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Jeevana Jyothi (1988 film)
Plot
them live very happily, Nirmala gives birth to a baby girl, Kalyani fosters the baby with a lot of love & affection. But unfortunately, the situations change when Nirmala's mother Durgamma (Jaya Vijaya) a shrew, enters and creates differences between Kalyani & Nirmala, which makes Kalyani leave the house. Akbar & Noorjahan also accompanies her and they leave that city. Years roll by, Sridhar's daughter marriage is fixed. Knowing it, Kalyani wants to go back, but her health deteriorates, yet, she moves. During the time of marriage, Sridhar is bankrupted and is not able to give the dowry. At that
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Jeevana Jyothi (1988 film)
Plot
time, Kalyani arrives, performs the marriage by giving her diamond wedding chain gifted by her husband. Finally, Kalyani departs in Sridhar's lap when Akbar performs her last rites.
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Jeff Blackett
Early life & Military career
Jeff Blackett Jeffrey Blackett (born 20 May 1955) is a British judge and former Royal Navy officer in the rank of Commodore. He is the Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces and among the cases over which he presided was that of "Marine A". He is the chief disciplinary officer at the Rugby Football Union and conducted an investigation into the Bloodgate scandal. He has been a Senior Circuit Judge since 2005. Early life Blackett was born on 20 May 1955. He read law at University College London. In 1983, he was called to the bar. Military career
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Jeff Blackett
Military career & Judiciary career
Blackett was promoted to lieutenant on 1 September 1978 with seniority from 1 June 1978. He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 June 1986, and to commander on 30 June 1991. On 30 June 1998, he was promoted to captain. Having been an acting commodore, on 1 July 2003 he was promoted to commodore. His final appointment was as Director of Naval Legal Services. He retired from the Royal Navy on 1 November 2004. Judiciary career On 2 February 2001, Blackett was appointed a Recorder, thereby becoming a part-time Circuit Judge. On 28 October 2004, he was promoted to full-time
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Jeff Blackett
Judiciary career
Circuit Judge. On 1 November 2004, he was appointed Judge Advocate General. He was the Court Martial Judge in the Sgt Blackman trial which was criticized by the Criminal Cases Review Commission. He was elected a Bencher of Gray's Inn in July 2008. In 2010, he became an honorary Professor of law at the University of Nottingham.
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Jeff Greenberg
Jeff Greenberg Jeff Greenberg is a social psychology professor at the University of Arizona. He is notable for coining the concept of Terror Management Theory, with two of his colleagues, Sheldon Solomon and Tom Pyszczynski. Jeff Greenberg is also featured in the 2003 documentary Flight From Death, a film that investigates the relationship of human violence to fear of death, as related to subconscious influences.
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Jeff Tyzik
Education & Early career
Jeff Tyzik Education Tyzik, born in Hyde Park, New York, started playing cornet at age 9, after being inspired by the buglers in an Independence Day parade in nearby Poughkeepsie. He switched to trumpet at age 11. He attended the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, earning Bachelor of Music (1973) and Master of Music (1977) degrees. Early career While at Eastman, Tyzik met Chuck Mangione, a flugelhornist from Rochester who was teaching at the school. He worked with Mangione between 1973 and 1980 as lead trumpeter in Mangione's band and as co-producer of four albums. Tyzik also began to
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Jeff Tyzik
Early career
collaborate with Doc Severinsen, when Severinsen brought him to London to work on two albums with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. Tyzik recorded six albums as a solo trumpeter between 1981 and 1990, appearing on Capitol, Polydor, and Amherst Records. He performed in Rochester with his big band in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He worked as arranger and record producer for Severinsen and The Tonight Show Band. Tyzik won a Grammy Award in 1987 for producing the 1986 album The Tonight Show Band with Doc Severinsen. Tyzik has arranged music and produced records for Maynard Ferguson and for the Woody
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Jeff Tyzik
Early career & With the Rochester Philharmonic
Herman Orchestra. With the Rochester Philharmonic The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra approached Tyzik and Allen Vizzutti (a friend of Tyzik's from Eastman) in 1983 about creating a pops program for the orchestra. The pair spent the next decade working with orchestras around the country on similar programs. In 1994, Tyzik was named Principal Pops Conductor of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. He has also conducted the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, and the Brass Band of Battle Creek. He is the Principal Pops Conductor of the Oregon Symphony, Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, The Florida Orchestra, Detroit Symphony Orchestra and the Seattle Symphony. Publisher G.
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Jeff Tyzik
With the Rochester Philharmonic
Schirmer commissioned Tyzik to arrange some of Duke Ellington's jazz suites for orchestra, including Black, Brown and Beige and The Nutcracker Suite. The Royal Philharmonic, the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra, and the Summit Brass have recorded music arranged or composed by Tyzik. He premiered his Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra his wind ensemble orchestration of the same piece with the Eastman Wind Ensemble at Carnegie Hall. A recording by the RPO, with Tyzik conducting George Gershwin's Piano Concerto in F, Rhapsody in Blue, and Cuban Overture, peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard magazine classical chart. The album was released on May
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Jeff Tyzik
With the Rochester Philharmonic
8, 2007 by Harmonia Mundi.
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Jefferson County, Florida paleontological sites
Age & Sites
Jefferson County, Florida paleontological sites The Jefferson County, Florida paleontological sites are assemblages of Mid-Miocene to Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Jefferson County, Florida, United States. Age Era: Neogene Period: Miocene to Pleistocene, ~23.03 Mya—11,000 years ago. (calculates to a period of approximately 22.92 million years). Faunal stage: Clarendonian through early Rancholabrean Sites Ashville site (Miocene) Time period: ~13.5—12.7 Mya. Aucilla River site (Pleistocene) Time period: ~126,000—11,000 years ago. The Aucilla site specimens were discovered by amateur paleontologist Dr. Richard Ohmes of Bremerton, Washington in 1969. Coordinates: 30.1°N 83.9°W Wacissa River site (Pleistocene) Time period: ~126,000—11,000 years ago. Collected by R. Alexon, B. Mathen, R. Gingery
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Jefferson County, Florida paleontological sites
Sites
in October 1981; in shallow water. Specimens reposited in the Florida Museum of Natural History. Coordinates: 30.4°N 83.9°W Ashland site = ASH. Aucilla River site = ARS. Wacissa River site = WRS.
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Jeffery Hale
Biography
Jeffery Hale Biography The son of Elizabeth Frances Amherst and John Hale, he was born in Quebec City and was educated in England. Hale served in the Royal Navy from the age of 14 until he was 24, when he returned to Lower Canada to assist his father, who was suffering from poor health, as receiver general for the province. Although Hale temporarily replaced his father, he did not secure the post of receiver general after his father died. He became involved in various charitable organizations and Anglican religious societies. In 1833, he established the first English Sunday school at
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Jeffery Hale
Biography
Quebec City. Hale was a director of the British and Canadian School Society of the District of Quebec and he also provided funds for the establishment and maintenance of other schools. He was a founder of the Quebec Provident and Savings Bank, and also aided in the founding of Mount Hermon Cemetery in Sillery. Hale died in England at Tunbridge Wells in Kent at the age of 61 and he is buried in Woodbury Park Cemetery. In his will, he provided funds for the establishment of a hospital, the Jeffrey Hale - St Brigid's Hospital.
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Jeffrey Gusky
Medical career & The Hidden World of World War I
Jeffrey Gusky Medical career Gusky is a 1982 graduate of the University of Washington School of Medicine, where he was inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society. As a rural emergency physician and instrument-rated pilot, he has often flown to medically underserved areas across Texas and Oklahoma to provide last-minute physician staffing of rural emergency rooms. In 2009, Gusky was designated a Fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians. The Hidden World of World War I Dr. Gusky obtained exclusive access to dozens of former World War I underground cities found beneath privately owned farms in the
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Jeffrey Gusky
The Hidden World of World War I
French countryside, located in centuries-old rock quarries from which the stone used to build castles, cathedrals and homes was mined. At the beginning of the war, these often vast subterranean spaces were converted to modern underground cities, by armies on both sides, using the technologies of the day: railways, electrical power plants, telephone networks, hospitals, food and water systems, theaters, chapels, housing and offices. Gusky estimates that tens of thousands of soldiers lived underground at any given time throughout the war. Many left their mark by carving evocative stone sculptures and leaving hand-written inscriptions on stone as they wanted someone to
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Jeffrey Gusky
The Hidden World of World War I & Silent Places
know that they once lived and that their lives mattered. The underground cities "provided soldiers shelter from the horrors of war on the surface." In 2015, LensCulture Magazine described the link between Gusky's mission as an explorer and his mission as an emergency physician, "Gusky forms intimate bonds with complete strangers, helping to guide patients and their families on a journey through darkness to light and always towards hope." Gusky's work as an emergency physician is grounded in helping patients circumvent immediate danger. In 2017, Gusky hosted The Smithsonian Channel television documentary, Americans Underground: Secret City of WWI. Silent Places Silent
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Jeffrey Gusky
Silent Places
Places: Landscapes of Jewish Life and Loss in Eastern Europe, was authored by Jeffery Gusky and published by Overlook Duckworth in 2003. In 1995, Gusky visited Poland for the first time. His goal was to learn more about what Judaism meant to him. At the site of the former Plaszow Nazi concentration camp (depicted in Schindler's List), located just outside Cracow, Poland, Gusky found an original remnant of the camp that had been largely forgotten, even by local residents. Gusky has stated that in this place “It was as if an intuitive switch flipped on inside me, and it has
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Jeffrey Gusky
Silent Places & Bordertown
remained on ever since.” Released in 2003, Silent Places: Landscapes of Jewish Life and Loss in Eastern Europe was Gusky’s first book of photography. The book documents the modern remains of the destroyed civilization of Eastern European Jewry. According to Gusky, "His work as a physician is integrally related to his work as an explorer and photographer." Bordertown Bordertown: The Odyssey of an American Place, was co-authored with Benjamin Heber Johnson and published by Yale University Press in 2008. According to the Dallas Observer, Bordertown contributes to a "larger mosaic about American identity". A selection of Gusky's photographs of Roma, Texas
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Jeffrey Gusky
Bordertown & Turtle Creek
were reproduced as an online slide show in the Dallas Observer. Turtle Creek In 2008, Gusky conceived and implemented a public arts project for the Turtle Creek Association titled: Reimagining Dallas, an intimate walk along Turtle Creek.
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Jeffrey McClanahan
Personal life
Jeffrey McClanahan Personal life McClanahan “grew up in West Texas during the great oil boom. Pam has always had a zany sense of humor, and Jeffrey has always had a dry wit. Surrounded by cowboys and steeped in country-western music, when they can stop laughing long enough, they work together creating hilarity on paper.” Jeffery lives with her husband, in “a small town not far from Fort Worth,” Texas and worked as “both a real estate professional and a retailer for most of her adult life, also professions that beg for a sense of humor.” Cumbie asserts that McClanahan “loves books…like I
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Jeffrey McClanahan
Personal life & Writing process & Critical reception and awards
love earrings and anything liquid that contains liquor. Her home looks like a library. She writes beautiful prose and steamy sex, and then I come along and junk it up with trash." Writing process Glenn Dromgoole writes that “Cumbie makes up the stories and characters…then McClanahan edits and rewrites.” Cumbie explains that the sisters send pages back and forth between them as they work on a novel. Critical reception and awards Affaire de Coeur, Medwest Book Review, All About Romance, and Romance Reade at Heart, for example, have all praised Salvation, Texas, calling it "A first-class Romantic suspense
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Jeffrey McClanahan
Critical reception and awards
tale," a "fine thriller," "a treat to read a good book set in Texas that really felt authentic," and "A good solid read, with great characters and a fast paced plot," respectively. Another reviewer, declared, "This book is like “Dallas” crossed with a police procedural. We’ve got wealth, we’ve got crime, we’ve got greed and we’ve got hot sex. And all the men wear cowboy hats. I like view of small town Texas life where everybody knows just about everything about each other and everybody lives for Friday night high school football and weekend rodeos." Marilyn Weigel writes,
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Jeffrey McClanahan
Critical reception and awards
"Readers, however, will delight in the scene-setting descriptions, where the prose is especially vivid and enjoyable." One other reviewer graded the book as a B+. Sweet Water by Anna Jeffrey won a number of awards, including Golden Quill Contest Finalist, Single Title Contemporary, 2007; More Than Magic Contest Finalist, Romance Writers Ink, Single Title Contemporary, 2007; Desert Rose Finalist, Single Title Contemporary, 2007; and Write Touch Readers Award Winner, Single Title Contemporary, 2007. Sweet Return won a similar number of awards, including Award of Excellence Contest Finalist, Colorado Romance Writers, Single Title Contemporary, 2008; Gayle Wilson Award of Excellence
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Jeffrey McClanahan
Critical reception and awards
Contest Finalist, Single Title Contemporary, 2008; More Than Magic Contest Winner, Romance Writers Ink, Single Title Contemporary, 2008; and Aspen Gold Winner, Single Title Contemporary, 2008.
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Jenni Falconer
Early life & Television
Jenni Falconer Early life Falconer spent her formative years in Bishopbriggs and Milngavie, two towns on the outskirts of Glasgow. After her family relocated to the South of England when she was seven, she was educated at the independent Abbey School and attended the University of Leeds in 1994 to study Spanish and Italian with minors in Latin, Geography and Management Studies. Whilst studying at university, she also launched her television career. She was offered a contract by ITV to make a documentary and a consumer show on the proviso that she left her studies. Television Falconer made her television
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Jenni Falconer
Television
debut in 1994 as a contestant on Blind Date, and later presented BBC Scotland's Big Country, ITV's documentary series 3D and consumer show We Can Work It Out alongside Judy Finnigan and Jane Harvey. She hosted travel shows, Holiday and How to Holiday. She was the main co-host of Entertainment Today from its launch in 2000 until its end in July 2008 on GMTV. Falconer's other work includes reporting on I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! in Australia for GMTV in 2003, 2004 and 2006, hosting The National Lottery Draws in September 2006 and hosting Cirque
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Jenni Falconer
Television
de Celebrité in October 2007. She also worked on a show about 24 for Sky1 24 in 24 which she suggested in the first place so she could meet Kiefer Sutherland. In 2006, Falconer won the Sport Relief showjumping competition Only Fools on Horses riding an 8-year old 16 hands mare called J-Lo. She hosted three series of Fantasy Homes By the Sea, which was broadcast around the world. In 2009, Falconer was the host of the daytime quiz show Wordplay on Channel 5 (previously called Brainteaser). Between 17 and 21 August 2009, Falconer was a guest presenter on STV's The Hour,
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Jenni Falconer
Television & Radio
with main anchor Stephen Jardine. Falconer currently works as a travel reporter for This Morning. She also guest presented the show during Holly Willoughby's maternity leave from May to July 2011, sharing duties with Ruth Langsford and returned in 2013. Falconer is also an occasional stand-in presenter in This Morning's interactive "hub". In January 2013, Falconer participated in the first series of the ITV's diving show Splash!, but was voted off by the judges. In August 2015, Falconer guest presented five episodes of Lorraine, standing in for regular host Lorraine Kelly. Radio On 14 March 2013, Global Radio announced that Falconer would
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Jenni Falconer
Radio & Other work
join Heart to host the Sunday morning show from 6 am to 8 am, replacing Jason Donovan who took a break from the network to tour in the musical Priscilla: Queen of the Desert. She has since also presented the 4 – 6 am Early Breakfast slot during the weekdays, known as 4 O'Clock Club. Later, her Sunday show was expanded by an hour, now finishing at 9 am. In June 2019, her early breakfast show was extended 4-6:30am. As a result, she decided to step down from her Sunday show. Other work In June 2009, Falconer was unveiled as the face and body of Adore Moi
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Jenni Falconer
Other work & Personal life
underwear range by Ultimo. Falconer has also posed for photographs in Arena Magazine and FHM. In 2016, she starred in the Very television advertisements. Personal life Falconer married James Midgley at Babington House in June 2010. She gave birth to a daughter, Ella, in 2011. Since 2002, Falconer has been a celebrity patron of the charity Breast Cancer 2000. In 2012, Falconer took part in the London Marathon, raising money for CLIC Sargent. She finished with a time of 3 hours and 53 minutes. In the following two years, Falconer took part in the London Marathon, where she raised money for The
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Jenni Falconer
Personal life
Children's Trust charity. In 2014, she completed the marathon in 3 hours and 57 minutes. Falconer took part in the 2015 London Marathon, raising money for Cancer Research UK.
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Jenny Gardiner
Early years & National Party political activity
Jenny Gardiner Early years Gardiner was born in Penola, South Australia. She attended primary school in Victoria. Her secondary education was undertaken in Victoria and then in New South Wales. After leaving school, she obtained a Bachelor of Business through the Mitchell College of Advanced Education in Bathurst, New South Wales, now part of Charles Sturt University. National Party political activity Gardiner commenced her working life as a junior clerk working in a legal office in Tamworth where she played an active role in the Young Australian Country Party – NSW (YACP – NSW) – the NSW youth branch of the Party now
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Jenny Gardiner
National Party political activity
known as the Young Nationals. Gardiner worked her way up to become State Secretary of the YACP – NSW and was elected as a delegate to the Central Council of the Australian Country Party – NSW in the mid-1970s. Gardiner moved to Sydney and began work at the New South Wales headquarters of the then Australian Country Party as a research officer working under the leadership of Colonel Bill Ford OBE, general secretary and then as Executive Officer to Charles Blunt, general secretary. She was eventually to become the General Secretary of the NSW Branch of the National Party of Australia
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Jenny Gardiner
National Party political activity
between 1984 and 1991 and the first woman to hold that position. During her term as General Secretary of the NSW National Party, at the request of the National Party Federal Leader, Doug Anthony, Gardiner undertook an analysis of the implications of a Hawke Labor Government proposal in 1984 to increase the number of Members in the Australian House of Representatives. The Opposition Coalition was formally opposed to the proposal. Gardnier's analysis indicated that the National Party could benefit from an expanded House and National Party Senators crossed the floor to vote with Labor in support of the motion. Gardiner was
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Jenny Gardiner
National Party political activity
also influential in persuading the Liberal Party to avoid three-cornered contests in country NSW seats. During the failed 1987 Joh for Canberra campaign to install Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen as Prime Minister, in a highly unusual move for a paid party official, Gardiner issued a media release critical of the Queensland National Party. Gardiner was general secretary when the NSW National Party achieved its most successful post-WWII outcome at the NSW general elections held on 19 March 1988 when the party won 20 out of 26 seats contested in the Legislative Assembly that swept the Unsworth Labor Government from office. In an unpublished
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Jenny Gardiner
National Party political activity
manuscript, Gardiner has written about the history of the NSW Young Nationals.
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Jenny Haniver
Name & History
Jenny Haniver A Jenny Haniver is the carcass of a ray or a skate that has been modified by hand then dried, resulting in a mummified specimen intended to resemble a fanciful fictional creature, such as a demon or dragon. Name One suggestion for the origin of the term was the French phrase jeune d'Anvers ("youth of Antwerp"). British sailors "cockneyed" this description into the personal name "Jenny Hanvers". They are also widely known as "Jenny Haviers". History Jenny Hanivers have been created to look like devils, angels and dragons. Some writers have suggested the sea monk may have
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Jenny Haniver
History
been a Jenny Haniver. The earliest known picture of Jenny Haniver appeared in Konrad Gesner's Historia Animalium vol. IV in 1558. Gesner warned that these were merely disfigured rays and should not be believed to be miniature dragons or monsters, which was a popular misconception at the time. The most common misconception was that Jenny Hanivers were basilisks. As basilisks were creatures that killed with merely a glance, no one could claim to know what one looks like. For this reason it was easy to pass off Jenny Hanivers as these creatures, which were still widely feared in the 16th century. In Veracruz,
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Jenny Haniver
History
Jenny Hanivers are considered to have magical powers and are employed by curanderos in their rituals. This tradition is similar to one in Japan, where fake taxidermy ningyo (similar to Fiji mermaids) were produced and kept in temples.
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Jeppe High School for Girls
History
Jeppe High School for Girls History The predecessor of the Jeppe Schools, was St. Michael's College. This was an Anglican private school on the corner of Commissioner and Crowns Street in Fairview. The initial number of learners when the school opened was 25. The headmaster of the school was Rev. H B Sidwell. His successor was Rev. George Perry, in 1891. The buildings of the college and the site on which its grounds lay were bought by the Witwatersrand Council for education, in 1896, as the school was struggling to function. The school was re-opened, in April 1897, by the council
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Jeppe High School for Girls
History
as Jeppestown Grammar School. 15 boys enrolled into the school and the first headmaster of the school was Mr. H Hardwick. However, financial issues of the school forced the council to reduce its disbursement. As a result, Mr. Hardwick and the rest of the schools staff were given notice. On 1 October 1898, a group of Jeppestown parents bought the school from the council for £2,500. The staff had been replaced, but Mr. Hardwick remained the headmaster of the school. In 1899, the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War forced the school to close down as the number of students slowly decreased.
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History
Mr. Harwick left in 1899, in September. The school re-opened, after the war, as Jeppestown High School for Girls and Boys. It was opened in the same building of the Grammar School, and was one of the first co-educational schools, opened by the Transvaal Education Department (T.E.D). The precise date of the re-opening is unknown. it is believed to be during the first quarter of the year 1902, as a letter sent to the Department of education by the school about the teachers being unwilling to teach under the conditions of the unfinished building as well as there not being enough
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History
space for the number of children, was sent on 9 April of that year. The Parents' Committee experienced financial hardships at the same time of the school's construction. In September 1902, the Education Department was presented with an ultimatum, which stated that either they purchase the premises or vacate it, by October that year. The Public Works Department advised for. Purchase to be made, until a new school building could be constructed. The new headmaster of the school, in 1902, was Mr. C D Hope. He remained headmaster until he left in 1904. He was succeeded by Mr. J H Payne, who
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Jeppe High School for Girls
History
became a staff member in 1902 and remained headmaster until his death, in 1917, during his service in the First World War. Mr. Payne acquired the building that the Jeppe Boys students currently occupy. By 1912 the new school's grounds were not sufficient enough for the accumulating number of pupils at the school. Due to the boys out-numbering the girls, and pressure from the Governing Body of the school, who were against the co-educational system of the school, it was decided that the girls would be moved to other premises. Miss E L Cummins, the first headmistress of a Jeppe High School
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Jeppe High School for Girls
History
for Girls, joined the schools staff in 1904. She and Mr. Payne worked together on the planning of the new building. Mr. Payne did not live to see the construction of the building nor the separation of the boys from the girls. file after being housed by Fairview Primary school for the first six months of 1919, the Jeppe Girls moved into their new school building. It was intended that the girls of the school would be boarders. Three plans of the school buildings included hostels, but these plans were never used. In 1957, a new building was built on the east block
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Jeppe High School for Girls
History
which provided laboratories, geography and art rooms. In 1984-1986 new buildings were constructed south of the main buildings. These buildings provided additional laboratories and classrooms. The main building of the school was also renovated to provide a bigger library, six music classrooms and an audio-visual room. The authorities were prevented from giving the school all the financial aid that was promised, due to financial stringency. Therefore, the school used R180 000 from its own account to add to the new school block, and change a section of the new block into secretarial offices. In 1991, a vote was taken by the
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Jeppe High School for Girls
History & Buildings and Facilities
parents of students at the school to allow girls of all races to attend the school. In this year Ms. Thompson was headmistress, and implemented this change in the third term of the school year. Buildings and Facilities The school is built from red brick, unlike the boys' school which is made from stone, to save money due to the war. Due to the war and a flu outbreak, a ceremony was not held for the laying of the foundation. The east wing was built up to a third story due to an increasing number of enrolments. In 1956, the
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Buildings and Facilities
far east wing was completed which included science laboratories and an art room. Prefab classrooms were used during the enlargement of the hall and no Flower Show was held that year due to construction in the hall. When the hall was completed in 1959, a Japanese Maple floor was added along with gold velvet curtains. The west quad includes two prefabs used for the Housecraft Centre. The locker system was started in 1999 and followed the instalment of payphones and longer tuck-shop hours. Jeppe Girls' facilities include a media centre, with a library which holds about 2000 books, computer centre, and music
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Buildings and Facilities
centre. The sports facilities are located on the lower grounds across the road from the school. These include: 6 tennis courts, 5 netball courts, 2 hockey/soccer fields, a cricket pitch and 2 volleyball courts. A new building was completed in 1987 to accommodate the growing number of pupils at the school and includes an extra 3 science laboratories. The new building is located behind the main building of the school. Hostel The Ross Arden Hostel was established in 1921 in Somerset Road with Miss Edwards as the Housemistress and assisted by Miss Smallman. The hostel could accommodate 33 girls when it was extended with
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Buildings and Facilities & Swimming pool history
a new wing in 1927. It moved to Roberts Avenue in 1933. When the hostel celebrated 20 years since its establishment, weekly boarders would be taken from 1942. The school made a donation to the Hope Home when the weekly boarders settled in. The hostel changed to strictly weekly boarders and no full-time boarders in 1945. Ross Arden Hostel closed in 1946 after 25 years when Miss Edwards decided to retire. The hostel was originally a temporary measure until two boarding houses were built on the lower sports grounds by the Education Department but these plans never materialised. Swimming pool
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Swimming pool history
history In 1927, construction of the swimming bath began. The Government had brought in two dowsers to locate water so that water could be provided by sinking a borehole. 13 December 1929 saw the opening of the first swimming bath. The Seating around the pool was constructed in 1984, which is still present today. The swimming pool, 25m in length, is located on the school's main grounds. The pool is now inhabited by the pupils at the school during physical education lessons and during the swimming galas. The Jeppe Girls swimming pool is home to its very own swimming
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Swimming pool history & Academics & Research Techniques
team coached by staff members. The team takes part in numerous events swum at home and away. Academics Jeppe Girls and Jeppe Boys were both pilot schools to write IEB exams which was allowed by the GDE Jeppe Girls has achieved a Matric pass rate of 100% for the 21st year in a row (in 2014). Research Techniques This subject was introduced when a member of the staff realised how greatly needed it was. Research techniques is one of the mandatory subjects at the Girls' school which equips the girls with essay writing skills, research skills, computer literacy as well
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Research Techniques & Scholarships & Ruth First Scholarship
as referencing skills. This subject equips the girls with skills needed for university and so this is an advantage to the girls. Scholarships The Quondam Club was formed in 1907 by Jeppe Old Girls as a means to stay in contact. It was these Old Girls who made the first Scholarship or Bursary Fund for Jeppe High School. Jeppe Girls is one of the schools partnered with SSP (Student Sponsorship Programme). The school is also partnered with the Old Mutual programme. Ruth First Scholarship Honoring Ruth First, a prominent political activist in South Africa and a former student at the school,
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Ruth First Scholarship
was an idea first thought of in 2008. This idea became a reality with the launch of The Ruth First Jeppe High School for Girls Memorial Trust in 2010 on 27 October. With the launch of the Ruth First Trust, ABSA donated R100K. There were four initial recipients of the trust for 2011. This number has since increased to 10, in the year 2015. There are currently 50 recipients in the Trust. Patron Justice Albie Sachs, who was a close friend of First's, is the Patron of the Trust. Manager Kevin Tait, a former Headmaster of Jeppe High School for Boys, Vice Rector
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Ruth First Scholarship & School song & Tradition
of the Johannesburg College of Education, as well as Secretary of the Jeppe Schools' Trust is the Manager of the Ruth First Memorial Trust. School song Of Jeppe Girls' High School. The school song was written in 1927 by Headmistress Miss Dorothy Mackenzie, and was composed by Miss Smallman. It was sung for the first time in 1940 when Jeppe High School for girls celebrated its 21st birthday. Tradition The school is known for its ongoing service to the school and community. The first tradition at the school was started when girls would donate eggs to the local Aged Women's Home
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Tradition
every Friday. The girls also planned a tea for the Fairview Home. Donations to the War Memorial Fund were made by old girls to erect the War Memorial at the Boys' school. In 1946, a tradition of placing a fresh bowl of flowers on the Headmistress's table everyday was started by the Garden Club. A carol service to be held at the end of each year in November was created in 1970. This includes a dual performance by the Jeppe High School for Girls choir and students of Jeppe Girls who volunteer to be included in tableaux of the nativity
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Tradition
play. These volunteers earn community service hours from their participation during the carol service. Flower Show The annual Flower Show, held in February, was started in 1929 and has grown extensively to this present date. The first prizes awarded were packets of seeds. Flowers were auctioned or donated to the Star Seaside Fund after the show. The flowers are now donated to hospitals and homes by the school. The Flower Show awarded the Bernard bullock cup for best arrangement, the Isabel Ritchie cup for Home Gardening and the Human Gardening cup in 1950. "1956 included an educational addition to the Flower Show
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Tradition
was introduced with a new inter-house competition. Marks were awarded for the decoration of tables for the House parties... We came to understand the finer points of table arrangement and interest grew with each successive House gathering.", 0 Each girl in the school is encouraged to enter as many of the categories as possible. The juniors (Grade 8 & 9) and seniors (Grade 10-12) take part in different categories which take on various themes each year. A main category for the juniors is the Magnificent Monsters which are made out of fruit and vegetables. Judges include people who are connected to
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Tradition
the school and those in the flower and garden business. Points are awarded to girls and are counted for their houses. Houses To celebrate Jeppe Girls becoming its own unit, the houses were named after flowers when the school opened in 1919 - Crassula (red), Disa (emerald green), Nerine (gold), Gerbera (pink), Harveya (orange), and Protea (royal blue). Two extra houses - Erica and Morae - were added in 1945 due to the increasing number of enrolment and to stabilise the quality of discipline and personal involvement, but had then returned to six houses in 1960 due to problems faced when participating
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Tradition
in joint galas with the boys' school. The houses were also reversed to six due to a problem with lanes in swimming and athletics and has remained unchanged ever since. Uniform [The uniform is split into summer, winter and sports uniform accordingly. It is required for the girls to wear their blazer at all times regardless of the season change. The uniform is a part of the Jeppe Girls' tradition] Motto and Badge The badge consists of black and white waves with a gold bar in the middle. this represents the gold ore found in the Witwatersrand. The motto 'Forti Nihil Difficilius' meaning 'nothing is
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Tradition & Quondam Club
too difficult for the brave' or 'For the brave, nothing is too difficult' in Latin and was adopted in 1911. Quondam Club The Jeppe Old Girls' Association is known as the Quondam Club (Latin for 'formerly' or 'once upon a time') and was established in 1907. A large piece of land was bought in Bedfordview for the new clubhouse. The project to build the clubhouse, in 1945, costed 15 000 pounds to include a hall, dressing rooms, secretary's office and a verandah with a view of the cricket oval. By 1947, the Quondam had 6 hockey fields and began to construct
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Jeppe High School for Girls
Quondam Club & Mother's Association
a recreational swimming pool. An Autumn Fair was held in 1949 and raised 3 000 pounds towards the construction of the clubhouse. The new headquarters of the clubhouse were opened on 24 September 1950. Jeppe Quondam Club consisted of a Drama Society, Hockey, Tennis, and Swimming section including Waterpolo as well as a Cricket section started by the Old Girls. The Old Girls also had an annual reunion. Mother's Association The Mother's Association has played a prominent part in the development of the school till today. The association was started in 1928 and many contributions have been made over the years. The
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Mother's Association
MA put together a cook book to raise funds in 1947 followed by a 'Polio Fete' in 1949. In 1958, they donated lockers to the school for the girls' books and possessions. They later donated R1000 in 1966 to help extend the swimming pool. 1970 saw the MA organise a mini walk and two dances. The main fundraiser for the year was to build a tea pavilion on the lower grounds. In 1975, R2000 was donated to upgrade fences around the tennis courts and 5 bursaries were granted. Flower pots and plants were bought for the entrance and courtyard to
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Mother's Association
the school. A discothèque was also used for the first time at the MA dance. R2000 was used to improve the tennis court surfaces in 1979 and a similar amount was used to purchase new curtains for the hall. The Mother's Association is now known as the Parent's Association.
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Jerri Winters
Jerri Winters Jerri Winters is an American jazz singer. She worked with Stan Kenton's orchestra from 15 February until 15 June 1952, recording several titles for Capitol Records, including "Adios," "All Because of You," and "She's a Comely Wench." Winters released several solo records, including 1955's Winter's Here on Fraternity Records (the first recording to be released by that label), 1957's Somebody Loves Me on Bethlehem Records, and 1962's Winters Again released on Charlie Parker Records.
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Jerry (Grand National winner)
Jerry (Grand National winner) Jerry was a racehorse. He won the 1840 Grand National, defeating twelve rivals. He was ridden by Bartholomew Bretherton, trained by George Dockeray and owned by Henry Villebois.
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Jerry Wanker
Jerry Wanker Jean-Pierre Poirier (F-Paris Sept-11, 1956 - B-Brussels July 2000, also known as Jerry Wanker and Jerry WX) was a guitarist from Brussels, Belgium who played in several punk rock bands. Poirier started out with Chainsaw (the first punk band in Brussels and the French-speaking part of Belgium) together with Micky Mike (aka Snowy Red). After only one 7", Chainsaw called it quits and Jerry moved on for a short stint in X-Pulsion with the Klang-brothers (one split seven inch record with Streets). His next step moved away from punk, with Digital Dance together with Streets keyboard player Jean-Marc Lederman (best
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Jerry Wanker
known for his work in The Weathermen). After Digital Dance, he went into different side projects (with ex-Digital Dancers Stephan Barbery and TVIC), to finally find his ultimate love in the garage rock band The Revenge. Like his former partner Micky Mike, he went into production and session work for many known and unknown Belgian bands until his death.
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Jessie M. Rattley
Life and career
Jessie M. Rattley Jessie Menifield Rattley (May 4, 1929 – March 2, 2001) served as the mayor of Newport News, Virginia from 1986 to 1990. Life and career Jessie M. Rattley was born to the late Alonzo and Altona Menifield, on May 4, 1929, in Birmingham, Ala. She attended schools in and graduated from Fairfield High School in 1947, after which she entered Hampton Institute in Hampton, Va. She graduated from Hampton Institute in 1951, with honors. That same year Mrs. Rattley began her teaching career at Huntington High School in Newport News, Va., where she established the business
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Jessie M. Rattley
Life and career
department. On June 9, 1952, Mrs. Rattley founded the Peninsula Business College, which provided an opportunity for youth and adults to be trained for careers in business. In seeking employment opportunities for her students, she began her lifelong commitment to civil rights and political involvement. Rattley obtained a degree from distance learning school La Salle Extension University. She was the first African-American to be elected to the Newport News City Council in 1970. Her election was seen as a major turning point in the civil rights movement for residents in Newport News. Her presence on the City Council led to residents of
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Jessie M. Rattley
Life and career
the city's Southeast community (most of them African-American) seeing funding for their schools and city services increased. She was elected vice-mayor in 1976 and mayor in 1986, the first woman and first African-American to hold that office. During her tenure as mayor, she received some criticism from residents due to her controversial plan to expand HUD and federally subsidized low-income housing into what was the more recently upscale sections of the city, such as Denbigh. On August 9, 2005, the Newport News City Hall and the government buildings immediately surrounding it were rededicated the Jessie Menifield Rattley Municipal Center in her
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Jessie M. Rattley
Life and career
honor.
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Early years
Jessie Wallace Hughan Jessie Wallace Hughan (December 25, 1875 – April 10, 1955) was an American educator, a socialist activist, and a radical pacifist. During her college days she was one of four co-founders of Alpha Omicron Pi, a national fraternity for university women. She also was a founder and the first Secretary of the War Resisters League, established in 1923. For over two decades, she was a perennial candidate for political office on the ticket of the Socialist Party of America in her home state of New York. Early years Jessie Wallace Hughan was born December 25, 1875 in
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Early years
Brooklyn, New York. She was the third of four children born to Margaret and Samuel Hughan, who were of Scottish, English, and French ancestry. Her father was an accountant. Hughan attended grammar school on Staten Island and then went on to Northfield Seminary, a theologically liberal Unitarian college preparatory school for girls located in Northfield, Massachusetts. Hughan enrolled at Barnard College in New York City in 1894. In January 1897 she co-founded there with three other students the international sorority Alpha Omicron Pi. In 1898 she graduated, earning her A.B. degree, for which she authored an unpublished senior thesis on "Recent Theories
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Early years
of Profits." An excellent student, Hughan was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, a national honorary society. After graduation from Barnard, Hughan enrolled in Columbia University, also located in New York City. There Hughan earned her Masters of Arts degree in 1899, writing a thesis entitled "The Place of Henry George in Economics," and her Ph.D. in 1910. Her dissertation was adapted by Columbia University Press and published in book form as The Present Status of Socialism in America, for which the prominent British-born socialist John Spargo wrote the introduction. The book was later reissued by a commercial publisher under a
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Early years
slightly revised title. Hughan made her professional career as an educator, teaching in a series of public and private schools following her graduation from Columbia with her A.M. degree in 1899. She first taught in schools in Naugatuck, Connecticut and White Plains, New York before returning to New York City in the early 1900s to complete her doctorate. Following her graduate work, she taught in a number of high schools throughout New York City, primarily in Brooklyn. In the 1920s, Hughan was in charge of the English Department at Textile High School, a position which she retained until her retirement from
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Early years & Socialist activism
the profession in 1945. Socialist activism Jessie Wallace Hughan joined the Socialist Party of America (SPA) in 1907. Hughan's primary place in the socialist movement was as an officer of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society (ISS), an independent organization established by author Upton Sinclair in 1905 to provide a venue of topics related to socialism, pro and con, by university students across America. Hughan was elected to the Executive Committee of the ISS in 1907 and served continuously in that capacity until the end of the organization in 1921, continuing in a similar capacity in its successor organization, the League for Industrial
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Socialist activism
Democracy (LID) through 1925. She also served as Vice President of the ISS from 1920 to 1921. Other so-called adult leaders of the ISS during this interval included Morris Hillquit, J.G. Phelps Stokes, Harry W. Laidler, as well as founding father Upton Sinclair. In 1913, the ISS commissioned Hughan to write a book on the principles of socialism to serve as a text for study and discussion by the various chapters of the organization. The resulting publication, a tome called Facts of Socialism, was an influential text among the young intellectuals who participated in the Intercollegiate Socialist Society's activities, a group
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Socialist activism & Campaigns for electoral office
which included peace activist Devere Allen, journalist Heywood Broun, researcher and American Civil Liberties Union official Robert W. Dunn, historian Herbert Feis, and publicist Walter Lippmann. Campaigns for electoral office For over two decades, Jessie Wallace Hughan was a candidate for public office on the ticket of the Socialist Party of America. Her first foray into politics came in a 1915 bid for Alderman in 1915. It was perhaps the only race in which she ran in which she had a measurable chance of winning. Hughan ran for office not so much intending to win, but rather as a means
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Campaigns for electoral office
of advancing socialist ideas to a broader public and to put pressure on elected officials to co-opt and implement ideas from the Socialist Party's political platform. Hughan therefore was unfazed by electoral defeat, instead running for a steadily escalating series of political offices. Hughan ran on the Socialist ticket for New York State Treasurer in 1918. In 1920, she ran for Lieutenant Governor of New York as a Socialist. The year 1922 marked Hughan's first bid for US Congress, an office which she sought four times — in 1922 in the New York 16th District; in 1924 in the New York
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Campaigns for electoral office
17th District; in 1928 in the New York 15th District; and in 1934 in the New York 15th District. In 1926 she took a break from her Congressional campaigns to launch a bid for election to the US Senate from New York. Hughan also ran for New York State Assembly in 1927, 1932, and 1938. Hughan does not seem to have exited the Socialist Party with its so-called "Old Guard" faction in 1936 to join the Social Democratic Federation, instead remaining loyal to fellow radical pacifist Norman Thomas despite the SPA's descent into factional war as the decade of the 1930s
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Campaigns for electoral office & Anti-War efforts
came to a close. Tellingly, neither did she run for elective office again after 1938. Anti-War efforts A deeply religious person, Hughan was a committed pacifist who spent the whole of her life fighting the spread of militarism in America. Hughan joined Frances M. Witherspoon and Tracy Mygatt in forming a number of peace groups linking pacifism, Christianity, and socialist politics. Unlike other opponents of war, Hughan intellectually developed a sophisticated socialist-pacifist position. Prior to U.S. military intervention in World War I, she challenged prowar socialists, such as Graham Stokes. Following the eruption of the war in the summer of
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Anti-War efforts
1914, Hughan felt herself called to action. In 1915 she organized the Anti-Enlistment League, with a headquarters in her apartment. Hughan and her associates were able to gather the signatures of some 3,500 men to a declaration opposing military enlistment with a view to demonstrating to American political leaders the unpopularity of the European war. She was a devoted opponent of the coordinated "Preparedness" campaign which emerged across the nation in 1915 and 1916. American entry into the war in April 1917 spelled the end of the Anti-Enlistment League, with the government seizing the organization's files and records. While she was never
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Anti-War efforts
fired from her public school teaching positions for her political views, Hughan was called into suspicion in the eyes of some New York politicians. In 1919, Hughan was called before the Lusk Committee of the New York State Assembly, a special committee convened to investigate and report upon radicalism in New York state. The Committee denied her the Certificate of Character and Loyalty due to her appending the words "This obedience being qualified always by dictates of conscience" to the state's teachers' oath. Later in 1919, Hughan's name appeared with those of settlement house pioneer Jane Addams and liberal journalist Oswald
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Anti-War efforts
Garrison Villard on a list of 62 "dangerous radicals" presented to the Overman Committee of the U.S. Senate, the first congressional body charged with the investigation of radicalism in the United States. After World War I, Hughan led a campaign to organize an active war resistance movement in the United States. During the 1920s, she signed up numerous war resisters, delivered many speeches, and wrote pamphlets and tracts on the use of active nonviolence. She also organized various public protests against war and militarism, including some New York "NO More War" parades. Hughan sat on the National Council and was a member
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Anti-War efforts
of the New York Executive Committee of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, a religious pacifist organization, from 1920 to 1923. In 1923, she founded a new anti-militarist group, the War Resisters League (WRL), and presided over it as Secretary from the time of its formation. The intent behind the WRL was to provide an organizational framework for opponents of militarism who had no traditional religious basis for their pacifist beliefs. The organization of the WRL was supported by other pacifist groups, including the Fellowship of Reconciliation, the Women's Peace Society, and the Women's Peace Union. In 1938, with another war looming in
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Anti-War efforts
Europe, Hughan organized a new umbrella organization known as the United Pacifist Committee, designed to coordinate the educational and political activities of sundry pacifist groups. She helped with the organization of public demonstrations, including a series of "No More War" parades in New York City, and was a vigorous opponent of the return to military conscription in 1940. She continued to serve as Secretary of the War Resisters League continuously through the end of World War II in 1945, at which time she stepped down to become the group's "Honorary Secretary." She continued to remain active on the governing Executive
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Anti-War efforts & Death and legacy
Committee of the WRL. Death and legacy Jessie Wallace Hughan retired in 1945. She stayed active in the War Resisters League as a member of the organization's Executive Committee until her death on April 10, 1955. She was 79 years old at the time of her death. She was survived by her sister Evelyn Hughan, with whom she had lived during her entire adult life, as well as her sister Marjorie Hughan Rockwell and Marjorie's four children, with whom Jessie was extremely close. The organization that Hughan founded, the War Resisters League, as well as the organization she helped
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Jessie Wallace Hughan
Death and legacy
to found, Alpha Omicron Pi fraternity, both continue as vital and established institutions into the 21st century. Both of these organizations remember Hughan's name and her role in their formation. Alpha Omicron Pi annually awards a prize known as the Jessie Wallace Hughan Cup to the organization's outstanding chapter.
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Jey Crisfar
Work
Jey Crisfar Work He became known playing the lead role in Bruce LaBruce's Otto; or Up with Dead People (2008). The character he plays is a zombie named Otto and he toured extensively with the film through festivals. The May 2008 issue of British magazine Dazed & Confused includes an exclusive photography session with him, shot by New York-based visual artist Terence Koh. He has also had exclusive photoshoots with photographers Adelaide Ivánova and fashion photographer and video artist Pierre Debusschere, being featured in the music video for British duo Society's track "Future Days", directed by the latter. He was interviewed
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Jey Crisfar
Work
in 2011, as part of the documentary The Advocate for Fagdom by Angélique Bosio about queercore filmmaker Bruce La Bruce,
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Ji Chuna
Background
Ji Chuna Ji Chuna (Chinese: 紀處訥; died July 24, 710) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Zhongzong's son Emperor Shang. He was a member of the faction of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei, and was killed after she was killed in a coup in 710. Background It is not known when Ji Chuna was born, but it is known that his family was from Qin Prefecture (秦州, roughly modern Tianshui, Gansu). His grandfather Ji Shiteng (紀士騰) served as a local governor for
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Ji Chuna
Background & During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
Tang Dynasty's predecessor Sui Dynasty, and his father Ji Ji (紀及) did the same for Tang. Little is known about Ji Chuna's early career, but it is known that his wife and the wife of Wu Sansi, an honored nephew of Wu Zetian and cousin of her son Li Xian the Crown Prince, were sisters. Ji Chuna himself was said to be tall and handsome. During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, and Li Xian, formerly emperor, was returned to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). Wu Sansi nevertheless remained a
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770
Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
trusted advisor, particularly because he was also the lover of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei. On account of his relationship with Wu Sansi, Ji Chuna, who was then a commanding general of the imperial guards, was made acting minister of storage (太府卿, Taifu Qing). He was considered one of Wu Sansi's closest associates. In 707, there was a major drought, and Emperor Zhongzong summoned Ji to discuss the matter with him. The next day, Wu Sansi had the acting director of the imperial astronomical conservatory, Jiaye Zhizhong (迦葉志忠) submit a report stating that the night before, that
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Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
the star Sheti (攝提) had entered the constellation Taiwei Palace (太微宮), symbolizing that a faithful official had entered the palace and met the emperor. Emperor Zhongzong was convinced that it involved his meeting with Ji, and issued an edict that praised Ji for great faithfulness that caused the stars to reflect him, and awarded him with clothes and silk. Later that year, when Emperor Zhongzong's crown prince Li Chongjun, by a concubine, who had been repeatedly insulted by Empress Wei's powerful daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle, whose husband was Wu Sansi's son Wu Chongxun (武崇訓), and could
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Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
not bear such insult, rose in rebellion, killing Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun and then attacking the palace, Ji was described as one of the officials leading forces to defend against the attack on the palace. Li Chongjun was subsequently defeated and killed in flight. Thereafter, Ji and a chancellor associated with Wu Sansi, Zong Chuke, made repeated attempts to implicate the senior chancellor Wei Yuanzhong in the plot, and were eventually able to get Emperor Zhongzong to exile, but not execute, Wei Yuanzhong. Meanwhile, Ji was given the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin (同中書門下三品), making him
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Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
a chancellor de facto, and soon thereafter, he was made Shizhong (侍中) -- the head of the examination bureau of government (門下省) and a post considered one for a chancellor. In 708, Ji was involved in an incident that would cause Suoge (娑葛), the chieftain of the Tuqishi (突騎施), to rebel. Suoge had in 706 succeeded his father Wuzhile (烏質勒), and Wuzhile's subordinate Juechuo Zhongjie (闕啜忠節) had been unwilling to submit to Suoge. Juechuo was, however, unable to prevail over Suoge, and he was set to give up his forces and go to the Tang capital Chang'an, when the
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Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
Tang general Zhou Yiti (周以悌) suggested to him the idea of bribing Zong and Ji to launch an attack against Suoge. Juechuo did so, and Zong, after Juechuo's bribery, proposed to Emperor Zhongzong the idea of attacking Suoge in alliance with Tufan, which Emperor Zhongzong agreed despite opposition by the general Guo Yuanzhen. Suoge heard of this plan and acted first, successfully attacking several Tang outposts and then sending an envoy to Chang'an to demand that Zong be executed. Subsequently, Guo reported the facts of the situation to Emperor Zhongzong, and Emperor Zhongzong sent a peace envoy