of the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster, when an unmanned train with 72 tankers carrying 30,000 gallons of crude oil careened into a small town in the Canadian province of Quebec, where it derailed, exploded, and killed 47 people.
Decontamination work continues to this day at the crash site, but was suspended at noon for a moment of silence. Later in the day, church bells will ring out 47 times at Lac-Mégantic’s St. Agnes Church.
“It’s corporate greed versus the common good, whether it’s rail safety or climate change.”
Those were the words of Lowen Berman, a Portland activist involved in a blockade of oil train tracks to mark the second anniversary of the Lac-Megantic oil train disaster.
Berman and 60 other activists protested in Portland today as part of a national Oil Train Week of Protests led by 350.org and ForestEthics.
More than $280bn (£180bn) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects being planned over the next decade risk becoming “stranded” if global action is taken to limit climate change to 2C, according to a report by the thinktank Carbon Tracker.
LNG projects allow gas to be compressed into tankers and sold around the world, making it key to hopes in the US, Canada and Australia of fully exploiting their gas reserves.
Oil company BP agreed on July 2 to pay US$18.7 billion to settle civil lawsuits over the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. An estimated 3.19 million barrels of oil poured into the Gulf during the months-long crisis, the largest marine spill in US history.
The payment will add to $14 billion that BP said it had already paid in claims, advances and settlements related to the spill.
The administrator running the BP oil spill settlement says more than $5.2 billion has been paid to individuals and businesses harmed by the disaster. The majority of those payments have gone to compensate businesses and the Gulf of Mexico seafood industry.
Claims administrator Patrick Juneau provided details on settlement payments in a June 30 report, part of an ongoing series of reports filed with the federal court as checks continue to go out.
St. Tammany Parish leaders met Monday night in a special meeting to discuss the recent BP oil spill settlement.
In St. Tammany in 2010, tar balls washed into Lake Pontchartrain three months after the Deepwater Horizon explosion and subsequent oil spill.
U.S. Rep. Bradley Byrne, R-Fairhope, ripped into state lawmakers on Monday for not earmarking more money to his district from the multi-billion-dollar settlement Alabama and other Gulf states agreed to with BP for the 2010 oil spill.
Federal legislation was created with the intent that recovery dollars paid by BP would flow into local communities so local officials would make the decision on where the money would go, Byrne said. But the congressman said only 25 percent of the $2.3 billion awarded to Alabama from the oil spill is allocated for Gulf communities in the state. He added that local officials weren’t consulted before Alabama agreed to the settlement.
Spotting dark, gooey and flammable tar on the beach — remnants from an oil spill in Southern California in May — just got a lot easier, thanks to NASA.
The agency recently captured a light-sensitive image of tar-seeped sand and water in Santa Barbara to help officials study and respond to the spill.
This past weekend, citizens from across Canada gathered in Ontario to voice their support for moving beyond the tar sands industry to a clean energy future. Over 10,000 people marched in Toronto in support of Jobs, Justice, and the Climate. The march became the most diverse climate mobilization ever in Canada, drawing Indigenous communities, unions, students, celebrities, social justice organizations, and environmental leaders. The marchers called on political leaders to move Canada toward a clean energy economy, which would alleviate the environmental destruction faced by Indigenous communities and countless others and also create a strong new basis for Canada’s economic growth.
On Thursday, July 3, on the eve of a long Fourth of July holiday weekend, Canadian pipeline giant Enbridge landed a sweetheart deal: a provision in the 2015 Wisconsin budget that will serve to expedite permitting for its controversial proposed Line 61 tar sands pipeline expansion project.
Line 61 cuts diagonally across Wisconsin and goes into north-central Illinois, beginning in Superior, Wisconsin and terminating in Flanagan, Illinois. The Wisconsin Gazette refers to the pipeline as the “XXL” pipeline because it is bigger in size and has higher carrying capacity than the better-known tar sands pipeline cousin, TransCanada’s Keystone XL, and is “buried beneath every major waterway” in the state.
South Dakota residents were split Monday over the merits of allowing the Keystone XL oil pipeline through the state, with some telling regulators the project would be an economic engine but others calling it a grave threat to the environment.
More than 50 people offered their opinions on the state’s portion of the pipeline during the three-hour South Dakota Public Utilities Commission session. The commission will make its decision after holding a final evidentiary hearing starting in late July.
The South Dakota Public Utilities Commission approved a permit for TransCanada to build the Keystone XL pipeline in the state back in June of 2010.
They had four years to begin construction, but the pipeline has since been vetoed by the President and the Senate has failed to override that veto.
The US is lagging far behind other nations, especially Russia, when it comes to planning for the Arctic region as ice melts.
“We’re not even in the same league as Russia right now,” Newsweek quotes Coast Guard Commandant Paul F. Zukunft as saying. “We’re not playing in this game at all.”
Austria launched legal action on Monday against the European Commission over its backing of British plans for the 16 billion pound ($24.9 billion) development of the Hinkley Point nuclear power plant, Chancellor Werner Faymann said.
The project, to be built by French utility EDF at Hinkley Point in southwest England, is crucial for Britain’s plan to replace a fifth of its aging nuclear power and coal plants over the coming decade while reducing carbon emissions.
For the first time since Japan established stricter nuclear safety criteria following the Fukushima accident, the operator of Sendai nuclear plant began to refuel its reactor 1, scheduled for reactivation in August.
According to a spokesperson of Kyushu Electric Power, the operator of the plant, loading of all the 157 fuel rod bundles of the reactor have begun and would take four days to complete. This is the first nuclear plant to reactivate after Fukushima, Efe news agency reported.
One this day, 53 years ago, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory detonated a thermonuclear device 194 meters below the Nevada desert. Why? Well, the government at the time thought blowing up a nuclear bomb underground sounded like a good idea if you want to excavate a mine. It’s a lot quicker than drilling with a lot machines. After all, mines are made using thousands of tonnes of dynamite. Why not take a shortcut and nuke the damn thing. The problem, of course is radiation. But how can you have people work in a mine if it’s contaminated with radiation, right? The logic escapes me as well.
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China and Russia to build lunar space station
China and Russia have announced plans to build a lunar space station.
Russian space agency Roscosmos says it has signed an agreement with China’s National Space Administration to develop research facilities on the surface of the moon, in orbit or both.
A statement from both countries’ space agencies says it will be available for use by other nations.
It comes as Russia prepares to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its first-ever manned space flight.
The International Scientific Lunar Station will carry out a wide range of scientific research including exploration and utilisation of the moon, a statement from both agencies said.
“China and Russia will use their accumulated experience in space science, research and development and use of space equipment and space technology to jointly develop a road map for the construction of an international lunar scientific research station,” the statement (in Mandarin) said.
It added that both Russia and China will collaborate in the planning, design, development and operation of the research station.
Chen Lan, an analyst who specialises in China’s space programme, told AFP news agency that the project was a “big deal”.
“This will be the largest international space cooperation project for China, so it’s significant,” he said.
China is a relatively late bloomer when it comes to the world of space exploration but last December its Chang’e-5 probe successfully brought back rock and “soil” it picked up from the moon. At the time it was seen as another demonstration of the country’s increasing capability in space.
Russia, which pioneered space exploration, has been eclipsed by China and the United States in recent years. Last year it lost its monopoly on taking astronauts to the International Space station following SpaceX’s successful launch.
The US has announced plans to return to the moon by 2024. The programme, called Artemis, will see a man and woman step on the lunar surface in what would be the first landing with humans since 1972.
News source: BBC News
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All thy garments smell of Myrrh, Sandalwood and Cassia out of the Ivory palaces whereby they have made thee glad”. Psalm 45:7
“Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart.” Proverbs 27:9
Why would the Bible suggest that a physical substance (like an oil) be associate with an emotional state? Because only essential oils have mood altering abilities.
Our noses are directly wired into the brain. We can think and reason unemotionally when we touch, taste, see & hear. These 4 senses do not directly stimulate our emotions. The nose is different! The sense of smell stimulates emotion first and to the rational brain second. The olfactory nerves connect to the center of the brain which is the coordinator of our emotions. This region is the LIMBIC SYSTEM. This system includes: thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, fornix, pineal gland, and pituitary gland. This is the “Central Brain”. It includes the neural cortex and endocrine glands as well. It functions both electrically and chemically (Hormones) The EMOTIONAL brain secretes hormones while the INTELLECTUAL brain does NOT. The emotional brain does NOT respond to words that are read, spoken, heard. It DOES respond to SMELLS.
The central brain is a librarian and our body is the library. Whenever we experience an emotion that we are unable to process (or choose NOT to process) the central brain takes it and files it somewhere in the body. It may be hidden in the intestines, the lungs, the thyroid, etc. In order to recall the and access that memory, the emotional brain has to locate it where it was filed in the body.
We store both painful and pleasant memories. Emotions that we have faced, accepted and dealt with are stored as intellectual memories. These emotions have been resolved and we have grown from the experience. Emotions that have NOT been faced, accepted or dealt with are stored as repressed emotional energy. Waiting for a future time when we can deal with them. Repressed emotions are just “unfinished business”. They are lessons unlearned. These emotions are stored in our body in places of which our conscious mind is NOT aware. However, they will keep reminding us of their existence in a variety of ways. They can cause pain, illness, disease, and malfunctions on many levels. (Physical, mental, social, emotional, & spiritual)
Essential Oils touch our emotions in ways that cannot reach them by other means. Oils can assist in releasing such blocks to our health and happiness. Various oils in the bible have been used to bring joy to the heart, relieve stresses, brought peace and calmness, clarify their thinking, and uplift their spiritual awareness/prayers/worship.
Psalms 45:7 suggests that among the oils of “JOY” were Myrrh, Sandalwood, Cassia. Mint is considered an oil of “gladness”. The “Holy Incense” containing Galbanum, Frankincense and Onycha. Many of the oils used in biblical times were MOOD ELEVATING.
The Essential Oil- JOY is a blend of oils that contain several uplifting oils. This blend contains: Rose, Jasmine, Roman, Chamomile, *Bergamot, *Mandarin, *Lemon, *Ylang Ylang, *Geranium, & *Palmarosa. (*indicates they are NOT mentioned in the bible) Rose oil has the highest frequency at 320MHz.
Anoint yourself with a Biblical based “JOYFUL BLEND”. Combine 1-2 drops of each: JOY, EXODUS II and Cedarwood in your palm. Rub clockwise 3-4 times and inhale. Do 4 square breathing. Rub the oil over the heart. The emotions of happiness and joy are elevating to the immune system which will aid in preventing illness.
**Information is from the book: Healing Oils Of The Bible by Dr. David Stewart
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Halloween is Coming! It’s the season again let get funky and prepare for the real day. October 31st is the date celebration, has the date is fast approaching everyone that loves Halloween celebration are now set, getting their costume ready, children are carving pumpkins and ready for trick or treating.
The party may look different this year as the world is recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic. At least there are no lockdown restrictions this year 2021 then they will be Halloween parties. While the celebration is fun to many but what’s really the history behind the Halloween celebration. Continue to read on.
Halloween Is Coming
Halloween is coming this year on October 31st and this year 2021 it falls on a Sunday. This date is largely celebrated in the UK and US and many other countries but also many other countries do not care about such celebration. Why then do people celebrate it and what’s the history of it?
It is the ancient Celtic Festive celebration of Samhain or the feast of the Dead. Also, it is a feast to bring the harvest season to an end and welcome the winter season or the ‘Darker half’ of the yea4. This season starts halfway between the autumn equinox and the winter solstice. The season by the ancients Celtics is a belief that ghosts returned to life on Halloween day.
This was originally a pagan festival so, to ward them away from the evil spirits and ghosts, humans need to make a huge bonfire at places they would gather to burn crops, sacrifice animals and wear costumes for the event.
However, Pope Gregory III declared November 1 a day to honour saints and Martyrs in the eighth century. This was to ‘All Saints’ Day incorporated some of the Samhain traditions to create peace with the Pagans. Samhain was renamed All Hallows’ Eve, this gradually evolved to a Halloween celebration until today.
Halloween In America
The celebration was the practice in Colonial New England based on their rigid Protestant belief system. And it was more practice in Maryland and the southern colonies.
However, when American Indians meshed with different beliefs and customs among the European ethnic groups a different American version of Halloween emerged.
The first one was the Party celebration where people throw parties publicly to celebrate the harvest. People will gather to tell stories of the dead, and telling of fortunes, sing and dance. Also, telling of ghost stories and mischief-making of all kinds.
By the half of the 19th century, annual autumn festivals were common, but Halloween was not yet celebrated till the second half of the 19th century. When new immigrants especially the Irish fleeing from the Irish Potato Famine, helped to popularize the celebration of Halloween.
Halloween Trick – or Treating
This is seen during the celebration people are dressed in costume going from house to house for food or money. This eventually becomes a tradition during the Halloween celebration, people can play tricks on one another, family and friends do this during the Halloween party.
Today has reported by History.com, Americans spend an estimated $6 million annually on the Halloween celebrations, this has become the country’s second-biggest commercial holiday after Christmas.
Today Halloween movies have to be on the history of Box Office hits. The Classic Halloween movie includes the “Halloween” franchise, based on a 1978 original film directed by John Carpenter. The movie had Donald Pleasance, Jamie Lee Curtis, Tony Moran and Nick Castle. And there are more new ones emerging in the entertainment industry.
A direct sequel to the original “Halloween” was released in 2018, starring Jamie Lee Curtis and Nick Castle. Others include It’s the Great Pumpkin, Hocus Pocus, Nightmare Before Christmas, Beetlejuice. Read more on Halloween is coming at https://www.history.com/topics/halliween/history-of-halloween
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Lucy Virgin-Downs Grave, Salt Kettle Memorial, and Highway Marker
Gazebo housing the salt kettle under which a young Lucy Downs hid herself during an attack from Native Americans. The salt kettle itself looks like a rather large iron bowl, aged by rust and patina. Photo Courtesy: Linda Wellman
Historical marker indicating the location of Lucy Virgin Down's grave. This historical marker was paid for by a descendant of Lucy's, Mrs. Jennie Scott-Osenton, in 1963. Photo Courtesy: Linda Wellman
Newest headstone indicating the grave of Lucy Virgin Downs. Photo Courtesy: Linda Wellman
Oldtown Christian Church, home of Oldtown Cemetery and the salt kettle memorial.
Lucy's former headstone.
Grave of Rezin Virgin, a former participant in Revolutionary War and brother of Lucy. His is one of many other graves that can be found within the cemetery.
Grave of John W. Howe, another Revolutionary War participant. Photo
Backstory and Context
The Virgin family arrived on the shores of North America in 1623, settling on the coast of Maryland in the Pawtuxet River area. They were given 50 acres of land for each person in their family, remaining there until 1760 when descendent, Jeremiah Virgin, sold the land and began moving his family west. At the time their household consisted of Jeremiah, his wife Lucy Dickerson and their children, Rezin, Brice, John, Thomas, Eleanor, and Clara. Together, they followed the Braddock trail across Maryland, Virginia and up to the Fort Pitt area.
Lucy Virgin - later Lucy Virgin-Downs - was born after their travels on September 17, 1769, in Beestown. At the time Beestown was what we now call Fayette County, Pennsylvania. While the legitimacy of Lucy's claim had been contested at first, because this part of Pennsylvania is west of the upper reaches of the Allegheny Mountains, it has been confirmed that she was indeed the first child born of European descent in the region.
The Virgin family continued to live in the Fort Pitt area from 1769 until starting down the Ohio River on a flatboat in 1790. It was during this fateful trip that Lucy was forced to conceal herself in the salt kettle while her family was attacked by Native Americans. In an interview with a subscriber of the Cincinnati Gist's Advertiser on June 18, 1845, Lucy claims to remember being partially hidden beneath the salt kettle and hearing the arrows pinging off the metal. Initially, the kettle passed to her eldest brother Rezin around 1792 and wasn't reunited with Lucy until 1810.
Since then, the kettle has passed down from family member to family member, ultimately ending up in the hands of Jim Downs who would then entrust it to Kathleen Virgin-Kenney in remembrance of the Virgin-Downs family. A gazebo was erected behind the grave of Lucy Virgin-Downs, located in Oldtown Cemetery, where visitors can now go to see the salt kettle displayed.
As for the historical highway marker that rests 1,000 feet west of Lucy's grave, it was also kindly paid for by another descendant of the Virgin-Down's family. Jennie Scott-Osenton, the great-great-granddaughter, of Lucy Virgin-Downs provided $3000 in her will for the erection of the marker as well as improvements to be made to the Oldtown Christian Church and Cemetery in 1963. George M. Chinn, then secretary-treasurer of the Kentucky Historical Society, verified the veracity of the claims of Lucy's status as the first child born west of the Alleghenies before allowing the marker to be made.
Wellman, L. (2017, September 7). Personal interview.
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The summer contained some of the hottest days recorded worldwide, and this fall has so far featured temperatures that are even more abnormal. According to data by the Japan Meteorological Agency obtained by The Washington Post, the global average temperature surpassed the September record by 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit. Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist for Stripe, called the measurements “absolutely gobsmackingly bananas.” Researchers claim that the severe heat is the result of human-driven climate change due to actions such as burning fossil fuels and El Niño, a warming climate trend that is believed to reach its maximum in the winter. Studies show that the world is significantly hotter than the previous major El Niño in 2015 and 2016, giving rise to extreme weather phenomena like the floods in Libya caused by Storm Daniel last month. According to Axios, El Niño’s effects work on a delay, so 2024 may be even warmer.
TOP 10 RIGHT NOW
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100 Ideas That Changed Art
By Maria Popova
On the heels of yesterday’s 100 Ideas That Changed Photography comes 100 Ideas That Changed Art (public library) — a succinct account of the most influential developments in the history of art, from cave paintings to the internet, compiled by art historian and broadcaster Michael Bird. From conceptual innovations like negative space (#98), color codes (#33), and street art (#94) to landmarks of communication like making books (#21), propaganda (#12), and handwriting (#24) to ideological developments like “less is more” (#30), protest (#79), and the body as surface (#9), each idea is contextualized in a 500-word essay with key visual examples.
Bird writes in the introduction:
What does it mean to ‘change art’? Art, in any definition, is so much a business of transformation that change is always and everywhere part of its nature, whether you think of it in physical terms (stone into statue) or in intellectual or spiritual ones (giving form to invisible things). No sooner has an idea changed art that art reformulates that idea, allowing it to recognize itself. Around the early fifth century BC, for example, Greek sculptors changed the way they represented naked figures, probably under the influence of certain intellectual attitudes to the human body. At the same time, their nude statues endowed fifth-century Greek ideas about what it means to be human with an extraordinarily long and fertile posterity. As so often where art is concerned, the transformation works both ways, more on the analogy of a chemical reaction than the introduction of a new material in engineering or a new process in politics.
Whereas stories are diachronic — they take time in the telling and involve the unfolding of events through time — visual images work synchronically, being interpreted almost instantaneously by the viewer. Visual artists have therefore developed a wide range of strategies for the task of storytelling.
100 Ideas That Changed Art comes from British publisher Laurence King, who previously brought us 100 Ideas That Changed Graphic Design, 100 Ideas That Changed Film, and 100 Ideas That Changed Architecture.
Images and captions courtesy of Laurence King
Published October 25, 2012
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[ ɹˈə͡ʊntd͡ʒənˌɒɡɹamz], [ ɹˈəʊntdʒənˌɒɡɹamz], [ ɹ_ˈəʊ_n_t_dʒ_ə_n_ˌɒ_ɡ_ɹ_a_m_z]
How to use "Roentgenograms" in context?
What are roentgenograms?
A Roentgenogram is an X-ray picture of the body surface. It is created by exposing a thin film of plaster to a ray of X-radiation and photographing the resultant image. This technique was first used in 1895 to image the skeleton.
Today, a Roentgenogram can be used to examine any part of the body. For example, a Roentgenogram can be used to visualize a broken bone, a tumor, or a bruise. Roentgenograms can also be used todiagnose various medical conditions, such as stroke, cardiac arrest, and pneumonia.
Word of the Day
- Bouvet Island, a remote and uninhabited volcanic island in the Southern Ocean, is known for its breathtaking beauty and untouched nature. When seeking to describe this unique locat...
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The Sgian Dubh (pronounced ‘ski-en doo’), is a small single-edged knife. The Sgian Dubh is said to have originally been part of a set of knives that were used by servants to clean, skin and dress the meat after the Lord of the manor and his party had been out hunting game.
The Sgian Dubh is now worn as part of traditional Scottish dress tucked into the top of the kilt hose. It should be positioned so that only the hilt (handle) is visible. In the modern highland outfit, the Sgian Dubh has taken a more aesthetic than practical role, adding some decoration to the Kilt Hose. The Sgian Dubh is normally worn on the same side as the dominant hand. Browse our Sgian Dubhs for every occasion.
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Communication is defined by language and whoever grew up as a polyglot will be aware of the fascinating twists each language comes with, Speakers might be able to identify similarities between some languages with the same historical background, such as French, Italian or Spanish, all Roman languages. Many terms used in one of those languages have the same linguistic root. But nonetheless, each language comes with its own grammar and linguistic usage.
German has developed a rather interesting dynamic in terms of differentiating if a term is describing a female or a male individual – the „gendering“ or as it is called in the German language: „Das Gendern“. Past generations who have been living in an undeniably male dominated society have favoured using the male versions of German terms over the female ones, Especially in the last couple of years debates have started on how to make language more inclusive. This uproar wasn’t only caused by the increasing feeling of women being deliberately excluded through language. Due to the society developing further and the movement of people starting to open the discussion about identifying genders and sexuality in the context of written and spoken language, the discussion deepened.
Several groups introduced new gendering rules using special characters such as an asterisk or capital letters within the word to indicate male and female terms. Lately, the usage of a colon has become more popular as it doesn’t only include male and females but people who identify as non-binary as well.
Journalism & Gendering
Journalism plays a large part in the societal development of language. Generational differences are therefore not only noticeable in the general context of social interaction but have also manifested in the way media handles the topic of addressing genders and using gendering in their daily work. While the notion towards a more gender friendly discourse has elaborated amongst the younger generation exponentially with more and more young adults becoming more aware of their social environment, it has taken journalism some time to adopt gendering language.
Humans are a creature of habit, which means every change in their daily routine seems to make a huge difference, This equally applies to how we consume media. While the younger generations has an easier time to adapt as they have grown up in an environment that becomes more and more accepting of a diversifying society, the older generations might tendentially struggle more coming to terms with language usage changing over time.
Journalism has always subtly impacted the progress of language, as the core of journalistic work is to educate and inform the public. As news are something a majority of people consume either online or offline, the language used in media inevitably shapes the way people communicate – amongst other factors. Even though the introduction of gendering in the German speaking context has caused a high amount people to complain about the „butchering“ of the German language, it is still important to act as an advocate for inclusive language. As stated above, humans are a creature of habit and the way they got used to smoking being prohibited indoors in Austria, they will get used to gender inclusive language.
Journalism as educational guidepost
People who have worked in journalism for multiple decades and undoubtedly are skilled and gifted in what they do, have at times been sceptical of the development language has made in the last couple years. Not only has gendering become more common, terms taken from various different languages that have been adapted to fit German grammar have also impacted the way of speaking and writing. It is a development that can be linked to a more globalised and virtually connected society that is interested in educating themselves and broadening their cultural horizon by tapping into different languages all around the European continent.
Even though scepticism towards language changes is understandable, I feel like it is part of the journalistic duty to embrace the progress to a more open form of communication in a way which makes sense. This does not imply that every linguistic trend popping up on the internet should be immediately applied but societal developments such as the enforcing of gender inclusive language should be a no brainer. Especially young people highly care about their own identity and should be supported by being included and making them feel seen – not only by their personal environment but the general public, and therefore the media as well.
Journalism as educational signpost in a matter that is highly important for the young generations does not only make them feel appreciated but might also result in a newfound respect for the media – something that has been noticeably lost over the last few years.
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Trinity Catholic College uses a number of tools to help guide our students towards focused learning and assist them to make appropriate choices in the online space. Linewize is one of these tools and their philosophy aligns well with our school values.
The decisions that students make in the digital world are expected to mirror the same values they use to make decisions in the face to face world. These decisions and choices should always be based on respect for self and for one another.
In modern society, the digital world is often at the end of our fingertips and the lines that used to separate home from school no longer exist. This cyber safety hub provided by Linewize helps parents to understand the online space and it strengthens the partnership between home and school as we work together to support our students in becoming outstanding citizens in both the real and the digital world.
Wednesday November 22, 2023
Google made changes in October to how third-party applications using a Google sign-in access works
Tuesday October 31, 2023
This article from Safe on Social highlights the issue of online aggression that appears to be emerging in the digital world.
Wednesday September 20, 2023
There is a trend of young people using social media to self-diagnose mental health issues or neurodiversity.
Wednesday September 13, 2023
Teenagers' lives are far more visible today compared to the pre-digital explosion but like all young people, sometimes they want to go unnoticed.
Sunday August 13, 2023
Netsafe has released a recording of a webinar from July delivered to whānau that you can access here as well as a Tiktok family safety toolkit guide.
Monday August 7, 2023
Our kaiārahi and ako teachers have been working with our students to introduce our new digital agreement.
Monday June 19, 2023
Through our partnership with Linewize, parents have free access to the basic protection tools of this app
Wednesday June 7, 2023
This article can feel quite confronting to parents as we ponder this world in which there is so much oversharing.
Monday May 29, 2023
There is a role for artificial intelligence in our schools but not for completion of assignments.
Sunday May 14, 2023
Device addiction is a new(ish) concept that may well affect many people in our community. The digital world is designed to be addictive and this world is literally at our fingertips.
Saturday April 15, 2023
The link in this week's article is from Safe on Social and it outlines how Snapchat users can use Artificial Intelligence.
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What age range are humorous children's books suitable for?
Humorous children's books are suitable for a wide age range, starting from toddlers all the way up to young readers. The content and complexity of the humor may vary, so it's essential to choose books that align with the child's developmental stage and sense of humor.
Can funny children's books help reluctant readers?
Yes! Funny children's books can be a great tool for engaging reluctant readers. The humor and comedic elements can make reading more enjoyable and less intimidating. These books often have engaging plots and characters that capture the reader's attention, making reading a positive and entertaining experience.
Are humorous children's books educational?
Absolutely! While humorous children's books provide entertainment and laughter, they also offer educational value. They enhance reading skills, vocabulary, comprehension, and critical thinking. Additionally, humor can spark creativity and imagination in children, enhancing their overall cognitive development.
What are some popular themes in humorous children's books?
Humorous children's books cover a wide range of themes. Some popular themes include funny animal adventures, silly jokes and riddles, comical family and friend situations, imaginative and absurd scenarios, and humorous twists on classic fairy tales. There's a hilarious book for every child's unique sense of humor!
Do humorous children's books have positive impacts on children's well-being?
Yes, humorous children's books can have positive impacts on children's well-being. Laughter is known to reduce stress, improve mood, and strengthen social connections. Engaging with funny books can create joyful and shared experiences, fostering a positive and happy mindset in young readers.
How can I choose the right humorous children's book for my child?
Choosing the right humorous children's book involves considering the child's age, interests, and sense of humor. Read reviews and summaries to get an idea of the book's style and content. You can also involve your child in the selection process, letting them browse through options and gauge their interest.
Are there educational activities that can accompany humorous children's books?
Absolutely! Pairing educational activities with humorous children's books can enhance the reading experience. You can create fun wordplay games based on the book's content, encourage your child to draw their favorite funny scene, or even act out the story. These activities add an interactive and educational element to the reading journey.
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Germans are worried. Their country is one of at least four European Union member states where employment has exceeded the 10 percent rate.
According to February's unemployment statistics, for the first time since 1932 more than 5 million Germans are without a job. Those currently without a job aren't the only ones who are worried though. "The February figure will be significantly higher," Germany's labor and economic minister warned on Feb. 21 (Financial Times, Feb. 22, 2005).
Reaching the 5 million mark had an immediate impact on Germany's national confidence. In a poll taken a couple of days after the unemployment figures were released, 85 percent of the Germans surveyed expressed concern for their personal future. Every third German who still has a job is apprehensive that he will lose it.
In the eastern part of the country—formerly the nation of East Germany—50 percent of jobholders fear they will be laid off. Two out of three believe that the nation's unemployment rate will continue to rise.
Increasingly, there is a lack of confidence among the German people that their government will be able to turn the tide on unemployment. They are fearful over Germany's prolonged economic slump.
As a result, considerable pressure is on Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder's government. Part of it stems from the recent success of Germany's ultra-right NPD party (the National Democratic Party). The NPD has been around a long time. It made headlines as early as 1968 when it won and held seats in a German state legislature for one term.
Now, 36 years later, its former success has been repeated. The NPD won 12 seats in last fall's elections for the state legislature in the new state of Sachsen (Saxony) within what was formerly East Germany. The NPD garnered 9.2 percent of the votes cast, an increase of 7.8 percent in the five years since the last election.
With unemployment rates twice as high as those in its western states, Germany's newer states in the eastern part of the country have become fertile ground for ultra-right political activity.
The NPD has a radical "Germans first" platform. It demands that immigration to Germany must be highly restricted and that foreign guest workers must be sent home so Germans can take their jobs.
Several state elections will be held this year. If the German economy doesn't show significant improvement soon, the NPD is poised to attract—especially among the young—even more voters who are disillusioned with the traditional parties' efforts to solve the nation's economic problems. This is a grave danger in the heart of Europe—especially since Austria also has a similar ultra-right political party.
Conditions similar to those pre-Hitler
The recent unemployment figures prompted Bavarian Governor Edmund Stoiber—who opposed Chancellor Schroeder in the 2002 election—to accuse Schroeder of promoting indirectly the far-right NPD through his failing economic policies.
Stoiber fears that "... the economic failure of the Schroeder government is creating a breeding ground for extremists who exploit the hopelessness of people and thereby endanger our democracy" (Welt am Sonntag, Feb. 6, 2005).
He thinks that Germany could be approaching a crisis very similar to the one it faced in 1932, which opened the door for Adolf Hitler to seize power. It was in that election that millions of disenchanted voters propelled the Nazi party to a prominent position of influence in the German Reichstag.
Chancellor Schroeder, of course, is convinced that he is not underestimating the potential danger of the NPD's gains in the polls. His response to the NPD plan to conduct a protest rally in Berlin at the Brandenburg Gate on the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe (May 8) has been to ask "decent democrats" to hold a counter rally.
But mere demonstrations will not be enough to bring the current tensions to an end. Germany must quickly begin solving its unemployment problem if it is to counteract the growing sense of frustration and hopelessness within the country, especially in its eastern states.
There are some hopeful indications that the government will act in time. But if it doesn't, a real tragedy could be in the making. Germany's economy is the largest in Europe. It is essential that its government remain stable because of its impact on the economy—and consequently the political stability—of all of Europe. History has made it very clear that a radical government can disrupt the political scene of the entire European continent.
Leaders with an extreme agenda
All present European governments seem determined to prevent such a crisis from happening again. However, biblical prophecy indicates that at least a few European governments will once again come under the control of leaders with an extreme agenda.
Therefore, it is important to be aware of the warnings that the Bible gives us concerning the future of that portion of the world that once hosted the Roman Empire.
Those warnings are presented in considerable detail in the last book of the Bible, the book of Revelation. To learn the significance of those warnings and understand why certain current trends in Europe today could be early precursors of their fulfillment, be sure to request or download your free copy of our booklet The Book of Revelation Unveiled. WNP
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Cannabis Sativa, also known as ordinary or natural hemp, is a herbaceous, annual flowering medicinal and valuable plant that belongs to the hemp family and is one of three Cannabis species.
There are countless different cannabis varieties worldwide, which differ in their properties in terms of growth habit, taste, yield, and effect. Nevertheless, they all belong to the Cannabaceae family, and you can assign them to one of the three main genera:
These varieties have origins in different climate zones; one can observe differences in appearance, flowering system, growth, habitat, taste, and effect.
However, you rarely find pure strains as breeders attempt to fuse the best traits of each species into new strains known as hybrid cannabis.
The Cannabis Sativa plant grows between 2 and 4 meters; in optimal conditions, it can reach up to 5 meters in height, making it the tallest of the three cannabis species. Lush yields are the result of such tremendous growth. Depending on the variety, these specimens also have a more extended flowering period than Cannabis Indica.
The plant appears lanky with loose branches. The Sativa leaves are often light and long and resemble slender fingers; they are much narrower than the leaves of other species – the stereotypical representation of a cannabis leaf is C. Sativa.
Within the cannabis species Sativa, some researchers distinguish between two varieties:
- Cultivated hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. Sativa)
- Wild hemp (Cannabis sativa var. spontanea Vav.)
The Sativa flowers after about 16 weeks. In contrast to the faster flowering Indian hemp, which is about twice as fast with an average flowering time of 6 to 8 weeks. The combined growth and flowering period can sometimes last up to six months. In many cases, it even grows by 200 to 300% during the flowering period. The cannabis plant dies after its flowering period.
Cannabis Sativa is cultivated for drug use and has wide-ranging medicinal uses. It is also used, among other things, as bird feed, for cooking (e.g., hemp seed oil), and for fiber production.
As an intoxicant
After drying the flower clusters and small leaves of the female cannabis plant, marijuana, commonly known as weed, is consumed. The extracted resin is processed into hashish. The cannabis species Sativa exhibits a more stimulating and psychedelic effect than cannabis Indica, producing a more sedative effect. The THC content of Sativa (the psychoactive compound) is usually much higher than other species.
Although Sativa has lower levels of CBD than Indica, this species has been used for many health conditions and conditions. Like Indian hemp, it reduces (chronic) pain and cramps, cause muscle relaxation, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and helps with migraines and depression. Many sufferers highly value it as an anxiety and stress reducer. It can also be used effectively as an appetite stimulant after chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS treatment, or when feeling sick. Researchers report successful treatment of glaucoma and reduction of intraocular pressure.
The hemp oil is extracted from the hemp nut and is considered a nutritious food. The oil and nut contain more than 90% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Hemp seeds produced for human consumption are high in protein, carbohydrates, and fats. The high fiber content and various valuable vitamins and minerals are among the ingredients of hemp.
Ordinary or natural hemp is known to have a very high THC and relatively low CBD content compared to Indian hemp. Therefore, it generates a noticeable intoxication, also called “high.” The stimulant often induces an energetic, inspiring state; one can describe the effects as creative and cheerful. Some users even speak of psychedelic, hallucinogenic experiences. Unlike cannabis Indica, which often induces drowsiness, Sativa promotes alertness and, in many cases, has a focusing effect. Consumption of C. Sativa can provide relief from depression as well as balance drive disorders.
Typical effects of Cannabis Sativa tend to be summarized as follows:
- “cerebral high” is characteristic
- increases creativity and has an inspiring effect
- gives energy
- reduces nausea
- promotes concentration and alertness
- has an appetizing effect
Initially, ordinary hemp came from countries around the equator, such as Thailand, Indonesia, Colombia, and Jamaica. Due to the short light periods and the dense vegetation, the plant has to fight for sunlight there – this explains its enormous size of two to four meters (in exceptional cases, even more).
Today, hemp can be found almost worldwide in temperate and tropical zones (cultivated and wild). Due to the centuries-long distribution by humans, the natural distribution area can no longer be precisely defined.
Differences between Sativa and Indica
There are no legal differences between the two types of cannabis, Indica, and Sativa. However, practice shows that the two differ significantly, whether in effect, physical appearance, or growth pattern. One can attribute the differences between these types of plants, particularly that cannabis can adapt to many different environmental conditions.
Below are the key differences between the Cannabis Indica and Cannabis Sativa strains:
While the C. Sativa strain comes from equatorial regions such as Thailand, southern India, Mexico, or Jamaica, one assumes that C. Indica originates from Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, Nepal, etc.).
Sativa flowers have a less distinctive smell than Indica flowers; as a rule, Sativa also becomes larger, although they are often lighter when dried (because of their lower density). Indicas have dense, heavy, fragrant buds (flowers) and appear very compact and stocky as a plant.
A significant difference between the two species lies in the length of their flowering period: Sativas take between 60 and 90 days to finish flowering; Indicas, on the other hand, usually flower faster (around 45 to 60 days).
The Sativa variety, i.e., the typical hemp, has adapted so well to the environmental conditions of tropical regions (the days are usually short in the tropics) that the plant grows and flowers simultaneously. This species increases in height during the flowering period; in many cases, it increases by 200 to 300%, sometimes even more. Although Indian hemp (Indica) grows relatively quickly in height, growth usually doesn’t get out of control. During flowering, the plant will increase by 50-100%.
You feel the typical “high” effect when consuming the Sativa: creativity, energy, and a psychedelic effect are significant. The Indica effect is often described with the characteristic “stoned” feeling; you feel this strain mainly physically. It has a relaxing effect both physically and mentally, but in higher doses, it can make you sleepy.
Breeding new, highly potent strains with unique genetics and the best possible traits are the goal of many cannabis growers. By selectively crossing several types of cannabis, one can bring the best properties together: we speak of so-called hybrids.
Although the three cannabis species Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis belong to different cannabis families, one can all cross them with each other. Medicinal potential, high THC levels, and the ability to thrive in specific growing conditions are just a few of the traits sought.
It means that many strains now share traits from multiple families. As a result, you can find solid and potent hybrids that increase the effect or yields and show the robustness and a lack of susceptibility to disease. The majority of cannabis strains on the market today are hybrids.
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1-Trans-Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (CAS No. 1972-08-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). In: National Toxicology Program technical report series. Band 446, November 1996, S. 1–317, . PMID 12594529.
M. Guzmán, M. J. Duarte, C. Blázquez, J. Ravina, M. C. Rosa, I. Galve-Roperh, C. Sánchez, G. Velasco, L. González-Feria: A pilot clinical study of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. In: British journal of cancer. Band 95, Nummer 2, Juli 2006, S. 197–203, . doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603236. PMID 16804518. PMC 2360617 (freier Volltext).
cannabis-med.org: Clinical Studies and Case Reports
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About Ventolin: Ventolin Inhaler (Salbutamol) is a fast relief for wheezing and shortness of breath usually experienced by asthma patients and other individuals with breathing problems. This medication belongs to a class of drugs called bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the windpipe thus allowing for ease in breathing. The drug is used in relieving symptoms of breathing disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During exercise, Ventolin Inhaler (Salbutamol) can be used to prevent difficulty in breathing. It acts by opening the airways and making it much easier to breathe.
How to use Ventolin
Patients should consult a doctor before using Ventolin Inhaler (Salbutamol) to help guide them on how to take the medication. Usually, adults and teens over the age of twelve are recommended to use 1 to 2 doses/puffs of the medication while children between age 6 and age 11 should take only one puff in a day. The maximum possible dose as recommended by physicians is not more than 8 puffs in a day for adults and 4 puffs daily for children. Small children should be supervised when taking Ventolin Inhaler (Salbutamol) to ensure that they administer the medication properly. During exercise, to avoid exercise-related asthma, patients are advised to take two puffs before they start exercising.
The dosage is relevant to the kind of attack experienced as well as age and weight of an individual. A doctor’s prescription is best suited to guide different patients in taking the medication. Patients should avoid adjusting the dosage as this may cause misuse of the medication. If they wish to change the dosage, patients should consult a doctor to consult on what to do. Depending on the status of the attack, the user may be needed to take more puffs or doses. In the event of overdose, the patient should contact a doctor as soon as possible to determine the next course of action.
Ventolin Side Effects
When using Ventolin Inhaler (Salbutamol), patients may encounter side effects. These side effects are not fatal, but patients are advised to keep in touch with a doctor and report any incidences of discomfort they might experience. Side effects include; dizziness, dry throat, fatigue, nausea, headaches, flushing, increased heart rate, shakiness, and nervousness.
Before using Ventolin Inhaler (Salbutamol), patients should confirm with a doctor whether they may have any allergic reactions toward the drug. If the patient is using more and more doses of the medication with no improving result, they should contact a doctor since their asthma condition may be worsening. Patients should avoid sharing their medication even if the person they are giving has a similar condition. This might cause a risk situation. People with heart conditions should contact a doctor since this medication might worsen heart disorders.
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At Woodlands, we want our children to develop a sense of excitement and curiosity about the world around them and how it works. We intend to provide all children with a broad and balanced science curriculum. Our curriculum provides the foundations for understanding the world (through the disciplines of biology, chemistry and physics), whilst acquiring specific skills and knowledge which will help them think scientifically, gain an understanding of scientific processes and also an understanding of the uses and implications of Science, today and for the future.
Scientific enquiry skills (observing over time, pattern seeking, identifying, classifying and grouping, comparative and fair testing, researching using secondary sources) are promoted and embedded in each science unit of work, so that children learn to use a variety of approaches to answer relevant scientific questions. These units are revisited and developed throughout their time at school. Topics, such as Plants, are taught in Key Stage One (Year 1 and Year 2) and studied again in further detail during Key Stage Two (Year 3). This model allows children to build upon their prior knowledge and increases their enthusiasm for the topics whilst embedding this procedural knowledge into the long-term memory.
We want our children to have a broad scientific vocabulary so they can answer scientific questions precisely and explain key concepts accurately in both their written and spoken work. Technical terminology is taught and built upon as topics are revisited in different year groups and across key stages.
All children are exposed to high quality teaching and learning experiences, in weekly science lessons, which also allow opportunities for children to explore their outdoor environment and locality, thus developing their scientific enquiry and investigative skills even further.
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Using deepfakes of students to create “personalized” training videos leads to quicker learning, scientists say.
Although deepfake technology has been widely criticized for fooling people, scientists at Bath University set out to show that it can have its positive uses.
They concluded that watching a training video starring yourself as a deepfake, as opposed to a clip featuring somebody else, makes learning faster, easier and more fun.
The researchers first looked at applying the technique to personal fitness videos and then to public speaking.
The team, led by the REVEAL research center at the University of Bath was published in the journal CHI ’23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
Deepfake technology has not had a good press. It has been used to spread political misinformation and to maliciously develop porn by superimposing the face of one person on the body of another.
It also poses a threat to professionals in the creative industries.
Dr. Christopher Clarke from the Department of Computer Science at Bath said: “Deepfakes are used a lot for nefarious purposes, but our research suggests that FakeForward, the name used by the researchers to describe the use of deepfake to teach a new skill, is an unexplored way of applying the technology so it adds value to people’s lives by supporting and improving their performances.”
Study co-author Dr. Christof Lutteroth added: “From this study, it’s clear that deepfake has the potential to be really exciting for people.
“By following a tutorial where they act as their own tutor, people can immediately get better at a task – it’s like magic.”
For the fitness experiment, study participants were asked to watch a training video featuring a deepfake of their own face pasted over the body of a more advanced exerciser.
The researchers chose six exercises, planks, squats, wall squats, sit-ups, squat jumps and press-ups, each targeting a different muscle group and requiring different types of movement.
For each exercise, study participants first watched a video tutorial where a model demonstrated the exercise, and then had a go at repeating the exercise themselves.
The model was chosen both to resemble the participants and to outperform them, though their skill level was attainable to the test subject.
The process of watching the video and mimicking the exercise was also performed using a deepfake instructor, where the participant’s own face was superimposed on a model’s body.
For both conditions, the researchers measured the number of repetitions or the time participants were able to hold an exercise.
For all exercises, regardless of the order in which the videos were watched, participants performed better after watching the video of “themselves,” compared to watching a video showing someone else.
Dr. Lutteroth said: “Deepfake was a really powerful tool.
“Immediately people could do more press-ups or whatever it was they were being asked to do.
“Most also marked themselves as doing the exercise better than they did with the non-deepfake tutorial and enjoyed it more.”
The other FakeForward study by the same team found that deepfake can significantly boost a person’s skills as a public speaker.
When the face of a proficient public speaker was replaced with a user’s, learning was significantly amplified, with both confidence and perceived competence in public speaking growing after watching the FakeForward video.
Participants felt inspired seeing ‘themselves’ deliver speeches, saying things such as, “it gives me a lot of strength,” “the deepfake video makes me feel that speaking is actually not that scary” and “when I saw myself standing there and speaking, I kind of felt proud of myself.”
To guard against potential misuse, the FakeForward research team has developed an ethical protocol to guide the development of ‘selfie’ deepfake videos.
Dr. Clarke said: “For this technology to be applied ethically, people should only create self-models of themselves, because the underpinning concept is that these are useful for private consumption.”
Dr. Lutteroth added: “Just as deepfake can be used to improve ‘good’ activities, it can also be misused to amplify ‘bad’ activities – for instance, it can teach people to be more racist, more sexist and ruder.
“For example, watching a video of what appears to be you saying terrible things can influence you more than watching someone else saying these things.”
“Clearly, we need to ensure users don’t learn negative or harmful behaviors from FakeForward. The obstacles are considerable but not insurmountable.”
Produced in association with SWNS Talker
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What is melamine plywood?
Melamine faced boards, whose base material is particle board and MDF, are made by bonding the base material and the surface. There are mainly two types of surface veneers: domestic and imported. , Waterproof soaking treatment, the use effect is similar to that of composite wood flooring.
Melamine board, referred to as melamine board, the full name is melamine impregnated film paper veneer wood-based board. It is to soak paper with different colors or textures in melamine resin adhesive, then dry to a certain degree of curing, and pave it on particleboard, moisture-proof board, medium density fiberboard, plywood, blockboard, multi-layer board or other Hardboard surface, heat-pressed decorative panels. In the production process, it is generally composed of several layers of paper, and the number depends on the application. Melamine board is not a new product, and the fancy name does not mean that the product is fresh.
Soak the decorative paper in a melamine solution, and then press it on with a hot press. Therefore, the moisture-proof board for furniture is generally called melamine moisture-proof board. Melamine-formaldehyde resin is a solution with very low formaldehyde content, which is environmentally friendly. This way it will not cause secondary pollution, but will reduce the release of the substrate inside. This approach has been recognized by everyone, and most of them are doing this. However, the surface treatment is also divided into good and bad, because the price of melamine-formaldehyde resin solution is almost 10 times that of other glues, and many people mix urea-formaldehyde glue into the solution, which is not environmentally friendly, so the board is also divided into full trimeric and Semi-polyboard, this is not easy for non-professionals to recognize, it mainly depends on whether the surface is transparent.
Composition of melamine paper for the melamine plywood:
“Melamine” is one of the resin adhesives used to make this kind of board. Papers with different colors or textures are soaked in resin, dried to a certain degree of curing, and paved on the surface of particleboard, medium density fiberboard or hard fiberboard. , the decorative board made by hot pressing, the standard name is melamine impregnated film paper veneer wood-based panel, saying that its melamine board is actually a part of its veneer composition. Generally, it is composed of surface paper, decorative paper, covering paper and bottom paper.
①Surface paper is placed on the top layer of the decorative board to protect the decorative paper, making the surface of the board highly transparent after heating and pressing, hard and wear-resistant. This kind of paper requires good water absorption, white and clean, and transparent after dipping .
② Decorative paper, that is, wood grain paper, is an important part of the decorative board. It has a background color or no background color. The decorative paper printed into various patterns is placed under the surface paper and mainly plays a decorative role. This layer requires The paper has good hiding power, impregnation and printing properties.
③ Covering paper, also called titanium white paper, is usually placed under the decorative paper when manufacturing light-colored decorative boards to prevent the underlying phenolic resin from penetrating the surface. Its main function is to cover the color spots on the surface of the substrate. Therefore, good coverage is required. The above three kinds of paper are impregnated with melamine resin respectively.
④The base paper is the base material of the decorative board, which plays a role in the mechanical properties of the board. It is made by impregnating phenolic resin glue and drying. The number of layers can be determined according to the application or the thickness of the decorative board during production. When choosing this kind of panel furniture, in addition to satisfactory color and texture, you can also distinguish the appearance quality from several aspects. Whether there are stains, scratches, indentations, pores, whether the color and luster are uniform, whether there are bubbles, whether there are local paper tears or defects.
1. It can imitate various patterns arbitrarily, and the color is bright. It can be used as a veneer for various wood-based panels and wood. It has high hardness, wear resistance and good heat resistance.
2. The chemical resistance is average, and it can resist the abrasion of general acids, alkalis, oils and alcohols and other solvents.
3. The surface is smooth and clean, easy to maintain and clean. Melamine board has excellent properties that natural wood cannot have at the same time, so it is often used in interior construction and decoration of various furniture and cabinets.
Melamine board is a wall decoration material. Some people use melamine boards to counterfeit laminate flooring for ground decoration, which is inappropriate. Common specifications: 2440mm×1220mm, thickness 1.5-1.8Cm.
Advantages and disadvantages of melamine plywood:
The advantages of this kind of board are: smooth surface, not easy to deform because of the same expansion coefficient on both sides of the board, bright color, more wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant surface, and economical price.
The disadvantage of this kind of board is: the edge banding is easy to collapse, and it can only be straight edge banding if it can’t be cracked.
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The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium, whose name is known back to Roman times, when the location was called Aquae Spadanae, sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word “spargere” meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten. The word spa itself denotes “fountain”. Some experts also suggest that the word “spa” originated from the name of the Belgian town named Spa where a curative natural spring was discovered in the 14th century. Since medieval times, illnesses caused by iron deficiency were treated by drinking chalybeate (iron-bearing) spring water (in 1326, the ironmaster Collin le Loup claimed a cure, when the spring was called Espa, a Walloon word for “fountain”).
In 16th-century England, the old Roman ideas of medicinal bathing were revived at towns like Bath (not the source of the word bath), and in 1596 William Slingsby who had been to the Belgian town (which he called Spaw) discovered a chalybeate spring in Yorkshire. He built an enclosed well at what became known as Harrogate, the first resort in England for drinking medicinal waters, then in 1596 Dr Timothy Bright after discovering a second well called the resort The English Spaw, beginning the use of the word Spa as a generic description.
It is commonly claimed, in a commercial context, that the word is an acronym of various Latin phrases such as “Salus Per Aquam” or “Sanitas Per Aquam” meaning “health through water”. This is very unlikely: the derivation does not appear before the early 21st century and is probably a backronym as there is no evidence of acronyms passing into the language before the 20th century; nor does it match the known Roman name for the location.
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A brighter future for solar
How a young startup aims to disrupt the solar industry with printable solar cells
The demand for solar modules is rising, but their production still relies heavily on non-renewable resources. Therefore, researchers turned entrepreneurs have been working on new efficient solutions to bring the sun’s energy to our outlets. Among them, a small team around Claudiu Mortan in Stuttgart, who combine a printing technique with the mineral Perovskite to develop lightweight and recyclable solar cells – which could even go up to space.
Claudiu, what stands in the way of powering the world on solar energy?
Imagine that just one hour of sunlight would be enough to power the world economy for an entire year! The issue is that manufacturing conventional solar cells involves high amounts of thermal energy to yield the highly refined elemental silicon used in the cells. By the way, a large portion of this energy still comes from coal. The energy payback time – the amount of time the solar module needs to produce as much energy as was needed to manufacture it – varies between one to three years. A conventional solar cell can last several decades, but it loses efficiency over time and is expensive to recycle. Solar cell production should become greener in the future.
Why are your Perovskite solar cells a better alternative?
Silicon is reaching its maximum efficiency. We aim to improve the technology and eventually exceed it. Perovskite solar cells have the potential of a low energy payback time of only several months due to their low-temperature processability. They can be easily recycled. You can dissolve the different layers that make up the solar module into different solvents and purify the materials. This way, you can reuse them according to the cradle-to-cradle model. The materials in our Perovskites are not only recyclable but also abundantly available. Silicon panels cannot be dissolved, and most likely a lot of them will end up as landfill because recycling is expensive.
What about the production process?
Our production process is at the heart of our innovation. We are developing a process for a slot-die coating method. It works like a 3D printer. Instead of a tiny nozzle, we have a wider slit. We press a liquid with our active substances onto a substrate, like glass or polymer foil. We want to dry the semiconducting films that make up our solar cells while recuperating the solvents for reuse.
What are some of the challenges of working with a novel material like Perovskite?
Because of its novelty, there is little actual data about Perovskites solar modules’ long-term stability. Within twelve years of research, Perovskite solar cells have already experienced an unprecedented leap of efficiency on a lab scale, but if we can’t get these solar cells stable enough in the upscaled production, no one will buy them. Our recipes include stable solar cell materials that need to prove themselves in our pilot production process.
If there was one wish you could make with regards to the startup landscape in Germany, what would it be? What do you need to succeed?
To be able to compete globally, we need faster access to grants for startups in Germany. Let’s look at how long it took us to write the application for the initial funding from EXIST. We have been working on the application since December. After the application, it will take three months to grant it. Altogether those are nine months of work without funding. The lengthy process aside, I am very thankful for EXIST! We will receive this grant without the obligation of paying it back. We will do our best to pay back the money in taxes later on. Another benefit of EXIST is that we will be able to use all the facilities of the university that we would not have access to otherwise. It allows us to tap into the research knowledge and infrastructure of all the institutes there.
Once you cleared that hurdle, what will you use the grant for?
We want to upscale the production process in a lab setting for building a larger prototype module. With further funding, we will work together with the InnovationLab GmbH in Heidelberg to develop a pilot production process. They provide different coating and drying modules for their roll-to-roll printing machine that we can configure according to our needs. There, we can customise our process, to find the best parameters for printing efficient and stable solar cells. Ultimately, we would like to buy our own production facility.
If all works out, where could we see Perosol’s solar cells in the not-so-distant future?
The opportunities are endless, but it is a challenge to realise actual products. How about making umbrellas with solar cells lining that you can take to the beach? Or tents with flexible solar cells for camping? These ideas are fun, but they would still need a lot of development time, being hard to realise. Ideas are like stars, they are abundant but hard to reach. Speaking of stars: our solar cells could be used on satellites, because of their low weight. It can cost up to $50,000 per kilogramme to launch payloads into space, so saving weight is crucial. You would be able to compress the solar cells and unfold them in space like origami. This would be a dream come true.
Luckily, you are not alone on your journey to achieve those goals. How did you meet your cofounders?
First, I contacted Prof Michael Saliba, a well-known specialist for Perovskite devices, and Director of the Institute for Photovoltaics at the University of Stuttgart. We know each other from different conferences and had spoken about a potential startup before. He was very happy to cofound Perosol. We are the first German startup to deal with this novel and amazing material class! Dr Chittaranjan Das is a good friend of mine and currently working as a postdoc at KIT. We are both science guys, so our startup coach Dr Jordi Mauri advised us to find a person with an economics background. It was difficult to convince somebody to join a startup and write a business proposal without any funds to show for. I wrote several job ads and invested a lot of time in finding somebody who is a proper fit. Then Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Elmas Yigitbay came along. She has more than 10 years of experience in the B2B market and believes in the Perosol project. She will help us find the market on which we can launch our solar cells in rough amounts.
How did you know that you want to launch your startup?
I do have a business mindset. I have always wanted to have a business, which is why I signed up for Young Entrepreneurs in Science. The programme motivated me a lot. The question “How much startup is in your PhD?” spoke to me. We were discussing different ideas for Perosol in the course and now we are making it a reality •
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What is high baritone?
Table of Contents
What is high baritone?
Baritone is the fifth of the scale that has the lead as a tonic, and may be sung below the lead, or even above the lead (and the tenor), in which case it is called “high baritone”. Conversely, the more “soul” baritones have the more traditional timbre, but sing in a vocal range that is closer to the tenor vocal range.
Can tenor sing baritone?
As a baritone, you CAN sing in the Tenor range The beauty of being a baritone is that you actually have MUCH more range and tonal control at your disposal than higher voice types – meaning you CAN learn to sing in the Tenor range, however, it takes a very DIFFERENT approach to the way a natural tenor would sing.
Can tenors sing baritone?
It is definitely possible for baritones to become tenors. Many men past puberty typically start as a baritone singer based on their tessitura (comfortable singing range). As they practice and continue training, baritone singers learn how to sing high notes that classify them as a tenor.
Can a tenor sing baritone?
Who has the highest singing voice?
The highest note on record is a G10 sung by Georgia Brown, a Brazilian dance/electric singer.
How high can a tenor sing?
A tenor is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. The tenor’s vocal range extends up to C5. The low extreme for tenors is widely defined to be B2, though some roles include an A♭2 (two A♭s below middle C).
What is the highest note a baritone can sing?
The highest note is a Ab4. The tessitura, however, sits too high for a baritone, and it will sound difficult for the baritone to sing. He will also most likely tire himself out before the end of the aria. For me: I’m happiest singing in the baritone range.
What is the difference between a bass and a baritone?
The bass is the lowest singing range and typically lies between E2 to E4. In the lower and upper extremes of the bass voice, some basses can sing from C2 to G4. The baritone is the second lowest singing range, and overlaps both Bass and Tenor. The typical baritone range is from A2 to A4, and might extend down to F2 or up to C5.
What is the difference between a tenor and a baritone?
Baritones play more villains (Scarpia, Jago, Jud Fry, Javert, Klingsor) or men of questionable integrity (Count Almaviva, Oppenheimer, Escamillo, Don Giovanni, Wotan) than tenors. Baritones are often cast in comic roles (Figaro, Papageno).
What is the typical baritone range?
The typical baritone range is from A2 to A4, and might extend down to F2 or up to C5. The baritone voice type is the most common type of male voice.
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This exhibit depicts the open surgical repair of a crescent supraspinatus tear with a suture anchor. The supraspinatus muscle forms the superior aspect of the rotator cuff. It assists the deltoid in abduction of the arm at the shoulder and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint by resisting downward gravitational force. Of the four rotator cuff muscles, it is most frequently subjected to tearing, particularly at its insertion site on the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Tearing of the supraspinatus tendon can result in shoulder pain, weakness, and impaired abduction. Arthroscopy is performed to confirm diagnoses and an incision is made over the superolateral shoulder. The incision is opened to expose the rotator cuff and the supraspinatus is debrided to a stable edge. The supraspinatus footprint is decorticated and a double loaded suture anchor is impacted into the greater tuberosity. Sutures from the anchor are then passed through the tendon and tied to secure the repair.
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Throughout history, there were people who did not want women to vote. They are a universally appreciated medium—most of the world grew up with cartoons of some sort or another. Albuquerque: Univ of New Mexico Press, 1994. It preaches the importance of core and back strength and offers solid exercises to accomplish those goals. At times, it can be abrasive and at times hurtful.
But there are some writers and historians who consider the cartoon a pointed form of political art and who likewise point to suffrage cartoons as the earliest examples of feminist art. Didn't they grant universal suffrage? Her actions earned her infamy as the Pirate Queen of Connaught. It was an excellent dynastic match, but despite bearing her husband three children, Grace wasn't made for housewifery. Suffrage and Anti-Suffrage Arguments Share with the class the document , an early plea to Congress, available from the. Cartooning was considered a masculine domain—it was not decorative, it was not always pretty, it was political, and it was aggressive. This cartoon depicts the male to be overpowering.
The book appeared have been written just for Kafka, who was used to sedentary office drudgery—he had once worked 12 hours each day at an insurance office. Historically, this cartoon depicts the defining moment that made all of the hard work that women had done to gain the right to vote worth it. A Danish physical fitness guru known to go skiing in nothing but a loincloth, Müller was arguably then one of the most famous people in all of Europe. In 1894, the magazine Puck published this cartoon of a woman at the polls. The global advocacy group, , is hosting its third conference, May 28-30, 2013, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
On a timeline displaying events in women suffrage, I found a few dates to be incredibly interesting. Understanding the positions of the suffrage and anti-suffrage movements—as expressed in archival broadsides, speeches, pamphlets, and political cartoons—will help your students better appreciate the struggle for women's rights and the vestiges of the anti-suffrage positions that lasted at least through the 1960s and, perhaps, to the present day. In the 1910s, if you strolled through Prague in the evenings, you might have caught a glance of a half-naked or fully nude Franz Kafka shamelessly jumping, stretching, and spinning in front of his apartment window. After passing away in 2001, the Indian Institute of Cartoonists organized the Maya Kamath Memorial Awards Contest for Excellence in Cartooning for three best political cartoons in India and one for the best budding cartoonist of the year. First, the man says that her salary will be lower than a man's. The stereotypes did not completely disappear, although they were softened or modified to be more in tune with present-day realities. Nothing, apparently, was more amusing than the man who tried to do the housework—that was funny back in the mid-19th century when Spencer painted the young father doing the marketing.
South America Africa Comics Journalism Though illustrated newspapers and news magazines were common in the late 19th and early 20th century, more recently, cartoonists have started presenting long-form journalism in comics form. The second strategy was to avoid both stereotypes and images that approximated the real world and to promote allegorical personifications in their place. Harriet Tubman was a civil rights activist and was once a slave. The challenge for the suffragists was the challenge of subverting anti-suffrage stereotypes which already existed and creating equally compelling new stereotypes which would be recognizable but communicate an opposing message. It was because of this that so much attention was given to it, and political cartoons like the one I picked were created.
. Window shades optional, but strongly suggested. Voting Rights for Women: Pro- and Anti-Suffrage An article originally published in the 1991 Session Weekly of the Minnesota House of Representatives recalls the arguments put forth in objection to the Minnesota Equal Suffrage Association's decision, early in the 20th century, to push for the right of women to vote in presidential elections. In 1915, editors of Puck—the same magazine that had published anti-suffrage cartoons for decades—declared the magazine in favor of suffrage. In recent history, cartoons have caused death and destruction. Women suffragists suffragettes began campaigning in democratic countries all over the world to change this, starting in the mid-19th century. Appointed in 1584, Bingham had taken office as part of English efforts to tighten their hold on Ireland, and in 1586 his men had been responsible for the death of one of Grace's sons.
It may not surprise you that they never married. Tell students they will be much better equipped to do such analyses when they have completed the other activities in this lesson. According to legend, she also fell in love with a shipwrecked sailor—and for a time life was happy. The summit was conducted in Latin, supposedly the only tongue the two women shared. It is a world we understand, it is a language we speak before we can read, and in many cases we are emotionally connected to the imagery. Traces of the issue can be seen dating all the way back to the 1700s. Some of the figures can be identified as real people while some of them are clearly invented.
They see this as an issue that is making strides, but there is still a lot of work to be done. Winter, co-winner of the competition One of the social groups that the suffragists used in images was the working woman. In return, Grace would withdraw her support of the Irish rebellion and attack only England's enemies. A cartoon can express the feelings of the individual, it can illuminate different cultures, and show how people react within different societies to global issues. Download and print out documents you will use and duplicate copies as necessary for student viewing.
By his late twenties, Kafka was obsessed with bulking up. While most American female editorial cartoonists lean left, is a Republican who started her career at California's Victor Valley Daily Press in 1992. The creators of these images are artists expressing their thoughts, sharing with us what they think of an issue, an injustice. Some of us are even drawn to create cartoons at an early age. It takes a village, and the village usually has a cartoonist or two. The fourth grievance explains why the early proponents of the Women's Rights Movement chose suffrage as their central goal.
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Research report: Voices of Refugees
The study examines communication’s behaviours and priority information needs of refugees in three areas: on their journey, in “transit” camps in Greece, and in Germany.The research’s objective was to identify opportunities for better communication with refugees across Europe, so that humanitarian agencies have access to insights on successful communication with refugees and can identify communication gaps.
The findings highlight refugees’ need for critical information about how to survive in their current situation, and what their future will hold. Concretely, refugees’ priority is to receive timely and reliable information on how to get to their next destination safely, quickly and without being detained. Communication with Communities raises the very specific challenge of credibility in addressing information and communications needs. A re-definition of roles and mechanisms is seen as necessary, including the identification of credible information sources, the clarification of service providers and information, and the adaptation of the messages provided to affected population from different countries and ethnic backgrounds, speaking different languages and differing enormously in levels of literacy and use of technology.
Refugees also expressed their need to be listened to and tell their stories. In many cases they have been faster to respond than international organisations and are already feeding other refugees with information through their own social media platforms or webpages.
In April 2016, humanitarian agency staff in Greece reviewed the research findings. The report shares recommendations from refugees and humanitarian agencies. These recommendations can be useful to adapt CwC initiatives but also to develop new strategies to respond to pressing information and communication needs.
The report is accompanied by a film designed to be watch on a mobile phone. It helps viewers to experience the perilous refugees journey.
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The Buddhist World
Sri Pada: Buddhism's Most Sacred Mountain
A Pilgrim’s Guide, By Venerable S. Dhammika
Mount Sinai was considered sacred at a much earlier date, Mt. Fuji surpasses it in beauty and height, and Mt. Kilash evokes a far greater sense of mystery. Nevertheless, no other mountain has been revered by so many people, from such a variety of religions, for so many centuries as Sri Pada has. In Sanskrit literature Sri Pada is called variously Mount Lanka, Ratnagiri (Mountain of Gems), Malayagiri or Mount Rohana. This last name, like its Arab and Persian equivalent, Al Rohoun, is derived from the name of the south western district of Sri Lanka where Sri Pada is situated. In several Tamil works it is known as Svargarohanam ( The Assent to Heaven) while the Portuguese called it Pico de Adam and the English Adam’s Peak. In the Mahavamsa, the great chronicle of Sri Lanka written in the 5th century CE, it is called Samantakuta ( Samanta’s Abode) while in modern Sinhalese it is often called Samanelakhanda (Saman’s Mountain). Long before Buddhism came to Sri Lanka in about 246 BCE Sri Pada was revered as the abode the god called Samanta, or sometimes Saman or Sumana. This local mountain god was destined to go on to great things. The Theravada Buddhists of Sri Lanka later made Samanta the guardian of their land and their religion. With the rise of Mahayana Buddhism, a movement that began in south India from where it soon spread to the island, Samanta developed into Samantabhadra, one of the four principle bodhisattvas of Mahayana. Like his later manifestation, Samanta is usually depicted crowned and bejewelled, holding a lotus in his right hand and accompanied by a white elephant. At Weligama, an ancient port on Sri Lanka’s south coast, there is a 12 ft high statue of Samantabhadra carved out of a huge moss-covered bolder. Pilgrims from India and northern Sri Lanka disembarking at Weligama were greeted by this bodhisattva’s serene countenance as they set out on the long trek to Sri Pada. Today there is still a shrine to Samanta on the top of the mountain and another larger one near Ratnapura, some 19 kilometres from its foot. The name Sri Pada, while correctly referring only to the sacred (sri) footprint (pada) on its summit, is the most commonly used name for the mountain today.
Sri Pada soars upwards to a height of 7360 feet from the very edge of the central highlands and viewed from the southwest looks like a pinnacle on a verdant castle wall. For about half the year it is oftenhidden in cloud and the torrential rains that rush down its steep sides during this time makes visiting the summit almost impossible. This abundant precipitation feeds Sri Lanka’s four main rivers which all have their sources on the mountain’s lower slopes. Over the aeons these rains have also washed nearly a thousand feet of rock and soil off Sri Pada and its surrounding peaks and the alluvial deposits that extend from its foot towards the south and east are one of the world’s richest gem mining areas. Here are found rubies, topaz, garnets, cats eye, aquamarine, Alexanderite and sapphires ranging in colour from yellow to blue. Like the mountain itself many legends are told about these gems. The Arabs believed they were the crystallised tears Adam and Eve shed when they were expelled from Paradise. The story the Chinese told about them was even more beautiful. They said that when the Buddha visited Sri Lanka he found the people poor and given to theft. So out of compassion and to turn them to virtue he sprinkled the island with sweet dew which crystallised into gems thus freeing the people from poverty by giving them a commodity to trade with.
Sri Pada is surrounded by exceptionally dense forest, much of it now making up the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary. This is not the lush steamy cover one usually associates with the tropics but a cool misty forest similar to that found in the lower reaches of the Himalayas. Giant trees hang heavy with moss, rhododendrons put forth large red blossoms and rare orchids like the Regal and the Chandraraja grow in the dark moist loam. Although not actually growing on Sri Pada’s slopes but in the forests further north and west, Sri Lanka’s famous spices have long been associated with the sacred mountain too. The Arabs believed that these sweet spices grew from cuttings and seeds which Adam bought with him from Paradise. A 14th century Persian poem says that Allah created all Sri Lanka’s spices and flowers so that Adam’s transition from Paradise to earth would be less painful. In the past Sri Pada’s forests were the home of numerous elephants and the animal was so identified with the mountain that it came to be seen as the mount of Samanta. In 1840 Major Skinner, the famous engineer, actually reported finding elephant droppings on the very top of Sri Pada early one morning. But with the establishment of the coffee plantations in the 1850’s these majestic creatures were completely shot out although pilgrims still occasionally report seeing Samanta’s white elephant as they make the nocturnal journey up the mountain. Of the two animals still associated with Sri Pada the first is the butterfly. Sri Lanka is the home of numerous species of glorious butterflies and once a year they form into long chains, sometimes consisting of hundreds of the creatures, and fly through the countryside. Popular legend says that they are all going to Sri Pada to pay homage to the Buddha’s footprint. The other animal associated with the sacred mountain, the leech, is far less pleasant. Ibn Batuta, the Moroccan traveller who visited Sri Lanka in 1344, like many people before and since, was appalled by the tenacity and ferocity of these leeches and mentioned that pilgrims would carry lemons to keep them at bay. Today the jungle besides the paths that lead up the mountain is cut back at the beginning of each the pilgrim season thus lessening this problem. But rest for a moment on a rock at the jungle’s edge or walk into it to answer the call of nature and hundreds of ravenous leeches will be waiting.
However it not Sri Pada’s geological particularities or natural beauty that has made it so famous but something else altogether. On the summit of the mountain is a boulder with a mysterious mark or indentation on it resembling a human footprint. Since from perhaps as early as the first century BCE the Sinhalese believed this mark to be the footprint of the Buddha himself. According to the Mahavamsa, the Buddha visited the island three times. During his last sojourn he flew from Kelaniya to Sri Pada, leaving the impression of his foot on the mountain top, and then left for Dighavapi. Whether the Buddha’s journey to Sri Lanka is true or not as a metaphor it is very true. The Buddha’s teaching has left its impression on every aspect of Sri Lankan life as surely and as indelibly as if it had been engraved in stone. Legend says that after King Valagambha was driven from his throne in 104 BCE, he lived in a remote forest wilderness for 14 years. On one occasion while stalking a deer he was led up the mountain and discovered the sacred footprint. The gods revealed to him that it had been made by the Buddha. The legend of the Buddha’s visits to Sri Lanka is not, it should be noted, confined to the Theravada tradition. The Lankavatara Sutra, the seminal text of the Ch’an and Zen schools of Buddhism, was supposedly taught by the Buddha while residing on Malayagiri, “which shone like a jewel lotus, immaculate and shining in splendour”. The Chrakasamvara Tantra mentions the Buddha flying to Lanka and leaving the impression of his foot on a mountain which it doesn’t name but which at least one contemporary Tibetan scholar has mistakenly identified as Mount Kailash in the western Himalayas. While Buddhists knew that this mysterious footprint had been made by the Buddha in succeeding centuries other faiths, Islam, Hinduism and Christianity were to lay claim to it also. A 15th century Chinese work says the footprint was made by Pwan-ko, the primordial man of Chinese mythology. South Indian Hindus believed it had been made by Shiva. Moses of Chorene never saw the footprint himself but proclaimed that it had been made by the Devil. The Portuguese could never quite make up their minds whether it had been made by Adam, St Thomas or the eunuch of Candace, Queen of Sheba, although they never doubted its veracity. Ibn Batuta mentioned that sometime before his visit the Chinese had come and cut the mark of the big toe out of the rock and enshrined in a temple in China “where it is visited by people from the farthest parts of the land”. An early Thai king sent monks to Sri Lanka to make an impression of the footprint and then had copies made in bronze and distributed all around his kingdom. (see above: copy of the Buddha’s Footprint from Sri Pada, Sukhodaya style, 14th century). The famous statue of the Buddha from Sukhodaya with its beautiful flowing lines, does not depict him walking, as is commonly supposed, but him making the mark of his foot on Sri Pada.
With shipping lanes through south east Asia becoming more reliable after the 5th century CE this became the favoured route for Indian and Chinese Buddhist monks and nuns going to each others country. Such missionaries and pilgrims often stopped off in Sri Lanka to visit the island’s many shrines. The famous Chinese pilgrim Fa Hien stayed in Sri Lanka in 411-12 and mentions Sri Pada in his travelogue, although it is not clear whether he actually went there. The Indian monk Punyopaya “climbed Mount Lanka” while on his way to China in 655. At about the same time the Kashmiri monk Vajrabodhi visited Sri Lanka and after a six month stay in Anuradapura, set out for Sri Pada. “When at last he reached the foot of the mountain, he found the country wild, inhabited by wild beasts and extraordinary rich in precious stones.” Like many pilgrims Vajrabodhi was moved by the spectacular view from the mountain’s top. “After long waiting, he was able to climb to the summit and contemplate the impression of the Buddha’s foot. From the top he saw to the north west the kingdom of Ceylon and on the other side the ocean”. In 1411 the grand fleet of the emperor of China commanded by the eunuch admiral Ch’ing-ho, arrived in Galle harbour to offer gifts to the sacred footprint on the emperor behalf. According to the inscription Ch’ing-ho later set up to record his mission, the gifts included ” 1000 pieces of gold, 5000 pieces of silver, 50 rolls of embroided multicolored silk, 4 pairs of jewelled banners, 5 antique incense burners, 6 pairs of gold lotuses, 2,5000 catties of perfumed oil” and numerous other things. In 1423 a large group of Thai and Cambodian monks who were in Sri Lanka studying and collecting texts climbed the sacred mountain before returning to their homelands. The leader of this group made a copy of the footprint and took back to Thailand with him. At the beginning of the 16th century the Portuguese conquered Sri Lanka’s maritime provinces and forbade Buddhists living under their jurisdiction and those coming from overseas from going to Sri Pada. By way of contrast, the king of Kandy in whose realm the mountain was situated, allowed Christians to enter his territory to make the pilgrimage. When the Dutch took over the maritime provinces in 1656 they proved to be less bigoted than the Portuguese but fear that pilgrims might act as spies for the king of Kandy led them, if not to ban, then at least to discourage visits by levying a heavy tax on pilgrims .For nearly two centuries Sinhalese Buddhists living in the low country could see the sacred mountain, worship it from afar but not go there.
The first western reference to Sri Pada is in Ptolemy’s Geography where it is called Valspada and the first specifically Christian mention of it is found in Valentinus’ Pistis Sophia. In this 2nd century Gnostic work Jesus is represented as saying to the Virgin Mary that he had appointed the angel Kalapataras as guardian over the mark “impressed by the foot of Adam and placed him in charge of the books of Adam written by Enoch in Paradise”. There are only occasional Christian references to the mountain in the proceeding centuries. Macro Polo did not visit Sri Lanka specifically to make a pilgrimage to Sri Pada; he was on a diplomatic mission for Kublai Khan at the time, although he was the earliest European to leave a reasonably accurate account of it. “In this island there is a very high mountain, so rocky and precipitous that the ascent to the top is impracticable, as it is said, excepting by the assistance of iron chains employed for the purpose. By means of these some persons attain the summit, where the tomb of Adam, our first parent, is reported to be found. Such is the account given by the Saracens. But the idolaters assert that it contains the body of Sogomon Barchan ( Sakyamuni Buddha), the founder of their religious system, and whom they revere as a holy personage”. Some 35 years after Marco Polo, Friar Odoric of Postenau returning to Europe from China broke his journey in Sri Lanka to make a pilgrimage to the sacred mountain. While climbing up he was shown the famous Fountains of Paradise, said to have been formed by the tears of Adam and Eve. However, the good friar was not impressed. The fountains looked to him like ordinary mountain springs and although the water was crystal clear, it was full of leeches. In about 1348 another European monk, the legate of Pope Clement V1 to China, Goivanni de Marignolli, climbed Sri Pada. He wrote of it, “It is a pinnacle of surpassing height, which, on account of the clouds, could rarely be seen; but it lighted up one morning just before the sun rose, so that they beheld it like the brightest flame. It was the highest mountain on the face of the earth and some thought that Paradise existed there”. Coming from his cold gloomy medieval cloister to the eternal spring of Sri Lanka, de Marignolli had no difficulty believing that Paradise was nearby but he was not one to swallow everything he was told. He estimated that Paradise was in fact 40 miles further north of the mountain. The climate of religious tolerance in Sri Lanka was also very different to what de Marignolli was used to. “The Buddhist monks on the mountain and elsewhere are very holy, though they have not the Faith… They welcomed me into their monasteries and treated me as one of their own”.
However, by the late middle ages European interest in Sri Pada had nearly faded away. When Fra Mauro drew his celebrated mappa mundi in Venice in 1459 on it he included a picture of Sri Pada and its sacred footprint, not for its religious but for its geographical significance. The situation had not changed though amongst the Christians of South India. Supposedly evangelised by St Thomas in about 59 CE but more probably the descendants of Nestorian Christian merchants originally from Persia, these people had been coming and indeed continued to come to the sacred mountain for centuries. After the Portuguese conquest of Sri Lanka, Sinhalese forcibly converted to Catholicism began joining these Indians on the yearly pilgrimage. In 1803 Robert Percival was able to write, “The Roman Catholic priests, with their usual industry, have taken advantage of the current superstition to forward the propagation of their own tenets; and a chapel which has been erected on the mountain is yearly frequented by vast numbers of black Christians of the Portuguese and Malabar race”. In 1684 Daniel Pathey, a German solider in the Dutch East India Company, became the first European since medieval times to climb Sri Pada and give a firsthand description of it. Since then there have been numerous other accounts of the mountain. One that deserves a mention because of the way its no-nonsense rationalism contrasts with the piety and sense of wonder of earlier accounts, is that written in 1819 by the first Englishman to make the ascent, Dr Henry Marshall. ” The area of the summit of the peak is 72 feet long and 54 broad, and is enclosed by a parapet wall five feet high… in the middle of this area is a large rock of Kabooe or iron-stone upon which is the mark of Adam’s left foot, called Sri Pada by the Singhalese; but it requires a great deal of help from imagination to trace it out. This sacred footprint is covered over with a small building formed of the most durable wood 12 feet long, 9 broad and 4 to the tiles with which it is surmounted. Upon the inside it is enclosed by a frame of copper fitted to its shape, and ornamented with numerous jewels set in four rows, but not of the best or most precious gems the island has been known to produce, for to me they looked very like glass. We were not, I regret to say ,provided with an ‘Union Jack’ but we fired three volleys, to the great astonishment of the Buddhists as a memorial to them that a British armed party had reached the summit… Sound lungs and hard feet are indispensable to the performance of such a trip, for in many places we had climbed barefoot over the iron-stone. As to palankins, they are quite out of the question. There may be some risk in ascending Adam’s Peak in heavy rain but surely not in fine weather”.
The third great world religion to hold Sri Pada sacred is Islam. All Muslims accept that after Adam was cast out of Paradise he left the mark of his foot on the top of a mountain. There was however a difference of opinion in ancient Islam about exactly where Paradise was. Some said it was on earth while others contended that it was in heaven. It was this second school’s opinion that eventually prevailed. Paradise was in heaven and when Adam was expelled his foot first touched the earth at its loftiest point which was Sri Pada. Al Tabari in his great history of the world, asserts that the mountain was so high that “when Adam was cast upon it, his feet touched it while his head was in heaven and he heard the prayer and praise-giving of the angels”. This apparently annoyed the angels and “they eventually complained to Allah in their various prayers and Allah therefore, lowered Adam (completely) down to earth”. When Ibn Batuta was in Shiraz in Persia he was shown the grave of Shaikh Abu Abdullah Khafif, supposedly the first Muslin to go to Sri Pada in the year 929 CE. “Previously the infidels (Buddhists) prevented the Muslims from visiting it, vexed them, and neither dinned with them nor had any dealings with them.” However, the Shaikh, who had lived in Chilaw for some years and had gained a reputation amongst the Sinhalese for holiness was finally allowed to join a group of pilgrims going to the mountain. At one point in the journey the party found itself in a jungle wilderness without any food. To save themselves they killed a baby elephant and eat it, though the Shaikhs advised against this and refused to partake of the meat. That night as the party slept a herd of elephants appeared, sniffed each person and crushed to death all those on whom they smelt the flesh of their kin. The chief elephant then put the Shaikh on his back and took him to the nearest village. “From that time the infidels began to honour the Muslims and up to this day they revere the Shaikh and call him the Great Shaikh”. However, despite what Ibn Batuta was told the evidence shows that Muslims were making the pilgrimage to Sri Pada before the time of Abu Abdullah Khafif . Sulaiman, an Arab trader is known to have gone to Sri Pada in 850 and Al Qazwini who died in 1282 quotes a hadith of the Prophet which says, “The best spot where the camel knelt down is Mecca, thereafter this mosque of mine (i.e. Medina) and Al Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the island of Sarandib where our father Adam had descended”. If this hadith is authentic it would show that Muslim reverence of Sri Pada began with the Prophet Mohammed himself. Since Iran’s Islamic Revolution in 1979 Sri Lanka’s Muslims have become more orthodox and more determined to stand apart from their fellow countrymen and consequently few now visit Sri Pada. But old traditions die hard. Recently an acquaintance of mine while half way up the mountain, encountered two men in distinct Middle Eastern attire. He talked with them and was told that they were both from Oman and while on business in Colombo had decided to go to Sri Pada. One of the Omanis also said that his grandfather had made the pilgrimage in the 1930’s.
Hindu reverence for Sri Pada and its sacred footprint was mainly confined to South India and even there does not seem to have been very strong or widespread. Ibn Batuta was accompanied on his pilgrimage by four Hindu yogis who went yearly, four Brahmins and ten companions of the king of Jaffna, indicating that at least in the 14th century it was popular with Hindus living in the northern part of Sri Lanka. Hindus actually controlled the shrines on the sacred mountain at one time. In 1581 the crown prince of Kandy murdered his father and proclaimed himself King Rajasinghe I. When he asked the Buddhist monks how he could expunge the evil kamma he had made they, to their credit, told him that like everyone else he would have to take responsibility for his own actions. This was not what he wanted to hear. The brahmin priests on the other hand were only to willing to perform a puja to help the king ease his guilty conscience and so he converted to Hinduism. The Buddhist monks were driven off Sri Pada, it was handed to the brahmin priests and they administered it for the next 160 years.
How did Sri Pada and its mysterious footprint become so widely known from such an early period? Sri Lanka is situated right on the main sea route between east and west, the so called Silk Road of the Sea. From at least the 3d century BCE Arab ships were sailing to the south and east coasts of India and four hundred years later Roman ships were joining them. From perhaps the 4th or 5th CE century Chinese and Javanese were coming to India from the other direction. When all these mariners sailed passed Sri Lanka or landed on its shores they could see the sacred mountain quite clearly. The Mahabharata describes Sri Pada from the sea as “an exceedingly wondrous sight, which is endowed with supreme splendour”. Idris, court geographer to King Roger of Sicily, writing in 1154 says “…it is so elevated that it can be seen several journeys out to sea”. Ibn Batuta wrote that he saw the mountain “rising into the heavens like a pillar of smoke” nine days out. While this is certainly an exaggeration it is true that Sri Pada can be seen rising above the horizon nearly eighty miles before the coastline comes into view. For those sailing across the Indian Ocean from the barren coasts of Ethiopia or Arabia the mountains blue-green spire must have been a welcome sign that they were about to arrive in a safe harbour. For centuries navigators used Sri Pada to get a bearing. It was these men, sailors, merchants and adventures who took the legends and stories about Sri Pada to the furthermost corners of the known world.
Sri Pada’s religious associations, its height and its great natural beauty have long made it a favourite with writers and poets and its glories are celebrated in the literature of a dozen languages. The most famous such work is the Sumantakutavannana, a Pali poem composed in the 13th cent by Veheda Thera. Some twenty of the poems’ verses are devoted to praising the mountains silvan beauty. The Salalihini Sandesa (15th cent) is a similar work but in Sinhalese while the Suvul Sandesa (16th cent) is a poem beseeching Samanta to protect Sri Lanka and her king. Sri Pada often figures in the Sanskrit literature of India. The Anargharaghava, a 9th century retelling of the Ramayana, has Rama in his magic chariot flying back to Ayudha pointing towards the south and saying to Sita, “There appears to view the Island of Simhala, a blue lotus arising from the ocean, made even more beautiful by the filaments of the Mount of Jewels”. There is a delightful verse in the Sukitmuktavali where gems from the foot of the mountain, about to be carried away to be made into king’s crowns and queen’s diadems bid a cheerful farewell to the mountain. In the 9th century play the Balaramayana, the king of Sri Lanka is called “the Lord of the Mountain of Jewels, Rohana”. The Rajataragani, written in Kashmir in the 11th century, includes a tale about the mythological King Meghavahana who came to Sri Lanka to receive homage from Vibhisana the lord of the Raksasas and then climbed Sri Pada. In other works Sri Pada is used as an exotic destination or a colourful backdrop. In The Thousand and One Nights, written in Persia between the 9th and 13th centuries, it is one of the strange places that Sinbad visited. “I made, by way of devotion, a pilgrimage to the place where Adam was confined after his banishment from Paradise, and had curiosity to go to the top of the mountain”. In the Tamil epic Manimekela one character describes her pilgrimage to Sri Lanka “where stands the lofty Mount Samanta, on whose summit are the footprints of the Buddha, that ship of righteousness for traversing the ocean of birth and death”. The sacred mountain also gets a mention in the old Malay version of the Ramayana, in Buzurg Ibn Shahriyar’s Book of the Wonders of India and even in the 14th century apocryphal Voyages and Travels of Sir John Manderville. Sri Pada’s most recent appearance in literature is in Arthur C Clarks science fiction novel Fountains of Paradise.
WHEN TO GO
The pilgrims season to Sri Pada traditionally starts on the full moon of December and ends on the full moon of April . It takes a while for the crowds to build up but by the second half of the season they can be very large so it is best to go earlier. Weekends and particularly full moon days are always crowded and should be avoided. Most people make the climb at night so they can arrive in time for the sunrise. Alternatively, you can climb up during the day, stay overnight and go down the next morning. This way you can avoid the crowds, climb at a leisurely pace, have plenty of time to enjoy the view, see the sunset and get the best place to observe the sunrise in the morning. Accommodation on the summit is basic and you would have to bring your own food and perhaps a blanket or sleeping bag. However, whenever you decide to go, check the weather report before setting out. Rain can make for a miserable trip and it is more likely that cloud or mist will obscure the view.
HOW TO GET THERE
In ancient times the only way to approach Sri Pada was from Ratnapura, the City of Gems. When Sinhalese civilisation moved to the central highlands after the 13th century and the forests began to be cleared, two other paths, one from Uva and another from Kehelgamuva, also came into use. These two paths ceased to be used at least a hundred years ago and indeed they can hardly be traced today. After the British began building roads through the highlands in the middle of the 19th century the Hatton path became and remains the most popular pilgrims route to the mountain. There are several ways to get to Hatton. You can take a bus from the Colombo Bus Stand. Alternatively you can take a bus from Kandy’s Goods Shed Bus Dept which is situated just past the Post Office. Once at Hatton take one of the numerous private buses to the foot of the mountain, a distance of about 33 kilometres. Hatton is also on the main Colombo-Kandy-Nuwara Eliya railway line so it is possible to get there by train. The more adventurous traveller might consider taking the Hatton path up and the Ratnapura path down. This second path is thickly forested for its entire length, crosses numerous streams and is definitely only for those used to trekking. There are few food stalls on the way so it can be a good idea to bring water and something to eat. It is at least a five hour trek to the first village, Sripadagama from where regular buses go to Ratnapura.
WHAT TO BRING
Whether making the assent by day or night it can be an arduous climb, so bring only what you are likely to need. There are food and drink stalls all the way up the Hatton path but prices are considerably higher than normal so you might like to bring your own snacks and water. You are likely to be warm during the climb itself but you can get very cold while waiting for the sunrise at the summit, so bring warm cloths. If the weather is uncertain an umbrella or rain coat will be useful. A pair of binoculars if you have them will also be most useful.
WHAT TO SEE
From the bus stop to the summit the Hatton path is about 3 kilometres long and if there are no delays, takes about four hours to climb. For some way both sides of the path are lined with stalls and shops selling all manner of things. Among the junk for sale you will notice small booklets of poems, songs and verses that have traditionally been sung by pilgrims making the assent. The assent proper starts at the great Makhura Gateway some way from the bus stop. Beyond this point you will notice that much of the path consists of cement or rough stones stairs and that the whole way is illuminated with electric lights. The story behind the electrification of the path is an interesting one.
Since the inauguration of the Norton Bridge Hydro Scheme in 1924 the project had been plagued by one problem after another, delays, strikes and several bad accidents. When the contractors eventually requested to pull out it looked as if the project would never be completed. Finally on the 2nd November 1947 Sir John Kotelawala, then minister of works and later to become prime minister, made a vow to Samanta that if the project was finished soon and without further mishaps, he would electrify the paths up the mountain. The workers’ morale shot up, accidents ceased, the scheme was successfully completed and Sir John was able to fulfil his vow.
Before the light were installed pilgrims had to provide their own illumination, candles or hurricane lamps and before that “tubes filled with a resinous substance… giving out a strong flaming blaze when lighted”. William Skeen describe the dramatic impression created by these burning torches as he looked down from the summit during his visit to Sri Pada in the 1860’s. “The heavens above were clear, the stars were shining bright, and the glorious full-orbed moon was scarcely passed its zenith. From the Peak, ablaze with light to Heramitipana station similarly lighted up, the whole of the pilgrims path was filled as it were, with a living chain of fire, connecting the two points together and formed by the torches of the multitudes going to and fro”.
As you proceed you will pass numerous danasalas offering shelter, medical assistance and sometimes food and water to pilgrims. The tradition of offering hospitality to pilgrims is an ancient one in Sri Lanka. The Mahavamsa records this concerning King Vijayabahu (1058-1114). “Saying ,’Let no one endure hardship who goeth along the difficult pathways to worship the Footprint of the Chief of Sages on Samantakuta Mountain’, he caused the village of Gilimalaya which abounds in rice fields and other lands, to be granted to supply pilgrims with food. And at the Kadatigama road and at the Uva road he built rest houses”. Pilgrims going to Sri Pada traditionally greet each other by saying ‘Karunava’ meaning ‘Compassion to you’. If you say this to the people you meet you are sure to get a warm smile and a similar greeting in return.
The Sama Chatiya
After a while you will come to the Sama Chatiya, the World Peace Pagoda. This stupa was built by the famous Japanese Buddhist monk Ven Nichi Fuji in 1976 and is maintained by several Japanese monks. At night there is little to see but during the day the brilliant white stupa stands out dramatically against the vast grey cliff behind it.
The Bhagava Cave
About 150 feet from the summit, just next to the last tea shop, is the Bhagava Cave. To get there climb on to the retaining wall and just walk into the undergrowth for a few yards. For centuries this cave was the only refuge for pilgrims caught on the mountain at night and for those seeking shelter from storms. Acetic monks used to spend the nine months of the off season up here, completely isolated from the world below, living off wild fruit, herbs and moss. There are two inscriptions on the wall of the Bhagava Cave. The first was written by King Nissankamalla (1187-1196) when he climbed Sri Pada during one of the many tours he made of his kingdom. This inscription records the improvements he made to the path up the mountain and the generous gifts he offered to its shrines. To the left of the inscription is the figure of a man in the gesture of reverence, probably a portrait of the king. Further to the left is yet another inscription. Written in Arabic in the 13th century it reads, “Mohammed, may Allah bless him…the father of Mankind”. There is another cave on the slopes of Sri Pada, the Divaguha, where the Buddha is said to have rested. It is referred to in many ancient sources but to this day it has not been located.
The Sacred Footprint
There is little to see on the top of Sri Pada, a few buildings, the belfry with the bell that people traditionally ring once for each time they have made the pilgrimage, the shrine to Samanta and right next to it, the shrine over the sacred footprint. It is to worship at this last place that people throughout the centuries have risked hardship and danger to come to Sri Pada. Nearly as much has been written about the sacred footprint as has been about the mountain itself. According to Giovani de Marigolli, “The size, I mean the length thereof, is two and a half of our palms, about half a Prague ell. And I was not the only one to measure it , for so did another pilgrim, a Saracen from Spain”. Robert Knox, an Englishman who lived in Sri Lanka in the 17th century, wrote that it was “about two feet long”. John Ribeyeo in his account of Sri Lanka presented to the king of Portugal in 1687 claimed that the footprint “could not be more perfect had it been done in wax” and in 1859 James Emerson Tennent described it as “a natural hollow artificially enlarged, exhibiting the rude outline of a foot about five foot long”. Obviously peoples perception of the sacred footprint differ according to their expectations and their faith, or lack thereof. Look carefully and see what you think of it. Remember also that the footprint is an object of great religious significance to Buddhists so an attitude of quiet respect while near it and indeed throughout your stay on the summit is appropriate.
The View and The Sunrise
Sri Pada is not actually very high but its steep sides and the many lower mountains surrounding it give the impression of exceptional loftiness. It is sometimes possible to watch from above as clouds silently drift past. James Emerson Tennent’s description says it all. “The panorama from the summit of Adam’s Peak is perhaps the grandest in the world, as no other mountain, although surpassing it in altitude , presents the same unobstructed view over land and sea. Around it, to the north and east, the traveller looks down on the zone of lofty hills that encircle the Kandyan kingdom, whilst to the westward the eye is carried far over undulating plains, threaded by rivers like cords of silver, till in the purple distance the glitter of the sunbeams on the sea mark the line of the Indian Ocean”
Every morning a series of intriguing phenomena can be observed from the summit of Sri Pada. Just before sunrise everyone will assemble on the eastern side of the summit waiting for the sun. When it appears it seems to leap over the horizon rather than rise gradually. At this moment the more pious people will shout ‘Sadhu!’ an exclamation meaning ‘It is good’. The Sinhalese say that the sun is paying homage to the Buddha’s footprint. Then everyone will move to the western side of the mountain. Join them and you will see the perfectly triangular shadow of the mountain laying over the landscape. Sometimes if there is a light mist the shadow will appear to stand upright. Within moments, as the sun climbs higher, the shadow will move rapidly towards the base of the mountain and finally disappear. This phenomena is supposed to occur in only one other place in the world, somewhere in Arizona.
The Ancient Chains
Go to the stairs leading down to Ratnapura and descend about a hundred feet. You will notice that soon the stairs become very steep. Everywhere else the hand rails are helpful, here they are absolutely necessary. On the right you will notice large chains riveted into the rock. In the thousand or so years that the Ratnapura path was the only way up the mountain these chains assisted the final assent and they are mentioned in most ancient accounts of Sri Pada. The Muslims believed they were put here by Alexander the Great. The Zaffer Namah Sekanderi, a 15th century Persian poem celebrating the exploits of Alexander says “he fixed thereto chains with rings and rivets made of iron and brass, the remains of which exist even today, so that travellers, by their assistance, are enabled to climb the mountain and obtain glory by finding the sepulchre of Adam”. In actual fact they were probably first put here by an early Sinhalese king and replaced when needed over the centuries. In 1815 Major Forbes witnessed a tragic but at that time not uncommon accident at this very place. “Several natives were blown over the precipice, and yet continued clinging to one of the chains during a heavy gust of wind; but in such a situation, no assistance could be rendered, and they all perished”.
C. W. Nicholas, Historical Topography Of Ancient and Medieval Ceylon, Colombo, 1963.
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, Foreign Notices of South India, Madras, 1939.
W. Skeen, Adam’s Peak, Colombo, 1870.
H. Yule, Cathay and the Way Thither, Vols I-IV, 1913-16.
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- About Digital Windham
- 1910 Willimantic
- Browse Exhibits
- Browse Items
The area known today as Windham and Willimantic had been a land inhabited by Native people for thousands of years. According to archaeologists, the earliest evidence of occupation in this region occurred between 15,000 to 9,000 years ago during the Paleo-Indian Period. Paleo-Indian sites have been found in Southeastern Connecticut and the artifacts found there suggest Indigenous people lived in small, highly mobile communities, relying on hunting big game such as caribou. The Archaic period occurred between 9,000 to 2,500 years ago and are among the most common early sites in eastern Connecticut, which point to seasonal mobility and the use of diversified tool kits which suggest a wide range of subsistence activities. The Woodland period extended from around 2,500 years ago through the 17th century and was distinguished by the introduction of maize (corn), the development of horticulture, and the adoption of bow and arrow technology - for a sample of such artifacts, see the Fishkin Native American Lithic Collection. Native populations expanded and communities adopted more sedentary villages but maintained seasonal mobility. Although there is little known about Willimantic and Northeast Connecticut prior to the 1660's, the Willimantic River and its confluence with the Shetucket might have been Native boundaries, perhaps between the Mohegan and Nipmuc groups, with current day Willimantic likely inhabited by the Nipmuc people. The area was claimed as Mohegan land in the years following the Pequot War of 1636-1637, along with much of Eastern Connecticut. The name Willimantic River, which in turn gave name to the European settlement on its banks, is of Algonquian origin. Its exact meaning is unclear but this place name likely refers to “good cedar swamp” or “where the river winds about a bold hill.”
Rise of Windham and Willimantic, 1633-1795
Eastern's first Digital Windham course (HIS 388) explored Willimantic's more recent history, and was co-taught by Drs. Kirchmann and Ostwald in Fall of 2020. Over the course of the semester, students researched and created timelines of key events in the town's history. Eastern History and American Studies graduate Allen Horn ('21) compared and edited those into the interactive timelines below. Individual student contributions are credited in the Items records.
You can navigate the timelines either by clicking on the > arrow, dragging the mini-timeline at the bottom of the image, or clicking on specific events in the mini-timeline.
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The Empire State Building in New York City is one of the most famous landmarks in the United States and one of the world's renowned skyscrapers. Here is some important information about the Empire State Building:
Architectural Features: The Empire State Building was constructed in 1931 and stands at a height of 1,454 feet (approximately 443 meters). It was once the tallest building in the world until surpassed by the World Trade Center Twin Towers in the 1970s. It features a distinctive Art Deco style and was a modern architectural marvel of its time.
Location: The Empire State Building is located at the intersection of 34th Street and Fifth Avenue on Manhattan Island, situated in the heart of New York City, offering magnificent views of the city.
Observation Decks: The building has observation decks on the 86th and 102nd floors, providing breathtaking panoramic views of the city and the surrounding area. These observation decks attract a large number of visitors, allowing them to marvel at the beauty of New York City.
Film and Television: The Empire State Building has appeared in numerous films and television shows, including notable works like "Captain America" and "Sleepless in Seattle." It has become an iconic symbol of American culture.
Night Illumination: The Empire State Building is lit up in spectacular colored lights every evening, often with themed lighting displays for special holidays or events. This makes it a visual focal point of New York City at night.
Historical Significance: The Empire State Building was an engineering marvel when it was built, representing optimism during the Great Depression era. It held the title of the world's tallest building for over 40 years and is still considered a masterpiece in American architectural history.
The Empire State Building in New York is a building of deep historical and cultural significance, attracting tourists and New York City residents alike to visit and admire its magnificent architecture and stunning views.
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Guest post by Renee Kemper of Element Associates
It is that time of year. That time when the leaves are changing, the ground is covered in a sheet of different shades of orange, red and brown, and the smell of campfires fills the air. Maybe you are thinking of gathering up your things in hopes for a weekend getaway in the woods. Because this is perfect weather for camping, after all. But before you head out on your journey to get away from civilization and relish nature, please remember how important it is to take care of that very nature you are about to enjoy.
Although most of us don’t behave this way intentionally, each year we learn of devastating wildfires caused by careless behavior which can impact millions of acres of forest and thousands of homes. Although four out of five wildfires are started by people, nature is usually more than happy to help fan the flames.
In 2014 there were 7,933 wildfires caused by lightning, but 55,679 wildfires caused by human error (as reported to the National Interagency Fire Center).
In 2014 more than 3.5 million acres burned due to wildfires in the U.S. of those, more than 1.5 million acres burned due to human-caused wildfires.
Wildfires can have a devastating effect on the environment. Uncontrolled blazes fueled by weather, wind, and dry underbrush, wildfires can burn acres of land—and consume everything in their paths—in mere minutes. Not to mention, it will ruin the very piece of nature that you are setting out to enjoy.
So before you set out on your weekend adventure to explore and enjoy nature. Please join me in taking the Smokey Bear Pledge!
I pledge to:
• BE SMART WHENEVER I GO OUTDOORS
• To use caution and common sense before lighting any fire.
• To understand that any fire I or my friends create could become a wildfire.
• To understand and practice proper guidelines whenever I or my friends create a fire outdoors.
• To never, ever leave any fire unattended.
• To make sure any fire that I or my friends create is properly and completely extinguished before moving on.
• To properly extinguish and discard of smoking materials.
• To be aware of my surroundings and be careful when operating equipment during periods of dry or hot weather.
• To speak up and step in when I see someone in danger of starting a wildfire.
Learn how to build a SAFE campfire to prevent wildfires
See how easily burning debris can start a wildfire
Understand how proper equipment maintenance can reduce wildfires
Safety is not only important indoors, but also around your property and community
Community Fire Safety
How to prevent and detect fires inside your home
Home Fire Safety
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Fort Henness (1855-1856) - A large stockade with two blockhouses first established in 1855 during the Washington Indian Wars by Grand Mound Prairie settlers in Thurston County, Washington. Named after Captain Benjamin I. Henness, Washington Territorial Volunteers. Abandoned as a fortification about 1856.
The Grand Mound settlers called their stockade, Fort Henness, named for Captain Benjamin L. Henness, a local settler. A monument marks the spot across from the cemetery on Mound Prairie. More than 240 adults and children from 30 families occupied Fort Henness for 16 months from the spring of 1855 to the summer of 1856.
Construction of the stockade began by digging a rectangular trench 100 x 130 feet and four feet deep. Trees 12-16 inches in diameter were cut down and sawed them into 16 feet lengths and then lined up vertically on the outer edge of the trench.
Two blockhouses were built on opposing corners with a 3-4-foot overhang over the stockade wall. Gun slits were bored at regular intervals. Each family lived in a lean-to built against the outer stockade walls. There was a well dug in the meeting room at the center of the fort, which also included a separate school room and a separate barracks for single men.
Marker and plan sign at the fort site across from the Grand Mound Cemetery Entrance. A separate Masonic marker is also on the site but does not appear to be fort related.
Visited: 22 Sep 2015
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Men who carry the human papillomavirus (HPV) have a higher risk of HIV infection. New data published in the Journal Aids indicate that infection with HPV is associated with a higher risk of infection with HIV, a precursor to Aids.
While the links between HPV infection and HIV in women have been widely studied, data about similar associations among men is limited.
The study, conducted in Kisumu, Kenya by researchers from the University of North Carolina, adds to mounting evidence showing a higher risk of HIV infections among individuals with genital HPV infections.
Men in the study with at least one occurrence of HPV infection faced double the risk of acquiring HIV, while those with three or more HPV infections had more than three times the risk of developing HIV. This pattern was consistent in both circumcised and uncircumcised men.
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On this International World Water Day, Human Right 2 Water is excited to be launching its manual on the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA)– A practical guide for the realisation of the human rights to water and sanitation through programming.
The integration of HRBA in development projects has accelerated over the years and proven to be effective. HRBA is a common framework that seeks to further human rights by incorporating the application of human rights principles in all steps of projects or programming. At the heart of HRBA lies the aspiration to support the capacities of rights-holders to claim their rights and duty-bearers to fulfil their human rights obligations. Emphasis is placed on ensuring action to support the marginalised and vulnerable. As such, the human rights cross-cutting principles of equality and non-discrimination, participation and inclusion, access to information, accountability and sustainability are utilised to guide the entire project management cycle.
In supporting the realisation of the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation (HRWS), these principles are employed in conjunction with the normative criteria of the human rights to water and sanitation (availability, accessibility, affordability, quality, acceptability) to strengthen capacities of both rights-holders and duty-bearers and generate sustainable outcomes. This comprehensive approach is particularly important with water and sanitation as many projects tend to concentrate on the quantity (availability) and quality criteria, rather than addressing all components of the HRWS, including such criteria as accessibility (particularly for the persons with disabilities), acceptability (very important to preserve dignity and safety for women and girls) and affordability (making sure that any pricing allows for all people, especially the most vulnerable, to be able to afford safely managed water and sanitation).
This guide is directed to all water and sanitation practitioners, and it seeks to provide a methodology and tools to integrate a Human-Rights based approach (HRBA) in all types of water- and sanitation-related development programmes. Through this manual, development cooperation agencies, civil society, non-governmental organisations, and anyone working in water and sanitation, will be able to find a simplified a set of instructions and a collection of checklists to ensure that the HRBA is being upheld in and throughout their activities.
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Space-Based Ocean Environmental Protection & Global Maritime Awareness
In the past few years a revolution has occurred in space-based Earth observation systems and, led by the space-based Automatic Identification System (AIS), their utility throughout the world’s waterways has increased dramatically. These capabilities not only increase safety and security but also significantly assist economic and environmental stewardship. Potential contributions of space-based Earth observation systems to all facets of global maritime awareness are of growing interest. This includes naval and law enforcement forces, environmental preservationists, ship operators and brokers, as well as others in the maritime industry. Much of this increased utility can be attributed to S-AIS (Satellite-AIS), but it is not alone. Just as GPS was originally designed to assist in improving accuracy of U.S submarine-launched ballistic missiles (but has now become ubiquitous), space-based AIS was conceived as an anti-terrorism tool. However, as the system evolved so has the thinking regarding its wide range of uses. Although it’s only one tool needed for global maritime awareness, it’s the enabler for the rest of the set.
But, more than just tools are needed. Indeed, it is widely recognized that no one country has the stature, breadth and depth to protect the world’s oceanic environment, commerce and finite resources of the seas, especially its fish and oil. It will take international collaboration and cooperation on a nearly unparalleled scale to assure the safe, secure and equitable use of Earth’s oceans. This effort, while simple in concept, has such a range of entities and interests involved that it may need to be managed by an agency of the United Nations. The core need, as well as the greatest opportunities for international collaboration, is to focus on the technology required to detect, identify and track vessels offshore. That technology exists today, but it is scattered among a range of nations with little coordination in its use. The one exception is several successful demonstrations within the past five years to examine the feasibility of global maritime awareness from space.
One primary step nations could take is the creation of a global space partnership (GSP) initially focused on the maritime domain. This concept has been informally discussed for some time by many people, especially those in countries with large, exposed shorelines, such as Canada, Norway, Japan and Italy. It has also been discussed by those with a history of environmental damage caused by intentional or unintentional dumping of oil, like Ireland. The maritime focused portion of GSP is called “Collaboration in Space for International Global Maritime Awareness (C-SIGMA)”. It is certainly recognized that GSP would have much broader capabilities than just the maritime domain. However, many recognize the critical vulnerabilities of the world’s maritime assets and the huge economic impact their loss could generate, thus the pressing need for better awareness of the global maritime domain.
Increased awareness starts with better ocean and coastal surveillance – points borne out twice recently. First is the recent widespread recognition that piracy is alive and well in the 21st Century and is a growing, not diminishing, threat. Second is the terrible November 2008 attack on Mumbai, India’s largest city, when 10 of 11 attackers came ashore in inflatable speedboats. Needless to say, such events bring attention to the need for better maritime awareness. Many practitioners and researchers have come to believe that unclassified space systems play a crucial role in any effective maritime awareness system. However, space systems cannot do it all. Collaboration and coordination with terrestrial systems as well as mining and analysis of data contained in hundreds, if not thousands, of databases is also needed. Likewise, it is recognized that coordination is needed all the way down to responding tactical units. However, those are wholly different issues that will not be addressed here, except to be acknowledged.
Oil may be the world’s lifeblood, but oceanic commerce is its backbone, if not the entire skeleton. While the Sept. 11, 2001, attack on the United States did not have a maritime component, it did serve as a wake-up call in many venues, not just within the U.S. World maritime entities – military, civil and private – evaluated their situation in the new reality and quickly understood the vulnerabilities and potential consequences. Since then, a number of national and international organizations have addressed how to protect maritime assets, both individually and, in growing numbers, collectively. Most saw increased maritime domain awareness (MDA) as a critical component of the smooth functioning of commerce on the world’s oceans, the crucial supporting frame of the world’s economy. Added to the threats of piracy and sea-borne attacks is the growing realization that misuse and mistreatment of oceans is causing significant environmental damage. Coupled with oil and fish theft, this is leading to substantial loss of economic resources. Therefore, a wide variety of organizations either have or are developing systems and concepts of operations (ConOps) to deal with regional, if not global, maritime awareness.
Thus, the potential, unique contributions of current and planned commercial space systems from a wide range of nations to international maritime awareness is a subject of growing interest to many. No one country has the stature, breadth and depth to successfully organize a meaningful coalition to protect oceanic commerce, the maritime environment and the broad range of individuals who use the maritime domain for a multitude of endeavors, including profit, conveyance and recreation. The only organization that has addressed a task similar in scope is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which works to ensure smooth and safe functioning of the civilian aviation industry. And, that effort took almost 40 years to reach full functionality after the need was first articulated in 1909. Because the maritime domain has been an integral part of the world’s commerce and conveyance systems for thousands of years, it may be much harder to create the needed organization to regulate it.
The political aspects of forging that type collaboration are the real challenge. Still, a tangible goal, working towards both technical and policy aspects, will assist in focusing political and policy discussions. Building C-SIGMA is one such attainable goal. The two critical segments of that universal awareness are shared surveillance assets and a universal common operational picture (COP). Many are already working the COP issue with such programs as Cooperative Nations Information Exchange System (CNIES), Virtual Regional Maritime Tracking Center-Automated (VRMTC-A), Regional Maritime Awareness Capability (RMAC) and the Maritime Safety and Security Information System (MSSIS). Fewer are looking at the front end of the chain – the sensor end. One needs to look at both in balance. This article tries to restore that balance by focusing on the why and how of developing required surveillance assets.
Most maritime concepts of operations assume some form of layered zones of surveillance and defense from well offshore to point defense of high-value targets within ports and adjacent waterways. Generally, more zones exist between those two zones, including approaches and coastal zones. The end game – protection of high value targets – is a major goal. Those high-value targets include not just significant ships but also port infrastructure or other targets of high economic, political or military value. These include power plants, sewage treatment facilities, chemical plants, critical bridges, historic monuments and the like. This greatly compounds the problem, but every bit of defense helps. Early warning is critical. However, the heretofore emphasis on port surveillance systems indicates many do not understand the criticality of early warning and the need for it to begin far offshore, if not actually with the surveillance of supporting shore infrastructure across the seas. For illegal acts committed on the high seas, such as oil dumping or fish theft, focus needs to be well offshore with timely warning critical if one is going to react in time to apprehend wrong doers.
Many different groups have studied what collection systems (platforms and sensors) are needed to support maritime domain awareness and what technology is available or will be in the near future. Thus, despite whatever specific concept of operations is finally agreed to by all concerned, the basic technology to carry it out is reasonably well understood. It is possible that the numbers and types of collection systems, methods by which data will be fused and analyzed, display and decision aids and exactly what the decision making sequence will be may change slightly. But, the basic technological choices remain pretty much the same. C-SIGMA is a paradigm shift in that until very recently few considered space systems in this manner. Indeed, in the realm of international collaboration the data from such surveillance systems could be put to very different uses by each international participant. Environmental protection is certainly high on many people’s lists.
Maritime Domain Awareness requirements span areas from coastal and harbor surveillance and warning to persistent and pervasive surveillance of the broad ocean area. The bottom line is that users will need “systems of systems” in each zone. No doubt much can be gained by netting what is now available to build a collaborative information environment, with a user-definable interface, to arrive at a robust operational picture tunable to particular needs. Hurdles to overcome in this area are now more policy derived than technology challenges.
However, a fact largely ignored by many is that nations need to better use the currently available space systems if stakeholders are going to provide persistent and pervasive surveillance of all areas needed to establish Maritime Domain Awareness. Doubtless, users also need the means to process, fuse, analyze, display and disseminate available data, to make accurate decisions and to interdict any suspicious vessel before they enter ports or approach anything of value. But, more information is necessary at the front end of the Detect-Analyze-Decide-Act (DADA) chain for success in most scenarios.
The most promising class of systems for pervasive ocean surveillance is provided by satellites operated by a broad range of U.S., Canadian and other foreign governments and civilian organizations. As indicated earlier, no one system or type of system can do it all. This is true even when considering the most sophisticated space systems. Indeed, at least four basic types of space-based systems need to be used in conjunction with each other. Two of the four employ active sensors and include:
- Synthetic aperture radar satellites (SARSats) and
- Electro Optical (EO) Imaging satellites.
The other two are based on communications systems and include:
- Individual Transponders linked to Communications Satellites (e. g. Iridium, ORBCOMM, etc.) and
- Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) – a system originally designed for collision avoidance and navigation safety but which is now being used as a primary ship tracking system.
It is important to consider these four types of satellite systems. The Canadian government currently operates two SARSats in a public-private partnership with McDonald, Dettwiler & Associates. It launched the first one in 1996, and it has been sufficiently successful that a much more capable system, RADARSAT 2, was launched in late 2007. Canada is expected to launch an additional three to six radar-equipped satellites within the next decade. These systems operate in five basic modes and at low resolution have very wide sensor swaths. Most, if not all, of the forthcoming three to six SARSats will be equipped with AIS receivers. Germany, Italy, India, Japan and Israel have all launched radar satellites, and several other countries are moving in that direction as well. SAR sensors can see through cloud cover and detect vessels and their wakes day or night. Software has been developed to exploit the products from a range of different satellite types, both SAR and optical. While only about 10 truly civilian SAR systems currently exist in orbit today, several companies/countries plan to add more.
The next types of systems – EO satellites – are also operated by a number of countries and companies. Their capabilities have expanded to the point where even a layman can look at an image and immediately recognize a specific building and, in many cases, tell which types of cars (trucks, sedans, convertibles, etc.) are parked in its lots.
The third type of satellite are the communications transponder systems, such as those carried on InMarSat, Iridium, Global Star, ORBCOMM and other communications satellites. Fishing vessel owners and other types of highly mobile platforms employ these systems to maintain active track of their assets for a variety of reasons. For example, fishing vessels must be able to prove they did not go into restricted waters. Tugboat companies need to be able to track their assets on a near hourly basis for business purposes. Many other companies employ these self-reporting systems for other valid business, security and/or safety reasons.
The fourth type is a new type of space-based system. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) designed the Automatic Identification System (AIS) as a collision avoidance and traffic management system. AIS is now a universal requirement for all commercial vessels more than 300 tons (about 100 ft.) and all vessels carrying passengers. AIS automatically provides the names, course, speed, size, depth and other information items to all similarly equipped vessels within line-of-sight of their vessel. In October 2001 the author of this article recognized that if AIS could be collected from space it would revolutionize how ships were tracked worldwide. After a number of false starts, the author was able to get the United States Coast Guard to fund development of a very capable AIS collector onboard an ORBCOMM communications satellite. On June 19, 2008, the company launched that satellite and considered the idea so compelling that it launched five more of its own at the same time. It has announced plans to launch at least 21 more. Several companies and countries have also launched AIS collectors. COMDEV of Canada also quickly recognized the potential of space-based AIS and has now created a spin-off company, exactEarth, to develop and market a constellation of its own AIS collectors. Several other countries and companies are also planning to launch more. Thus, a growing capability exists, which will only increase, to track the ship safety and identification beacon on a worldwide scale. The initial results of these efforts are very promising.
On the Ground Developments
What to do with all of this data? Canada, for one, has developed its own ship-detection software called “OceanSuite,” and the various satellite processors have been designed to complement each other to optimize ship-detection performance. The European community is also working to leverage their resources. The four-satellite COSMOS SKYMED SAR constellation will be part of the future MUSIS (Multinational Space-based Imaging System), which will combine the resources and space assets of Italy, Belgium, Greece, Germany, France and Spain while other European countries could still join. The rest of the space-faring world has taken note and discussions are underway in a number of locales.
The United States has also been active in this area. A large player in the area of U.S. civilian space for Maritime Awareness is the Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing (CSTARS) at the University of Miami. The University, in cooperation with Vexcel Corp. of Boulder, Colo., developed “OceanView™,” a software program allowing for rapid analysis of any commercial imaging system to determine if vessels were imaged. It can generally tell the size, type, course and speed of the vessel imaged from most civilian space-borne sensors. Several organizations are working to improve processing of the images. These organizations hope to gain additional access points by establishing mobile downlink sites in new places. This is important because timeliness of reporting is dictated by the time between recognizing the need to collect data in a specific area, the tasking of the satellite, the collection of data by satellite and its down-link to an earth station for processing and reporting. Downlink sites in places like the Indian Ocean, South America, East Asia and other locations across the world allow for wider collection opportunities and timelier reporting, which are a requirement for a truly worldwide system. A global consortium of nations would make this an easier problem to solve.
Although no one system can do it all, a judicious mix of the above systems should allow partner nations to detect, identify, track and interdict nearly all vessels approaching their coasts. Indeed, no silver bullet exists, but some effective copper and silicon ones, and space systems are the key. Stakeholders just need to collaborate on an international scale in order to realize their potential.
International communities in both global maritime and space segments already cooperate with each other in many ways. The international space station launched in 1998, and still going strong, is a major case in point. Another is IALA and IMO. C-SIGMA proposes that international maritime and space communities take the next step, which is to set in motion the process needed both to build broad agreement and to establish an international body to manage, construct and run a Global Space Partnership
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<urn:uuid:a0068143-6e65-4e1b-825b-39e431ba3d76>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://livebettermagazine.com/article/space-based-ocean-environmental-protection-c-sigma-global-maritime-awareness/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00600.warc.gz
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en
| 0.951818 | 3,502 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Destroyer HMS Småland (J19)
The destroyer Småland is the largest warship in Scandinavia preserved in a museum. She was built at Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad in Gothenburg in 1952, handed over to the Swedish navy in 1956 and retired from service in 1979. When the two cruisers Tre Kronor and Göta Lejon (Sweden’s largest warships ever) were decommissioned after a relatively short period of service, partly for cost reasons, the Halland destroyers became the navy’s largest and most powerful warships, until they were decommissioned. On delivery, they were also the world’s first destroyers with sea-to-sea missiles. The crew during peacetime was 272 men.
In crew accomodation D onboard the destroyer you can find the temporary exhibition Remembering Lampedusa. The exhibition tells the story about the tragic ship wreck on the Mediterranean sea, where at least 359 persons lost their lives in October of 2013. Remembering Lampedusa will be available for visits until Nov 1 2020. Make sure to visit before then!
Maritiman arranges events for small groups in both the officers’ mess and the senior boatswain’s mess. You will find more information about our naval events here!
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<urn:uuid:d09fa2e5-ff9b-4e85-a50e-aced63d9eafa>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://m.maritiman.se/en/fleet/destroyer-smaland
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en
| 0.96041 | 273 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Finally, the medical establishment is recognizing that a plant-based diet could be an effective means of treating and preventing conditions ranging from high cholesterol to cancer. Kaiser Permanente, one of the largest health care organizations in the United States, recently released an update recommending that their entire network of physicians—that’s more than 17,000 doctors!—recommend a health, plant-based diet to their patients.
But will those physicians put it into practice?
Why Doctors Recommend Drugs Instead of a Plant-Based Diet
Despite the wealth of evidence supporting a whole-food, plant-based diet as an effective, safe, and affordable way to prevent and even reverse ailments, many doctors don’t discuss nutrition with their patients. Why? The reason may not be what you think.
Certainly the pharmaceutical industry is one factor that influences our doctors. Health care professionals can make tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars on top of their normal salary simply by promoting certain drugs. It’s quite possible, however, that the real reason doctors often avoid discussing dietary interventions is something else entirely.
When It Comes to Nutrition, Doctors Deem Themselves “Inadequate”
Study after study has shown the powerful, far-reaching effects of diet on your overall health—but the curriculum at most medical schools does not adequately cover this vital topic. A national survey indicated that on average, medical students in the United States receive only 19.6 hours of nutritional instruction over the course of their entire medical school career! Doctors themselves are aware of the issue, too. When asked about their nutrition knowledge, a majority stated that it was “inadequate” and that they lacked the training necessary to offer nutritional guidance to their patients.
Hopefully medical schools will revise their curriculum to devote more time to nutrition, but in the meantime, The Plantrician Project is here to help.
Teaching Doctors to Use Food as Medicine
The Plantrician Project’s mission is to educate physicians about the health-promoting impact of a plant-based lifestyle. “I saw that there was no good location or conference for doctors to learn the information they needed to start teaching their patients to utilize food as medicine,” said Dr. Scott Stoll, Plantrician Project Co-founder, Board Chairman, and Chief Medical Officer. To remedy that, the Project puts on an annual International Plant-Based Health Conference where they offer continuing medical education credits for physicians, nurses, and dieticians. Topics addressed at past conferences include the science behind plant-based nutrition, techniques for helping patients to change health behaviors, and cooking techniques.
Attendees have responded enthusiastically! They’ve begun spreading the word among their colleagues. After attending the inaugural conference, Staton Awtrey, M.D., and his wife Blythe Awtrey, R.N, asked Stoll to attend Grand Rounds at Midland Memorial Hospital in Texas where they both work. The talk sparked such widespread interest and excitement among the physicians that Midland Memorial became the first hospital in the state to promote a plant-based diet as a treatment approach.
Thanks to the efforts of the Plantrician Project, physicians and healthcare providers are getting access to the knowledge they need to counsel their patients on the remarkable benefits of choosing a whole-food, plant-based lifestyle.
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<urn:uuid:c844034a-ccbc-4ca7-98a6-ece9a7476150>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://undergroundhealthreporter.com/kaiser-permanente-prescribe-plants/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00600.warc.gz
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en
| 0.962328 | 684 | 3.015625 | 3 |
This is a MYTH.
It may sound like science fiction but there is indeed a component found in human saliva that accelerates wound healing.
No, you shouldn’t start dragging your tongue over various bites, scratches and burns on your skin. As there are approximately 600 different varieties of bacteria in the mouth and more than 100 million present at any given time, literally “licking your wounds” would deliver those germs directly into your bloodstream.
Despite the humid, germ-friendly environment found in your mouth – sores, cuts, gaping wounds left behind after extractions and burns heal faster inside the mouth than any other area of the body.
Scientists have isolated a protein in saliva as the miracle healing worker. Until recently, this protein was thought to simply kill excess bacteria found throughout your mouth. Now these proteins: histatin 1 (Hst1) and histatin 2 (Hst2) have been isolated as “wound closers.”
How Saliva Is Being Used As a Wound Healer
Researchers grew cells from the inside scrapings of the human cheek in order to create a wound, then treated half with isotonic fluid – a blood-like substance – and the other half with saliva.
The saliva treated wound showed significant healing in less than one day while the other sample wounds were still “open.” Researchers then isolated each component of human saliva and finally narrowed the results down to histatin.
Gerald Weissmann, MD said, “This study explains why wounds in the mouth, like those of a tooth extraction, heal much faster than comparable wounds of the skin and bone. It also directs us to begin looking at saliva as a source for new drugs.”
Burns, traumatic injuries, diabetes and other disorders can result in chronic wound healing that take far too long to heal, leaving the body susceptible to massive infections and a weakened immune system.
Topical medicated creams based on the histatin compound may someday be as common as antibiotic ointment and burn cream.
Hope for Patients with HIV/AIDS
In a study published by the Journal of Experimental Medicine, researchers identified another protein in human saliva called thrombospondin (TSP) that blocks the growth of the HIV/AIDS viruses.
Dr. Jeffrey Laurence, Director of the Laboratory for AIDS Virus Research, explained his team’s findings, “There is so little HIV virus in saliva, while large amounts of the virus are found in other body fluids…human saliva is so effective at blocking the growth of the AIDS virus in the test tube.
TSP is effective against both laboratory-adapted strains of HIV-1 and HIV-1 patient isolates [samples taken from HIV/AIDS positive patients].”
Thrombospondin is too large to administer to patients but the much smaller TSP peptides could be used to prevent the virus from binding to immune system cells.
“TSP derivatives could potentially be used vaginally, rectally and orally in condoms, foams, suppositories, mouthwashes and toothpastes to inhibit transmission of the AIDS virus,” said Dr. Ralph Nachman, Chairman of the Department of Medicine.
The Spitting Image
Scientists agree that isolating the helpful proteins in saliva that aid in faster wound healing is the greater portion of the battle to recreate and manufacture a synthetic version. Saliva is more than 99% water, which means the quantities of these compounds are minute – and yet obviously powerful.
It was more complex than one might think to decode the composition of spit. Now the possibilities are endless.
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<urn:uuid:b638b601-815f-47d1-ba28-d3194d9d8b29>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://undergroundhealthreporter.com/wound-healing/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00600.warc.gz
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en
| 0.947289 | 747 | 3.015625 | 3 |
As we discussed previously, attachment of all influenza A virus strains to cells requires sialic acids. However, there are a number of chemically different forms of sialic acids, and influenza virus strains vary in their affinity for them. These differences may determine which animal species can be infected.
In the example shown below, sialic acid is linked to the sugar galactose by what is called an alpha(2,3) linkage. This means that the carbon atom at position number 2 of the sialic acid hexose is joined, via an oxygen atom, to the carbon at position 3 of the hexose of galactose.
Avian influenza virus strains preferentially bind to sialic acids attached to galactose via an alpha(2,3) linkage. This is the major sialic acid on epithelial cells of the duck gut. In contrast, human influenza virus strains preferentially attach to sialic acids attached to galactose by an alpha(2,6) linkage. This is the major type of sialic acid present on human respiratory epithelial cells. Alpha(2,3) linked sialic acids are found on ciliated epithelial cells, which are a minor population within the human respiratory tract, and also on some epithelial cells in the lower tract.
This receptor specificity has implications for human infection with avian influenza virus strains. For example, highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses undergo limited replication in the human respiratory tract due to the presence of some cells with alpha(2,3) linked sialic acids. However, efficient human to human transmission requires that the avian viruses recognize sialic acids with alpha(2,6) linkages. Consistent with this hypothesis, the results of studies of early influenza virus isolates from the 1918, 1957, and 1968 pandemics suggest that these viruses preferentially recognized alpha(2,6) linked sialic acids.
Epithelial cells of the pig trachea produce both alpha(2,3) and alpha(2,6) linked sialic acids. This is believed to be the reason why pigs can be infected with both avian and human influenza virus strains and serve as a ‘mixing vessel’ for the emergence of new viruses. However, Peter Palese has his doubts, as recorded in The Great Influenza by John Barry:
Dr. Peter Palese….considers the mixing-bowl theory unnecessary to explain antigen shift: “It’s equally likely that co-infection of avian and human virus in a human in one cell in the lung [gives] rise to the virus…There’s no reason why mixing couldn’t occur in the lung, whether in pig or man. It’s not absolute that there are no sialic acid receptors of those types in other species. It’s not absolute that that avian receptor is really that different from the human, and, with one single amino acid change, the virus can go much better in another host”.
Ito T, Couceiro JN, Kelm S, Baum LG, Krauss S, Castrucci MR, Donatelli I, Kida H, Paulson JC, Webster RG, & Kawaoka Y (1998). Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential. Journal of Virology, 72, 7367-7373
Matrosovich M, Tuzikov A, Bovin N, Gambaryan A, Klimov A, Castrucci MR, Donatelli I, & Kawaoka Y. (2000). Early alterations of the receptor-binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals. Journal of Virology, 74, 8502-8512
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<urn:uuid:58f460de-a530-40b1-913d-84b60179fe2c>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://virology.ws/2009/05/05/influenza-virus-attachment-to-cells-role-of-different-sialic-acids/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00600.warc.gz
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en
| 0.897642 | 811 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The Cyber Security Law is the first national-level legislation establishing principles for the protection of the People’s Republic of China’s cyberspace security and the law is intended to address, amongst others, the need to control China’s critical information infrastructure (CII) and its data. The law focuses on the security challenges facing information infrastructure in a range of critical sectors, such a telecommunications, energy, transportation and finance and addresses unlawful cyber activities including illegally obtaining or selling personal information, disseminating malicious software or prohibited information, and online fraud.
The PRC Cybersecurity Law generally imposes obligations on three types of entities: 1. network operators; 2. critical information infrastructure operators; and 3. providers of network products and services.
The PRC Cybersecurity Law imposes a range of cybersecurity obligations on “network operators,” which are defined as owners and administrators of networks and network service providers. A “network” is defined as any system comprising computers or other information terminals and related equipment for collection, storage, transmission, exchange, and processing of information. On its face, the term network operator could broadly be interpreted to encompass any company that uses a network to do business in China despite not having a physical presence in China.
Generally, network operators must:
- Develop internal security management systems and procedures, appoint personnel responsible for network security, and implement network security protection responsibility.
- Adopt measures to prevent viruses, network attacks, network intrusions, and other threats to network security.
- Monitor and record network activity and security incidents, and store network logs for at least six months.
- Implement measures to classify, back up, and encrypt data.
- Network operators must also provide “technical support and assistance” to law enforcement authorities to safeguard national security and investigate crimes. The term “technical support” is not formally defined, and it remains to be seen whether this includes providing backdoor and decryption assistance for encrypted data. To the extent it does, it will permit government access to data stored and potentially to data transferred (such as data in motion) in the PRC.
Critical Information Infrastructure Operators
Critical information infrastructure (CII) operators are defined as entities providing services that, if lost or destroyed, would endanger China’s national security, economy, or public interest. The PRC Cybersecurity Law lists public communication and information services, energy, finance, transportation, water conservation, public services, and e-government as examples of CII.
CII operators are subject to the same cybersecurity requirements applicable to network operators as outlined above. CII operators must also sign security and confidentiality agreements with their suppliers of network products and services, and evaluate cybersecurity and other potential risks at least once a year.
Providers of Network Products and Services
Providers of network products and services must comply with relevant national and industry standards and ensure the security of their products. Products determined to be “Critical Network Equipment and Network Security Products” are required to go through testing by accredited evaluation centers prior to being marketed in China.
Penalties for Non-Compliance
Failure to comply with the Cyber Security Law carries penalties, ranging from making corrections to fines and confiscation of unlawful gains. At the end of the spectrum lies temporary suspension of operations, closing down of websites, and revocation of relevant operation permits and the business license. The CAC and other related governmental departments are also entitled to take technical measures and other necessary actions to intervene and stop the transmission of data which is imported from sources outside of PRC and is prohibited by PRC laws from being released or transmitted.
One of the most significant and controversial provisions of the PRC Cybersecurity Law restricts the cross-border transfer of personal information and important data collected or generated through operations in China (collectively, Local Data). Specifically, a network operator may transfer Local Data outside of China only if it has a business need to do so and passes a security assessment.
The Scope of Local Data
Local Data subject to the cross-border transfer requirements consists of “personal information” and “important data.” Notably, the definition of “personal information” is not explicitly limited to information pertaining to Chinese citizens.
Security Assessments for Cross-Border Transfers
If a network operator wishes to transfer Local Data outside of China, it must undergo a security assessment. Self-assessments generally suffice for this requirement and must consider, among other factors:
- The legality, legitimacy, and necessity of the cross-border transfer.
- The amount, scope, type, and sensitivity of the data.
- If the transfer involves personal information, whether data subjects have consented to the transfer.
- The data recipient’s security capability, measures, and environment.
- The risks associated with the data being leaked, damaged, tampered with, or misused after the data transfer or subsequent re-transfer.
- The risks to national security, societal and public interests, and the individual lawful rights and interests after the cross-border transfer.
Prohibited Cross-Border Transfers
Cross-border transfers of Local Data are prohibited in the following circumstances:
- The transfer does not comply with state laws, administrative regulations, or departmental rules.
- Data subjects do not consent to a transfer involving personal information.
- The transfer poses risks to China’s national security or public interests.
- The transfer could endanger China’s security of national politics, territory, military, economy, culture, society, technology, information, ecological environment, resources, and nuclear facilities.
- Other circumstances where the Chinese government determines that the data involved in the transfer is prohibited from being transferred offshore.
Businesses operating in China should evaluate how the PRC Cybersecurity Law might impact their operations and amend their policies and procedures as necessary. Companies should pay close attention to their data transfer practices to meet the new restrictions on cross-border transfers. Companies should also understand the implications of data localization requirements and the ability of the government to access private and proprietary data stored and transferred in China.
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<urn:uuid:9ebd9c91-31b6-472b-819d-a7e4162ad047>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://www.china-brain.com/Resources/PRC-Cyberspace-Security-Law/276.html
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en
| 0.917705 | 1,247 | 2.75 | 3 |
In the previous chapter we discussed the fundamental concepts of JMS.We discussed the various messaging domains also. The coming chapters will be discussing programming samples. Before looking into the examples , we need to set up the development environment for running the examples.Ase we discussed earlier there should be one JMS Provider for using the JMS API in our applications. Application servers are bundled with JMS Providers.For example JBoss Application servers are bundled with either JBossMQ or HornetQ.
In this tutorial we are using OpenJMS as service provider.
Configuring Open JMS
Step1.Download OpenJMS from the OpenJMS page.
Step2.Extract the archive to some folder.
Step3. Create environment variable OPENJMS_HOME . In my machine, I extracted the openjms-0.7.7-beta-1.zip to C drive. So my OPENJMS_HOME is C:\openjms-0.7.7-beta-1.
Step4. Ensure that the JAVA_HOME environment variable is set properly. In my machine it is C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0\jre.
Step5.Now the Open JMS is ready in our machine.Now we need to start it . For that run the command prompt(cmd). Then execute these commands.
If everything is fine a window will be opened . Which contains the ports for accepting connections.
So the OpenJMS server is started.
Step 6. Find the existing administered objects.ConnectionFactories and Destinations are administered objects.The pre-configured administered objects can be found in the openjms.xml file in the config directory of OPENJMS_HOME.We will be using queue1,topic1,ConnectionFactory etc in our coming examples. Administered objects can be accessed by JNDIlook up.
Step6.Open eclipse workspace and start a dynamic web project.
Step7. Copy the following jar files from OPENJMS_HOME/lib. And paste them in WebContent/WEB-INF/lib of our newly created project.
Now the setup is ready.We can do our developments in src directory of our newly created project.
If we need to shutdown the openJms ant any time simply use shutdown script from %OPENJMS_HOME%/bin
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<urn:uuid:a42dac96-54de-40b8-acf2-4ef572983895>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://www.coderpanda.com/tag/configuring-open-jms/
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en
| 0.766812 | 496 | 2.921875 | 3 |
In order to go green it is not completely necessary to understand every facet of the technology. You don’t need to know how a solar panel works for instance in order to enjoy free energy on your roof, and you don’t need to know what a deep cell battery is or how it differs from petrol engines. However that said, if you really want to immerse yourself in the idea of going green, then understanding the technology can give you a real buzz and can help you to make more of what you have.
Deep cell batteries then… how are these relevant to going green? Well basically these are the ‘car batteries’ that you find in eco-friendly vehicles like electric cars and these work in a slightly different way to your classic car batteries which helps with going green. Here we will look at how.
Deep cell batteries are actually not only used in electric cars, but rather they are used in a range of leisure vehicles too such as boats and even golf carts. The reason for this is that deep cell batteries are good for vehicles that get left standing for a long amount of time which would cause regular car batteries to go flat, and don’t rely on an alternator in the same way to provide constant charge. Meanwhile, deep cell batteries are also better at providing a steady current over a long duration rather than the ‘surge’ of energy that petrol cars require to get the engine running which is understandably helpful for going green – it’s that surge of energy that comes from starting the car that uses up the most energy usually. Put simply, deep cell batteries have worse CCAs (Cold Cranking Amps) and better RC (Reserve Capacity). While the CCA available from deep cell batteries wouldn’t be sufficient for starting a petrol engine (which is why regular car batteries are also called ‘starter batteries’), this is not a requirement for electrical vehicles and some leisure vehicles and so they are better suited to deep cell batteries. At the same time the fact that electric cars will more commonly be run down means that starter engines would be ruined and lose their ability to hold charge very quickly.
To achieve this effect, deep cell batteries (also called deep cycle batteries) use thicker plates that have less surface area, while car batteries have thinner plates with a larger surface area creating more of a surge of energy. For going green make sure to always use deep cell batteries where possible, and as they will last longer this will also save you money.
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<urn:uuid:ac7fbc82-9b5f-4caa-84da-32ff7ef32653>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://www.enjoygoinggreen.com/all/deep-cell-batteries/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00600.warc.gz
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en
| 0.960096 | 510 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Nematodes, also called Aschelminthes or "roundworms", form a zoological group of species that share homogeneous anatomical and morphological characteristics, yet a diverse range of lifestyles.
Many live as parasites to other animals, particularly blood worms, hookworms and other types of Ascaris, which are enemies to humans and domestic animals. Others live in the soil. Some of them are phytophagous.
Simple, vermiform animals, their bodies roughly consist of an external tube (cuticle) that wraps around 2 internal superimposed tubes: the digestive tube and the genital tract (male or female).
Nematodes that are plant parasites have a perforating stylus on the front part of their digestive tube, followed by an oesophageal canal leading to a muscular bulb, a suction and discharge pump. Once the plant is perforated by the stylus, digestive enzymes produced by the salivary glands are injected through this pump which, then, sucks in the product of digestion and discharges it into the intestine.
Direct damage primarily results in weakening of the plant, and sometimes deformation, discolouration, gall, etc.; indirect damage includes aggravation of fungal illnesses and viruses.
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<urn:uuid:7f36e8b2-60c4-40e2-8f6c-d9c13efb9549>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://www.futura-sciences.us/dico/d/zoology-nematode-50000463/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00600.warc.gz
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en
| 0.927975 | 257 | 4.03125 | 4 |
INgushetia is a small Republic autonomy in the Caucasus in the Russian Federation. INgushetia stretches on about 4,000 km and has a population of about ½ million (2008). Almost all Ingush are Sunni Muslims.
INgushetia is surrounded by Chechnya from the East and North, by North Ossetia in the West and independent Georgia in the South and is a mountainous country. In 1992 a militia war with ethnic Christian Russians in North Ossetia caused an ethnic cleansing when few thousands Ingush were moved from their home and driven away to INgushetia and vise versa.
Ingush fighters were integrated into the first and second wars in neighbor Chechnya and became senior commanders in the anti-Russians militias and organizations in the Caucasus. Nazran, INgushetia’s capital, was the scene of heavy fighting between pro-Russians and Islamist raiders on 06/22/2004.
Although Russia managed to overcome the Chechens since 2004 and restore a degree of stability in the Caucasus in general and in Chechnya in particular, remnants of Islamic insurgence and organized crime are still operating (10/2008) in the mountains of the Caucasus and of INgushetia as well.
Read more ;
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<urn:uuid:56368aa5-6bb8-4e4b-8604-d6289090ea29>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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http://www.globaljihad.info/?p=3582
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en
| 0.957907 | 264 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Are you wanting to do better with your dental care? Have you had problems with taking care of your oral hygiene? If so, then you’ll find Jay M. Marks, DMD to be useful. Follow along and you’ll figure out what you can do to be sure that any dental problem you have is taken care of.
It is common knowledge that you should brush your teeth two times every day; however, you should also be aware that there are certain times when you need to brush more. Any time that you eat or drink foods that are high in sugar, you can help prevent tooth decay by giving your teeth some extra brushing time to protect the tooth enamel.
Always use toothpaste that contains fluoride. There are very few toothpastes available that do not contain fluoride, but some of the newer organic toothpastes do not. Fluoride is essential for strong and healthy teeth. So if you want to use an organic toothpaste that does not contain fluoride, use it after you brush with a fluoride toothpaste.
It is important to replace your toothbrush every three months. Over time, the bristles on your toothbrush become worn and stop performing as well as they should. In addition, bacteria can build up on your toothbrush and become embedded in the bristles. Replacing your toothbrush frequently is a core component of a good dental care regimen.
One of the worst feelings is to have a seed or some other foreign object caught between your teeth. Do not try to force it out with a fork or other hard object. Take a small length of floss and gently try to remove it. If it does not come out, visit your dentist, and they can help remove it.
To ensure your teeth are getting properly cleaned, make it a point to brush your teeth for a minimum of two minutes. It’s very easy to get bored when brushing your teeth, and boredom can lead to a rush job. However, thinking of a favorite song or some other pleasant thought during brushing can help pass the time. It’s important to give your teeth the attention they deserve.
If you know you won’t be able to brush your teeth after a meal, try and eat foods that can act as temporary substitutes. Things like apples and celery are good for you and will act as gentle abrasion tools as you chew, cleaning the surfaces and even reaching between teeth to remove particles of food.
Keep dental floss or toothpicks with you. There are times when you are away from home that you eat and possibly get food stuck between your teeth. If you have a toothpick or food with you, you can get this food out before it starts to cause any problems with your teeth.
If you are unable to afford some needed dental work, see if you can strike up a payment plan with your dentist. Most dentists have payment plans you can consider or else you can do financing through somewhere else. This will allow more people to get the dental work they need. In addition, it prevents you from waiting for any necessary procedures that must be done beforehand.
If mouthwashes out on the market do not appeal to you, and you want your mouth rinsed for fresher breath, you can use a natural method. You should boil three cups of water, add a tablespoon of salt, three spoons of baking soda and one spoon of hydrogen peroxide. This oral rinse will serve you well.
If you notice that you are getting a lot of cavities, it may be time to change what you are drinking. Carbonated soft drinks break down the enamel on your teeth and should be avoided to help protect your dental health. If you must drink a carbonated soft drink, immediately brush your teeth after drinking a serving.
Some women’s gums get very sensitive and bleed when they go through menstruation or hormonal changes during puberty. If this is your case, you can easily get rid of this problem by taking oral contraceptive. Go to the dentist to make sure the bleeding is not caused by gum disease.
Do you tend to grind your teeth? Do your best to get rid of this habit. Avoid eating hard foods, chew some gum and relax as much as you can. If you grind your teeth at night, it is best to wear a mouth guard until this bad habit goes away.
Now that you’ve gone over this guide, it should be easy for you to start practicing good dental care. Just be sure that you reread this guide so that you know what you’re doing. Everyone needs to worry about their dental care, so take care of any dental problems you have before they get worse.
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"A virtuous and good person neither quarrels with anyone, nor, so far as he can, does he allow anyone else to quarrel." (v. 1, p. 245)
Epictetus points to Socrates as the exemplar as he settled many quarrels and how patient he was in dealing with other people, including his wife and son. (see v. 3, p. 245) He was able to do this because "he kept the thought firmly fixed in his mind that no one can exert control over another person's ruling centre." (v. 4, p. 245) He knew he could never change other people, but rather he focused on "attending to his own business alone in such a way that others too" would see his example and want to also act according to nature (v. 5, p. 245) And for a person "in this state of mind" there is no "room left for contention." (v. 8, p. 245)
You can keep the peace and minimize quarreling by putting things in the proper context.
EVENT: "That man abused you"
RESPONSE: "I'm most grateful that he didn't hit me"
EVENT: "But he has gone on to hit you"
RESPONSE: "I'm most grateful that he didn't kill me"
This line of thinking is not unlike the teaching of Jesus when he instructed his disciples to "turn the other cheek" (see Matthew 5:38-40).
Some may think this reasoning is a bit extreme by today's standards. Indeed, if someone hits you, there are avenues to pursue to seek justice and these avenues allow people to pursue justice dispassionately and Stoicly.
What ought to matter to the individual human? Certainly not possessions and fame and distinguished appointments and careers. Bur rather, it ought to be how the individual manages her impressions and "imprints" that are borne in her mind. (v. 15, p. 246) And what imprints do her judgments carry? "Gentleness, sociability, patience, love of her neighbor" and not "quick to anger" or "prone to rage" nor being "discontented with her lot." (v. 17-18, p. 246-247)
There is no need to worry about what other people think of you. For their part, they are focused on wealth, health, prestige and fame. But your craft is to focus on being a good human being - someone who is concerned about exercising the appropriate virtue (wisdom, justice, courage, self-discipline) in any given circumstance. Beyond that, nothing else should matter to you. So, "why worry about them? Any more than a craftsman worries about people who have no knowledge of his craft." (v. 22, p. 247) In this way, you can settle quarrels and not start them.
And when people try to read your mind or try to "trigger" a reaction in you, then you should "come forward to proclaim that you're especially amused by [them] who imagine that they're able to harm you." (v. 24, p. 247) Similarly, "inhabitants of a well-fortified city laugh at those who are besieging them: 'Why are those men going to all that trouble to no purpose? Our walls are secure; we have provisions that will last for a very long time, as will all the rest of our supplies.' That is what renders a city secure and impregnable, and in the case of a human mind, it is nothing other than it's judgements." (v. 25, p. 247)
In a word, focus on strengthening your mind - on becoming mentally tough - and don't let possessions, wealth, health and fame drive your life. These are the "puppet strings" you must cut.
"It is a person's judgement alone about each thing that harms him, and upsets him, and this is what gives rise to dissension, and civil strife, and war." (v. 28, p. 248)
This is your task: "to adopt an attitude" that "no tyrant can hinder [you] ... nor can any master, nor can the crowd hinder [you], nor can the stronger hinder the weaker, because this has been granted to us by God free from all hindrance. These are the judgements that bring love into a household, and concord into a state, and peace among nations; and cause a person to be grateful to God, and confident at all times." (v. 34-35, p. p. 248-249)
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In my last blog (January 2018) I introduced you to Billy, an eight-year-old boy, who had experienced frightening and unpredictable childhood trauma and neglect. As a result, his brain was operating from a hyper aroused defensive position. I wrote that his brain frequently operated from the limbic and brain stem area causing him to swing into dysregulated trauma responses to his current environment, relationships and capacity to learn.
Billy and I worked together for 12 months using dramatherapy to help integrate his brain and implicitly held memories so that he could respond to current life experiences from a regulated place of being.
Our first task in supporting this was to support Billy to develop an emotional language and narrative for his experience.
Billy asked if we could play Emotional Bingo. This game has emotions depicted with a picture and a word, as you turn a card over if you have the emotion on your bingo card you cover it with a counter.
The use of games in therapy helps:
- the negotiation of difficult experiences that leads to mastery of stresses and traumas
- the motoric release of feelings and action
- the special relationship and rapport that develops with the therapist
Dramatherapists tend to look at games as a way of the client dramatically projecting and engaging with their internal world, at a distance which feels safe. Billy had an insecure and anxious attachment pattern, his feelings often felt overwhelming and he described his brain as ‘dying’ when things became too much. I wondered if his brain went into ‘freeze’ mode which may have been a repeat of his early trauma response to his overwhelming and confusing home life and experiences. Playing Emotional Bingo, enabled Billy to start to notice and name how he was feeling in response to our playing together. At times he was surprised at what he noticed, at the end of one of our sessions he picked up the ‘guilty’ card and told me that this was how he was feeling but that he did not know why, in a later session when leaving he picked up ‘angry,’ and ‘disappointed’. I wondered if in beginning to notice and name feelings in the here and now encounter we were also learning to recognise older more implicitly informed experiences belonging to Billy’s earlier life.
In infancy our capacity for understanding our self is shaped by the quality of interactions with our carer, by touch, gaze, through the use of symbols and then through the use of language. A child learns to understand and manage their internal experiences and place in the world through these numerous interactions. Billy had not experienced this in his early life. The parts of the brain which are most affected when this is absent are the pre-frontal cortex and the limbic system. The pre-frontal cortex helps us think, have empathy and manage feelings and the limbic system is where we hold our ideas about emotional safety and relationships. In therapy Billy was beginning to name experience, develop empathy and experience a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship.
The more relaxed Billy’s brain became the more he could think about how it might be working and what was happening when it wasn’t working. He also began to imagine what I might be feeling, picking Emotional Bingo cards for me and starting to notice our differences and similarities. We thought about how our brains worked and what happened when they felt frozen or overwhelmed.
To this end we used a marble run game, constructing a two-foot high structure of connected tubes with different blockers, pacers and enhancers in. We thought of this structure as the connection between the body and the brain, our marbles became our neurons firing through the brain. We noticed what happened when the brain became hyper aroused by overloading it with marbles, we noticed what happened when we placed marbles in slowly and then filmed it on a slow-motion camera setting, we noticed what happened when the marbles went in in a paced regulated manner. We continued to explore this over several sessions, I added some explanations around attachment, trauma and neuroscience at a pace I felt Billy could manage. Listening to these explanations Billy decided that, using the marble run, he would make a short four-minute film, entitled ‘Me and my Amazing Brain”
Alongside this, he started talking about his amazing brain on a weekly basis, noticing what he was managing at school and in relationship with his peers. He also began to understand when he started to become overwhelmed. I recommended a Sensory Attachment Assessment so that the system around Billy could also think more about his amazing brain and how to keep supporting and developing its growth.
At the end of Billy’s dramatherapy he asked that we make a certificate about his amazing brain and that he got to keep the four-minute film, Billy’s relationship with his brain was a long way from where it had started in those initial dramatherapy assessment sessions.
Sarah Mann Shaw
Comments/feedback and observations on my work are always welcome – please feel free to message me.
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Mixing colors is an essential yet challenging skill for any painter. Mastering color theory and techniques allows you to create nuanced, vibrant paintings. This step-by-step guide will teach you the fundamentals of mixing colors. You’ll learn how to use primary colors and complements to mix any color. We’ll cover key concepts like value, temperature, and harmony. Follow these steps to gain confidence mixing captivating, dynamic colors.
- Step 1 – Understand Color Theory Basics
- Step 2 – Choose a Limited Palette
- Step 3 – Understand Your Pigments
- Step 4 – Map Your Composition's Values
- tep 5 – Mix Your Darks First
- Step 6 – Add White to Mix Lighter Tones
- Step 7 – Use Complements for Natural Colors
- Step 8 – Check Temperature
- Step 9 – Fine Tune Value Contrast
- Step 10 – Refine and Glaze Layers
- Frequently Asked Questions
Step 1 – Understand Color Theory Basics
The first step is grasping color theory foundations. While advanced color knowledge comes with time, these basics deliver immense value:
Primary colors - Red, yellow and blue. Combine primaries to create all other colors. Secondary colors - Green, orange, and purple. Mix two primaries to get secondaries. Color wheel - Displays relationships between colors. Opposite colors are complements. Value - Lightness/darkness of a color. Adds contrast. Temperature - Warmth or coolness of a color. Harmony - Pleasing color combinations.
Invest time upfront studying color theory. Learning these core concepts equips you with the framework to mix any color.
Step 2 – Choose a Limited Palette
It’s tempting to stock every paint color. However, limiting your selection to a few versatile essentials simplifies mixing. Start with:
Titanium white - Lightens and tints Lemon yellow - Vibrant, transparent yellow Cadmium red - Vivid, opaque red Ultramarine blue - Rich, dark blue
Add colors like burnt sienna, yellow ochre, and cerulean as needed later. Master mixing with a primary palette first.
Step 3 – Understand Your Pigments
Not all paints are created equal. Know your pigment properties:
Transparency - Thin layers reveal underlayers. Great for glazes. Opaqueness - Covers underlying layers. Better for blocking in color. Staining - Sinks into canvas, hard to cover up. Sedimentary - Heavier pigments settle when mixed. Remix occasionally.
Test your paints on a canvas to learn their mixing behavior. This informs smarter color choices.
Step 4 – Map Your Composition’s Values
Before mixing colors, simplify your reference image into basic value shapes. Squint your eyes to visualize lights, darks, and mediums.
Block in these value areas with acrylic paint or charcoal. Nail your values first, then layer color after. Values determine the underlying structure.
tep 5 – Mix Your Darks First
Begin mixing with dark colors, adding white to lighten. It’s tougher to darken light colors. Start dark:
Mix ultramarine blue with alizarin crimson for deep rich darks. Cool browns = ultramarine + burnt sienna Warm black = alizarin + burnt sienna
Mix enough paint to complete all your darks. Remix as needed to match colors.
Step 6 – Add White to Mix Lighter Tones
Once your darks are complete, add white to mix lighter colors:
Start with a dab of dark color, then add white to lighten Add white in increments, mixing thoroughly after each addition Compare to value sketch - does the tone match?
Take time to mix exact hues. Rushing leads to muddy colors.
Step 7 – Use Complements for Natural Colors
No color exists in isolation. Counterbalance with complements:
Mix opposites from the color wheel This neutralizes colors, creating natural, earthy hues Green + red = muted green for landscapes Orange + blue = natural skin tone
Using complements harmonizes colors and mimics nature.
Step 8 – Check Temperature
Analyze your color’s temperature:
Warm - Yellows, reds, oranges Cool - Blues, greens, purples
Is the temperature correct? Add a dash of the opposite temperature if needed.
This helps colors appear more natural and realistic. Don’t forget to tweak temperature.
Step 9 – Fine Tune Value Contrast
With all colors mixed, reassess value contrast:
Squint again at your reference and painting Have you maintained proper value separation? If areas blend together, add more light layers or dark accents
Don’t get lost in colors and neglect necessary value contrast. Give colors distinction.
Step 10 – Refine and Glaze Layers
Now refine color and add transparency:
Glaze over dry layers using thin paint to tint color Build vibrant, luminous depth through multiple glazes Soften edges and blend colors together Intensify color with transparent glazed layers
Take time perfecting colors with glazing layers. This creates luminosity that brings paintings to life.
Common Color Mixing Mistakes to Avoid
Not mixing enough paint to complete an area Neglecting value structure Focusing on colors before values Using cheap low-quality paint Failing to understand color properties like transparency Rushing the mixing process Not building colors through layered glazing
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I buy student grade or professional paints?
Student grades have less pigment. Invest in professional paints with higher pigment levels. Good color mixing requires quality paint.
How do I avoid muddy colors?
Mix with a light touch – add small amounts of color and mix thoroughly. Take your time building transparent, luminous layers. Rushing leads to muddiness.
What if I can’t match a color?
Identify the color’s properties – temperature, transparency, etc. Use complements to neutralize. Add white for tints or black to darken. Observe how the color behaves in context. With practice, color matching becomes intuitive.
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Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula is a land steeped in ancient history and full of beauty, mystery and wonder. With its centuries-old Maya civilization, the tropical jungles, and grand temples, it’s a place that offers a unique glimpse into the past. But the real magic of this area lies in its natural phenomenon – the cenotes. Visit cenotes in the Yucatan for an experience like no other.
Honestly, this is one of our family’s favorite things to do in all of Mexico. We love to visit cenotes and have probably done this more than five times over the last several years.
What is a Cenote?
First things first. Cenotes are like natural swimming holes that have been formed over time from pockets of limestone, fed by fresh rainwater and filtration from above. They are interconnected by a network of tunnels that flow the clean water through the rivers and out to sea. These cenotes are like deep water wells, with refreshing, clear water.
Since they are millions of years old, their origins are uncertain. However, many scientists conclude that cenotes were formed as part of the Big Bang. A meteor hit the Earth nearby, forming the Gulf of Mexico and spraying rock and debris for hundreds of miles. Looking at a map, the cenotes encircle the meteor’s impact point like an arc.
Regardless of origin, cenotes today beckon visitors to take a dip in their calm, clear waters. Visit cenotes for recreation, a bit of lore and perhaps a glimpse into our ancient history.
Types of Cenotes
There are different kinds of cenotes, each with its unique features. The Maya believed these cenotes were sacred gateways to the underworld, where their gods and ancestors resided.
Open Cenotes – Where sunlight dapples the water, fern grottos form along the walls, and vines dangle down the sides.
Semi-Open – Where natural light still filters through, but mostly under a rocky overhang.
Cave Cenotes – Where visitors climb down man-made staircases into darkened caverns, many with stalactites, stalagmites, and other interesting rock formations.
Ancient Cenotes – Where they have been designated as special to the local Mayan and Aztec people, who used them for religious rituals and spiritual honors.
Day Trips to Visit Cenotes
The Yucatan Peninsula is famous for having thousands of cenotes that dot the thick, tropical jungles. Many of them have been discovered and prepared for visitors to enjoy. Some are trek-worthy from most major resort destinations around the area, while others are even located in city centers, within restaurants, and on hotel grounds. Most are privately owned.
There are plenty of cenotes located very close to the major destinations in this area, including Cancun, Playa Del Carmen, Tulum, and Merida.
Visit Cenotes Near Cancun
Nearest to Cancun is the Ruta De Los Cenotes (Route of the Cenotes) with more than ten options within a 30-minute drive of the Cancun resorts. Some of the best include Kin Ha, a cave cenote that has deep blue waters you can step into or jump from a platform, and La Mojarras, one of the more active cenotes equipped with ziplines where you can drop directly into the water below.
Another exciting option is Siete Bocas (Seven Mouths), which has seven entrances (or mouths) to the underground network of rivers that flow into a beautiful turquoise pool. And for those who like a little adventure, La Noire is a darker cave cenote with zipline and jumping platform, as well as bats lurking in the hollows.
Tour companies near Cancun: Maritur DMC is a destination management company that is great for larger groups and organized tours from a number of destinations including Cancun.
Visit Cenotes Near Playa Del Carmen
If you’re staying in Playa Del Carmen, you must check out the Cenote Azul, one of the most beautiful cenotes in the area and popular because it is open to the sky and great for visitors of all ages.
You can also book a special Xenotes Tour with Xcaret that visits several special cenotes. The tour includes Ha Cenote, a semi-open cenote with vines and tree roots hanging down from the rocky cliffsides. Snorkeling and kayaking are available here. At nearby Iik Cenote, you can enjoy ziplines over the water, along with a cliff jump more than 20 feet high. Another exciting option is the Lu’um Cenote, where you can rappel into a cavern cenote with ancient rock formations and an underground pool for swimming. There’s also K’aak’ Cenote, which is like a waterpark with natural water slides, ziplines, and cliff jumps into the blue waters.
Tour company near Playa Del Carmen: The Xcaret Tour called Xenote is great for guests staying at any of the three Xcaret resort properties. Tours are available daily from Cancun and Playa Del Carmen areas. Even if you are not a resort guest, it’s possible to book their tours.
Visit Cenotes Near Tulum
If you’re staying in Tulum, there are several great cenotes nearby. One popular option is the Cenote Dos Ojos Park, which is an all-purpose cenote. It offers ample sunlight, beautiful cave formations with stalactites and stalagmites, and even hammocks for relaxing.
There are also several underground cenotes located near the Mayan ruins at Coba, including Cenote Choo-Ha, Tamcach-Ha, and Multum-Ha, all with interesting rock formations. For an Instagram-worthy experience, check out the Suytan cenote, famous for its stone path and circular platform that juts out into the deep blue pool.
Tour company near Tulum: AllTournative Adventures is a private tour company with many options for authentic adventures and excursions that include cenotes in a respectful and educational approach. We had a blast spending the day with them and touring the ruins at Coba along with some fantastic cenotes nearby.
Visit Cenotes Near Merida
If you’re staying in Merida, there are several great cenotes nearby, including the Ik Kil Cenote, located in the city of Valladolid near Chichen Itza. This enormous cenote is popular as a refreshing and beautiful reward after visiting the Mayan ruins. Another popular option is the Santa Barbara Cenotes, the most visited in the Merida area. This location offers three gorgeous cenotes, each offering a different experience, one blue, one green, and one turquoise. For a more gentrified experience, check out the Cenote Hacienda Mucuyche. It’s located on the property of a private 18th-century plantation, complete with a restaurant, shop, and other amenities.
Tour company near Merida: Merida Gay Tours, owned by Ricardo Godoy, is an excellent guide for cenotes, ruins, and other excursions in Merida and throughout the Yucatan. (Even if you are not a member of the LGBTQ+ community – allies welcome!) His tours include cenotes near Cancun, Playa del Carmen and Tulum in addition to Merida. He also has other tours of interest if you want to visit the ruins, etc.
Grab Your Swimsuit. Or Don’t!
Visiting cenotes is an absolute must-do activity when visiting the Yucatan Peninsula. With thousands of cenotes to choose from, you’ll have no trouble finding one that suits your interests. Whether you’re looking for an adrenaline rush, a place to relax and cool off, or a bit of both, cenotes are the perfect destination for adventuresome travelers. Some locations are private and you could even do a little skinny dipping.
So grab your swimsuit, sunscreen, and a sense of adventure, and take a dive into these cool cenotes.
Other Stories About Cenotes
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Street names are slang terms that people use to refer to a drug. These names can change over time and may differ from one location to another. It is not as common as other substances on the street. Thus, only a few street names have been reported. They are:
It received FDA approval for treating partial seizures in 1993. Over the next few years, the FDA approved the drug for other conditions.
- As an anticonvulsant. Doctors can use it as an adjunct to treat partial seizures. A partial seizure affects a specific area of the brain and does not cause fainting. Brands used: Neurontin
- As a pain medication. A doctor may prescribe the drug for people who have a painful condition called postherpetic neuralgia, which causes burning pain that persists after shingles go away. Brands used: Horizant, Gralise, Neurontin
- For restless leg syndrome (RLS). It may help relieve symptoms of RLS in some people. RLS is a sleep disorder. It causes a strong urge to move the legs. People with this condition may struggle to get the required amount of sleep. Brands used: Horizant
A doctor may use a drug for conditions other than those mentioned on the label. Such uses are known as off-label uses. Conditions for which it is commonly prescribed off-label include:
- Neuropathic pain (nerve pain)
- Bipolar disorder
- Postmenopausal hot flashes
- Essential tremors
- Resistant depressant and mood disorders
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Postoperative analgesia
- Prevention of migraine
- Painful diabetic neuropathy
- Social phobia
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Refractory chronic cough
All preparations of the drug should be taken by mouth. It can be taken with or without food. Taking it with food can help reduce the odds of digestive issues. The dose depends on the patient’s age and general health, and on the condition for which the drug is prescribed.
The usual dosage for adults is 300 mg on the first day of therapy. A doctor can increase the dose to 300 mg two times a day on the second day and 300 mg three times a day on the third day. Depending on how the patient responds, the doctor may change the doses. However, more than 3600 mg of should never be taken in a single day. The FDA has approved the brand Neurontin to treat seizures.
The starting adult dose is 300 mg on the first day of therapy, 300 mg two times a day on the second day, and 300 mg three times a day on the third day. Doctors may change the doses depending on pain control. The maximum daily dose is 1800 mg per day.
For slow-release tablets (brand: Horizant), the starting dose is 600 mg per day for the first three days of therapy. The dose is increased to 600 mg two times a day on the fourth day.
The FDA has approved the brand Horizant for RLS. The usual dose is 600 mg once a day in the evening.
It belongs to a class of drugs known as gabapentinoids. Another similar drug in this class is pregabalin (Lyrica). Gabapentinoids are now the main class of drugs prescribed to treat neuropathic pain. The number of gabapentinoid prescriptions for people with cancer almost tripled from 1.2 million in 2005 to 3.5 million in 2015.4
Scientists do not know how these drugs work. They believe that gabapentinoids help relieve pain and control seizures by:5
- Decreasing the activity of brain cells
- Reducing substances that cause inflammation
- Altering the activity of certain brain chemicals (neurostransmitters) such as serotonin
Both gabapentin and pregabalin (Lyrica) are members of the gabapentinoid class of drugs. Nevertheless, these two drugs are different. The key differences are summarized in the table below.
|Drug name||Brand names||Cost||Side effects||Dosing frequency per day||FDA-approved uses||Availability of generic versions|
|Gabapentin||Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant||Low||More||Three times||Partial seizures and postherpetic neuralgia||Available|
|Pregabalin||Lyrica||High||Fewer||Two times||Partial seizures, painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and fibromyalgia||Not available|
Besides, a few studies suggest that pregabalin may be effective in certain anxiety disorders. However, because pregabalin is a relatively new drug, its long-term safety is not well documented.
Any drug that has received FDA approval is typically safe. A drug becomes available on the market only after it has passed several safety tests, both in animals and humans. That said, gabapentin carries certain risks. Abusing it is extremely risky. Drug abuse refers to using a drug in ways other than those recommended by a doctor.
Some people taking the drug may be at a greater risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Thus, it is critically important to monitor signs that may show increased suicidal tendencies A patient experiencing any of the following side effects should consult their physician immediately:
- Severe depression
- Worsening of existing depression
- Suicidal thoughts or behavior
- Rapid mood swings
- Thoughts about self-harm
Most notably, suicidal thoughts can appear within the very first week of treatment. Furthermore, the increased risk of suicide persists as long as a person uses the drug.
Limited studies show that the drug may cause addiction in some people. Notably, most of the findings rely on experiences rather than controlled scientific studies. Besides, the majority of people who have reported the addictive nature of the drug have a history of substance abuse. Using the drug exactly as recommended carries little risk of addiction. Nonetheless, abuse/misuse may cause addiction.
Before using gabapentin, patients should consult their doctors about the potential risks. This is even more important for those who have used other addictive substances. Doctors will prescribe the drug only if the benefits outweigh the potential risks.
Moreover, abuse doesn’t necessarily indicate the drug’s addictive nature. This is because abuse is not the same thing as addiction. Addiction is a long-term disease of the brain which causes compulsive use of a drug despite the known harm which will result.
It is not a federally controlled substance. Thus, it does not appear in the list of controlled substances at the federal level. That said, some states have categorized the drug as a Schedule V controlled substance. These states are Michigan, Virginia, Alabama, Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Many other states are expected to add it to their list of controlled substances.
Schedule V Controlled Substances have low abuse potential compared to Schedule IV substances. Examples of drugs in Schedule V are pregabalin, certain marijuana-derived chemicals, and preparations containing low doses of narcotics.
Is Gabapentin an Opioid?
It is not an opioid. It belongs to a class of drugs called gabapentinoids. Opioids help relieve pain by blocking pain signals in the brain. It appears to work by reducing brain activity and substances that cause inflammation. Gabapentin may also alter the activity of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.
Is Gabapentin a Narcotic?
It is a non-narcotic pain medication commonly used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Narcotics act on opioid receptors and block pain signals in the brain. Gabapentin is thought to work by preventing excitation in the brain and by altering certain brain chemicals associated with the perception of pain.
Gabapentin’s abuse potential is less than that of opioids or other stronger drugs. Nonetheless, increasing cases of both intentional and accidental exposures indicate a looming drug crisis. Even worse, studies suggest that 1 out of every 5 people using prescription gabapentin may abuse the drug.6
Gabapentin abuse is on the rise, especially among people who have used opioids in the past. From 2013 to 2017, abuse/misuse increased by a whopping 119%. Likewise, the number of suicide attempts involving gabapentin increased by 80.5% during the same period.7
When gabapentin is abused, it is typically mixed with cocaine, opioids, marijuana, methadone, or buprenorphine. This increases both sedation and the drug’s effects.
People who abuse it mostly report that they are seeking the following effects:
- Improved sociability
- A high similar to that produced by cannabis
- Enhanced sense of calm
Besides, some people consider gabapentin a safer alternative to other illicit drugs. This is because urine tests do not detect the drug. Moreover, gabapentin may be used to “cut” heroin.
Abuse can make the side effects of gabapentin worse. Watch out for the following signs and symptoms of abuse:
- Problems with balance and coordination
- Feeling tired all the time
- Difficulty remembering things
- Problems with multitasking
- Shaking, espcially in the arms
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Sore throat
- Persistent low mood
- Unexplained feeling of anxiety
- Besides, a person abusing gabapentin may experience certain behavioral changes. These can include:
- Faking symptoms to get more gabapentin
- Visiting many doctors to get multiple prescriptions for the drug
- Using gabapentin originally prescribed for a friend or a family member
- Having money problems
Gabapentin has an excellent safety profile. Nonetheless, some people may experience one or more side effects. Side effects are unwanted effects that may appear when patients take a drug in the recommended doses. Some of these unwanted effects may go away on their own. If they persist or become worse, the prescribing doctor should be contacted immediately.
Below is a list of side effects that typically appear within a few weeks of drug use.
- Enhanced feelings of well-being
- Aggressive behavior
- Mood swings
- Flu-like symptoms
- Pain in the lower back or side
- Increased appetite
- Dry eyes
- Reduced sex drive
- Dry skin
- Changes in breath odor
- Increased thirst
- Abdominal bloating
- Memory problems
- Muscle weakness
- Stopped breathing
- Weight gain
- Skin rashes
- Blurred vision
- Involuntary muscle contractions
- Dry mouth
- Upset stomach
- Sore throat
Some people may develop potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. Immediate medical help is required if the following symptoms develop:
- Itching or hives
- Swelling in the face or hands
- Tingling in the mouth or throat
- Tightness in the chest
- Breathing difficulties
- Other symptoms that call for immediate medical attention include:
- Uncontrolled eye movements
- Slurred speech
- Extreme tiredness
Both intentional and accidental overdose can occur. Accidental gabapentin overdose rarely causes death. However, intentional overdose can cause death, probably because those who overdose intentionally are more likely to mix the drug with other substances.
People have swallowed up to 49 grams of Neurontin and still survived with supportive care. This is according to Pfizer, the manufacturer of Neurontin.
Of 168 fatal cases involving gabapentin between 2012 and 2016, gabapentin was the main cause of death in 23 cases.3
Mixing gabapentin and other substances, most notably opioids, can greatly increase the risk of death. Compared to using an opioid alone, mixing in gabapentin can increase the risk of opioid-related death by about 60%. Likewise, the risk of opioid overdose is 49% higher in people who mix gabapentin with an opioid.8
In 2016, more than 20% of (prescription) opioid overdose deaths also involved gabapentin, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).9 Sadly, opioid prescriptions for gabapentin users are very common. Studies reveal that about half of gabapentin users also receive a prescription for an opioid drug.8
The symptoms of an overdose can include:
- Loss of control of muscle movements
- Breathing difficulties
- Drooping eyes
- Excessive sedation
- Reduced movement or activity
- Slurred speech
- Double vision
- Coma, especially in people with kidney disease
No antidote for overdose is available. The drug stays in the system for up to 48 hours. Thus, prolonged and intensive treatment is necessary to ensure a full recovery. Some people may need hemodialysis. Hemodialysis uses artificial kidneys to remove toxic substances from the blood.
Bystanders who think an overdose has occurred should dial 911 for emergency assistance or call Poison Control at 800-222-1222.
Patients should not stop taking gabapentin on their own, but should always consult their doctors. Quitting suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms. Surprisingly, some people report experiencing withdrawal even with gradual dose reduction (tapering). However, this is rare. We will discuss gabapentin withdrawal in the upcoming section.
A withdrawal plan is essential to stopping gabapentin use safely. Doctors create plans before asking patients to stop using the drug. Tapering is the most important component of the plan. The dose is gradually reduced over one week to several weeks. The duration of tapering depends on the initial doses and on how the patient’s body handles the drug.
Patients who experience seizures or breathing problems while coming off the drug should talk to their doctors immediately. Doctors can also give advice about ways to manage common withdrawal effects, such as sleep problems and shaking.
Withdrawal symptoms can include:
- Racing heartbeats while the person is at rest
- Excessive sweating
- Elevated blood pressure
- Problems falling or staying asleep
- Digestive problems
- Rarely, abnormal movements and seizures
Withdrawal symptoms typically develop within 24 to 48 hours after the last use. Most people who abuse gabapentin use more than 3000 mg of the drug per day. The abuse dosage can range from 3600 to 7200 mg of the drug per day. However, heavy users may take over 11,000 mg per day.
There is no standard treatment for gabapentin withdrawal. Treatments are supportive and depend on the symptoms. For example, the antipsychotic drug haloperidol may be effective in controlling abnormal movements. Likewise, phenobarbital and phenytoin can help control seizures. Scientists are studying whether drugs like Ativan and clonidine can facilitate withdrawal. Interestingly, the withdrawal symptoms go away when the person experiencing them takes the drug again.
Abuse and addiction can cause potentially fatal effects, such as seizures. Furthermore, abuse may lead to addiction to harder substances. Thus, timely treatment is of paramount importance. There are many addiction treatment options.
Detox or detoxification involves flushing the drug out of the body. People who have used gabapentin chronically or heavily may need medical detox. Detox usually lasts a few weeks. Nonetheless, some may need more time to get their systems clean.
Inpatient treatment programs provide structured care to address issues associated with drug abuse. Patients stay at a treatment facility for the entire period of treatment. These programs are ideal for patients who have used gabapentin heavily or chronically, or who have a co-occurring mental illness.
Outpatient treatment programs require patients to visit a facility for a few hours every week. These programs are ideal for people who have recently begun to use the drug, and for those who have completed treatment at inpatient facilities.
Support groups connect people who have had similar experiences. They can involve face-to-face meetings or online communities. People joining support groups can ask questions, share experiences, and seek emotional support.
Aftercare is a long-term intervention. It focuses on a person’s unique individual needs through medical, psychosocial, and economic programs. Aftercare is essential in preventing relapse and maintaining sobriety.
- http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6734a2external icon.
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Powdermill Avian Research Center (PARC) is a permanent bird-banding station in Rector, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Carnegie Museum and located in the 2,200-acre Powdermill Nature Reserve. In a typical year, more than 11,000 birds of more than 110 species are mist-netted, banded, measured, visually sexed, and weighed at the station. The majority are migratory individuals netted during spring and fall migration. This location, therefore, provides large sample sizes of species that are frequent victims of collisions.
All personnel handling birds for this project are experienced bird handlers under the supervision of a Master Bander operating under a federal permit from the U.S. Geological Survey's Bird Banding Lab. Birds mist-netted on trails near the banding station are removed from the nets by Powdermill banding technicians, placed in cloth bags, and taken to the station for banding and measuring. After banding, birds chosen to be tested in the tunnel are put back into a cloth bag and brought to the tunnel.
ABC's test tunnel is about 24 feet (eight meters) long and is constructed of plywood and particle board over a steel frame. At one end, the tunnel is open. About 18 inches in front of this opening, a mounting apparatus holds two panels of glass (or other material) side by side — usually a plain glass control and the test sample.
When a bird is brought to the tunnel for testing, the tunnel-testing technician removes it from the bag and evaluates it. Any bird that appears stressed is safely released without being put through a tunnel trial. For birds in good condition, the band number is recorded and the bird is released into the tunnel by hand through a sleeve set into the tunnel's end panel. Any bird that does not fly after 30 seconds in the tunnel is withdrawn and released.
Birds are observed and filmed as they fly down the dark tunnel toward the light at the far end, where they are presumably attempting to exit by flying toward either the invisible control glass or a test panel. A mist net in front of the glass prevents birds from actually hitting the glass — the net is also taut so that birds gently bounce off instead of getting tangled.
Flight type is recorded, as is each bird's destination: Did it head toward the clear control glass panel, toward the test glass panel, or to the side, floor, or ceiling of the tunnel? Data are recorded on a notebook computer, or on paper, as weather dictates. All trials are video recorded as well as observed live. After each flight, the operator releases the bird by opening a door in the side of the tunnel, level with the net.
Consistency matters, and the tunnel has some special features to ensure the efficacy of the trials. It is mounted on a pivot and is rotated every five minutes to keep a constant orientation, with the sun always directly behind the operator. Mirrors at the sides of the tunnel reflect ambient light onto the front surfaces, the “bird approach side” of the glass. Greatly reduced natural light falls on the back surface of the glass, mimicking the lighting differential between indoors and outdoors in buildings.
Test materials are presented in random order and in equal frequency on the left and right side. At regular intervals, proofing trials using two clear panes or no glass are run as a control. During these trials, equal numbers of flights to left and right indicate that the tunnel itself is not influencing the choice made by the birds.
See the Powdermill Tunnel in action! Discover Canada created this short film about ABC's glass evaluation program.
We score at least 80 trials per tested material to account for environmental variation and the fact that we are running trials with a variety of bird species. ABC defines the Material Threat Factor (TF) for a pattern or material as the percentage of birds tested that flew toward that material. So, if 20 0f 80 birds fly toward the tested glass, 20/80=25% and the TF=25.
Not all birds banded at PARC are tested in the tunnel — some are too large and might break through the net and hit the glass (e.g., Blue Jay, Wood Thrush), others are too small and might fly through the net (e.g., Ruby-throated Hummingbird), and still others tend to cling to the tunnel's interior walls instead of completing a trial (e.g., Ruby-crowned and Golden-crowned Kinglets, White- and Red-breasted Nuthatches, and Black-capped Chickadees).
Are birds colliding with your home or building? Use our guide to find solutions and protect birds!
Birds, unlike humans, are unable to understand or learn the concept of ‘glass' as an invisible barrier that can also be a mirror. Birds take what they see literally – and glass can appear to be habitat they can fly into, whether the habitat is reflected, or seen through a pane of glass.
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“Down in the Willow Garden” is a double murder ballad—only one person is murdered but she’s murdered twice, first with poison wine and then with a saber. William Butler Yeats, the Irish poet, speaks about hearing an old woman in Ballisodare singing the song “Down in the Sally Gardens,” and he based a poem on that. “Sally” is just another name for “willow.” The only real clue in this American version to its Irish origins is the girl’s name, which is Rose Connelly.
This excerpt of “Down in the Willow Garden” is arranged to be played with a plectrum. When I play the melody, I play it on the low strings and the accompaniment on the high strings. I keep it pretty simple, with a lot of force and a lot of rattle and clang, which helps this song.
The melody is in a pentatonic mode; it’s a scale that leaves out the four and the seven (1, 2, 3, 5, 6) and the sixth note is very strong. When you hear different people accompany themselves, there’s always a difference in what they’re going to do on that note. Some people will play an Em (in the key of G). A lot of the mountain folk who sang this song didn’t know an Em chord. They knew an E major chord so they played that. It does break the mode, but it sounds really good.
Many of the teachers who contribute lessons to Acoustic Guitar also offer private or group instruction, in-person or virtually. Check out our Acoustic Guitar Teacher Directory to learn more!
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Grow Green Chillies At Home.
Growing green chillies at home is a relatively simple process. Here are the steps to follow:
- Choose the right spot: Green chillies need a lot of sunlight and warmth to grow properly, so choose a sunny spot in your garden or balcony where they can receive at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight every day.
- Prepare the soil: Green chillies prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of around 6.5 to 7.0. Mix compost or manure with the soil to enrich it and improve its drainage.
- Plant the seeds: Sow the seeds directly into the soil, about 1 cm deep, and space them about 20-30 cm apart. Water the seeds gently to avoid disturbing them.
- Water regularly: Green chillies require regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather. Water them deeply once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions.
- Fertilize: Feed your chillies with a balanced fertilizer every 2-3 weeks to promote healthy growth and fruit production.
- Control pests: Keep an eye out for pests like aphids, mites, and whiteflies, which can damage the plants. You can use organic pest control methods like neem oil or insecticidal soap to control them.
- Harvest the chillies: Green chillies usually take about 60-90 days to mature, depending on the variety. Pick the chillies when they are fully grown and green in color. Leaving them on the plant for too long can cause them to turn red and lose their flavor.
By following these steps, you should be able to grow healthy and flavorful green chillies at home.
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Josiah Henson Museum and Park is the former plantation property of Isaac Riley where Reverend Josiah Henson was enslaved. This park is a historic resource of local, state, national and international significance because of its association with Reverend Henson, whose 1849 autobiography, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe’s landmark novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
The Park contains the historic Riley/Bolten House (1800-1815) and its attached log kitchen (1850-51).
Ongoing archaeological excavations seek to find where Josiah Henson may have lived on the site.
The Josiah Henson Museum and Park is part of the National Park Service National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom program.
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Every year, the cross-shelf transport of carbon-rich particles from the Barents and Kara Seas could bind up to 3.6 million metric tons of CO2 in the Arctic deep sea for millennia. In this region alone, a previously unknown transport route uses the biological carbon pump and ocean currents to absorb atmospheric CO2 on the scale of Iceland’s total annual emissions, as researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute and partner institutes report in the current issue of the journal Nature Geoscience.
Compared to other oceans, the biological productivity of the central Arctic Ocean is limited, since sunlight is often in short supply — either due to the Polar Night or to sea-ice cover — and the available nutrient sources are scarce. Consequently, microalgae (phytoplankton) in the upper water layers have access to less energy than their counterparts in other waters. As such, the surprise was great when, on the expedition ARCTIC2018 in August and September 2018 on board the Russian research vessel Akademik Tryoshnikov, large quantities of particulate — i.e., stored in plant remains — carbon were discovered in the Nansen Basin of the central Arctic. Subsequent analyses revealed a body of water with large amounts of particulate carbon to depths of up to two kilometres, composed of bottom water from the Barents Sea. The latter is produced when sea ice forms in winter, then cold and heavy water sinks, and subsequently flows from the shallow coastal shelf down the continental slope and into the deep Artic Basin.
“Based on our measurements, we calculated that through this water-mass transport, more than 2,000 metric tons of carbon flow into the Arctic deep sea per day, the equivalent of 8,500 metric tons of atmospheric CO2. Extrapolated to the total annual amount revealed even 13.6 million metric tons of CO2, which is on the same scale as Iceland’s total annual emissions,” explains Dr Andreas Rogge, first author of the Nature Geoscience study and an oceanographer at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). This plume of carbon-rich water spans from the Barents- and Kara Sea shelf to roughly 1,000 kilometres into the Arctic Basin. In light of this newly discovered mechanism, the Barents Sea — already known to be the most productive marginal sea in the Arctic — would appear to effectively remove roughly 30 percent more carbon from the atmosphere than previously believed. Moreover, model-based simulations determined that the outflow manifests in seasonal pulses, since in the Arctic’s coastal seas, the absorption of CO2 by phytoplankton only takes place in summer.
Understanding transport and transformation processes within the carbon cycle is essential to creating global carbon dioxide budgets and therefore also projections for global warming. On the ocean’s surface, single-celled algae absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and sink towards the deep sea when aged out. Once carbon bound in this manner reaches the deep water, it stays there until overturning currents bring the water back to the ocean’s surface, which takes several thousand years in the Arctic. And if the carbon is deposited in deep-sea sediments, it can even be trapped there for millions of years, as only volcanic activity can release it. This process, also known as the biological carbon pump, can remove carbon from the atmosphere for long periods of time and represents a vital sink in our planet’s carbon cycle. The process also represents a food source for the local deep sea fauna like sea stars, sponges and worms. What percentage of the carbon is actually absorbed by the ecosystem is something only further research can tell us.
The polar shelf seas harbour other largely unexplored regions in which bottom water is formed and flows into the deep sea. As such, it can be assumed that the global influence of this mechanism as a carbon sink is actually much greater. “However, due to the ongoing global warming, less ice and therefore less bottom water is formed. At the same time more light and nutrients are available for the phytoplankton, allowing more CO2 to be bound. Accordingly, it’s currently impossible to predict how this carbon sink will develop, and the identification of potential tipping points urgently calls for additional research,” says Andreas Rogge.
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Importance of Providing Meaningful Student Feedback
Feedback is any response regarding a student’s performance or behavior. It can be verbal, written or gestural. The purpose of feedback in the assessment and learning process is to lớn improve a student’s performance - not put a damper on it. It is essential that the process of providing feedback is a positive, or at least a neutral, learning experience for the student. Negative feedback can discourage student effort and achievement. Instructors have the distinct responsibility to lớn nurture a student’s learning and to provide feedback in such a manner that the student does not leave the classroom feeling defeated.
Characteristics of Effective Feedback
Educative in Nature
Providing feedback means giving students an explanation of what they are doing correctly AND incorrectly, with the focus of the feedback on what the students is doing right. It is most productive to lớn a student’s learning when they are provided with an explanation as to lớn what is accurate and inaccurate about their work. One technique is to lớn use the concept of a “feedback sandwich” to lớn guide your feedback: Compliment, Correct, Compliment.
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Given In a Timely Manner
When student feedback is given immediately after showing proof of learning, the student responds and remembers the experience about what is being learned more positively. If we wait too long to lớn give feedback, the student might not connect the feedback with the learning moment.
Sensitive to lớn the Individual Needs of the Student
It is vital that we take into consideration each individual when giving student feedback. Our classrooms are full of diverse learners. Some students need to lớn be nudged to lớn achieve at a higher level and other needs to lớn be handled gently sánh as not to lớn discourage learning and damage self-esteem.
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Answers the 4 Questions
Studies of effective teaching and learning (Dinham, 2002, 2007a; 2007b) have shown that learners want to lớn know where they stand in regards to lớn their work. Providing answers to lớn the following four questions on a regular basis will help provide quality student feedback.
- What can the student do?
- What can’t the student do?
- How does the student’s work compare with that of others?
- How can the student bởi better?
Provides a Model or Example
Communicate with your students the purpose for an assessment and/or student feedback. Demonstrate to lớn students what you are looking for by giving them an example of what an A+ paper looks lượt thích. Provide a contrast of what a C- paper looks lượt thích. This is especially important at the upper learning levels.
Suggestions for Effective and Efficient Grading Feedback
The most effective feedback is focused, clear, and considers motivation and learning, not justifying a grade or on copyediting. Below are suggested strategies for providing efficient & effective student feedback.
- Use comments to lớn teach rather kêu ca to lớn justify the grade, focusing on what you’d most lượt thích students to lớn address in future work. Link your comments and feedback to lớn the goals for an assignment.
- Plan early opportunities for students to lớn get feedback on ways of thinking, writing, or problem solving that they will need later, sánh that they don’t develop or repeat common errors. In-class active or collaborative learning exercises can be good moments to lớn provide formative feedback in class, when students are practicing new skills or learning new concepts.
- Avoid over-commenting or “picking apart” students’ work.
- In your final comments, ask questions that will guide further inquiry by students.
- Think about alternatives to lớn writing comments on every individual student’s work. Provide feedback to lớn the whole class orally and/or in a shared written document, or have the class read sample student work together to lớn look for common themes or apply evaluation criteria.
- Giving Student Feedback: trăng tròn Tips To Do It Right. InformEd, Open Colleges
- Grading and Providing Feedback. Center for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning, Elon University
- Rethinking our Relationship with Grading: An Invitation to lớn Reflect and Make the Time, Megan Pietruszewski, The Scholarly Teacher
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Bolitoglossa striatula (Noble, 1918)
© 2009 Sean Michael Rovito (1 of 22)
Diagnosis: Bolitoglossa striatula is a moderately small light-colored salamander with paired dorsal and lateral dark-colored longitudinal stripes, and completely webbed feet. Its venter is usually marked with several dark longitudinal streaks or stripes (Savage 2002). It can be distinguished from most other Honduran species of Bolitoglossa by its extensive webbing and by the toe tips free of the webbing being pointed to acutely rounded; from Honduran species with undifferentiated foot pads that resemble strongly webbed feet, B. striatula can be distinguished by the combination of moderate size (59 mm maximum SVL in males, 66 mm maximum SVL in females), relatively short limbs (limb interval 3.5-4 costal folds in males, 4-5 costal folds in females), moderate numbers of maxillary teeth (>=30 in Honduran specimens), and pale brown to yellowish-brown dorsum with usually incomplete thin brown dorsolateral longitudinal stripes running from just posterior to the head onto the tail (McCranie and Wilson 2002).
Description: Adults measure 81 to 130 mm in total length. Adult males are 37-54 mm in standard length, while adult females are 40-65 mm in standard length. The tail is long, measuring 49 to 55% of total length. Eyes are moderately-sized and do not protrude. Adults have 38-46 maxillary teeth and 22-24 vomerine teeth. No sublingual fold is present. The body has 13 costal grooves. Adpressed limbs are separated by 2 1/2 to 3 costal folds. Hands and feet are fully webbed and lack subterminal pads. Feet are wide. Head width is 14-16% of standard length. Leg length is 20-23% of standard length. It can be distinguished form the similar species B. schizodactyla by coloration; B. schizodactyla is brown to black and lacks longitudinal dark stripes (Savage 2002).
Dorsal and ventral surfaces are cream to yellow with paired brown dorsal stripes. Paired brown lateral stripes extend from the neck onto the base of the tail. On the sides, a cream longitudinal stripe borders a dark lateral stripe and is edged below by a black line. The mid-dorsal light field and lateral light area are marked with tiny brown spots. The venter has two blurry to clear ventrolateral stripes with a few indistinct dark streaks or stripes. Few individuals are immaculate (Savage 2002). The coloration is similar to that of a banana skin (Raffaëlli 2007).
Distribution and Habitat
Country distribution from AmphibiaWeb's database: Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
Trends and Threats
Possible reasons for amphibian decline
General habitat alteration and loss
First described by Noble (1918). The specific name striatula has Latin origins (stria, or stripe, and -ulus, meaning diminutive) and refers to the narrow brown stripes on the dorsal and ventral surfaces (McCranie and Wilson 2002).
The specimen from Limón Province, Costa Rica was originally ascribed to B. flaviventris by Taylor (1941).
Individuals from Volcán de Mombacho, Nicaragua, were formerly referred to B. striatula but are now considered a distinct species, Bolitoglossa mombachoensis (Köhler and McCranie 1999).
A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio).
Barquero, M. D., Salazar-Saavedra, M., Sandoval, L., Brenes, D., Martinez, F., and Figueroa, A. (2010). ''Composition and species richness of herpetofauna in two isolated regions of southern Nicaragua.'' Herpetology Notes, 3, 341-352.
Bolaños, F., Chaves, G., Wake, D., Köhler, G., Castañeda, F., and Kubicki, B. 2008. Bolitoglossa striatula. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 11 March 2011.
Köhler, G. and McCranie, J. R. (1999). ''A new species of salamander from Volcan Mombacho, Nicaragua, formerly referred to Bolitoglossa striatula (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae).'' Senckenbergiana Biologica, 79, 89-93.
McCranie, J. R. (2007). ''Distribution of the amphibians of Honduras by departments.'' Herpetological Review, 38(1), 35-39.
McCranie, J. R., and Wilson, L. D. (2002). ''The Amphibians of Honduras.'' Contributions to Herpetology, Vol 19. K. Adler and T. D. Perry, eds., Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York.
Noble, G. K. (1918). ''The amphibians collected by the American Museum Expedition to Nicaragua in 1916.'' Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 38, 311-347.
Raffaëlli, J. (2007). Les Urodèles du monde. Penclen Edition, France.
Savage, J. M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica:a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA and London.
Sunyer, J., Páiz, G., Dehling, D. M., and Köhler, G. (2009). ''A collection of amphibians from Río San Juan, southeastern Nicaragua.'' Herpetology Notes, 2, 189-202.
Taylor, E. H. (1941). ''New amphibians from the Hobart M. Smith Mexican collections.'' University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 27, 141-167.
Originally submitted by: David Chen (first posted 2009-11-02)
Edited by: Kellie Whittaker (2011-04-11)
Species Account Citation: AmphibiaWeb 2011 Bolitoglossa striatula <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4016> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Dec 2, 2023.
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Citation: AmphibiaWeb. 2023. <https://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 2 Dec 2023.
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Grocery shoppers will have noticed that for a food product to be considered truly “healthy,” it is no longer enough to be certified organic. Now, consumers worried about their health look for foods stamped with the label “non-GMO,” a designation that has become ubiquitous, even in the pet food aisle.
Supporters of genetic modification of food plants point to the great benefit of creating strains of wheat and rice that can be grown with less water, in a world where that commodity grows scarce and the population is booming. Those who oppose GMO crops call it a potentially dangerous and radical technology that breaks down nature’s genetic barriers with unforeseen consequences.
Recent developments in the field of genetic manipulation have raised the ethical stakes considerably, and have ushered the prospect of a not-so-distant future when not just food, but boys and girls may be certified as “non-GMO.”
In November 2018, a Chinese scientist, Dr. Jiangku He, announced the genetic modification and birth of two baby girls: Nana and Lulu. Using the same techniques developed to modify corn and wheat, he claims to have edited the girls’ genome and made them resistant to HIV infection.
If his experiment worked, he has “enhanced” their DNA, and in such a way that the results will be passed down to their offspring.
By experimenting on embryo humans in the laboratory and changing their genetic complements, and then transferring them to their mother’s uterus where they gestated and were born, he has crossed an ethical bright line.
He has also upset the scientific community, violated international agreements, and scared a public that is understandably wary of gene editing in plants, let alone humans.
Just as in plants, the main danger of genetic engineering for humans is unforeseen consequences, although these are much more ethically charged. With a food plant, we worry about negative consequences for people who eat them.
But when He changed the DNA of those two baby girls using a technique called CRISPR, he was conducting an “experiment” on them, and one, of course, they had not consented to. He hopes that he has “improved” their DNA, but the complex way genes are expressed are not fully understood.
Instead of conferring a new protection against HIV on these girls, he may have introduced, instead, a susceptibility to a virus or a predisposition to cancer.
Whatever he has done will be borne by them and by their descendants, bringing us to the next ethical assault: The human genome has been altered, and not by thousands of years of mating and natural selection, but by one rogue scientist on a quest for fame and the Nobel prize.
Only a little imagination is needed to envision the creation of a market around this new ability to “enhance” babies. Just as today labs offer us the ability to choose the sex of our child through sperm-spinning and sex-selective abortion, in the near-scientific future wealthy parents will choose their children’s qualities.
The offspring of the rich will be tall, athletic, smart, and resistant to cancer and infection. And everyone else will get by with whatever God gives them. Perfection will be offered for sale, but what people will be buying is the mad hubris of seeking to control and dominate everything, even the intricacies and surprises of human life.
Right now in the United States, experimenting on the DNA of human embryos is perfectly legal, while implanting them into a woman and letting them be born is prohibited by the FDA. This is not good enough.
The story of He has shown that every laboratory is the Wild West and every scientist a potential desperado. Our laws need to reflect the fact that the human genome is a universal patrimony and every human being, embryo or born, is a person deserving of the highest respect and consideration.
We’ve got high standards for food. We need to apply them to people.
Dr. Grazie Pozo Christie grew up in Guadalajara, Mexico, coming to the U.S. at the age of 11. She has written for USA TODAY, National Review, The Washington Post, and The New York Times, and has appeared on CNN, Telemundo, Fox News, and EWTN. She practices radiology in the Miami area, where she lives with her husband and five children.
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After the first COVID-19 case was detected in the SADC region in early March 2020, countries imposed restrictions or lockdowns of differing intensity and duration as an urgent response in dealing with the health crisis posed by the pandemic. These measures disrupted social and economic life and access to health services, many of which were reconfigured to manage COVID-19 cases. In the SADC region, national responses to COVID-19 occurred in a context of systemically weak and under resourced health systems and high burden of HIV, and other chronic illnesses among the populace.
Community-led or outreach activities play a key role in mobilizing communities, combatting stigma, holding government accountable in policy and practice, and supporting health systems as well as have unique reach to populations who are disproportionately burdened by the HIV epidemic. Community-led HIV responses are the cornerstone to the HIV response in the region 3 but little is known about the impacts of the COVID-19 measures on the gains the region has made in the provision of HIV prevention, care and treatment.
This brief presents the findings of a rapid assessment amongst 25 civil society organisations involved in the HIV response across the SADC region and provides recommendations for sustaining the community-led HIV response in the face of ongoing and future health crises.
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That digitization has spontaneously turned our everyday lives – the way we live, love, learn, work, consume and communicate – upside down is not something we can even claim right now, at the start of the great AI revolution. How long it has been with us in the first place cannot be accurately determined.
If you ask one of their latest achievements – the chat bot AI ChatGPT, which was presented to the general public last fall – about this, you will get more or less reliable but concrete information with the introductory words “Essentially, the beginning of digitization in the late 1940s and early 1950s is marked by the development of the first functional digital computer.” And who else should we ask for such a complicated answer today?
But digitization as we understand it today, ChatGPT further concedes, began in the 1990s with the advent of the World Wide Web and increasing access to the Internet. This, according to Chat Bot, led to an exponential increase in networking, communication and data sharing. The development of smartphones, social media, cloud computing and other technologies would have driven digitization even further in the years that followed. In any case, it is important to note the fact that it’s a continuous process and has evolved over time. A series of technological innovations that have led our society to the world we find ourselves in today.
The Children of Digitization
Apple’s first iPhone also had something to do with its beginnings some 15 years ago. But ‘digitization’ means much more than the introduction of ever newer technologies into our everyday lives. Rather, it also describes the phenomenon that we have since been linking digital technologies ever more closely with our identities. It is therefore not only technological progress itself, but also our acceptance of everything digital that has surrounded us since then. So even if we don’t know exactly how long it has been with us, it is certainly not a recent phenomenon that can be neglected. Whoever the “digital natives” are, the children of digitization, the first cohorts whose representatives can proudly call themselves such have now grown out of their infancy. However, it is not the year of birth alone that determines the possession of this enviable digital competence, but rather the form of socialization of these generations: By definition, digital natives gain their first experience with digital technologies in their early childhood. In fact, however, childhood contact with smartphones and the like is not enough to turn them into competent users. But does this digital preschool training give them a clear head start in terms of digitization? The argument is obvious: because they have learned to navigate through virtual environments from the very beginning, they should have fewer difficulties getting used to the new technologies. In an increasingly digitizing world, this ability can be crucial.
So what does it take to prepare a society for the future? Are there also potential disadvantages to being a ‘digital native’?
Not all children who use digital media from a very early age have the same experiences, and not all experiences that children have with in the virtual world necessarily apply to every comparable situation. But early use is also said to sometimes lead to addictions, causing children to neglect physical activities and reduce social interactions in the real world. It can lead to difficulties developing social skills in face-to-face contact. Also, while the Internet offers a wealth of information, not all of it is accurate or trustworthy, and children may have trouble distinguishing between relevant and misleading content. They may also be unaware of potential privacy risks when sharing personal information on social media. The use of digital technologies also poses risks such as cyberbullying and accidental access to inappropriate content. The bottom line: A society that wants to ensure a real benefit from digitization must teach children how to navigate their digital world appropriately from an early age.
How do we teach 21st Century Skills?
In addition to natural familiarity with the new cultural technologies of our time, many more skills and abilities are among the most important 21st century skills. Naturally, however, the blessing of constantly developing digital possibilities also goes hand in hand with a continuously lagging competence to reflect on them. Now, at the latest, it is important to pursue a sustainable strategy, to go beyond “mere familiarization with digitality” and to build up a fundamental understanding. An education system that not only trains hard skills, such as application and programming knowledge, but also teaches a responsible existence in a constantly renewing technosphere can only be of central importance in this matter.
“Self-determination is at the heart of digital literacy. It comes from a comprehensive understanding of the digital world and the knowledge of how to move (safely) in this world.”Nicole Grüneis, Content and Education Developer, Ars Electronica Center
The answer of the state education system is the “digital school” and “digital basic education,” at the center of which is self-determination “through a comprehensive understanding of the digital world and the knowledge of how to move (safely) in this world,” says Nicole Grüneis, Content and Education Developer at the Ars Electronica Center. The big challenge here, however, is not to provide hardware and software suitable for teaching, but to build a sustainable knowledge infrastructure for teachers. What is needed is learning that is not limited to the functionalities, but that offers an examination of the mechanisms of digital technology, the ethical aspects and the societal contexts.
Last but not least, schools in the 21st century will also have to be about maintaining a positive open-mindedness toward digital technologies and preserving the joy of lifelong learning. For it will need a society that not only adapts reflectively to a constantly changing world, but also wants to help shape it in a self-determined way.
Looking for new ideas to teach important skills for the 21st century? The Ars Electronica Center is also committed to teaching learning and teaching with and about technologies according to the curriculum. With our offerings for secondary schools and junior high schools, we want to make it easier for teachers and students to get started with the complex educational topic of digital literacy. For teachers, there is our updated training offer. Let’s jointly provide the young generation with new future skills!
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💡 Research Paper Examples on Safety
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Prevention is the main concept and the primary objective of OHS management. There are several ways to control such accidents and hazardous manual handling within OHS regulations
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The modern health care sector faces multiple problems related to the provision of care to patients in appropriate ways and preservation of the high quality of their lives.
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Improving patient safety has a direct correlation with quality healthcare, which makes this a primary concern that requires attention.
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The medical and nursing staff can harm patients because of inattention, lack of cooperation, and lack of knowledge and communication.
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The annotated bibliography is on EMR and CDSS, the implementation of which contributes to patient safety, quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team.
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- Safety Culture in Nursing Home Settings
In a nursing home setting, a safety culture should be focused on effective rehabilitation and appropriate transitions among care environments.
- Improvement Science Models to Promote Quality and Safety
Improvement science models are designed to integrate evidence-based improvement practices in service delivery processes through improvements in patient safety and service quality.
- The Role of Quality and Safety in Nursing Science
The paper defines quality and safety measures, offers a modern example applied in nursing science, and comments on their needed components to analyze a health care program’s outcomes.
- National Patient Safety Goal: Evidence-Based Care
Evidence-based practice may affect personal practice as a registered nurse in two main ways – it develops critical reading skills and accountability.
- Child Safety Promotion and Injury Risk Reduction
It is important to educate the communities about the importance of medication because some of their cultural beliefs may be opposed to taking drugs.
- Public Health & Safety: Evidence-Based Practice
Deploying different types of data visualization is critical when addressing public health concerns since none of the methods allows illustrating every aspect of a concern.
- Quality of Healthcare and Safety Measures
The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between safety measures and cost savings and define the Joint Commission’s role in the healthcare sector.
- Acne Treatment Plan's Efficacy and Safety
Acne is a protracted inflammatory skin infection and is the most common skin ailment. It is normal for teenagers to contract acne.
- QSEN Competencies and Safety Lessons: Personal Review
As a student nurse, I learned a lesson related to safety that it is necessary to demonstrate effective use of strategies to decrease the risk of harm to patients or yourself.
- Leadership, Quality, and Safety in Healthcare
Safety and quality within health care and hospital settings are one of the most critical aspects that are important to patients and their families.
- “Developing Nurse Medication Safety Training” by Bull
This essay aims to critique two peer-reviewed quantitative studies, thus concluding on their uses in answering the PICOT question.
- Prioritizing Safety and Enhancing Nurses’ Proficiency
After careful implementation of the Rosswurm and Larrabee’s strategies, the nurses will be able to handle the demanding jobs in front of them.
- Organizational Culture Barriers to Patient Safety
In the work environment, nurses often face barriers to the patients ’safety and the services’ quality that are truly hard to overcome.
- Hospital Safety Survey
Introducing the principles of quality performance into the healthcare environment is critical for managing patients’ needs and preventing medical errors from occurring in the clinical context.
- Health, Safety, and Security in the Salon and Spa
When using a spa or a sauna, people must observe certain hygiene rules. Before entering the steam room, clients need to take a shower and wipe themselves.
- Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program Implementation Into Practice
In this paper, the CUSP method, its implementation, and potential barriers be discussed in order to understand what kind of care can be offered to patients.
- Technologies in Health Care: Electronic Health Record and Culture of Safety
EHRs are needed only when a patient addresses for help and a healthcare provider is already involved in safety events.
- Health, Safety and Nutrition for the Young Child
Ensuring proper health, safety, and nutrition for a young child requires strict adherence to certain health precautions.
- Working Hours of Hospital Nurses and Patient Safety
Nurses will work with sober minds during the initial hours, but as they become tired, they serve patients inaccurately.
- The Quality of Nursing Care: The Patient Safety
The article gives definitions of quality health care and patient safety however mentioning that patient safety heavily relies on quality care.
- Patient Safety: Academic Dissemination of Findings
Disseminating the findings could improve the utilization of health data to find the most effective interventions for promoting teamwork and collaboration in the practical setting.
👍 Good Safety Essay Samples for College
- Gun Control for Safety or Rights Violation?
At present, gun possession has become a real issue for much of the world’s population and, as such, gun control demands careful consideration.
- Fire Safety and Prevention in Buildings and Structures
Fire safety in buildings and structures initially involves careful engineering that requires scientific study for engineering application.
- Occupational Health Safety in the Construction Industry of Saudi Arabia
The thesis is set out to investigate the occupational health safety (OHS) in the construction industry with special reference to Saudi Arabia.
- Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.: Safety, Environment, and Health
The following paper presents an analysis of the challenges facing Royal Caribbean Limited in relation to the effort to enhance safety, health, and environment management.
- Response For Both Public and Fire-Fighter Safety
Fire fighting is a risky job yet even the developed nations do not have effective programs that ensure the safety of the firefighters.
- Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
With the advancement of IT and computer technology, most companies, organization and institutions have changed from the old method of record storage to the use of computers.
- Fire Safety by Testing Systems and Materials Used
In the modern highly technological world, proper attention paid to the issue of fire protection and fire safety is the condition of continuous social development.
- Health and Safety Trainings for Employees
Health and safety training is of extreme importance, as it helps to protect the employees from hazards of all types.
- The Columbia Disaster and Safety Violations
Various types of unethical behavior and even violations of safety concerns eventually led to the Columbia disaster and deaths of the astronauts.
- A Safety Trouble in the Truss Construction Shop
Safety in the workplace should remain one of the key concerns in the construction industry due to the high rates of exposure to imminent physical danger for construction workers.
- Mobile Homes, Tents, and Fire Safety in Qatar
The paper considers the problem of fire safety for mobile homes and tents, as well as camping areas in the Qatar.
- External Effects on Workplace Health and Safety
External effects on workplace health and safety are versatile and concern many factors within the workspace in this or that workplace.
- Safety Culture in an ICU: Omani Registered Nurses’ Perception
The safety culture relates to attitudes, beliefs, roles, and practices of individuals as well as their groups within an organization about possible injuries to which they can be exposed.
- Worker Safety Incentive Programs in Construction Job Sites
This paper has found that worker safety incentive programs mostly have a positive impact upon safety performance standards but the results are achieved over a given timeframe.
- Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare Laws
This paper will analyze the stated laws, establish the responsibilities of employers and finally evaluate the protections that employees get from the law.
- The Orientation-Safety Portion Training Concept
The main objectives of the Orientation-Safety Portion Training help in educating new employees and current employees on potential safety hazards in the workplace.
- Space Programs, Safety Issues, and Review of Technologies in Use
Review of space mission and propulsion technologies; Investigation of the capabilities of various state-of-the-art space propulsion systems.
- Mobile Phone Safety
This essay will provide an argumentative outline describing the reasons in favor of, and against the safety concerns of mobile phones.
- Occupational Safety and Health Act
OSHA is an example of a legal change that positively affected many people. This is the main point that should be made.
- Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005
The law deals with the proper and clear definition of the terms and the mode of operations to be enacted. It also illustrates the Public Health Service Act amendments.
- A Guide to Health and Safety for Small Manufacturing Businesses
This dissertation is about the health and safety of workers in the workplace, the methodology includes a literature review and qualitative analysis using survey questionnaires.
- Management: Medicare and Workplace Safety
This paper discusses Medicare at the workplace, pension and compensations, and quality of work as the topics that are crucial for an employee.
- Promoting Safety with Medication Administration
The wrong prescription of medicines and their use without taking into account and features of interaction with other drugs can lead to complications and even fatal outcomes.
- Policy Perspectives: Hospital Staff and Patient Safety
The study is concerned with the shortage of trained nurses in hospitals and the need to provide high-quality care in the changing environment of the 21st century.
- Patient Safety Culture in the Healthcare Workplace
The paper describes reflecting on patient safety culture, including examples that were in the field of the hospital.
- National Patient Safety Goals: Critical Care Access
Limited access to healthcare services has been on the agenda of the modern healthcare system for quite a long, warranting the status of critical concern.
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- Safety, Technology, and Informatics Concepts
Patient safety in the healthcare industry is a discipline that emerged amid evolving complexities in care system and rising harm. Analysis of safety, technology, and informatics.
- Effective Visuals in Digital Safety Posters for Young Pupils
This study is intended to analyze the tools that different educational facilities employ to promote digital safety among younger generations.
- Management of Change and Professional Safety – Article Critique
Risk management is the procedures and actions that allow a manager to identify, evaluate, monitor and eliminate risks before or during their transformation into problems.
🎓 Simple Research Papers about Safety
- Safety Culture in Hong Kong Construction Industry
The objective of this paper is to study the extent of the development of a safety culture in the construction industry in Hong Kong.
- Occupational Health and Safety: Precautionary Principle
Occupational health and safety officers in many industries are usually very concerned with the exposure of the workforce to potentially harmful situations, including radiation.
- Emergency Action Plan: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The evacuation plans of the buildings must be printed and placed inside the building for easy access to all employees at all times.
- Medication Errors: Patient Safety Concern in Nursing
Medication errors are a widespread patient safety issue: in fact, it is the most common medical error, which illustrates its significance for nursing practice.
- Patient Safety and the Chain of Command in Nursing
The paper states that the chain of command impacts patients' health. The aspects are studied by researchers to propose new promising tools.
- Virtual Teams: Leadership, Communication, Autonomy, and Psychological Safety
Participative leadership, task-oriented communication, conflict resolution, and technical skills are fundamental for modern leaders working with virtual teams.
- Safety-Enhancing Technologies in Nursing
The Quality and Safety Education for nurses aims at the integration of quality and safety competencies into nursing education
- The Factors Supporting Patient Safety in Primary Care Settings
The study aims to discuss the factors promoting safety culture in primary care units with a special focus on nursing roles, identify benefits associated with well-developed organizational safety culture.
- Evaluation of Safety and Ethical Measures in Health Products
Safety measures fall under ethical legislative protocols for use in specific institutions. The main spotlight is on the safety of the use of disinfectants on endoscopes.
- Enhancing Quality and Safety in Medication Administration
Medication administration errors (MAE) interfere with patient safety, and nurses should apply the best strategies and solutions to minimize them.
- Genetically Modified Food: Safety and Regulations
Genetically modified foods have certain importance to human health, although opponents argue that they can cause health hazards, such as cancer and allergic conditions.
- Risk Management and Patient Safety
The purpose of safety control of medical activity is to ensure the rights of patients to obtain the required volume of medical care in accordance with health care standards.
- Client Safety as a Public Health Issue in Nursing
The purpose of this paper is to investigate possible solutions to medical errors on an individual level, health system level, and community level.
- Applying Evidence to Improve Quality and Safety
The relationships among safety, quality, and costs continue to attract the attention of many health specialists.
- Qatar Petroleum: Fire Safety Management Plan
The plan is developed in strict compliance with international standards and the guidelines of Qatar Petroleum and the National Fire Protection Association.
- A Fire Safety Class Held in a Preschool
The paper states that the case illustrates a fire safety class held in a preschool. Children were taught the basics of emergency case information.
- Information Literacy in Public Safety Sector
Information literacy is an important factor in any organizational and community setting as it protects the lives of citizens, make them to understand how and where to access information.
- Quality or Safety Indicators of Care
Before a patient is discharged, it is expected that he or she will be advised on self-care, especially when and how to take their medication.
- Safety Culture in the Healthcare Workplace
As healthcare systems become more complex, there are growing concerns about the safety of patients and healthcare workers.
- “Burnout and Food Safety”: Aims, Significance, and Findings
The article “Burnout and Food Safety” aims to analyze the relationship between job motivation, job satisfaction, burnout, and food safety practices.
- Safety in Schools: Safety Issues in Schools
Definitions about school safety issues include combinations of bullying, fighting, gang activity, weapons at school, school shootings, violence against authority figures or school staff, etc.
- Risk Management: Researching of Mine Safety
The Mine Health and Safety Act 29 of 1996 oversees mining health and safety in South Africa. It is critical to understand the laws governing South Africa’s mining safety.
- Management of Occupational Safety and Health in Primary School in Libya
Because Libya is a developing country that faces issues in the educational system, the government should seek to improve OSH management in primary schools.
- Safety at Dialysis Centers
The main problem the dialysis centers are facing is non-compliance with the federal and state medical quality standards, thus exposing patients to unnecessary harm.
- Nurse Staffing Standards for Hospital Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2019
The bill's title is Nurse Staffing Standards for Hospital Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2019. It addresses the policymakers and nurse practitioners.
- Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health
The article discusses a complex issue about workers' safety in global supply chains can be ensured only in the case of combined efforts of involved nations.
- Practices for Healthcare Staff’s Personal Safety
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant public health challenge. Stakeholders have highlighted prevention as the mainstay of controlling the disease.
- Aviation Safety: Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)
Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents due to error by pilots occur when they fail to control aircraft during landing owing to lack of skills or disorientation.
- Health and Safety Case Study: Fatal Workplace Accident at the Foster’s Abbotsford Brewery
The report highlights the factors that caused the accident, possible prevention measures, the court decision, and its consequences for the company and family.
- Safety & Lean: One Manufacturer’s Lessons Learned and Best Practices
A lot of organizations noticed the enhancement of business performance after the shift from traditional methods of production to lean methods of production.
✍️ Best Safety Essay Examples to Write about
- Risk and Safety Management in Project Development
As far as the individual level of safety is concerned, micro-events are especially important as they happen exclusively at this level of project accomplishment.
- Safety in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the need for safety is the most impactful factor that determines the development of the individual and directly influences their quality of life.
- Safety of the Sexual Relationships
Today sex education should focus more on psychological aspects rather than merely explaining means of contraception.
- Patient Safety: Ways of Reducing Medication Error and Falls
Motivation, increased Staffing Ratio, training, controlled development are some of the strategies that can be employed to reduce medication errors.
- Public Safety Research Methods
There are two primary methods of research design in research: qualitative and quantitative. The present paper reviews the pros and cons of both methods to appreciate their value.
- Safety Management System Concept
Safety management system (SMS) is a business management system that is used to help in the management of safety issues in an organization.
- Fire Safety and Prevention: Studies on Fire Safety Engineering in Buildings and Structures
This paper aims to define the risks of fire damage, fire safety, and engineering structures that should serve as models for safety and fire prevention.
- Nurse-Patient Communication and Patient Safety
This essay elaborates on nurse-patient communication, interdisciplinary communication, and patient safety in healthcare settings.
- The Royal Oman Police’ Traffic Safety
A social problem can be defined in different ways. Definitions by policy analysts have momentous consequences, both political and economical.
- Patients’ Safety: Quality Management and Improvement
The paper will discuss three methodologies for integrating quality improvement strategies into patients’ safety measurements.
- Safety Role in Space Tourism
Space tourism is a concept that is gaining popularity largely due to technological advancement and embracement by private investors.
- Safety in the Australian Offshore Petroleum Industry
This report analyses occupational health and safety in Australia with the major focus on the offshore petroleum industry.
- High-Voltage Power Lines: Safety and Cost Issues
It has been identified that there has been an increasing public concern over the effect of electromagnetic fields that are generated by high voltage electric wires.
- Importance of Public Safety
I believe there is a dire need to consider society’s wellness, and thus, my desire to be a pillar of change inspired me to pursue a bachelor’s degree, majoring in public safety.
- Aviation Safety Analysis
About 70% of the aircraft accidents are derivatives of pilot mistakes on flight schedules, jet handling, and poor fuel management.
- Speed Limit Is Necessary for Road Safety
Road speed control measures reduce the risk of accidents, injury, and death. The safety of pedestrians and drivers is more dependent on speed limits.
- PetSmart Firm's Health & Safety Procedures Analysis
An overview of the health and safety procedures of PetSmart in relation to its workers will be presented here; then, some improvement recommendations will be made.
- Fire and Life Safety Analysis
The paper research and summarizes an article Fire and Life Safety Analysis about safety management in a child development center.
- Safety and Leadership in Nursing Practice
Nursing practice is constantly changing. Safety is a vital concept in nursing. Nurse leaders have many responsibilities and obligations.
- Leadership for Quality and Safety in Healthcare
This paper will discuss the quality framework used by Victoria Health Services. The paper will consider the key aspects, barriers, and facilitators.
- Missed Care: Patient Safety Culture
Many healthcare theories have outlined several nurse-sensitive indicators capable of catalyzing missed care situations.
- Health and Safety in the Nursing Home Industry
Nursing home industry has been rapidly expanding over the years due to the increased demand for the home care services for the aging population.
- Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006
One of the main peculiarities of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 is that it initiates the creation of a sex offender registry available for public consideration.
- Understaffing Impact on Nurses and Patient Safety
Understaffing creates negative health implications — the nurses suffer from such conditions as professional burnout, emotional exhaustion and increased blood pressure.
- Improving the Quality and Safety of Telehealth by Baker
Telehealth is a modern way to remain in touch with patients. The article Improving quality and safety of telehealth by Baker discusses the central factors linked to this tool.
- Truck Safety Company's Marketing Strategy
The Truck Safety Company’s selling strategy will be to sell to ready buyers and the target is made up of people in the transport industry.
- The Patient Safety Culture in the Healthcare Workplace
The patient safety culture is a multi-dimensional issue that requires the consideration of both patients and personnel.
- Irish Aviation Safety and Its Strategic Position
This report discusses the strategic position of aviation safety in Ireland and highlights the strategic choices and best practices.
- Crime Scene Safety: A Comparison to Forensic Anthropology
Once evidence is removed from the scene, context is effectively destroyed, so it is vital to document these details via notes.
- Nursing Instructions to Improve Patient Safety
The difficulty in assuring quality improvement and patient safety in-home health care is the number of potential emergencies and hazards that can be identified at a patient’s home.
📝 Safety Paper Samples for Your Inspiration
- Personal and Gender Safety in School
The fundamental interest of this statistical project was to determine the agenda of perceived mental safety and gender equity in the school setting.
- Model of Nursing Care and Patient Safety Model
The main purpose of any model of nursing care and patient safety is to present appropriate and in-time services and treatment to a patient.
- Safety and Health Administration in New York City
To monitor a hospital, it is necessary to collect reports on medical and administrative activities from each department.
- Regulation Related to Patient Safety in Healthcare
The Safe Staffing for Nurse and Patient Safety Act of 2018 may serve as an example of a regulation that can successfully lead to improving patient safety and care.
- Patient Safety Culture and Its Elements
Every patient expects to be safe inside a hospital. It is one of the core priorities of a health provider, to avoid all possible harm that can come to the patient.
- Causes of Workplace Safety and Health
To improve safety and health at the workplace, it is necessary to develop a program that encourages continuous assessment and improvement of the workplace safety
- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
Patient assessments and oral presentation of cases is an essential aspect of medical practice. This paper will examine the DRSABCDE system and ISBA presentation system.
- Patient Safety Framework
Since the unit deals with critical situations, the nursing personnel must establish a patient treatment and safety practice that allows nurses to handle various healthcare issues.
- Ethical Dilemma of Legal Business vs. Employee Safety
Chiquita’s case represents a significantly complicated ethical dilemma, as it involves governmental issues of a foreign country and human lives are at stake.
- Healthcare Issues: Safety and Efficiency Amidst Staff Deficiency
In essence, the number of healthcare professionals, especially the nurses has reduced drastically since the scholars are tending to avoid the profession.
- Nursing: Safety for a Heart Failure Patient
This case study about patient safety presents clinical indicators, team interactions, and safety concepts for a heart failure patient.
- Quality and Safety Gap Analysis
The paper analyzes healthcare problem and the propose practice changes to help reduce hospital-acquired infections as a result of the gap in quality and safety were implemented.
- The Air Cargo Industry: Issues, Safety
This report discusses the air cargo industry regulatory and bilateral issues, including safety, security constraints, and solutions to the constraints.
- Monetary Safety Awards
Resources are limited in supply and have a monetary value which makes it mandatory for any organization that values quality and business success to place it amongst top priorities.
- Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety
This paper discusses The Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2019 provision and its anticipated effects on nurses.
- Allina Health Facility's Safety Improvement Plan
In the course of writing this work, it was possible to create a safety improvement plan for Allina Health. At the same time, many factors were taken into account and assessed.
- The Joint Commission's Patient Safety Goals
The Joint Commission oversees voluntary accreditation for healthcare organizations and its goals are specific activities that organizations must follow to prevent medical errors.
- Allowing Armed Teachers on Campus as Safety Measures
Teachers should be authorised to carry concealed guns in schools and attend training courses as a means to prevent mass shootings and hazardous situations.
- Wave: Safety and Not Taking Chances
Wave is a story about safety as Ray is afraid of taking chances due to being caught up between despair and hope.
- Cultural Safety and Transcultural Nursing
Cultural safety and trans-cultural nursing models exist to help in the integration of beliefs and practices of patients and their family in critical care nursing practice.
- Management of Health and Safety
The management failed to provide a healthy working environment for the workers. Safety planning is a vital element in creating a safe working environment.
- Quality and Safety Standards in the Healthcare System
In this paper, the writer shall attempt to explore why applying quality and safety standards in the healthcare system is important.
- London Bombings of 2005 and Transportation Safety
This paper discusses the London Bombings of 2005 and transportation: 7/7 London Bombings, the role of transportation, and the security of passengers and cargo.
- Tthe National Transportation Safety Board
The research paper examines the legal background, identifies the legislative mandate, and describes the investigative process of NTSB in the aviation industry.
- Classroom Management, Safety Environment, and Team-Building
It is important to present specific evidence-based instructions to ensure a safe environment in the classroom.
- Safety Management Plan
An effective SMP system must include the evaluation procedure to help gauge its effectiveness and guide in creation of measures to correct the flaws in the system.
- Researching of Occupational Health and Safety
Safety culture in an organization can be influenced by leadership style, communication, and compliance. Effective communication is integral for maintaining a safe culture.
- Safety and Quality in Healthcare
This paper will discuss and evaluate safety and healthcare quality as nursing concepts. The concepts will be reviewed within the context of their impact on the nursing practice.
- Robotic Surgery and Safety-Related Models
This paper investigates robotic surgery in the context of different safety-related models and analyzes the adverse factors, which could influence public health.
- Health and Safety at Work: Workplace Injuries
Workplace injuries impose huge burdens on families, employees, the economy, and society. Health and safety play a vital role in the work environment.
🌟 Safety Essay Templates to Improve Your Paper
- Ensuring the Safety of Students
In the modern educational space, there are increasing discussions about cybersecurity. Teachers need to protect children from negative or harmful information on the Internet.
- Progress in the Safety of Immigrant Workers
The document examines the various challenges and dangers faced by expats when traveling for work and looking for work.
- Safety Program Management
A safety management plan concentrates on providing safety measures. Companies employ safety management plans with a goal of giving its workers a safe working environment.
- Fire Engineering: Safety in Buildings
Fire safety is important as far as the protection of human life is concerned. The paper explores alternatives to conventional statutory specifications for fire safety in buildings.
- Medical Employees' Psychological Safety in the Workplace
The problem of creating safe conditions both for the patient and the medical staff is of great importance for modern medicine.
- The Impact of Intensive Care Unit on Patient Safety
Intensive care unit constitutes one of the essential patient care systems, its role is pivotal in sustaining life of patients and varies with the degree of complexity of patient condition.
- The Use of Sedatives and Analgesics: Assessment and Safety Plan
A critically ill adult may experience pain and stress, which require additives to reduce the discomfort, however, the use of sedatives must be observed to avoid complications.
- Patient Safety in Ambulatory Care
Nurse practitioners should be properly equipped with resources and knowledge to ensure that the highest patient safety standards are met.
- Patient Safety, Integrity and Virtue Ethics
In the given medical ethics case, a 15-year old boy was left psychotic and severely brain-damaged after a wrong-site surgery on the brain.
- Injection Safety and Syringe Reuse
The reuse of syringes and needles by nurses, doctors, and other healthcare providers in Nevada and Las Vegas led to the spread of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
- Patient Safety: Developing a Clinical Question
Nowadays, patient safety is a universal imperative and aims to prevent medical errors and develop patient safety culture based on the built knowledge.
- Safety and Disaster Training for Healthcare Workers
There are dozens of safety and disaster training that every healthcare worker must undergo. The most essential are induction training, such as workplace orientation and others.
- The EMR and EHR Systems: The Safety Features of Using
This paper analyzes the EMR and EHR systems within an employment or clinical setting, identifies and explains the safety features of using the EMR and EHR.
- Technology to Enhance the Patient’s Safety
This paper discusses technologies to enhance the patient's safety, the impact of information and communication technologies on the practice setting.
- Medication Safety and Reconciliation in Homecare
The medication's incorrect usage leads to negative events such as medication errors and adverse drug reactions, which may warrant the readmission of patients back to health facilities.
- Bribery in Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The paper examines corruption and its two major forms, bribery and extortion, how corruption is presented in OSHA, and what response is currently provided.
- Network Safety of E-Business and Blockchain Technology
Information security threats are various activities that can lead to violations of the information protection state. These are potentially possible events, processes, or actions.
- Workplace Safety and the Semco Method
This paper illustrates many breaches in legislation regarding workplace safety. Organizations should take necessary precautions to prevent workplace accidents.
- Medication Administration Errors and Safety Improvement
This paper provides a root-cause analysis of a safety issue: medication administration errors, relevant strategies, a safety improvement plan, and organizational resources.
- Ethical Requirements for Health and Safety
Governments and labor unions are involved in actions to ensure that employees enjoy a high level of health and safety.
- Healthcare: The Focus on Patient Safety
The focus on patient safety in the hospital is to minimize harm. The hospital administrator should focus on the following guidelines.
- “The Link Between Fire Research and Process Safety” by Cadena and Munoz
The article examines the importance of Risk Analysis in complex buildings and industrial facilities. The article analyzes the effectiveness of different engineering processes.
- Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) is imperative because it equips them with knowledge and skills concerning patient care and the healthcare system.
- Teamwork and Communication Impact on the Patients Safety
This paper investigates the impact of teamwork and communication on the safety of patients both in the hospital and outside the environments of hospitals.
- Health and Safety Legislations in Organisations
The changes envisioned at North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust are likely to affect the communication system in place.
- The Civil Liability of Public Safety
Public safety telecommunications is a tool that ensures the safety of the members of the public and gives direction on the required modes of conduct about telecommunication issues.
- Patient-Centered Care Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
The paper presents the thoughts and findings of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) module on patient-centered care.
- 7-Elleven: Workplace Health and Safety
In 7-Elleven some risky tasks emerges and the workers need to know risks which may result due to chores that are hazardous in nature.
- Enhancing Quality and Safety: Health System
It should be mentioned that mistakes in the field of delivering medical services are inevitable, as doctors and nurses are humans.
- Safety Precautions in Hospitals for Patients and Nurses
A good program proposal should discuss its cost justification, purpose, benefits, professional collaboration, target population, and evaluation to be approved.
- Quality and Safety in Healthcare Management
For a variety of reasons, healthcare organizations nowadays seek to establish solid systems for managing quality and safety in the industry.
- Safety During the Pandemic in Stores
Precautions regarding safety during the pandemic are crucial for any stores nowadays, and the suggestion to take all of them is rational.
- Risk Management and Safety
Hand hygiene is critical for ensuring patient safety and providing clients with quality care. Necessary guidelines should be established to ensure hand hygiene compliance.
- Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements in the Workplace
The strategy of using the concept of compassion in the workplace while compensating the injured, promoting employees, recruiting new staff is long gone.
- Cyber Neighborhood and Customers' Safety
A virtual community that is focused on the industry has been selected to review approaches that are currently used, and discuss the ways in which the situation may be improved.
- Medical Assistance and First Aid in CCI's Safety and Health Plan
Managing medical emergencies before the arrival of professional help appears to be a crucial factor in ensuring that the work environment promotes a sense of reliability.
- Occupational Health and Safety at Workplace
The piece of work looks at the fatal workplace accident that occurred at the Foster’s Abbotsford brewery in Melbourne in April 2006 and the various issues that surrounded the event.
- Lesson Plans on Safety, Laundry and Food Preparation, Communication
The paper provides three lesson plans on safety and self-management skills, laundry and food preparation, communication skills, including lesson preparation, instructional planning.
- Culture of Quality and Safety in Nursing
The paper discusses that healthcare organizations' managers should take care to promote a culture of quality and safety in nursing.
- Occupational Health and Safety in the Organizations
The focal point of this paper will be the stress and work-related illness that is the outcome of hazards caused by the avoidance of occupational health and safety in the organizations.
- Health Information Technology and Patient Safety
The healthcare sector is essential since it supports the life expectancies and experiences of the targeted citizens in a given country.
- Sobriety Tests by National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration devised three sobriety tests to help the police department determine if the road users are sober.
- Envisioning Patient Safety in the Year 2025: Eight Perspectives
In many healthcare centers there is a need to improve the quality of services. Envisioning is the best techniques that can facilitate the realization of the patient safety.
- Marine Surveying, Inspection and Safety Practices
The report investigated the ability of the ship’s crew to fight onboard fires and took a detailed investigation on the kind of fire fighting gears in the ship.
- History of Health, Safety Security and Environment Management
Occupational Safety and Health Administration have the role of safeguarding the health of workers in their working environment.
- Health Care Quality and Safety Issues
Today’s health care system in the USA is not perfect, so the Institute of Medicine has outlined six major aims that currently are being solved by different campaigns.
- Denver International Airport and Safety Concerns
Denver International Airport was founded in 1995 to serve the metropolitan of Denver in Colorado and the larger Front Range Urban Corridor.
- CBI Constructors Firm's Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
This paper deals with the issues of occupational health and safety management systems of CBI Constructors Pty Limited, located in West Perth, Australia.
- Risk Management and Aviation Safety
A safety management system refers to a structural approach to managing the safety of staff as well as clients through accountabilities, policies, and procedures.
- Patients Safety: Barriers and Medical Errors
Patients’ safety is fundamental in the healthcare industry. Patients safety include mechanisms of reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical error.
- Cardiovascular Events: The Impact and Safety of Low-Dose Aspirin
On the basis of the PICOT question, a study dedicated to the impact and safety of aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes was conducted.
- Patient Safety & Communication Among Healthcare Professionals
Effective communication among healthcare professionals such as nurses and non-clinical staff is the factor that guarantees patient safety.
- Designated Person Ashore: Ensuring Safety and Coordination
Before the advent of the designated person ashore, the mortality rate of victims, who were seriously injured in accidents, was significantly high due to the lack of trained and efficient personnel.
- Medication Errors as a Patient Safety Issue
The paper analyzes medication errors as a patient safety issue and the improvements contributing to medication error avoidance and challenges in its application.
- The Industrial Health Safety Guidelines in the Industrial Facility
An organization’s operations that present poor working hygiene exposes its employees to an industrial environment prone to risks.
- Public Safety and Hazards in Aircraft
The safety of passengers in aircraft and people who are in and around airports depends on aircraft and airport operations.
- Controversies in Office of Health, Safety and Security
This article examines worker safety incidents at nuclear facilities amid demands from the Health and Safety Administration to strengthen measures.
- Evidence-Based Practice: The Key to Advancing Quality and Safety in Healthcare
The paper compares and contrasts the two nursing theories and recommends which approach would better fit the facility.
- Safety Plan for the Warehouse with Refrigeration
This is a safety plan for a very large warehouse with a large refrigerated section. The necessity of the plan is caused by workers' reports about cases of illnesses.
- Nursing: Home Health Care and Safety Hazards in the Home
Home health care is becoming more common, especially in developed countries due to its advantages considering the quality of care provided.
- Mental Illness, Safety, and Evidence-Based Practice
The following paper is set out to discuss what one should be assessing for or evaluating in a client with a mental illness.
- Early Childhood Safety Considerations
Ensuring a young child’s safety is of utmost importance, especially when this task is entrusted to an early childhood specialist; caring for children is a great responsibility.
- Cultures of Safety and Cultures of Blame
In the culture of safety leaders and decision-makers take effective measures that promote healthy workplace relations, in which each member of the team is to feel safe.
- Protecting the Elderly from COVID-19: Safety Procedure
It is clear that senior citizens are more vulnerable to COVID-19. The new safety procedure is meant to protect these people from contracting the virus.
- Bike Safety: Purposes of Nursing Research
This paper discusses bike safety, types of research and its purposes, descriptive aspects of qualitative and quantitative studies.
- Nurse Staffing Standards for Hospital Patient Safety and Quality Care Act
Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety require hospitals to implement a stipulated nurse-patient ratio per unit and submit it to the Department of Health.
- Safety Attributes: BMW v. Mercedes-Benz
On the contrary, the correlation of the ErBr and the EsBs indicates that a given percentage of consumers would prefer BMW to Mercedes-Benz on reliability and viability grounds
- Nursing Work Overload and Effect on Patient Safety
This essay discusses the nature of the high nursing workload, the setting in which nursing workload can be observed.
- Marine Surveying, Inspection and Safety Practices
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) was a body developed to deal with Marine Surveying, Inspection, and Safety practices for seaborne vessels.
- Patient Safety Culture in Clinical Experiences
Culture means shared values and beliefs, controlling the working process to produce norms that influence patients and their safety by determining acceptable behavior models.
- The Patient Safety Outcomes: Effect of Nurse Staffing
This paper examines how nurse staffing aspects, namely unit structure and numbers, can impact patient safety outcomes in the hospitals.
- Abortion Safety as Topic of Sociological Studies
Sociological studies show that about half of all abortions are unsafe, while every third abortion is performed in dangerous circumstances.
- Health Priority: Confidentiality or Patient Safety?
The issue of confidentiality guides the practice in the healthcare sector. The safety of the patient should be given priority over the issue of confidentiality.
- The Role and Importance of Patient Safety
Patient safety interventions are practices aimed at reducing the probability of adverse patient outcomes caused by the health care system.
- Infection Control — A Problem for Patient Safety
Infections are triggered by infectious microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi among others. They distract the well being of the host organisms.
- The Impact of School Uniforms on School Safety
Identical dresses can promote equality through smoothing the differences in income that are dramatically apparent if everybody wears casual.
- Safety and Health Care Quality as Concepts
The topic of patient safety is exemplified by medical errors, falls and hospital-acquired infections. One of the components of health care of high quality is patient-centered care.
- Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
Root-cause analysis refers to a methodical strategy that aims at finding the causes of different events to suggest relevant preventive measures.
- Excavation Systems' Planning, Design, and Safety
The government of the United States has come up with measures that are meant to ensure that workers at the excavation sites are protected by the law.
- Safety Regulations in the Construction Industry
The construction safety regulation involves congressional legislation stating the need to protect the health and safety of people, and the external environment.
- Patient Safety Quality of Care to 30-day Unplanned Readmission
The issue of unplanned readmissions to the hospital is reflected in various ways through the four core competencies of professional education.
- Defunding the Police: Safety for Citizens
The purpose of this paper is to support the argument that defunding the police is the right approach as it would make citizens safer.
- Risk Management: Safety Case
A safety case is often termed as a ‘live document’ precisely because in a safety case, the emphasis is more on the application of the case than on the process to develop it.
- Importance of Duty, Rest, and Safety in the Military
Military service requires a great deal of fortitude and integrity, setting the main focus of military duty to the immediate implementation of responsibilities.
- Quality, Safety, and Cost Considerations
Hypertension is a significant health concern, especially in developed countries because affects the quality of care provided to patients and their safety.
- Enhancing the Safety of the Environment
The aim of this paper is to discuss several ideas that can be implemented by teachers for enhancing the safety of the environment.
- Nurse-to-Patient Staffing Ratios and Patient Safety
Insufficient nurse personnel in hospital settings is connected with negative events like medical errors, health-care-associated diseases, and in-hospital deaths.
- Preventing Falls in Hospitals: Quality and Safety
The case study offers a breakdown of patient falls data in the Telemetry Unit for different weekdays and time of the day.
- Nursing: Safety of Patient Care
In healthcare, particularly nursing, a culture of safety has been identified as a key element in promoting safety.
- Patient Safety Policy Proposal
This paper proposes software standardization, working hours’ regulation, and the introduction of new posts, that should become a part of the new public health law.
- Risk and Safety Management: Nuclear Life Cycle
Nuclear life cycles are associated with many radioactive emissions. Alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays radiations form the distinguished bands of emissions from power plants.
- Legal, Safety and Regulatory Requirements – Labor Law
Legal, safety, and regulatory requirements are critical during a human resource process, they exist to standardize human resource practices that are safe to employer and employee.
- Theories of Occupational Health and Safety
The La_Camera restaurant, along with other businesses and companies, has legal and moral responsibilities to ensure that the workplace is safe for the workers
- Criticality Safety Management
The unfolding events and the strategic measures to ensure the material fissile material maintained the sub-’criticality’ level when being handled and relocated for storage are discussed as follows.
- National Patient Safety Goals and Quality Indicators
The essay examines goals and quality indicators of NPSG with the view of establishing their impacts on clinical outcomes and programs.
- Teflon Non-Stick Pans and Related Safety Issues
The research into Teflon non-stick pans has revealed that this cookware has some safety issues that have to be considered by customers and manufacturers.
- A Patient Safety Concern in a Clinical Setting
Patient safety refers to how healthcare providers work in unison to prevent the patient from harm during hospitalization.
- Children’s Wellbeing and Safety in Australia
Swinburne Children’s Centre, which was selected as a case study site for analysis, fits the requirements and policies of the Early Years Learning Framework for Australia.
- Food Storage, Preparation, and Safety Measures
There are essential steps involved from when the food is received until served, the following are the steps to follow to prevent contamination or bacteria growth in food.
- Safety Management System and Its Use for Airports
An appropriate selection of safety measures is a major concern for all firms in minimizing the occurrence of workplace accidents.
- Hairdressing and Nail Salons in the UK: Health and Safety Inspection
The research question of the paper was whether or not hairdressing and nail salons within the U.K. complied with recent legislation regarding proper environmental health standards.
- Noor Paper Arts: Safety Inspectorate
This report is the result of an inspection of the Noor Paper Arts manufacturing facility to ensure that all necessary safety precautions have been followed.
- Culture of Safety and High Reliability in Healthcare
The paper compares characteristics of high reliability, and Just Culture by using Conduent's company case to illustrate theoretical concepts with practical examples.
- Health and Safety at Mental Workers’ Settings
A mental worker faces a lot of hostility and aggression, as well as assaults, a number of regulations help to protect the metal workers' health and to make their labor safer.
- Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements for Human Resources
The workplace in the United States is greatly controlled by the legal, safety, and regulatory requirements provided by various employee-related regulators.
- HIPAA and the Safety of Patient Data
The paper argues that HIPAA is not very successful in promoting the safety of patient data based on the evidence from the research literature and statistical reports.
- Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Policies
This letter to the President is about the need to include patient safety standards in the new law as a critical issue for the representatives of the general public.
- Occupational Health and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago
By introducing innovative techniques for safety management, the Trinidad and Tobago organizations will be able to increase the levels of security.
- Health Information Safety and Security in Nursing
This paper describes how the use of electronic health records (EHRs) at the bedside can enhance nursing practice and improve patient safety.
- Safety in the Workplace
Laws on workplace safety are responsible for establishing the rules and regulations, which are aimed at getting rid of personal injuries and sickness in the workplace.
- Crime, Freedom and People’s Safety Conflict
While making laws to control the crimes in a society, people face a conflict between their desire to retain individual freedoms and their desire to ensure people’s safety.
- Patient Safety Primers: Medication Errors
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how patient education could be used in practice settings to reduce medication errors and other adverse events.
- Quality and Safety in Nursing
Graduate nurses need satisfaction in their jobs. This can be facilitated by allowing the nurses to get involved in any clinical decision-making processes.
- Personal Protective Equipment Safety for Healthcare Workers
This paper is an annotated bibliography regarding the usage of the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) safety by healthcare workers.
- Food Safety and Food Standards in Australia
The food safety standards in Australia replaced the local, territory, and state government guidelines that were generally contradictory, dictatorial, and outdated.
- Medication Errors: Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
The problem of errors in prescribing and administering drugs remains relevant for many medical organizations throughout the US.
- Powered Industrial Trucks, Fatalities, and Safety
In the modern world, operating powered industrial trucks (PIT) still poses a risk to the life and health of employees.
- Urban Parks Between Safety and Aesthetics
The park visitors need to know how to take care of the park, and the officials need to know how to do their job properly.
- Rights and Safety of Food Delivery Riders, Drivers in Australia
This paper aims to analyze what rights and responsibilities food delivery workers have and what factors affect the safety of such work.
- The Documentary Supplements and Safety
The Frontline documentary, “Supplements and Safety,” provides an insightful description of the main problems existing in the supplement industry: safety, regulation, and efficacy.
- Occupational Health and Safety Law
Nowadays there are a number of official bodies who examine the workplace and assess its correspondence to the norms established on a legal basis
- “Effects of Nursing Rounds on Patients' Call Light Use, Satisfaction, and Safety”: Article Critique
A discussion on the significance of the study in health care, an overview of health and safety issues related to nurses taking their daily rounds in the hospital.
- Safety in Nursing
Falls and their prevention are major areas of focus in the nursing profession. The risk of falling may be aggravated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors in patients.
- Quality and Patient Safety – Long-Term Care Facility
Patients in long-term care facilities have a right to quality services and safety and this ensures that they are protected from the risk of injuries or death while in hospital.
- Medical Errors and Patient Safety Literature Research
This paper presents a review of sources exploring medical errors and patient safety. The reviewed articles present research on the issue of patient safety and medical errors.
- Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
Clarion Court Skilled Nursing Facility in Shakopee, MN, is facing several issues associated with the quality of the provided services.
- Occupational Health and Safety – Human Resource Management
The paper aims at the discussion the major causes of stress at the workplace, the sources, and the categories of various stressors.
- The Motor Vehicle Safety Analysis
A majority of the fatalities that emanate from motor vehicles could be mitigated to a greater extent if at all the parties involved could be more responsible with their lives.
- Sao Paulo Airport Safety Evaluation
This report aims to determine the safety conditions at the time of the crash, what has changed since, and what improvement opportunities remain.
- Human Development and the Security and Safety Index
The objective of this research was to look at the connection between human development and the security and safety index.
- Industrial Safety: The Role of Leadership and Management
This paper examines the role of management and leadership, computer applications and web-based tools, and applied technologies in health protection and industrial safety.
- Information Safety in Social Networking Systems
This paper provides a critical review of three articles with different viewpoints on the privacy of individuals who are part of a social networking site.
- The Air Safety and Security
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the aspect of air safety and security and discover and evaluate existing regulations within this area.
- Fire Safety Strategy for Burj Khalifa
The paper outlines factors and concerns considered in the fire safety strategy for Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- A Patient Safety Issue Discussion
Patient safety is essential in the clinical setting as a patient's condition should be treated, not worsened. Caregivers cause the greater part of patient well-being safety issues.
- Internet Safety Project and Lesson Plan
Social media, online messengers, and video hostings offer platforms for communication, content consumption, and creation for a young audience.
- Incomplete or Missing Documentation: Patient Safety in Healthcare
Patient safety is among the top concerns for healthcare set-up due to the associated negative consequences affecting care outcomes and other related issues, such as legal suits.
- Public Safety and Individual Rights
The state should adequately address the need of protecting the rights of suspected offenders in the process of maintaining law and order.
- Health and Safety Regulations for SHRM in the Hospitality Sector
The article discusses the benefits of educating hotel managers about safety policies to strategical human resource management in the domain of hospitality.
- Patient Rounding: It's Significance on Patient Safety and Satisfaction
The article presents the literature on rounding in hospital settings as a way to increase patient satisfaction and improve care conditions.
- The Patient Safety Situation at Al Noor Hospitals Group
Patient safety is a major theme in the healthcare system and hence the need for its prioritization. The study seeks to answer three research questions related to patient safety.
- Patient Safety in Clinical Practice
In clinical practice, the improvement of patient safety necessitates mechanisms for reporting and assessing events as well as the prevention of errors before they occur.
- The Construction Industry: Health and Safety
Health and safety in the construction industry can easily be achieved if the relevant bodies come up with right statutes and appropriate health and safety regulations.
- Multi-Occupancy Buildings: Community Safety
Community safety cannot be attained by a single government department or agency as Iit has to involve the concerted efforts of others people in the community.
- Patient Safety Initiatives
One of the patient safety initiatives is the proper identification of patients. This would be using their name and birth date as a patient identifier.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
This article focuses on Occupational Safety and Health Administration: it examines the history of creation, tasks, functions and effectiveness of the agency.
- Leadership Quality and Safety Nursing
To acquire good leadership skills, it is cardinal for a nursing student to interact with experienced nurses. This study will report about the two leaders, Sallie Britz and Amy.
- Threats to Patient Safety in Nursing Practice
This paper identifies misdiagnosis/wrong medication prescription as the leading threats to patient safety in hospitals.
- Should the Employer's Responsibility With Regard to Safety Be Absolute?
Safety is one of the primary concerns of all stakeholders involved. Safety regulations in Australia have been alternated several times throughout recent decades.
- Safety and Healthcare Quality
The paper discusses safety and healthcare quality. Safety illustrates the effort towards error prevention. Healthcare Quality increases outcomes.
- Quality Improvement Plan For Patient Safety
Healthcare professionals should ensure that patients are safe from harm related to medical malpractices or hospital-acquired infections.
- Road Safety Speed in Developed and Developing Countries
Research and stats speak for themselves; the paper has enough evidence which proves that crashes can be avoided by using Cameras to monitor traffic.
- British Airways: Information Systems Functions and Safety
This study identifies that British airways which are heavily reliant on its information technology system to avert air traffic accidents need to improve their data input systems.
- Improving Patient Safety, Communication and Teamwork
Healthcare strategies have emerged as indispensable tools to serve patient needs. Communication and teamwork are important components of healthcare settings.
- The Online Personal Health Records on Medication Accuracy and Safety
This paper analyses an incident involving a medication-related error that occurred in an undisclosed health care facility.
- Healthcare: Safety of Electronic Medical Records
Technology is bound to make errors considering that the software has been developed by humans. The healthcare system should not entirely rely on these newly developed systems.
- Child Safety Seat Usage in the UAE
The role of ECE teachers has to be re-evaluated to help children and support parents. ECE teachers may partner with families of young children in a variety of ways.
- Occupational Safety and Health and Corporate Social Responsibility
This paper discusses the importance of Occupational Safety and Health and its dual role in a company’s corporate social responsibility strategy and HRM strategy.
- Workplace Health & Safety Main Aspects
Scientifically, in human beings, both psychosocial and physical factors have an impact at work with employees’ competence.
- Patients’ Safety and Medical Errors
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a statement concerning patients’ safety and medical errors. It focused on skills and the conduct of healthcare professionals.
- Ireland’s Civil Aviation Safety’s Strategic Position
This paper aims to analyze the current strategic position of Ireland concerning civil aviation safety and its choice of methods to continue the evolution of the sphere.
- Psychological Safety, Culture, Leadership, and Group Learning
The extent of psychological comfort in the workplace affects the willingness of staff members to accept responsibility and, take risks in the workplace.
- Electronic Health Records and Patient Safety Studies
This paper concerns the relationship between electronic health records and patient safety. It incorporates a literature review regarding the issue and identifies the methodology.
- Quality and Safety Outcomes in Nursing
The purpose of this paper is to prepare the quality outcomes plan and consider the steps of its creation in order to monitor and assess the performance in nursing.
- Nurse Burnout and Patient Safety Connection
The aim of this paper is to establish the relationships between nurse burnout caused by a rise in the workload and the drop in patient safety rates observed in healthcare.
- Culture of Safety and Quality in Health Care
This paper outlines some of the best strategies and initiatives that could help transform the existing culture of safety and quality in healthcare.
- Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety
This paper aims to research and provide an overview of The Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2017.
- A Strategic Approach to Safety on Airport Ramps
The study recommends that local airports should train their employees to have a better understanding of SMS as a tool for safety management.
- Family Nurse Practice Promoting Patient Safety
Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs) should get the best education in clinical practice. This essay explains how FNPs can promote patient safety.
- Healthcare Problems: Patient Safety and Nurse Retention
This work aims to identify the problems of patient safety and nurse retention and recruitment, briefly describe solutions.
- Safety Culture in the Medical Care System
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the importance of safety culture and its connection with other problems in the medical care system.
- Plan For Quality to Improve Patient Safety at the Point of Care
The paper has established that patient safety at the point of care mainly arises due to human, medical, and system errors.
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en
| 0.916636 | 12,543 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Compared to other similarly developed countries, the US has the greatest amount of healthcare expenditures and the worst healthcare outcomes. This is in part due to its convoluted insurance/payment systems and the degree of variation present in the country—not only is it geographically expansive, but it is also diverse in virtually every other aspect.
More and more research shows that health is impacted by more than just biological factors. In fact, social factors like race, socioeconomic status, gender, and access, among others, can often impact it more than the quality or quantity of medical care. The vast variation in the US furthers the inequality gaps certain demographics face in their access to healthcare, including the complex infrastructure of the country’s insurance system.
Another factor that complicates healthcare is the different schools of thought behind the politics and regulation of healthcare: market justice and social justice. There is this constant tension between market efficiency and fairness.
- Market justice implies that healthcare is an economic good and that each person is responsible for their own healthcare.
- Social justice implies that healthcare is a right and that everyone is entitled to the same basic benefits.
America’s trademark “American Dream” also promotes the idea of ‘rugged individualism’ and earning respect and luxury, explaining the innate preference for market justice solutions over social justice ones. However, most countries recognize the importance of both, so they tend to use a mixture of the two, and combining these two ideologies well is where the challenge lies.
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https://bdmtglobal.com/healthcare-insights/introduction-to-the-us-healthcare-system/
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| 0.958246 | 302 | 3.125 | 3 |
Exciting your child’s love for learning outside of the classroom is imperative, and there’s no better way to do that than with Rhode Island’s many engaging, educational activities. Across Rhode Island, you’ll find everything from museums to bring out the inner artist in your child, biology centers to inspire a love for science, and farms to ignite an interest in the state’s agriculture. Here are the 10 best educational activities for children in Rhode Island.
A dragon looks over this children’s museum, delighting kids from the very moment that they walk in the door. Let your kid run wild through the water play areas, climbing mazes, and tunnels where they can come to understand scientific principles through sensory skills. Then head up to the second floor, full of more historical fun.
Take a more approachable tour of the RISD Museum through the Tours for Tots program. These tours, which run for 45 minutes, encourage kids to engage in creating their own art and adventuring through the galleries. Or head out to an open studio, with activities for kids design by artists themselves.
The best way to learn about farms? Head to one! At Dame Farm and Orchards, you can pick your own apples and pumpkins during the fall, blueberries and peaches during the spring, ride on tractors, and learn how the foods that kids eat at home are grown in the field!
Open from noon until 5 p.m. daily, the Biomes Center is one of the most hands-on aquariums in New England. Since 1989, the center has been teaching kids (and even adults) about different animals that find shelter along Narragansett Bay and the ocean waters all around the Ocean State.
Over 40 marine species live in Save the Bay’s Exploration Center. Show up around 5 p.m. on one of their designated “Feeding Frenzy” days to learn how the keepers give animals their meals. If you’re lucky, you might even be able to assist! They also offer lighthouse cruises and seal watching tours, in addition to summer camps along the bay!
Learn about wildlife with the Roger Williams Park Zoo! Attend an animal keeper talk daily at 11:30 a.m. or, for younger zoo visitors, attend the “Preschool Adventures” program, which includes a lesson, activity, craft and a real-life encounter with one of the zoo’s many animals.
Bring your kids to this fantastic outdoor art festival. Weave through the booths from local artists and check out the various acts that perform throughout the night—like fire dancers or children’s choruses. It’s the perfect casual arts event and night on the town with the family. But don’t bring a stroller—the wheels won’t do well along the cobblestone streets.
Observe and study new types of birds at this sanctuary located near the Rhode Island coast. The sanctuary also offers summer camps from kids in pre-K to age 12. Hike around Middletown, study different animals and plants, and maybe even get a chance to camp overnight at the sanctuary!
This Cranston touring children’s theatre gives performances at schools and venues across Rhode Island—and they’ll even perform at birthday parties! Their season runs all summer in Cranston’s Scottish Rite Auditorium, though they often tour around Rhode Island to present classic fairytales as told on stage.
In February each year, the Providence Children’s Film Festival with over 10 days of screenings. Kids can also attend film workshops and conversations following screenings, which can help them to develop critical thinking toward film. Since 2014, the festival has also showcased films made by youth with the Youth Filmmaker Showcase.
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| 0.957342 | 788 | 2.71875 | 3 |
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yx3qeNwWyk] Aranese, a form of Gascon, which is a form of Occitan, is a Romance language spoken in northeastern Spain, southwestern France and a town in Sardinia. A good backgrounder about Catalan is my previous post on the language. In this video, the announcer speaks 100 Occitan sounds pretty strange to me. It sounds something like a cross between French and Spanish, but sometimes it also sounds like Portuguese or Italian. It’s said that Spanish speakers can understand Catalan. That’s not the case. I understand Spanish fairly well, and I could not really follow what this guy was saying. If you speak Spanish, Portuguese or another Romance language, check out the video and see how much you can understand of Occitan.
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https://beyondhighbrow.com/2009/06/21/check-out-occitan-aranese/
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en
| 0.949212 | 184 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What is senescence?
- by BEZA FAMILIA
Old age - It is a biological gradual of parts and systems of the human body
The aging process is explored Gerontology Science, which not only research physiological changes, but also the place of the elderly in society. The purpose of gerontology research is to overcome possible disadvantages related to aging.
Natural (endogenous, internal, physiological, chronological) aging - Natural, biological process, which is determined by internal factors and accompanied by characteristic age changes.
Endogenic aging actually depends on one factor - information stored in DNA.
Endogenic factors: intoxication, metabolism, impaired regulation, immune balance, heredity.
Premature aging can be caused by both genetic (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors (Sunlight, wind, indoor dryness, air contamination, gambles radiation, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, xenobiotic penetration, mechanical damage, smoking, vocational harmfulness (chemical, toxic, carcinogens)).
The modern man Risk factors:
- biological (viruses, bacteria, parasites);
- chemical (polyutants (air pollutants), preservatives, heavy metals, food antibiotics, nitrates, plastic, biochemistry, poor quality cosmetics, smoking, intestinal endotoxins);
- physical (noise, vibration, ultrasound, infrasound, thermal, ionizing, non -ionizing and other radiation);
- social (sleep deprivation, impaired work and rest regime, poor quality water);
- climatic (sudden change in temperature, cold).
Classification of the most important theories of aging and literature according to the level of integration
(Yin, Chen, 2005)
The body level
Wearing theory - Sacher, 1966
Error Catastrophe Theory - Orgel, 1963
Violations of Stress Theory - Stlye, 1970
AutoToxication Theory - Metchnikoff, 1904
Evolutionary Theory (Programmed Aging Theory) - Wilms, 1957
Theory of preservation of information (programmed theory of aging)
Endocrine theory - Korechevsky, 1961
Immunological Theory - Walford, 1969
Cell membrane theory-Zg-Nagy, 1978
Somatic mutation theory - Szilllar, 1959
Mitochondrial theory - Miquel et al., 1980
Mitochondrial-Lisosomes Theory-Brunk, Terman, 2002
Cell Proliferation Limit Theory (Programmed Aging Theory) - Hayflick, Moorhead, 1961
Level of molecules
DNA violations accumulation theory - Vilenchik, 1970
The theory of trace elements - Eichhorn, 1979
Free radical theory - Harman, 1956
Theory of transverse seams - Bjorksten, 1968
Oxidative stress theory - Sohal, Allen, 1990; Yu, Yang, 1996
Theory of neenzimal glycosillion - Cerami, 1985
Carbon intoxication theory - Yin, Brunk, 1995.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://beza.lt/en/blogs/tinklarastis/kas-yra-senatve
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| 0.755759 | 621 | 3.046875 | 3 |
📖Sahih Muslim 854 b
Abu Huraira reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday; on it Adam was created. on it he was made to enter Paradise, on it he was expelled from it. And the last hour will take place on no day other than Friday.
- This Hadith from Sahih Muslim highlights the significance of Friday as a blessed day in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) emphasized the importance of this day by mentioning that it is the best day on which the sun has risen. The Hadith further explains the reasons why Friday is considered so significant. Firstly, it is the day on which Adam (peace be upon him) was created by Allah. This signifies the beginning of humanity and the creation of the first human being. Secondly, it is the day on which Adam was made to enter Paradise, which signifies the ultimate reward that awaits believers who live a righteous life. Finally, it is also the day on which Adam was expelled from Paradise due to his disobedience, which highlights the importance of staying on the right path and avoiding sins. Furthermore, the Hadith states that the last hour or the Day of Judgment will take place on no other day than Friday. This serves as a reminder to Muslims to always be prepared for the Day of Judgment and to strive to lead a life of righteousness, following the teachings of Islam.
In conclusion, the Hadith highlights the importance of Friday as a blessed day and serves as a reminder for Muslims to strive towards righteousness and always be prepared for the Day of Judgment.
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en
| 0.969283 | 332 | 2.6875 | 3 |
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