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{"datasets_id": 1906, "wiki_id": "Q567341", "sp": 54, "sc": 350, "ep": 54, "ec": 986} | 1,906 | Q567341 | 54 | 350 | 54 | 986 | Ford Transit Connect | Tourneo Connect | 800–1000 mainly to taxi operators, due to its given status as a commercial vehicle. However, Ford described the Connect as a 'dual use' vehicle, equally able to meet business and leisure needs. It was put into production to rival the similar models of the Citroën Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Volkswagen Caddy, Fiat Doblò and the Opel/Vauxhall Combo Tour.
The Connect, when first sold, was the only vehicle of its kind to offer folding and separately removable 60/40 split rear seats that allowed multiple seating formations and increased load capacity. It also boasted the option of twin sliding side load doors as well |
{"datasets_id": 1906, "wiki_id": "Q567341", "sp": 54, "sc": 986, "ep": 58, "ec": 415} | 1,906 | Q567341 | 54 | 986 | 58 | 415 | Ford Transit Connect | Tourneo Connect & Electric | as rear doors or a tailgate, whereas neither of its main competitors have this option. The Connect's design emphasizes Ford's ideal that the vehicle be multipurpose. Electric Ford presented the Ford Tourneo Connect battery electric concept vehicle at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show. It features a 21 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a 50 kW permanent magnet motor, and a single-speed transmission, for a range of up to 160 kilometres (99 mi) and top speed of about 113 kilometres per hour (70 mph).
Its BEV technology was developed in collaboration with Smith Electric Vehicles. |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 597} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 597 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Background | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government Background While CM of Gujarat, and under sanction from Western states like the United States, Modi made several foreign trips to foster his business links with major Asian economic powers. This included meeting Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe twice in 2007 and 2012 and building a personal rapport. He also reached out for investment deals with China and Israel, who sought to increase economic ties beyond defence and agriculture, according to outgoing Israeli Ambassador Alon Ushpiz. He was widely appreciated for his endeavour to organise Vibrant Gujarat, a biannual international business summit, to |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 6, "sc": 597, "ep": 10, "ec": 496} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 6 | 597 | 10 | 496 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Background & Foreign policy team | welcome investment in his home state which also helped build a pro-development and business friendly image. Foreign policy team Sushma Swaraj, one of the senior most leaders of BJP, was given the portfolio of External Affairs which is going to be a very important ministry with India's growing role in international affairs. She is the first woman to hold the office. Earlier on her capacity of leader of opposition in Lok Sabha from 2009–2014 She met a galaxy of visiting foreign leaders which apparently helped her understanding of foreign relations. Modi appointed Ajit Doval, a seasoned intelligence officer, as National |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 10, "sc": 496, "ep": 10, "ec": 1136} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 10 | 496 | 10 | 1,136 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Foreign policy team | Security Advisor. Ajit Doval is believed to be close to the RSS, an organization Modi comes from. On 28 January 2015, only a day after the US President Barack Obama's successful India visit Modi government sacked Foreign Secretary Sujatha Singh and appointed Subrahmanyam Jaishankar in her place, Jaishankar was then serving as India's ambassador to the United States. Modi himself was believed to be unhappy over Singh's ability to lead the foreign office and on the other hand impressed by Jaishankar's diplomatic skills in turning the flagging relationship with US into a flourishing partnership. His secondary aides also include Arvind |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 10, "sc": 1136, "ep": 18, "ec": 211} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 10 | 1,136 | 18 | 211 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Foreign policy team & Policy initiative & Act East policy | Gupta(deputy NSA) and MJ Akbar(sworn in as the Minister of State for External Affairs). Policy initiative Former National Security Adviser & Foreign Secretary Shivshankar Menon, an academic at Brookings, opined that the Modi Government's foreign policy is one of "strategic incoherence", executed without an "overarching conceptual framework". There has been many policy initiatives since that has been taking the headlines: Act East policy From the very beginning the Modi led government made it ample clear that India would focus more and more on improving relations with ASEAN and other East Asian countries as per India's Look East policy which was |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 18, "sc": 211, "ep": 22, "ec": 60} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 18 | 211 | 22 | 60 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Act East policy & Neighbourhood first policy | formulated during PM Narasimha Rao's government in 1992 for better economic engagement with its eastern neighbours but successive government later successfully turned it into a tool for forging strategic partnership and security cooperation with countries in that region in general and Vietnam and Japan in particular. In her recent visit to Hanoi, Vietnam Sushma Swaraj has stressed on the need for an "Act East Policy" that she said should replace India's over two decade-old "Look East Policy" emphasizing a more proactive role for India in this region. Neighbourhood first policy One of the major policy initiatives taken by Modi government |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 22, "sc": 60, "ep": 22, "ec": 686} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 22 | 60 | 22 | 686 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Neighbourhood first policy | is to focus back on its immediate neighbours in South Asia. Gujral doctrine was important approach where india made its relation with its neighborhood which is stand on five important principal. Even before becoming the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi hinted that his foreign policy will actively focus on improving ties with India's immediate neighbours which is being termed "neighbourhood first: policy in the media" and he started well by inviting all heads of state/heads of government of South Asian countries in his inauguration and on the second day on office he held bilateral talks with all of them individually which |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 22, "sc": 686, "ep": 26, "ec": 236} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 22 | 686 | 26 | 236 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Neighbourhood first policy & Indian Ocean outreach | was dubbed as a mini SAARC summit by the media. Later during a launch event at ISRO he has asked Indian scientists to take the endeavour to develop a dedicated SAARC satellite to share the fruits of the technology like tele-medicine, e-learning etc. with the people across South Asia to complement the currently operating Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme program in the region. Indian Ocean outreach The Indian Ocean region (IOR), which has long been considered as India's nautical backyard,is steadily turning into a hotspot thanks to growing Chinese strategic presence over the region's numerous strategically located archipelagos. To |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 26, "sc": 236, "ep": 26, "ec": 878} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 26 | 236 | 26 | 878 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Indian Ocean outreach | counter the recent moves made by China on the name of President Xi's pet Maritime Silk Road project, India started to reach out its maritime neighbours in the IOR with proposals of enhanced economic and security cooperation. The policy towards IOR started to unfold during Sri Lankan president's visit to New Delhi in early February 2015. Following that Modi embarks on a three nations Yatraa (travel) to Mauritius, Seychelles and Sri Lanka, although Maldives was also initially part of this outreach but recent political turmoil in that country led to last-minute cancellation of the scheduled visit.
Ahead of Modi's scheduled visit |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 26, "sc": 878, "ep": 30, "ec": 373} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 26 | 878 | 30 | 373 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Indian Ocean outreach & Project Mausam | to Beijing in May 2015, India wanted to project that it commanded a strategic supremacy over the IOR and that its relations with its maritime neighbours were far more cordial than that of China's with particular reference to South China sea. Project Mausam On the back of growing Chinese naval activity in the Indian Ocean region, which India considers its area of responsibility, the Modi administration have introduced Project Mausam, which is believed to rival the Chinese Maritime Silk Road (MSR) initiative. Mausam (Hindi: मौसम) which means weather or season in many South and Southeast Asian languages is highlighted because |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 30, "sc": 373, "ep": 34, "ec": 92} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 30 | 373 | 34 | 92 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Project Mausam & Cooperation with Pacific Islands | of its profound role in cultural exchanges in region as in ancient time maritime trade used to depend on seasonal monsoon winds. The project which is still in the evolving phase, is being with the worked on with the Cultural Ministry, will focus on the ancient trade and cultural linkages and emphasize on future maritime cooperation in the Indian Ocean region stretching from Southeast Asia to East Africa with the central location of India, from where the ocean derived its name. Cooperation with Pacific Islands Modi chose to visit Fiji soon after democracy was re-established in the island country after |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 34, "sc": 92, "ep": 34, "ec": 728} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 34 | 92 | 34 | 728 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Cooperation with Pacific Islands | 8 years. There apart from bilateral meeting, he also met heads of state/government from 14 pacific island states to enhance India's engagement in the region and proposed a 'Forum for India- Pacific Islands Cooperation' (FIPIC) be held on a regular basis. He conveyed there India's keenness to work closely with Pacific Island nations to advance their development priorities in this regard a number of measures to strengthen India's partnership in the region were proposed which include setting up of a 'special fund of $1 billion' for adapting climate change vis-a-vis clean energy, establishing a 'trade office' in India, 'Pan Pacific |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 34, "sc": 728, "ep": 34, "ec": 1374} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 34 | 728 | 34 | 1,374 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Cooperation with Pacific Islands | Islands e-network' to close the physical distance between the islands by improving digital connectivity, extending visa on arrival at Indian airports for all the fourteen Pacific Island countries, 'space cooperation' in space technology applications for improving the quality of life of the islands, 'training to diplomats' from Pacific Island countries to increase mutual understanding. He also expressed his willingness to host the leaders in any of India's coastal town for the next summit in 2015. It was quite significant to see Chinese President Xi following Modi's trail visited Fiji on 21 November (just 2 days after Modi's trip) to meet |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 34, "sc": 1374, "ep": 38, "ec": 492} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 34 | 1,374 | 38 | 492 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Cooperation with Pacific Islands & Fast-track Diplomacy | a similar gathering of leaders indicating a struggle for influence between the two Asian giants in the island countries of south pacific. Fast-track Diplomacy On completion of the first 100 days of Modi government the External Affairs Ministry published a booklet called "Fast Track Diplomacy" show-casing the achievement made in the foreign policy arena. In her first media interaction the minister Sushma Swaraj said the catchphrase for her tenure was "fast-track diplomacy" and said it had three faces – proactive, strong and sensitive. Since taking office the External Affairs Minister held round-table meeting with all Indian heads of missions to |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 38, "sc": 492, "ep": 42, "ec": 482} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 38 | 492 | 42 | 482 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Fast-track Diplomacy & Para Diplomacy | the SAARC region, ASEAN region and Middle East separately as a follow up measure to carry forward the leads gained by high-profile visits and exchanges. Para Diplomacy One of the innovative idea of Modi government is the introduction of elements of para diplomacy in India's foreign policy where each states and cities would be encouraged to forge special relation with countries or federal states of another country or even cities of their interest in order.
During the upcoming visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping Town twinning agreement between Mumbai and Shanghai, Ahmedabad and Guangzhou and a similar 'sister states' agreement between |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 42, "sc": 482, "ep": 46, "ec": 501} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 42 | 482 | 46 | 501 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Para Diplomacy & East Asia policy | Gujarat and Guangdong province of China will likely to be signed. Earlier Varanasi signed partnership agreement with Kyoto, Japan. East Asia policy From the very beginning the Modi led government made it ample clear that India would focus more and more on improving relation with ASEAN and other East Asian countries as per India's Look East policy which was formulated during Narasimha Rao's government in 1992 for better economic engagement with its eastern neighbours but successive government later successfully turned it into a tool for forging strategic partnership and security cooperation with countries in that region in general and Vietnam |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 46, "sc": 501, "ep": 46, "ec": 1096} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 46 | 501 | 46 | 1,096 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | East Asia policy | and Japan in particular. In her recent visit to Hanoi, Vietnam Sushma Swaraj has stressed on the need for an Act East policy that she said should replace India's over two decade-old Look East Policy emphasizing a more proactive role for India in this region.
East Asia being the major focus area of his foreign policy, Modi and his foreign minister chose several Asian countries for their initial bilateral visits. He has made state visits to Bhutan and Nepal and Japan within the first 100 days of his government followed by visits of Myanmar and Australia and also hosted Asia leaders |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 46, "sc": 1096, "ep": 50, "ec": 165} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 46 | 1,096 | 50 | 165 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | East Asia policy & South China Sea disputes | like Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng apart from inviting SAARC leaders in his inauguration ceremony. External Affairs Minister Swaraj has also made official visits to several Asian capitals like Dhaka, Bangladesh, Kathmandu, Nepal, Naypidaw, Myanmar, Singapore, Hanoi, Vietnam, Manama, Bahrain, Kabul, Afghanistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Male, Maldives, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Seoul, South Korea and Beijing, China. South China Sea disputes Though India's exclusive economic zone does not extend into the South China Sea, the region is geopolitically important to India as a high volume of its trade passes |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 50, "sc": 165, "ep": 54, "ec": 407} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 50 | 165 | 54 | 407 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | South China Sea disputes & South Asia policy | through the South China Sea. Modi intends India to act as a stabilizing force in the Indo-Pacific Region as a part of Modi's underlying Act East foreign policy initiative . South Asia policy Even before becoming the Prime Minister Narendra Modi hinted that his foreign policy will actively focus on improving ties with India's immediate neighbours which is being termed as "neighbourhood first" policy in the media and he started well by inviting all heads of state/heads of government of South Asian countries in his inauguration and on the second day on office he held bilateral talks with all of |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 54, "sc": 407, "ep": 58, "ec": 183} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 54 | 407 | 58 | 183 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | South Asia policy & West Asia policy | them individually which was dubbed as a mini SAARC summit by the media. Later during a launch event at ISRO he has asked Indian scientists to take the endeavour to develop a dedicated SAARC satellite to share the fruits of the technology like tele-medicine, e-learning etc. with the people across South Asia to complement the currently operating Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme program in the region. West Asia policy Indian External Affairs Ministry refers the region of 'Middle east' as West Asia and not as Middle East which is a more popular attribution, particularly in the western countries. The |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 58, "sc": 183, "ep": 62, "ec": 204} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 58 | 183 | 62 | 204 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | West Asia policy & Link West policy | region plays a vital role in India's economy as it supplies nearly two third of India's total oil import, bilateral trade is also flourishing in recent years particularly with UAE and other gulf states. Over the years millions of Indian mostly working class have migrated to the gulf looking for jobs and they account for a sizeable share in the total remittances received from abroad. Link West policy In an attempt to strengthen ties with India's western neighbours specially the gulf countries, Modi proposed this policy to complement his Act East policy concerning East Asia. Although it is called 'Link |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 62, "sc": 204, "ep": 62, "ec": 819} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 62 | 204 | 62 | 819 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Link West policy | West' (West of India) which gives it a bigger geographical connotation, it is most likely to focus on the middle-east and some of the India's strategic thinkers are calling it as Modi's middle-east policy. The West Asia Approach of India is working successfully and its relations with Middle East are improving since Modi came in power. The "West Asia Approach" of India is now its key strategy to win Middle East. Indian foreign policy makers say that India's interests in the GCC countries are intimately linked with its energy security, trade, employment for Indians and remittances while Middle Eastern foreign |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 62, "sc": 819, "ep": 66, "ec": 316} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 62 | 819 | 66 | 316 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Link West policy & Stand against ISIS | policy experts believe that India has showcased itself as "Security Partner" during Modi's visit to UAE. Given the economic and human security interests, the stability and security of the GCC countries is crucial for India because huge flow of remittances comes from GCC to the Indian economy. Stand against ISIS On 16 December 2014, Home Minister Rajnath Singh announced in the Parliament that ISIS is banned as a terrorist organization under the United Nations schedule. Following the arrest of few Indian individuals with ISIS connections, on 26 February 2015 India put fresh bans on 'The Islamic States/Islamic States of Iraq |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 66, "sc": 316, "ep": 70, "ec": 499} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 66 | 316 | 70 | 499 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Stand against ISIS & United States | and Syria/Islamic States of Iraq and Levant' with all its manifestation and all its affiliates under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. United States During the run-up to the general election there was wide-ranging scepticism regarding future of the strategic bilateral relation under Modi's premiership as in 2005 he was, while Chief Minister of Gujarat, denied a U.S. visa during the Bush administration for his alleged poor human rights records. However sensing Modi's inevitable victory well before the election, the US Ambassabor Nancy Powell had reached out to him as part of greater re-approachment from the west. Moreover, following his 2014 |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 70, "sc": 499, "ep": 70, "ec": 1086} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 70 | 499 | 70 | 1,086 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United States | election as the Prime Minister of India President Obama congratulated him over telephone and invited him to visit the US. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry visited New Delhi on 1 August to prepare the grounds for Modi's first ever US visit as Prime Minister. In September 2014, days before visiting the US in an interview to CNN’s Fareed Zakaria, Modi said that "India and the United States are bound together, by history and culture" but acknowledged that there have been "ups and downs" in relations. Modi travelled to US from 27–30 September 2014, beginning with his maiden address |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 70, "sc": 1086, "ep": 70, "ec": 1681} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 70 | 1,086 | 70 | 1,681 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United States | in the United Nations general assembly followed by attending a gala public reception by the Indian American community in New York's Madison Square Garden before heading Washington, D.C. for the bilateral talk with Obama. While there, Modi also met several American business leaders and invited them to join his ambitious Make in India program in a bid to make India a manufacturing hub. Later President Obama greeted Modi by calling him a "Man of Action" during their brief interaction at the Gala dinner hosted by Myanmar's President on the eve of ninth East Asia Summit this was their second |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 70, "sc": 1681, "ep": 70, "ec": 2275} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 70 | 1,681 | 70 | 2,275 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United States | meeting since Obama hosted a rare dinner for Modi at the White House on 29 September 2014. On 9 December 2014 US Senate confirmed Richard Rahul Verma as the US Ambassador to India, the first Indian American to hold the office, signalling the Obama administration's will to elevate the relation with India to a newer height. He assumed office in the US Embassy in New Delhi on 19 December 2014.
Modi invited President Obama to be the first US President to grace the 66th Republic Day celebration as Chief guest, an honour typically reserved for India's closest ally. President Obama was |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 70, "sc": 2275, "ep": 74, "ec": 74} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 70 | 2,275 | 74 | 74 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United States & Brazil | the first US President to visit India twice in office and the two leaders now scheduled to hold back to back summits within six months which is being referred as Modi's diplomatic coup by the media. "This Republic Day, we hope to have a friend over… invited President Obama to be the 1st US president to grace the occasion as chief guest."- Modi tweeted.
On 26 June 2017, Modi met with U.S. President Donald Trump in Washington, DC where they discussed trade, specifically airplanes and natural gas, and terrorism. Brazil Narendra Modi met the Brazilian President, Dilma Rousseff on the sidelines |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 74, "sc": 74, "ep": 74, "ec": 730} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 730 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Brazil | of the 6th BRICS summit in Brasilia, Brazil, in July 2014. Describing Brazil as a key global partner for India, Modi noted that as two democracies and major emerging economies, India and Brazil not only had vast potential for bilateral cooperation, but also to strengthen each other in international forums and advance the interest of the developing world at large. President Rousseff emphasized the special place this relationship enjoyed in Brazil's foreign policy, because of the potential for bilateral cooperation and the international significance of their partnership. She congratulated Narendra Modi for his victory in the elections and wished him |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 74, "sc": 730, "ep": 78, "ec": 321} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 74 | 730 | 78 | 321 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Brazil & Canada | all success for India's progress and development. The two leaders also agreed to take steps to further expand and diversify trade and investment flows and deepen cooperation in agriculture and dairy science, conventional and renewable energy, space research and applications, defence, cyber security and environment conservation. Canada In April 2015 Modi visited Canada and was the first bilateral visit to that country by an Indian Prime Minister in 42 years. India made nuclear deal with the Canada's biggest producer of uranium, Cameco, signed a $280 million, five-year deal to supply uranium to fuel Indian nuclear reactors. The long-term deal announced |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 78, "sc": 321, "ep": 82, "ec": 254} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 78 | 321 | 82 | 254 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Canada & France | later that Cameco will sell 7.1 million pounds of uranium to India, through 2020.
Modi held bilateral talks with Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and signed various MoUs like in areas of cyber security, skill development, cooperation in the railways and civil aviation front.
Modi received "rockstar" reception in Canada where he addressed a crowd of over 10,000 at the Ricoh Coliseum Stage in Toronto. France France is a valuable strategic partner of India in western Europe. Both countries have invested political capital to deepen collaboration in the cultural, economic, social, technological and military realms. Modi met French President Francois Hollande at |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 82, "sc": 254, "ep": 82, "ec": 914} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 82 | 254 | 82 | 914 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | France | the 2014 G-20 Summit in Brisbane, and discussed bilateral strategic, space and defence issues besides committing to global cooperation against terrorism. Following the January 2015 Charlie Hebdo terror attack in Paris, Modi condemned the act of terror and called Hollande to convey condolences on behalf of the people of India as well as express solidarity with the people of France.
French foreign minister Laurent Fabius made several visits to New Delhi to unlock stalled negotiations regarding Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft for Indian Air Force and the 9900 MW nuclear power plant in Jaitapur by the French firm Areva.
In April 2015 Modi |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 82, "sc": 914, "ep": 82, "ec": 1576} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 82 | 914 | 82 | 1,576 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | France | choose Paris as his first destination in Europe as part of his Link West outreach. Modi's visit resulted in a government-to-government deal for 36 Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft in fly-away condition. India and France signed an initial agreement between Nuclear Power Corporation of India and Areva regarding the setting up of Jaitapur nuclear power plant. Modi toured the aircraft assembly facilities of Dassault Aviation in Bordeaux and Airbus in Toulouse where he promoted the Make in India campaign by urging the aerospace giants to cultivate manufacturing opportunities in India (Airbus committed to increase its outsourcing from India from current level |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 82, "sc": 1576, "ep": 82, "ec": 2200} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 82 | 1,576 | 82 | 2,200 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | France | of US$400 million to US$2 billion by 2020). Modi travelled to Lille in the north of France to pay hommage at Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial dedicated to the remembrance of 4742 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died during World War I & II.
On 30 November 2015, Indian Prime-Minister Narendra Modi travelled to France for a 2-day visit to attend the COP 21 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. Narendra Modi and François Hollande jointly invited over 100 world leaders to join InSPA (International Agency for Solar Policy & Application) – a global initiative to promote low-carbon renewable |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 82, "sc": 2200, "ep": 84, "ec": 14} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 82 | 2,200 | 84 | 14 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | France & United Kingdom | solar energy technologies.
When the Climate Change Treaty itself was under threat with President Trump announcing the withdrawal of USA -one of the major polluters as such, USA did become a part of the International Solar alliance and lauded the efforts of the Indian leader.
India invited French President Francois Hollande to be the chief guest at the Republic Day parade in New Delhi on 26 January 2016. The invitation was conveyed through the visiting French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, making France the only country to be invited a record setting 5 times to the highly symbolic national ceremonial event. United Kingdom |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 86, "sc": 0, "ep": 86, "ec": 593} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 86 | 0 | 86 | 593 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United Kingdom | UK Prime Minister David Cameron was one of the first world leaders to congratulate Modi soon after his landslide victory in the election. The two leaders met for the first time on 14 November 2014 on the sidelines of the G20 leaders summit in Brisbane, where the British Prime Minister said improving relations with India was the "top priority" of UK foreign policy. He also invited Modi to visit his country at the earliest.
Earlier Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg attributed the growth story of South Asia, which was going to grow fastest in 2014–15 outside the East Asia region, to |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 86, "sc": 593, "ep": 90, "ec": 182} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 86 | 593 | 90 | 182 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United Kingdom & Germany | the election of Prime Minister Modi and his recent efforts to turn around the economy. UK hailed Modi's Make in India policy and is all set to invest in Rajasthan.
Modi paid a state visit to the UK in late 2015, meeting Queen Elizabeth II and prime minister David Cameron. On 13 November 2015 Modi addressed a rally at the new Wembley Stadium at Wembley Park, north-west London. 60,000 people, mostly British Indians, attended. Germany In April 2015 Modi visited Germany where he held bilateral talks with German Chancellor Angela Merkel. Modi also inaugurated Hannover Fair 2015-world's largest industrial fair, where |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 90, "sc": 182, "ep": 94, "ec": 214} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 90 | 182 | 94 | 214 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Germany & India-Africa Forum Summit | India was the partner country.
Modi made strongest pitch for the Make in India initiative in Hannover fair. He said, "The entire world is looking at India. Demography, democracy and demand are attracting the world to India."
There were announcements of strengthened cooperation in sectors like energy, skill development, science & technology and the Modi government's initiatives like Digital India and Clean India. India-Africa Forum Summit The third summit in a rotation basis was scheduled to be held in New Delhi, India in December 2014. But lately Syed Akbaruddin, the official spokesperson of Indian Foreign Ministry told the media that the scheduled |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 94, "sc": 214, "ep": 98, "ec": 271} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 94 | 214 | 98 | 271 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | India-Africa Forum Summit & Mauritius | summit is now postponed to 2015 and will include more no. of African leaders unlike previous two occasion where the event was restricted to only 10–15 African countries. Although media reports claimed that Ebola outbreak in Western African nations played key role behind the postponement of the summit. The summit is now rescheduled on 26–30 October 2015. Mauritius Mauritius was the only country outside South Asia whose head of government attended Modi's swearing-in ceremony in Delhi. With people of Indian origin constituting a large share of its population Mauritius has very good bilateral relations with New Delhi. Swaraj made her |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 98, "sc": 271, "ep": 98, "ec": 902} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 98 | 271 | 98 | 902 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Mauritius | maiden trip as foreign minister to the island country on 2 November 2014 to attend the celebration of Apravasi Divas, marking 180 years since the first Indian indentured labourers arrived in Mauritius. There she had called on President Rajkeswur Purryag and Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam to discuss bilateral and regional issues of common interest. On top of her agenda was talk on cooperation between Indian Navy and Mauritian Coast Guard to ensure the safety and security of the strategically vital Indian Ocean region. In support to her stress on the importance of maritime cooperation three major Indian war ships were |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 98, "sc": 902, "ep": 100, "ec": 24} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 98 | 902 | 100 | 24 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Mauritius & Multilateral Engagements | docked in Mauritian waters including a destroyer INS Mumbai, a frigate INS Talwar and the fleet tanker INS Deepak.
Modi made his first state visit to the island country in March 2015 as part of his larger outreach to India's maritime neighbours in the Indian Ocean where he participated in the Mauritias National Day celebration in Port Louis on 12 March 2015. He was also present during the commissioning ceremony of MCGS Barracuda, the offshore patrol vessels (OPV) that Mauritius bought from Kolkata based GRSE shipyard. The ship was earlier handed over on 20 December 2014 which marked India's first warship export. Multilateral Engagements |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 102, "sc": 0, "ep": 106, "ec": 77} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 102 | 0 | 106 | 77 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Multilateral Engagements & Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit | India, as one of leading developing countries, plays an active role in important multilateral forums for global governance such as United Nations, World Trade Organization, G20 leaders summit, East Asia Summit, BRICS summit of emerging economies, Commonwealth of Nations and often seen as a 'third world voice'. Apart from these big platforms India also engaged in many regional groupings like the BASIC, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Indian Ocean Rim Association, IBSA Dialogue Forum, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Mekong–Ganga Cooperation, BIMSTEC among others. Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit India is now a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, which is |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 106, "sc": 77, "ep": 106, "ec": 694} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 106 | 77 | 106 | 694 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit | known to be a China backed bloc for military and energy cooperation. It held observer status from 2005 and publicly expressed its wish for a full membership.India and Pakistan joined SCO as full members on 9 June 2017 in Astana, Kazakhstan. Although Russia had all along backed India's entry it was Beijing's reservation which held it so long. However Chinese president Xi Jinping informed Modi during BRICS summit in Brazil that it is ready to welcome India together with Pakistan in order to project a united front against Islamic extremism in Central Asia including Afghanistan specially after NATO withdrawal. On |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 106, "sc": 694, "ep": 110, "ec": 310} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 106 | 694 | 110 | 310 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit & United Nations general assembly | 11–12 September EAM Sushma Swaraj attended the Dushanbe summit in Tajikistan where India formally put its paper for a full membership and it became likely that it would be granted so according to Chinese officials. Modi participated at the heads of government summit in Astana, Kazakhstan in December. United Nations general assembly Modi delivered his maiden speech in the sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly on 27 September 2014, where he called for reform and expansion of United Nations Security Council including India's long standing demand of a permanent membership. He expressed his concerns over the relevance of |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 110, "sc": 310, "ep": 110, "ec": 894} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 110 | 310 | 110 | 894 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United Nations general assembly | a 20th-century setup in 21st century and the need to evaluate UN's performance in the past 70 years. He had also argued why UN should serve as "G-All" for global governance instead of several parallel sub-groupings like G7, G20 etc. In the wake of ISIS threat in West Asia and similar in other parts of the globe he urged for immediate implementation of 'Comprehensive on International Terrorism' by the UN and offered India's pro-active role in it citing India as a victim of terrorism for decades. Prior to his speech he along with External Affairs Minister Swaraj met UN Secretary |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 110, "sc": 894, "ep": 110, "ec": 1563} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 110 | 894 | 110 | 1,563 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United Nations general assembly | General Ban Ki-moon and discussed UN governance relating issues. Ridiculing the possibility of any multilateral intervention, a demand Sharif has made in his address at the UNGA on 26 September, on Kashmir related matter he stated that his government is ready for 'bilateral talk' to Pakistan provided Pakistan should cultivate suitable environment for talks by giving up terrorism policy against India. Modi commented briefly on climate change and use of clean energy, in this regards he also asked world leaders and UN officials for observing International Yoga Day, emphasizing the importance of incorporating Yoga in modern-day life style.
At the sidelines |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 110, "sc": 1563, "ep": 114, "ec": 44} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 110 | 1,563 | 114 | 44 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | United Nations general assembly & East Asia summit | he held bilateral meetings with Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa and Nepali Prime Minister Sushil Koirala taking his 'neighbourhood first' policy forward even in New York City. But there was no meeting with Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif following the recent low in the relation. Later he also met where Benjamin Netanyahu, in a first meeting in 11 years between the two heads of government, the Israeli Prime Minister who had highlighted the potential of the bilateral relation saying "sky is the limit". East Asia summit East Asia Summit (EAS) which is an ASEAN led |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 114, "sc": 44, "ep": 114, "ec": 680} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 114 | 44 | 114 | 680 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | East Asia summit | dialogue forum comprises 18 countries, 10 core ASEAN nations along with Japan, China, South Korea, India, Australia, New Zealand, Russia and United States. Over the years EAS has become the most important multilateral body in the Asia pacific region for discussing security, trade and commerce, environment and others unlike APEC which is purely economic in nature. Modi participated in the ninth East Asia Summit in Nay Pyi Daw, Myanmar in November which was his second major multilateral even after BRICS in July. Describing the importance of the EAS in managing regional security, Modi mentioned "No other forum brings together such |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 114, "sc": 680, "ep": 114, "ec": 1321} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 114 | 680 | 114 | 1,321 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | East Asia summit | a large collective weight of global population, youth, economy and military strength. Nor is any other forum so critical for peace, stability and prosperity in Asia-Pacific and the world".
With a veiled reference of the issue of South China Sea Modi has asked the global community for respecting maritime norms and regulations and stressed on the importance of maintaining free and secured sea-lines of communication for regular trade and commerce. He made a remark that "In a world of interdependence and globalisation, there is no option but to follow international laws and norms. This also applies to maritime security. For this |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 114, "sc": 1321, "ep": 114, "ec": 1959} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 114 | 1,321 | 114 | 1,959 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | East Asia summit | reason, following international law and norms is important for peace and stability in South China Sea as well". Modi also focused on the role of EAS member countries to tackle the menace of terrorism in the region. Modi also highlighted the re-opening of Nalanda University and the role of all EAS member states into it to showcase the joint effort of the block. Among others the issue of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was discussed in details during the summit.
In the sidelines of EAS Modi also held several bilateral meetings with his counterparts including Russia Premier Dmitry Medvedev, The Philippines |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 114, "sc": 1959, "ep": 118, "ec": 496} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 114 | 1,959 | 118 | 496 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | East Asia summit & G-20 leaders summit | President Benigno Aquino, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Indonesian President Joko Widodo. G-20 leaders summit G20 or the Group of 20 leading economies (advanced and emerging markets) of the world formed after the 2008 financial crisis for international financial governance. India which ranks 5 in terms of nominal GDP and the fastest growing economy plays an important role in the group since it began in 2008. For the first time in 2014 India was represented by Prime Minister Modi unlike all the previous summits when Dr. Manmohan Singh, a renowned economist, used to be the Prime Minister. The host and |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 118, "sc": 496, "ep": 118, "ec": 1104} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 118 | 496 | 118 | 1,104 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | G-20 leaders summit | President of 2014 summit Australia's Tony Abbott intended the summit to focus exclusively on revamping the crisis prone fragile economy and to add US$2 trillion in the global economy by additional 2% global GDP growth rate for the next five years but countries like US was more keen to discuss issues of Climate change and reduction of Carbon emission as it sealed a similar pact with China. India's interest was also aligned with Abbott as it wants to reboot its economy and return to the high growth trajectory soon. In
Modi, a chaiwallah (roadside tea vendor) turned politician eventually became |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 118, "sc": 1104, "ep": 118, "ec": 1679} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 118 | 1,104 | 118 | 1,679 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | G-20 leaders summit | the Prime Minister of world's largest democracy winning the highest number of votes in the history, was the most sought after world leader at the G20 in Brisbane and The Guardian called Modi the G20's political rock star commenting on Modi's popularity in Brisbane. His personal rapport with host Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott was something to watch out for. Abbott who was meeting Modi for the third time, after his New Delhi trip in September and in Nay Pyi Daw just 2 days back, extended a warm hug toward Modi while welcoming world leaders in the summit venue in |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 118, "sc": 1679, "ep": 118, "ec": 2303} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 118 | 1,679 | 118 | 2,303 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | G-20 leaders summit | Brisbane. This also generated in the Australian media circle as there was 'no hug' even for Abbott's long-time friend Cameron. Modi, on his longest trip of 10 days to three different countries, met leaders from 40 different countries and even his Australia trip didn't end at Brisbane thereafter he visited Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra what is being referred as his 'diplomatic juggernaut'.
The issue of black or unaccounted money kept in tax heavens (countries that allow foreigners to dump huge unaccounted money) abroad was also raised by Modi which is also a burning issue in India's domestic polity. He also |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 118, "sc": 2303, "ep": 118, "ec": 2858} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 118 | 2,303 | 118 | 2,858 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | G-20 leaders summit | stressed on the need of changing laws in certain countries to allow better information sharing of black money kept abroad as it is also linked to the terror funding. India the world's largest recipient of remittances with $71 billion sent last year, pushed hard for the reduction in the remittance costs of non-residents at the G20 summit, asking it to work on steps to reduce costs in sending money home from abroad which is as high as 10 per cent in some countries. Earlier India has been able to convince Saudi Arabia to reduce it to 3.5 per cent. G20 |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 118, "sc": 2858, "ep": 118, "ec": 3536} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 118 | 2,858 | 118 | 3,536 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | G-20 leaders summit | agreed to bring down the global average cost of transferring remittances to 5%.
In the sidelines of G20 Modi also held several bilateral meetings with his counterparts including British Prime Minister David Cameron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President François Hollande, European Union President Herman Van Rompuy, Saudi Crown Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and also attended a special dinner hosted by his friend Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan. Even before the G20 summit formally begins all five leaders of the BRICS grouping gathered in Brisbane for an informal meeting at the invitation of Brazilian President |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 118, "sc": 3536, "ep": 122, "ec": 537} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 118 | 3,536 | 122 | 537 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | G-20 leaders summit & South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | Dilma Rousseff to discuss issues concerning the group like the New Development Bank. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Relations with the immediate neighbours in South Asia, which have allegedly long been neglected by the previous governments, became a priority feature in Modi's foreign policy. He started well by inviting all the heads of states/governments of the neighbouring countries at his inauguration and then pushed for of an early summit to encourage cooperation in many regional issues like trade, connectivity, infrastructure, transit facility among the member states. In his maiden SAARC summit in Nepalese capital Kathmandu he had focused on |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 122, "sc": 537, "ep": 122, "ec": 1258} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 122 | 537 | 122 | 1,258 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | greater people to people contacts, better connectivity, commercial linkages within the region.
China, which holds an observer status in the group, was represented by Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin seen actively promoting a more active role for itself in the region including infrastructure funding through its proposed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and extending its ambitious Maritime Silk Road project to South Asian nations. Pakistan, China's all weather friend, also vouched for a more participatory role for the observer nations in the summit process, indirectly advocating for a more Chinese involvement. Although no such proposal was accepted because of India's reservation.
India |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 122, "sc": 1258, "ep": 122, "ec": 1935} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 122 | 1,258 | 122 | 1,935 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | had earlier advanced three proposal to boost connectivity in the region and those were the 'Regulation of Passenger and Cargo Vehicular Traffic amongst SAARC Member States' for seamless vehicular movement beyond the national borders the 'SAARC Regional Agreement on Railways' for international rail service and the 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)' for energy trade in the subcontinent which is often regarded as world's most energy starved region. Pakistan which is the second largest economy in the block threatened to jeopardise the entire summit by not agreeing any of the three proposed agreements. Indian Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj had |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 122, "sc": 1935, "ep": 122, "ec": 2574} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 122 | 1,935 | 122 | 2,574 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | a brief interaction with Sartaj Aziz, Pakistan's foreign affairs advisor which was seen as possible ice-breaker but later the Indian side termed it as ‘courtesy call’. The Nepalese delegation including Prime Minister Koirala, the summit host, tried hard to mediate between India and Pakistan to rescue the summit from total failure which led to a hand-shake between Modi and Sharif at the end. Finally all the sides agreed to sign the 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)' only as a face saving measure for the Kathmandu summit.
In the sidelines of the main summit Modi also held bilateral meetings with |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 122, "sc": 2574, "ep": 126, "ec": 400} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 122 | 2,574 | 126 | 400 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation & Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation | leaders of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives and Sri Lanka with a notable exception of Pakistan due to ongoing stand-off between the two countries. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Although India is not a member of APEC, Chinese president Xi Jinping, the host of the 2014 APEC summit, invited Modi to attend the event in Beijing as a guest and also showed willingness to support India's bid to join APEC. India already enjoys such support from other member states such as Russia and Vietnam. However, Modi did not participate in the meeting as a host partner country on the line of |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 126, "sc": 400, "ep": 134, "ec": 321} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 126 | 400 | 134 | 321 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation & International Agency for Solar Technologies & Applications & Asia Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) | Pakistan and Bangladesh on the account of busy diplomatic schedule and a likely state visit to China next year. International Agency for Solar Technologies & Applications PM Modi has brought together 120 countries to form a solar alliance named International Agency for Solar Technologies & Applications (INSTA). Asia Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) In November 2016, Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in their Summit Joint Statement reiterated the resolve of the two countries to “develop industrial corridors and industrial network for the growth of Asia and Africa.” India-Japan economic engagement with Africa, under the aegis |
{"datasets_id": 1907, "wiki_id": "Q17495714", "sp": 134, "sc": 321, "ep": 134, "ec": 719} | 1,907 | Q17495714 | 134 | 321 | 134 | 719 | Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | Asia Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) | of Asia Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC), is based on the premise that the direction of global economic activities is indeed shifting towards the Indo-Pacific region.
AAGC seeks to provide an alternative model of development and partnership between developed and developing countries/region for mutual benefit incorporating interconnectivity, infrastructure development and capacity building. |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 675} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 675 | Forensic polymer engineering | Methods of analysis | Forensic polymer engineering Methods of analysis Thermoplastics can be analysed using infra-red spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the environmental scanning electron microscope. Failed samples can either be dissolved in a suitable solvent and examined directly (UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy) or be a thin film cast from solvent or cut using microtomy from the solid product. Infra-red spectroscopy is especially useful for assessing oxidation of polymers, such as the polymer degradation caused by faulty injection moulding. The spectrum shows the characteristic carbonyl group produced by oxidation of polypropylene, which made the product brittle. It was a critical |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 6, "sc": 675, "ep": 10, "ec": 164} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 6 | 675 | 10 | 164 | Forensic polymer engineering | Methods of analysis & Fracture | part of a crutch, and when it failed, the user fell and injured herself very seriously. The spectrum was obtained from a thin film cast from a solution of a sample of the plastic taken from the failed forearm crutch.
Microtomy is preferable since there are no complications from solvent absorption, and the integrity of the sample is partly preserved. Thermosets, composites and elastomers can often be examined using only microtomy owing to the insoluble nature of these materials. Fracture Fractured products can be examined using fractography, an especially useful method for all broken components using macrophotography and optical microscopy. Although |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 10, "sc": 164, "ep": 10, "ec": 842} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 10 | 164 | 10 | 842 | Forensic polymer engineering | Fracture | polymers usually possess quite different properties to metals, ceramics and glasses, they are just as susceptible to failure from mechanical overload, fatigue and stress corrosion cracking if products are poorly designed or manufactured.
Scanning electron microscopy or ESEM is especially useful for examining fracture surfaces and can also provide elemental analysis of viewed parts of the sample being investigated. It is effectively a technique of microanalysis and valuable for examination of trace evidence. On the other hand, colour rendition is absent in ESEM, and there is no information provided about the way in which those elements are bonded to one another. |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 10, "sc": 842, "ep": 18, "ec": 209} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 10 | 842 | 18 | 209 | Forensic polymer engineering | Fracture & Examples & Ozone cracking | Specimens will be exposed to a partial vacuum, so any volatiles may be removed, and surfaces may be contaminated by substances used to attach the sample to the mount. Examples Many polymers are attacked by specific chemicals in the environment, and serious problems can arise, including road accidents and personal injury. Polymer degradation leads to sample embrittlement, and fracture under low applied loads. Ozone cracking Polymers for example, can be attacked by aggressive chemicals, and if under load, then cracks will grow by the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking. Perhaps the oldest known example is the ozone cracking of |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 18, "sc": 209, "ep": 22, "ec": 51} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 18 | 209 | 22 | 51 | Forensic polymer engineering | Ozone cracking & Chlorine-induced cracking | rubbers, where traces of ozone in the atmosphere attack double bonds in the chains of the materials. Elastomers with double bonds in their chains include natural rubber, nitrile rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber. They are all highly susceptible to ozone attack, and can cause problems like vehicle fires (from rubber fuel lines) and tyre blow-outs. Nowadays, anti-ozonants are widely added to these polymers, so the incidence of cracking has dropped. However, not all safety-critical rubber products are protected, and, since only ppb of ozone will start attack, failures are still occurring. Chlorine-induced cracking Another highly reactive gas is chlorine, which will |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 22, "sc": 51, "ep": 22, "ec": 687} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 22 | 51 | 22 | 687 | Forensic polymer engineering | Chlorine-induced cracking | attack susceptible polymers such as acetal resin and polybutylene pipework. There have been many examples of such pipes and acetal fittings failing in properties in the USA as a result of chlorine-induced cracking. Essentially the gas attacks sensitive parts of the chain molecules (especially secondary, tertiary or allylic carbon atoms), oxidising the chains and ultimately causing chain cleavage. The root cause is traces of chlorine in the water supply, added for its anti-bacterial action, attack occurring even at parts per million traces of the dissolved gas. The chlorine attacks weak parts of a product, and, in the case of an |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 22, "sc": 687, "ep": 26, "ec": 311} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 22 | 687 | 26 | 311 | Forensic polymer engineering | Chlorine-induced cracking & Hydrolysis | acetal resin junction in a water supply system, it is the thread roots that were attacked first, causing a brittle crack to grow. The discoloration on the fracture surface was caused by deposition of carbonates from the hard water supply, so the joint had been in a critical state for many months. Hydrolysis Most step-growth polymers can suffer hydrolysis in the presence of water, often a reaction catalysed by acid or alkali. Nylon for example, will degrade and crack rapidly if exposed to strong acids, a phenomenon well known to people who accidentally spill acid onto their tights.
The broken fuel |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 26, "sc": 311, "ep": 26, "ec": 902} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 26 | 311 | 26 | 902 | Forensic polymer engineering | Hydrolysis | pipe caused a serious accident when diesel fuel poured out from a van onto the road. A following car skidded and the driver was seriously injured when she collided with an oncoming lorry. Scanning electron microscopy or SEM showed that the nylon connector had fractured by stress corrosion cracking due to a small leak of battery acid. Nylon is susceptible to hydrolysis in contact with sulfuric acid, and only a small leak of acid would have sufficed to start a brittle crack in the injection moulded connector by a mechanism known as stress corrosion cracking, or SCC.
The crack |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 26, "sc": 902, "ep": 26, "ec": 1472} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 26 | 902 | 26 | 1,472 | Forensic polymer engineering | Hydrolysis | took about 7 days to grow across the diameter of the tube, hence the van driver should have seen the leak well before the crack grew to a critical size. He did not, therefore resulting in the accident. The fracture surface showed a mainly brittle surface with striations indicating progressive growth of the crack across the diameter of the pipe. Once the crack had penetrated the inner bore, fuel started leaking onto the road. Diesel is especially hazardous on road surfaces because it forms a thin oily film that cannot be seen easily by drivers. It is akin to black |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 26, "sc": 1472, "ep": 30, "ec": 192} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 26 | 1,472 | 30 | 192 | Forensic polymer engineering | Hydrolysis & UV degradation | ice in lubricity, so skids are common when diesel leaks occur. The insurers of the van driver admitted liability and the injured driver was compensated.
Polycarbonate is susceptible to alkali hydrolysis, the reaction simply depolymerising the material. Polyesters are prone to degrade when treated with strong acids, and in all these cases, care must be taken to dry the raw materials for processing at high temperatures to prevent the problem occurring. UV degradation Many polymers are also attacked by UV radiation at vulnerable points in their chain structures. Thus polypropylene suffers severe cracking in sunlight unless anti-oxidants are added. The point |
{"datasets_id": 1908, "wiki_id": "Q5468723", "sp": 30, "sc": 192, "ep": 30, "ec": 811} | 1,908 | Q5468723 | 30 | 192 | 30 | 811 | Forensic polymer engineering | UV degradation | of attack occurs at the tertiary carbon atom present in every repeat unit, causing oxidation and finally chain breakage. Polyethylene is also susceptible to UV degradation, especially those variants that are branched polymers such as LDPE. The branch points are tertiary carbon atoms, so polymer degradation starts there and results in chain cleavage, and embrittlement. In the example shown at left, carbonyl groups were easily detected by IR spectroscopy from a cast thin film. The product was a road cone that had cracked in service, and many similar cones also failed because an anti-UV additive had not been used. |
{"datasets_id": 1909, "wiki_id": "Q55389820", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 524} | 1,909 | Q55389820 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 524 | Forest Bathing | Album name and concept | Forest Bathing Album name and concept The term forest bathing refers to the Japanese concept of Shinrin-yoku (森林浴), a Japanese form of nature therapy. According to L.M. Dupli-cation, "This is not an urban music. It's rural; songs of the woods and roads where there are no sidewalks or street lamps to light your way. "A Broken Road lined with Poplar Trees" describes just this- the dirt from the summer sun, a melody from home on my tongue. The song "Babayaga" by Trost, is a tribute to the archetypal crone Babayaga, who sticks out her cane just as a child runs |
{"datasets_id": 1909, "wiki_id": "Q55389820", "sp": 6, "sc": 524, "ep": 6, "ec": 776} | 1,909 | Q55389820 | 6 | 524 | 6 | 776 | Forest Bathing | Album name and concept | by... And "The Washing Bear" is a classic brass romp, connecting Serbian brass with it's [sic] Southern brothers in Albania and Turkey..."
The band cites the Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico as "their forest bath of choice." |
{"datasets_id": 1910, "wiki_id": "Q5469008", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 5} | 1,910 | Q5469008 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 5 | Forest Lake Township, Washington County, Minnesota | History & Geography & Demographics | Forest Lake Township, Washington County, Minnesota History Forest Lake Township's first settlers arrived in the latter half of the 1850s, and the township was officially established in 1893. In the same year, part of the township incorporated as the village of Forest Lake. In 2001, Forest Lake (by this point, a city) annexed the entire township. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 31.2 square miles (81 km²), of which, 26.9 square miles (70 km²) of it is land and 4.4 square miles (11 km²) of it (13.96%) is water. Demographics As of |
{"datasets_id": 1910, "wiki_id": "Q5469008", "sp": 14, "sc": 5, "ep": 14, "ec": 620} | 1,910 | Q5469008 | 14 | 5 | 14 | 620 | Forest Lake Township, Washington County, Minnesota | Demographics | the census of 2000, there were 7,642 people, 2,628 households, and 2,178 families residing in the township. The population density was 284.3 people per square mile (109.8/km²). There were 2,716 housing units at an average density of 101.1/sq mi (39.0/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 97.66% White, 0.20% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.
There were 2,628 households out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with |
{"datasets_id": 1910, "wiki_id": "Q5469008", "sp": 14, "sc": 620, "ep": 14, "ec": 1157} | 1,910 | Q5469008 | 14 | 620 | 14 | 1,157 | Forest Lake Township, Washington County, Minnesota | Demographics | them, 74.8% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.1% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the township the population was spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age |
{"datasets_id": 1910, "wiki_id": "Q5469008", "sp": 14, "sc": 1157, "ep": 14, "ec": 1669} | 1,910 | Q5469008 | 14 | 1,157 | 14 | 1,669 | Forest Lake Township, Washington County, Minnesota | Demographics | was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $70,671, and the median income for a family was $74,564. Males had a median income of $49,259 versus $35,111 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,066. About 1.7% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over. |
{"datasets_id": 1911, "wiki_id": "Q5469909", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 561} | 1,911 | Q5469909 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 561 | Form 8-K | Form 8-K Form 8-K is a very broad form used to notify investors in United States public companies of specified events that may be important to shareholders or the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. This is one of the most common types of forms filed with the SEC. After a significant event like bankruptcy or departure of a CEO, a public company generally must file a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days to provide an update to previously filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and/or Annual Reports on Form 10-K. Form 8-K is required to be |
|
{"datasets_id": 1911, "wiki_id": "Q5469909", "sp": 4, "sc": 561, "ep": 8, "ec": 541} | 1,911 | Q5469909 | 4 | 561 | 8 | 541 | Form 8-K | When Form 8-K is required | filed by public companies with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When Form 8-K is required Form 8-K is used to notify investors of a current event. These types of events include signing, amending or terminating material definitive agreements not made in the ordinary course of business, bankruptcies or receiverships, mine shutdowns or violations of mine health and safety laws, consummation of a material asset acquisition or sale, results of operations and financial condition, creating certain financial obligations, such as incurrence of material debt, triggering events that accelerate material obligations (such as defaults on |
{"datasets_id": 1911, "wiki_id": "Q5469909", "sp": 8, "sc": 541, "ep": 8, "ec": 1296} | 1,911 | Q5469909 | 8 | 541 | 8 | 1,296 | Form 8-K | When Form 8-K is required | a loan), costs associated with exit or disposal plans (layoffs, shutting down a plant, or material change in services or outlets), material impairments, delisting from a securities exchange or failing to satisfy listing requirements, unregistered equity sales (private placements), modifications to shareholder rights, change in accountants, determinations that previously issued financial statements cannot be relied upon, change in control, senior officer appointments and departures, director elections and departures, amendments to certificate/articles of incorporation or bylaws, changes in fiscal year, trading suspension under employee benefit plans, amendments or waivers of code of ethics, changes in shell company status, results of shareholder |
{"datasets_id": 1911, "wiki_id": "Q5469909", "sp": 8, "sc": 1296, "ep": 12, "ec": 223} | 1,911 | Q5469909 | 8 | 1,296 | 12 | 223 | Form 8-K | When Form 8-K is required & Reading Form 8K | votes, disclosures applicable to issuers of asset-backed securities, disclosures necessary to comply with Regulation FD, other material events, and certain financial statements and other exhibits.
Investors should always read any 8-K filings that are made by companies in which they are invested. These reports are often material to the company, and frequently contain information that will affect the share price. Reading Form 8K Typically an 8-K filing will only have two major parts: the name and description of the event and any exhibits that are relevant. The name and description of the event contains all the information that the company considers |
{"datasets_id": 1911, "wiki_id": "Q5469909", "sp": 12, "sc": 223, "ep": 12, "ec": 519} | 1,911 | Q5469909 | 12 | 223 | 12 | 519 | Form 8-K | Reading Form 8K | relevant to shareholders and the SEC. It is important to read this information, as it has been deemed "material" by the company. Any exhibits that are relevant may include financial statements, press releases, data tables, or other information that is referenced in the description of the event. |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 572} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 572 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Attack | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting Attack The shooter opened fire with a Walther PPS 9mm semi-automatic pistol in the airport at about 12:53 p.m. EST, in the baggage claim area of Terminal 2, which is the host terminal for Delta Air Lines and Air Canada. Video showed travelers rushing out of the airport and hundreds of people waiting on the ramp as numerous law enforcement officers rushed to the scene. Part of the panic occurred following "unfounded reports of additional gunshots"; the false alarm touched off a brief panic in other terminals. Former White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer tweeted from the |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 6, "sc": 572, "ep": 10, "ec": 300} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 6 | 572 | 10 | 300 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Attack & Aftermath | airport, "Shots have been fired. Everyone is running."
The shooting lasted about 70 to 80 seconds. The suspect lay down on the floor after he stopped shooting, having run out of ammunition. Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel stated that law enforcement officers did not fire shots and that the gunman was arrested without further incident. Aftermath The Federal Aviation Administration issued a ground stop notice, closing the airport to all but emergency flights. Port Everglades, staffed by American Red Cross, assisted about 10,000 passengers who were bused there for food, shelter and to connect to transportation. The airport remained closed for |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 10, "sc": 300, "ep": 10, "ec": 938} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 10 | 300 | 10 | 938 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Aftermath | the remainder of the day, but reopened to commercial flights early the following day. Following the shooting, more than 20,000 pieces of baggage were left at the airport amid the chaos. Passengers were contacted by the FBI as a result of the shooting.
President Obama was briefed about the shooting by Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Lisa Monaco. President-elect Donald Trump tweeted that he was monitoring the situation and that he had spoken with Florida Governor Rick Scott regarding the shooting. President Obama later consoled the victims and stated that he had asked his staff to reach |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 10, "sc": 938, "ep": 14, "ec": 304} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 10 | 938 | 14 | 304 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Aftermath & Victims | out to Mayor Jack Seiler in order to make sure efforts were coordinated between state and local officials. Scott ordered flags of the United States and of Florida to be flown at half-mast throughout the state on January 7 and 8 to honor the victims. Victims Five people died in the attack, all of whom were passing through Fort Lauderdale to begin cruises with their spouses. The number of people injured due to the shooting was six, with three admitted to intensive care units. The sheriff said that in addition to the people injured by gunshots, about 30 to 40 |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 14, "sc": 304, "ep": 18, "ec": 546} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 14 | 304 | 18 | 546 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Victims & Investigation | others were "injured in the panic" during the event. Investigation Santiago was identified by multiple law agencies as the only suspect, having fired a semi-automatic 9mm handgun at people in the baggage claim in Terminal 2. Per court documents and a federal affidavit, Santiago admitted to planning the attack, buying a one-way ticket to the airport and checking a box with a Walther 9mm semiautomatic handgun and the two ammunition magazines he used in the shooting. He stated that he later loaded his handgun in a bathroom at the airport and "shot the first people he encountered" after coming out.
The |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 18, "sc": 546, "ep": 18, "ec": 1138} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 18 | 546 | 18 | 1,138 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Investigation | suspect made a flight reservation to New York City, New York for December 31, 2016, which officials told ABC News might have been his preferred destination. However, he canceled the reservation, and investigators believe that the deployment of a large number of NYPD officers may have been the reason he did so. He booked a one-way ticket to Florida a few days later. Counterterrorism officials in New York meanwhile investigated his plan to visit the city and whether he planned to stay or transfer to another flight. The FBI stated that he appeared to have arrived in the city specifically |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 18, "sc": 1138, "ep": 18, "ec": 1762} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 18 | 1,138 | 18 | 1,762 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Investigation | to carry out the shooting. Investigators found no specific reason why he chose the airport, nor had they determined a motive.
The Qupqugiaq Inn, a motel in midtown Anchorage, was evacuated and searched on the day of the shooting as part of the investigation into the suspect. He had recently been a resident of the Qupqugiaq Inn, which offers monthly rentals. The FBI used a flatbed tow truck to seize the motel's dumpster, which was searched at their Anchorage field office. They conducted interviews with 175 witnesses and people who knew Santiago. According to government officials, Santiago had not been flagged |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 18, "sc": 1762, "ep": 18, "ec": 2411} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 18 | 1,762 | 18 | 2,411 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Investigation | for significant foreign travel or possible terrorism ties. However, they did not rule out terrorism as a possible motive, with the police investigating whether or not he was a homegrown terrorist or mentally disturbed.
TMZ released a leaked video of the shooting on January 8 which led to the launch of an investigation into the leak. A Broward Sheriff's Office deputy, identified as the individual who leaked the video, was put on paid suspension pending investigation.
Investigators stated that during initial interviews, the suspect said that he had been under "government mind control" and "hearing voices" and that he had been |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 18, "sc": 2411, "ep": 22, "ec": 266} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 18 | 2,411 | 22 | 266 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Investigation & Prosecution | "participating in jihadi chat rooms online" before the attack. Later in April 2017, the investigators stated that no link to terrorism was found. During interviews with police after the attack, Santiago also stated that the gun used in the shooting was the same weapon seized and later returned by the police in Anchorage in 2016. Prosecution The day after the shooting, federal officials filed criminal charges against him including performing an act of violence at an international airport, using and carrying a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence and causing the death of a person through |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 22, "sc": 266, "ep": 22, "ec": 921} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 22 | 266 | 22 | 921 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Prosecution | use of a firearm.
A federal public defender was appointed for Santiago since he was unable to pay for a lawyer. He was ordered detained without bond, and was indicted on 22 federal charges on January 26. He pleaded not guilty to all the charges during a court hearing on January 30, 2017.
After his arrest, Santiago was diagnosed with schizophrenia as well as schizoaffective disorder. He initially refused to take psychotropic medication, but later took medications, and his mental condition showed marked improvement. He was deemed legally competent to stand trial. Before trial, Santiago's attorneys and federal prosecutors made a plea |
{"datasets_id": 1912, "wiki_id": "Q28133931", "sp": 22, "sc": 921, "ep": 22, "ec": 1452} | 1,912 | Q28133931 | 22 | 921 | 22 | 1,452 | Fort Lauderdale airport shooting | Prosecution | agreement in which Santiago would plead guilty in return for a sentence of life in prison, avoiding the death penalty, which federal prosecutors had originally considered pursuing. On May 23, 2018, Santiago pleaded guilty in the shooting. On August 17, 2018, Santiago was sentenced to five consecutive life sentences plus 120 years in prison. on September 12th 2018 he was transferred from FDC Miami to FTC Oklahoma City on September 20th he was then transferred to USP Allenwood given Federal Bureau of Prisons number 15500-104. |
{"datasets_id": 1913, "wiki_id": "Q1866018", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 569} | 1,913 | Q1866018 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 569 | Fort Qu'Appelle | Origins and early history | Fort Qu'Appelle Origins and early history The current site is the third Fort Qu'Appelle. The first was a North West Company trading post (1801–05), also in the valley but near what is now the Saskatchewan-Manitoba border. The Hudson's Bay Company itself first used the name for a post north of present-day Whitewood (some 174 kilometres east of Regina on Number 1 Highway) from 1813 to 1819.
Prior to the mid-19th century establishment of the more lengthily surviving fur-trading post at the ultimate site of the town, it "was the hub of several historic trails that traversed the northwest". It was the |
{"datasets_id": 1913, "wiki_id": "Q1866018", "sp": 6, "sc": 569, "ep": 6, "ec": 1224} | 1,913 | Q1866018 | 6 | 569 | 6 | 1,224 | Fort Qu'Appelle | Origins and early history | site of a Hudson's Bay Company post from 1852 to 1854. An Anglican mission was established, which still survives as the town's St. John the Evangelist Anglican parish church.
The post was revived again from 1864 to 1911. With the signing of Treaty 4 by Cree and Salteaux aboriginal peoples at Fort Qu'Appelle the North-West Mounted Police, now the RCMP, arrived and have maintained a continuous presence in the town ever since.
Substantial transformation of Fort Qu'Appelle occurred when farm development began in the 1880s and farmers required a nearby urban centre for selling their grain and other products, purchasing agricultural and |
{"datasets_id": 1913, "wiki_id": "Q1866018", "sp": 6, "sc": 1224, "ep": 6, "ec": 1883} | 1,913 | Q1866018 | 6 | 1,224 | 6 | 1,883 | Fort Qu'Appelle | Origins and early history | domestic supplies and for social gathering beyond rural schools and churches. It was not anticipated that initial partition of agricultural land into farms of one-quarter section (250 acres) would not last long and farm population would substantially reduce very quickly; the process accelerated in the 1970s when farmers began selling their land and retiring in substantial numbers to Fort Qu'Appelle and the custom of elderly farmers remaining at home with offspring past into history, with more retiring to town.
The name "Qu'Appelle" comes from "is French for 'who calls' and is derived from its Cree name, kah-tep-was ('river that calls'). There |
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