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{"datasets_id": 1931, "wiki_id": "Q5479554", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 287} | 1,931 | Q5479554 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 287 | Francesco Ruggero | Biography | Francesco Ruggero Biography He competed in the marathon at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Francesco Ruggero lined up at the start of the marathon of the 1912 Summer Olympics on behalf of the Italian colony living in New York City, who paid all the expenses, and then left for the Swedish capital from the United States. |
{"datasets_id": 1932, "wiki_id": "Q18150401", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 513} | 1,932 | Q18150401 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 513 | Franchise Hockey Manager | History | Franchise Hockey Manager History The most recent version of Franchise Hockey Manager 2 (FHM 2) released on September 28, 2015 on Mac and PC. It is available through the developer website and also through Steam. The new version allows the user to take control of a team in any of 21 leagues from around the world, including the NHL, KHL, Canadian leagues, minor leagues in the US, leagues in the UK, leagues in Sweden and Finland, and more. You can also play any historical NHL or WHA season back to 1931 or create a custom fictional setup. FHM 2 |
{"datasets_id": 1932, "wiki_id": "Q18150401", "sp": 6, "sc": 513, "ep": 6, "ec": 1109} | 1,932 | Q18150401 | 6 | 513 | 6 | 1,109 | Franchise Hockey Manager | History | also contains a new game engine, a revamped tactics system and support for league expansion.
Like its cousin, OOTP, FHM puts players in the role of a GM and coach: They sign free agents, trade players, set up strategies, decide on lines, and more.
FHM 2 has been noted as being a large improvement over its predecessor.
"When all's said and done, Franchise Hockey Manager 2 is a big step up from its predecessor. Those who have stuck by the developer and go out and purchase this game having previously owned Franchise Hockey Manager 2014 will find a much more polished |
{"datasets_id": 1932, "wiki_id": "Q18150401", "sp": 6, "sc": 1109, "ep": 6, "ec": 1674} | 1,932 | Q18150401 | 6 | 1,109 | 6 | 1,674 | Franchise Hockey Manager | History | game this time around. They will also be pleased with the care and attention the team have given to the database, game modes and options, and the sheer number of teams and players available from the get go," wrote The Digital Fix.
The first version, FHM 2014, was released on September 3, 2013. It featured 19 leagues from around the world, It also included historical NHL play back to 1947 and the entire 1970s history of the WHA.
"The amount of detail involved is great -- they have rosters and prospects for all NHL teams, but also for junior |
{"datasets_id": 1932, "wiki_id": "Q18150401", "sp": 6, "sc": 1674, "ep": 10, "ec": 138} | 1,932 | Q18150401 | 6 | 1,674 | 10 | 138 | Franchise Hockey Manager | History & Development | and European leagues -- and it's still fun to mix and match line combinations," wrote TSN (The Sports Network) columnist Scott Cullen in a column on Oct. 2, 2013.
A major update to the game, released on March 9, 2014, included: new training, scouting, and staff/personnel systems; four new leagues in the US, Switzerland, Asia, and Finland; a new blind mode; and many fixes and improvements. With that release, the game now had 23 leagues. Development In an April 3, 2014 interview conducted by Bryan Calhoun, who co-hosts the Got Game show on the Sportsnet AM 590 radio station in Toronto, |
{"datasets_id": 1932, "wiki_id": "Q18150401", "sp": 10, "sc": 138, "ep": 10, "ec": 705} | 1,932 | Q18150401 | 10 | 138 | 10 | 705 | Franchise Hockey Manager | Development | for the Sportsnet web site, FHM producer Jeff Riddolls explained that the game is "part of a genre of sports management games that’s very popular in Europe – Football Manager, our soccer counterpart, sells well over a million copies annually – but only has a small audience on our side of the Atlantic so far."
When Calhoun asked how the game handles the unique rules of the many leagues in the game, Riddolls explained: "It does [have them]. In some cases, though, those rules are a little difficult to model within the game - the limitations on the use of |
{"datasets_id": 1932, "wiki_id": "Q18150401", "sp": 10, "sc": 705, "ep": 10, "ec": 1092} | 1,932 | Q18150401 | 10 | 705 | 10 | 1,092 | Franchise Hockey Manager | Development | 15-year-olds in major junior, for example. So we occasionally have to handle them in an abstract way or leave a rule out if it just won’t work in a game setting, but for the most part we try to have the league rules work as accurately as possible."
Riddolls also confirmed that like OOTP Developments' other major title, Out of the Park Baseball, FHM will be an annual release. |
{"datasets_id": 1933, "wiki_id": "Q5479829", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 582} | 1,933 | Q5479829 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 582 | Francina International Modeling Agency | History | Francina International Modeling Agency History In 1982, Mestre opened the Francina New Modeling School, the first of its kind in Spain. She saw the progress of her school's students and decided to help launch them onto the catwalks and the market by creating her own talent agency, the Francina International Modeling Agency.
The school and agency's first major success came in the early 1990s with Judit Mascó, who became the first Spanish model to be featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. Mestre also represents international models such as Fernanda Tavares, Jeisa Chiminazzo, Tiiu Kuik, and |
{"datasets_id": 1933, "wiki_id": "Q5479829", "sp": 6, "sc": 582, "ep": 6, "ec": 890} | 1,933 | Q5479829 | 6 | 582 | 6 | 890 | Francina International Modeling Agency | History | Cintia Dicker.
In 1998, Mestre created the Options by Francina Models Agency in order to discover new talents in the fashion world.
In 2004, she decided to close the School, and fully devote her efforts to the Francina International Modeling Agency and the Options by Francina Models Agency. |
{"datasets_id": 1934, "wiki_id": "Q5480141", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 476} | 1,934 | Q5480141 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 476 | Francis Barrallier | Life and career | Francis Barrallier Francis Louis Barrallier (19 October 1773 – 11 June 1853) was a French-born explorer of Australia. Life and career Francis Barrallier was the eldest son of Jean-Louis Barrallier, a French marine engineer and Royalist supporter who escaped to the United Kingdom in 1793 during the Siege of Toulon by the Republicans. Francis arrived in Australia in April 1800 and in July 1800 the Governor of New South Wales, Philip Gidley King, appointed him as an ensign in the New South Wales Corps. He was made engineer and artillery officer in August 1801.
His first assignment was to design the |
{"datasets_id": 1934, "wiki_id": "Q5480141", "sp": 8, "sc": 476, "ep": 8, "ec": 1089} | 1,934 | Q5480141 | 8 | 476 | 8 | 1,089 | Francis Barrallier | Life and career | Parramatta orphan asylum building. In March 1801 he sailed with Lieutenant James Grant in HMS Lady Nelson to further explore Bass Strait, and was responsible for the charting of Western Port and other parts of the coast. Barrallier's work on the maps of Jervis Bay, Western Port and some of Bass Strait were recognised by Governor Philip Gidley King, who made him engineer and artillery officer in the Corps.
In June a voyage with Grant was made to the Hunter River, where Barrallier made a survey of Coal Harbour (now Newcastle) and part of the river.
In October–November 1802 he was directed by |
{"datasets_id": 1934, "wiki_id": "Q5480141", "sp": 8, "sc": 1089, "ep": 8, "ec": 1636} | 1,934 | Q5480141 | 8 | 1,089 | 8 | 1,636 | Francis Barrallier | Life and career | Governor King to try to find a way over Blue Mountains to the west of Sydney. He travelled about 140 miles in seven weeks, but had to turn back – at one stage due to unfriendly Aborigines, and later due to a lack of supplies.
He did not succeed in crossing the range. His finishing point was "towards the head of Christy's Creek, about 15 or 16 miles in a direct line southerly from Jenolan Caves".
In the May 1803 he resigned from the New South Wales Corps and left for England. Other examples of his work in Sydney included the |
{"datasets_id": 1934, "wiki_id": "Q5480141", "sp": 8, "sc": 1636, "ep": 8, "ec": 2201} | 1,934 | Q5480141 | 8 | 1,636 | 8 | 2,201 | Francis Barrallier | Life and career | design of the fort on Observatory Hill (used as a signal station in the 1850s) and plans for the first vessel built in Sydney.
In 1805 he was appointed a lieutenant in the 90th Regiment. In 1806 he was at St Vincent, and in 1809 was present at the capture of the island of Martinique.
He was made a captain in 1812. He spent some years making a military survey of the island of Barbados, was present at the capture of Guadaloupe in 1814, and was appointed surveyor-general of the island. Barrallier returned to England in 1819. He died in London on |
{"datasets_id": 1934, "wiki_id": "Q5480141", "sp": 8, "sc": 2201, "ep": 8, "ec": 2326} | 1,934 | Q5480141 | 8 | 2,201 | 8 | 2,326 | Francis Barrallier | Life and career | 11 June 1853.
Barrallier Island in Western Port and the locality of Barrallier, New South Wales are named after him. |
{"datasets_id": 1935, "wiki_id": "Q5480291", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 544} | 1,935 | Q5480291 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 544 | Francis Booker | Francis Booker Francis Booker (8 October 1746 – 13 November 1806) was an English first-class cricketer who was born in the village of Eynsford, which is about eight miles north of Sevenoaks, in Kent. He lived his whole life there and kept the Soho Inn. His known career was from 1773 to 1790 and he is mentioned by sources in connection with a total of 53 top-class matches (45 first-class and five single wicket).
Booker was a left-handed batsman who was noted as a fine hitter of the ball and a very good outfielder. He mostly played for Kent teams |
|
{"datasets_id": 1935, "wiki_id": "Q5480291", "sp": 4, "sc": 544, "ep": 4, "ec": 587} | 1,935 | Q5480291 | 4 | 544 | 4 | 587 | Francis Booker | and was rated a good single wicket player. |
|
{"datasets_id": 1936, "wiki_id": "Q5480751", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 556} | 1,936 | Q5480751 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 556 | Francis Dominic Murnaghan Jr. | Education and career | Francis Dominic Murnaghan Jr. Education and career Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Murnaghan received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1941 and was a United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant during World War II, from 1942 to 1946. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1948. He was in private practice in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1950. He was a staff attorney of the United States Department of State High Commission on Germany in Frankfurt, West Germany from 1950 to 1952. He was an assistant state attorney general of Maryland from 1952 to 1954. |
{"datasets_id": 1936, "wiki_id": "Q5480751", "sp": 6, "sc": 556, "ep": 14, "ec": 73} | 1,936 | Q5480751 | 6 | 556 | 14 | 73 | Francis Dominic Murnaghan Jr. | Education and career & Federal judicial service & Personal | He was in private practice in Baltimore from 1954 to 1979. Federal judicial service Murnaghan was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on May 8, 1979, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, to a new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 12, 1979, and received his commission on July 13, 1979. Murnaghan served in that capacity until his death on August 31, 2000, in Baltimore. Personal Murnaghan's father was Francis Dominic Murnaghan, a famous mathematician. |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 9} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 9 | Francis Farewell | Early life & Cape Colony and Natal | Francis Farewell Early life Farewell was born at Holbrook House near Wincanton in the Blackmore Vale in 1784. His father was the Reverend Samuel Farewell, who died when Francis was young. Francis and the rest of the Farewell family then moved from Holbrook to Tiverton, Devon. There he became a scholar at Blundell's School until the age of 13, when he left to become a midshipman in the Royal Navy. He fought against the French in the Napoleonic Wars, including the Battle of Lissa. He ended his service with the rank of lieutenant. Cape Colony and Natal After the |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 10, "sc": 9, "ep": 10, "ec": 638} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 638 | Francis Farewell | Cape Colony and Natal | war, Farewell entered the merchant marine, commanding merchant vessels on the South American and Indian trade routes. In 1820, Farewell arrived in Cape Town in the Cape Colony as the managing owner of the merchant vessel ″Frances Charlotte". In 1822, he married Elizabeth Caterina Schmidt, the step-daughter of a Cape Town merchant.
In 1823, Farewell was a partner in The Farewell Trading company, which aimed to establish an ivory trade in Natal. In June 1823, Farewell sailed aboard the brig ″Salisbury" as part of the company's first expedition to Natal. Farewell almost drowned in the surf when a landing attempt was |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 10, "sc": 638, "ep": 10, "ec": 1264} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 10 | 638 | 10 | 1,264 | Francis Farewell | Cape Colony and Natal | made at St. Lucia, but was rescued by a native interpreter. After five weeks at St. Lucia, the expedition headed to Algoa Bay to replenish supplies before heading on to Port Natal, where it was determined a settlement could be established. Farewell returned to Port Natal in 1824 with a small group of thirty settlers—twenty Boers and ten Englishmen. Farewell also had employed three Khoikhoi servants, and he owned one of the settlement's two support ships, the sloop ″Julia".
In late 1824, Farewell asked for Shaka's permission to establish a trading post in Natal. Shaka agreed, and Farewell established Port Natal |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 10, "sc": 1264, "ep": 14, "ec": 449} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 10 | 1,264 | 14 | 449 | Francis Farewell | Cape Colony and Natal & Death | as a place for ships travelling to India to stop at, and also for Farewell to trade with the Zulus for ivory. Death In 1829 Farewell set out for Natal from Port Elizabeth, heading overland with a wagon train loaded with two and a half tons of beads for trade with the Zulus, who were now led by King Dingane, Shaka's half-brother and a plotter in Shaka's assassination the year before. Farewell was accompanied by Thackwray, a trader, and Walker, a naturalist. When Farewell's wagon train reached the vicinity of the kraal of Qwabe chief Nqetho, he halted the wagon |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 14, "sc": 449, "ep": 14, "ec": 1068} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 14 | 449 | 14 | 1,068 | Francis Farewell | Death | train and set off to visit the chief accompanied by Thackwray, Walker, and eight Zulu and Khoikhoi servants, leaving fellow Port Natal settler John Cane in charge of the wagons.
After being received with "apparent kindness" by Nqetho, Farewell, Thackwray, and Walker set up camp outside the kraal while their servants slept in huts located in the kraal. Before they retired for the night, the servants informed Farewell that Nqetho was not to be trusted, and that the atmosphere inside the kraal was tense, but Farewell ignored them. During the night, Lynx, one of Farewell's servants, slipped out of the kraal |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 14, "sc": 1068, "ep": 14, "ec": 1668} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 14 | 1,068 | 14 | 1,668 | Francis Farewell | Death | to warn Farewell that Nqetho was plotting the deaths of Farewell and his party. (Nqetho had recently quarreled with Dingane and considered him an enemy, and was not sympathetic towards Farewell due to his trading with Dingane. He also assumed one of Farewell's Zulu servants, who was the son of a Zulu chief, was a spy.) Instead of heeding Lynx's warning, Farewell called Lynx a coward and went back to sleep.
Just before dawn, Qwabe warriors approached Farewell's tent, cut its ropes, and stabbed Farewell and his comrades through the canvas, killing all three of them. Lynx, who had armed |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 14, "sc": 1668, "ep": 14, "ec": 2272} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 14 | 1,668 | 14 | 2,272 | Francis Farewell | Death | himself with a musket and was keeping watch, kicked his companions awake upon hearing the assault on Farewell's tent and led them from the kraal. Only Lynx and two others survived to reach the wagon train, but Lynx killed three of their pursuers despite being wounded several times.
Lynx informed Cane of Farewell's fate, and Cane promptly led the rest of the servants into the bush to elude the Qwabe warriors who soon reached the train and ransacked the wagons, killing all the horses and oxen and taking all of the beads. Cane returned to Grahamstown to reequip, bringing Farewell's ill-fated |
{"datasets_id": 1937, "wiki_id": "Q530345", "sp": 14, "sc": 2272, "ep": 18, "ec": 48} | 1,937 | Q530345 | 14 | 2,272 | 18 | 48 | Francis Farewell | Death & Legacy | overland journey to a close. Legacy Farewell Square in Durban is named in his honor. |
{"datasets_id": 1938, "wiki_id": "Q5480983", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 188} | 1,938 | Q5480983 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 188 | Francis Fortescue | Life & Career | Francis Fortescue Sir Francis Fortescue (ca. 1563–1624), KB was an English politician. Life Francis was the eldest surviving son of John Fortescue I and his wife, Cecily Ashfield. His brothers were William Fortescue and Thomas Fortescue II. In 1589, he married Grace Manners. They had at least one child, his heir, John. Career In 1600, he became the Custos Rotulorum of Buckinghamshire and in 1608 High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire. In 1589, 1593 and 1597 he was MP for Buckingham, and in 1601 MP for Buckinghamshire. |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 646} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 646 | Francis Heylighen | Biography | Francis Heylighen Biography Francis Heylighen was born on September 27, 1960 in Vilvoorde, Belgium. He received his high school education from the "Koninklijk Atheneum Pitzemburg" in Mechelen, in the section Latin-Mathematics. He received his MSc in mathematical physics in 1982 from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), where he also received his PhD Summa cum Laude in Sciences in 1987 for his thesis, published in 1990, as "Representation and Change. A Metarepresentational Framework for the Foundations of Physical and Cognitive Science."
In 1983 he started working as a researcher for the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (NFWO). In 1994 he became |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 6, "sc": 646, "ep": 6, "ec": 1276} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 6 | 646 | 6 | 1,276 | Francis Heylighen | Biography | a tenured researcher at the NFWO and in 2001 a research professor at the VUB. Since 1995 he has been affiliated with the VUB's Center Leo Apostel for interdisciplinary studies. In 2004 he created the ECCO research group which he presently directs. Thanks to a grant from a private sponsor, in 2012 he additionally founded the Global Brain Institute at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, becoming its first director.
In 1989 Valentin Turchin and Cliff Joslyn founded the Principia Cybernetica Project, and Heylighen joined a year later. In 1993 he created the project's encyclopedic site, one of the first complex websites in |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 6, "sc": 1276, "ep": 6, "ec": 1879} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 6 | 1,276 | 6 | 1,879 | Francis Heylighen | Biography | the world. In 1996, Heylighen founded the "Global Brain Group", an international discussion forum that provides a working platform for most of the scientists who have worked on the concept of emergent Internet intelligence. Heylighen was also one of the founders and former editor of the Journal of Memetics which ceased publication in 2008.
Heylighen is a Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science, and a member of the Global Agenda Council on Complex Systems of the World Economic Forum. His biography has been listed since 2002 in Marquis Who's Who in the world. In 2015, he received an |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 6, "sc": 1879, "ep": 10, "ec": 642} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 6 | 1,879 | 10 | 642 | Francis Heylighen | Biography & Work | "Outstanding Technology Contribution Award" from the Web Intelligence Consortium, for his research on the Global Brain. Work His research focuses on the emergence and evolution of complex, intelligent organization. Applications include the origin of life, the development of multicellular organisms, knowledge, culture, and societies, and the impact of information and communication technologies on present and future social evolution.
Heylighen's scientific work covers an extremely wide range of subjects, exemplifying his intellectual curiosity and fundamentally transdisciplinary way of thinking. In addition to the topics mentioned above, his publications cover topics such as the foundations of quantum mechanics, the structure of space-time, hypermedia |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 10, "sc": 642, "ep": 14, "ec": 428} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 10 | 642 | 14 | 428 | Francis Heylighen | Work & Basic ideas | interfaces, the psychology of self-actualization and happiness, the market mechanism, formality and contextuality in language, causality, the measurement of social progress, the mechanism of stigmergy and its application to the web. Basic ideas This broad variety of work is held together by two basic principles. The relational principle notes that phenomena do not exist on their own, but only in relation (connection or distinction) to other phenomena. They thus only make sense as part of an encompassing network or system. The evolutionary principle notes that variation through (re)combination of parts and natural selection of the fitter combinations results in ever |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 14, "sc": 428, "ep": 14, "ec": 1170} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 14 | 428 | 14 | 1,170 | Francis Heylighen | Basic ideas | more complex and adaptive systems. This principle is a direct application of Universal Darwinism, the idea that Darwinian mechanisms can be extended to virtually all disciplines and problem domains.
The two principles come together in Heylighen's concept of a distinction dynamics. In his analysis, classical scientific methodology is based on given, unchanging distinctions between elements or states. Therefore, it is intrinsically unable to model creative change. But the evolutionary principle makes distinctions dynamic, explaining the creation and destruction of relations, distinctions and connections, and thus helping us to understand how and why complex organization emerges.
Moreover, any system must be adapted to |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 14, "sc": 1170, "ep": 18, "ec": 135} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 14 | 1,170 | 18 | 135 | Francis Heylighen | Basic ideas & Principia Cybernetica | its environment, which implies that it is able to react adequately to changes in that environment. This is the origin of mind or intelligence, as the system should be able to select the right actions for the given conditions. These "condition-action" relations are the basis of knowledge. As systems evolve, their adaptiveness tends to increase, and therefore also their knowledge or intelligence. Thus, the general trend of evolution is self-organization, or a spontaneous increase in intelligent organization. Principia Cybernetica Together with Cliff Joslyn and the late Valentin Turchin, Heylighen is a founding editor of the Principia Cybernetica Project, which is |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 18, "sc": 135, "ep": 22, "ec": 317} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 18 | 135 | 22 | 317 | Francis Heylighen | Principia Cybernetica & The Global Brain | devoted to the collaborative development of an evolutionary-systemic philosophy. He created its website, the Principia Cybernetica Web, in 1993, as one of the first complex webs in the world. It is still viewed as one of the most important sites on cybernetics, systems theory and related approaches. The Global Brain In 1996, Heylighen founded the "Global Brain Group", an international discussion forum that groups most of the scientists who have worked on the concept of emergent Internet intelligence. Together with his PhD student Johan Bollen, Heylighen was the first to propose algorithms that could turn the world-wide web into |
{"datasets_id": 1939, "wiki_id": "Q3081489", "sp": 22, "sc": 317, "ep": 22, "ec": 922} | 1,939 | Q3081489 | 22 | 317 | 22 | 922 | Francis Heylighen | The Global Brain | a self-organizing, learning network that exhibits collective intelligence, i.e. a Global brain.
In the 2007 article "The Global Superorganism: an evolutionary-cybernetic model of the emerging network society" Heylighen gave a detailed exposition of the superorganism/global brain view of society, and an examination of the underlying evolutionary mechanisms, with applications to the ongoing and future developments in a globalizing world. Presently, he is developing a detailed mathematical and simulation model of the global brain, together with his collaborators in the Global Brain Institute. |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 475} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 475 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Early life | Francis Johnson (Brownist) Francis Johnson (1563–1618) was an English separatist, or Brownist, minister, pastor to an English exile congregation in the Netherlands. Early life Francis was the elder son of John Johnson, mayor of Richmond, North Riding of Yorkshire, born at Richmond and baptised there on 27 March 1562. George Johnson was his brother. He matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. 1581, M.A. 1585, and was elected fellow before Lady day 1584.
He was a popular preacher in the university, and a follower of the independent presbyterianism advocated by Thomas Cartwright. On 6 January 1589 he expounded this view |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 8, "sc": 475, "ep": 8, "ec": 1084} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 8 | 475 | 8 | 1,084 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Early life | in a sermon at Great St. Mary's, Cambridge, claiming that church government by elders is jure divino. With Cuthbert Bainbrigg, also a fellow of Christ's, accused of factious preaching, he on 23 January came up before Thomas Nevile, the vice-chancellor.
Refusing to answer on oath to the articles of accusation, Johnson and Bainbrigg were committed to prison. Johnson gave in written answers which set out his views, but again on 13 March and 18 April declined the oath. Bail was offered by Sir Henry Knevett and Sir William Bowes, but was rejected by the authorities. On 22 May, Johnson and Bainbrigg |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 8, "sc": 1084, "ep": 10, "ec": 6} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 8 | 1,084 | 10 | 6 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Early life & First period in the Netherlands | addressed a letter to Lord Burghley, the chancellor; but the vice-chancellor laid the case before the court of high commission, which directed the vice-chancellor and heads to proceed at discretion. A form of recantation was given to Johnson on 19 October and he was required to read it in the pulpit of Great St. Mary's. He made an unconvincing retractation and on 30 October he was expelled from the university. He claimed a right of appeal, and refusing to leave; he was in December again in custody and vainly petitioning Burghley, backed by fellows of colleges. First |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 10, "sc": 5, "ep": 14, "ec": 7} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 7 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | First period in the Netherlands & Return to London | period in the Netherlands Johnson went to Middelburg in Zealand, where he became preacher to the English Merchant Adventurers in the Gasthuis Kerk, with a stipend of £200. In 1591, Johnson discovered that the Brownist Arthur Bellot was smuggling 2,000 copies of A Plaine Refutation by Henry Barrow and John Greenwood through Flushing into England. It was an answer to George Gifford, and had been sent to Middelburg to be printed. On the advice of Lord Burghley, Johnson seized the books and burned them – but kept a copy out of curiosity, and was converted by it to Brownism. Return |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 14, "sc": 6, "ep": 16, "ec": 622} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 14 | 6 | 16 | 622 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Return to London | to London In 1592 Johnson was sacked by the Merchant Adventurers after he tried to introduce a Brownist-style covenant to their church. He came to London to confer with Barrow and Greenwood, who were then in the Fleet Prison, and joined their Brownist church. Greenwood was shortly afterwards transferred to the house of Roger Rippon. At a meeting in the house of Fox, in Nicholas Lane, Johnson was chosen pastor.
Discipline was practised, and the sacraments administered. This conventicle being discovered, Johnson was committed for a time to the Wood Street Counter. To avoid detection the place of assembly was constantly |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 16, "sc": 622, "ep": 16, "ec": 1239} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 16 | 622 | 16 | 1,239 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Return to London | changed. JOhnson was arrested in October 1592, and again on 5 December, this time with Greenwood in the house of Edward Boyes, a haberdasher on Ludgate Hill. Johnson was imprisoned and was twice examined.
After Barrow, Greenwood and John Penry were executed in 1593, under the Seditious Words and Rumours Act of 1581, much of the congregation went into exile in the Netherlands. Johnson was detained in the Clink prison, Southwark, from where he continued to pastor his exiled congregation. While in prison he married in 1594 Thomasine, widow of Boyes, who brought him £300, which led to a protracted dispute |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 16, "sc": 1239, "ep": 20, "ec": 249} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 16 | 1,239 | 20 | 249 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Return to London & First expedition to North America | with George who violently disapproved of Thomasine's way of dressing. Attempts made by puritan churchmen through Henry Jacob failed to win him back to the national church. In 1596 he wrote the foundational Brownist document A Trve Confession of the Faith ... vvhich vve hir Majesties Subjects, falsely called Brovvnists, doo hould tovvards God. First expedition to North America In 1597, Johnson persuaded the Privy Council to release him and three other Brownists to found a British colony in Newfoundland. Francis, his brother George, his elder Daniel Studley, and a fourth member of the church John Clarke, were passengers of |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 20, "sc": 249, "ep": 20, "ec": 885} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 20 | 249 | 20 | 885 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | First expedition to North America | the merchants Abraham and Stephen Van Hardwick, and Captain Charles Leigh of Addington. Johnson left Gravesend in the Hopewell on 8 April, with Studley, the other two sailing in the Chancewell. The Chancewell was wrecked off Cape Breton, and many of their possessions were lost. The colonial expedition was abandonned for reasons that are not entirely clear, but the historian of separatism Stephen Tomkins suggests 'the expedition failed because of a combination of the hostility and prior occupation of the territory, the loss of their belongings and the non-cooperation of the crew'. Leigh brought them back to England where Francis |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 20, "sc": 885, "ep": 24, "ec": 564} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 20 | 885 | 24 | 564 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | First expedition to North America & Second period in the Netherlands | rejoined Thomasine and the group made their way to Amsterdam. Second period in the Netherlands Johnson resumed his pastorate among the exiled separatists, with Henry Ainsworth as doctor (teacher). In 1598 he was concerned in a Latin version (for transmission to continental and Scottish universities) of the Trve Confession. Dissensions arose in the community, George resuming his attacks on Thomasine's taste in dress. Ainsworth tried to prevent a breach, and the Johnson's father John came from London to reconcile his sons, but in the winter of 1598–9, Francis excommunicated both his brother and father.
Another scandal hit the church when Studley |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 24, "sc": 564, "ep": 24, "ec": 1256} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 24 | 564 | 24 | 1,256 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Second period in the Netherlands | was accused of having sex with his stepdaughter. Johnson supported his elder, and considered the allegation unproved.
On the accession of James I, Johnson and Ainsworth visited London to deliver a petition for toleration, which was unsuccessful but which they published as An Apologie or Defence of svch trve Christians as are commonly (vnjustly) called Brovvnists.
Between 1604 and 1606 John Smyth, who had been a member of the London separatist church, came to Amsterdam, bringing a contingent from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. Smyth soon developed individual views both of church government and public worship, and after 1607 seceded with his adherents. Johnson's Amsterdam |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 24, "sc": 1256, "ep": 24, "ec": 1919} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 24 | 1,256 | 24 | 1,919 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Second period in the Netherlands | church at this point had its own meeting-house and three hundred communicants.
More serious differences arose in 1609 out of the differing views of Johnson and Ainsworth as to the function of the eldership. Johnson made the eldership the seat of authority; Ainsworth vested all authority in the congregation itself, of which the elders were an executive. After much discussion Johnson proposed that the 'congregationalists' should move to Leyden, joining the exile church there (a group that included at some points Robert Parker, Henry Jacob, William Ames and John Robinson). But the compromise fell through, and Ainsworth with his congregation obtained |
{"datasets_id": 1940, "wiki_id": "Q5481516", "sp": 24, "sc": 1919, "ep": 24, "ec": 2395} | 1,940 | Q5481516 | 24 | 1,919 | 24 | 2,395 | Francis Johnson (Brownist) | Second period in the Netherlands | a place for worship two doors away from the meeting-house, and moved there in December 1610. The 'Ainsworthian Brownists' as they were popularly termed, were excommunicated by the 'Franciscan Brownists.' Ainsworth began a lawsuit for the recovery of the meeting-house.
Johnson and his presbyterians moved on to Emden in East Friesland, at some stage; how long the Emden settlement lasted is unknown. Johnson died at Amsterdam, and was buried there on 10 January 1618. |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 352} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 352 | Francis P. Robinson | Background | Francis P. Robinson Francis "Frank" Pleasant Robinson (December 21, 1906 – August 6, 1983) was a prominent educational psychologist. As an educational psychologist, he spent his years teaching both college students and military personnel how to learn from textbooks. Background Robinson was born in Danville, Indiana, on December 21, 1906, to Pleasant S. Robinson and Grace Z. Huron. He graduated from the University of Oregon in 1929. After graduating from college, he enrolled at State University of Iowa where he obtained his Master's of Art in 1930 and his Ph.D. in 1932. Robinson completed his Ph.D dissertation under Carl E. |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 8, "sc": 352, "ep": 8, "ec": 980} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 8 | 352 | 8 | 980 | Francis P. Robinson | Background | Seashore. His dissertation was titled: "The role of eye movement in reading with an evaluation of techniques for their impairment". During his years in graduate school, he served as a research assistant from 1929 to 1932. He was in charge of individual counseling for how-to-study problems. He then taught education at the Stout Institute from 1933 to 1937 and served briefly as department chair. In 1937, Robinson went to Ohio State University as an assistant professor in the education psychology area to take responsibility for the How-to-Study program. Robinson remained at the Ohio State University as a professor until he |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 8, "sc": 980, "ep": 12, "ec": 300} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 8 | 980 | 12 | 300 | Francis P. Robinson | Background & Career | retired in 1977. During his time at OSU, Robinson taught a summer semester at the University of British Columbia (1947), spring and summer semester at the American Council on Education and the Japanese Ministry in Education (1955), and a fall semester at the United Kingdom Educational Commission (1967). Career Robinson's PhD was in experimental psychology. He went to OSU to take responsibility for the How-to-Study program. Robinson was aware of the benefits of small classes however such services were expensive. As a result, he created a dual program at OSU in which a few selected seniors in the College of |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 12, "sc": 300, "ep": 12, "ec": 981} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 12 | 300 | 12 | 981 | Francis P. Robinson | Career | education provided remedial counseling assistance for freshman in the course. This dual program of counseling training and student remedial help was the basis of his paper titles, "Two Quarries with a single stone."
The How-to-study program at OSU was an outcome of a program developed by the army during WWII. Men selected for the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) were provided how-to-study training and data was collected on their actual study skills and habits. Robinson and colleagues used this data to create several higher-levels skills and strategies in reading, studying, and memory improvement. Robinson's SQ3R (survey, question, read, recite, and review) |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 12, "sc": 981, "ep": 12, "ec": 1648} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 12 | 981 | 12 | 1,648 | Francis P. Robinson | Career | was created as part of the ASTP to help military personnel become better readers. Robinson's text, Effective Study (1946) outlined the SQ3R and emphasized higher level study skills. Additionally, the How-to-study program, provided assistance in "attacking the other problem areas which may be distracting a student in his university work; namely, vocational planning, social or personal problems, health problems, or lack of interest in school work" (p. 202). In the early 1940s, Robinson extended his efforts in training to graduate students and became limited to graduate students which resulted in a formal practicum course to be established at OSU. Thus creating |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 12, "sc": 1648, "ep": 14, "ec": 9} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 12 | 1,648 | 14 | 9 | Francis P. Robinson | Career & Personal life | an organized program for supervising counseling –in-training students. The development of graduate counselor training, recording supervision sessions, and other developments led Robinson to establish a new graduate program in the psychology department called Personnel Work which was later renamed Counseling Psychology program.
In 1946, Francis Robinson and Frank Fletcher were two of the founding members of the Division of Counseling and Guidance Psychologist (17) and also help establish the American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA). In 1954, the Journal of Counseling Psychology was established with the help of Robinson and Fletcher. From 1954-1955, Robinson served as president of Divisions 17. Personal |
{"datasets_id": 1941, "wiki_id": "Q17183634", "sp": 14, "sc": 8, "ep": 16, "ec": 179} | 1,941 | Q17183634 | 14 | 8 | 16 | 179 | Francis P. Robinson | Personal life | life Robinson married Carolyn Gertrude Bostwick August 1931 and had two children. Carolyn died in 1975. He married Bonnie Lou in 1976. Frank Robinson died in Leesburg, Florida in 1983. |
{"datasets_id": 1942, "wiki_id": "Q5481036", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 543} | 1,942 | Q5481036 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 543 | Francis Slay | Education and early career | Francis Slay Education and early career Slay graduated from St. Mary's High School in 1973. He received a degree in political science from Quincy University and a law degree from Saint Louis University School of Law. After graduating from law school, Slay served as a law clerk for Judge Paul J. Simon of the Missouri Court of Appeals for the Eastern District. In 1981, he joined the law firm of Guilfoil, Petzall, and Shoemake where he specialized in business law and commercial litigation. Slay was elected to the St. Louis Board of Aldermen in 1985, representing the 23rd ward. In |
{"datasets_id": 1942, "wiki_id": "Q5481036", "sp": 6, "sc": 543, "ep": 10, "ec": 546} | 1,942 | Q5481036 | 6 | 543 | 10 | 546 | Francis Slay | Education and early career & Term as Mayor | 1995, he was elected President of the Board of Aldermen, and in 1999 was re-elected without opposition. Term as Mayor Slay defeated incumbent mayor Clarence Harmon and former mayor Freeman Bosley Jr. in the Democratic Primary in 2001. During his first term, he oversaw significant residential redevelopment within the city, including the redevelopment of the Washington Avenue Loft District. Slay then negotiated the construction of Busch Stadium, the new St. Louis Cardinals baseball stadium in downtown St. Louis, and the re-districting of aldermanic wards required after the 2000 census. The Slay administration and its public and private partners have received |
{"datasets_id": 1942, "wiki_id": "Q5481036", "sp": 10, "sc": 546, "ep": 14, "ec": 117} | 1,942 | Q5481036 | 10 | 546 | 14 | 117 | Francis Slay | Term as Mayor & Post-Mayor | national and international recognition for St. Louis's renaissance. In May 2007, Downtown St. Louis's revitalization was the subject of a Preserve America Presidential Award, the nation's highest award for historic preservation. In 2011, Citygarden won the Urban Land Institute's prestigious Amanda Burden Urban Open Space award.
He announced on April 8, 2016, that he would not seek another term as mayor though he remains the longest-serving mayor of the City of St. Louis up to this point. Post-Mayor Slay accepted a job as an attorney with the Spencer Fane law firm, at their office in downtown St. Louis prior to his |
{"datasets_id": 1942, "wiki_id": "Q5481036", "sp": 14, "sc": 117, "ep": 18, "ec": 545} | 1,942 | Q5481036 | 14 | 117 | 18 | 545 | Francis Slay | Post-Mayor & Family | term ending on April 18, 2017 Family Slay is the second of eleven children. His father, Francis R. Slay, was affiliated with St. Raymond's Maronite Catholic Cathedral in St. Louis, and was the long-time Democratic Committeeman in the 23rd Ward, and who once served as Recorder of Deeds. Francis R. Slay died on March 16, 2011, aged 83.
Slay and his wife Kim have two children and three rescued dogs. Slay is a Maronite Catholic and also an avid supporter of the Archdiocese of St. Louis and of Roman Catholic organizations in the city. He is of Lebanese and Polish ancestry. |
{"datasets_id": 1943, "wiki_id": "Q17112607", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 489} | 1,943 | Q17112607 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 489 | Francis Tong Hui | Francis Tong Hui Francis Tong Hui (15 August 1933 – 27 October 2016) was a Chinese clandestine Roman Catholic bishop.
Tong Hui was born in Lintong District in 1933 and was clandestinely ordained to the priesthood in 23 December 1956.
Tong was sentenced to 15 years of hard labour on March 1965 and freed on January 1980. He was coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yan’an from 1992 and was consecrated in 1994. He served as a diocesan bishop the same Diocese from 1999 to 2011. |
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{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 444} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 444 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | French Revolutionary Wars & Napoleonic Wars | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) French Revolutionary Wars On 20 January 1797 Captain Thomas Todd received a letter of marque for Francis and Eliza. Napoleonic Wars On 1 January 1804 Francis and Eliza was one of a convoy of leaving Portsmouth for the West Indies. On 1 February 43 vessels, including Francis and Eliza returned to Plymouth, together with their escort, Courageux.
In 1805–1806, Francis and Eliza was one of the transport vessels that were part of the expedition under General Sir David Baird and Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham that would in 1806 capture the Dutch Cape Colony.
|
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 10, "sc": 444, "ep": 14, "ec": 221} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 10 | 444 | 14 | 221 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Napoleonic Wars & Convict transport |
Francis and Eliza sailed in March 1806 as one of seven cartel ships repatriating to Holland the Dutch troops captured at the Cape, and their dependents.
In November 1813, under Captain William Harrison and as part of a fleet escorted by HMS Jalouse, Francis and Eliza transported injured troops and some French prisoners from St. Andero back to England. Convict transport Francis & Eliza and Canada were the next convict ships to depart Ireland bound for New South Wales after the departure of Archduke Charles in May 1812. They departed Cork, Ireland, in convoy on 5 December 1814. Francis & |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 14, "sc": 221, "ep": 14, "ec": 814} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 14 | 221 | 14 | 814 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Convict transport | Eliza was under the command of William Harrison and carried 54 male and 69 female convicts.
On 4 January 1815, off Madeira, Francis and Eliza having parted from the convoy in a storm, had the misfortune to encounter the American 21-gun privateer Warrior, under the command of Guy Champlin. After the Americans had stripped Francis and Eliza of her guns and ammunition they allowed her to sail on. A few of her crew joined the Americans. However, Warrior had also captured Hope, Pringle, master, which had been sailing from Glasgow to the river Plate. Apparently he put his prisoners |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 14, "sc": 814, "ep": 14, "ec": 1451} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 14 | 814 | 14 | 1,451 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Convict transport | from Hope on Francis and Eliza. American and British reports disagree on whether the Americans created disorder on board Francis and Eliza by stripping her of everything they could plunder and freeing the prisoners, or whether they found disorder and helped her crew reestablish order.
Francis and Eliza arrived in Teneriffe on 10 January. HMS Harrier was there and helped reestablish order. Later Commander Sir Charles Thomas Jones claimed salvage on her on behalf of his officers and crew, arguing that they had had to restore order; the suit failed.
From Tenerife Francis and Eliza in company with Canada, which too |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 14, "sc": 1451, "ep": 14, "ec": 2032} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 14 | 1,451 | 14 | 2,032 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Convict transport | was carrying convicts, sailed to Sierra Leone, under escort of HMS Ulysses. Sierra Leone was in the throes of an epidemic. Still, Francis and Eliza took on board a detachment from the 1st Regiment of the Royal African Corps to serve as guards. Canada and Eliza and Francis sailed to Cape Town, arriving on 2 May. There they spent some three weeks. They sailed together, but then parted.
Canada and Francis and Eliza arrived at Port Jackson on 5 and 8 August. On Francis and Eliza, two male and four female convicts had died on the voyage.
She left Port Jackson on |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 14, "sc": 2032, "ep": 18, "ec": 216} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 14 | 2,032 | 18 | 216 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Convict transport & Seizure | 26 October bound for Batavia. On 3 January 1816 she was in the Straits of Sunda on her way to Batavia.
Francis and Eliza was at the Cape in late July, and on 31 August was at St Helena. She arrived at Mounts Bay, Ireland, on 8 October, under the command of Captain Kennedy. William Harrison had died on the voyage. Seizure Lloyd's List reported that Francis and Eliza had been seized at New Orleans for breach of the Navigation Laws and was to be sold on 25 February 1820.
On 28 February 1819 Francis and Eliza had left London for |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 18, "sc": 216, "ep": 18, "ec": 795} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 18 | 216 | 18 | 795 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Seizure | Margarita Island. She was carrying 170-180 men and arms for Simon Bolivar's army there. She stopped at Trinidad and sailed on, arriving in early April. She delivered her passengers and cargo and then remained in the area until 8 November, looking for other employment. She then sailed for New Orleans with William Coates as her captain. He was the fourth master since she left England on this voyage. On her way she stopped outside Falmouth, Jamaica, to replenish her provisions as her crew had been on short rations for some time. Coates went into Falmouth on a boat to procure |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 18, "sc": 795, "ep": 18, "ec": 1394} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 18 | 795 | 18 | 1,394 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Seizure | provisions, and to register with the authorities there as Francis and Eliza's new master. They would not register him as master, however, unless he brought her into port. Coates refused and after securing some supplies that were brought out to her, sailed to New Orleans. As she arrived, the U.S. coastguard hailed her and asked where she was from. Coates replied, "Jamaica". At that point the Americans arrested Francis and Eliza. The issue was that as Britain had closed certain ports to American ships, the United States passed a Navigation Act that specified that a British ship that stopped at |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 18, "sc": 1394, "ep": 18, "ec": 1977} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 18 | 1,394 | 18 | 1,977 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Seizure | one of these ports, such as for example Falmouth, was subject to seizure.
Francis and Eliza was libeled on 11 December 1819 and condemned on 31 December. The court ruled that Francis and Eliza had stopped at Falmouth seeking a cargo, and so was in violation of the American law.
The court sold her on 25 February 1820 to Duman de la Croix for US$6,435 inclusive of 20 guns and some water casks. The owners, Charles Herring and Christopher Richardson, of London, protested the seizure and sale, and in 1823 the Supreme Court of the United States held for the owners. |
{"datasets_id": 1944, "wiki_id": "Q5482908", "sp": 18, "sc": 1977, "ep": 22, "ec": 89} | 1,944 | Q5482908 | 18 | 1,977 | 22 | 89 | Francis and Eliza (1782 ship) | Seizure & Fate | Because she had been sold and so could not be restored to her owners, the United States Government returned her purchase price to them less certain costs. Fate Currently it is unclear what happened to Francis and Eliza after her sale to de la Croix. |
{"datasets_id": 1945, "wiki_id": "Q64743456", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 134} | 1,945 | Q64743456 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 134 | Francisc Cristea | Club career | Francisc Cristea Club career In 2019, Cristea moved to Liga I club Politehnica Iași. On 22 April, he made his league debut in a 1–1 draw against Concordia Chiajna. |
{"datasets_id": 1946, "wiki_id": "Q5483090", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 70} | 1,946 | Q5483090 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 70 | Francisco Aldo Barreto Miranda | Career & Persikabo Bogor | Francisco Aldo Barreto Miranda Career Barreto begins in Cerro Porteño PF before transferring to Club Guaraní of Asunción. Persikabo Bogor He joined Persikabo in the Indonesia Second Division on 14 March 2014. |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 22} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 22 | Franco Frattini | Studies and early career & Junior minister in the Berlusconi I and Dini cabinets (1994–96) | Franco Frattini Studies and early career Frattini attended the "Giulio Cesare" Classical High School in Rome and graduated in law in 1979.
From 1984 he was State Attorney and magistrate of the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) in Piedmont. In 1986 Frattini was named member of the Italian Council of State and legal adviser of the Treasury Ministry.
He was secretary of the Federation of Young Italian Socialists (FGSI) and member of the Italian Socialist Party.
In 1990 and 1991 he worked as a legal adviser to the deputy chairman of the PSI, Claudio Martelli, in the Andreotti VI Cabinet. Junior minister in the |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 8, "sc": 22, "ep": 14, "ec": 247} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 8 | 22 | 14 | 247 | Franco Frattini | Junior minister in the Berlusconi I and Dini cabinets (1994–96) & MP for Forza Italia (1996–2001) | Berlusconi I and Dini cabinets (1994–96) In 1994 he becomes member of Silvio Berlusconi's newly-founded Forza Italia party and is named Secretary-General of Presidency of the Council of Ministers during the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994–1995. He was Minister for Public Administration and later Minister for Regional Affairs in the following technocratic Dini Cabinet (1995–1996). MP for Forza Italia (1996–2001) In 1996 Frattini is a candidate to the elections within the Pole for Freedoms, the electoral coalition of Forza Italia. He was elected in the northern constituency of Bolzano – Laives.
From 1996 to 2001 he was chairman of the parliamentary |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 14, "sc": 247, "ep": 18, "ec": 388} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 14 | 247 | 18 | 388 | Franco Frattini | MP for Forza Italia (1996–2001) & MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) | committee for the supervision of intelligence (COPACO), elected by unanimous vote of the majority and the opposition.
From November 1997 to August 2000 he was also City Councillor in Rome. MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) In 2001 Frattini was a candidate for the Chamber of Deputies in the constituency of Bolzano, supported by House of Freedom.
From 2001 he took part in the Berlusconi II Cabinet as Minister for Public Administration. The so-called Frattini Act, namely Law no. 215/2004, on "Rules on conflicts of interest", approved by Parliament on 13 July 2004, received criticism from the Council |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 18, "sc": 388, "ep": 18, "ec": 1053} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 18 | 388 | 18 | 1,053 | Franco Frattini | MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) | of Europe's Venice Commission on its compatibility with international standards on freedom of expression and pluralism of the media.
From 14 November 2002 to 18 November 2004 Frattini served as Foreign Minister: the appointment of Frattini followed ten months of interim by Berlusconi himself, after the resignation of the forme FM Renato Ruggiero due to his contrasts with the foreign policies of the government.
During its ministerial tenure, Italy supported the invasion of Iraq by the United States led by George W. Bush; Frattini called it a "legitimate intervention" even in the absence of a UN mandate. Frattini authorized the overflight and |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 18, "sc": 1053, "ep": 18, "ec": 1668} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 18 | 1,053 | 18 | 1,668 | Franco Frattini | MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) | the use of Italian military bases by the Anglo-American coalition. Italy did not take part militarily in the invasion of Iraq but provided political and logistical support to the operation, so much so that it was included by the White House in the list of members of the "Coalition of the willing".
Frattini later sent an Italian military and police contingent to Iraq, in what he called a "humanitarian emergency intervention". An Italian contingent of about 3,200 men was sent to Iraq shortly after the official end of large-scale military operations (Bush's announcement of 1 May 2003). On 15 July 2003, |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 18, "sc": 1668, "ep": 18, "ec": 2349} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 18 | 1,668 | 18 | 2,349 | Franco Frattini | MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) | the "Operation Ancient Babylon" began at the dependency of the British forces in the southern Dhi Qar province, centered in the town of Nassiriya where the Italian Barbara Contini was charged with civilian administration by the Coalition Provisional Administration. A suicide attack there killed 19 Italians, among military and civilians. Other clashes in the Italian sector occurred during the fights between the Shiite militiamen of the Mahdi Army and the coalition troops (spring-summer 2004), including the "battle of the bridges" of 6 April 2004 in Nassiriya, in which the Italian Bersaglieri made about fifteen casualties among Iraqi insurgents and civilians.
During |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 18, "sc": 2349, "ep": 18, "ec": 2962} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 18 | 2,349 | 18 | 2,962 | Franco Frattini | MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) | the Italian military presence in the south of Iraq, eight Italians were kidnapped, of whom two were later murdered: the mercenary Fabrizio Quattrocchi and the journalist Enzo Baldoni, in addition to the SISMI agent Nicola Calipari, killed by U.S. soldiers during the liberation of kidnapped journalist Giuliana Sgrena. It remains unclear whether Italy offered a ransom for the release of the other six hostages. The killing of Quattrocchi was reported live on TV Porta a Porta, where Frattini was a guest in the studio, which raised criticism of Frattini for the lack of tact in not informing the victim's family |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 18, "sc": 2962, "ep": 22, "ec": 4} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 18 | 2,962 | 22 | 4 | Franco Frattini | MP, Junior and Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi cabinets (2001–2004) & European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | in advance. Frattini was later also criticized for saying Quattrocchi "died bravely, I would say as a hero"
In 2004, Frattini had to leave office at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which passed to Gianfranco Fini following a government reshuffle. Italy's participation to the post-war occupation of Iraq remained unpopular with Italian public opinion. At the beginning of 2006 the Berlusconi III government announced its intention to withdraw the Italian contingent from Iraq by the month of November, a calendar later respected by the Prodi II government that succeeded to it. European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) On 4 |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 4, "ep": 22, "ec": 673} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 4 | 22 | 673 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | November 2004, Frattini he was named by Silvio Berlusconi to take up the Justice and security portfolio in the European Commission, in place of the controversial Rocco Buttiglione, whose appointment had been rejected by the European Parliament. The appointment of Frattini to the European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security raised concerns from the British Liberal Democrat MEP Sarah Ludford, due to accusations of belonging to Freemasonry, raised by Buttiglione himself towards Frattini and denied by the latter. Frattini was also afforded one of the five seats as vice-president of the European Commission.
In the 2007 tax return, his Italian tax |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 673, "ep": 22, "ec": 1330} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 673 | 22 | 1,330 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | base was zero because his income as a European Commissioner was taxed in Brussels.
In February 2006 during the Danish cartoons row Frattini defended the media's freedom of speech, though did express disagreement with subject of the cartoons.
November saw the commissioner's concern for child welfare extended to video games, calling for tougher controls; anything relating to stricter self-regulation to an outright ban In 2007 he called for a ban on the horror title Rule of Rose, and criticised the EU-endorsed PEGI system for granting the game a 16-years-or-over age rating. Reports on GameSpot showed he was seeking a Europe-wide ban on |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 1330, "ep": 22, "ec": 1974} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 1,330 | 22 | 1,974 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | violent videogames. On 6 February 2007 – Safer Internet Day 2007 – Frattini recalled the need to protect children's rights, saying: "I am deeply concerned at this potential harm by the internet to children. This could involve people preying on them or children accessing racist, cruel or violent material."
At the start of 2007, Frattini backed an Italian push for EU support of a worldwide ban on the death penalty.
In April 2007 he has called for more powers to be given to Eurojust, with the power to initiate prosecutions with a European Public Prosecutor.
Following the 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack he |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 1974, "ep": 22, "ec": 2653} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 1,974 | 22 | 2,653 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | criticised the handling of Islam by member-states and called for a "European Islam".
Interviewed by Reuters he declared his intention to promote online communications monitoring and censorship of "dangerous words" like "bomb, kill, genocide or terrorism".
As European Commissioner he promoted a "visa facilitation agreement between the European Community and the Russian Federation" (2007/340/EC: Council Decision of 19 April 2007), which however led to the expulsion of countless citizens Europeans domiciled for a long time in Russia on the basis of annual visas, which due to the introduction by the agreement of a limit of stay in the territory of maximum 90 |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 2653, "ep": 22, "ec": 3188} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 2,653 | 22 | 3,188 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | days out of 180 were forced to leave the country, not being able to reside on the spot on the basis of unlimited annual visas as happened in the past. Article 5 of the law of the Russian Federation 25/7/2002 n.115, provides in fact the limit of 90 days of stay only to those who are not subject to the visa regime, but the agreement drawn up by Frattini extends this limit to all the citizens of the Union.
In 2008 Frattini left in unpaid leave as Commissioner to run for election in Italy. He did not directly resign from his |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 3188, "ep": 22, "ec": 3886} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 3,188 | 22 | 3,886 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) | Commissioner post, to avoid that his successor be appointed by the out-going Prodi II Cabinet. He only resigned as Commissioner after taking up the position of Foreign Minister in the Berlusconi IV.
The role of European Commissioner from Italy was then assigned to Antonio Tajani, with responsibility for transports rather than for justice.
Frattini was the second ever European Commissioner from Italy to choose Italian over European politics, after the resignation of Franco Maria Malfatti in 1972.
During his term as European Commissioner, Frattini was also appointed by the Prime Minister Berlusconi to the coordination of assistance from the government for the conduct |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 22, "sc": 3886, "ep": 26, "ec": 611} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 22 | 3,886 | 26 | 611 | Franco Frattini | European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security (2004–2008) & MP and Foreign Minister (2008–2011) | of the Winter Olympics in Turin 2006 MP and Foreign Minister (2008–2011) At the 2008 snap election Frattini was nominated for the People of Freedom party in the north-eastern constituency of Friuli-Venezia Giulia and elected to the Chamber of Deputies.
From 2008 to 2011, during the Berlusconi IV Cabinet, Frattini was back as Foreign Minister of Berlusconi, as between 2002 and 2004.
In October 2009 he was awarded the Premio America of the Italy–USA Foundation.
In November 2010, Frattini dubbed the WikiLeaks revelations as the "September 11 of Diplomacy" and stated that Julian Assange "wants to destroy the world".
Since September 2009 Frattini is |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 26, "sc": 611, "ep": 30, "ec": 513} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 26 | 611 | 30 | 513 | Franco Frattini | MP and Foreign Minister (2008–2011) & Role during international crises | president of section at the Council of State section, and in 2012 he is assigned as president to the Advisory Section for Regulatory Acts. Role during international crises During the Russian invasion of Georgia in the summer of 2008, Frattini was on vacation in the Maldives. The representation of Italy during the urgent meetings of EU foreign ministers was ensured by the undersecretary Vincenzo Scotti.
The US ambassador in Italy, Ronald Spogli, informed Washington, in a confidential cable distributed by WikiLeaks, of how Berlusconi "constantly refuses the strategic advice of his Foreign Ministry, demoralized, devoid of resources and increasingly irrelevant". Frattini's |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 30, "sc": 513, "ep": 34, "ec": 238} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 30 | 513 | 34 | 238 | Franco Frattini | Role during international crises & The treaty of Benghazi and the condemnation of Italy for rejections at sea | weakness was detected by the United States particularly with regard to Italian-Russian relations.
At the end of December 2008, during Israel's war on Gaza (Operation Cast Lead), Frattini is on holiday again. Frattini's live interview with TG1 in a skiing suit raises controversy over inappropriate and disrespectful clothing. Frattini answers via Facebook. The treaty of Benghazi and the condemnation of Italy for rejections at sea During the first summer of his ministry the "Treaty of friendship between Italy and Libya" was signed (so-called Benghazi agreement); with this treaty, Qaddafi's Libya agreed to repatriate the boats of sub-Saharan migrants from the Libyan |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 34, "sc": 238, "ep": 34, "ec": 915} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 34 | 238 | 34 | 915 | Franco Frattini | The treaty of Benghazi and the condemnation of Italy for rejections at sea | coast to Italy. Cooperation between the two coast guards started in May 2009, with protests from international groups for the protection of human rights, which criticized the return of migrants – including eligible asylum seekers – to Libya, which had not ratified the UN convention on refugees; the policy was subsequently suspended but not officially repudiated. Frattini had openly supported the policy of "respingimenti", contrary to the international humanitarian law principle of non-refoulement, describing such policy as a "due application of European rules", and stamping as "unworthy" the 2010 report by Amnesty International that highlighted the critical nature of |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 34, "sc": 915, "ep": 34, "ec": 1595} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 34 | 915 | 34 | 1,595 | Franco Frattini | The treaty of Benghazi and the condemnation of Italy for rejections at sea | this policy in light of international and European law.
In September 2010, on the occasion of the second visit of Qaddafi to Rome, Frattini declared "We have blocked the trafficking of illegal immigrants", despite the figures showing the continuation of migratory flows, and despite being mainly people entitled to forms of international protection.
In February 2011, in a set-up changed by the Arab spring uprisings, Frattini claimed to want to "mobilize the Mediterranean countries" and the EU, through the Frontex agency, for patrols and refoulements.
Yet again in August 2011, a boat with more than 100 migrants, intercepted at sea, was transferred to |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 34, "sc": 1595, "ep": 38, "ec": 51} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 34 | 1,595 | 38 | 51 | Franco Frattini | The treaty of Benghazi and the condemnation of Italy for rejections at sea & Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini | the Tunisian authorities, among the criticisms of NGOs and UNHCR.
The European Court of Human Rights, in the Hirsi v. Italy ruling of 23 February 2012, condemned Italy for breach of the Convention, in particular with regard to Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment) and Article 4 of Protocol IV (prohibition of collective expulsions ); in this case, 200 Somali and Eritrean migrants had been rejected in Libya under the Benghazi agreement, without having the possibility of applying for asylum in Europe. Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini The reaction of Italian diplomacy, led by Frattini, |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 38, "sc": 51, "ep": 38, "ec": 682} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 38 | 51 | 38 | 682 | Franco Frattini | Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini | to the revolts of the Arab spring and the Libyan civil war has been defined as "reactive" and "unrealistic" by the ISPI-IAI 2012 report edited by Alessandro Colombo and Ettore Greco.
Like other Western countries, Italy has been completely taken aback by the Arab uprisings, and after a first moment at loss it has tried to frame the phenomenon in the reassuring discourse of democratization, reassured by the absence of Islamist symbols or anti-Western slogans. If the initial hesitations and the abrupt U-turn on the Qaddafi regime can constitute an element in common with other countries, Italy is the only international |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 38, "sc": 682, "ep": 38, "ec": 1337} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 38 | 682 | 38 | 1,337 | Franco Frattini | Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini | actor who long sought to "cling to its own imaginary role of mediator ", for which however lacked both power and necessary authority. With the evolution of the conflict, Frattini and Italian diplomacy have resorted to the "usual option to follow the stronger allies", facilitated in this by the "dilution of Franco-British unilateralism in the multilateral framework of NATO" and by the guarantee of participation American.
As far as European politics is concerned, according to Colombo and Greco, the reaction capacity of the Berlusconi IV government has proved to be "totally insufficient", in the absence of a coherent long-term and vulnerable |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 38, "sc": 1337, "ep": 38, "ec": 1967} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 38 | 1,337 | 38 | 1,967 | Franco Frattini | Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini | strategy to the internal divisions of the majority and to a "persistent underestimation of risks ". According to Colombo and Greco, the attitude of the Berlusconi IV government over the EU has been "particularly erratic", pointing to the Union from time to time as a mandatory external constraint, the cause of national evils, or the only source of salvation. This volatility led to the projection of an image of an unreliable Italy in Europe.
Frattini and Italian diplomacy have also lost the initiative in proposing themselves in Europe as an engine or co-star of pro-integration coalitions, dealing with Europe only in |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 38, "sc": 1967, "ep": 38, "ec": 2642} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 38 | 1,967 | 38 | 2,642 | Franco Frattini | Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini | an "occasional and distracted" manner, and rather caring for important bilateral relations (with Russia and Turkey, for example), regardless of the international and European context, according to a "small cabotage" policy. All of this, coupled with the Merkel-Sarkozy duo's inclination to leave other actors out, led to Italy's exclusion from the main European policy initiatives.
This deficit of attention to the European Union, resulting in a growing isolation, has also had implications in other areas of foreign policy: the difficulties in relations with the United States, for example, are traced by Colombo and Greco to the widespread overseas perception of a |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 38, "sc": 2642, "ep": 42, "ec": 618} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 38 | 2,642 | 42 | 618 | Franco Frattini | Evaluations of Italian foreign policy under Frattini & Later activities | growing marginalization of Italy in the European context. Later activities In 2011 Frattini was briefly president of the Alcide De Gasperi Foundation and from 2011 he was president of the Italian Society for International Organization (SIOI), an emanation of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Frattini was the first politician to hold SIOI chairmanship, until then reserved for diplomats and academics of the highest level.
In 2014 he was appointed president of the "Institute of Eurasian Studies". [Citation needed]
In December 2012, Frattini left Il Popolo della Libertà, later defining the leadership of the new Forza Italia as "extremists".
In 2012 Frattini |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 42, "sc": 618, "ep": 42, "ec": 1306} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 42 | 618 | 42 | 1,306 | Franco Frattini | Later activities | received the honorary citizenship of the city of Tirana.
Frattini did not run for the 2013 Italian general election,
while supporting the "Agenda Monti" and Scelta Civica.
Frattini has since recovered his position as member of the judiciary and Chamber President of the Italian Council of State.
Since 2013 Frattini is a consultant to the Serbian government of Aleksandar Vucic for the European integration of Serbia, succeeding to Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Alfred Gusenbauer.
Since 2014, Frattini is a member of the high court of sports justice of CONI, a court of last resort of the Italian sports system. He exercised his function as judge for |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 42, "sc": 1306, "ep": 42, "ec": 1951} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 42 | 1,306 | 42 | 1,951 | Franco Frattini | Later activities | the Parma case, decreeing in May 2014 that the Emilian soccer team could not play in the Europa League.
Frattini was a candidate to succeed to Anders Fogh Rasmussen for the post of NATO's secretary general in October 2014, but the post has been given at the beginning of the year to Jens Stoltenberg.
In 2018, on the occasion of the Italian presidency of the OSCE, Foreign Minister Angelino Alfano appointed Frattini as "Special representative of the OSCE presidency for the process of resolving the conflict in Transnistria". Among his credentials, Frattini said: "I have excellent relations with the Russian authorities, which |
{"datasets_id": 1947, "wiki_id": "Q333833", "sp": 42, "sc": 1951, "ep": 46, "ec": 375} | 1,947 | Q333833 | 42 | 1,951 | 46 | 375 | Franco Frattini | Later activities & Positions | undoubtedly played a fundamental role in the resolution [of the conflict] in Transnistria", in addition to reminding his own role in starting the process of liberalization of Schengen visas for Moldova.
Franco Frattini is an honorary professor at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Positions Interviewed by Reuters in 2007, he said his intention to investigate technical possibilities for implementing internet monitoring of "dangerous words" such as "bombs", "killing", "genocide" and "terrorism". The project did not see the light.
In 2007, Frattini was censured by the European Parliament for its statements against the freedom of movement of people in the |
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