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Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
to make peace with Suoge and creating him Shisixing Khan. Subsequently, in 709, the censor Cui Wan (崔琬) submitted articles of impeachment against Zong and Ji for corruption that led to disaster on the borders. The protocol at that time required that, as the articles of impeachment were read, that the accused officials step out of the palace and await imperial instructions, but Zong did not do so and, in anger, spoke to Emperor Zhongzong and stated that he was faithful and being falsely accused. Instead of investigating, Emperor Zhongzong ordered Zong and Cui swear to brotherhood
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Ji Chuna
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign & Death
with each other, causing the people to give Emperor Zhongzong the semi-derogatory epithet of "Peacemaking Son of Heaven." In 710, Emperor Zhongzong was about to marry Princess Jincheng, the daughter of his cousin Li Shouli the Prince of Yong, to Tufan's king Me Agtsom, and he initially ordered Ji to escort Princess Jincheng to Tufan, but Ji declined the assignment, as did another chancellor, Zhao Yanzhao. Emperor Zhongzong eventually sent the general Yang Ju (楊矩) to do so. Death In summer 710, Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by Empress Wei
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Ji Chuna
Death
and Li Guo'er, so that Empress Wei could eventually become "emperor" like Wu Zetian, and Li Guo'er could become crown princess. Meanwhile, however, another son of Emperor Zhongzong's, Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen, was named emperor (as Emperor Shang), but Empress Wei retained power as empress dowager and regent. She sent a number of her associates to survey the circuits to make sure that no one would dare rise against her, and Ji Chuna was sent to survey Guannei Circuit (關內道, roughly modern Shaanxi). After Ji left the capital Chang'an, a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's
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970
Ji Chuna
Death
sister Princess Taiping and nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi killed Empress Wei and Li Guo'er, along with a number of their associates. At that time, Ji had reached Hua Prefecture (華州, roughly modern Weinan, Shaanxi), and was arrested and executed.
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Ji Ting
Ji Ting Ji Ting (Chinese: 季婷; pinyin: Jì Tíng; born October 11, 1982 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese football (soccer) player who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics. In 2004, she finished ninth with the Chinese team in the women's tournament. She played both matches and scored the only goal for China in this competition.
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Jiggs Parrott
Early life
Jiggs Parrott Early life Walter Edward "Jiggs" Parrott was born on the east side of Portland, Oregon on July 14, 1871 to Thomas H. Parrott and the former Eliza Ann Rhodes. Thomas H. Parrott was born in England, but moved outside of Sherwood, Oregon in 1857 which used to be a part of Yamhill County . Although he was training to be a shoemaker in England, when Thomas H. Parrott moved to Portland, he opened a music business. He organized the East Portland Brass Band. Jiggs Parrott had seven siblings: six brothers and one sister. Several of his siblings
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Jiggs Parrott
Early life & Early minor league career (1890–92)
went on to play professional baseball and worked in music. Parrott played sandlot ball in Portland during his youth. He would also play with his classmates while attending Portland Public Schools. Eventually, Parrott and his brothers, Dode and Tom, signed with the East Portland Willamettes, an amateur baseball team. Early minor league career (1890–92) In 1890, Parrott began his professional baseball career with the Portland Webfeet of the Pacific Northwest League. His brother, Tom Parrott, was his teammate on the Portland club. On the season, Jiggs Parrott batted .268 with 71 runs scored, 104 hits, 24 doubles, six triples, five
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Jiggs Parrott
Early minor league career (1890–92)
home runs, and 26 stolen bases in 94 games played. He was second in the league in home runs, third in hits and fourth in doubles. Defensively that season, he played third base. Parrott continued to play with the Portland club in 1891, who were now renamed the Gladiators. During the season, the Spokane Daily Chronicle stated that, "'Jiggs' [Parrott] was as much at home at third [base] as ever, and his throws to first [base] continue to excite the admiration of all the bleachers." At the start of the 1892 season, Parrott joined the Minneapolis Minnies of the Class-A
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Jiggs Parrott
Early minor league career (1890–92) & Chicago Colts (1892–95)
Western League. Before the start of the season, The Sporting News said that Parrott "has the build of a successful third baseman. He is tall and spare in flesh. He has been in a gymnasium all winter." With Minneapolis that season, he batted .317 with 31 runs scored, 53 hits, 13 doubles, and six home runs in 41 games played. He was tied for second in the league with James Graham, Joseph Katz and Billy O'Brien in home runs. Chicago Colts (1892–95) During the 1892 season, Cap Anson, the manager of the Chicago Colts, offered Parrott a Major League Baseball
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Jiggs Parrott
Chicago Colts (1892–95)
(MLB) contract to play with his club. Parrott made his MLB debut on July 11, 1892. During that game, he stuck out twice and made two errors. He was the first player from the State of Oregon to appear in an MLB game. Parrott hit second in the Colts' batting order for most of the season. In his first MLB season, Parrott batted .201 with 38 runs scored, 67 hits, eight doubles, five triples, two home runs, 22 runs batted in (RBIs), and seven stolen bases in 78 games played. He finished the season third in fielding percentage amongst National
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Jiggs Parrott
Chicago Colts (1892–95)
League third basemen (.891), behind Billy Nash and George Davis. Before the start of the 1893 season, The Sporting Life wrote that Parrott "is somewhat of an erratic player. There are times when he plays good ball, but just when good steady play is necessary, he is very liable to get a case of 'rattles.'" However, in June, The Sporting Life changed its tune and called Parrott's work at third base a "little less than brilliant". It was reported that Anson was impressed by Parrott as a person, calling him a "well-behaved young man" despite some criticism he was getting
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Jiggs Parrott
Chicago Colts (1892–95)
from the media and fans. During the 1893 season, the Colts signed pitcher Tom Parrott, Jiggs Parrott's brother. The Washington Post reported that Tom Parrott bought out his contract with his former team so he could play with his brother in Chicago. The two Parrott brothers were the only two players from Oregon to play in the MLB during the 19th century. Jiggs Parrott was moved to seventh in Chicago's batting order during the year. In his second season, Parrott batted .244 with 54 runs scored, 111 hits, 10 doubles, nine triples, one home run, 65 RBIs, and 25 stolen
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Jiggs Parrott
Chicago Colts (1892–95)
bases in 110 games played. His fielding percentage at third base was the fifth highest in the National League (.904), behind Jack Crooks, Denny Lyons, George Pinkney and Billy Nash. At the start of the 1894 season, Parrott was converted to a second baseman, making way for Charlie Irwin at third base. Manager Cap Anson was criticized by The Sporting Life for continuing to play Parrott. The publication stated, "It is true that [Anson] holds Parrot in high esteem and insists that 'Jiggs' is a great infielder, hence a suffering public may confidently expect to witness still further attempts of 'Jiggs'
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Jiggs Parrott
Chicago Colts (1892–95)
to hold down the second base bag." On the season, Parrott batted .248 with 82 runs scored, 130 hits, 17 doubles, nine triples, three home runs, 65 RBIs, and 30 stolen bases in 126 games played. In 1895, Anson signed a new second baseman, Ace Stewart from Sioux City, Iowa, which demoted Parrott to the role of utility player. Anson responded to the criticism he had been taking for keeping Parrott by stating, "I realize that 'Jiggs' is not popular with the Chicago crowds, so we will play him in games abroad only." However, The Sporting Life responded by saying,
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Jiggs Parrott
Chicago Colts (1892–95) & Later career (1895–97)
"The local scribes and fans thought we had buried the lanky 'Jigglets,' so far as Chicago was concerned, but he bobs up serenely." Parrott's final MLB game came on June 6, 1895. He played just three games with Chicago that season. In those games, he batted .250 with one hit in four at-bats. He was released early in the season. Later career (1895–97) After being released by the MLB Chicago Colts, Parrott returned to the minor leagues with the Class-B Rockford Forest Citys/Reds of the Western Association. On the season with Rockford, he batted .351 with 18 runs scored, 40
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Jiggs Parrott
Later career (1895–97)
hits, five doubles and two triples in 26 games played. In 1896, he started the season with the Grand Rapids Rippers/Gold Bugs of the Class-A Western League as their starting third baseman. On June 22, he was released by the Grand Rapids club. Parrott then signed with the Columbus Buckeyes/Senators, also of the Western League. Combined between the two clubs that year, he batted .306 in 86 games played. In 1897, he re-signed with the Columbus Senators. As a member of the Columbus club, The Milwaukee Journal noted in September that Parrott had "been playing a great fielding game". However,
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Jiggs Parrott
Later career (1895–97) & Death
he appeared in just one game with the Senators, getting one hit in four at-bats. He then signed with the Dubuque, Iowa club of the Class-B Western Association. In 15 games, he batted .213 with six runs scored and 13 hits. Death After the 1897 baseball season, he returned to his home in Portland, Oregon with his health deteriorating. In December, Parrott traveled to New Mexico in hopes of re-gaining his health. When in New Mexico, he reported that the weather was too cold and that he was planning to move to Arizona where the climate is more mild. On
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Jiggs Parrott
Death
April 14, 1898, while in a hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, Parrott died of tuberculosis. Earlier that day, Parrott had telegraphed his father, Thomas H. Parrott, back in Portland alerting him that it was not likely he would live two more days. Upon receiving the telegram, Thomas H. Parrott sent his son, Archie Parrott, on a train to Arizona to be with the dying Jiggs Parrott. However, after the train left the station in Portland, the Parrott family got word that Jiggs Parrott had died. Archie Parrott continued to Arizona to retrieve his brother's remains. His remains were returned on April
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Jiggs Parrott
Death
23. Parrott's funeral was held on April 25, at his home in East Portland. His pall-bearers were several former teammates from the Portland Willamettes: Joseph Beveridge, Charles Neale, Frank Buchtel, William Kern, Fred Bailey, and John Rankin. According to The Oregonian hundreds attended his funeral and 500 people attended his burial at Lone Fir Cemetery in Portland.
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Jihad (song)
Origins
Jihad (song) Origins Primarily written by guitarist Jeff Hanneman, "Jihad" features lyrical contributions by vocalist Tom Araya. Both Hanneman and Araya had previously written about controversial lyrical matter in past Slayer tracks; while Hanneman had written songs like "Angel of Death" and "SS-3" which explored the atrocities committed by Nazi figures such as Auschwitz concentration camp physician Josef Mengele and Third Reich henchman Reinhard Heydrich, Araya had delved into the lives of serial killers such as Jeffrey Dahmer and Ed Gein in the tracks "213" and "Dead Skin Mask" respectively. "Jihad" is written from the perspective of a 9/11 terrorist,
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Jihad (song)
Origins
and imagines the thoughts that "the enemy" might have. The climax of the song features spoken text taken from a motivational letter left behind by Mohamed Atta, who was named by the FBI as the head suicide terrorist of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Guitarist Kerry King has been outspoken in his defense of "Jihad", and has claimed that the song has the "coolest angle" on Christ Illusion. "These new songs aren't political at all," King states, "'Jihad', 'Eyes of the Insane'—it's what's spewing out at
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Jihad (song)
Origins
us from the TV." He further clarified that the band was not attempting to promote the terrorists' perspective of the war, nor their ideological beliefs, although he expected others to assume Slayer was doing so. They did not wish to dwell on the topic "because every band on the planet already has" and "came from a certain perspective", so felt they had to present an alternative viewpoint. "We're Slayer, we have to be different" was King's assertion. American singer/songwriter Steve Earle attempted a similar concept in penning "John Walker's Blues" (from the 2002 album Jerusalem), written from the perspective of the
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Jihad (song)
Origins & Musical structure
Washington-born John Walker Lindh, a Taliban member captured during the 2001 US-led invasion of Afghanistan. Earle was criticised for this track; King anticipated a comparable reaction to "Jihad": "People make an assumption before they (read) the lyrics. It's definitely not only human nature, it's very American-natured." Musical structure "Jihad" is played in standard 4/4 time and runs for 3 minutes and 31 seconds. A skittering vamp played by Jeff Hanneman leads into the track, while Dave Lombardo shimmers his hi-hat. Smoothly mixing up tempos, the band builds the song with a fast, "wonky, catchy and angular" guitar riff reminiscent of
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Jihad (song)
Musical structure & Reception and criticism
the breakdown in 1986's "Angel of Death". This guitar riff decelerates before bursting forward again in two-bar stretches underpinned by Lombardo's pounding, fifth-gear drumming. IGN reviewer Andy Patrizio was dismissive of the song's musical structure in comparison to the other tracks on Christ Illusion "Jihad", "Flesh Storm", "Skeleton Christ", and "Supremist", and felt there was too much similarity in the riffs, tuning, tempos, and arrangements. MusicOMH.com's Ian Robinson was also negative, remarking that the song "concludes with the 'now getting slightly old hat' Slayer trick (but still atmospheric) of over sampling voices over the solo." Reception and criticism "Jihad"—alongside fellow Christ Illusion
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Jihad (song)
Reception and criticism
album tracks "Eyes of the Insane" and "Cult"—was made available for streaming on June 26, 2006, via the Spanish website Rafabasa.com. The album was Slayer's ninth studio recording, and was released on August 8, 2006. During reviews "Jihad" received a mixed reception. Blabbermouth's Don Kaye gave the opinion that "a handful of songs" on Christ Illusion "are either too generic or the arrangements are too clumsy to work well", and specifically singled out the track: "I'm looking at you, 'Jihad' and 'Skeleton Christ'." Ben Ratliff of New York Times remarked that the song is "predictably tough stuff, but let's put it
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Jihad (song)
Reception and criticism
on a scale. It is tougher, and less reasoned, than Martin Amis's recent short story 'The Last Days of Muhammad Atta.' It is no tougher than a taped message from Al Qaeda." Peter Atkinson of KNAC.com was equally unimpressed, describing the group's choice of song climax as: ... the same sort of detached, matter-of-fact tactic Hanneman and Araya have employed for "difficult" subjects in the past—Josef Mengele's Nazi atrocities in "Angel of Death" or Jeffrey Dahmer/Ed Gein's ghoulish proclivities in "213" and "Dead Skin Mask"—with great effect. But here it feels atypically crass and exploitative, as if it was done purely to
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Jihad (song)
Reception and criticism
get a rise out of people ... And Slayer's usually a lot more clever than that. Not all reviews were so negative. Thom Jurek of Allmusic observed that "the band begins to enter and twist and turn looking for a place to create a new rhythmic thrash that's the most insane deconstruction of four/four time on tape." The Austin Chronicle's Marc Savlov asked readers to "listen to the eerie, stop-start cadence of lunacy in 'Jihad,' with Araya playing the role of a suicide bomber almost too convincingly." King would have appointed "Jihad" as the group's nomination in the "Best Metal Performance" award category
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Jihad (song)
Reception and criticism
at the 49th Grammy Awards, deeming the chosen track "Eyes of the Insane" "the poorest representations" of the group on ninth studio album Christ Illusion. Despite King's statement, "Eyes of the Insane" won Slayer their first Grammy award. The Slayer guitarist has also stated; "I like playing 'Jihad' because I'm back changing my guitars, and Jeff starts it and he starts it quietly so you can hear the fans go crazy about it and you can't always hear that at the beginning of a song."
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Jiménez dynasty
History
Jiménez dynasty History The first known member of the family, García Jiménez of Pamplona, is obscure, it being stated by the Códice de Roda that he was "king of another part of the kingdom" of Pamplona, presumably lord of part of Navarre beyond the area of direct control of the Íñiguez kings: probably the frontier areas of Álava and the western Pyrenees given the list of their landholdings preserved in a later charter. It was long believed that their origins lay in Gascony. In 905 Sancho Garcés, a younger son of the dynasty founder, used foreign assistance to displace the Íñiguez
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Jiménez dynasty
History
ruler Fortún Garcés and consolidate the monarchy in his dynasty's hands. He would be viewed as founder of the dynasty, with several Iberian Muslim sources calling the family the Banu Sanjo (Arabic: بنو شانجه‎ - the descendants of Sancho) for several subsequent generations, while a 12th-century Tunisian chronicler of Al-Andalus, Ibn al-Kardabūs, would referred to Sancho III of Pamplona as ibn Abarca (Arabic: بن أبرك‎ - son or descendant of Abarca), referencing a nickname originally borne by Sancho I in the naming of this Banu Abarca dynasty. In addition to repulsing several attacks from the Emir of Córdoba, Sancho I crushed
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the neighboring Banu Qasi and thus expanded Pamplona to the upper Ebro River valley, as well as incorporating the previously-autonomous County of Aragon into the realm. Following the death of Sancho in 925, his brother Jimeno Garcés maintained a position of strength, intervening in the politics of neighboring Christian and Muslim states. His death left the crown to his nephew, Sancho's son García Sánchez I, who was still a child. Originally ruling under the tutelage of his mother, the Íñiguez descendant Toda Aznar who established a web of political and marital alliances among the Iberian Christian states, he invited the
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History
intervention of his cousin Abd-ar-Rahman III of Córdoba to achieve emancipation from his mother. There followed three generations of defeat and subjugation by the Caliphate. He did create for his younger son a short-lived sub-kingdom centered at Viguera, which lasted for several decades until it was reabsorbed into the Pamplona kingdom. The kingdom of Pamplona only reemerged from the Cordoban shadow during the reign of Sancho the Great, who ruled from 1000 to 1035 in Pamplona, but also ruled Aragon, Castile, Ribagorza and eventually León (but not Galicia) by right or conquest. He received the homage of the Count of
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History
Barcelona and possibly of the Duke of Gascony. After his coronation in León, he even took up the imperial title over all Spain. His vast domains were divided amongst his sons at his death, giving rise to three independent medieval kingdoms each ruled by a Jiménez monarch. The Kingdom of Navarre, passing to the eldest son García, was unable to maintain its hegemony, leading to the full independence of Aragon under his illegitimate brother Ramiro I, who had previously taken over the territories of murdered brother Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. Younger sibling Ferdinand I, then Count of Castile, killed in
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History
battle his nominal overlord the King of León and Galicia in 1037 and thereby inheriting them and bringing them fully into the orbit of his ruling clan. He then defeated García, achieving a sort of hegemony over his brothers, but again divided his realm among his sons. One of these, Alfonso VI, not only succeeded to the reunited realm of his father, but also conquered Toledo, reclaimed the imperial title and even pretended to rule over both Christian and Moslem Spain. The Navarre branch of the dynasty went into eclipse when in 1076 Sancho IV was assassinated by his siblings, and
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History
his cousins Alfonso VI of Castile and Sancho Ramírez of Aragon converged and divided the kingdom, with the Aragon ruler gaining the Navarre crown, while ceding western lands to Castile. The holdings of the family were briefly reunited when Alfonso the Battler of Navarre and Aragon married Alfonso VI's daughter Urraca, Queen of Castile and León, and claimed the imperial title. However, the marriage failed and the kingdoms of Castile and León passed out of the dynasty, to Urraca's son by a prior marriage. The Kingdom of Aragon and that of Navarre likewise went their separate ways following Alfonso's death, the
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Jiménez dynasty
History
former passing to his brother, the latter to a descendant of its original ruling family, with each eventually passing to other dynasties through heiresses: Petronilla of Aragon, who married the ruler of Barcelona and thus united those two realms into the Crown of Aragon; and Blanca, sister of Sancho VII of Navarre, whose 1234 death brought Jiménez rule to an end. The Borgias of Italy in the 15th century would present a pedigree that traced their ancestry to Pedro de Atarés, lord of Borja, Zaragoza, who had been a competitor for the thrones of Navarre and Aragon following the death of
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Jiménez dynasty
History & Rulers
Alfonso the Battler. Pedro was a scion of this family, being grandson of Sancho Ramírez, Count of Ribagorza, illegitimate brother of king Sancho Ramírez of Aragon. Such a descent would thus have made the Borgias male-line descendants of the Jiménez dynasty. However, the descent was a fabrication. Rulers Emperors in bold. Date of assumption of imperial title in parentheses.
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Jim Doolan
Jim Doolan James Doolan is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1980 to 1981. He was elected to the Administrative Panel of the 14th Seanad at a by-election in April 1980, following the election of Liam Burke to the Dáil. He was not re-elected at the 1981 Seanad election. He was an unsuccessful Fianna Fáil candidate for the Connacht–Ulster constituency at the 1979 European Parliament election. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1993 and 1997 Seanad elections. He is a former professor at University College Galway.
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Jim Downing
Personal life & Racing
Jim Downing James Downing (born January 4, 1942) is an American former professional race car driver, he is a five-time IMSA Championship winner, owner/driver of Downing/Atlanta Racing, and was principal in the development of the HANS device. Personal life Downing was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and is a Georgia Tech graduate with a degree in industrial management. He married public relations specialist Connie Goudinoff in 1989. He is a member of the Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI) fraternity. Racing His father being a major foreign car dealer in the Atlanta area, he grew up around cars and racing. He
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Jim Downing
Racing
began racing soapbox derbies when he was 11, raced those for several years, then won a local downhill slalom event when he was 16. In his late teens and early twenties, he raced gymkhanas (known today as SCCA Solo) in almost anything he could get his hands on because SCCA rules of the time prohibited racing before age 21. When he was 21, he bought an Elva Courier for $200 that had been totaled, spent a year and a half putting it back together, and began racing at Daytona Beach in 1963. He continued SCCA racing successfully
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Jim Downing
Racing
on the amateur level for the next 11 years. Looking for new challenges, he joined IMSA in 1974, at the invitation of John Bishop, President and founder of the (then) new International Motor Sports Association IMSA, they were so friendly and helpful that it convinced him that he should give it a try. As a young person coming out of very amateur racing, it was a big step. He quickly discovered in the first year of racing a Mazda RX-2 in the old RS series that he got more experience in one year than he had in the last
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Jim Downing
Racing
six years in club racing. Sponsored by the Mazda factory for his entire IMSA career, Jim progressed up the competition ladder from the near showroom stock Radial Sedan series Mazda RX-2 & Mazda RX3, to GTU Mazda RX3 & Mazda RX7 and GTO in the Mazda RX7, then up to the ultra-quick purpose-built GTP category prototypes, all powered by two, three, and four rotor versions of the Mazda Wankel engine. After competing in an Argo built prototype since 1984, in 1988 he began designing and building a prototype racer of his own design. His Kudzu DG-1, made its debut
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Jim Downing
Racing & HANS Device
at San Antonio in September 1989. In 1999, with the demise/reorganization of IMSA series, he moved on to the American Le Mans Series with his Kudzu racers until the end of the 2000 racing season, then into an AutoExe Motorsports prototype as his long and successful career wound down. During his illustrious forty-five year racing career he has either won or scored highly in races at Daytona, Sebring, Nürburgring and Le Mans. He won several Camel Lights championships, including 41 career victories and is still racing today in SCCA and Formula Atlantic (the fastest class in SCCA). HANS Device Jim Downing
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Jim Downing
HANS Device
has been credited as the first to identify the problems associated with a restrained torso and an unrestrained head in sudden deceleration impacts, following the 1981 death of Patrick Jacquemart at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course during the Red Roof Inns 200 IMSA GT Championship event in May 1981. Jacquemart, the director of Renault Racing in the United States, was at the wheel of his IMSA GTU-specification Renault 5 Turbo when he missed the curve at the bottom of the plunge down Thunder Valley (Turn 7), striking a sandbank with the front of the car. He suffered a fracture
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Jim Downing
HANS Device
of the base of his skull and was pronounced dead on arrival at Morrow County Hospital in Mount Gilead, OH. With the problem identified, Downing turned to his brother-in-law, Dr. Robert Hubbard, a bio mechanical crash engineer for General Motors, to help him design a Head And Neck Support system that would eliminate or protect against these types of injuries. Working together, their goal was to create a device that would reduce the chance of a serious injury caused by the violent movement of the unrestrained head and helmet during a crash. Dr. Hubbard created the first prototypes of
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Jim Downing
HANS Device & Notable Motorsports Awards & Filmography
the HANS Device in the late 1980s, and Downing, as a firm believer of the product he had helped to create, started wearing the untested prototype of the HANS Device during his IMSA sports car races. Notable Motorsports Awards 2002 Phil Hill Award 2008 Bob Akin Memorial Motorsports Award 2012 Sebring Hall of Fame Inductee 2014 SCCA Hall of Fame Inductee Filmography Fun House (1994) Blue Peter (1994) The Vicar of Dibley (1995)
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Jim Piddock
Personal life
Jim Piddock Personal life Piddock was born in Rochester, Kent, the son of Celia Mary (née O'Callaghan) and Charles Frederick Piddock. After completing his tertiary studies at Worth School, a Roman Catholic Benedictine boarding school in the south of England, Piddock attended London University, gaining an Honours degree in English literature. Piddock began his acting career on the stage in the UK, before emigrating to the US in his early twenties. He made his US theatrical debut in The Boy's Own Story in 1982. A large number of film and television credits followed, most notably Lethal Weapon 2, Independence Day, The
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Jim Piddock
Personal life & Stage career
Prestige, Austin Powers In Goldmember, The Five Year Engagement, Think Like A Man Too, and several Christopher Guest films, including Best in Show and A Mighty Wind. Stage career Piddock made his theatrical debut in the US in The Boy's Own Story, a one-man show about a football (soccer) goalkeeper, at the Julian Theatre in San Francisco. The show won Piddock the Bay Area Critics' Best Actor Award. The show was then produced Off-Broadway. That same year (1982), he was cast in Noël Coward's Present Laughter, and other Broadway and Off-Broadway shows followed, including the original US production of Noises
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Jim Piddock
Stage career
Off, The Knack at the Roundabout Theatre, Make and Break, and Design For Living. He won a Drama Desk award for his performance in "Noises Off". "I spent the first few years of my career pretty much doing nothing but stage work. I started in rep companies in England then did a one-man show in the US which led very quickly to doing several Broadway shows. I got very lucky early on. They were fun shows to do. I was in the first ever production of Noises Off in America and my first ever job in New York was being directed
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Jim Piddock
Stage career & Television career
by and appearing with George C. Scott", Piddock said. In the 1980s, Piddock moved to Los Angeles where he pursued work in television. In November 2007, he was seen onstage at the Ricardo Montalbán Theatre in Hollywood, starring in a production of What About Dick? alongside an all British expat cast, including Billy Connolly, Tim Curry, Eric Idle, Eddie Izzard, Jane Leeves, Emily Mortimer and Tracey Ullman. When the play officially premiered in 2012, he was again in the cast. He also appeared in 2009 at the Montalban Theatre and on Broadway in An Evening Without Monty Python. Television career Following
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Jim Piddock
Television career & Voice work
a successful stint as a stage performer, Piddock started successfully carving out a career for himself as a TV actor, now spanning over three decades. "I'd always wanted to end up working in film and TV. I guess I could have stayed in New York and probably had a long and fruitful career in the theatre but in the mid-1980s I felt like it was time to change gears and I'd certainly not been short-changed in terms of getting to perform live", Piddock said of his transition into television. Voice work As a voice actor, Piddock provided the voice of
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Jim Piddock
Voice work
Major Zero in the English version of the video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater as well as Agent One in Return to Castle Wolfenstein for Xbox and PlayStation 2. Regarding films he provided the voice of Bolero the Bull in the film Garfield 2, the fictional artistic director of Forever Young Films, Kenneth Loring, doing the commentary in the directors' cut of the Coen Brothers' Blood Simple, he also voiced the part of King Mufasa's hornbill majordomo, Zazu in the Disney games Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games and The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure, in the
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Jim Piddock
Voice work & Later work
DC Comics animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood, he voiced the part of Batman's butler, Alfred Pennyworth, and also voiced Chic for the animated science fiction film Dead Space: Downfall, based on the video game Dead Space. Later work Piddock appeared in 2012's The Five-Year Engagement, which starred Jason Segel and Emily Blunt, playing Blunt's father, The Cold Light of Day starring Henry Cavill, Bruce Willis and Sigourney Weaver, and The Dictator with Sacha Baron Cohen. In August, 2012 it was announced that Piddock would be co-writing, acting, and producing a new TV comedy series with Christopher Guest for HBO
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Jim Piddock
Later work
and the BBC titled Family Tree. On 13 October 2016, Mascots, which he co-wrote with Guest, stars in, and produced, premiered on Netflix.
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
Jimmie Mercer Biography James Arthur "Jimmie" Mercer was born in England on August 12, 1871, and was the eldest child of Andrew Valentine Mercer and Isabella Katherine Newton. Jimmie was named after Andrew's father, James Arthur Mercer (1812-1878). In 1883, Jimmie and his parents emigrated to the United States and settled down in Tubac, Arizona, where Andrew's elder brother, T. Lillie Mercer, had previously settled. Andrew and Isabella divorced when Jimmie was twelve-years-old, after which he was raised by a family friend named Pete Kitchen. According to Jimmie's nephew, Art Mercer: "Jimmie lived with Pete and his family until he
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
was 14 or 15 years old.... Pete was quite a desperado. When some squaws tried to steal his horses, Jimmie killed two of the women." Jimmie's first marriage was to Bessie Pearl McKinney, who was born in 1883, in Uvalde, Texas, and was the daughter of a well known and respected pioneer rancher. The two were married in Mammoth, Arizona, on July 16, 1898. Jimmie was popular and respected. He worked as a Pima County deputy sheriff and later a county ranger. The Mercers had three sons: Arthur Virgil Mercer, who was born on January 3, 1900, Caddell Newton Mercer, who
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
was born on April 21, 1903, and Edgar Leslie Mercer, born on February 10, 1906. With his second wife, Harriett Ann Brown, Jimmie had a fourth son named James Arthur Mercer, Jr. just before his death on December 10, 1914. On December 2, 1914, Mercer and a local rancher named Robert Fenton were out investigating a police report for some stolen cattle. According to the report, a Mexican rancher named J. Padilla was in possession of a stolen calf, so the two men headed for Padilla's ranch, which was located just north of what is now the ghost town of Pantano.
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
As Mercer and Fenton approached the little ranch, Padilla began walking towards them. However, when about seventy yards away from Mercer, Padilla raised his rifle and fired once at him. The bullet struck Mercer in the left leg, just above the knee. As Mercer fell to the ground, Padilla turned around and fled into a nearby canyon. Mercer was then taken back to Pantano, where he was put on a train and sent to Rogers Hospital in Tucson. Mercer's wound was bad; the bullet struck him just above the knee, breaking his leg, and he was bleeding a lot. Ultimately, he
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
died from the loss of blood several days later on December 10, and was buried in the Evergreen Memorial Park in Tucson. He was survived by his wife, two brothers, and three sisters. There is no record of whether or not the killer was ever apprehended. Today there is a small memorial for Mercer near Pantano, at the Ciénega Creek Natural Preserve. The Pete Kitchen Ranch, near Nogales, Arizona, is also on display and has been listed on the National Historic Register since 1975. An obituary for Jimmie was printed in the Arizona Daily Star on December 11, 1914: James Mercer... died
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
Thursday morning as the result of a wound inflicted at Pantano on the third of December. The deceased, who was a county ranger in Pima County, had been called to Pantano to investigate a case of calf stealing. While he was looking over a calf belonging to a man named Padillas, the latter shot Mercer through the left thigh with a rifle. The injured man was assisted to the station by Robert [Fenton], who was with him at the time, and taken by train where he was cared for at the Rodgers Hospital, where he died at the time stated.
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Jimmie Mercer
Biography
Mr. Mercer was a resident of Nogales in the early history of the town, and is remembered by those who knew him in the early days. His parents were located here about thirty years ago when he was a lad of 10 or 12 years of age. His home has been in Pima County for many years. (sic)
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Jimmy Conlin
Career
Jimmy Conlin Career Conlin was born in Camden, New Jersey in 1884, and his acting career started out in vaudeville, where he and his first wife Myrtle Glass played the Keith-Albee-Orpheum circuits billed as "Conlin & Glass", a song-and-dance team. They also starred together in two short films, Sharps and Flats (1928) and Zip! Boom! Bang! (1929) for Vitaphone. Conlin made another comedy short without Glass in 1930 (A Tight Squeeze), but his film career started for good in 1933, and for the next 27 years, with the single exception of 1951, every year saw the release of at least
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Jimmy Conlin
Career
one film in which Conlin appeared – at the height of his career, often more than a dozen of them. Recognizable by his small size and odd appearance, Conlin played all sorts of small roles and bit parts, many times not receiving an onscreen credit. In the 1940s, Conlin was part of Preston Sturges' unofficial "stock company" of character actors, appearing in nine films written and directed by Sturges. His roles in Sturges' films were often sizable and often came with good billing. One of his best performances came in Sturges' The Sin of Harold Diddlebock in 1946, when he played
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Jimmy Conlin
Career
"Wormy", the racetrack tout who convinces Harold Lloyd to have his first drink, setting off the events of the film. The loyalty between Sturges and Conlin ran both ways, and when the former golden boy of Hollywood fell on hard times, Conlin remained a friend, stayed in contact, and helped out in any way he could. Conlin did not make many television appearances, but he did have a regular role as a bartender on Duffy's Tavern, a syndicated series from 1954. He made his final film in 1959, when he played a habitual criminal in Anatomy of a Murder.
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Jimmy Conlin
Personal life & Death
Personal life Conlin's first wife, Myrtle Glass, died in 1945. They had been married 27 years. Later, he was married to the former Dorothy Ryan. Death Conlin died at his home in Encino, California on May 7, 1962 at the age of 77.
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Amateur
Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey) Amateur In 2005–06, Hayes was a member of the U.S. National U-17 Team at the 2005 Four Nations Tournament, hosted in Russia. He was then selected to the 2006 U.S. U-17 Select Team and participated at the U-18 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament hosted in the Czech Republic. He was selected first overall in the 2006 USHL Futures Draft by the Ohio Junior Blue Jackets. In 2006–07, Hayes played for the USA Hockey National Team Development Program (NTDP)'s under-18 team, and was also a member of the silver medal-winning Team USA at the 2007 IIHF World U18 Championships,
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Amateur
hosted in Finland. The 2007–08 season marked Hayes' second season with the NTDP. In 18 games with the U18 team, he tallied seven points, and in 19 games with the U.S. National Team, he tallied ten points. In February 2008, Hayes had his United States Hockey League (USHL) rights traded from the Ohio Jr. Blue Jackets to the Lincoln Stars. Shortly after, he was released from the NTDP and joined the Stars. He played with Lincoln for 21 games, scoring four goals and 11 assists, also registering nine post-season from eight games. In the Fall of 2008, Hayes signed a letter
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Amateur
of intent to attend Boston College of the NCAA's Hockey East conference. In his three-year, 117-game tenure with the Boston College Eagles, Hayes tallied a total of 81 points (42 goals and 39 assists). As a freshman in the 2008–09 season, Hayes played in 36 games and registered 13 points (eight goals and five assists). Of the eight goals, one was a game-winning goal, one was a power play goal, and one was a shorthanded goal. At the end of the season, Hayes ranked fifth on the team with 75 shots. He is also noted to have recorded two multiple-goal
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Amateur
games, including one hat trick. As a sophomore in the 2009–10 season, Hayes played in all 42 of Boston College's games. During that time, he registered 35 points (13 goals and 22 assists). He is also credited with three power play goals, three game-winning goals and a +7 plus-minus rating. Hayes had nine multi-point games during the season, including one four-point outing and one three-point night. Hayes' effort during the post-season helped to lift the Eagles over the University of Maine in a 7–6 overtime victory during the Hockey East championship game on March 20. Hayes and his Eagles teammates were
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Amateur & Professional
also crowned NCAA Div. 1 Champions, winning the Frozen Four Final in Detroit at Ford Field. Professional On June 26, 2010, the Toronto Maple Leafs traded Hayes to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for the 43rd overall selection in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft (Bradley Ross). Hayes made his NHL debut against the Detroit Red Wings on December 30, 2011. He scored his first NHL goal on January 2, 2012, in his second career game, against Devan Dubnyk of the Edmonton Oilers. Hayes scored his second goal on January 5, 2012, in this third career game against Ilya Bryzgalov of the
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Professional
Philadelphia Flyers. Hayes participated in his first Stanley Cup playoff game on April 21, 2012, in Game 5 of the Western Conference Quarter-finals against the Phoenix Coyotes. During the 2013–14 season, on November 14, 2013, Hayes was traded, along with Dylan Olsen, to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Kris Versteeg and Philippe Lefebvre. On July 29, 2014, Hayes and the Panthers agreed to a one-year, one-way contract for $925,000. In the following 2014–15 season, Hayes enjoyed his first full season in the NHL with the Panthers, notching a career high 19 goals and 35 points in 72 games. As a restricted free
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Professional
agent, on July 1, 2015 the Panthers traded Hayes to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Reilly Smith and the contract of injured Marc Savard. On July 6, 2015, Hayes agreed to terms on a three-year contract with the Bruins worth $2.3 million per year. Hayes' first goal as a Bruin came on October 14, 2015, in a 6–2 road victory against the hosting Colorado Avalanche. Just over two months later, in the second game of a home-on-home series against the Ottawa Senators, Hayes scored his first-ever NHL hat trick against Senators' goaltender Craig Anderson, as the initial, fifth and
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Professional
seventh Bruins goals (the seventh scored with only 0.2 seconds of game time remaining) for a 7–3 home ice Bruins win. On June 30, 2017, after a career-worst season (2 goals, 5 points in 58 games) in 2016–17, Hayes was bought out from the remaining year of his contract by the Bruins. On October 1, 2017, Hayes signed a one-year, one-way contract with the New Jersey Devils. In and out of the lineup, Hayes had 3 goals and 6 assists in 33 games. On July 1, 2018, Hayes signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins. While participating at the Penguins training
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Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey)
Professional & Personal life
camp prior to the 2018–19 season, Hayes was reassigned to their AHL affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. Personal life Hayes, along with his brother Kevin, are cousins with former NHL players Tom Fitzgerald and Keith Tkachuk, as well as both Tkachuk's sons Matthew and Brady, and Fitzgerald's sons Ryan, who was drafted by the Boston Bruins, and Casey, who is currently the captain of the Boston College's hockey team.
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Jimutavahana
Major works
Jimutavahana Jīmūtavāhana (c. 12th century) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and writer of legal and religious treatises of early medieval period. He was the earliest writer on smriti (law) from Bengal whose texts are extant. Major works Jīmūtavāhana is known for his three major works. These three works are probably the parts of a bigger comprehensive digest, the Dharma Ratna. His Kalaviveka is an exhaustive analysis of the auspicious kala (timings) for the performance of religious rites and ceremonies. This text also contains discussions on solar and lunar months. Based on the evidence of the last of a number of exact
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Major works
dates examined in this text, it is assumed that the text was written soon after March, 1093. His Vyvahāra-mātrikā or Nyayaratna-mātrikā or Nyayamātrikā has dealt with vyavahāra (judicial procedure). The text is divided into five sections, Vyvaharamukha, Bhashapada, Uttarapada, Kriyapada and Nirnayapada. His magnum opus Dāyabhāga has dealt with the laws of inheritance based on Manusmriti. In Bengal (and post-independence West Bengal and Tripura) and Assam, Dāyabhāga was the principal guide for laws on inheritance till the enactment of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. This treatise differs in some aspects from Mitakshara, which was prevalent in other parts of India based on
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Major works
Yajnavalka Smriti. The right of a widow without any male issue to inherit the properties of her deceased husband is recognized in Dāyabhāga. Dayabhagatippani of Srinath Acharyachudamani (c. 16th century), Dayabhagatika of Raghunandan Bhattacharya (16th century) and Dayabhagatika of Srikrishna Tarkalankar (18th century) are the notable commentaries written on Dayabhaga during the late medieval period.
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Jin Jing
Family and personal life
Jin Jing Family and personal life Jin Jing's parents are wage earners. Her father, Jin Jiansheng (Chinese: 金建生), is a sent-down youth who moved from Shanghai to Anhui during the Cultural Revolution, where he met and married Liu Huayao (Chinese: 刘华瑶). Jin was born in 1981, in Hefei, Anhui, She has a younger sister, Jin Renyu (Chinese: 金任钰). Jin had part of her right leg amputated in 1989 when she was in elementary school after a malignant tumor was found on her ankle and later underwent a year of chemotherapy. She moved to Shanghai with her family in 1995
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Jin Jing
Family and personal life & 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
and studied information technology in a technical secondary school. After graduation, she worked as a telephone operator in a hotel in Shanghai. Jin got married in Shanghai in September 2013. 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay In 2007, Jin Jing turned up for a selective trial, titled You Are the Torchbearer, which was organized by China Central Television, and was chosen to be an Olympic torchbearer. On April 7, 2008, she was the third torchbearer carrying the Olympic Flame during the relay in Paris, amidst protests and physical attempts to snatch the torch by demonstrators. According to ABC News,
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
"Protesters denouncing Chinese policy in Tibet threw themselves at Jin. Most were wrestled away by police but at least one reached her wheelchair and tried to wrench the torch away." Jin was quoted by the state-run newspaper China Daily as saying that she "would die to protect the torch." The International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge commented on the incident, saying, "What shocked me most is when someone tried to rob (sic?) the torch off a wheelchair athlete, a disabled athlete who was unable to defend the torch. This is unacceptable." On her arrival back to Beijing, after the
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
Paris relay, Jin was interviewed by Sohu. Of her experience of the relay, she said: They began lunging towards me, trying to grab the torch from my hands. I tried to hide the torch with my body and managed to keep it from them. I was focused on the three or four separatists attacking me. I'm not sure how many were behind me. I felt people trying to take the torch from me. That's when some of the escort runners , as well as the tourist guide assigned to me in Paris, came over to help me, drawing the attackers
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
away. People ask me how I dealt with the danger. I don't think I thought too much about it. I trusted the escorts around me. They were the ones, along with my guide, that faced the danger. Commenting on Tibet itself in interviews, she said she knew little of politics before encountering the demonstrations in Paris, and had never heard of the pro-Tibet independence movement. When asked by the UK's The Daily Telegraph she also said, "My opinion before was that Tibet was an inseparable part of our country, now I hold this point more firmly than before." Jin has been
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
celebrated first on internet bulletin boards and soon in Chinese media. She was treated to a hero's welcome upon her return to Beijing and China's news reports described her as the "Smiling Angel in Wheelchair" and the "Most Beautiful Torchbearer". According to Canada's The Globe and Mail, initially the state media of China censored all reports on the torch protests and the incident involving Jin Jing, but it soon reported on the protest and portrayed China as the victim, thus appealing to patriotic sentiments. The UK's The Times wrote that Chinese media coverage of the Paris leg of the
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
relay was "reminiscent of the Cultural Revolution when propaganda organs were able to whip up the public into a frenzy of rage over an issue of their choice." The Associated Press wrote that Jin is "now known as a defender of China's dignity" and joins "a list of heroes promoted by the communist government's propaganda authorities", while The Sydney Morning Herald called her a "new heroine in China" by whom Beijing "is trying to claw back one or two propaganda points from the torch's recent rocky progress." The French magazine Marianne devoted a full page to her in its
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
26 April edition, and commented that the Chinese flame attendants were "strangely" absent when Jin carried the torch, leaving it up to the French police alone to guard Jin and her companions. But according to the interview Jin gave to Sohu on April 9, she was waiting to accept the flame as the third torchbearer, and security was "relatively light" around her, when the protestors "began lunging" at her. Marianne wrote that Jin's story had become a "legend skillfully propagated" by the Chinese media: "Images of Jin Jing holding the torch against her heart, her eyes closed in her lovely
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
face, are being shown over and over on CCTV and are inflaming the Chinese Internet," making Jin famous for "hundreds of millions of Chinese viewers and netizens." The French newspaper Le Figaro published an analysis of what it referred to as "the Jin Jing phenomenon": "The media have been drumming into people's heads the story of this young woman who became, in the space of an incident in Paris, the symbol of Chinese pride in the face of Western hostility. The actions of the media bore their fruit, and the 'angel in a wheelchair' has generated unprecedented enthusiasm in China
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
and among Chinese communities all over the world." The event involving Jin Jing in Paris sparked outrage around China, and Chinese citizens started to urge on the internet for a boycott of French goods and businesses, and touted to "hunt down" the protester who accosted Jin and "teach him a lesson." On April 21, two weeks after the incident, Jin received a personal letter from French president Nicolas Sarkozy, delivered by Senate President Christian Poncelet. In the letter Sarkozy referred to the attack as "intolerable", and said he "condemns it with the utmost force." Xinhua reported that Jin was "very
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
glad to be invited by President Sarkozy to France" and that she "hope[d] to contribute her own efforts to cementing the Sino-France friendship". However, Jin also expressed her disappointment to the press later that Sarkozy "expressed regret, shock and condemnation but no apology." On September 18, 2008, Jin was received by President Sarkozy at the Palais de l'Elysée. Sarkozy publicly stated that he was "very happy to greet [her]", and praised her "exemplary courage". Reuters, describing Jin as a "nationalist icon", reported that the incident in Paris had "caused a diplomatic rift between China and France that Sarkozy has been at
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2008 Summer Olympics torch relay & Boycott of Carrefour
pains to mend ever since", and that his hosting of Jin at the Elysée palace was a means of "heal[ing] [the] rift". Boycott of Carrefour In April 2008, amidst calls in China to boycott French retailer Carrefour to show anger towards France and the experience Jin Jing had in Paris, Jin said she does not want people to boycott Carrefour since most of its employees are Chinese and they will be first affected. She also spoke in support of "Chinese people's friendship with the French", wished the best for French athletes at the Beijing Olympics, and added: "We Chinese people
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Boycott of Carrefour
will certainly welcome French people and athletes to China with a tolerant, friendly and passionate attitude." She had received strong personal attacks on Chinese bulletin boards, though her popularity is still considered very high. So far, she is still called "The Angel in Wheelchair".
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Jin Kazama
Creation and design
Jin Kazama Creation and design Tekken series director Katsuhiro Harada has stated that Jin is his favorite character in the overall series alongside Heihachi Mishima as he states that the story from Tekken is written from Jin's perspective because of being the main character. Jin's concept was that of an innocent young kid corrupted by the evils of society that would become one of the series' greatest villains as crafted by Harada for approximately ten years. He was introduced using the concept of "misfortunate character" following his dark character arc across the series. Nevertheless, the staff also wanted to make
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Jin Kazama
Creation and design
him into a determined character. By transforming into a villain in Tekken 6, Harada motivated players to use the Scenario Campaign to explore Jin's darker character arc as well as his possible with newcomer Lars Alexandersson. In response to claims that the story of Tekken was complicated, Harada denied as he saw it as a "simple" struggle between members from the Mishima family. While by 2017, fans still saw Jin as a hero, Harada replied that the character is still responsible for creating wars and thus, there was black and white morality. For Tekken 7, Jin was made into a hidden
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Jin Kazama
Creation and design
sub-boss in the game's arcade mode with requirements being to unlock being too difficult as explained by Harada. Tekken 5 also features a special costume designed by guest artist Mutsumi Inomata for Jin: it is a panda-themed costume with an unzipped jacket that only reaches just above his midriff with a blue flame motif and a matching white pants. In Tekken 6, replacing the jumpsuit, Jin instead wears a long black coat similar to the one that he wore in his ending in Tekken 5. Jin's alternative outfit in Tekken 6 was designed by Clamp, a group of four Japanese
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Creation and design
manga artists. Before the revelation of Jin's inclusion in Tekken 7, there were many gamers who asked Harada if Jin survived to his battle against Azazel in Tekken 6. Harada refrained from answering Jin's status but stated Tekken 7 will be a proper sequel to the series with or without Jin. In 2016, Harada commented he had his own family. As a result he compared it with the violent characters from Tekken who are contanstly fighting each other: Heihachi, Jin and Kazuya. He viewed this type of family too hard in comparison. In regards to ending the rivalry between Jin
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Creation and design
and Kazuya, Harada stated Jun Kazama would be present in the story. For the film Tekken: Blood Vengeance, writer Dai Satō added both Jin and Kazuya to be a pair of men to provide "visual eye-candy" in the same way with the William sisters. While Jin and Xiaoyu appeared to have developed a close relationship, Satō did not want to explore a romantical one in the movie. Instead, the writer wanted to use these pairs to be played together in the spin-off game Tekken Tag Tournament 2 which relies on the use of teams composed of two fighters. Jon Foo felt honored
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Creation and design & Gameplay
to play Jin's character in the live-action film based on the series. He remarks being a fan of the Tekken games. Still, he found difficulties in playing Jin as he spent three months with a diet to do fighting moves for the live-action movie. In the making of the film, Foo accidentally wounded Cung Le during the filming of the movie. The film's director, Dwight Little, found this accident common in fighting movies. Gameplay As a result of being introduced as the protagonist in Tekken 3, Jin's movements were made to be balanced so that he would not have neither
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Gameplay
strong or weak movesets, which caused difficulties in the design of the character. As Jin has no model for his fighting style, several of his karate moves were created by the Tekken staff. Ryu Narushima was Jin's motion actor as Narushima also possessed regular karate in his fighting style. In his early appearances, Jin's moves were a blend between both of his parents, Jun Kazama and Kazuya Mishima—a combination of "Kazama-Style Self Defense" and "Mishima Fighting Karate". He fights in this style in both Tekken 3 and Tekken Tag Tournament. In Tekken 4, however, this style was discarded in favor
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Jin Kazama
Gameplay & Main Tekken series
of "traditional" Karate. Jin Kazama is often regarded as the best character choice in Tekken 4. As Jin's power was therefore reduced, in following games he would go through minor changes. Devil Jin incorporates moves from Jin's previous incarnations, which makes him a stronger fighter than Jin. In preparations for Tekken 7, Harada comments he would often try Devil Jin if he was an "intermediate player" comparing his skills with Heihachi's. For Capcom's crossover game Street Fighter X Tekken, the official guide noted how Jin could easily counterattack enemy's moves. Main Tekken series Jin's first appearance was within Tekken 3,
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Jin Kazama
Main Tekken series
where he is introduced as a boy "claiming to be Heihachi's grandson" as a result of being the child of Jun Kazama and Kazuya Mishima. Jin was raised by his mother until a few days after his 15th birthday, when Jun was attacked by Ogre and disappeared. Swearing revenge, Jin goes to train with his grandfather, Heihachi Mishima. During Tekken 3, Jin defeats the Ogre in the third King of Iron Fist tournament, but is betrayed by Heihachi. Jin's Devil Gene then awakes, allowing him to survive Heihachi's attack and escape. By Tekken 4, Jin fell into a pit of self-hatred,
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Main Tekken series
despising everything related to the Mishimas. Learning a new karate style for two years, Jin enters into a new tournament where he is about to confront his father until the Tekken Force captures him. The Tekken Forces take him to Honmaru. As he is about to face his father, Kazuya Mishima, Jin's Devil Gene starts causing him to mutate. after his Devil form awakens, Jin tries to kill Heihachi, but spares him after remembering his mother. Immediately after leaving Heihachi, Jin's Devil form goes berserk and leaves the area. Seeking to control the Devil Gene, Jin enters Tekken 5's fighting tournament.