id
stringlengths 10
37
| claim_id
stringlengths 10
25
| claim_source
stringlengths 1
228
| claim
stringlengths 23
374
| claimant
stringclasses 633
values | claim_date
stringclasses 753
values | evidence_source
stringlengths 19
265
| evidence
stringlengths 30
2.17k
| evidence_date
stringlengths 10
10
| factcheck_verdict
stringclasses 119
values | is_gold
bool 2
classes | relevant
bool 2
classes | evidence_stance
stringclasses 7
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciencefeedback_7_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_7 | https://science.feedback.org/review/hashimotos-disease-thyroid-disorder-treated-hormone-replacement-therapy-contrary-claim-gary-brecka/ | There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto’s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto’s disease | Gary Brecka | 2024-07-21 | https://thyroidpharmacist.com/articles/5-stages-hashimotos-thyroiditis/ | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that happens to affect the thyroid gland. This means that our immune system recognizes the thyroid gland as a foreign invader and begins to attack it, eventually leading to the destruction of our thyroid tissue. When this destruction goes on long enough, the person will lose their ability to produce thyroid hormone. [...] Hashimoto’s is the most common autoimmune condition, but the thyroid gland is not always the "weakest link" for everyone. A person may start off with a different autoimmune condition, like celiac disease, and then progress to Hashimoto’s. [...] While there is no cure for Hashimoto’s, we can put it into remission by eliminating the underlying triggers and thyroid antibodies — and in many cases, we can regenerate and heal thyroid tissues using innovative, experimental therapies. | 2024-01-19 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_7_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_7 | https://science.feedback.org/review/hashimotos-disease-thyroid-disorder-treated-hormone-replacement-therapy-contrary-claim-gary-brecka/ | There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto’s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto’s disease | Gary Brecka | 2024-07-21 | https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease | The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. In people with Hashimoto’s disease - the immune system makes antibodies that attack the thyroid gland - large numbers of white blood cells, which are part of the immune system, build up in the thyroid - the thyroid becomes damaged and can’t make enough thyroid hormones [...] Hashimoto’s disease causes your thyroid to become damaged. Most people with Hashimoto’s disease develop hypothyroidism. Rarely, early in the course of the disease, thyroid damage may lead to the release of too much thyroid hormone into your blood, causing symptoms of hyperthyroidism.3 [...] Researchers are looking at other ways in which diet and supplements—such as vitamin D and selenium—may affect Hashimoto’s disease.2 However, no specific guidance is currently available.3 | 2022-11-15 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_7_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_7 | https://science.feedback.org/review/hashimotos-disease-thyroid-disorder-treated-hormone-replacement-therapy-contrary-claim-gary-brecka/ | There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto’s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto’s disease | Gary Brecka | 2024-07-21 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35743024/ | Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease and the leading cause of hypothyroidism, in which damage to the thyroid gland occurs due to the infiltration of lymphocytes. It is characterized by increased levels of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. In this review, we present the metabolic profile, the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation and the impact of dietary management in patients with HT. For this current literature review, the databases PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Embase were reviewed from the last ten years until March 2022. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Many patients with HT, even in the euthyroid state, have excess body weight, metabolic disorders, and reduced quality of life. Due to frequent concomitant nutritional deficiencies, the role of vitamin D, iodine, selenium, magnesium, iron and vitamin B12 is currently debated. Several studies have underlined the benefits of vitamin D and selenium supplementation. There is still no specific diet recommended for patients with HT, but a protective effect of an anti-inflammatory diet rich in vitamins and minerals and low in animal foods has been suggested. There is insufficient evidence to support a gluten-free diet for all HT patients. [...] Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index and Thyroid Function in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Sep 5;60(9):1454. doi: 10.3390/medicina60091454. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024. PMID: 39336495 Free PMC article. | 2022-06-13 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_7_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_7 | https://science.feedback.org/review/hashimotos-disease-thyroid-disorder-treated-hormone-replacement-therapy-contrary-claim-gary-brecka/ | There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto’s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto’s disease | Gary Brecka | 2024-07-21 | https://science.feedback.org/review/hashimotos-disease-thyroid-disorder-treated-hormone-replacement-therapy-contrary-claim-gary-brecka/ | In a Facebook reel that generated more than 200,000 views at the time of writing, Brecka declared that the way Hashimoto’s disease is explained to patients is "nonsense" and is only "a fancy way of pushing thyroid medication". He claimed that there is "nothing wrong" with the thyroid of patients with Hashimoto’s disease and that vitamin B is a cure for the disease. [...] There’s no evidence that vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto’s disease [...] There is no evidence that vitamin B is helpful for Hashimoto’s disease. It is false to claim that levothyroxine should be avoided. Levothyroxine is the standard of care for the treatment of hypothyroidism associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and is very safe and effective. | 2024-07-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_70 | sciencefeedback_70 | https://science.feedback.org/review/1977-coming-ice-age-time-magazine-cover-is-a-fake/ | When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical | Anonymous | 2019-12-16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/1977-coming-ice-age-time-magazine-cover-is-a-fake/ | This meme utilizes a widely circulated fake image purporting to show a 1977 Time magazine story titled "How To Survive The Coming Ice Age". The cover is actually from 2007, for a story titled "The Global Warming Survival Guide". While a claim of global cooling did appear a couple times in the 1970s in popular media, that did not reflect the understanding of climate scientists at the time. | 2019-12-16 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_70_ret_b0_g0 | sciencefeedback_70 | https://science.feedback.org/review/1977-coming-ice-age-time-magazine-cover-is-a-fake/ | When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical | Anonymous | 2019-12-16 | https://www.factcheck.org/2019/05/manipulated-time-cover-on-climate-recirculates/ | The meme’s overarching claim about "experts" warning of a "global cooling in 1977" also isn’t new. We addressed a similar claim advanced by Trump last year, and by Republican Texas Sen. Ted Cruz before him. [...] Moreover, the notion of global cooling was not widely accepted among climate scientists — as global warming is today. (NASA notes that studies show that "97 percent or more" of active climate scientists believe human-caused warming is occurring.) [...] Peterson, Thomas C., et. al. "The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1 Sep 2008. | 2019-05-22 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_70_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_70 | https://science.feedback.org/review/1977-coming-ice-age-time-magazine-cover-is-a-fake/ | When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical | Anonymous | 2019-12-16 | https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/may/23/viral-image/no-time-magazine-cover-didnt-tell-readers-how-surv/ | "When the exact same group of ‘experts’ who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it’s global warming you can see why I am easily skeptical," reads the text flanking what appear to be two Time magazine covers that Nugent posted to Facebook on May 20. The first, which the post says is from 1977, shows a penguin in snow and the headline: "How To Survive The Coming Ice Age." The second, which the post says is from 2008, is an illustration that shows the men from the iconic Iwo Jima photograph lifting a Redwood tree instead of the American flag in the original image from 1945. The cover story from that issue? "How to Win The War on Global Warming." [...] Featured Fact-check "Sorry," the headline of writer Bryan Walsh’s story says, "a TIME magazine cover did not predict a coming Ice Age." He notes that the fake 1977 cover is a doctored version of a cover from 2007 with the same penguin picture but a different title: "The Global Warming Survival Guide." | 2019-05-20 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_71 | sciencefeedback_71 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-didnt-show-covid19-vaccines-weaken-children-immune-response-contrary-claim-alex-berenson/ | A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” | Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg | 2023-11-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-didnt-show-covid19-vaccines-weaken-children-immune-response-contrary-claim-alex-berenson/ | COVID-19 vaccines are effective against severe disease. The American Academy of Pediatricians recommends that children and adolescents aged six months and above receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Some research suggests that COVID-19 vaccination may temporarily change how the immune system reacts to infection from pathogens other than the virus SARS-CoV-2. However, the study didn’t show that vaccinated children have weaker immunity. | 2023-11-09 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_71_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_71 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-didnt-show-covid19-vaccines-weaken-children-immune-response-contrary-claim-alex-berenson/ | A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” | Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg | 2023-11-09 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-023-02549-7 | Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions [...] Ouldali, N. et al. Hyper inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in children: a national post-authorization pharmacovigilance study. Lancet Reg. Health Eur.17, 100393 (2022). [...] Zambrano, L. D. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccination against multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among persons aged 12–18 years — United States, July–December 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.71, 52–58 (2022). | 2023-03-06 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_71_ret_b8_gn | sciencefeedback_71 | https://science.feedback.org/review/study-didnt-show-covid19-vaccines-weaken-children-immune-response-contrary-claim-alex-berenson/ | A study showed a “weakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer’s COVID-19 shot”; “The mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children” | Alex Berenson, Jonas Vesterberg | 2023-11-09 | https://www.sciencenews.org/article/covid-coronavirus-vaccine-kids-5-11-pfizer-parents-questions | What parents need to know about Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine for kids ages 5 to 11 [...] In a clinical trial, Pfizer assessed the immune response and the safety of their mRNA vaccine in kids 5 to 11. The trial included about 2,250 children, with two-thirds getting the shot and the other third receiving a placebo. [...] Pfizer assessed kids’ immune response to the vaccine by looking at antibody levels. The company compared the response in a group of 5- to 11-year-olds one month after the second shot with antibody levels seen in a group of 16- to 25-year-olds, who were part of the earlier and much larger clinical trial that studied the vaccine’s efficacy in tens of thousands of adults (SN: 10/4/20). There was no difference in the immune responses between the different groups, even though the younger children received a smaller dose, the FDA reported in their review of Pfizer’s trial data. Since the immune response was similar between the two groups, the protection against COVID-19 offered by the vaccine for each group should also be similar. | 2021-11-02 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_723 | sciencefeedback_723 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/nbc-news-article-accurately-reports-hpv-vaccine-benefits-on-reduced-viral-transmission-eventual-cervical-cancer-elimination-kaitlin-sullivan/ | HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer | Kaitlin Sullivan | 2019-09-07 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/nbc-news-article-accurately-reports-hpv-vaccine-benefits-on-reduced-viral-transmission-eventual-cervical-cancer-elimination-kaitlin-sullivan/ | Numerous studies have shown that the HPV vaccine has helped to reduce viral transmission, which in turn protects individuals from the risk of developing cervical cancer and also protects unvaccinated individuals within the community through the herd immunity effect. Studies predict that with sufficiently high HPV vaccine coverage and regular cervical cancer screening, the disease can eventually be eliminated. | 2019-09-07 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_723_ret_bn_g11 | sciencefeedback_723 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/nbc-news-article-accurately-reports-hpv-vaccine-benefits-on-reduced-viral-transmission-eventual-cervical-cancer-elimination-kaitlin-sullivan/ | HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer | Kaitlin Sullivan | 2019-09-07 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32007141/ | Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries - PMID: 32007141 - PMCID: PMC7043009 - DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30068-4 Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries [...] Interpretation: Predictions were consistent across our three models and suggest that high HPV vaccination coverage of girls can lead to cervical cancer elimination in most LMICs by the end of the century. Screening with high uptake will expedite reductions and will be necessary to eliminate cervical cancer in countries with the highest burden. | 2020-02-22 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_723_ret_bn_g17 | sciencefeedback_723 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/nbc-news-article-accurately-reports-hpv-vaccine-benefits-on-reduced-viral-transmission-eventual-cervical-cancer-elimination-kaitlin-sullivan/ | HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer | Kaitlin Sullivan | 2019-09-07 | https://immunizationevidence.org/hpv-vaccines-new-momentum-in-eliminating-cervical-cancer/ | In August of 2020, the World Health Assembly adopted the global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. Vaccines against the human papillomavirus (HPV) can prevent the vast majority of the world’s 570,000 annual cases of cervical cancer. Increasing access to the HPV vaccine, as well as screening and treatment, for women and girls living in low- and middle-income countries is an important step for global gender equity, potentially leading to the elimination of cervical cancer within the next 100 years. HPV Vaccination is a Critical Step Towards Cervical Cancer Elimination | 2020-09-09 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_723_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_723 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/nbc-news-article-accurately-reports-hpv-vaccine-benefits-on-reduced-viral-transmission-eventual-cervical-cancer-elimination-kaitlin-sullivan/ | HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer | Kaitlin Sullivan | 2019-09-07 | https://www.nbcnews.com/health/kids-health/hpv-vaccine-benefits-exceed-expectations-may-lead-elimination-cervical-cancer-n1022206 | Indeed, the reductions in HPV infections and precancerous cells "are a first sign that vaccination could eventually lead to the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem," the study's lead author, Mélanie Drolet, an epidemiologist at Laval University in Canada, said in a statement. [...] In particular, the study found the HPV vaccine led to a reduction in the rates of abnormal pap smear findings. Pap smears are used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix that can sometimes develop into cancer. Five to nine years after a population was vaccinated against HPV, the researchers found a more than 50 percent reduction in cases of these pre-cancerous cells in girls 15 to 19. In vaccinated women 20 to 24, there were one-third fewer cases of these cells. [...] Whether or not a person has received the HPV vaccine, getting cervical cells regularly tested — through Pap tests and HPV screening — is still a crucial to reducing cases of cervical cancer and early detection, said Diane Harper, senior associate director of the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research. Rates of invasive cervical cancer dropped significantly in the U.S. when cancer screening was introduced in the 1940s, and there were less than half the number of cases in 2007 that there were in 1973, largely due to screening. | 2019-06-27 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_723_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_723 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/nbc-news-article-accurately-reports-hpv-vaccine-benefits-on-reduced-viral-transmission-eventual-cervical-cancer-elimination-kaitlin-sullivan/ | HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer | Kaitlin Sullivan | 2019-09-07 | https://pressroom.cancer.org/HPVcancerfreelaunch | The American Cancer Society (ACS) is committing to work towards eliminating cervical cancer in the United States in the next 40 years by increasing HPV vaccination rates and continued screening. To this end, ACS is launching Mission: HPV Cancer Free, a public health campaign to eliminate vaccine-preventable HPV cancers, starting with cervical cancer. The goal of the campaign is to have 80 percent of 13-year-old boys and girls in the US fully vaccinated with HPV vaccine by 2026—20 years after introduction of the first HPV vaccine. [...] "If we can achieve sustained 80% HPV vaccination in pre-teen boys and girls, combined with continued screening and treatment for cervical pre-cancers, we could see the elimination of cervical cancer in the US within 40 years," said Richard C. Wender, M.D., chief cancer control officer for the American Cancer Society. "No cancer has been eliminated yet, but we believe if these conditions are met, the elimination of cervical cancer is a very real possibility." [...] UPDATE June 7, 2018: The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers have endorsed the goal of eliminating cancers caused by HPV through gender-neutral HPV vaccination and evidence-based cancer screening. | 2018-06-06 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_725 | sciencefeedback_725 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | Tony Abbott | 2017-11-10 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | Globally, weather station data show that the world has warmed by roughly 1 °C so far–as has Australia. The warming trend over the last couple decades has matched climate model projections made during that time period. | 2017-11-10 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_725_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_725 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | Tony Abbott | 2017-11-10 | http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/acorn-sat/ | Both adjusted and unadjusted temperatures show that Australia’s climate has warmed since 1910. Since 1955 adjusted and unadjusted data are virtually identical. It is also during this time that most of the warming has occurred in Australia. [...] Australian mean temperature change over the last century is best represented by a bilinear model, with a period of relatively no change from 1910 through to 1950, followed by a period of relatively rapid warming from 1950 to present. When characterised this way, both adjusted and unadjusted data show virtually identical warming over this latter period. [...] While there is no significant trend in Australian temperatures prior to 1950 in either the ACORN-SAT or AWAP dataset, the difference in the adjusted and unadjusted climatologies for this period causes differences in the overall temperature change from 1910 to 2018. Taking a simple linear trend, Australia warmed by around 1.39 °C from 1910 to 2018 in the ACORN-SAT data, compared with a change of 0.89 °C in the AWAP data—a difference of around 0.50 °C in more than 100 years. | 2016-01-01 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_725_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_725 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | Tony Abbott | 2017-11-10 | https://science.feedback.org/review/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | Factually inaccurate: Observations clearly show that Australia has warmed by around 1 °C. [...] - Donat et al (2016) Extraordinary heat during the 1930s US Dust Bowl and associated large-scale conditions, Climate Dynamics "temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed." I don’t know what the source of these numbers is. The official data for Australia by the Bureau of Meteorology, based on high-quality observations, clearly shows that average temperatures have warmed by 0.9-1 degree since 1910. | 2017-10-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_725_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_725 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | Tony Abbott | 2017-11-10 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/amandakonet/climate_fever_adopted | This small warming is likely a result of the natural alterations in global ocean currents which are driven by ocean salinity variations. [...] Scientific consensus on climate change 93 unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed "Australia's extreme heat is sign of things to come, scientists warn". [...] Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years. | 2022-04-04 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_725_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_725 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/former-prime-minister-tony-abbott-wrongly-claims-australia-warmed-far-less-data-show/ | unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | Tony Abbott | 2017-11-10 | https://mashable.com/article/tony-abbott-climate-change-denial-speech | Former Australian prime minister and current MP Tony Abbott has said no "big change" in our climate has resulted from increasing carbon dioxide levels in the past century, and called global warming "beneficial" in the same speech. [...] Abbott careens through accusations of "adjusted" records, the "downplayed" impact of urban heat islands and "slanted" data sets. "Unadjusted data suggests ... temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed," he stated, even though Australia just had its warmest winter on record. "Contrary to the breathless assertions that climate change is behind every weather event, in Australia, the floods are not bigger, the bushfires are not worse, the droughts are not deeper or longer, and the cyclones are not more severe than they were in the 1800s," he said. "Sometimes, they do more damage but that’s because there’s more to destroy, not because their intensity has increased." | 2021-10-29 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_734 | sciencefeedback_734 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid-19-mrna-vaccines-dont-cause-long-term-spike-protein-production-in-the-body-contrary-to-claims-by-retired-professor/ | COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren’t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body | Klaus Steger | 2023-07-08 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid-19-mrna-vaccines-dont-cause-long-term-spike-protein-production-in-the-body-contrary-to-claims-by-retired-professor/ | Getting COVID-19 carries a greater risk of developing health complications compared to COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) that provides the blueprint for making spike protein. Modified mRNA isn’t intrinsically artificial. Modifications to mRNA also occur naturally in humans and are used to regulate gene expression. Scientists took their cue from nature when modifying COVID-19 vaccine mRNA to improve its stability and efficiency in protein synthesis. | 2023-07-08 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_734_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_734 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid-19-mrna-vaccines-dont-cause-long-term-spike-protein-production-in-the-body-contrary-to-claims-by-retired-professor/ | COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren’t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body | Klaus Steger | 2023-07-08 | https://www.mskcc.org/coronavirus/messenger-rna-vaccines-covid-19 | Traditional vaccines put a weakened or inactivated germ into our bodies. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, like the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, teach cells how to make a protein that triggers an immune response if someone gets infected. When the vaccine is injected into the upper arm, the mRNA enters cells near the site of the injection and tells the cells to start making the same protein that is found in the COVID-19 virus. The immune system recognizes this protein and begins producing antibodies that can fight the virus if the vaccinated person is later infected. None of the vaccines interact with or alter your DNA in any way, and therefore cannot cause cancer. MRNA is not the same as DNA and cannot be combined with DNA to change your genetic code. The mRNA is fragile and it delivers the instructions to your cells to make antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The mRNA does not enter the nucleus of the cell — the part that contains your DNA. Therefore, there is no truth to the myth that somehow the mRNA vaccine could inactivate the genes that suppress tumors. [...] RNA breaks down easily and quickly unless it is kept at low temperatures. In the body, this isn’t a problem because RNA does not need to exist long in order to carry out its function. But vaccines may need to be kept stable for days or even weeks before they are administered. This has not been nearly as much of a concern with conventional vaccines. Weakened or inactive versions of a virus can remain stable longer without requiring low temperatures. | 2024-01-01 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_734_ret_b13_gn | sciencefeedback_734 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid-19-mrna-vaccines-dont-cause-long-term-spike-protein-production-in-the-body-contrary-to-claims-by-retired-professor/ | COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren’t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body | Klaus Steger | 2023-07-08 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-022-00950-y | Different Types of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines mRNA vaccines can be categorized as non-replicating mRNA, self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) based on their genetic characteristics (Fig. 3).107 Non-replicating mRNA vaccines deliver exclusively genetic information coding for the target antigen, thus containing the 5′-cap, 5′ untranslated region (UTR), 3′ UTR, and 3′-poly(A) tail regions.108 saRNA vaccines can deliver genetic information encoding the target antigen and other genes, e.g., viral RNA polymerase, to enable mRNA to self-replicate.109,110 Based on saRNA technology, safe trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA) vaccines have been optimized and developed.111 In addition, circRNA has recently been developed for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines due to its natural high stability.112 Most COVID-19 mRNA vaccines currently in clinical trials or those already on the market are non-replicating mRNA vaccines. The advantages of non-replicating mRNA vaccines include the use of an RNA molecule of simple structure and shorter length. An optimized or modified mRNA can have greatly enhanced biological activity. Lastly, saRNA vaccines are currently in preclinical and clinical trials. [...] Walsh, E. E. et al. RNA-based COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 selected for a pivotal efficacy study. Medrxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 (2020). [...] Mulligan, M. J. et al. Phase I/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults. Nature586, 589–593 (2020). | 2022-03-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_734_ret_b4_gn | sciencefeedback_734 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid-19-mrna-vaccines-dont-cause-long-term-spike-protein-production-in-the-body-contrary-to-claims-by-retired-professor/ | COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren’t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body | Klaus Steger | 2023-07-08 | https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-022-00159-1 | Covid-19 RNA vaccine, illustration. The vaccine consists of strands of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) encased in a lipid nanoparticle sphere (red) surrounded by a polyethylene glycol coat (violet). The mRNA codes for a mutated version of the viral spike protein found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes Covid-19. When injected into the body the mRNA is taken up by the body's cells, which manufacture copies of the protein. The proteins stimulate an immune response, causing the body to produce antibodies against the spike protein. This means that the body is primed to attack the virus should it be encountered after vaccination, preventing disease. The first RNA vaccine approved for human use, developed against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, was approved in the UK on 2nd December 2020.Credit: Juan Gaertner/Science Photo Library/ Getty Images The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines that helped control the COVID-19 pandemic didn’t come out of nowhere. For decades after mRNA was first isolated in the 1960s, scientists worked to understand how it might help fight disease — using the body’s instruction manual to replace defective proteins or produce new, helpful ones. [...] Using mRNA, or any nucleic acid, as a drug requires overcoming several hurdles. First, it is easily degraded in the body. If RNA is simply injected into a person, it is quickly broken down before it can get into cells to create proteins. It needs some kind of delivery system. | 2024-01-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_735 | sciencefeedback_735 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/president-trumps-claim-growing-ice-not-reflect-reality/ | The ice caps were going to melt. They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records | Donald Trump | 2018-01-28 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/president-trumps-claim-growing-ice-not-reflect-reality/ | Human-induced warming at the poles has caused a reduction in sea ice extent, notably in the Arctic, and a continuous shrinking of glaciers on land. President Trump has probably been misled by inaccurate articles like this one published by Forbes. | 2018-01-28 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_735_ret_bn_g18 | sciencefeedback_735 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/president-trumps-claim-growing-ice-not-reflect-reality/ | The ice caps were going to melt. They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records | Donald Trump | 2018-01-28 | https://blogs.cdc.gov/safehealthcare/my-story-when-the-signs-of-sepsis-are-missed/ | All of this happened on Dec. 6th 2019. | 2016-09-30 | False | false | false | not_applicable |
sciencefeedback_735_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_735 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/president-trumps-claim-growing-ice-not-reflect-reality/ | The ice caps were going to melt. They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records | Donald Trump | 2018-01-28 | https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/climate-science-misrepresented-president-trump-4 | President Trump also made incorrect statements regarding sea ice cover. While scientists have indicated that the Arctic and Antarctica saw record lows for sea ice in 2017, President Trump suggested that sea ice cover is expanding, stating: "The ice caps were going to melt, they were going to be gone by now, but now they’re setting records, so OK, they’re at a record level." | 2024-01-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_738 | sciencefeedback_738 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/acidity-in-drinking-water-not-a-cause-for-health-concern-contrary-to-popular-facebook-video/ | Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health | Internet user | 2017-04-19 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/acidity-in-drinking-water-not-a-cause-for-health-concern-contrary-to-popular-facebook-video/ | Because maintaining a narrow pH range is crucial for the chemical processes that keep us alive, the human body already has several mechanisms for regulating pH, such that the pH of food and drink does not significantly change blood pH. There is generally no health concern associated with drinking slightly acidic bottled water. | 2017-04-19 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_738_ret_b11_gn | sciencefeedback_738 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/acidity-in-drinking-water-not-a-cause-for-health-concern-contrary-to-popular-facebook-video/ | Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health | Internet user | 2017-04-19 | https://www.safewater.org/fact-sheets-1/2017/1/23/tds-and-ph | Acidic water is synergistic, which means that a combination of a low pH and an increased concentration of certain substances is far more harmful than the sum of the parts. For example, aluminium, lead and mercury are potentially dangerous substances, but when the pH of the water source is already low, these substances can have extremely detrimental consequences for aquatic life. Acidic water can also cause problems for human consumption. While slightly acidic water is not dangerous, on its own, it can be quite dangerous when combined with other compounds. Water with a pH that is less than 6.5 can leach metal ions, including iron, manganese, copper, lead and zinc from plumbing fixtures and pipes. This, in return, can be quite dangerous. On the other end of the pH scale, water that has a pH greater than 8.0 can be difficult to disinfect. The World Health Organization recommends that the pH of the water be less than 8.0, because basic water does not allow for effective chlorination. [...] Like TDS, pH is given an aesthetic objective in Canada. The Canadian Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality suggest that the pH of drinking water should be between 7.0 and 10.5. The Saskatchewan Drinking Water Standards and Objectives recommend that the pH of drinking water be between 6.5 and 9.0. | 2017-01-23 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_738_ret_b8_gn | sciencefeedback_738 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/acidity-in-drinking-water-not-a-cause-for-health-concern-contrary-to-popular-facebook-video/ | Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health | Internet user | 2017-04-19 | https://jdh.adha.org/content/89/suppl_2/6 | Results: The pH values for the tested beverages and bottled waters were found to be predominantly acidic. Ten out of the 14 beverages tested were acidic (pH<7), 2 municipal (or "tap") waters were neutral (pH=7) and 2 bottled waters were alkaline (pH>7). The majority of waters tested had a more acidic pH when tested in the lab than the value listed in their water quality reports. [...] Table I and Figure 1 show that most of the waters tested had an acidic pH. Compared with the most acidic non-water beverage (Coke®), which tested at a pH of 2.24, Ozarka Natural Spring Water® was the most acidic water, with a pH of 5.16. The following waters had a pH just below neutral (or pH=7): Nestlé PureLife® (6.24), Evian Natural Spring Water® (6.89), Fiji Water® (6.90) and Smartwater® (6.91). Both municipal (or public) water supplies (Houston and Pasadena) had a neutral pH, with Houston's being 7.29 and Pasadena's 7.58. The 2 commercially available alkaline bottled waters evaluated were Evamor® and Essentia®, either of which can be purchased online or in specialty grocery stores and guarantee an alkaline pH. Each of these, as evidenced in Table I, was found to have a pH above 7, with Evamor® testing at 8.78 and Essentia® at 10.38. Table II illustrates the type of filtration process by which each brand of bottled water is purified, along with the reported TDS. | 2015-06-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_738_ret_bn_g18 | sciencefeedback_738 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/acidity-in-drinking-water-not-a-cause-for-health-concern-contrary-to-popular-facebook-video/ | Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health | Internet user | 2017-04-19 | https://www.smilemountainview.com/cavities-tied-to-bottled-water-ph-levels/ | These brands of bottled water all have an acidic pH, meaning that they each pose a significant risk in terms of contributing to cavities. Of course, this is assuming that an individual is consuming the recommended equivalent of eight 8–ounce glasses of water each day. [...] Final Thoughts on Bottled Water pH Levels Even though drinking plenty of water is good for your overall health, you should avoid bottled water that contains a high or low pH. Fortunately, this is not too hard to do as most manufacturers will print their bottled water pH levels right on the packaging. However, if you have already developed a cavity, you’re encouraged to schedule an appointment with Mountain View Dental, one of Utah’s leading general and cosmetic dentistry practices. | 2024-02-27 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_738_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_738 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/acidity-in-drinking-water-not-a-cause-for-health-concern-contrary-to-popular-facebook-video/ | Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health | Internet user | 2017-04-19 | https://holycitydentistry.com/the-5-best-and-worst-drinks-for-your-teeth/ | - Sports drinks: Sports drink companies use fit, muscular athletes to advertise their products, but what they don’t advertise is the amount of sugar they contain. A 32-ounce bottle often has 56 to 76 grams of sugar, which equals 14 to 19 teaspoons, and the pH level of a typical sports drink is around 2.9. - Bottled water: The brand of bottled water you buy makes a surprisingly big difference when it comes to acidity. Common brands like Dasani and Aquafina are actually acidic enough to be harmful to your teeth. Look for bottled water with a pH level between 7 and 9. Some of the best brands include Essentia, Evian, and Fiji. [...] - Water: Water is truly the only beverage your body needs to survive, so the more water you drink, the better. Filtered tap water and bottled water with a healthy pH level will pose no problems for your teeth. Plus, staying hydrated allows you to produce healthy amounts of saliva. Tap water containing fluoride, which is fairly common today, has the added benefit of strengthening the enamel of your teeth. | 2021-01-27 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_739 | sciencefeedback_739 | https://science.feedback.org/review/new-highly-virulent-hiv-variant-named-vb-identified-in-the-netherlands-daily-mail/ | Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly | Emily Craig | 2022-09-02 | https://science.feedback.org/review/new-highly-virulent-hiv-variant-named-vb-identified-in-the-netherlands-daily-mail/ | Researchers identified a new variant of HIV, named VB variant, which is characterized by a large number of mutations. Infections with this variant were associated with a higher viral load and a faster decline of the level of white blood cells. This means that patients infected by this variant could develop AIDS faster. Encouragingly, current HIV treatments appear to remain effective against this variant. | 2022-09-02 | True | true | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_739_ret_b13_gn | sciencefeedback_739 | https://science.feedback.org/review/new-highly-virulent-hiv-variant-named-vb-identified-in-the-netherlands-daily-mail/ | Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly | Emily Craig | 2022-09-02 | https://www.healtheuropa.com/vb-variant-of-hiv-found-to-be-highly-virulent-and-dangerous/113312/ | A team of UK researchers has discovered that the VB variant of HIV may be more virulent and damaging than other strains of the disease. [...] By examining the genetic mutation patterns in the samples, the team estimated that the VB variant first appeared in the late 1980s and 1990s in the Netherlands, spreading more rapidly than other HIV variants during the 2000s before declining since around 2010. Despite there being widespread treatment in the country for HIV, the strain still spread across the nation quickly. [...] Analysis from the University of Oxford team identified that people infected with the VB variant had notable differences before antiretroviral treatment than people infected with other strains. VB variant patients had a viral load between 3.5 and 5.5 times higher, CD4 cell decline (damage to the immune system caused by HIV) was also twice as fast, increasing the risk of developing AIDS earlier. Finally, individuals with the VB variant showed an increased risk of transmitting the virus to others. | 2022-02-04 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_739_ret_b15_gn | sciencefeedback_739 | https://science.feedback.org/review/new-highly-virulent-hiv-variant-named-vb-identified-in-the-netherlands-daily-mail/ | Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly | Emily Craig | 2022-09-02 | https://www.health.com/condition/hiv/new-hiv-variant-discovered | Researchers also found that the VB variant impacted the rate of CD4 cell decline in infected individuals—this cell decline is the "hallmark" of damage to the immune system caused by HIV, the press release says. CD4 cells, also known as T-cells, are infection-fighting white blood cells, according to the US National Library of Medicine. HIV attacks and destroys these CD4 cells—and when too many of the cells are lost, the body has trouble fighting off infections. Very low CD4 counts are indicative of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The study showed that the VB variant caused infected people's CD4 counts to drop twice as fast as other HIV strains, meaning they were at risk of developing AIDS more quickly. Without treatment, researchers estimated a person with the VB variant would develop AIDS two to three years after diagnosis, compared to six to seven years for people with a different HIV strain. Despite the VB variant's increased severity and transmissibility, researchers found that the variant responded to current HIV treatments (like antiretroviral drugs) as well as other strains do. Survival rates after starting treatment were also similar among those with the VB variant and other variants. How (And Why) Do Variants Emerge? | 2022-02-16 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_739_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_739 | https://science.feedback.org/review/new-highly-virulent-hiv-variant-named-vb-identified-in-the-netherlands-daily-mail/ | Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly | Emily Craig | 2022-09-02 | https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220204-new-highly-virulent-hiv-strain-discovered-in-the-netherlands | Their analysis, published Thursday in the journal "Science," showed that patients infected with what they call the "VB variant" had 3.5 to 5.5 times higher levels of the virus in their blood than those infected with other variants, as well as a more rapidly fading immune system. [...] In patients infected with the VB variant, CD4 decline occurred twice as fast compared to other variants, "placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly," the researchers said. [...] 'Critical' to diagnose and treat early "Because the VB variant causes a more rapid decline in immune system strength, this makes it critical that individuals are diagnosed early and start treatment as soon as possible," the press statement noted. | 2022-02-04 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_739_ret_b7_gn | sciencefeedback_739 | https://science.feedback.org/review/new-highly-virulent-hiv-variant-named-vb-identified-in-the-netherlands-daily-mail/ | Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly | Emily Craig | 2022-09-02 | https://www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/news/how-a-new-highly-virulent-hiv-strain-was-discovered-in-the-netherlands-358154 | The variant, known as the "VB variant", causes CD4 cell decline to occur twice as fast in infected individuals compared with other viral variants. This is a clinical hallmark, or "signature" of the extent of damage caused by the HIV virus. In addition, those infected with the VB variant also demonstrated an increased risk of transmitting the virus to others, the data suggests. [...] This collection of mutations defines a particular type of virus, what we later came to call the VB variant (because it is virulent and part of the subtype B group of viruses). Technically, we performed a "principal components analysis": we found one direction in the space of all possible mutations that was correlated with viral load. Fifteen of the 17 individuals we found were from the Netherlands. To make sure this finding was not just a statistical fluke, we worked with colleagues at Stichting HIV Monitoring to obtain much more data from the Netherlands. We found another 92 individuals with the variant. Again, they had a substantially higher viral load than individuals with other HIV viruses, and we also found that their CD4 cells declined twice as fast. HIV attacks CD4 cells, gradually impairing an individual’s immune system, and the rate of this decline measures how much damage the virus is causing. [...] The VB variant of HIV provides a concrete example for the study of virulence evolution for viruses generally, which has been widely studied through theoretical means with few real-world examples to consider. | 2022-02-03 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_76 | sciencefeedback_76 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines | Instagram Users | 2024-02-28 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | Some childhood vaccines contain aluminum salts to boost the effectiveness of vaccination. Aluminum is rapidly excreted from the body through the kidneys. The amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines is lower than that consumed in their diets, and is below the safe limits for aluminum. | 2024-02-28 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_76_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_76 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines | Instagram Users | 2024-02-28 | https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-safety/vaccine-ingredients/aluminum | The aluminum contained in vaccines is similar to that found in a liter (about 1 quart or 32 fluid ounces) of infant formula. While infants receive about 4.4 milligrams* of aluminum in the first six months of life from vaccines, they receive more than that in their diet. Breast-fed infants ingest about 7 milligrams, formula-fed infants ingest about 38 milligrams, and infants who are fed soy formula ingest almost 117 milligrams of aluminum during the first six months of life. [...] Given the quantities of aluminum we are exposed to on a daily basis, the quantity of aluminum in vaccines is miniscule. Aluminum-containing vaccines have been used for decades and have been given to more than 1 billion people without problem. In spring 2000, the National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) reviewed aluminum exposure through vaccines and determined that no changes to vaccine recommendations were needed based on aluminum content. The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, part of the World Health Organization (WHO), has also reviewed studies and found no evidence of health risks that would require changes to vaccine policy. [...] Although aluminum at high doses can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, the quantity of aluminum in vaccines is too small to cause a direct toxic effect. Indeed, the quantity of aluminum in biological specimens from those receiving aluminum-containing vaccines is indistinguishable from unvaccinated subjects. The concern that aluminum in vaccines might be associated with a rare autoimmune disease called macrophagic myofasciitis has been refuted by previous studies. | 2022-12-15 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_76_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_76 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines | Instagram Users | 2024-02-28 | https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2003-05-21/html/CREC-2003-05-21-pt1-PgE1011-3.htm | exceeded this threshold many times over. Federal health officials have not conceded that this amount of thimerosal in vaccines exceeded the FDA's more relaxed threshold of 0.4 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. In most cases, however, it clearly did. [...] For a 22-pound baby (ten kilograms), the threshold would be 1 microgram. The DTP (and DTaP) vaccine contained 25 micrograms of thimerosal per dose, as does the Hepatitis B vaccine. [...] The EPA's threshold is 0.1 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. For an eleven-pound baby, the EPA's safe threshold would be 0.5 micrograms. Although thimerosal has been removed from these vaccines today in the United States, in the 1990's, Aventis Pasteur's DTaP vaccine contained 25 micrograms of thimerosal. GlaxoSmithKline's Hepatitis B vaccine contained 12.5 micrograms of thimerosal. Wyeth | 2003-05-21 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_76_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_76 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines | Instagram Users | 2024-02-28 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | The level of aluminum in childhood vaccines is safe, even for babies [...] Factually inaccurate: Contrary to what the claim suggested, the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines is below the safe limit for injectable biological products specified in the Code of Federal Regulations. An analysis of the pharmacokinetics of aluminum showed that the amount of aluminum from vaccines that enters the blood of babies isn’t dangerous. [...] According to the post, most vaccines contain "225 micrograms to 850 micrograms" of aluminum, while "per FDA guidelines, the max amount of aluminum anyone can safely handle is 4 micrograms per kilo". This means a child would need to weigh at least 56 kilograms to be able to safely receive a shot with 225 micrograms of aluminum (225 micrograms divided by four), and an unrealistic 212 kilograms to safely receive a shot with 850 micrograms of aluminum. | 2024-02-28 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_76_ret_bn_g5 | sciencefeedback_76 | https://science.feedback.org/review/level-aluminum-childhood-vaccines-safe-even-for-babies/ | Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines | Instagram Users | 2024-02-28 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/02/20/fda-safe-aluminum-limit-vaccines/72666959007/ | Claim understates federal limit for safe level of aluminum in vaccines | Fact check [...] "Someone asked ‘What are your reasons why you don't vaccinate?’ One lady responded with: 'My kids don't weigh enough yet!'" the post reads. "'Per FDA guidelines, the max amount of aluminum anyone can safely handle is 4 micrograms per kilo. Most shots are 225 mcg to 850 mcg. So my kids would need to weigh a minimum of around 123 pounds to safely vaccinate per FDA guidelines. And need to wait to hit 467 pounds to safely receive the pediarix vaccine. I don't make the rules, just follow them!'" [...] Federal regulations set the limit of aluminum in vaccines at 1.25 milligrams per dose. Additionally, the amount can be no more than what data shows is needed to cause the desired immune response without health impacts. Aluminum salts are used in vaccines to stimulate a stronger immune response to a vaccine, and USA TODAY has previously reported on a large body of research supporting the safety of the way they are used. | 2024-02-20 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_77 | sciencefeedback_77 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well. | Facebook users | 2020-03-26 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | People may become infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, when they touch contaminated surfaces and transfer the virus to their eyes, nose, or mouth. However, it is not known how often this is likely to occur and there is no evidence that it is spreading quickly in this manner. Therefore, proper handwashing and cleaning surfaces with soap or other common disinfectants are effective ways to reduce the risk of contracting the virus from surfaces. | 2020-03-26 | Half True | true | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_77_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_77 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well. | Facebook users | 2020-03-26 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | FULL CLAIM: [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. In response to the spread of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, many social media posts bear warnings about the virus from unnamed friends and family members working in health fields. One such claim on Facebook, shared more than 16 million times since it was first posted 16 March 2020, states that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, "is spreading quickly from gas pumps [and] shopping carts as well." The claim is partially correct, in that early studies show that SARS-CoV-2 could potentially be spread through contact with contaminated objects[1]. However, there is not yet any direct evidence that this has occurred and the number of people who might contract the virus this way is unknown. [...] The claim that SARS CoV-2 "is spreading quickly from gas pumps [and] shopping carts as well" is of "Neutral" credibility. One of the characteristics that makes SARS CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, so problematic is its environmental stability, especially on stainless steel and plastics[4]. That means that the virus can potentially be transmitted between people by means of contaminated objects (fomites). The more people touch a particular object the higher the chance that one of those people carried viable SARS CoV-2 on their hands, thus creating a fomite. Clearly, both gas pump handles and grocery carts are frequently touched by many different people, making both suitable fomites that could aid the spread of COVID-19. The following things need to be considered, though: | 2020-03-31 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_77_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_77 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well. | Facebook users | 2020-03-26 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | In response to the spread of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, many social media posts bear warnings about the virus from unnamed friends and family members working in health fields. One such claim on Facebook, shared more than 16 million times since it was first posted 16 March 2020, states that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, "is spreading quickly from gas pumps [and] shopping carts as well." The claim is partially correct, in that early studies show that SARS-CoV-2 could potentially be spread through contact with contaminated objects[1]. However, there is not yet any direct evidence that this has occurred and the number of people who might contract the virus this way is unknown. [...] The claim that SARS CoV-2 "is spreading quickly from gas pumps [and] shopping carts as well" is of "Neutral" credibility. One of the characteristics that makes SARS CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, so problematic is its environmental stability, especially on stainless steel and plastics[4]. That means that the virus can potentially be transmitted between people by means of contaminated objects (fomites). The more people touch a particular object the higher the chance that one of those people carried viable SARS CoV-2 on their hands, thus creating a fomite. Clearly, both gas pump handles and grocery carts are frequently touched by many different people, making both suitable fomites that could aid the spread of COVID-19. The following things need to be considered, though: | 2020-03-26 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_77_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_77 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well. | Facebook users | 2020-03-26 | https://www.dupagehealth.org/653/StaySafeDuPage3W | Keep a safe space of at least 6 feet (about 2 arms' length) between yourself and other people who are not from your household in both indoor and outdoor spaces. [...] Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing. When to Wash Your Hands - After you have been in a public place and touched an item or frequently touched surface, such as door handles, tables, gas pumps, shopping carts, or electronic registers/screens, etc. | 2019-01-01 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_77_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_77 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-virus-that-causes-covid-19-can-survive-on-solid-surfaces-for-days-but-infection-risk-from-contaminated-objects-is-unknown/ | [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well. | Facebook users | 2020-03-26 | https://blogs.cdc.gov/safehealthcare/my-story-when-the-signs-of-sepsis-are-missed/ | But we need to keep fighting , keep praying , keep hoping and pushing our doctors for answers . Hang in there, have faith. Call the person you love most right now and tell them everything . [...] Our family is heartbroken and in shock [...] DO NOT ignore the warning signs!!! It may be the difference in life or death!!! | 2016-09-30 | Half True | false | false | not_applicable |
sciencefeedback_78 | sciencefeedback_78 | https://science.feedback.org/review/tongue-deviation-might-help-to-detect-a-stroke-when-combined-with-other-signs-from-be-fast-acronym/ | If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke. | Internet user | 2013-03-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/tongue-deviation-might-help-to-detect-a-stroke-when-combined-with-other-signs-from-be-fast-acronym/ | Tongue deviation can be useful for detecting stroke, but needs to be considered together with other more common signs of a stroke, according to the BE-FAST acronym (balance, eyes, face, arms, speech). | 2013-03-04 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_78_ret_b0_g1 | sciencefeedback_78 | https://science.feedback.org/review/tongue-deviation-might-help-to-detect-a-stroke-when-combined-with-other-signs-from-be-fast-acronym/ | If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke. | Internet user | 2013-03-04 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/three-simple-tests-detect-stroke/ | Another 'sign' of a stroke is this: Ask the person to 'stick' out their tongue. if the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other, that is also an indication of a stroke. While that is also likely true, as a test it is far less valuable than the original three because there is room for interpretation of the results. How crooked is crooked, after all? How far to one side does the tongue have to go before its having done so can be regarded as a clear sign of a stroke having occurred? Better to discard this fourth suggested 'test' in favor of remembering the first three. [...] In 1979, I was teaching in Fung-Gaap College in Tai-Chung. One afternoon I was teaching class when another teacher came running to my classroom and said in panting, "Mr. Liu, come quick, our supervisor has had a stroke!" I immediately went to the 3rd floor. When I saw our supervisor, Mr. Chen Fu-Tien, his color was off, his speech was slurred, and his mouth was crooked — all the symptoms of a stroke. | 2004-03-24 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_78_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_78 | https://science.feedback.org/review/tongue-deviation-might-help-to-detect-a-stroke-when-combined-with-other-signs-from-be-fast-acronym/ | If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke. | Internet user | 2013-03-04 | https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/1726235/stroke-symptoms-tongue-deviation | Early stroke signs may include ‘tongue deviation’ - may cause ‘complications when eating’ [...] Although tongue deviation is a less commonly seen sign, it has been recognised in stroke patients. [...] In other words, a crooked tongue which slants to one side or the other could be indicative of nerve damage due to stroke. | 2023-01-25 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_78_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_78 | https://science.feedback.org/review/tongue-deviation-might-help-to-detect-a-stroke-when-combined-with-other-signs-from-be-fast-acronym/ | If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke. | Internet user | 2013-03-04 | https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-tongue-an-indicator-of-stroke | Share this Story : The tongue: an indicator of stroke? [...] Article content "Ask the person to stick out his tongue…if it is crooked, if it goes to one side or another, that is also an indicator of a stroke," the circulating email states. It also mentions that bystanders can recognize a stroke by asking three questions of someone suspected of having a stroke. [...] The "stick out the tongue" manoeuvre is, in my view, not a useful assessment for the lay public. In major strokes, the tongue may be deviated but usually this is in patients with obvious major strokes with a hemiplegia and facial weakness. Isolated tongue deviation is a very uncommon stroke presentation and is often difficult for the lay public to assess and interpret. I would not want a bunch of patients arriving by ambulance because their tongue was deviated. | 2010-01-19 | True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_8 | sciencefeedback_8 | https://science.feedback.org/review/edible-food-coating-apeel-doesnt-contain-toxic-ingredients-recognized-safe-for-foods/ | Apeel contains harmful ingredients | Alison Steinberg, Social media users | 2024-06-26 | https://science.feedback.org/review/edible-food-coating-apeel-doesnt-contain-toxic-ingredients-recognized-safe-for-foods/ | Apeel is an edible coating for fruits and vegetables that protects them from water loss and oxidation, keeping them fresh for longer. The coating is made from monoglycerides and diglycerides, which are recognized as generally safe for use in foods. | 2024-06-26 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_8_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_8 | https://science.feedback.org/review/edible-food-coating-apeel-doesnt-contain-toxic-ingredients-recognized-safe-for-foods/ | Apeel contains harmful ingredients | Alison Steinberg, Social media users | 2024-06-26 | https://science.feedback.org/review/edible-food-coating-apeel-doesnt-contain-toxic-ingredients-recognized-safe-for-foods/ | These posts rehash viral claims from April 2023 that questioned the safety of Apeel, alleging that the product contained heavy metals and other harmful chemicals. At the time, multiple fact-checking organizations found these claims to be false. [...] Several posts (examples here and here) claimed that Apeel contains 99.34% of "secret" or "other" undisclosed ingredients. This exact figure appears in a 2019 registration of another product from Apeel Sciences named Organipeel with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Organipeel is a version of the Apeel coating intended to be used as a pesticide for organic food. [...] Viral posts claiming that Apeel, an edible plant-based coating that protects fruits and vegetables from spoiling, is unsafe to consume are inaccurate and misleading. Apeel doesn’t contain toxic ingredients. The product is made from glycerides extracted from grapeseed that are naturally present in certain foods and are recognized as a safe food additive in the U.S. and Europe. | 2024-07-25 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_8_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_8 | https://science.feedback.org/review/edible-food-coating-apeel-doesnt-contain-toxic-ingredients-recognized-safe-for-foods/ | Apeel contains harmful ingredients | Alison Steinberg, Social media users | 2024-06-26 | https://muneezaahmed.com/toxic-foods-alert-apeel-coating-technology/ | As is so often the case with "proprietary" industrial products like toxic perfumes (read more in my blog on microscopic toxins in perfumes), natural flavors (read more in my blog, Hidden Sources of MSG), and other food additives, the actual ingredients in Apeel are far from clear unless you do your own research. [...] The assurance Apeel gives us is typical corporate jargon: "Apeel products do not contain hazardous ingredients that will cause harm to people or the environment within the context of their intended use." [...] According to an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) document, Apeel’s product is also .66% citric acid. Link here. So for anyone avoiding this widely-used but toxic food additive, Apeel is a no-go. | 2023-08-02 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_8_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_8 | https://science.feedback.org/review/edible-food-coating-apeel-doesnt-contain-toxic-ingredients-recognized-safe-for-foods/ | Apeel contains harmful ingredients | Alison Steinberg, Social media users | 2024-06-26 | https://www.nutritionwithjudy.com/meet-apeel | - Carcinogenic and toxic compounds from manufacturing process: In Apeel’s GRAS submission, the company discloses some of its industrial manufacturing process for its edible coating products. In order to manufacture the mono- and diglycerides which are the main ingredients of all Apeel products, there is toxic residue from ethyl acetate, heptane, palladium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury which are used in the extraction process of grapeseed leaves. These toxic compounds and solvents have been linked to a host of various health conditions. [...] Now that we’ve evaluated all the dangers and risks of consuming Edipeel, let’s take a closer look at the organic produce solution Organipeel. Organipeel is Apeel’s OMRI-listed product for organic produce. In 2023, the company finally disclosed the ingredients of this product. This product utilizes citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (e.g., baking soda) along with the same mono- and diglycerides used in Edipeel. The mono- and diglycerides in this formula are said to distribute the citric acid onto the surface of the produce. [...] Other Organipeel Concerns - Safety Concerns: Apeel Organipeel is registered as a pesticide with the EPA. Not only does the registration documentation fail to list the full ingredients of this product, but the EPA is also requiring a caution on the label that states: "Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet." Yet this protective coating is supposedly designed to be eaten and is marketed as safe. | 2024-06-28 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_80 | sciencefeedback_80 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing. | Anonymous | 2020-05-05 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | There is no scientific evidence that the global polar bear population is growing in size. Climate change induced losses in sea ice habitat is the most important threat to polar bear survival. Two polar bear subpopulations have already been negatively impacted by sea ice loss. | 2020-05-05 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_80_ret_b18_gn | sciencefeedback_80 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing. | Anonymous | 2020-05-05 | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/polar-bears-algae-sea-ice-warming | We’ve long known that sea ice is an important platform for polar bears to hunt and raise young, but it turns out that the ice itself also carries a valuable energy source. [...] If you’re now picturing massive jaws chowing down on a crunchy icy meal covered in green slime, no, that’s not it. Polar bears do not eat sea ice directly. Instead, researchers found that the majority of polar bears’ diet is made up of critters that ultimately depend on sea-ice algae as a food source. Their study examined polar bears from Baffin Bay, western Hudson Bay, and southern Hudson Bay. [...] Sea ice is already known as important habitat for polar bears. "But what if we’re not seeing the whole picture, and what if sea ice is more important than we’re giving it credit for?" says Brown. "Less sea ice means less habitat, not only for polar bears but, importantly, also for the sea ice microorganisms that form a big part of the very base of the bear’s food chain," he says. | 2019-01-04 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_80_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_80 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing. | Anonymous | 2020-05-05 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | Incorrect: The claim that "Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing" runs counter to scientists’ understanding: sea ice loss due to climate change is recognized as the most important threat to the long-term survival of polar bears. [...] Overall, the claims that the polar bear population is growing and that polar bears are thriving in areas where sea ice diminishing are not supported by scientific evidence. [...] For the claim that "Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing"—again, this is spin. In Western Hudson Bay, Southern Hudson Bay, and Southern Beaufort Sea, population declines are associated with sea ice loss (lower survival, lower successful reproduction that lead to abundance declines). Some polar bear populations are doing OK and are experiencing some sea ice loss. We know, however, that that pattern cannot be sustained. The Barents Sea polar bears appear to be doing OK yet they are losing sea ice at high rates. Why are they doing OK and others are not? That area has a very large area of continental shelf/shallow water. Polar bear habitat is widespread. It is experiencing the highest rate of sea ice loss in days of cover per decade of the 19 polar bear populations. We’ve just not hit the point where their habitat is affected enough to cause problems. It will happen. Regardless, this area has seen many changes (e.g. loss of maternity den areas, loss of habitat). I worked in the Barents Sea for 7 years—this population will lose with the current trend in sea ice. | 2020-05-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_80_ret_bn_g11 | sciencefeedback_80 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing. | Anonymous | 2020-05-05 | https://climatefeedback.org/evaluation/financial-post-publishes-misleading-opinion-misrepresents-science-polar-bears-peril-susan-crockford/ | This article in the opinion section of Financial Post, written by Susan Crockford, claims that rather than being threatened by declining Arctic sea ice, polar bears are "thriving". [...] Castro de la Guarida1 states, "Sea ice across the Arctic is declining and altering physical characteristics of marine ecosystems. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have been identified as vulnerable to changes in sea ice conditions. We use sea ice projections for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 2006 – 2100 to gain insight into the conservation challenges for polar bears with respect to habitat loss using metrics developed from polar bear energetics modeling. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Shifts away from multiyear ice to annual ice cover throughout the region, as well as lengthening ice-free periods, may become critical for polar bears before the end of the 21st century with projected warming. Each polar bear population in the Archipelago may undergo 2-5 months of ice-free conditions, where no such conditions exist presently. We identify spatially and temporally explicit ice-free periods that extend beyond what polar bears require for nutritional and reproductive demands. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Under business-as-usual climate projections, polar bears may face starvation and reproductive failure across the entire Archipelago by the year 2100." | 2019-06-28 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_80_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_80 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-global-polar-bear-population-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-contrary-to-pragerus-video-claim/ | The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing. | Anonymous | 2020-05-05 | https://polarbearscience.com/2020/05/18/climatefeedback-review-of-prageru-video-challenges-good-news-on-polar-bears/ | The polar bear data are contradictory: contrary to predictions, several polar bear subpopulations (at least four of them) are indeed thriving despite much reduced summer sea ice. I have chosen to emphasis that good news, while Stirling and Derocher choose to emphasize the data that seem to fit their predictions. This is a classic conflict that happens all the time in science but presents no proof that I’m wrong or that the PragerU video is inherently ‘false’. [...] In short, it is indeed true that ‘Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing.’ See also my 2018 opinion piece on the National Geographic ‘starving’ polar bear video in the Financial Post here. Climate Feedback reviewed that piece with statements by Steven Amstrup and Andrew Derocher, which I countered here, here, and here. [...] In addition to the thriving condition of Barents Sea bears discussed above (Aars 2018; Aars et al. 2017; Lippold et al. 2019), Chukchi Sea polar bears are also doing much better than they were in the 1980s despite much reduced summer sea ice. These results are documented in a number of peer-reviewed papers on the topic (ACSWG 2018; Regehr et al. 2018; Rode and Regehr 2010; Rode et al. 2013, 2014, 2018). Ringed and bearded seals are similarly thriving despite less summer ice (Crawford et al. 2015). | 2020-05-18 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_82_ret_b10_gn | sciencefeedback_82 | https://science.feedback.org/review/caleb-rossiter-falsely-claims-that-climate-models-are-running-very-hot/ | The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since [1988]. | Caleb Rossiter | 2019-11-03 | https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/12/04/early-climate-modelers-got-global-warming-right-new-report-finds/ | "The real message is that the warming we have experienced is pretty much exactly what climate models predicted it would be as much as 30 years ago," he said. "This really gives us more confidence that today’s models are getting things largely right as well." [...] Hausfather and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies evaluated the models based on how well they predicted the actual global mean temperature — Earth’s average temperature — based on the levels of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels, are responsible for a rise of nearly 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit in global mean temperatures since 1880, two-thirds of that since 1975. [...] One of the iconic climate models, and one that first brought the issue of climate change to broad public attention, was published by James Hansen of NASA in 1988. However, his predictions for temperatures after 1988 were 50% higher than the actual global mean temperatures in those years. | 2019-12-04 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_82_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_82 | https://science.feedback.org/review/caleb-rossiter-falsely-claims-that-climate-models-are-running-very-hot/ | The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since [1988]. | Caleb Rossiter | 2019-11-03 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-models-got-it-right-on-global-warming/ | Most of these models are long since obsolete, replaced by far more advanced generations. And yet, most of them were spot on in their projections of how much the Earth would warm in the years after they were published in response to greenhouse gas emissions. Fourteen out of 17 models were found to be accurate. The new study highlights a critically important, but sometimes overlooked, point about the way climate models work. The amount of warming they predict is a direct consequence of the greenhouse gas emissions they assume for the future. And accurately predicting carbon emissions is notoriously difficult—it depends on many human factors, including population growth, economic shifts and changes in the energy landscape. [...] One example is a famous climate model developed by NASA researcher James Hansen, whose congressional testimony on climate change in the 1980s helped catapult the issue into the public spotlight. Hansen’s 1988 model ultimately predicted about 50% more warming for the coming decades than actually occurred, giving fodder to skeptics’ arguments that scientists were exaggerating the issue of global warming. | 2024-02-20 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_82_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_82 | https://science.feedback.org/review/caleb-rossiter-falsely-claims-that-climate-models-are-running-very-hot/ | The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since [1988]. | Caleb Rossiter | 2019-11-03 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming | Models predict that as the world consumes ever more fossil fuel, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, and Earth’s average surface temperature will rise with them. Based on plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise between 2°C and 6°C by the end of the 21st century. Some of this warming will occur even if future greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, because the Earth system has not yet fully adjusted to environmental changes we have already made. [...] Models predict that Earth will warm between 2 and 6 degrees Celsius in the next century. When global warming has happened at various times in the past two million years, it has taken the planet about 5,000 years to warm 5 degrees. The predicted rate of warming for the next century is at least 20 times faster. This rate of change is extremely unusual. [...] The models predict that as the world consumes ever more fossil fuel, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, and Earth’s average surface temperature will rise with them. Based on a range of plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise between 2°C and 6°C by the end of the 21st century. | 2010-06-03 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_82_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_82 | https://science.feedback.org/review/caleb-rossiter-falsely-claims-that-climate-models-are-running-very-hot/ | The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since [1988]. | Caleb Rossiter | 2019-11-03 | https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2018/06/26/james-hansens-climate-warning-30-years-later/ | 1988 turned out to be the hottest year since modern instrumental records began in the 19th century. That mark has since been broken, in 1990, 1998, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The global average temperature has not gone up quite as much as Hansen predicted—among other things, 30 years ago scientists lacked the sophisticated instruments, accumulated data and vast computing power informing today’s climate models—but he was remarkably close given the limitations, and was dead right on the overall trend. A wide variety of media marked the anniversary. Justin Gillis, writing in The New York Times, noted that, among the confounding factors in 1988, Hansen’s models assumed that we would continue emitting refrigerant gases that contributed mightily to global warming. The following year, the nations of the world agreed to control those gases—"proof that scientific warnings, if taken seriously, can be acted upon at a worldwide scale," said Gillis. "So while his temperature forecast was not flawless, in a larger sense, Dr. Hansen’s 1988 warning has turned out to be entirely on target," said Gillis Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) recounted Hansen’s testimony in a 17-minute speech on the Senate floor, noting that "30 years of added science" have proved just how right Hansen was." | 2018-06-26 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_83_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_83 | https://science.feedback.org/review/some-evidence-suggests-that-vitamin-c-and-d-supplementation-might-prevent-or-treat-respiratory-infections-but-their-effectiveness-is-still-being-tested-with-covid-19/ | Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk. | Joseph Mercola | 2020-04-02 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/05/02/fact-check-coronavirus-covid-19-vitamins-c-d-treatment-joseph-mercola/3058491001/ | The claim: Vitamins C and D have been adopted as treatment for coronavirus [...] An April 7 article on the website of the Organic Consumers Association by Joseph Mercola headlined "Vitamins C and D finally adopted as coronavirus treatment" claims that "vitamins C and D are now (finally) being adopted in the conventional treatment of novel coronavirus." [...] - Vitamins C and D finally adopted as coronavirus treatment - New York hospitals treating coronavirus patients with vitamin C - FDA warns doctor: Stop touting camera as disease screening tool - Dr. Mercola: Visionary or Quack? | 2020-05-02 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_83_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_83 | https://science.feedback.org/review/some-evidence-suggests-that-vitamin-c-and-d-supplementation-might-prevent-or-treat-respiratory-infections-but-their-effectiveness-is-still-being-tested-with-covid-19/ | Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk. | Joseph Mercola | 2020-04-02 | https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/mercolacom-llc-607133-02182021 | From your article titled "Vitamin C and D Finally Adopted as Coronavirus Treatment" (https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2020/04/07/coronavirus-treatment.aspx): [...] - "[V]itamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, effectively inactivating viruses." - "While high-dose vitamin C is new for COVID-19 treatment, it’s been used as a treatment for sepsis since about 2017. The vitamin C-based sepsis treatment was developed by Dr. Paul Marik …. In the interview above, Marik explains how the COVID-19 critical care protocol grew out of his sepsis treatment, as he and other doctors noticed there were many similarities between sepsis and severe COVID-19 infection …." | 2021-04-03 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_83_ret_bn_g15 | sciencefeedback_83 | https://science.feedback.org/review/some-evidence-suggests-that-vitamin-c-and-d-supplementation-might-prevent-or-treat-respiratory-infections-but-their-effectiveness-is-still-being-tested-with-covid-19/ | Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk. | Joseph Mercola | 2020-04-02 | https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/vitamin-c | For the past several decades, intravenous vitamin C has been used as a treatment for multiple types of viral infections.[92] Intravenous vitamin C's effectiveness as an antiviral treatment is likely due to its immune system-enhancing capabilities. In addition, some studies have observed that in critically ill patients such as those with viral infections, sepsis, or accidental injury, plasma levels of vitamin C might be less than 25 percent of those observed in healthy people.[93] [94] [95] [...] Vitamin C also interferes with the replication of viral particles. One in vitro study showed that human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells that were incubated for four days with 150 micrograms per milliliter of vitamin C decreased reverse transcriptase activity by 99 percent and p24 antigen levels by 13 percent (parameters of virus production) compared to untreated cells.[171] Another in vitro study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of vitamin C to kill influenza viruses, with a vitamin C concentration of 2.5 millimoles per liter eliminating 90 percent of the virus present and a concentration of 20 millimoles per liter fully impeding viral replication.[107] | 2019-01-19 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_83_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_83 | https://science.feedback.org/review/some-evidence-suggests-that-vitamin-c-and-d-supplementation-might-prevent-or-treat-respiratory-infections-but-their-effectiveness-is-still-being-tested-with-covid-19/ | Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk. | Joseph Mercola | 2020-04-02 | https://www.lifeextension.com/protocols/infections/common-cold | A meta-analysis of findings from 25 randomized controlled trials found daily or weekly vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory infections, and the effect was stronger in those with low baseline vitamin D levels. Daily doses between 800 and 2,000 IU appeared to be most effective. The analysis further showed treatment regimens that included large boluses (30,000 IU vitamin D or more) did not reduce infection risk.184 Nevertheless, a controlled trial in nursing home residents found monthly 100,000 IU boluses of vitamin D, in addition to standard daily doses of 400–1,000 IU, resulted in greater respiratory infection prevention than standard daily dosing alone, but was associated with a higher risk of falling (a known adverse side effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation).185 [...] Siddiqui M, Manansala JS, Abdulrahman HA, et al. Immune Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D on Viral Infections. Nutrients. Sep 21 2020;12(9)doi:10.3390/nu12092879 [...] Hemilä H. Vitamin C and Infections. Nutrients. Mar 29 2017;9(4)doi:10.3390/nu9040339 | 2018-06-18 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_87 | sciencefeedback_87 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-spread-of-covid-19-is-not-related-in-any-way-to-the-deployment-of-5g/ | “5G plays a part in this ‘plandemic’” ... The cases of COVID-19 are “directly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G” | Dee McLachlan | 2020-05-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-spread-of-covid-19-is-not-related-in-any-way-to-the-deployment-of-5g/ | The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. There is no data demonstrating a causal link between 5G rollout in the world and the global COVID-19 pandemic. For example, 5G is not available in the hardest hit regions of France and Italy. | 2020-05-04 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_87_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_87 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-spread-of-covid-19-is-not-related-in-any-way-to-the-deployment-of-5g/ | “5G plays a part in this ‘plandemic’” ... The cases of COVID-19 are “directly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G” | Dee McLachlan | 2020-05-04 | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41060-022-00322-3 | Different misinformation narratives that imply a causal link between 5G and COVID-19 have spread on social media, some of which are contradictory. Some suggest that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by 5G equipment causes COVID-19, while others state that 5G harms people directly and that COVID-19 is used to hide this fact. We provide a more detailed description of these narratives in Sect. 3.4, but throughout this paper, we consider all such misinformation narratives together. We use the term 5G-COVID misinformation event to refer to the entirety of all communication that imply a causal link between 5G and COVID-19, i.e., all Twitter messages, Facebook posts, news articles, and videos. In addition, we consider all real-world events such as arson attacks that are presumably a direct consequence of this misinformation to be part of the event. Since it is essentially impossible to obtain an incontrovertible proof of causality between misinformation and real-world harm, we include all events where such a causality is highly likely. | 2022-05-27 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_87_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_87 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-spread-of-covid-19-is-not-related-in-any-way-to-the-deployment-of-5g/ | “5G plays a part in this ‘plandemic’” ... The cases of COVID-19 are “directly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G” | Dee McLachlan | 2020-05-04 | https://www.ft.com/content/1eeedb71-d9dc-4b13-9b45-fcb7898ae9e1 | According to Hanna Linderstal, chief executive of the Swedish data company Earhart Business Protection Agency, which tracks online disinformation, the first video directly linking coronavirus to 5G appeared online in early January in the form of a lecture that discussed the influence of electromagnetic radiation on pandemics. "It was really scary to look at," she said. "You start thinking, should I move to the countryside?" [...] In an effort to curb the effects of the conspiracy, authorities have been forced to step in to publicly discredit it. The World Health Organization this month denied any link between the spread of coronavirus and 5G, while the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection said that 5G signals posed no risk to human health. [...] Ms Linderstal argued that the strict lockdown was likely to be playing a part. "People are really scared but they are also really engaged," she said. "At a time of crisis, people want answers — and [5G] is a really simple answer." | 2020-04-16 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_87_ret_bn_g13 | sciencefeedback_87 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-spread-of-covid-19-is-not-related-in-any-way-to-the-deployment-of-5g/ | “5G plays a part in this ‘plandemic’” ... The cases of COVID-19 are “directly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G” | Dee McLachlan | 2020-05-04 | https://www.bu.edu/hic/2021/01/04/5g-doesnt-cause-covid-19-but-the-rumor-it-does-spread-like-a-virus/ | 5G doesn’t cause COVID-19, but the rumor it does spread like a virus People’s fear of 5G technology is rational. Such technology does emit radiation, even if it’s at low levels. But 5G isn’t all that different from 4G, and it certainly doesn’t cause COVID-19 despite such rumors having spread rapidly across the globe. [...] Another explanation for why folks might associate 5G with COVID-19 is that such technology emits invisible electromagnetic waves that people fear could impact their health. "People are much more worried about things [like radiation] that they cannot see," said Starobinski. | 2021-01-04 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_87_ret_bn_g15 | sciencefeedback_87 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-spread-of-covid-19-is-not-related-in-any-way-to-the-deployment-of-5g/ | “5G plays a part in this ‘plandemic’” ... The cases of COVID-19 are “directly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G” | Dee McLachlan | 2020-05-04 | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-91017-4_15 | There are at least two main conspiracy theories connecting 5G technologies with COVID-19 (Meese et al., 2020). One version posits that electromagnetic radiation from 5G lowers the immune system, thereby making the population more susceptible to the virus. This theory shares clear similarities with another conspiratorial claim that sustained exposure to electromagnetic fields causes cancer. However, the more prominent conspiracy theory argues that 5G directly causes COVID-19 via radiation and that the virus initiated in Wuhan, due to the city being the "initial" 5G test site. Although Wuhan was one of the first cities in China to receive 5G (Xinhua, 2019), it has not been confirmed to be the first either in China or globally. It is unclear exactly how these theories began and were so quickly propagated, but they are possibly descendants of previous conspiracies related to electromagnetic radiation and cell phones. [...] Meese, J., Frith, J., & Wilken, R. (2020). COVID-19, 5G conspiracies and infrastructural futures. Media International Australia,177(1), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20952165 [...] Xinhua. (2019, May 27). Hubei sets up over 300 5G base stations. XinhuaNet News. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/27/c_138094302.htm | 2016-03-30 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_88 | sciencefeedback_88 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-virus-contaminating-polio-vaccine-between-1955-and-1963-is-cancer-causing-not-supported-by-science/ | CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus | Dave Mihalovic | 2019-07-25 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-virus-contaminating-polio-vaccine-between-1955-and-1963-is-cancer-causing-not-supported-by-science/ | Polio vaccines were indeed contaminated by SV40 at a point in time, but the claim that SV40 causes cancer in humans is not supported by scientific evidence. | 2019-07-25 | Half True | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_88_ret_b7_gn | sciencefeedback_88 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-virus-contaminating-polio-vaccine-between-1955-and-1963-is-cancer-causing-not-supported-by-science/ | CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus | Dave Mihalovic | 2019-07-25 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/polio-vaccine-plays-a-critical-role-in-eradicating-polio-polio-is-caused-by-a-virus-not-by-ddt/ | FULL CLAIM: "Did vaccines get rid of polio? The answer is NO!"; "Between 1955 - 1963 CDC admits 98 million Americans received the polio vaccine in an 8-year span when it was contaminated with the cancer-causing virus SV 40"; "The rise and fall of polio does actually correspond with the usage of DDT [...] Is it possible that many cases of polio were actually DDT poisoning? Is it possible that the decrease in DDT was a contributing factor in the decrease in polio cases?" An Instagram post claims that vaccines did not get rid of polio and, "between 1955–1963 [the] CDC admits 98 million Americans received the polio vaccine in an 8-year span when it was contaminated with the cancer-causing virus SV40." The post, which contains a video, was published on 2 December 2020, and received more than 35,000 views. The video also claims that "The rise and fall of polio does actually correspond with the usage of DDT [a type of pesticide]." Using the rhetorical technique of "just asking questions," the video suggests that "many cases of polio were actually DDT poisoning." [...] The claim that the vaccine once contained a cancer-causing virus is misleading and unsupported by scientific evidence. Health Feedback also addressed this claim in an earlier review. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explained: | 2020-12-08 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_88_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_88 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-virus-contaminating-polio-vaccine-between-1955-and-1963-is-cancer-causing-not-supported-by-science/ | CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus | Dave Mihalovic | 2019-07-25 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-virus-contaminating-polio-vaccine-between-1955-and-1963-is-cancer-causing-not-supported-by-science/ | Polio vaccines were indeed contaminated by SV40 at a point in time, but the claim that SV40 causes cancer in humans is not supported by scientific evidence. [...] This article by Dave Mihalovic, published on Waking Times and reproduced in several other websites, has been shared more than 21,000 times and is trending on Facebook. The article claims that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) "admits 98 million Americans received polio vaccine in an 8-year span when it was contaminated with cancer virus". It also asserts that this information was later "quickly removed" by the CDC. [...] Overall, the claim contains a grain of truth in that polio vaccines were indeed contaminated with SV40 at a point in time and that people did receive these contaminated vaccines. But the claim that SV40 causes cancer in humans is premature – the current state of scientific evidence is not sufficient to support a causal link between SV40 and cancer. A review by Tam et al. discussed in detail the challenges involved in evaluating this link, particularly when using past epidemiological studies (such as determining exposure levels, improvements in cancer diagnosis over the past decades)[10]. Further studies will be needed to provide a definitive answer. | 2019-07-25 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_88_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_88 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-virus-contaminating-polio-vaccine-between-1955-and-1963-is-cancer-causing-not-supported-by-science/ | CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus | Dave Mihalovic | 2019-07-25 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/cdc-admits-98-million-got-cancer-polio-vaccine/ | On 25 October 2015, Viral Alternative News published an article titled "CDC admits 98 million Americans were given a cancer causing virus via the polio shot," which followed on the heels of a September 2015 article from the web site Vaccines.News headlined "CDC admits 98 million Americans were given cancer virus via the polio shot" (credited to a reporter by the name of "evilnews"), the latter of which cited InvestmentWatch's August 2015 piece titled "CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine in an 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus": The CDC has quickly removed a page from their website, which WAS cached here (since removed by Google so you can view an image of the cache here), admitting that more than 98 million Americans received one or more doses of polio vaccine within an 8-year span from 1955-1963 when a proportion of the vaccine was contaminated with a cancer causing polyomavirus called SV40. It has been estimated that 10-30 million Americans could have received an SV40 contaminated dose of the vaccine. [...] Clearly 98 million Americans were not "given [a] cancer virus via the polio shot," because not every single polio vaccination undertaken between the years of 1955 and 1963 involved vaccine contaminated with SV40: the CDC estimated that somewhere between 10 and 30 million Americans might have received SV40-contaminated vaccine during that period. Moreover, SV40 is not a "cancer virus," and there is no definitive evidence that either SV40 itself or SV40-contaminated polio vaccine causes (or has caused) cancer. | 2015-10-24 | Half True | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_89 | sciencefeedback_89 | https://science.feedback.org/review/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1°C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01°C. | Jyrki Kauppinen, Pekka Malmi, Paul Joseph Watson | 2019-12-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | Warming related to human activities is estimated to be around 1°C over the past century. This document claims to overturn decades of scientific findings but provides neither the source of the data it uses nor the physics responsible for the proposed relationship between clouds and global temperature. | 2019-12-07 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_89_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_89 | https://science.feedback.org/review/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1°C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01°C. | Jyrki Kauppinen, Pekka Malmi, Paul Joseph Watson | 2019-12-07 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | The unpublished paper by Kauppinen & Malmi is deeply flawed and the claims that (1) CO2 has caused only 0.1 degC of warming and that (2) only 10% (0.01 degC) of this warming is from human activity are both unsupported claims. [...] Finally, after using a bunch of nonsense calculations to say that 0.1 °C warming is from CO2, they say that 90% of the change in CO2 is caused by the oceans. This violates conservation of mass from basic chemistry13: the oceans are actually absorbing CO214,15 which, again, is the complete opposite of what Kaupinen and Malmi claim. Without claiming the opposite of reality, their conclusions cannot be supported. [...] Careful analysis that attempts to take into account all major factors and their evolution in time indicates that anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses account for more than 100% of the observed warming on the century timescale (requiring cancellation from cooling influences). See the summary graphic from Carbon Brief, below. | 2019-10-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_89_ret_b4_gn | sciencefeedback_89 | https://science.feedback.org/review/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1°C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01°C. | Jyrki Kauppinen, Pekka Malmi, Paul Joseph Watson | 2019-12-07 | https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature | Though warming has not been uniform across the planet, the upward trend in the globally averaged temperature shows that more areas are warming than cooling. According to NOAA's 2023 Annual Climate Report the combined land and ocean temperature has increased at an average rate of 0.11° Fahrenheit (0.06° Celsius) per decade since 1850, or about 2° F in total. The rate of warming since 1982 is more than three times as fast: 0.36° F (0.20° C) per decade. [...] Human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, have unequivocally caused global warming, with global surface temperature reaching 1.1°C above 1850-1900 in 2011-2020. [...] The likely range of total human-caused global surface temperature increase from 1850–1900 to 2010–2019 is 0.8°C to 1.3°C, with a best estimate of 1.07°C [2.01 ˚F]. Over this period, it is likely that well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributed a warming of 1.0°C to 2.0°C, and other human drivers (principally aerosols) contributed a cooling of 0.0°C to 0.8°C, natural (solar and volcanic) drivers changed global surface temperature by –0.1°C to +0.1°C, and internal variability changed it by –0.2°C to +0.2°C. | 2024-01-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_89_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_89 | https://science.feedback.org/review/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1°C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01°C. | Jyrki Kauppinen, Pekka Malmi, Paul Joseph Watson | 2019-12-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/non-peer-reviewed-manuscript-falsely-claims-natural-cloud-changes-can-explain-global-warming/ | Warming related to human activities is estimated to be around 1°C over the past century. This document claims to overturn decades of scientific findings but provides neither the source of the data it uses nor the physics responsible for the proposed relationship between clouds and global temperature. [...] The unpublished paper by Kauppinen & Malmi is deeply flawed and the claims that (1) CO2 has caused only 0.1 degC of warming and that (2) only 10% (0.01 degC) of this warming is from human activity are both unsupported claims. [...] Finally, after using a bunch of nonsense calculations to say that 0.1 °C warming is from CO2, they say that 90% of the change in CO2 is caused by the oceans. This violates conservation of mass from basic chemistry13: the oceans are actually absorbing CO214,15 which, again, is the complete opposite of what Kaupinen and Malmi claim. Without claiming the opposite of reality, their conclusions cannot be supported. | 2019-07-12 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_9 | sciencefeedback_9 | https://science.feedback.org/review/activated-charcoal-treat-poisoning-but-isnt-effective-all-poisons-isnt-substitute-medical-attention/ | “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating | Barbara O'Neill | 2024-05-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/activated-charcoal-treat-poisoning-but-isnt-effective-all-poisons-isnt-substitute-medical-attention/ | Activated charcoal is a special form of carbon that’s effective at binding to other substances (adsorption). It’s used in emergency rooms to treat some cases of poisoning. When the charcoal comes into physical contact with the poison in the gastrointestinal tract, the charcoal adsorbs the poison. This reduces the amount of poison absorbed by the body and thus reduces the poison’s effect on the body. However, activated charcoal can’t reverse the effects of poison already absorbed and can’t act as a substitute for medical attention. | 2024-05-30 | Half True | true | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_9_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_9 | https://science.feedback.org/review/activated-charcoal-treat-poisoning-but-isnt-effective-all-poisons-isnt-substitute-medical-attention/ | “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating | Barbara O'Neill | 2024-05-30 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/activated-charcoal-treat-poisoning-but-isnt-effective-all-poisons-isnt-substitute-medical-attention/ | FULL CLAIM: "Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons"; "If ever I had a baby who had a bit of diarrhea, I’d give a bit of charcoal [...] when I got a black nappy, I knew that my baby was well" [...] O’Neill’s claim that charcoal can be used to treat diarrhea, even in infants, isn’t substantiated by evidence. The U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health states that "No solid evidence supports claims that activated charcoal helps with [traveler’s diarrhea], bloating, stomach cramps, or gas". It also added that children shouldn’t be given charcoal. However, O’Neill’s claim that "charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons" is somewhat accurate, although it exaggerates the effectiveness of charcoal and lacks important nuance. In fact, misunderstandings over activated charcoal’s effects have led it to be wrongly touted as a way to "detox". We explain more below. | 2024-08-22 | Half True | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_9_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_9 | https://science.feedback.org/review/activated-charcoal-treat-poisoning-but-isnt-effective-all-poisons-isnt-substitute-medical-attention/ | “Charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons”; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating | Barbara O'Neill | 2024-05-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/activated-charcoal-treat-poisoning-but-isnt-effective-all-poisons-isnt-substitute-medical-attention/ | A Facebook reel posted in May 2024 claimed that "charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons", drawing more than 1.3 million views to date. The claim was made by naturopath Barbara O’Neill, who has promoted unsubstantiated and potentially harmful health claims. Science Feedback debunked some of O’Neill’s claims in earlier reviews. [...] O’Neill’s claim that charcoal can be used to treat diarrhea, even in infants, isn’t substantiated by evidence. The U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health states that "No solid evidence supports claims that activated charcoal helps with [traveler’s diarrhea], bloating, stomach cramps, or gas". It also added that children shouldn’t be given charcoal. However, O’Neill’s claim that "charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons" is somewhat accurate, although it exaggerates the effectiveness of charcoal and lacks important nuance. In fact, misunderstandings over activated charcoal’s effects have led it to be wrongly touted as a way to "detox". We explain more below. | 2024-07-24 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_94_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_94 | https://science.feedback.org/review/approved-covid19-vaccines-dont-contain-hiv-proteins-dont-cause-aids-contrary-claim-misquoting-bbc-documentary/ | COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” | Facebook users | 2023-12-16 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/approved-covid19-vaccines-dont-contain-hiv-proteins-dont-cause-aids-contrary-claim-misquoting-bbc-documentary/ | FULL CLAIM: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; "if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government"; "Why was this kept from…You??" The claim that COVID-19 vaccines cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) because they contain proteins from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—the virus responsible for AIDS—circulated on social media in December 2023. This claim already appeared in October 2023, and an analysis from Reuters found it inaccurate. [...] The reel then cut to the question, "Why was this kept from…You??" and to a statement by virologist Luc Montagnier saying "if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government". Montagnier propagated disinformation against vaccines and COVID-19 on numerous occasions. | 2023-12-27 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_94_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_94 | https://science.feedback.org/review/approved-covid19-vaccines-dont-contain-hiv-proteins-dont-cause-aids-contrary-claim-misquoting-bbc-documentary/ | COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” | Facebook users | 2023-12-16 | https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-coronavirus-vaccine-hiv-185375755407 | AP’S ASSESSMENT: False. There is no evidence that any COVID-19 vaccine contains HIV, an expert in infectious diseases and vaccinology told The Associated Press. Experts have repeatedly shot down similar claims in the past, explaining that the vaccines also do not make recipients more susceptible to contracting HIV. [...] The claim is baseless. The COVID-19 vaccines do not contain HIV, according to John Swartzberg, a clinical professor of infectious diseases and vaccinology at the University of California, Berkeley. [...] Various conspiracy theories falsely linking the COVID-19 vaccines to HIV and AIDS have spread online in the past, and other experts have reiterated that there is no connection. "There is nothing in the COVID vaccines that contain either HIV or increase a body’s susceptibility to contracting HIV," Dr. Monica Gandhi, associate chief of the division of HIV, infectious diseases and global medicine at the University of California San Francisco Medical School, told the AP in 2021. | 2023-01-29 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_94_ret_b4_gn | sciencefeedback_94 | https://science.feedback.org/review/approved-covid19-vaccines-dont-contain-hiv-proteins-dont-cause-aids-contrary-claim-misquoting-bbc-documentary/ | COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” | Facebook users | 2023-12-16 | https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/covid-19-vaccines-people-hiv | Several studies have shown that booster doses are effective in people with HIV and other immunocompromised people, leading to substantial increases in antibody levels. A large US study that covered the period when the Delta and Omicron variants were circulating in the United States showed that immunocompromised people – including people living with HIV – who received a third vaccine dose were significantly less likely to be admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19 or experience a breakthrough infection when compared to immunocompromised people who had been vaccinated without boosting (Sun). An Israeli study of the effects of a fourth vaccine dose showed that by the sixth week after receiving this fourth dose, recipients were 77% less likely to develop severe COVID-19 disease than people of the same age who had only received three doses (Bar-On). [...] - COVID-19 vaccines are safe in people with HIV. There is no evidence that people with HIV have a higher rate of side effects after vaccination or unusual side effects. There is no evidence that any COVID-19 vaccine interacts with HIV treatment or causes HIV viral load to increase. - COVID-19 vaccines are effective in most people with HIV. They stimulate strong antibody responses in people with HIV with higher CD4 counts. People with lower CD4 counts (below 200) have weaker responses to vaccination and their antibody responses after vaccination may dwindle faster than those of people with higher CD4 counts. | 2021-11-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_94_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_94 | https://science.feedback.org/review/approved-covid19-vaccines-dont-contain-hiv-proteins-dont-cause-aids-contrary-claim-misquoting-bbc-documentary/ | COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; “if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government” | Facebook users | 2023-12-16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/approved-covid19-vaccines-dont-contain-hiv-proteins-dont-cause-aids-contrary-claim-misquoting-bbc-documentary/ | Approved COVID-19 vaccines don’t contain HIV proteins and don’t cause AIDS, contrary to claim misquoting BBC documentary [...] Misleading: The claim misleads viewers into believing that the COVID-19 vaccines available to the public contain a HIV protein fragment, which is false. Although a vaccine candidate presented in the BBC documentary contained a HIV protein fragment, this candidate didn’t make it past clinical trials. [...] The reel then cut to the question, "Why was this kept from…You??" and to a statement by virologist Luc Montagnier saying "if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government". Montagnier propagated disinformation against vaccines and COVID-19 on numerous occasions. | 2023-12-27 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_95 | sciencefeedback_95 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-claim-on-social-media-rna-vaccines-do-not-alter-our-dna/ | “Bill Gates explains that the COVID vaccine will use experimental technology and permanently alter your DNA” | Alex Pietrowski, Facebook users | 2020-06-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-claim-on-social-media-rna-vaccines-do-not-alter-our-dna/ | Previous studies have demonstrated that RNA vaccines are generally safe. Studies examining the potential integration of nucleic acid vaccines into DNA have shown that RNA from a vaccine does not alter DNA. RNA from a vaccine is also very unlikely to cause autoimmunity, as RNA is short-lived, being quickly degraded by cells after it has been used to make a protein. Therefore RNA does not persist long enough to cause autoimmune disorders, which are chronic in nature. In fact, some nucleic acid vaccines are being developed to treat autoimmune diseases. | 2020-06-30 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_95_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_95 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-claim-on-social-media-rna-vaccines-do-not-alter-our-dna/ | “Bill Gates explains that the COVID vaccine will use experimental technology and permanently alter your DNA” | Alex Pietrowski, Facebook users | 2020-06-30 | https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/may/20/facebook-posts/no-specific-covid-19-vaccine-experimental-or-other/ | A recent Facebook post links to an article titled, "Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA." [...] A blog post shared on social media reads "Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA." [...] Waking Times, Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA, May 15, 2020 | 2020-05-15 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_95_ret_b7_gn | sciencefeedback_95 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-claim-on-social-media-rna-vaccines-do-not-alter-our-dna/ | “Bill Gates explains that the COVID vaccine will use experimental technology and permanently alter your DNA” | Alex Pietrowski, Facebook users | 2020-06-30 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/52847648 | Coronavirus: Bill Gates ‘microchip’ conspiracy theory and other vaccine claims fact-checked - Published | 2020-05-29 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_95_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_95 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-claim-on-social-media-rna-vaccines-do-not-alter-our-dna/ | “Bill Gates explains that the COVID vaccine will use experimental technology and permanently alter your DNA” | Alex Pietrowski, Facebook users | 2020-06-30 | https://medium.com/dfrlab/tracing-the-myth-that-covid-19-vaccines-alter-human-dna-ce7dd282bbc0 | The DFRLab analyzed the COVID-19 misinformation database compiled by Poynter’s CoronaVirusFacts Alliance and identified 96 debunks of the claim that COVID-19 vaccines alter human DNA. Many of these narratives gained credibility by falsely attributing the information to authoritative figures like Microsoft founder Bill Gates and former Moderna chief medical officer Tal Zaks. The false claims were then amplified by medical professionals who practice alternative medicine and demonstrate clear anti-vaccine sentiments. [...] The myth that COVID-19 vaccines could change a person’s DNA first appeared after Bill Gates published a video on April 30, 2020 detailing how COVID-19 mRNA vaccines work. At no point in the video does Gates suggest that the vaccines can alter DNA. Shortly after the video was published, Waking Times, a website that frequently publishes conspiracies and pseudoscience, released an article titled, "Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA." The article’s author, Alex Pietrowski, has a minimal web presence, as the DFRLab found few verifiably connected sources beyond Waking Times itself. [...] Despite numerous debunks, false narratives about COVID-19 vaccines altering DNA remained pervasive, as it kept reappearing in numerous countries over the course of the period analyzed by the DFRLab. In the below chart measuring the lifespan of the variations of the story, the spikes are most significant when it comes to conspiracies directly mentioning mRNA vaccines. This is due to active transnational amplification of the falsehood, which originated from authentic comments from Gates and Zaks that were later misconstrued to present the false allegation that they were "admitting" to mRNA vaccine technology altering human DNA. | 2022-02-12 | False | false | true | refutes |
srilankafactcrescendo_0 | srilankafactcrescendo_0 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-04 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | It is confirmed that the bridge shown in these social media posts is not a bridge built in Sri Lanka. Accordingly this bridge appears to be the Raiwind Flyover in Lahore, Panjab, Pakistan, which was constructed in 2017. At the same time, there has been a wide discussion about this and there are reports that the government has made this construction in such a complex shape according to certain conventions. | 2024-10-04 | False | true | true | insufficient-contradictory |
srilankafactcrescendo_0_ret_b13_gn | srilankafactcrescendo_0 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-04 | https://www.shutterstock.com/search/aerial-view-sri-lanka | Aerial View Sri Lanka images 8.590 aerial view sri lanka stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free for download. See aerial view sri lanka stock video clips | 2024-05-06 | False | false | false | not_applicable |
srilankafactcrescendo_0_ret_b15_g0 | srilankafactcrescendo_0 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-04 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | It is confirmed that the bridge shown in these social media posts is not a bridge built in Sri Lanka. Accordingly this bridge appears to be the Raiwind Flyover in Lahore, Panjab, Pakistan, which was constructed in 2017. At the same time, there has been a wide discussion about this and there are reports that the government has made this construction in such a complex shape according to certain conventions. | 2024-10-04 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
srilankafactcrescendo_0_ret_b3_gn | srilankafactcrescendo_0 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-04 | https://www.newsflare.com/video/324380/dramatic-aerial-view-of-sigiriya-rock-an-ancient-fortress-in-central-sri-lanka | Dramatic aerial view of Sigiriya Rock, an ancient fortress in central Sri Lanka Ariel view of the 15th century fort built out of the towering rock, in central Sri Lanka. Normally only accessible by walking up the steps, this video allows you to see its full glory from above. | 2019-06-06 | False | false | false | not_applicable |
srilankafactcrescendo_0_ret_b6_gn | srilankafactcrescendo_0 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/social/a-highway-constructed-by-changing-its-structure-to-exploit-tax-money-619223 | An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-04 | https://www.srilankaview.com/sigiriya.htm | SriLankaView by www.srilankaview.com The Virtual Traveller to SriLanka | 2023-01-01 | False | false | false | not_applicable |
srilankafactcrescendo_1 | srilankafactcrescendo_1 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/political/former-and-current-prez-are-not-using-the-same-set-of-prez-advisors-619180 | Former and Current Prez are using the same set of prez advisors !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-02 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/political/former-and-current-prez-are-not-using-the-same-set-of-prez-advisors-619180 | The social media posts suggesting that the same advisors serve both Ranil Wickremesinghe and Anura Kumara Dissanayake are misleading. The individuals appearing in the photos represent the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce and were involved in presenting the "Vision 2030" document to both leaders. They did not serve as permanent or official presidential advisors. The current president, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, has appointed only two advisors so far. One of them is the Mr Hulangamuwa, who is seen in both photographs as he was serving as the Chamber`s chairman. | 2024-10-02 | False | true | true | refutes |
srilankafactcrescendo_1_ret_b14_gn | srilankafactcrescendo_1 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/political/former-and-current-prez-are-not-using-the-same-set-of-prez-advisors-619180 | Former and Current Prez are using the same set of prez advisors !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-02 | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/13540688221079299 | Does it really matter whether former political advisors get elected to public office? Former advisors are likely to have more skills than other newly elected legislators, allowing them to hit the ground running when it comes to performing the duties of their office. In this sense, a voter might see electing a former advisor as the smart choice, since they are likely to be more effective than candidates without political experience. Are former advisors likely to use these skills and networks to further their constituents’ interests, however? Indeed, we have good reason to think that former political advisers bring more than their expertise in the process of politics, but may even approach their responsibilities differently in the first instance. A central question each representative must confront is to whom they should be responsive. One difference between former advisors and those with other types of pre-legislative experience might be their views on the nature of mass-elite linkages in representative style ( [...] The phenomenon of former advisors becoming elected officials also informs the personalization of politics. Personalization refers to a " | 2022-03-26 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
srilankafactcrescendo_1_ret_bn_g8 | srilankafactcrescendo_1 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/political/former-and-current-prez-are-not-using-the-same-set-of-prez-advisors-619180 | Former and Current Prez are using the same set of prez advisors !! | Social Media Users | 2024-10-02 | https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/political/former-and-current-prez-are-not-using-the-same-set-of-prez-advisors-619180 | Same Advisory Panel For Former President Wickremesinghe & Current President Anura Kumara? [...] One such claim compares two images, one featuring former President Ranil Wickremesinghe and another featuring current President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, alongside individuals purported to be their shared advisors. The posts suggest that despite leadership changes, the same advisors continue to serve the president, implying no substantial difference in governance. [...] The social media posts suggesting that the same advisors serve both Ranil Wickremesinghe and Anura Kumara Dissanayake are misleading. The individuals appearing in the photos represent the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce and were involved in presenting the "Vision 2030" document to both leaders. They did not serve as permanent or official presidential advisors. The current president, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, has appointed only two advisors so far. One of them is the Mr Hulangamuwa, who is seen in both photographs as he was serving as the Chamber`s chairman. | 2024-10-03 | False | false | true | refutes |
Subsets and Splits