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sciencefeedback_428_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_428 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-makes-multiple-false-misleading-claims-covid19-vaccine-safety-efficacy-podcast/ | The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects | Peter McCullough | 2023-04-22 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36597886/ | Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis - PMID: 36597886 - PMCID: PMC10010667 - DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025 Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis [...] Response by Yonker et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis".Circulation. 2023 Sep 12;148(11):910-911. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065629. Epub 2023 Sep 11. Circulation. 2023. PMID: 37695829 No abstract available. | 2023-03-14 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_428_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_428 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-makes-multiple-false-misleading-claims-covid19-vaccine-safety-efficacy-podcast/ | The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects | Peter McCullough | 2023-04-22 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34100279/ | The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid production of vaccines aimed at the production of neutralizing antibodies against the COVID-19 spike protein required for the corona virus binding to target cells. The best well-known vaccines have utilized either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to direct human cells to produce the spike protein against which the body produces mostly neutralizing antibodies. However, recent reports have raised some skepticism as to the biologic actions of the spike protein and the types of antibodies produced. One paper reported that certain antibodies in the blood of infected patients appear to change the shape of the spike protein so as to make it more likely to bind to cells, while other papers showed that the spike protein by itself (without being part of the corona virus) can damage endothelial cells and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These findings may be even more relevant to the pathogenesis of long-COVID syndrome that may affect as many as 50% of those infected with SARS-CoV-2. In COVID-19, a response to oxidative stress is required by increasing anti-oxidant enzymes. In this regard, it is known that polyphenols are natural anti-oxidants with multiple health effects. [...] Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Epub 2022 Jan 13. Mol Neurobiol. 2022. PMID: 35028901 Free PMC article. Review. [...] Adenovirus Vaccine Containing Truncated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit Leads to a Specific Immune Response in Mice.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 13;11(2):429. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020429. Vaccines (Basel). 2023. PMID: 36851306 Free PMC article. | 2021-01-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_428_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_428 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-makes-multiple-false-misleading-claims-covid19-vaccine-safety-efficacy-podcast/ | The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects | Peter McCullough | 2023-04-22 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-makes-multiple-false-misleading-claims-covid19-vaccine-safety-efficacy-podcast/ | No scientific evidence supports McCullough’s claim that the spike protein exposure induced by COVID-19 vaccination is toxic, as Health Feedback explained in earlier reviews. As others did before, McCullough misinterpreted the results of studies that evaluated the effect of the viral spike protein, not the one induced by vaccination. [...] After spending the interview enumerating the wide range of harmful effects that COVID-19 vaccines allegedly cause, McCullough talked about a dietary supplement supposedly capable of countering them all. This supplement contained nattokinase, an enzyme that was first isolated from a traditional Japanese dish called natto and made of fermented soybeans. [...] No evidence suggests that the spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccination is toxic. McCullough’s claims that COVID-19 vaccines caused a rise in mortality and medical conditions are also unsupported by scientific evidence. Instead, studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective at preventing severe COVID-19 and death. | 2023-05-03 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_428_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_428 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-makes-multiple-false-misleading-claims-covid19-vaccine-safety-efficacy-podcast/ | The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects | Peter McCullough | 2023-04-22 | https://www.mathewsopenaccess.com/full-text/elimination-neutralization-of-covid-19-vaccine-produced-spike-protein-scoping-review | Nattokinase can be described as an enzyme extracted and purified from a Japanese food identified as Natto [69]. The production of natto takes place via fermentation following the addition of the bacterium Bacillus natto to soybeans, resulting in the production of the nattokinase enzyme [63]. Nattokinase has been demonstrated to exert several health effects, including anti-atherosclerotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, fibrinolytic, neuroprotective, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant effects [68]. The degradative effect of nattokinase, a serine protease derived from fermented soybeans, on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was reported [64]. Studies have been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of nattokinase against viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 [69]. The effect of Nattokinasse against COVID-19 spike protein has also been tested by several authors. As reported by Tanikawa et al., (2022), nattokinase could degrade the spike protein and reduce its binding affinity to the human ACE2 receptor, which is the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 infection [64]. They also found that nattokinase could inhibit the pseudovirus infection of human lung epithelial cells. The authors suggest that nattokinase may have potential as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by neutralizing or removing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. | 2024-04-12 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_430 | sciencefeedback_430 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 | Social media users | 2024-02-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | No medical intervention, including vaccines, is entirely free of risk. While COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a risk of certain health problems, including myocarditis and a particular type of blood clot, COVID-19 is associated with a much greater risk of developing cardiovascular, neurological, and hematological disorders compared to the vaccines. Getting vaccinated reduces the risk of severe disease and death. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their risks. | 2024-02-19 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_430_ret_b15_gn | sciencefeedback_430 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 | Social media users | 2024-02-19 | https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2024/02/22/covid-vaccines | The researchers also noted that the health risks associated with COVID-19 infection are much higher than those associated with vaccination. "[M]ultiple studies demonstrated higher risk of developing the events under study, such as [Guillain-Barré] syndrome), myocarditis, or ADEM, following SARS-CoV-2 infection than vaccination," they wrote. For example, the risk of experiencing a neurological event after a COVID-19 infection is 617-times higher than it is after a COVID-19 vaccination. The risk of myocarditis and Guillain-Barré are also much higher after a COVID-19 infection than a vaccination. Overall, "[t]he odds of all of these adverse events is still much, much higher when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), so getting vaccinated is still by far the safer choice," said Jacob Glanville, CEO of the biotechnology company Centivax, who was not involved in the study. (Choi, The Hill, 2/19; Johnson, Forbes, 2/19; Gale, Bloomberg, 2/18; Choi/Weixel, The Hill, 2/20) | 2024-02-22 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_430_ret_b9_gn | sciencefeedback_430 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 | Social media users | 2024-02-19 | https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines | Vaccination should not be delayed in anticipation of newer versions of the COVID-19 vaccine. For people at a high risk of getting severe COVID-19, a dose of any available vaccine is more beneficial than delaying vaccination. [...] Billions of people have received the COVID-19 vaccine to date, showing that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations outweigh the risks of getting ill with COVID-19. Do not delay COVID-19 vaccination if it is recommended for you by your health care provider. Getting vaccinated could protect you from severe illness and save your life. [...] More serious or long-lasting side effects of COVID-19 vaccines are possible but extremely rare. National health authorities monitor vaccines to detect and respond to rare adverse events. At the regional and global level, WHO also supports countries in monitoring vaccine safety. | 2023-12-05 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_430_ret_bn_g5 | sciencefeedback_430 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 | Social media users | 2024-02-19 | https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-similarities-and-differences-with-influenza | Vaccines developed for COVID-19 do not protect against influenza, and similarly, the influenza vaccine does not protect against COVID-19. Follow the advice of your local authorities on getting the influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. It is safe and effective to get both vaccines at the same time. COVID-19 vaccines approved for use by WHO are proven to protect against severe illness and death caused by COVID-19 disease. More than 13 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine have been administered globally since 2021 and the vaccines have met rigorous standards for safety, effectiveness and quality. If you do get COVID-19 or flu after vaccination, you are more likely to have mild or no symptoms than if you hadn’t been vaccinated. [...] WHO-authorized COVID-19 vaccines are safe for adults and children 6 months and older. Those in the high-priority group for COVID-19 vaccination include older adults, adults with chronic diseases, those with immunocompromising conditions, pregnant adolescent and adults, and health and care workers. Influenza vaccines are also recommended for these same population groups. | 2024-01-03 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_430_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_430 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19 | Social media users | 2024-02-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/global-covid-vaccine-safety-study-identified-already-known-risks-doesnt-show-risks-greater-than-benefits/ | Global COVID Vaccine Safety study identified already-known risks, doesn’t show that risks are greater than benefits No medical intervention, including vaccines, is entirely free of risk. While COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a risk of certain health problems, including myocarditis and a particular type of blood clot, COVID-19 is associated with a much greater risk of developing cardiovascular, neurological, and hematological disorders compared to the vaccines. Getting vaccinated reduces the risk of severe disease and death. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their risks. [...] Many of these posts cited the study to promote claims that COVID-19 vaccines were dangerous, or that they weren’t adequately tested, or that the vaccines posed greater risks than COVID-19 itself. The headlines of several articles, such as this one by the Gateway Pundit and another by RT (formerly Russia Today), also simply described the study as having found health problems linked to COVID-19 vaccines with no preamble. | 2024-02-23 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_433 | sciencefeedback_433 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-excess-salt-increases-the-risk-of-high-blood-pressure-contrary-to-wellness-coachs-claims/ | “Salt does not raise blood pressure” | Sean Christopher | 2024-04-18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-excess-salt-increases-the-risk-of-high-blood-pressure-contrary-to-wellness-coachs-claims/ | Increased amounts of sodium in the blood causes more water to enter the bloodstream, raising blood pressure. Salt, or sodium chloride, is a major contributor of sodium in our diet and most people consume more than the recommended amounts. Clinical trials have shown that more salt in the diet increases blood pressure and the risks of heart disease and stroke. | 2024-04-18 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_433_ret_b8_gn | sciencefeedback_433 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-excess-salt-increases-the-risk-of-high-blood-pressure-contrary-to-wellness-coachs-claims/ | “Salt does not raise blood pressure” | Sean Christopher | 2024-04-18 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-022-00710-z | Detrimental effects of high salt intake on blood pressure (BP), especially systolic BP, are well documented in the literature [1,2,3]. High BP, a primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [4], can be prevented and managed with reduced salt intake [5]. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends intakes of less than 5 g/day of salt, or 2 g/day of sodium, in adults for chronic disease prevention [3]. [...] Migdal KU, Robinson AT, Watso JC, Babcock MC, Serrador JM, Farquhar WB. A high-salt meal does not augment blood pressure responses during maximal exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45:123–8. [...] Arcand J, Wong MMY, Santos JA, Leung AA, Trieu K, Thout SR, et al. More evidence that salt increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April–July 2016). J Clin Hypertens. 2017;19:813–23. | 2022-06-10 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_433_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_433 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-excess-salt-increases-the-risk-of-high-blood-pressure-contrary-to-wellness-coachs-claims/ | “Salt does not raise blood pressure” | Sean Christopher | 2024-04-18 | https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/eating-with-diabetes/food-groups/salt-and-diabetes- | Campaign groups, such as CASH (Consensus Action on Salt and Health), have successfully worked with Government and food manufacturers to bring down the amount of salt in processed foods, which has resulted in falls in blood pressure figures – a key indicator that reducing your salt intake reaps results. [...] Although salt does not affect blood glucose levels, it’s important to limit the amount you eat as part of your diabetes management because too much salt can raise your blood pressure. People with diabetes are more likely to be affected by high blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and kidney disease. [...] Being aware of the sources of added salt and following a few simple steps you can easily reduce the amount of salt you eat. | 2019-08-30 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_435 | sciencefeedback_435 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-viral-facebook-claim-numerous-studies-show-vaccines-dont-cause-autism/ | there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism | Del Bigtree, Joe Martino | 2020-03-05 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-viral-facebook-claim-numerous-studies-show-vaccines-dont-cause-autism/ | A wide array of studies examining different vaccines, including the ones specified in ICAN’s lawsuit, demonstrate that there is no association between vaccines and autism. | 2020-03-05 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_435_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_435 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-viral-facebook-claim-numerous-studies-show-vaccines-dont-cause-autism/ | there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism | Del Bigtree, Joe Martino | 2020-03-05 | https://www.autismspeaks.org/science-news/no-association-between-autism-vaccines | A new meta-analysis of 10 studies involving more than 1.2 million children reaffirms that vaccines don’t cause autism; MMR shot may actually decrease risk May 19, 2014A meta-analysis of ten studies involving more than 1.2 million children reaffirms that vaccines don’t cause autism. If anything, immunization was associated with decreased risk that children would develop autism, a possibility that’s strongest with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. [...] "This analysis provides further confirmation for a lack of association between vaccines and autism that the broader healthcare community has understood and embraced for some time," comments Autism Speaks Chief Science Officer Rob Ring. "Autism Speaks’ own policy on vaccines echoes those of other credible healthcare organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. We strongly encourage parents to work with their physician to ensure their children receive the full benefits immunization offers in protecting their loved ones against a variety of preventable childhood diseases." | 2014-05-19 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_435_ret_bn_g14 | sciencefeedback_435 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-viral-facebook-claim-numerous-studies-show-vaccines-dont-cause-autism/ | there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism | Del Bigtree, Joe Martino | 2020-03-05 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-viral-facebook-claim-numerous-studies-show-vaccines-dont-cause-autism/ | The press release, stating that "CDC concedes in federal court that there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism", is founded on the recently concluded proceedings of a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit filed by ICAN against the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The lawsuit requested that the CDC produce studies showing that the DTaP, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate) and inactivated polio vaccines—the vaccines used within the first six months of life—do not cause autism. The CDC responded with a list of 20 peer-reviewed studies[1-20], several of which can already be found on its website. However, ICAN inexplicably concluded that this list meant that "there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism", because "it has no studies to support that [DTaP, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, PCV13 and inactivated polio vaccines] do not cause autism". Many studies have already shown that vaccines don’t cause autism and no biological mechanism has ever been found to support this link, despite the pseudoscientific theories behind thimerosal and aluminum adjuvants. | 2020-03-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_435_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_435 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-viral-facebook-claim-numerous-studies-show-vaccines-dont-cause-autism/ | there are no studies that prove vaccines don’t cause autism | Del Bigtree, Joe Martino | 2020-03-05 | https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/do-vaccines-cause-autism | The research is clear: Vaccines don’t cause autism. More than a dozen studies have tried to find a link. Each one has come up empty. [...] In 2004, the Immunization Safety Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine published a report on the topic. The group looked at all the studies on vaccines and autism, both published and unpublished. It released a 200-page report stating there was no evidence to support a link between vaccines and autism. Still, studies continue to look at the issue. In 2019, the largest study to date looked at almost 660-thousand children over a course of 11 years and found no link between the vaccine and autism. | 2024-06-22 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_440 | sciencefeedback_440 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-first-sars-cov-2-infections-in-humans-occurred-during-fall-2019-but-not-enough-evidence-exists-to-confirm-a-global-spread-before-early-2020/ | “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” | Hashem Al-Ghaili | 2020-05-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-first-sars-cov-2-infections-in-humans-occurred-during-fall-2019-but-not-enough-evidence-exists-to-confirm-a-global-spread-before-early-2020/ | Viruses accumulate mutations in their genomes as they spread from person to person. By comparing the genomes of different SARS-CoV-2 samples collected at different times in different places, and by combining these data with contact tracing data, it is possible to establish the genealogy and mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, and thereby trace its origin and when and where it spread. Current data indicates that SARS-CoV-2 made its jump from animals to humans sometime during Fall 2019 and had already spread outside of China by January 2020. | 2020-05-19 | Half True | true | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_440_ret_bn_g10 | sciencefeedback_440 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-first-sars-cov-2-infections-in-humans-occurred-during-fall-2019-but-not-enough-evidence-exists-to-confirm-a-global-spread-before-early-2020/ | “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” | Hashem Al-Ghaili | 2020-05-19 | https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/tabletop-exercises/event-201-pandemic-tabletop-exercise | The next severe pandemic will not only cause great illness and loss of life but could also trigger major cascading economic and societal consequences that could contribute greatly to global impact and suffering. The Event 201 pandemic exercise, conducted on October 18, 2019, vividly demonstrated a number of these important gaps in pandemic preparedness as well as some of the elements of the solutions between the public and private sectors that will be needed to fill them. The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, World Economic Forum, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation jointly propose these recommendations. [...] The Event 201 pandemic exercise, conducted on October 18, 2019, vividly demonstrated a number of these important gaps in pandemic preparedness as well as some of the elements of the solutions between the public and private sectors that will be needed to fill them. The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, World Economic Forum, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation jointly propose the following: [...] October 15, 2019 - Players for Event 201, a pandemic exercise, include global business leaders and prominent government and public health leaders—livestream open to all | 2020-01-17 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_440_ret_bn_g13 | sciencefeedback_440 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-first-sars-cov-2-infections-in-humans-occurred-during-fall-2019-but-not-enough-evidence-exists-to-confirm-a-global-spread-before-early-2020/ | “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” | Hashem Al-Ghaili | 2020-05-19 | https://www.sanmiguelcountyco.gov/736/COVID | COVID-19 is a disease caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. This virus was first identified in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Most people with COVID-19 have mild illness. Most people recover in a few weeks, but some people are sick for a long time or die from this disease. | 2021-01-01 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_440_ret_bn_g17 | sciencefeedback_440 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-first-sars-cov-2-infections-in-humans-occurred-during-fall-2019-but-not-enough-evidence-exists-to-confirm-a-global-spread-before-early-2020/ | “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” | Hashem Al-Ghaili | 2020-05-19 | https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-05-06/Study-Coronavirus-quickly-spread-around-the-world-starting-late-2019-QgPUDNqhl6/index.html | It's getting harder to find the true origin of the novel coronavirus that has plagued the world killing hundreds of thousands as genetic analysis indicates that the beginning of the pandemic dates back to early October 2019, over a month earlier than what was previously thought. The new study, carried out by researchers from the University College London Genetics Institute and published in the journal Infection, Genetics and Evolution on Tuesday, analyzed the genomes of 7,666 novel coronavirus samples from around the world using a method called "phylogenetic network analysis," and estimated that the likely period for the spread of the virus was between October 6 and December 11. | 2020-05-06 | Half True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_440_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_440 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-first-sars-cov-2-infections-in-humans-occurred-during-fall-2019-but-not-enough-evidence-exists-to-confirm-a-global-spread-before-early-2020/ | “Coronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019” | Hashem Al-Ghaili | 2020-05-19 | https://ghrp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41256-020-00135-6 | The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or COVID-19) epidemic first broke out in Wuhan and has been spreading in whole China and the world. The numbers of new infections and deaths in Wuhan are still increasing, which have posed major public health and governance concerns. A series of mandatory actions have been taken by the municipal and provincial governments supported by the central government, such as measures to restrict travels across cities, case detection and contact tracing, quarantine, guidance and information to the public, detection kit development, etc. Challenges such as lacking effective drugs, insufficient hospital services and medical supplies, logistics, etc. have much alleviated with the solidarity of the whole society. The pandemic will definitely be ended with the continuous efforts of both national and international multi-sectoral bodies. Since December 2019, a new type of coronavirus called novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 has then rapidly spread to all over China and the world. It can cause symptoms including fever, difficulty in breathing, cough, and invasive lesions on both lungs of the patients [1]. It can spread to the lower respiratory tract and cause viral pneumonia. In severe cases, patients suffer from dyspnea and respiratory distress syndrome. | 2020-03-02 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_443 | sciencefeedback_443 | https://science.feedback.org/review/wall-street-journal-questions-decades-scientific-evidence-demonstrating-elevated-atmospheric-co2-causes-global-warming/ | We do not know if CO2 is the cause of global warming | Holman W. Jenkins Jr. | 2023-11-03 | https://science.feedback.org/review/wall-street-journal-questions-decades-scientific-evidence-demonstrating-elevated-atmospheric-co2-causes-global-warming/ | We know that CO2 causes global warming through the greenhouse effect based on overwhelming evidence from data collected over decades of investigation. There is international scientific consensus that elevated atmospheric-CO2 from human emissions is not just a cause of global warming, it is the leading cause of global warming. | 2023-11-03 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_443_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_443 | https://science.feedback.org/review/wall-street-journal-questions-decades-scientific-evidence-demonstrating-elevated-atmospheric-co2-causes-global-warming/ | We do not know if CO2 is the cause of global warming | Holman W. Jenkins Jr. | 2023-11-03 | https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2019/07/30/co2-drives-global-warming/ | Why does CO2 drive global warming when there is only 0.04% of it in the atmosphere? And why isn’t water vapor the major driving factor? [...] Both water vapor and CO2 are responsible for global warming, and once we increase the CO2 in the atmosphere, the oceans warm up, which inevitably triggers an increase in water vapor. But while we have no way to control water vapor, we can control CO2. And because we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by continuing to burn fossil fuels, even in relatively small amounts compared to the entire mass of the atmosphere, we are disturbing the entire heat balance of the planet. For more information on how carbon dioxide traps heat, why water vapor isn’t the culprit, and answers to several other interesting questions, check out this post: How Exactly Does Carbon Dioxide Cause Global Warming? | 2019-07-30 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_449 | sciencefeedback_449 | https://science.feedback.org/review/scientific-evidence-supports-the-use-of-face-masks-for-reducing-the-transmission-of-respiratory-diseases-including-covid-19/ | Masks do nothing to prevent the spread of pathogens | Facebook users | 2020-05-17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/scientific-evidence-supports-the-use-of-face-masks-for-reducing-the-transmission-of-respiratory-diseases-including-covid-19/ | Face masks are safe to use and are not associated with oxygen deficiency. Although more research is needed to better establish the efficacy of face masks in reducing disease transmission and the mechanisms behind their efficacy, a growing evidence base indicates that face masks have a beneficial effect in reducing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19. However, masks do not provide 100% protection and must also be combined with other transmission control measures such as physical distancing and good hand hygiene. | 2020-05-17 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_449_ret_bn_g14 | sciencefeedback_449 | https://science.feedback.org/review/scientific-evidence-supports-the-use-of-face-masks-for-reducing-the-transmission-of-respiratory-diseases-including-covid-19/ | Masks do nothing to prevent the spread of pathogens | Facebook users | 2020-05-17 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-023-02044-0 | A few weeks ago, I was surprised upon glancing at The New York Times to see a front-page article claiming that new scientific evidence showed conclusively that wearing masks does nothing to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Bret Stephens. The mask mandates did nothing. Will any lessons be learned? The New York Times; 21 February 2023). Even the high-quality surgical-standard N95 masks. This opinion piece by Bret Stephens reported on what he described as "the most rigorous and comprehensive analysis" of the effects of masks, published in Cochrane Reviews, a healthcare journal. Masks, he claimed, have no effect. [...] Fortunately, there are still people trying to build actual knowledge about important matters, without deciding in advance what their conclusions will be. An excellent illustration is a review article (Mira L. Pöhlker et al., Rev. Mod. Phys.; in the press; preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01188) looking at what we know about the aerosols and droplets that are expelled by individuals suffering from a number of respiratory pathogens. It considers the complicated physics of how these particles are generated in the respiratory tract, how they behave in the air and how far they generally travel, as well as how well masks do in blocking their passage. [...] Conclusion? Masks do have an effect. They do work, imperfectly, to stop pathogens spreading. Intuitively, I’m not in the least surprised, but it’s nice to see some detailed evidence. | 2023-05-15 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_453 | sciencefeedback_453 | https://science.feedback.org/review/fred-singer-incorrectly-claims-sea-level-rise-is-not-caused-by-climate-change/ | Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2 | Fred Singer | 2018-07-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/fred-singer-incorrectly-claims-sea-level-rise-is-not-caused-by-climate-change/ | Global sea level has risen significantly over the last century, and at an accelerating rate. Multiple lines of evidence clearly demonstrate that this is largely due to the expansion of warming seawater (an inescapable consequence of the laws of physics) and the melting of glacial ice on land. | 2018-07-19 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_453_ret_b10_gn | sciencefeedback_453 | https://science.feedback.org/review/fred-singer-incorrectly-claims-sea-level-rise-is-not-caused-by-climate-change/ | Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2 | Fred Singer | 2018-07-19 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-0008-8 | Whereas our CMIP5 analysis supports the hypothesis that seasonal-to-interannual sea level variability will increase relative to changes in ocean temperature variability due to nonlinearity of the EOS, the EOS alone does not constrain future sea level variability to increase in a warming ocean. From this perspective, future sea level variability could also remain constant with reduced temperature variability. Indeed, CMIP5 models diverge substantially in the projected amount of sea level variability increase because of the uncertainty in ocean temperature variability changes (respectively, stippling in Figs. 1c, d and 4c, d; see also shading in Fig. 6). Certainly also contributing to future sea level and temperature variability changes in CMIP5 are changes in the variability of atmospheric forcing. Because such forcing impacts variability in the oceans locally as well as globally, the effects of atmospheric changes are difficult to separate from those of increased oceanic thermal expansion and stratification in coupled climate model simulations. For this reason, we consider how thermal expansion and stratification impact sea level and thermocline variability (a proxy for temperature variability) in an analytic, reduced-gravity ocean model prescribed with future warming but otherwise unchanged atmospheric forcing. | 2020-08-20 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_453_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_453 | https://science.feedback.org/review/fred-singer-incorrectly-claims-sea-level-rise-is-not-caused-by-climate-change/ | Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2 | Fred Singer | 2018-07-19 | https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/what-are-best-and-worst-case-scenarios-sea-level-rise | "Early-stage [sea level rise] was driven primarily by warming of the atmosphere due to increased CO2," he says. "But more and more, we see sea level rise being driven by different kinds of feedbacks within the system. Nowadays, the majority of sea level rise that we get both in Greenland and Antarctica is primarily driven by heat within the ocean—and that's not necessarily the ocean warming up directly because of ongoing climate change. It's more about shifting patterns of winds that are moving deep warm water around and causing it to come into contact with the glaciers." [...] Farther in the future, the differences between the best- and worst-case scenarios grow even starker. Unlike world temperatures, sea level rise responds slowly to climate change, and we can confidently expect that the oceans will keep rising long after we stop all our climate pollution. By the year 2300, even with strong action to control climate change this century, we could plausibly see a meter or more of sea level rise; in the worst case, the seas could rise a staggering 10 meters (33 feet) or more. Over the centuries, the chances of Antarctic ice sheets collapsing also rise. "On a long enough timeline, we lose virtually all ice on Earth," Minchew says. "Over geological timescales, it’s rare to have ice sheets at the poles." | 2024-06-12 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_453_ret_bn_g13 | sciencefeedback_453 | https://science.feedback.org/review/fred-singer-incorrectly-claims-sea-level-rise-is-not-caused-by-climate-change/ | Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2 | Fred Singer | 2018-07-19 | https://climatechange.chicago.gov/climate-change-science/future-climate-change | Warming temperatures contribute to sea level rise by: expanding ocean water; melting mountain glaciers and ice caps; and causing portions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to melt or flow into the ocean.Since 1870, global sea level has risen by about 7.5 inches.[2] Estimates of future sea level rise vary for different regions, but global sea level for the next century is expected to rise at a greater rate than during the past 50 years.[2] Studies project global sea level to rise by another 1 to 4 feet by 2100, with an uncertainty range of 0.66 to 6.6 feet.[1] [...] Regional and local factors will influence future relative sea level rise for specific coastlines around the world. For example, relative sea level rise depends on land elevation changes that occur as a result of subsidence (sinking) or uplift (rising). Assuming that these historical geological forces continue, a 2-foot rise in global sea level by 2100 would result in the following relative sea level rise:- 2.3 feet at New York City - 2.9 feet at Hampton Roads, Virginia - 3.5 feet at Galveston, Texas - 1 foot at Neah Bay in Washington state Relative sea level rise also depends on local changes in currents, winds, salinity, and water temperatures, as well as proximity to thinning ice sheets.[2] | 2016-09-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_453_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_453 | https://science.feedback.org/review/fred-singer-incorrectly-claims-sea-level-rise-is-not-caused-by-climate-change/ | Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2 | Fred Singer | 2018-07-19 | https://paw.princeton.edu/article/temperatures-rising | Happer, for example, says that climate-change advocates ignore the fact that there have been several periods, including the last 10 years, in which there has been no warming, and that temperatures in fact cooled during the period from roughly 1940 to 1970. Sea levels are indeed rising, he also says, but they have been rising since the end of the last Ice Age, and there is no evidence that the rate is increasing. Suckewer adds that his own research has convinced him that human activity has little to do with rising CO2 levels, much of which is caused by water vapor and ocean currents. Those forces, he says, are so vast, complex, and imperfectly understood that efforts to "fix" them would be folly. [...] One more crucial observation is that rising sea levels are almost certainly not the most immediate threat implied by the current dynamics within the world meteorological system. Much more devastating would be more frequent and violent weather events, severe multiyear shifts in rainfall patterns producing destructive floods or droughts, collapse of ecosystems upon which human populations depend, and the interruption of the flow of major ocean currents due to buildup of fresh water on the surface of the oceans. Any or all of the above could occur without any major shift in the mean values of any "key variable" such as CO2 emissions. | 2010-03-17 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_457 | sciencefeedback_457 | https://science.feedback.org/review/there-is-currently-no-cure-for-aids-reports-to-the-contrary-are-incorrect/ | AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients | Alfredo Bowman | 2019-04-01 | https://science.feedback.org/review/there-is-currently-no-cure-for-aids-reports-to-the-contrary-are-incorrect/ | There is currently no effective cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the chronic and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Claims of curing AIDS via an alkaline food diet are unsupported by scientific evidence and potentially harmful. | 2019-04-01 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_457_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_457 | https://science.feedback.org/review/there-is-currently-no-cure-for-aids-reports-to-the-contrary-are-incorrect/ | AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients | Alfredo Bowman | 2019-04-01 | https://news.weill.cornell.edu/news/2018/10/new-weill-cornell-medicine-investigators-hunt-for-an-hiv-cure | Weill Cornell Medicine’s more than 30 years of HIV/AIDS clinical trial expertise will be particularly helpful in advancing work the team is doing with the Believe in a Cure Martin Delaney Collaboratory funded by a $28 million grant from the National Institutes of Health. The NIH awards the highly competitive grant to investigators with proven experience in innovative vaccine and immunotherapy research. Dr. Nixon is the principal investigator of the project and he and Dr. Jones collaborate with more than a dozen other scientists from Mexico, Canada and Brazil to find and advance the most promising approaches to an HIV cure. Existing therapies for HIV can keep the virus in check and eliminate many of the symptoms associated with advanced AIDS, but if patients stop taking the medications the virus and symptoms come back. A cure would completely eliminate the virus or prevent it from causing symptoms, and may allow patients to discontinue HIV medications and avoid their side effects. | 2018-10-24 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_457_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_457 | https://science.feedback.org/review/there-is-currently-no-cure-for-aids-reports-to-the-contrary-are-incorrect/ | AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients | Alfredo Bowman | 2019-04-01 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11478579/ | While the intensive virostatic combinations applied according to the conventional models (such as HAART), based only on the attacks of two HIV-1 targets, retrotranscriptase and protease, and applied in a long and continuous fashion, a) are notably toxic, b) do not correct completely the abnormal immunologic parameters, and c) are followed by particularly severe and poorly sensitive relapses in case of discontinuation, we propose to the 'AIDS treatment headquarters' to include in their failing strategy the two original features which we have included in the treatment of a cohort of a dozen patients, treatment applied at all but one AIDS stage. We attack one more HIV-1 target than the conventional protocols do, by adding inhibitors of integrase; we apply the combinations of virostatics, comprising inhibitors of the three targets, in short sequences (of 3 weeks), between which the analogues are changed inside each series. The first patient of the cohort started his treatment 8.5 years ago, and the entries of the others into it have been at random and not randomized. All patients are alive today and in excellent condition. | 2014-11-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_457_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_457 | https://science.feedback.org/review/there-is-currently-no-cure-for-aids-reports-to-the-contrary-are-incorrect/ | AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients | Alfredo Bowman | 2019-04-01 | https://www.npr.org/sections/goats-and-soda/2024/07/30/g-s1-13631/hiv-aids-cure-dusseldorf-patient | The first person to be cured of HIV was Timothy Ray Brown, an American who received a pioneering stem cell transplant back in 2007, six years before Franke. There are now seven patients who have been cured. The latest case was revealed at AIDS 2024, the 25th International AIDS Conference, in Munich last week, although this patient has requested anonymity. [...] Finally, and most important, in many cases, such stem cell transplants do not eliminate the virus from the body. An international collaboration called IciStem has begun collecting tissue from the dozens of HIV patients who have received such transplants. The goal is to understand more about why individuals like Franke have been cured while others were not. "The question is why was it successful in these seven cases?" says Christian Gaebler, the doctor at Berlin’s Charité hospital who presented data on the latest patient to be cured at AIDS 2024. "Were there features in the patient which gave them a better starting point to achieve HIV remission or was there something unique about the immune responses of the donor, which created a better chance of depleting these HIV reservoirs." | 2024-07-30 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_458 | sciencefeedback_458 | https://science.feedback.org/review/electroverse-article-incorrectly-claims-the-sun-is-behind-climate-change/ | the IPCC is wrong − the sun, not CO2, drove modern global warming | Roger Higgs | 2020-03-11 | https://science.feedback.org/review/electroverse-article-incorrectly-claims-the-sun-is-behind-climate-change/ | This article presents a long list of inaccurate claims, but focuses on the idea that the Sun—rather than human-caused greenhouse gas emissions—is responsible for global warming. The available evidence and research clearly shows that this claim is incorrect. Measured patterns of warming, and monitoring of incoming solar energy, rule out the Sun as the source of warming. | 2020-03-11 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_458_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_458 | https://science.feedback.org/review/electroverse-article-incorrectly-claims-the-sun-is-behind-climate-change/ | the IPCC is wrong − the sun, not CO2, drove modern global warming | Roger Higgs | 2020-03-11 | https://science.feedback.org/review/electroverse-article-incorrectly-claims-the-sun-is-behind-climate-change/ | This article presents a long list of inaccurate claims, but focuses on the idea that the Sun—rather than human-caused greenhouse gas emissions—is responsible for global warming. The available evidence and research clearly shows that this claim is incorrect. Measured patterns of warming, and monitoring of incoming solar energy, rule out the Sun as the source of warming. [...] Solar forcing is much smaller than CO2 forcing. As this figure from the latest IPCC report shows, CO2 radiative forcing (1.68 W/m2) dwarfs solar forcing (0.05 W/m2). Along with other greenhouse gases, CO2 dominates the total radiative forcing when all positive and negative factors are taken into account. [...] There is strong evidence that solar forcing cannot explain much of the observed warming at all. The "fingerprint" of solar forcing does not match the observed changes at all, neither over time nor space. Solar forcing would warm both the stratosphere and the surface of the Earth, whereas CO2 warms the surface (and the troposphere) but cools the stratosphere. Using radiosondes and (more recently) satellites, we have observed a warming surface and troposphere together with a cooling stratosphere. See Santer et al (2013)* for one of many studies providing this evidence. | 2020-03-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_458_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_458 | https://science.feedback.org/review/electroverse-article-incorrectly-claims-the-sun-is-behind-climate-change/ | the IPCC is wrong − the sun, not CO2, drove modern global warming | Roger Higgs | 2020-03-11 | https://judithcurry.com/2019/12/14/the-toxic-rhetoric-of-climate-change/ | While many people may be unaware of this good news, they do react to each weather or climate disaster in the news. Activist scientists and the media quickly seize upon each extreme weather event as having the fingerprints of manmade climate change — ignoring the analyses of more sober scientists showing periods of even more extreme weather in the first half of the 20th century, when fossil fuel emissions were much smaller. [...] To further complicate climate model projections for the 21st century, the climate models focus only on manmade climate change – they make no attempt to predict natural climate variations from the sun’s output, volcanic eruptions and long-term variations in ocean circulation patterns. We have no idea how natural climate variability will play out in the 21st century, and whether or not natural variability will dominate over manmade warming. | 2019-12-14 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_463 | sciencefeedback_463 | https://science.feedback.org/review/rush-limbaugh-falsely-claims-there-is-no-evidence-of-human-caused-global-warming/ | There isn’t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase. | Rush Limbaugh | 2018-04-02 | https://science.feedback.org/review/rush-limbaugh-falsely-claims-there-is-no-evidence-of-human-caused-global-warming/ | Human-caused global warming is not a theoretical, future prediction—it has already occurred. Warming of the atmosphere and oceans is extensively documented, and the role of increased greenhouse gases in this warming has been determined from multiple lines of evidence. | 2018-04-02 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_463_ret_bn_g19 | sciencefeedback_463 | https://science.feedback.org/review/rush-limbaugh-falsely-claims-there-is-no-evidence-of-human-caused-global-warming/ | There isn’t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase. | Rush Limbaugh | 2018-04-02 | https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/02/richard-lindzens-hol-testimony/ | Lindzen accepts the main principle of the greenhouse effect, that increasing greenhouse gases (like CO2) will cause a radiative forcing that, all other things being equal, will cause the surface to warm. He uses an odd measure of its effectiveness though, claiming that a doubling of CO2 will lead to a ‘2%’ increase in the greenhouse effect. How has he defined the greenhouse effect here? Well, a doubling of CO2 is about a 4 W/m2 forcing at the tropopause, which is roughly 2% of the total upward longwave (LW) (~240 W/m2). But does that even make sense as a definition of the greenhouse effect? Not really. On a planet with no greenhouse effect (but similar albedo) the upward LW would also be 240 W/m2, but the absorbed LW in the atmosphere would be zero, so it would make much more sense to define the greenhouse effect as the amount of LW absorbed (~150 W/m2). In which case, doubling of CO2 is initially slightly more*, but as soon as any feedbacks (particularly water vapour or ice albedo changes) kick in, that would increase. | 2009-06-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_463_ret_bn_g5 | sciencefeedback_463 | https://science.feedback.org/review/rush-limbaugh-falsely-claims-there-is-no-evidence-of-human-caused-global-warming/ | There isn’t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase. | Rush Limbaugh | 2018-04-02 | https://whyclimatechanges.com/impossible/ | Some scientists propose that greenhouse gases act like a blanket surrounding Earth, keeping Earth approximately 33 oC warmer than expected for a planet at Earth’s distance from Sun. Blankets are well-known to slow the loss of thermal energy from a body of matter, but a blanket has no way to increase the amplitudes of oscillation at every frequency of oscillation. A blanket cannot be the source of new thermal energy required to increase the temperature of the body under the blanket, unless it is an electric blanket that adds thermal energy from somewhere else. [...] What is most surprising, given the importance of greenhouse gases in today’s politics, is that greenhouse gases absorbing infrared radiation have never been shown by experiment, a cornerstone of the scientific method, to cause any significant increase in air temperature as explained at JustProveCO2.com. Greenhouse gases absorbing infrared radiation have never been shown by experiment to cause any significant increase in air temperature. | 2020-01-01 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_463_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_463 | https://science.feedback.org/review/rush-limbaugh-falsely-claims-there-is-no-evidence-of-human-caused-global-warming/ | There isn’t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase. | Rush Limbaugh | 2018-04-02 | https://skepticalscience.com/empirical-evidence-for-global-warming.htm | The well-established theory that man-made CO2 is causing global warming is supported as well as any chain of evidence in a rock-solid court case. CO2 keeps the Earth warmer than it would be without it. It has done so for most of geological time. Humans are adding substantial amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly by burning fossil fuels. Empirical evidence abounds to support the contention that the rising temperatures are being caused by that increasing CO2. [...] Greenhouse gases act like a blanket, keeping the Earth warm by preventing some of the sun’s energy being re-radiated from Earth's warmed surface, back out into space. If we add more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the effect is like wrapping yourself in a thicker blanket: even less heat is lost. So how can we tell what effect CO2 is having on temperatures, and if the increase in atmospheric CO2 is really making the planet warmer? [...] The final piece of evidence is ‘the smoking gun’, the proof that CO2 is causing the increase in temperature. CO2 traps energy at very specific wavelengths, while other greenhouse gases trap different wavelengths. In physics, these wavelengths can be measured using a technique called spectroscopy. Here’s an example: | 2023-07-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_469 | sciencefeedback_469 | https://science.feedback.org/review/research-does-not-show-a-medieval-warm-period-warmer-than-the-present-day/ | 18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago | Joanne Nova | 2019-05-08 | https://science.feedback.org/review/research-does-not-show-a-medieval-warm-period-warmer-than-the-present-day/ | Although periods of regional warming or cooling can be caused by natural variability (or events like volcanic eruptions), human-caused warming of the entire planet has led to the highest global temperatures of the last 2,000 years. | 2019-05-08 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_469_ret_b13_gn | sciencefeedback_469 | https://science.feedback.org/review/research-does-not-show-a-medieval-warm-period-warmer-than-the-present-day/ | 18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago | Joanne Nova | 2019-05-08 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the_last_2,000_years | The temperature record of the last 2,000 years is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which only covers the last 170 years at a global scale. Large-scale reconstructions covering part or all of the 1st millennium and 2nd millennium have shown that recent temperatures are exceptional: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report of 2007 concluded that "Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were very likely higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years and likely the highest in at least the past 1,300 years." The curve shown in graphs of these reconstructions is widely known as the hockey stick graph because of the sharp increase in temperatures during the last century. As of 2010[update] this broad pattern was supported by more than two dozen reconstructions, using various statistical methods and combinations of proxy records, with variations in how flat the pre-20th-century "shaft" appears. Sparseness of proxy records results in considerable uncertainty for earlier periods.[2] [...] The 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report cited 14 reconstructions, 10 of which covered 1,000 years or longer, to support its conclusion that "Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were very likely higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years and likely the highest in at least the past 1,300 years".[7] | 2024-08-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_469_ret_bn_g10 | sciencefeedback_469 | https://science.feedback.org/review/research-does-not-show-a-medieval-warm-period-warmer-than-the-present-day/ | 18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago | Joanne Nova | 2019-05-08 | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-of-natural-history/2018/03/23/heres-how-scientists-reconstruct-earths-past-climates/ | Thermometers, ice cores, isotopes. Because each of these approaches measures slightly different things - atmosphere versus ocean, gases versus isotopes, temperatures hundreds of years ago versus temperatures millions of years ago, seasonal versus annual versus time-averaged temperatures - matching them up with one another and building one continuous record of temperature through Earth’s history is a difficult task. This problem becomes even harder as we move further back in time because our ability to assign an exact age to a measurement decreases. To ensure we make the most accurate measurements possible, each proxy requires a specific expertise in the field and in the lab in addition to an understanding of how these methods work in modern settings through empirical observations and/or experimentation. Because these proxies tell us slightly different stories, scientists applying different methods to the geologic record with the same goal of better understanding and quantifying ancient Earth’s temperatures must collaborate to tell the complete story of our planet’s past. Events like the Paleoclimate Symposium at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History provide forums in which scientists can share their knowledge, discuss these problems, and reach a working consensus as a community. | 2018-03-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_469_ret_bn_g14 | sciencefeedback_469 | https://science.feedback.org/review/research-does-not-show-a-medieval-warm-period-warmer-than-the-present-day/ | 18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago | Joanne Nova | 2019-05-08 | https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11676/chapter/3 | The basic conclusion of Mann et al. (1998, 1999) was that the late 20th century warmth in the Northern Hemisphere was unprecedented during at least the last 1,000 years. This conclusion has subsequently been supported by an array of evidence that includes both additional large-scale surface temperature reconstructions and pronounced changes in a variety of local proxy indicators, such as melting on ice caps and the retreat of glaciers around the world. Not all individual proxy records indicate that the recent warmth is unprecedented, although a larger fraction of geographically diverse sites experienced exceptional warmth during the late 20th century than during any other extended period from A.D. 900 onward. [...] Surface temperature reconstructions for the last 2,000 years are consistent with other evidence of global climate change and can be considered as additional supporting evidence. In particular, the numerous indications that recent warmth is unprecedented for at least the last 400 years and potentially the last several millennia, in combination with estimates of external climate forcing variations over the same period, support the conclusion that human activities are responsible for much of the recent warming. However, the uncertainties in the reconstructions of surface temperature and external forcings for the period prior to the instrumental record render this evidence less conclusive than the other lines of evidence cited above. It should also be noted that the scientific consensus regarding human-induced global warming would not be substantively altered if, for example, the global mean surface temperature 1,000 years ago was found to be as warm as it is today. | 2006-06-22 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_470 | sciencefeedback_470 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mandatory-vaccination-was-not-banned-in-sweden-because-of-serious-health-concerns-as-claimed-by-multiple-outlets/ | Sweden Bans Mandatory Vaccinations Over 'Serious Heath [sic] Concerns' | Baxter Dmitry | 2019-08-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mandatory-vaccination-was-not-banned-in-sweden-because-of-serious-health-concerns-as-claimed-by-multiple-outlets/ | Sweden did not reject proposals to implement mandatory vaccination policies because of serious health concerns, but because health care - including vaccination - is always voluntary. Vaccine uptake in Sweden remains high even though vaccination is voluntary, demonstrating that public confidence in vaccines is strong. | 2019-08-23 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_470_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_470 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mandatory-vaccination-was-not-banned-in-sweden-because-of-serious-health-concerns-as-claimed-by-multiple-outlets/ | Sweden Bans Mandatory Vaccinations Over 'Serious Heath [sic] Concerns' | Baxter Dmitry | 2019-08-23 | https://www.france24.com/en/20190311-fact-or-fake-sweden-mandatory-vaccine-ban-healthcare-fake-news | Did Sweden ban mandatory vaccinations? Multiple articles have been published in various languages, claiming that Sweden has banned mandatory vaccinations. They appear to come from a communiqué put out by the controversial American alternative therapy lobby group that calls itself the National Health Federation. According to the various stories, this ban was inspired by a claim that mandatory vaccines went against the Swedish constitutional right to choose one's healthcare. So what actually happened? We tell you more. | 2019-03-11 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_470_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_470 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mandatory-vaccination-was-not-banned-in-sweden-because-of-serious-health-concerns-as-claimed-by-multiple-outlets/ | Sweden Bans Mandatory Vaccinations Over 'Serious Heath [sic] Concerns' | Baxter Dmitry | 2019-08-23 | https://science.feedback.org/outlet/health-nut-news/ | Mandatory vaccination was not "banned" in Sweden because of "serious health concerns" as claimed by multiple outlets | 2020-10-25 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_472 | sciencefeedback_472 | https://science.feedback.org/review/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned. | Sean Martin | 2019-06-08 | https://science.feedback.org/review/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | Express articles repeat this claim frequently, but research does not support the idea of imminent global cooling due to low solar activity. It is not known that a "grand solar minimum" will occur, but even if it did, the temperature effect would be much smaller than human-caused warming. | 2019-06-08 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_472_ret_b15_gn | sciencefeedback_472 | https://science.feedback.org/review/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned. | Sean Martin | 2019-06-08 | https://www.climatedepot.com/2019/07/30/uk-paper-solar-minimum-warning-mini-ice-age-could-last-until-2055-shock-warning/ | The most famous example of this is the Maunder minimum, which saw seven decades of freezing weather, began in 1645 and lasted through to 1715, and happened when sunspots were exceedingly rare. [...] Now, scientists are concerned that we could face another prolonged solar minimum again. [...] The researchers stated in the study published in the journal Nature: "Recently discovered long-term oscillations of the solar background magnetic field associated with double dynamo waves generated in inner and outer layers of the Sun indicate that the solar activity is heading in the next three decades (2019–2055) to a Modern grand minimum similar to Maunder one." | 2019-07-30 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_472_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_472 | https://science.feedback.org/review/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned. | Sean Martin | 2019-06-08 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | Misunderstanding of science: A solar minimum would not cause cold weather across the globe. [...] UPDATE (19 August 2019): The article has been corrected again, removing the incorrect claim about Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the Maunder Minimum and clarifying the likely climate impact of a hypothetical grand solar minimum in the future. [...] While regional and seasonal effects might be larger, the expected global temperature response to a future grand solar minimum similar to the Maunder Minimum is a cooling of about 0.1°C. It should be pointed out that this cooling would occur on the background of current anthropogenic warming which is about a factor of 10 larger. To claim that temperatures will fall dramatically is thus not really justified. It is also clear from these numbers that a future grand solar minimum (which would last only for a few decades anyway) would not save us from global warming, as we have shown in a scientific paper and explained here. The marginal temperature differences between warming scenarios with and without a future Maunder Minimum is illustrated here: | 2020-03-05 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_472_ret_b9_gn | sciencefeedback_472 | https://science.feedback.org/review/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned. | Sean Martin | 2019-06-08 | https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/faq/what-happens-if-the-next-solar-cycle-becomes-less-active-will-we-enter-into-a-new-ice-age/ | What happens if the next solar cycle becomes less active? Will we enter into a new ice age? [...] In more depth, scientists know that even a prolonged Grand Solar Minimum would only serve to offset a few years of warming caused by human activities. In other words, warming caused by the greenhouse gas emissions from the human burning of fossil fuels is 6 times greater than the possible decades-long cooling from a prolonged Grand Solar Minimum. Even if a Grand Solar Minimum were to last for a century, global temperatures would still continue to warm. Because the Sun is not the only factor affecting global temperatures on Earth. | 2018-08-13 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_472_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_472 | https://science.feedback.org/review/yet-another-express-article-falsely-warns-of-a-solar-induced-ice-age-sean-martin/ | The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned. | Sean Martin | 2019-06-08 | http://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/why-did-earths-surface-temperature-stop-rising-past-decade | Why did Earth’s surface temperature stop rising in the past decade? [...] During the last decade, a longer than usual solar minimum cycle, several volcanic eruptions, and relatively low amounts of water vapor in the stratosphere may have helped cool the atmosphere temporarily. But recent research suggests that the Earth’s natural climate variability—natural, short-term fluctuations in the climate system that occur on a year-to-year basis or longer—may have played the most pivotal role of all by transferring excess heat from the Earth’s surface into the deep ocean. [...] Kosaka Y., and S-P. Xie (2013) Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling. Nature, 501, 403-407, doi: 10.1038/nature12534 | 2018-09-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_476 | sciencefeedback_476 | https://science.feedback.org/review/instagram-reel-rehashes-old-misinformation-inaccurately-linking-autism-vaccines-glyphosate-mthfr/ | Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury | Nathan Riley | 2023-11-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/instagram-reel-rehashes-old-misinformation-inaccurately-linking-autism-vaccines-glyphosate-mthfr/ | Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder commonly manifesting in difficulties with social interaction and communication, among other symptoms. Epidemiological studies of hundreds of thousands of children have found no association between childhood vaccination and autism. Variants of the MTHFR gene are common and claims that MTHFR mutations lead to an inability to “detox” from vaccines are false. Reliable scientific evidence about glyphosate’s association with autism is currently lacking, although more research in this area is needed to better understand the potential impact of glyphosate exposure. | 2023-11-19 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_476_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_476 | https://science.feedback.org/review/instagram-reel-rehashes-old-misinformation-inaccurately-linking-autism-vaccines-glyphosate-mthfr/ | Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury | Nathan Riley | 2023-11-19 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26956130/ | Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility - PMID: 26956130 - DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9815-0 Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility Autism (MIM 209850) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease that manifests within the first 3 years of life. Numerous articles reported that dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway enzymes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme of this pathway and MTHFR C677T polymorphism reported as risk factor for autism in several case control studies. However, controversial reports were also published. Hence the present meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the risk of autism. Electronic databases were searched for case control studies with following search terms - 'MTHFR', 'C677T', in combination with 'Autism'. Pooled OR with its corresponding 95 % CI was calculated and used as association measure to investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of autism. Total of thirteen studies were found suitable for the inclusion in the present meta-analysis, which comprises 1978 cases and 7257 controls. | 2016-02-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_476_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_476 | https://science.feedback.org/review/instagram-reel-rehashes-old-misinformation-inaccurately-linking-autism-vaccines-glyphosate-mthfr/ | Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury | Nathan Riley | 2023-11-19 | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.560948/full | As one of the key enzymes in metabolic regulation, MTHFR is also one of the important candidate genes for common neurodevelopmental disorders. More than 10 mutations have been found contributing to effects of the MTHFR enzyme, of which C677T is one of the most common mutations found up to the present (24, 25). Decreased enzyme activity and heat tolerance caused by mutations can lead to folic acid metabolic abnormalities, methylation abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental disorders (17). This study suggested that carriers of MTHFR 677T allele were more likely to show an increased risk of autism than carriers of CC homozygotes (P = 0.004, OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29), to some extent, which verifies that MTHFR may be one of the predisposing genes for autism. Paşca et al. (39) first reported the association between MTHFR C677T and risk of autism; however, it was a small sample study that just was carried out in 15 cases of autism and 25 cases of autism spectrum disorders. However, dos Santos (40) did not find any association between MTHFR C677T and risk of autism in Brazilian population. | 2021-02-25 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_476_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_476 | https://science.feedback.org/review/instagram-reel-rehashes-old-misinformation-inaccurately-linking-autism-vaccines-glyphosate-mthfr/ | Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury | Nathan Riley | 2023-11-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/instagram-reel-rehashes-old-misinformation-inaccurately-linking-autism-vaccines-glyphosate-mthfr/ | In November 2023, obstetrician and gynecologist Nathan Riley, who has more than 23,000 followers on Instagram, posted an Instagram reel suggesting that vaccines, glyphosate, and mutations in the MTHFR gene contribute to the development of autism in children with brainneurologic injury. The reel’s caption stated "Asking questions is the thesis of science. Being unwilling to question your bias is antithetical to science". Riley’s speculation can be traced back to misinformation that attributes autism to childhood vaccines, the MTHFR gene, or glyphosate, that has been cropping up for years, as Health Feedback reviews and other science-related articles have documented. The assertion that he is "just asking questions" also presumes that there are grounds to suspect vaccines, MTHFR mutations, and glyphosate cause autism. However, most of these claims have already been investigated and discredited. We explain below. [...] Riley’s speculation that a combination of vaccines, MTHFR mutations, and glyphosate can lead to autism can ultimately be traced back to old misinformation around the causes of autism. The claim that vaccines contain toxic ingredients is false, and there have already been numerous studies looking to see if an association between childhood vaccines and autism exists. Large-scale reliable studies have found no such association. There’s also no evidence that MTHFR mutations affect a person’s ability to process folate or their response to vaccines. Evidence regarding a potential link between glyphosate and autism is scarce at the moment, although the few studies available at the moment are insufficient to support claims that glyphosate contributes to autism risk. | 2023-11-23 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_477 | sciencefeedback_477 | https://science.feedback.org/review/us-covid-19-death-toll-reached-1-million-in-may-2022-15-million-deaths-worldwide-2/ | U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million | Carla Johnson | 2022-05-17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/us-covid-19-death-toll-reached-1-million-in-may-2022-15-million-deaths-worldwide-2/ | COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020. More than two years later, the disease has caused about 1 million deaths in the U.S. and an estimated 15 million excess deaths worldwide, according to health agencies. | 2022-05-17 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_477_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_477 | https://science.feedback.org/review/us-covid-19-death-toll-reached-1-million-in-may-2022-15-million-deaths-worldwide-2/ | U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million | Carla Johnson | 2022-05-17 | https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/health/2022/05/12/u-s--hits-1-million-covid-19-deaths | While much of the United States has nearly returned to life as normal, Americans received a sobering reminder Thursday about the toll the COVID-19 pandemic has taken, as the country surpassed 1 million deaths from the virus, President Joe Biden said. What You Need To Know - The United States has surpassed 1 million deaths from COVID-19, President Joe Biden said Thursday - One million lives lost — that’s roughly the population of San Jose, California, and far exceeds the number of deaths the U.S. suffered in World War I and every war since, combined - And the true death toll might be even higher — the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation estimates the number is actually 1,298,064 when unreported virus deaths are factored in - More than half of the 1 million deaths have come in the past 12 months despite vaccines being available to all American adults in that time [...] One million lives lost. That’s roughly the population of San Jose, California. It far exceeds the number of deaths the U.S. suffered in World War I and every war since — combined. | 2022-05-12 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_477_ret_bn_g18 | sciencefeedback_477 | https://science.feedback.org/review/us-covid-19-death-toll-reached-1-million-in-may-2022-15-million-deaths-worldwide-2/ | U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million | Carla Johnson | 2022-05-17 | https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/us-nears-1-million-covid-deaths-hard-hit-mifflin-county-pennsylvania/ | The United States is nearing 1 million deaths from covid — a number that few thought possible when the pandemic began. In March 2020, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said that based on modeling of the pace of the coronavirus’s spread in the U.S. at that time, "between 100,000 and 200,000" people may die from covid. Reaching a million deaths seemed even more improbable when safe and effective vaccines came onto the market in December 2020. More than 60% of the 977,000 deaths have occurred since then. | 2022-04-29 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_477_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_477 | https://science.feedback.org/review/us-covid-19-death-toll-reached-1-million-in-may-2022-15-million-deaths-worldwide-2/ | U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million | Carla Johnson | 2022-05-17 | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/u-s-covid-deaths-hit-1-million-less-than-3-years-into-the-pandemic | By — Carla K. Johnson, Associated Press Carla K. Johnson, Associated Press Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/u-s-covid-deaths-hit-1-million-less-than-3-years-into-the-pandemic Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter U.S. COVID deaths hit 1 million less than 3 years into the pandemic Health May 16, 2022 1:41 PM EDT The U.S. death toll from COVID-19 hit 1 million on Monday, a once-unimaginable figure that only hints at the multitudes of loved ones and friends staggered by grief and frustration. The confirmed number of dead is equivalent to a 9/11 attack every day for 336 days. It is roughly equal to how many Americans died in the Civil War and World War II combined. It’s as if Boston and Pittsburgh were wiped out. "It is hard to imagine a million people plucked from this earth," said Jennifer Nuzzo, who leads a new pandemic center at the Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, Rhode Island. "It’s still happening and we are letting it happen." READ MORE: Why 1 million dead from COVID is so hard for our brains to understand Some of those left behind say they cannot return to normal. They replay their loved ones’ voicemail messages. | 2022-05-16 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_478 | sciencefeedback_478 | https://science.feedback.org/review/earths-orbit-cannot-explain-modern-climate-change/ | changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet | Ethan Huff | 2019-08-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/earths-orbit-cannot-explain-modern-climate-change/ | Slowly changing orbital cycles did, indeed, control the timing of ice ages over the last several million years, but they cannot explain the much more rapid climate change seen in the last century. Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions have strengthened Earth's greenhouse effect, and this is clearly the cause of global warming. | 2019-08-30 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_478_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_478 | https://science.feedback.org/review/earths-orbit-cannot-explain-modern-climate-change/ | changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet | Ethan Huff | 2019-08-30 | https://www.agricultureportal.co.za/index.php/farming-news/africa-world/3260-nasa-admits-that-climate-change-occurs-because-of-changes-in-earth-s-solar-orbit-and-not-because-of-suvs-and-fossil-fuels | It was the year 1958, to be precise, when NASA first observed that changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as "warming" (or "cooling," depending on their agenda). In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet by driving SUVs or eating beef, in other words. [...] As for earth’s obliquity, or its change in axial tilt, the below two images (Robert Simmon, NASA GSFC) show the degree to which the earth can shift on both its axis and its rotational orientation. At the higher tilts, earth’s seasons become much more extreme, while at lower tilts they become much more mild. A similar situation exists for earth’s rotational axis, which depending on which hemisphere is pointed at the sun during perihelion, can greatly impact the seasonal extremes between the two hemispheres. Based on these different variables, Milankovitch was able to come up with a comprehensive mathematical model that is able to compute surface temperatures on earth going way back in time, and the conclusion is simple: Earth’s climate has always been changing, and is in a constant state of flux due to no fault of our own as human beings. | 2019-10-21 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_478_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_478 | https://science.feedback.org/review/earths-orbit-cannot-explain-modern-climate-change/ | changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth’s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as “warming”[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet | Ethan Huff | 2019-08-30 | https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Earth/274103 | Even more subtle motions exist. The circle traced out in the sky by the North Pole has little wobbles on it, because of a sort of rocking motion called nutation. Over a cycle of about 41,000 years, the tilt of the spin axis actually varies from about 22 to 25 degrees. In the first part of the 20th century the Serbian mathematician Milutin Milankovitch proposed that such variations in tilt, along with slight changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit, have triggered climate change in the past. Climate scientists now widely accept this model as explaining one of the many triggers of the onset and ending of ice ages. [...] Taking into account all that has been learned about Earth’s past and present, one can speculate in an informed way about what the future may hold for the planet. This involves exploring two basic scenarios: one in which humans have no effect or role and another in which people influence the course of events in various possible ways. | 2010-01-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_48 | sciencefeedback_48 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic | Rashid Buttar | 2020-04-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | Vaccines do not cause autism or mercury toxicity. The amount of mercury that infants receive through their diet is more than twice the amount ever contained in vaccines. Scientific evidence shows that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises through a combination of genetics and environment. Twin studies demonstrate a strong heritable component to ASD, with heritability estimates ranging from about 30 to 90%. Many genes involved in ASD risk are associated with brain and neuronal development. | 2020-04-30 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_48_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_48 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic | Rashid Buttar | 2020-04-30 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | These claims were made by doctor of osteopathy Rashid Buttar on 30 April 2020, during a video interview. Excerpts of the video, which have been archived here and here, have been shared across social media platforms such as Facebook many times, and the claims have been made on many other occasions by prominent individuals, such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and former U.S. congressman Dan Burton. Buttar rehashes the discredited yet persistent claim that vaccines cause autism, and attributes this to mercury toxicity from thimerosal. Numerous large-scale studies have already shown that there is no association between vaccines and autism[1-21]. Buttar misleadingly conflates the element mercury with the compound thimerosal. While it is true that elemental mercury is highly toxic, and that thimerosal contains this element, thimerosal has very different chemical properties. One example that illustrates the difference between elements and compounds is sodium chloride, better known as table salt. Table salt is generally harmless, whereas elemental sodium reacts violently upon contact with water and elemental chlorine was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. [...] Buttar claims that vaccines labeled thimerosal-free still contain thimerosal but provides no evidence to support his statement. He also makes several claims about the toxicity of other vaccine ingredients, namely formaldehyde, nickel, aluminum, and "DNA adducts", again without any scientific evidence. It is true that formaldehyde can be toxic and that it is used in vaccine production. However, the amount of formaldehyde present in vaccines is too low to cause toxicity. The Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia states: | 2022-06-02 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_48_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_48 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic | Rashid Buttar | 2020-04-30 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18172138/ | Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories - PMID: 18172138 - PMCID: PMC2376879 - DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.113159 Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories [...] Mercury, vaccines, and autism, revisited.Am J Public Health. 2008 Aug;98(8):1350; author reply 1350-1. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.138776. Epub 2008 Jun 12. Am J Public Health. 2008. PMID: 18556596 Free PMC article. No abstract available. | 2007-10-09 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_48_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_48 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic | Rashid Buttar | 2020-04-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | Vaccines do not cause mercury toxicity or autism, contrary to claim in London Real video Vaccines do not cause autism or mercury toxicity. The amount of mercury that infants receive through their diet is more than twice the amount ever contained in vaccines. Scientific evidence shows that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises through a combination of genetics and environment. Twin studies demonstrate a strong heritable component to ASD, with heritability estimates ranging from about 30 to 90%. Many genes involved in ASD risk are associated with brain and neuronal development. [...] Buttar claims that vaccines labeled thimerosal-free still contain thimerosal but provides no evidence to support his statement. He also makes several claims about the toxicity of other vaccine ingredients, namely formaldehyde, nickel, aluminum, and "DNA adducts", again without any scientific evidence. It is true that formaldehyde can be toxic and that it is used in vaccine production. However, the amount of formaldehyde present in vaccines is too low to cause toxicity. The Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia states: | 2020-05-15 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_48_ret_bn_g14 | sciencefeedback_48 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-mercury-toxicity-or-autism-contrary-to-claim-by-rashid-buttar-london-real/ | “Autism is nothing more than mercury toxicity“; vaccine ingredients are toxic | Rashid Buttar | 2020-04-30 | https://www.poison.org/articles/vaccines-do-not-cause-autism | Even as Dr. Wakefield's reported findings were being evaluated and repudiated, another stream of concern entered the public consciousness. The vaccine given to children whom Wakefield studied did not contain mercury, but some vaccines in the United States were preserved with a mercury-containing compound called thimerosal. An emerging public health concern about effects of mercury exposure coincided with Dr. Wakefield's publication. Because certain forms of mercury are toxic to humans in sufficient quantity, some parents and clinicians feared that thimerosal might be a cause of autism. Although this association has been refuted by scientific evidence, many people continue to believe that the two are related. [...] - Baker JP. Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories. Am J Pub Health 2008;98(2):2-11. [...] - Stehr-Green, P., Tull, P., Stellfeld, M., Mortenson, P., Simpson, D. Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association. Am J Prev Med 2003;25:101–106. | 2012-01-01 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_480_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_480 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-italy-didnt-show-covid-vaccines-unacceptable-safety-profile-contrary-peter-mccullough/ | Study in Italy shows nearly 1 in 3 COVID vaccine recipients have neurological side effects, indicating an “unacceptable” safety profile | Peter McCullough, Naveen Athrappully | 2023-08-11 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01556-7 | In summary, although we find an increased risk of neurological complications in those who received COVID-19 vaccines, the risk of these complications is greater following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. [...] Since the start of large-scale vaccine programs across the world, additional case reports have linked other neurological adverse events to COVID-19 vaccination, including Guillain–Barré syndrome9,10,11. Furthermore, surveillance studies have found a possible link between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and neurological events, including Guillain–Barré syndrome and myelitis12,13. However, case reports and surveillance studies are limited by small numbers, as well as potential selection and recording biases. Therefore, detailed assessments of potential neurological adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and infection are urgently needed. | 2021-10-25 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_480_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_480 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-italy-didnt-show-covid-vaccines-unacceptable-safety-profile-contrary-peter-mccullough/ | Study in Italy shows nearly 1 in 3 COVID vaccine recipients have neurological side effects, indicating an “unacceptable” safety profile | Peter McCullough, Naveen Athrappully | 2023-08-11 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-italy-didnt-show-covid-vaccines-unacceptable-safety-profile-contrary-peter-mccullough/ | Study in Italy didn’t show COVID-19 vaccines have an "unacceptable" safety profile, contrary to claim by Peter McCullough [...] In late October 2023, a claim that a study found "nearly 1 in 3 COVID-19 vaccine recipients suffered neurological side effects" made the rounds on the Internet. The claim originates from an Epoch Times article, which is in turn based on a Substack article by cardiologist Peter McCullough. McCullough has figured prominently in the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. The Epoch Times posted the same claim on Instagram, receiving more than 11,000 likes. In his Substack article, McCullough cited a study by researchers in Italy, which surveyed vaccinated people to measure the number of neurological adverse events occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. He claimed the study showed "a shocking 31.2% of respondents to this large dataset sustained neurologic injury after two injections with verified data in health registries" and called the safety profile of the COVID-19 vaccines "unacceptable". | 2023-11-08 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_480_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_480 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-italy-didnt-show-covid-vaccines-unacceptable-safety-profile-contrary-peter-mccullough/ | Study in Italy shows nearly 1 in 3 COVID vaccine recipients have neurological side effects, indicating an “unacceptable” safety profile | Peter McCullough, Naveen Athrappully | 2023-08-11 | https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0 | Mild neurological effects of the COVID-19 vaccine include weakness, numbness, headache, dizziness, imbalance, fatigue, muscle spasms, joint pain, and restless leg syndrome are more common, while tremors, tinnitus, and herpes zoster are less common. On the other hand, severe neurological complications included Bell's palsy, Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), stroke, seizures, anaphylaxis, and demyelinating syndromes such as transverse myelitis and acute encephalomyelitis [10]. Among these, the most dangerous neurological complication caused by COVID-19 vaccines, especially adenovirus-based, is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in women of childbearing age [8]. [...] Hosseini, R., Askari, N. A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Med Res 28, 102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0 | 2023-02-25 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_483 | sciencefeedback_483 | https://science.feedback.org/review/heartland-institute-report-incorrectly-claims-no-evidence-human-impacts-melting-ice/ | Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at ‘unnatural’ rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-05-17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/heartland-institute-report-incorrectly-claims-no-evidence-human-impacts-melting-ice/ | The rapid loss of glacial ice and Arctic sea ice cover is consistent with and most likely due to human impact on the climate system. | 2017-05-17 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_483_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_483 | https://science.feedback.org/review/heartland-institute-report-incorrectly-claims-no-evidence-human-impacts-melting-ice/ | Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at ‘unnatural’ rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-05-17 | https://climatefeedback.org/reviewers/francois-massonnet/ | Insightful Bloomberg coverage on the rapidly changing Arctic: sea ice melt and permafrost thawing in Bloomberg, by Blacki Migliozzi & Eric Roston — 21 Apr 2017 Declining Arctic sea ice cover and thawing permafrost are both complex feedbacks that amplify global warming: The loss of reflective sea ice means more sunlight absorbed by the dar... [...] Heartland Institute report incorrectly claims no evidence of human impacts in melting ice | 2018-12-04 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_483_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_483 | https://science.feedback.org/review/heartland-institute-report-incorrectly-claims-no-evidence-human-impacts-melting-ice/ | Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at ‘unnatural’ rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-05-17 | https://climatefeedback.org/reviewers/jeremy-fyke/ | Analysis of "Next year or the year after, the Arctic will be free of ice" [...] In popular video, Dan Peña falsely claims humans aren’t causing climate change [...] Heartland Institute report incorrectly claims no evidence of human impacts in melting ice | 2020-01-14 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_483_ret_bn_g5 | sciencefeedback_483 | https://science.feedback.org/review/heartland-institute-report-incorrectly-claims-no-evidence-human-impacts-melting-ice/ | Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at ‘unnatural’ rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-05-17 | https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2017/04/04/how-we-know-climate-change-is-not-natural/ | Global temperatures have risen an average of 1.4˚ F since 1880. Sea ice in the Arctic has thinned and decreased in the last few decades; the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are decreasing in mass. The North and South Poles are warming faster than anywhere else on Earth. Glaciers are retreating on mountains all over the world. Spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the last 50 years. [...] Here is how scientists know that the climate change we are experiencing is mainly due to human activity and not a result of natural phenomenon. [...] Evidence from ocean sediments, ice cores, tree rings, sedimentary rocks and coral reefs show that the current warming is occurring 10 times faster than it did in the past when Earth emerged from the ice ages, at a rate unprecedented in the last 1,300 years. | 2017-04-04 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_483_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_483 | https://science.feedback.org/review/heartland-institute-report-incorrectly-claims-no-evidence-human-impacts-melting-ice/ | Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at ‘unnatural’ rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-05-17 | https://www.theguardian.com/vital-signs/2014/dec/11/arctic-antarctic-sea-ice-explainer | 2014 is set to be one of the hottest years on record. This comes at a time when Arctic summer sea ice melted to its sixth-lowest extent this year: 1.9m square miles. 2012 still holds the record, with just 1.32m square miles of sea ice by the summer’s end. [...] Before human-propelled climate change began to warm the Arctic, the summer and winter extents of Arctic sea ice were fairly consistent from year to year, and a good deal of Arctic sea ice would endure over multiple years to form a resilient, year-round layer of ice over the ocean, helping to keep temperatures cool. [...] As warming conditions over the past few decades have intensified summer melting of the Arctic ice cap, more of the ocean’s surface has been exposed to the sun’s rays. When solar rays hit sea ice, the light-colored ice reflects much of it back into space; this effect is called "albedo." Open, dark Arctic Ocean water absorbs a lot more solar energy than it reflects, however, warming the sea water. This makes it harder for new ice to form in the fall and winter, and for multi-year ice to last through the summer. | 2014-12-14 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_484 | sciencefeedback_484 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit | Vicki Batts | 2019-09-17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | Research has shown that people with ADHD exhibit differences in brain structure and function compared to typical people (i.e. those without the disorder). Several genes associated with ADHD risk have also been identified. In short, ADHD is a genuine neurodevelopmental disorder, and not simply fabricated for profit. | 2019-09-17 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_484_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_484 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit | Vicki Batts | 2019-09-17 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/work-of-fiction/ | I’ve been seeing this story making the rounds about how the alleged "inventor" of ADHD (a Dr. Eisenberg) had a sort of deathbed confession, and, in an interview with Der Spiegel 7 months before he died at 87, said, "ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease." Leon Eisenberg, the father of ADHD, is quoted as saying in Der Spiegel that "ADHD is a fictitious disease" (shortly before his death). [...] We found that the German-language version of Der Spiegel ran an article in 2012 that skeptically examined the large increase in diagnoses of mental disorders in recent years and quoted Dr. Eisenberg on that subject. A software-based translation of that article from German to English does describe Dr. Eisenberg as the "father of ADHD" and report that during his "last interview" he said something similar to "ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease." However, when one allows for the vagaries of translation from German to English and reads the statement in context, it's clear that Dr. Eisenberg wasn't asserting that ADHD isn't a real disorder, but rather that he thought the influence of genetic predispositions for ADHD (rather than social/environmental risk factors) were vastly overestimated: | 2013-05-17 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_484_ret_b14_gn | sciencefeedback_484 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit | Vicki Batts | 2019-09-17 | https://www.lmtribune.com/local-news/adhd-is-pure-fiction-now-whos-willing-to-debate-me7d2c29e2/ | In 2009, pediatrician and former medical school professor Bose Ravenel and I published "The Diseasing of America's Children" (Thomas Nelson), in which we argued from facts that ADHD and other childhood behavior disorders were inventions of the psychological-psychiatric-pharmaceutical industry. [...] Just to be clear: I am not saying ADHD is over-diagnosed; I am saying it does not exist. It is a fiction. I've been saying this since the early 1980s and have been the target, since then, of much professional and parent criticism, even scorn. Russell Barkley, for example, widely regarded as the world's leading expert on ADHD, equates me with Scientologists and claims that I believe television causes ADHD. He cannot honestly debate me, so he mocks me and distorts what I have actually said. [...] In the January 2017 edition of CuriousMindMagazine.com ("Renowned Harvard Psychologist Says ADHD Largely a Fraud"), Kagan is quoted as saying that ADHD is "an invention." Referring to the drugs used to supposedly treat ADHD, Kagan says that if a drug is available, physicians will use it. | 2024-08-27 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_484_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_484 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit | Vicki Batts | 2019-09-17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | Natural News article inaccurately claims ADHD is a "fake disease" invented for profit [...] ADHD has been described as a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, excessive activity and impulsivity (acting without thinking), generally diagnosed in childhood. This article by Natural News claims that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a "fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit". Although it was published more than a year ago, it has seen a recent revival and is currently trending on Facebook, garnering more than 1.5 million shares. [...] While all children display traits such as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity to varying degrees, reviewers highlighted that children with ADHD exhibit these characteristics to a severe degree that disrupts their education and relationships with others. Reviewers cautioned that viewing ADHD as a "fake disease" trivializes the significant distress that affected individuals and their families experience, and could potentially lead to poorer outcomes. | 2019-09-17 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_484_ret_bn_g11 | sciencefeedback_484 | https://science.feedback.org/review/natural-news-article-inaccurately-claims-adhd-is-a-fake-disease-invented-for-profit-vicki-batts/ | ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit | Vicki Batts | 2019-09-17 | https://www.drbelsham.com/inventor-of-adhds-deathbed-confession-adhd-is-a-fictitious-disease/ | The article in question, published by www.worldpublicopinion.org, claims that the ‘inventor’ of ADHD, Dr Leon Eisenberg, made a ‘deathbed confession’ that ‘ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease.’ [...] ‘The alarmed critics of the Ritalin disaster are now getting support from an entirely different side. The German weekly Der Spiegel quoted in its cover story on 2 February 2012 the US American psychiatrist Leon Eisenberg, born in 1922 as the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, who was the "scientific father of ADHD" and who said at the age of 87, seven months before his death in his last interview: "ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease." Since 1968, however, some 40 years, Leon Eisenberg’s "disease" haunted the diagnostic and statistical manuals, first as "hyperkinetic reaction of childhood", now called "ADHD". The use of ADHD medications in Germany rose in only eighteen years from 34 kg (in 1993) to a record of no less than 1760 kg (in 2011) – which is a 51-fold increase in sales! In the United States every tenth boy among ten year-olds already swallows an ADHD medication on a daily basis. With an increasing tendency.’ | 2015-06-04 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_486 | sciencefeedback_486 | https://science.feedback.org/review/various-childhood-vaccines-tested-saline-placebo-controlled-clinical-trials-contrary-claims-those-opposed-vaccination/ | “No childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.” | Social media users | 2024-02-24 | https://science.feedback.org/review/various-childhood-vaccines-tested-saline-placebo-controlled-clinical-trials-contrary-claims-those-opposed-vaccination/ | Randomized controlled trials are commonly held up as the gold standard for determining the safety and efficacy of a medical intervention, like a vaccine or a drug. Saline placebo-controlled trials are sometimes used to test a new vaccine, but such trials aren’t always practical or ethical to do. For instance, when testing a new vaccine against a disease for which there are existing, effective vaccines, such a trial would leave the placebo group unprotected from the disease. In such cases, it is considered acceptable to compare the new vaccine with an existing one. | 2024-02-24 | False | true | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_486_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_486 | https://science.feedback.org/review/various-childhood-vaccines-tested-saline-placebo-controlled-clinical-trials-contrary-claims-those-opposed-vaccination/ | “No childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.” | Social media users | 2024-02-24 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/various-childhood-vaccines-tested-saline-placebo-controlled-clinical-trials-contrary-claims-those-opposed-vaccination/ | FULL CLAIM: "No childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial."; childhood vaccine schedules haven't been tested properly The claim that no childhood vaccine has ever been tested against a placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial commonly crops up in anti-vaccine content. One example of this claim can be seen in this Instagram post. Prominent figures in the anti-vaccine community, including U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and television producer Del Bigtree, have also made this claim before. [...] And a search on PubMed, a repository of studies in health and medicine that is maintained by the U.S. Library of Medicine, will also turn up multiple studies showing that several vaccines on the childhood vaccination schedule have indeed been tested in double-blind, saline placebo-controlled randomized trials. | 2024-03-01 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_486_ret_b18_gn | sciencefeedback_486 | https://science.feedback.org/review/various-childhood-vaccines-tested-saline-placebo-controlled-clinical-trials-contrary-claims-those-opposed-vaccination/ | “No childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.” | Social media users | 2024-02-24 | https://www.kevinmd.com/2017/05/vaccine-study-youll-never-see.html | I think they mean that we haven’t done the best study. Those of us in the scientific and medical fields frequently demand well-designed studies — like double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials — so why not apply that same requirement to vaccines? Why hasn’t anybody ever done that study? [...] The placebo group shouldn’t have any side effects — nothing significant, anyway. Sure, some of these kids will have autism, allergic reactions, or other problems — because, well, these things happen — but we’ll know it isn’t because of the vaccines. We would compare the rates of these side effects to those in the vaccine group. If the rates of, say autism, are the same in the vaccine group as the placebo group, we could conclude that vaccines don’t cause autism. [...] Hopefully, you’ve realized (if you didn’t already) why we haven’t done this study — and why we never will. Vaccines prevent disease — in your child, your child’s friends, and people who can’t be vaccinated. Vaccines save lives. No, we don’t have a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing our vaccine schedule to placebo. But we do have some pretty convincing evidence. Check it out for yourself. | 2022-02-18 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_486_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_486 | https://science.feedback.org/review/various-childhood-vaccines-tested-saline-placebo-controlled-clinical-trials-contrary-claims-those-opposed-vaccination/ | “No childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.” | Social media users | 2024-02-24 | https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/covid-19-health/placebos-used-vaccine-trials-do-not-please-everyone | If, at the recommendation of a friend, you decided to "do your own research" on the topic, I understand the resulting confusion. The World Health Organization had to convene an expert panel on the issue of placebos in vaccine trials after acknowledging that guidance documents from different international bodies were conflicting. This is because vaccines don’t exist in a vacuum: their circumstances help dictate the kind of control they should be pitted against. A vaccine can be the first of its kind against a disease or it may be a challenger to the throne. It may immunize against more strains than a preexisting vaccine or it may be identical to a vaccine on the market except for the addition of a special molecule meant to boost the immune reaction. A saline injection may be an ethically valid control in some of these instances but not in others. [...] This being said, there is a persistent argument online that contaminates minds like a bad virus: that no vaccine has ever been compared to a saline solution. This is simply untrue. The website Virology Down Under lists specific trials of important vaccines that were placebo-controlled and this article from the Vaccines Work Blog specifically lists a number of saline placebo vaccine studies. | 2020-07-06 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_492 | sciencefeedback_492 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | Thai princess “most likely a victim of the jab”, Thailand “could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer” | Clayton Morris | 2023-02-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | COVID-19 vaccines are instrumental in reducing the risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19. Princess Bajrakitiyabha of Thailand collapsed because of a bacterial infection with Mycoplasma that can lead to complications such as cardiac arrhythmia. Thailand continues to offer and recommend COVID-19 vaccination. | 2023-02-04 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_492_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_492 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | Thai princess “most likely a victim of the jab”, Thailand “could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer” | Clayton Morris | 2023-02-04 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | FULL CLAIM: Thai princess "most likely a victim of the jab", collapsed "days after receiving her booster shot"; Thailand "could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer" On 15 December 2022, Princess Bajrakitiyabha of the Thai royal family collapsed into a coma and no news of her health has been shared since then. In January 2023, retired microbiologist Sucharit Bhakdi claimed in an interview posted on Rumble that the princess’ collapse was due to COVID-19 vaccines and that Thai officials were considering canceling the vaccine supply contract with Pfizer. [...] In summary, official statements attributed the princess’ collapse to a bacterial infection, not the COVID-19 vaccines. No proof to the contrary has been brought forth by Morris or Bhakdi. Official statements also confirmed that Thailand wasn’t planning to void its contract with Pfizer. | 2023-07-10 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_492_ret_b15_gn | sciencefeedback_492 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | Thai princess “most likely a victim of the jab”, Thailand “could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer” | Clayton Morris | 2023-02-04 | https://sukwan.substack.com/p/we-will-see-to-it-that-thailand-is | "We Will See to it that Thailand is the First Country in the World that is Going to Declare this Contract Null" If the Thai Government Goes After the Pfizer Jabs, Might Other Countries Follow Suit? [...] Princess Ong Bha was supposedly boosted with the Pfizer vaccine 23 days before her collapse. The King of Thailand is being advised that his daughter’s collapse, which she is extremely unlikely to ever recover from, may be related to safe and effective jabs. Advisors to the King want the contract with Pfizer declared null and void. | 2023-01-29 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_492_ret_b16_gn | sciencefeedback_492 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | Thai princess “most likely a victim of the jab”, Thailand “could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer” | Clayton Morris | 2023-02-04 | https://www.techarp.com/facts/pfizer-thai-princess-vaccine/ | Top Thai authorities including advisors to the King have been in discussions with Prof. Sucharit Bhakdi and are prepared to see to it that the Pfizer contracts are declared null and void!! The Royal Family has been alerted that the princess is most likely a victim of the jab!! The Thai Princess who collapsed 23 days after her booster is still in a coma. The Royal Family have been alerted that the purported diagnosis of a bacterial infection is ‘ridiculous’ and that she is most likely the victim of the jab. Thai Government Vows to be "First Country" to Declare Pfizer Contracts "Null" After Princess Drops of Heart Attack, Dr. Bhakdi Presents "Fraud" | 2023-01-30 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_492_ret_b18_g17 | sciencefeedback_492 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-not-responsible-for-thai-princess-collapse-the-country-isnt-revisiting-its-contract-with-pfizer/ | Thai princess “most likely a victim of the jab”, Thailand “could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer” | Clayton Morris | 2023-02-04 | https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/redacted-bias/ | Failed Fact Checks - New Zealand intelligence bosses are calling on citizens to report fellow Kiwis if they don’t agree with COVID-19 measures or want to send their children to school without a mask. – False - The United Nations partnered with Google to suppress public access to climate change-related data. – False - Bill Gates Announced The Date And Location Of The Next Pandemic On December 26, 2022 – False - The tabletop exercise "Catastrophic Contagion" means that "Bill Gates and WHO have announced when we will see the next pandemic" – Unsupported - The COVID-19 vaccine trials were a "theatrical performance … they were actually not real." – False - Thai princess "most likely a victim of the jab", Thailand "could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer" – Inaccurate | 2023-07-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_497 | sciencefeedback_497 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-third-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-risks-collapse-at-4c-above-pre-industrial-levels-as-accurately-described-in-cnn-article/ | "A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms" | Amy Woodyatt | 2021-04-16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-third-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-risks-collapse-at-4c-above-pre-industrial-levels-as-accurately-described-in-cnn-article/ | Ice shelves are floating sheets of ice that are connected to land masses. They gain and lose surface ice over time depending on snowfall and atmospheric and ocean temperatures. A recent study found that 34% of the Antarctic ice shelf is vulnerable to collapse under a future climate scenario that is 4°C above pre-industrial levels. | 2021-04-16 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_497_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_497 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-third-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-risks-collapse-at-4c-above-pre-industrial-levels-as-accurately-described-in-cnn-article/ | "A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms" | Amy Woodyatt | 2021-04-16 | https://phys.org/news/2021-04-antarctic-ice-shelf-area-collapse.html | Third of Antarctic ice shelf area at risk of collapse as planet warms More than a third of the Antarctic's ice shelf area could be at risk of collapsing into the sea if global temperatures reach 4°C above pre-industrial levels, new research has shown. [...] It found that 34% of the area of all Antarctic ice shelves—around half a million square kilometers—including 67% of ice shelf area on the Antarctic Peninsula, would be at risk of destabilization under 4°C of warming. Limiting temperature rise to 2°C rather than 4°C would halve the area at risk and potentially avoid significant sea level rise. | 2021-04-08 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_497_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_497 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-third-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-risks-collapse-at-4c-above-pre-industrial-levels-as-accurately-described-in-cnn-article/ | "A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms" | Amy Woodyatt | 2021-04-16 | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210408112315.htm | One-third of Antarctic ice shelf area at risk of collapse as planet warms [...] - Study shows highest warming scenario would put 34% of Antarctic's ice shelf area at risk of fracture and collapse from melting and run-off - including 67% of the Antarctic Peninsular ice shelf area. This would allow glaciers to flow freely into the sea causing sea level rise. More than a third of the Antarctic's ice shelf area could be at risk of collapsing into the sea if global temperatures reach 4°C above pre-industrial levels, new research has shown. | 2024-10-08 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_497_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_497 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-third-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-risks-collapse-at-4c-above-pre-industrial-levels-as-accurately-described-in-cnn-article/ | "A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms" | Amy Woodyatt | 2021-04-16 | https://www.antarcticglaciers.org/glaciers-and-climate/changing-antarctica/shrinking-ice-shelves/ice-shelves/ | Long-term thinning from surface and basal melting preconditions the ice shelf to collapse. Negative mass balances on tributary glaciers can lead to thinning of the glaciers and ice shelves. The highest rates of thinning are where relatively warm ocean currents can access the base of ice shelves through deep troughs[9,10]. Ice-shelf structure seems to be important, with sutures between tributary glaciers resulting in weaker areas of thinner ice, which are susceptible to rifting[11]. [...] Increased atmospheric temperatures lead to surface melting and ponding on the ice surface. Catastrophic ice-shelf collapsed tend to occur after a relatively warm summer season, with increased surface melting[12]. Based on the seasonality of ice shelf break up, and the geographic distribution of ice shelf collapse near the southerly-progressing -9°C isotherm, it appears that surface ponding is necessary for ice-shelf collapse[12]. This meltwater melts downwards into the ice shelf, causing fractures and leading to rapid ice-berg calving[5, 12]. Increased surface meltwater also leads to snow saturation, filling crevasses with water and increasing hydrostatic pressures. Brine infiltration can also cause crack over deepening. [...] With glaciers thinning, accelerating and receding in response to ice shelf collapse[20, 21], more ice is directly transported into the oceans, making a direct contribution to sea level rise. Sea level rise due to ice shelf collapse is as yet limited, but large ice shelves surrounding some of the major Antarctic glaciers could be at risk, and their collapse would result in a significant sea level rise contribution[22]. See Marine Ice Sheet Instability for more information. | 2020-06-22 | True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_497_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_497 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-third-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-risks-collapse-at-4c-above-pre-industrial-levels-as-accurately-described-in-cnn-article/ | "A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms" | Amy Woodyatt | 2021-04-16 | https://climatefeedback.org/claim-reviews/6/ | A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse at 4°C above pre-industrial levels, as accurately described in CNN article | 2017-02-09 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_50_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_50 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/bakersfield-physicians-underestimate-covid-19-mortality-using-flawed-statistics-wrongly-claim-sheltering-in-place-causes-weak-immune-system/ | You have a 0.03[%] chance of dying from [COVID-19] in the state of California. [...] it’s similar to the flu. | Daniel Erickson, Artin Massihi | 2020-04-22 | https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51674743 | Coronavirus death rate: What are the chances of dying? The UK government's scientific advisers believe that the chances of dying from a coronavirus infection are between 0.5% and 1%. This is lower than the rate of death among confirmed cases - which is 4% globally in WHO figures and 5% in the UK as of March 23 - because not all infections are confirmed by testing. | 2020-03-24 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_50_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_50 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/bakersfield-physicians-underestimate-covid-19-mortality-using-flawed-statistics-wrongly-claim-sheltering-in-place-causes-weak-immune-system/ | You have a 0.03[%] chance of dying from [COVID-19] in the state of California. [...] it’s similar to the flu. | Daniel Erickson, Artin Massihi | 2020-04-22 | https://www.aier.org/article/open-up-society-now-say-dr-dan-erickson-and-dr-artin-massihi/ | We’ve tested over 4 million… which gives us a 19.6% positive out of those who are tested for COVID-19. So if this is a typical extrapolation 328 million people times 19.6 is 64 million. That’s a significant amount of people with COVID; it’s similar to the flu. If you study the numbers in 2017 and 2018 we had 50 to 60 million with the flu. And we had a similar death rate in the deaths the United States were 43,545—similar to the flu of 2017-2018. We always have between 37,000 and 60,000 deaths in the United States, every single year. No pandemic talk. No shelter-in-place. No shutting down businesses… | 2020-04-26 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_50_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_50 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/bakersfield-physicians-underestimate-covid-19-mortality-using-flawed-statistics-wrongly-claim-sheltering-in-place-causes-weak-immune-system/ | You have a 0.03[%] chance of dying from [COVID-19] in the state of California. [...] it’s similar to the flu. | Daniel Erickson, Artin Massihi | 2020-04-22 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/coronavirus-forecasts-are-grim-its-going-to-get-worse/2020/03/11/2a177e0a-63b4-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html | His team put together a simple table that looks at various scenarios using case fatality ratios ranging from .1, similar to seasonal flu, to .5, a moderately severe pandemic, and 1.0, a severe one. The infection rate ranged from 0.1 percent of the population to 50 percent. That put the range of deaths at 327 (best case) to 1,635,000 (worst case). The deaths would not necessarily happen over a month or a year, but could occur over two or three years, he said. [...] In his Capitol Hill testimony, Fauci said that a plausible covid-19 fatality rate could be 1 percent. That, he said, is 10 times as lethal as seasonal influenza. He was clear: This is more dangerous than the flu. [...] Forecasts have been wrong in the past. Early estimates of the fatality rate for H1N1 in 2009 were much higher than the roughly 0.01 to 0.03 percent it turned out to be. With covid-19, the fatality rate is likely to be in the 0.5 to 1.5 percent range outside Wuhan, according to a report this week from Imperial College London. | 2020-03-11 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_501_ret_bn_g3 | sciencefeedback_501 | https://science.feedback.org/review/breitbart-falsely-claims-58-studies-refute-human-caused-global-warming/ | 'Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017. | James Delingpole | 2017-06-06 | https://notrickszone.com/2017/05/29/80-graphs-from-58-new-2017-papers-invalidate-claims-of-unprecedented-global-scale-modern-warming/ | Now Updated: 300 Non-Hockey Stick Graphs "[W]hen it comes to disentangling natural variability from anthropogenically affected variability the vast majority of the instrumental record may be biased." — Büntgen et al., 2017 [...] Stenni et al., 2017 "A recent effort to characterize Antarctic and sub-Antarctic climate variability during the last 200 years also concluded that most of the trends observed since satellite climate monitoring began in 1979 CE cannot yet be distinguished from natural (unforced) climate variability (Jones et al., 2016), and are of the opposite sign [cooling, not warming] to those produced by most forced climate model simulations over the same post-1979 CE interval. … (1) Temperatures over the Antarctic continent show an overall cooling trend during the period from 0 to 1900CE, which appears strongest in West Antarctica, and (2) no continent-scale warming of Antarctic temperature is evident in the last century." [...] Rydval et al., 2017 "[T]he recent summer-time warming in Scotland is likely not unique when compared to multi-decadal warm periods observed in the 1300s, 1500s, and 1730s" | 2017-05-29 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
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