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{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 1078, "ep": 26, "ec": 1725} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 1,078 | 26 | 1,725 | Gore Vidal | Politics | election for the U.S. Senate; Vidal forecast accurately that the opposing Republican candidate would win the election. That foray into senatorial politics is the subject of the documentary film Gore Vidal: The Man Who Said No (1983), directed by Gary Conklin.
In a 2001 article, "The Meaning of Timothy McVeigh", Gore undertook to discover why domestic terrorist Timothy McVeigh perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995. He concluded that McVeigh (a politically disillusioned U.S. Army veteran of the First Iraq War, 1990–91) had destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building as an act of revenge for the FBI's Waco massacre (1993) |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 1725, "ep": 26, "ec": 2370} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 1,725 | 26 | 2,370 | Gore Vidal | Politics | at the Branch Davidian Compound in Texas, believing that the U.S. government had mistreated Americans in the same manner that he believed that the U.S. Army had mistreated the Iraqis. In concluding the Vanity Fair article, Vidal refers to McVeigh as an "unlikely sole mover," and theorizes that foreign/domestic conspiracies could have been involved.
Vidal was very much against any kind of military intervention in the world. In Dreaming War: Blood for Oil and the Cheney-Bush Junta (2002), Vidal drew parallels about how the United States enters wars and said that President Franklin D. Roosevelt provoked Imperial Japan to attack the |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 2370, "ep": 26, "ec": 2955} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 2,370 | 26 | 2,955 | Gore Vidal | Politics | U.S. in order to justify the American entry to the Second World War (1939–45). He contended that Roosevelt had advance knowledge of the dawn-raid attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941). In the documentary Why We Fight (2005), Vidal said that, during the final months of the war, the Japanese had tried to surrender: "They were trying to surrender all that summer, but Truman wouldn't listen, because Truman wanted to drop the bombs ... To show off. To frighten Stalin. To change the balance of power in the world. To declare war on communism. Perhaps we were starting a pre-emptive |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 2955, "ep": 26, "ec": 3598} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 2,955 | 26 | 3,598 | Gore Vidal | Politics | world war".
As a public intellectual, Vidal criticized what he viewed as political harm to the nation and the voiding of the citizen's rights through the passage of the USA Patriot Act (2001) during the George W. Bush administration (2001–2009). He described Bush as "the stupidest man in the United States" and said that Bush's foreign policy was explicitly expansionist. He contended that the Bush Administration and their oil-business sponsors, aimed to control the petroleum of Central Asia, after having gained hegemony over the petroleum of the Persian Gulf in 1991.
Vidal became a member of the board of advisors of The |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 3598, "ep": 26, "ec": 4279} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 3,598 | 26 | 4,279 | Gore Vidal | Politics | World Can't Wait, a political organization who sought to publicly repudiate the foreign-policy program of the Bush Administration (2001–2009) and advocated Bush's impeachment for war crimes, such as the Second Iraq War (2003–2011) and torturing prisoners of war (soldiers, guerrillas, civilians) in violation of international law.
In May 2007, while discussing 9/11 conspiracy theories that might explain the "who?" and the "why?" of the 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., Vidal said
I'm not a conspiracy theorist, I'm a conspiracy analyst. Everything the Bushites touch is screwed up. They could never have pulled off 9/11, even if they |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 4279, "ep": 26, "ec": 4876} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 4,279 | 26 | 4,876 | Gore Vidal | Politics | wanted to. Even if they longed to. They could step aside, though, or just go out to lunch while these terrible things were happening to the nation. I believe that of them.
— Gore Vidal
In a September 30, 2009 interview with The Times of London, Vidal said that there soon would be a dictatorship in the United States. The newspaper emphasized that Vidal, described as "the Grand Old Man of American belles-lettres", claimed that America is rotting away – and to not expect Barack Obama to save the country and the nation from imperial decay. In this interview, he also updated his |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 4876, "ep": 26, "ec": 5479} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 4,876 | 26 | 5,479 | Gore Vidal | Politics | views of his life, the United States, and other political subjects. Vidal had earlier described what he saw as the political and cultural rot in the United States in his essay, "The State of the Union" (1975),
There is only one party in the United States, the Property Party ... and it has two right wings: Republican and Democrat. Republicans are a bit stupider, more rigid, more doctrinaire in their laissez-faire capitalism than the Democrats, who are cuter, prettier, a bit more corrupt – until recently ... and more willing than the Republicans to make small adjustments when the poor, the |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 5479, "ep": 26, "ec": 6178} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 5,479 | 26 | 6,178 | Gore Vidal | Politics | black, the anti-imperialists get out of hand. But, essentially, there is no difference between the two parties.
— Gore Vidal
In the American Conservative article, "My Pen Pal Gore Vidal" (2012), Bill Kauffman reported that Vidal's favorite American politician, during his lifetime, was Huey Long (1893–1935), the populist Governor (1928–32) and Senator (1932–35) from Louisiana, who also had perceived the essential, one-party nature of U.S. politics and who was assassinated by a lone gunman.
Despite that, Vidal said, "I think of myself as a conservative", with a proprietary attitude towards the United States. "My family helped start [this country] ... and we've been in |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 6178, "ep": 26, "ec": 6783} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 6,178 | 26 | 6,783 | Gore Vidal | Politics | political life ... since the 1690s, and I have a very possessive sense about this country". Based upon that background of populism, from 1970 to 1972, Vidal was a chairman of the People's Party of the United States. In 1971, he endorsed the consumer-rights advocate Ralph Nader for U.S. president in the 1972 election. In 2004, he endorsed Democrat Dennis Kucinich in his candidacy for the U.S. presidency (in 2004), because Kucinich was "the most eloquent of the lot" of presidential candidates, from either the Republican or the Democratic parties and that Kucinich was "very much a favorite out there, |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 26, "sc": 6783, "ep": 30, "ec": 491} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 26 | 6,783 | 30 | 491 | Gore Vidal | Politics & The Capote–Vidal feud | in the amber fields of grain". The Capote–Vidal feud In 1975 Vidal sued Truman Capote for slander over the accusation that he had been thrown out of the White House for being drunk, putting his arm around the first lady and then insulting Mrs. Kennedy's mother. Said Capote of Vidal at the time: "I'm always sad about Gore – very sad that he has to breathe every day". Mutual friend George Plimpton observed "There's no venom like Capote's when he's on the prowl – and Gore's too, I don't know what division the feud should be in." The suit was |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 30, "sc": 491, "ep": 34, "ec": 471} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 30 | 491 | 34 | 471 | Gore Vidal | The Capote–Vidal feud & The Buckley–Vidal feud | settled in Vidal's favor when Lee Radziwill refused to testify on Capote's behalf, telling columnist Liz Smith, "Oh, Liz, what do we care; they're just a couple of fags! They're disgusting". The Buckley–Vidal feud In 1968, the ABC television network hired the liberal Gore Vidal and the conservative William F. Buckley, Jr. as political analysts of the presidential-nomination conventions of the Republican and Democratic parties. Their commentaries led to Buckley threatening to assault Vidal. After days of bickering, their debates degraded to vitriolic ad hominem attacks. Discussing the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests, the public intellectuals argued about freedom of |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 471, "ep": 34, "ec": 1074} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 471 | 34 | 1,074 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud | speech, namely the legality of protesters to display a Viet Cong flag in America, Vidal told Buckley to "shut up a minute". Buckley had likened violent left wing protesters to German National Socialists. Vidal stated "As far as I'm concerned, the only sort of pro-crypto-Nazi I can think of is yourself". Buckley replied, "Now listen, you queer. Stop calling me a crypto-Nazi, or I'll sock you in the goddamn face, and you'll stay plastered". ABC's Howard K. Smith interjected, and the debate resumed without violence. Later, Buckley said he regretted having called Vidal a "queer" yet said that Vidal |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 1074, "ep": 34, "ec": 1691} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 1,074 | 34 | 1,691 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud | was an "evangelist for bisexuality".
In 1969, in Esquire magazine, Buckley continued his cultural feud with Vidal in the essay "On Experiencing Gore Vidal" (August 1969), in which he portrayed Vidal as an apologist for homosexuality; Buckley said, "The man who, in his essays, proclaims the normalcy of his affliction [i.e., homosexuality], and in his art the desirability of it, is not to be confused with the man who bears his sorrow quietly. The addict is to be pitied and even respected, not the pusher." The essay is collected in The Governor Listeth: A Book of Inspired Political Revelations (1970), an |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 1691, "ep": 34, "ec": 2361} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 1,691 | 34 | 2,361 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud | anthology of Buckley's writings from the time.
Vidal riposted in Esquire with the essay "A Distasteful Encounter with William F. Buckley, Jr." (September 1969) and said that Buckley was "anti-black", "anti-semitic" and a "warmonger". Buckley sued Vidal for libel.
The feud continued in Esquire, where Vidal implied that in 1944, Buckley and unnamed siblings had vandalized a Protestant church in Sharon, Connecticut, (the Buckley family hometown) after the wife of a pastor had sold a house to a Jewish family. Buckley again sued Vidal and Esquire for libel and Vidal filed a counterclaim for libel against Buckley, citing Buckley's characterization of |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 2361, "ep": 34, "ec": 2986} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 2,361 | 34 | 2,986 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud | Myra Breckinridge (1968) as a pornographic novel. The court dismissed Vidal's counterclaim. Buckley accepted a money settlement of $115,000 to pay the fee of his attorney and an editorial apology from Esquire, in which the publisher and the editors said that they were "utterly convinced" of the untruthfulness of Vidal's assertions. In a letter to Newsweek magazine, the publisher of Esquire said that "the settlement of Buckley's suit against us" was not "a 'disavowal' of Vidal's article. On the contrary, it clearly states that we published that article because we believed that Vidal had a right to assert his opinions, |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 2986, "ep": 34, "ec": 3599} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 2,986 | 34 | 3,599 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud | even though we did not share them".
In Gore Vidal: A Biography (1999), Fred Kaplan said that "The court had 'not' sustained Buckley's case against Esquire ... [that] the court had 'not' ruled that Vidal's article was 'defamatory'. It had ruled that the case would have to go to trial in order to determine, as a matter of fact, whether or not it was defamatory. The cash value of the settlement with Esquire represented 'only' Buckley's legal expenses".
In 2003, Buckley resumed his complaint of having been libelled by Vidal, this time with the publication of the anthology Esquire's Big Book of |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 3599, "ep": 34, "ec": 4241} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 3,599 | 34 | 4,241 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud | Great Writing (2003), which included Vidal's essay, "A Distasteful Encounter with William F. Buckley, Jr." Again, the offended Buckley filed lawsuit for libel and Esquire magazine again settled Buckley's claim with $55,000–65,000 for the fees of his attorney and $10,000 for personal damages suffered by Buckley.
In the obituary "RIP WFB – in Hell" (March 20, 2008), Vidal remembered Buckley, who had died on February 27, 2008. Later, in the interview "Literary Lion: Questions for Gore Vidal" (June 15, 2008), New York Times reporter Deborah Solomon asked Vidal, "How did you feel, when you heard that Buckley died this year?" Vidal |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 34, "sc": 4241, "ep": 38, "ec": 309} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 34 | 4,241 | 38 | 309 | Gore Vidal | The Buckley–Vidal feud & The Mailer–Vidal feud | responded:
I thought hell is bound to be a livelier place, as he joins, forever, those whom he served in life, applauding their prejudices and fanning their hatred.
— Gore Vidal
The Buckley–Vidal debates, their aftermath and cultural significance, were the focus of a 2015 documentary film called Best of Enemies. The Mailer–Vidal feud On December 15, 1971, during the recording of The Dick Cavett Show, with Janet Flanner, Norman Mailer allegedly head-butted Vidal when they were backstage. When a reporter asked Vidal why Mailer had knocked heads with him, Vidal said, "Once again, words failed Norman Mailer". During the recording of the talk |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 38, "sc": 309, "ep": 42, "ec": 366} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 38 | 309 | 42 | 366 | Gore Vidal | The Mailer–Vidal feud & The rights of German Scientologists | show, Vidal and Mailer insulted each other, over what Vidal had written about him, prompting Mailer to say, "I've had to smell your works from time to time". Apparently, Mailer's umbrage resulted from Vidal's reference to Mailer having stabbed his wife of the time. The rights of German Scientologists In 1997, Gore Vidal was one of thirty-four public intellectuals and celebrities who signed an open-letter addressed to Helmut Kohl, the Chancellor of Germany, published in the International Herald Tribune, protesting the treatment of Scientologists in Germany. Despite that stance, as a dispassionate intellectual Gore Vidal was fundamentally critical of Scientology |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 42, "sc": 366, "ep": 46, "ec": 528} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 42 | 366 | 46 | 528 | Gore Vidal | The rights of German Scientologists & Interview on his thought on the Polanski rape case | as religion. Interview on his thought on the Polanski rape case In The Atlantic magazine interview, "A Conversation with Gore Vidal" (October 2009), by John Meroney, Vidal spoke about topical and cultural matters of U.S. society. Asked his opinion about the arrest of the film director Roman Polanski, in Switzerland, in September 2009, in response to an extradition request by U.S. authorities, for having fled the U.S. in 1978 to avoid jail for the statutory rape of a thirteen-year-old girl in Hollywood, Vidal said, "I really don't give a fuck. Look, am I going to sit and weep every time |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 46, "sc": 528, "ep": 46, "ec": 1120} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 46 | 528 | 46 | 1,120 | Gore Vidal | Interview on his thought on the Polanski rape case | a young hooker feels as though she's been taken advantage of?"
Asked for elaboration, Vidal explained the cultural temper of the U.S. and of the Hollywood movie business in the 1970s
The [news] media can't get anything straight. Plus, there's usually an anti-Semitic and anti-fag thing going on with the press – lots of crazy things. The idea that this girl was in her communion dress, a little angel, all in white, being raped by this awful Jew Polacko – that's what people were calling him – well, the story is totally different now [2009] from what it was then [1970s] ... |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 46, "sc": 1120, "ep": 46, "ec": 1822} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 46 | 1,120 | 46 | 1,822 | Gore Vidal | Interview on his thought on the Polanski rape case | Anti-Semitism got poor Polanski. He was also a foreigner. He did not subscribe to American values, in the least. To [his persecutors], that seemed vicious and unnatural.
— Gore Vidal
Asked to explain the term "American values", Vidal replied, "Lying and cheating. There's nothing better."
In response to Vidal's opinion about the decades-old Polanski rape case, a spokeswoman for the organization Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, Barbara Dorris, said, "People should express their outrage, by refusing to buy any of his books", called Vidal a "mean-spirited buffoon" and said that, although "a boycott wouldn't hurt Vidal financially", it would "cause anyone else, |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 46, "sc": 1822, "ep": 54, "ec": 281} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 46 | 1,822 | 54 | 281 | Gore Vidal | Interview on his thought on the Polanski rape case & Vidal the humanist & Actor | with such callous views, to keep his mouth shut, and [so] avoid rubbing salt into the already deep [psychological] wounds of (the victims)" of sexual abuse. Vidal the humanist In April 2009, Vidal accepted appointment to the position of honorary president of the American Humanist Association; he succeeded the novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Actor In the 1960s, Vidal migrated to Italy, where he befriended the film director Federico Fellini, for whom he appeared in a cameo role as himself in the film Roma (1972). He acted in the movies Bob Roberts (1992), a serio-comedy about a reactionary populist politician who manipulates |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 54, "sc": 281, "ep": 58, "ec": 422} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 54 | 281 | 58 | 422 | Gore Vidal | Actor & Pop-culture figure | youth culture to win votes; With Honors (1994) an Ivy league college-life comedy; Gattaca (1997), a science-fiction drama about genetic engineering; and Igby Goes Down (2002), a coming-of-age serio-comedy directed by his nephew, Burr Steers. Pop-culture figure In the 1960s, the weekly American sketch comedy television program Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In featured a running-joke sketch about Vidal; the telephone operator Ernestine (Lily Tomlin) would call him, saying: "Mr. Veedul, this is the Phone Company calling! (snort! snort!)". The sketch, titled "Mr. Veedle" also appeared in Tomlin's comedy record album This Is a Recording (1972).
In 1967, Vidal appeared on the CBS |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 58, "sc": 422, "ep": 58, "ec": 1086} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 58 | 422 | 58 | 1,086 | Gore Vidal | Pop-culture figure | documentary, CBS Reports: The Homosexuals, in which he expressed his views on homosexuality in the arts.
In the 1970s, in the stand-up comedy album Reality ... What a Concept, Robin Williams portrayed Vidal as a drunken shill in a Thunderbird wine commercial.
In 2005, Vidal portrayed himself in Trailer for the Remake of Gore Vidal's Caligula, a video-art piece by Francesco Vezzoli included to the 2005 Venice Biennale and part of the permanent collection of the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
Moreover, Vidal provided his own voice for the animated-cartoon versions of himself in The Simpsons and the Family Guy programs. Likewise, |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 58, "sc": 1086, "ep": 62, "ec": 85} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 58 | 1,086 | 62 | 85 | Gore Vidal | Pop-culture figure & Private life | he portrayed himself in the Da Ali G Show; the Ali G character mistakes him for Vidal Sassoon, a famous hairdresser.
In the biographic film Amelia (2009), the child Vidal was portrayed by William Cuddy, a Canadian actor. In the Truman Capote biographic film Infamous (2006), the young adult Vidal was portrayed by the American actor Michael Panes.
In 2009, Vidal was the narrator for a production of Mother Courage and Her Children (1939), by Bertolt Brecht, staged by the Royal National Theatre, London. Private life In the multi-volume memoir The Diary of Anaïs Nin (1931–74), Anaïs Nin said she had a |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 62, "sc": 85, "ep": 62, "ec": 697} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 62 | 85 | 62 | 697 | Gore Vidal | Private life | love affair with Vidal, who denied her claim in his memoir Palimpsest (1995). Vidal also said that he had an intermittent romance with the actress Diana Lynn, and alluded to possibly having fathered a daughter. Yet, regarding Nin, in the online article "Gore Vidal's Secret, Unpublished Love Letter to Anaïs Nin" (2013), author Kim Krizan said she found an unpublished love letter from Vidal to Nin, which contradicts his denial of a love affair with Nin. Krizan said she found the love letter while researching Mirages, the latest volume of Nin's uncensored diary, to which Krizan wrote the foreword. Moreover, |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 62, "sc": 697, "ep": 62, "ec": 1287} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 62 | 697 | 62 | 1,287 | Gore Vidal | Private life | he was briefly engaged to the actress Joanne Woodward before she married the actor Paul Newman; after marrying, they briefly shared a house with Vidal in Los Angeles.
In 1950, Gore Vidal met Howard Austen, who became his partner for the next 53 years, until Austen's death. He said that the secret to his long relationship with Austen was that they did not have sex with each other: "It's easy to sustain a relationship when sex plays no part, and impossible, I have observed, when it does." In Celebrity: The Advocate Interviews (1995), by Judy Wiedner, Vidal said that he refused |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 62, "sc": 1287, "ep": 62, "ec": 1853} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 62 | 1,287 | 62 | 1,853 | Gore Vidal | Private life | to call himself "gay" because he was not an adjective, adding "to be categorized is, simply, to be enslaved. Watch out. I have never thought of myself as a victim ... I've said – a thousand times? – in print and on TV, that everyone is bisexual".
In an interview with Esquire in 1969, Gore said "Homosexuality is as natural as heterosexuality. Notice I use the word natural, not normal." Commenting his life's work and his life, he described his style as "Knowing who you are, what you want to say, and not giving a damn."
In the course of his life, |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 62, "sc": 1853, "ep": 66, "ec": 29} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 62 | 1,853 | 66 | 29 | Gore Vidal | Private life & Death | Vidal lived at various times in Italy and in the United States. In 2003, as his health began to fail with age, he sold his Italian villa La Rondinaia (The Swallow's Nest) on the Amalfi Coast in the province of Salerno and he and Austen returned to live in their 1929 villa in Outpost Estates, Los Angeles. Howard Austen died in November 2003 and in February 2005 his remains were re-buried at Rock Creek Cemetery, in Washington, D.C., in a joint grave plot that Vidal had purchased for himself and Austen. Death In 2010 Vidal began to suffer |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 66, "sc": 29, "ep": 70, "ec": 233} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 66 | 29 | 70 | 233 | Gore Vidal | Death & Legacy | from Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, a neurological disorder. On July 31, 2012 Vidal died of pneumonia at his home in the Hollywood Hills at the age of 86. A memorial service was held for him at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre in New York City on August 23, 2012. He was buried next to Howard Austen in Rock Creek Cemetery, in Washington, D.C. Legacy Postmortem opinions and assessments of Gore as a writer varied.
The New York Times described him as "an Augustan figure who believed himself to be the last of a breed, and he was probably right. Few American writers have been |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 70, "sc": 233, "ep": 70, "ec": 846} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 70 | 233 | 70 | 846 | Gore Vidal | Legacy | more versatile, or gotten more mileage from their talent". The Los Angeles Times said that he was a literary juggernaut whose novels and essays were considered "among the most elegant in the English language". The Washington Post described him as a "major writer of the modern era ... [an] astonishingly versatile man of letters".
The Guardian said that "Vidal's critics disparaged his tendency to formulate an aphorism, rather than to argue, finding in his work an underlying note of contempt for those who did not agree with him. His fans, on the other hand, delighted in his unflagging wit and elegant |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 70, "sc": 846, "ep": 70, "ec": 1429} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 70 | 846 | 70 | 1,429 | Gore Vidal | Legacy | style". The Daily Telegraph described the writer as "an icy iconoclast" who "delighted in chronicling what he perceived as the disintegration of civilisation around him". The BBC News said that he was "one of the finest post-war American writers ... an indefatigable critic of the whole American system ... Gore Vidal saw himself as the last of the breed of literary figures who became celebrities in their own right. Never a stranger to chat shows; his wry and witty opinions were sought after as much as his writing." In "The Culture of the United States Laments the Death of Gore |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 70, "sc": 1429, "ep": 70, "ec": 2013} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 70 | 1,429 | 70 | 2,013 | Gore Vidal | Legacy | Vidal", the Spanish on-line magazine Ideal said that Vidal's death was a loss to the "culture of the United States", and described him as a "great American novelist and essayist". In The Writer Gore Vidal is Dead in Los Angeles, the online edition of the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera described the novelist as "the enfant terrible of American culture" and that he was "one of the giants of American literature". In Gore Vidal: The Killjoy of America, the French newspaper Le Figaro said that the public intellectual Vidal was "the killjoy of America" but that he also was an |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 70, "sc": 2013, "ep": 70, "ec": 2656} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 70 | 2,013 | 70 | 2,656 | Gore Vidal | Legacy | "outstanding polemicist" who used words "like high-precision weapons".
On August 23, 2012, in the program a Memorial for Gore Vidal in Manhattan, the life and works of the writer Gore Vidal were celebrated at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre, with a revival of The Best Man: A Play About Politics (1960). The writer and comedian Dick Cavett was host of the Vidalian celebration, which featured personal reminiscences about and performances of excerpts from the works of Gore Vidal by friends and colleagues, such as Elizabeth Ashley, Candice Bergen and Hillary Clinton, Alan Cumming, James Earl Jones and Elaine May, Michael Moore, Susan |
{"datasets_id": 2160, "wiki_id": "Q167821", "sp": 70, "sc": 2656, "ep": 70, "ec": 2697} | 2,160 | Q167821 | 70 | 2,656 | 70 | 2,697 | Gore Vidal | Legacy | Sarandon, Cybill Shepherd and Liz Smith. |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 585} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 585 | Got to Give It Up | Background | Got to Give It Up Background Throughout 1976, Marvin Gaye's popularity was still at a high in America and abroad, but the singer struggled throughout the year due to pending lawsuits from former bandmates. Divorce court proceedings between Gaye and first wife Anna Gordy had put a strain on him. Financial difficulties almost led to imprisonment for the singer when Gordy accused him of failing to pay child support payments for their only child, son Marvin Pentz Gaye III.
To relieve Gaye from his debt, his European concert promoter Jeffrey Kruger booked the singer on a lengthy European tour. Gaye began |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 6, "sc": 585, "ep": 6, "ec": 1148} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 6 | 585 | 6 | 1,148 | Got to Give It Up | Background | the tour in the United Kingdom where he had a strong fan base dating back to his early career in the 1960s, making his first stop in the country since 1964. His performances there were given rave reviews. One of the shows, filmed at London's Palladium, was recorded for a live album, later released as Live at the London Palladium, in the spring of 1977. Around the same time, Gaye's label Motown tried to get the artist to record in the current sound of the times, disco music. Gaye criticized the music, claiming it lacked substance and vowed against recording |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 6, "sc": 1148, "ep": 6, "ec": 1715} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 6 | 1,148 | 6 | 1,715 | Got to Give It Up | Background | in the genre. His label mate Diana Ross had recorded her first disco song, "Love Hangover". The song's producer Hal Davis debated over giving that song to either Ross or Gaye. After working over the song, he went with Ross, and it became her fourth solo number one hit. Motown struggled to get Gaye in the studio as Gaye focused on work on an album (which would later be released as Here, My Dear, dedicated to Gaye's troubled first marriage). After months of holding off from recording anything resembling disco, the singer set upon writing a song parodying a disco |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 6, "sc": 1715, "ep": 10, "ec": 619} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 6 | 1,715 | 10 | 619 | Got to Give It Up | Background & Production | setting. Production The first recording session for "Got to Give It Up", originally titled "Dancing Lady", was on December 13, 1976. Influenced by the Johnnie Taylor hit, "Disco Lady", Gaye was inspired to create his answer song to Taylor's hit. To help set up a "disco" atmosphere, Gaye hired Motown producer and engineer Art Stewart to oversee the song's production. Gaye and Stewart brought in several musicians and Gaye's friends, his brother Frankie and girlfriend Janis Hunter, to Gaye's recording studio complex, Marvin's Room. From December 14 to 17, 1976, Gaye performed the lead vocal track, instrumentation (which included Gaye, |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 10, "sc": 619, "ep": 10, "ec": 1257} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 10 | 619 | 10 | 1,257 | Got to Give It Up | Production | Fernando Harkness, Johnny McGhee, Frankie Beverly and Bugsy Wilcox and Funk Brother member Jack Ashford) and background vocals. In the song, Gaye added background vocals from his brother and his girlfriend. During the second half of the song, the song introduces vocal layered doo-wop styled scatting from Gaye and produced a funk-influenced vamp. Fernando Harkness performs a tenor saxophone solo in the second half of the song.
Gaye recorded his vocals on the first date of sessions, adding instrumentation on the following day, and then adding other effects in the latter two days, mixing it by January 1977. Influenced by the |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 10, "sc": 1257, "ep": 10, "ec": 1824} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 10 | 1,257 | 10 | 1,824 | Got to Give It Up | Production | vocal chatter on his previous hit, "What's Going On", Gaye decided to create a party scene outside the recording studio where different voices are heard either greeting each other or partying. Gaye is also heard on the track greeting people and laughing while mingling in with the crowd. During the bridge, Gaye is heard yelling, "Say Don! Hey man, I didn't know you was in here!" The "Don" was later confirmed as Soul Train host Don Cornelius, who was one of Gaye's close friends. Gaye overlapped the party sounds over and over, making a loop. In the second half of |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 10, "sc": 1824, "ep": 14, "ec": 22} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 10 | 1,824 | 14 | 22 | Got to Give It Up | Production & Composition | the song, Gaye sings mainly the initial title, "dancing lady" over and over while a saxophone is playing a solo. All the background vocals on the second part of the song were from Gaye himself. Gaye also plays percussion, bass keyboards and RMI synthesisers in the final fade of the song. In the second half, he can be heard playing on a glass bottle halfway filled with grapefruit juice. L.T.D. guitarist Johnny McGhee added guitar. McGhee and Frankie Beverly were the only non-bandmates featured on the song playing instruments. Beverly also added assorted percussion. Composition After the start of the |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 14, "sc": 22, "ep": 14, "ec": 600} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 14 | 22 | 14 | 600 | Got to Give It Up | Composition | song, which includes vocal chatter, the song kicks off with a standard drum beat: kick, snare and hi-hat while synthesizers are heard soon afterwards. After nearly a minute, Gaye's vocals appear in a falsetto, which he sings in for most of the song. In the second half, after harmonizing in falsetto, Gaye's tenor vocals take over.
The song's story line focuses on a man who is a wallflower when he comes into a nightclub nervous to perform on the dance floor. But after a minute of this, the music takes over and his body starts to lose any inhibitions. Midway through |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 14, "sc": 600, "ep": 18, "ec": 102} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 14 | 600 | 18 | 102 | Got to Give It Up | Composition & Release and reaction | he finally cuts loose before shouting the chant "non-stop express, party y'all; feel no distress, I'm at my best — let's dance, let's shout, gettin' funky what it's all about!" proving the power of the dance can overtake any shyness. The dance is mainly focused on Gaye and a suitable female partner he seeks. In the second half, a funkier jazz arrangement is helped in guitar, bass and a tambourine. After this, he continues chanting until the song fades. Release and reaction The record was released in March 1977 and eventually topped the US Billboard charts. The song held the |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 18, "sc": 102, "ep": 18, "ec": 626} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 18 | 102 | 18 | 626 | Got to Give It Up | Release and reaction | number one position on the US Billboard Hot 100 for one week, from June 18 to 25, 1977. It replaced "Dreams" by Fleetwood Mac, and was replaced by "Gonna Fly Now" by Bill Conti. On the R&B Singles Charts it held the number one spot for five weeks from April 30 until June 17, 1977 (being interrupted twice at the number one position for one week by "Whodunit" by Tavares for the week of May 21, 1977 and Stevie Wonder's "Sir Duke" for the week of May 28, 1977 respectively). On the disco charts the single was also a number |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 18, "sc": 626, "ep": 18, "ec": 1186} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 18 | 626 | 18 | 1,186 | Got to Give It Up | Release and reaction | one hit. Billboard ranked it as the No. 20 song of 1977.
It would also reach number-one on the dance chart in May. The single also found success outside the United States reaching number seven on the UK Singles Chart, his biggest charted hit as a solo artist since his version of "Abraham, Martin & John" had peaked at number nine on the chart in 1970. Before, Gaye had modest success with two singles - "Save the Children" (which was released as a double-A side with Gaye's 1966 recording, "Little Darling (I Need You)") in 1971 and "Let's Get It On" |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 18, "sc": 1186, "ep": 22, "ec": 129} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 18 | 1,186 | 22 | 129 | Got to Give It Up | Release and reaction & Music video | in 1973 (which peaked at number 31 on the UK chart). The single also found modest success in some countries, peaking at number 24 on the Dutch singles chart and number 31 on the New Zealand charts. The single's success helped its parent album, Live at the London Palladium find substantial success on the Billboard 200, where it stayed at the top ten for several weeks. Sales of the album eventually reached two million. Music video Gaye lip-synched the song with a band on Soul Train soon after the song's release. This video was edited to achieve a music video |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 22, "sc": 129, "ep": 26, "ec": 600} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 22 | 129 | 26 | 600 | Got to Give It Up | Music video & Legacy | format. Legacy Gaye's song became an important influence and motivation for Michael Jackson, who was searching to write a potential hit after The Jacksons had struggled with previous offerings. Jackson later wrote, with brother Randy, "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", adapting parts of Gaye's chant, transforming it into "let's dance, let's shout, shake your body down to the ground". The song, "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough", written solely by Jackson and recorded the same year as "Shake Your Body", took even more of Gaye's approach with "Got to Give It Up", using percussive instruments and a continued |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 26, "sc": 600, "ep": 26, "ec": 1196} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 26 | 600 | 26 | 1,196 | Got to Give It Up | Legacy | funk guitar riff. Jackson sings most of the song in falsetto. Jackson's producer Quincy Jones added in strings used during the instrumental intro and a synthesizer guitar during the song's bridge. Much like the party chatter in "Got to Give It Up", Jackson added in vocal chatter; however, the chatter would later be debated as two people having a verbal argument while the tape was recording (a woman could be heard hollering "I love your little ass anyway!"). Jackson and Jones allowed the argument in the recording.
"Got to Give It Up" has been featured in the films Menace II Society |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 26, "sc": 1196, "ep": 26, "ec": 1844} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 26 | 1,196 | 26 | 1,844 | Got to Give It Up | Legacy | (1993), Boogie Nights (1997), Practical Magic (1998), Summer of Sam (1999), Charlie's Angels (2000), Barbershop (2002), This Christmas (2007), Eat Pray Love (2010) and Paul (2011).
The song has also featured in the television shows The Wire, True Blood, and Scandal.
The 2013 hit single "Blurred Lines" by Robin Thicke, Pharrell Williams and song co-writer T.I. was the subject of a lawsuit for allegedly copying "Got to Give It Up". Thicke originally told the public both he and Pharrell were in the recording studio and suddenly Thicke told Pharrell "Damn, we should make something like that, something with that groove" and they |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 26, "sc": 1844, "ep": 26, "ec": 2405} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 26 | 1,844 | 26 | 2,405 | Got to Give It Up | Legacy | wrote the song in less than an hour. However, Thicke later claimed this was all a lie and the song was entirely written by Pharrell. Thicke stated "I was high on Vicodin and alcohol when I showed up at the studio." On March 10, 2015, a federal jury found "Blurred Lines" infringed on "Got to Give It Up" and awarded nearly $7.4 million to Gaye's children. Jurors found against Pharrell and Thicke, but held harmless the record company and T.I. While damages were reduced to $5.3 million, the jury's decision was held up on appeal. As an additional remedy, Gaye |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 26, "sc": 2405, "ep": 30, "ec": 363} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 26 | 2,405 | 30 | 363 | Got to Give It Up | Legacy & Background and recording | was credited as a songwriter for "Blurred Lines". This in turn affected "Weird Al" Yankovic's parody of "Blurred Lines", "Word Crimes", where Gaye also has been added as a songwriter. Background and recording Aaliyah decided to record "Got To Give It Up" because she wanted to have party songs on the album.
In an interview Aaliyah stated, "I wanted some real party songs, so when my uncle played me that [original track], I thought of how I could make it different. Slick Rick [who'd been in jail] was on work release at the time, so Vincent got him on the song". |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 30, "sc": 363, "ep": 30, "ec": 958} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 30 | 363 | 30 | 958 | Got to Give It Up | Background and recording | Producer Craig King recalls that when Aaliyah was recording "Got To Give It Up" she was dancing the entire time.
During the recording process of the song the producers sat for hours writing down the lyrics because they didn't know them.
King stated "To me, the funniest part was trying to figure out the lyrics. Marvin Gaye sang in such a crazy way, a lot of words we didn't know. We had to sit there for hours making sure we were writing it down properly. We still think we might've gotten some words wrong.
Also during the recording process the producers changed about |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 30, "sc": 958, "ep": 30, "ec": 1487} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 30 | 958 | 30 | 1,487 | Got to Give It Up | Background and recording | five words in the song so that they could fit for Aaliyah.
The overall goal while recording this song was to make it fit in within the current time so the producers didn't want it to sound too dated.
According to king "We didn't want it to sound like it was from the '70s so we changed some lyrics because some of the words just wouldn't work in the '90s like "suga mama." Aaliyah was proud to cover this song and she elaborated on covering the song saying "I don't know how Marvin Gaye fans will react, but I |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 30, "sc": 1487, "ep": 38, "ec": 31} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 30 | 1,487 | 38 | 31 | Got to Give It Up | Background and recording & Composition & Critical reception | hope they like it, I always think it's a great compliment when people remake songs. I hope one day after I'm not here that people will cover my song's". Composition On "Got to give it up" Aaliyah places her falsetto "toe to toe against the liquid overlapping rhyme scheme of hip hop's ultimate storyteller slick rick". According to Bob Waliszewski from Plugged In lyrically the song is about finding "a man in a dance club ordering alcohol". Aaliyah's version of the song features a sample from the song "Billie Jean" performed by Michael Jackson. Critical reception When reviewing Aaliyah's second |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 38, "sc": 31, "ep": 38, "ec": 590} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 38 | 31 | 38 | 590 | Got to Give It Up | Critical reception | album "One In A Million" writer Dream Hampton from Vibe was surprisingly shocked with the outcome of Got To Give It Up. According to Hampton "The album has some surprises too. Like any self respecting Marvin Gaye fan, I cringed when I Learned Aaliyah had covered his classic 1977 party jam "Got to give it Up". But her version is agreeably accurate (even with Slick Rick's snippet of an intro". Hampton Also felt that Aaliyah was just as convincing as Marvin when it comes to songs theme of being a wall flower. Connie Johnson from the Los Angeles Times felt |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 38, "sc": 590, "ep": 42, "ec": 302} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 38 | 590 | 42 | 302 | Got to Give It Up | Critical reception & Chart performance | that Aaliyah's skills were being displayed on the song and she felt that her version of "Got to Give It Up" was irresistible. Writer Dean Van Nguyen from The Independent praised Aaliyah's voice on the song, saying she sounded great. Chart performance Aaliyah's version of "Got to Give It Up" features a guest rap appearance from rapper Slick Rick and it was released as the second single in certain international markets. The song was a minor hit in the UK, peaking at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart and the song also peaked within the top ten on the |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 42, "sc": 302, "ep": 46, "ec": 328} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 42 | 302 | 46 | 328 | Got to Give It Up | Chart performance & Recordings by other artists | UK R&B and UK Dance charts. In other internatiional markets got to give it up peaked at number 38 on the Tokio Hot 100 charts in Japan. In New Zealand the song peaked within the top 40 at number 34. Recordings by other artists Tenor saxophonist Pharoah Sanders included the song on his 1977 album Love Will Find a Way. Another saxophonist David Sanborn included the song on his 1994 album Hearsay. Urban Knights, a contemporary jazz group led by legendary pianist Ramsey Lewis performed a version of this song, which was included on their 2003 album Urban |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 46, "sc": 328, "ep": 46, "ec": 887} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 46 | 328 | 46 | 887 | Got to Give It Up | Recordings by other artists | Knights V. A second known instrumental version is by saxophonist Kim Waters from his 2007 album You Are My Lady. The song has been featured in several films and soundtracks since its release including the soundtracks to films such as 54, Summer of Sam and The Nanny Diaries while it was featured on the films, Charlie's Angels, How Stella Got Her Groove Back, Menace 2 Society and Barbershop. In the latter film, the song is played during a crucial part in the film when two rival barbers nearly come to blows, the song is played which not only cools tension |
{"datasets_id": 2161, "wiki_id": "Q1027675", "sp": 46, "sc": 887, "ep": 46, "ec": 1402} | 2,161 | Q1027675 | 46 | 887 | 46 | 1,402 | Got to Give It Up | Recordings by other artists | but brings out other people in the neighborhood to step out and dance. Justin Timberlake performed the song live at the 2008 Fashion Rocks concert. Gaye's daughter Nona recorded an unreleased version with Prince's band, New Power Generation. Zhane performed this song on a tribute album of various artists titled Marvin Is 60. The song has been performed recently by Thom Yorke's band Atoms for Peace during a live concert performance. In 2015 South African band Van Coke Kartel released their version of the song. |
{"datasets_id": 2162, "wiki_id": "Q1824727", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 585} | 2,162 | Q1824727 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 585 | Goust | Geography | Goust Geography Goust is located on the territory of the commune of Laruns. It occupies one square mile on a plateau at the southern (upper) end of the valley of the Gave d'Ossau in the Western Pyrenees, across the river from Eaux-Chaudes. At an elevation of 995 m/3264 ft, it is accessible only by a narrow mountain footpath across the Pont d'Enfer ("Bridge of Hell"). The nearest town is Laruns in the valley below.
The community is made up of 10-12 households, with a population fluctuating between 50 and 150 residents. The traditional economy was based on animal husbandry, wool, and silk |
{"datasets_id": 2162, "wiki_id": "Q1824727", "sp": 6, "sc": 585, "ep": 10, "ec": 266} | 2,162 | Q1824727 | 6 | 585 | 10 | 266 | Goust | Geography & History | production, augmented more recently by tourism. All baptisms, weddings, and burials are performed at the Catholic Church in Laruns.
Due to its isolated situation, the inhabitants of Goust evolved a curious funeral custom: the deceased was placed in a coffin and sent down the mountainside via a specially-constructed chute, to be collected at the bottom for burial in the Laruns cemetery. History Jean-François Samazeuilh (1858) attributes the claims of Goust's independence to an 1827 description by the former French Minister of the Interior Joseph Lainé. Samazeuilh says that Lainé was speaking metaphorically when he labeled Goust a "republic," and that other |
{"datasets_id": 2162, "wiki_id": "Q1824727", "sp": 10, "sc": 266, "ep": 10, "ec": 846} | 2,162 | Q1824727 | 10 | 266 | 10 | 846 | Goust | History | writers took this literally ("on a pris au sérieux cette fantaisie du spirituel écrivain"). He then provides a long quotation from the Album Pyrénéen which demonstrates the fallacy of this interpretation—for example, the residents of Goust pay taxes to the government in Laruns.
In the late 19th century however, newspapers from the United States mention Goust and goings on in the “Republic.” One of them is the story that in 1896 the authorities proclaimed a ban on publication of any newspaper without executive authorization, which led to an uprising of the citizens. |
{"datasets_id": 2163, "wiki_id": "Q18737071", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 238} | 2,163 | Q18737071 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 238 | Govilon railway station | Present | Govilon railway station Present The station building, which has survived into private ownership, is the only one to do so of the stone-built structures provided on the lower part of the Abergavenny and Merthyr line. National Cycle Route 46 runs in front of the building. |
{"datasets_id": 2164, "wiki_id": "Q700654", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 137} | 2,164 | Q700654 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 137 | Grän | Geography | Grän Geography Grän lies in the Tannheim valley, a high mountain valley on the border with Bavaria. It lies on the road to Pfronten in southern Germany. |
{"datasets_id": 2165, "wiki_id": "Q18748999", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 582} | 2,165 | Q18748999 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 582 | Grace (restaurant) | History | Grace (restaurant) History Original head chef Curtis Duffy and his business partner Michael Muser opened Grace in December 2012. Duffy had previously worked at Charlie Trotter’s and was chef de cuisine at Alinea when it opened in 2004. In the years prior to opening Grace, he maintained a two star Michelin rating while the head chef at Avenues in the Peninsula Hotel until closing the restaurant in 2011.
Grace has maintained a Michelin Guide three-star restaurant status since 2014 and to date is only the third restaurant in Chicago ever to earn three Michelin stars after Alinea and now shuttered |
{"datasets_id": 2165, "wiki_id": "Q18748999", "sp": 6, "sc": 582, "ep": 6, "ec": 1126} | 2,165 | Q18748999 | 6 | 582 | 6 | 1,126 | Grace (restaurant) | History | L2O.
In the 2015 documentary For Grace, Curtis Duffy and his life journey to the creation of Grace are featured; originally from Ohio, as a teenager Duffy overcame his father’s murder of his mother and subsequent suicide.
As of late 2016, Grace edged out Alinea as Chicago's most expensive restaurant and one of the most costly in the United States.
In December 2017, Curtis Duffy and Michael Muser left Grace after a dispute with restaurant owner Michael Olszewski. Shortly afterward, Olszewski closed the restaurant. |
{"datasets_id": 2166, "wiki_id": "Q5591071", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 248} | 2,166 | Q5591071 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 248 | Grace Contract | Debt | Grace Contract The Grace Contract was an 1886 pact between Peru and British bondholders to retire debts against Peru from bonds issued in 1870 (£7,400,000) and 1872 for £36,800,000. The bondholders formed the Peruvian Corporation in order to fulfill certain obligations as a guarantee to recoup losses from the defaulted bonds. The Grace Contract was not actually formalized until 1890. Debt The Peruvian government was deep in debt after winning independence from Spain and the War of the Pacific. To settle these debts the government had secured several loans, primarily through Dreyfus Frérale and the Guano Syndicate. Loans were secured |
{"datasets_id": 2166, "wiki_id": "Q5591071", "sp": 8, "sc": 248, "ep": 8, "ec": 861} | 2,166 | Q5591071 | 8 | 248 | 8 | 861 | Grace Contract | Debt | in 1865, 1866, 1869, 1870, and 1872. Proceeds from the massive £36,800,000 1872 loan were to be used to retire the 1865 and 1866 loans. There were issues concerning the legality of this loan as the Peruvian government had reportedly authorized President Balta to raise only £9.3 million so the 1866 and 1866 loan repayment was not authorized. The London Stock Exchange Committee intervened and restricted the loan to the amount authorized. In August 1872, Manuel Pardo became president and was a member of the anti-Dreyfus campaign in 1869. From 1872 until 1875 relations between the government and the Syndicate |
{"datasets_id": 2166, "wiki_id": "Q5591071", "sp": 8, "sc": 861, "ep": 20, "ec": 47} | 2,166 | Q5591071 | 8 | 861 | 20 | 47 | Grace Contract | Debt & Terms & Peruvian government & Chilean government | deteriorated and on December 18, 1875, Peru defaulted on bond payments, and normal payments were never resumed. The War of the Pacific made financial concerns even worse and in October, 1889, Peru signed the Grace Contract. Terms The contract included the Peruvian government, the Chilean government, and British bond holders. Peruvian government The Peruvian Corporation agreed to cancel Peru's debt in exchange for £80,000 ($400,000) in annual payments, mining rights, and ownership of the Peruvian rail for 66 years. The corporation also agreed to build 160 kilometers of new railroad. Chilean government The Chilean government agreed to concede to the |
{"datasets_id": 2166, "wiki_id": "Q5591071", "sp": 20, "sc": 47, "ep": 24, "ec": 255} | 2,166 | Q5591071 | 20 | 47 | 24 | 255 | Grace Contract | Chilean government & Other creditors | bondholders the guano deposits of Huanillos, Punta de Lobos, Pabellon de Pica (Caleta Pabellón de Pica), and Lobos de Afuera, give up claim on 80% of guano money held in English banks (£1,000,000), and place a moratorium on Chilean guano sales for four years. The total concessions of the Chilean government amounted to £2,250,000. Other creditors The Grace Contract did not settle the debts of the Guano Syndicate and the leader, Col. J. T. North (d. 1896-05-05) did not live to see repayment. These debts were not even attempted to be settled until an international arbitration tribunal at Lausanne in |
{"datasets_id": 2166, "wiki_id": "Q5591071", "sp": 24, "sc": 255, "ep": 28, "ec": 277} | 2,166 | Q5591071 | 24 | 255 | 28 | 277 | Grace Contract | Other creditors & New era | 1901 and a further payment after a decision at the International Court of Justice at The Hague in 1921. New era Consequently, British financial domination of Peru was confirmed and Peru experienced a new flow of investments that quickened the country's economic recovery. Of importance was the rehabilitation of the railways and their extension to valuable mining centers such as La Oroya. |
{"datasets_id": 2167, "wiki_id": "Q5591122", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 564} | 2,167 | Q5591122 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 564 | Grace Episcopal Church (Jonesville, Michigan) | History | Grace Episcopal Church (Jonesville, Michigan) History In 1833, the Episcopal missionary William N. Lyster left Ireland for the United States, and eventually became the restor of a mission in Tecumseh, Michigan. From there, he traveled throughout southern Michigan to minister to isolated communities; in 1836 he held the first church service in Jonesville. Two years later, a parish was organized by Darius Barker. In 1844, the congregation began constructing this church; it was completed on November 15, 1848, at a cost of $3,000.
In 1946, an old schoolhouse was moved to the site of the church to serve as |
{"datasets_id": 2167, "wiki_id": "Q5591122", "sp": 6, "sc": 564, "ep": 10, "ec": 516} | 2,167 | Q5591122 | 6 | 564 | 10 | 516 | Grace Episcopal Church (Jonesville, Michigan) | History & Description | a parish hall. The church was deconsecrated and sold in 2007, and currently houses a coffee house. Description Grace Episcopal Church is a 1-1/2 story rectangular Greek Revival frame structure covered in clapboard. The building has a single-story projecting entry vestibule, atop which is a square tower which intersects with the main structure. Square pilasters run up each corner of the building, and both the entry projection and the main structure are topped with a gable roof.
Gothic double-arched lancet windows line the sides of the building, providing the building with a somewhat rare mix of Greek Revival and |
{"datasets_id": 2167, "wiki_id": "Q5591122", "sp": 10, "sc": 516, "ep": 10, "ec": 762} | 2,167 | Q5591122 | 10 | 516 | 10 | 762 | Grace Episcopal Church (Jonesville, Michigan) | Description | Gothic styles. Similar single-arched windows are on each side of the entry vestibule.
Black walnut paneling lined the interior, and the pews are constructed of the same wood. A small altar, also of black walnut, is set amongst frescoes. |
{"datasets_id": 2168, "wiki_id": "Q5591998", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 67} | 2,168 | Q5591998 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 67 | Graduate (film) | Plot | Graduate (film) Plot This film is completely youth centric with romance as the backdrop. |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 597} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 597 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Southampton | Graham Baker (footballer) Southampton Born in Southampton, Baker started his football career when he signed for Southampton F.C. as a junior in 1973. His first team debut came on 12 November 1977 in a Second Division match against Blackpool, in which he scored in the opening minute. Baker made only two further appearances that season, in which Southampton were promoted to the First Division.
He was a hard-tackling, hustling type of player who could pass and shoot and was one of the most industrious performers in Southampton's successful quest to re-establish themselves in Division 1. In the 1978–79 season he established |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 6, "sc": 597, "ep": 6, "ec": 1232} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 6 | 597 | 6 | 1,232 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Southampton | himself in the first team, making 22 League appearances in midfield, playing alongside Steve Williams, Alan Ball and Nick Holmes. Although Southampton played in the League Cup final in 1979, Baker only made one substitute appearance during the whole run, with either Trevor Hebberd or Austin Hayes generally being preferred.
Over the next three seasons, he continued to be a regular in Saints' midfield, and in the 1980–81 season he was a virtual ever-present making 39 appearances (scoring 8 goals), now playing alongside Kevin Keegan and Mick Channon, as Saints finished in 6th place in Division 1, then their highest league |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 6, "sc": 1232, "ep": 10, "ec": 240} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 6 | 1,232 | 10 | 240 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Southampton & Manchester City | finish.
During his time at Southampton he was twice capped by England at under-21 level, playing against Norway and Romania in 1980. He made 113 League appearances for Southampton before being sold to John Bond's Manchester City for £350,000 in the 1982 close season, as Lawrie McMenemy needed to raise funds to finance the signing of Peter Shilton. Manchester City Baker's Manchester City career started well; the team won four of their first five games, including a 2–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur in which Baker scored both goals, and City became early league leaders. However, the good form did not last |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 10, "sc": 240, "ep": 10, "ec": 830} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 10 | 240 | 10 | 830 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Manchester City | and the season turned into a struggle in the bottom half of the table, culminating in relegation on the final day of the season.
The 1983–84 season was a reasonably prosperous one for Baker as he scored 8 goals in 36 games, equalling the highest goal scoring return of his career, though Manchester City finished one place short of promotion. Injuries disrupted Baker's next season, in which he made 29 appearances in a promotion winning side. On his return to the top flight, Baker made few appearances – nine in the 1985–86 season and thirteen in 1986–87. In 1987 Manchester City |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 10, "sc": 830, "ep": 14, "ec": 465} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 10 | 830 | 14 | 465 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Manchester City & Return to Southampton | were again relegated, and Baker returned to Southampton on a free transfer, having made 135 Manchester City appearances in five years. Return to Southampton By now, Southampton were under the management of Chris Nicholl, and the "glory days" of McMenemy were becoming a distant memory. At first, Baker was again a first-choice player, making 36 appearances in 1987–88, alongside Jimmy Case, Glenn Cockerill, and Andy Townsend, with the emerging talents of Danny Wallace and Alan Shearer up front. Gradually, however, his career at Southampton was disrupted by injury, and in 1990 he went to Fulham on a free transfer after |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 14, "sc": 465, "ep": 18, "ec": 524} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 14 | 465 | 18 | 524 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Return to Southampton & Managerial and coaching career | losing his place in midfield to Barry Horne. Managerial and coaching career In 1988 Baker was the manager of Locks Heath Dynamos Youth Team. Winning the Portsmouth Lads League two years in a row and the Sperrings Intermediate Cup, Baker drew comparisons to a young Brian Clough. He had a brief spell in 1994 as manager at Petersfield Town and from 1995 to 2003 he was a coach with Carshalton Athletic. In 2005 became Youth Development Officer at Woking, under the management of former Southampton colleague, Glenn Cockerill. Glenn Cockerill departed in March 2007 and Graham Baker was appointed joint |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 18, "sc": 524, "ep": 22, "ec": 170} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 18 | 524 | 22 | 170 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Managerial and coaching career & Personal life | caretaker manager with club captain Neil Smith.
He took over as caretaker manager at Woking on 2 April 2009, following the sacking of Phil Gilchrist. The club's relegation from the Conference National was confirmed on 21 April, while he was in charge. The following day, he was given the job permanently, but Baker left the club on 19 January 2011. Baker was appointed Head of Youth at Aldershot Town in 2011. Personal life After retiring from football he became a driving instructor in Cheam.
He was also a keen cricketer enjoying a spell with local side Old Tenisonians in 90s. He was |
{"datasets_id": 2169, "wiki_id": "Q5592640", "sp": 22, "sc": 170, "ep": 22, "ec": 464} | 2,169 | Q5592640 | 22 | 170 | 22 | 464 | Graham Baker (footballer) | Personal life | Club Captain during his time at the club, his abrasive style showing heavy signs of life in professional sport. He enjoyed moderate success at the club before leaving to concentrate on his football coaching career.
He is married to Erica and has three children, Oliver, Luke and Megan. |
{"datasets_id": 2170, "wiki_id": "Q5594257", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 239} | 2,170 | Q5594257 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 239 | Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Lynn, Massachusetts) | History | Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Lynn, Massachusetts) History The hall was the meeting place of the General Frederick W. Lander Post No. 5, which was one of 210 GAR posts in Massachusetts. It was designed by Wheeler & Northend, Lynn architects.
It is now the Grand Army of the Republic Museum. |
{"datasets_id": 2171, "wiki_id": "Q5595254", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 624} | 2,171 | Q5595254 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 624 | Grand committee | Finland | Grand committee Finland The Grand Committee is a committee of the Parliament of Finland. It has special tasks related to Finland's membership in the European Union. It formulates the opinion of the parliament in questions of EU legislation. (Foreign and security policy is an exception, being handled by the Foreign Affairs Committee.) In addition, the Grand Committee deliberates the Bills that are referred to it after their first reading at a plenary session.
The Grand Committee also debates Bills that are referred to it by the plenary session of the Parliament. This happens very rarely.
The Grand Committee has 25 members and |
{"datasets_id": 2171, "wiki_id": "Q5595254", "sp": 6, "sc": 624, "ep": 10, "ec": 190} | 2,171 | Q5595254 | 6 | 624 | 10 | 190 | Grand committee | Finland & Rhode Island | 13 deputy members. Rhode Island A few of the powers of the Rhode Island Assembly can only be exercised if it meets as a whole, House of Representatives and Senate together, and such a meeting is known as a grand committee. |
{"datasets_id": 2172, "wiki_id": "Q3463911", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 603} | 2,172 | Q3463911 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 603 | Grangetown, North Yorkshire | Geography and history | Grangetown, North Yorkshire Geography and history Grangetown is situated on the eastern outskirts of the borough of Middlesbrough, beyond South Bank between the town and west of the industrial chemical complex at ICI Wilton. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Middlesbrough centre and 4 miles (6.4 km) from Redcar. Although outside of the Middlesbrough authority, it forms part of the Middlesbrough settlement defined by the ONS as the Middlesbrough built-up area sub-division. It was historically part of the ancient wapentake of Langbaurgh West, which along with Langbaurgh East formed the Cleveland area of North Yorkshire, then the parish |
{"datasets_id": 2172, "wiki_id": "Q3463911", "sp": 6, "sc": 603, "ep": 6, "ec": 1223} | 2,172 | Q3463911 | 6 | 603 | 6 | 1,223 | Grangetown, North Yorkshire | Geography and history | and urban district of Eston. Grangetown was brought into Teesside County Borough in 1968; from 1974 to 1996, it formed part of the County of Cleveland, and in 1996 it became part of the Unitary Authority of Redcar and Cleveland, which replaced the district of Langbaurgh-on-Tees. It has a population of approximately 8,000 residents.
The impetus for the development of Grangetown was the discovery of ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1840, and the subsequent development of the iron and steel industry along the riverbanks by Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughan. By 1914, it was community of approximately 5,500 people |
{"datasets_id": 2172, "wiki_id": "Q3463911", "sp": 6, "sc": 1223, "ep": 6, "ec": 1826} | 2,172 | Q3463911 | 6 | 1,223 | 6 | 1,826 | Grangetown, North Yorkshire | Geography and history | with the majority of the houses lying between Bolckow Road and the steel works. There was a market square, shopping centre, boarding school, three pubs, six places of worship, a police station and public bathhouse. Though the inhabitants came from many parts of the country, the community had built up a strong identity and local pride. The majority of men worked in the steel works, but a wide range of skills was represented within the town and a whole cross-section of society lived together in the town.
Grangetown underwent a period of quite rapid expansion between 1914 and 1939. Both the |
{"datasets_id": 2172, "wiki_id": "Q3463911", "sp": 6, "sc": 1826, "ep": 6, "ec": 2442} | 2,172 | Q3463911 | 6 | 1,826 | 6 | 2,442 | Grangetown, North Yorkshire | Geography and history | steel companies and the local council built estates from Bolckow Road to and across the new A1085 Trunk Road. The population in 1939 was approximately 9,000. After the war, council house building was extended and in the 1950s reached Fabian Road.
The modern town has long since moved from its original location. Victorian terraced houses, nestled against the heavy industry along the River Tees have been replaced with the warehouses and depots of lighter industry. Some new houses have been built over the years, but Grangetown has lost the popularity of its heyday of the earlier part of the 20th century. |
{"datasets_id": 2172, "wiki_id": "Q3463911", "sp": 6, "sc": 2442, "ep": 10, "ec": 252} | 2,172 | Q3463911 | 6 | 2,442 | 10 | 252 | Grangetown, North Yorkshire | Geography and history & Politics | The local authority, Redcar and Cleveland Council have embarked on the regeneration project named Greater Eston. Politics Grangetown is part of Redcar constituency and is represented by Labour Member Anna Turley in the House of Commons.
It is part of the North East England European Parliament constituency, where it is represented by two Labour MEPs and a UKIP MEP. |
{"datasets_id": 2173, "wiki_id": "Q496622", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 365} | 2,173 | Q496622 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 365 | Granite County, Montana | Geography & 2000 census | Granite County, Montana Geography According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,733 square miles (4,490 km²), of which 1,727 square miles (4,470 km²) is land and 5.6 square miles (15 km²) (0.3%) is water. 2000 census As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 2,830 people, 1,200 households, and 784 families residing in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (1/km²). There were 2,074 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.25% White, 1.27% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.04% Pacific |
{"datasets_id": 2173, "wiki_id": "Q496622", "sp": 10, "sc": 365, "ep": 10, "ec": 971} | 2,173 | Q496622 | 10 | 365 | 10 | 971 | Granite County, Montana | 2000 census | Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. 1.27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 17.8% were of German, 13.5% English, 13.1% Irish, 8.3% American and 7.2% Norwegian ancestry.
There were 1,200 households out of which 27.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.70% were married couples living together, 7.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.60% were non-families. 30.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household |
{"datasets_id": 2173, "wiki_id": "Q496622", "sp": 10, "sc": 971, "ep": 10, "ec": 1524} | 2,173 | Q496622 | 10 | 971 | 10 | 1,524 | Granite County, Montana | 2000 census | size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.91.
The county population contained 24.20% under the age of 18, 5.70% from 18 to 24, 23.30% from 25 to 44, 30.80% from 45 to 64, and 15.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 105.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.60 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $27,813, and the median income for a family was $33,485. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $17,961 for females. |
{"datasets_id": 2173, "wiki_id": "Q496622", "sp": 10, "sc": 1524, "ep": 14, "ec": 364} | 2,173 | Q496622 | 10 | 1,524 | 14 | 364 | Granite County, Montana | 2000 census & 2010 census | The per capita income for the county was $16,636. About 13.90% of families and 16.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.20% of those under age 18 and 8.50% of those age 65 or over. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,079 people, 1,417 households, and 911 families residing in the county. The population density was 1.8 inhabitants per square mile (0.69/km²). There were 2,822 housing units at an average density of 1.6 per square mile (0.62/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.5% white, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% black or |
{"datasets_id": 2173, "wiki_id": "Q496622", "sp": 14, "sc": 364, "ep": 14, "ec": 981} | 2,173 | Q496622 | 14 | 364 | 14 | 981 | Granite County, Montana | 2010 census | African American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 26.2% were German, 20.2% were Irish, 18.8% were English, 13.5% were Norwegian, and 7.9% were American.
Of the 1,417 households, 19.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.7% were non-families, and 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was |
{"datasets_id": 2173, "wiki_id": "Q496622", "sp": 14, "sc": 981, "ep": 14, "ec": 1401} | 2,173 | Q496622 | 14 | 981 | 14 | 1,401 | Granite County, Montana | 2010 census | 2.63. The median age was 52.1 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,052 and the median income for a family was $47,685. Males had a median income of $41,307 versus $23,958 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,222. About 7.5% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. |
{"datasets_id": 2174, "wiki_id": "Q5596243", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 576} | 2,174 | Q5596243 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 576 | Grant Hall (Queen's University) | Grant Hall (Queen's University) Grant Hall is a landmark on the campus of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. It is located on University Avenue, just north of Bader Lane.
Funds for its construction were raised by the Queen's student government to honour the legacy of then-Principal George Munro Grant. It has been used as a symbol of the university. Many ceremonial events, plays, and concerts take place in Grant Hall. As it is mainly a convocation hall, classes rarely take place within its walls, although it is used for exams.
For a time during World War I it was also used |
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