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{"datasets_id": 498, "wiki_id": "Q4761925", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 222} | 498 | Q4761925 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 222 | Angalamman Temple, Kaveripakkam | Architecture | Angalamman Temple, Kaveripakkam Angalamman Temple is a Hindu temple located in the town of Kaveripakkam in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is one of the earliest stone structures in Tamil Nadu and has remains of the Pallava and the early Medieval Chola period. The temple is dedicated to Angalamman. Architecture While the temple is dedicated to Angalamman, the idol of Shiva is the most prominent and characteristic of the Shiva temples of the period. He is seated in the utkutikasana posture with the leaves of the Vedas in his hand. |
{"datasets_id": 499, "wiki_id": "Q2626053", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 591} | 499 | Q2626053 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 591 | Angel Chervenkov | As a player | Angel Chervenkov As a player As a footballer, Chervenkov played as a defender for Tundzha Yambol (1980–1981), Armeets Sofia (1981–1984), CSKA Sofia (1984–1987), Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa (1987–1989), Etar Veliko Tarnovo (1989–1994) and Montana (1994–1996). In Bulgaria's top division, the A PFG, Chervenkov had 298 matches and 40 goals. He won the championship twice, in 1987 with CSKA and in 1991 with Etar, once finished second (with CSKA in 1985) and once third (with Etar in 1990). With CSKA, Chervenkov has two Bulgarian Cup trophies (1985 and 1987) and two Cup of the Soviet Army trophies (1985 and 1986). In the |
{"datasets_id": 499, "wiki_id": "Q2626053", "sp": 6, "sc": 591, "ep": 10, "ec": 336} | 499 | Q2626053 | 6 | 591 | 10 | 336 | Angel Chervenkov | As a player & As a manager | European tournaments, he has featured in 6 matches, scoring once (in one of his two matches for Etar, the rest being for CSKA). Internationally, Chervenkov has 5 caps for the Bulgaria national team. He participated in European Championship 1991/92. As a manager Chervenkov started his coaching career in CSKA's youth academy being there from 1999 to 2001. Then he worked as assistant manager at Cherno More Varna in 2002. Year later he return in CSKA Sofia First team as assistant manager (2003 - 2007 ) and won Bulgarian Title (2005) Bulgarian cup (2006) and Bulgarian Supercup (2007). In 2007, he |
{"datasets_id": 499, "wiki_id": "Q2626053", "sp": 10, "sc": 336, "ep": 10, "ec": 821} | 499 | Q2626053 | 10 | 336 | 10 | 821 | Angel Chervenkov | As a manager | took in charge FBK Kaunas and won Lithuanian Supercup.
Later that year he became manager of Heart of Midlothian F.C.. In 2010, he won the Bulgarian A Group with Litex Lovech.
He managed in Ukraine FC Sevastopol twice (2011, 2014 ), Arsenal Kyiv (2015) and Slovakia FC Tatran Presov (2012), and on 8 June 2016 returned to Bulgarian football becoming a manager of Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa who had been promoted to the new top level division in Bulgaria - Parva Liga. |
{"datasets_id": 500, "wiki_id": "Q4762543", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 244} | 500 | Q4762543 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 244 | Angela Rumbold | Education & Marriage and early career | Angela Rumbold Education She was educated at the Perse School for Girls, Cambridge, Notting Hill & Ealing High School and King's College, London. She qualified as a barrister after earning her LLB, but never practised. She travelled across the United States with her father, a physicist who was Pro-Rector of the Imperial College until his death. Marriage and early career She married John Rumbold, a solicitor, by whom she had two sons and a daughter and, as of November 2008, seven grandchildren.
She returned to a working life after raising her children and worked as the Chief Executive for a charity, The |
{"datasets_id": 500, "wiki_id": "Q4762543", "sp": 10, "sc": 244, "ep": 14, "ec": 182} | 500 | Q4762543 | 10 | 244 | 14 | 182 | Angela Rumbold | Marriage and early career & Politician | National Association for the Welfare of Children in Hospital. Following that post, as she had become a local councillor, she worked at the Greater London Council as a researcher, transferring across to work on the London desk at Conservative Central Office.
She served on many national committees including the Doctors’ and Dentists’ Review Body and was Chairman of the Teachers’ Negotiating Committee until it was closed down by Act of Parliament. Politician Rumbold served as a councillor in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames between 1974 and 1983.
In 1982, Bruce Douglas-Mann, the MP for Mitcham and Morden, left the Labour |
{"datasets_id": 500, "wiki_id": "Q4762543", "sp": 14, "sc": 182, "ep": 14, "ec": 799} | 500 | Q4762543 | 14 | 182 | 14 | 799 | Angela Rumbold | Politician | Party to join the Social Democratic Party (SDP). He decided to resign as an MP and seek re-election under the SDP banner. The resulting by-election was held during the Falklands War and was won by Rumbold. She held the seat for the Conservatives in the landslide 1983 general election and for a further 14 years, usually with robust majorities.
Angela Rumbold served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Transport, Under Secretary at the Department of Environment, Minister of State for Education and Minister of State at the Home Office. In 1992 she became the Deputy Chairman of |
{"datasets_id": 500, "wiki_id": "Q4762543", "sp": 14, "sc": 799, "ep": 18, "ec": 425} | 500 | Q4762543 | 14 | 799 | 18 | 425 | Angela Rumbold | Politician & School governor | the Conservative Party.
At the 1997 general election she lost her seat to Labour's Siobhain McDonagh on a swing of 11.6%, similar to the national average. School governor After leaving the House of Commons in 1997 she returned to many of her voluntary activities. She was Chair of the Governing Body of both Danes Hill School in Oxshott and Surbiton High School in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, as well as Vice Chair of the Governing Body of Tolworth Girls’ School, a large secondary modern school also in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames.
She was Chair of Governors |
{"datasets_id": 500, "wiki_id": "Q4762543", "sp": 18, "sc": 425, "ep": 18, "ec": 1037} | 500 | Q4762543 | 18 | 425 | 18 | 1,037 | Angela Rumbold | School governor | of Wimbledon High School and a Governor of More House Girls’ School in Knightsbridge. She was Chair of the Court of Governors of Mill Hill School for nine years and set up its Pre-prep School Grimsdells. She also chaired the Minerva Fund for replacement of bursaries in Girls' Day School Trust schools after the closure of the Assisted Places Scheme.
She was co-Chair of the Association of Governing Bodies of Independent Schools, and Chair of the Finance and General Purposes Committee of the Independent Schools Council. She was a member of the Trust and Governing Council of the United Church Schools |
{"datasets_id": 500, "wiki_id": "Q4762543", "sp": 18, "sc": 1037, "ep": 18, "ec": 1084} | 500 | Q4762543 | 18 | 1,037 | 18 | 1,084 | Angela Rumbold | School governor | Trust, and Chair of the United Learning Trust. |
{"datasets_id": 501, "wiki_id": "Q4762973", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 487} | 501 | Q4762973 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 487 | Angelo State University College of Liberal and Fine Arts | Center for Security Studies | Angelo State University College of Liberal and Fine Arts Center for Security Studies The Angelo State University Center for Security Studies was founded in 2008 in conjuncture with the U.S. Department of Defense. The center will initially offer Bachelor of Arts in International Cultural Fluency, focusing on the language, culture and traditions of the Middle East, Europe, Africa and China. Though concentration will be on offering degrees to Air Force Intelligence members studying at Goodfellow Air Force Base the degrees will be available to all Angelo State Students. |
{"datasets_id": 502, "wiki_id": "Q539702", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 471} | 502 | Q539702 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 471 | Angiopathy | By caliber | Angiopathy Angiopathy is the generic term for a disease of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The best known and most prevalent angiopathy is diabetic angiopathy, a common complication of chronic diabetes. By caliber There are two types of angiopathy: macroangiopathy and microangiopathy.
In macroangiopathy, atherosclerosis and a resultant blood clot forms on the large blood vessels, sticks to the vessel walls, and blocks the flow of blood. Macroangiopathy may cause other complications, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease which contributes to the diabetic foot ulcers and the risk of amputation.
In microangiopathy, the walls of the |
{"datasets_id": 502, "wiki_id": "Q539702", "sp": 8, "sc": 471, "ep": 8, "ec": 1126} | 502 | Q539702 | 8 | 471 | 8 | 1,126 | Angiopathy | By caliber | smaller blood vessels become so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood through the body. The decrease of blood flow through stenosis or clot formation impairs the flow of oxygen to cells and biological tissues (called ischemia) and leads to cellular death (necrosis and gangrene, which in turn may require amputation). Thus, tissues which are very sensitive to oxygen levels, such as the retina, develop microangiopathy and may cause blindness (so-called proliferative diabetic retinopathy). Damage to nerve cells may cause peripheral neuropathy, and to kidney cells, diabetic nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome). |
{"datasets_id": 503, "wiki_id": "Q16974275", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 652} | 503 | Q16974275 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 652 | Angomonas deanei | Structure | Angomonas deanei Structure The body of Angomonas deanei is elliptical in shape, with a prominent tail-like flagellum at its posterior end for locomotion. The bacterial endosymbiont is inside its body and is surrounded by two membranes typical of Gram-negative bacteria, but its cell membrane presents unusual features, such as the presence of phosphatidylcholine, a major membrane lipid (atypical of bacterial membranes), and the highly reduced peptidoglycan layer, which shows reduced or absence of rigid cell wall. The cell membrane of the protozoan host contains an 18-domain β-barrel porin, which is a characteristic protein of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition it contains |
{"datasets_id": 503, "wiki_id": "Q16974275", "sp": 6, "sc": 652, "ep": 6, "ec": 1362} | 503 | Q16974275 | 6 | 652 | 6 | 1,362 | Angomonas deanei | Structure | cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine as the major phospholipids, while sterols are absent. Cardiolipin is a typical lipid of bacterial membranes; phosphatidylcholine, on the other hand, is mostly present in symbiotic prokaryotes of eukaryotic cells. For symbiotic adaptation, the host trypanosome has undergone alterations such as reduced paraflagellar rod, which is required full motility of the bacterial flagella. Yet the paraflagellar rod gene PFR1 is fully functional. The bacteria are known to provide essential nutrients to the host, and provide electron transport system for the production of cellular energy, the ATP molecules through its glycosomes. The bacteria synthesise amino acids, vitamins, and |
{"datasets_id": 503, "wiki_id": "Q16974275", "sp": 6, "sc": 1362, "ep": 10, "ec": 112} | 503 | Q16974275 | 6 | 1,362 | 10 | 112 | Angomonas deanei | Structure & Reproduction | haem for the protozoan. In return the protozoan offers its enzymes for the complete metabolic pathways for the biosysnthesis of amino acids, lipids and nucleotides, that are absent in the bacterium. Phosphatidylinositol, a membrane lipid required for cell-cell interaction, in the bacteria is also synthesised by the protozoan. Thus the two organisms intimately share and exchange their metabolic systems. When the bacterium is killed using antibiotics, the protozoan can no longer infect insects, due to the altered glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gp63) in the protozoan flagellum. Reproduction The cellular reproduction shows a strong synergistic adaptation between the bacterium and the protozoan. As each |
{"datasets_id": 503, "wiki_id": "Q16974275", "sp": 10, "sc": 112, "ep": 14, "ec": 427} | 503 | Q16974275 | 10 | 112 | 14 | 427 | Angomonas deanei | Reproduction & Evolution | symbiont is each of a single bacterium and a protozoan, and each daughter cell contains the same number, the two cells divide in a coordinated process. The bacterium divides first, followed by the protozoan organelles, and lastly the nucleus. Evolution Symbiotic bacteria in the trypanosomatid protozoa are descended from a β-proteobacterium of the genus Bordetella. With A. deanei, the bacteria have co-evolved in a mutualistic relationship characterised by intense metabolic exchanges. The endosymbiont contains enzymes and metabolic precursors that complete essential biosynthetic pathways of the host protozoan, such as those in the urea cycle and the production of haemin and |
{"datasets_id": 503, "wiki_id": "Q16974275", "sp": 14, "sc": 427, "ep": 14, "ec": 1087} | 503 | Q16974275 | 14 | 427 | 14 | 1,087 | Angomonas deanei | Evolution | polyamine.
The symbiotic bacterium belongs to β-proteobacterium family Alcaligenaceae. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, it is known that it originated from a common ancestor kinetoplastid with Blastocrithidia species. The two groups are assumed to enter two different host protozoans to evolve into different species. Hence the scientific name (Candidatus) Kinetoplastibacterium crithidii was given to the bacterium. Although it was initially proposed that the bacterium evolved from a common ancestor with members of Bordetella, however, detailed phylogenomic analysis revealed that it is more closely related to members of the genus Taylorella. |
{"datasets_id": 504, "wiki_id": "Q4763916", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 300} | 504 | Q4763916 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 300 | Angram Grange | Angram Grange Angram Grange is a small civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England, about 7 miles south-east of Thirsk. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 17. In 2015 the population was estimated at 20.
The parish was originally a township in the parish of Coxwold. |
|
{"datasets_id": 505, "wiki_id": "Q4763937", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 147} | 505 | Q4763937 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 147 | Angry Guest | Synopsis & Plot | Angry Guest Synopsis Fan Ke (David Chiang) and Wenlie (Ti Lung) are back, and this time they're up against a powerful Japanese crime syndicate (headed by director Chang Cheh, himself). Not only that, but Killer (Chan Sing), the head villain from "Duel of Fists," has escaped prison and wants retribution. Killer's revenge plot leads to Wenlie's girlfriend's kidnapping, and forces the two heroes to travel to Japan to set things straight and kick some ass. Plot In Thailand, an architect and his brother capture a gangster wanted by the authorities, a ruthless man named Killer. However he escapes from prison |
{"datasets_id": 505, "wiki_id": "Q4763937", "sp": 10, "sc": 147, "ep": 10, "ec": 664} | 505 | Q4763937 | 10 | 147 | 10 | 664 | Angry Guest | Plot | and seeks revenge by killing the brother's family and holding his girlfriend hostage in Japan. Although they catch up with him, they are blackmailed in that if they don't let Killer free, the girlfriend will be killed. Soon after arriving in Japan they are helped by a rival veteran crime boss who wants to oust Killer the gangster for good and dominate his operations.
It leads to a climax scene where Killer's gang are invaded on a construction site, complete with diggers and machinery used in the battle. |
{"datasets_id": 506, "wiki_id": "Q1962402", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 100} | 506 | Q1962402 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 100 | Anima Mundi (film) | Release | Anima Mundi (film) Release The short was released on the Criterion Collection alongside the Qatsi trilogy on December 11, 2012. |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 641} | 507 | Q28134963 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 641 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture (AnGR) are a subset of genetic resources (defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity as "genetic material of actual or potential value") and a specific element of agricultural biodiversity. The term animal genetic resources refers specifically to the genetic resources of avian and mammalian species, which are used for food and agriculture purposes. Further terms referring to AnGR are "farm animal genetic resources" or "livestock diversity".
AnGR can be embodied in live populations or in conserved genetic materials such as cryoconserved semen or embryos. The diversity of |
|
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 4, "sc": 641, "ep": 8, "ec": 80} | 507 | Q28134963 | 4 | 641 | 8 | 80 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | animal genetic resources includes diversity at species, breed and within-breed level. Known are currently 8,800 different breeds of birds and mammals within 38 species used for food and agriculture. The main animal species used for food and agriculture production are cattle, sheep, goats, chickens and pigs. In the livestock world, these species are often referred to as "the big five". Some less-utilized species include the dromedary, donkey, bactrian camel, buffalo, guinea pig, horse, rabbit, yak, goose, duck, ostrich,partridge, pheasant, pigeon, and turkey. History of animal genetic resources The history of animal genetic resources begins about 12,000 to 14,000 years ago. |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 80, "ep": 8, "ec": 808} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 80 | 8 | 808 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | The domestication of major crop and livestock species in the early neolithic time period changed our human evolution and lifestyles. This ability to control food production led to major demographic, technological, political and military changes. Consecutively, thousands of years of natural and human selection, genetic drift, inbreeding, and crossbreeding have contributed to the diversification of animal genetic resources and increased the variety of environments and production systems that livestock keeping takes place. Relatively few species have been domesticated; out of the world's 148 non-carnivorous species weighing more than 45 kg, only 15 have been successfully domesticated. The proportion of domesticated birds |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 808, "ep": 8, "ec": 1460} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 808 | 8 | 1,460 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | used for food and agriculture is even lower- 10 out of 10,000. The reason these numbers are so low is because it is rare to find species with all of the behavioral and physiological traits necessary for domestication. These traits include lack of aggression towards humans, a strong gregarious instinct, a "follow the leader" dominance hierarchy, a tendency not to panic when disturbed, a diet that can be easily supplied by humans (herbivores), a rapid growth rate, relatively short intervals between births, and large litter size.
Besides their initial domestication, dispersion and migration of these domesticated species has had an equally |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 1460, "ep": 8, "ec": 2224} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 1,460 | 8 | 2,224 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | important impact on shaping the composition of livestock diversity. The process of migration likely varied between regions, but certainly involved the movement of human populations and cultural exchanges between populations. In order to look back and determine where livestock domestication occurred, osteometric information from archaeological sites, and ancient livestock DNA studies are useful tools.
Other factors such as mutations, genetic drift and natural and artificial selection have also played a role in shaping the diversity of livestock populations. As animal populations migrated away from their original sites of domestication, sub-populations were formed through geographic and genetic isolation. Interbreeding within these sub-populations |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 2224, "ep": 8, "ec": 2958} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 2,224 | 8 | 2,958 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | between individuals that thrived in the local prevailing environmental conditions (and were thus better able to reproduce) contributed to the formation of distinct groups of animals, known as breeds. This isolation of sub-populations allowed the simultaneous increase in diversification between these sub-populations and increase in uniformity within them. Human intervention through artificial selection of animals with desirable characteristics further increased the differentiation among and uniformity within breeds. Examples of traits that have been deliberately selected by humans include growth rate, milk or egg production, coat color, meat quality, and age of maturity, among many others. The process of artificial selection |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 2958, "ep": 8, "ec": 3649} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 2,958 | 8 | 3,649 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | has been the main reason for gains in output from commercial breeds, whereas the adaptation of indigenous livestock to diverse and challenging environments (natural selection) has been the main factor for their continued survival and production value. Overall, selection, whether it be natural or artificial, generally results in reduced genetic variation.
Over the past 250 years the greatest changes in livestock diversity and creation of formal breeds have occurred mainly due to changes that began in England in the late 18th century. These changes have included development of systematic pedigree and performance recording and applying specific breeding objectives. This led to |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 3649, "ep": 8, "ec": 4330} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 3,649 | 8 | 4,330 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources | the fixation of breed-specific traits and an increase in productivity. Some breeds were interbred as distinct, isolated populations, while many breeds continued to interact with each other as a result of intentional cross-breeding or unintended introgression. Before the end of the 19th century, several breeds had been absorbed by other populations. In the 19th century, railways and steamships increased the long-distance transportation of livestock. After the Second World War, artificial insemination became common in cattle and pig breeding. As a result of these developments, a limited number of transboundary commercial breeds, such as the Holstein cow and Large White pig, |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 8, "sc": 4330, "ep": 12, "ec": 383} | 507 | Q28134963 | 8 | 4,330 | 12 | 383 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | History of animal genetic resources & Benefits and uses of livestock diversity | have become very widespread and nowadays increasingly dominate livestock production globally. Thus, understanding the origins and the history of distribution of livestock are central to maintaining their current utilization and long-term conservation as resources. Benefits and uses of livestock diversity The wide number of livestock breeds and the genetic diversity within them mean that animal genetic resources have a substantial value to society. The different breeds provide a wide range of animal products and services for the benefit of humankind. The diversity of animal genetic resources allows livestock to be raised successfully in a diverse range of different environments and |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 12, "sc": 383, "ep": 12, "ec": 1073} | 507 | Q28134963 | 12 | 383 | 12 | 1,073 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Benefits and uses of livestock diversity | underpins the supply of a range of different products and services: from meat, milk and eggs to fuel, manure and draught power.
Diversity also allows the flexibility to change breeding goals if needed and emphasize alternative traits in response to changes in markets or other conditions. For example, the Holstein Friesian Cow, which is widely used for its whole milk production. Changes in cereal feed availability or demand for low-solid-content milk may decrease the advantage of breeding Holstein cows.
Different breeds produce specific wool, hairs and leather for clothing, carpets and furniture and are often the basis for traditional garments.
Local breeds |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 12, "sc": 1073, "ep": 12, "ec": 1765} | 507 | Q28134963 | 12 | 1,073 | 12 | 1,765 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Benefits and uses of livestock diversity | that were developed by a given community often have a huge cultural significance for that community. Livestock are often a source of wealth and are critical for its maintenance. They appear frequently in art and often play key roles in traditional customs, such as religious ceremonies, sporting events and weddings. Cultural ecosystem services also create significant economic opportunities in fields such as tourism (including, in the context of food and agriculture, farm holidays and visits to areas with historical or scenic farming or forest landscapes) and recreational hunting.
Breeds that have been developed primarily through natural selection have effectively evolved with |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 12, "sc": 1765, "ep": 12, "ec": 2461} | 507 | Q28134963 | 12 | 1,765 | 12 | 2,461 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Benefits and uses of livestock diversity | their environments and usually provide ecosystem services, such as landscape management, vegetation control, and promotion of biodiversity, that are critical for maintaining those landscapes. For example, the Engadine sheep, which were near extinction in the 1980s, today help to preserve centuries-old grassland in the Alps by eating invasive shrubs. Grazing livestock also help sequester carbon by removing plant material and encouraging regrowth and thus the movement of carbon from the air into soil organic matter.
Greater livestock diversity allows humans to be better prepared to meet future challenges, such as climate change. Having access to a range of diverse livestock traits |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 12, "sc": 2461, "ep": 16, "ec": 160} | 507 | Q28134963 | 12 | 2,461 | 16 | 160 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Benefits and uses of livestock diversity & Current state of the world's animal genetic resources | may allow for greater ability to cope with harsh climates and emerging diseases. Animals with unique adaptive abilities, such as resistance or tolerance to diseases and pests, or ability to thrive on poor feed and cope with dry or hot climates can help humans be more resilient to changes in climate. Within breeds, greater genetic diversity allows for continued selection for improving a given trait, such as disease resistance. Current state of the world's animal genetic resources The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has taken initiative and published two global assessments of livestock biodiversity: The State |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 16, "sc": 160, "ep": 16, "ec": 792} | 507 | Q28134963 | 16 | 160 | 16 | 792 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Current state of the world's animal genetic resources | of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (2007) and The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (2015).
Although many diverse species and breeds of animals are currently available for food and agricultural production, there is more work to be done on classifying their risk of extinction: in 2014, 17% of the world's farm animal breeds are at risk of extinction and 58% are of unknown risk status, meaning that the problem may be underestimated. The world's pool of animal genetic resources is also currently shrinking, with rapid and uncontrolled |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 16, "sc": 792, "ep": 16, "ec": 1436} | 507 | Q28134963 | 16 | 792 | 16 | 1,436 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Current state of the world's animal genetic resources | loss of breeds and conjointly their often uncharacterized genes. Nearly 100 livestock breeds have gone extinct between 2000 and 2014. With the loss of these breeds comes the loss of their unique adaptive traits, which are often under the control of many different genes and complex interactions between the genotype and the environment. In order to protect these unique traits, and the diversity they allow, collaborative global efforts towards the characterization and management of these genetic resources must be made. Unlike plants, which can be easily conserved in seed banks, a large portion of livestock genetic diversity relies on live |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 16, "sc": 1436, "ep": 16, "ec": 2155} | 507 | Q28134963 | 16 | 1,436 | 16 | 2,155 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Current state of the world's animal genetic resources | populations and their interactions with the environment.
Progress is being made in the characterization and management of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. Recent advances in molecular genetics have provided data on the history and current status of animal genetic resources. Genetic markers and molecular studies are being used to characterize livestock diversity and to reconstruct the events that have shaped the present diversity patterns, including ancestry, prehistoric and historical migrations, admixture, and genetic isolation. Exploration of the past is essential to understand trends and to better characterize the current state of animal genetic resources. In 2009, six years after |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 16, "sc": 2155, "ep": 20, "ec": 130} | 507 | Q28134963 | 16 | 2,155 | 20 | 130 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Current state of the world's animal genetic resources & Characterization of animal genetic resources | the completion of the human genome project, cattle became one of the first livestock species to have a fully mapped genome.
Some general conclusions from recent molecular studies show that individual breeds only differ by typically 40% in total genetic molecular composition; species differ by about 80% of their genetic material. Additionally, breeds with well-defined and appreciated traits tend to be inbred and have low genetic diversity, while non-descript local populations tend to have high molecular genetic diversity. Characterization of animal genetic resources Characterization of animal genetic resources is a prerequisite for its management. Advances in molecular genetics have provided us |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 20, "sc": 130, "ep": 20, "ec": 870} | 507 | Q28134963 | 20 | 130 | 20 | 870 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Characterization of animal genetic resources | with tools to better understand livestock origin and diversity. There are many technologies capable of determining genetic profiles, including whole genome sequencing, shotgun sequencing, RNA sequencing and DNA microarray analysis. These techniques allow us to map genomes and then analyze their implications through bioinformatics and statistical analysis. Molecular genetic studies, especially genome-wide association studies and whole-genome sequencing allow adaptive traits to be linked to genomic regions, genes, or even mutations. For example, horn size, meat quality, gait, and prenatal growth in cattle all have single genes found to be responsible for these phenotypic traits.
Specific regions of DNA, such as quantitative |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 20, "sc": 870, "ep": 20, "ec": 1620} | 507 | Q28134963 | 20 | 870 | 20 | 1,620 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Characterization of animal genetic resources | trait loci (QTL), include genes affecting observable traits and thus have statistically detectable associations with those traits. However, DNA polymorphisms that are not linked to specific traits are now more commonly used as markers for genetic diversity studies. Different levels of genetic diversity information can be obtained from different kinds of genetic markers. For example, autosomal polymorphisms are used for population diversity estimates, estimation of genetic relationships and population genetic admixture, whereas mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms are used to detect geographic regions of domestication, reconstructing migration routes and the number of female founders. Drawing such inferences is possible because mitochondrial DNA |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 20, "sc": 1620, "ep": 24, "ec": 177} | 507 | Q28134963 | 20 | 1,620 | 24 | 177 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Characterization of animal genetic resources & Conservation of animal genetic resources | sequences are transferred only through egg cells of the female.
Some general conclusions from recent molecular studies show that individual breeds within species show variation at only about 1% of the genome, whereas the variation of genetic material between species is about 80%. Additionally, breeds with well-defined and appreciated traits tend to be inbred and have low genetic diversity, while non-descript local populations tend to have high molecular genetic diversity. Conservation of animal genetic resources For some breeds, opportunities for sustainable use are limited. For such breeds, to ensure that their critical genetic diversity is not lost, conservation programs are required. |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 24, "sc": 177, "ep": 26, "ec": 17} | 507 | Q28134963 | 24 | 177 | 26 | 17 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Conservation of animal genetic resources & Policy for animal genetic resources | Several approaches for conservation can be applied, including in situ conservation with live animal populations, and ex situ conservation or cryoconservation involving the freezing of genetic materials. In many instances, both of these approached are used in a complementary manner. In order to establish and strengthen these programs, more research on methods and technologies must be undertaken, especially for less common livestock species, and greater financial investment is required.
Many countries are currently operating conservation programs for their animal genetic resources, at least for some species and breeds. In situ conservation programs are the most commonly used approach. Policy for animal |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 26, "sc": 17, "ep": 28, "ec": 664} | 507 | Q28134963 | 26 | 17 | 28 | 664 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | genetic resources The management of issues regarding animal genetic resources on the global level is addressed by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), which is a body of FAO. In May 1997, The CGRFA established an Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITWG-AnGR). The ITWG-AnGR's objectives are to review the situation and issues related to agrobiodiversity of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. With this knowledge it can make recommendations and advise the Commission on these matters, and consider progress resulting from proposed interventions. This group worked with many |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 664, "ep": 28, "ec": 1291} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 664 | 28 | 1,291 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | partners and countries to produce the First Report on the State of Animal Genetic Resources, which served as the basis for creating the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (GPA). In 2007, the GPA was adopted by 109 countries as the first agreed international framework for the management of livestock biodiversity. The implementation of the GPA is overseen, monitored and evaluated by the CGRFA. The funding for this program arrives from a wide range of actors, under the guidelines of the Funding Strategy for the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources.
The access and |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 1291, "ep": 28, "ec": 1967} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 1,291 | 28 | 1,967 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | benefit sharing of animal genetic resources are currently regulated by the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit sharing, which is an agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. The Nagoya Protocol entered into force on 12 October 2014 and aims to provide a legal framework for the fair and equitable distribution of benefits arising from the utilization of all genetic resources, including animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. This protocol may have both positive and negative impacts on the exchange of animal genetic resources between signatory countries.
Within the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, AnGR are addressed under the |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 1967, "ep": 28, "ec": 2701} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 1,967 | 28 | 2,701 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | target 2.5: "By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed."
Which is monitored by the following indicators:
"2.5.1: Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long term conservation facilities.
2.5.2: Proportion of local breeds, classified as being at risk, not |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 2701, "ep": 28, "ec": 3406} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 2,701 | 28 | 3,406 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | at risk or unknown level of risk of extinction."
Although policies can have some negative consequences, they are nonetheless important. Lack of adequate policies can lead to the insufficient capacity to manage AnGRs, further a loss of genetic diversity and marginalization of relevant stakeholders, such as pastoralists, who are valuable players in maintaining livestock diversity.
To help regulate the ownership of genetic resources and control their utilization is one example where policies are necessary. Patenting of genetic resources is one approach that has been applied. Patenting of animal genetic resources reached its apex in the late 1990s, focusing on expressed sequence tags |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 3406, "ep": 28, "ec": 4114} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 3,406 | 28 | 4,114 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with associations in economically important traits. SNPs are important in marker-assisted breeding for the identification of traits such as meat or milk quality. At the same time, patenting activity involving transgenic livestock also increased. However, work on patents and characterization of AnGR declined sharply from 2001, caused by a combination of factors including an increasingly restrictive approach to the patentability of DNA sequences by patent offices and a lack of markets for food products from transgenic animals. Trends in activity arising from genome sequencing projects merit careful attention with regard to their implications (positive |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 4114, "ep": 28, "ec": 4854} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 4,114 | 28 | 4,854 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | or negative) for animal genetic resources management.
Increasingly complex issues are emerging that require balancing the interests of many stakeholders. In a time of rapid and unregulated change, livestock and their products should be used sustainably, developed and ultimately conserved. National planning should integrate "consumer affairs, human health matters, and the management of new biotechnologies, as well as physical and spatial planning of animal production in the context of urban expansion and protected areas."
There are many online databases for policies, national laws, treaties and regulations on food, agriculture and renewable natural resources, including animal genetic resources. FAOLEX is one of the |
{"datasets_id": 507, "wiki_id": "Q28134963", "sp": 28, "sc": 4854, "ep": 28, "ec": 4899} | 507 | Q28134963 | 28 | 4,854 | 28 | 4,899 | Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture | Policy for animal genetic resources | largest online databases, and is run by FAO. |
{"datasets_id": 508, "wiki_id": "Q4765149", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 458} | 508 | Q4765149 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 458 | Anime Mid-Atlantic | Programming & History | Anime Mid-Atlantic Programming The convention typically offers an anime music-video contest, artist's alley, dance, dealer's room, hall costume contest, karaoke, masquerade, panels, video game tournaments, video rooms, and workshops. History In 2001, Anime Mid-Atlantic became Richmond, Virginia's first anime convention and was held at the Holiday Inn Select Koger South Conference Center. The 2008 convention was scheduled to be held at the Hyatt Regency Crystal City in Washington, D.C., but due to a double-booking issue, the Hyatt canceled the conventions contract. The convention moved to the Holiday Inn Executive Center in Virginia Beach, Virginia. In 2010, the convention collected donations |
{"datasets_id": 508, "wiki_id": "Q4765149", "sp": 10, "sc": 458, "ep": 14, "ec": 284} | 508 | Q4765149 | 10 | 458 | 14 | 284 | Anime Mid-Atlantic | History & AMA Cosplay Fest | for the Make-A-Wish Foundation and held an event in remembrance of Carl Macek, who attended the convention in 2002 and was scheduled to attend the convention again before dying. The 2016 convention took place in the Chesapeake Conference Center, along with the Marriott Chesapeake and Wingate By Wyndham hotel. Due to the CEO's health issues, Anime Mid-Atlantic went on hiatus for 2019. AMA Cosplay Fest AMA Cosplay Fest is a three-day anime convention held during December/January at the Marriott Chesapeake in Chesapeake, Virginia. The convention's programming includes cosplay competitions, cosplay chess, fashion shows, karaoke, masquerade cosplay, panel discussions, tabletop gaming, |
{"datasets_id": 508, "wiki_id": "Q4765149", "sp": 14, "sc": 284, "ep": 14, "ec": 299} | 508 | Q4765149 | 14 | 284 | 14 | 299 | Anime Mid-Atlantic | AMA Cosplay Fest | and workshops. |
{"datasets_id": 509, "wiki_id": "Q17386393", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 567} | 509 | Q17386393 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 567 | Ann Mische | Career | Ann Mische Career Mische graduated from Yale University with a BA in philosophy 1986 and received her MA in 1992 and PhD in 1998 from The New School for Social Research both in sociology. From 1998 to 1999 she was the coordinator of the Workgroup on Networks, Culture and Social Dynamics, Lazarsfeld Center for the Social Sciences at Columbia University and was co-editor with Charles Tilly of an online pre-print series for the Lazarsfeld Center. From 1987 to 1990, Mische was an Institute of Current World Affairs Fellow for study in Brazil, which set the stage for her doctoral work |
{"datasets_id": 509, "wiki_id": "Q17386393", "sp": 6, "sc": 567, "ep": 10, "ec": 99} | 509 | Q17386393 | 6 | 567 | 10 | 99 | Ann Mische | Career & Contributions | and first publication. In 1994 she received a Fulbright-Hays Award to continue doctoral dissertation work in Brazil. She completed her dissertation on the political activity of youth activists in Brazil with guidance from Charles Tilly, Ira Katznelson and Harrison White.
From 2001 to 2008, she was the co-editor of journal Social Movement Studies and on the editorial boards of several journals, including Sociological Theory, Qualitative Sociology, American Journal of Sociology. She was chair of the Theory (2007-2008) and the Political Sociology (2013–14) sections of the American Sociological Association. Contributions Her 2008 publication Partisan Publics: Communication and Contention across Brazilian Youth Activist |
{"datasets_id": 509, "wiki_id": "Q17386393", "sp": 10, "sc": 99, "ep": 10, "ec": 791} | 509 | Q17386393 | 10 | 99 | 10 | 791 | Ann Mische | Contributions | Networks received an honorable mention for the Best Book Award in Political Sociology from the American Sociological Association. John W. Mohr states that, with this book, "Mische sets a new standard for how to conceptualize the dynamic analysis of an institutional field," and Ronald Breiger contends that "Ann Mische establishes herself at the forefront of research seeking solid foundations for a sociology of action and structure that takes seriously cultural projects and partisanship, networks and narratives, institutions and communicative action, and the creation and demise of publics." Partisan Politics was published in the Princeton University Press' Series: Princeton Studies in |
{"datasets_id": 509, "wiki_id": "Q17386393", "sp": 10, "sc": 791, "ep": 10, "ec": 1059} | 509 | Q17386393 | 10 | 791 | 10 | 1,059 | Ann Mische | Contributions | Cultural Sociology, which "aims to present for a broad audience a select number of works by the most prominent and the most promising scholars in cultural sociology." The series is edited by Paul J. DiMaggio, Michèle Lamont, Robert J. Wuthnow, and Viviana A. Zelizer. |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 167} | 510 | Q3297953 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 167 | Ann Reinking | Early life & Career | Ann Reinking Early life Reinking was born in Seattle, Washington, the daughter of Frances (née Harrison) and Walter Reinking. She grew up in the suburb of Bellevue. As a child, Reinking began ballet lessons, studying with former Ballets Russes dancers Marian and Illaria Ladre in Seattle.
Reinking made her professional performing debut at the age of 12 in a production of Giselle with the English Royal Ballet. Career Reinking moved to New York City at age 18, and danced as a member of the corps de ballet at the Radio City Music Hall, performed in the ensemble of the second national |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 167, "ep": 10, "ec": 753} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 167 | 10 | 753 | Ann Reinking | Career | tour of Fiddler on the Roof, and at the age of 19 made her Broadway debut in the musical Cabaret. She was a chorus dancer in Coco (1969), Wild and Wonderful (1971), and Pippin (1972). During Pippin she came to the attention of the show's director and choreographer Bob Fosse. Reinking became Fosse's protégée and romantic partner, an affair that continued even as Fosse was still legally married to (though separated from) Gwen Verdon at the time.
In 1974, Reinking came to critical notice in the role of Maggie in Over Here!, winning a Theatre World Award. She starred as Joan |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 753, "ep": 10, "ec": 1405} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 753 | 10 | 1,405 | Ann Reinking | Career | of Arc in Goodtime Charley in 1975, receiving Tony Award and Drama Desk nominations for Best Actress in a Musical.
In 1976 she replaced Donna McKechnie as Cassie in A Chorus Line; in 1977 she replaced Verdon in the starring role of Roxie Hart in Chicago, a show directed and choreographed by Fosse. In 1978 she appeared in Fosse's revue Dancin', and received another Tony nomination.
In that year Reinking and Fosse ended their romance and separated. They continued to have a professional, creative collaboration. Reinking has acknowledged Fosse as the major influence on her work as a choreographer.
In 1979, Reinking appeared |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 1405, "ep": 10, "ec": 2031} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 1,405 | 10 | 2,031 | Ann Reinking | Career | in Bob Fosse's semi-autobiographical film All That Jazz as Katie Jagger, a role loosely based on her own life and relationship with Fosse.
Reinking remained in Hollywood for several years after All That Jazz, and appeared in two more feature films, Annie (as Grace Farrell) and Micki & Maude (as Micki).
In March 1985, Reinking appeared at the 57th Academy Awards to give a mostly lip-synced vocal performance accompanied by a dance routine of the Academy Award-nominated Phil Collins single "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)". The routine was poorly received by critics from the Los Angeles Times and |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 2031, "ep": 10, "ec": 2710} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 2,031 | 10 | 2,710 | Ann Reinking | Career | People, as well as by Collins himself in a Rolling Stone interview.
In 1986, she returned to Broadway, replacing Debbie Allen in a successful revival of Fosse's production of Sweet Charity. In 1991, she appeared in her first theater production following the birth of her son, the Broadway National Tour of Bye Bye Birdie, costarring Tommy Tune. In 1992 she contributed choreography to Tommy Tune Tonite!, a three-man revue featuring Tune.
Reinking founded the Broadway Theater Project, a Florida training program connecting students with seasoned theater professionals, in 1994. In 1995, she choreographed the ABC television movie version of the Broadway musical |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 2710, "ep": 10, "ec": 3335} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 2,710 | 10 | 3,335 | Ann Reinking | Career | Bye Bye Birdie.
Reinking had retired from performing by this time. In 1996, she was asked to create the choreography "in the style of Bob Fosse" for an all-star four-night-only concert staging of Chicago for City Center's annual Encores! Concert Series. When the producers could not obtain a suitable actress for the role of Roxie Hart, Reinking agreed to reprise the role after almost 20 years. This concert staging of Chicago was a hit, and a few months later the production (in its concert staging presentation) was produced on Broadway, with the Encores! cast: Reinking, Bebe Neuwirth, Joel Grey, James Naughton, |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 3335, "ep": 10, "ec": 3971} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 3,335 | 10 | 3,971 | Ann Reinking | Career | and Marcia Lewis. In November 2016 the revival celebrated its 20th year, and as of at least September 2017 it is the longest-running American musical on Broadway. The revival of Chicago won numerous Tony Awards, and Reinking won the Tony Award for Best Choreography. She recreated her choreography for the 1997 London transfer of Chicago, which starred Ute Lemper and Ruthie Henshall.
In 1998 she co-created, co-directed and co-choreographed the revue Fosse, receiving a Tony Award co-nomination for Best Direction of a Musical. For her work on the West End production of Fosse, Reinking (along with the late Bob Fosse himself) |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 10, "sc": 3971, "ep": 14, "ec": 60} | 510 | Q3297953 | 10 | 3,971 | 14 | 60 | Ann Reinking | Career & Personal life | won the 2001 Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer.
In 2001, she received an honorary doctorate from Florida State University for her contribution to the arts.
Reinking served as a judge of annual New York City public school dance competitions for inner-city youth, and appeared in Mad Hot Ballroom, the 2005 documentary film about the competition. In 2012, she contributed choreography for the Broadway production of An Evening with Patti LuPone and Mandy Patinkin. She has served as a member of the advising committee for the American Theatre Wing. Personal life Reinking has been married four times, first in 1970 to Larry |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 14, "sc": 60, "ep": 14, "ec": 723} | 510 | Q3297953 | 14 | 60 | 14 | 723 | Ann Reinking | Personal life | Small. Following their divorce, she married investment banker Herbert Allen Jr. on August 25, 1982; they divorced in 1989. Next she was married in 1989 to businessman James Stuart, with whom she had one child, son Christopher, before their divorce in 1991. Reinking has been married since 1994 to sportswriter Peter Talbert, and is stepmother to Leslie, Christie, Herbert, and Charlie.
As of February 2017, Reinking lives primarily in Phoenix, Arizona.
Reinking's son Chris has Marfan syndrome, and Reinking works with the Marfan Foundation, which is dedicated to raising awareness of the disease. She produced the 2009 documentary In My Hands: A |
{"datasets_id": 510, "wiki_id": "Q3297953", "sp": 14, "sc": 723, "ep": 14, "ec": 749} | 510 | Q3297953 | 14 | 723 | 14 | 749 | Ann Reinking | Personal life | Story of Marfan Syndrome. |
{"datasets_id": 511, "wiki_id": "Q41110006", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 559} | 511 | Q41110006 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 559 | Ann Sissons | Life | Ann Sissons Life Sissons was born in Christchurch in 1958 and attended the University of Canterbury.Sissons was chosen to dive for New Zealand at the 1978 Commonwealth Games at Edmonton and the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane.
Sissons was the second woman Olympic diver for New Zealand when she dived in the 3 metre springboard event at the Los Angeles Games in 1984.
Sissons moved on to coach and became an official. In 2016 she was given a scholarship to travel to Puerto Rico to refresh her judging skills. Sissons is a member of Wellington Diving Club. |
{"datasets_id": 512, "wiki_id": "Q26625959", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 584} | 512 | Q26625959 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 584 | Anna Forbes Liddell | Early life and education | Anna Forbes Liddell Early life and education Anna Forbes Liddell was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, the daughter of Walter Scott Liddell, a manufacturer, and Helen Sherman Ogden Liddell. She was a student at Queens University of Charlotte (then called Presbyterian Female College), then briefly at University of Tennessee and Columbia University as a young woman. In 1918, she completed undergraduate studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she studied philosophy with Henry Horace Williams. In 1922, she earned a master's degree at Cornell University, and in 1924 she was one of the first two women |
{"datasets_id": 512, "wiki_id": "Q26625959", "sp": 6, "sc": 584, "ep": 10, "ec": 364} | 512 | Q26625959 | 6 | 584 | 10 | 364 | Anna Forbes Liddell | Early life and education & Career | to finish a Ph.D. at the University of North Carolina (the other was Irene Dillard Elliott). Her dissertation was titled "The Logical Relationship of the Philosophy of Hegel to the Philosophies of Spinoza and Kant." She pursued some post-doctoral education at the University of Heidelberg. Career During her college years, Liddell wrote for magazines and newspapers, and worked in advertising and publishing. In 1913, Forbes Liddell and Susanne Bynum organized the North Carolina Equal Suffrage League. Between college and graduate school, she taught school in North Carolina.
After earning her Ph.D., Liddell was first on the faculty at Chowan College |
{"datasets_id": 512, "wiki_id": "Q26625959", "sp": 10, "sc": 364, "ep": 10, "ec": 946} | 512 | Q26625959 | 10 | 364 | 10 | 946 | Anna Forbes Liddell | Career | as a professor of social studies. In 1926, she began teaching at the Florida State College for Women, and stayed as it became Florida State University in 1947, until she retired in 1962. She headed the Department of Philosophy and Religion, and was selected as the Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor of the Year at Florida State, in 1959. She was the first Southern woman philosopher on the program at the International Congress of Philosophy when it was held in Prague in 1934. She was the first professor at her university to teach a course on closed circuit television. In |
{"datasets_id": 512, "wiki_id": "Q26625959", "sp": 10, "sc": 946, "ep": 14, "ec": 123} | 512 | Q26625959 | 10 | 946 | 14 | 123 | Anna Forbes Liddell | Career & Personal life | 1932, she was elected president of the Southern Society of Philosophy and Psychology.
In 1970s, in her eighties and using a wheelchair, Liddell testified for the Equal Rights Amendment in the Florida House of Representatives. Personal life Anna Forbes Liddell died in 1979, aged 87 years. A small collection of her papers is archived at Florida State University. |
{"datasets_id": 513, "wiki_id": "Q18353632", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 352} | 513 | Q18353632 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 352 | Anna Pauffley | Accommodating child abuse | Anna Pauffley Accommodating child abuse On 11 June 2015 Pauffley was highly criticised by ministers and child protection campaigners for stating that it was 'okay for migrant families to hit children', suggesting that migrants could hit children because of so-called 'culture context', in response a government spokesman stated that there should never be any exceptions regarding child abuse. |
{"datasets_id": 514, "wiki_id": "Q22668153", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 68} | 514 | Q22668153 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 68 | Anna Shevchenko | World Cup results | Anna Shevchenko World Cup results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). |
{"datasets_id": 515, "wiki_id": "Q258220", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 312} | 515 | Q258220 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 312 | Annabelle Wallis | Early life & Career | Annabelle Wallis Early life Wallis was born in Oxford, England. She was raised in Cascais, Portugal, where her family emigrated when she was eighteen months old. Her maternal great-uncle is actor Richard Harris. On her father's side, she is a descendant of English singer Marie Lloyd. Career In Portugal, Annabelle Wallis did several short films before she moved to London to pursue a career in film. In London, she did some advertisements and looked into drama schools before ultimately deciding to find an agent.
In 2005 she landed a lead role in the Bollywood film Dil Jo bhi Kahey, though the |
{"datasets_id": 515, "wiki_id": "Q258220", "sp": 10, "sc": 312, "ep": 10, "ec": 863} | 515 | Q258220 | 10 | 312 | 10 | 863 | Annabelle Wallis | Career | film did not fare well at box office. In 2009, Wallis starred as Jane Seymour in season three of the Showtime drama series The Tudors. She replace Anita Briem in the third season due to conflicting dates with New Line Cinema over Anita's previous commitment to the movie Journey to the Center of the Earth. She returned as Jane Seymour in a dream sequence to The Tudors for the fourth (and final) season in mid-2010.
In 2010, Wallis was cast in the film W.E., and in 2011 had a minor role in the film, X-Men: First Class. She starred as Grace |
{"datasets_id": 515, "wiki_id": "Q258220", "sp": 10, "sc": 863, "ep": 18, "ec": 66} | 515 | Q258220 | 10 | 863 | 18 | 66 | Annabelle Wallis | Career & Personal life & Relationships | Burgess in the BBC drama Peaky Blinders, from 2013 to 2016. She returned as Grace in the fifth season of the show, in 2019. In 2014, she starred in the horror film Annabelle, a spin-off of 2013's The Conjuring.
She starred in The Mummy (2017) as Jenny Halsey, an archaeologist.
In April 2018, she was announced to be Cartier's ambassador for jewelry and the new face of the Panthere de Cartier watch. Personal life As a result of attending international schools, Wallis speaks fluent English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish. Relationships Wallis was in an on-off relationship with singer Chris Martin from |
{"datasets_id": 515, "wiki_id": "Q258220", "sp": 18, "sc": 66, "ep": 18, "ec": 184} | 515 | Q258220 | 18 | 66 | 18 | 184 | Annabelle Wallis | Relationships | August 2015 to August 2017.
In April 2018 it was revealed that she has been dating american actor Chris Pine. |
{"datasets_id": 516, "wiki_id": "Q28324428", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 13} | 516 | Q28324428 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 13 | Anne-Claude Gingras | Biography & Achievements and awards | Anne-Claude Gingras Biography Gingras was born on Île d'Orléans, Quebec. She earned her undergraduate degree at Université Laval in Quebec. She completed her PhD in biochemistry at McGill University in Montreal, studying how 4E-BP1 regulated translation initiation, under the mentorship of Nahum Sonenberg. After graduating in 2001, she began postdoctoral research in Seattle at the Institute for Systems Biology in the lab of Ruedi Aebersold, where she studied proteomics for three years.
In 2005, Gingras moved to Toronto and joined the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, and in 2006 began teaching at the University of Toronto in the department of molecular genetics. Achievements |
{"datasets_id": 516, "wiki_id": "Q28324428", "sp": 8, "sc": 12, "ep": 10, "ec": 404} | 516 | Q28324428 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 404 | Anne-Claude Gingras | Achievements and awards | and awards Gingras is considered an specialist in quantitative proteomics. Her work focuses on understanding mutations that may turn cells cancerous. In 2013 she contributed to an article in Nature which helped explain cri du chat syndrome, a rare medical disorder.
In 2011, Gingras was named one of Canada's Top 100 Most Powerful Women. In 2015, Gingras was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. |
{"datasets_id": 517, "wiki_id": "Q58806788", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 70} | 517 | Q58806788 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 70 | Anne Hall | Early life and education & Career | Anne Hall Early life and education Hall grew up in Orono, Maine, graduating from Orono High School in 1977. She stayed in her hometown to attend the University of Maine where she graduated from in 1981 with a Bachelor of Arts in international relations. She later attended the University of Texas at Austin, earning a Master of Arts (M.A.) and Master of Public Affairs (M.P.A.) in 1987 while studying in a joint program at the LBJ School of Public Affairs and Institute of Latin American Studies. Career Hall joined the US Foreign Service in 1987. Some of her early postings |
{"datasets_id": 517, "wiki_id": "Q58806788", "sp": 10, "sc": 70, "ep": 10, "ec": 658} | 517 | Q58806788 | 10 | 70 | 10 | 658 | Anne Hall | Career | included working as an economic officer in Brazil, a consular officer in Colombia, and as a desk officer in Peru. She joined the Executive Secretariat Staff of the Secretary of State in 1993 and was made a special assistant to Secretary Warren Christopher in 1994.
In 1997, Hall was sent to Shanghai to serve as chief of the consular section. She returned to Washington in 2000 to serve as a special assistant in the Bureau of Consular Affairs. She moved to the position of desk officer in the Office of Nordic and Baltic Affairs in 2001.
She briefly served as the consul |
{"datasets_id": 517, "wiki_id": "Q58806788", "sp": 10, "sc": 658, "ep": 10, "ec": 1261} | 517 | Q58806788 | 10 | 658 | 10 | 1,261 | Anne Hall | Career | general in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2003 before being named the senior Cyprus officer in the Office of the Special Cyprus Coordinator. While in this position she participated in the negotiations that led to the United Nations settlement of the Cyprus problem in 2004.
Hall was made the US consul general in Krakow, Poland in 2006. She left his position in 2009 to serve as the Deputy Chief of Mission in Vilnius, Lithuania. She served as Chargé d’Affaires in Lithuania from 2012 to 2013.
From 2013 to 2014 she served as the Director of the Office of Central European Affairs in the Bureau |
{"datasets_id": 517, "wiki_id": "Q58806788", "sp": 10, "sc": 1261, "ep": 10, "ec": 1885} | 517 | Q58806788 | 10 | 1,261 | 10 | 1,885 | Anne Hall | Career | of European and Eurasian Affairs. In 2014 she was named acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Oceans, International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, a position which she held until being named ambassador in 2016.
Hall was nominated by US President Barack Obama in April 2016 to replace Deborah McCarthy as the U.S. Ambassador to Lithuania. She was confirmed by the US Senate on July 14, 2016 and began her term of appointment on September 16 of that year. Her mission was terminated on July 19, 2019.
Hall was the first American Consul General to be awarded the Knight’s Cross of |
{"datasets_id": 517, "wiki_id": "Q58806788", "sp": 10, "sc": 1885, "ep": 10, "ec": 1944} | 517 | Q58806788 | 10 | 1,885 | 10 | 1,944 | Anne Hall | Career | the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland in July 2009. |
{"datasets_id": 518, "wiki_id": "Q60240529", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 165} | 518 | Q60240529 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 165 | Annie Florence Petty | Biography | Annie Florence Petty Annie Florence Petty (1871 – 1962). was the first professionally educated and trained librarian to work in the state of North Carolina. She served as the first librarian at the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial School (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro) and was one of the founding members of the North Carolina Library Association (a state affiliate of the American Library Association) Biography Annie Petty was born in the Quaker Bush Hill community of Randolph County, North Carolina on August 27, 1871 to William Clinton and Mary Victoria Petty. She attended |
{"datasets_id": 518, "wiki_id": "Q60240529", "sp": 8, "sc": 165, "ep": 8, "ec": 365} | 518 | Q60240529 | 8 | 165 | 8 | 365 | Annie Florence Petty | Biography | the Library School of the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry (now Drexel University) in Philadelphia in 1898, where she received her formal training in the emerging field of librarianship. |
{"datasets_id": 519, "wiki_id": "Q66768181", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 619} | 519 | Q66768181 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 619 | Anodic aluminium oxide | Anodic aluminium oxide Anodic aluminium oxide, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), or anodic alumina is a self-organized form of aluminium oxide that has a honeycomb-like structure formed by high density arrays of uniform and parallel pores. The diameter of the pores can be as low as 5 nanometers and as high as several hundred nanometers, and length can be controlled from few tens of nanometers to few hundred micrometers. Porous AAO is formed by electrochemical oxidation (anodization) of aluminum in acid electrolytes in the conditions that balance the growth and the AAO films are formed with limited thickness.
Anodizing aluminum has |
|
{"datasets_id": 519, "wiki_id": "Q66768181", "sp": 4, "sc": 619, "ep": 4, "ec": 1286} | 519 | Q66768181 | 4 | 619 | 4 | 1,286 | Anodic aluminium oxide | been widely used since early last century for corrosion protection and decorative purposes. The porous nature of anodic alumina films was discovered in the 1930s and further elaborated in the 1950s–1970s. Processes for producing anodic aluminum oxide membranes using chromic acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, or phosphoric acid appear in a patent attributed to Alan W. Smith of the Boeing Company in 1974.
The formation of AAO with highly ordered 2D hexagonal porous structure was first demonstrated in 1995. Further empirical search of anodization parameters shown, that AAO with ordered hexagonal structure can be obtained solely within the narrow regions |
|
{"datasets_id": 519, "wiki_id": "Q66768181", "sp": 4, "sc": 1286, "ep": 4, "ec": 1927} | 519 | Q66768181 | 4 | 1,286 | 4 | 1,927 | Anodic aluminium oxide | of processing conditions. Nature of these self-organization windows was explained only in 2017. It was shown, that the formation of the long-range ordered porous structure occurs when all pores grow with equal rate (when anodization rate is limited by kinetics of the barrier layer dissolution at the pore bases or by diffusion of ions in pores).
Starting in the late 1980s, owing to uniform nanostructure, AAO began to attract interest in the area of nanotechnology, in particular as a template for deposition of the uniform arrays of nanowires. Since several key publications on using AAO for bottom-up templated nanofabrication |
|
{"datasets_id": 519, "wiki_id": "Q66768181", "sp": 4, "sc": 1927, "ep": 4, "ec": 2648} | 519 | Q66768181 | 4 | 1,927 | 4 | 2,648 | Anodic aluminium oxide | appeared by the mid-1990s, AAO became widely recognized and very popular platform for design and synthesis of high density arrays of nanostructures (nanowires, nanotubes) and functional nanocomposites.
AAO-based nanomaterials have a broad range of applications, from nanoelectronics and magnetic storage media to photonics and energy conversion to nanoporous substrates and nanotags for bioanalysis. The number of AAO-related publications in this area increased exponentially since 1990s, with over 75% of the papers focused on use of AAO in nanotechnology.
The significance of AAO in science and technology is underpinned by the fact that its structure and chemistry could be controllably engineered at |
|
{"datasets_id": 519, "wiki_id": "Q66768181", "sp": 4, "sc": 2648, "ep": 4, "ec": 2969} | 519 | Q66768181 | 4 | 2,648 | 4 | 2,969 | Anodic aluminium oxide | the nanoscale over very large areas and in practical formats, enabling development of new materials and products with desired properties and functionality. For example, AAO membranes have been used as a platform for chemical and biological sensors. Protein molecules like thrombin have been detected using AAO membranes. |
|
{"datasets_id": 520, "wiki_id": "Q16890498", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 307} | 520 | Q16890498 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 307 | Anshul Verma | Early life and education | Anshul Verma Early life and education Anshul Verma was born on July 18, 1974 to Shri Shyam Lal and Smt. Shanta Verma. He was born in Pushptali, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh. His educational qualifications include M.A. (History), LL.B. and he received his education at Punjab University, Chandigarh. Anshul Verma married Sharuti Verma on March 23, 2008. |
{"datasets_id": 521, "wiki_id": "Q16059321", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 325} | 521 | Q16059321 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 325 | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama | Biography | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama António José de Ávila (7 November 1842, Horta – 18 March 1917, Lisbon) was a military officer, politician, member of the Portuguese nobility (made Marquis of Ávila, following the death of his illustrious uncle) and benemerit. Biography António José was born on the island of Faial to Manuel José de Ávila (brother of the Duke of Ávila) and D. Maria Leonor de Almeida e Silva.
Simultaneously with his military career at the Military School, he completed his studies at the University of Coimbra, obtaining a bachelors in Mathematics. After initiating his |
{"datasets_id": 521, "wiki_id": "Q16059321", "sp": 8, "sc": 325, "ep": 8, "ec": 1000} | 521 | Q16059321 | 8 | 325 | 8 | 1,000 | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama | Biography | studies in the officer's program, he was promoted to alferes in 1868 and scaled, throughout his life, the military hierarchy: lieutenant (1870), captain (1873), major (1884), lieutenant-colonel (1890), colonel (1893) and brigade general (1906), where he eventually passed into the reserves in 1909. During this career, as lieutenant he became a functionary in the Ministry of Public Works (Portuguese: Ministério das Obras Públicas), where he held the post of exam jurist in the Civil Engineering course. At several times during this career he represented Portugal in the foreign conventions, and held the post of Director General of Geodesey (1901–1912).
He married |
{"datasets_id": 521, "wiki_id": "Q16059321", "sp": 8, "sc": 1000, "ep": 12, "ec": 363} | 521 | Q16059321 | 8 | 1,000 | 12 | 363 | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama | Biography & Political career | D. Maria Leonor de Assis Mascarenhas, daughter of General Carlos de Mascarenhas, brother of the Marquis of Fronteira.
He inherited from his uncle the title of Count of Ávila (25 January 1890) and 2nd Marquess de Ávila (31 December 1903). Political career He became president of the Municipal Council of Lisbon, and in various legislatures, as deputy in the national parliament. Having been promoted into the political life by his uncle, he held a position in the Chamber of Deputies (1875–78), representing the electoral circle of Valpaços. In later elections, he was selected for the electoral districts of Vila Pouca |
{"datasets_id": 521, "wiki_id": "Q16059321", "sp": 12, "sc": 363, "ep": 12, "ec": 1027} | 521 | Q16059321 | 12 | 363 | 12 | 1,027 | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama | Political career | de Aguiar (during three legislatures) and Vila Real (during two legislatures). His career in the Chamber of Deputies began in 1875, and only ceased on 2 December 1885) when he was elected Peer of the Kingdom, for the electoral districts of Horta and Vila Real (he opted for the latter): he maintained this peerage until 1909. During his career as deputy and peer, he participated in several parliamentary commissions, namely: Recruitment and Public Works (Portuguese: Recrutamento e Obras Públicas), War (Portuguese: Guerra) and Political Reform (Portuguese: Reformas Politicas). He presented several proposals for laws: 10 March 1882, reformulate the polytechnic |
{"datasets_id": 521, "wiki_id": "Q16059321", "sp": 12, "sc": 1027, "ep": 12, "ec": 1655} | 521 | Q16059321 | 12 | 1,027 | 12 | 1,655 | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama | Political career | schools; 31 January 1883, regulating judges competencies; 2 April 1883 and 26 January 1884, conceding to the Municipal Council of Horta and Santa Casa da Misericórdia several buildings (specifically the Convent of the Jesuits and Convent of São Francisco, respectively).
Although early in his life he opted to represent Vila Real, he was an extremely diligent and active supporter of the peoples of the district of Horta (and in particular, Faial). This is obvious in the amount of correspondence found in the Arquivos Particulares Ávila e Boloma (Personal Archive of the Dukes of Ávila e Boloma), in the Torre do Tombo |
{"datasets_id": 521, "wiki_id": "Q16059321", "sp": 12, "sc": 1655, "ep": 12, "ec": 2282} | 521 | Q16059321 | 12 | 1,655 | 12 | 2,282 | António José de Ávila, 2nd Marquis of Ávila and Bolama | Political career | National Archive and in the deliberations of the Municipal and Santa Casa Councils. In addition to helping install the Municipal Council in the former-Jesuit College, the Count was helpful in installing the financial departments of the council, the conservatory and judicial tribunal and donating funds for streets, as well as repairs for the ports and docks. The O Globe wrote, "Count of Ávila [managed to wrangle] from the Rengerator Government the concession of the vast edifice and courtyard of the extinct convent of the Franciscans...and for the Convent of Glória...[as well as] advantages in the contracts for the ship |
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