title
stringlengths 4
300
| selftext
stringlengths 0
9.63k
| answers.text
stringlengths 47
11.4k
| answers.score
int64 2
32.7k
| title_urls.url
sequence | selftext_urls.url
sequence | answers_urls.url
sequence | sent_vec
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
what would happen to me if my whole body were instantly raised 1 degree f? or lowered 1 degree f? | if every part of my body were to have it's temperature changed in an instant, what would i feel? i'd guess i'd notice it but i don't know. which direction would be worse? how long until i recovered from it? | wiki gives an interesting breakdown of the effects of changing the core body temperature by a degree at a time. _url_0_ realistically though, such a small change ( < 1c) would be unlikely to cause much of a noticeable effect, besides sweating or shivering. people can naturally fluctuate up to a degree celsius or more throughout the day. source: i measure peoples' core temps all day long. | 4 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_temperature#Human_temperature_variation_effects"
] | [
-0.693943977355957,
1.2334368228912354,
1.0658823251724243,
1.0002349615097046,
0.0797608494758606,
-0.5013259649276733,
-0.5042673945426941,
0.25096800923347473,
0.23452876508235931,
-0.32908135652542114,
0.5346149206161499,
0.7007136940956116,
0.3227837085723877,
0.2285992056131363,
0.9043493270874023,
-0.10937589406967163,
-0.036881618201732635,
-0.8736120462417603,
-1.4019052982330322,
0.45655226707458496,
0.22127118706703186,
0.6420283317565918,
-0.635624885559082,
0.004339829087257385,
0.008321486413478851,
-0.8882320523262024,
0.07720030844211578,
0.26955264806747437,
0.4148806929588318,
-0.011409878730773926,
-0.8323971033096313,
0.8642795085906982,
0.41418272256851196,
0.0025711357593536377,
0.5922897458076477,
0.5738977193832397,
0.24183255434036255,
-0.4373885989189148,
-0.7323068976402283,
1.3566501140594482,
-0.004772976040840149,
-1.0681852102279663,
0.08250189572572708,
0.7052691578865051,
0.41134119033813477,
1.5924794673919678,
0.16691136360168457,
0.03315195441246033,
0.09237664937973022,
0.5459753274917603,
-0.012959122657775879,
0.30304262042045593,
-0.023111417889595032,
0.8174542188644409,
-0.2910633385181427,
0.36438512802124023,
-0.6928564310073853,
-0.8892250657081604,
-0.16941678524017334,
-0.1431693732738495,
-0.3927360773086548,
1.0743660926818848,
-1.245643138885498,
0.8279876708984375,
2.1566500663757324,
0.0646865963935852,
0.19671276211738586,
-0.2553980350494385,
-0.12637478113174438,
0.8086774349212646,
0.17005261778831482,
-0.26456236839294434,
-1.0950310230255127,
-0.2937012314796448,
-0.2369607388973236,
-1.1618342399597168,
-0.7441385388374329,
0.18716007471084595,
-0.1358714997768402,
-0.45165109634399414,
0.31342700123786926,
-1.1432597637176514,
0.5214446783065796,
-0.02149297297000885,
-0.10313938558101654,
0.15687018632888794,
0.9052044153213501,
-0.3581753373146057,
-0.7036758065223694,
0.04524707794189453,
-1.0438036918640137,
-0.4230860471725464,
-0.37123173475265503,
0.4834265112876892,
-0.1703275442123413,
0.48477208614349365,
-0.5604648590087891,
-0.8641394972801208,
0.026532471179962158,
1.8623651266098022,
-0.7046278715133667,
-0.5703627467155457,
-2.048513174057007,
1.1527769565582275,
-0.49923720955848694,
-0.5796384811401367,
0.02965560555458069,
0.853640615940094,
0.03757595270872116,
0.578266441822052,
-0.3509359359741211,
0.1881534308195114,
0.11383044719696045,
-0.43207651376724243,
0.3644985854625702,
0.27900126576423645,
-0.4023784399032593,
0.7639342546463013,
-0.364369660615921,
0.7216127514839172,
-0.25681939721107483,
-0.3094193637371063,
-0.9062098860740662,
-0.07692013680934906,
-0.26230740547180176,
0.010182052850723267,
1.1564481258392334,
0.8439345955848694,
0.8129982948303223,
-0.2023492455482483,
0.47647517919540405,
0.24276475608348846,
-0.4242270886898041,
0.02366134524345398,
-1.4350903034210205,
-0.8438649773597717,
1.5307012796401978,
0.5482422113418579,
-0.04812651872634888,
0.9521435499191284,
0.08085045218467712,
0.8767334818840027,
0.2905483841896057,
-0.4658776521682739,
0.8598902225494385,
1.1680891513824463,
0.04726964235305786,
0.3657711446285248,
-0.9357682466506958,
-0.8125398755073547,
-0.07164769619703293,
0.4723951816558838,
0.7636823654174805,
-0.8825736045837402,
-0.4989239573478699,
-0.14297731220722198,
0.6090402603149414,
-0.34006908535957336,
0.1674881875514984,
0.29748815298080444,
-0.5808942914009094,
0.6637290120124817,
-0.24394214153289795,
-0.1488216519355774,
1.3790059089660645,
0.2677956819534302,
0.8921748399734497,
-0.7944208979606628,
0.3333961069583893,
-0.02352505922317505,
0.16307057440280914,
-0.43583714962005615,
0.7347519397735596,
0.603053867816925,
0.4179012179374695,
-0.30098921060562134,
-2.389582633972168,
0.10329577326774597,
-0.6005630493164062,
1.4241747856140137,
0.9900809526443481,
0.09906013309955597,
0.29594096541404724,
0.26978909969329834,
0.864222526550293,
-1.3101075887680054,
0.040902167558670044,
0.4460040330886841,
-0.07398521900177002,
0.036377862095832825,
0.004649132490158081,
-0.8042616844177246,
-0.22031359374523163,
0.923225462436676,
-0.5866881608963013,
-0.38825762271881104,
-1.4787180423736572,
0.18479382991790771,
0.035926103591918945,
0.3904866874217987,
-0.8589501976966858,
-0.5433727502822876,
0.22680124640464783,
-1.5341172218322754,
1.0466670989990234,
0.04600656032562256,
-0.2723467946052551,
-0.8017332553863525,
1.2044780254364014,
-0.17308016121387482,
-0.251291424036026,
-0.7548683881759644,
0.29351159930229187,
-0.12011075019836426,
-0.3496915102005005,
0.2072594165802002,
-0.9500769376754761,
0.116834357380867,
-0.5744999647140503,
0.7000962495803833,
1.5613609552383423,
-0.527591347694397,
-0.025186985731124878,
-1.6077985763549805,
0.3009800910949707,
-0.5325703620910645,
-0.9568215012550354,
1.8108677864074707,
0.8852622509002686,
0.26809465885162354,
0.42766931653022766,
1.997879147529602,
-0.4420548677444458,
0.6878964900970459,
0.0836171805858612,
-1.6432735919952393,
-0.44865837693214417,
0.011105269193649292,
0.24307358264923096,
0.49548882246017456,
-0.339697003364563,
1.1294853687286377,
-0.3294113874435425,
0.8462116718292236,
-0.013811379671096802,
-0.021362334489822388,
-1.0113742351531982,
-0.1647621989250183,
0.16183602809906006,
0.018764525651931763,
-0.7240437269210815,
0.21925459802150726,
-0.9266458749771118,
-0.2888365387916565,
-1.6064916849136353,
-0.8218022584915161,
-1.5023589134216309,
-0.5576658844947815,
-0.23306787014007568,
0.9870976209640503,
-0.523659884929657,
0.027201592922210693,
-0.49221566319465637,
-0.45552417635917664,
1.4884616136550903,
-0.12913119792938232,
0.977157711982727,
-0.060275256633758545,
0.5805777311325073,
-0.6015604734420776,
-0.7394929528236389,
-0.9216657280921936,
-0.9018943905830383,
-0.053107649087905884,
1.0582425594329834,
-0.23907853662967682,
0.44644254446029663,
0.6419113874435425,
-0.0566282756626606,
-1.1012036800384521,
-1.4898089170455933,
-0.7951273918151855,
-0.6665710806846619,
1.0226268768310547,
-0.5631277561187744,
-0.4280162453651428,
0.17842638492584229,
0.45717787742614746,
0.02663406729698181,
-0.9386651515960693,
-0.27204281091690063,
0.5634176731109619,
1.1005744934082031,
0.44816532731056213,
1.343400239944458,
-0.5322956442832947,
-1.192347526550293,
0.9970322847366333,
-0.5124226808547974,
-1.1360499858856201,
0.33705949783325195,
0.11041620373725891,
-0.5520345568656921,
0.32239994406700134,
-1.4622693061828613,
0.2627597153186798,
0.4150168001651764,
-0.06847381591796875,
-0.10798954963684082,
-0.1646837741136551,
-0.013708539307117462,
-0.3551715910434723,
0.01984080672264099,
0.47974419593811035,
0.27701491117477417,
0.012598991394042969,
-0.511132538318634,
-0.029492944478988647,
-0.5248963832855225,
-0.23015865683555603,
-0.18555626273155212,
-0.0807974636554718,
0.4090815782546997,
0.2512950003147125,
0.8732415437698364,
0.32919585704803467,
1.8717021942138672,
-0.5744382739067078,
0.048064231872558594,
-0.36231547594070435,
0.6854164004325867,
0.8899092674255371,
1.7914780378341675,
-0.06565690040588379,
0.49278244376182556,
-0.052759669721126556,
-0.8083534240722656,
-0.7238876223564148,
-0.8110140562057495,
0.17200449109077454,
0.0822211503982544,
0.02444411814212799,
0.5967324376106262,
0.6840519905090332,
0.7230257391929626,
0.05914038419723511,
-0.04912661015987396,
1.320002794265747,
-1.4891682863235474,
-0.1295066475868225,
-0.619847297668457,
0.7375510931015015,
-0.11266288161277771,
-0.25015443563461304,
1.6065161228179932,
-0.7579668760299683,
-0.507315456867218,
0.22026914358139038,
-0.6330921649932861,
1.412422776222229,
-0.5737416744232178,
0.17178380489349365,
-0.10449884831905365,
1.2957260608673096,
-0.1871587187051773,
-0.47164374589920044,
0.4488607347011566,
-0.15901824831962585,
-0.799993097782135,
0.4321061968803406,
0.9033887982368469,
0.5773468017578125,
1.1538078784942627,
-0.5526837110519409,
-0.7986397743225098,
-1.0947645902633667,
-0.17393377423286438,
1.1580804586410522,
-0.2983986735343933,
0.47339707612991333,
0.1408933699131012,
-0.4616411030292511,
-0.48261746764183044,
0.4491218030452728
] |
is impaired congenital development caused by malnutrition ? | overnutrition (at least on the part of the mother during gestation) contributes to overt, major congenital birth defects and more subtle alterations to physiology or organ development that may only become apparent in the long-term, when the offspring is in adulthood. overnutrition (either via maternal obesity or diabetes) is associated with increased birth weight, neural tube defects, and heart malformations, [amongst other things](_url_4_). risks for these conditions are roughly 2-3 times greater in children born to obese mothers compared to children born to normal weight mothers. in the long term, there are hints from epidemiological data and animal models that development of organs is adversely affected, but that these changes only become apparent many years down the line - [risk of diabetes and pancreatic b-cell failure is increased in offspring of diabetic mothers](_url_1_), [a finding supported by animal models](_url_0_). there are also suggestions that liver development is especially prone ([here](_url_2_) and [here](_url_5_) for example.) i can't speak from expertise for undernutrition, but it doesn't appear to have the same short term risks for overt congenital birth defects as overnutrition. however, i do know that it does increase risk of later cardiometabolic disease, [with similar outcomes as overnutrition](_url_6_). this is the central tenet of the [thrifty phenotype hypothesis](_url_3_), whereby an organism experiencing undernutrition during development expects to be born into a world with little energy or nutrients and adjusts its development and outlook accordingly. problems arise when there is a mismatch between what it expects (ie, famine) and what it finds (mcdonalds). | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-005-1854-8",
"http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/49/12/2208.short",
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021662#pone-0021662-g005",
"http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:vFN2Njx8sV8J:scholar.google.com/+protection+of+brain+maternal+undernutrition&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5",
"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/111/Supplement_1/1152.short",
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0017261",
"http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104751"
] | [
-2.6505343914031982,
0.3258971571922302,
1.8464409112930298,
2.03682279586792,
-0.30150529742240906,
-0.6334261894226074,
-2.1149659156799316,
0.9108673930168152,
1.2013343572616577,
-0.6262598633766174,
2.958648681640625,
-0.4373546242713928,
-2.7858877182006836,
-0.02390730381011963,
-1.432197093963623,
-0.4120877981185913,
-0.43101996183395386,
-2.255242109298706,
-3.55999493598938,
-0.5160278081893921,
3.4071927070617676,
2.9835948944091797,
0.5952783823013306,
0.18693895637989044,
-3.716623306274414,
-2.600395917892456,
-1.743757963180542,
-1.2084829807281494,
0.40803253650665283,
-1.0934295654296875,
1.6289223432540894,
2.6073505878448486,
0.9588325023651123,
-3.348935604095459,
-0.24046540260314941,
0.6443567276000977,
1.6975085735321045,
0.5890730023384094,
-1.0241286754608154,
1.9092224836349487,
1.0251128673553467,
-2.228041172027588,
-2.646852493286133,
0.8687021732330322,
-0.7080918550491333,
2.608067035675049,
-0.21102602779865265,
0.7388856410980225,
-0.73441082239151,
2.106010675430298,
-2.5992817878723145,
-0.9564538598060608,
-1.322695016860962,
2.760650157928467,
1.1072280406951904,
-3.3600852489471436,
-2.5849268436431885,
-3.13481068611145,
-1.5293360948562622,
0.2989529073238373,
-0.9163212180137634,
3.9651429653167725,
1.1959776878356934,
2.3820173740386963,
6.463559150695801,
3.1640827655792236,
1.541979432106018,
-1.1051249504089355,
1.321518898010254,
2.8986082077026367,
3.9773683547973633,
-0.1996210366487503,
-0.5908714532852173,
1.0586508512496948,
0.17266711592674255,
0.051521629095077515,
-1.4660484790802002,
2.2407069206237793,
1.9226707220077515,
-0.08434288203716278,
-0.6853690147399902,
1.6846882104873657,
-0.2842087745666504,
-1.1783473491668701,
-3.1332485675811768,
0.8676944971084595,
-1.281307578086853,
-0.23440584540367126,
-2.605051279067993,
0.053380005061626434,
-3.4900474548339844,
-3.1432342529296875,
-0.05532701313495636,
3.0520706176757812,
2.494889497756958,
4.439091682434082,
-4.190709114074707,
-5.974088191986084,
-2.535038471221924,
-1.2297405004501343,
-6.137378692626953,
-0.6245352029800415,
-3.5606777667999268,
4.129665374755859,
-0.31698301434516907,
-3.1346869468688965,
-2.2132766246795654,
-0.2592982053756714,
1.4903439283370972,
3.451295852661133,
-3.4728095531463623,
-1.135295033454895,
3.324402093887329,
2.7781033515930176,
-1.1259337663650513,
-3.4994916915893555,
3.0988709926605225,
-1.4683173894882202,
-2.3647525310516357,
2.8385019302368164,
1.1491222381591797,
-0.5673630237579346,
-0.5342330932617188,
-0.15011464059352875,
2.494469404220581,
1.511560320854187,
-4.727735996246338,
4.072360515594482,
1.5416088104248047,
-2.2415642738342285,
4.858222484588623,
0.3056045174598694,
-1.6872074604034424,
-0.1651126593351364,
-0.42295676469802856,
-3.094094753265381,
0.8433541059494019,
-0.7037789225578308,
-3.0323991775512695,
-0.7874477505683899,
-0.8573194742202759,
1.9455524682998657,
-0.8988285660743713,
1.1331390142440796,
-1.3309543132781982,
4.5333943367004395,
5.4745283126831055,
0.2679712176322937,
-1.1124742031097412,
-2.451308488845825,
-1.1148608922958374,
-2.568978786468506,
1.6094703674316406,
1.7387795448303223,
-2.900294065475464,
-1.651505947113037,
-1.2375774383544922,
-0.8288918733596802,
1.2417627573013306,
1.1593425273895264,
-2.171649217605591,
0.8282027244567871,
-1.525632381439209,
-0.06226964294910431,
5.032086372375488,
0.005533128976821899,
-1.0957250595092773,
-0.5260486602783203,
-0.3132217526435852,
-1.293619990348816,
1.3821160793304443,
0.7379401922225952,
1.7716437578201294,
-2.1937663555145264,
5.028208255767822,
-0.6331884264945984,
-2.844698667526245,
0.10473734140396118,
-1.7821213006973267,
1.3323965072631836,
3.5535833835601807,
-5.051921367645264,
-0.04492662847042084,
-0.8802366256713867,
-2.3159778118133545,
-2.1859130859375,
-3.9226486682891846,
0.5083569288253784,
1.7952537536621094,
-1.9169187545776367,
0.865462601184845,
-2.3018007278442383,
-0.14315839111804962,
-1.0666613578796387,
-0.5686283111572266,
-4.614867210388184,
-0.6896868348121643,
2.152721643447876,
2.7054507732391357,
-2.8517768383026123,
-2.6855669021606445,
2.4987595081329346,
-2.5841071605682373,
-0.8039986491203308,
0.3825300931930542,
-1.220477819442749,
1.9775445461273193,
-1.7728254795074463,
2.4581363201141357,
-2.555842399597168,
-1.0050290822982788,
5.383639335632324,
-0.33930087089538574,
-2.4809417724609375,
-2.5338125228881836,
2.167747974395752,
2.015471935272217,
2.086122512817383,
-0.4377385079860687,
1.6136603355407715,
-4.6555256843566895,
-1.578129768371582,
1.765402913093567,
-3.1455893516540527,
-0.8546069860458374,
-1.5362974405288696,
-2.2360472679138184,
2.524494171142578,
-1.3453936576843262,
0.09629368782043457,
1.3711307048797607,
1.2406325340270996,
3.221768379211426,
2.7427978515625,
-0.7912631630897522,
0.025164395570755005,
2.418449640274048,
-1.9256020784378052,
1.4924979209899902,
1.9583300352096558,
-1.7063403129577637,
3.5038084983825684,
0.6099211573600769,
-0.10264579951763153,
-3.6203532218933105,
5.043466567993164,
-3.372804641723633,
-0.6048657298088074,
0.026239465922117233,
3.0127477645874023,
-1.8301894664764404,
1.99943208694458,
-3.6578481197357178,
-2.2350106239318848,
-0.04363636672496796,
0.0341629758477211,
0.5845534801483154,
-1.1741151809692383,
2.1341583728790283,
1.476383090019226,
-1.2784521579742432,
-2.56009578704834,
-0.1721421182155609,
-2.693671941757202,
2.43691349029541,
1.5837876796722412,
2.958911895751953,
-1.009447455406189,
3.1055283546447754,
-3.249814510345459,
1.1247680187225342,
-0.6271098256111145,
8.043875694274902,
1.1183538436889648,
2.880849838256836,
0.5449042320251465,
1.7644420862197876,
0.0669884979724884,
-0.6627821326255798,
-1.6883732080459595,
-0.5232376456260681,
-6.200355052947998,
-0.3091249465942383,
0.7719044089317322,
-2.3618593215942383,
0.10369917750358582,
2.1735520362854004,
-1.0155047178268433,
-1.8313539028167725,
-1.7545171976089478,
-1.4519997835159302,
-1.8092548847198486,
3.9953737258911133,
0.2805522084236145,
3.27199125289917,
-2.4443790912628174,
-1.842436671257019,
-2.7049756050109863,
-1.0134638547897339,
0.3692924380302429,
-1.648512601852417,
0.8782803416252136,
0.11155913770198822,
-2.485593318939209,
-3.7696104049682617,
0.5597940683364868,
3.541431427001953,
0.9523524045944214,
1.9402098655700684,
-3.065037965774536,
-1.1592453718185425,
0.3326210379600525,
-0.5236473083496094,
1.3330233097076416,
-3.394395589828491,
1.171440839767456,
-7.557839870452881,
-2.0071566104888916,
-0.7453913688659668,
1.6757185459136963,
4.772096157073975,
-0.23738548159599304,
-0.3337196111679077,
2.2182536125183105,
0.5867711305618286,
0.5116204023361206,
-1.048902153968811,
2.961482048034668,
0.42548900842666626,
3.9810714721679688,
-1.9791090488433838,
7.329165935516357,
5.309055328369141,
-1.4302568435668945,
1.7996141910552979,
-1.0870094299316406,
-0.6525595188140869,
3.924024820327759,
-1.5047740936279297,
-1.19853937625885,
-0.4484373927116394,
-1.3111741542816162,
1.7150113582611084,
1.6017018556594849,
1.6501672267913818,
-5.718015193939209,
2.9967291355133057,
3.9314372539520264,
-3.4010162353515625,
2.0601589679718018,
2.6952967643737793,
2.394981861114502,
1.78042471408844,
0.8937931060791016,
4.053755283355713,
-2.0914671421051025,
0.3001134991645813,
3.766521453857422,
0.20702636241912842,
1.7887191772460938,
-0.38255512714385986,
-1.2479255199432373,
-0.6329927444458008,
3.3025121688842773,
-2.071446657180786,
-0.9158074259757996,
-1.496643304824829,
1.7383642196655273,
1.1176080703735352,
-0.6066843271255493,
-0.4607422649860382,
2.4073071479797363,
-0.5971944332122803,
-1.9137506484985352,
-1.6641029119491577,
-2.747960090637207,
0.25011375546455383,
-1.398152470588684,
2.3101108074188232,
3.665329933166504,
3.3828675746917725,
-0.4932623505592346,
5.302552223205566,
-1.110162377357483
] |
|
can someone please explain to me long branch attraction with regards to parsimony analysis? | from what i've read i think it involves..... since there are only 4 nucleotides its very likely that during evolution, separate taxa will have evolved, independently, the same nucleotide for a particular site, and will be grouped because of it? is that right? | you have the gist of it. in the maximum parsimony method of phylogenetic reconstruction, one searches for the tree requiring the fewest evolutionary events to explain the observed data (assuming irreversible changes in the character state tree) in a non-parametric statistical framework. lba occurs when there is a high frequency of parallel changes causing sequences to arrive at the same character state by accelerated rates of evolutionary change. if you'd like to see the math, check out [felsenstein](_url_0_)'s 1978 article "cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading". [bergsten](_url_1_) did an excellent review of testing for and dealing with lba. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.jstor.org/stable/2412923",
"https://insects.tamu.edu/entocourses/ento606/Suggested%20Readings/Bergsten_2005.pdf"
] | [
-2.5119738578796387,
-0.0590752512216568,
-0.2760923504829407,
-0.10095658153295517,
-1.1937588453292847,
-0.007987014949321747,
-1.1275826692581177,
0.42847734689712524,
0.15441936254501343,
-1.3860599994659424,
1.4991813898086548,
0.04805603623390198,
0.10031589865684509,
-0.5504816174507141,
-1.4966322183609009,
-0.4915062487125397,
-0.16588705778121948,
-0.2684859037399292,
-0.8216910362243652,
0.13498395681381226,
0.37623482942581177,
0.0683758556842804,
-0.9294992089271545,
1.3607487678527832,
-0.42558303475379944,
-0.3444911539554596,
-0.07172241806983948,
0.6185778379440308,
-0.24396075308322906,
-1.850503921508789,
0.006333887577056885,
1.0076076984405518,
0.8079189658164978,
-0.02628341317176819,
0.024188712239265442,
-0.05747447907924652,
0.30819669365882874,
-1.4443011283874512,
-0.01103585958480835,
1.1656184196472168,
-0.23743504285812378,
-0.2257191240787506,
0.11771142482757568,
0.7076468467712402,
-0.7393232583999634,
0.45490455627441406,
-0.19420288503170013,
1.145432472229004,
-1.3806604146957397,
0.1852061152458191,
0.1420205533504486,
-0.11872100830078125,
-0.9219595193862915,
-1.6082452535629272,
0.2702474594116211,
-0.2103908658027649,
0.2688451409339905,
-0.8720375299453735,
0.5445619225502014,
-1.1183292865753174,
1.649074912071228,
0.34068816900253296,
-1.3546180725097656,
1.1489673852920532,
1.8578169345855713,
0.19286060333251953,
0.29340922832489014,
-0.11742538213729858,
0.5532610416412354,
2.0491769313812256,
-0.4806094765663147,
0.21397995948791504,
-2.5542547702789307,
0.738791823387146,
-0.06927582621574402,
0.7585281729698181,
-0.04394856467843056,
0.9648681282997131,
-0.14651358127593994,
-1.7221457958221436,
-0.267466276884079,
-0.8345810174942017,
-1.02017343044281,
-0.06357650458812714,
-0.04917741194367409,
0.42529669404029846,
1.3048615455627441,
-0.2974433898925781,
0.3628856837749481,
0.3624728322029114,
0.8153316974639893,
-0.7546747922897339,
-0.23938091099262238,
0.6897172927856445,
-1.5811446905136108,
2.5216681957244873,
0.686618447303772,
-0.5094579458236694,
2.3573009967803955,
1.2947068214416504,
0.06537580490112305,
0.7897812724113464,
-0.1479872465133667,
0.17814624309539795,
-1.0063421726226807,
-2.1204798221588135,
-1.06508469581604,
-0.0837133377790451,
0.48027992248535156,
0.696347713470459,
0.8860126733779907,
-1.0216983556747437,
1.2236998081207275,
1.2508254051208496,
-0.36004698276519775,
-0.6391575932502747,
1.9570527076721191,
-0.1902189701795578,
-0.437773734331131,
-0.01809421181678772,
-0.6924620866775513,
-1.2698112726211548,
0.8584202527999878,
0.35203641653060913,
0.06445662677288055,
0.9479371309280396,
-1.3337681293487549,
1.0196809768676758,
0.8908817172050476,
-1.5767498016357422,
1.3101880550384521,
-1.702230453491211,
0.0830278992652893,
-0.23236000537872314,
-0.8516175746917725,
-0.9901418685913086,
-0.2743557095527649,
-0.07350510358810425,
-0.986225426197052,
1.2146728038787842,
-0.7133921980857849,
-0.8192340135574341,
-0.08111555874347687,
0.1243157833814621,
-0.44934624433517456,
2.2970705032348633,
0.2003123164176941,
0.165788471698761,
-0.1647024154663086,
-0.547218918800354,
0.7445144653320312,
-1.2338157892227173,
0.4536706209182739,
-0.2586575746536255,
0.33625298738479614,
-1.575228214263916,
0.4893818497657776,
1.1984091997146606,
1.5447965860366821,
0.7837032675743103,
-1.3206698894500732,
1.115293264389038,
1.1652131080627441,
0.5915318131446838,
1.5358244180679321,
-0.19407910108566284,
-0.7147398591041565,
0.337024450302124,
1.2380784749984741,
0.44322478771209717,
0.560829758644104,
0.348753958940506,
0.9121949672698975,
-0.8633750081062317,
0.6367908120155334,
-0.325376033782959,
-0.22686722874641418,
-0.04986909031867981,
-0.7799016237258911,
1.1542236804962158,
0.4552856981754303,
-0.6309050917625427,
0.90031898021698,
1.220048189163208,
-1.2939873933792114,
-0.48607397079467773,
0.4543136656284332,
0.39883965253829956,
-0.12273620069026947,
0.6542519927024841,
0.5326274633407593,
-1.0976778268814087,
-0.29065045714378357,
0.307680606842041,
-1.6192295551300049,
-0.724210262298584,
1.157189965248108,
0.0013474524021148682,
1.0845359563827515,
-0.5053802132606506,
-0.9668943881988525,
-0.5319185256958008,
0.6629674434661865,
-1.2823281288146973,
0.8210490345954895,
0.6074591875076294,
0.7397757768630981,
-1.692196011543274,
-1.2301048040390015,
0.3776244521141052,
-0.021148085594177246,
-1.3517658710479736,
-1.5266417264938354,
0.8758283853530884,
-0.11667202413082123,
-0.2593633532524109,
-0.6891907453536987,
-0.36957094073295593,
-0.5038571953773499,
0.3475993871688843,
-0.37995508313179016,
-0.5818506479263306,
0.8635592460632324,
-1.2701773643493652,
-1.4298732280731201,
-1.8149378299713135,
-0.21588394045829773,
0.662811279296875,
-0.09138704836368561,
-0.41899266839027405,
-0.9497848749160767,
0.5590158104896545,
0.15052485466003418,
-0.5159098505973816,
1.4136981964111328,
0.29701942205429077,
1.294158697128296,
-0.7231727242469788,
0.32474666833877563,
-0.9192804098129272,
0.6275002360343933,
-1.0302624702453613,
-0.8499101996421814,
0.95116126537323,
0.09344213455915451,
0.2321653515100479,
-0.29239705204963684,
0.9727938771247864,
-0.11296331137418747,
0.009258061647415161,
-1.561784267425537,
-0.3895885944366455,
-1.6800328493118286,
0.4485735297203064,
0.1439981460571289,
0.601148784160614,
-0.8547833561897278,
0.22538086771965027,
-0.9631256461143494,
-0.011097073554992676,
1.5766825675964355,
0.5085825324058533,
0.410618394613266,
-0.1095014214515686,
1.435807466506958,
1.2545907497406006,
0.6358017921447754,
-1.13576340675354,
0.5863690376281738,
-0.49715739488601685,
0.2774651050567627,
0.26574814319610596,
0.01606370508670807,
-0.35010001063346863,
1.9182857275009155,
0.04179362952709198,
1.0210927724838257,
-0.28974246978759766,
-0.9996224045753479,
-0.9209316968917847,
0.31231915950775146,
-0.6659426689147949,
-0.25512707233428955,
1.2931920289993286,
-1.5722745656967163,
-0.1476171612739563,
0.607214093208313,
0.5657700896263123,
-0.5116345882415771,
-1.1134167909622192,
-1.6087709665298462,
-1.2439817190170288,
0.7879140973091125,
-0.4536859393119812,
0.05999755859375,
0.5461524724960327,
-1.1059093475341797,
0.528623640537262,
1.4690783023834229,
-0.04816406965255737,
-1.2295925617218018,
0.0746242105960846,
-0.196042001247406,
0.2143266499042511,
-2.6078991889953613,
1.1250931024551392,
0.6911416053771973,
0.8757762908935547,
2.0251173973083496,
-1.369544506072998,
-0.7946982383728027,
-0.6592371463775635,
-0.17056022584438324,
1.1852165460586548,
-0.31936389207839966,
0.7829254865646362,
-1.8775466680526733,
1.4676167964935303,
0.9627326726913452,
0.5058594942092896,
1.3812227249145508,
-0.6112815141677856,
-0.3765718936920166,
1.2166473865509033,
0.7507681846618652,
0.8180264830589294,
-0.6079325079917908,
-0.9582960605621338,
-0.20963171124458313,
-0.506294846534729,
0.19430644810199738,
1.2068334817886353,
0.5095701217651367,
0.11824123561382294,
0.39909034967422485,
0.1115850955247879,
0.1011132299900055,
0.6551307439804077,
-1.3345223665237427,
1.1011959314346313,
-0.533258318901062,
0.32581207156181335,
0.813483715057373,
-0.4584488272666931,
0.18602262437343597,
-0.10141520947217941,
0.12093985080718994,
-0.15314190089702606,
-1.621654987335205,
-0.2867625951766968,
0.3812011480331421,
1.329856276512146,
0.005716763436794281,
-0.41565120220184326,
2.2417919635772705,
0.3114652931690216,
-0.7298216819763184,
0.6176944375038147,
-0.3976970911026001,
0.45045191049575806,
1.0581525564193726,
-0.1796836405992508,
-1.6090176105499268,
1.7025541067123413,
0.06861323118209839,
0.2286548912525177,
-1.1882121562957764,
0.5695338845252991,
0.21653997898101807,
-0.09506121277809143,
0.25061237812042236,
0.8821229934692383,
0.4993012845516205,
-0.7748808264732361,
-0.7072867751121521,
-0.4954991042613983,
0.9003477096557617,
-0.913114070892334,
-1.1202155351638794,
0.5107011795043945,
1.2490118741989136,
-0.8172403573989868,
1.6516048908233643,
0.06859427690505981
] |
is there any research on how monks are able to set themselves on fire and sit calmly? | or more generally, is there research on the ability for people to use things like meditation to block out pain? | i have only a passing familiarity with his research, but [richard davidson](_url_0_) studies the neuroscience of meditation. you'd have difficulty studying how someone blocks extreme pain due to the obvious irb issues. edit: just based on a ctrl+f of his cv, you might start with perlman, d. m., salomons, t. v., davidson, r. j., & lutz, a. (2010). [differential effects on pain intensity and unpleasantness of two meditation practices.](_url_1_) emotion, 10(1), 65–71. pmcid: pmc2859822 (somewhat speculative follows) my best interpretation, along with what of this work i've seen, is that meditation trains the monks' ability to focus attention. so basically just not focusing on the pain, except they're a lot better at it than the layman. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://psyphz.psych.wisc.edu/web/personnel/director.html",
"http://brainimaging.waisman.wisc.edu/publications/2010/PerlmanDifferentialEmotion.pdf"
] | [
-1.1470787525177002,
-1.4164085388183594,
1.15540611743927,
1.0327646732330322,
-1.211035132408142,
-0.33726978302001953,
-0.09972909837961197,
0.02043941617012024,
0.847253680229187,
0.0007775723934173584,
0.6775870323181152,
0.9666745066642761,
-0.24787619709968567,
0.901678204536438,
0.06589062511920929,
0.12510111927986145,
0.6251250505447388,
-1.344793677330017,
-1.8467768430709839,
1.8707771301269531,
-0.7534748911857605,
0.460679829120636,
1.2045179605484009,
-0.28653818368911743,
-0.24874679744243622,
-0.5028648972511292,
-0.12945342063903809,
-1.0271090269088745,
0.30998140573501587,
-0.15784752368927002,
-0.37814992666244507,
-0.5163902640342712,
-1.0169233083724976,
-1.449561357498169,
-0.6169333457946777,
1.2992125749588013,
-1.4948656558990479,
0.637496829032898,
0.71190345287323,
-0.30241358280181885,
0.07269322872161865,
0.8011088967323303,
0.43902164697647095,
1.1945222616195679,
1.2888405323028564,
0.9989951848983765,
0.3356960713863373,
-1.0993931293487549,
-0.15276195108890533,
1.236853003501892,
-1.2704483270645142,
-0.09606695175170898,
0.3312830924987793,
-0.0783473551273346,
-1.074194073677063,
-0.6900297403335571,
-0.8402983546257019,
1.0223098993301392,
-1.4361813068389893,
1.4528907537460327,
-0.8671029806137085,
-0.03598650544881821,
-2.207249641418457,
1.4332408905029297,
1.7750473022460938,
1.9968897104263306,
0.0074107348918914795,
-1.8382713794708252,
0.6054899096488953,
1.3602571487426758,
-0.21827799081802368,
-0.6849881410598755,
0.9223521947860718,
-0.329610675573349,
0.4014682471752167,
-2.201401710510254,
-0.7242589592933655,
0.7901974320411682,
-0.9173600673675537,
-1.3687151670455933,
1.0755292177200317,
-0.32878240942955017,
0.15687906742095947,
0.9042738676071167,
0.09438347071409225,
0.6272812485694885,
1.5134797096252441,
-0.43906402587890625,
1.1660829782485962,
0.4012073874473572,
0.23626133799552917,
0.07749581336975098,
-0.9015859365463257,
-0.7154698967933655,
0.9450325965881348,
-0.3656267523765564,
0.2896376848220825,
0.44393622875213623,
-2.5285022258758545,
0.6251803636550903,
-0.5786532163619995,
1.3905888795852661,
-2.3542468547821045,
1.1695053577423096,
0.4245435893535614,
-0.803613543510437,
0.07569968700408936,
-0.8435752987861633,
-1.6383252143859863,
0.7419223785400391,
0.8292484879493713,
-0.4758588373661041,
-0.40580910444259644,
-1.6908910274505615,
-0.7608966827392578,
0.09505341947078705,
0.27460014820098877,
0.7294072508811951,
1.3580589294433594,
-1.1498935222625732,
0.0568867027759552,
-1.5795257091522217,
0.5470954179763794,
0.6483630537986755,
0.7786199450492859,
-1.1497989892959595,
-0.804709792137146,
1.120685338973999,
0.7754369974136353,
0.05120290815830231,
0.4549825191497803,
-0.7156089544296265,
-0.066998690366745,
-0.2943686246871948,
-0.6003812551498413,
-0.14952844381332397,
1.6810964345932007,
-3.666923761367798,
-0.24804720282554626,
0.37640154361724854,
0.9123992919921875,
0.10032631456851959,
-0.1641189604997635,
0.3806198537349701,
0.39587146043777466,
0.4092940092086792,
-0.09683862328529358,
-2.589266538619995,
0.046597592532634735,
0.04374018684029579,
-1.050661325454712,
0.4578000605106354,
0.5583409667015076,
-0.1896093487739563,
1.4002084732055664,
0.2783593535423279,
-1.3010451793670654,
-0.19964894652366638,
-1.3480710983276367,
0.06502555310726166,
-1.473646640777588,
0.14402753114700317,
0.01211712509393692,
1.3125463724136353,
1.2561595439910889,
0.7753005623817444,
-0.2387256920337677,
-1.0310437679290771,
-0.3489421606063843,
0.9883154630661011,
0.6134253144264221,
-1.0047552585601807,
-1.0562821626663208,
0.7206821441650391,
0.03953060507774353,
0.41455385088920593,
-1.25287663936615,
-2.005636215209961,
0.03455033898353577,
0.26766133308410645,
1.3213651180267334,
-0.5655913352966309,
0.266166627407074,
0.90458083152771,
-1.4261404275894165,
0.4519023597240448,
-0.7125303745269775,
1.3339499235153198,
0.6840983033180237,
-0.6727150082588196,
-0.046043217182159424,
-0.3000481128692627,
-1.1378334760665894,
0.2776917815208435,
-1.6635903120040894,
-0.4767313003540039,
0.04554136097431183,
0.06054241955280304,
-1.8332126140594482,
0.9248262047767639,
0.11232221126556396,
-0.9194902777671814,
0.1901620477437973,
-1.7113410234451294,
-1.1644123792648315,
-0.8270901441574097,
-1.142359733581543,
0.04571433365345001,
0.9777682423591614,
-1.314051628112793,
-1.0465245246887207,
0.6569598317146301,
0.06798425316810608,
-1.5274581909179688,
0.40004631876945496,
0.12458084523677826,
-1.5561578273773193,
-0.005804695188999176,
-0.2757576107978821,
1.0825929641723633,
0.7533731460571289,
-0.38066941499710083,
-0.1911027729511261,
-1.654927372932434,
-1.00153386592865,
-1.1376878023147583,
0.19651377201080322,
2.3603997230529785,
-0.956362247467041,
1.0302155017852783,
0.391591876745224,
-0.549269437789917,
1.2338759899139404,
1.8178740739822388,
-0.09048813581466675,
-0.23997195065021515,
-1.0972895622253418,
0.004367567598819733,
-0.2610127031803131,
-0.5889898538589478,
-1.170894742012024,
0.30517280101776123,
-0.47328606247901917,
0.6596478223800659,
0.08008769154548645,
0.9256404638290405,
0.47633472084999084,
-0.4307834506034851,
1.43998384475708,
1.4207099676132202,
0.9082730412483215,
0.2812109589576721,
-1.4601881504058838,
0.24494753777980804,
-0.032196156680583954,
1.9658530950546265,
-1.9336445331573486,
-0.5442116260528564,
-0.048790156841278076,
1.7407453060150146,
0.2997882664203644,
1.3977305889129639,
-0.8449425101280212,
0.002959584817290306,
2.0121195316314697,
0.6858207583427429,
-0.1510004997253418,
1.1631293296813965,
-1.185272455215454,
0.24729126691818237,
-1.3659558296203613,
-0.6408290863037109,
-0.48589858412742615,
0.8540369868278503,
1.423140287399292,
-0.439566969871521,
-0.3141438961029053,
-1.6478029489517212,
-0.6336395740509033,
-1.6309633255004883,
-0.3339936435222626,
-3.078521251678467,
-0.8799379467964172,
0.0792282372713089,
0.5949757695198059,
-0.1335887610912323,
-0.43813982605934143,
-0.3370954394340515,
0.11446207761764526,
-0.24652090668678284,
0.18295249342918396,
2.461538076400757,
0.5818420052528381,
-0.22548380494117737,
0.3670805096626282,
-1.2918238639831543,
0.623598575592041,
-0.16358307003974915,
0.8163641691207886,
-0.04042574763298035,
1.379834532737732,
-2.1298370361328125,
-1.4841419458389282,
-0.34709668159484863,
0.3852105438709259,
-0.8443191051483154,
0.44106680154800415,
0.07011142373085022,
-1.2130004167556763,
2.3543572425842285,
0.600403368473053,
0.7717238664627075,
-0.6183978915214539,
1.262009859085083,
-0.7329255938529968,
1.143589735031128,
-0.21331240236759186,
0.23234105110168457,
-0.2379155158996582,
-0.06981019675731659,
-0.013057924807071686,
-1.3072407245635986,
-0.0673663318157196,
1.2046383619308472,
0.018703341484069824,
0.25402989983558655,
-1.0835416316986084,
0.4503752589225769,
-2.2237982749938965,
0.8459472060203552,
0.7299695014953613,
0.4286232888698578,
0.49690359830856323,
1.066717267036438,
0.22766008973121643,
-0.027749568223953247,
0.14286653697490692,
0.5086719989776611,
-1.1520154476165771,
-0.8355691432952881,
0.9500540494918823,
-0.0919237807393074,
0.7712574005126953,
-0.7486789226531982,
1.0007236003875732,
1.1595877408981323,
-0.365645170211792,
0.7217626571655273,
-0.9527682065963745,
0.43243253231048584,
0.6508896946907043,
1.5189003944396973,
0.14730331301689148,
0.11591272801160812,
0.8865543603897095,
0.04740361124277115,
0.9994878768920898,
-0.3031877279281616,
0.8774298429489136,
1.167048454284668,
-0.09421765804290771,
0.01219351589679718,
0.9656143188476562,
3.1692347526550293,
-0.38957929611206055,
-0.2910324037075043,
0.10730695724487305,
-0.8967140913009644,
1.2102073431015015,
1.1205286979675293,
1.2521201372146606,
0.8540633916854858,
1.7225488424301147,
0.6372108459472656,
0.23905925452709198,
-0.09510020166635513,
0.43744516372680664,
-0.04214153066277504,
-2.3127498626708984,
1.3647626638412476,
2.6323330402374268,
0.6483500003814697,
0.684249997138977,
1.4809757471084595
] |
what is used to date old stone tablets? | i was curious and tried to find the oldest known piece of writing and in seeing all the stone tablets i was wondering how their age is determined. with old papyrus or parchment they can use radiocarbon dating to find out when the paper was made to have a rough idea. i know rocks can be dated using different radioactive dating and magnetic dating techniques but that just tells you when the stone was made not when the story was written. even if you date the layer they are in wouldn't that just tell you when that rock was created? | quite so, it can be something of a conundrum. but we are in luck as there are several different datation techniques, both direct and indirect, which can add layers of information about the history of a stone artefact such as an engraved tablet. so lets just clear out of the way most direct geochronological methods such as u-pb: those will give you the age of crystallisation of the rock itself. could be a few million years, could be a few billion ... this isn't helping you date the "tablet" at all... what we seek is some way of estimating the date at which that piece of rock was picked up, transformed, and disposed of. there are a few direct methods which allow for that, such as [fission track dating](_url_1_) and [luminescence dating](_url_3_). however not all geological materials are suited those methods, and you might be reluctant to partially destroy this hypothetical tablet to take the small sample required. so, what then? welp ... there might be secondary materials coating the tablet ... pigments, soot, lichen encrustations and several of those are amenable to direct geochronological methods such as c^14 ; so there is that. otherwise, you'll need to pass by some indirect method to establish a correlation with something else which is directly dateable. the key to that usually passes by a fine understanding of the [stratigraphy](_url_0_) within which the artefact was found. somewhere within this stratigraphy might be materials, fossils, pollens or isotopic signatures which will allow you to either set an age for the specific horizon where the artifact was found, or to bracket that age by dating strata below and above it. for instance, at the laetoli hominid site, there are several discrete horizons of laterally continuous and extensive volcanic ash distributed through the stratigraphy; [most of these volcanic event horizons were directly dated though weither u-pb or k-ar methods](_url_2_). detailled mapping allows to locate finds, such as stone tools or even the famous footprints, within this timescale and estimate their age. addd to that an understanding of the sedimentation rates and you can refine the age estimate of pretty much anything found between two dated horizons to a pretty good degree. | 4 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_track_dating",
"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-9956-3_4#page-1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence_dating"
] | [
-2.8469321727752686,
5.271650791168213,
2.560922384262085,
0.8756972551345825,
0.2224486917257309,
-2.3605332374572754,
-2.7929704189300537,
-1.5425608158111572,
0.6875788569450378,
-1.1016713380813599,
2.2159841060638428,
-1.7184467315673828,
1.2542424201965332,
-0.41765427589416504,
0.5924095511436462,
1.4137084484100342,
-4.010768413543701,
0.19845381379127502,
-0.5932462215423584,
0.0115794837474823,
4.289227485656738,
1.6842759847640991,
-1.4663165807724,
0.37220650911331177,
-0.8844187259674072,
0.37997347116470337,
-1.2633942365646362,
-0.6307478547096252,
2.3017756938934326,
-1.211808681488037,
-0.4548862874507904,
3.5739052295684814,
-5.969480514526367,
0.17657975852489471,
3.0746679306030273,
0.6508936882019043,
-2.2349939346313477,
2.2952117919921875,
2.7663581371307373,
1.7419464588165283,
-0.2945895791053772,
2.039323091506958,
2.1237800121307373,
2.8344790935516357,
0.10136482119560242,
3.217982530593872,
2.6346209049224854,
1.2742767333984375,
-6.589221000671387,
0.8051801919937134,
-0.9813101291656494,
-2.7935965061187744,
-4.121792316436768,
-2.668194532394409,
-2.4985804557800293,
-1.3104557991027832,
1.0132396221160889,
-1.2930707931518555,
-0.9974595308303833,
-3.5968098640441895,
3.1171088218688965,
0.771187961101532,
-4.2662577629089355,
0.75199294090271,
2.442904472351074,
1.729872226715088,
-0.25861042737960815,
-1.2670245170593262,
4.242086410522461,
1.5740807056427002,
1.6144554615020752,
0.9920937418937683,
-4.199358940124512,
-0.4970458149909973,
0.980599045753479,
-0.6919795870780945,
-0.46387067437171936,
2.9762122631073,
-4.229255676269531,
-6.838151931762695,
-0.4866630434989929,
2.528913974761963,
1.1990517377853394,
-0.11647920310497284,
-0.9442387223243713,
1.4036879539489746,
-0.24339158833026886,
5.263700485229492,
-0.6540237665176392,
0.10857748985290527,
5.021122455596924,
-1.377970576286316,
-2.080836772918701,
2.1157097816467285,
-1.3490331172943115,
4.201228618621826,
1.4187345504760742,
-1.087891697883606,
6.111612319946289,
0.8131489157676697,
-1.548589825630188,
3.32258939743042,
-7.1877827644348145,
-0.11805923283100128,
-0.9159842133522034,
-1.811352014541626,
0.12242916226387024,
0.25699740648269653,
3.234776496887207,
2.6241261959075928,
-0.19095683097839355,
-1.2364853620529175,
0.30932381749153137,
-1.6095200777053833,
-1.2450108528137207,
-3.9408175945281982,
-0.7523013949394226,
0.5679233074188232,
-3.2267861366271973,
-5.020240306854248,
1.6574064493179321,
-0.9148121476173401,
2.0125832557678223,
3.075862169265747,
-1.601357102394104,
0.013151615858078003,
0.2516447901725769,
3.1064376831054688,
5.295125484466553,
2.382829189300537,
1.6442337036132812,
-1.9309204816818237,
1.3904340267181396,
-0.1075725257396698,
-0.21130719780921936,
-2.889096260070801,
0.03672187402844429,
-1.1179949045181274,
-2.3454253673553467,
3.955531120300293,
-2.8290040493011475,
0.29101133346557617,
1.5897091627120972,
1.2177138328552246,
1.7152254581451416,
4.425227165222168,
1.3249198198318481,
-1.3378119468688965,
0.020453330129384995,
-7.379955291748047,
-1.8338050842285156,
-4.675546646118164,
1.6854280233383179,
2.5095527172088623,
0.6201202273368835,
0.024799615144729614,
-3.97757887840271,
0.7239571809768677,
2.3730924129486084,
-0.1315619945526123,
-1.4227094650268555,
0.9663395881652832,
1.8716092109680176,
3.5424153804779053,
2.2971301078796387,
-2.55083966255188,
-1.0496476888656616,
-2.5375969409942627,
5.388611793518066,
-0.5638682842254639,
2.1667706966400146,
-0.5367538928985596,
4.323922157287598,
-1.7439470291137695,
-0.015473494306206703,
0.36306530237197876,
-3.294140577316284,
0.8222894668579102,
-1.2964249849319458,
3.2951877117156982,
-2.236041307449341,
-3.1153335571289062,
2.4369983673095703,
2.9483132362365723,
-1.5767004489898682,
-2.773267984390259,
1.060028076171875,
3.304229497909546,
3.498856544494629,
2.944796323776245,
1.5807390213012695,
0.23031318187713623,
-1.2092607021331787,
2.0755255222320557,
-2.3214375972747803,
0.3520815074443817,
2.1842479705810547,
0.829265832901001,
-3.4508602619171143,
1.141160011291504,
-2.050490379333496,
-1.4754611253738403,
-0.8288089036941528,
-1.1144981384277344,
1.510591745376587,
-0.4722954034805298,
6.867510795593262,
1.2052937746047974,
-4.865464210510254,
2.197627544403076,
-0.48594534397125244,
-3.712183713912964,
-2.938532829284668,
-0.08752363920211792,
2.8035457134246826,
-0.7096617221832275,
-3.025926113128662,
-2.184709072113037,
-4.096746921539307,
-0.4877953827381134,
-2.329843521118164,
-4.624628067016602,
0.3319038152694702,
-3.9981250762939453,
-0.768452525138855,
-2.051780939102173,
1.458027958869934,
0.7605344653129578,
-1.1195658445358276,
-1.2926945686340332,
-0.2189406305551529,
1.5515862703323364,
3.856471538543701,
2.2717690467834473,
-1.1566823720932007,
-1.9563335180282593,
4.0276641845703125,
-5.663821220397949,
1.3814853429794312,
0.20599119365215302,
-0.6912282109260559,
-0.3947793245315552,
-1.435300350189209,
0.5410622954368591,
-3.967244863510132,
-0.6329021453857422,
-4.037073135375977,
-2.2462451457977295,
2.1372992992401123,
1.2816054821014404,
-2.867366075515747,
-7.099005699157715,
-4.2926025390625,
2.6358230113983154,
-2.9987528324127197,
-0.9779285192489624,
-1.5971782207489014,
0.3832513689994812,
-4.644495487213135,
2.563234329223633,
4.958021640777588,
-2.5146570205688477,
-2.8218283653259277,
-1.6700359582901,
4.85809326171875,
5.066259860992432,
1.9529378414154053,
-0.39215797185897827,
-3.2935283184051514,
-0.3050922453403473,
-3.204339027404785,
3.263413906097412,
1.9298079013824463,
2.404982089996338,
6.3969221115112305,
1.4592334032058716,
1.26189386844635,
-6.4013237953186035,
2.999324083328247,
0.07709425687789917,
-3.9142966270446777,
-3.9279348850250244,
-0.6920654773712158,
-0.42707526683807373,
-1.7154617309570312,
-0.7699015736579895,
-0.5615105032920837,
-2.373502254486084,
0.4747161269187927,
-1.2751377820968628,
0.06346052885055542,
3.948219060897827,
-5.7396440505981445,
-0.6238733530044556,
5.66060733795166,
0.4127781391143799,
-2.180734395980835,
-1.9962698221206665,
3.588480234146118,
-2.9737677574157715,
1.2266037464141846,
2.229152202606201,
-4.843364238739014,
-0.30356281995773315,
0.40410253405570984,
3.2129175662994385,
2.056471586227417,
1.3899424076080322,
8.01080322265625,
-1.7923132181167603,
-2.2536139488220215,
-4.795345306396484,
1.3313572406768799,
0.44147995114326477,
-0.9020196795463562,
-1.7361063957214355,
-1.1843172311782837,
1.2409429550170898,
1.4734283685684204,
2.9021735191345215,
1.6650210618972778,
0.3044785261154175,
0.30040794610977173,
-0.09743241965770721,
-1.3596491813659668,
-0.3668317496776581,
3.7246410846710205,
2.9116580486297607,
0.198997363448143,
0.2768913805484772,
-3.3351311683654785,
0.26626014709472656,
2.9305851459503174,
1.2841835021972656,
2.6368424892425537,
0.5952430367469788,
0.47266823053359985,
-4.038265705108643,
-3.3576385974884033,
-0.6762139797210693,
-1.0426948070526123,
-0.013931386172771454,
4.498635292053223,
-2.7375006675720215,
0.7706738710403442,
3.404327869415283,
1.5919312238693237,
3.6941733360290527,
-3.3294179439544678,
0.07438118755817413,
1.4579609632492065,
0.37685340642929077,
2.7465150356292725,
-0.25769326090812683,
5.4115753173828125,
-4.872807025909424,
-4.920046806335449,
1.1251885890960693,
-1.0719410181045532,
-0.17473900318145752,
-1.070762038230896,
-0.7550138235092163,
2.177260398864746,
6.039116382598877,
0.3083444833755493,
2.063062906265259,
-2.3528339862823486,
-1.666563630104065,
-2.1885204315185547,
2.4459640979766846,
1.7150533199310303,
1.5801160335540771,
1.105290174484253,
-3.6960830688476562,
0.10773308575153351,
1.8383396863937378,
3.90425181388855,
-1.2467223405838013,
-3.205328941345215,
0.7333248853683472,
2.607689142227173,
0.12828150391578674,
1.2302569150924683,
0.9656399488449097
] |
if i make some jam and want to sell it, how do i know the sell-by or best before date? | it doesn't have to be jam. but how do we know these with any accuracy? | make a thousand jars, then every interval (however you choose perhaps every 15 days?), pick a sample and test it for both taste and bacteria / mold / etc contagions. you probably want to the the contagion test first. use some statistics to figure out how many you'll need to test to get whatever confidence level you want. less testing might mean you can only be 80% confident it will be safe after x period, more testing could be 99.999% confident. this also depends on the results of your test, as if you test 10 jars each time and 1-2 are bad, then that will affect your standard deviation and lower your confidence, whereas 10/10 jars being safe would let you reduce your sample size for same confidence level. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.1471476554870605,
0.47114408016204834,
0.554438054561615,
-0.507976770401001,
0.17732934653759003,
0.2882939875125885,
0.5736422538757324,
-0.25830382108688354,
-0.8046678900718689,
-1.090384602546692,
1.1397364139556885,
-0.7049121856689453,
0.7566125988960266,
-0.3024561405181885,
-0.8122361898422241,
-1.6705482006072998,
1.3731242418289185,
-1.1091357469558716,
-1.624284029006958,
-0.4412757158279419,
-1.3888018131256104,
-0.5763431787490845,
-0.6597947478294373,
-0.5150464773178101,
0.3011437952518463,
-0.7331010103225708,
-0.6621525287628174,
0.4649384021759033,
0.16462451219558716,
0.2156214714050293,
-0.25919651985168457,
0.3869072198867798,
0.8518381118774414,
-2.3200321197509766,
0.20019912719726562,
-1.6738637685775757,
-0.9146216511726379,
-0.9537124633789062,
-0.10014359652996063,
0.5351485013961792,
0.1263318508863449,
0.43449509143829346,
-0.6942157745361328,
1.0571945905685425,
-0.2527664303779602,
0.7018953561782837,
0.09498907625675201,
0.41845399141311646,
-0.6653515100479126,
0.9345068335533142,
-0.3633805513381958,
-1.1848326921463013,
0.3642835319042206,
-0.9320371150970459,
-0.9632347226142883,
-2.0133161544799805,
-0.4081096351146698,
-1.5964059829711914,
-1.22810697555542,
0.3867708444595337,
-0.6867931485176086,
0.10958477854728699,
-0.3892974257469177,
0.6329028010368347,
1.2755153179168701,
1.2420518398284912,
-0.6066794991493225,
0.6132845282554626,
1.5138698816299438,
2.2890570163726807,
0.3444423973560333,
-0.013072460889816284,
-1.2310142517089844,
0.791427493095398,
-1.2765934467315674,
1.2461966276168823,
-0.36166271567344666,
-1.7674627304077148,
0.9221015572547913,
0.11338372528553009,
-1.0614421367645264,
0.1265849471092224,
-0.12434212863445282,
-0.4324226379394531,
-0.11956998705863953,
-0.47139227390289307,
1.0243322849273682,
0.8089149594306946,
-1.0743080377578735,
-0.45199424028396606,
0.6053540706634521,
0.6073893904685974,
-1.3325858116149902,
0.647300124168396,
0.2081894725561142,
1.5374852418899536,
-0.8065512776374817,
-0.820528507232666,
1.1504323482513428,
1.2398462295532227,
-0.2673523426055908,
-0.7223263382911682,
-1.9408495426177979,
-0.2978443205356598,
-0.5360428690910339,
-1.2182648181915283,
-0.21489927172660828,
-0.08180844783782959,
1.053342342376709,
0.8039843440055847,
-0.9511175751686096,
0.20082055032253265,
1.2566888332366943,
-0.9837760329246521,
0.15547439455986023,
0.7908896803855896,
0.6911531686782837,
1.1427103281021118,
1.5864256620407104,
-0.2708166241645813,
0.6889880895614624,
-1.0714730024337769,
1.7474803924560547,
-2.26151704788208,
1.8781877756118774,
1.246474266052246,
0.01997600495815277,
0.6712300777435303,
-0.49735066294670105,
0.08128931373357773,
1.7631914615631104,
-1.0426652431488037,
-0.29494360089302063,
0.8288908004760742,
-0.15426088869571686,
-0.7275530099868774,
0.6255776882171631,
-0.5894293785095215,
1.0478508472442627,
1.2648574113845825,
-1.7024340629577637,
0.6434570550918579,
0.7398437261581421,
1.7075811624526978,
-0.04972478747367859,
0.7949704527854919,
-1.5811299085617065,
-0.2503715455532074,
-0.42099714279174805,
-3.6924057006835938,
0.18463276326656342,
-0.6681636571884155,
0.17728443443775177,
-1.4513155221939087,
0.8705107569694519,
-0.13410615921020508,
0.40976929664611816,
0.661430835723877,
0.24110952019691467,
0.15898104012012482,
-3.1231114864349365,
0.13607382774353027,
-2.16412615776062,
-0.8632198572158813,
0.5873024463653564,
2.275336742401123,
0.6375586986541748,
-0.6665688157081604,
0.06991829723119736,
0.7634567618370056,
1.8648632764816284,
-1.249051809310913,
-0.25100430846214294,
-2.1703476905822754,
-1.4440306425094604,
-0.6993844509124756,
-1.9692556858062744,
0.9352460503578186,
0.4355015456676483,
-0.5232878923416138,
0.7775051593780518,
1.3166072368621826,
0.4044443368911743,
1.8665554523468018,
0.39021003246307373,
-0.5353472828865051,
-0.6566834449768066,
1.01999831199646,
-0.7380681037902832,
0.7380092740058899,
-0.31222212314605713,
0.2490837424993515,
0.01025158166885376,
2.2025210857391357,
-1.6047463417053223,
-2.456765651702881,
0.4595949053764343,
0.9098103046417236,
-0.7908967733383179,
0.1708926558494568,
-1.3044683933258057,
-1.0300856828689575,
-0.12918418645858765,
-1.895298719406128,
0.7116287350654602,
0.5582131147384644,
1.0474977493286133,
-1.7386153936386108,
1.896322250366211,
0.5076399445533752,
-1.8982148170471191,
1.1527923345565796,
-0.90609210729599,
-1.2263779640197754,
0.13691778481006622,
0.4280219078063965,
-0.4395538568496704,
-0.97019362449646,
0.39922767877578735,
0.5664955377578735,
-0.6480341553688049,
-0.6522763967514038,
-0.025639235973358154,
-1.1386525630950928,
-0.9390362501144409,
0.37482261657714844,
0.9108467102050781,
2.302719831466675,
0.021422863006591797,
1.122728705406189,
2.1046974658966064,
3.0873515605926514,
0.34485045075416565,
0.8948696851730347,
0.5259305238723755,
-0.5340763330459595,
0.46749788522720337,
-0.012476593255996704,
-1.4490066766738892,
0.8462055921554565,
0.2260214388370514,
0.35401207208633423,
0.7357988953590393,
-0.490261971950531,
-1.1557623147964478,
1.8518104553222656,
-0.4135381281375885,
-0.014429330825805664,
-0.7448397278785706,
-0.4688422381877899,
-2.0326530933380127,
-1.9320416450500488,
0.9399901628494263,
-0.9427074193954468,
-0.9746466875076294,
0.5500514507293701,
-0.23295556008815765,
0.5261064171791077,
0.3125907778739929,
-2.019624948501587,
2.542597532272339,
-1.0587034225463867,
0.3109622597694397,
2.2406234741210938,
0.9913937449455261,
0.46078816056251526,
-0.21063469350337982,
-0.6299313902854919,
-1.180022120475769,
0.5774674415588379,
1.9574207067489624,
-2.091883420944214,
1.168798804283142,
1.4350804090499878,
1.1713900566101074,
0.6723290681838989,
-0.8617384433746338,
0.7996276617050171,
-0.8074028491973877,
-1.1222460269927979,
-0.025064975023269653,
-1.793962001800537,
-1.1081297397613525,
2.8115782737731934,
-0.4054890275001526,
-0.5488231778144836,
-0.20460787415504456,
0.16636736690998077,
0.5364904999732971,
-0.6416840553283691,
-0.10750330239534378,
3.1413583755493164,
2.050983428955078,
-0.430883526802063,
0.4820854067802429,
1.307800054550171,
0.9869316220283508,
-0.8216817378997803,
0.9648606777191162,
-1.2317708730697632,
-1.7381623983383179,
-0.22378994524478912,
-1.0059282779693604,
0.9489171504974365,
-1.483424186706543,
0.945340096950531,
0.17654868960380554,
1.7042863368988037,
0.28352466225624084,
-0.13767781853675842,
1.2201908826828003,
-1.7843124866485596,
-0.16725124418735504,
1.2753851413726807,
-0.3175581395626068,
-0.0373663604259491,
-0.073724165558815,
0.10842356085777283,
0.6266447305679321,
0.761896550655365,
0.5967265367507935,
-0.8634049296379089,
1.9321343898773193,
2.0613603591918945,
1.063732624053955,
0.9822527170181274,
-1.4087986946105957,
-0.8166242241859436,
-0.8739730715751648,
-0.6153573989868164,
1.212846279144287,
1.197547435760498,
-0.7260195016860962,
-0.07941752672195435,
-0.5360288619995117,
-0.37537431716918945,
-0.3631398677825928,
0.5588456392288208,
-0.16869637370109558,
0.1983383148908615,
0.2551792860031128,
1.138413906097412,
0.39369672536849976,
-0.045649632811546326,
-0.3150769770145416,
1.108911156654358,
1.5729236602783203,
0.49943864345550537,
-0.933239221572876,
-1.2061386108398438,
0.6957822442054749,
0.4402431845664978,
-0.891901969909668,
-0.11139026284217834,
0.3638795018196106,
-0.7311896085739136,
-1.3817522525787354,
-0.16895994544029236,
-0.187845841050148,
-0.18282637000083923,
-1.8893367052078247,
-2.0203049182891846,
-0.9968751668930054,
0.9501276612281799,
0.6355665326118469,
-1.0297203063964844,
0.4338448643684387,
-1.3682962656021118,
0.3323557376861572,
1.2958548069000244,
0.934596061706543,
0.2248145341873169,
0.900454044342041,
-0.7042635083198547,
-0.3738354742527008,
-0.40493714809417725,
0.9523879885673523,
0.13808107376098633,
-0.7614957094192505,
0.7817748785018921,
1.9747990369796753,
-0.5930490493774414,
-0.9880095720291138,
0.27608194947242737
] |
what is the significance of specific volume? | is there anything that specific volume can tell you that density can not? are there situations where specific volume can be calculated but density can not be? if not, why is it used at all? | it's just inverse density. there's no real reason to favor it over density. in high temperature steam tables, specific volume becomes easier to work in your calculator since the very low density lends itself to nice specific volume numbers of 100 or 1,000 in si units. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5950422286987305,
1.0813515186309814,
0.04112972691655159,
0.6403812766075134,
-0.754883885383606,
-0.9804577827453613,
-0.7513183355331421,
0.754118025302887,
0.018924113363027573,
-0.11076995730400085,
-0.17186833918094635,
-0.26065826416015625,
0.3143031895160675,
0.10190238058567047,
-0.05562913417816162,
0.11663930118083954,
-0.16621613502502441,
0.37105807662010193,
-1.6151299476623535,
-0.09449903666973114,
0.8794289231300354,
0.03884303569793701,
-0.9811357259750366,
-0.15528392791748047,
1.5781385898590088,
-0.7447941303253174,
0.3581749200820923,
0.5117325782775879,
0.2991816997528076,
-0.4304165244102478,
-0.5898615121841431,
0.775153636932373,
1.0929479598999023,
-0.052942655980587006,
-0.4274459481239319,
-0.8725364208221436,
0.7837069034576416,
-0.06671670079231262,
-0.4676111936569214,
0.5488621592521667,
-0.10392199456691742,
-0.38704627752304077,
0.8763555884361267,
1.3893696069717407,
0.15381191670894623,
0.532331645488739,
-0.6153199076652527,
-0.4290640950202942,
-0.4140058755874634,
0.3719337582588196,
-0.2876025438308716,
0.15996786952018738,
0.05323813110589981,
1.6677991151809692,
-0.4497772455215454,
-0.2996335029602051,
0.6775668263435364,
-0.5115842223167419,
-0.0278041809797287,
0.0630965530872345,
0.9992257952690125,
-0.6683920621871948,
-0.8840928077697754,
-0.6401708126068115,
1.1380977630615234,
-0.1873701959848404,
0.4806061387062073,
0.3929356336593628,
-0.7758649587631226,
0.393014132976532,
1.0083401203155518,
0.45397481322288513,
-0.1213325560092926,
0.4617559015750885,
0.6454586982727051,
-0.1931278556585312,
-0.5128836035728455,
0.7189285755157471,
0.6052144169807434,
0.012598395347595215,
-0.6037265658378601,
-0.2751772999763489,
-0.552384078502655,
-0.491416335105896,
-0.25887981057167053,
0.08943367004394531,
0.4185789227485657,
-0.10193303972482681,
0.041566696017980576,
-0.07975219190120697,
-0.2566271424293518,
0.7732758522033691,
-2.168822765350342,
0.5338904857635498,
0.38906583189964294,
0.5079405307769775,
0.5087159872055054,
-0.7843796610832214,
0.47053539752960205,
0.4050864577293396,
0.5421680808067322,
0.546911895275116,
-1.482619285583496,
-0.2738034129142761,
-0.9336445331573486,
-0.4393097460269928,
0.47855451703071594,
1.7512176036834717,
0.15458494424819946,
-0.050872351974248886,
0.9071090221405029,
-0.4147176146507263,
-0.15795885026454926,
-0.2467813342809677,
0.7098240256309509,
-0.2851617634296417,
1.0649545192718506,
0.6513442993164062,
-0.652641773223877,
-0.3075130581855774,
-0.5941883325576782,
0.0971459299325943,
-0.5737167000770569,
-0.44794243574142456,
-0.6170663833618164,
-1.1126527786254883,
-0.0538422092795372,
0.041850462555885315,
-0.6367049217224121,
0.1270955502986908,
0.7552877068519592,
-0.21425007283687592,
-0.06307315826416016,
0.0588870495557785,
0.19387483596801758,
0.28562062978744507,
0.48477983474731445,
0.4030302166938782,
-1.177717924118042,
1.7870696783065796,
-0.23299284279346466,
0.6709499359130859,
-0.74335116147995,
-0.691666841506958,
0.4591814875602722,
1.3760240077972412,
-1.7591681480407715,
-0.32660120725631714,
0.3610113263130188,
-0.07265171408653259,
-0.24805621802806854,
-0.48963260650634766,
0.3259642720222473,
-1.078229546546936,
-0.10758087038993835,
-0.9297845959663391,
-1.1293649673461914,
0.2137109339237213,
0.7104806900024414,
0.6415238976478577,
-0.08321273326873779,
0.43600398302078247,
-0.07856579124927521,
-0.16441358625888824,
-0.7200613021850586,
0.8758293390274048,
-0.033126264810562134,
-0.20460304617881775,
-0.02637563645839691,
0.1807212233543396,
0.4665100574493408,
-0.35000622272491455,
-0.32958853244781494,
0.533180832862854,
0.8303689956665039,
-0.803305983543396,
-0.9499828815460205,
-0.060225240886211395,
-0.09061593562364578,
0.628707766532898,
-0.5410542488098145,
0.7460426688194275,
2.455644130706787,
0.28697627782821655,
0.13934192061424255,
0.007090181112289429,
0.6703835129737854,
0.6317166090011597,
-0.1995743215084076,
1.064770221710205,
0.16038474440574646,
0.012023746967315674,
-1.1457977294921875,
0.27248525619506836,
-0.05565950274467468,
-0.9025956392288208,
-0.5858289003372192,
0.08493740111589432,
-0.017114967107772827,
0.22808927297592163,
-0.25246351957321167,
-0.46910548210144043,
0.8896099328994751,
0.10070783644914627,
0.5506057739257812,
-0.6864417195320129,
0.03180590271949768,
-0.45828455686569214,
-1.6901909112930298,
0.5949370265007019,
-0.8835742473602295,
-1.7529743909835815,
-0.41991233825683594,
0.34080952405929565,
0.3128907084465027,
0.9337461590766907,
-0.43303632736206055,
-0.7510662078857422,
-0.25655829906463623,
0.5989881753921509,
0.21376757323741913,
-1.1438801288604736,
0.15578606724739075,
-0.6186288595199585,
-0.542445957660675,
-0.40053901076316833,
-0.17147427797317505,
0.08258411288261414,
-0.3007985055446625,
0.860744297504425,
0.8136398792266846,
-0.4992292523384094,
0.671994686126709,
0.07267140597105026,
0.17326194047927856,
0.2304929494857788,
-1.695946455001831,
0.5717573165893555,
-0.22646096348762512,
-0.24060994386672974,
-0.6769975423812866,
-1.0154719352722168,
0.14159752428531647,
0.48187094926834106,
0.6377662420272827,
0.28349190950393677,
-0.4768269956111908,
0.4841461479663849,
-0.5496556758880615,
0.08020590245723724,
-1.5798020362854004,
0.39481669664382935,
0.2471131980419159,
0.09902073442935944,
-0.19810548424720764,
-0.7722043991088867,
0.3817564845085144,
0.44979622960090637,
-0.8224813938140869,
-0.6934233903884888,
1.6053613424301147,
-0.5011054277420044,
0.19307537376880646,
0.07360167801380157,
0.058781057596206665,
-0.04974530637264252,
0.24690839648246765,
0.24943572282791138,
-1.010490894317627,
-0.4487847685813904,
1.0522665977478027,
-1.5550755262374878,
0.06773164868354797,
-0.3245363235473633,
0.6551269292831421,
-1.1199803352355957,
-0.401820570230484,
0.40683630108833313,
-0.20465753972530365,
-0.7052163481712341,
-0.6331013441085815,
1.149836778640747,
-0.5028000473976135,
-0.4363035559654236,
0.12180157750844955,
-0.5652580261230469,
0.4334012269973755,
-0.5799500942230225,
-0.7165927290916443,
-0.29644447565078735,
0.9241628646850586,
0.70289146900177,
-0.3084510564804077,
-0.2771731913089752,
0.9341318011283875,
0.6539508700370789,
0.8360261917114258,
0.27692273259162903,
-0.3955712914466858,
-1.1283766031265259,
1.1615232229232788,
0.8076371550559998,
-0.37991127371788025,
0.46606290340423584,
-0.8660060167312622,
1.3908135890960693,
0.6079055666923523,
0.43579739332199097,
1.072243571281433,
-0.56160569190979,
0.6479823589324951,
-0.1066979169845581,
0.24304860830307007,
0.8403148651123047,
-0.023834675550460815,
1.2878042459487915,
0.09910024702548981,
-0.3350500762462616,
0.5665612816810608,
0.8081659078598022,
-0.8147180080413818,
-1.132798671722412,
-0.3714403808116913,
-0.26471883058547974,
-0.014123544096946716,
-0.6701936721801758,
0.1310926377773285,
0.39074763655662537,
-0.4062163233757019,
0.59824138879776,
0.9071048498153687,
-0.677385151386261,
-0.005095228552818298,
-0.6082137823104858,
1.3710887432098389,
-1.0133799314498901,
0.09577178210020065,
-0.32981380820274353,
-0.12253706157207489,
0.43276649713516235,
-0.4148518741130829,
0.8627572059631348,
-0.03658892959356308,
0.14572012424468994,
0.4568525552749634,
0.7437872886657715,
-0.1645403951406479,
0.3597874343395233,
-0.3247902989387512,
-0.02480679750442505,
-0.06258255243301392,
0.8705949187278748,
0.4182502031326294,
-0.39123767614364624,
0.7698524594306946,
0.27082255482673645,
0.13189366459846497,
0.7300952672958374,
-0.6199495792388916,
-0.7816459536552429,
-0.7837493419647217,
-1.2277231216430664,
-0.22909395396709442,
0.39426201581954956,
0.6870163083076477,
-0.1933727264404297,
-0.39146238565444946,
-0.326120525598526,
-0.062320008873939514,
0.606387734413147,
0.47984781861305237,
0.4082695245742798,
0.4884525239467621,
0.2917653024196625,
0.07081721723079681,
-0.4495668411254883,
-1.3251619338989258,
-0.0918692797422409,
-0.9332939386367798,
0.284895122051239,
0.4360937476158142,
-0.38053107261657715,
-0.17990994453430176,
-0.7001049518585205
] |
what is the nature of the frequency factor, a, in the arrhenius equation? | hello! i am in my second semester of general chemistry. we are learning about chemical kinetics, rate laws, and reaction mechanisms. i understand the general concept described by the arrhenius equation and how to perform calculations with it. i am puzzled by the frequency factor a. my textbook defines it as the fraction of total collisions that have the proper geometric orientation. it also briefly mentions that a is temperature dependent, but then it goes on to treat a mathematically as if it were a constant. this seems to be contradictory. i asked my professor and he said maybe the reason for this is although a is temperature dependent, it changes on a scale that is insignificant in relation to change in temperature and rate constant. i have a feeling this is yet another case of lower level sciences getting simplified to the point that it's not quite true. could any of you asksciencers provide me with a more complete picture of a that explains this apparent contradiction? | before i answer your question i want to say that this is true of literally all of science. in science we develop models that capture all the variables needed to effectively describe the system. not every conceivable variable. but to actually answer your question, the equation is k = a exp(-ea/kbt). basically a is the rate of collisions and the exp(...) is the chance that a collision results in a reaction. it should make sense that a would depend on the temperature, but as it turns out the dependency is small enough that we can treat it as a constant. this isn't a case of low level science over simplifying; it's a standard procedure in any scientific model. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_state_theory"
] | [
-1.7798715829849243,
0.3276268243789673,
-0.004004940390586853,
0.25621986389160156,
0.3143903613090515,
-0.8807142972946167,
-0.22383832931518555,
0.5696787238121033,
1.5901989936828613,
-0.0864252969622612,
0.8375070095062256,
-0.03374683856964111,
0.8113389611244202,
-0.13458015024662018,
-0.32660990953445435,
-1.0380550622940063,
-0.623410165309906,
-0.8659393191337585,
-2.5790622234344482,
-0.1664888858795166,
0.37150436639785767,
-0.10123958438634872,
-0.22907666862010956,
-0.06338352710008621,
-1.0455859899520874,
-0.5021626353263855,
0.5754719972610474,
-0.06799514591693878,
0.26874613761901855,
-0.6434422135353088,
-0.856364369392395,
1.8689988851547241,
1.1103777885437012,
0.1769421249628067,
-0.598056972026825,
0.6184729337692261,
-0.19725772738456726,
-0.7994223237037659,
-0.5605336427688599,
0.7493089437484741,
0.09963709115982056,
-0.38716283440589905,
-0.1812991201877594,
0.6904211640357971,
0.4220549166202545,
-0.0848463922739029,
-0.34771811962127686,
-1.0209195613861084,
-1.3562482595443726,
-0.3419116139411926,
-0.7324820160865784,
0.27719441056251526,
-0.7963749766349792,
0.27081653475761414,
-0.5401473045349121,
-0.7214149832725525,
0.39608338475227356,
-2.3276569843292236,
-0.6994949579238892,
-1.3476686477661133,
-0.47050321102142334,
0.4448171854019165,
-0.9839000701904297,
0.7668505907058716,
4.152396202087402,
0.670034646987915,
0.481160044670105,
0.048992007970809937,
0.28245067596435547,
1.6221764087677002,
-0.5632140636444092,
0.2721553444862366,
-0.2877766788005829,
0.23386813700199127,
0.06663627177476883,
-0.5227691531181335,
0.524459719657898,
1.3326992988586426,
0.9098484516143799,
0.9433096647262573,
0.5302838683128357,
-1.3052374124526978,
-1.1084496974945068,
-0.21295520663261414,
-0.07486370205879211,
1.2649680376052856,
1.5930482149124146,
-0.5235447883605957,
0.5770372152328491,
0.82210373878479,
-0.6094226837158203,
-0.29450762271881104,
-1.378089189529419,
0.527884840965271,
-0.1250413954257965,
3.0804858207702637,
0.03600670397281647,
-1.9342694282531738,
2.1999897956848145,
0.5020049214363098,
-1.3782148361206055,
0.9999779462814331,
-1.41018545627594,
0.1891634464263916,
-0.5616146326065063,
-1.4712527990341187,
-0.39533090591430664,
-0.10433351993560791,
0.3849508762359619,
0.03769262507557869,
-0.6407236456871033,
-1.0919780731201172,
0.6722480654716492,
-0.9306002855300903,
-0.32806047797203064,
-0.8310842514038086,
1.3204418420791626,
1.08545982837677,
-0.6126977205276489,
-1.1474528312683105,
-0.780473530292511,
-0.17301848530769348,
0.9741204977035522,
0.45086216926574707,
0.754307210445404,
0.543765664100647,
-0.7706719636917114,
0.5859512090682983,
-1.3569633960723877,
-0.16302472352981567,
1.9224364757537842,
-1.5783671140670776,
-0.5820796489715576,
-0.2208825796842575,
-0.7795583009719849,
-0.3743140697479248,
1.9595069885253906,
0.26092326641082764,
-0.8107611536979675,
1.892120361328125,
0.07110387831926346,
-0.4334540367126465,
0.18981370329856873,
0.5186470150947571,
0.5827702283859253,
1.8558317422866821,
-0.451000452041626,
-0.2818927764892578,
0.6615778207778931,
-1.8533203601837158,
-0.482544481754303,
-1.1071205139160156,
0.7136774659156799,
-0.9733340740203857,
0.7218297719955444,
-0.7710458636283875,
-0.33672332763671875,
0.16790348291397095,
1.0142062902450562,
1.426358699798584,
-2.1813559532165527,
1.6291754245758057,
0.14002543687820435,
-1.1847110986709595,
-0.42855679988861084,
1.9559813737869263,
1.1340999603271484,
0.28079044818878174,
0.3658221662044525,
0.4953654408454895,
1.135994791984558,
0.04148930311203003,
1.0341968536376953,
-0.9138922095298767,
0.1306169629096985,
-0.28608423471450806,
-1.8924685716629028,
-0.1649811863899231,
0.5071502327919006,
0.8580604195594788,
0.9287735819816589,
0.19361935555934906,
1.5366305112838745,
1.0875110626220703,
-0.10604234784841537,
-0.9946657419204712,
0.48502975702285767,
0.603272557258606,
-1.1875548362731934,
0.3467646837234497,
-0.1013241857290268,
0.5464419722557068,
0.3032938539981842,
0.5046615600585938,
-1.908225178718567,
-1.2611048221588135,
0.14921820163726807,
0.4898478090763092,
-0.3504655957221985,
-0.14776721596717834,
-1.200166940689087,
-0.13765384256839752,
-0.01602146029472351,
-1.268649935722351,
0.9509409666061401,
0.338586688041687,
0.7243129014968872,
0.0828389823436737,
-1.4027886390686035,
1.3285064697265625,
-0.9022451639175415,
-1.7056570053100586,
-0.7588083148002625,
0.23562344908714294,
-0.41337019205093384,
1.2597486972808838,
-0.5459045767784119,
-1.3896026611328125,
-0.42016786336898804,
0.4116392135620117,
0.2867899239063263,
-0.3267945945262909,
0.40371185541152954,
-0.9611238241195679,
0.16163164377212524,
0.24993008375167847,
-0.3424718976020813,
1.0186489820480347,
0.4394916296005249,
0.17517715692520142,
-0.14304223656654358,
-0.5946266651153564,
1.3919156789779663,
1.357674479484558,
0.8050742745399475,
-0.7926585674285889,
-0.3808595538139343,
0.011686772108078003,
-0.491754949092865,
-0.8258806467056274,
-0.268708199262619,
-0.5549051761627197,
-0.04078973829746246,
0.673236072063446,
-1.0345675945281982,
1.4294039011001587,
-0.4533490836620331,
0.22343215346336365,
-0.7447587251663208,
-0.3590431213378906,
-1.0483193397521973,
-0.5102097988128662,
0.3032360374927521,
0.9571715593338013,
0.04484359920024872,
-0.10968638956546783,
-0.298880934715271,
0.2588675022125244,
-1.3352758884429932,
1.0833033323287964,
2.789633274078369,
-0.2489752322435379,
-0.18167005479335785,
-0.5891205072402954,
1.1113563776016235,
0.5232036113739014,
-0.4490393102169037,
-0.10244154930114746,
0.0447038896381855,
-0.9053047299385071,
1.4130444526672363,
-1.3523401021957397,
-0.05512207746505737,
-0.7379944324493408,
2.2860522270202637,
-1.0378979444503784,
-0.5277071595191956,
-0.2034560590982437,
-0.7595744729042053,
0.07686644047498703,
-0.059697963297367096,
-1.9566726684570312,
-1.7063482999801636,
-0.1325623095035553,
1.3829889297485352,
-0.7434897422790527,
0.7501134872436523,
0.2688464820384979,
-0.7863115072250366,
-0.2576902508735657,
-0.37978434562683105,
1.775738000869751,
0.9443820118904114,
-0.8285163640975952,
1.626792550086975,
0.6974118947982788,
-0.4270722270011902,
0.7268679141998291,
0.6121300458908081,
-1.0031917095184326,
-0.7312238216400146,
-1.8147242069244385,
-0.7856240272521973,
0.38317227363586426,
-1.9115424156188965,
0.1549953818321228,
0.8692061901092529,
0.5201377272605896,
0.660987377166748,
-2.438035011291504,
-0.3973052203655243,
-1.0609886646270752,
0.8836348056793213,
0.031756386160850525,
-1.0799918174743652,
-0.026249468326568604,
-1.55948805809021,
0.9573718309402466,
0.32432276010513306,
0.5658791661262512,
-0.1570262610912323,
-0.8075991868972778,
0.6143539547920227,
0.5784196257591248,
0.21186412870883942,
0.8534481525421143,
0.22927679121494293,
-1.5790777206420898,
-0.7468165755271912,
-0.03028455376625061,
-1.1361383199691772,
2.393099546432495,
0.5845637917518616,
0.5328304767608643,
0.8402414917945862,
0.7835206985473633,
-0.19514261186122894,
0.07289284467697144,
-1.501737356185913,
0.6080876588821411,
0.38140085339546204,
0.5909589529037476,
-0.1292344182729721,
0.32235559821128845,
1.4116458892822266,
-0.6429462432861328,
0.13643521070480347,
1.2830722332000732,
-1.8691844940185547,
0.16860491037368774,
-0.5518382787704468,
0.735876739025116,
0.9408803582191467,
0.7042074799537659,
1.85908842086792,
-0.7988324761390686,
-0.15330997109413147,
0.29295679926872253,
0.06336930394172668,
0.007331281900405884,
-0.5472840666770935,
0.7674217224121094,
-1.0384572744369507,
2.2481656074523926,
-1.1810033321380615,
1.101919412612915,
-0.7562164664268494,
-0.4790180027484894,
-0.4864068627357483,
1.2868220806121826,
1.0163400173187256,
1.4094276428222656,
0.5788979530334473,
-0.9505236744880676,
-0.3464973568916321,
-0.003555804491043091,
-0.4535481929779053,
-0.36441418528556824,
-0.3174397051334381,
0.07319560647010803,
-0.5675479769706726,
-0.09967043995857239,
2.4188380241394043,
-0.1893329918384552
] |
why are virus capsids tiled by hexagons? did they evolve this way to minimize the surface energy of the tiles? | here's what i know: 1. viruses can only carry so many genes to code for their raw materials, so to make the capsids they use repeated units of simpler proteins instead of fewer, bigger ones. 2. viruses can't have their capsids full of holes or else their dna isn't safe, so these tiles must closely pack. 3. viruses don't have their own metabolism or anything, so they need these tiles to self-assemble = > structure must minimize free energy. 4. to tile a 2d surface and minimize the perimeter/area ratio, you must use a honeycomb pattern. okay. so what viruses mostly end up with are hexagonal protein tiles and some pentagons which you need to close the shape in 3d. [example 1,](_url_0_)[ example 2.](_url_1_) from the four points i listed, this is my guess for why this is: * hexagonal tiling minimizes amount of boundaries (perimeter) between the protein subunits = > minimizes the surface energy associated with these boundaries = > minimizes free energy overall = > favourable to self assemble. * related: of the shapes that which can be used for tiling, assembling a hexagonal tile is easier (perimeter/area closest to the circle). * it does all this while being made of mostly identical units (efficient to code for) which fully cover the surface (functional). this seems right to me, but i can't for the life of me find any sources to explain this explicitly. some sources i've found will vaguely say that the honeycomb tiling is "efficient"... but with respect to what? is this one of those things that's supposed to be so obvious or unimportant that they don't mention it? or am i just on the wrong track? **tl;dr are virus capsids tiled by hexagons (as opposed to squares for example) to minimize surface energy between tiles?** edit: first time posting a question, if i'm doing anything wrong please tell me. edit 2: in point 4, i said minimize area/perimeter, but i really meant perimeter/area. | this topic might help: _url_0_ circles, or spheres in 3d, pack most efficiently in a hexagonal grid. this means you can fit the maximum number of circles into a given area by packing them this way. if you wanted to completely fill that plane, for example if you were building a wall or a capsid, you'd have to fill in the empty spaces in the corners, turning the circles in to hexagons. as an aside, i suspect that your second example is a computer simulation of a capsid using a coarse-grained model. they used a hexagonal grid for the same reason, but the structure they are modeling does not necessarily have that geometry. | 9 | [] | [
"http://www.virologyj.com/content/figures/1743-422X-7-356-1-l.jpg",
"http://people.virginia.edu/~owp3a/images/research/capsid.jpg"
] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_packing",
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349506717945",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic_dome",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedral_capsid"
] | [
0.4291035830974579,
1.0032931566238403,
-0.9854568243026733,
-1.2555571794509888,
-0.6749827861785889,
-1.6275835037231445,
0.10217776894569397,
0.09995600581169128,
-0.5362246632575989,
-0.02284986525774002,
-0.5121663212776184,
1.4034355878829956,
1.8198264837265015,
0.5493738651275635,
1.3704631328582764,
-0.30733299255371094,
-1.4619663953781128,
-0.006446033716201782,
-2.083845376968384,
0.5133419036865234,
1.1316951513290405,
-1.273815393447876,
-0.9791764616966248,
-0.39895012974739075,
0.6349045634269714,
-0.027279287576675415,
1.3092397451400757,
-0.12199832499027252,
0.186686173081398,
-0.9772779941558838,
-1.0430301427841187,
1.1281991004943848,
0.09913454949855804,
-0.4945959150791168,
0.2058810591697693,
0.7045580148696899,
-0.5071616768836975,
1.0015290975570679,
-0.9547747373580933,
0.03775351122021675,
0.13271895051002502,
-0.5951933860778809,
1.447609782218933,
0.21483077108860016,
0.9016971588134766,
-0.33231914043426514,
-0.4863870441913605,
-0.04913265258073807,
-0.16486398875713348,
0.21090957522392273,
-0.5021891593933105,
-0.2162036895751953,
0.46177083253860474,
-1.0576729774475098,
-0.28727835416793823,
-0.19287464022636414,
0.8996297121047974,
-1.9484565258026123,
-0.08666274696588516,
-0.44750550389289856,
0.8138534426689148,
-0.20835904777050018,
0.6883193850517273,
1.5492695569992065,
1.573513388633728,
-0.4495648741722107,
-0.2819460928440094,
-0.3888307809829712,
-0.8209760785102844,
2.0889933109283447,
0.24194517731666565,
-0.7218717336654663,
-0.052722811698913574,
-0.2986711263656616,
1.3586711883544922,
-0.09920744597911835,
-0.7068756818771362,
-0.12578445672988892,
0.04819127917289734,
-0.44949111342430115,
-0.39640286564826965,
0.8140236139297485,
-0.23469321429729462,
0.7773725390434265,
-0.2699439823627472,
0.6662275791168213,
0.05243988335132599,
-0.5364791750907898,
0.13670268654823303,
-0.972063422203064,
0.6831678748130798,
0.8998396396636963,
-0.6104509234428406,
0.7831043004989624,
-1.245194911956787,
0.28608813881874084,
0.4042905271053314,
-1.2211651802062988,
0.992194414138794,
0.21472464501857758,
-0.3459007441997528,
-0.0757201611995697,
-0.08287609368562698,
0.345140665769577,
0.45295286178588867,
0.3273063004016876,
-0.08765990287065506,
0.026366975158452988,
0.32548704743385315,
0.4947121739387512,
-0.016083471477031708,
-0.529196560382843,
1.150192141532898,
-0.7240134477615356,
-0.3449455201625824,
-1.3738718032836914,
1.0273656845092773,
0.11632376909255981,
-0.40381479263305664,
-0.014343053102493286,
-0.3974674344062805,
0.37017929553985596,
-0.7523903846740723,
0.48006269335746765,
0.8826417326927185,
-0.6814266443252563,
-1.2369264364242554,
0.6642507910728455,
-0.2401869297027588,
0.21214772760868073,
0.5545231699943542,
0.2776317000389099,
0.005536913871765137,
-0.3147357106208801,
0.8980144262313843,
-0.048954077064991,
1.6358219385147095,
0.2587032914161682,
-0.24241489171981812,
1.777023196220398,
0.8531968593597412,
2.289121627807617,
0.7752538919448853,
-1.5868710279464722,
0.9696193933486938,
1.2354423999786377,
-1.88677179813385,
-0.6648633480072021,
-0.9050211310386658,
-2.095503568649292,
0.14379924535751343,
-1.0428231954574585,
-0.0025281310081481934,
-0.321249783039093,
-0.42688119411468506,
0.12897789478302002,
-0.06402093172073364,
1.33311128616333,
-0.4349098205566406,
-0.05835352838039398,
-1.7924854755401611,
1.8594393730163574,
-0.8529250621795654,
0.8595560789108276,
0.777711033821106,
0.42326265573501587,
0.08156838268041611,
-1.032411813735962,
-0.12294236570596695,
-0.32962363958358765,
2.322146415710449,
0.02973860502243042,
-0.6151180863380432,
0.6500845551490784,
0.4985545873641968,
0.2585887312889099,
-1.5669515132904053,
-0.6542513370513916,
0.9948818683624268,
1.6334185600280762,
0.3967980742454529,
-0.612323522567749,
1.033087134361267,
-0.36392343044281006,
0.27225261926651,
0.08062369376420975,
1.3036181926727295,
0.4362606108188629,
0.25051096081733704,
0.1621846854686737,
-1.1886402368545532,
0.49745088815689087,
0.34429317712783813,
0.7501709461212158,
-0.317588746547699,
0.31520164012908936,
0.7186105847358704,
-0.9373511075973511,
0.1959265172481537,
0.6540364623069763,
-1.099040150642395,
1.238684892654419,
-0.10249221324920654,
-1.408582329750061,
-1.0960408449172974,
0.08358195424079895,
0.8685930967330933,
-1.964627981185913,
-1.0631417036056519,
1.1645840406417847,
-0.8967867493629456,
-1.9177340269088745,
-0.5846087336540222,
-0.9315189719200134,
1.2885733842849731,
1.7480576038360596,
0.41031304001808167,
-0.5882631540298462,
-2.496269464492798,
-0.2757546305656433,
0.6157156229019165,
0.8055670857429504,
-1.1608645915985107,
-1.4818891286849976,
-1.773146629333496,
0.3057712912559509,
-0.3317040503025055,
0.13915424048900604,
-0.051085397601127625,
0.6676868796348572,
0.6937055587768555,
-0.9102403521537781,
0.6521504521369934,
0.9386083483695984,
-0.324138879776001,
0.4509459435939789,
1.2009496688842773,
-0.02888473868370056,
-0.011563092470169067,
-1.0659719705581665,
-0.21011313796043396,
-1.2891558408737183,
-0.17722217738628387,
0.4310096800327301,
-0.26959362626075745,
-0.88037109375,
-1.341475009918213,
0.15246549248695374,
0.021977975964546204,
1.7305291891098022,
-1.3381760120391846,
-1.4322936534881592,
-0.08100414276123047,
1.4899473190307617,
-2.0827720165252686,
-0.6814773082733154,
-0.15310409665107727,
-0.04985901713371277,
-0.4337168335914612,
-0.5944634675979614,
-0.2656395137310028,
-1.0171706676483154,
-0.4396265745162964,
-0.2638458013534546,
-0.6001389026641846,
-0.4995254576206207,
0.5461652278900146,
1.3718280792236328,
0.018785476684570312,
-0.8277828693389893,
0.2192680537700653,
0.11984032392501831,
-0.49710819125175476,
0.4443979561328888,
-0.5355241298675537,
0.38731324672698975,
-0.16614893078804016,
-1.1571273803710938,
-0.2969537675380707,
0.2518826127052307,
-1.7360509634017944,
-0.6724885702133179,
1.2380229234695435,
0.40435707569122314,
-1.2841651439666748,
-0.44238507747650146,
0.3183475136756897,
0.0827634185552597,
1.0274828672409058,
-0.5142149925231934,
-0.4381277561187744,
-0.6780512928962708,
-1.1094695329666138,
0.8648772835731506,
0.556627631187439,
2.3580832481384277,
0.882987380027771,
0.10298559069633484,
0.9549057483673096,
0.17661693692207336,
3.1246562004089355,
0.5815407633781433,
-1.0900020599365234,
-0.3406018614768982,
-0.6050977110862732,
0.86307692527771,
1.4694247245788574,
0.8747462034225464,
1.1058659553527832,
-0.2899072766304016,
0.7122281789779663,
-1.392674446105957,
0.15726935863494873,
1.111411690711975,
0.9047520756721497,
0.9934486746788025,
0.312447726726532,
1.1984059810638428,
0.540795624256134,
0.3329581618309021,
-0.6631823182106018,
-0.19530737400054932,
-0.0012544244527816772,
-0.4086974561214447,
-1.0384767055511475,
-0.3494114279747009,
1.1015526056289673,
-0.23019549250602722,
-0.7485090494155884,
0.40790629386901855,
0.33009567856788635,
0.9102408289909363,
-0.3263399302959442,
1.2873553037643433,
-1.0004076957702637,
0.3241707682609558,
-0.03382629528641701,
0.3096539378166199,
-1.0656650066375732,
0.6609752178192139,
-0.719533383846283,
-0.48638463020324707,
-0.7851191759109497,
0.13143621385097504,
0.039149023592472076,
-0.9308745861053467,
-1.2292827367782593,
0.6036593317985535,
0.6729620695114136,
-0.6893883347511292,
-0.29311370849609375,
0.35335469245910645,
-0.4297548234462738,
1.3985313177108765,
1.1172184944152832,
0.07371460646390915,
-0.46844643354415894,
0.26628437638282776,
0.062212057411670685,
-0.8656675815582275,
-0.42331019043922424,
-1.0750532150268555,
-0.116981640458107,
0.15612071752548218,
1.125072717666626,
1.0211533308029175,
-0.38482996821403503,
0.19983911514282227,
-1.4115391969680786,
0.45251142978668213,
0.06718474626541138,
0.8036547899246216,
1.3318986892700195,
-0.3657441735267639,
1.5844942331314087,
-0.34294646978378296,
0.2068023830652237,
-0.2606847286224365,
-0.47024205327033997,
0.39827796816825867,
-2.0765011310577393,
0.839746356010437,
-0.1391451060771942,
-0.02700018882751465
] |
briefly, how do loop diuretics deal with hypertension? | im extremely sorry if this is the wrong place to ask such a question, but i'm doing a project based on loop diuretics and for a brief introduction i wanna word it as simply as possible how loop diuretics deal with arterial hypertension. thanks | the main action of loop diuretics is to inhibit the sodium-potassium-2 chloride symporter in the loop of henle. this transporter normally brings na-k-2cl back into the renal tubule, so inhibiting it causes these ions to remain in the lumen (where the to-be urine is). in the body, water tends to follow ions (sodium in particular), so the net effect of inhibiting this channel is increased water in the urine and decreased sodium in the serum, and thus decreased blood volume. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.803729772567749,
0.4221529960632324,
1.4535493850708008,
0.15624788403511047,
-0.4828455448150635,
-1.1652079820632935,
1.4359956979751587,
0.4300823509693146,
-0.005836561322212219,
0.19411012530326843,
0.3663851022720337,
0.06670364737510681,
-0.5146376490592957,
1.096874475479126,
-1.3215360641479492,
-1.484202265739441,
-1.0671825408935547,
1.56406831741333,
-1.1532318592071533,
0.39738374948501587,
0.5766770839691162,
1.4629509449005127,
-0.26039302349090576,
-0.5311558842658997,
-0.5137578845024109,
0.8534157276153564,
0.5987212657928467,
-0.1467537134885788,
-0.31091296672821045,
0.01720461994409561,
-0.6866339445114136,
0.3645523488521576,
-1.3821940422058105,
-1.3043326139450073,
0.34953051805496216,
0.4577958285808563,
-0.3827650547027588,
-0.2809227406978607,
-1.1769869327545166,
-1.108577013015747,
1.4584492444992065,
-0.7686284184455872,
-0.34486082196235657,
0.7055401802062988,
-0.8710904717445374,
0.2251448631286621,
1.4271936416625977,
-0.6782622337341309,
0.5174237489700317,
0.6448259353637695,
-0.1397443562746048,
-0.13685168325901031,
0.5443840622901917,
2.2346715927124023,
-0.7997413873672485,
-0.6941360235214233,
-0.1645822525024414,
0.12601810693740845,
-1.7907321453094482,
-1.3324131965637207,
-1.6033507585525513,
1.6037957668304443,
-0.2835386395454407,
0.5028079152107239,
1.0690295696258545,
0.27566155791282654,
0.2373688966035843,
-1.0686746835708618,
0.607290506362915,
-0.33886152505874634,
0.3803986608982086,
0.7461620569229126,
-0.4237349331378937,
-0.40432584285736084,
0.3904990255832672,
0.8995541930198669,
-0.5475720167160034,
0.441452294588089,
-0.3022210896015167,
-0.2516596019268036,
0.5568956136703491,
0.10928129404783249,
0.7411706447601318,
0.03125041723251343,
-0.4271382987499237,
0.8786877393722534,
-0.9915062189102173,
-0.45664581656455994,
0.12788696587085724,
0.4609268605709076,
-0.22992181777954102,
-0.39110425114631653,
0.8571239113807678,
-1.1755682229995728,
0.5555257797241211,
0.6486127376556396,
-0.5329135656356812,
-0.1520598828792572,
-0.1414785385131836,
-0.28016817569732666,
-0.32235467433929443,
0.8420306444168091,
-2.384613513946533,
-0.2756716310977936,
0.31092604994773865,
-1.1964035034179688,
1.092745065689087,
0.7439731955528259,
-0.05560195446014404,
0.5970843434333801,
-0.07542572915554047,
0.19458186626434326,
1.469604253768921,
0.6780857443809509,
0.24306318163871765,
1.2854211330413818,
0.6051197648048401,
0.13956619799137115,
-0.9534369707107544,
0.13778039813041687,
-0.9955090880393982,
-1.1864802837371826,
-0.4694579541683197,
0.3768293857574463,
-0.027962222695350647,
0.46812891960144043,
-1.2155077457427979,
0.7136939764022827,
0.6481857299804688,
-0.4994039237499237,
1.4165793657302856,
-0.8154522180557251,
-0.5937149524688721,
-0.7451795339584351,
-0.3417312204837799,
0.21973852813243866,
0.29964160919189453,
-2.33734393119812,
-1.4599789381027222,
0.23831768333911896,
0.34851396083831787,
-0.7606305480003357,
-0.878502368927002,
-0.6330384016036987,
0.23637095093727112,
0.19381526112556458,
2.131725311279297,
-1.2284013032913208,
0.1829671710729599,
0.5164007544517517,
-0.9561855792999268,
-0.021058738231658936,
0.5495964884757996,
0.1373729407787323,
-0.5514407157897949,
-1.0316816568374634,
0.009571753442287445,
0.20496439933776855,
-0.33723366260528564,
0.6734033823013306,
-0.982262372970581,
-0.019842103123664856,
-0.8469556570053101,
0.8608949780464172,
-0.3375188112258911,
0.9450510740280151,
0.3085087835788727,
-1.2011785507202148,
0.12789106369018555,
-0.35873836278915405,
-0.3456614315509796,
0.05020958185195923,
0.718055248260498,
-2.316227436065674,
-1.0302345752716064,
-0.1282372921705246,
-0.360414981842041,
0.278465211391449,
1.521919846534729,
-0.6744787096977234,
-0.6558961868286133,
0.34736597537994385,
-0.3091696500778198,
-0.2544178366661072,
-0.4099857807159424,
-0.8294451832771301,
-1.9199857711791992,
0.8014838695526123,
0.18162855505943298,
1.2245076894760132,
-0.10367846488952637,
1.1041330099105835,
-0.24673227965831757,
-0.44535940885543823,
-0.24504181742668152,
-0.9859281778335571,
-1.2621477842330933,
0.5610380172729492,
-1.884596347808838,
0.1883177012205124,
1.3702216148376465,
0.24448458850383759,
0.05151902139186859,
0.27205750346183777,
-0.43363630771636963,
-1.5871033668518066,
0.6736826300621033,
-1.2254867553710938,
-0.43775489926338196,
-1.0735971927642822,
0.08060313761234283,
0.3524834215641022,
-0.4660912752151489,
-1.3715819120407104,
-0.5899471044540405,
-0.7829241752624512,
0.7369880080223083,
-1.033990740776062,
1.4635510444641113,
0.5523611307144165,
-1.9028578996658325,
-0.04751741886138916,
0.5611101984977722,
-0.9304859042167664,
0.7207351922988892,
-0.1823941320180893,
0.45123374462127686,
1.6696012020111084,
-0.7606020569801331,
0.4348394274711609,
1.5375087261199951,
-0.7744587659835815,
1.3555908203125,
0.4761468172073364,
0.9193456172943115,
1.1004528999328613,
0.06064167618751526,
-0.7170566320419312,
1.0058469772338867,
-0.17304202914237976,
-0.2326420247554779,
0.2285194993019104,
0.6375457644462585,
0.655538022518158,
-0.9478678703308105,
1.2026233673095703,
0.8302268981933594,
-0.04815302789211273,
-0.41268616914749146,
-0.14735031127929688,
0.7949724793434143,
0.269542932510376,
0.4987500309944153,
0.6495768427848816,
1.5157227516174316,
0.02043946087360382,
-0.6733869910240173,
-2.2182555198669434,
-0.15110978484153748,
-0.5338964462280273,
0.5100703239440918,
0.44521385431289673,
-0.7252620458602905,
-0.7365652918815613,
-0.03289306163787842,
-0.3654150664806366,
1.4529304504394531,
0.653759777545929,
-0.1675867885351181,
0.3016056418418884,
1.895056128501892,
-0.9148551225662231,
-0.0006138496100902557,
0.2379935085773468,
1.2343451976776123,
-0.4614390432834625,
0.07089501619338989,
0.5912020802497864,
1.850538969039917,
0.9562314748764038,
1.2665807008743286,
-0.38569438457489014,
-1.6761646270751953,
0.03487437218427658,
-0.2941056489944458,
0.2319301962852478,
0.46924272179603577,
-1.5076682567596436,
-0.46207067370414734,
-0.03275138884782791,
0.40031182765960693,
0.9801796078681946,
1.565060019493103,
-0.1930178999900818,
1.2807849645614624,
-0.25872188806533813,
1.922996163368225,
0.3306868076324463,
0.4709194600582123,
-0.33910906314849854,
-0.5155848264694214,
-0.9187341928482056,
-1.1187211275100708,
-0.9377950429916382,
-0.880089282989502,
1.1330928802490234,
-1.1398625373840332,
0.08373332023620605,
0.5868477821350098,
-0.684378981590271,
-0.79460608959198,
-0.11240479350090027,
-0.04834282025694847,
-0.01906357705593109,
-0.18509122729301453,
-0.3558669090270996,
-1.0124012231826782,
0.4946603775024414,
0.606074869632721,
-0.07759345322847366,
-0.32941609621047974,
-0.5096424221992493,
-0.7151684761047363,
0.3844262361526489,
0.6628049612045288,
0.3479774296283722,
0.6142139434814453,
0.498903751373291,
0.41980236768722534,
-0.715656042098999,
0.46559250354766846,
1.007367730140686,
1.6267086267471313,
-0.8902074098587036,
0.5392387509346008,
0.5642175674438477,
0.7218679189682007,
-1.1838964223861694,
-0.7658926844596863,
-1.138346791267395,
-0.7280987501144409,
-0.1276424676179886,
0.4748005270957947,
0.06372234225273132,
0.6375959515571594,
-0.4890373945236206,
0.9662810564041138,
-0.2743414044380188,
-0.9991608262062073,
-0.22221778333187103,
-0.0012128651142120361,
1.3982434272766113,
0.2002093344926834,
0.6649467945098877,
0.1512942761182785,
0.6879516839981079,
0.24816586077213287,
0.3456021547317505,
0.5312875509262085,
-0.2058527022600174,
-0.8864147663116455,
-1.352578043937683,
-0.47681790590286255,
1.0395230054855347,
-0.7761134505271912,
0.22294089198112488,
0.1735648810863495,
1.387297511100769,
-0.07906372845172882,
1.1354479789733887,
-0.2802136242389679,
1.3093183040618896,
1.4167954921722412,
0.4245219826698303,
0.5343822240829468,
-0.17639416456222534,
0.0904446691274643,
-0.6651877760887146,
-0.5327914357185364,
0.2902714014053345,
0.2518739700317383,
1.7249212265014648,
1.0629185438156128,
-0.31410902738571167
] |
what are the crests and troughs of light waves on an oscilloscope? | alternating current has both positive and negative voltage (travelling in both directions), represented on an oscilloscope as crests and troughs, with a line along the middle being zero energy. does this mean that light can be both positive and negative? what have i misinterpreted? | when measuring something with your oscilloscope you are measuring with respect to some reference (ground). remember voltage is a scalar quantity and its value is relative to what you measure it to. what the positive/negative means in this case is that the voltage is either above/below ground. if the voltage is negative than you can safely assume the current is flowing in a direction that is from ground to the point you are measuring. if the voltage is positive than you can assume that the current is flowing in a direction that is from the point you are probing to ground. for current it is the same idea as voltage, positive/negative is kind of defined arbitrary to what you are in reference to. for a light wave, you have electric and magnetic fields waving. remember though that these electric and magnetic fields are vector quantities, so have well defined directions in space. imagine you have an electric field oscillating in the x-y plane, and the wave is travelling along the x axis and in the +x direction, then some of the time electric field strength is pointing in the +y direction and some of the time it is travelling in the -y direction. the wave itself doesn't move in the +y or -y directions. our coordinate system is kind of convenient for our case but you can know that for a plane wave the electric field will oscillate so that at one point in space or time it is pointing in one direction and at another time it is pointing in the opposite direction. hopefully that isn't too confusing. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.5832903385162354,
0.14534659683704376,
0.6717262268066406,
0.17253822088241577,
-0.8305704593658447,
-2.0238564014434814,
1.9519083499908447,
-0.03954207897186279,
2.11395001411438,
-0.8522350192070007,
1.2089636325836182,
-0.8348228335380554,
-2.1605405807495117,
0.6848706007003784,
0.3318263292312622,
-0.7355828881263733,
-0.1445678174495697,
1.4243309497833252,
-2.8207759857177734,
-1.0288208723068237,
4.679711818695068,
-0.17919760942459106,
-3.072441577911377,
-0.025617433711886406,
-1.3640222549438477,
1.001438021659851,
3.2411913871765137,
0.40291085839271545,
-0.5682677030563354,
-1.4949092864990234,
-1.8133821487426758,
1.772613286972046,
-2.6960532665252686,
-0.17364518344402313,
-5.010544300079346,
1.967653512954712,
2.1182944774627686,
0.21652820706367493,
-0.5693142414093018,
1.8019049167633057,
-0.4128762185573578,
-1.3766593933105469,
2.4236650466918945,
0.7815020680427551,
0.326517790555954,
2.52227783203125,
2.7599663734436035,
-1.1357932090759277,
-0.7125304937362671,
-2.6606075763702393,
-2.351487636566162,
0.6066079139709473,
0.4870299994945526,
-0.3385259211063385,
-0.16017386317253113,
2.4220128059387207,
4.1858086585998535,
-1.5805046558380127,
0.1644687056541443,
-1.6219300031661987,
0.587292492389679,
-2.411151647567749,
0.3204781413078308,
-1.467732310295105,
2.487098217010498,
-2.1824872493743896,
0.7154923677444458,
-0.45468083024024963,
-2.738513469696045,
2.137772560119629,
0.32564377784729004,
0.12730266153812408,
0.39916545152664185,
-1.8781077861785889,
2.9399781227111816,
0.7124367952346802,
0.4382077157497406,
3.0219621658325195,
1.399966835975647,
-0.9602929949760437,
2.8898794651031494,
-2.1585378646850586,
-4.575827598571777,
-1.103708028793335,
0.3758295774459839,
2.2592666149139404,
1.2233110666275024,
-0.8263992071151733,
2.1813855171203613,
0.832478940486908,
-0.13367748260498047,
-1.9131925106048584,
-4.659732818603516,
-0.22903382778167725,
0.2724689543247223,
1.0924758911132812,
1.217402696609497,
-1.95139741897583,
1.7099888324737549,
0.5884233713150024,
-0.22471527755260468,
1.501854658126831,
-4.946674346923828,
1.5049219131469727,
-0.9685634970664978,
-0.0910281240940094,
0.5462121367454529,
-0.02862061932682991,
-1.4811277389526367,
-1.2758406400680542,
0.6526890993118286,
-2.852109432220459,
-1.9005663394927979,
-1.7849246263504028,
0.9697895050048828,
-1.5932996273040771,
0.5783908367156982,
0.8112646341323853,
-0.259352445602417,
-4.101397514343262,
-1.7936127185821533,
-1.1693321466445923,
-0.48287686705589294,
2.0550150871276855,
1.2483457326889038,
-0.32099807262420654,
1.2263456583023071,
0.7589545249938965,
-0.3214052617549896,
1.0947494506835938,
1.9448494911193848,
-2.3396809101104736,
-0.9981824159622192,
2.246236801147461,
-3.4240479469299316,
3.727947473526001,
5.0609588623046875,
0.5639498233795166,
-3.515166997909546,
5.737935543060303,
3.4035959243774414,
3.109527826309204,
-1.4295228719711304,
-3.133755683898926,
0.29032886028289795,
-2.194530487060547,
-1.826887845993042,
-0.47342735528945923,
1.1478705406188965,
-1.758439540863037,
-0.5855035185813904,
-2.167473316192627,
0.5676026940345764,
-1.9233113527297974,
-0.8859230279922485,
-0.6113359332084656,
-3.7010109424591064,
1.104778528213501,
1.7033417224884033,
0.5981325507164001,
-0.14039403200149536,
1.0396631956100464,
-0.1480521559715271,
2.727773427963257,
1.520046353340149,
2.5508272647857666,
-0.576117753982544,
-1.3125286102294922,
1.4887830018997192,
-1.5490241050720215,
-0.6888867020606995,
1.0523546934127808,
-0.02821836620569229,
0.8000440001487732,
0.33355388045310974,
0.28248491883277893,
-4.326941013336182,
0.46212613582611084,
-0.8825355768203735,
-0.16867898404598236,
-0.1449422985315323,
-0.869976818561554,
5.492233753204346,
1.2090128660202026,
-0.2613352835178375,
3.0980517864227295,
0.7035988569259644,
0.24880385398864746,
-0.780856192111969,
1.5859124660491943,
-0.4674164354801178,
-2.099100112915039,
-1.5156463384628296,
3.0182509422302246,
-0.17100203037261963,
-1.719886302947998,
0.5467206239700317,
-1.46769118309021,
-1.0014748573303223,
0.5293768048286438,
-2.1214001178741455,
0.7088920474052429,
1.2120063304901123,
1.200710415840149,
-1.933639407157898,
-0.020944535732269287,
4.500728130340576,
-1.2163673639297485,
-6.762330055236816,
2.1670753955841064,
1.5930722951889038,
-3.296503782272339,
0.18648283183574677,
0.36165040731430054,
0.08920101076364517,
-0.5951141119003296,
-3.565075397491455,
-2.1062755584716797,
-3.5097877979278564,
1.4802569150924683,
1.4290885925292969,
0.8576067686080933,
3.057161808013916,
-2.157640218734741,
-1.7494689226150513,
1.3375269174575806,
-0.9840996265411377,
1.7408771514892578,
-1.2548651695251465,
0.9611279368400574,
3.4864139556884766,
-0.35421329736709595,
-0.23993206024169922,
2.3640477657318115,
0.3762296736240387,
-3.1637635231018066,
-5.239197731018066,
1.8934158086776733,
-0.5055270195007324,
-3.248530387878418,
-3.4956438541412354,
-0.7101640701293945,
-1.683685302734375,
0.40609514713287354,
-0.14130903780460358,
1.880060076713562,
0.09099119901657104,
-0.8907920122146606,
0.1733974665403366,
0.862461507320404,
1.2656306028366089,
-1.188509464263916,
-4.2793354988098145,
1.7476413249969482,
-1.300931453704834,
1.558807134628296,
1.7811638116836548,
-0.10819634795188904,
-3.27449893951416,
-0.09165850281715393,
2.3489816188812256,
-0.6319381594657898,
1.9075031280517578,
-0.033864255994558334,
-0.6096370220184326,
6.609034061431885,
4.609817028045654,
1.1427432298660278,
-3.7828145027160645,
-0.373110830783844,
-0.7453449368476868,
0.4614197611808777,
-0.14862021803855896,
-0.1020863801240921,
0.6920641660690308,
-4.057264804840088,
0.18064060807228088,
0.43938520550727844,
-1.9398961067199707,
0.9941984415054321,
-2.1049888134002686,
-1.2666336297988892,
1.9704158306121826,
1.2091314792633057,
1.391543984413147,
-2.072075843811035,
-0.34392547607421875,
-1.8262962102890015,
3.2782046794891357,
-0.8096021413803101,
1.9068207740783691,
2.314741849899292,
4.9851531982421875,
-0.19626964628696442,
2.5895159244537354,
1.5761919021606445,
-0.8248112201690674,
-2.3223586082458496,
0.19230476021766663,
-2.0529987812042236,
3.5570688247680664,
-1.4615713357925415,
-2.132930040359497,
-2.069211483001709,
0.5428857803344727,
0.9000068306922913,
2.0744400024414062,
1.8379336595535278,
-1.425447940826416,
-1.509179949760437,
1.079311728477478,
-1.967548131942749,
2.043480157852173,
1.0910717248916626,
-2.5200185775756836,
3.538872003555298,
-1.481062412261963,
1.195037841796875,
0.6758849620819092,
1.5373713970184326,
-1.0992393493652344,
-0.9192548394203186,
1.3744961023330688,
-2.141846179962158,
1.2441290616989136,
-1.0210458040237427,
0.4739053249359131,
-3.0782041549682617,
-1.1972538232803345,
-0.8891900181770325,
-0.9619085788726807,
-0.6596810817718506,
-1.2993680238723755,
-0.43871456384658813,
4.711155891418457,
3.197467565536499,
-2.600338935852051,
0.240327388048172,
-1.6432836055755615,
4.723013877868652,
-0.4790153205394745,
2.424694538116455,
-0.6977283358573914,
2.639824390411377,
2.6193838119506836,
-0.6555129885673523,
-2.4022181034088135,
1.0627654790878296,
-1.371972680091858,
-1.8376379013061523,
-1.6179919242858887,
3.5860915184020996,
2.809061050415039,
1.0394178628921509,
1.066528081893921,
-0.16512201726436615,
-1.708066463470459,
1.3199564218521118,
-0.38568198680877686,
0.16090551018714905,
-2.7664546966552734,
-0.9952502250671387,
-1.4236961603164673,
3.7813336849212646,
-0.08277899026870728,
2.8161628246307373,
-0.5033383369445801,
-1.2199662923812866,
-2.2729849815368652,
3.276155948638916,
-1.0125404596328735,
4.54503059387207,
2.0084259510040283,
-1.8975183963775635,
1.7342621088027954,
-1.9437624216079712,
-0.8688262104988098,
-0.020832039415836334,
-5.751270294189453,
-1.3027859926223755,
-0.4747195541858673,
3.466338634490967,
-0.41360214352607727,
-0.15997819602489471
] |
does the leidenfrost effect, affect the speed in which an object travels through water? if it does, why? | theoretically it could affect it in a couple of ways. because the heat of the object is causing the water around it to turn to steam, it could reduce the drag coefficient which would let it move faster. on the other hand, since you are continually turning the water in front of the object into steam, (thus creating an high pressure zone), you are also creating new drag. i don't know how the two factors would always balance out, or if there is a certain speed for a given shape such that going faster than it means the leidenfrost effect increases drag and below the speed it decreases it. you could probably do some fun experiments with a steel shape and measuring its resistance to water movement relative to it's temperature. | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.4264299869537354,
0.3825778663158417,
2.043682098388672,
0.9654710292816162,
-0.14798209071159363,
-0.2901078760623932,
0.099265456199646,
0.6695884466171265,
0.1664409041404724,
-0.6303021311759949,
-0.3257429897785187,
1.359977126121521,
-0.5726270079612732,
0.4991372227668762,
0.5508309006690979,
0.6068440675735474,
0.06092856824398041,
1.7910507917404175,
-1.3124638795852661,
-0.032267794013023376,
0.8004695177078247,
-0.491148978471756,
-0.9145249724388123,
-0.08630111068487167,
-1.9824835062026978,
0.45328375697135925,
-0.04901409149169922,
1.5336408615112305,
0.27314019203186035,
0.08690622448921204,
-1.2297749519348145,
-1.591386079788208,
-1.0946650505065918,
-1.5406230688095093,
-0.8538882732391357,
0.00041356682777404785,
-0.9419773817062378,
-1.9302117824554443,
-1.257546067237854,
1.0076467990875244,
-0.32056567072868347,
-0.24333783984184265,
0.9927663803100586,
1.5942449569702148,
0.752446174621582,
2.6787915229797363,
1.6049822568893433,
0.1284705102443695,
-0.2924525737762451,
0.10388659685850143,
-0.117441326379776,
-1.4640697240829468,
1.1394580602645874,
-1.033008098602295,
-1.374401330947876,
0.6677354574203491,
1.12623131275177,
-1.1868549585342407,
-0.2874254882335663,
-1.6313444375991821,
-0.026715368032455444,
0.18624022603034973,
-0.8504891395568848,
0.30568408966064453,
2.7078301906585693,
0.024892151355743408,
-0.9879025220870972,
0.32159191370010376,
-0.9533522129058838,
0.9028926491737366,
0.5508130192756653,
0.23451721668243408,
-1.2149195671081543,
-1.474761724472046,
1.0073438882827759,
-2.3312196731567383,
-0.6067438125610352,
1.4714858531951904,
-0.12338583171367645,
0.13187666237354279,
0.8049150109291077,
-1.3153800964355469,
-1.3135349750518799,
-0.4312051832675934,
-0.49646031856536865,
1.2245631217956543,
2.630645513534546,
-0.4198817014694214,
1.2478898763656616,
0.5793153047561646,
-0.9197104573249817,
0.2558165490627289,
-0.9930712580680847,
0.12031164765357971,
1.159767508506775,
2.449105739593506,
-0.9129897952079773,
-1.5241447687149048,
0.7627996802330017,
-1.7690222263336182,
0.8797451853752136,
-0.09824575483798981,
-3.1892106533050537,
0.4385330080986023,
-0.5615074038505554,
-0.24539095163345337,
1.0545872449874878,
1.4343469142913818,
0.14897193014621735,
-0.14293146133422852,
0.07726608216762543,
0.9320748448371887,
0.496298611164093,
0.12353479862213135,
-0.9276145696640015,
-1.2529792785644531,
-1.911409616470337,
0.787765383720398,
-1.166053295135498,
-0.748478889465332,
-1.1345058679580688,
-2.246107578277588,
-0.90390944480896,
0.2929639220237732,
1.3916670083999634,
-0.5943612456321716,
-0.49655863642692566,
1.4115269184112549,
-0.6478800773620605,
-2.076554775238037,
0.7709654569625854,
-0.8762316703796387,
1.518438696861267,
-1.1518402099609375,
-0.47652584314346313,
-0.5693569183349609,
0.7581687569618225,
0.3957505226135254,
-1.1831023693084717,
0.4543842673301697,
-1.0524688959121704,
1.6419389247894287,
-0.29878851771354675,
-2.638815402984619,
0.8539321422576904,
0.9264540672302246,
-1.8477672338485718,
-0.8617604970932007,
0.10187792778015137,
-0.7478550672531128,
0.09720757603645325,
-1.216683268547058,
0.8575606346130371,
0.4140051603317261,
-0.39663758873939514,
-0.4695325791835785,
-0.5156255960464478,
0.6938192844390869,
1.2906405925750732,
0.43326663970947266,
-2.3898508548736572,
0.5408502221107483,
-0.024540439248085022,
-0.41911786794662476,
1.4736979007720947,
1.0970525741577148,
0.20883244276046753,
-0.17455700039863586,
-0.6341053247451782,
-1.0892021656036377,
-0.950298547744751,
0.1547931581735611,
0.18044030666351318,
-0.15074732899665833,
0.1888115406036377,
0.28784841299057007,
-3.4259870052337646,
-1.3246521949768066,
0.3722672164440155,
0.8412003517150879,
1.6020793914794922,
1.1741667985916138,
1.898132085800171,
-0.21043610572814941,
1.4354315996170044,
-0.378166526556015,
-0.7262793779373169,
-0.24503320455551147,
-1.701578974723816,
0.6827484369277954,
0.26101499795913696,
-1.5432451963424683,
1.2580944299697876,
1.555976152420044,
-0.26384687423706055,
1.8076797723770142,
-0.2393157035112381,
0.495975524187088,
-0.7941759824752808,
-0.47748419642448425,
-0.7708897590637207,
0.020842373371124268,
-0.5489805340766907,
-1.4513837099075317,
-0.347287118434906,
-0.32549425959587097,
0.45317238569259644,
-1.4616512060165405,
-1.6238840818405151,
0.47739580273628235,
-0.06211434304714203,
-3.322011947631836,
-0.23811745643615723,
-0.5554025173187256,
0.3427527844905853,
-0.398400217294693,
-0.7150355577468872,
-0.057942524552345276,
-1.1324373483657837,
0.21539974212646484,
0.9162184000015259,
1.4295364618301392,
0.841214120388031,
-1.665150761604309,
-0.699752926826477,
-0.9314907789230347,
0.17991992831230164,
1.1729285717010498,
-0.21109558641910553,
0.9299835562705994,
1.1004575490951538,
-0.0420524924993515,
0.30176031589508057,
1.9346661567687988,
-0.9778378009796143,
-1.560579538345337,
-1.5637321472167969,
1.3378989696502686,
1.1877357959747314,
-0.5401420593261719,
0.6139084696769714,
0.10338548570871353,
0.5100973844528198,
0.48901471495628357,
0.6601389646530151,
0.8663274049758911,
0.6399714946746826,
1.9514065980911255,
0.28525182604789734,
-0.4030066728591919,
-0.9127126932144165,
-0.2296433001756668,
-1.0726431608200073,
1.3270001411437988,
-1.1099342107772827,
0.8114404678344727,
0.034963831305503845,
-2.076566457748413,
-1.8240470886230469,
1.7249319553375244,
0.138015478849411,
0.9660953283309937,
-0.6350396275520325,
-1.3428781032562256,
1.198189616203308,
-0.8081352710723877,
1.9482173919677734,
-0.08532322198152542,
-0.39706701040267944,
-0.5846975445747375,
0.8930433988571167,
-2.053662061691284,
-0.9962475299835205,
0.19102635979652405,
3.105074405670166,
-1.7935850620269775,
-0.18951734900474548,
1.5437818765640259,
0.7188911437988281,
0.6474229097366333,
-0.6287356019020081,
-2.3297343254089355,
-1.1626818180084229,
2.0412120819091797,
0.9254619479179382,
-0.03302508592605591,
0.10712340474128723,
-1.3327120542526245,
1.919580340385437,
-0.38617002964019775,
-0.2354261875152588,
2.0671820640563965,
2.0230813026428223,
0.18513765931129456,
1.3454915285110474,
2.4553771018981934,
1.5873372554779053,
1.6377637386322021,
0.020562633872032166,
-1.5732223987579346,
1.5546233654022217,
0.24019938707351685,
-1.552972435951233,
0.5780737400054932,
-1.9928562641143799,
1.1894642114639282,
0.07322637736797333,
1.0790936946868896,
-1.302377700805664,
-1.4526326656341553,
-1.100279450416565,
-1.3793551921844482,
-0.772223949432373,
-0.5526319742202759,
-0.12875515222549438,
0.5894062519073486,
1.14630925655365,
0.8066299557685852,
-1.2798566818237305,
-0.0004639113321900368,
-0.28337037563323975,
-0.27302080392837524,
2.2134811878204346,
0.8748307228088379,
-1.4297188520431519,
0.4322907328605652,
0.47106659412384033,
-0.10544013977050781,
-1.0056343078613281,
-1.7054277658462524,
0.3352249562740326,
-0.08245885372161865,
2.799203634262085,
0.9838566184043884,
1.3958172798156738,
0.4231598377227783,
-0.4316491186618805,
0.592393159866333,
-1.3244786262512207,
-0.7396451234817505,
-0.06613181531429291,
-0.6136789321899414,
1.5866222381591797,
0.4574020504951477,
0.8608644008636475,
-1.0113753080368042,
1.1770786046981812,
0.3215433359146118,
-0.8509728908538818,
-1.05279541015625,
-0.7298564910888672,
0.6016349196434021,
0.06285664439201355,
1.099176287651062,
1.6078810691833496,
0.5539823770523071,
-1.2978023290634155,
-0.16453230381011963,
-0.2793284058570862,
0.1378130167722702,
-0.661766767501831,
0.45787110924720764,
-0.5361419916152954,
2.1815855503082275,
0.3518106937408447,
1.9065332412719727,
-0.41682371497154236,
-0.47272351384162903,
-0.6907387375831604,
2.3808350563049316,
1.491873860359192,
1.6795765161514282,
0.8035435676574707,
1.4288626909255981,
1.6011229753494263,
0.5279728174209595,
-0.5586256980895996,
1.4094125032424927,
-1.6161959171295166,
0.44993463158607483,
-1.5039749145507812,
1.4190536737442017,
1.341181755065918,
1.1115518808364868
] |
|
cell theory question | forgive me if this sounds stupid but it's *literally* how i was taught it in high school. if every cell comes from a pre-existing cell (cell division), where did the first cell come from? | looking at the simplest possible explanation for a cell, it's really just a system of chemical reactions surrounded by a lipid membrane. while no one really knows how the first cell got formed, there are some interesting things to think about. (i'll try to pitch this near high school level too) 1. when suspended in water, lipids spontaneously form micelles that try to keep their non-polar tails shielded from the polar water molecules. it's not far fetched at all to figure that some of these lipids would surround various chemical reactions. 2. the nucleic acid rna can act as both a template for copying more rna and also as an enzyme (the term is ribozyme). this means that, instead of trying to figure out the 'chicken and egg' scenario of dna + proteins, a simpler rna based life system could plausibly have preceded dna. doing a bit of reading on *rna world* will help. 3. there is evidence that some of the metabolic cycles that we see are of **truly** ancient origin. it might be a bit beyond you but [this](_url_0_) paper looks at how *hypercycles* could have led to self-sustaining chemical reactions and, after all, that's what we really are. 4. self-sustaining chemical reactions that incorporate ribozymes and are bounded by lipid layers are "cells". copying all of the components would make another cell and, if that cell had a large competitive advantage, would quickly dominate the biosphere. edit i forgot to specify that none of the above has been conclusively demonstrated and just represents an educated guess from qualified researchers. origin of life (abiogenesis) research is robust and peer-reviewed but a long way from being conclusive. | 11 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=autocatalytic%20hypercycle&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&ved=0CEsQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1099-4300%2F12%2F7%2F1733%2Fpdf&ei=jsgxUNH4Kejo6wGMt4GwBQ&usg=AFQjCNEtBi2EW4Qifvpjsv3NX_rHDGbtWQ"
] | [
-5.295510292053223,
-0.052792005240917206,
-1.4061890840530396,
-1.3177382946014404,
-1.496362328529358,
-1.5395255088806152,
-1.4877525568008423,
1.2702231407165527,
2.369598150253296,
-1.091673731803894,
2.7584540843963623,
-1.5475488901138306,
-1.19107186794281,
-0.7733430862426758,
-0.6233315467834473,
-0.4804074168205261,
-3.9951791763305664,
-0.4782365560531616,
-4.044088363647461,
1.7753806114196777,
1.5810203552246094,
1.882451057434082,
1.0348221063613892,
0.9027351140975952,
0.5867593288421631,
0.013167530298233032,
-1.303884506225586,
0.9245545864105225,
0.9630860090255737,
-1.4752514362335205,
2.774670124053955,
2.8019280433654785,
0.4831239879131317,
-0.7011109590530396,
0.27429211139678955,
0.08949857205152512,
-1.1640344858169556,
0.6828344464302063,
0.8777387738227844,
0.581800103187561,
1.146553635597229,
-1.7445168495178223,
-1.1019017696380615,
1.777797818183899,
-0.1137925311923027,
0.9700713157653809,
1.677039623260498,
-0.08083780109882355,
-2.1013002395629883,
-0.6276730298995972,
-0.7641796469688416,
-1.7912981510162354,
-3.1634521484375,
-1.344678521156311,
0.6361991763114929,
1.0126327276229858,
-1.6328366994857788,
-3.174448013305664,
0.015562739223241806,
-2.449458122253418,
0.20501819252967834,
-1.4403795003890991,
-0.9237691164016724,
2.4865291118621826,
3.458570718765259,
0.10448014736175537,
1.2431330680847168,
0.9894785284996033,
1.2764267921447754,
2.508739709854126,
-1.1538020372390747,
-0.44568419456481934,
-1.0336482524871826,
0.6134593486785889,
0.5735718011856079,
2.9312310218811035,
-0.8678510189056396,
0.008249431848526001,
-0.08582198619842529,
-1.646510362625122,
-0.7615600824356079,
-1.8936805725097656,
-0.32066887617111206,
0.15586310625076294,
-1.3810855150222778,
4.371083736419678,
2.498520851135254,
-0.020296096801757812,
-1.6736243963241577,
1.2352778911590576,
-2.7120862007141113,
-2.8339531421661377,
1.81439208984375,
1.093204379081726,
-2.6027350425720215,
4.099956512451172,
1.4322426319122314,
-2.1466057300567627,
2.9113399982452393,
-0.5389336347579956,
-1.2532304525375366,
1.6760191917419434,
-2.159092426300049,
-1.762540340423584,
-2.038306951522827,
-2.519340991973877,
-1.1333394050598145,
1.5166804790496826,
1.4640495777130127,
0.672568142414093,
-2.5835013389587402,
-0.8959067463874817,
1.7789748907089233,
-1.458238959312439,
-0.11539784073829651,
-1.3853669166564941,
0.5649469494819641,
-0.3156197667121887,
-1.4723509550094604,
-1.1990084648132324,
-1.7099732160568237,
-1.9179601669311523,
0.9124906063079834,
1.1581218242645264,
2.226102828979492,
1.6382629871368408,
-2.292499542236328,
2.1073224544525146,
3.0861337184906006,
0.6360852122306824,
4.472069263458252,
0.505476713180542,
0.25211939215660095,
0.23780953884124756,
-2.1640052795410156,
-2.594564199447632,
1.0430405139923096,
-0.7426706552505493,
-3.8445005416870117,
2.160945415496826,
0.04852008819580078,
-0.2188071310520172,
-1.5233628749847412,
-0.5531291961669922,
-1.296639084815979,
1.3325958251953125,
1.273515224456787,
-2.5524439811706543,
-0.8672693967819214,
0.40364670753479004,
-1.4713090658187866,
-3.4286561012268066,
0.07136256992816925,
0.7109271883964539,
-0.616420328617096,
-1.7212519645690918,
1.1926343441009521,
1.1566535234451294,
1.5718649625778198,
1.3344295024871826,
-3.8257012367248535,
2.8969171047210693,
1.5351203680038452,
4.996639728546143,
0.25147297978401184,
-1.9725620746612549,
-0.16440525650978088,
0.17738555371761322,
2.231898307800293,
0.8394801616668701,
-0.24630184471607208,
-1.4669334888458252,
2.1101479530334473,
-1.7400767803192139,
-3.0360052585601807,
-1.1230645179748535,
-2.1122043132781982,
-1.2517099380493164,
2.3765432834625244,
2.690398931503296,
2.738616943359375,
0.15425363183021545,
3.479869842529297,
0.25815972685813904,
-2.2233710289001465,
-1.2466903924942017,
-0.8222670555114746,
1.3927638530731201,
-1.6436644792556763,
1.0532774925231934,
-1.8694483041763306,
2.0858616828918457,
-0.9103090763092041,
2.698577404022217,
-2.7474300861358643,
-1.2917331457138062,
0.6815537214279175,
1.130084753036499,
1.2948596477508545,
-2.399345636367798,
0.7878895401954651,
-1.9208096265792847,
-0.8015438914299011,
-0.6548089981079102,
0.415493369102478,
-1.365792155265808,
-0.06280189752578735,
1.3684030771255493,
-0.6847131252288818,
-0.5802320837974548,
-3.396608352661133,
-5.4747209548950195,
-3.0133538246154785,
-0.016946494579315186,
-0.3180890679359436,
-0.017484862357378006,
-0.3514857888221741,
-0.9054186344146729,
-0.7537385821342468,
-2.023855209350586,
0.3476009964942932,
-1.3988065719604492,
-1.010553002357483,
-2.119575262069702,
-0.3693920075893402,
-3.337822198867798,
-0.7547825574874878,
0.14860588312149048,
-0.6547024250030518,
3.2608683109283447,
-0.16913433372974396,
0.4200252294540405,
-0.10552406311035156,
-0.671768844127655,
0.7449274063110352,
1.2238273620605469,
2.728848934173584,
-1.6477786302566528,
0.5625941157341003,
-1.4401112794876099,
0.2087155133485794,
-0.1499359905719757,
-0.5699368119239807,
0.8135074377059937,
-2.6468887329101562,
0.8727387189865112,
-0.8068329095840454,
4.6794352531433105,
0.5521783232688904,
2.5505850315093994,
-1.6754794120788574,
0.6633098721504211,
1.0715224742889404,
0.6772651672363281,
1.113901972770691,
0.8135061264038086,
-0.4929712116718292,
0.10283201932907104,
-1.0700947046279907,
2.5951035022735596,
2.0986804962158203,
0.5590484738349915,
0.48223087191581726,
-3.654492139816284,
0.03886289894580841,
0.6758888959884644,
-1.2041642665863037,
1.5298962593078613,
1.153833270072937,
1.9247103929519653,
1.797562599182129,
0.31219759583473206,
0.3598942160606384,
-0.812420129776001,
1.7096834182739258,
0.5533955097198486,
-1.3094210624694824,
-3.092193841934204,
1.6837694644927979,
0.9028948545455933,
1.3888012170791626,
-3.4838967323303223,
1.1572504043579102,
-0.5161244869232178,
-1.615188479423523,
-3.1501383781433105,
1.2580907344818115,
-1.7203682661056519,
0.06593170762062073,
-0.10052983462810516,
-1.7990303039550781,
1.741501808166504,
-0.15599016845226288,
-1.0185703039169312,
2.6777446269989014,
3.421751022338867,
-0.8515995144844055,
0.5800632238388062,
1.2431738376617432,
-0.5801166296005249,
-3.6567420959472656,
-2.5462422370910645,
-2.147199869155884,
-0.7401254177093506,
-1.7271188497543335,
0.6737154722213745,
0.6769524216651917,
1.2245674133300781,
1.9202210903167725,
-3.4490766525268555,
-0.200458362698555,
-1.7479910850524902,
2.0044331550598145,
-0.6612091660499573,
-0.49283701181411743,
-0.23904353380203247,
-0.20538344979286194,
4.49019718170166,
1.9321134090423584,
1.4403560161590576,
5.387753009796143,
-1.5745291709899902,
2.262439727783203,
2.2537841796875,
-1.0057101249694824,
1.0330371856689453,
1.6211813688278198,
-0.8761223554611206,
0.9285435080528259,
-1.1486427783966064,
-0.5390090346336365,
4.252449035644531,
2.1727170944213867,
0.35542285442352295,
0.9809303879737854,
2.0102381706237793,
-1.0951999425888062,
0.1669437289237976,
-1.9592418670654297,
-0.856961190700531,
-2.2969400882720947,
1.3225352764129639,
0.46707677841186523,
0.6250841617584229,
0.061621107161045074,
-1.8038760423660278,
0.7892928123474121,
0.9131048321723938,
-3.0836262702941895,
-0.09467864781618118,
-0.0687466636300087,
1.9140928983688354,
1.053606629371643,
0.7482203841209412,
2.476961135864258,
-1.6110658645629883,
-2.0231122970581055,
-0.14735758304595947,
1.6265276670455933,
0.802984893321991,
-1.5561379194259644,
-0.9733974933624268,
-1.5096666812896729,
3.697671890258789,
0.38658037781715393,
2.8736510276794434,
-0.16426070034503937,
1.282016634941101,
0.714252233505249,
1.1102583408355713,
1.2628600597381592,
4.223836421966553,
2.0958199501037598,
-3.115631103515625,
-2.987947940826416,
0.7103659510612488,
-3.281679153442383,
0.30538731813430786,
0.08543680608272552,
-0.09490977972745895,
2.418917179107666,
-0.38641756772994995,
6.016535758972168,
-0.6832886934280396
] |
do we know why some people do not see objects directly in front of them? | do we know what causes people to overlook objects they're looking for even though they've looked directly at them. i'm talking more about brain functions than something like a blind spot. (but if it's really just blind spots please educate me.) | there are a number of possibilities, both pathological and physiologic: 1) an actual blind spot, brought upon by damage to the eye (cornea, lens, or retina), conduction pathways (ocular nerve or optic radiations), or occipital lobe. this 'blind spot' can present in any number of ways, from central scotoma to bitemporal hemianopsia to homonymous hemianopsia etc. 2) a perception problem like hemispatial neglect, which is generally caused by damage to the contralateral parietal lobe. in this scenario, the patient's vision is normal, but perception of visual data is disrupted such that the patient may completely ignore anything on the left side. 3) the answer that's most relevant to your question involves the field of attention and spatial awareness. the current model describes a difference between bottom-up and top-down attention. the former depends on the visual stimulus 'standing out' to catch your attention, while the former requires concentrated searching to find an object. a good illustration is seen with [this example of bottom-up](_url_1_) vs [this example of top-down](_url_0_) processing. with regards to your question, it's possible that the object just doesn't 'jump out' enough to trigger bottom-up attention, and requires the more difficult top-down searching. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/s9HQR.png",
"http://i.imgur.com/zwFQE.png"
] | [
1.9659298658370972,
0.5758005380630493,
0.008150123059749603,
0.23795412480831146,
1.0999573469161987,
-0.6258065700531006,
3.805847644805908,
0.5532554388046265,
3.047614574432373,
0.6579562425613403,
3.3754889965057373,
-2.5063276290893555,
0.8222672939300537,
-0.625494658946991,
-0.17205190658569336,
-0.4009769558906555,
2.0841238498687744,
-0.31876063346862793,
-2.4654078483581543,
1.0658481121063232,
1.0746742486953735,
0.47058480978012085,
0.8102894425392151,
-1.1676353216171265,
-2.611210823059082,
-0.7765746712684631,
0.6263253688812256,
-1.6478060483932495,
-0.9602536559104919,
-2.3444411754608154,
-1.1431381702423096,
1.6567202806472778,
0.0014638304710388184,
-0.8142660856246948,
0.3758125305175781,
0.057986050844192505,
-0.6456089019775391,
1.2530522346496582,
1.1468098163604736,
-0.5116854310035706,
-1.5372178554534912,
-0.17370575666427612,
-0.5650038123130798,
1.2449332475662231,
0.5627803802490234,
1.7156727313995361,
-0.13180220127105713,
0.7394903898239136,
-0.9748145341873169,
-0.6889548897743225,
-2.310424327850342,
-0.889382004737854,
-2.6142568588256836,
-0.10189855098724365,
0.1731097251176834,
2.8802804946899414,
-0.8711903691291809,
-0.43584144115448,
-1.0465073585510254,
1.000422716140747,
-0.7628462314605713,
0.7555943727493286,
-2.645319938659668,
3.595696210861206,
2.9362075328826904,
0.7004388570785522,
-1.774949073791504,
-1.6777573823928833,
0.4087066948413849,
2.131467580795288,
2.050676107406616,
-0.39070624113082886,
-2.353780746459961,
0.21308553218841553,
1.26335871219635,
-0.6789523363113403,
-0.6128923296928406,
0.7943992614746094,
0.6314473152160645,
-2.3282599449157715,
1.0686678886413574,
1.9780621528625488,
-1.363213062286377,
0.2734519839286804,
-0.8235720992088318,
1.306626319885254,
0.4033960700035095,
0.43258967995643616,
-1.1952226161956787,
-0.13802406191825867,
-0.9636192321777344,
-2.423509120941162,
-0.8979219198226929,
-0.22650623321533203,
1.1594204902648926,
-0.8393030166625977,
-0.6200274229049683,
-2.0843329429626465,
-1.047257423400879,
0.7947530746459961,
-2.54024076461792,
1.7428035736083984,
-1.2295454740524292,
1.3475584983825684,
0.6083332896232605,
-1.1669318675994873,
1.3737006187438965,
-0.8480618000030518,
-0.34252452850341797,
1.8308217525482178,
-1.8345575332641602,
-2.089932918548584,
0.9263915419578552,
-0.14365853369235992,
0.3765581250190735,
-0.7804648876190186,
-0.13546955585479736,
-1.0551692247390747,
0.3743688464164734,
-3.5660672187805176,
0.8722784519195557,
-1.0462965965270996,
-0.24590185284614563,
-0.5925647020339966,
0.9109864234924316,
-0.40277260541915894,
-0.17264151573181152,
2.805812358856201,
0.025676250457763672,
-0.7378373146057129,
-0.03183601051568985,
-2.9054207801818848,
0.9541380405426025,
-0.02473480999469757,
-0.7933281660079956,
-0.761206865310669,
1.762311577796936,
1.167899250984192,
-0.4301694929599762,
0.8726786971092224,
0.498310923576355,
1.8157260417938232,
1.7637672424316406,
1.0266833305358887,
-1.2199108600616455,
3.8706979751586914,
-2.1062190532684326,
-2.007789373397827,
0.27344322204589844,
-0.4741792678833008,
-1.7112867832183838,
-2.2095770835876465,
0.3964971899986267,
0.8610846996307373,
-0.8738304376602173,
-0.025580883026123047,
-1.9211530685424805,
2.1159987449645996,
-0.8277043104171753,
1.8447548151016235,
-1.5025224685668945,
-1.015425682067871,
-1.9197651147842407,
2.4681568145751953,
0.8611775636672974,
0.44892874360084534,
0.005130767822265625,
-1.4924612045288086,
-0.23877421021461487,
1.9548313617706299,
0.601107656955719,
-0.4024224281311035,
-1.2042479515075684,
-1.2805449962615967,
0.9021973013877869,
-1.0805402994155884,
-4.627208709716797,
2.297211170196533,
-0.11447359621524811,
-1.428295612335205,
1.3865402936935425,
-1.6178958415985107,
0.48078006505966187,
1.069144606590271,
-0.9856388568878174,
-0.21119773387908936,
-0.4227793514728546,
1.5823535919189453,
2.675480365753174,
-0.8625819087028503,
-0.5904346108436584,
1.2786400318145752,
1.955870509147644,
0.7769831418991089,
-0.48116621375083923,
-0.07179474830627441,
0.7543337941169739,
-2.2289905548095703,
-0.9864975810050964,
0.27527809143066406,
-0.19383586943149567,
-2.251777172088623,
-2.2684385776519775,
-1.9739549160003662,
-1.3831442594528198,
0.22228620946407318,
0.5048276782035828,
0.1147012710571289,
0.96818608045578,
0.24872809648513794,
-0.7121972441673279,
-2.1956989765167236,
-2.5005221366882324,
0.45041853189468384,
2.7726693153381348,
-1.4083172082901,
-1.4947681427001953,
0.6534283757209778,
-1.458512783050537,
1.8712341785430908,
-1.0611149072647095,
-0.40595129132270813,
-0.4161028265953064,
-4.6977105140686035,
-1.217008113861084,
-0.03727836161851883,
0.3680444359779358,
0.5163574814796448,
-1.6617791652679443,
0.7744568586349487,
3.0596370697021484,
0.3996535539627075,
1.5030752420425415,
0.8748799562454224,
-3.1177406311035156,
1.20542311668396,
-0.5590296983718872,
0.03780046105384827,
0.0010621994733810425,
-1.6150411367416382,
0.2503177523612976,
-0.21397936344146729,
-2.8248162269592285,
1.434831142425537,
-0.9257470369338989,
-0.7940085530281067,
-1.7967270612716675,
-1.4673672914505005,
0.8909309506416321,
4.64497709274292,
-1.1101704835891724,
0.48771584033966064,
-3.0501863956451416,
0.29199883341789246,
-2.55051851272583,
-0.1177096962928772,
-1.546453833580017,
-0.4348350167274475,
0.05515081435441971,
0.7819991707801819,
0.8931797742843628,
-0.893713116645813,
-1.527907371520996,
1.0378096103668213,
0.47265881299972534,
1.730564832687378,
1.713019847869873,
0.8305440545082092,
0.4073629379272461,
1.0472382307052612,
-1.7570810317993164,
-0.9100199341773987,
0.6375116109848022,
-0.2542549669742584,
-0.5947915315628052,
0.9412058591842651,
0.41870927810668945,
0.09445634484291077,
-0.596444845199585,
0.5448273420333862,
-0.029375791549682617,
-2.2353949546813965,
0.18134085834026337,
0.25852298736572266,
0.9228935837745667,
-1.187959909439087,
-1.5116078853607178,
-0.3904266953468323,
2.8315329551696777,
0.9855182766914368,
-0.18455159664154053,
2.4420459270477295,
2.015496253967285,
-1.830925703048706,
2.4125561714172363,
0.09121179580688477,
-1.0058107376098633,
-0.7726953625679016,
0.4023486375808716,
1.0729690790176392,
-0.18468451499938965,
0.5885981917381287,
-0.8909347057342529,
1.4117153882980347,
-1.354648232460022,
0.28850221633911133,
0.4633892774581909,
0.5977970957756042,
0.7651960849761963,
1.334481954574585,
-2.5489540100097656,
-1.82905113697052,
-0.6557793617248535,
0.5462945103645325,
-3.0087451934814453,
1.5115894079208374,
-1.556710958480835,
0.7108205556869507,
0.6765232086181641,
0.1815422922372818,
-1.893353819847107,
-1.2776316404342651,
1.2130482196807861,
1.384578824043274,
1.6821751594543457,
-1.4803107976913452,
-0.2565220296382904,
1.7844520807266235,
-2.006546974182129,
-0.0863720178604126,
-2.51454496383667,
1.417662262916565,
0.4179346561431885,
0.6534801125526428,
1.511150598526001,
0.5857717394828796,
-0.8713555932044983,
-0.8472362756729126,
-1.4260280132293701,
0.14998763799667358,
1.3967461585998535,
0.15264397859573364,
0.8708527088165283,
0.6301819682121277,
0.11840644478797913,
1.4235585927963257,
-0.7988896369934082,
2.9710023403167725,
-1.433772325515747,
0.04368371516466141,
2.458191394805908,
4.301001071929932,
1.3954205513000488,
1.2788671255111694,
4.145559787750244,
-1.422274112701416,
-0.16618475317955017,
1.4098069667816162,
0.07771116495132446,
0.3093104958534241,
1.41326904296875,
-2.2529702186584473,
1.020649790763855,
5.918071746826172,
-0.8566148281097412,
1.9389333724975586,
1.8844201564788818,
-0.5789159536361694,
1.0850509405136108,
-0.350790798664093,
-0.3875698745250702,
0.694859504699707,
1.315897822380066,
0.21490293741226196,
-0.4524384140968323,
-0.5259215831756592,
3.116328716278076,
-0.7522839903831482,
-3.980320453643799,
2.7031285762786865,
3.597090244293213,
2.257493257522583,
0.6998227834701538,
1.9443100690841675
] |
how to maximize the value of a power tower? | what is the maximum value of a power tower (a^b^c ...) if 1: a + b + c ... = a constant 2: a x b x c ... = a constant is there even a general solution? i'm genuinely curious. please excuse my poor notation, i'm not a math major. thanks. | i'll solve the case where there are two numbers in the power tower. firstly, we seek to maximize a^b where a+b is held constant. note that this is equivalent to maximizing b * ln a, if we take the natural log of a^b. if a+b= some constant c, then we seek to maximize (c-a) * ln(a). the derivative of this is c/a -1 - ln(a), so this is maxmized at c=a+aln(a), which indicates that b=a * ln(a). this should have a non-elementary solution if you wish to solve a in terms of c. in the other case, a * b is constant and we seek to maximize b * ln(a). then b * ln(a)= c * ln(a)/a , and this is maximized at ln(a)=1, or a=e. not sure how this extends to multiple variables, but it's clear in the case of two variables it's maximized at a = e, no matter what the constant is. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5414537191390991,
1.234430193901062,
-0.33406662940979004,
-0.8141258358955383,
-2.453340768814087,
0.29922375082969666,
1.3704735040664673,
1.484377384185791,
-0.22285045683383942,
0.8764883279800415,
0.5124219655990601,
0.5970746874809265,
0.9621032476425171,
-0.5038729310035706,
-0.7514720559120178,
1.8564316034317017,
-0.31604301929473877,
0.46795162558555603,
-4.272063255310059,
-1.006069302558899,
1.4528887271881104,
-0.5618091225624084,
-0.1469115912914276,
0.2837839722633362,
0.15480855107307434,
-0.37592846155166626,
0.8157492876052856,
0.262768030166626,
1.2273694276809692,
-0.4150867462158203,
-0.4045390188694,
1.1379027366638184,
1.7122433185577393,
0.17278358340263367,
-1.28461754322052,
0.8858233094215393,
-0.24215060472488403,
1.020704984664917,
0.495380163192749,
0.20452028512954712,
0.433107852935791,
-0.3126918077468872,
0.23752634227275848,
1.8158586025238037,
0.12014803290367126,
0.4555257558822632,
-0.6858931183815002,
0.9337589740753174,
-1.3753031492233276,
0.2972315847873688,
-0.27517396211624146,
0.39465975761413574,
-0.6024085879325867,
-1.0957659482955933,
0.4943560063838959,
0.3022392988204956,
-0.2026025354862213,
-1.915692925453186,
0.45158958435058594,
-1.0445542335510254,
1.1170328855514526,
-0.15571953356266022,
0.8543716073036194,
0.44884192943573,
2.120558261871338,
-0.8166897892951965,
0.7293426990509033,
0.5107423067092896,
-1.3373641967773438,
3.415903091430664,
0.12248264253139496,
-0.1562252640724182,
-0.24428437650203705,
-0.10411426424980164,
0.011002548038959503,
0.7527815103530884,
-0.7959941625595093,
0.6819007396697998,
0.7286978960037231,
0.21394386887550354,
0.5809099674224854,
-0.9763728976249695,
-1.292867660522461,
-1.5280119180679321,
-1.4989798069000244,
1.747829794883728,
2.2671830654144287,
-0.1856134533882141,
2.2512381076812744,
0.1189102903008461,
-0.7084854245185852,
-1.9852893352508545,
-2.7317731380462646,
0.003774411976337433,
0.45615333318710327,
-0.2482410967350006,
-0.2359631061553955,
-2.8068647384643555,
-0.5730931758880615,
0.6796998977661133,
-1.0106273889541626,
0.2064124047756195,
-1.329129934310913,
-0.05997550114989281,
-0.13230204582214355,
-1.3538529872894287,
-1.606751561164856,
0.21968498826026917,
0.038542695343494415,
0.0495016947388649,
0.9480472207069397,
-0.6618268489837646,
2.122763156890869,
0.027740083634853363,
-0.09549197554588318,
-0.3352453410625458,
2.3490660190582275,
0.579319179058075,
0.25422346591949463,
-1.3369141817092896,
0.8113141655921936,
0.1472339630126953,
0.04063950479030609,
0.11296683549880981,
-0.28333792090415955,
0.9835795760154724,
0.7633779644966125,
0.2475135177373886,
-0.7528457045555115,
-0.8323177099227905,
1.3765240907669067,
-1.0209938287734985,
-0.2812235355377197,
0.6656036972999573,
-0.3947140872478485,
0.5249992609024048,
0.169148787856102,
-0.361848920583725,
-2.6915805339813232,
1.6024786233901978,
1.1612675189971924,
1.320878028869629,
0.8446102738380432,
-0.599866509437561,
1.2086243629455566,
0.32844555377960205,
-1.2295846939086914,
-0.7525484561920166,
-0.14176681637763977,
-2.8314735889434814,
-0.7004197835922241,
-0.5735639929771423,
0.022469960153102875,
-3.688844919204712,
0.24031870067119598,
-0.5289599299430847,
-0.04158546030521393,
-0.40480461716651917,
-0.6074391603469849,
0.01740541309118271,
-0.42058253288269043,
1.680327296257019,
0.9509028792381287,
0.51096510887146,
0.30146336555480957,
2.600628614425659,
1.3586124181747437,
-0.28829845786094666,
-1.4107563495635986,
1.0810497999191284,
0.7021119594573975,
-0.17149041593074799,
-0.08720734715461731,
0.6331301927566528,
0.6386536955833435,
-0.3813233971595764,
-2.061762571334839,
-0.8765059113502502,
0.08537396788597107,
0.8393927812576294,
-0.049163177609443665,
-0.7529735565185547,
1.1813445091247559,
0.17615637183189392,
-0.5178730487823486,
1.0238280296325684,
0.7359932065010071,
2.8620643615722656,
-0.844422459602356,
-1.1065360307693481,
-1.1372843980789185,
-0.04147493839263916,
-2.03949236869812,
0.7938747406005859,
-0.49214452505111694,
-2.3338379859924316,
1.0082093477249146,
-1.0778285264968872,
0.5106298923492432,
0.48002922534942627,
0.8898373246192932,
-1.3471479415893555,
-0.02694973349571228,
0.0699923038482666,
1.6869807243347168,
1.634061574935913,
-1.3772666454315186,
-1.5282660722732544,
-1.204008936882019,
0.8483154773712158,
-0.09981986880302429,
-1.2458794116973877,
-0.7299597859382629,
-1.220897912979126,
-0.7394769787788391,
0.3384343981742859,
0.5740194320678711,
-1.677207112312317,
-0.4987630844116211,
0.5740640163421631,
1.190830945968628,
0.4304361641407013,
1.4838638305664062,
-1.4098414182662964,
-0.31658390164375305,
-0.28200477361679077,
0.39735424518585205,
1.0204484462738037,
-0.13408146798610687,
0.0199371837079525,
0.7062248587608337,
-2.627281665802002,
-1.0185939073562622,
-0.2834681272506714,
0.8980650901794434,
0.03614048659801483,
-0.17019155621528625,
0.6132190227508545,
-0.5776004791259766,
-1.1102689504623413,
-0.03655920922756195,
-0.42500588297843933,
0.3975355923175812,
1.0248377323150635,
-0.03039391338825226,
1.1143299341201782,
-1.9709620475769043,
0.4198387563228607,
0.778602659702301,
0.847146213054657,
-2.4790637493133545,
1.0456820726394653,
-1.522132396697998,
0.24057868123054504,
-0.06267610192298889,
-1.4220527410507202,
-0.11272308230400085,
-0.30867063999176025,
-1.0097758769989014,
-0.05960715562105179,
2.434018611907959,
-0.24979089200496674,
0.6185131669044495,
2.440378189086914,
-0.028321251273155212,
-0.4067031741142273,
0.7125027179718018,
-0.3861403465270996,
0.5546610355377197,
-0.531903088092804,
0.779143750667572,
-1.5254155397415161,
0.48003464937210083,
-0.4308395981788635,
0.08567401766777039,
-1.0559065341949463,
0.8385303616523743,
-0.015170902013778687,
-1.067809820175171,
0.6620402932167053,
-0.6250790953636169,
-1.244645357131958,
-0.02667461335659027,
-0.15577542781829834,
-0.592398464679718,
-0.41040220856666565,
1.710571527481079,
1.6759984493255615,
-0.4140920639038086,
-1.5314772129058838,
0.37831270694732666,
1.139435887336731,
1.1954725980758667,
-1.8215514421463013,
0.6800376176834106,
2.458153009414673,
-1.1363518238067627,
-0.30172786116600037,
-0.06521870195865631,
-1.566602110862732,
1.3127391338348389,
-1.1345642805099487,
-0.7363826036453247,
0.6583913564682007,
-1.5260510444641113,
1.0993590354919434,
2.0615394115448,
0.3366698920726776,
0.16877403855323792,
-0.37844955921173096,
1.3587578535079956,
-0.5497126579284668,
0.5429888367652893,
0.9878017902374268,
-1.3350197076797485,
1.2426321506500244,
-1.2594999074935913,
0.040457092225551605,
0.48752978444099426,
1.0102758407592773,
-1.0583773851394653,
-2.909391403198242,
-1.3039109706878662,
-0.08936358988285065,
1.1387559175491333,
-0.26171767711639404,
0.186305433511734,
-1.3632819652557373,
-0.5704779028892517,
-0.5008941888809204,
0.9417524933815002,
1.2940521240234375,
-1.7327052354812622,
-0.7613838911056519,
-0.3592187762260437,
0.0523754358291626,
-1.151808738708496,
0.5096554160118103,
-0.784441351890564,
1.5729079246520996,
-0.755865752696991,
1.1939661502838135,
-0.3939836621284485,
0.13152557611465454,
1.3577264547348022,
-0.1955312341451645,
-1.0712287425994873,
-0.26947933435440063,
-0.17418666183948517,
-1.0794380903244019,
-0.15093430876731873,
2.3654167652130127,
1.7368648052215576,
-1.3722509145736694,
1.5726158618927002,
1.1784809827804565,
0.8036339282989502,
0.9554742574691772,
-0.7399239540100098,
0.39085668325424194,
0.11494839191436768,
0.19738362729549408,
-0.31353387236595154,
2.5652034282684326,
-0.24916096031665802,
-0.314832866191864,
-0.8221758604049683,
-1.0069574117660522,
0.5779393911361694,
0.2008754312992096,
1.1205955743789673,
2.197747230529785,
0.6970981955528259,
-0.278773695230484,
0.3756182789802551,
-1.644397497177124,
-1.7313058376312256,
-0.37979739904403687,
-1.8553720712661743,
-1.2240277528762817,
-1.2264430522918701,
0.9232089519500732,
2.011794328689575,
1.441602110862732
] |
why are the boosters on the atlas v arrayed asymmetrically? | [here's a diagram of the solid fuel boosters](_url_0_). is it to help with gravity turning? | its because originally the atlas v rockets weren't designed to accommodate solid boosters. they were added later upon request. however, the main engine section on the atlas v has important features running down its side in fixed places (oxygen supply and electrical stuff iirc). therefore the boosters cannot simply be placed wherever and results in an asymmetrical orientation. scott manley just released a great video on this, which also shows how gimbaling engines are used to control the offset boosters: _url_0_ | 4 | [] | [
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Atlas_V_family.png"
] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-o6BLBzsUA"
] | [
-1.2619924545288086,
1.5253889560699463,
-0.6844208240509033,
-0.6791031360626221,
-0.23785163462162018,
-0.6325185298919678,
0.44354504346847534,
0.9859551191329956,
-0.061544179916381836,
-0.1946558952331543,
0.6695141792297363,
0.8348469138145447,
0.7255623936653137,
-0.58543461561203,
0.05618228018283844,
0.18169240653514862,
-0.4902570843696594,
-0.39141690731048584,
-1.3559796810150146,
0.05936440825462341,
1.4160157442092896,
-0.4467294216156006,
-0.9019848108291626,
0.0498957633972168,
-0.423729807138443,
0.12083131819963455,
-0.4374532997608185,
0.7319505214691162,
0.938015878200531,
-1.388315200805664,
0.03894682228565216,
-0.03104737401008606,
-0.5507930517196655,
-0.5928741693496704,
0.6381039023399353,
0.369319885969162,
0.4372122883796692,
-1.146289348602295,
-1.1754833459854126,
-0.23983675241470337,
0.49773046374320984,
-1.2212276458740234,
0.2483305037021637,
0.6070453524589539,
0.4965938925743103,
0.9834542274475098,
0.9037932753562927,
-0.47180479764938354,
-0.04586975276470184,
-0.2252565175294876,
-0.6764565110206604,
0.23095537722110748,
-0.45423975586891174,
-1.427133321762085,
-0.24838310480117798,
0.039268821477890015,
-0.8231872320175171,
0.10206471383571625,
0.16397522389888763,
-0.5178134441375732,
0.43315011262893677,
-1.282936692237854,
-0.7449489831924438,
0.5443143248558044,
0.3878988027572632,
-0.8185772895812988,
-0.25572359561920166,
-0.6183422803878784,
0.4037546217441559,
0.8747050166130066,
-0.3419302999973297,
-0.5108097195625305,
-0.8841241598129272,
-0.7221293449401855,
0.5644809603691101,
0.24259768426418304,
-0.2428435981273651,
0.8603100776672363,
-0.33274543285369873,
-1.1094391345977783,
-0.9695287942886353,
-1.2860628366470337,
-1.0206339359283447,
-0.6251417994499207,
-0.18291640281677246,
1.1577000617980957,
0.8048545122146606,
0.12135288119316101,
-0.047274768352508545,
0.0015180651098489761,
0.4882671535015106,
-0.8910766243934631,
-0.0450935959815979,
0.6910753846168518,
-0.10736759006977081,
0.9219739437103271,
1.2477426528930664,
-0.5557849407196045,
-0.3976375162601471,
0.8139520883560181,
-0.1260935366153717,
-0.36230140924453735,
-0.2046705037355423,
2.033094882965088,
-1.5719114542007446,
-0.2867733836174011,
-0.4858436584472656,
1.5268566608428955,
-0.17339912056922913,
-0.9391381740570068,
0.45802101492881775,
-0.26139092445373535,
0.07646100968122482,
0.5650904774665833,
-1.5449177026748657,
-0.3928700089454651,
-0.947040319442749,
-0.14283208549022675,
-1.587583303451538,
-1.0718344449996948,
0.7717874050140381,
-1.16349458694458,
0.43420103192329407,
1.2121820449829102,
0.5869389772415161,
-0.4780040979385376,
0.3796311616897583,
0.2947986423969269,
-0.47417038679122925,
0.31193381547927856,
1.1909127235412598,
-0.23591287434101105,
-0.06130281090736389,
0.159073144197464,
0.016478585079312325,
0.5844955444335938,
0.4725438952445984,
0.4885435402393341,
-1.0515985488891602,
1.8282464742660522,
-0.009263448417186737,
1.5159305334091187,
-0.32064592838287354,
-1.3517955541610718,
-0.28829431533813477,
0.4891577363014221,
-1.381666898727417,
-0.4567015767097473,
0.5587299466133118,
0.31328508257865906,
0.29211941361427307,
-0.4442439377307892,
0.1422017216682434,
1.7420008182525635,
-0.4057857394218445,
-0.08441111445426941,
-1.463356852531433,
0.8431417346000671,
0.4359859824180603,
-0.12253545224666595,
-0.2714232802391052,
0.8738279342651367,
-0.07525208592414856,
0.6595315337181091,
-1.2641668319702148,
0.2986414134502411,
-0.985999584197998,
-0.5828113555908203,
0.3196355700492859,
0.4499383568763733,
-0.9457252025604248,
0.5230051279067993,
-0.4627687335014343,
-0.6929559111595154,
2.281859874725342,
0.2110445499420166,
0.4325772821903229,
0.13052210211753845,
-0.01861250400543213,
1.4481273889541626,
0.3376939296722412,
-0.6860952377319336,
1.8862016201019287,
-0.260032594203949,
-0.49270227551460266,
1.031666874885559,
0.13049936294555664,
-0.2471981793642044,
0.7350776791572571,
-0.10937991738319397,
0.8586095571517944,
0.4786960184574127,
0.22028043866157532,
0.599571704864502,
1.0228817462921143,
-0.0002811551094055176,
0.08076998591423035,
-0.7998178005218506,
0.41397255659103394,
0.26467692852020264,
0.08798582851886749,
0.24431467056274414,
0.49587222933769226,
-0.20661357045173645,
-0.5316155552864075,
0.0839158445596695,
-0.3182063698768616,
-1.14663565158844,
-1.9121602773666382,
0.1378869265317917,
0.2889711260795593,
-2.1067471504211426,
0.6431077122688293,
-0.09797343611717224,
0.37682846188545227,
-0.22030073404312134,
-0.6662829518318176,
-0.9404601454734802,
-1.2892184257507324,
0.3895610272884369,
-0.7467465400695801,
0.4291287064552307,
0.494928777217865,
-1.719567060470581,
-0.18151059746742249,
-0.46481648087501526,
0.5879480838775635,
0.0065375640988349915,
0.23419690132141113,
0.5317617654800415,
2.1943612098693848,
-0.9616457223892212,
1.1253201961517334,
2.3160338401794434,
0.06396898627281189,
0.2432507872581482,
-0.9429869055747986,
0.2160489708185196,
1.1581847667694092,
-1.1523778438568115,
-1.4689762592315674,
-1.826608657836914,
-0.5837122201919556,
0.338783860206604,
-0.05930250883102417,
1.2837812900543213,
-0.014863193035125732,
-0.43927061557769775,
0.15748357772827148,
0.8715131878852844,
-0.9163311123847961,
1.3463644981384277,
-0.701575756072998,
1.7688900232315063,
-0.4923970103263855,
0.6141324639320374,
-0.44648250937461853,
0.027805835008621216,
0.44280827045440674,
0.09568148851394653,
0.8268219232559204,
1.696685791015625,
0.13149577379226685,
-0.6247256994247437,
0.25954705476760864,
0.5172884464263916,
0.553604245185852,
2.177501678466797,
-0.3447011411190033,
-0.524260401725769,
0.9038822054862976,
-1.554107666015625,
-0.3451001048088074,
-0.6817963719367981,
0.5656898021697998,
0.8722338080406189,
-0.35191866755485535,
0.22751449048519135,
-0.18655185401439667,
0.40095940232276917,
-0.38137489557266235,
0.40347376465797424,
-0.14149953424930573,
-0.18107615411281586,
-0.38188374042510986,
-1.8212885856628418,
-0.21529296040534973,
-2.0472755432128906,
-0.13179084658622742,
-0.24628812074661255,
0.606161892414093,
0.22124820947647095,
0.17385433614253998,
0.17474570870399475,
0.7078335285186768,
-0.6778125762939453,
0.650404691696167,
-1.1772255897521973,
0.376512348651886,
0.6933838129043579,
-0.41467612981796265,
0.35783159732818604,
-0.3795415163040161,
-0.9134131669998169,
-0.522316038608551,
-0.4373377561569214,
0.1764950454235077,
1.535775899887085,
1.5839297771453857,
-1.1573666334152222,
-0.8549642562866211,
0.04991692304611206,
0.000772818922996521,
1.0349856615066528,
-0.26917243003845215,
1.4087570905685425,
0.25368040800094604,
2.6046011447906494,
-0.8605403304100037,
0.5671542286872864,
0.6896376609802246,
-0.21310359239578247,
0.031444624066352844,
0.12384988367557526,
-0.3442697823047638,
0.0029897838830947876,
-1.1016684770584106,
-0.22525131702423096,
-0.9327385425567627,
0.27734312415122986,
0.9716207385063171,
-0.37192240357398987,
0.3878117799758911,
-0.6498845219612122,
0.7570479512214661,
-0.3099108338356018,
-1.1987982988357544,
1.2316688299179077,
-1.2190628051757812,
0.006237059831619263,
-1.6243866682052612,
0.8353748321533203,
0.4316898584365845,
-0.12625548243522644,
0.27471110224723816,
-0.4458308815956116,
0.3974078297615051,
-0.17820706963539124,
0.792471170425415,
-0.8377339839935303,
0.9710986614227295,
0.6449224948883057,
1.2186338901519775,
0.28054606914520264,
0.5961702466011047,
-0.1673901528120041,
0.43955838680267334,
1.0846658945083618,
1.0209777355194092,
0.618135929107666,
-0.021210134029388428,
-0.5636523365974426,
-1.1870404481887817,
1.757768154144287,
-1.154776930809021,
1.6000031232833862,
-0.4589674770832062,
-0.26731812953948975,
-1.1643900871276855,
0.8996901512145996,
-0.4737917482852936,
0.09517872333526611,
-0.7843485474586487,
0.5749697685241699,
0.7509655356407166,
-1.1298471689224243,
-0.4789174199104309,
-0.49454939365386963,
-0.01971934735774994,
0.7396662831306458,
-0.9258946180343628,
1.2054399251937866,
1.0933573246002197,
-0.5958554744720459
] |
intuitive explanation of digital signal reconstruction? | we know we can reconstruct a discretely sampled signal (let’s say we are working with audio range) as long as the sampling rate is at least twice that of the highest frequency in the signal. to physically reconstruct this signal, we output the samples as a train of impulses in time to the sampling frequency. i understand that, because of the shannon / nyquist theories, (since we sampled twice our highest frequency) we can reconstruct the signal without loss of information. i saw a great visual not too long ago about how the reconstructed signal is just a collection of sinc waveforms in time, where the sinc ripples (in the frequency domain) sum together to recreate the information between samples. what i do not understand is how this physically, intuitively, transpires- what about an impulse voltage output correctly creates the frequency information between samples? what constitutes an impulse output? is it strictly the amount of time the output remains on? furthermore, i know there is filtering that can be done to remove higher frequencies / artifacts that may occur, but i am not sure if the filter is necessary component? please forgive any misconceptions, and let me know if i’ve made any mistakes or grand assumptions. thank you! | i am a little bit confused about the second last section of your question. specifically the part "what about an impulse voltage output correctly creates the frequency information between the samples? what do you mean by an 'impulse output'? do you mean the dirac delta function? _url_0_ lets reexamine the situation to see if this clears it up. if you have a band limited signal below lets say 20khz. then by sampling at 40ksps, you can perfectly reconstruct the information 'within the band' of the original signal in the 'continues time'. if you simply put impulses on the time marks where you sampled the original signal, you will not have an actual reconstruction of the signal. the original signal, even though it was band limited, had information in between the sample points. as you mentioned these intermediate points can only be correctly reconstructed by convolving the impulses (dirac delta pulse in continuous time) with the sinc-function. this is because the sinc function's frequency domain representation is a perfect low-pass filter. on an intuitive level you can think of it as following. assume you have a continuous time domain signal bandlimited to fmax. this implies that all the information in between discrete sample points at 2*fmax, all the continuous signal information in between those points can be perfectly predicted because the behavior of the signal is constrained by the fact that it was bandlimited to begin with. in other words, it can't be doing strange things in between because that would imply that it was actually not band limited to fmax. so all the information beyond sample points at 2*fmax is redundant. the math works out as following. start with signal x(t) band limited to fmax. x(t) can be sampled at 2*fmax to create a discrete time domain signal x[n]. the original signal can be reconstructed using a reconstruction kernal r(t) which must be bandlimited to fmax also. in fact it must be the perfect low-pass filter (r(j*omega) = 1/(2*fmax) for each omega < 2*pi*fmax) the original signal is then a convolution between the sinc function and x'(t) which is: x'(t) = sum n=1 to n of x[n]*delta(t - n*1/(2*fmax)) i might have made some math mistakes here and there. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_delta_function"
] | [
-4.679772853851318,
0.8628413081169128,
0.9440584182739258,
-1.1587164402008057,
-2.487363338470459,
0.8107863664627075,
2.2403852939605713,
2.085543394088745,
1.0998424291610718,
-1.2490390539169312,
2.3927130699157715,
0.04860082268714905,
1.354432225227356,
-1.697303056716919,
-2.308875799179077,
-1.2154701948165894,
-1.1253353357315063,
1.9202463626861572,
-5.982106685638428,
-3.4321510791778564,
5.254072666168213,
-0.991788387298584,
-3.1938252449035645,
-0.06872159242630005,
-0.48267650604248047,
1.5167081356048584,
3.3997466564178467,
0.23465102910995483,
4.110520362854004,
-3.269974708557129,
-3.383721351623535,
6.220625400543213,
0.470097154378891,
-2.269179582595825,
-5.107669353485107,
-0.03473526984453201,
-0.7443523406982422,
2.667551040649414,
1.1187152862548828,
2.480189323425293,
2.0636098384857178,
-1.5395206212997437,
1.9915766716003418,
1.77560555934906,
-3.2151007652282715,
0.8417627811431885,
0.24575960636138916,
1.4954566955566406,
-1.7217024564743042,
1.3575384616851807,
-1.6050922870635986,
2.8828954696655273,
-0.7057684659957886,
-0.7454495429992676,
-2.070026159286499,
0.40445807576179504,
0.4916205406188965,
-1.0716423988342285,
-0.6362311840057373,
-1.2944426536560059,
2.2921054363250732,
0.6659905910491943,
-3.20424222946167,
-0.18360917270183563,
5.562290191650391,
-1.8465369939804077,
2.093536615371704,
-2.572683334350586,
1.9960315227508545,
4.526310920715332,
-1.138289451599121,
1.1300742626190186,
-1.2166094779968262,
-1.4385641813278198,
0.1802586317062378,
0.12474766373634338,
-2.7724547386169434,
3.130317211151123,
0.5386412739753723,
-3.147796869277954,
2.3249101638793945,
-1.6171051263809204,
-3.026963949203491,
-3.021867275238037,
-0.8563818335533142,
1.709998369216919,
1.8710837364196777,
-0.014413878321647644,
1.0204715728759766,
-1.359133243560791,
0.5672228336334229,
-2.335817337036133,
-6.292956829071045,
-0.8801937103271484,
0.42120474576950073,
1.9779994487762451,
-0.15505674481391907,
0.3659692406654358,
5.583499908447266,
2.2762198448181152,
-0.2158336341381073,
4.157520771026611,
-7.01377010345459,
-1.42989182472229,
-2.1173174381256104,
-4.687901020050049,
-0.254902720451355,
0.5401223301887512,
0.8230292797088623,
1.7549103498458862,
1.0331048965454102,
-1.1169456243515015,
1.721306562423706,
-0.7112267017364502,
1.9970711469650269,
-1.5571635961532593,
0.9631059765815735,
1.3317242860794067,
-0.23840364813804626,
-3.7536110877990723,
0.2740941345691681,
-4.697510719299316,
-0.23334147036075592,
1.824663519859314,
-0.020376145839691162,
0.6435713768005371,
2.969459056854248,
0.8203358054161072,
0.8542923927307129,
-0.17508511245250702,
2.4695873260498047,
-3.637909412384033,
0.9492995738983154,
0.8592358231544495,
-2.5805130004882812,
0.2946208119392395,
4.973789691925049,
2.9391984939575195,
-3.5387933254241943,
6.991111755371094,
-0.6676221489906311,
1.464007019996643,
-1.6239783763885498,
1.0843994617462158,
1.0546759366989136,
0.6532999873161316,
-2.223360300064087,
-2.3528964519500732,
2.4990689754486084,
-0.3099476099014282,
0.32569313049316406,
-1.210038185119629,
-0.8791394829750061,
0.08947639912366867,
0.17128077149391174,
1.2760101556777954,
-3.765767812728882,
1.897186040878296,
1.3246632814407349,
0.10003861784934998,
-1.186089038848877,
3.726269245147705,
1.7786551713943481,
3.336411952972412,
2.1399548053741455,
2.013216495513916,
0.8218175768852234,
-1.6874840259552002,
1.3862913846969604,
1.584057331085205,
1.6879816055297852,
-3.3513004779815674,
-2.204925537109375,
-4.160926342010498,
-3.178402900695801,
-0.9195609092712402,
-2.3347554206848145,
2.6997900009155273,
0.90764981508255,
0.8647435307502747,
1.7592207193374634,
0.0759698748588562,
6.341911792755127,
3.1139392852783203,
-3.162386655807495,
1.7098989486694336,
2.002228021621704,
4.309319496154785,
-2.490964412689209,
1.473808765411377,
-0.9338685274124146,
1.13101065158844,
0.08769148588180542,
4.653812408447266,
-1.762362003326416,
-6.042269706726074,
5.232941627502441,
-0.22034616768360138,
2.122098445892334,
-1.08935546875,
-3.2124648094177246,
-0.34378793835639954,
1.576094627380371,
0.07456284761428833,
0.23556946218013763,
1.048295259475708,
1.8375853300094604,
-1.8288304805755615,
-2.815361738204956,
0.20142441987991333,
-2.523207187652588,
-5.615377426147461,
0.41993409395217896,
-1.9083147048950195,
1.664108395576477,
-0.12964953482151031,
-7.531177520751953,
-1.625653862953186,
-4.773630142211914,
3.9447402954101562,
-0.5031465291976929,
-0.9661951661109924,
2.8994665145874023,
-2.4155497550964355,
-4.473532199859619,
3.3848845958709717,
0.539058268070221,
-0.8586395978927612,
-4.221466541290283,
0.25613781809806824,
5.932519912719727,
1.0966036319732666,
2.1924524307250977,
2.7599406242370605,
1.1451401710510254,
-1.8692656755447388,
-1.9520033597946167,
1.3649506568908691,
-2.465742349624634,
-2.8102667331695557,
-0.17407569289207458,
-2.480557441711426,
-2.098163366317749,
-0.23474980890750885,
-1.368965744972229,
1.6280980110168457,
-1.4383924007415771,
1.8339169025421143,
1.6563591957092285,
0.738648533821106,
-1.2818316221237183,
0.33551979064941406,
-5.398891448974609,
0.6412537097930908,
-0.42768388986587524,
-0.5605827569961548,
0.5842094421386719,
0.24274680018424988,
-2.1635313034057617,
-1.9669203758239746,
7.894552707672119,
2.286628007888794,
0.9168217182159424,
0.003764718770980835,
3.1248159408569336,
4.61967658996582,
3.3175055980682373,
-1.129300832748413,
-1.5165562629699707,
-1.9255061149597168,
-0.7425330281257629,
-1.782694935798645,
-4.4359564781188965,
0.5188283920288086,
1.1191692352294922,
-3.3199667930603027,
0.6098618507385254,
-2.0338785648345947,
-4.12038516998291,
1.939621925354004,
-1.024442434310913,
0.05951149761676788,
2.178058385848999,
0.0000972449779510498,
-1.385913610458374,
-4.730749130249023,
-1.9251015186309814,
-4.262200832366943,
5.188016891479492,
-1.2760372161865234,
3.8601133823394775,
1.1579375267028809,
3.8934502601623535,
-0.09997382760047913,
1.9652657508850098,
5.111623287200928,
1.109039068222046,
-2.073622226715088,
0.9819837808609009,
-2.9619545936584473,
-2.0165467262268066,
-1.0533607006072998,
-1.5225721597671509,
-0.3815968334674835,
-0.2353176474571228,
-0.4521715044975281,
1.9870551824569702,
0.8560004234313965,
3.4283862113952637,
-0.8394224643707275,
2.8427646160125732,
0.1642295867204666,
2.886368751525879,
2.721303701400757,
-2.7447190284729004,
3.0987296104431152,
-2.6717283725738525,
3.9481406211853027,
1.7124112844467163,
3.6405599117279053,
-2.0984458923339844,
-4.05177640914917,
-2.418461322784424,
-0.06238968297839165,
4.28190803527832,
-0.9284711480140686,
-0.9345686435699463,
-5.845180034637451,
-2.4467036724090576,
-2.7213246822357178,
1.1407127380371094,
0.6927313804626465,
-2.455277681350708,
-0.40843284130096436,
3.8498551845550537,
0.5182422399520874,
-3.634477138519287,
1.60322904586792,
-1.7250975370407104,
0.1771976202726364,
-0.8066898584365845,
0.8788309097290039,
-0.5035449862480164,
1.1453191041946411,
3.6472413539886475,
1.3785967826843262,
-1.817927598953247,
1.7053471803665161,
-1.3739984035491943,
-3.551717519760132,
-0.5397120714187622,
3.6203370094299316,
5.907967567443848,
-0.5607005953788757,
0.34264975786209106,
-1.70890212059021,
0.9719192981719971,
-0.4845446050167084,
2.0510990619659424,
-0.5273177623748779,
-3.306445837020874,
-1.482351541519165,
-1.5183887481689453,
6.169591903686523,
-1.1442277431488037,
0.6425666213035583,
-1.0397851467132568,
-1.7597966194152832,
0.05802413821220398,
0.2939455807209015,
-3.966233253479004,
4.777279853820801,
0.9631262421607971,
-2.3043904304504395,
1.415797472000122,
-5.955374717712402,
-0.5237969160079956,
-0.09343934059143066,
-4.843846321105957,
-0.27541303634643555,
-0.7798440456390381,
6.90328311920166,
-0.7326833605766296,
-0.9127773642539978
] |
hernia examinations | australian here. i've seen plenty of comments on this site concerning "and then the dr. cupped my balls". i've never had this happen. furthermore i've completed a couple of years of medicine (haven't finished, and not at uni atm to ask professors there) and there has been no indication of it being routine here at all. so a couple of questions 1. are hernia examinations routine in an american general check-up? 2. are they common in other countries? 3. am i completely oblivious to the situation in australia? 4. if they are common in the states, but not aus., is there a particular directive from the surgeon general or health departments that promotes routine hernia examinations? 5. are there genetic dispositions or activities in the states that increase predisposition to hernia in the u.s? *edited to space the list properly | inguinal hernias are being detected, by whatever means, and repaired frequently enough to make them the most frequently performed operation in general surgery worldwide. i'm assuming that means it's not just an american thing. i can't find anything that indicates that inguinal hernias are north american centric. the actual detection isn't "cupping the balls", but pressing the fingertips into the side of the scrotum at the abdominal wall and asking the patient to cough, which tightens the abdominals and makes any hernia much more noticeable. inguinal hernias are often pre-existing weaknesses in the abdominal wall. you don't necessarily have to lift a massive object and blow a hernia to be affected. i have had one repaired. the other side is looking like it's probable. in my case i think genetics plays a role (as the studies show), as my father and brothers have all had them done. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.46653294563293457,
-1.6043498516082764,
0.602841854095459,
-0.3207809627056122,
-1.4362980127334595,
-1.4760723114013672,
-0.053193360567092896,
0.7843096852302551,
0.8856380581855774,
-0.04044323042035103,
-0.3925630450248718,
0.7972033023834229,
-1.0650744438171387,
0.187990203499794,
-1.0772185325622559,
-0.2294553816318512,
0.3390498459339142,
-1.5258064270019531,
-1.0329197645187378,
1.2777878046035767,
-0.4686252474784851,
0.8528918027877808,
0.08857068419456482,
0.20208187401294708,
0.18951000273227692,
-0.46358421444892883,
1.2353285551071167,
-0.7374776005744934,
-0.6812149286270142,
-1.4693968296051025,
-1.7486999034881592,
0.2834365963935852,
0.5472710132598877,
-1.156486988067627,
0.6479352116584778,
-0.28176307678222656,
-1.2280150651931763,
1.0972981452941895,
-0.8043633103370667,
-0.7568909525871277,
-0.8334145545959473,
-1.469213604927063,
-1.0006728172302246,
-0.40011534094810486,
1.4035760164260864,
1.398099422454834,
0.880578875541687,
1.3781286478042603,
0.6371080875396729,
1.0088542699813843,
-0.5430072546005249,
-1.0916932821273804,
-0.04358416795730591,
1.8821463584899902,
-1.0875864028930664,
-0.7282466888427734,
-0.09221737086772919,
-0.4646718502044678,
-1.645885944366455,
1.90724515914917,
0.6988636255264282,
1.0669242143630981,
-0.5703107118606567,
1.1282886266708374,
0.05375470221042633,
0.2115611732006073,
1.289520025253296,
-1.8003661632537842,
2.2162632942199707,
2.3951332569122314,
1.482720136642456,
-0.40498071908950806,
-0.4431703984737396,
0.9848184585571289,
0.6983718276023865,
-0.09550395607948303,
1.3017807006835938,
-0.8335421681404114,
0.21834851801395416,
0.4605640172958374,
-0.725950300693512,
-0.23894526064395905,
0.8488296866416931,
0.7162679433822632,
1.1358929872512817,
1.0223695039749146,
-0.4331848621368408,
0.8040028214454651,
-1.651623010635376,
0.508125364780426,
-1.73746657371521,
-1.4774538278579712,
1.2882847785949707,
-1.4999433755874634,
1.0586912631988525,
0.2124842405319214,
-1.0712374448776245,
-1.42274010181427,
0.2626408040523529,
0.22327043116092682,
-2.278087615966797,
-0.1320435255765915,
-0.4475623369216919,
1.575762152671814,
0.21747611463069916,
0.02791064977645874,
0.7128827571868896,
-0.35054296255111694,
-1.2405651807785034,
-0.34186071157455444,
0.060746192932128906,
1.6621425151824951,
1.7224690914154053,
0.30043691396713257,
-1.1342581510543823,
0.205044686794281,
0.12112657725811005,
0.1077641099691391,
-0.21685101091861725,
-0.9215436577796936,
-1.3854527473449707,
-0.7771041393280029,
0.24277815222740173,
-0.9801575541496277,
0.5186747312545776,
-1.2214016914367676,
-1.1795374155044556,
1.4751057624816895,
1.3459068536758423,
0.10449434071779251,
0.8568558096885681,
-0.7218878269195557,
0.9700815677642822,
0.4331614077091217,
0.07937806844711304,
-0.24839900434017181,
1.111928939819336,
-1.769585132598877,
0.05560566484928131,
0.005360156297683716,
1.4979572296142578,
-1.2165791988372803,
0.5138722658157349,
0.9437724351882935,
0.5884110331535339,
2.623692035675049,
-1.8097736835479736,
0.1905849128961563,
-0.44975197315216064,
-0.552150309085846,
-1.2279560565948486,
-0.5714135766029358,
0.9824231863021851,
0.8356072902679443,
0.5678232312202454,
-0.47090965509414673,
-2.6108508110046387,
0.08809275180101395,
-0.22086821496486664,
0.8248625993728638,
-1.241489052772522,
0.013506561517715454,
-0.6874445080757141,
2.171720027923584,
0.4291039705276489,
0.26517605781555176,
-0.787269115447998,
0.21308687329292297,
1.2630871534347534,
-0.14058367908000946,
0.5187005400657654,
0.852973222732544,
0.4878121018409729,
0.16161131858825684,
-0.06799609214067459,
1.157602071762085,
-1.1372876167297363,
-1.5248799324035645,
0.11362434923648834,
1.4000157117843628,
-0.24822673201560974,
-1.9580738544464111,
0.8398122787475586,
1.1248152256011963,
0.6644765734672546,
-1.1760423183441162,
1.2244173288345337,
0.5116791129112244,
0.693527102470398,
0.3776850998401642,
0.0738934576511383,
0.9760111570358276,
-1.4301071166992188,
0.49440521001815796,
-0.5570303797721863,
-0.11233837902545929,
-0.7699562907218933,
-2.3872973918914795,
-1.554441213607788,
0.6551501750946045,
0.25296878814697266,
0.5095474720001221,
-1.2337315082550049,
-0.05574077367782593,
0.30672743916511536,
0.21366548538208008,
-0.6333996057510376,
-0.8141434788703918,
0.2170945554971695,
-1.332561731338501,
2.6225404739379883,
1.522937297821045,
0.6102237105369568,
0.12001658976078033,
-0.2642171382904053,
1.0731134414672852,
-0.7366234064102173,
-0.18280614912509918,
-0.4737601578235626,
-0.13504716753959656,
-0.4441823363304138,
-0.6705368161201477,
0.38610517978668213,
-1.775280475616455,
-0.7129874229431152,
-1.8198930025100708,
-0.01352626085281372,
0.8597952127456665,
0.09408527612686157,
-0.10812723636627197,
0.15292572975158691,
1.0581798553466797,
0.4421643018722534,
-0.33421003818511963,
1.8040226697921753,
0.18770353496074677,
-1.1605503559112549,
-1.2547630071640015,
-0.519256591796875,
1.122504711151123,
-0.651434063911438,
-1.300276756286621,
-1.2993245124816895,
0.17620345950126648,
-1.0843379497528076,
0.2359904795885086,
1.8960202932357788,
-1.4056718349456787,
-0.6278886198997498,
2.1620819568634033,
-0.9840617775917053,
-0.6854467391967773,
-2.346322536468506,
1.0643510818481445,
-1.465827465057373,
0.8392439484596252,
-2.0788018703460693,
1.3364044427871704,
-0.3780636191368103,
0.6892107129096985,
0.16046811640262604,
-0.7296918034553528,
-1.022355556488037,
-1.9090356826782227,
1.3606171607971191,
1.5906569957733154,
0.835520327091217,
1.0140033960342407,
-0.7029442191123962,
-0.1912972331047058,
-0.8085388541221619,
-0.8626552820205688,
0.2675700783729553,
-0.3972267508506775,
0.25181761384010315,
-0.0008420646190643311,
-0.4808393120765686,
0.07319757342338562,
0.24535363912582397,
-0.6754096150398254,
1.1235148906707764,
-3.698117256164551,
-0.2882216274738312,
0.12331436574459076,
1.9208632707595825,
0.14292331039905548,
-0.5272607803344727,
-0.929146945476532,
1.547558307647705,
0.9168493747711182,
0.11472368240356445,
0.5486765503883362,
0.38983604311943054,
-0.3019077181816101,
2.741215944290161,
-0.061958640813827515,
-1.1469390392303467,
1.3781644105911255,
0.9462029337882996,
1.0158952474594116,
-0.7126826643943787,
-1.8021172285079956,
-0.43661096692085266,
0.08799979090690613,
-0.8150041699409485,
-2.2678184509277344,
0.5758166313171387,
1.343335509300232,
0.8523250818252563,
0.6882020235061646,
0.4560827314853668,
-0.5101812481880188,
-0.4410226345062256,
1.0404071807861328,
-0.6502398252487183,
1.8942071199417114,
-1.6868078708648682,
-1.072566032409668,
1.6618413925170898,
0.6239631175994873,
0.955237090587616,
-0.8746703863143921,
-1.368442416191101,
-0.056188613176345825,
-1.3649886846542358,
-2.2952020168304443,
-1.6012768745422363,
0.9489414691925049,
-1.2488938570022583,
-0.6742698550224304,
-2.4741883277893066,
1.7662110328674316,
1.0176177024841309,
0.03583959490060806,
0.7888623476028442,
-0.05478942394256592,
0.11441008746623993,
0.904115617275238,
-2.070291757583618,
-0.2769918441772461,
-0.7331600785255432,
0.19981703162193298,
2.2952215671539307,
-0.2929346561431885,
0.3604332208633423,
0.5191577672958374,
1.0009241104125977,
1.159157633781433,
-0.29804128408432007,
0.3353806734085083,
-0.3796716332435608,
0.6080904006958008,
0.7680171132087708,
0.17770203948020935,
0.9202359914779663,
-0.6566848754882812,
0.5881561636924744,
0.10504759848117828,
0.5170683860778809,
-0.9561343193054199,
-0.22352154552936554,
-1.8332171440124512,
0.9753119349479675,
2.876249313354492,
-0.542643666267395,
0.22475078701972961,
-0.020327448844909668,
0.807880163192749,
-0.7272378206253052,
1.3642239570617676,
2.3730580806732178,
0.9653187990188599,
0.6865233182907104,
0.5241568684577942,
-1.1090939044952393,
0.1855861097574234,
1.5586917400360107,
-0.7019756436347961,
-0.5264427661895752,
0.8344884514808655,
-0.41943973302841187,
0.6243239641189575,
1.7392016649246216,
0.41402027010917664
] |
why use end-point pcr? | with all the advantages including increased sensitivity, greater number of areas of application, and a serious decrease in labor, what are the applications of a traditional end-point pcr? | is this a homework question? because it feels like a homework question.... i'm assuming you mean in comparision with real-time pcr? 1) real time pcr isn't higher sensitivity, it's just quantitative rather than qualitative. 2) real time pcr requires special equipment and reagents. if you don't need quantitative data, there's no point in tieing up the machine and using up relatively expensive reagent. 3) which brings us to one of the main uses...genotyping. endpoint pcr is cheaper and (when you include the analysis portion) often faster than real time. 4) you can also use pcr for amplification of reagent. take a low concentration product and give yourself more, which you can use for the generation of probes, for cloning work, etc. 5) i've never thought of real time as being a "serious decrease in labor" compared to traditional pcr. maybe a little because you don't have to pour a gel....but that's not much. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.011375188827514648,
-1.7211692333221436,
-0.18399102985858917,
-0.003235596464946866,
-0.5377753973007202,
-2.0857439041137695,
-2.4746503829956055,
1.3551867008209229,
1.608911156654358,
-1.812934160232544,
1.0075993537902832,
1.193497657775879,
-0.19685041904449463,
0.04063551127910614,
-1.7253127098083496,
-0.7128490209579468,
1.5473010540008545,
-0.2355215698480606,
-2.285179376602173,
0.8839359283447266,
-1.0708400011062622,
-1.012331247329712,
0.7892563343048096,
0.5230862498283386,
1.3486275672912598,
0.5100948214530945,
0.4787669777870178,
-0.49391061067581177,
0.0023047998547554016,
0.7878114581108093,
-0.6249489784240723,
0.6485797166824341,
0.20763084292411804,
-1.565279483795166,
0.6971782445907593,
0.5660756230354309,
0.11487534642219543,
0.4271281063556671,
0.09514371305704117,
-0.6470097899436951,
1.1071933507919312,
-0.5062968134880066,
-0.3442034125328064,
2.599184274673462,
-0.12562382221221924,
0.9284694194793701,
1.4415559768676758,
-1.430438756942749,
-1.9214136600494385,
-0.22180861234664917,
-0.47823238372802734,
-0.1278143674135208,
-1.660269021987915,
-0.12750765681266785,
-1.5531070232391357,
-0.32039886713027954,
1.7679193019866943,
-1.0693466663360596,
-0.48966312408447266,
0.2562119662761688,
-1.777111291885376,
-0.22385306656360626,
-1.275372862815857,
1.8745481967926025,
1.807666540145874,
1.0148849487304688,
0.6805236339569092,
-0.6735714673995972,
-0.026283681392669678,
1.094090461730957,
-0.3524753153324127,
-0.8255956172943115,
-1.4067552089691162,
1.8103784322738647,
0.7001579999923706,
-0.6502902507781982,
0.418057382106781,
-0.06210288032889366,
1.467544436454773,
-0.6254151463508606,
0.7717585563659668,
-0.29946234822273254,
0.6307536363601685,
-0.13011434674263,
0.6757134199142456,
0.6813609600067139,
1.890574336051941,
1.4339847564697266,
-0.6211892366409302,
-1.9313735961914062,
-0.05151647329330444,
0.7615628242492676,
-0.37952953577041626,
-0.16550473868846893,
0.03142942488193512,
0.4892124533653259,
-0.1057303324341774,
-0.303631454706192,
0.17938363552093506,
0.4346911609172821,
-2.8584041595458984,
1.2178071737289429,
-2.9147086143493652,
0.07447709888219833,
-0.6407551765441895,
-2.3959574699401855,
-0.7496013641357422,
1.4963754415512085,
-0.04180515557527542,
0.2507135272026062,
-1.1237068176269531,
-0.025034688413143158,
0.3567963242530823,
-0.9380134344100952,
0.911773145198822,
-0.362455278635025,
-1.186166524887085,
1.8745758533477783,
-0.30548834800720215,
-0.595920979976654,
-0.3772525191307068,
-1.7164065837860107,
0.5078604817390442,
-0.8639156818389893,
0.814517617225647,
-1.6269166469573975,
0.2044575810432434,
2.0657191276550293,
0.5973072052001953,
-0.7353951930999756,
2.4237565994262695,
-1.269341230392456,
0.4049461781978607,
1.2387615442276,
0.5307518839836121,
-0.5193592309951782,
1.9670062065124512,
-1.157759428024292,
-0.3072701394557953,
1.1834485530853271,
-0.30808210372924805,
1.215368390083313,
0.7641066908836365,
-0.4857235550880432,
-0.2757507562637329,
2.9884467124938965,
-0.009608425199985504,
-0.8894647359848022,
0.793974757194519,
-1.1478638648986816,
-0.14749443531036377,
0.7024420499801636,
0.8546870946884155,
-3.146867275238037,
0.2900882363319397,
-0.2658731937408447,
0.048017069697380066,
-0.7054469585418701,
-0.8601526021957397,
-0.12893855571746826,
-1.1569485664367676,
-0.195220947265625,
-1.3936458826065063,
0.44550061225891113,
0.4353157579898834,
-0.2997409999370575,
0.7610457539558411,
-1.830302119255066,
1.2983723878860474,
0.990964949131012,
0.3992270231246948,
-1.6332371234893799,
0.2305152267217636,
-1.885791540145874,
0.3347705900669098,
0.048890843987464905,
-2.955298900604248,
0.6341745853424072,
-0.39761024713516235,
0.9345354437828064,
0.38190871477127075,
-0.17210575938224792,
0.2246970236301422,
0.3645458519458771,
0.6639484167098999,
-1.7763807773590088,
0.9664577841758728,
1.726166009902954,
-2.2240982055664062,
1.6092628240585327,
0.0009845718741416931,
0.13801848888397217,
-0.3055890202522278,
1.1522884368896484,
-0.15560899674892426,
-1.753669261932373,
1.679972529411316,
0.9555373191833496,
-0.710870087146759,
-0.6920300126075745,
-2.083249568939209,
-1.9210457801818848,
2.2286083698272705,
-1.2007691860198975,
0.2803974151611328,
-0.6581189632415771,
-1.3087236881256104,
-1.9097458124160767,
-1.487586498260498,
0.4366263449192047,
-0.9657278060913086,
-0.4586283564567566,
0.24393770098686218,
0.5584046244621277,
-0.4495367705821991,
1.2380499839782715,
-0.2823278307914734,
-0.32447224855422974,
-0.19307099282741547,
-0.11500240862369537,
-1.207222580909729,
-0.45643535256385803,
0.3798379898071289,
-2.0845978260040283,
-1.201869249343872,
-0.8315424919128418,
0.9315792322158813,
2.781097412109375,
-0.4868771433830261,
0.8895664215087891,
1.4085294008255005,
-1.586069107055664,
1.0424267053604126,
1.390871524810791,
-0.2251347154378891,
-0.4013119637966156,
1.4612343311309814,
-0.9899271726608276,
1.2300747632980347,
0.7827205061912537,
-1.2815021276474,
0.2636960744857788,
-1.7173340320587158,
-0.18419966101646423,
-0.825049877166748,
1.6134238243103027,
-0.2360418289899826,
-0.28305870294570923,
1.3468126058578491,
1.9785501956939697,
-4.050182819366455,
-0.03731870651245117,
0.005449950695037842,
-0.05414237827062607,
-0.2737581729888916,
-0.18089799582958221,
-1.1300839185714722,
-1.3535070419311523,
-1.1003763675689697,
-0.0002402961254119873,
2.847026824951172,
-0.263426274061203,
-0.160161554813385,
-0.06648154556751251,
2.15183162689209,
0.8632345795631409,
-1.1516295671463013,
-0.88816237449646,
-1.1786668300628662,
-1.4869740009307861,
0.6990365386009216,
-2.011533498764038,
0.997395396232605,
0.2397366762161255,
1.6904559135437012,
1.2090851068496704,
-0.10454590618610382,
0.044593751430511475,
-0.9595857262611389,
0.2819518446922302,
1.2631149291992188,
-0.4891824424266815,
-1.4174869060516357,
1.2646266222000122,
1.373122215270996,
-2.1033804416656494,
-0.7650374174118042,
-1.0594871044158936,
0.024496912956237793,
-0.46969056129455566,
1.5723707675933838,
2.27309513092041,
1.2209032773971558,
-0.07110488414764404,
1.2732584476470947,
1.9547291994094849,
1.8451991081237793,
0.1649107038974762,
0.43624550104141235,
-1.270430088043213,
-1.309620976448059,
-1.367220163345337,
-1.5571876764297485,
-0.2940575182437897,
-0.5747434496879578,
0.25869041681289673,
1.5850164890289307,
0.09613263607025146,
0.5142662525177002,
-1.5464204549789429,
0.6315245628356934,
-0.5561834573745728,
0.8247894644737244,
0.1507612019777298,
-1.3014018535614014,
-0.07964552938938141,
-0.21991212666034698,
1.5350263118743896,
0.8102933168411255,
0.6779398918151855,
0.5228127837181091,
1.1635143756866455,
0.27639925479888916,
1.7205641269683838,
-0.21109792590141296,
-1.2012243270874023,
0.1569736748933792,
-0.06479550898075104,
0.152041956782341,
0.7406262159347534,
1.3167293071746826,
0.3395534157752991,
0.09212294220924377,
0.3027358651161194,
0.5044780969619751,
0.7214195728302002,
1.7648866176605225,
-0.663348376750946,
-1.2535605430603027,
-0.07026898860931396,
-0.7644619941711426,
0.680989146232605,
-0.7787958979606628,
1.0369445085525513,
0.4678146243095398,
1.2873393297195435,
1.0278525352478027,
4.211896896362305,
-0.320637047290802,
-0.9315459728240967,
0.6115286350250244,
1.7911441326141357,
0.43186482787132263,
-0.1553569734096527,
2.783416509628296,
-0.696062445640564,
0.028964877128601074,
1.223536491394043,
0.5934584736824036,
0.245908722281456,
-1.294256567955017,
-1.683650255203247,
-1.7343027591705322,
2.667750120162964,
-0.17153234779834747,
-0.3861313462257385,
-2.7268073558807373,
-1.7100404500961304,
-1.2573530673980713,
0.9961661100387573,
1.6839535236358643,
1.5158194303512573,
1.1328774690628052,
-2.235440969467163,
1.6939833164215088,
-0.24198798835277557,
-0.5463435649871826,
-0.6163408756256104,
-1.73842191696167,
1.0483815670013428,
1.0613240003585815,
0.5726405382156372,
1.6156071424484253,
-0.29547974467277527
] |
does the second law of thermodynamics apply at astronomic scales? (and if so, through which process?) | so i was just reading [this thread](_url_0_) and it initiated a train of thought that ultimately ended in me questioning the 2nd law of thermodynamics. wowy. let me list my thoughts/assumptions, hopefully you can point out where i went wrong (if indeed i did): * entropy is a measure for how evenly distributed energy is in space. the more clumped together things are, the lower it is. it "should" always be going up though. * at astronomical (i.e. intergalactic) scales, gravity is the dominating force. this force clumps matter together, decreasing the entropy. * i can only think of one process that would increase entropy, which is hawking radiation, transforming matter into electromagnetic radiation. that radiation behaves thermodynamically, going in random directions, spreading energy around the universe, increasing entropy. * this process only happens at the event horizon of black holes. * the formation of black holes is very rare, and would not automatically happen if more and more astronomical bodies clumping together. i might just be missing some process or don't understand it as well as i thought (maybe something on the atomic level?), but right now it just doesn't make any sense to me. | gravitational potential energy is lost when objects are attracted to each other and clump. that potential will get converted into kinetic and then eventually thermal energy. so the phenomenon of matter coalescing due to gravity has a net increase in entropy. there's more discussion (non-authoritative sources) at these links: _url_1_ _url_0_ | 17 | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2yk6hv/is_it_true_that_laws_like_conservation_of_mass/"
] | [
"http://www.quora.com/Doesnt-the-Law-of-Gravity-defy-the-Law-of-Entropy",
"http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/4546/please-clarify-how-entropy-increases-when-matter-gravitationally-coalesces"
] | [
-0.2773546576499939,
-0.2665824890136719,
0.6789659261703491,
0.8488730788230896,
0.5930846333503723,
-0.6715852618217468,
0.6036718487739563,
-0.22554193437099457,
1.1577200889587402,
0.1685028374195099,
0.12831741571426392,
0.11460009217262268,
0.09520688652992249,
-0.20211128890514374,
0.32745298743247986,
0.60100257396698,
-1.0056592226028442,
-0.25398480892181396,
-1.093654990196228,
-0.22867843508720398,
0.6633707284927368,
-0.5168160200119019,
-0.18696576356887817,
0.25622105598449707,
-0.6403295993804932,
-0.6400286555290222,
-0.9996631741523743,
-0.01472938060760498,
-0.33450400829315186,
0.07115893810987473,
0.46782219409942627,
-0.36260566115379333,
-0.5562593340873718,
-0.5430746078491211,
0.44183164834976196,
0.25977402925491333,
0.12878428399562836,
-0.39239251613616943,
-0.44064566493034363,
0.04872933030128479,
0.15557551383972168,
-0.5234294533729553,
-0.06253457814455032,
0.47346359491348267,
-0.450449138879776,
0.9593323469161987,
0.5940017104148865,
-0.4958292841911316,
-0.5332388877868652,
-0.5661212205886841,
0.03728416562080383,
0.8374649286270142,
-0.24374805390834808,
0.03467188775539398,
-0.6838981509208679,
-0.4910900592803955,
0.521466851234436,
-0.09793653339147568,
0.19846929609775543,
-0.7013497352600098,
0.7670095562934875,
0.35387372970581055,
-0.18512046337127686,
0.21765436232089996,
0.9740785360336304,
-0.13023823499679565,
0.20975178480148315,
0.4665364623069763,
-0.6029808521270752,
0.621001660823822,
0.8974448442459106,
-0.12451674044132233,
-0.2516639530658722,
-0.40550774335861206,
0.8577070236206055,
-0.19193784892559052,
-0.5211223363876343,
1.0671623945236206,
-0.1557644009590149,
0.2379801869392395,
0.2848637104034424,
0.014222592115402222,
-0.7213505506515503,
-0.9285496473312378,
-0.6053624153137207,
0.15324430167675018,
0.85013747215271,
-0.02151203155517578,
0.8032970428466797,
-0.22136647999286652,
-0.7179224491119385,
0.3460101783275604,
0.6441282033920288,
0.9335530400276184,
1.0451929569244385,
1.0758347511291504,
-0.057831212878227234,
-0.6973183155059814,
-0.022661328315734863,
-0.430844247341156,
-0.7471566200256348,
1.4717178344726562,
-0.7468129992485046,
0.4210488796234131,
-0.7289342880249023,
-0.23101918399333954,
-0.05641856789588928,
1.4806276559829712,
0.7232561111450195,
0.4078405201435089,
0.03270331025123596,
-0.3275925815105438,
0.5030900835990906,
-0.1568986475467682,
-0.6148595213890076,
0.733410120010376,
0.6603891849517822,
0.0944916307926178,
-0.73066246509552,
0.3405821919441223,
-0.22098995745182037,
-0.5937421321868896,
0.07481051981449127,
0.1467614322900772,
-0.42418792843818665,
-0.5801734924316406,
-0.6505475640296936,
0.3234562873840332,
-0.10821215808391571,
-0.14702671766281128,
0.6310383081436157,
-0.45164114236831665,
-0.3187240660190582,
-0.05179305374622345,
-0.6004311442375183,
-0.45908674597740173,
0.7278404235839844,
-0.36471500992774963,
-0.5857914686203003,
0.8501315116882324,
0.3882846534252167,
1.194567084312439,
-0.29325973987579346,
-0.9343308210372925,
-0.2195776104927063,
0.41118118166923523,
0.39991295337677,
-0.016748100519180298,
-0.1326066553592682,
-0.41719627380371094,
-0.2763979434967041,
0.0250176340341568,
0.5343669652938843,
0.13701845705509186,
0.39260339736938477,
-0.1407366842031479,
-0.3291543126106262,
-0.49511241912841797,
0.06035508215427399,
0.6940304040908813,
0.032068073749542236,
-0.000029765069484710693,
0.41101962327957153,
-0.18557186424732208,
0.7780396342277527,
0.36171847581863403,
-0.08937684446573257,
-0.743887186050415,
0.6764037609100342,
-0.14808225631713867,
0.00018631666898727417,
-0.23413582146167755,
-0.054792627692222595,
-0.1515529304742813,
0.9964093565940857,
-0.5377190113067627,
-0.6901022791862488,
-0.4953523278236389,
0.12689104676246643,
1.06412935256958,
0.022945187985897064,
-0.3161841928958893,
0.8331001996994019,
-0.061263516545295715,
-0.8376463651657104,
-0.1903003603219986,
-0.2111407071352005,
-0.4615928530693054,
0.5722554326057434,
0.18471378087997437,
0.7628672122955322,
-0.36157625913619995,
0.33126622438430786,
-0.0743117406964302,
0.19231395423412323,
-0.1525576114654541,
-0.19894078373908997,
0.1854364275932312,
-0.8690101504325867,
0.3704312741756439,
-0.5459500551223755,
-0.7756081819534302,
-0.28924065828323364,
-0.02087511122226715,
-0.6190195083618164,
-0.4271501302719116,
0.9276046752929688,
0.35094934701919556,
-1.3219947814941406,
-0.8013351559638977,
0.02738940715789795,
-0.9052401781082153,
-0.6547538042068481,
-0.3664925992488861,
-0.9334208965301514,
0.08990441262722015,
0.11097598075866699,
0.01430654525756836,
-0.0549037829041481,
0.0974443256855011,
0.32544681429862976,
0.257393479347229,
-0.10264232754707336,
-0.4570379853248596,
-0.3281099796295166,
-0.4251755475997925,
-0.6375941038131714,
1.5019105672836304,
-0.2333788275718689,
0.8855243921279907,
-0.7457727789878845,
-0.010912042111158371,
0.40981388092041016,
0.9752463698387146,
0.4406384229660034,
-0.22835345566272736,
0.2763594388961792,
0.08231452107429504,
0.3591116666793823,
-0.6630382537841797,
-0.5481350421905518,
0.045653387904167175,
-0.30438655614852905,
0.04783548414707184,
0.3809701204299927,
0.5099455118179321,
-0.5965793132781982,
-0.9128139019012451,
-0.3222741484642029,
0.34363579750061035,
0.8301602005958557,
-0.19610781967639923,
-0.13682721555233002,
0.06756198406219482,
0.37420177459716797,
0.8357789516448975,
-0.8208870887756348,
-0.10852572321891785,
-0.02621619403362274,
0.24202153086662292,
0.16099123656749725,
0.5127560496330261,
-0.3883954584598541,
-0.9157453775405884,
0.7998597621917725,
0.7108466029167175,
1.1403839588165283,
-0.006794720888137817,
-1.0495553016662598,
-0.6149346232414246,
0.2341827154159546,
-0.19990551471710205,
0.11066488921642303,
-0.5588287115097046,
2.137782335281372,
-0.08192971348762512,
-0.5000882148742676,
-0.6776524782180786,
0.19238173961639404,
0.03254497051239014,
-0.3789912760257721,
0.1642804890871048,
-0.8101248741149902,
0.2964955270290375,
-0.2912772595882416,
0.5705991387367249,
-0.02793518826365471,
-0.1914145052433014,
-0.7829196453094482,
0.22265511751174927,
-0.4048519432544708,
0.49587273597717285,
-0.29686087369918823,
0.268104612827301,
1.4145708084106445,
0.10982804745435715,
-0.296584814786911,
-0.4240574836730957,
-0.33940938115119934,
0.49494245648384094,
0.8627293705940247,
-0.6164655685424805,
-0.3154143691062927,
-0.34924811124801636,
-1.4920365810394287,
0.5089373588562012,
0.2529592216014862,
-0.3474193811416626,
0.8451235294342041,
-0.23899143934249878,
-1.3832614421844482,
-0.4461894631385803,
0.42833614349365234,
0.40358948707580566,
-1.0082098245620728,
-0.5291000008583069,
-0.7777204513549805,
0.34249645471572876,
0.1756073236465454,
0.5189377069473267,
0.2949267625808716,
0.8084957599639893,
-0.20829474925994873,
0.4921379089355469,
-0.2532811164855957,
0.9603179693222046,
0.3282432556152344,
0.3711298704147339,
-0.08062654733657837,
0.5401343107223511,
-0.23279479146003723,
-0.21055778861045837,
0.5394174456596375,
0.3875328600406647,
0.6672784090042114,
0.22804652154445648,
-0.4681275486946106,
-0.10650332272052765,
-0.09773136675357819,
-0.1208627000451088,
-0.22473759949207306,
0.13569515943527222,
0.6203365325927734,
0.37622010707855225,
0.11242501437664032,
-0.6634881496429443,
0.5212053060531616,
0.27304694056510925,
-0.851712703704834,
0.39738595485687256,
-0.40039846301078796,
0.29775121808052063,
0.09113997220993042,
-0.3468662202358246,
0.7070735692977905,
-0.2330668568611145,
-0.7406967878341675,
0.0779150128364563,
-0.5423733592033386,
0.46291789412498474,
0.4319992661476135,
0.2683620750904083,
0.5387715697288513,
1.0298205614089966,
-0.9144075512886047,
1.0123114585876465,
-1.123456597328186,
-0.24018046259880066,
-0.5173358917236328,
0.6669026613235474,
0.07521292567253113,
0.583270251750946,
-0.14856652915477753,
-0.9270838499069214,
0.08602208644151688,
-0.9107363820075989,
-0.6533363461494446,
0.5428357124328613,
-0.48407769203186035,
0.35261595249176025,
-0.22313885390758514,
-0.4264793395996094,
0.41036224365234375,
-0.2043381929397583
] |
as you traverse the em spectrum, what is going on when you switch from one type of energy to another? | i know a bit about light, radio, and sound respectively, but i can not fully grok how it is that these all lie on the same continuum. eg how do we switch from talking about photon particles to electron wavefronts for example... is there a region of overlap where both are occurring? is it like overlapping bell curves where we can say one type of signal drops off quickly as the other rises? if so, how many of such transitions occur and is there anything else remarkable about these regions of the spectrum? | electromagnetic waves are all the same except for frequency. these include (in order of increasing frequency): - radio - microwave - infrared - visible - ultraviolet - x-rays - gamma rays they **do not include** sound waves (these are pressure waves in a medium) or electrons and other such particles. the different categories are just classified by convention. there is no sharp devide between, say, x-rays and gamma rays. it's a smooth transition all the way across the board. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8808490633964539,
-0.10141129046678543,
1.0123347043991089,
0.6296546459197998,
0.9456531405448914,
-0.0527779757976532,
0.25641947984695435,
-0.78439861536026,
0.5186783671379089,
-0.6914222240447998,
1.6908152103424072,
-0.9240075349807739,
-0.35893937945365906,
-0.537017285823822,
0.8743404150009155,
-0.5693120956420898,
-0.1313764750957489,
-0.24665042757987976,
-0.6901953220367432,
0.40507805347442627,
-0.23941372334957123,
0.1736980378627777,
-0.9021848440170288,
-0.6089509725570679,
0.024671269580721855,
0.26483747363090515,
0.04467880725860596,
-0.27675148844718933,
0.056802958250045776,
-0.05586288869380951,
-0.4120645523071289,
1.7898579835891724,
0.43163785338401794,
0.5323442220687866,
-0.4137239456176758,
-1.6767514944076538,
0.6875896453857422,
0.3168445825576782,
-0.5122557878494263,
0.025990962982177734,
-0.9561580419540405,
-0.7692037224769592,
0.34909793734550476,
0.6380654573440552,
-0.8110662698745728,
-0.05144840478897095,
0.0008969344198703766,
-0.23807308077812195,
-0.4755026698112488,
-0.42000794410705566,
-0.1208539605140686,
-0.013090484775602818,
-0.8056510090827942,
1.5474727153778076,
-0.06983935832977295,
0.3862243890762329,
0.420184850692749,
-0.45470112562179565,
-0.4510435461997986,
0.5325515270233154,
0.5696375966072083,
-0.35771501064300537,
-1.0598915815353394,
0.6091670393943787,
0.7978514432907104,
-0.061760351061820984,
0.5311335325241089,
-0.44374504685401917,
0.7168995141983032,
0.6644678115844727,
-0.33880844712257385,
0.6166203618049622,
-0.056835949420928955,
0.3153093457221985,
0.8859280347824097,
-0.04433424770832062,
0.5622830390930176,
0.7523210048675537,
0.10434401035308838,
0.8142596483230591,
-0.5219755172729492,
-0.8293619155883789,
-1.1670069694519043,
-0.6994575262069702,
-0.0016214177012443542,
0.9462093114852905,
-0.10666457563638687,
0.012872263789176941,
-1.0466406345367432,
0.3703756332397461,
-0.7456809282302856,
-0.2620621919631958,
-0.8038108348846436,
-0.42646265029907227,
0.20400720834732056,
0.3474653661251068,
0.15783905982971191,
-0.4480122923851013,
1.455521583557129,
1.0279051065444946,
-0.2468424141407013,
-0.2155246138572693,
-1.8756102323532104,
0.5951301455497742,
-1.3724838495254517,
-0.526643693447113,
-0.3413311243057251,
0.6497324705123901,
-1.0226595401763916,
-0.3790808618068695,
0.7996118664741516,
-0.7819399833679199,
-0.22994887828826904,
-1.8555190563201904,
0.2955685257911682,
-0.6362035274505615,
0.4422450363636017,
1.3804779052734375,
-0.2386772334575653,
-0.41960930824279785,
-0.5182914733886719,
-0.758994460105896,
-0.41282421350479126,
0.05328908562660217,
1.5433582067489624,
0.34801775217056274,
-0.46659213304519653,
0.4281114339828491,
0.34521567821502686,
0.6815635561943054,
-0.5372304916381836,
-1.530669093132019,
0.5628279447555542,
0.9666914939880371,
-0.1013026237487793,
0.5875675678253174,
1.391173005104065,
0.5403393507003784,
0.16179680824279785,
2.466168165206909,
-0.5246099233627319,
-0.1212826520204544,
0.33247706294059753,
0.8532545566558838,
0.387081503868103,
-0.02614365518093109,
-0.37402719259262085,
-0.6504073739051819,
0.8295241594314575,
0.1958540380001068,
-0.23070600628852844,
-0.34588754177093506,
0.8997952342033386,
-0.8851817846298218,
-0.07397475838661194,
-0.3932853937149048,
0.6207773685455322,
0.35378497838974,
0.2698439061641693,
0.8847021460533142,
0.10136547684669495,
0.3148914575576782,
-0.10876064002513885,
1.026564121246338,
-0.6202576756477356,
0.7626816630363464,
0.3577576279640198,
-0.36960968375205994,
0.38823574781417847,
1.0686427354812622,
-0.07764878869056702,
0.04585777223110199,
0.97550368309021,
-0.31488779187202454,
-0.863560676574707,
-0.0676880031824112,
-0.07063749432563782,
-0.07461841404438019,
0.006148114800453186,
-0.15979330241680145,
-0.4077647924423218,
0.7020425200462341,
2.537226676940918,
1.3075816631317139,
0.24473796784877777,
0.6484092473983765,
-0.022847622632980347,
0.19612866640090942,
-0.27973246574401855,
-1.0327364206314087,
-0.24147683382034302,
-0.9701422452926636,
0.9947597980499268,
0.7041217088699341,
-0.13728117942810059,
-0.3343031108379364,
-0.33973661065101624,
-1.1824299097061157,
-0.2977087199687958,
-0.4027036428451538,
-0.33976447582244873,
-0.9262017011642456,
1.0624465942382812,
0.20166274905204773,
0.2319553643465042,
-0.03341580182313919,
1.2104661464691162,
0.033772483468055725,
-2.7202157974243164,
0.10546862334012985,
-0.3865191340446472,
-0.5145886540412903,
-0.6832518577575684,
0.5436652898788452,
-0.7835173606872559,
0.13396736979484558,
-0.4712759852409363,
-1.4695795774459839,
-0.6394979953765869,
0.5338684320449829,
0.5086003541946411,
-0.9359965920448303,
0.15801407396793365,
-0.796823263168335,
-0.48671621084213257,
-0.332191526889801,
-0.538182258605957,
0.005545956082642078,
-0.37088021636009216,
0.4216785728931427,
-0.06582140922546387,
0.8748800158500671,
0.24311688542366028,
0.6490877866744995,
0.5772557854652405,
-0.4395524561405182,
-2.1944894790649414,
-0.5493224859237671,
-0.8387179970741272,
-0.7758183479309082,
0.6973209381103516,
0.544609010219574,
0.4440034329891205,
0.5994154810905457,
0.02835981920361519,
0.8294579386711121,
1.0783100128173828,
-0.09382585436105728,
0.6902190446853638,
0.19278942048549652,
-0.17706844210624695,
0.20416031777858734,
0.36653298139572144,
0.21508753299713135,
0.030122339725494385,
0.31924352049827576,
-0.19443830847740173,
-1.0111416578292847,
0.20654070377349854,
0.18404528498649597,
0.9603009223937988,
0.7719231247901917,
-0.15518207848072052,
-0.1603497564792633,
-0.8391929864883423,
1.982469081878662,
1.678924798965454,
0.5684265494346619,
-1.0337799787521362,
0.22871968150138855,
-0.6506669521331787,
0.26726973056793213,
-1.721076250076294,
-0.1686658263206482,
0.03376825898885727,
-0.9820114374160767,
-0.6253265142440796,
-0.6623731851577759,
-0.5737094879150391,
0.2935504913330078,
-0.8165930509567261,
-0.02840876579284668,
-0.6934113502502441,
-0.031195491552352905,
0.8922268152236938,
-0.515065610408783,
-0.935845136642456,
-1.5780667066574097,
0.3187260627746582,
0.308476984500885,
0.9542886018753052,
1.1367985010147095,
0.306768000125885,
-1.0423535108566284,
0.5403673648834229,
0.3409438729286194,
-0.4370971918106079,
-1.3553086519241333,
-0.5136864185333252,
-0.980504035949707,
0.519532322883606,
-0.6426193714141846,
-0.4451580345630646,
0.1449263095855713,
-1.0566354990005493,
0.7295892238616943,
0.2848483622074127,
0.629766583442688,
0.21366460621356964,
0.05314861238002777,
-0.790726900100708,
-0.034838542342185974,
1.5651661157608032,
-0.019968852400779724,
-0.6962602138519287,
0.5390259027481079,
0.44753164052963257,
0.3609125018119812,
0.9744817614555359,
0.03253820165991783,
0.3286777138710022,
0.06858694553375244,
-0.6645363569259644,
-0.8496309518814087,
1.6964508295059204,
-0.7453742623329163,
-0.9320738315582275,
-0.7389535903930664,
1.0027031898498535,
-0.4456533193588257,
-0.246267169713974,
0.5624526739120483,
-0.2695942223072052,
-0.30116650462150574,
1.0689053535461426,
-0.03812965750694275,
-0.07678668946027756,
-0.4360799193382263,
0.043854229152202606,
0.4950608015060425,
0.01286226511001587,
0.6086146235466003,
0.19755616784095764,
0.6465463638305664,
0.19134171307086945,
0.485900342464447,
-0.8266682624816895,
-1.3552525043487549,
-1.081781268119812,
-0.026436597108840942,
-1.0845813751220703,
0.8426609039306641,
0.7906244993209839,
-0.029103487730026245,
0.6775882244110107,
-0.8470491170883179,
0.4494931995868683,
-0.33014264702796936,
-0.38748183846473694,
0.9935696721076965,
0.32043030858039856,
-0.34986597299575806,
0.26206329464912415,
1.1063965559005737,
-0.9584554433822632,
0.36060261726379395,
0.499691367149353,
0.2927950620651245,
0.12831854820251465,
0.8144393563270569,
-0.39925941824913025,
0.7910271883010864,
-0.35217398405075073,
-2.0294511318206787,
-1.6027114391326904,
-0.35133856534957886,
-0.053111132234334946,
0.012344670481979847,
-0.5376140475273132,
0.21296100318431854,
0.9237884879112244,
-0.5232484340667725,
1.0687848329544067,
1.0196187496185303
] |
what is the best way to make sure you will be remembered in the future (i.e. history books, newspapers)? | according to benamin franklin (possibly apocryphally), the answer was something along the lines of: "either write things worth reading, or do things worth writing about" | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.31720662117004395,
-0.23993708193302155,
-0.3584826588630676,
-0.20943529903888702,
0.03736674040555954,
0.4528987407684326,
1.0423669815063477,
0.27521419525146484,
0.12855760753154755,
0.4100683927536011,
-0.3931669592857361,
0.0957944244146347,
0.09883138537406921,
-0.411416232585907,
0.5522365570068359,
-0.05726787447929382,
0.5342711806297302,
0.46570032835006714,
-1.5242005586624146,
0.015703707933425903,
0.009842827916145325,
0.41107505559921265,
0.5004125833511353,
0.04646530747413635,
0.3376646637916565,
0.31240206956863403,
-0.14742335677146912,
0.26078343391418457,
-0.09765501320362091,
0.33662399649620056,
0.060121312737464905,
0.4592668414115906,
0.3489537537097931,
-0.27380532026290894,
0.25870516896247864,
0.4718782901763916,
0.564254879951477,
0.1689937561750412,
0.5532370805740356,
-0.4802384674549103,
-0.05316997319459915,
-0.35828882455825806,
-0.044379811733961105,
0.24512653052806854,
-0.23864136636257172,
0.16326135396957397,
-0.42013823986053467,
-0.3874361217021942,
-0.15359045565128326,
0.4297579526901245,
0.11731205880641937,
-0.17310312390327454,
0.05155539885163307,
-0.46359196305274963,
-0.172110453248024,
0.14711830019950867,
-0.4468911290168762,
-0.03112475574016571,
-0.1288229078054428,
-0.27982935309410095,
-0.5667948126792908,
-0.28548663854599,
-0.17872685194015503,
0.739456832408905,
0.7691524624824524,
-0.27960047125816345,
-0.704438328742981,
0.41878122091293335,
-0.9420757293701172,
0.45037272572517395,
0.7412818670272827,
0.04808895289897919,
-0.03737032040953636,
-0.22310785949230194,
0.06584931910037994,
-0.05102652311325073,
0.257176011800766,
-0.09288078546524048,
-0.07944682240486145,
-0.24601781368255615,
-0.2688891887664795,
-0.2904212474822998,
-0.027841517701745033,
0.7479652166366577,
-0.30435001850128174,
0.012550141662359238,
0.4366532564163208,
0.1535419523715973,
-0.04089172184467316,
-0.46630337834358215,
-0.22204461693763733,
0.15870459377765656,
0.551175057888031,
0.09997887909412384,
0.1495804786682129,
0.14267508685588837,
-0.23045605421066284,
-0.6066567897796631,
-0.9665665030479431,
0.5588555335998535,
-0.2984749376773834,
0.482180118560791,
-0.16480752825737,
-1.0774894952774048,
0.1789044439792633,
-0.7337085008621216,
-0.27371886372566223,
0.0005873329937458038,
-0.020726382732391357,
-0.6354268193244934,
0.09765373170375824,
-0.43498677015304565,
-0.06650732457637787,
-0.007479280233383179,
0.36545002460479736,
0.2877417802810669,
0.39438945055007935,
0.12686461210250854,
0.11433348059654236,
-1.0158833265304565,
0.08880773931741714,
0.015541404485702515,
0.08768925815820694,
0.516532838344574,
-0.4622518718242645,
-1.287492275238037,
0.7576680183410645,
0.21999399363994598,
0.0209710244089365,
0.21913781762123108,
0.42367473244667053,
0.11355859041213989,
0.2281053364276886,
0.3684104084968567,
-0.7119007110595703,
0.2199045717716217,
0.3715056777000427,
-0.02747984230518341,
0.011037170886993408,
0.5619077086448669,
0.6947252750396729,
0.7204090356826782,
0.0584721565246582,
0.11208547651767731,
-0.22422370314598083,
-0.19008660316467285,
0.15515081584453583,
-0.3594599962234497,
0.3091159462928772,
-0.029137931764125824,
0.35091716051101685,
0.13292083144187927,
0.34093570709228516,
-1.163828730583191,
-0.2986454665660858,
-0.5794887542724609,
0.47469574213027954,
0.22561070322990417,
-0.12137293815612793,
0.3656971752643585,
-0.37803107500076294,
0.16145484149456024,
0.27170243859291077,
0.32421261072158813,
-0.44433027505874634,
-0.34783345460891724,
0.18776193261146545,
0.5563121438026428,
0.15507064759731293,
0.29436570405960083,
0.39521124958992004,
-0.24416455626487732,
0.39337244629859924,
0.5016980171203613,
-0.08307650685310364,
0.6024967432022095,
-0.4532313644886017,
0.13580554723739624,
0.18070173263549805,
0.4268677830696106,
0.22272732853889465,
0.11706322431564331,
0.4588032364845276,
0.1836576610803604,
-0.16978144645690918,
0.41128289699554443,
-0.13154730200767517,
0.04641815647482872,
-0.23871734738349915,
-0.19062580168247223,
0.4070194959640503,
-0.20664826035499573,
-0.8078694343566895,
0.6913661956787109,
-0.34235331416130066,
-0.1369878500699997,
0.40189528465270996,
0.13629135489463806,
-1.013377070426941,
0.13039618730545044,
-1.0536354780197144,
0.012347579002380371,
-0.2579388916492462,
-0.7580342292785645,
0.3864390254020691,
-0.3246036171913147,
0.4115909934043884,
0.29594647884368896,
0.4551323652267456,
-0.5244696140289307,
-0.5989314317703247,
-0.1397709846496582,
-0.10123284161090851,
0.13274741172790527,
0.6353532671928406,
-0.3077130913734436,
-0.2964574694633484,
0.8747512102127075,
0.11551467329263687,
-0.4495110511779785,
-0.2694718837738037,
-1.0112706422805786,
0.11747276782989502,
-0.7848652005195618,
-1.0318048000335693,
0.10376852750778198,
-0.9237046241760254,
0.6451637744903564,
-0.014265194535255432,
0.18602533638477325,
-0.01804560050368309,
-0.8663707971572876,
0.30670756101608276,
-0.05647855997085571,
-0.8246837854385376,
-0.6547919511795044,
0.3587273955345154,
-0.3181486427783966,
-0.08075134456157684,
-0.8070564270019531,
-0.3462207317352295,
0.04803477227687836,
0.08504253625869751,
0.274978905916214,
-0.15337719023227692,
0.4734143018722534,
-0.14224539697170258,
-0.27545225620269775,
0.19732877612113953,
0.4991251826286316,
-0.7185425758361816,
0.2564031481742859,
-0.21450793743133545,
-0.03869963809847832,
-0.695181667804718,
0.10645107924938202,
-0.2528437376022339,
0.29075872898101807,
-0.14698097109794617,
0.3175833225250244,
1.3711600303649902,
-1.0968098640441895,
-0.48175954818725586,
0.08905774354934692,
1.0068023204803467,
-0.09030115604400635,
-0.3854912519454956,
0.47173285484313965,
-0.722226083278656,
-0.3561263084411621,
-1.2815500497817993,
0.03658386692404747,
0.37626034021377563,
0.4718884229660034,
0.08550514280796051,
0.3069090247154236,
-0.3939622938632965,
0.17473742365837097,
-0.5414730310440063,
-0.4916873574256897,
0.3543277084827423,
-0.7864589691162109,
0.003953307867050171,
0.7024831771850586,
-0.4118243455886841,
0.0017436444759368896,
0.189422607421875,
0.3562971353530884,
0.2831183969974518,
-0.23540255427360535,
0.15883387625217438,
-0.2554890215396881,
-0.7358179688453674,
-0.2603347897529602,
0.3165751099586487,
-0.29962778091430664,
-0.07109564542770386,
-0.1255229413509369,
-0.10649088770151138,
0.8450075387954712,
0.10408219695091248,
-0.4890552759170532,
-0.18936476111412048,
0.25877976417541504,
-0.21501311659812927,
-1.0764492750167847,
-0.14788474142551422,
0.08064691722393036,
0.1657649725675583,
0.4274112582206726,
-0.14266887307167053,
-0.3305566906929016,
0.254128634929657,
-0.3762873411178589,
0.7489897012710571,
0.41148948669433594,
0.2585394084453583,
-0.18106180429458618,
-0.5927257537841797,
0.13214343786239624,
0.09217958897352219,
-0.224379301071167,
-0.4380307197570801,
0.006989777088165283,
-0.01587313413619995,
0.34189003705978394,
0.18767797946929932,
0.16801151633262634,
-0.4325409531593323,
0.36584290862083435,
0.22334516048431396,
0.19067718088626862,
-0.5868018269538879,
0.13148944079875946,
0.43242132663726807,
-0.043423570692539215,
0.4881919026374817,
-0.4370022416114807,
-0.6141751408576965,
0.039323583245277405,
0.8471462726593018,
0.38245517015457153,
-0.4345252811908722,
0.09584686160087585,
0.27717065811157227,
0.28665459156036377,
0.7128504514694214,
0.8515138626098633,
-0.7432047724723816,
0.7314912676811218,
0.41307491064071655,
0.3232319951057434,
0.4400795102119446,
-0.07492898404598236,
0.2746809124946594,
-0.8215386867523193,
1.0714281797409058,
0.14704039692878723,
-0.005602460354566574,
-0.835204541683197,
-0.1054156944155693,
0.7245354056358337,
0.13477164506912231,
0.8288532495498657,
1.1429225206375122,
0.2237960696220398,
-0.09853781759738922,
-0.17914700508117676,
-0.12949058413505554,
-0.9182900190353394,
-0.31753623485565186,
0.14114010334014893,
0.6031986474990845,
0.14439216256141663,
0.16291499137878418,
0.08395501971244812,
0.09576911479234695,
0.4850572347640991,
-0.17789310216903687,
0.3716018795967102,
0.35928240418434143,
-0.43285104632377625,
0.6079415678977966,
-0.23579299449920654
] |
|
what is happening in the sky tonight | it is a relatively cloudless night here. the moon is shining brightly, there is a perfect circle of especially clear sky around the moon(the diameter of which is about the same as your hands shoulder width apart held up to the sky). the rim of the curlew is clouds. i can't take a picture because i don't have a good camera. my speculation would be the diffusion of light but the rim of the circle is clearly defined in clouds. any ideas what could be causing this? | basically, there are ice particles in the air, and the moonlight is refracting off of those. these line up for any given observer and seem to make a 'halo' around a given light source. _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_halo"
] | [
-0.5623946189880371,
0.41803568601608276,
-0.22246095538139343,
0.693117618560791,
0.27208733558654785,
0.4861533045768738,
0.37213510274887085,
-0.5233042240142822,
0.6020928621292114,
0.2806846499443054,
0.01889854669570923,
-0.1540192812681198,
0.021626949310302734,
-0.4168931543827057,
0.6426621675491333,
0.8408476710319519,
0.11423039436340332,
0.0694473385810852,
-0.679545521736145,
-0.08936376869678497,
0.804724931716919,
-0.2929629981517792,
-0.2572537064552307,
-0.3752884864807129,
0.10347069799900055,
-0.19418002665042877,
-0.5783827304840088,
0.5206680297851562,
0.12154225260019302,
0.3381408751010895,
-0.2195158302783966,
0.2571936845779419,
0.0674450546503067,
0.7608457803726196,
0.5174940824508667,
-0.15116918087005615,
0.008953879587352276,
-0.3621197044849396,
-0.38821542263031006,
0.15491357445716858,
0.3904423117637634,
0.07403258979320526,
0.2482263296842575,
0.13043153285980225,
0.0081101655960083,
0.5392959713935852,
-0.18223147094249725,
-0.2764308750629425,
-0.06383401155471802,
-0.47551125288009644,
-0.2212870717048645,
0.12575334310531616,
-0.8573315143585205,
0.28193092346191406,
-0.29267174005508423,
-0.3138728737831116,
0.17728587985038757,
-0.9461752772331238,
0.1632901430130005,
-1.1072481870651245,
0.2734687328338623,
0.02989373728632927,
-0.08392076194286346,
0.04000188037753105,
-0.030327482149004936,
-0.13490259647369385,
-0.8712109923362732,
-0.7758108377456665,
0.46608349680900574,
-0.3692696690559387,
-0.3063305616378784,
0.2671263813972473,
-0.596259355545044,
-0.6853466033935547,
-0.4179398715496063,
-0.2929537892341614,
-0.1789231151342392,
0.09436348080635071,
-0.4315997362136841,
-0.3410249948501587,
0.5744597911834717,
-0.36893391609191895,
-0.1677219122648239,
0.6341336965560913,
0.21552857756614685,
0.5285355448722839,
0.3782835304737091,
0.05620105564594269,
0.25275278091430664,
0.40232598781585693,
-0.9984914064407349,
-0.2444916069507599,
-0.3810957670211792,
0.09737931191921234,
-0.1620173454284668,
-0.24129265546798706,
0.6494326591491699,
-0.8928310871124268,
0.2719844579696655,
0.3103739619255066,
-0.21533213555812836,
-0.5673786997795105,
-0.6337246298789978,
-0.045377396047115326,
-0.22717586159706116,
0.22639311850070953,
0.10903531312942505,
1.165015697479248,
0.04698548465967178,
0.04919402301311493,
0.4316193759441376,
-0.4751942753791809,
-0.4042702913284302,
0.04785626381635666,
-0.175474151968956,
-0.004988327622413635,
0.2891736626625061,
0.32827410101890564,
-1.2225267887115479,
0.6073665618896484,
0.39373862743377686,
0.1837046891450882,
0.2689364552497864,
0.6239354014396667,
0.7114419937133789,
-0.2171139270067215,
0.2269357442855835,
0.3945753276348114,
-0.05103692784905434,
0.13229113817214966,
0.6571851968765259,
-0.44806423783302307,
0.48548033833503723,
0.01012149453163147,
0.13208408653736115,
0.1208149716258049,
0.41442739963531494,
0.1485593020915985,
-0.21550850570201874,
1.0110429525375366,
0.3135390877723694,
0.07663952559232712,
-0.4318978488445282,
-0.38600051403045654,
0.26873454451560974,
0.6468108892440796,
-0.6349817514419556,
0.11739450693130493,
-0.14558503031730652,
-0.49031323194503784,
-0.38151460886001587,
-0.39125919342041016,
-0.6563423871994019,
0.13887937366962433,
0.0465223453938961,
0.23092329502105713,
0.4037584960460663,
0.17463424801826477,
0.7367217540740967,
0.6755508780479431,
0.23940959572792053,
0.16365718841552734,
0.11847420036792755,
-0.021003257483243942,
-0.2826785743236542,
0.04994763806462288,
0.16596846282482147,
-0.24592068791389465,
-0.5920668840408325,
0.41095179319381714,
0.08814846724271774,
-0.4894863963127136,
0.28190478682518005,
-0.006615288555622101,
-0.051663048565387726,
-0.029816798865795135,
-0.34001442790031433,
0.5239489674568176,
-0.12736201286315918,
0.6774482727050781,
-0.3035506010055542,
0.45165717601776123,
0.7496211528778076,
0.3531530201435089,
-0.16477321088314056,
0.06656147539615631,
0.05558543652296066,
-0.2317756712436676,
-0.030597060918807983,
-0.15709172189235687,
-0.29280805587768555,
-0.5350327491760254,
0.23550023138523102,
-0.3060523569583893,
-0.08381329476833344,
0.3432747423648834,
-0.25098639726638794,
-0.6051002740859985,
-0.20608608424663544,
-0.07657954841852188,
0.06054722145199776,
-0.39787858724594116,
-0.0795249342918396,
-0.46157294511795044,
0.14560526609420776,
0.3690352141857147,
0.922139585018158,
0.7529213428497314,
-0.7745287418365479,
0.06849293410778046,
0.3065952956676483,
-0.8328880071640015,
-0.7677251696586609,
-0.7155974507331848,
0.27879855036735535,
-0.08330824971199036,
-0.8065764904022217,
-0.7927502989768982,
-0.41549521684646606,
0.5748335123062134,
0.0628661960363388,
-0.7433711290359497,
-0.5942487716674805,
-0.5520002841949463,
-0.041627950966358185,
-0.2932042181491852,
-0.9628446102142334,
0.4471714496612549,
-0.1982150673866272,
0.430783212184906,
0.05838903784751892,
0.20341156423091888,
0.6362038254737854,
1.3494060039520264,
0.2853845953941345,
0.3893166184425354,
-0.49857544898986816,
0.1464996039867401,
0.3751194477081299,
-0.9470165371894836,
0.6453120112419128,
0.2968941628932953,
0.02439415454864502,
0.6832922697067261,
-0.8057738542556763,
0.4411868453025818,
-0.1375252604484558,
-0.39110755920410156,
-0.2524745464324951,
0.97685706615448,
0.5598604083061218,
-0.3407910168170929,
-0.6524778604507446,
-0.38168781995773315,
-0.3214004933834076,
0.7366242408752441,
-0.3358977735042572,
-0.6484220027923584,
-0.047951847314834595,
0.5129625797271729,
0.0794556736946106,
-0.4837977886199951,
-0.8193886280059814,
-0.1389215886592865,
0.6090292930603027,
0.18876691162586212,
0.4772558808326721,
0.26677075028419495,
-0.6046273112297058,
-0.5662603378295898,
-0.14813116192817688,
0.3041749596595764,
-0.3544222116470337,
-0.014405220746994019,
0.5772243738174438,
-0.3869377076625824,
-0.11640523374080658,
-0.07435231655836105,
-0.46328961849212646,
-0.11911526322364807,
-0.23598232865333557,
0.5266003608703613,
-0.5933002233505249,
0.23514363169670105,
0.5303430557250977,
-0.25999513268470764,
-0.09681510925292969,
-0.10060015320777893,
0.2302016168832779,
-0.6201807260513306,
0.2569776773452759,
0.21748723089694977,
0.7441222071647644,
0.11622895300388336,
0.6732977628707886,
-0.8620181679725647,
0.2966677248477936,
0.37807583808898926,
0.19958925247192383,
0.17864958941936493,
-0.31235119700431824,
-0.2152055948972702,
0.06868228316307068,
-0.19506880640983582,
-0.7302932739257812,
0.02756635844707489,
0.21887004375457764,
0.4249071478843689,
1.2160816192626953,
-0.6177512407302856,
-0.4851207137107849,
-0.2802586257457733,
0.5492090582847595,
0.09743548929691315,
-0.2647939920425415,
0.4189339876174927,
-0.33707180619239807,
0.24220114946365356,
0.24442701041698456,
0.29601407051086426,
0.1779485046863556,
0.4511246979236603,
0.11514362692832947,
0.19103629887104034,
-0.19405525922775269,
-0.35703733563423157,
0.2566030025482178,
-0.07566787302494049,
-0.5346987843513489,
-0.3278408348560333,
-0.20478986203670502,
0.03580421954393387,
0.7683260440826416,
-0.15516704320907593,
0.6064984798431396,
0.1378573179244995,
-0.3873569965362549,
-0.8230825662612915,
-0.05933650955557823,
-0.4966399669647217,
-0.8251529932022095,
0.5332806706428528,
-0.22563566267490387,
-0.34308063983917236,
0.11943240463733673,
0.5586273074150085,
-0.05209168791770935,
-0.08553188294172287,
-0.41735559701919556,
0.19017867743968964,
0.5984959602355957,
0.12518925964832306,
0.4016532003879547,
0.40890413522720337,
0.21289148926734924,
-0.09954693913459778,
0.27854856848716736,
-0.0034226682037115097,
0.010938763618469238,
0.27852368354797363,
0.2391670048236847,
0.06428008526563644,
-0.1743607223033905,
0.24477529525756836,
-0.24761585891246796,
0.896652102470398,
0.8227730989456177,
-0.11401872336864471,
-0.5589091777801514,
0.5077049732208252,
-0.2874969244003296,
0.10070490837097168,
-0.4302583932876587,
-0.5608882308006287,
-0.22466948628425598,
-0.9404280781745911,
0.33575594425201416,
-0.3295261561870575,
-0.16849946975708008,
0.005539905279874802,
-0.12954890727996826,
0.14776508510112762,
-0.4283849596977234,
0.2253594696521759
] |
in animal groups with more complex social environments (apes, dolphins, elephants, etc), are there some members who are popular/unpopular? | i was wondering if in these animal groups there were any social constructs like popularity similar to our own. | oh yes, definitely! in fact, hierarchy in some social animals could be thought of as analogous to "popularity" (although what makes one individual more "popular" differs from species to species and is complicated by the pheromones they put out and dominance hierarchy). jane goodall and other chimpanzee researchers have written extensively about social relationships and mapped out friendships between individuals in certain chimp communities. the number of friendships an individual has has a direct impact on reproductive fitness and survivorship. popular individuals have greater mate choices, eat better, and are more integrated into their societies. for example, in most ape societies, grooming is considered "social currency". not only is it a practical means of reducing ectoparasites, the grooming is also known to release endorphins, calm stressful situations that would otherwise lead to violence, and create political bonds for use in later allegiances. primatologists have found that "unpopular" chimps received grooming correspondingly less than others and had much greater blood cortisol (stress hormone) levels than average (if this continues over time, it can have real consequences – like immunosuppression). most social animals need this reciprocal touch and affection almost as much as their basic needs. i remember watching the story of this one reservation chimpanzee who was so unpopular, he was ostracized by his own kind. he actively sought friendships with capuchin monkeys, became integrated into their society, and gave and received grooming from them (this is significant because in the wild, chimpanzees hunt monkeys). there are other anecdotes that are less extreme, but it does go to show how important these social bonds are within some animal societies. you could imagine how in the wild, friendships are so vital because being ostracized from the group could in effect be a death sentence for a social animal (inability to hunt, find protection from predators, etc). | 10 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8926181793212891,
0.8557192087173462,
1.6931241750717163,
-0.14602991938591003,
-4.1644511222839355,
0.2530680298805237,
3.0615265369415283,
-3.640300750732422,
2.5197348594665527,
3.835827350616455,
5.766951560974121,
-1.4239826202392578,
1.9626911878585815,
2.457794666290283,
1.0407304763793945,
1.2605903148651123,
1.2452112436294556,
-0.15831708908081055,
-3.290482759475708,
0.8880756497383118,
-2.506755828857422,
-1.4409496784210205,
2.615004062652588,
-0.11226927489042282,
-4.754810810089111,
-4.962245941162109,
-4.013818740844727,
-3.0336968898773193,
0.9326466917991638,
1.6785537004470825,
-0.18505096435546875,
2.133324384689331,
2.4972472190856934,
-2.1815052032470703,
-4.78810977935791,
2.1910130977630615,
0.7391574382781982,
-0.4223215579986572,
2.1964259147644043,
1.1337318420410156,
2.4721291065216064,
-0.3561328053474426,
2.5355424880981445,
-0.7972667217254639,
-3.571709394454956,
2.3556220531463623,
0.1470640003681183,
0.06916184723377228,
-3.5549232959747314,
-2.064215660095215,
-1.3118531703948975,
1.867577314376831,
-2.175612211227417,
1.7228773832321167,
1.216345191001892,
0.4387596845626831,
0.8817158937454224,
-0.5948715209960938,
-1.186378002166748,
1.335896611213684,
2.832716226577759,
1.6021976470947266,
-2.322580337524414,
2.8983676433563232,
4.552556991577148,
-2.073975086212158,
-2.506760597229004,
3.8630504608154297,
-1.5089285373687744,
4.669915676116943,
5.961733818054199,
-2.2852139472961426,
-1.950598955154419,
3.280505418777466,
-1.2010234594345093,
0.8501722812652588,
0.21772678196430206,
-3.687915802001953,
0.444227010011673,
-5.04156494140625,
-3.5619075298309326,
2.2169277667999268,
1.5594897270202637,
2.306408166885376,
-1.3185310363769531,
-0.9322120547294617,
0.5990976095199585,
-3.9517223834991455,
-1.0323436260223389,
3.083209991455078,
1.2284998893737793,
1.274855375289917,
4.485143184661865,
-3.198294162750244,
0.597474992275238,
1.317018747329712,
-1.7829017639160156,
-0.4121400713920593,
-2.312436819076538,
1.3430736064910889,
-4.059373378753662,
1.7278543710708618,
-1.745511770248413,
-0.13657140731811523,
-0.728969156742096,
-4.263711452484131,
-5.449442386627197,
-0.5305901765823364,
-0.629318118095398,
6.0665130615234375,
-5.516646862030029,
-1.8888819217681885,
-0.7348588705062866,
0.9170915484428406,
0.7049663066864014,
-0.002633005380630493,
2.079463481903076,
-2.292884349822998,
2.7859575748443604,
-1.7730416059494019,
2.931966781616211,
0.0773848295211792,
0.8789029121398926,
-0.9385132193565369,
2.1859934329986572,
1.1271893978118896,
-1.5532703399658203,
2.717904806137085,
2.1191892623901367,
-0.8144646883010864,
0.8951160311698914,
1.104501485824585,
2.147676467895508,
2.813796281814575,
-4.212678909301758,
-3.2816851139068604,
1.3743880987167358,
-2.156675100326538,
-1.6273754835128784,
2.8296172618865967,
2.874866247177124,
2.4882850646972656,
-0.394623339176178,
2.2610297203063965,
1.9885923862457275,
2.495814323425293,
2.8185501098632812,
-2.281942844390869,
0.3874875605106354,
1.7642878293991089,
-0.29384952783584595,
-2.6520981788635254,
1.3650603294372559,
-2.2509055137634277,
-2.013662099838257,
-1.6604803800582886,
0.6464748978614807,
1.8871474266052246,
3.208348035812378,
0.5119901895523071,
0.8712899684906006,
-0.1239381730556488,
-0.7621970176696777,
1.6093863248825073,
5.500545024871826,
-4.5530595779418945,
-3.0273280143737793,
-2.0728490352630615,
3.8323307037353516,
-0.4825359284877777,
-0.1630828082561493,
-0.23803040385246277,
0.23403680324554443,
0.8665469288825989,
0.35035398602485657,
-3.145498275756836,
-8.05509090423584,
4.240735054016113,
1.061161994934082,
1.9912492036819458,
-0.34150177240371704,
-2.5242843627929688,
-3.238107681274414,
2.0090341567993164,
-3.7234864234924316,
0.23789706826210022,
-0.8875601291656494,
-1.9169234037399292,
1.2126346826553345,
-1.7232192754745483,
-0.9864287376403809,
-0.9955508708953857,
5.3736748695373535,
-1.1540336608886719,
-0.11665502190589905,
-0.3978388011455536,
-0.003187030553817749,
-0.4332844018936157,
-2.183760643005371,
1.3525993824005127,
-5.7519965171813965,
-4.397702693939209,
-1.942054271697998,
-2.7862439155578613,
0.41301023960113525,
-0.5159705281257629,
1.0783222913742065,
-1.7208106517791748,
-0.5263857245445251,
2.208730936050415,
-3.321873426437378,
3.3976972103118896,
0.4170948266983032,
0.3808533251285553,
2.833759307861328,
1.3235849142074585,
1.254896879196167,
3.3140294551849365,
2.8468146324157715,
-1.533316969871521,
-2.3159615993499756,
-2.0408668518066406,
-1.3749607801437378,
-3.9334263801574707,
-4.413426399230957,
-2.2319798469543457,
-1.3974769115447998,
3.1105799674987793,
0.12197107076644897,
-0.3025195002555847,
-3.356623411178589,
0.6118081212043762,
2.25722074508667,
0.2544300854206085,
-4.894820690155029,
-3.8566994667053223,
6.586663722991943,
0.7969291806221008,
-0.031205415725708008,
-3.572056770324707,
1.3996505737304688,
4.963615894317627,
-1.7147729396820068,
-0.19582778215408325,
-0.702590823173523,
4.650074005126953,
-0.09723567962646484,
0.7041249871253967,
-1.7339677810668945,
1.4767131805419922,
-6.175557613372803,
-0.2891498804092407,
-3.2809486389160156,
-0.050149593502283096,
-1.1305509805679321,
-0.057812172919511795,
-3.7022154331207275,
0.37509071826934814,
0.9539342522621155,
5.923065662384033,
-1.1286970376968384,
1.955161690711975,
-2.4918761253356934,
-1.1730294227600098,
2.0723953247070312,
-2.5921902656555176,
-0.9647554159164429,
2.458615303039551,
0.4881456196308136,
1.6708321571350098,
-3.536752462387085,
-1.2736748456954956,
-0.30201777815818787,
0.3790319561958313,
1.7881416082382202,
2.1369354724884033,
0.8544175028800964,
-4.0559258460998535,
-1.3609511852264404,
-3.6192731857299805,
0.1140209287405014,
-5.383617877960205,
-0.48721492290496826,
3.5520436763763428,
-0.5172845125198364,
1.1114017963409424,
-3.4553589820861816,
2.8692402839660645,
1.8497505187988281,
-1.02645742893219,
-3.2758424282073975,
2.9171066284179688,
-2.3722848892211914,
-2.6724517345428467,
1.6336915493011475,
0.30304428935050964,
-0.5890546441078186,
-2.0928502082824707,
-2.4948291778564453,
-1.1968437433242798,
0.24074585735797882,
-2.969391345977783,
1.2050299644470215,
1.271582841873169,
-3.5064632892608643,
-2.0561511516571045,
4.591498851776123,
-2.110320806503296,
0.25792843103408813,
-0.7016077041625977,
-0.48428434133529663,
2.0445313453674316,
3.6110501289367676,
0.6938560009002686,
-1.920007586479187,
-1.944028615951538,
0.611907958984375,
-1.004454493522644,
1.0182671546936035,
3.644376039505005,
4.111447334289551,
1.3287166357040405,
0.875253438949585,
4.020663738250732,
-0.970252275466919,
3.443831205368042,
-0.4257766604423523,
-1.459486484527588,
0.10559095442295074,
6.598223686218262,
-3.0556254386901855,
4.1983232498168945,
0.6419847011566162,
1.7056725025177002,
2.8725485801696777,
3.5774946212768555,
2.804081439971924,
-1.227407693862915,
-3.2018673419952393,
-0.7037308812141418,
-2.0475571155548096,
0.7911655306816101,
2.636486530303955,
1.603925347328186,
-5.5105743408203125,
-1.2764971256256104,
-0.45190465450286865,
1.0545299053192139,
-2.3201496601104736,
3.491262674331665,
0.3852044939994812,
1.6939520835876465,
-2.4565460681915283,
1.6695367097854614,
3.8224520683288574,
0.09393244981765747,
-5.329184055328369,
-1.990797996520996,
3.187307834625244,
-3.3175837993621826,
2.454364538192749,
-1.0595577955245972,
1.3044517040252686,
5.981800079345703,
2.6717467308044434,
2.219632863998413,
0.3561183214187622,
1.2378963232040405,
-0.20765310525894165,
-5.887284755706787,
0.37729400396347046,
0.6573113799095154,
1.8955765962600708,
-1.8396598100662231,
-4.519983768463135,
-3.249288320541382,
2.3484740257263184,
1.8272463083267212,
0.9285887479782104,
3.1677024364471436,
1.0190130472183228,
-1.1639668941497803,
3.1361937522888184,
1.0699836015701294
] |
in the context of lasik surgery, how is light able to cut through the cornea? | also, how does the laser not cut through the rest of the eye as well if it can cut things so easily. i'm also confused about how it can cut plastic. | a laser beam can be put through lenses which create a very small area where the cutting will occur. as soon as the target area is cut, the beam diffuses as it travels on. a diffused beam will not cut - it has to be a pin-point. and different laser frequencies will cut different tissues. your dr uses the frequency that can cut cornea tissue. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.7044527530670166,
-0.47770577669143677,
0.36913061141967773,
0.23086684942245483,
0.08881744742393494,
0.11830269545316696,
-0.2092365026473999,
-0.2996702194213867,
-1.2166606187820435,
-0.1649714559316635,
0.01369236409664154,
-0.0015444383025169373,
-1.0663530826568604,
0.5699223279953003,
-0.11524903774261475,
-0.43542852997779846,
-0.3370937705039978,
1.0674710273742676,
-0.9281611442565918,
0.338467001914978,
0.17372176051139832,
-0.19468849897384644,
-0.037353068590164185,
-0.00821135938167572,
-0.35633739829063416,
-0.26458391547203064,
-0.14637874066829681,
-0.5600894689559937,
0.20525552332401276,
-0.4771616458892822,
0.10897383838891983,
0.21394124627113342,
0.22677664458751678,
-0.17927518486976624,
0.3144371211528778,
-0.4209510385990143,
-0.3972485363483429,
0.7190093994140625,
-0.2252115160226822,
-0.6894022822380066,
0.05081756412982941,
0.3746498227119446,
-0.6111553907394409,
0.6522207260131836,
0.681283712387085,
0.13723571598529816,
-0.13348789513111115,
-0.801609992980957,
-0.3075099587440491,
0.1426212191581726,
-1.0003129243850708,
-0.41443711519241333,
-0.2954023480415344,
0.5714405179023743,
0.2529025077819824,
0.062398895621299744,
0.20677587389945984,
-0.2787581980228424,
-0.04207904636859894,
0.1022118628025055,
0.018217027187347412,
-0.04926729202270508,
-0.886653482913971,
0.6181877851486206,
0.7743096351623535,
-0.3178364932537079,
0.04059644415974617,
-0.48607727885246277,
-0.579780638217926,
0.21360266208648682,
0.1440707892179489,
-0.3382764458656311,
-0.2391291856765747,
0.3429749608039856,
0.0052607059478759766,
-0.6480971574783325,
-0.5369933843612671,
0.4420504570007324,
-0.4129781126976013,
0.6953741312026978,
0.3815365433692932,
-0.14177334308624268,
0.22978991270065308,
0.5873149633407593,
-0.6050411462783813,
0.740019679069519,
0.5121644139289856,
0.15881064534187317,
-0.7351735234260559,
-0.27879783511161804,
-0.28183236718177795,
0.06808899343013763,
-0.6537125110626221,
-0.06924028694629669,
-0.31284672021865845,
-0.1462685465812683,
0.04460221529006958,
-0.42626845836639404,
0.8516709804534912,
0.3091208040714264,
-0.9938278198242188,
-1.4157524108886719,
-1.0161283016204834,
0.3675500452518463,
-1.1018500328063965,
0.10283917188644409,
0.21216446161270142,
0.6970577239990234,
-0.615449845790863,
0.6449640393257141,
0.4482130706310272,
0.6970757246017456,
-0.2630157470703125,
-0.8441711068153381,
0.20315271615982056,
-0.0705314427614212,
0.965258002281189,
-0.5947126150131226,
0.27941232919692993,
-1.0426905155181885,
-0.22701497375965118,
0.37456634640693665,
0.04540058970451355,
-0.0200873464345932,
0.6076414585113525,
0.5714208483695984,
0.15148141980171204,
0.8432624340057373,
0.7776036262512207,
-0.26659783720970154,
-0.38697949051856995,
-0.9749733805656433,
0.9780751466751099,
0.12548111379146576,
-0.11565378308296204,
0.09873414039611816,
-0.32403963804244995,
-0.5674464702606201,
0.5520171523094177,
-0.01795738935470581,
0.645337700843811,
0.7414953708648682,
0.20211803913116455,
0.5867021083831787,
1.400020956993103,
0.5011191964149475,
-1.485907793045044,
-0.2763320207595825,
-0.1327039897441864,
-0.05723252892494202,
-0.7114636898040771,
-0.13432437181472778,
-0.12148606777191162,
0.13050635159015656,
-0.3083750009536743,
0.18177306652069092,
-0.473387748003006,
0.27050960063934326,
-0.33636119961738586,
0.5963184833526611,
-0.6386295557022095,
0.10137994587421417,
-0.8619595766067505,
0.8383566737174988,
-0.5715647339820862,
0.36470550298690796,
0.1908724159002304,
-0.3192012310028076,
-0.23853158950805664,
0.23991946876049042,
0.33368200063705444,
-1.100418210029602,
0.030963897705078125,
-1.1547220945358276,
-1.2396609783172607,
-0.13051903247833252,
-1.833256721496582,
0.675299346446991,
1.0082857608795166,
0.6017541885375977,
1.5282435417175293,
0.708063542842865,
1.1210650205612183,
0.22516033053398132,
0.6972015500068665,
-1.1878595352172852,
0.6957755088806152,
0.05126824975013733,
0.6628351211547852,
-0.6088027358055115,
-0.7875211834907532,
-0.0318642258644104,
0.31730279326438904,
0.2486666589975357,
-0.1335085928440094,
1.3348352909088135,
-0.19640880823135376,
-0.4917988181114197,
-1.2344392538070679,
0.7407266497612,
0.2986968159675598,
-0.5465757846832275,
-0.008494287729263306,
0.2558674216270447,
-0.6265220046043396,
0.9338867664337158,
-0.22802811861038208,
-0.5220075845718384,
-0.5150805711746216,
0.7677318453788757,
-0.2233905792236328,
-1.568246841430664,
-0.4120134711265564,
-0.36689525842666626,
-0.12229079008102417,
0.5447050929069519,
-0.8433278203010559,
-0.7062257528305054,
-0.5128824710845947,
0.3079717755317688,
0.29087746143341064,
0.28483521938323975,
0.5045261383056641,
-0.5445420145988464,
0.2529224753379822,
0.161123126745224,
0.054594606161117554,
0.6379733085632324,
-0.18959537148475647,
0.07252335548400879,
-0.07441465556621552,
0.4578993618488312,
0.9112876057624817,
0.7314218878746033,
-0.3833010196685791,
0.2035737931728363,
-0.9400395154953003,
-0.2492496818304062,
-0.7007066011428833,
0.21011856198310852,
0.13625511527061462,
-0.4126165509223938,
-0.6127303242683411,
-0.2592547833919525,
-0.2481653392314911,
0.715855598449707,
0.454672634601593,
0.004031449556350708,
-0.32762959599494934,
0.01756151393055916,
-0.2337551712989807,
-0.4039939343929291,
-0.9164287447929382,
-0.05354589223861694,
-0.2939944863319397,
-0.37048643827438354,
-0.5009571313858032,
-0.5440794229507446,
0.4038569927215576,
0.07815146446228027,
0.17093347012996674,
0.029880672693252563,
0.013886511325836182,
0.48031890392303467,
-0.07339446246623993,
0.7912303805351257,
0.5232257843017578,
0.47516199946403503,
-0.7187243103981018,
-0.5505385994911194,
0.45884227752685547,
-0.14157038927078247,
0.6408593058586121,
0.38333046436309814,
-0.6130965948104858,
-0.0951240211725235,
-0.3370474576950073,
0.20770014822483063,
-0.219112828373909,
0.21164116263389587,
0.27052992582321167,
-0.33330777287483215,
-1.0213284492492676,
1.1727932691574097,
-0.10021631419658661,
0.13796338438987732,
-0.6199084520339966,
-0.24609333276748657,
1.9820406436920166,
0.35075533390045166,
-0.3145592510700226,
0.5897051095962524,
0.6355814337730408,
-0.07648003101348877,
0.4715898633003235,
1.192049264907837,
0.18097186088562012,
0.8041529655456543,
-0.5099478363990784,
-0.8933448195457458,
0.5555134415626526,
0.8902065753936768,
-0.8130738735198975,
2.099195957183838,
0.7402317523956299,
0.15390875935554504,
0.06060538440942764,
0.8496645092964172,
0.2660149335861206,
0.30072280764579773,
-0.3686392307281494,
-1.1945998668670654,
-0.7783107757568359,
-1.2123162746429443,
-1.0674774646759033,
0.6454008221626282,
1.1495568752288818,
-1.036973476409912,
-0.32775408029556274,
0.23520317673683167,
-0.07916673272848129,
0.06860706210136414,
-1.002370834350586,
0.9494143724441528,
0.26448148488998413,
-0.3685550093650818,
-0.6570115089416504,
0.4544055461883545,
-0.1674983948469162,
-1.6523823738098145,
-0.7060601711273193,
0.24609515070915222,
0.11617396771907806,
0.44215261936187744,
0.5671884417533875,
-0.7813361883163452,
-0.005233287811279297,
-0.6685813069343567,
-0.24807517230510712,
-0.45625415444374084,
-0.525566816329956,
-0.48374852538108826,
0.21581779420375824,
0.7239304780960083,
-0.7067994475364685,
-0.06712479889392853,
0.011448509991168976,
0.5383328199386597,
0.10728569328784943,
0.8361824750900269,
0.8626723885536194,
0.10297033935785294,
0.8572862148284912,
1.2353825569152832,
0.32890650629997253,
-0.8299936056137085,
0.011375129222869873,
0.27463898062705994,
-0.08240008354187012,
0.3377993702888489,
-0.4005117416381836,
-0.7783619165420532,
0.311256468296051,
0.3630151152610779,
-0.7014598846435547,
0.031988441944122314,
0.31184646487236023,
-0.544073760509491,
0.003072153776884079,
1.40913987159729,
1.5131971836090088,
0.7843623161315918,
0.3213420510292053,
0.15519140660762787,
0.10089981555938721,
0.17642003297805786,
1.5674556493759155,
-0.06550203263759613,
0.0035340413451194763,
-0.20111218094825745,
0.234670951962471,
-0.5582473874092102,
0.39169225096702576,
0.9149460196495056
] |
is there an international governing body that certifies the radius of the earth? | i've been trying to find some sort of agency that certifies the differences between an earth that is a perfect sphere and one that is some sort of oblate spheroid. could it be something like nist or the general conference on weights and measures? | the earth isn't a perfect sphere but the international astronomical union has defined any planet as having an [equilibrium of gravitation field](_url_0_). or in other words, even though a planet is unlikely to be spherical, it still has approximately the same gravity at any given point on its surface. we use measurements from nasa, usgs and various other international bodies to provide a mean radius. | 4 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.iau2006.org/mirror/www.iau.org/iau0603/index.html"
] | [
-0.014131270349025726,
0.06525574624538422,
0.043118178844451904,
-0.6309295892715454,
0.08007144927978516,
-1.663807988166809,
0.3070682883262634,
0.07876747846603394,
1.5821759700775146,
-0.7956958413124084,
0.8528499603271484,
-1.0202617645263672,
0.9841956496238708,
-0.22140732407569885,
-0.06669238209724426,
-1.5878169536590576,
-1.6341824531555176,
-0.2134464532136917,
-0.1722312569618225,
0.07161033153533936,
0.5585984587669373,
0.7360023260116577,
-0.4830706715583801,
0.15909942984580994,
-0.3307461142539978,
-0.19030292332172394,
-0.6104829907417297,
-0.2845474183559418,
0.23382790386676788,
-0.5039067268371582,
0.49098891019821167,
0.8476920127868652,
-0.3393034338951111,
0.08100087940692902,
0.3822128474712372,
0.4786503314971924,
0.19769468903541565,
-1.1079972982406616,
-1.457824945449829,
-0.5240859985351562,
0.11748582124710083,
-0.09722095727920532,
1.4172804355621338,
0.9412333369255066,
0.6992537975311279,
1.3924181461334229,
0.23160961270332336,
0.4947664439678192,
-0.6569761633872986,
-0.2989807724952698,
0.3424018621444702,
-0.379977822303772,
-0.9392553567886353,
0.2875562906265259,
-0.6562543511390686,
0.7768259048461914,
0.7575451135635376,
-1.3866093158721924,
0.8055273294448853,
-1.2229530811309814,
0.749557375907898,
-0.4617895781993866,
0.6581502556800842,
0.5894409418106079,
0.5343050360679626,
-0.21610982716083527,
0.08881230652332306,
-0.22385326027870178,
-0.13911396265029907,
0.9319663047790527,
-0.677798867225647,
0.30323362350463867,
-1.8362808227539062,
-0.01827418804168701,
1.1953656673431396,
-0.10362759977579117,
0.549819827079773,
1.1313509941101074,
0.7725541591644287,
0.8092324137687683,
0.636096179485321,
0.05537676811218262,
-0.12282165884971619,
-0.36042022705078125,
0.7591809034347534,
0.3003652095794678,
0.9692330360412598,
1.8328967094421387,
1.635704755783081,
0.09086495637893677,
0.046021997928619385,
0.09032618999481201,
-0.5044652819633484,
0.36289238929748535,
-0.9107899069786072,
0.9541597366333008,
0.5167779922485352,
-1.5727168321609497,
0.9379158616065979,
0.23126935958862305,
-0.14857187867164612,
1.1987831592559814,
-1.3235440254211426,
2.6215012073516846,
-0.40907374024391174,
0.861929714679718,
0.31384187936782837,
0.6038828492164612,
0.5079349875450134,
0.8372915983200073,
-0.7491098642349243,
-1.093711018562317,
0.6616649031639099,
-1.2027512788772583,
0.3467745780944824,
-0.20536929368972778,
0.7849366068840027,
1.3192033767700195,
-0.7452075481414795,
-0.41493847966194153,
-1.544001817703247,
-0.9378054141998291,
0.07150304317474365,
0.007190629839897156,
1.3599090576171875,
0.8807019591331482,
0.34414297342300415,
-0.2734144926071167,
-0.3654240369796753,
0.941650390625,
1.6993516683578491,
-1.0242536067962646,
-0.8743115663528442,
0.17270193994045258,
-1.1324101686477661,
0.8678221106529236,
0.32738518714904785,
-0.7070732712745667,
-1.684739112854004,
1.037022590637207,
1.2470054626464844,
0.4154071807861328,
0.8474183678627014,
0.1655116081237793,
2.127499580383301,
0.9667376279830933,
0.643928587436676,
-0.030422240495681763,
-1.2060644626617432,
-2.1387362480163574,
-0.568303644657135,
0.055142592638731,
-0.28595688939094543,
0.01671123504638672,
-0.42893198132514954,
0.27373814582824707,
-0.22219771146774292,
-0.6622483134269714,
-0.08374075591564178,
0.23844264447689056,
-0.3145001530647278,
0.6184408068656921,
-0.24684661626815796,
1.3723266124725342,
0.8554233312606812,
0.8176453113555908,
-0.7013324499130249,
-0.23181134462356567,
0.4105471968650818,
0.03903772681951523,
0.37799739837646484,
-0.4039728045463562,
0.7334786653518677,
-1.0516360998153687,
1.1574256420135498,
-0.31880199909210205,
-0.1908779740333557,
0.8706417083740234,
-0.21020890772342682,
0.5562295913696289,
-0.18922443687915802,
-1.1262633800506592,
1.8354898691177368,
1.0156689882278442,
-0.08313079178333282,
0.5132473111152649,
-0.4036579728126526,
0.8231991529464722,
-1.1535959243774414,
-0.8808441758155823,
0.6256392002105713,
0.29620781540870667,
0.6803761720657349,
0.6249186992645264,
-1.1883680820465088,
-0.4949721097946167,
-0.5828492641448975,
0.028790272772312164,
-0.48373204469680786,
0.6185538172721863,
0.5998552441596985,
-0.8816599249839783,
1.1078258752822876,
-0.03271278738975525,
-0.3586612939834595,
-0.4638320803642273,
0.8792442083358765,
0.451404333114624,
-2.923358917236328,
1.7287408113479614,
0.32015925645828247,
-2.1225223541259766,
-0.29780495166778564,
-1.356384515762329,
0.10645905137062073,
0.4753614068031311,
1.0653749704360962,
-1.521285057067871,
-1.4528661966323853,
-0.9623748660087585,
-0.25303399562835693,
-0.3614805340766907,
-0.9081196784973145,
-0.8588933944702148,
-0.8650069236755371,
-0.21551522612571716,
-2.013451099395752,
0.4973846673965454,
0.16878312826156616,
0.816138744354248,
0.16576959192752838,
0.5472204089164734,
-0.11313796043395996,
0.4123864471912384,
0.6446329951286316,
-0.8596903085708618,
-0.6331214904785156,
-0.4019765257835388,
0.059477463364601135,
-0.4876844584941864,
-0.840679943561554,
-0.6218664050102234,
-0.5464997291564941,
0.016150787472724915,
-1.0011699199676514,
-1.3412129878997803,
0.9688419699668884,
-1.0770134925842285,
-0.8190760016441345,
0.9952870607376099,
0.3200989067554474,
-1.1757491827011108,
-0.7222080230712891,
0.31222885847091675,
0.5608901381492615,
-0.3102419972419739,
-0.334679514169693,
0.571142315864563,
-1.2009212970733643,
-0.5396596789360046,
0.8261125087738037,
-0.3442233204841614,
-1.0806667804718018,
0.4725947976112366,
-1.2847716808319092,
1.7905466556549072,
0.9329884052276611,
0.11615985631942749,
-0.7861355543136597,
-1.007184624671936,
1.1377389430999756,
0.9833868741989136,
0.33753684163093567,
-0.42613857984542847,
-0.618115246295929,
-1.3150429725646973,
-0.5135080814361572,
-0.17620128393173218,
0.7451401948928833,
0.03809547424316406,
-1.1373603343963623,
0.546552300453186,
-0.6447238326072693,
-1.233793020248413,
-0.08690932393074036,
-0.44319581985473633,
-0.24881918728351593,
0.1858753263950348,
-0.15226691961288452,
-0.019142448902130127,
-0.05970612168312073,
2.0129706859588623,
-1.0133681297302246,
0.8470445275306702,
0.7562946081161499,
-0.5306574702262878,
-0.5772799253463745,
-0.6510222554206848,
-0.0032607316970825195,
-1.1133110523223877,
2.197929859161377,
-0.6951146125793457,
-0.3955780863761902,
-0.16350609064102173,
-0.9440147876739502,
0.9836592674255371,
0.5688169002532959,
0.3980170488357544,
1.1191692352294922,
-0.4717763662338257,
-0.8891866207122803,
-0.8748058080673218,
1.0271704196929932,
1.3761038780212402,
-1.1067008972167969,
0.606877863407135,
-0.7465171813964844,
-0.006151914596557617,
1.3124065399169922,
0.7919068932533264,
-0.00993722677230835,
-0.45843958854675293,
-0.7534032464027405,
-0.5291378498077393,
0.26739758253097534,
0.695720374584198,
0.3293677270412445,
-0.9192019701004028,
-0.8268474340438843,
0.1044669821858406,
-0.02048659324645996,
-0.8668271899223328,
0.11296048015356064,
-0.769021213054657,
0.5776194334030151,
0.41206929087638855,
1.1851377487182617,
-0.8645298480987549,
-0.971808671951294,
1.3946418762207031,
-0.8657537698745728,
0.9729875326156616,
0.6587364077568054,
-0.47142326831817627,
0.7165846824645996,
-0.6174050569534302,
-0.811235249042511,
-1.053396463394165,
-0.790509045124054,
-0.3527880311012268,
-0.4801747798919678,
0.29687511920928955,
0.2691829800605774,
-0.5500422716140747,
-0.022185862064361572,
0.06104292720556259,
-0.0941348448395729,
0.05269622802734375,
0.5065251588821411,
1.4884319305419922,
0.7639601230621338,
0.6938030123710632,
0.24828891456127167,
0.12115244567394257,
0.002944737672805786,
2.3132243156433105,
-0.2874267101287842,
-0.569558322429657,
-0.41554325819015503,
0.27265816926956177,
-0.07231728732585907,
0.2520853877067566,
0.35551077127456665,
-0.12691164016723633,
-0.37512385845184326,
-0.07845927774906158,
-0.6323316097259521,
-0.20573709905147552,
0.3070037364959717,
0.7366190552711487,
-0.8653848171234131,
-0.0953974723815918,
0.4889586567878723,
-0.183953657746315
] |
have binaural beats been scientifically tested and, if so, what were the results? | binaural beats operate based upon two different frequencies in each ear, giving a *net* frequency that our brain apparently interprets. there are several websites on this and i was curious as to whether anyone can confirm that these are valid scientifically. | [searched](_url_0_) relevant [discussion](_url_3_) original question by [odysseusx](_url_4_) top comment courtesy [brain_doc82](_url_2_) relevant follow-up courtesy [oscarasimov](_url_1_) > hope this helps a little! | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=binaural&restrict_sr=on",
"http://www.reddit.com/user/oscarasimov",
"http://www.reddit.com/user/Brain_Doc82",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mda89/what_is_the_science_behind_binaural_beats/",
"http://www.reddit.com/user/OdysseusX"
] | [
-0.06263944506645203,
0.6340236067771912,
0.3015247881412506,
-0.07420450448989868,
0.4567030072212219,
-0.33229994773864746,
0.8828105926513672,
-0.4372628927230835,
-0.31142720580101013,
-0.15107280015945435,
0.5425025224685669,
-0.6523970365524292,
0.22620061039924622,
0.7580291032791138,
0.19848564267158508,
0.2307673692703247,
-0.0022007436491549015,
-0.5573857426643372,
-0.5179753303527832,
-0.12543924152851105,
0.6528812646865845,
-0.11369255185127258,
0.5425904393196106,
-0.2689029574394226,
-1.0380215644836426,
-0.3058850169181824,
-0.8333159685134888,
0.40204164385795593,
-0.016081571578979492,
0.23224526643753052,
0.7743657231330872,
0.35394972562789917,
-1.0273375511169434,
-0.4516107439994812,
-0.021429285407066345,
0.2699698209762573,
-0.08217000216245651,
-0.31126317381858826,
0.0991608127951622,
0.30494171380996704,
-0.038734808564186096,
-0.28385332226753235,
0.09527690708637238,
0.4714093506336212,
-0.2583707273006439,
-0.25780928134918213,
0.1806015968322754,
0.37585437297821045,
-0.1993297040462494,
-0.22674494981765747,
-0.31321942806243896,
-0.2969047725200653,
-1.137357234954834,
-0.19787809252738953,
0.185214102268219,
-0.1340726912021637,
-0.441879540681839,
-0.02621510624885559,
-0.26437312364578247,
-0.48454490303993225,
0.22481414675712585,
0.5995194911956787,
0.17161808907985687,
0.7718169689178467,
-0.235695019364357,
0.06538309156894684,
-0.44546055793762207,
-0.17272008955478668,
0.35549336671829224,
0.2902878522872925,
0.31714117527008057,
0.2345898300409317,
-0.27288851141929626,
-0.0653032511472702,
0.4270515739917755,
0.062344759702682495,
-0.5837041139602661,
0.30998340249061584,
-0.8406082391738892,
-1.0704431533813477,
0.046060942113399506,
-0.04137881100177765,
-0.0664958655834198,
0.11771360784769058,
-0.3256768584251404,
-0.16925683617591858,
0.218413308262825,
-0.13777606189250946,
0.22276462614536285,
-0.23636183142662048,
0.5410698056221008,
-0.125380277633667,
0.43167105317115784,
-0.07827790826559067,
0.3974855840206146,
0.3617880642414093,
0.014290407299995422,
-0.3742341697216034,
-0.15535244345664978,
-0.19887253642082214,
-0.3819102644920349,
-0.06779350340366364,
0.2433600127696991,
-0.2092721164226532,
0.1196652427315712,
0.5288741588592529,
-0.14043812453746796,
0.07570066303014755,
0.3214814364910126,
0.35770776867866516,
-0.7041547298431396,
-0.5489112138748169,
0.46750539541244507,
0.2815195620059967,
0.40984249114990234,
0.3111270070075989,
0.11099256575107574,
-0.663198709487915,
-0.330594539642334,
-0.21288463473320007,
0.5438697338104248,
-0.18162713944911957,
0.6953136324882507,
0.0646888017654419,
0.5577889680862427,
-0.11754156649112701,
0.17334340512752533,
0.483384907245636,
0.595378577709198,
-0.11633811891078949,
-0.029932089149951935,
0.15048035979270935,
0.44736719131469727,
0.720221221446991,
-0.09814085811376572,
-0.019009144976735115,
-0.6722906231880188,
-0.42122888565063477,
-0.14197693765163422,
-0.14904098212718964,
-0.3158426284790039,
0.022967256605625153,
0.1531853973865509,
0.17925779521465302,
-0.17965012788772583,
0.365207314491272,
-0.32770848274230957,
-0.11497882753610611,
0.024895071983337402,
0.05276867747306824,
-0.2714201509952545,
-0.10892916470766068,
0.591861367225647,
0.9591901898384094,
0.028387755155563354,
0.05608724057674408,
0.5253927707672119,
0.20216292142868042,
0.5930383801460266,
-0.4302210211753845,
0.203913152217865,
0.08253791183233261,
-0.6383786201477051,
0.5071998834609985,
-0.20737645030021667,
-0.2497451901435852,
-0.5622487664222717,
-0.19052043557167053,
-0.4861301779747009,
-0.07824142277240753,
0.29567018151283264,
-0.40198537707328796,
-0.4743567705154419,
0.3743745684623718,
-0.11430467665195465,
-0.27327507734298706,
0.06761977821588516,
-0.1814998835325241,
-0.3332398533821106,
0.5135594606399536,
0.24108895659446716,
-0.3491777181625366,
-0.6064764857292175,
0.14213913679122925,
-1.1063634157180786,
0.4864395558834076,
-0.43047869205474854,
0.15610100328922272,
1.0747723579406738,
-0.6196190714836121,
-0.051496803760528564,
-0.1579797863960266,
0.33134204149246216,
-0.08959551155567169,
0.6459829211235046,
-0.00951884314417839,
0.9994392395019531,
-0.4047701954841614,
-0.35570669174194336,
0.17251500487327576,
-0.5148341655731201,
-0.26276376843452454,
-0.29409369826316833,
-0.3593130111694336,
-0.20174500346183777,
0.084656722843647,
0.7408808469772339,
-0.3292841911315918,
-0.2409568428993225,
-0.14069169759750366,
-0.21568815410137177,
0.09939073026180267,
-0.008414622396230698,
-0.5346705913543701,
0.19276666641235352,
0.36057090759277344,
-0.19389906525611877,
0.2782493531703949,
-0.23819546401500702,
0.2732335329055786,
-0.47559863328933716,
-0.3777461647987366,
-0.4740201234817505,
-0.8196694254875183,
-0.4109003245830536,
0.13821645081043243,
-0.035012491047382355,
0.13462942838668823,
-0.49562501907348633,
0.48530519008636475,
0.04686412587761879,
-0.340902715921402,
1.4267065525054932,
0.5881180167198181,
0.0937727838754654,
0.6941920518875122,
0.6498308181762695,
-0.3823743760585785,
0.30331358313560486,
-0.13565737009048462,
-0.6200910806655884,
-0.23500901460647583,
-0.29752516746520996,
0.30604034662246704,
0.09136912226676941,
0.09920584410429001,
-0.8651778697967529,
-0.4110613763332367,
-0.3918747305870056,
0.5382920503616333,
0.3152656853199005,
-0.3017534911632538,
0.04207821935415268,
0.02665890008211136,
0.4835744798183441,
0.4955317974090576,
-0.6082144975662231,
-0.0992373675107956,
0.48855286836624146,
0.1489945352077484,
-0.0644850879907608,
0.0031290948390960693,
0.423900842666626,
0.7682007551193237,
0.5362519025802612,
0.04856245219707489,
0.11124947667121887,
-0.0987318754196167,
-0.3861212134361267,
0.03991694375872612,
-0.3620631992816925,
-0.625147819519043,
0.13969942927360535,
0.29179954528808594,
0.30856606364250183,
0.31672757863998413,
0.43809884786605835,
-0.8443642854690552,
0.44724041223526,
0.5689530372619629,
-0.1631527692079544,
-0.09907672554254532,
0.296011745929718,
-0.5164915323257446,
-0.48721587657928467,
-0.11224789917469025,
-0.17607194185256958,
-0.1250932216644287,
-0.67317795753479,
-0.5377885103225708,
-0.4077763557434082,
0.07669717818498611,
0.29395800828933716,
-0.6878037452697754,
0.15881438553333282,
-0.4386345446109772,
-0.17934009432792664,
-0.5285977721214294,
0.5324627161026001,
0.17172177135944366,
0.4252607822418213,
0.059959545731544495,
0.03906106576323509,
-0.029162421822547913,
-0.046322450041770935,
0.8592054843902588,
0.043060168623924255,
-0.09180989116430283,
0.398876816034317,
-0.6476601362228394,
0.3235042691230774,
0.38471055030822754,
-0.1966855674982071,
0.34459084272384644,
-0.4049268960952759,
0.37759214639663696,
-0.7916203141212463,
0.5552265048027039,
0.21548579633235931,
0.32055550813674927,
0.45301032066345215,
0.06605762988328934,
-0.18138889968395233,
0.6901872158050537,
0.6555157899856567,
-0.09825475513935089,
-0.5492721796035767,
0.6850947141647339,
-0.30903196334838867,
-0.01728043705224991,
0.15480107069015503,
0.40512436628341675,
0.009574219584465027,
-0.35255539417266846,
-0.5647389888763428,
-0.15639051795005798,
-0.5114420652389526,
0.1969289630651474,
0.02735990658402443,
-0.6661778688430786,
0.23809140920639038,
-0.1558685302734375,
-0.24582712352275848,
0.022256478667259216,
-0.39857858419418335,
-0.03116977959871292,
-0.04578690230846405,
0.17217129468917847,
-0.47977352142333984,
0.35260695219039917,
0.8096506595611572,
0.3131563365459442,
-0.8396103382110596,
-0.1423712968826294,
0.44065719842910767,
0.049979083240032196,
0.19593511521816254,
-0.08484093099832535,
0.03806460648775101,
0.21798226237297058,
1.18656325340271,
-0.44710972905158997,
0.2455926388502121,
0.3856636881828308,
0.07211600989103317,
0.18414822220802307,
0.31307077407836914,
0.03249235451221466,
0.32203230261802673,
-0.5692039728164673,
-1.0666691064834595,
-0.09054598957300186,
0.05822170525789261,
-0.20858222246170044,
-0.036823853850364685,
-0.7330352067947388,
0.20806598663330078,
0.2194717973470688,
0.39594656229019165,
0.24749985337257385,
0.7964619398117065,
0.2571108043193817,
0.20868021249771118,
0.3167422115802765
] |
is there a way to estimate the probability of the hybrid battery dying on a prius? | i am thinking of purchasing a used 2004-06 prius (gen ii) with ~125,000 miles. if i intend to own this vehicle until i hit 200,000 miles, what is the probability that the hybrid battery system fails? there should be enough data available with all the cars on the road this many years, but i can't find any reliable information. for a bonus, assuming the hybrid battery does die, how badly will this affect the overall economy of the vehicle (mpg, $$, cost of ownership, etc)? fyi, i can't decide whether i should get a prius or a volkswagon jetta tdi diesel to save as much money as possible for a job that will require long distance traveling on a regular basis. | prius batteries have a warranty for x amount of years. that will have run out. how the owner drives the car greatly affects its quality,like with tyres. you would need to test the battery. check if the vehicle has been serviced at an official toyota dealership because they should check the status of the hybrid battery. replacing it on that vehicle is expensive though. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.1461362838745117,
0.9510972499847412,
0.238838329911232,
-0.2872128486633301,
0.5348799228668213,
-0.07293133437633514,
0.5102571249008179,
1.1907665729522705,
-0.3516920208930969,
-0.5945529937744141,
0.15493673086166382,
1.291473388671875,
0.14894279837608337,
0.2935599386692047,
-0.6281908750534058,
-0.25123101472854614,
0.07020887732505798,
-0.8880377411842346,
0.2541772723197937,
0.3380042016506195,
-0.15149140357971191,
-0.21887920796871185,
-0.1955266296863556,
-0.07839672267436981,
-0.2455863058567047,
0.37796416878700256,
0.6735439300537109,
0.28916236758232117,
-0.1618318259716034,
-0.30490511655807495,
-0.37953585386276245,
1.070276141166687,
0.24115920066833496,
-0.31347376108169556,
0.47907137870788574,
-0.7927031517028809,
-0.18109996616840363,
-1.3044309616088867,
-0.08504221588373184,
-0.687920331954956,
-0.4253111481666565,
-1.1009539365768433,
0.29736897349357605,
0.6873414516448975,
-0.23963230848312378,
1.1759014129638672,
1.065544843673706,
-0.4834027588367462,
0.8593337535858154,
0.2495037466287613,
0.877631664276123,
0.40271973609924316,
1.2636797428131104,
-1.0145244598388672,
-0.6807389855384827,
-0.7516325116157532,
1.316711187362671,
-0.02173357456922531,
-0.04362724721431732,
-0.15921247005462646,
0.009823616594076157,
-0.42497363686561584,
-0.5143187046051025,
-0.06681462377309799,
-0.5150072574615479,
-0.5277105569839478,
-0.11020762473344803,
-0.30430757999420166,
-0.005846088752150536,
0.17953500151634216,
0.2077757567167282,
-0.4368298053741455,
-0.2957272529602051,
-0.5949963927268982,
-0.14502495527267456,
0.5999289751052856,
0.8943779468536377,
-0.24437010288238525,
0.41223397850990295,
-0.18900039792060852,
-0.3528888523578644,
-0.2835620641708374,
-0.22235815227031708,
-1.0751502513885498,
0.39825767278671265,
-0.10779544711112976,
0.6962419152259827,
0.019400447607040405,
-0.5298846960067749,
0.31578004360198975,
0.655518114566803,
0.9155546426773071,
0.6298352479934692,
-0.3389427065849304,
-1.00123929977417,
1.022261142730713,
0.6607871651649475,
-0.471731960773468,
-0.015194594860076904,
0.18990477919578552,
1.5220657587051392,
1.1836820840835571,
-0.5460825562477112,
0.5226036310195923,
-0.46724092960357666,
0.25731348991394043,
-0.16640372574329376,
0.07392464578151703,
0.3151995539665222,
-1.2699496746063232,
0.7591143846511841,
0.22601154446601868,
0.33270716667175293,
0.5976971387863159,
-0.6598994731903076,
0.6586830019950867,
-0.6448851227760315,
0.09301027655601501,
-0.34566932916641235,
-0.9388828277587891,
-0.09945470094680786,
-0.8819520473480225,
1.035290241241455,
-0.27120089530944824,
-0.29159748554229736,
0.0751190185546875,
0.31031063199043274,
0.42151519656181335,
-0.8696871995925903,
-0.420432984828949,
0.39752089977264404,
-0.16485682129859924,
-0.6413185596466064,
0.10678412020206451,
-0.4057067036628723,
1.2233678102493286,
0.8222676515579224,
0.49949997663497925,
-0.13659965991973877,
0.8110980987548828,
0.14678442478179932,
-0.6042642593383789,
0.5889365673065186,
0.6771682500839233,
-0.8550518751144409,
-0.4480164647102356,
-0.2831871509552002,
-0.5765128135681152,
-0.41215741634368896,
-0.575322151184082,
1.5039806365966797,
-0.135147362947464,
1.1920281648635864,
0.08313068747520447,
0.6461334824562073,
-0.17875273525714874,
0.8505256175994873,
0.3781747817993164,
-0.39585578441619873,
0.8753260374069214,
-0.32993045449256897,
0.37664756178855896,
-0.3237704634666443,
1.0003727674484253,
-0.7086079716682434,
0.7623515129089355,
-0.8658828735351562,
-0.35311761498451233,
-0.00011204928159713745,
-0.4058854877948761,
0.40708503127098083,
0.5449158549308777,
0.05252045392990112,
-0.5938150882720947,
0.1007290780544281,
-0.4076029658317566,
0.021889016032218933,
1.2011473178863525,
-1.1972317695617676,
-0.7358207702636719,
-0.7915907502174377,
0.17975030839443207,
-0.06168082356452942,
0.5957480072975159,
-0.09953828155994415,
0.10402940213680267,
0.7332338094711304,
-0.8257622718811035,
-0.47687873244285583,
-0.10597571730613708,
-0.09930871427059174,
0.6519414186477661,
-0.23581872880458832,
0.6998428106307983,
-0.1265040785074234,
-1.0657110214233398,
-1.104244351387024,
0.4648456871509552,
0.7625070810317993,
-0.4396214485168457,
-0.5733702778816223,
0.6654626727104187,
-0.14073702692985535,
0.315083384513855,
0.20811399817466736,
0.6342121958732605,
-0.8065632581710815,
-0.54184889793396,
-0.7545827031135559,
-0.3632982671260834,
1.0910320281982422,
0.236049085855484,
0.6819485425949097,
-0.13689367473125458,
0.36494016647338867,
-0.20836395025253296,
-0.8176071047782898,
-0.26568394899368286,
-0.26336172223091125,
0.06761351227760315,
-0.7834568619728088,
0.019908573478460312,
1.5207712650299072,
-0.520858883857727,
0.18438078463077545,
-0.15713649988174438,
1.1569774150848389,
-0.09676547348499298,
0.11341304332017899,
0.15697261691093445,
-0.0632387101650238,
-0.24322468042373657,
-0.8975552916526794,
-0.10677099227905273,
-0.3961794376373291,
-0.9482220411300659,
-0.9467579126358032,
0.26885589957237244,
0.707665205001831,
0.08347955346107483,
0.3784579038619995,
-1.1342153549194336,
-0.5275988578796387,
0.8733536005020142,
0.12921899557113647,
1.3200405836105347,
0.45227089524269104,
1.1739799976348877,
-0.4384991228580475,
-0.6806891560554504,
-0.5578498840332031,
-0.42450788617134094,
-0.06443691998720169,
0.2678399682044983,
-0.5292947888374329,
-0.13350412249565125,
0.2819075286388397,
1.3544631004333496,
-0.28904658555984497,
-0.9960838556289673,
0.7950373291969299,
0.5978859663009644,
-0.40522024035453796,
-0.1269162893295288,
0.4089471995830536,
0.13462109863758087,
0.14049968123435974,
-0.382910817861557,
-0.06375909596681595,
-1.449784755706787,
-0.6783632636070251,
-1.5711160898208618,
-0.06106899678707123,
0.7468161582946777,
1.1732226610183716,
-0.9741053581237793,
-0.5805094242095947,
1.0135419368743896,
-0.6758757829666138,
-0.03720366582274437,
1.6760538816452026,
0.1547963172197342,
0.08278301358222961,
0.6571228504180908,
1.01552414894104,
0.37694263458251953,
-0.4579479694366455,
-1.4542357921600342,
-0.7906603813171387,
-1.0629384517669678,
1.1980044841766357,
0.14507396519184113,
0.6000895500183105,
-0.09284421801567078,
0.6752232313156128,
-0.18528103828430176,
-0.1868751049041748,
0.32018592953681946,
0.07208837568759918,
-0.5096602439880371,
0.6223208904266357,
-0.5641404390335083,
0.31006675958633423,
-0.33612316846847534,
0.9645102620124817,
-0.5476747751235962,
0.8340679407119751,
1.0150840282440186,
0.007488609291613102,
-0.5561487078666687,
-0.2362009882926941,
-0.8510151505470276,
0.9518868327140808,
0.011897236108779907,
-0.27816569805145264,
0.31712085008621216,
-1.075344204902649,
0.484117329120636,
-0.42145395278930664,
0.7402701377868652,
-0.29755640029907227,
-0.44316911697387695,
0.6002338528633118,
0.2842499017715454,
-0.9306143522262573,
-0.4218456447124481,
0.4067040681838989,
0.015515752136707306,
-0.9449754953384399,
-0.36569589376449585,
0.9697394371032715,
-0.5660459995269775,
0.03219491243362427,
0.05099755525588989,
-1.3539299964904785,
1.1086523532867432,
-0.10047633945941925,
1.1522266864776611,
-0.7590359449386597,
0.9204492568969727,
-0.8610421419143677,
0.1341351419687271,
0.17962683737277985,
-0.007370263338088989,
0.1698252558708191,
0.30799728631973267,
-0.3290328085422516,
-1.2399406433105469,
0.8437579870223999,
-1.5483500957489014,
-0.7616302371025085,
0.25340160727500916,
0.9271343946456909,
0.3780602216720581,
0.12851302325725555,
-0.7257351875305176,
0.27096831798553467,
0.237180694937706,
0.8780420422554016,
-0.46021613478660583,
-0.3236587643623352,
0.11000990867614746,
-1.424694538116455,
0.24494484066963196,
0.24731694161891937,
-0.6714417338371277,
-0.764883279800415,
-1.1319067478179932,
-1.116058588027954,
0.17680546641349792,
0.5107580423355103,
-0.16927073895931244,
0.02779518812894821,
0.647707462310791,
-0.6341394782066345,
-0.26625776290893555,
0.26407358050346375,
0.88161700963974,
-1.0471298694610596,
0.2798541486263275,
-0.2109701931476593,
-0.3188329339027405,
0.34066706895828247,
0.4135677218437195
] |
why do some quantities in physics calculations (electricity for example) take on complex values? | college student here. i stumbled upon equations in physics on my own that take complex valued quantities. my question is: how can something like electrical impedance or current take on a complex value? | it is a mathematical trick -- and a very good and useful one -- to use complex numbers in the situation you describe, ac circuit analysis. the physical current is real, no question about it. but if we embed that current in a complex expression, such that the real current is the real part of that complex expression, a great deal of analysis simplifies, and then, at the end, we can always take any complex expression and extract the real information. the association comes because e^(ia) has real part cos(a). derivatives of exponentials are still exponentials, which is a bit easier than dealing with trig functions. in addition, phases are easily encoded. if i want to shift cos(a) to cos(a+k), this corresponds in the complex language to multipying e^(ia) by e^(ik). since capacitors and inductors can produce phase shifts for ac signals, in the complex language, we can handle this by introducing complex impedance. | 14 | [] | [] | [] | [
-3.6764864921569824,
0.06685519218444824,
-0.5741519927978516,
-0.9116058945655823,
-1.7981703281402588,
-0.09194177389144897,
1.1661109924316406,
1.1759707927703857,
1.9084707498550415,
-0.056059204041957855,
0.6535030603408813,
-0.632154107093811,
-0.432706356048584,
1.1858316659927368,
0.34339529275894165,
-1.5069785118103027,
-1.0172789096832275,
1.0376458168029785,
-2.7450060844421387,
-0.49424511194229126,
1.6789058446884155,
0.605297327041626,
-1.7922974824905396,
0.2765674591064453,
-0.5353453755378723,
-0.3416610658168793,
2.305201530456543,
0.1547730267047882,
2.5210328102111816,
-2.1404786109924316,
1.6675947904586792,
2.5736584663391113,
2.1788694858551025,
0.38506484031677246,
-2.2979187965393066,
-0.6966004371643066,
-0.4336627423763275,
-0.41839903593063354,
1.086411714553833,
1.4141786098480225,
0.45454275608062744,
0.16440686583518982,
1.5439143180847168,
1.7420459985733032,
-0.045095548033714294,
2.09716796875,
-0.12011593580245972,
0.44550904631614685,
-0.42164766788482666,
0.07482481747865677,
1.3070287704467773,
1.2096173763275146,
-0.16659347712993622,
-0.47847801446914673,
-0.8878961205482483,
0.5175376534461975,
0.6301125288009644,
-1.4301412105560303,
-0.6313274502754211,
-1.1913657188415527,
2.106724739074707,
-0.25005313754081726,
-0.08617305755615234,
0.6128630638122559,
2.0560574531555176,
0.8241220116615295,
0.7514187693595886,
-0.8641457557678223,
0.274117648601532,
2.1593310832977295,
-0.8118404150009155,
0.7950806021690369,
-2.141268253326416,
0.04862043261528015,
1.8180803060531616,
-0.48354098200798035,
-1.8766416311264038,
1.1302604675292969,
0.2764517068862915,
1.4355320930480957,
1.1124358177185059,
-2.2233147621154785,
-0.7768900990486145,
-1.6082490682601929,
0.5917729735374451,
1.4950984716415405,
1.1069915294647217,
-1.1890153884887695,
-0.8758186101913452,
-0.16596484184265137,
-0.5403695106506348,
-2.4229917526245117,
-1.5221072435379028,
-0.7952451705932617,
0.6729901432991028,
0.8132160902023315,
0.47741222381591797,
-0.44971221685409546,
1.2042831182479858,
0.9522839188575745,
-1.5408246517181396,
2.195375919342041,
-4.085398197174072,
-0.32165729999542236,
-0.9239680767059326,
-2.1454179286956787,
0.8273789882659912,
1.0119624137878418,
1.073050618171692,
-0.4154210090637207,
0.037605106830596924,
-2.2688424587249756,
0.8400748372077942,
-0.8551395535469055,
1.1622202396392822,
-1.3797518014907837,
0.46090367436408997,
0.3812565207481384,
1.9367731809616089,
-1.3888925313949585,
-2.13070011138916,
-0.7230421900749207,
-0.6540572643280029,
1.3070740699768066,
0.7715960741043091,
0.15916426479816437,
0.8490285277366638,
-0.0759299099445343,
-1.3746925592422485,
1.7196851968765259,
1.3199350833892822,
1.1198604106903076,
-0.6179461479187012,
0.41518083214759827,
-0.8978148102760315,
-0.7217210531234741,
1.939795970916748,
0.3050295412540436,
-2.4994213581085205,
4.382063388824463,
-0.20199429988861084,
2.0091214179992676,
-0.4788486659526825,
-0.593528151512146,
0.023657001554965973,
0.20978111028671265,
-0.031780607998371124,
-1.3974403142929077,
1.1858927011489868,
-0.7564787864685059,
0.3801637291908264,
-0.1377630978822708,
-0.10705631971359253,
-0.8901156187057495,
0.44486817717552185,
-0.7816286087036133,
-0.16643039882183075,
-0.2809513807296753,
-1.2666668891906738,
1.1813207864761353,
-1.7272698879241943,
2.106576442718506,
1.9474081993103027,
1.2991141080856323,
0.8872189521789551,
0.5670824646949768,
0.46937742829322815,
-0.34545403718948364,
0.3299029767513275,
0.49441879987716675,
-1.058756709098816,
-0.8591861128807068,
0.9316841959953308,
-0.42673978209495544,
0.44028639793395996,
0.04156425595283508,
-1.3790088891983032,
-0.725764274597168,
-0.21673211455345154,
0.9692639112472534,
-0.7769415378570557,
-1.3530060052871704,
1.8804394006729126,
0.025389865040779114,
0.21061751246452332,
1.1010141372680664,
1.3848764896392822,
1.4885973930358887,
-1.7947919368743896,
1.9133262634277344,
-0.714599609375,
1.2628588676452637,
-2.3347747325897217,
1.501456379890442,
-0.1170780137181282,
-2.904667377471924,
1.0258111953735352,
0.9975976943969727,
-0.31283068656921387,
-0.12729763984680176,
-1.3231868743896484,
-0.3042379915714264,
-0.47192177176475525,
-0.4257071018218994,
-0.6401400566101074,
-0.25844281911849976,
0.18292753398418427,
-0.0659773051738739,
-3.2414169311523438,
0.28004708886146545,
-1.0196382999420166,
-1.4437084197998047,
-0.5709313154220581,
-0.7476145625114441,
-0.48756512999534607,
-0.30703210830688477,
-0.6472444534301758,
-1.347117304801941,
-1.6846542358398438,
1.4336549043655396,
0.7798163890838623,
1.4379935264587402,
2.3529651165008545,
-1.3138978481292725,
-1.4015556573867798,
-0.41919609904289246,
-0.670386552810669,
0.6244857311248779,
-1.1977746486663818,
-0.07470262050628662,
1.8424123525619507,
-1.108221173286438,
2.2570478916168213,
-0.006050869822502136,
1.5013340711593628,
-0.4658215343952179,
-2.445399045944214,
1.2361268997192383,
0.35416311025619507,
-2.8848183155059814,
-0.6726840138435364,
-1.7770689725875854,
-0.1569298654794693,
-0.10629808902740479,
0.35149604082107544,
1.8137069940567017,
-0.5785423517227173,
-0.48424971103668213,
0.6670858860015869,
2.5791261196136475,
-2.3754217624664307,
0.4814662039279938,
0.6600644588470459,
1.081594705581665,
-2.1879563331604004,
-0.6234068870544434,
0.4580341577529907,
1.0552400350570679,
-1.7232666015625,
-0.8944777846336365,
3.3282017707824707,
2.0885329246520996,
-0.7633527517318726,
-1.4587451219558716,
1.8807201385498047,
2.406869411468506,
-0.37209129333496094,
0.3294449746608734,
0.9949828386306763,
0.4244295358657837,
-0.7923059463500977,
-0.656831681728363,
-0.6625882387161255,
0.3659448027610779,
2.252314567565918,
-0.9574834108352661,
0.2707136571407318,
-1.8718698024749756,
-2.7955410480499268,
0.9300574064254761,
-1.003021478652954,
-1.3237011432647705,
0.9704774618148804,
1.0268306732177734,
-0.169198140501976,
-1.7181295156478882,
0.9392210245132446,
0.6757633686065674,
-0.9827764630317688,
-1.3122923374176025,
-0.32923293113708496,
-0.39911410212516785,
0.5554875135421753,
-0.23633801937103271,
1.836469054222107,
2.336394786834717,
-0.09583598375320435,
-1.9564824104309082,
-0.6823739409446716,
-1.7694960832595825,
0.12508684396743774,
-0.4368366003036499,
-0.6011383533477783,
-1.092827558517456,
-0.57330721616745,
-0.505753755569458,
0.921439528465271,
-0.08085346221923828,
-0.12292368710041046,
-0.06470970809459686,
-0.21366316080093384,
0.14587216079235077,
1.1854324340820312,
0.055945985019207,
-1.8729125261306763,
2.1628377437591553,
-0.744177520275116,
1.3256429433822632,
-0.37581557035446167,
0.4973335266113281,
-1.0385838747024536,
-2.174023151397705,
-0.9479162096977234,
-1.1846247911453247,
0.7910280227661133,
0.35543063282966614,
-2.108621597290039,
-1.4859333038330078,
-0.44378334283828735,
0.1468798816204071,
1.3988269567489624,
0.8739384412765503,
-1.0425505638122559,
0.0038586854934692383,
3.106861114501953,
1.8705931901931763,
-0.7534635066986084,
-0.0309765487909317,
-1.2732529640197754,
0.8327950835227966,
0.05058729648590088,
1.3118058443069458,
0.005242466926574707,
0.2481549084186554,
1.2151854038238525,
-0.16711978614330292,
0.20707003772258759,
2.331420421600342,
-2.409135103225708,
-0.05119740962982178,
-1.0874955654144287,
1.9132606983184814,
1.0184029340744019,
1.0880471467971802,
1.6852821111679077,
-0.7040820121765137,
0.527077853679657,
0.3682391941547394,
0.08767961710691452,
0.10348828136920929,
-2.925868034362793,
-0.47994494438171387,
-2.680515766143799,
1.8932359218597412,
-0.6904245615005493,
0.2458082139492035,
0.21313543617725372,
-1.1577645540237427,
-0.25437450408935547,
1.5365703105926514,
-0.4323224127292633,
1.6092464923858643,
0.6792854070663452,
-0.3212387263774872,
0.9960771799087524,
-1.0932486057281494,
-1.6043999195098877,
-0.8269133567810059,
-2.191521167755127,
0.300464928150177,
0.4720854163169861,
1.1856050491333008,
2.784633159637451,
0.09742945432662964
] |
is icing an injury simply a way to alleviate the discomfort of pain, or does it actually contribute to recovery? | this is one of those controversial topics i couldn’t believe was even a controversy to begin with. apparently, [there are studies](_url_0_) showing that icing does not actually improve the recovery process and questions it’s effectiveness. what gives? for years, i was always told to ice a sprained ankle and tendinitis, yet when i decided to look into *why* we ice injuries to begin with, it sounds like it’s simply to make us more comfortable during the injury. what’s more interesting, is apparently [it delays](_url_1_) the process entirely? is there anybody qualified to speak on this subject? | i hope i'm remembering all this correctly.... icing alone isn't meant to be complete treatment for an injury. however the rice (rest, ice, compression, elevation) treatment method has been proven to work for muscle injuries. when tissues are injured, the body responds with inflammation (increased blood flow) in order to assist with clotting if capillaries/veins are broken, decreases mobilization of the muscle or joint and helps to remove damaged cells from the area. the thing about inflammation is that it increases the temperature (blood is hot) in the area and also puts additional pressure on surrounding cells, which causes additional pain. icing an injury decreases the inflammation by contracting blood vessels which slows down the blood flow and also numbs the pain receptors in the area. so yes it's primarily meant to help with pain but for full recovery should be used with compression (wrapping with a bandage) rest (immobilization of the muscle) and elevation (keeping above the heart). however if you have in injury like a sprained ankle you should use the meat treatment method (movement, exercise, analgesics, treatment). | 9 | [] | [
"https://emj.bmj.com/content/25/2/65",
"http://marcpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Icing-Whitepaper.pdf"
] | [] | [
-2.9005227088928223,
-0.2964562475681305,
2.5706472396850586,
1.0731427669525146,
-0.18257838487625122,
0.3041195571422577,
1.5502338409423828,
1.473588228225708,
-0.9413343071937561,
0.21534603834152222,
0.6391261219978333,
1.4209389686584473,
-0.374321848154068,
1.8303306102752686,
-1.2524895668029785,
-0.8268416523933411,
0.8891791701316833,
2.5894558429718018,
-3.042966365814209,
-0.1978789120912552,
-1.053116798400879,
1.439606785774231,
1.4642853736877441,
-1.747739553451538,
0.07856118679046631,
-0.49113789200782776,
0.9037756323814392,
0.7001361846923828,
-0.25410860776901245,
-0.9127914905548096,
-0.1824256181716919,
-0.9406274557113647,
-0.2903526723384857,
-1.4582537412643433,
1.0840965509414673,
1.8454774618148804,
-1.6344467401504517,
0.18037103116512299,
-2.7902815341949463,
-0.7853668332099915,
-0.03543686866760254,
-0.44672590494155884,
0.47818294167518616,
0.8069952130317688,
3.464995861053467,
3.169768810272217,
0.4207310676574707,
-2.432325839996338,
1.883500099182129,
2.4810445308685303,
0.8010182976722717,
0.10044041275978088,
0.04617583751678467,
2.248396873474121,
-0.598329484462738,
1.5936193466186523,
-1.8609707355499268,
0.8737978935241699,
-2.4418578147888184,
1.472030520439148,
-0.6727827787399292,
1.142002820968628,
-0.6916686296463013,
2.3037891387939453,
1.831884741783142,
-2.5064916610717773,
1.5524957180023193,
-1.0403358936309814,
0.6709474325180054,
2.0670220851898193,
1.4128888845443726,
-0.28900665044784546,
1.4639652967453003,
-1.1487253904342651,
1.1724828481674194,
1.7846282720565796,
0.11582101881504059,
-1.3014001846313477,
1.7225496768951416,
0.830207347869873,
1.0265532732009888,
0.46747398376464844,
1.1111880540847778,
0.9275467395782471,
-0.4296987056732178,
0.8684549927711487,
0.14857149124145508,
-0.35447627305984497,
-0.708946704864502,
1.2803066968917847,
0.2570464015007019,
1.645265817642212,
-0.07872354984283447,
-1.6240816116333008,
2.286393642425537,
0.6020562648773193,
-2.6692628860473633,
0.9802032709121704,
-4.036279201507568,
-1.0606727600097656,
-1.4230843782424927,
-0.9818258285522461,
-2.7570395469665527,
0.659260630607605,
0.15894418954849243,
-0.5778040885925293,
-0.5945459604263306,
-0.2163189947605133,
-1.9232161045074463,
1.4576342105865479,
1.387993574142456,
1.3834238052368164,
1.1671726703643799,
0.9554202556610107,
-0.3214885890483856,
2.306117296218872,
2.1496360301971436,
0.5117345452308655,
-1.338888168334961,
0.6722002625465393,
-1.176632046699524,
-5.01816987991333,
-2.1365647315979004,
-0.47359341382980347,
-0.6797457337379456,
0.1941131353378296,
-1.3820260763168335,
1.2789415121078491,
2.1097443103790283,
-1.565782070159912,
0.43474212288856506,
0.13948938250541687,
0.9662144184112549,
-2.224167823791504,
-2.259582996368408,
-1.1971436738967896,
-0.6405038237571716,
-2.2120566368103027,
-2.7820239067077637,
0.5208423137664795,
0.8150452971458435,
0.04937499761581421,
-1.0564438104629517,
-1.356828212738037,
0.2527270019054413,
2.0014538764953613,
-0.542718768119812,
-2.592043399810791,
-0.7404080629348755,
-0.38412439823150635,
-2.1682915687561035,
-0.820694088935852,
1.2362985610961914,
2.4677700996398926,
-0.39378082752227783,
-2.1737565994262695,
-1.1576480865478516,
-0.8613705039024353,
-1.8898601531982422,
0.5310226678848267,
-2.4229233264923096,
0.4649147391319275,
-2.801549196243286,
1.1543315649032593,
0.6336765289306641,
0.22271358966827393,
-0.8337380886077881,
-1.5172090530395508,
0.8882080316543579,
0.5312806367874146,
-2.09720778465271,
-0.5772351026535034,
1.3914985656738281,
-0.8223102688789368,
-1.2843494415283203,
1.5081324577331543,
-1.2833181619644165,
-0.7682055234909058,
1.2881436347961426,
1.3459341526031494,
3.1102328300476074,
-1.9535329341888428,
0.3955421447753906,
0.952338695526123,
-0.988176167011261,
-1.6573725938796997,
-0.06361686438322067,
1.638332724571228,
1.0406219959259033,
-0.5434108376502991,
-0.3577115535736084,
2.163745880126953,
-0.5564265847206116,
1.5484694242477417,
-1.1012390851974487,
-0.7642618417739868,
-3.2614715099334717,
-0.520653486251831,
-1.6126984357833862,
0.9403917789459229,
1.9516055583953857,
1.234263300895691,
-2.3290390968322754,
-0.44300132989883423,
1.2528448104858398,
-0.3362618088722229,
-2.6429102420806885,
-3.4031333923339844,
0.5352431535720825,
-1.4738287925720215,
0.31518566608428955,
2.528068780899048,
1.5676636695861816,
-0.3286876976490021,
-0.5877857804298401,
-0.032265156507492065,
-0.29893097281455994,
0.3849615156650543,
0.25314801931381226,
-0.7675068378448486,
-1.4751938581466675,
-0.9154165983200073,
0.468589186668396,
-2.915940999984741,
1.1226398944854736,
-1.2562544345855713,
0.3035736680030823,
0.5742395520210266,
-0.632811963558197,
1.8506544828414917,
0.5783780217170715,
-0.27582991123199463,
1.0953131914138794,
1.7547520399093628,
-0.4260837435722351,
-2.5859267711639404,
-3.296041488647461,
0.5647031664848328,
-0.2981448769569397,
-0.3586325943470001,
-3.838674545288086,
0.5164223909378052,
-2.190450429916382,
1.745511770248413,
-1.0721251964569092,
2.6471657752990723,
2.491279125213623,
1.2674014568328857,
1.662363052368164,
1.7311030626296997,
-1.6588785648345947,
0.7186732888221741,
-0.9892356395721436,
0.5533484816551208,
-1.3234065771102905,
-0.12428642809391022,
-2.2855234146118164,
-1.887438178062439,
-0.15702323615550995,
1.487038493156433,
0.9507304430007935,
0.48776090145111084,
-2.0414628982543945,
-0.8417827486991882,
1.3678712844848633,
-0.5441988110542297,
0.96021968126297,
3.4902331829071045,
0.008609071373939514,
0.03298896551132202,
1.2051172256469727,
-2.8082516193389893,
-1.3839685916900635,
0.5909175872802734,
-0.17084050178527832,
-1.8153494596481323,
0.15564723312854767,
1.5489921569824219,
0.672993004322052,
0.7978403568267822,
1.799431324005127,
-3.688905715942383,
-3.800041437149048,
-1.0406949520111084,
-0.8516795039176941,
0.14544862508773804,
0.33833009004592896,
-2.012117624282837,
1.9891043901443481,
1.3482954502105713,
-0.049199044704437256,
0.6508767008781433,
0.058047086000442505,
0.7498708963394165,
0.21368691325187683,
1.2442493438720703,
0.7377820611000061,
1.425940752029419,
0.988326907157898,
0.18760250508785248,
0.01824212074279785,
-0.866561770439148,
-1.6639188528060913,
0.29196280241012573,
-1.9053173065185547,
-1.9459331035614014,
-0.3977450728416443,
1.6657874584197998,
0.17690736055374146,
0.4096306562423706,
0.8967328071594238,
2.286816358566284,
-0.5265457630157471,
1.7527616024017334,
-0.49332940578460693,
0.8545694947242737,
-1.8014506101608276,
-0.31515413522720337,
-0.5571595430374146,
0.3129408359527588,
0.2805194854736328,
-1.0146925449371338,
-0.2652762532234192,
0.6363884806632996,
-2.574782609939575,
1.2108848094940186,
0.46226030588150024,
1.2057229280471802,
1.21275794506073,
-0.35877305269241333,
-0.6744269728660583,
2.5407235622406006,
1.7733157873153687,
-0.8104725480079651,
-1.7835943698883057,
0.9311767220497131,
0.38054898381233215,
1.5352782011032104,
-2.4268736839294434,
-1.9462153911590576,
-0.7779032588005066,
0.5903616547584534,
0.6459710001945496,
1.5815821886062622,
1.53174889087677,
-1.2643543481826782,
0.9825457334518433,
0.46559086441993713,
-1.3104766607284546,
0.2760877311229706,
0.17353594303131104,
0.9559149742126465,
1.692722201347351,
1.5416669845581055,
1.252534031867981,
0.47935429215431213,
2.544048309326172,
-0.10747470706701279,
-0.4362144470214844,
-0.08591645956039429,
-2.7181973457336426,
0.059548646211624146,
1.971572756767273,
2.8538663387298584,
0.7062182426452637,
-1.2890609502792358,
0.3079115152359009,
1.0035150051116943,
-1.3748598098754883,
1.8514901399612427,
1.2864230871200562,
1.863917350769043,
0.37094053626060486,
1.6619737148284912,
-1.3643090724945068,
-0.6939989328384399,
-0.1443495750427246,
2.3530280590057373,
0.39452069997787476,
1.5813664197921753,
-0.26123717427253723,
-0.8699610233306885,
2.5394747257232666,
1.4530107975006104
] |
so uh...what exactly is temperature? | i've been trying to read up on some thermodynamics but there's still no decent definition of temperature. is it average motional energy? is it average translational energy? is it heat? what the heck is a degree? how is entropy of a measure of heat/temperature is i can't tell what temperature is? i want a good operational definition please! | so, start simple. what is a degree? well, you gotta start with some history. fahrenheit and celcius were started by two guys. they are methods of measuring what a thermometer measured. these concepts were created before our full and robust concept of what heat was developed. it turns out that the best understanding of temperature connects to the average "kinetic" energy of the particle of a substance. the kinetic energy is not just the (0.5)mv^2 you learned in physics class. it also includes the various degrees of freedom the molecules can have (as arbie noted). for instance, imagine a o2 molecule. it can be moving linearly, it can be vibrating (along the bond) or it cane be rotating. different kinds of energy, but all add together to give the total energy of each particle and you average those you get the temperature of the gas. but wait, i can hear you saying, energy is in joules and temperature is in..what the hell is temperature in anyways? a degree make no sense. enter the idea of kelvin. 0 k is connected here. 0 k is the idea of zero energy, so no motion at all (quantum mechanics makes this "impossible" but, that's not important at the moment). so, back to the idea of temperature and energy. so, first we need to understand work. work is adding/removing energy from a system. it can be calculated by looking at a force acting over a distance. so james joule has a pretty famous experiment where he put a paddle wheel in a bucket of water and spun it. it heated up. the boltzmann constant is that fundamental constant that connects the idea of kelvin (temperature) to joule (energy). it is just a multiplier, it's unit is j/k. it is just like the idea of converting from meters to kilometers, multiplying by 0.001 km/m. for instance, recall the fundamental gas law (pv=nrt) where r is the letter chemists use for boltzmann. the dimensional analysis of this equation and solving for r gives you nothing. i know, this is somewhat disjointed, but i hope it helps. | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/y7gs0/why_is_there_an_absolute_freezing_point_but_not/c5t177m"
] | [
-5.113813400268555,
2.55642032623291,
0.6588758230209351,
3.9960217475891113,
-0.0755355954170227,
-3.0262138843536377,
1.124925136566162,
1.8823469877243042,
3.768493413925171,
-0.34815531969070435,
2.1067657470703125,
-1.1811857223510742,
-0.05123819410800934,
-0.39134126901626587,
0.6821252703666687,
-1.6233538389205933,
-1.9675315618515015,
-1.079350233078003,
-5.769329071044922,
-0.3888108730316162,
1.7428624629974365,
0.44849029183387756,
0.18611788749694824,
-1.685273289680481,
-1.6059619188308716,
1.207608938217163,
0.38378405570983887,
0.7632806301116943,
2.108848810195923,
1.018587589263916,
-0.4838409423828125,
-1.2764418125152588,
-0.5873079299926758,
-1.0385984182357788,
0.5102587938308716,
1.9745192527770996,
0.5561395287513733,
-0.5068421363830566,
-2.1253955364227295,
1.8700072765350342,
-1.3809642791748047,
-3.089352607727051,
3.210405111312866,
1.3803526163101196,
0.431292325258255,
3.432307243347168,
1.528746247291565,
-0.08995407074689865,
-0.9917265176773071,
-3.4552130699157715,
-0.9240603446960449,
0.7391039133071899,
-0.23255643248558044,
-1.2386871576309204,
-0.2571007013320923,
1.1563827991485596,
3.4887607097625732,
-2.3911240100860596,
-1.2188745737075806,
-5.89219331741333,
0.33866986632347107,
0.0016868114471435547,
-2.0217599868774414,
1.4370472431182861,
7.128274917602539,
-0.33522099256515503,
-0.30844104290008545,
1.0327188968658447,
-1.647550344467163,
1.4178407192230225,
-0.3908318281173706,
0.9403612017631531,
-1.0303287506103516,
-0.22528627514839172,
2.970041036605835,
-0.7404393553733826,
-0.30467432737350464,
4.09120512008667,
-0.6046381592750549,
-0.49743106961250305,
2.248103380203247,
-2.408616542816162,
-1.7471681833267212,
-0.8828636407852173,
-2.6060988903045654,
4.780714988708496,
5.537615776062012,
0.2898746430873871,
2.916995048522949,
-0.3929781913757324,
-3.763834238052368,
-0.17049841582775116,
-4.580397129058838,
-0.18352261185646057,
1.8091771602630615,
3.030834436416626,
-1.9546513557434082,
-3.5183522701263428,
-0.32420599460601807,
-0.5321509838104248,
-1.3391181230545044,
0.3378870189189911,
-3.937591791152954,
1.6392247676849365,
-1.95006263256073,
-2.1661040782928467,
-0.5914361476898193,
4.015842437744141,
1.2767866849899292,
-1.487498164176941,
-0.5841695070266724,
-2.0860815048217773,
0.3186929225921631,
-1.4119402170181274,
1.5631086826324463,
-3.9603824615478516,
0.7474017143249512,
1.448760986328125,
0.07708790898323059,
0.48693105578422546,
-1.6582893133163452,
-0.8785374164581299,
0.03873310983181,
-0.4810165464878082,
-1.1593258380889893,
-2.5330255031585693,
2.064634084701538,
2.3313448429107666,
-1.6823536157608032,
-0.008408848196268082,
5.862504005432129,
-1.3864901065826416,
-0.5872378349304199,
1.3593029975891113,
-1.7643935680389404,
-0.07049247622489929,
5.846066951751709,
1.4492684602737427,
-0.40366607904434204,
6.700615406036377,
1.7314850091934204,
2.444071054458618,
-1.3085401058197021,
-5.021401882171631,
1.4285473823547363,
0.15869182348251343,
0.2357451617717743,
-1.0122822523117065,
0.07157828658819199,
2.5046117305755615,
1.558372139930725,
-2.2345471382141113,
1.7263514995574951,
-1.704301357269287,
2.063439130783081,
-1.7056217193603516,
-1.8202955722808838,
0.055906742811203,
-0.042438216507434845,
2.069058895111084,
-4.595262050628662,
1.0697029829025269,
0.9349365830421448,
-0.1381375789642334,
0.7419700026512146,
1.820554256439209,
1.3253132104873657,
-2.3182313442230225,
1.5335863828659058,
-2.0973124504089355,
1.8398547172546387,
-0.1393272429704666,
2.0243401527404785,
1.4801193475723267,
1.2659056186676025,
-1.5275222063064575,
-3.5754122734069824,
-0.7957363128662109,
-0.06436744332313538,
3.8802108764648438,
2.375528335571289,
-0.2649345397949219,
6.108578681945801,
-0.6002878546714783,
2.1590754985809326,
2.456364870071411,
0.47357508540153503,
-0.04729895666241646,
-4.203401565551758,
3.3531107902526855,
2.5290064811706543,
-3.7910964488983154,
-2.3284428119659424,
2.0079643726348877,
-3.3709189891815186,
-1.8749151229858398,
-0.8329961895942688,
0.5157634019851685,
-2.0628395080566406,
0.6527280807495117,
1.007625937461853,
-2.181999921798706,
1.6275005340576172,
-0.8469316363334656,
0.24251925945281982,
-1.6970926523208618,
-0.09963971376419067,
-0.41442281007766724,
-5.1276326179504395,
0.47652962803840637,
0.15012232959270477,
-6.6865234375,
-1.609861135482788,
-1.4751160144805908,
-1.167217493057251,
2.281010389328003,
-2.0243990421295166,
-2.6377675533294678,
-0.9443355798721313,
-0.060234714299440384,
3.2500720024108887,
2.212923288345337,
-0.3850102722644806,
-3.2884438037872314,
-0.8212275505065918,
-1.8450204133987427,
-2.6183810234069824,
3.7070720195770264,
1.7816245555877686,
0.9924907684326172,
-0.2824047803878784,
-3.92539644241333,
1.0318551063537598,
2.5505051612854004,
2.0047764778137207,
-1.839922547340393,
-3.093325138092041,
1.042989730834961,
0.9834636449813843,
-0.7549300193786621,
-1.815021276473999,
-1.9033229351043701,
-0.40044480562210083,
1.4522885084152222,
-0.40691936016082764,
2.402928590774536,
-0.8869219422340393,
1.132021188735962,
-0.3444836437702179,
0.7224807739257812,
0.20160721242427826,
-0.5290616154670715,
-2.4433681964874268,
1.768606185913086,
0.18197369575500488,
0.19009461998939514,
-0.45568686723709106,
0.45751962065696716,
-5.416727542877197,
1.483473300933838,
3.347238779067993,
-0.05903737246990204,
0.30154716968536377,
-3.2772655487060547,
3.517160654067993,
1.1236696243286133,
1.9279448986053467,
2.005579710006714,
-4.193660259246826,
-0.7972058057785034,
1.578851580619812,
-4.6800007820129395,
-0.7941810488700867,
-1.5991573333740234,
5.433610916137695,
-5.076237201690674,
-2.1704163551330566,
-1.0544116497039795,
-0.10966402292251587,
-1.5509188175201416,
-0.9930686950683594,
-2.3135714530944824,
-1.222824215888977,
1.148404598236084,
1.3662656545639038,
-2.4049010276794434,
1.5060538053512573,
2.484095573425293,
-1.036069631576538,
-2.2090704441070557,
-0.46633949875831604,
5.361913204193115,
1.5499522686004639,
-1.3279283046722412,
2.521894931793213,
3.7435977458953857,
1.738071084022522,
0.7303279042243958,
0.6154578924179077,
-0.199677973985672,
3.1700215339660645,
-2.905543565750122,
-2.7177083492279053,
-0.9661034345626831,
-3.9072518348693848,
-0.858950138092041,
0.8359864354133606,
0.7773773074150085,
0.9018509387969971,
-3.151646375656128,
-1.9075860977172852,
-2.216644525527954,
1.8471925258636475,
2.025371789932251,
-1.7892290353775024,
2.1217594146728516,
-0.8967868685722351,
3.3070998191833496,
0.33309412002563477,
0.8482707738876343,
0.840948760509491,
-2.552084445953369,
3.3208630084991455,
-1.2991331815719604,
0.718322217464447,
1.8380215167999268,
2.2540199756622314,
-2.8532769680023193,
-0.7227248549461365,
-0.48284268379211426,
-0.5765522718429565,
-0.1549319624900818,
3.812910318374634,
1.1892603635787964,
4.439528465270996,
3.3598124980926514,
-0.9675627946853638,
-0.8287454843521118,
-2.547138214111328,
0.15725520253181458,
0.5677372217178345,
-0.2925395667552948,
-0.33543670177459717,
0.704460859298706,
2.6249196529388428,
-1.043749451637268,
1.2007726430892944,
-0.41296130418777466,
-4.503244400024414,
0.6321619153022766,
-4.036484718322754,
3.0072221755981445,
2.3349997997283936,
0.41768553853034973,
2.8638648986816406,
-1.310633659362793,
1.0735946893692017,
1.6656335592269897,
-0.1497586965560913,
-0.10438147187232971,
-2.151043653488159,
2.061924695968628,
-1.6380224227905273,
4.530952453613281,
-3.8115546703338623,
3.4005584716796875,
-3.2118723392486572,
0.4177614450454712,
-3.9397058486938477,
4.598423957824707,
1.1290395259857178,
4.559568405151367,
2.649038553237915,
-0.9674278497695923,
3.4312331676483154,
-2.277341842651367,
-3.7185661792755127,
1.2036616802215576,
-3.6641807556152344,
-0.7115733623504639,
-1.4274389743804932,
1.3940914869308472,
1.2933789491653442,
1.552372932434082
] |
my father is insane (thermodynamics question) | please help my father understand how heat works. he gets angry with me when i try to teach him how. example: right now, it's 60 degrees inside and outside (all the windows are open). i went to use the stove to heat up some pizza and he got mad because in ~6 hours it should be 90 degrees outside. when it is 90 degrees outside (and ~75 inside). he thinks that using the oven will heat the house to over 100 degrees (we live in a large house, not sure of the sq footage, but it's a typical 2-story colonial with garage expansion). when i try to explain how hot air doesn't increase the temperature indoors, that thermal radiation does (just like the way an oven works), he gets angry. i explain that the temperature near the stove will increase, that the ceiling above it will radiate heat to a small degree, but the temp of the rest of the house will remain the same. he thinks that the heat from the oven will magically transfer to every room in the house. last summer i placed a few thermometers around the house and cooked some food. he refused to even listen to the results. what is a simple but elegant way to explain to a stubborn old man how heat works? | actually it will but only to a small degree. the oven has a high **temperature** but it contains only a small amount of **heat**. the heat will spread through the house but it will cause only a small rise in temperature. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.1472393274307251,
1.006394386291504,
0.6270920038223267,
0.5326262712478638,
0.06725525856018066,
-0.9063834547996521,
-1.140380620956421,
-0.4538068175315857,
0.030348248779773712,
0.008868768811225891,
-0.04683101177215576,
-0.34362635016441345,
-0.4532691538333893,
0.2581195831298828,
1.239243984222412,
-0.33438828587532043,
0.5383549332618713,
-0.1037854552268982,
-0.12672047317028046,
-0.15113501250743866,
0.14263641834259033,
-0.022148393094539642,
-0.3542332947254181,
-0.40965771675109863,
-0.15325447916984558,
-0.9091174602508545,
0.19901369512081146,
0.6744593381881714,
-0.035416100174188614,
0.5060399770736694,
0.07271171361207962,
-0.2609812319278717,
-0.2824382781982422,
-0.7090405225753784,
0.3837001919746399,
-0.17364908754825592,
0.30204465985298157,
-1.187383770942688,
-0.652519941329956,
0.043489813804626465,
-0.6060816049575806,
-0.3347359001636505,
0.3424057960510254,
0.456341415643692,
0.11649759113788605,
1.2059786319732666,
0.08840927481651306,
0.03969262167811394,
-0.22996583580970764,
-1.248856782913208,
0.05706779286265373,
0.04078104346990585,
-0.15753555297851562,
0.49192219972610474,
-0.6295297741889954,
-0.02338966727256775,
0.15446734428405762,
-0.7198293209075928,
-0.36101290583610535,
-0.7688180804252625,
0.030040821060538292,
0.37935110926628113,
-0.4124525785446167,
-0.18486210703849792,
1.4114282131195068,
-0.111344113945961,
-0.41793203353881836,
-0.03065665066242218,
0.02811814472079277,
0.19604213535785675,
0.08020532131195068,
-0.42273151874542236,
0.8800825476646423,
0.12121380120515823,
-0.07357803732156754,
-0.4279891848564148,
-0.09612967073917389,
0.47208231687545776,
-0.023097842931747437,
0.14580929279327393,
0.08386680483818054,
-0.5380442142486572,
-0.6024781465530396,
-0.6415392756462097,
-0.5214948058128357,
0.4193568527698517,
1.2548151016235352,
0.04326532781124115,
-0.28299063444137573,
-0.07349676638841629,
-0.518314778804779,
-0.024149570614099503,
-0.8258823156356812,
0.5775060653686523,
0.02833895944058895,
0.20133715867996216,
-0.12420590221881866,
-0.9559439420700073,
-0.7588437795639038,
-0.49658721685409546,
-0.21970975399017334,
-0.6149246692657471,
-0.815577507019043,
0.6986852884292603,
-0.13014325499534607,
0.07251088321208954,
0.13009639084339142,
0.5838801860809326,
0.20645442605018616,
-0.6584221124649048,
-0.40220463275909424,
0.26512861251831055,
0.31830596923828125,
-0.6065097451210022,
0.24756847321987152,
-0.9076651334762573,
0.5795189738273621,
-0.21812891960144043,
-0.8893585205078125,
-0.007327422499656677,
0.03156666457653046,
-0.14219902455806732,
-0.11186325550079346,
-0.7039204835891724,
0.12829764187335968,
-0.40823882818222046,
0.11685708165168762,
0.6285892724990845,
-0.3006662428379059,
0.10472355782985687,
0.07892484217882156,
-0.1921706199645996,
1.1009026765823364,
0.28511515259742737,
0.00016701966524124146,
0.2408800721168518,
0.32504186034202576,
0.6552683115005493,
0.5888727903366089,
-0.10106892138719559,
0.07911558449268341,
0.6134153604507446,
-0.10960227251052856,
-0.315498024225235,
0.061958760023117065,
0.17694221436977386,
0.4598129987716675,
0.4128792881965637,
-0.49383169412612915,
0.27910706400871277,
-0.038163237273693085,
0.24280661344528198,
0.46504390239715576,
-0.2697021961212158,
0.35998618602752686,
-0.625846266746521,
-1.453992247581482,
0.2975054383277893,
1.1315562725067139,
-0.2717645764350891,
-0.7640154361724854,
0.19745829701423645,
-0.03334815055131912,
0.08263667672872543,
-0.18758195638656616,
0.08737491071224213,
-0.9508205652236938,
0.4415413439273834,
-0.180728480219841,
-0.7930623292922974,
0.7231002449989319,
0.386568158864975,
-0.015211982652544975,
0.34483838081359863,
-0.30839627981185913,
-0.36574694514274597,
-0.6552119255065918,
-0.054512329399585724,
0.17056363821029663,
0.16683782637119293,
0.7246289253234863,
0.7661074995994568,
0.9517062902450562,
0.5094725489616394,
0.5776927471160889,
-0.6690840721130371,
0.7492608428001404,
-0.15396611392498016,
0.019145436584949493,
-0.2452937513589859,
-0.3765922784805298,
-0.6008409857749939,
-0.2925138771533966,
0.11466816067695618,
0.20965547859668732,
0.7332946062088013,
-0.8946257829666138,
-0.3376786410808563,
0.279348760843277,
-0.33222249150276184,
-0.10832052677869797,
-0.7282570004463196,
0.24390161037445068,
0.41520369052886963,
0.4607878029346466,
-0.5834938287734985,
0.318858802318573,
-0.3547682464122772,
-0.039605848491191864,
-0.19208696484565735,
0.72220778465271,
-0.8824825286865234,
-0.3781685531139374,
0.26494166254997253,
0.37325578927993774,
1.7351434230804443,
0.13713838160037994,
0.1370280385017395,
0.06920236349105835,
-0.039454907178878784,
1.0650049448013306,
-0.06273719668388367,
0.4933423399925232,
-0.779967188835144,
0.14607641100883484,
-0.580135703086853,
-0.42576146125793457,
-0.14675688743591309,
0.41700008511543274,
-0.23836469650268555,
-0.08401529490947723,
-0.2894175350666046,
-0.5051755905151367,
0.5745673775672913,
-0.14406590163707733,
-0.30932700634002686,
-0.1812913417816162,
0.14938046038150787,
-0.08399167656898499,
0.6012497544288635,
-0.060604527592659,
-0.4516816735267639,
0.55014967918396,
0.9134175777435303,
0.05045647546648979,
0.4559723436832428,
-0.8131862282752991,
0.6918978095054626,
0.04547576978802681,
0.07906985282897949,
0.16131970286369324,
0.776515007019043,
-0.3745080232620239,
-0.12642496824264526,
-0.23361262679100037,
-0.11465234309434891,
-0.20375679433345795,
0.5104700326919556,
-0.43725964426994324,
0.643967866897583,
0.7058457732200623,
-0.46484196186065674,
-0.3471001386642456,
-0.37373945116996765,
0.4453309178352356,
-0.2729025185108185,
0.7549880146980286,
-0.1595337986946106,
-0.38106292486190796,
-0.051641471683979034,
0.9526404142379761,
-0.9347745776176453,
-0.21369555592536926,
0.42839866876602173,
1.0228252410888672,
-0.25696566700935364,
-0.1459176242351532,
0.9006615877151489,
-0.05404360964894295,
-0.042322441935539246,
-0.2702181339263916,
-0.23338936269283295,
0.3194093406200409,
0.4109753370285034,
0.7874119877815247,
-0.2533237934112549,
0.3716631829738617,
-0.5969098806381226,
0.32005560398101807,
-0.6418682336807251,
0.0019620582461357117,
0.9309312701225281,
1.1808158159255981,
-0.3885161280632019,
0.5203638672828674,
0.2542048692703247,
0.25020867586135864,
-0.05964731052517891,
0.15804800391197205,
-0.6555260419845581,
0.8169060945510864,
-0.32653915882110596,
-0.8830270171165466,
0.4606257677078247,
-0.6180050373077393,
0.4405459463596344,
0.046191662549972534,
0.08980956673622131,
0.7815592288970947,
-1.887801170349121,
-0.33019816875457764,
-0.7563267946243286,
-0.20469516515731812,
0.37634432315826416,
-0.380684494972229,
1.3346928358078003,
0.5447421669960022,
-0.7551453113555908,
-0.8570202589035034,
-0.035150524228811264,
0.2558387815952301,
-0.20996707677841187,
0.44447141885757446,
-0.06498432159423828,
-0.16061295568943024,
-0.37474650144577026,
0.5917071104049683,
-0.20722858607769012,
0.3636666536331177,
-0.6773728728294373,
0.018450960516929626,
0.41216930747032166,
1.2362414598464966,
-0.49475908279418945,
-0.06451798230409622,
0.4138043522834778,
0.15120570361614227,
-0.22025960683822632,
-0.2967875599861145,
0.17531484365463257,
-0.4761236906051636,
0.1967596709728241,
0.05049910396337509,
0.41785016655921936,
0.7795647382736206,
-0.19993668794631958,
0.20413276553153992,
-0.298313707113266,
-0.3930312991142273,
0.28035658597946167,
-1.2115744352340698,
0.03519758582115173,
0.7658536434173584,
0.18409472703933716,
-0.089008629322052,
-0.15887795388698578,
-0.5371518135070801,
0.7170113325119019,
0.45933863520622253,
-0.4767134487628937,
-0.2787623107433319,
-0.5760404467582703,
0.08369733393192291,
0.335970014333725,
-0.9626680612564087,
-0.04229709506034851,
-0.4819599390029907,
-0.07332052290439606,
-0.3531687259674072,
1.075172781944275,
0.6348569393157959,
0.5567513704299927,
0.28925102949142456,
-0.05785931646823883,
0.036970991641283035,
-0.5150400400161743,
0.05049949139356613,
0.4354734420776367,
0.7132033705711365,
0.24629920721054077,
0.5076082944869995,
0.1062629222869873,
0.12485437840223312,
0.5043609738349915
] |
what happens physically and/or psychologically when you have a "bad trip" on acid and what causes long term damage? | there's very little 'long term damage' associated with acid, beyond that which might be attributed to psychological impact. bad trips are unpleasant, but any lasting effect is more about memory and shattered perception than anything else. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.15395891666412354,
-0.15648403763771057,
0.4893026053905487,
0.19079425930976868,
0.18376663327217102,
-0.509517252445221,
-0.10934010148048401,
0.7466318011283875,
0.607130229473114,
-0.7630412578582764,
0.4956054985523224,
0.5855627059936523,
0.1399277299642563,
-0.027193576097488403,
0.09965893626213074,
-0.3275773227214813,
0.9985347390174866,
-0.08978839218616486,
-1.2048962116241455,
0.7914717197418213,
-0.2950229346752167,
0.24428266286849976,
0.620851993560791,
0.1353224217891693,
-0.031433798372745514,
0.3960099518299103,
0.3659825325012207,
-0.41357260942459106,
-0.294373482465744,
0.0598888099193573,
-0.10634703934192657,
0.49943628907203674,
-0.27115994691848755,
-0.5898355841636658,
0.20544512569904327,
0.21744726598262787,
-0.6058021783828735,
0.20086997747421265,
0.6579898595809937,
-0.2460457980632782,
-0.4373858571052551,
0.5720406174659729,
-0.32144564390182495,
0.6804335117340088,
-0.5618523955345154,
0.08989369869232178,
0.778693437576294,
-0.7246832847595215,
-0.12207493185997009,
-0.025130070745944977,
0.1701984405517578,
0.20469017326831818,
-0.18986698985099792,
0.15196147561073303,
-0.30141836404800415,
-0.36627286672592163,
-0.14633426070213318,
0.19749371707439423,
-0.7735095024108887,
0.4475991129875183,
-0.2929302453994751,
-0.3522230386734009,
0.05718395113945007,
-0.13224679231643677,
0.9438284039497375,
0.4532082676887512,
0.5677080154418945,
-0.15883159637451172,
0.18854300677776337,
0.7865551710128784,
-0.008876301348209381,
-0.18318969011306763,
-0.5508956909179688,
-0.320179283618927,
0.4296495318412781,
-0.22584514319896698,
-0.2104780673980713,
-0.04723504185676575,
0.07762403041124344,
-0.6724659204483032,
0.1973414570093155,
0.04153740406036377,
-0.3262467384338379,
-0.11624167859554291,
-0.4078062176704407,
-0.5973271131515503,
0.7423350214958191,
0.07799926400184631,
-0.08436863124370575,
0.5859072208404541,
-0.13335689902305603,
0.1325041949748993,
0.6677888631820679,
-0.006707765161991119,
0.27903786301612854,
0.3464260399341583,
-0.8360577821731567,
-0.18492752313613892,
-0.17683017253875732,
0.19856637716293335,
-0.25219833850860596,
0.6248093843460083,
-1.185202717781067,
0.4844121038913727,
0.15038645267486572,
-0.09576551616191864,
-0.11580243706703186,
0.16705851256847382,
-0.30959099531173706,
0.3038284480571747,
-0.2475961148738861,
-0.12644504010677338,
0.4510672986507416,
-0.31792593002319336,
-0.4013431668281555,
0.020167455077171326,
0.3974146544933319,
0.1747705638408661,
-0.7049473524093628,
-0.3884105384349823,
0.07051170617341995,
-0.7712849378585815,
0.16039320826530457,
0.3731611371040344,
-0.3178669810295105,
-0.011348843574523926,
-0.47132426500320435,
0.22604568302631378,
0.4829846918582916,
0.05768420547246933,
-0.027194902300834656,
-0.593049168586731,
0.3552565276622772,
0.014179330319166183,
-0.5896162986755371,
-0.18161869049072266,
0.5506269335746765,
-0.6062964200973511,
0.039454638957977295,
0.283655047416687,
0.49246084690093994,
0.2473260462284088,
0.07540781795978546,
0.20914007723331451,
-0.7365770936012268,
0.6475751399993896,
0.42130669951438904,
-0.14212927222251892,
0.006125405430793762,
-0.2603330612182617,
0.17219527065753937,
0.015924394130706787,
-0.47896286845207214,
-0.19107329845428467,
-0.055084168910980225,
-0.1344504952430725,
-0.4604809284210205,
-0.2519303560256958,
-0.7231215834617615,
0.35888373851776123,
0.4623270332813263,
-0.4691930413246155,
-0.184553861618042,
0.39159366488456726,
0.1407438963651657,
0.2102590650320053,
0.004856463521718979,
-1.1693968772888184,
0.1547476053237915,
0.09305832535028458,
-0.5429495573043823,
0.15660610795021057,
0.14490792155265808,
-0.2535881996154785,
1.1086349487304688,
-0.17640723288059235,
-1.9961457252502441,
-0.252279132604599,
-0.2589978575706482,
-0.14478148519992828,
0.2743993103504181,
0.33210575580596924,
-1.0465450286865234,
0.4310608506202698,
-0.029825501143932343,
-0.4335172474384308,
0.41833531856536865,
0.20956821739673615,
0.13304521143436432,
0.3475297689437866,
-0.3564102053642273,
-0.4420000910758972,
0.6368605494499207,
0.009743615984916687,
0.2801525890827179,
0.4053145945072174,
-0.5188830494880676,
-0.5563504695892334,
-0.279276579618454,
0.07958413660526276,
-0.4925192594528198,
-0.7848473191261292,
-0.5664932131767273,
-0.2982298731803894,
-0.21559101343154907,
-0.6875705122947693,
-0.054796695709228516,
-0.48489242792129517,
-0.14522519707679749,
-1.0254100561141968,
-0.01728403940796852,
-0.6753323078155518,
-0.27795225381851196,
0.39218682050704956,
0.3126682937145233,
-0.8567066192626953,
-0.9009716510772705,
0.2834711968898773,
0.24689114093780518,
0.3932523727416992,
0.29321953654289246,
-0.11758294701576233,
0.2188504934310913,
-0.6776221990585327,
-0.35295212268829346,
-0.3253149390220642,
-0.11007919162511826,
0.30632439255714417,
0.10106673836708069,
0.35630056262016296,
0.02119569107890129,
1.1052396297454834,
0.05133923515677452,
0.10685625672340393,
-0.9009096622467041,
-0.25534844398498535,
-0.45640984177589417,
-0.23699349164962769,
0.051585853099823,
-0.6743518710136414,
0.303368479013443,
0.5700663924217224,
-0.41301295161247253,
0.048886120319366455,
0.35117119550704956,
1.0729469060897827,
-0.36135104298591614,
0.1869780421257019,
0.4222131669521332,
0.7277126312255859,
-0.3682471513748169,
0.02695295214653015,
-0.7380591630935669,
0.20623473823070526,
0.004887625575065613,
0.8245340585708618,
-0.6176661849021912,
-0.12555420398712158,
0.6331557035446167,
0.642416775226593,
0.5366865992546082,
0.3385178744792938,
-0.9842543601989746,
-0.22199198603630066,
-0.2163575291633606,
0.5028886795043945,
0.1878618746995926,
-0.20197942852973938,
-0.01129425410181284,
0.003903493285179138,
-0.6391636729240417,
-0.5119225978851318,
0.6963526606559753,
-0.10246428847312927,
0.844738245010376,
0.2597656846046448,
0.2354026585817337,
0.713956356048584,
0.30463138222694397,
-0.08100797235965729,
0.4527036249637604,
-1.2484873533248901,
0.1171194463968277,
0.5937048196792603,
-0.20125572383403778,
-0.01709762215614319,
-0.572151780128479,
-0.5489489436149597,
0.4414178133010864,
-0.2703942358493805,
-0.02721572481095791,
0.25958195328712463,
0.9425331950187683,
0.20112285017967224,
0.5334827899932861,
0.11544571816921234,
-0.6591510772705078,
-0.11906997859477997,
0.04699450731277466,
0.08315202593803406,
-0.47694993019104004,
-0.03907810151576996,
-0.7829961776733398,
0.020875710994005203,
-0.3552052080631256,
0.09916375577449799,
-0.13488709926605225,
-0.31598302721977234,
-0.21589435636997223,
-0.13599354028701782,
-0.8087668418884277,
-0.006726562976837158,
-0.1443301886320114,
0.45428353548049927,
-1.058933138847351,
-0.15483760833740234,
-0.13758184015750885,
0.0692063570022583,
-0.36306971311569214,
0.3199482858181,
0.4642457365989685,
-0.14080668985843658,
1.0372347831726074,
0.3850020468235016,
0.28458404541015625,
-0.19525068998336792,
-0.07058832049369812,
0.8197210431098938,
-0.43647751212120056,
0.23268994688987732,
-0.32059207558631897,
0.5234078168869019,
0.2327442765235901,
0.40248429775238037,
-0.5442136526107788,
0.47844332456588745,
0.03515252843499184,
-0.21361303329467773,
-0.208242729306221,
0.04910733178257942,
-0.24342240393161774,
-0.0977817177772522,
0.28976449370384216,
0.08006833493709564,
0.27991533279418945,
0.3189648985862732,
0.5151395797729492,
0.38076546788215637,
-0.4761291742324829,
-0.5318952798843384,
0.3374924659729004,
0.48949912190437317,
0.3015157878398895,
0.5070661306381226,
0.8190293312072754,
-0.600939154624939,
0.2571496367454529,
0.31105130910873413,
-0.04025566577911377,
0.8658664226531982,
-0.5261788368225098,
-0.45066094398498535,
0.20920735597610474,
1.2887921333312988,
0.059982821345329285,
-0.1051986962556839,
-0.3487949073314667,
-0.4302051067352295,
0.20772428810596466,
0.3117958903312683,
0.8650639653205872,
0.6292779445648193,
-0.4252212643623352,
0.06796896457672119,
0.14216595888137817,
0.14558637142181396,
0.2842462658882141,
0.3915013372898102,
-0.28912854194641113,
0.20328202843666077,
1.1937541961669922,
0.03110903687775135,
0.19247183203697205,
-0.3343721628189087
] |
|
how did wtc 7 collapse at the rate that it did? | the final nist report also admitted that it fell at freefall speed for about 2.5 seconds (after originally claiming that it did not but too many 9/11 truthers called them out on it with the video evidence so they had to change their story). edit: they went on to explain that the failure of one particular beam led to global collapse. they did not explain how that could have happened instantaneously as would be required for the sudden freefall of the entire building. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.3552933931350708,
0.8792204260826111,
0.6261441111564636,
0.685174822807312,
-0.20273756980895996,
-1.035022497177124,
-0.9655612707138062,
0.9636742472648621,
-0.1869353950023651,
-1.1560617685317993,
0.010569661855697632,
1.2351688146591187,
0.3538742959499359,
-0.18908263742923737,
-1.0376667976379395,
-0.17300309240818024,
-0.7145068645477295,
-0.8098700642585754,
-2.0083751678466797,
0.3592914640903473,
0.1460295170545578,
-0.502297043800354,
-0.25686559081077576,
0.14508607983589172,
1.6482408046722412,
0.44367894530296326,
-1.3974428176879883,
0.7487496137619019,
0.036528363823890686,
-0.19711554050445557,
0.08536729216575623,
-0.4158913195133209,
0.06555105745792389,
-0.45794880390167236,
0.3206128478050232,
0.36148643493652344,
0.7335275411605835,
-0.1588757485151291,
-0.7938401699066162,
-0.4713221788406372,
-0.5780117511749268,
0.8315337896347046,
-0.6860295534133911,
0.7017485499382019,
0.7181907892227173,
1.4923988580703735,
0.5987359285354614,
-0.08592474460601807,
-0.8246686458587646,
-0.1622360199689865,
-0.1488008201122284,
1.1442545652389526,
0.7702977657318115,
-0.7317002415657043,
-0.1631947159767151,
-0.10509828478097916,
0.36600664258003235,
-1.0436372756958008,
-0.05684800446033478,
-0.7009991407394409,
0.5804497599601746,
-0.3645232617855072,
-0.6921460628509521,
-0.09437713027000427,
1.640062689781189,
0.6196557283401489,
0.9151252508163452,
-1.3787308931350708,
-0.2678694725036621,
1.6103925704956055,
0.6274358630180359,
-0.49332255125045776,
0.10147684812545776,
-1.125101089477539,
-0.4168485403060913,
0.12277529388666153,
-1.1186310052871704,
0.47165238857269287,
-0.22147108614444733,
0.8817636370658875,
1.4980144500732422,
-1.2092256546020508,
-0.6694625616073608,
0.2808806896209717,
-0.10344479978084564,
-0.2520652711391449,
0.40317201614379883,
1.2562118768692017,
0.541197657585144,
-0.9708712100982666,
-0.9452972412109375,
-0.07382256537675858,
-0.050208792090415955,
1.2842656373977661,
0.8954469561576843,
-0.5712795853614807,
-0.6077688932418823,
-0.11152318120002747,
0.5407894849777222,
-0.43974530696868896,
-0.24266961216926575,
0.36258405447006226,
-1.1180171966552734,
-0.2694656252861023,
-0.295523077249527,
-0.023455768823623657,
0.8237241506576538,
0.3587406873703003,
0.5396034717559814,
-0.4626873731613159,
0.6186573505401611,
0.11337646096944809,
1.3127655982971191,
-0.3613309860229492,
-0.7619176506996155,
0.5781511068344116,
-0.26661670207977295,
0.3185146450996399,
-2.4852046966552734,
-0.7834583520889282,
0.8504067659378052,
0.383294939994812,
-0.3918093144893646,
-0.6229302287101746,
-0.1428040713071823,
-0.2553773820400238,
0.0936247855424881,
0.2678309679031372,
0.03270544111728668,
-1.0097243785858154,
-0.3984890878200531,
-0.6235208511352539,
0.6117872595787048,
0.03550339862704277,
-0.9426935911178589,
0.813725471496582,
1.4851821660995483,
0.3134341835975647,
0.10962304472923279,
-0.5223275423049927,
0.8709239959716797,
0.06209799647331238,
-0.09091353416442871,
0.06906299293041229,
0.7808834910392761,
0.5981919169425964,
0.9691961407661438,
0.9156107306480408,
1.255262017250061,
-0.700151801109314,
0.03882722556591034,
0.06301942467689514,
-0.38983288407325745,
0.8993746042251587,
-0.977637529373169,
-0.11722976714372635,
-0.35912153124809265,
-0.07249481976032257,
-0.286154180765152,
-0.08785494416952133,
0.2799122631549835,
0.48057788610458374,
0.5713813304901123,
0.7866702079772949,
0.5706708431243896,
0.3500775694847107,
-0.6941244602203369,
-0.5150266289710999,
-0.1699296534061432,
0.023566097021102905,
-0.657611072063446,
-0.24425484240055084,
0.3548263907432556,
-1.2393949031829834,
-1.0416685342788696,
0.10831084847450256,
-1.0404771566390991,
0.6279228925704956,
0.39231932163238525,
1.6350106000900269,
-0.8629977703094482,
0.054687194526195526,
1.0918400287628174,
0.7561162114143372,
0.10058055073022842,
0.016695380210876465,
-0.1259007751941681,
0.31271374225616455,
-0.7392224073410034,
-0.5625483393669128,
-1.1733722686767578,
-0.731154203414917,
1.1685172319412231,
0.6588485240936279,
0.007884643971920013,
0.8818832039833069,
-1.5398716926574707,
-0.5554564595222473,
-1.0623822212219238,
0.7260829210281372,
-1.4040708541870117,
-0.718767523765564,
-0.7345988750457764,
-0.4092707335948944,
-0.861839234828949,
0.1707799881696701,
-0.08225800096988678,
-0.07391142100095749,
0.18636098504066467,
-0.7670406699180603,
0.6620633006095886,
-1.652305245399475,
-0.09586548805236816,
0.4958694577217102,
0.32293397188186646,
0.4465394914150238,
-0.8797558546066284,
-0.05573860555887222,
-0.11100249737501144,
-0.14609909057617188,
0.8794561624526978,
-0.8681068420410156,
0.8865978121757507,
-0.907924234867096,
0.027451276779174805,
-0.09108507633209229,
-1.4079246520996094,
0.4283605217933655,
0.5950223207473755,
0.4916772246360779,
-0.706526517868042,
0.8861610889434814,
-0.574398398399353,
0.056556761264801025,
-0.0972476601600647,
0.07917997241020203,
-0.13414697349071503,
0.9361013174057007,
-0.8988485336303711,
0.027732983231544495,
0.1910211592912674,
-0.9147998690605164,
0.13357576727867126,
0.27064433693885803,
2.522653579711914,
-0.755439043045044,
-0.7421472668647766,
-0.4596502482891083,
0.7568475604057312,
0.757026195526123,
0.39403122663497925,
-0.0907902866601944,
-1.1533644199371338,
-0.41007599234580994,
-0.23467612266540527,
0.9678527116775513,
-0.014793351292610168,
0.7433573007583618,
0.3035533130168915,
0.9178499579429626,
-0.03135749697685242,
0.7338424324989319,
-0.6398995518684387,
-1.3609981536865234,
0.16481944918632507,
0.7489529848098755,
0.9972966909408569,
-0.41366833448410034,
0.1871042102575302,
-1.0576533079147339,
0.9418818950653076,
-0.8394773602485657,
-0.09699397534132004,
-0.8025783896446228,
-0.2942299544811249,
0.2590543031692505,
0.5779659152030945,
0.5117426514625549,
-0.7337672710418701,
-0.32192012667655945,
0.13454711437225342,
-1.779781699180603,
0.2408449351787567,
-0.04736784100532532,
-0.2229202836751938,
-0.4813338816165924,
0.2987607419490814,
-0.284758597612381,
1.0912294387817383,
-0.2671688497066498,
-0.8652704954147339,
1.2150688171386719,
0.31047841906547546,
0.5291189551353455,
0.8861551880836487,
0.7271967530250549,
-0.42758917808532715,
0.662614643573761,
0.08523397147655487,
0.04405134916305542,
-1.3326013088226318,
0.8488500714302063,
-0.8447070717811584,
0.3409796953201294,
-0.36562037467956543,
0.08730313181877136,
1.4220452308654785,
0.48356297612190247,
1.240392804145813,
-0.002611517906188965,
0.5672240257263184,
-1.3820607662200928,
-0.3429221510887146,
0.8211549520492554,
-0.6977973580360413,
0.3302217721939087,
0.8244460225105286,
-0.2748466730117798,
-0.345317542552948,
0.11011499911546707,
0.08241632580757141,
1.488978624343872,
-1.3327019214630127,
0.4246136248111725,
0.45682018995285034,
0.2902815639972687,
0.6594133973121643,
0.47201406955718994,
-0.5267700552940369,
-0.875154972076416,
-0.4037068486213684,
-0.4484436511993408,
-0.3435540795326233,
0.13628777861595154,
-0.038799017667770386,
0.38654571771621704,
-0.5618680715560913,
-0.6049915552139282,
-0.23194365203380585,
0.4153537452220917,
-0.14008164405822754,
-0.2835537791252136,
0.36134204268455505,
0.2061862200498581,
0.2574680745601654,
-0.13417978584766388,
0.31558728218078613,
-0.27730655670166016,
-0.31845980882644653,
0.5471517443656921,
-0.7742969989776611,
-0.2271144688129425,
1.046128511428833,
-0.13361090421676636,
-0.858797550201416,
-0.5361087322235107,
0.6556921601295471,
1.4891021251678467,
0.618442177772522,
-1.0058715343475342,
-0.4408990740776062,
0.7259960174560547,
0.35417428612709045,
1.480343222618103,
-0.2929094135761261,
1.0988409519195557,
-0.8813062906265259,
-0.630329430103302,
-0.19998013973236084,
-0.1513778567314148,
0.8568930625915527,
1.0132780075073242,
-0.6815754175186157,
0.4463404417037964,
1.867192268371582,
0.5758434534072876,
-0.008551567792892456,
-0.7670395374298096,
-0.6595988869667053,
0.13966016471385956,
-0.9341452717781067,
-0.11664170026779175,
-0.6624245643615723,
0.6148982048034668
] |
|
ephcephalopathy, ammonia, and blood brain barrier | question at bottom, knowledge i believe correct directly below encephalopathy refers to any brain disease and can be discovered by ammonia blood testing. the ammonia is because of the liver working improperly and allows a buildup to occur. this buildup then passes through the bloodbrain barrier into the brain. but how does ammonia get through the blood brain barrier? as well as can anyone explain how the ammonia then affects the brain after entering? is it natural permeability and if so this seems a bit of a defective trait unless it is needed in the brain? | an encephalopathy occurs when the function of the brain is impaired, and can arise from all sorts of causes. these include generalised infections (sepsis), disturbance of the normal chemical equilibrium, low oxygen levels,high or low body temperatures, and organ failures. ammonia levels are usually specifically associated with liver dysfunction. ammonia occurs in the body mostly from bacteria in the gut which break down urea (from protein) into ammonia and carbon dioxide. the blood from the gut is carried directly to the liver where most of the ammonia is converted back to urea which is then excreted by the kidney. so in liver failure, its is possible for this function to be impaired and for ammonia levels to rise. as ammonia is small and nonpolar it can therefore pass through the blood brain barrier although there appears to be evidence that the barrier becomes more permeable to ammonia in liver failure. ammonia is thought to have numerous effects on brain function , including directly inhibiting neuronal excitation. however, its actually not a very good test. normal ammonia levels do not rule out hepatic encephalopathy, and the magnitude of the ammonia elevation does not correlate with disease severity; neither do declining levels indicate improvement. it may be worthwhile in alerting you to the cause in a patient you did not know had liver disease, but in patients where this is already known, its not a useful test. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.05165857821702957,
0.030036836862564087,
1.3026881217956543,
2.024707317352295,
0.9741953015327454,
-0.7333850264549255,
0.1761055886745453,
2.4223783016204834,
1.5432794094085693,
-1.0337505340576172,
0.8810184597969055,
-2.663933753967285,
-3.318650245666504,
1.17010498046875,
-2.9899983406066895,
-2.957526206970215,
-0.5424186587333679,
-2.555469036102295,
-0.06774595379829407,
0.5069143176078796,
-0.2963404357433319,
5.821741104125977,
-0.2708050310611725,
-2.764341354370117,
-1.3610162734985352,
1.0020527839660645,
0.3023110032081604,
-0.10269181430339813,
1.0571508407592773,
0.31815028190612793,
2.685728073120117,
-0.6487492322921753,
0.2338898479938507,
-3.996650218963623,
0.3139108419418335,
-0.7099909782409668,
-0.5548958778381348,
-1.0616381168365479,
-0.9481897950172424,
-2.6417605876922607,
-0.6143953800201416,
-0.8824506998062134,
-2.218576192855835,
-0.0033038854598999023,
-3.019804000854492,
1.371984839439392,
2.500880718231201,
-2.312791585922241,
0.7889728546142578,
-1.5514838695526123,
-1.2188444137573242,
-0.8825613260269165,
1.2540111541748047,
3.968641757965088,
0.1454296112060547,
-2.7874889373779297,
-2.0140492916107178,
0.12746934592723846,
-4.745846271514893,
-0.23206043243408203,
-2.484187126159668,
2.177184820175171,
0.5294948220252991,
0.5154984593391418,
7.777211666107178,
-1.4491996765136719,
0.3543086647987366,
-4.3730363845825195,
0.1900983452796936,
-0.3405109643936157,
-0.201968714594841,
-1.2650494575500488,
0.8852003812789917,
1.0850028991699219,
-0.8125401735305786,
1.5685621500015259,
-1.4809916019439697,
-0.22486084699630737,
1.765045404434204,
-0.8372151851654053,
1.4821100234985352,
1.7057726383209229,
-1.3638373613357544,
-1.4385327100753784,
-1.4597294330596924,
2.3523736000061035,
-1.8361831903457642,
-0.10202314704656601,
-2.32565975189209,
2.61710524559021,
-1.4022117853164673,
-1.2029743194580078,
2.2230167388916016,
-0.6350483894348145,
3.095952033996582,
1.3569778203964233,
1.1267510652542114,
0.09189674258232117,
1.0349249839782715,
-0.03776496648788452,
-3.2033395767211914,
0.570252537727356,
-6.784238338470459,
1.106247901916504,
-3.0449113845825195,
1.1870453357696533,
-0.1851687729358673,
1.3241369724273682,
0.15033212304115295,
2.279374837875366,
-0.8601114153862,
0.253928542137146,
1.66227126121521,
-0.9458152055740356,
1.769050121307373,
1.3303894996643066,
2.0538690090179443,
-2.3249473571777344,
-3.8557519912719727,
0.3993425965309143,
-3.392038583755493,
-3.4344701766967773,
1.5650485754013062,
1.6607760190963745,
3.6544699668884277,
1.22225821018219,
-1.4475727081298828,
2.151610851287842,
3.4960782527923584,
-0.8212114572525024,
3.1999778747558594,
-1.2711073160171509,
0.595795750617981,
-1.4692429304122925,
-1.0476495027542114,
1.5170892477035522,
5.3200273513793945,
-1.8966314792633057,
-1.625766634941101,
2.478989362716675,
0.7870915532112122,
-1.7033817768096924,
-1.7550982236862183,
1.6915857791900635,
-3.060657024383545,
1.161214828491211,
3.0161821842193604,
-1.8901039361953735,
1.2064692974090576,
-1.7592799663543701,
-2.356877088546753,
-0.28259098529815674,
0.30868446826934814,
0.8817330002784729,
-1.6002752780914307,
-2.63700270652771,
-1.5929696559906006,
-0.9691969752311707,
0.5406737327575684,
0.9665383696556091,
-4.458941459655762,
-0.5593007206916809,
-2.954185962677002,
1.802484393119812,
2.0116307735443115,
2.491750478744507,
-2.1840126514434814,
-2.72434663772583,
1.1172335147857666,
-0.7186211943626404,
-0.7750812768936157,
-0.5865148901939392,
2.2394609451293945,
-3.240893840789795,
0.25243091583251953,
0.18487577140331268,
-0.09905031323432922,
2.1129932403564453,
1.3988784551620483,
1.8460301160812378,
1.57066011428833,
-1.787952184677124,
0.6932151317596436,
3.105365037918091,
-0.21426114439964294,
-1.4858382940292358,
-1.666003704071045,
3.021087884902954,
0.7362966537475586,
2.1997807025909424,
-1.6422860622406006,
2.879554510116577,
-2.979959011077881,
-0.22199729084968567,
-0.2368510216474533,
-2.3111753463745117,
-1.6333545446395874,
2.112424850463867,
0.5168314576148987,
-2.5603392124176025,
1.5766878128051758,
-0.6282653212547302,
-1.8075954914093018,
-1.7784157991409302,
-1.4020845890045166,
-2.0142569541931152,
1.1224786043167114,
-1.4578044414520264,
0.08659912645816803,
-2.59379506111145,
-0.055854588747024536,
0.01699391007423401,
1.1867574453353882,
-2.5600006580352783,
-1.7065048217773438,
1.9654669761657715,
-0.09143972396850586,
-1.369361162185669,
2.905240058898926,
-1.0753648281097412,
-1.1387176513671875,
-1.7202283143997192,
1.306267261505127,
-1.1054259538650513,
0.6976219415664673,
-2.8951239585876465,
-3.6998276710510254,
1.679619312286377,
-0.4696162939071655,
1.3390253782272339,
2.880736827850342,
4.75404167175293,
1.7654227018356323,
0.8242458701133728,
4.535919189453125,
0.7898545861244202,
-0.9749110341072083,
-0.25251704454421997,
0.05384959280490875,
-1.4317412376403809,
-4.87501335144043,
0.3942985534667969,
0.8212057948112488,
1.6192820072174072,
-2.592470407485962,
5.05138635635376,
1.3192412853240967,
-0.8878765106201172,
-1.1891027688980103,
2.0241708755493164,
-1.7072944641113281,
0.1436198651790619,
0.44078418612480164,
0.8318249583244324,
2.5774192810058594,
0.18717607855796814,
-2.595935344696045,
-2.7320785522460938,
0.6544262170791626,
-2.6606829166412354,
-0.7782536149024963,
0.29848676919937134,
-3.4929862022399902,
-1.931937336921692,
0.643877387046814,
4.443603992462158,
1.9644815921783447,
5.266833305358887,
-1.651713490486145,
1.795228362083435,
0.9919769763946533,
-3.104642152786255,
5.667311668395996,
1.120507001876831,
3.310767650604248,
-2.320119619369507,
-0.18659678101539612,
0.7654662132263184,
1.762123703956604,
2.3616793155670166,
1.3048737049102783,
-4.057565212249756,
-2.719970703125,
0.2243291735649109,
-1.1112897396087646,
-0.034351885318756104,
0.03511270880699158,
-1.5024678707122803,
-0.1938856542110443,
-0.17396292090415955,
-2.047969102859497,
3.612370252609253,
3.054302930831909,
1.2466806173324585,
3.481437921524048,
-1.1758025884628296,
1.2809146642684937,
0.6510735154151917,
0.15640047192573547,
-0.00334911048412323,
-1.111865520477295,
-0.3511446714401245,
-0.73065185546875,
-1.870734453201294,
-3.1016921997070312,
0.35232311487197876,
0.4572613835334778,
0.03661175072193146,
2.4673068523406982,
-4.021825790405273,
-3.2536909580230713,
-2.2314937114715576,
0.6417068243026733,
2.1939685344696045,
-2.3312642574310303,
2.8629961013793945,
-4.134469509124756,
-2.121354103088379,
1.239674687385559,
1.9627163410186768,
1.1774928569793701,
-0.9164094924926758,
-1.2492399215698242,
1.4021759033203125,
2.7993481159210205,
-0.48768356442451477,
0.08635619282722473,
-0.15553191304206848,
-1.025449514389038,
0.8436834812164307,
-0.19150912761688232,
5.23289680480957,
1.7952775955200195,
0.1950199156999588,
3.146169662475586,
-0.016858994960784912,
0.2065405696630478,
1.3882355690002441,
-0.9683800935745239,
-3.6868321895599365,
-2.4435858726501465,
-1.6306287050247192,
-0.6059512495994568,
1.497501015663147,
2.711219072341919,
-0.5691264271736145,
0.5656944513320923,
-0.7488641738891602,
-3.3269686698913574,
1.0079312324523926,
-1.3345688581466675,
4.1595988273620605,
1.8201748132705688,
0.5001976490020752,
2.843762159347534,
-0.40578046441078186,
0.5365488529205322,
0.5913070440292358,
-2.285597324371338,
-0.8265367746353149,
-1.1954880952835083,
-0.9962751269340515,
0.9290823340415955,
0.9824979901313782,
-1.5644375085830688,
1.0963094234466553,
-3.236586570739746,
2.6149652004241943,
1.445936679840088,
-0.9684747457504272,
0.387681782245636,
1.662379264831543,
1.841182827949524,
-2.402143716812134,
-0.6637424230575562,
-2.3571829795837402,
-0.901853084564209,
-0.8970720767974854,
0.6064203381538391,
-0.4175453186035156,
4.49506950378418,
2.5322868824005127,
5.887438774108887,
-0.24291551113128662
] |
how are you supposed to picture complex wave functions? | intro quantum mechanics. | it's not easy when you have a wavefunction that depends on three spatial coordinates and time, and it's complex-valued. but there are little tricks you can use. for example you can often decouple the radial and angular parts of the energy eigenstates. the angular parts are usually just given by the spherical harmonics, which give you those probability density diagrams you often see in chemistry textbooks. then the radial part just becomes a function of one variable. you can often choose a convention that the radial wavefunctions are all real-valued as well. so now you just have a real-valued function of a single variable. you can plot this very easily. another way to avoid all of this is to simply plot probability densities. probability densities are just the squared moduli of wavefunctions, and these are always real-valued. you still have the problem that they depend on three coordinates, but you can plot projections onto 2d planes, or surfaces of constant probability density, something like that. | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html"
] | [
-1.3604753017425537,
-1.2266706228256226,
-1.3993513584136963,
-0.5798045992851257,
-0.6621967554092407,
0.5154894590377808,
0.4623674750328064,
1.06266450881958,
2.2303104400634766,
0.9650511741638184,
0.9404588937759399,
-0.24203252792358398,
0.6837689280509949,
0.7361510992050171,
0.43911445140838623,
-0.16478127241134644,
-1.9239646196365356,
0.6195521354675293,
-3.941896915435791,
0.3650643229484558,
0.8773112297058105,
0.16845402121543884,
-0.5214000940322876,
0.3914562463760376,
0.7877487540245056,
-0.01995936408638954,
1.5469809770584106,
-1.100005865097046,
2.164379835128784,
-1.330064296722412,
-0.11734612286090851,
2.1006197929382324,
-0.6480972766876221,
-0.23941396176815033,
-1.2309679985046387,
-1.1010620594024658,
-1.4575471878051758,
1.6358206272125244,
0.3141497075557709,
0.2909161150455475,
-0.2870907485485077,
0.17279797792434692,
1.2696012258529663,
1.3643840551376343,
-0.45369142293930054,
-0.15278629958629608,
0.6117073893547058,
0.3220261335372925,
-0.017762303352355957,
-0.2966890037059784,
-0.7317000031471252,
0.6305642127990723,
-0.46246424317359924,
-0.45003393292427063,
-0.5173575282096863,
-0.262649804353714,
1.2152262926101685,
-2.9415504932403564,
-0.4999677240848541,
-1.998180866241455,
2.154298782348633,
-0.2799786329269409,
-0.18555134534835815,
-0.7588655352592468,
3.1356101036071777,
-0.4950703978538513,
0.9832925796508789,
-0.608338475227356,
0.2888971269130707,
3.585664749145508,
-0.6142802834510803,
0.3149109482765198,
-0.9558329582214355,
-0.29668092727661133,
1.4410947561264038,
0.543931245803833,
-0.3906787633895874,
1.686851978302002,
-0.20987769961357117,
1.1952115297317505,
-0.08908523619174957,
-1.5797741413116455,
-0.4964219331741333,
-1.0454564094543457,
-1.1540577411651611,
2.2558698654174805,
0.9462853670120239,
0.16894426941871643,
0.7590962648391724,
0.33019497990608215,
0.2678039073944092,
-0.48992598056793213,
-2.215100049972534,
0.13867047429084778,
-1.4195467233657837,
1.7959988117218018,
0.7389020323753357,
-1.751281976699829,
3.0033814907073975,
0.3285524249076843,
-1.973940134048462,
0.7950010299682617,
-1.8574646711349487,
1.157240629196167,
-0.24366939067840576,
-0.9294215440750122,
0.27107271552085876,
0.17267701029777527,
-0.1483323872089386,
0.6684932708740234,
-0.923194944858551,
-2.0824153423309326,
1.8288577795028687,
-0.5121327638626099,
0.7234736084938049,
-1.1364328861236572,
1.037668228149414,
1.5657354593276978,
1.0158956050872803,
-2.4705936908721924,
-1.1134477853775024,
0.7947900891304016,
1.3333467245101929,
0.2610296905040741,
1.0604010820388794,
-1.0912458896636963,
0.14990663528442383,
0.14839917421340942,
1.1754409074783325,
1.8189482688903809,
1.3465012311935425,
-0.8579571843147278,
-0.373340368270874,
0.22997915744781494,
-0.569044828414917,
-1.4741135835647583,
2.869070291519165,
0.5743367075920105,
-2.0241382122039795,
3.476201057434082,
0.25915437936782837,
1.7678364515304565,
-0.5245125889778137,
-0.3462051749229431,
1.0437771081924438,
0.02327921986579895,
-2.5047478675842285,
-0.33500367403030396,
0.8345692157745361,
-1.0233899354934692,
-0.14619092643260956,
-1.3994632959365845,
-1.53448486328125,
-1.0576804876327515,
1.1740713119506836,
1.4229774475097656,
-2.1319823265075684,
0.6841703057289124,
-0.10262199491262436,
1.1542922258377075,
-1.0142312049865723,
0.7310523986816406,
2.0879483222961426,
0.8276103734970093,
0.11321437358856201,
1.8228446245193481,
0.5305666923522949,
-0.15487471222877502,
-0.9454877972602844,
0.3739984631538391,
-0.03132140636444092,
0.020899882540106773,
-0.1786361038684845,
0.13566988706588745,
1.5379589796066284,
-0.3756592273712158,
-3.033202648162842,
-2.3728833198547363,
-0.36964884400367737,
1.1510858535766602,
0.24408265948295593,
-0.05403555557131767,
3.1740808486938477,
-0.6150129437446594,
1.064948558807373,
-1.3459209203720093,
1.4563030004501343,
-0.38452738523483276,
-2.2432258129119873,
0.4056221842765808,
-0.48531314730644226,
-1.5986151695251465,
-1.4153738021850586,
1.971608281135559,
-1.2212400436401367,
-2.7921547889709473,
1.1111549139022827,
-0.4736456274986267,
0.23512649536132812,
1.4058798551559448,
0.9516570568084717,
-1.0870957374572754,
1.148853063583374,
-0.3094252645969391,
-0.9492205381393433,
-0.7046767473220825,
1.351277470588684,
0.49788475036621094,
-4.178260803222656,
0.12705190479755402,
-0.8874134421348572,
-3.3138861656188965,
-0.4673019349575043,
-1.5014894008636475,
-0.5793211460113525,
0.5439081788063049,
-1.3051161766052246,
-2.6245126724243164,
-2.1696484088897705,
0.5848813056945801,
2.115654468536377,
0.26434385776519775,
0.45903879404067993,
-0.9947769045829773,
-2.8974032402038574,
-0.13698332011699677,
-1.0446274280548096,
1.1040115356445312,
0.10443408787250519,
0.5545961260795593,
0.9969369769096375,
-1.3595075607299805,
1.4645544290542603,
0.09459516406059265,
-0.1300644874572754,
-0.39115190505981445,
-2.344635486602783,
0.9774684906005859,
1.5166212320327759,
-1.4571855068206787,
-0.25344881415367126,
-1.6087743043899536,
-0.0837307870388031,
-1.8056159019470215,
0.06841346621513367,
0.015021726489067078,
-1.3432440757751465,
0.28004884719848633,
0.7382357120513916,
1.2272090911865234,
-1.6186857223510742,
-1.8116586208343506,
-0.5978768467903137,
1.5963072776794434,
-0.771317720413208,
-1.7493324279785156,
0.27086180448532104,
0.9852497577667236,
-1.7567379474639893,
0.16843846440315247,
2.173295021057129,
0.3483063578605652,
-0.46984976530075073,
-1.1159498691558838,
0.6669423580169678,
1.4507615566253662,
2.0209364891052246,
-0.6138163805007935,
-0.7530655860900879,
-0.7137093544006348,
1.280322551727295,
-0.5525087714195251,
1.3618779182434082,
0.7996736168861389,
1.6936250925064087,
-0.9041662812232971,
-0.20645467936992645,
-1.3906970024108887,
-1.774980068206787,
-0.1624070703983307,
-1.129012107849121,
-1.135923981666565,
1.6983189582824707,
1.02454674243927,
-1.142587423324585,
-1.6971218585968018,
1.1687369346618652,
1.8595116138458252,
0.2398362159729004,
-0.22165447473526,
-0.4133426249027252,
-0.042679563164711,
1.0881030559539795,
-0.6204439401626587,
0.4541383385658264,
2.5674190521240234,
0.6060885190963745,
-1.2059705257415771,
1.2309399843215942,
-0.229999840259552,
0.846836507320404,
1.7649739980697632,
-0.5409162640571594,
-1.1093488931655884,
0.08458057045936584,
-0.33848142623901367,
1.675316333770752,
0.7643191814422607,
0.5492583513259888,
-1.6728147268295288,
-0.05916257202625275,
-1.8551204204559326,
1.590778112411499,
0.8278014659881592,
-0.7145121693611145,
1.4843990802764893,
-0.5302826166152954,
1.1042320728302002,
1.7714645862579346,
1.0732932090759277,
0.9174844026565552,
-1.1422147750854492,
-0.13202506303787231,
-0.9906948208808899,
0.8754611611366272,
0.9991987943649292,
-0.010568752884864807,
-1.0655782222747803,
-0.7507440447807312,
0.2843044400215149,
0.8069813847541809,
0.7463715076446533,
-0.8277419805526733,
0.304106205701828,
2.1109907627105713,
0.7496079206466675,
-0.9401746392250061,
0.0025072097778320312,
-1.3940441608428955,
0.7486603260040283,
0.3463858664035797,
0.0494554340839386,
-0.019404709339141846,
-1.0780829191207886,
-0.04300078749656677,
1.3090397119522095,
-0.5438691973686218,
0.8999020457267761,
-1.7719625234603882,
1.2345560789108276,
-0.48168835043907166,
-0.29090410470962524,
0.6259246468544006,
1.0642497539520264,
1.9770605564117432,
-1.2244138717651367,
-0.535319983959198,
-0.746906578540802,
-1.388231873512268,
1.8656445741653442,
-2.1374692916870117,
-0.16895979642868042,
-0.5838134288787842,
2.6699182987213135,
1.0355947017669678,
0.8335407972335815,
-0.6179815530776978,
-1.4040123224258423,
-0.6869919896125793,
2.0161683559417725,
-1.4462566375732422,
2.8435041904449463,
0.865790843963623,
-1.316563606262207,
-0.20573055744171143,
-0.3760680854320526,
-0.4980592429637909,
-0.5290413498878479,
-2.5537962913513184,
-1.5944544076919556,
-0.15800005197525024,
2.1350698471069336,
1.3940751552581787,
-1.251559853553772
] |
general purpose ingredient explanation thread: can someone explain to me what mechanically separated chicken is? feel free to go on about other incomprehensible ingredients too, if you feel so led. i want to know what i'm putting in my body. | from what i've seen (no way an expert), mechanically separated meat is made from the carcass after all the good (edible) parts are removed. they take what's left, bones, cartilage, fat, some meat, etc.,grind it into a paste, and push it through a strainer to remove the chunks. the resulting goop is mixed with flavoring and formed into nuggets, patties, etc. look it up on youtube and prepare to be disgusted. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.2534568309783936,
0.5969540476799011,
0.39572352170944214,
-0.8988936543464661,
-0.09322398900985718,
-1.2767138481140137,
1.4436684846878052,
-0.6163762807846069,
0.1374799609184265,
-0.421855092048645,
0.3145071268081665,
-0.21052217483520508,
-0.7374057769775391,
-0.5895388722419739,
-0.24001434445381165,
-1.6162047386169434,
-0.03958452492952347,
0.08317923545837402,
-1.2485830783843994,
0.6175781488418579,
-0.7019202709197998,
1.0729633569717407,
-0.18784156441688538,
0.21893522143363953,
0.22897052764892578,
0.23377500474452972,
-0.3115256726741791,
-0.08211135864257812,
-0.1487904042005539,
-0.37104249000549316,
0.25923576951026917,
-0.5162668228149414,
0.2924569547176361,
-0.5628808736801147,
0.7977855205535889,
0.5310850739479065,
-0.8210556507110596,
0.21812278032302856,
1.0693761110305786,
-1.1312525272369385,
-0.010987997055053711,
-0.0669366717338562,
-0.37311357259750366,
-0.5290274620056152,
0.08253251016139984,
0.16432790458202362,
-0.0011602938175201416,
-0.6044738292694092,
0.7906321883201599,
-0.7320445775985718,
-0.2795986235141754,
0.23438987135887146,
-1.2225909233093262,
-0.5159926414489746,
0.39409881830215454,
-0.9988712072372437,
0.7860831022262573,
0.47453373670578003,
-0.6702524423599243,
0.4943658113479614,
-0.41643768548965454,
0.07791487872600555,
0.4894337058067322,
1.2593533992767334,
1.1561031341552734,
-0.4289777874946594,
0.23956440389156342,
0.6581072807312012,
-0.9032955169677734,
2.223043441772461,
0.5548149943351746,
-0.8517223596572876,
0.3938506841659546,
0.3253220319747925,
0.4081968665122986,
0.3998527228832245,
-0.3821611702442169,
-1.0818495750427246,
-0.2218642234802246,
0.3468308448791504,
-1.6197067499160767,
-0.05100744962692261,
0.041083961725234985,
-0.0828809142112732,
-1.633915662765503,
-0.32312023639678955,
0.36118456721305847,
0.14650875329971313,
0.5560812950134277,
0.5388663411140442,
-0.5321304798126221,
0.4608471989631653,
1.7692501544952393,
0.33078497648239136,
-0.6253951191902161,
-0.3372460603713989,
-0.1501471996307373,
0.20693980157375336,
-0.16520357131958008,
0.29856958985328674,
-0.6889305114746094,
0.10773473978042603,
-0.9795424342155457,
-0.6896719932556152,
0.4174549877643585,
-0.03448684513568878,
-1.000593662261963,
0.5643998384475708,
-0.38746702671051025,
0.3617161512374878,
-1.0999407768249512,
0.7664916515350342,
0.25900012254714966,
-0.8080999851226807,
-0.6112542748451233,
-0.6964291334152222,
1.2825058698654175,
-0.32829296588897705,
-0.9431936740875244,
-0.9516093730926514,
0.46002915501594543,
-0.3447170853614807,
0.03892052173614502,
0.5759549140930176,
0.2854101061820984,
0.0515751838684082,
0.17105963826179504,
0.9875150918960571,
0.10724600404500961,
0.2552306056022644,
-0.11936432123184204,
0.04452252388000488,
0.8189309239387512,
0.3464859127998352,
-0.40441280603408813,
-0.7215763330459595,
-0.27659574151039124,
0.010812491178512573,
0.2951000928878784,
0.30207109451293945,
-0.940540075302124,
0.23572638630867004,
-0.24404498934745789,
-0.305155873298645,
0.38928794860839844,
-0.58833909034729,
-0.38106516003608704,
-0.6562396287918091,
-0.13654547929763794,
1.1726452112197876,
0.08722986280918121,
-0.227961003780365,
-0.7643400430679321,
0.6386815309524536,
-1.2488279342651367,
-0.1089320182800293,
-0.13539135456085205,
0.0759536474943161,
0.30410701036453247,
0.40933310985565186,
-0.18768161535263062,
0.3720483183860779,
-0.30887383222579956,
0.5801115036010742,
0.13754874467849731,
0.016025006771087646,
-0.9591103792190552,
-0.6277441382408142,
1.587215542793274,
0.018977373838424683,
0.08414232730865479,
0.21630743145942688,
-0.30962419509887695,
-0.20748203992843628,
-0.8846718668937683,
-0.10465091466903687,
-1.340652585029602,
0.6182741522789001,
1.6795395612716675,
0.5274307727813721,
1.723375916481018,
0.028580788522958755,
-1.1812807321548462,
-0.17048710584640503,
0.2653470039367676,
-0.8373993635177612,
-0.046305909752845764,
-0.2627258598804474,
-0.5849693417549133,
0.05319605767726898,
0.5609781742095947,
0.7220237851142883,
-1.192409873008728,
1.0223228931427002,
-0.09359146654605865,
0.8532599210739136,
-0.8034469485282898,
0.22834807634353638,
-0.11669087409973145,
0.18689468502998352,
-0.10998867452144623,
-1.0510016679763794,
-1.1529752016067505,
-0.8781977891921997,
-0.477691650390625,
-1.019707441329956,
0.14543816447257996,
-1.2542599439620972,
1.1443133354187012,
0.439907968044281,
-0.6402226090431213,
-0.6193888187408447,
-0.8914167881011963,
-0.04676124453544617,
0.3631460964679718,
-0.5103634595870972,
1.2045096158981323,
0.537563681602478,
-1.175697922706604,
-0.7472308278083801,
-0.09456335753202438,
-0.9048198461532593,
-0.12739582359790802,
-1.0913243293762207,
0.5824990272521973,
0.1603398621082306,
0.22194020450115204,
1.266622543334961,
-0.6239809989929199,
-0.0958089679479599,
-0.7285754084587097,
0.5631527900695801,
0.16409766674041748,
-0.18863549828529358,
-0.5573599934577942,
-0.8003708124160767,
0.013736356049776077,
-0.01670520007610321,
-0.003390774130821228,
1.027518630027771,
0.06169731914997101,
0.18202495574951172,
-1.0511882305145264,
-0.895979642868042,
-0.5315345525741577,
0.3229132294654846,
0.7600935697555542,
1.5089999437332153,
-1.0803444385528564,
0.25900518894195557,
-0.6565248370170593,
0.4052060842514038,
0.0901569128036499,
0.05492645502090454,
0.23470273613929749,
-0.13205963373184204,
0.07798005640506744,
0.1098543107509613,
-0.5008604526519775,
0.3951430916786194,
0.07813727855682373,
1.1401889324188232,
-0.8476773500442505,
-1.1637516021728516,
0.24115927517414093,
-0.7016428709030151,
-1.3830969333648682,
2.1055097579956055,
-0.3503158390522003,
0.4064139425754547,
0.5031827092170715,
-0.772642195224762,
0.46633368730545044,
0.4767361283302307,
0.979187548160553,
0.11319895088672638,
0.17238570749759674,
0.311640202999115,
-0.7331305146217346,
1.2582483291625977,
0.5371223092079163,
-1.3868156671524048,
-0.7283788919448853,
0.8956854939460754,
0.7613059282302856,
-0.050368815660476685,
-0.5988398790359497,
-1.4953250885009766,
1.3163907527923584,
0.1674373298883438,
-0.8641791939735413,
0.49162909388542175,
-0.02692621946334839,
-0.8505028486251831,
1.2216789722442627,
-0.06478768587112427,
0.2778702974319458,
0.34392523765563965,
0.25206810235977173,
0.2273707389831543,
-1.2173316478729248,
-0.6916546821594238,
0.261030375957489,
0.7640988826751709,
0.4752058684825897,
-0.3512274920940399,
0.3744905889034271,
1.334656000137329,
-0.5747536420822144,
0.829108715057373,
-0.517200767993927,
0.7886666059494019,
-0.15547291934490204,
1.0292640924453735,
0.6377129554748535,
0.17263449728488922,
1.5367268323898315,
1.4062825441360474,
0.6066365242004395,
0.4103296995162964,
1.559983253479004,
-1.0592617988586426,
0.792587399482727,
0.9458410739898682,
0.06921190023422241,
0.4708807170391083,
0.029504120349884033,
0.6560550928115845,
0.2321285605430603,
0.3241721987724304,
-0.49130141735076904,
1.4353041648864746,
-0.19700272381305695,
0.908210039138794,
-0.6844457387924194,
1.3549587726593018,
0.014138251543045044,
0.0030907392501831055,
-1.1318230628967285,
0.191048264503479,
-2.0294349193573,
0.7717808485031128,
0.8930384516716003,
-0.6143757104873657,
-0.42235153913497925,
-0.7957014441490173,
-0.4494877755641937,
-0.3579215109348297,
-0.0703481137752533,
1.5484360456466675,
-0.03361883759498596,
0.5245702266693115,
-0.06391137838363647,
0.6503959894180298,
1.155935287475586,
-0.168373242020607,
-0.8374036550521851,
0.103904128074646,
0.9575016498565674,
-0.4894251823425293,
-0.7199889421463013,
-1.0531632900238037,
-0.1513679325580597,
1.199141502380371,
-1.1680893898010254,
-0.4486515522003174,
-0.635040283203125,
0.4716060757637024,
-0.480404794216156,
1.1571977138519287,
1.4892820119857788,
1.0381317138671875,
-0.5202698111534119,
-0.011113300919532776,
-0.23592519760131836,
-0.7794729471206665,
0.4173024296760559,
1.134583592414856,
-0.07481783628463745,
0.5677847862243652,
0.25680890679359436,
-0.9625760316848755,
2.173909902572632,
0.25064563751220703
] |
|
phoneme equivalent of a pangram? | i know all about the quick brown fox and i even have a sphinx of quartz, but is there a sentence or short phrase in english that contains every phoneme at least once? | there are a couple of issues in terms of making something like this. first is, "which english?" different varieties of english have different phoneme inventories. my english, for instance, has what is called [*æ* tensing](_url_1_), where what is /æ/ (the vowel in cat) in other dialects is split into two distinct classes in my english: /æ/ (in *hang* [hæŋ]) and /eə/ (in *ham* [heəm]). there's also the issue of allophones. different phonemes have different realizations in different contexts, so if you want to include most (or all) of them, you'll need something much longer than just a short sentence. voiceless stops in english are [aspirated](_url_2_) (that is, accompanied by a busrt of air) in syllable-initial position (like in *pin* [pʰɪn]), unaspirated in non-initial position (like in *spin* [spɪn]), and, in my english, appear as an unreleased stop or a glottal stop in syllable-final position (like in *knit* [nɪt̚]). that being said, there have been attempts. the *speech accent archive*, for instance, has [a short text](_url_0_) they ask people to read. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php?function=detail&speakerid=145",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AE-tensing#.C3.A6_tensing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant"
] | [
-1.0651018619537354,
-0.1908961534500122,
0.21447588503360748,
-3.0350303649902344,
-2.8909356594085693,
-1.0819652080535889,
2.42643404006958,
-1.264836072921753,
1.6200828552246094,
0.3398634195327759,
2.2424590587615967,
-0.4169647693634033,
1.3400416374206543,
0.42192715406417847,
1.9573169946670532,
0.6866179704666138,
0.29963773488998413,
0.5171366930007935,
-2.577476978302002,
0.03408228978514671,
2.7230231761932373,
3.4558167457580566,
0.7821764349937439,
-0.13987192511558533,
-1.4738534688949585,
0.11012330651283264,
-0.737713098526001,
0.28574809432029724,
0.9876525402069092,
0.5992768406867981,
0.7119724154472351,
4.282190799713135,
0.8792931437492371,
-0.7892150282859802,
0.2518634796142578,
1.8438119888305664,
-1.4312670230865479,
0.8944015502929688,
2.1074795722961426,
-0.16154223680496216,
-0.46683967113494873,
-1.2473013401031494,
0.11383949220180511,
0.766018271446228,
-0.48394617438316345,
-0.1992134004831314,
0.07133983075618744,
1.4315109252929688,
-1.1281744241714478,
0.5999003648757935,
-1.5686777830123901,
-0.3076026141643524,
-4.073030471801758,
0.6421723961830139,
-0.0963493213057518,
-3.326979398727417,
-0.47552990913391113,
1.7397832870483398,
-0.44915181398391724,
0.184940904378891,
-1.7089076042175293,
-0.7417518496513367,
-1.5717447996139526,
3.741583824157715,
-1.0378774404525757,
0.9129513502120972,
-1.0660713911056519,
0.5218414068222046,
-0.36202847957611084,
1.827138066291809,
-0.2315012514591217,
-0.13568541407585144,
-0.1539478451013565,
3.2638752460479736,
0.8244821429252625,
-0.2190142571926117,
-2.1195755004882812,
0.749119222164154,
-0.6415004730224609,
-0.28985828161239624,
0.011805638670921326,
-2.1221702098846436,
-0.06893324851989746,
0.32478129863739014,
-0.6910143494606018,
0.4747607111930847,
0.02825547754764557,
0.9741929173469543,
-0.9438718557357788,
-1.378862977027893,
-1.9757846593856812,
-2.657323122024536,
1.8294013738632202,
3.278984785079956,
0.20974935591220856,
-0.17855550348758698,
1.031762719154358,
-0.279424786567688,
-1.6534137725830078,
0.27396082878112793,
-0.34444552659988403,
1.7087700366973877,
-1.0195406675338745,
0.2925030291080475,
-0.04390531778335571,
-2.351550817489624,
-1.193727970123291,
-1.0948424339294434,
0.8655727505683899,
-0.5052949786186218,
-1.2592957019805908,
-1.232745885848999,
1.6693789958953857,
-1.4642679691314697,
-0.7760583162307739,
-1.7835783958435059,
1.6188645362854004,
-2.3848118782043457,
0.4126821756362915,
0.03752163052558899,
0.023932648822665215,
0.55550616979599,
-2.4184060096740723,
0.5840780735015869,
0.12267085909843445,
0.44056427478790283,
0.13793107867240906,
0.5026428699493408,
1.5629069805145264,
1.3854479789733887,
0.6659941673278809,
-0.6406286954879761,
0.5780934691429138,
1.34195876121521,
-0.4524901211261749,
-0.5770543217658997,
1.1055265665054321,
-2.4184045791625977,
0.4699869155883789,
1.3918249607086182,
1.56313955783844,
-0.09580433368682861,
0.5306017398834229,
0.4334199130535126,
0.5636264085769653,
1.1152429580688477,
-0.489896684885025,
-1.6567286252975464,
-0.4169270098209381,
0.6695185899734497,
0.7943934202194214,
-0.29005736112594604,
0.186102956533432,
-1.30832040309906,
-0.22075775265693665,
-2.236940383911133,
2.1498050689697266,
1.23707115650177,
-0.03568233549594879,
-0.7304283380508423,
-1.476020097732544,
0.6822515726089478,
-0.7701555490493774,
2.44966197013855,
1.8538286685943604,
-1.2210723161697388,
-0.31085142493247986,
-2.142960786819458,
-1.0846307277679443,
0.1916375607252121,
0.7557933926582336,
1.7064173221588135,
0.595632791519165,
-0.5021198987960815,
-2.7304201126098633,
0.7875357270240784,
-1.515851616859436,
-0.3632926344871521,
0.46112263202667236,
2.0123233795166016,
0.31208789348602295,
1.4827635288238525,
1.5934447050094604,
0.8874857425689697,
-1.535745620727539,
1.3179988861083984,
-1.3520792722702026,
1.2587183713912964,
0.8231419920921326,
0.7284296154975891,
1.626117467880249,
-0.5955610275268555,
0.33186477422714233,
-0.7864277958869934,
-1.7710754871368408,
-1.1084022521972656,
2.9930851459503174,
-1.520153284072876,
0.023143380880355835,
-0.4020374119281769,
-1.000135898590088,
1.7885688543319702,
-1.8629244565963745,
0.2356467843055725,
-0.3266017436981201,
-0.7954566478729248,
0.9243960380554199,
0.29965612292289734,
-0.1654309332370758,
1.5142409801483154,
-2.02473783493042,
-0.39845919609069824,
-0.5366875529289246,
-2.3260819911956787,
2.431652545928955,
-3.7147445678710938,
1.080125093460083,
0.9649398922920227,
-2.9580295085906982,
0.10234978795051575,
-3.6267483234405518,
-2.1454100608825684,
1.1799745559692383,
-3.051647424697876,
-0.5876848697662354,
0.8067055940628052,
-1.8057446479797363,
1.8480660915374756,
-2.694047689437866,
0.018338292837142944,
2.673218011856079,
0.06277238577604294,
2.6607537269592285,
-0.43384239077568054,
-1.712925910949707,
0.5850477814674377,
1.6933540105819702,
-0.3451288342475891,
0.7515996694564819,
-1.063951015472412,
0.323745459318161,
0.02137497067451477,
1.3644071817398071,
1.8168985843658447,
-2.068179130554199,
-4.602535724639893,
-2.197521686553955,
2.0408623218536377,
-0.6779133677482605,
2.364635467529297,
-1.7288107872009277,
0.7986153960227966,
-1.7238643169403076,
0.04552450776100159,
-0.6763685941696167,
0.20383982360363007,
-1.1876752376556396,
-0.3273979127407074,
-1.4485669136047363,
0.6772008538246155,
0.3300243616104126,
-0.26444554328918457,
0.9440813064575195,
1.0555510520935059,
2.2472822666168213,
-0.43310225009918213,
0.9648879766464233,
0.5777521729469299,
-0.6985185742378235,
-2.131579637527466,
-3.4210259914398193,
1.6653531789779663,
-0.5439326763153076,
-1.0168179273605347,
2.204770565032959,
0.6684948801994324,
1.0943950414657593,
-1.897257924079895,
0.28759127855300903,
-0.7372981905937195,
-1.0986230373382568,
-2.7510530948638916,
0.5524122714996338,
1.3399651050567627,
0.20221787691116333,
-0.3436346650123596,
0.5789154171943665,
-0.9628384709358215,
-0.39932477474212646,
-1.0313001871109009,
0.6400026082992554,
0.310599148273468,
1.6876312494277954,
-0.8162466883659363,
-0.5426384210586548,
0.3911341428756714,
-1.4014519453048706,
-1.8424081802368164,
1.3643748760223389,
0.8954640626907349,
1.1981618404388428,
-1.1280949115753174,
-2.5113863945007324,
0.4833247661590576,
-0.8507677316665649,
0.9030558466911316,
-0.09275852143764496,
0.28333932161331177,
2.5279200077056885,
-0.06836564838886261,
0.10772158950567245,
2.341681718826294,
-0.37084734439849854,
-0.03977781534194946,
1.6458675861358643,
2.8633852005004883,
-1.376710057258606,
2.2658731937408447,
0.47950994968414307,
0.920057475566864,
-1.960005521774292,
-1.415579080581665,
-0.16235505044460297,
0.14712825417518616,
1.8078653812408447,
-0.9023454189300537,
-1.0338327884674072,
-0.4451589584350586,
-0.3816225826740265,
-0.5763154029846191,
0.009846299886703491,
0.5790318250656128,
-1.6210885047912598,
-0.10300356149673462,
-1.047656774520874,
1.3505587577819824,
-0.4729297161102295,
-0.35765597224235535,
-1.217004418373108,
0.9228795766830444,
0.8330327272415161,
0.7396048307418823,
-0.37396129965782166,
-1.6313347816467285,
-0.8781272172927856,
0.19461390376091003,
-0.6191690564155579,
-0.004624992609024048,
-0.8930484056472778,
-0.4025901257991791,
1.0329991579055786,
4.031928062438965,
0.5658295750617981,
-1.5706290006637573,
0.02100461721420288,
-0.4301522374153137,
1.0190329551696777,
-0.6544092893600464,
0.507814347743988,
0.012168526649475098,
1.6080148220062256,
-3.1387064456939697,
-0.7888527512550354,
2.070596933364868,
0.5622088313102722,
1.4699087142944336,
1.3656656742095947,
0.7566956281661987,
0.7466815114021301,
-1.6793217658996582,
-1.6342684030532837,
0.6396294832229614,
1.2308131456375122,
0.13776464760303497,
0.2873154878616333,
0.35031500458717346,
0.48807984590530396,
-0.24394546449184418,
-1.1475845575332642,
2.7097599506378174,
2.212235450744629,
1.3199619054794312,
2.6772348880767822,
2.1551613807678223
] |
how many degrees of the fov (in human sight) is color? | is color generally only "recorded" by the fovea? if not, how large is the area where we sense color in terms of size of cell structure, and more importantly: how many degrees of vision does this constitute? | you get colour vision outside of the fovea, though how far out depends on what you're discriminating and how big it is. [this article](_url_0_) cites work that finds colour discrimination as far as 90° out: > they found that subjects could detect chromatic bars out to at least 50° on the nasal horizontal meridian, and temporal chromatic contrast out to at least 90° on the temporal horizontal meridian. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3953765"
] | [
0.2592298686504364,
0.654295802116394,
0.22613775730133057,
0.24241426587104797,
-1.253072738647461,
-0.21144992113113403,
-0.4669339060783386,
-0.812248170375824,
1.145979642868042,
-0.10056203603744507,
0.3273106813430786,
-0.8736296892166138,
0.28628358244895935,
-0.4594593346118927,
-0.08288458734750748,
0.4413394331932068,
0.37927550077438354,
0.8828424215316772,
-1.3588497638702393,
-0.1458699256181717,
1.2001988887786865,
-0.3459551930427551,
-0.9887114763259888,
-0.4803481698036194,
1.3079694509506226,
-0.6577976942062378,
0.842929482460022,
0.5525013208389282,
0.8852627277374268,
-0.3997570276260376,
-1.386187195777893,
0.4831058382987976,
-0.8685925602912903,
-0.47551673650741577,
-0.0338643342256546,
-0.7830263376235962,
0.6677931547164917,
0.6493657231330872,
0.5634381771087646,
0.4582628607749939,
0.6385173201560974,
0.9303767085075378,
0.09512403607368469,
1.2043399810791016,
0.49195045232772827,
1.8140783309936523,
0.522494912147522,
0.07025519013404846,
-0.8065956830978394,
0.4744209945201874,
-0.5141498446464539,
-0.6006892919540405,
-0.8895824551582336,
0.5196766257286072,
-1.5039699077606201,
1.0299218893051147,
-0.36081674695014954,
-0.3715486526489258,
0.8079223036766052,
-0.48725625872612,
0.4993077516555786,
-0.06979414820671082,
0.04080328345298767,
0.5123558044433594,
1.2782824039459229,
0.3918549120426178,
-1.2582695484161377,
-0.9522632956504822,
-0.2776835560798645,
-0.5887200236320496,
0.44430747628211975,
-0.82014000415802,
-0.5282066464424133,
-0.3019851744174957,
0.8146440982818604,
-1.3133087158203125,
0.3458918631076813,
1.775625467300415,
-1.1764743328094482,
-1.2527981996536255,
1.2919425964355469,
1.5905238389968872,
0.46355175971984863,
0.9681835174560547,
1.052126169204712,
0.4387340545654297,
-0.20002031326293945,
1.0828711986541748,
-0.6156938076019287,
-0.7011159658432007,
1.210998773574829,
-0.755574107170105,
-0.9832290410995483,
-0.159171000123024,
0.32928264141082764,
0.002088680863380432,
0.16556018590927124,
-1.042576551437378,
0.7372180819511414,
0.44682788848876953,
0.10528317093849182,
-0.5673465728759766,
-2.673491954803467,
0.5186577439308167,
-0.03689771890640259,
0.4264083206653595,
0.6382593512535095,
0.7509914040565491,
-0.48895904421806335,
1.0803252458572388,
0.06488960981369019,
-1.1753449440002441,
-0.32333606481552124,
-0.6936060190200806,
0.3018522262573242,
-1.081781029701233,
0.008672088384628296,
0.4990397095680237,
0.797250509262085,
0.1553732007741928,
-0.9829914569854736,
-0.4300510883331299,
-0.17362400889396667,
0.5225463509559631,
0.383152574300766,
0.36206188797950745,
0.931900143623352,
0.6244935393333435,
0.28018295764923096,
0.10712029039859772,
1.2013392448425293,
-0.3572956919670105,
0.4567335844039917,
0.18173229694366455,
-0.8591344356536865,
-1.0006781816482544,
1.0361077785491943,
0.17126630246639252,
-0.0020364373922348022,
0.5857501029968262,
-0.7474153637886047,
0.22453108429908752,
-0.21832868456840515,
-0.37499383091926575,
0.45937082171440125,
0.09322625398635864,
-0.9066605567932129,
0.019900813698768616,
-0.06430003046989441,
-1.337458848953247,
-0.2138805091381073,
-0.21457716822624207,
-1.060086727142334,
0.4999045729637146,
0.306987464427948,
0.4643620252609253,
-1.434305191040039,
0.7585063576698303,
0.27343985438346863,
0.3559211492538452,
-0.2585659325122833,
-0.49077409505844116,
-1.2032530307769775,
0.2673586308956146,
-0.07980772852897644,
0.5071115493774414,
-0.7055261135101318,
0.11461709439754486,
0.2402397245168686,
0.1760149598121643,
0.5463976860046387,
-0.2203664928674698,
0.5001940727233887,
0.9684639573097229,
-0.07852361351251602,
-0.3896191120147705,
-1.6277174949645996,
0.9934039115905762,
-0.8246700763702393,
0.4764428734779358,
-0.23992407321929932,
-0.3263721764087677,
1.2386820316314697,
0.41373687982559204,
0.60950767993927,
0.3055407702922821,
0.5036392211914062,
0.28381890058517456,
-0.5463124513626099,
0.09048983454704285,
1.2787275314331055,
-0.8580499887466431,
0.2760184407234192,
0.714285671710968,
-0.7875744700431824,
0.49750927090644836,
0.08248403668403625,
-1.6370211839675903,
-0.5604808926582336,
-0.43723705410957336,
0.8042015433311462,
0.005806058645248413,
-0.05142807960510254,
-0.13273125886917114,
-0.8181676864624023,
-0.42542991042137146,
1.4410827159881592,
0.03576844930648804,
-1.9132556915283203,
1.5264365673065186,
-0.15072496235370636,
-1.7556002140045166,
0.2884533405303955,
-1.22621750831604,
1.3723742961883545,
-0.17366629838943481,
-1.2383356094360352,
-0.5688828825950623,
-0.7170823812484741,
1.732900857925415,
-0.6809861660003662,
0.37739601731300354,
-1.0439472198486328,
-1.0511643886566162,
-0.8476241827011108,
-0.06645083427429199,
-0.8777776956558228,
0.5405558943748474,
-1.804462194442749,
0.8921442627906799,
1.4753624200820923,
1.5517702102661133,
-0.29642602801322937,
2.42219614982605,
0.8016629815101624,
-0.5607343316078186,
-0.7597976326942444,
0.5671014785766602,
0.38494622707366943,
0.7397361993789673,
0.3938731551170349,
1.9093239307403564,
-0.25350189208984375,
0.5986229181289673,
-1.3288910388946533,
-1.2559006214141846,
-1.1189574003219604,
-0.9534878730773926,
-0.632163405418396,
1.3543248176574707,
0.3066706955432892,
-1.2417407035827637,
-0.8196686506271362,
-0.7665408253669739,
-2.2854018211364746,
-0.6753973960876465,
-1.2751874923706055,
-0.12694063782691956,
-0.2560116648674011,
0.622704267501831,
0.6220371723175049,
-1.540088176727295,
-1.3880869150161743,
0.20485588908195496,
0.5600813627243042,
1.2610573768615723,
1.6915711164474487,
1.1703177690505981,
0.29434043169021606,
0.0828981027007103,
-0.41428595781326294,
-0.004286500625312328,
-1.9760690927505493,
0.6139687299728394,
0.7387280464172363,
-0.05728661268949509,
0.7058988809585571,
-0.24900047481060028,
0.003627568483352661,
-1.5520681142807007,
-1.4039933681488037,
-0.2036786526441574,
0.05835537612438202,
0.3490105867385864,
0.035949960350990295,
-0.9543337821960449,
-0.7190675735473633,
-0.37218886613845825,
1.6917839050292969,
0.31075531244277954,
1.2782788276672363,
0.7533662915229797,
1.1955386400222778,
0.842858076095581,
1.1662697792053223,
0.02590254694223404,
-0.40944766998291016,
-2.2401299476623535,
1.3904434442520142,
-1.3487704992294312,
1.9466643333435059,
1.0345919132232666,
-0.5812069177627563,
-0.6267006397247314,
-1.3102986812591553,
0.01920119673013687,
0.03672876954078674,
0.1593017280101776,
0.9793282747268677,
-0.8953884243965149,
-1.3545316457748413,
0.1206619143486023,
0.5660558342933655,
1.8053771257400513,
-0.7135765552520752,
0.673757016658783,
-0.5728504657745361,
-0.4776826500892639,
1.4504456520080566,
0.4632873237133026,
-0.40660980343818665,
-0.25597459077835083,
-0.6766000390052795,
-0.5767556428909302,
-0.11741270124912262,
0.04017609357833862,
0.3367839753627777,
0.1586332619190216,
-1.0439199209213257,
1.2368804216384888,
-0.6256138682365417,
0.7664988040924072,
-0.5347959995269775,
0.38650041818618774,
0.5201669335365295,
0.15019138157367706,
-0.5769075155258179,
-0.2622063159942627,
0.28445515036582947,
0.0772438645362854,
0.05620594322681427,
0.8331005573272705,
1.2231569290161133,
0.40289658308029175,
0.3958280682563782,
0.7124841213226318,
-0.891945481300354,
0.8459104299545288,
-0.7843484282493591,
-1.0773125886917114,
-0.588793158531189,
1.0384389162063599,
-0.20534563064575195,
-0.10721247643232346,
-0.7823979258537292,
-0.7775005102157593,
-0.7694648504257202,
0.7235421538352966,
0.8688060641288757,
0.11294122040271759,
-0.570268988609314,
-1.340732216835022,
0.05341416597366333,
0.9217434525489807,
1.20644211769104,
1.1433861255645752,
0.9783245921134949,
0.8783739805221558,
-1.5499929189682007,
-0.10712641477584839,
-0.5584689974784851,
0.5615352392196655,
0.7196857333183289,
-0.1593191921710968,
-1.4332653284072876,
-1.9207355976104736,
0.5406240820884705,
0.8317666053771973,
-1.2891652584075928,
0.3854711055755615,
0.6210224628448486,
1.4219655990600586,
-2.473569869995117,
-0.6719784736633301
] |
how much does air resistance, drag, etc, affect theoretical calculations? | say i have a projectile. i use conservation of energy to find it's velocity and kinematics to find the time in air. i calculate exactly how far it will land. now, this of course doesn't account for friction. how much would something like this be affected by friction? how accurate are these "theoretical" calculations? | it depends entirely on what it is that is flying and how fast it is going. if it is large and light or moving very fast then your "theoretical" calculations are practically meaningless. imagine how far a balloon flies when you throw it as hard as you can for example. on the other hand if you throw something dense like a rock relatively slowly your "theoretical" calculations are likely accurate to within a couple percent. tl;dr - dense, slow moving objects are very close while light and/or fast objects are no where in the ball park of the "theoretical" calculations. | 12 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.2932341694831848,
0.3792468011379242,
-1.0713216066360474,
0.39883953332901,
0.12298694252967834,
-1.808725357055664,
0.7687491178512573,
1.0842781066894531,
1.0388624668121338,
0.1800081431865692,
0.09027707576751709,
0.6431527137756348,
-0.40186572074890137,
0.5539745092391968,
0.5366179347038269,
-0.11392747610807419,
-0.29878848791122437,
-0.05676370859146118,
-3.444725275039673,
0.40505826473236084,
1.835373878479004,
0.06424058228731155,
0.47708866000175476,
0.24363312125205994,
-0.37113627791404724,
1.053890347480774,
0.7534289956092834,
-0.3892696499824524,
0.5204892754554749,
-1.246700406074524,
-1.2451062202453613,
0.6270145773887634,
-0.7828119993209839,
-0.31466734409332275,
-0.9562826156616211,
0.3323950469493866,
0.025184620171785355,
0.04234634339809418,
0.3439657688140869,
-0.15083912014961243,
-0.41246265172958374,
-0.41120994091033936,
0.5236839056015015,
1.0136456489562988,
0.6422535181045532,
2.141270160675049,
0.6849108934402466,
0.7146474719047546,
-0.5031906962394714,
-0.5910099744796753,
-2.2930755615234375,
-0.210855633020401,
-0.0727095901966095,
-1.265872836112976,
0.8759860396385193,
0.35094788670539856,
1.0421923398971558,
-2.2675395011901855,
0.6969120502471924,
-1.4377484321594238,
-0.09336575865745544,
0.4177156984806061,
0.3872377276420593,
-0.4138050973415375,
1.8945534229278564,
-0.36162376403808594,
0.1776338815689087,
-0.9186343550682068,
-1.2381364107131958,
1.0336854457855225,
-0.6173437833786011,
0.43330806493759155,
-1.253808856010437,
0.21235108375549316,
1.177663803100586,
-0.5396884679794312,
-0.27400079369544983,
1.1824498176574707,
-0.07149175554513931,
1.485980749130249,
1.1223506927490234,
-1.9321368932724,
-1.7762610912322998,
-0.1287134885787964,
-0.5881352424621582,
1.3068506717681885,
0.9571180939674377,
0.9655142426490784,
1.513694167137146,
-1.0022906064987183,
-0.5402530431747437,
-1.0953688621520996,
-3.1965830326080322,
0.7017173171043396,
0.25312140583992004,
1.3515241146087646,
0.5844559669494629,
-2.379927396774292,
0.23935039341449738,
0.284233421087265,
-0.8679671883583069,
0.9537215828895569,
-0.1277468353509903,
0.8512076139450073,
-0.44035178422927856,
-0.5859408974647522,
0.6441681385040283,
1.002894401550293,
1.3121203184127808,
-0.14698314666748047,
-0.03435361385345459,
-0.9849948883056641,
0.46129655838012695,
-0.23028618097305298,
-0.35541611909866333,
-0.20039352774620056,
-0.37451446056365967,
0.07145775854587555,
-1.3921310901641846,
-0.9097671508789062,
-1.018925428390503,
-0.25596797466278076,
0.6010842323303223,
0.6299871206283569,
0.17972710728645325,
-0.41163867712020874,
-0.43248453736305237,
0.2956847846508026,
0.07333821803331375,
0.2801602780818939,
0.917188286781311,
-0.8458085060119629,
-0.6245706677436829,
-1.5756027698516846,
-0.9141422510147095,
0.33867090940475464,
2.36458683013916,
0.6627141237258911,
-1.0767619609832764,
0.6301249861717224,
0.25919193029403687,
2.2843568325042725,
0.4907945394515991,
-1.128558874130249,
0.6989016532897949,
0.4744665026664734,
-0.4450762867927551,
0.3815661072731018,
0.3662756085395813,
-2.2026379108428955,
-0.9091830849647522,
-1.50144624710083,
0.15692493319511414,
-0.16811403632164001,
0.2567152678966522,
-0.3379562199115753,
1.0268034934997559,
0.6668583154678345,
0.21168410778045654,
0.6354883313179016,
-1.4106204509735107,
0.5592484474182129,
0.6297606825828552,
0.4816482663154602,
-0.966740071773529,
0.947411835193634,
0.10771897435188293,
-1.0910829305648804,
-0.039621949195861816,
1.2911734580993652,
0.031972914934158325,
0.4798101782798767,
-0.044243499636650085,
0.3622473478317261,
0.6214666366577148,
0.3056296408176422,
-2.418952465057373,
-0.5803771615028381,
0.45626747608184814,
1.0710922479629517,
0.38189375400543213,
0.7524176836013794,
3.788144826889038,
0.945964515209198,
0.6201120615005493,
-0.6220701336860657,
0.9664580821990967,
0.9780147075653076,
0.4245842397212982,
0.9411072731018066,
-1.5103312730789185,
-0.3274141550064087,
-0.6694728136062622,
0.6854398250579834,
-1.8268678188323975,
1.082517147064209,
0.5141981840133667,
-0.7611919641494751,
0.5852135419845581,
0.8787278532981873,
-0.4437883794307709,
-1.1507209539413452,
1.0268596410751343,
-0.9550942182540894,
0.5044885277748108,
-0.6334425806999207,
0.22856760025024414,
-0.771282434463501,
-0.7356865406036377,
0.7361363768577576,
-0.21060572564601898,
-3.734490394592285,
-2.3026039600372314,
0.27546173334121704,
0.19062432646751404,
0.5756840705871582,
-1.5186973810195923,
-1.8914166688919067,
-1.820947289466858,
0.7650994062423706,
-0.3804478049278259,
-0.6150667071342468,
-0.25953423976898193,
-1.3332535028457642,
-0.6084256768226624,
-1.5356444120407104,
-0.39562344551086426,
1.7166255712509155,
0.7001417875289917,
1.3334308862686157,
1.0811774730682373,
-0.9636000394821167,
1.616631269454956,
0.490794837474823,
-0.9874367117881775,
-1.1336956024169922,
-1.5037840604782104,
1.0404560565948486,
1.7381207942962646,
-1.5895016193389893,
-0.7187139987945557,
-1.1858476400375366,
0.5592911839485168,
1.2381919622421265,
0.06406083703041077,
0.010830521583557129,
-0.029147520661354065,
-0.7367931604385376,
0.3204185962677002,
1.1813595294952393,
-0.3727840185165405,
-0.026996880769729614,
-1.9182724952697754,
0.7005056142807007,
-0.022253692150115967,
-0.3672497868537903,
0.4442921578884125,
-0.2404887080192566,
-1.1957463026046753,
-0.012332677841186523,
1.037502408027649,
-0.603813886642456,
0.5817309021949768,
-1.9509259462356567,
0.6618008613586426,
1.0345709323883057,
0.6357793211936951,
-0.1902138739824295,
-0.33742964267730713,
-0.5904417634010315,
-0.27061542868614197,
-0.18503400683403015,
0.1804104447364807,
-0.7521253824234009,
1.7115710973739624,
-0.2972315847873688,
-0.4667908549308777,
-0.08488023281097412,
-0.7483575344085693,
0.19416601955890656,
-0.6983869671821594,
-1.5299692153930664,
0.6950458288192749,
-0.19919456541538239,
-1.231020450592041,
-0.24621425569057465,
0.1933615356683731,
-0.16780783236026764,
0.46833300590515137,
-0.05574556812644005,
0.19758641719818115,
1.1199698448181152,
0.7103575468063354,
0.35558050870895386,
0.2299724519252777,
1.582450032234192,
-0.5848708748817444,
0.8717350363731384,
-0.053102608770132065,
-0.1479131579399109,
0.5301761627197266,
0.8650985360145569,
-0.7410173416137695,
-0.2862817049026489,
-0.30594775080680847,
0.5338141322135925,
0.820104718208313,
0.1480734497308731,
-1.0464727878570557,
-0.7840604782104492,
-1.02850341796875,
-2.469053268432617,
0.22412541508674622,
1.2622618675231934,
-0.42931073904037476,
0.6697210073471069,
-0.015873238444328308,
1.6715667247772217,
0.338952898979187,
0.30876457691192627,
0.25878027081489563,
-0.35545939207077026,
1.2816929817199707,
0.4685017168521881,
-0.05058544874191284,
1.0223817825317383,
1.644961953163147,
-0.6239498853683472,
-0.36997395753860474,
-0.6222964525222778,
-0.3192848265171051,
-0.33882230520248413,
0.8634493947029114,
1.2078111171722412,
0.3398723006248474,
0.478705495595932,
-1.1111527681350708,
-1.0127763748168945,
-0.9365439414978027,
1.2432142496109009,
-0.08473101258277893,
0.5240245461463928,
0.3934147357940674,
0.6964434385299683,
1.1981077194213867,
-0.3749088644981384,
-0.326810359954834,
0.134616419672966,
-1.266062617301941,
-0.43240469694137573,
-0.9023112058639526,
0.9724191427230835,
0.9156341552734375,
0.9436085224151611,
0.3306969702243805,
-1.0885826349258423,
0.09729807078838348,
0.6921432018280029,
-0.7758978009223938,
0.43164950609207153,
0.4576467275619507,
0.3398882746696472,
-1.3191183805465698,
1.2854818105697632,
1.1223764419555664,
0.8116186261177063,
-0.44028931856155396,
-1.965429425239563,
-0.9076040983200073,
1.6283491849899292,
0.9383306503295898,
2.928393840789795,
0.06321647763252258,
-1.0290114879608154,
1.388612985610962,
0.5183851718902588,
-1.1607680320739746,
-0.1637742817401886,
-2.4393796920776367,
-0.7420313358306885,
0.16713446378707886,
1.5317707061767578,
0.5509061217308044,
0.624683678150177
] |
calcium channels... what does "q" stand for in q-type? l=long lasting, r=resistant, n=neurotranmitter, and p=purkinje...but i can't find the meaning of q! | i will attempt to answer this as i think the original nomenclature was designated "q" because it fell just after "p" in the alphabet. as you mention, the p type ca2+ channel was discovered because it was in high concentrations in purkinje neurons and thusly labeled in 1989. as scientists continued to discover different calcium channels, the above labels began to emerge, just as you mention. however, in 1995 randal et al started to describe a disparity of the p type calcium channel that varied its voltage response to funnel web spider venom. randal and tsien then labeled this variant "q" (no apparent reason given). as more research was done, it was discovered that both the p and q type calcium channels arose from the same gene and only post-transcriptional splicing caused the differences(_url_2_) if you are interested. here is an article written by the co-author(tsien) of the 1995 paper detailing the history of calcium channel discovery(_url_0_) sources: randall et al 1995 paper: _url_1_ tsien history of ca channel: _url_0_ also: i am an md tl; dr it was after p in the alphabet. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6465/#A32920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7722641",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional_modification"
] | [
-3.3469111919403076,
-0.04311838746070862,
-0.5855083465576172,
0.11768651008605957,
-1.9630407094955444,
-0.8537788391113281,
0.6252132654190063,
1.5309960842132568,
2.068235397338867,
0.0680580586194992,
1.9674956798553467,
0.677943766117096,
-0.43494611978530884,
0.1022346019744873,
-1.9822502136230469,
-1.185754418373108,
-4.990594387054443,
-1.2168980836868286,
0.5492293834686279,
1.3338979482650757,
2.460329294204712,
1.1358847618103027,
-0.20699426531791687,
0.2522120177745819,
-1.228759527206421,
-0.12699028849601746,
1.3572590351104736,
0.8447824120521545,
1.822108268737793,
-0.731504499912262,
-1.3217381238937378,
2.494838237762451,
-0.816586971282959,
-0.9982665777206421,
0.6901366710662842,
0.032230496406555176,
-0.08161455392837524,
0.39135539531707764,
0.8091742992401123,
-0.20497453212738037,
1.9349796772003174,
0.22502848505973816,
0.2754046618938446,
2.263869285583496,
-1.2188414335250854,
2.4907920360565186,
1.9735814332962036,
0.5427232980728149,
-1.4504163265228271,
-0.5004134178161621,
0.11189429461956024,
0.11618055403232574,
-1.4493041038513184,
1.071408987045288,
-0.6571999788284302,
-0.8825136423110962,
-1.5802123546600342,
1.4567935466766357,
0.4738312065601349,
-0.950487494468689,
-0.35211366415023804,
0.10050332546234131,
-1.983393907546997,
1.511237382888794,
-0.1524789035320282,
1.1285834312438965,
-1.262394905090332,
-0.45024171471595764,
-0.3128024935722351,
-0.6982622742652893,
-1.0326040983200073,
-0.11667349934577942,
-0.6312118768692017,
1.6772568225860596,
0.9651991128921509,
0.0638154149055481,
-0.8994706869125366,
2.0884997844696045,
-2.288301944732666,
-1.0942779779434204,
1.6195027828216553,
0.6033690571784973,
0.07106626033782959,
0.9558928608894348,
1.1518558263778687,
2.484910249710083,
0.10504835098981857,
-0.8586735129356384,
0.7324762344360352,
-0.6302760243415833,
1.1293553113937378,
-1.1202048063278198,
1.7985589504241943,
0.5850569009780884,
0.570303201675415,
1.788318157196045,
0.004339657723903656,
-1.0526541471481323,
2.1372203826904297,
0.2054668515920639,
0.05679139494895935,
2.124866008758545,
-3.6271109580993652,
0.25241512060165405,
0.7210316061973572,
-1.6399812698364258,
0.20996034145355225,
0.8332838416099548,
2.132887840270996,
0.07033766806125641,
-0.564228355884552,
-0.46511197090148926,
1.3439255952835083,
-1.384948492050171,
1.0116990804672241,
-0.12965820729732513,
-0.37578994035720825,
0.09555664658546448,
0.8788248896598816,
-0.2402767539024353,
-2.1389362812042236,
-2.1431491374969482,
-2.2157115936279297,
0.45639920234680176,
-0.5878105163574219,
1.7368748188018799,
-0.6626406311988831,
2.1717841625213623,
0.7783130407333374,
0.34490421414375305,
0.725853443145752,
-1.2765456438064575,
-0.1440342664718628,
0.3923005163669586,
0.4709358215332031,
-2.6323893070220947,
-1.3169394731521606,
-2.101395606994629,
-2.170417308807373,
-1.5384831428527832,
-1.106701135635376,
-0.6123138070106506,
0.034154146909713745,
0.5001554489135742,
-1.6392942667007446,
0.5906376242637634,
0.13275748491287231,
-0.23903419077396393,
0.28088027238845825,
0.7143630981445312,
-0.7387173175811768,
-1.0043408870697021,
0.8979614973068237,
1.3453888893127441,
-0.7602717876434326,
-1.5986278057098389,
1.056686520576477,
0.634230375289917,
0.3558289110660553,
0.040570955723524094,
-1.0512545108795166,
-0.02571089193224907,
1.3248276710510254,
2.630971908569336,
1.3118945360183716,
-0.8026913404464722,
-0.740363597869873,
-1.3059686422348022,
3.245002508163452,
0.4290233254432678,
0.8672347068786621,
-0.2818303108215332,
-0.13534213602542877,
-0.9375078678131104,
-2.306802988052368,
-1.229539394378662,
-0.23178386688232422,
-0.45640817284584045,
0.3021489977836609,
2.1722044944763184,
-2.2904295921325684,
-0.7971740961074829,
2.0618011951446533,
-0.005415886640548706,
-2.5946295261383057,
0.8541171550750732,
-1.552930235862732,
1.192950963973999,
0.3066912889480591,
2.483366012573242,
1.4373832941055298,
2.478860378265381,
0.17479659616947174,
-0.3451673090457916,
-2.6095497608184814,
-1.2366116046905518,
2.6131365299224854,
-0.28429001569747925,
-2.0826265811920166,
-1.8057892322540283,
0.6718846559524536,
-0.6767488718032837,
-0.01763591170310974,
0.5512667894363403,
-1.6920764446258545,
-1.76504647731781,
1.3259680271148682,
0.4153524339199066,
-3.011746883392334,
-0.45082852244377136,
-0.11061625182628632,
-0.3402519226074219,
-1.286820888519287,
-2.419797897338867,
1.3231148719787598,
-0.7549132704734802,
-0.3145543336868286,
-1.5650200843811035,
1.3358441591262817,
1.6489531993865967,
-1.3660167455673218,
-0.23251831531524658,
-1.8576955795288086,
-0.7893449664115906,
-0.8478712439537048,
-0.2528422176837921,
-0.11926417052745819,
0.8194213509559631,
-2.864777088165283,
-0.5010494589805603,
-0.8121564984321594,
0.6642401218414307,
4.571573734283447,
0.6889498829841614,
4.362402439117432,
0.6460328698158264,
1.3598779439926147,
0.6025035381317139,
2.3563385009765625,
0.1518954336643219,
-1.665932536125183,
-0.29458802938461304,
-0.4939024746417999,
0.566710889339447,
-3.05293345451355,
-2.6021738052368164,
-0.5908771753311157,
-0.06405342370271683,
0.8349979519844055,
0.8088185787200928,
1.4541797637939453,
0.530189573764801,
-0.31323716044425964,
1.643963098526001,
0.5845349431037903,
-0.4282926321029663,
-3.448784828186035,
-0.7209682464599609,
-0.8603416681289673,
0.7872599363327026,
2.156418800354004,
-1.2604527473449707,
-0.26609480381011963,
-2.7412779331207275,
1.7781610488891602,
0.8217031359672546,
1.9151633977890015,
1.9891197681427002,
-1.4113671779632568,
0.026209518313407898,
1.2584770917892456,
0.07213270664215088,
-0.4019348621368408,
1.060546636581421,
3.1523141860961914,
1.1325777769088745,
0.8105483055114746,
-1.970611333847046,
-0.6006431579589844,
-0.15106382966041565,
0.11968562006950378,
0.8626284003257751,
-1.6588997840881348,
0.10006467252969742,
-0.7771991491317749,
-0.681524395942688,
-1.6535593271255493,
-2.9307618141174316,
0.29953327775001526,
-0.8676302433013916,
0.17036233842372894,
1.0041818618774414,
0.8973444104194641,
-0.8442698121070862,
3.399165153503418,
2.0725784301757812,
-1.2422302961349487,
-1.5463324785232544,
-0.15819700062274933,
-0.9108068346977234,
-2.3333749771118164,
0.007624231278896332,
-2.344109535217285,
1.5388896465301514,
-1.6063804626464844,
2.5129432678222656,
-0.20949199795722961,
0.3810223937034607,
1.5837849378585815,
-1.5717990398406982,
1.133551836013794,
0.7079215049743652,
-0.6923952102661133,
1.3891243934631348,
0.6660906672477722,
0.024788223206996918,
-2.1532492637634277,
1.7294549942016602,
2.0831499099731445,
1.8406202793121338,
1.3719727993011475,
-0.8479848504066467,
-3.9326443672180176,
0.030835673213005066,
1.3797099590301514,
0.5718435645103455,
-0.6558507680892944,
-1.374647855758667,
-1.7152868509292603,
0.750678300857544,
-1.2680357694625854,
3.1525473594665527,
0.5145546793937683,
0.33946600556373596,
2.513237476348877,
-0.0209929421544075,
-1.7343084812164307,
-1.4348652362823486,
-0.6751908659934998,
-0.812920868396759,
-1.637563943862915,
0.8466777801513672,
1.5799084901809692,
0.5143913626670837,
-0.01947997510433197,
0.01691337674856186,
1.039433240890503,
-0.43880409002304077,
-2.8239328861236572,
-0.7248024344444275,
0.0829039216041565,
2.464968204498291,
-0.18748217821121216,
-1.2719513177871704,
0.29580724239349365,
1.0071519613265991,
0.03000923991203308,
-0.8834818601608276,
1.4186538457870483,
-0.5220910906791687,
-1.0278650522232056,
-1.5329346656799316,
0.22225996851921082,
3.481623649597168,
-0.42424046993255615,
2.390744924545288,
-1.102851152420044,
0.9301912784576416,
0.28256791830062866,
-1.3392202854156494,
-0.2578558325767517,
2.034398317337036,
1.2767308950424194,
-2.270855188369751,
-0.25414857268333435,
-1.723936676979065,
-2.02651047706604,
0.7381618022918701,
-4.121111869812012,
-0.6715822219848633,
0.08009286224842072,
2.6476597785949707,
2.6853911876678467,
-0.9019478559494019
] |
|
could a place like black mesa (from half-life) really exist? | given the resources that the earth had in the year 1998, and assuming that black mesa had already been around a few years before that already, would it actually be humanly possible for a facility like black mesa to really exist? i'm meaning this question to be about size, not experiments. if so, is there already a place like this in existence? | us government national labs feel pretty close. they're not quite that huge but the number of just off the wall awesome experiments being conducted make them feel a bit like either black mesa or aperture type of things could be going on. los alamos national lab has lots of secret stuff going on, many things concerning the us nuclear weapons program. i imagine the the large hadron collider would feel a bit like black mesa, aside from being in different terrain. it is freakin huge... i've never been there but its sheer scale is breathtaking. | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.0553231239318848,
-0.14433088898658752,
-0.3539928197860718,
0.3911009132862091,
0.46407270431518555,
-1.4348323345184326,
-0.798540472984314,
0.3096160292625427,
0.42134901881217957,
-0.5855438709259033,
-0.6040880680084229,
-0.17599064111709595,
0.060153938829898834,
-0.5851173400878906,
-0.13941529393196106,
-1.0139511823654175,
1.0345458984375,
-2.0662784576416016,
-0.911874532699585,
0.06342945992946625,
-0.5172989368438721,
-0.057104479521512985,
0.41759198904037476,
0.7377808094024658,
-0.06055861711502075,
-0.06528948247432709,
-0.52303546667099,
0.11074566841125488,
-0.21066054701805115,
-1.4003710746765137,
-0.06798803806304932,
0.5700283050537109,
0.08153943717479706,
-0.035916298627853394,
0.3132896423339844,
1.207515001296997,
0.8140805959701538,
-0.6776138544082642,
-0.6350626945495605,
0.10371345281600952,
-0.3569002151489258,
-0.1280701458454132,
0.6433286070823669,
1.605119228363037,
0.23180070519447327,
1.039902925491333,
0.7344745397567749,
-1.4011105298995972,
-0.6390912532806396,
0.38661399483680725,
0.8783611059188843,
-1.0584648847579956,
0.8911332488059998,
-1.3480195999145508,
-0.5780892372131348,
-0.78988116979599,
0.7365169525146484,
-1.3477473258972168,
0.14672064781188965,
0.4436608850955963,
0.903557300567627,
-0.06700140237808228,
-0.30311962962150574,
0.2129782885313034,
1.9273039102554321,
0.6268064975738525,
0.450408935546875,
-0.933569610118866,
0.4849386513233185,
-0.01798093318939209,
0.7406322956085205,
-0.8558863401412964,
-0.9406372904777527,
-1.0309609174728394,
0.4473187327384949,
0.6794017553329468,
0.6964825391769409,
0.75071120262146,
0.5741934180259705,
-0.09903174638748169,
1.2074052095413208,
-0.4217884838581085,
-0.4858037233352661,
-0.48875144124031067,
0.6358445286750793,
0.162722647190094,
-0.3684327304363251,
0.542340874671936,
0.19823457300662994,
-0.4273802638053894,
-0.30603155493736267,
0.21591109037399292,
-0.2635347247123718,
-0.3441300690174103,
0.053831711411476135,
1.3938201665878296,
0.4550629258155823,
-0.09796977043151855,
0.9631954431533813,
-0.014193646609783173,
0.7162039875984192,
0.4457746744155884,
-1.0117886066436768,
-0.4970066547393799,
-1.065809726715088,
0.19543690979480743,
0.00844058021903038,
1.3322947025299072,
0.18382450938224792,
-0.2377133071422577,
0.18227578699588776,
0.8396377563476562,
0.6195511221885681,
-1.4282785654067993,
-0.3011009693145752,
-0.8283483982086182,
-1.288256287574768,
1.4179902076721191,
-0.659477174282074,
-1.2116115093231201,
-0.5060229301452637,
-0.2534007430076599,
-0.5382922887802124,
0.31875601410865784,
0.9346705675125122,
0.4044573903083801,
-0.5193530321121216,
1.2886297702789307,
0.2448452115058899,
0.2541009187698364,
-0.001213863492012024,
-0.49282538890838623,
0.7357673645019531,
-0.244405135512352,
-0.644853949546814,
-0.582316517829895,
-0.02414354681968689,
1.2948575019836426,
-0.6253151297569275,
1.5558890104293823,
-0.6168370842933655,
-0.19714146852493286,
1.9798905849456787,
-1.5140317678451538,
0.23245751857757568,
1.4433331489562988,
-1.0826935768127441,
0.6257666349411011,
0.305162638425827,
-0.6258185505867004,
-0.2005174160003662,
0.8894239068031311,
2.2978873252868652,
0.35085755586624146,
-0.09763678908348083,
0.8874632120132446,
-1.4782716035842896,
0.29167047142982483,
-0.013119131326675415,
1.2079362869262695,
-0.5639067888259888,
-0.15043917298316956,
-0.1976315975189209,
0.6811079382896423,
-0.13190925121307373,
0.09386107325553894,
-0.9689638614654541,
-1.0179755687713623,
0.21248629689216614,
0.6429198980331421,
-1.2751896381378174,
0.7499939203262329,
0.9626097679138184,
0.35423368215560913,
-0.1019894927740097,
-0.5575177669525146,
-1.145638108253479,
-0.09233177453279495,
-0.08420045673847198,
0.2629542052745819,
-0.16120606660842896,
0.12719902396202087,
1.06961190700531,
1.7309095859527588,
0.5690393447875977,
-0.9335818886756897,
0.6076564788818359,
0.560712456703186,
0.36481013894081116,
-0.24206943809986115,
-0.7502442002296448,
-0.16032372415065765,
1.249368667602539,
-0.45120733976364136,
-0.8222492933273315,
1.756454586982727,
-0.16125616431236267,
-0.10567039251327515,
-0.48513180017471313,
1.040840744972229,
-0.4150357246398926,
-2.99678111076355,
-0.43510544300079346,
0.08165138959884644,
-0.53067547082901,
-0.23687446117401123,
0.6909617185592651,
0.568783700466156,
-1.3757593631744385,
0.6993808746337891,
0.9039357304573059,
-1.3674064874649048,
0.44124314188957214,
0.6676037311553955,
0.696661114692688,
-1.0433679819107056,
-1.931718111038208,
-0.6228861212730408,
-1.2277454137802124,
0.3771231174468994,
1.5067651271820068,
-0.6064542531967163,
-0.03357681632041931,
-1.4308850765228271,
-0.33957022428512573,
-1.231116533279419,
0.5799328088760376,
0.5329878926277161,
0.5123002529144287,
0.5301674008369446,
0.5628710985183716,
1.5752193927764893,
-1.5410234928131104,
1.3834831714630127,
-0.40524792671203613,
-0.06890656799077988,
1.1178326606750488,
-0.3552801012992859,
-0.45692071318626404,
-0.012934640049934387,
1.5967483520507812,
1.3830630779266357,
0.6789777278900146,
1.2093905210494995,
1.5977156162261963,
0.15459170937538147,
0.5751092433929443,
-0.3490317463874817,
-0.35056227445602417,
0.18055416643619537,
-1.9293212890625,
-1.2701728343963623,
-1.0519077777862549,
-0.8514502644538879,
-1.429744005203247,
0.22094127535820007,
-1.4062209129333496,
-0.42277371883392334,
-0.38927921652793884,
0.9621617794036865,
0.7669539451599121,
-0.7993798851966858,
-1.0331249237060547,
-1.0061025619506836,
0.41540324687957764,
0.7080654501914978,
-0.14787441492080688,
1.3086202144622803,
-0.3095077574253082,
0.21393907070159912,
-0.788526177406311,
0.3018040955066681,
-1.1468567848205566,
-1.3420556783676147,
-0.9720649719238281,
0.16716426610946655,
-0.7502043843269348,
-0.6954909563064575,
0.051594242453575134,
0.5886042714118958,
0.4185086488723755,
-0.7211557626724243,
-0.1877201795578003,
0.6299306750297546,
0.5360411405563354,
-0.6587722301483154,
-1.3027849197387695,
-0.12928837537765503,
0.265516996383667,
-0.3029056489467621,
0.7011169791221619,
1.5745460987091064,
-1.7350993156433105,
0.9344555735588074,
0.8325528502464294,
-1.1524556875228882,
-0.43998152017593384,
0.7273458242416382,
0.036085814237594604,
-0.6369478702545166,
1.15755033493042,
0.0029568076133728027,
-0.32989630103111267,
1.0421195030212402,
-0.2518567442893982,
-0.24061298370361328,
0.7025352120399475,
0.15370607376098633,
2.271449565887451,
0.5778360366821289,
-0.4667907953262329,
-1.3595534563064575,
0.3659757971763611,
1.1478471755981445,
-1.6731420755386353,
0.1377364844083786,
-0.724841833114624,
0.03621768206357956,
0.7265921831130981,
0.5446644425392151,
0.05442813038825989,
0.39486709237098694,
0.40359312295913696,
0.6770037412643433,
-0.9471489191055298,
0.21599029004573822,
0.2797548174858093,
0.8380217552185059,
-0.5690651535987854,
1.133225679397583,
-0.6578383445739746,
-0.6750891804695129,
-0.5446656942367554,
1.71329927444458,
0.4989220201969147,
2.224975347518921,
0.01255204901099205,
0.06941776722669601,
-0.8593572378158569,
0.1460580676794052,
-2.675222635269165,
-0.11544138193130493,
1.94070565700531,
0.2483612596988678,
-0.2855284810066223,
0.5690079927444458,
-0.30976206064224243,
-0.5999386310577393,
-0.5690035223960876,
0.051093220710754395,
-2.0376136302948,
-0.4817390441894531,
-0.4965541362762451,
-0.7431989908218384,
0.04548512026667595,
0.7026137113571167,
-1.5393739938735962,
0.11312136799097061,
1.047603726387024,
-1.548215389251709,
0.13001000881195068,
1.2226650714874268,
-0.08215793967247009,
2.72528076171875,
0.0753374770283699,
0.999873161315918,
-0.11653000116348267,
0.17641574144363403,
-0.6310778856277466,
0.051840245723724365,
1.5113178491592407,
-0.803601086139679,
-0.3341832160949707,
0.06185498833656311,
0.45395219326019287,
0.3090893626213074,
-0.47883516550064087,
-0.33307725191116333,
-1.2387347221374512,
1.5270237922668457,
-0.10822457075119019,
-1.8076497316360474,
-0.9314846992492676,
-0.22287428379058838
] |
how do avocados propagate in the wild? at home, the pit must remain partially submerged in water upwards of 6 weeks to germinate. | i'm growing an avocado plant from a pit, and the process requires supporting the pit in a glass of water at the proper orientation of the pit, upwards of 6 weeks, until it cracks opens, extends its taproot, and eventually sprouts upward. i found nothing implying that they grow in wetlands, where being partially submerged so long would be possible. this seems like a really niche question, so who knows who can answer...! for those interested, this [article](_url_0_) by the smithsonian talks about why the should be extinct -- the megafauna that would spread their pits no longer exist to do so. thanks! | i grew up in a mountainous avocado growing area and the sprouting wasnt a problem, we were always pulling out the seedlings. as long as it was moist and fertile ground with lots of leaf litter they had no trouble sprouting on their own. distribution is another thing altogether, besides humans there wasnt anything else that could distribute the seeds naturally | 2 | [] | [
"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/why-the-avocado-should-have-gone-the-way-of-the-dodo-4976527/?no-ist"
] | [] | [
0.08499670028686523,
0.4024701416492462,
0.15319781005382538,
0.16851720213890076,
0.9785686731338501,
-0.8212927579879761,
-0.18855765461921692,
-0.48320263624191284,
-1.0211455821990967,
0.24011379480361938,
1.1362535953521729,
0.9022323489189148,
-0.260501503944397,
0.2929500341415405,
0.15226836502552032,
0.20361776649951935,
-1.3839977979660034,
-0.8233780264854431,
-1.1560919284820557,
0.06768295913934708,
-0.09675522148609161,
-0.2771412134170532,
-0.2369605004787445,
-0.1411362737417221,
-0.4872891306877136,
0.1970187872648239,
-0.7884780168533325,
-0.33216771483421326,
0.2282060980796814,
-0.7817953824996948,
0.23848095536231995,
1.6916313171386719,
0.9294873476028442,
-0.5101741552352905,
0.24962733685970306,
0.32425257563591003,
-0.4079434275627136,
-0.6676207184791565,
1.2069746255874634,
-0.33871233463287354,
0.1493363380432129,
-0.2500990629196167,
0.3550119400024414,
-0.21870636940002441,
-0.1532185673713684,
0.5567584037780762,
0.31195563077926636,
-0.43297499418258667,
0.16956713795661926,
-0.6312007308006287,
0.6683048605918884,
-0.007045552134513855,
-0.11379305273294449,
-0.710888683795929,
-0.12223967164754868,
0.9173221588134766,
0.34974661469459534,
-0.5083070397377014,
-0.06863248348236084,
0.15064038336277008,
0.11981964111328125,
0.4686090350151062,
-0.25231608748435974,
0.09390328824520111,
0.6364001035690308,
-1.1657506227493286,
-0.3381427526473999,
0.8006904721260071,
0.8000273704528809,
0.23722900450229645,
0.8481029272079468,
0.5350391268730164,
-0.138715460896492,
0.6168113350868225,
-0.23559753596782684,
0.617483913898468,
-0.2791407108306885,
0.08592101186513901,
-0.1612866371870041,
0.08811986446380615,
-1.3250689506530762,
0.012022994458675385,
-0.5476041436195374,
-0.3688095510005951,
-1.1693251132965088,
-0.0561753585934639,
0.13926155865192413,
0.14892569184303284,
0.7679316997528076,
0.2853562533855438,
0.5906527638435364,
-0.18728215992450714,
-0.9106161594390869,
0.43425220251083374,
0.013337425887584686,
0.21580886840820312,
-0.20393207669258118,
-0.9293248653411865,
-0.6066340804100037,
-0.21961481869220734,
0.24862797558307648,
-0.5554227828979492,
0.02462911419570446,
-0.4858487844467163,
-0.5998467206954956,
0.12268976122140884,
-0.934698224067688,
0.012187540531158447,
0.6251856088638306,
1.054409146308899,
-1.0306823253631592,
0.056149400770664215,
0.47543373703956604,
0.7904794216156006,
-0.40603315830230713,
-0.5659148097038269,
0.2040032148361206,
-0.6183147430419922,
-0.35071003437042236,
0.42422226071357727,
-0.005124717950820923,
-0.20426592230796814,
0.6793535351753235,
0.0568167008459568,
-0.5904491543769836,
-0.5369117259979248,
0.2095148265361786,
0.06238073855638504,
0.5929181575775146,
-0.1072625070810318,
0.5410962104797363,
-0.20893855392932892,
-0.08115971088409424,
-0.5054747462272644,
-0.579673707485199,
-0.11227220296859741,
0.6730904579162598,
-0.1020897924900055,
-0.2247449904680252,
0.2728872299194336,
-0.6023330688476562,
-0.30140218138694763,
0.7155349850654602,
-0.6767039895057678,
-0.24945558607578278,
-0.1622486412525177,
0.9134029746055603,
0.7484407424926758,
-0.6837632656097412,
-0.6494911313056946,
-1.4842767715454102,
-1.4785516262054443,
0.047736987471580505,
-0.34986233711242676,
-0.6298215985298157,
0.0959000438451767,
-0.6842160224914551,
-0.08612272143363953,
1.631629228591919,
0.3644089698791504,
-0.8163356184959412,
0.5866430997848511,
0.6894668340682983,
-0.11524373292922974,
0.2115764617919922,
-0.8514514565467834,
-0.5673713684082031,
-0.03646934777498245,
0.563193678855896,
0.23983436822891235,
0.6582552790641785,
-0.16663268208503723,
0.131378173828125,
-0.7157374620437622,
-0.05338538438081741,
-0.11131784319877625,
-1.1239964962005615,
0.06436561048030853,
0.3833101689815521,
0.9199591875076294,
1.5785858631134033,
-0.1911686360836029,
-0.30075642466545105,
0.1664395034313202,
0.4706873893737793,
-0.20951244235038757,
-0.32705849409103394,
0.07134769856929779,
-0.32583335041999817,
0.030952047556638718,
-0.34315770864486694,
0.09899505972862244,
-0.14814187586307526,
0.33914417028427124,
-0.5589762330055237,
0.6087633371353149,
-0.09292006492614746,
0.6582709550857544,
0.13413721323013306,
-0.6077983975410461,
-0.815755307674408,
-0.34670329093933105,
-0.34689855575561523,
-0.7238997220993042,
0.6461933851242065,
0.05046531558036804,
0.1860811412334442,
-0.08611351251602173,
0.28333112597465515,
-0.0635794997215271,
-0.26659905910491943,
-0.6751325726509094,
-0.22860416769981384,
0.07934027910232544,
-0.10713756084442139,
1.0258219242095947,
1.1670249700546265,
0.4630044996738434,
0.7488431930541992,
-0.17160660028457642,
0.17814040184020996,
-1.749030351638794,
0.6927934288978577,
-0.26370924711227417,
-0.3773537576198578,
-0.38239020109176636,
-0.30767184495925903,
0.5291357040405273,
0.6046198606491089,
0.5774840116500854,
0.24684667587280273,
0.4597139358520508,
-0.5935382843017578,
0.11166073381900787,
-0.8418300151824951,
0.3526132106781006,
2.177161931991577,
-0.039122387766838074,
-0.18434998393058777,
0.8238178491592407,
-0.0730074793100357,
1.0184826850891113,
0.5169391632080078,
0.5262925028800964,
-0.7469991445541382,
0.6733852624893188,
-0.15068691968917847,
0.15983669459819794,
-0.8686159253120422,
0.43323296308517456,
-1.2703088521957397,
1.1752790212631226,
-0.7578227519989014,
0.07787337899208069,
0.8888880014419556,
-1.1907787322998047,
-1.1643939018249512,
0.5601401329040527,
-0.178169846534729,
-0.1643473207950592,
0.5503766536712646,
0.2758510410785675,
0.20973138511180878,
0.2181515246629715,
-1.166551113128662,
-0.9916613101959229,
-0.43300098180770874,
0.3671737313270569,
-0.1534956991672516,
0.5522433519363403,
0.5866954326629639,
-0.0016457438468933105,
0.06073932349681854,
0.37193959951400757,
-0.46293678879737854,
0.9683408141136169,
-0.6632747650146484,
-0.618492603302002,
1.0565720796585083,
-0.47574079036712646,
0.0458788238465786,
-0.4659917950630188,
0.18068549036979675,
0.6435419321060181,
0.29644525051116943,
0.39222127199172974,
-0.14371313154697418,
-0.540459156036377,
-0.12034590542316437,
-0.4769679307937622,
0.5930724740028381,
0.9003185033798218,
-0.8162937164306641,
-0.4200008809566498,
0.2886979579925537,
0.17704373598098755,
0.0301533043384552,
0.917864203453064,
-0.3525298535823822,
0.39089131355285645,
-0.30826687812805176,
-0.6276320815086365,
0.3627091646194458,
-0.43658268451690674,
-0.6262474656105042,
0.28820735216140747,
-0.27267682552337646,
-0.5363268256187439,
0.8829647302627563,
-0.813555121421814,
-0.395849347114563,
-0.762946605682373,
1.0140380859375,
0.606848955154419,
0.6756609678268433,
-0.3000156581401825,
-0.2604913115501404,
0.2754879593849182,
0.0772915929555893,
0.40896278619766235,
0.39406830072402954,
0.485093355178833,
-0.4513939619064331,
0.6511472463607788,
0.0693909227848053,
-0.2839573621749878,
1.030519723892212,
1.0577025413513184,
0.5302176475524902,
-0.09471599757671356,
-1.7185639142990112,
1.1590672731399536,
0.021050192415714264,
0.9196673631668091,
0.8130205869674683,
0.00003997236490249634,
0.8934774994850159,
0.2794554531574249,
-0.839866578578949,
0.3086855113506317,
-0.34425899386405945,
1.0352756977081299,
-0.5483236312866211,
-0.04617464914917946,
0.5898712873458862,
-0.3851025104522705,
0.6063584089279175,
-0.3135836124420166,
-0.6076477766036987,
0.3476397693157196,
0.5332860946655273,
-0.44263580441474915,
-0.03029444068670273,
0.2742997407913208,
-0.7786562442779541,
0.7781331539154053,
-0.683203935623169,
-0.15572907030582428,
0.5105754137039185,
-0.6259406805038452,
-0.3670703172683716,
0.2963717579841614,
0.47467148303985596,
0.2588375508785248,
-1.6851824522018433,
0.7949738502502441,
-1.6310135126113892,
0.24398300051689148,
-0.32787930965423584,
0.7288682460784912,
0.29612210392951965,
0.25029298663139343,
-0.1181001216173172,
-0.9235754013061523,
-0.3328385353088379,
-1.5047330856323242,
-0.29700279235839844,
0.42924246191978455,
1.2839266061782837,
-0.31922706961631775,
-1.648146629333496,
0.14801478385925293,
0.6755383610725403,
-0.06185857206583023
] |
are these straight straight lines in this estuary man-made or natural? | either way, what are they? see this link to google maps: _url_0_ | they are man-made ditches, likely dug originally to drain the marshes (either for agricultural reasons or as a means to control mosquitoes). [this brochure](_url_0_) talks about the area you linked to and [this](_url_1_) expands more on the ditches dug although they are discussing cape cod. | 5 | [] | [
"https://www.google.com/maps/@42.9058011,-70.8375186,1369m/data=!3m1!1e3"
] | [
"http://www.nhaudubon.org/wp-content/uploads/brochures/HamptonBrochure.pdf",
"http://www.esa.org/esablog/research/depression-era-drainage-ditches-emerge-as-sleeping-threat-to-cape-cod-salt-marshes/",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Martin_Johnson_Heade_-_Newburyport_Meadows_ATC.jpg",
"http://www.hampton.lib.nh.us/hampton/history/geography/savingthemarshes.htm"
] | [
0.6290197372436523,
0.76521897315979,
0.7196764945983887,
-0.4861566424369812,
-0.1840428113937378,
-1.2348275184631348,
0.9009296298027039,
-1.4223048686981201,
0.4265495538711548,
0.1294555366039276,
-0.5382263660430908,
-0.061812642961740494,
0.0030121058225631714,
0.227595716714859,
-0.29344427585601807,
0.3171425461769104,
-1.2426495552062988,
0.7243016362190247,
-0.30217766761779785,
0.392749547958374,
-0.2791332006454468,
0.8971874117851257,
0.08349180221557617,
0.5531653761863708,
-0.8794931173324585,
0.5778673887252808,
-0.8719640374183655,
0.7953464388847351,
0.09899520874023438,
0.5824648141860962,
0.36333295702934265,
0.4188121557235718,
-0.9462314248085022,
0.5388628840446472,
0.8308547139167786,
0.6000433564186096,
-0.12204703688621521,
-0.323062926530838,
1.282792568206787,
0.5208446383476257,
0.6787770986557007,
-0.30906355381011963,
0.6951189041137695,
0.05743521451950073,
-1.1990106105804443,
0.5751343369483948,
-0.18753176927566528,
-0.38127684593200684,
0.23855498433113098,
-0.5683454871177673,
0.2106061577796936,
-0.9158529043197632,
-1.078072428703308,
-0.5430235862731934,
0.068431556224823,
-0.5943775177001953,
-0.8203325271606445,
-0.1527193784713745,
0.24360594153404236,
-0.15075653791427612,
-0.08569696545600891,
0.1988215148448944,
-0.07672825455665588,
1.4503350257873535,
-0.4135412573814392,
-0.1716616153717041,
-0.44615089893341064,
0.6876555681228638,
-0.03694218397140503,
0.47724753618240356,
-0.8255828619003296,
-0.531754195690155,
-0.3601940870285034,
-0.8363555669784546,
0.14149731397628784,
0.008335292339324951,
-0.6611605882644653,
-0.037914425134658813,
0.212897390127182,
-1.5875378847122192,
-0.13665086030960083,
0.36665138602256775,
0.28982675075531006,
0.3411406874656677,
0.8189318776130676,
-0.3824123740196228,
-0.1519162654876709,
-0.046584516763687134,
1.5321180820465088,
0.09347396343946457,
0.4275181293487549,
-1.646976351737976,
0.2913911044597626,
0.16935712099075317,
-0.23257969319820404,
0.9071568250656128,
0.8574623465538025,
-0.19448016583919525,
-0.22361589968204498,
-0.007056117057800293,
-0.27121299505233765,
0.3914725184440613,
0.8581191897392273,
-0.4580451250076294,
-0.49661463499069214,
-0.14484569430351257,
-0.38718974590301514,
-0.07675084471702576,
0.5932005643844604,
0.5878949761390686,
-0.2778259515762329,
-0.1914791315793991,
-0.09354755282402039,
-0.44446173310279846,
-1.0524557828903198,
-0.29130709171295166,
-0.12020079791545868,
-1.3786015510559082,
-0.8855999708175659,
-1.2022507190704346,
-0.06227193772792816,
0.09166347980499268,
0.6511530876159668,
0.8836427927017212,
0.22321666777133942,
0.21636411547660828,
-0.8584457635879517,
0.21268410980701447,
0.661623477935791,
-0.0193805992603302,
-0.5187963843345642,
0.627722978591919,
0.8251175880432129,
-0.5254342555999756,
-1.0766078233718872,
-0.14862501621246338,
0.29709067940711975,
-0.7002647519111633,
-1.1754423379898071,
-0.10612955689430237,
0.3227510452270508,
-0.18450236320495605,
-0.3111732602119446,
-0.9258601665496826,
0.22818142175674438,
0.18240508437156677,
-1.0313738584518433,
-0.9037740230560303,
-1.3082166910171509,
0.3126835227012634,
0.45570141077041626,
-0.1964614987373352,
0.2100771814584732,
-0.30073240399360657,
-0.3471520245075226,
-0.2414332926273346,
-0.3040199875831604,
0.6961530447006226,
0.9510180354118347,
0.34828710556030273,
-0.06307148933410645,
0.8684560060501099,
0.27509114146232605,
1.0902087688446045,
0.38190895318984985,
-0.4505629241466522,
-0.29104116559028625,
-0.3688086271286011,
0.8828585147857666,
-0.6012411117553711,
0.538188636302948,
0.4860582649707794,
0.6297319531440735,
-0.3093577027320862,
0.03455251455307007,
0.386383593082428,
0.06349565833806992,
0.3075341582298279,
0.9675809741020203,
0.6831269860267639,
-1.3072526454925537,
0.3718651831150055,
0.8026721477508545,
0.32022011280059814,
-0.17802801728248596,
-0.3799061179161072,
-0.8571776151657104,
-0.4349188506603241,
-0.15654140710830688,
0.05503278970718384,
-0.21264684200286865,
-0.58753502368927,
0.8271865844726562,
-0.002858467400074005,
-0.3902756869792938,
1.4804140329360962,
0.9542357921600342,
-0.0474175363779068,
-0.5464372634887695,
0.344834566116333,
-0.0011944733560085297,
-0.0919160395860672,
-0.8574451804161072,
0.0074949562549591064,
0.05089491605758667,
0.11769771575927734,
0.3441994786262512,
0.07884582877159119,
-0.04533369839191437,
0.19921787083148956,
0.3785274028778076,
0.32877635955810547,
-0.7768883109092712,
-0.9244372844696045,
1.0268893241882324,
-0.21826733648777008,
0.4873519837856293,
0.14472737908363342,
-0.3287051320075989,
-0.023318886756896973,
0.12292162328958511,
-1.0696306228637695,
0.6036978960037231,
-0.5393220782279968,
-0.1481846570968628,
0.15134243667125702,
-0.9596428871154785,
0.13059794902801514,
-0.3967875838279724,
-0.2700763940811157,
0.6879463791847229,
-0.6263924241065979,
0.4061192274093628,
-0.3560531437397003,
-1.8361575603485107,
0.20711266994476318,
-0.058110952377319336,
-0.32254213094711304,
1.137243628501892,
-1.314300775527954,
0.0021250732243061066,
-0.47195863723754883,
0.5719035267829895,
1.5678671598434448,
-0.1601436287164688,
-0.5481896996498108,
-0.18863914906978607,
0.7507474422454834,
-0.6064701676368713,
-0.24913868308067322,
0.18513308465480804,
0.41211065649986267,
-0.42194169759750366,
0.4653986096382141,
0.404971182346344,
0.47301119565963745,
-0.009733006358146667,
-0.3491378128528595,
-0.6678293347358704,
0.38001659512519836,
0.1790831983089447,
0.23497892916202545,
-1.0895826816558838,
-0.5289841294288635,
1.542406678199768,
-1.3565068244934082,
-0.5343161225318909,
0.16296163201332092,
0.03974078968167305,
0.4159490466117859,
-0.23833881318569183,
0.71891188621521,
-1.127373218536377,
0.13454145193099976,
1.4058551788330078,
0.23193855583667755,
-0.499720960855484,
-1.0870225429534912,
0.6962711811065674,
0.2025197446346283,
-0.6154279708862305,
-0.03947240859270096,
0.3185058832168579,
0.09420040249824524,
0.03436760604381561,
0.18607711791992188,
-0.084994837641716,
0.15014274418354034,
-0.08132997155189514,
0.13912689685821533,
-0.5960139632225037,
0.18745079636573792,
-1.4072685241699219,
0.7093172669410706,
-0.4005902111530304,
-0.8145105838775635,
-0.02075803279876709,
-0.2702786922454834,
0.7145326137542725,
-0.4324251711368561,
-0.10183271765708923,
-0.7349156141281128,
-0.15501229465007782,
-0.4503854215145111,
-0.9539298415184021,
0.5513948202133179,
-0.41697168350219727,
0.6898840665817261,
1.0112911462783813,
-0.7792295217514038,
-0.6208037734031677,
0.29428860545158386,
-0.12897714972496033,
0.7303398847579956,
0.8063324689865112,
-0.17488893866539001,
0.07390150427818298,
0.3681994378566742,
0.532706618309021,
0.3320135772228241,
0.09182178974151611,
1.2595820426940918,
-0.09918104112148285,
0.4126981496810913,
-0.049616217613220215,
-0.3179135322570801,
0.16429121792316437,
0.684208333492279,
-0.44783031940460205,
0.28777819871902466,
-0.3040367662906647,
0.2711876630783081,
0.07571963965892792,
0.13683360815048218,
-0.45940008759498596,
1.2818539142608643,
-0.34692952036857605,
-0.5597430467605591,
-0.7939722537994385,
-0.46115416288375854,
-0.20855607092380524,
0.3168708086013794,
0.36062556505203247,
0.7148871421813965,
-0.31069326400756836,
-0.17172196507453918,
0.20020759105682373,
0.5889489650726318,
0.0031929314136505127,
0.004278391599655151,
0.4453500509262085,
0.8578668832778931,
-0.4779845178127289,
-0.05920828878879547,
0.7658807635307312,
0.5402066707611084,
-1.11807119846344,
-1.05546236038208,
1.0473259687423706,
0.028033703565597534,
-0.8982822895050049,
0.38530850410461426,
0.4421785771846771,
0.6725783348083496,
0.8979015350341797,
1.3707497119903564,
0.14190790057182312,
0.44359561800956726,
0.33512598276138306,
-0.4626960754394531,
-0.09074898064136505,
-0.0963711142539978,
0.5908640623092651,
0.23767614364624023,
-0.5041316747665405,
-0.3722836971282959,
0.10873469710350037,
0.006767213344573975,
0.7721426486968994,
0.3446226119995117,
-1.1182105541229248,
-0.05500718951225281,
-0.2201949954032898,
0.2420344352722168
] |
are volcanologist flocking to hawaii at the minute, or is there not much to learn from being there in person? | i would think it would be an amazing time to be a volcanologist with such an opportunity. just an odd thought that hit me as i was watching the news, the idea of people evacuating and being scared while scientists might be eagerly arriving. | no, or at least none of the volcanologists i know are dropping everything to travel to hawaii, though a lot of them are spending significant time online (e.g. twitter, blogs, making videos) trying to 1) communicate decent science about what's happening (e.g. the [usgs as a whole](_url_2_) or [individuals](_url_5_)) and 2) dispense silly conspiracy theory nonsense (e.g. [no, there does not appear to be a significant risk of a massive flank failure](_url_6_) or [no, the eruption in hawaii is not going to effect cascade volcanoes](_url_7_)). basically, yes. while this is certainly an impressive eruption and very hazardous for local populations, this isn't some sort of anomalous event for volcanoes in general (or hawaii in particular) and there isn't going to be a huge amount of utility in a bunch of volcanologists showing up to watch this happen. i'm not sure if the usgs has actually moved people from other volcano observatories to the hawaiian one (i'd kind of doubt this, but maybe?). some of the most interesting (sort of new) stuff we're learning (or at least getting to see in real time) is not from observations on the ground per se, but rather from newer remote sensing type techniques we have available to us now as compared to the last time there was a major eruption in hawaii. for example with developments in rapidly processing [insar](_url_0_) data, we are able [to see surface deformation related to some of the earthquakes that have accompanied the eruption](_url_3_) or with advances in [photogrammetry](_url_1_) we can make [3d models of the lava lake dropping](_url_4_). | 16 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometric_synthetic-aperture_radar",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry",
"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/status.html",
"https://twitter.com/EricFielding/status/997124068078997504",
"https://twitter.com/USGSVolcanoes/status/994416692473225218",
"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/rockyplanet/2018/05/18/kilauea-eruption-continues/",
"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hvo_news_archive.html",
"http://today.oregonstate.edu/news/hawaii%E2%80%99s-kilauea-completely-unrelated-northwest-volcanoes-%E2%80%A6"
] | [
-2.4347290992736816,
-1.7013397216796875,
4.109858512878418,
1.3022526502609253,
-0.12612995505332947,
-4.9035444259643555,
-1.7191433906555176,
-1.6087169647216797,
2.4474287033081055,
-0.08986538648605347,
0.08182971179485321,
-0.6529141664505005,
2.48148250579834,
0.2558557093143463,
-0.14332807064056396,
-0.29150867462158203,
-1.2849204540252686,
-3.0319764614105225,
-2.3485655784606934,
-1.365654468536377,
0.7978982925415039,
-0.21848207712173462,
-0.9323288798332214,
0.7978454828262329,
1.3794021606445312,
0.22074449062347412,
-0.45563995838165283,
0.17749425768852234,
-1.696570634841919,
-0.7267800569534302,
-2.103487253189087,
-1.1490588188171387,
-3.2861521244049072,
-0.9744915962219238,
2.5124828815460205,
0.053576041013002396,
-0.04222005605697632,
0.41114044189453125,
1.9287723302841187,
0.07541757076978683,
0.11455325037240982,
-1.8347749710083008,
2.155543565750122,
1.5362005233764648,
-0.40714824199676514,
3.346328020095825,
0.5450356006622314,
-0.8664516806602478,
-3.8221490383148193,
0.4814624488353729,
1.2437219619750977,
-0.8660860657691956,
-2.610198497772217,
0.04787931218743324,
-1.1037966012954712,
-4.419195175170898,
-1.218082308769226,
-1.5407373905181885,
1.3867202997207642,
-1.2737841606140137,
0.6607940793037415,
-0.7210867404937744,
0.6376848816871643,
2.3295018672943115,
1.4467769861221313,
2.2812297344207764,
0.6187199354171753,
-2.2829031944274902,
3.056347131729126,
0.24973076581954956,
0.37113794684410095,
1.6155701875686646,
-0.1066010594367981,
0.7017230987548828,
-0.6877292394638062,
-2.3699495792388916,
-1.8877235651016235,
1.9825787544250488,
-2.391944408416748,
-1.5492169857025146,
4.330887794494629,
-0.311981737613678,
1.0319969654083252,
-0.3807782828807831,
1.9208147525787354,
0.1205359697341919,
0.8632591962814331,
2.989468574523926,
1.6503885984420776,
0.22168081998825073,
-0.8244309425354004,
-1.3984569311141968,
2.374798536300659,
2.287236452102661,
-1.4586308002471924,
2.1380727291107178,
0.9110404253005981,
-3.0021066665649414,
1.8377925157546997,
0.728358805179596,
-2.7835607528686523,
1.9822494983673096,
-3.1076292991638184,
-0.4242517650127411,
-0.3471992611885071,
1.0783469676971436,
1.1960351467132568,
2.6384482383728027,
0.8949441909790039,
3.7371819019317627,
-1.1974852085113525,
-1.8905138969421387,
-0.6579635739326477,
-3.9270880222320557,
-1.8080521821975708,
-2.4473650455474854,
-0.19173085689544678,
1.2747583389282227,
-7.440035343170166,
-2.395620107650757,
1.8205230236053467,
-3.3543379306793213,
1.2297215461730957,
3.6231250762939453,
3.9018306732177734,
-0.14259131252765656,
-1.3380684852600098,
1.4469248056411743,
2.7310070991516113,
1.075411319732666,
0.7310702800750732,
-1.9303326606750488,
0.18279317021369934,
-0.6315268278121948,
-1.0533925294876099,
-1.2591948509216309,
3.8587851524353027,
-1.4804328680038452,
-2.584662914276123,
5.240513801574707,
-1.04069983959198,
-0.28958818316459656,
1.3154898881912231,
0.8757481575012207,
2.7286272048950195,
3.921412706375122,
-0.22481882572174072,
-0.7968758344650269,
2.048259973526001,
-4.556849002838135,
-0.4324837923049927,
0.4588245749473572,
-0.16678211092948914,
2.710205078125,
-0.6245235204696655,
-1.570056438446045,
-1.4713877439498901,
0.7436434030532837,
2.11030912399292,
0.3384596109390259,
0.17979536950588226,
0.26216408610343933,
-0.029451921582221985,
1.273202896118164,
0.08490664511919022,
-0.39978617429733276,
-0.5210769176483154,
-1.677767276763916,
-0.46196967363357544,
-0.49698352813720703,
-1.4998974800109863,
0.9342886209487915,
1.8841015100479126,
-2.1017796993255615,
1.4754035472869873,
-0.20850108563899994,
-2.7551026344299316,
0.339059442281723,
-1.8868319988250732,
2.8207221031188965,
-0.936367928981781,
0.44969087839126587,
4.871364593505859,
1.5647320747375488,
-0.6453319787979126,
-2.858581781387329,
1.3257609605789185,
2.5391619205474854,
1.3747594356536865,
-0.6174765825271606,
-0.3380681872367859,
-2.0162487030029297,
-0.2557651698589325,
0.9855420589447021,
-0.13533839583396912,
2.147914409637451,
-0.011956870555877686,
-2.155094861984253,
-0.6084736585617065,
0.6977511048316956,
-3.0328683853149414,
-3.900163412094116,
-1.8000702857971191,
-3.3757948875427246,
-1.2117877006530762,
0.020776815712451935,
0.26857703924179077,
2.5734877586364746,
-3.968271017074585,
-2.241644859313965,
0.7369781732559204,
-0.3961542248725891,
-1.9471585750579834,
-0.6115334033966064,
2.589982271194458,
2.162172555923462,
-2.71201229095459,
0.9558918476104736,
-2.7245049476623535,
1.0317506790161133,
-0.02710755169391632,
-1.0682945251464844,
2.079026937484741,
-3.9640862941741943,
-0.7759640216827393,
0.7628978490829468,
-0.025176405906677246,
1.783592700958252,
-0.7578318119049072,
-0.8662488460540771,
1.7320499420166016,
1.5138795375823975,
0.6266701221466064,
3.2178611755371094,
-2.1084814071655273,
0.6390705108642578,
-0.3907214105129242,
-1.0486422777175903,
2.280221462249756,
-0.8020902872085571,
-0.21983107924461365,
0.32005757093429565,
-1.0295820236206055,
1.505171298980713,
-2.2270641326904297,
-0.003122001886367798,
-6.064735412597656,
-2.9099555015563965,
0.440360963344574,
5.188611030578613,
-0.8006374835968018,
-3.051561117172241,
-2.8362269401550293,
0.2634353041648865,
-1.920797348022461,
3.9026780128479004,
-1.1410659551620483,
-3.050791025161743,
-1.1411296129226685,
2.912243366241455,
3.2503437995910645,
0.47690168023109436,
-2.9544878005981445,
-1.0596734285354614,
3.2685933113098145,
3.588871955871582,
0.7936733961105347,
1.5664525032043457,
-4.747867584228516,
0.41170239448547363,
1.0776162147521973,
-0.5000174045562744,
0.3543793559074402,
-0.9644795060157776,
3.3725876808166504,
1.1559996604919434,
-1.4644876718521118,
-2.87701678276062,
0.784927487373352,
0.48140639066696167,
-2.897829055786133,
-1.2877732515335083,
-2.895219564437866,
-1.4065698385238647,
-0.8210995197296143,
-1.7941285371780396,
-0.7537792921066284,
-1.06515371799469,
-2.0203206539154053,
-0.4466859698295593,
1.6386539936065674,
4.62260103225708,
-0.814130961894989,
1.4064483642578125,
2.3643321990966797,
-2.6474924087524414,
-0.5020775198936462,
-3.3953840732574463,
3.8412673473358154,
-1.374239206314087,
-2.5902750492095947,
1.3746048212051392,
-1.2786659002304077,
-0.6933894753456116,
-1.736741065979004,
4.1005988121032715,
0.9291911721229553,
-1.074134349822998,
6.339849472045898,
-0.64170241355896,
-0.7848137617111206,
-2.7951226234436035,
3.1328938007354736,
1.703083872795105,
-1.355006456375122,
2.6925952434539795,
-1.4452964067459106,
-0.16550064086914062,
1.664310097694397,
1.2010899782180786,
1.8969001770019531,
2.895078182220459,
1.5513417720794678,
1.7846506834030151,
1.753359317779541,
-1.6011570692062378,
1.531332015991211,
4.466158390045166,
-1.4555450677871704,
1.276533603668213,
-1.21364426612854,
0.4193918704986572,
0.8916601538658142,
-1.1996519565582275,
3.259960412979126,
-0.15949174761772156,
1.1512186527252197,
-0.1436663120985031,
-1.095306396484375,
-0.6208583116531372,
-2.900813579559326,
0.20542466640472412,
1.4449694156646729,
0.5823947787284851,
1.0367355346679688,
3.1757030487060547,
1.8795356750488281,
0.560538113117218,
-3.731980562210083,
1.5205367803573608,
0.06424540281295776,
-1.128720998764038,
-1.039981722831726,
-2.1353516578674316,
1.5559985637664795,
0.2561720907688141,
-1.483472466468811,
1.398589015007019,
-0.11881384253501892,
-1.820534110069275,
-1.0297247171401978,
0.2802681028842926,
3.139707088470459,
5.2047224044799805,
-1.0808218717575073,
4.065266132354736,
-2.185760259628296,
-1.5391979217529297,
-0.7020179033279419,
0.7380759716033936,
-1.8271665573120117,
-2.772348642349243,
-0.06949258595705032,
-1.620023250579834,
2.912294864654541,
0.5934174060821533,
4.009326934814453,
-3.2210659980773926,
-0.8786486387252808,
4.323582649230957,
1.29669189453125,
-0.9229016304016113,
0.16977189481258392,
-0.40742599964141846
] |
would you be able to feel particles going through your body? | say someone shoots a proton going at light speed at your skull, would you be unfazed or would the proton go through your skull and you would then die from the proton causing damage. | you are asking 2 different kind of questions, if you could feel it or if you would die from it. in order to feel something, it would have to activate a neuron. in theory you could fire some radiation just right so it could trigger the neuron. in reality, walk through a contaminated zone and you feel the effects of radiation like radiation sickness rather than the radiation itself. you are not going to die from a singe proton either, you need a lot, a lot. btw you have bilions of neutrino's shooting through your body through your life time without you noticing anything. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.19018614292144775,
-0.2015186846256256,
1.55524480342865,
0.5737055540084839,
-0.0036724209785461426,
-1.67667555809021,
1.647420883178711,
0.8065593838691711,
0.04685166850686073,
-1.1068730354309082,
1.310389757156372,
-0.2177577167749405,
0.35525619983673096,
-0.7677602171897888,
1.566928505897522,
-1.1152353286743164,
0.5636164546012878,
-0.3016895055770874,
-2.829744338989258,
0.41980087757110596,
-0.9177727699279785,
-1.1755051612854004,
-0.5772733688354492,
-0.6820604801177979,
-0.5645526051521301,
0.5158194303512573,
0.7670506238937378,
-0.31971919536590576,
-1.175058364868164,
0.7453034520149231,
0.20136359333992004,
-1.1350733041763306,
-0.8316652774810791,
-0.09377902746200562,
0.4220542311668396,
0.5412863492965698,
-0.8391891121864319,
0.5379936099052429,
-0.8704301118850708,
-0.7599213123321533,
-0.5439860820770264,
0.06952621042728424,
-0.4076356589794159,
0.76590496301651,
0.31690555810928345,
0.7639561295509338,
0.4193074703216553,
-0.9981368184089661,
0.04886431246995926,
-0.10909323394298553,
-0.8479833602905273,
-1.2825669050216675,
-0.4344105124473572,
0.866748571395874,
-0.9888083338737488,
0.18995243310928345,
-0.6173228025436401,
-0.2530869245529175,
-0.5078689455986023,
0.712155818939209,
-1.5500448942184448,
-0.8426529169082642,
1.1906583309173584,
0.33123916387557983,
2.0996499061584473,
1.2503409385681152,
0.482424795627594,
-0.3365858793258667,
0.7249536514282227,
0.8260312080383301,
0.15538868308067322,
0.3522756099700928,
-0.6790227890014648,
-0.06783874332904816,
-0.07081320881843567,
0.2752426862716675,
0.06269004940986633,
0.076808862388134,
-0.0652962327003479,
-0.9316717982292175,
0.008693724870681763,
0.5962238311767578,
-0.3689925968647003,
-0.543742299079895,
-0.21460546553134918,
1.6184868812561035,
0.481825053691864,
-0.18524032831192017,
-0.5658489465713501,
0.6114747524261475,
-1.3421833515167236,
0.051964759826660156,
0.12846893072128296,
-1.2226802110671997,
-0.30015847086906433,
0.7780405282974243,
1.0602246522903442,
-0.27013131976127625,
0.22834806144237518,
-0.03874807059764862,
0.1062796413898468,
0.04313225299119949,
-1.4361447095870972,
1.1322131156921387,
0.6705289483070374,
0.5197777152061462,
-0.2813478708267212,
0.6321108937263489,
-0.8424879908561707,
0.5234124660491943,
0.684374988079071,
-0.9619777202606201,
0.7170404195785522,
-1.901530146598816,
-0.09894135594367981,
0.23009029030799866,
-0.45072615146636963,
1.1348472833633423,
-0.6531561613082886,
-0.5814797878265381,
-0.2676834166049957,
-0.7439413070678711,
-0.3181607127189636,
0.5936060547828674,
1.4030448198318481,
-1.5502742528915405,
0.9150969386100769,
0.7872911691665649,
1.1360034942626953,
0.15837979316711426,
0.6079387068748474,
-0.48385557532310486,
-0.5580495595932007,
0.5715636610984802,
-1.9178698062896729,
-0.07071776688098907,
1.4032570123672485,
-0.518673837184906,
0.4140203595161438,
-0.04090065509080887,
0.5421947240829468,
0.6897118091583252,
1.0208481550216675,
-0.3353453576564789,
-1.110621690750122,
-0.0613674521446228,
0.999718189239502,
-0.029457613825798035,
-0.6742663383483887,
-1.214843511581421,
-0.8667832016944885,
0.3076035976409912,
0.14884459972381592,
0.029997944831848145,
-0.21471086144447327,
0.5325126647949219,
-1.4872620105743408,
0.6750750541687012,
-0.6807948350906372,
-0.2683996260166168,
-0.41303694248199463,
0.149897962808609,
-0.7277465462684631,
0.27875828742980957,
-0.1987541913986206,
1.1705437898635864,
0.12776672840118408,
-0.07664866000413895,
0.488910973072052,
-1.1551225185394287,
0.24712415039539337,
-0.8494961261749268,
0.6649369597434998,
-0.5680585503578186,
-0.2644842863082886,
0.29312819242477417,
-1.6537047624588013,
-0.8519949913024902,
0.1066918671131134,
0.9247088432312012,
0.7762266993522644,
-0.5865777730941772,
0.18108266592025757,
1.9776818752288818,
-0.37477970123291016,
-1.3160359859466553,
-0.468828946352005,
-0.44374582171440125,
0.36863601207733154,
-1.1265028715133667,
0.45870181918144226,
0.3770498037338257,
0.6081771850585938,
-0.49222391843795776,
-1.308950662612915,
-0.8063986897468567,
-1.2716909646987915,
-0.5763949155807495,
-1.0275522470474243,
-0.47733375430107117,
-0.03327830135822296,
-1.0305119752883911,
-0.22016644477844238,
-0.33721524477005005,
0.06926606595516205,
-0.24629248678684235,
-0.853676974773407,
1.3825953006744385,
0.11211055517196655,
-1.2144378423690796,
-0.8535314202308655,
-0.36544159054756165,
1.0871328115463257,
0.8816920518875122,
0.09340252727270126,
-1.106911301612854,
-3.097336769104004,
0.12360796332359314,
0.6121991872787476,
0.38888630270957947,
1.5254361629486084,
-1.3780021667480469,
-1.0723985433578491,
-1.2085137367248535,
0.24689209461212158,
-0.03412819653749466,
0.32119810581207275,
0.2798435389995575,
0.7457326650619507,
1.2372183799743652,
0.327737420797348,
1.4458297491073608,
-0.6568609476089478,
2.366447925567627,
0.4617714583873749,
0.21206378936767578,
-0.8412600159645081,
-0.20952153205871582,
-0.6796386241912842,
0.8836327791213989,
0.3710360825061798,
1.350262999534607,
-0.4951328933238983,
0.33523789048194885,
-0.16141359508037567,
0.7377897500991821,
-0.537497878074646,
0.6842435002326965,
0.20324404537677765,
1.2231111526489258,
0.2619583308696747,
0.07923176884651184,
0.593803346157074,
0.9836461544036865,
-0.4684680104255676,
1.9660441875457764,
-1.0822170972824097,
-0.6606519222259521,
0.37562817335128784,
-0.9946508407592773,
0.33893322944641113,
-1.3193732500076294,
-1.3097820281982422,
-1.931901454925537,
-0.15761429071426392,
1.2305448055267334,
0.3113991320133209,
1.6534624099731445,
-0.7737916111946106,
0.2877035439014435,
0.8044707775115967,
0.4558960795402527,
0.21944701671600342,
0.9105541706085205,
0.7038869857788086,
-0.5545172691345215,
-0.42993390560150146,
-0.14017623662948608,
0.045273661613464355,
0.13700896501541138,
0.004503920674324036,
-2.0669562816619873,
0.5201376080513,
-0.2218475043773651,
0.6907222867012024,
-0.8741248846054077,
0.5550937652587891,
-0.7216556668281555,
0.2445795238018036,
-0.014651402831077576,
-0.23135033249855042,
2.8291878700256348,
0.025469109416007996,
0.6017174124717712,
0.7867534756660461,
-0.5701934695243835,
-1.2091718912124634,
-0.16025269031524658,
0.34036752581596375,
0.30647143721580505,
0.14912432432174683,
-1.2000142335891724,
-1.5601787567138672,
-0.08837764710187912,
-1.1457393169403076,
0.3628101944923401,
0.35842159390449524,
0.32985013723373413,
0.7491236329078674,
-1.274849772453308,
-1.6803395748138428,
-0.5314352512359619,
0.725945234298706,
-0.8059535026550293,
-1.0525662899017334,
0.8178293108940125,
-0.5912202000617981,
0.47349435091018677,
0.41149333119392395,
-0.31770390272140503,
1.1140905618667603,
-0.20469820499420166,
1.06764817237854,
0.8896318674087524,
0.21866656839847565,
0.33953845500946045,
1.0789601802825928,
-0.22801434993743896,
-0.856620192527771,
-0.05543109402060509,
-0.9335976243019104,
1.4626951217651367,
0.6781531572341919,
0.1778678297996521,
0.8675507307052612,
0.6624958515167236,
-0.12554265558719635,
-1.1453040838241577,
-0.04337058961391449,
0.36836549639701843,
0.2480873167514801,
-0.5231326818466187,
-0.030061230063438416,
1.6573700904846191,
0.17714138329029083,
0.7175646424293518,
1.7178425788879395,
0.5945942997932434,
-0.794184684753418,
0.9123574495315552,
-0.36638808250427246,
0.4628267288208008,
0.6102757453918457,
0.8758347630500793,
1.2159403562545776,
-1.5849272012710571,
-0.11571413278579712,
-0.7096872329711914,
0.5758967399597168,
0.26582860946655273,
-1.1602954864501953,
0.31701475381851196,
1.2264430522918701,
1.6162140369415283,
-0.8069352507591248,
-0.30985933542251587,
0.7305814027786255,
-2.0389885902404785,
0.1813613921403885,
2.4436066150665283,
-0.45770660042762756,
0.6073216199874878,
0.13126088678836823,
-0.7271754741668701,
-0.05856603384017944,
-0.2504445016384125,
0.7289518117904663,
0.6058024168014526,
-1.0184270143508911,
0.8447403907775879,
2.263158082962036,
1.1935267448425293,
-0.7450063228607178,
0.12415847182273865
] |
is there any risk of keeping a tritium keyring in your pocket? | wikipedia says the radiation can't pierce the skin. _url_0_ this epa fact sheet seems to indicate that risk comes only from ingestion. _url_1_ this link from idaho state university states: _url_2_ | 10 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium#Health_risks",
"http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/tritium.html",
"http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/tritium.htm"
] | [
-0.2791535258293152,
-0.4203811287879944,
0.4990006387233734,
0.5192373991012573,
0.2020850032567978,
0.2444370985031128,
0.3201490342617035,
-0.176703542470932,
-0.06789159774780273,
-0.5724396109580994,
0.3734476566314697,
-0.8105260133743286,
-0.09332409501075745,
0.36057913303375244,
0.09806405007839203,
-0.10046640038490295,
-0.23481789231300354,
-0.06946437805891037,
0.2675282657146454,
-0.1400376558303833,
1.1548573970794678,
0.31697309017181396,
-0.51815265417099,
-0.06164121627807617,
0.13051480054855347,
-0.4278408885002136,
-0.7383047342300415,
-0.17348612844944,
0.11657606810331345,
-0.4618799090385437,
0.4746391177177429,
-0.5652687549591064,
-1.5371630191802979,
0.15861041843891144,
1.3065590858459473,
-0.5525804758071899,
0.007889971137046814,
-0.38933005928993225,
-0.4170037806034088,
0.40918979048728943,
-0.0823853462934494,
-0.25571534037590027,
-0.3389438986778259,
0.7412337064743042,
-0.2268831580877304,
0.8580914735794067,
0.2165314108133316,
-0.40325480699539185,
0.37020212411880493,
0.2898566722869873,
0.2519441246986389,
0.039609067142009735,
-0.326686292886734,
-0.09724533557891846,
-0.4915686249732971,
-0.32487136125564575,
-0.276335209608078,
0.09549878537654877,
-0.44092684984207153,
-0.06165286898612976,
0.2478184700012207,
0.07165438681840897,
-0.1375332772731781,
0.5956385135650635,
0.16830380260944366,
0.2342296689748764,
0.004650674760341644,
0.06898466497659683,
0.18372714519500732,
-0.6642237901687622,
0.26580995321273804,
0.09620147943496704,
-0.9983789920806885,
0.5381351709365845,
0.4344930648803711,
-0.1713329553604126,
-0.530449390411377,
1.4953657388687134,
-0.15178526937961578,
-0.5575332045555115,
-0.15700069069862366,
-0.6769019961357117,
0.35769927501678467,
0.12185713648796082,
0.46576258540153503,
0.37104111909866333,
-0.287410706281662,
0.2750583291053772,
0.1274929642677307,
0.16911789774894714,
-0.15666887164115906,
-0.17337772250175476,
0.804060161113739,
0.5483986139297485,
0.6113682389259338,
0.22334647178649902,
-0.27982544898986816,
-0.061257749795913696,
0.006994485855102539,
-0.17048996686935425,
-0.6880267858505249,
-0.3546183705329895,
-0.8592104315757751,
0.012816071510314941,
-0.0007402077317237854,
-0.1215594932436943,
0.48045215010643005,
0.44086316227912903,
0.00602598674595356,
0.5305463075637817,
0.49824249744415283,
-0.5847449898719788,
-0.0876304879784584,
0.1795314997434616,
-0.3155137300491333,
0.11294260621070862,
0.6583999395370483,
-0.2985561490058899,
0.21071934700012207,
-0.11664129793643951,
-0.33329132199287415,
0.22320932149887085,
-0.10883143544197083,
0.35543933510780334,
-0.5415176153182983,
-0.21426096558570862,
0.34016120433807373,
0.13638420403003693,
0.06290728598833084,
0.7161332368850708,
0.20645175874233246,
-0.9596657752990723,
0.1271221786737442,
-0.2770794630050659,
-0.004351085051894188,
-0.0627036765217781,
-0.3497861325740814,
-1.2708957195281982,
-0.1497178077697754,
-0.25482070446014404,
-0.0006469488143920898,
-0.22012102603912354,
0.19713664054870605,
-0.05469512939453125,
-0.09664532542228699,
0.7930941581726074,
0.3651289939880371,
-0.013475745916366577,
-0.3683551251888275,
-0.34646371006965637,
-0.21001379191875458,
0.6498789191246033,
-1.1632297039031982,
0.34557366371154785,
-0.8430180549621582,
-0.3961026966571808,
0.46835848689079285,
0.12137915194034576,
0.1921054571866989,
0.21161197125911713,
0.19621998071670532,
0.6140332818031311,
0.7943947911262512,
0.8874014616012573,
0.5295462012290955,
-0.22964908182621002,
-0.4272070825099945,
-0.36208415031433105,
-0.32204508781433105,
-0.3846201002597809,
0.6274035573005676,
0.2502812147140503,
0.44268035888671875,
-0.31096774339675903,
0.06812579184770584,
-0.3876514136791229,
-0.1297030746936798,
-0.2586941719055176,
-0.493408739566803,
0.7674239277839661,
-0.3352966904640198,
-0.6551892161369324,
-0.2271081954240799,
-0.193320631980896,
-0.18045565485954285,
0.18494299054145813,
-0.7013712525367737,
-0.17374850809574127,
0.20166906714439392,
0.22760675847530365,
-0.2475413978099823,
-0.31547173857688904,
-0.37962764501571655,
-0.7822989821434021,
-0.09688195586204529,
0.0738680437207222,
-0.14712560176849365,
-0.4239130914211273,
-0.0982794463634491,
0.25363993644714355,
0.42583611607551575,
-0.00047016143798828125,
0.0007490795105695724,
0.040523186326026917,
-0.4857887029647827,
0.17783582210540771,
0.4329642653465271,
0.17357076704502106,
-0.9594566822052002,
-0.9187507033348083,
0.7302849888801575,
-0.24858307838439941,
-0.7907692193984985,
-0.7960761189460754,
0.2197592556476593,
-0.23130421340465546,
-0.22336217761039734,
0.2892724573612213,
0.3080137073993683,
0.46517065167427063,
-0.7285987734794617,
0.513007640838623,
0.14726988971233368,
-0.32109755277633667,
0.555047333240509,
0.18582600355148315,
0.11760661005973816,
0.6899127960205078,
-0.7072352766990662,
0.48239457607269287,
0.2518198490142822,
0.8331934213638306,
0.38056594133377075,
1.2722628116607666,
0.8160808086395264,
0.2241063117980957,
0.08729371428489685,
-0.1712893843650818,
-0.5440164804458618,
-0.08103092014789581,
0.3440142869949341,
0.2078271210193634,
-0.23355932533740997,
0.027187634259462357,
-0.6348567605018616,
-0.380776971578598,
-0.11829312145709991,
-0.06151614710688591,
-0.3012799322605133,
0.6066622734069824,
0.8398386240005493,
-0.8610814809799194,
-0.3619728684425354,
-0.6720805168151855,
0.44272875785827637,
0.45795300602912903,
-0.7556182146072388,
-0.26749545335769653,
-0.26439428329467773,
-0.328355997800827,
0.5721480846405029,
-0.31614920496940613,
-0.31638944149017334,
-0.08927928656339645,
0.9754215478897095,
0.09424940496683121,
0.3227332532405853,
0.1547098606824875,
0.15360292792320251,
0.3393508791923523,
0.380330890417099,
-0.3389543294906616,
-0.6371902823448181,
-0.0091475248336792,
0.6228693127632141,
0.16776710748672485,
0.5985066294670105,
-0.6824196577072144,
0.7436355948448181,
-0.033113978803157806,
-0.45403820276260376,
0.24757368862628937,
-1.2186264991760254,
0.02363244816660881,
0.11107438802719116,
0.1983555108308792,
-0.1385708749294281,
-0.35558587312698364,
0.03593849763274193,
-0.62694251537323,
-0.4718177914619446,
0.6825699806213379,
-0.3556213080883026,
0.2485784888267517,
0.3342808783054352,
-0.7416200637817383,
-0.31571123003959656,
-0.8305530548095703,
-0.2521219253540039,
-0.2569524049758911,
0.18706320226192474,
0.30903494358062744,
-0.5258482694625854,
-0.421487957239151,
-0.8593040108680725,
0.4245801270008087,
-0.029257677495479584,
-0.020048178732395172,
1.9644408226013184,
-0.2869061529636383,
0.10191869735717773,
-0.4884791672229767,
0.16428032517433167,
0.6422640085220337,
-0.5866366624832153,
0.27635064721107483,
-0.8680300712585449,
0.0486331507563591,
1.00331449508667,
0.14154116809368134,
0.8700315952301025,
0.545366644859314,
-0.5786113142967224,
0.13743090629577637,
-0.1830749213695526,
0.6897413730621338,
-0.41413193941116333,
0.779377818107605,
-0.2830377221107483,
0.473332017660141,
-0.7183784246444702,
0.21936285495758057,
0.2584572434425354,
-0.46224671602249146,
-0.09720509499311447,
-0.05687720328569412,
-0.47664913535118103,
-0.20829008519649506,
0.3101562559604645,
-0.5054219961166382,
-0.40189650654792786,
-0.37373125553131104,
0.1979488730430603,
0.4389968812465668,
-0.16697226464748383,
0.30292847752571106,
1.0732901096343994,
0.24276986718177795,
-0.16702425479888916,
0.07241407036781311,
-0.012582704424858093,
0.09739260375499725,
-0.32133954763412476,
-0.16095682978630066,
0.13078653812408447,
-0.02470645308494568,
-0.19238616526126862,
-0.22988992929458618,
0.33631181716918945,
0.37757718563079834,
0.11025791615247726,
-0.07169541716575623,
0.4574873745441437,
0.6863991618156433,
0.6054694056510925,
0.8375610113143921,
-0.23667208850383759,
0.11105252802371979,
0.6551225781440735,
0.2572769820690155,
-0.1904733031988144,
-0.1379784345626831,
-0.2641397714614868,
0.012796923518180847,
0.11517563462257385,
-0.4127998352050781,
0.313163697719574,
-0.8106300830841064,
-0.6051796078681946,
0.6133828163146973,
0.5699508190155029,
-0.24976161122322083,
0.9764488339424133,
0.2389908879995346
] |
|
any geologists here know anything about the polonium halos theory by robert gendry? | this website [_url_0_](http://www._url_0_) claims that granite containing signs of polonium nuclear decay is evidence of an instantaneous creation event 6000 years ago. now, i know this isn't true, and i can follow the counter arguments i've found [here](_url_1_). but gentry claims that he's been published many times in reputable journals, and that there are no scientific, peer reviewed refutations of his work. i'm not a geologist, so i was hoping for some help here. are there refutations of his work? is his work actually published in proper scientific journals? *edit* misspelled gentry's name. obviously you're not going to find him if he's misspelled. | i am a geologist. never heard of this particular flake. apparently, neither has google scholar. and the site you link to, although it refers to mr gendry's publication history, does not list a single such peer-reviewed paper. you know, from his point of view, if he lied about his publication history, he can truthfully state that his publications have never been refuted. it is not uncommon for kooks to claim a non-existing history of peer-reviewed publication, placing the onus of refutation of the reader. i find it highly suspicious that just about the only thing he finds worth mentioning of his publications is that they have not been refuted. as a scientist, that is a claim i have never made about my own publications, and anybody with a different idea about my rocks is welcome to try it out. i'll add that a recent trend i've noticed has been the setting up of in-house journals for such uses (re: the whole creation-science publication industry). but in the case of this specific kook, i cannot find any data (are you sure the name is spelled right?). perhaps you might want to refer the question to someone with some degree of expertise in psychoceramics; perhaps the reverend ivan stang, which has made a point out studying and inventorying various kooks and assorted nuts, might be worth an e-mail about this (or even a call). edit: 10h23: woops, found a list of publications at the tail end of your link to the counter-argument which i hadn't bothered to check. the guy really published that stuff. the refutation is also well constructed. merely seeing granite termed "primordial" is cringeworthy (granites are one of the more evolved/diffrentiated igneous rocks). he was doubtlessly sincere, and provided his claim of not beeing refuted is true, it is perfectly understandable: his claims were so fantastically out in left field they are not even worth the bother of refuting. i am mostly left wondering how he got published at all? | 3 | [] | [
"halos.com",
"http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/po-halos/gentry.html",
"http://www.halos.com"
] | [
"http://pdfcast.org/pdf/polonium-radiohalos-not-creation",
"http://pdfcast.org/pdf/young-earth-polonium-radiohalos"
] | [
-5.161880016326904,
1.9019296169281006,
-3.4812819957733154,
-0.9265081882476807,
0.8369575142860413,
-1.6461169719696045,
-0.7476116418838501,
1.7447710037231445,
2.680107831954956,
-1.5001764297485352,
-0.38465219736099243,
1.0098483562469482,
0.9374523162841797,
-1.335568904876709,
-1.7152665853500366,
-1.6265168190002441,
-0.5691168904304504,
-3.693601608276367,
0.6336934566497803,
0.987737774848938,
-0.2293362319469452,
5.738393783569336,
3.1348519325256348,
0.6541242003440857,
0.05022859573364258,
-1.0417323112487793,
-1.759696125984192,
-0.08105267584323883,
-1.0867564678192139,
-2.323622465133667,
1.1580357551574707,
4.6458024978637695,
-2.627715826034546,
-2.193582534790039,
1.7134685516357422,
0.5243381261825562,
-1.1100910902023315,
2.2621939182281494,
2.248192548751831,
-0.5603550672531128,
0.9923006296157837,
-0.4959327280521393,
0.5006208419799805,
2.4280641078948975,
-0.3990255296230316,
2.2003071308135986,
-0.5935834646224976,
0.567071259021759,
-2.569091558456421,
0.9506819844245911,
-3.745372772216797,
-1.4769164323806763,
-0.5247659087181091,
-2.352158784866333,
0.9900439977645874,
-1.286023497581482,
-1.1874945163726807,
1.6911334991455078,
-0.8900001049041748,
-2.25650691986084,
1.3232144117355347,
1.9993805885314941,
-4.955672740936279,
2.6464247703552246,
3.8582825660705566,
0.27831822633743286,
-0.6418730020523071,
-1.9044297933578491,
-0.7688359022140503,
1.8908512592315674,
2.862215995788574,
0.698029637336731,
1.118601679801941,
5.19980001449585,
1.8869192600250244,
-1.2799129486083984,
-2.9901533126831055,
1.3342878818511963,
-1.1744195222854614,
-3.1943910121917725,
-0.029437363147735596,
-1.942007064819336,
0.12122713029384613,
-0.41646116971969604,
-0.20777122676372528,
-0.4002058207988739,
2.6075191497802734,
0.03582315146923065,
0.6413007974624634,
1.7430200576782227,
1.3257617950439453,
-2.6491520404815674,
4.633194446563721,
0.9257841110229492,
-2.7301268577575684,
2.6681747436523438,
0.6731067895889282,
-0.2955987751483917,
0.7338405251502991,
1.033031940460205,
-2.5339887142181396,
2.591883659362793,
0.4573657214641571,
-4.416724681854248,
-0.5097041130065918,
-4.401663303375244,
2.9071292877197266,
3.4377801418304443,
0.01218298077583313,
-1.7872025966644287,
-1.2044330835342407,
-1.8619139194488525,
0.8704175353050232,
-3.8268022537231445,
4.262497901916504,
-0.6159303188323975,
-1.734776258468628,
-1.1234365701675415,
-2.236248254776001,
-2.9200387001037598,
-0.28345733880996704,
3.2517926692962646,
-0.801520586013794,
2.835658550262451,
-2.727520227432251,
0.8909561634063721,
0.7754387855529785,
3.58172869682312,
3.5813722610473633,
2.898916482925415,
-1.6522082090377808,
-1.2354609966278076,
0.6139342784881592,
3.1368257999420166,
-0.27299073338508606,
-1.0063774585723877,
1.188550591468811,
-1.2352491617202759,
3.127791166305542,
6.955164432525635,
1.229879379272461,
-0.2359294295310974,
-0.889835000038147,
5.456515312194824,
-0.00082358717918396,
2.458148241043091,
1.8267736434936523,
-1.2342817783355713,
2.3246207237243652,
-0.8507454991340637,
-0.3794679045677185,
-1.1261096000671387,
-0.3721197545528412,
1.6107642650604248,
-1.065132975578308,
-3.6053977012634277,
0.7756825685501099,
2.944689989089966,
-0.3735162615776062,
2.255707263946533,
-0.9669209122657776,
-1.0780138969421387,
2.5926826000213623,
2.0761284828186035,
-1.6178051233291626,
-3.2248218059539795,
0.10047689080238342,
-0.25696659088134766,
2.572876453399658,
1.3928760290145874,
1.1760797500610352,
-0.5810430645942688,
-0.1015518456697464,
1.6985383033752441,
-2.655832052230835,
-1.774780035018921,
2.988386869430542,
1.2312016487121582,
1.0788118839263916,
2.5401480197906494,
-1.560433268547058,
-0.7362631559371948,
3.1180152893066406,
3.6687746047973633,
-2.446776866912842,
1.8186578750610352,
0.9867078065872192,
0.16067036986351013,
0.506278395652771,
5.56892728805542,
-2.449496030807495,
1.6580078601837158,
-1.2390474081039429,
-0.5379992127418518,
-3.551057815551758,
-0.05505958944559097,
0.49769920110702515,
-1.7713379859924316,
-2.031212091445923,
-1.9288557767868042,
-1.9784419536590576,
-0.9692942500114441,
0.6047723293304443,
-3.9988863468170166,
-0.9234939217567444,
-2.3680152893066406,
0.04499727487564087,
2.0832343101501465,
-1.2789777517318726,
-0.0057618021965026855,
0.19121721386909485,
-2.1468658447265625,
-6.589758396148682,
0.725077211856842,
3.7914390563964844,
3.399601697921753,
-2.2312521934509277,
-0.05884556472301483,
0.8723253607749939,
-0.40127432346343994,
-2.8877058029174805,
-4.869076251983643,
-0.3233011066913605,
-3.1520884037017822,
-4.022503852844238,
-3.3162291049957275,
-0.7123947739601135,
4.07499885559082,
-1.2148569822311401,
0.18573050200939178,
-1.0724587440490723,
1.1406750679016113,
4.533234119415283,
-3.0767910480499268,
1.3878123760223389,
-1.0107450485229492,
1.4891854524612427,
-2.6984453201293945,
-1.926528811454773,
0.06958344578742981,
-3.3793506622314453,
-1.5102107524871826,
-1.7981218099594116,
2.390143394470215,
-1.0695818662643433,
-0.32984861731529236,
-1.034925937652588,
0.6257866621017456,
-0.18974854052066803,
0.2391759157180786,
-0.9645979404449463,
-0.11920672655105591,
-1.907926082611084,
0.28705039620399475,
2.3720240592956543,
1.766365647315979,
-4.506314754486084,
0.8539572954177856,
-3.1662979125976562,
1.2543349266052246,
4.305859088897705,
-0.8945485949516296,
-2.3289780616760254,
-2.5860655307769775,
4.108121395111084,
1.6203163862228394,
-2.210106372833252,
-1.5757067203521729,
-1.7119611501693726,
0.04306986927986145,
-3.2000365257263184,
-0.9896049499511719,
4.872340679168701,
0.28001394867897034,
2.870014190673828,
2.9940507411956787,
0.7933912873268127,
-2.7839584350585938,
-3.811394453048706,
-0.6393660306930542,
-1.0054161548614502,
-2.1033365726470947,
1.060927152633667,
-0.8285220861434937,
1.1721447706222534,
0.7577526569366455,
-1.2215574979782104,
-1.7819148302078247,
-1.4659860134124756,
-0.7576920390129089,
0.24496427178382874,
3.822671413421631,
-1.7071040868759155,
-0.1333179771900177,
3.3688130378723145,
-2.2136342525482178,
-0.4559415876865387,
-2.062211751937866,
2.1309597492218018,
3.1533265113830566,
-0.6944615244865417,
-2.039418935775757,
-1.9751999378204346,
2.8384737968444824,
1.4756841659545898,
0.9601233601570129,
-2.670067548751831,
0.16129860281944275,
3.831411600112915,
-0.38912469148635864,
0.1991558074951172,
-5.116268157958984,
0.6272441148757935,
1.9812002182006836,
2.120925188064575,
0.40339988470077515,
-2.5532608032226562,
0.12652969360351562,
1.2378149032592773,
2.271820068359375,
2.623570442199707,
0.4684976041316986,
1.4746404886245728,
3.103738307952881,
0.3021867275238037,
0.5469566583633423,
1.6060285568237305,
-3.0159530639648438,
-2.536578893661499,
1.614609718322754,
-3.739454507827759,
-2.1615488529205322,
-5.597904205322266,
-1.8238162994384766,
1.8666126728057861,
-0.988226056098938,
-0.20666921138763428,
-1.8642418384552002,
-4.3239006996154785,
0.29903745651245117,
0.1048848032951355,
2.3391335010528564,
2.7791171073913574,
-2.8254570960998535,
0.6493948698043823,
2.2653424739837646,
2.6880695819854736,
-3.623335123062134,
-1.1695663928985596,
1.2247672080993652,
-2.225210189819336,
3.314786195755005,
1.7036042213439941,
-1.3955388069152832,
2.550539255142212,
-2.076627254486084,
-0.7024981379508972,
2.5756759643554688,
0.5258145928382874,
-2.3253839015960693,
1.127127766609192,
1.5303937196731567,
1.2111210823059082,
6.403216361999512,
-1.3244014978408813,
1.95231032371521,
-0.6733075380325317,
-0.30576974153518677,
1.9880000352859497,
-1.4030286073684692,
0.4492131769657135,
-2.2571961879730225,
1.3374134302139282,
-2.4750418663024902,
1.6987900733947754,
1.9356367588043213,
1.1742832660675049,
-0.704929769039154,
-4.524936199188232,
-2.008370876312256,
3.705611228942871,
-1.5604729652404785,
3.5879364013671875,
2.764005661010742
] |
why am i getting shocked while holding a basketball? | i was playing basketball with my son in the backyard. he discovered that when he bounced a basketball on the cement, then held on to the basketball and touched an item that was grounded (palm tree, fruit tree, basketball hoop, etc) he got a shock. we tried to isolate the variables for him to get a shock: (1) standing on the cement (2) basketball in hand (3) touching a grounded item directly other variables: if he stepped of the cement - no shock if he didn't have the basketball on hand - no shock the palm trees (other items) could be on top of the cement or not - shock the cement continues as a walk way all around our yard - shock every where does it mean that there is an electric current touching the cement? why does the shock only occur when he has the ball in his hands? | the electric shock could have had another cause than friction between your son and the basketball. especially if you consider that a basketball is made out of rubber, which is also known as an insulator. thus free electrons are going to be incredibly hard to form, you'll need way more energy to do this than the energy that is present on a warm day whilst playing basketball. your son probably charged himself through friction (clothes), which along with a lower humidity (as seens on warmer days) is bound to happen. causing your son to experience a shock as he shorted himself through a grounded object. more info about this topic : [electrostatic discharge](_url_0_) | 2 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge"
] | [
-0.7308298349380493,
1.2615232467651367,
1.034342646598816,
-0.1605435609817505,
-0.12770473957061768,
-1.1846599578857422,
1.4570447206497192,
1.6483546495437622,
0.06940457969903946,
0.349544882774353,
0.6688634753227234,
-0.04501470923423767,
-0.39323312044143677,
1.6025232076644897,
1.8941621780395508,
-1.255516529083252,
0.08666181564331055,
0.7668785452842712,
-1.914691686630249,
0.01695634052157402,
0.7327367663383484,
0.9400427341461182,
-0.19725140929222107,
-2.1196281909942627,
-2.005642890930176,
0.22403690218925476,
1.056433916091919,
0.6113983392715454,
-0.41341689229011536,
-0.30856597423553467,
-0.4544459581375122,
-1.182291865348816,
-0.9904429912567139,
-0.6183719038963318,
0.8268847465515137,
-0.3555832505226135,
-1.1706328392028809,
0.7142918109893799,
-1.1035830974578857,
-1.1838593482971191,
0.05063310265541077,
-1.1719729900360107,
0.5670051574707031,
1.0592678785324097,
-0.8625403642654419,
2.0619330406188965,
0.6472799777984619,
-0.7594386339187622,
0.7176240086555481,
-1.4468731880187988,
-0.1313878297805786,
0.8590346574783325,
1.2948553562164307,
-0.9057344198226929,
-1.223960041999817,
-0.403523325920105,
0.7834768295288086,
-0.0603724867105484,
-1.3312397003173828,
-0.05171814560890198,
-1.1427464485168457,
0.912050724029541,
0.2080368995666504,
0.3506723940372467,
1.1233582496643066,
-0.8556060791015625,
0.22501087188720703,
-0.0455891489982605,
-0.001597285270690918,
1.0178738832473755,
1.2907620668411255,
-0.16537217795848846,
-0.6317249536514282,
-0.4229831099510193,
0.7712078094482422,
-0.5481806397438049,
-2.600046157836914,
0.6836342811584473,
-1.047297716140747,
-0.3653850555419922,
0.8219760656356812,
0.27280423045158386,
-1.4008400440216064,
0.2593260407447815,
-2.0375659465789795,
1.8207224607467651,
0.8618465662002563,
0.0739227831363678,
-0.33955034613609314,
0.8297860622406006,
-0.9805350303649902,
0.6727892160415649,
0.5124440789222717,
-0.4859311580657959,
1.3939261436462402,
0.8884223699569702,
-1.2089552879333496,
-1.2178159952163696,
-2.0428667068481445,
-0.8064558506011963,
-0.4244667887687683,
-0.33235982060432434,
-3.42583966255188,
1.5344879627227783,
-0.33038121461868286,
-0.40242356061935425,
0.5635298490524292,
1.0696585178375244,
-0.598650336265564,
0.21742558479309082,
-0.06985896080732346,
0.06626629829406738,
0.34958720207214355,
-0.35404539108276367,
-0.7121155261993408,
0.49910473823547363,
-0.01451098918914795,
-0.7818127274513245,
-1.3032262325286865,
0.7119671106338501,
0.3474062979221344,
-1.4004528522491455,
-1.8489563465118408,
1.5263745784759521,
0.7387116551399231,
-2.14133882522583,
0.6897045969963074,
1.6294143199920654,
0.4422643780708313,
0.17932823300361633,
0.5921286940574646,
-0.8510714769363403,
0.31616485118865967,
-0.4384321868419647,
-0.8716747164726257,
0.02723592519760132,
1.6022348403930664,
-0.6093868017196655,
-0.6621865034103394,
0.8020791411399841,
0.7664855122566223,
1.405487060546875,
-0.6830375790596008,
-1.4386831521987915,
-1.175417184829712,
-0.0006856918334960938,
0.19713997840881348,
-1.4368464946746826,
-0.8970939517021179,
-0.5696024894714355,
0.6803420186042786,
0.1315009593963623,
0.3880159556865692,
1.6949186325073242,
-1.1332288980484009,
-1.474352478981018,
-0.20852649211883545,
0.5792596340179443,
0.6599692702293396,
0.9298754930496216,
-1.0232175588607788,
1.2020738124847412,
-0.06423211097717285,
1.7684803009033203,
0.20312067866325378,
-0.14841912686824799,
-0.30188626050949097,
-0.5133416652679443,
-0.689799964427948,
-1.5136176347732544,
-0.16635006666183472,
0.44270995259284973,
-0.5032405853271484,
-1.5112276077270508,
-0.890475869178772,
-1.0892804861068726,
-2.5195131301879883,
-0.4723445177078247,
0.5747225284576416,
1.352939248085022,
2.1886401176452637,
-0.20620542764663696,
0.8344965577125549,
-0.06161689758300781,
0.49144992232322693,
-0.059618979692459106,
-0.1281580626964569,
-0.12285372614860535,
1.5604965686798096,
0.46025800704956055,
-0.5882246494293213,
0.20444124937057495,
-2.1096417903900146,
-0.020246803760528564,
0.08375532925128937,
0.8185144066810608,
-0.9252307415008545,
-0.42640000581741333,
-0.9654618501663208,
-0.4448264241218567,
0.1673172414302826,
-0.46061763167381287,
-0.49027881026268005,
-0.7363839149475098,
-0.33650773763656616,
-0.028196275234222412,
-0.08485332131385803,
-1.8636130094528198,
-1.7951164245605469,
-1.4008393287658691,
-0.170378178358078,
-1.3461171388626099,
-0.37903428077697754,
-0.08060996234416962,
-0.2243557870388031,
0.4811992049217224,
-1.4422073364257812,
1.8907358646392822,
-0.47868776321411133,
-0.40766581892967224,
-0.47731396555900574,
0.26267117261886597,
0.6632761359214783,
-1.5304241180419922,
0.8130202293395996,
0.6911153197288513,
-1.4091620445251465,
2.2671964168548584,
0.5071496963500977,
0.6903679370880127,
-0.2660694420337677,
0.388963520526886,
-0.3988034725189209,
1.6580185890197754,
-1.335321068763733,
0.4123305678367615,
-1.678560495376587,
0.4104371964931488,
1.10188627243042,
0.10183310508728027,
-0.9871781468391418,
0.5059609413146973,
-0.30697789788246155,
0.8847719430923462,
0.25194138288497925,
1.4723045825958252,
1.3177247047424316,
0.16202595829963684,
-0.01266951858997345,
0.029061585664749146,
-0.393096387386322,
0.5296459197998047,
-0.7009953260421753,
0.9518447518348694,
-0.27116116881370544,
1.5666725635528564,
-0.3837421238422394,
-0.6259662508964539,
-0.41624587774276733,
-0.8815916180610657,
0.7372151017189026,
0.3625102639198303,
-0.605465292930603,
-1.8854444026947021,
1.5128180980682373,
0.22695669531822205,
0.9233744144439697,
1.783280611038208,
-0.707000732421875,
0.044268324971199036,
-0.032485272735357285,
-1.8833140134811401,
0.9078831076622009,
0.8193836808204651,
1.4271759986877441,
-0.9809883236885071,
-1.2549238204956055,
-0.3369286060333252,
0.24063774943351746,
0.6742146015167236,
-0.821610689163208,
-1.6561484336853027,
-0.7683009505271912,
1.1520956754684448,
0.9438609480857849,
-0.2579677104949951,
-0.44123268127441406,
-1.6343324184417725,
1.476041316986084,
0.36362501978874207,
-1.1939451694488525,
1.4829658269882202,
1.6430970430374146,
0.5301661491394043,
0.6920575499534607,
0.46633416414260864,
0.5393949151039124,
0.042236894369125366,
-0.5372766852378845,
0.89405357837677,
1.0303027629852295,
-0.059106506407260895,
-1.470258355140686,
-0.6396317481994629,
-2.0063796043395996,
-0.040675222873687744,
-0.2967839241027832,
0.7024100422859192,
0.8199192881584167,
-0.5609285831451416,
-0.5372362732887268,
-0.44634437561035156,
0.360156774520874,
0.6860612630844116,
-0.8818625807762146,
1.2517008781433105,
0.47445976734161377,
1.3221577405929565,
-0.47485750913619995,
0.7671489715576172,
0.5610283017158508,
0.13339123129844666,
0.8378788828849792,
0.8479440212249756,
1.1147927045822144,
1.348023533821106,
0.7937611937522888,
-0.14284385740756989,
0.7406916618347168,
0.06425485014915466,
0.3464410901069641,
-0.5578826665878296,
2.4666662216186523,
-0.22562655806541443,
1.9383153915405273,
1.11737060546875,
-1.2237597703933716,
0.38254496455192566,
-0.9477957487106323,
-0.23397007584571838,
-0.2027706801891327,
-0.21883711218833923,
0.37190330028533936,
1.437638282775879,
-0.07856206595897675,
-0.25707119703292847,
0.18839634954929352,
0.2651790380477905,
-1.3900704383850098,
0.8826123476028442,
-0.8364237546920776,
0.6400294303894043,
1.6853998899459839,
0.653653621673584,
-0.05795250087976456,
-0.5256396532058716,
0.25326135754585266,
-0.5353411436080933,
-0.10010217130184174,
-0.5836834907531738,
-1.263885736465454,
-0.3144715428352356,
-0.9924994707107544,
1.9593082666397095,
-0.10399553179740906,
1.0675647258758545,
-0.9639599919319153,
-0.029909208416938782,
-2.1601836681365967,
2.3436007499694824,
-0.4054296314716339,
1.6570982933044434,
0.1580176055431366,
-0.0904209315776825,
1.5304707288742065,
-0.9947959184646606,
0.032923996448516846,
0.8287091255187988,
-0.4798843264579773,
0.7125208973884583,
1.07924485206604,
1.2340261936187744,
1.1566047668457031,
1.1830897331237793
] |
how do we determine the force of an electromagnet? | how can we accurately determine a pull force of an electromagnet? say i have one of those junkyard magnet that is use to lift cars and such, and have a certain amount of current running through it how do i calculate the maximum force that the electromagnet can pull? | i feel like [this](_url_0_) gives a really good explanation on how you can calculate it. the calculation, by the way, is approximately equal to the current multiplied by the number of turns/loops in the coil divided by the length of the coil, however this assumes air for the core (or really any core with a relative permeability of 1). the page goes through all of the information in a relatively simplistic bite sized way with some simplifications here and there so i wouldn't use the information for reference in some form of research paper, but if the calculation is for some engineering project or for fun then it will definitely suffice. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnets.html"
] | [
-1.656479001045227,
1.028188705444336,
-0.5415748357772827,
-1.218315839767456,
-0.927445650100708,
-0.34951120615005493,
0.7583712935447693,
1.0650949478149414,
1.1288073062896729,
-0.5665978193283081,
1.2704566717147827,
-1.6372337341308594,
1.0950435400009155,
-0.11464330554008484,
-0.3055040240287781,
-0.47513800859451294,
-0.066629558801651,
-0.6871802806854248,
-1.9476133584976196,
-0.34227463603019714,
1.044189453125,
0.35955843329429626,
-0.2596532702445984,
0.1586642861366272,
0.5520515441894531,
-0.09409840404987335,
0.30692583322525024,
0.92336505651474,
1.1584300994873047,
-1.6103649139404297,
-0.19651955366134644,
0.7763233184814453,
-0.31604140996932983,
0.13035649061203003,
-0.49400752782821655,
-0.2614995241165161,
0.012808799743652344,
0.39986568689346313,
0.4404955506324768,
0.7859842777252197,
0.45686036348342896,
-0.13773128390312195,
0.4066353440284729,
1.3230302333831787,
1.9097559452056885,
0.9876052737236023,
-0.5614515542984009,
-0.11779876053333282,
-1.40085768699646,
0.5920224785804749,
0.20835138857364655,
0.5956106185913086,
0.04162529110908508,
-0.052897632122039795,
0.42398619651794434,
-0.6798079013824463,
0.3394091725349426,
-1.8187342882156372,
-0.8656381368637085,
-0.8221802115440369,
-1.0905394554138184,
0.034370437264442444,
-0.8114116191864014,
0.956705629825592,
0.8092336654663086,
-0.24925687909126282,
0.538346529006958,
-0.2756614089012146,
-0.09710244834423065,
1.489707112312317,
0.23052403330802917,
-0.5738033652305603,
-0.8204859495162964,
-0.06767243146896362,
0.35661184787750244,
-0.4878702759742737,
-0.8565024733543396,
1.8083579540252686,
-0.6853465437889099,
-1.2664417028427124,
0.06209626793861389,
-0.045630425214767456,
-1.03816556930542,
-0.9504076838493347,
-0.10242778062820435,
0.5527876615524292,
2.3626935482025146,
0.5070598721504211,
1.05927312374115,
0.05364900827407837,
-0.32356730103492737,
0.19461864233016968,
-1.8166605234146118,
-0.30153703689575195,
-0.25193870067596436,
1.61863112449646,
0.5396713614463806,
-0.9336084127426147,
0.6248775124549866,
1.542262315750122,
-0.8052459955215454,
1.1646581888198853,
-1.2984297275543213,
-0.00018703937530517578,
-0.26061123609542847,
-1.04298734664917,
-0.31089580059051514,
-0.0619540810585022,
0.5906724333763123,
-0.9489301443099976,
-0.7040892839431763,
-1.0195279121398926,
-0.2972329556941986,
0.058071911334991455,
0.2241123616695404,
-0.8300646543502808,
1.4683449268341064,
-0.18232662975788116,
0.5124077796936035,
-1.132203459739685,
0.11939685046672821,
0.6799014210700989,
-0.5242577791213989,
1.1136775016784668,
-0.2545572519302368,
-0.7571757435798645,
0.3757779896259308,
0.404738187789917,
-1.1269525289535522,
-0.5968973636627197,
0.9477410912513733,
-0.21802189946174622,
0.09012933075428009,
-1.1997405290603638,
-0.2757914662361145,
-0.06828059256076813,
1.1437129974365234,
0.5611414313316345,
-0.4155096113681793,
0.47318124771118164,
0.5584765076637268,
0.9455844163894653,
0.5370959639549255,
-0.33327415585517883,
0.2766111493110657,
1.3767999410629272,
-0.25070083141326904,
-1.2501634359359741,
-0.43265974521636963,
-0.621900737285614,
0.056722402572631836,
-0.9515124559402466,
0.7115742564201355,
0.16913703083992004,
0.06058304011821747,
-1.1340203285217285,
-0.5415623188018799,
0.27636370062828064,
0.9137347936630249,
0.1521260291337967,
-0.6077464818954468,
1.146604061126709,
0.8430672287940979,
1.5413801670074463,
0.8651119470596313,
0.495245099067688,
0.18359915912151337,
0.750582218170166,
0.06532877683639526,
0.3741989731788635,
0.6691875457763672,
0.373892605304718,
-0.7177009582519531,
-0.3873032331466675,
0.7346137762069702,
-0.053306445479393005,
-0.11860406398773193,
-0.1225401759147644,
-0.04950762912631035,
1.0442078113555908,
0.38671451807022095,
-0.533310055732727,
1.5311353206634521,
1.2819396257400513,
-0.5652332305908203,
-0.483795166015625,
0.3204798102378845,
1.6763666868209839,
-1.2300629615783691,
-0.09710702300071716,
-2.0479464530944824,
-0.8130419254302979,
-1.1073579788208008,
0.8528212308883667,
-1.1754205226898193,
-1.2209564447402954,
0.898007869720459,
-0.5767743587493896,
-1.6634488105773926,
0.4891475439071655,
-1.0600978136062622,
-1.394101858139038,
0.787869930267334,
-0.6655478477478027,
0.2934545874595642,
-0.2708844244480133,
-0.6422882080078125,
0.4275178015232086,
-0.8290590643882751,
1.7280614376068115,
0.6366304755210876,
-3.6677627563476562,
0.05633595585823059,
-0.519493818283081,
1.1404746770858765,
1.3699533939361572,
0.14967967569828033,
-0.9525586366653442,
-1.5988304615020752,
0.5793823003768921,
0.8851032257080078,
-0.13436198234558105,
0.5035542249679565,
-1.6049633026123047,
-1.9943370819091797,
-0.5906537771224976,
-0.09469110518693924,
1.3096728324890137,
0.8934064507484436,
0.03158339858055115,
1.4646445512771606,
-1.088636040687561,
0.9811421632766724,
0.4577469527721405,
-0.16428852081298828,
-0.27155378460884094,
0.09300866723060608,
0.1505856215953827,
0.2880735397338867,
-1.0058015584945679,
-1.5634100437164307,
-1.3426134586334229,
0.10367399454116821,
0.6677758097648621,
0.06411077082157135,
0.15418964624404907,
-0.006652116775512695,
-0.10625787079334259,
-0.01585477590560913,
1.4653772115707397,
-1.9515345096588135,
0.06172099709510803,
-0.398407518863678,
0.19546477496623993,
-0.058790549635887146,
-1.113779067993164,
-0.7481961250305176,
0.9972944259643555,
-1.2189762592315674,
-0.09405604004859924,
2.120190143585205,
0.49421563744544983,
-0.3031166195869446,
-0.8792707920074463,
1.3861851692199707,
0.3342322111129761,
0.032694071531295776,
0.37506112456321716,
-0.6066929697990417,
-0.5752021074295044,
0.4127621650695801,
-0.5992745757102966,
0.718826949596405,
-0.8417339324951172,
1.0411120653152466,
-0.1831768900156021,
-0.1179475486278534,
-0.3847339451313019,
-1.088564157485962,
0.3080163300037384,
-0.3613224923610687,
-1.4539940357208252,
0.8084601163864136,
0.05468256026506424,
-0.06714115291833878,
-0.8059723377227783,
0.1286008358001709,
-0.14077460765838623,
-0.2690625488758087,
-0.3833945393562317,
-0.644315779209137,
0.57967209815979,
-1.531391978263855,
-0.037633590400218964,
0.675604522228241,
0.7990615963935852,
-1.0539487600326538,
-0.6887005567550659,
-0.47609227895736694,
0.41318240761756897,
0.6515414714813232,
-0.23401395976543427,
0.0035814866423606873,
0.5620092153549194,
-0.7889294028282166,
0.5127987265586853,
0.9057399034500122,
0.20699086785316467,
1.6441959142684937,
-0.103354811668396,
-0.7070404291152954,
-0.8164833784103394,
0.4912028908729553,
0.07575532048940659,
-0.7122746706008911,
0.614118218421936,
-0.75811767578125,
1.3894871473312378,
0.44492489099502563,
0.457144558429718,
0.3426079750061035,
-0.9918684959411621,
-0.13326582312583923,
1.4079620838165283,
0.004814237356185913,
0.6104633808135986,
0.10346299409866333,
-2.1295084953308105,
-0.19982056319713593,
0.8513875603675842,
0.7065382599830627,
-0.2569361627101898,
0.041533540934324265,
-0.6576293706893921,
0.04886104166507721,
-0.16320830583572388,
-0.6571967601776123,
0.3857591152191162,
-0.9097357988357544,
-0.2597423195838928,
-0.0500718355178833,
0.3140162527561188,
0.09820907562971115,
-0.49789687991142273,
0.14458340406417847,
0.5415170192718506,
0.25125059485435486,
2.4680423736572266,
-0.5466562509536743,
-0.7258099317550659,
-0.059693485498428345,
0.5539382696151733,
0.3877997100353241,
-0.11132901906967163,
1.68574059009552,
-1.1510943174362183,
-0.34467944502830505,
-0.01780320703983307,
0.6391391754150391,
1.1438523530960083,
0.33370381593704224,
-0.6087899208068848,
-0.43614810705184937,
2.1886978149414062,
1.2720460891723633,
1.316835641860962,
-0.05524925887584686,
-1.6603947877883911,
-0.19252270460128784,
-0.1540936827659607,
0.48880547285079956,
0.7465068101882935,
0.9875078201293945,
0.05185827612876892,
0.8208603858947754,
0.038074880838394165,
-0.2938304543495178,
-0.6838825941085815,
-1.3272775411605835,
0.665758490562439,
-0.4234275817871094,
0.8372148871421814,
1.987227201461792,
0.8885451555252075
] |
who owns the debt? mckinsey shows that debt increases. | _url_0_ how can debt in itself increase? who is providing this money? is the debt an issue? | debt increases whenever a new loan is originated. to simplify this from the global example, imagine two people in a closed economy who owe nothing to each other. there is zero debt in our hypothetical economy. if one of the two people wants to borrow money from the other, then she will owe the other one a debt until the amount is repaid. the lender loses cash now and the borrower gains the cash; the borrower also adds debt as a liability to her balance sheet. so just like that, debt is created out of thin air whenever a new loan is made. now, in terms of a global economy, loan providers mainly consist of central banks and private banks. central banks can lend and borrow money by buying and selling bonds (depending on the country in question), which are just simple debt contracts. private banks have more options to lend - car loans, home loans, student loans, etc. the money in this case basically originates from the country's printers at the end of the day. global debt isn't good or bad in itself. the size of a debt can be an indicator of how much investment activity is occurring, for example. some scenarios can cause debt to be a problem: massive deleveraging, for example, or an inability to repay. greece has the latter case; the usa and all of europe, a bit of the former. inability to repay debts is caused by an excessively large amount compared to a nation's productivity and can cause the interest rate on their debt to spike. the nation faces two choices: inflate their currency to reduce the real size of the debt, or default on the debt and make their creditors angry. greece is on the euro and can't inflate their way out of the problem. massive system wide deleveraging, on the other hand, is caused when for some reason everyone wants to reduce their debts at once. in recent times this happened after a huge credit boom and subsequent bust in 2008. if everyone cuts back on their economic activity to try to pay down their debt, it can cause the actual value of that debt to increase even as it's being paid off because the nation may slip into deflation. note that i'm talking about individual nations. we may at least partially be in a global deleveraging scenario now, although the research you linked suggests it's not a big one. but is the total amount of debt bad? not really. it's just an accounting number. it's only bad when everyone agrees it's bad and you see interest rates spike across the world. until such a thing happens, it's just a number. | 4 | [] | [
"http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/economic_studies/debt_and_not_much_deleveraging"
] | [] | [
-1.5254946947097778,
-1.418159008026123,
-6.35740327835083,
-3.1048941612243652,
1.643592357635498,
-1.7755669355392456,
-0.5645720958709717,
3.0534093379974365,
0.8016315698623657,
0.9611079692840576,
-0.6775931119918823,
2.58957839012146,
-0.8295340538024902,
-0.7002079486846924,
-3.6436262130737305,
-3.9404072761535645,
-5.005553245544434,
-6.866774559020996,
-3.2384657859802246,
6.686853885650635,
0.9078735113143921,
-2.4836504459381104,
0.1750725656747818,
-0.40074700117111206,
8.942907333374023,
0.9848423600196838,
0.5604469776153564,
-2.4537875652313232,
-0.8044716715812683,
-2.9640066623687744,
1.9530014991760254,
5.982341289520264,
4.238363265991211,
-0.26428714394569397,
4.159374237060547,
1.579315423965454,
1.5061664581298828,
1.3450634479522705,
-0.13468387722969055,
-3.952268600463867,
1.3006287813186646,
-2.879830837249756,
-2.907634973526001,
-0.26853588223457336,
-0.7877942323684692,
2.798798084259033,
9.236686706542969,
2.5140857696533203,
0.8289976119995117,
-2.6751608848571777,
1.8003116846084595,
1.7861840724945068,
0.26095473766326904,
-1.3479070663452148,
-1.0884199142456055,
-1.2967902421951294,
5.078425884246826,
-3.617114782333374,
0.2386123538017273,
1.8868739604949951,
-1.0355485677719116,
1.8191806077957153,
-0.12912513315677643,
1.8840543031692505,
6.693434715270996,
3.6975765228271484,
4.8680901527404785,
1.0081472396850586,
-8.890506744384766,
4.103498458862305,
4.757925510406494,
-6.315359592437744,
-4.010760307312012,
-4.664150238037109,
1.6160000562667847,
1.9429739713668823,
3.6353025436401367,
2.585244655609131,
4.781231880187988,
5.559295177459717,
-1.215120792388916,
-1.2205350399017334,
-1.537707805633545,
-4.666811466217041,
-2.775667190551758,
-2.2923386096954346,
2.6736013889312744,
-4.472115993499756,
8.372934341430664,
-1.4748456478118896,
3.705171585083008,
1.516815423965454,
6.166075706481934,
4.075850009918213,
-4.070988178253174,
2.136781692504883,
-1.0501987934112549,
-1.7064690589904785,
-2.424494981765747,
-0.01893894374370575,
0.755014955997467,
8.513449668884277,
-1.273343563079834,
0.6860623359680176,
5.679445266723633,
-0.9941918849945068,
1.244213342666626,
1.0704013109207153,
3.397088050842285,
-4.2390289306640625,
-1.9150971174240112,
1.5841883420944214,
1.1632671356201172,
-3.9838578701019287,
-0.38677436113357544,
5.3180975914001465,
0.623899519443512,
0.9732204675674438,
-4.362888336181641,
-4.761064052581787,
0.21663156151771545,
3.073079824447632,
-3.8899457454681396,
0.0117693692445755,
-0.724994421005249,
4.681952476501465,
-9.690564155578613,
2.870555877685547,
1.295286774635315,
-5.253941535949707,
3.506484031677246,
-2.478625535964966,
-4.7064032554626465,
-1.3813228607177734,
-2.874814510345459,
1.2572922706604004,
-0.7297030687332153,
-1.7933253049850464,
-2.9698245525360107,
-1.33927583694458,
7.010136127471924,
1.6116198301315308,
3.4629557132720947,
0.14989161491394043,
-4.289514541625977,
3.6775617599487305,
8.44364070892334,
3.2981271743774414,
-0.5315753817558289,
-3.4529027938842773,
3.6560606956481934,
-3.4305596351623535,
2.639265298843384,
-2.757042407989502,
-4.271141052246094,
-2.7078800201416016,
4.189558506011963,
-1.2468798160552979,
0.16788959503173828,
4.8354339599609375,
-1.3125544786453247,
4.931978702545166,
-3.238593101501465,
0.2853093147277832,
5.230614185333252,
2.9071624279022217,
-2.066246747970581,
-0.14869654178619385,
0.5093288421630859,
4.629889965057373,
0.3291587233543396,
3.9234530925750732,
1.867192029953003,
-5.241291522979736,
4.476674556732178,
-1.4022375345230103,
-4.6273579597473145,
0.7434171438217163,
-2.316289186477661,
-0.23184353113174438,
-4.451744079589844,
-1.5456509590148926,
-0.8781301379203796,
-2.7560782432556152,
-4.6260528564453125,
-4.535971164703369,
-1.9523828029632568,
-4.4952778816223145,
-0.4440758228302002,
-6.561051845550537,
-5.064450263977051,
6.851047992706299,
-4.168551445007324,
5.574463367462158,
-0.4668352007865906,
-0.2160857617855072,
-4.878459453582764,
1.4138057231903076,
-0.06411945819854736,
-0.6613025665283203,
-2.283799886703491,
0.49854576587677,
-0.9618759751319885,
2.837644100189209,
1.8316324949264526,
-1.0670409202575684,
1.8927239179611206,
-0.7286443710327148,
-2.4295406341552734,
-1.3955843448638916,
2.9553215503692627,
4.887585163116455,
0.37337183952331543,
2.6108696460723877,
1.1667824983596802,
-4.489527702331543,
8.00330638885498,
-2.8625121116638184,
-4.312225818634033,
-3.0005695819854736,
2.014784812927246,
-2.6031923294067383,
8.094980239868164,
-4.120481491088867,
0.207081139087677,
-3.6433229446411133,
-5.587430000305176,
4.179380416870117,
2.9526963233947754,
-2.0731866359710693,
-2.38088321685791,
-1.3393514156341553,
-0.4893453121185303,
-0.6347053647041321,
-6.3481550216674805,
-3.5780158042907715,
0.19460119307041168,
3.3458187580108643,
0.3229808211326599,
-3.606586456298828,
-2.082862377166748,
-2.5322799682617188,
1.8583250045776367,
-0.9003087878227234,
-2.5060524940490723,
0.41386327147483826,
3.9418277740478516,
-1.1996221542358398,
-0.6779208779335022,
1.0763037204742432,
-11.458130836486816,
0.01195739209651947,
1.8275798559188843,
1.5744543075561523,
-2.7996366024017334,
0.939435601234436,
-0.1427588164806366,
3.165109395980835,
-6.011857986450195,
-0.045776620507240295,
-1.279801368713379,
-3.5244088172912598,
-1.7041959762573242,
-3.0607895851135254,
3.4392499923706055,
-0.3684106171131134,
-1.0465549230575562,
-1.490738868713379,
-0.08141908049583435,
-4.073008060455322,
-1.4002156257629395,
-1.2329853773117065,
7.202132225036621,
-1.0842673778533936,
2.5439045429229736,
1.388108253479004,
3.1889891624450684,
3.588940143585205,
-5.866589546203613,
-0.3514479994773865,
6.15260124206543,
-1.3685156106948853,
-0.374065637588501,
3.407505750656128,
-1.4057271480560303,
-0.709925651550293,
-0.1908538043498993,
2.5292792320251465,
1.6477973461151123,
0.8703578114509583,
-0.5440770983695984,
0.09963668882846832,
2.5844948291778564,
0.49556413292884827,
3.002788782119751,
-5.283878803253174,
-7.616927146911621,
2.4509944915771484,
-1.5703506469726562,
5.441161632537842,
-2.177628755569458,
-1.6048613786697388,
1.031821608543396,
-2.1964516639709473,
-1.654639720916748,
-0.21397747099399567,
6.0960187911987305,
2.2526769638061523,
-1.258773684501648,
-3.076369524002075,
6.949350833892822,
-3.982132911682129,
-0.7703293561935425,
0.4485264718532562,
-4.642374038696289,
-1.3848354816436768,
-2.8072636127471924,
0.9271688461303711,
2.4357070922851562,
2.560696840286255,
-0.13702300190925598,
1.8320841789245605,
-4.422461986541748,
6.675406455993652,
0.42941150069236755,
-2.014742136001587,
2.737109661102295,
1.669488549232483,
0.5972250699996948,
4.53965950012207,
4.040576934814453,
2.0543556213378906,
-1.4806586503982544,
-3.2176337242126465,
-3.0170657634735107,
3.524285078048706,
-2.908656597137451,
-1.4210796356201172,
-5.586084365844727,
4.0128631591796875,
-0.7809128761291504,
7.299224376678467,
-2.271855354309082,
2.2409744262695312,
0.7960397601127625,
-1.7475149631500244,
1.3353534936904907,
10.365535736083984,
0.06902113556861877,
-0.06859959661960602,
0.47048258781433105,
0.8988049030303955,
3.5118346214294434,
-3.381631374359131,
-1.495376706123352,
0.06606107950210571,
2.8954641819000244,
-0.92200767993927,
-2.4480042457580566,
-0.25073403120040894,
-3.3886215686798096,
-1.7524813413619995,
-0.1870594620704651,
4.879006385803223,
4.263198375701904,
-1.6055152416229248,
-8.915105819702148,
-0.3357269763946533,
4.183502674102783,
-5.047824382781982,
1.1187280416488647,
2.1081643104553223,
4.466330528259277,
-1.9575979709625244,
3.838701009750366,
-5.9149394035339355,
-2.2762060165405273,
3.8846282958984375,
-4.0421342849731445,
-3.0015077590942383,
-0.8151155114173889,
-7.0357985496521,
6.7439775466918945,
-3.1374518871307373
] |
how does the treasury department determine appropriate debt maturity distributions? | with a lot of investors concerned with the possible [inversion of the yield curve](_url_2_), i was curious about how likely/possible it is for the treasury department to shift their auction amounts to higher duration notes/bonds and away from shorter bills/notes to steepen the yield curve. & nbsp; i've found that [average length](_url_1_) has been increasing for a few years, and the office of debt management [has a plan for future debt schedules](_url_0_) (page 27/29), but a lot of their explanations for their maturity schedule centers around vague terms like "maintaining liquidity". & nbsp; so, basically, what are the general factors that the treasury department considers when they create they determine maturity schedules and do they factor in monetary policy/federal reserve actions? & nbsp; thanks | sorry i don't have much time to give an in depth answer, but it all boils down to being able to honour your engagement. key words are liquidity issues, solvability issues (which can lead to partial or full defaulting aka bankruptcy). you might want to look into treasury management and more specifically asset liability management (alm) for more information. | 2 | [] | [
"https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/quarterly-refunding/Documents/August2015TreasuryPresentationToTBAC.pdf",
"https://www.quandl.com/data/USTREASURY/MATDIS-Maturity-Distribution-and-Average-Length-of-Marketable-Interest-Bearing-Public-Debt",
"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/invertedyieldcurve.asp"
] | [] | [
-0.5172426700592041,
0.3455538749694824,
-0.12710222601890564,
-0.5018681287765503,
-0.31760427355766296,
-0.15357398986816406,
0.04464908316731453,
0.42724329233169556,
0.12788859009742737,
0.5664169192314148,
-0.1521880030632019,
0.14833562076091766,
-0.04577331244945526,
-0.23479795455932617,
0.33595791459083557,
0.198225200176239,
0.4948226809501648,
-0.4248940348625183,
-0.39519545435905457,
0.594623863697052,
-0.10269689559936523,
0.059764474630355835,
-0.08478449285030365,
-0.55667644739151,
0.7172391414642334,
0.10097554326057434,
0.06381281465291977,
-0.011635184288024902,
-0.08203480392694473,
-0.022805998101830482,
0.09619171172380447,
0.48529118299484253,
0.11208723485469818,
0.34655749797821045,
0.33595985174179077,
0.12289600074291229,
-0.03886757791042328,
0.8191153407096863,
0.384478360414505,
-0.6057169437408447,
0.006914712488651276,
-0.11908747255802155,
-0.3693689703941345,
0.5960391163825989,
-0.6849169731140137,
-0.24286402761936188,
0.665448784828186,
0.10798386484384537,
-0.400333434343338,
0.18952403962612152,
-0.044890597462654114,
0.21982915699481964,
-0.11803341656923294,
0.6680393218994141,
-0.8232254981994629,
0.27219557762145996,
-0.07227437198162079,
-0.01820192113518715,
-0.22918087244033813,
-0.15809062123298645,
0.015067126601934433,
0.48936858773231506,
-0.04664304852485657,
0.36484789848327637,
0.9639260768890381,
0.2273060381412506,
0.36112165451049805,
0.8881771564483643,
-0.5004100799560547,
0.4450203478336334,
0.59612637758255,
-0.7613906264305115,
-1.0953874588012695,
0.0010371506214141846,
0.1812162697315216,
0.3644111156463623,
0.28653353452682495,
-0.1583225578069687,
0.35479027032852173,
0.34950321912765503,
-0.09853057563304901,
0.0166034996509552,
-0.3255766034126282,
-0.3394348621368408,
-0.6370652914047241,
-0.0715801939368248,
0.522936999797821,
0.37416350841522217,
0.4722491502761841,
0.274874746799469,
0.3099995255470276,
-0.08947426825761795,
0.7401403784751892,
0.37347686290740967,
0.6141575574874878,
-0.4459128975868225,
0.31054431200027466,
-0.7850136160850525,
-0.15236955881118774,
0.36900579929351807,
0.5028444528579712,
0.8239063024520874,
-0.46949368715286255,
-0.5592982769012451,
0.44067826867103577,
-0.1454911231994629,
0.24354827404022217,
0.538106381893158,
0.09620043635368347,
-0.6082915663719177,
-0.19852115213871002,
0.3461575508117676,
-0.13501256704330444,
-1.5729269981384277,
0.00794924795627594,
0.8782106041908264,
-1.0446494817733765,
0.5276711583137512,
0.11542084813117981,
-0.9473035931587219,
0.17142170667648315,
0.4359896183013916,
-0.5291581153869629,
0.25903937220573425,
-0.3081527650356293,
0.24743682146072388,
-1.3475165367126465,
0.09685584902763367,
-0.44915568828582764,
-0.7597223520278931,
-0.013110548257827759,
-0.06226762384176254,
-0.125386044383049,
0.44701147079467773,
0.4429745674133301,
0.15717342495918274,
-0.307233065366745,
0.12743087112903595,
0.5590673089027405,
0.854568600654602,
0.3242515027523041,
-0.6245755553245544,
-0.024667728692293167,
-0.31232601404190063,
-0.620036780834198,
1.4473844766616821,
0.4052668511867523,
-0.21825796365737915,
-0.28617754578590393,
-0.2570781707763672,
0.29549795389175415,
0.45532873272895813,
0.757845401763916,
-0.05406308174133301,
-0.1969965398311615,
-0.3479735851287842,
0.5250536799430847,
-0.5013055205345154,
0.27133846282958984,
0.5770009756088257,
0.0304764024913311,
-0.12593470513820648,
-0.07508112490177155,
0.5248482823371887,
-0.2981266379356384,
-0.5745853185653687,
0.0485130250453949,
-0.3146904706954956,
-0.7540932893753052,
0.3531324863433838,
0.2794885039329529,
0.9906405210494995,
-0.4553452730178833,
-0.2661658525466919,
0.40690895915031433,
0.1778973937034607,
0.21159066259860992,
0.045126207172870636,
-0.42906618118286133,
-0.5785409808158875,
-0.303803414106369,
-0.20950593054294586,
0.22022132575511932,
0.36399775743484497,
-0.41137346625328064,
-0.41440171003341675,
-0.14590612053871155,
-0.0764838308095932,
-0.03222682699561119,
-0.5235452055931091,
-0.426051527261734,
-0.044705476611852646,
-0.3874957859516144,
0.13866543769836426,
-0.14761336147785187,
-0.025409892201423645,
0.13839226961135864,
-0.2697586715221405,
-0.9970799088478088,
0.17328914999961853,
-0.3111313581466675,
-0.13172098994255066,
-0.31224334239959717,
-0.1274559497833252,
0.5641226768493652,
-0.08130988478660583,
0.2965487241744995,
0.1127534955739975,
-1.1614696979522705,
-0.17960402369499207,
0.6585462093353271,
0.6949378848075867,
-0.33157557249069214,
0.6722292900085449,
0.3500152826309204,
-0.3354475498199463,
0.4684098958969116,
0.319609135389328,
-0.4177284836769104,
-0.30964797735214233,
-0.10551965236663818,
0.09427662193775177,
1.042438268661499,
-0.45912984013557434,
-0.7717005014419556,
-0.9336117506027222,
-0.9952780604362488,
0.11644503474235535,
0.7399880886077881,
-0.4316340386867523,
-0.5453104972839355,
-0.3096436858177185,
0.17336051166057587,
-0.10332883149385452,
-0.9955601692199707,
-0.02583576738834381,
-0.06902769953012466,
0.3392801880836487,
-1.32383131980896,
-0.6926465034484863,
-0.27088284492492676,
-0.6606835126876831,
0.4927709400653839,
0.3494957685470581,
-0.13054421544075012,
1.006794810295105,
-0.22515922784805298,
-0.5017117857933044,
0.08885077387094498,
0.28940707445144653,
-1.3426671028137207,
-0.6607241630554199,
0.8452320694923401,
0.4892968237400055,
-1.0157716274261475,
-0.043315447866916656,
-0.6362371444702148,
0.5250915884971619,
-0.6419912576675415,
-0.4233990013599396,
0.574147641658783,
-0.703916609287262,
-0.34245359897613525,
-0.40016067028045654,
0.5096811056137085,
0.39773473143577576,
0.4249395430088043,
-0.5520890951156616,
-0.3775230646133423,
0.14259842038154602,
0.13200029730796814,
-0.36077675223350525,
1.356330156326294,
0.3971317708492279,
0.07058042287826538,
-0.3826787769794464,
0.5854061841964722,
-0.19966746866703033,
-0.6272225379943848,
0.6010245084762573,
0.7997065782546997,
-1.2077072858810425,
-0.3087894320487976,
0.2727644443511963,
0.3353846073150635,
0.47599607706069946,
0.30749940872192383,
0.2672242224216461,
-0.248845636844635,
0.08753746002912521,
-0.6191673278808594,
-0.1565093696117401,
-1.3072466850280762,
-0.2750740647315979,
0.2473045289516449,
-0.8733320236206055,
-0.5244798064231873,
-0.17801475524902344,
0.9019321203231812,
0.40400081872940063,
0.3177223801612854,
-0.939975917339325,
-0.519819974899292,
-0.5717736482620239,
-0.4195806682109833,
0.3826422393321991,
-0.06250003725290298,
0.10867658257484436,
0.044646814465522766,
0.022423386573791504,
0.37019336223602295,
-0.0660286396741867,
0.03545760735869408,
-0.08317530155181885,
-1.1033779382705688,
-0.4618852734565735,
0.2875068187713623,
0.27934345602989197,
0.29212039709091187,
0.5474233627319336,
-0.40511298179626465,
0.08781740069389343,
-0.03553077578544617,
0.16160552203655243,
0.059589728713035583,
0.6243064403533936,
-0.1859925389289856,
0.03466595709323883,
0.015406161546707153,
0.2377907633781433,
0.3324381411075592,
-0.16169756650924683,
-0.7626593112945557,
-1.0001428127288818,
-0.5209132432937622,
-0.21757367253303528,
-0.46931520104408264,
0.3233444094657898,
-0.4344307780265808,
0.19723987579345703,
0.2869532108306885,
0.559326171875,
-0.37079697847366333,
-0.13052794337272644,
0.1812036782503128,
0.7010837197303772,
0.09940759837627411,
0.9009369015693665,
-0.10903970897197723,
-0.07681041955947876,
-0.03299333155155182,
0.786918044090271,
1.1712794303894043,
-0.5088598728179932,
0.20439423620700836,
-0.027147740125656128,
0.4969348907470703,
0.055097877979278564,
-0.034538865089416504,
-0.41711539030075073,
-0.18061181902885437,
0.3446112275123596,
0.5389585494995117,
0.8764897584915161,
-0.15436184406280518,
0.42972278594970703,
-0.6874610781669617,
0.2807832956314087,
0.7120255827903748,
-0.5746364593505859,
0.20523765683174133,
-0.8854214549064636,
0.5021802186965942,
-0.25326868891716003,
0.35032975673675537,
1.0286744832992554,
0.6328163743019104,
0.2288425862789154,
0.045802921056747437,
-0.1292506754398346,
0.43757879734039307,
-0.7428833842277527,
1.0790351629257202,
0.3726354241371155
] |
why do morbs have less lrees than oibs? | why do mid-ocean ridge basalts contain less light rees than ocean island basalts? i understand, so far, that ocean island basalts are more differentiated than mid-ocean ridge basalts (because oibs originate from the lower mantle). could someone please explain this trend to me in a bit more detail? & #x200b; is it because oibs are sourced farther from the surface than morbs, therefore, they are more likely to pick up lrees as they make their way to the crust? & #x200b; thanks in advance! | there are three main reasons: (1) the morb mantle source was previously melt depleted. modern morb generation represents a second stage of melting, and therefore there are less lrees available in this second stage. (2) the oib source is generally enriched in lrees by some mantle endmember (e.g. enriched contaminant). this may be a few percent of sediment, subducted crust, upper continental crust, or something else. (3) oibs are generated more deeply than morbs. oib melting begins in the deep garnet peridotite facies, whereas morb melting is within the shallower spinel peridotite facies. because garnet sucks up hrees (heavy rees), all oibs have higher lrees than hrees. some quick things: oibs are generated in the uppermost upper mantle not the lower mantle. the mantle source for oibs may be sourced from the lower mantle, depending on the oib locality in question. oibs are not necessarily more differentiated than morbs, but they are more enriched in incompatibles. this is related to the idea that the mantle sources of morbs and oibs are different. in broad strokes: morb melt generation is shallow and there is no lithospheric mantle that separates the morb melting region from the crust. upwelling is slow and the melting region is cool. this leads to lower degree partial melts from previously depleted mantle. the result is basalts that are depleted in lrees and have flat hrees. oib melt generation is deep and is separated from the crust (usually) by a layer of lithospheric mantle. this lithospheric mantle pushes the melting region into the garnet peridotite facies. the oib melting source is usually hotter and more fertile. this typically results in incompatibly enriched basalts, but oibs have a lot of variability and can erupt lavas with incredibly heterogeneous chemical compositions. almost everything in the first three sentences of this paragraph varies from oib locality to oib locality. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-5.077230453491211,
6.27336311340332,
3.8476669788360596,
2.078963041305542,
-3.307297468185425,
-4.687013626098633,
-2.6547205448150635,
1.012568473815918,
2.1453537940979004,
-0.3705194592475891,
-2.745116710662842,
-6.023752689361572,
0.26577723026275635,
-3.211292266845703,
4.354973793029785,
0.99847811460495,
-3.1819818019866943,
-0.09182064235210419,
-0.10960914194583893,
-1.4567296504974365,
3.1910223960876465,
2.3515713214874268,
-1.8983757495880127,
1.1704800128936768,
0.5549379587173462,
-0.5277471542358398,
-3.4270713329315186,
2.398627281188965,
2.081308364868164,
-1.7953016757965088,
0.008195996284484863,
3.6421959400177,
0.39235079288482666,
-1.3439537286758423,
2.594297409057617,
2.129883050918579,
0.6550196409225464,
-3.2228379249572754,
-2.3599865436553955,
3.455665349960327,
-1.518439769744873,
-0.8403038382530212,
2.4250056743621826,
3.8940255641937256,
-0.4206816256046295,
2.5671193599700928,
4.561804294586182,
-2.1744608879089355,
-4.271235942840576,
-2.4009740352630615,
-2.0708515644073486,
-2.1664936542510986,
-4.117208003997803,
3.730093240737915,
-1.0282390117645264,
2.355276584625244,
2.5938360691070557,
-0.6884827017784119,
-0.13281288743019104,
-2.6324892044067383,
0.6014049649238586,
2.7231874465942383,
-0.14384602010250092,
-0.9738743305206299,
6.343877792358398,
0.0081443190574646,
1.783052682876587,
-3.5014939308166504,
-1.7223483324050903,
3.561099052429199,
1.042222023010254,
-0.7216155529022217,
-2.5773532390594482,
-5.428839683532715,
1.4999384880065918,
-0.9880715608596802,
-1.1537754535675049,
1.7024891376495361,
-0.3564779460430145,
-0.5880845785140991,
0.015329335816204548,
-1.0298371315002441,
-2.6455612182617188,
-1.8275713920593262,
-0.11547774076461792,
-1.1967015266418457,
-2.538267135620117,
0.7392040491104126,
-1.5690834522247314,
2.1948421001434326,
0.5072461366653442,
-0.9021412134170532,
-1.8423932790756226,
5.480033874511719,
-1.6032105684280396,
3.147921085357666,
2.3947033882141113,
-1.1118630170822144,
5.401801586151123,
-1.4076826572418213,
-0.4622766971588135,
2.689513683319092,
-6.8921799659729,
2.725437641143799,
-3.538034439086914,
-2.403160572052002,
2.0110957622528076,
7.394505977630615,
-0.32707875967025757,
2.435556650161743,
-0.6764370203018188,
-2.18278431892395,
2.7687325477600098,
-1.658022403717041,
-0.18806250393390656,
-3.8652091026306152,
2.915496826171875,
1.351231336593628,
-7.596780300140381,
-1.775301218032837,
1.085456371307373,
-0.2479170262813568,
1.806334376335144,
6.710684776306152,
2.495736598968506,
-2.483616828918457,
-2.6567630767822266,
1.816005825996399,
8.136646270751953,
1.332383155822754,
1.0647050142288208,
0.5424763560295105,
-0.5438439846038818,
1.8259879350662231,
1.0044267177581787,
-0.6476253271102905,
-0.8614171743392944,
-1.6339999437332153,
-1.7996348142623901,
5.048769474029541,
-1.2920256853103638,
1.8901264667510986,
-2.487908363342285,
-2.627621650695801,
0.5039180517196655,
-0.1659717708826065,
-1.8416180610656738,
0.5704508423805237,
1.4591726064682007,
-3.096221923828125,
-1.1587560176849365,
-1.0953171253204346,
-3.155339479446411,
1.3281214237213135,
0.05083706974983215,
-2.2092535495758057,
-8.15417766571045,
1.6973927021026611,
3.2846524715423584,
1.4900612831115723,
0.38207998871803284,
-0.37101948261260986,
1.026979684829712,
2.6701176166534424,
-0.15843141078948975,
-0.5498641729354858,
-3.6610207557678223,
-1.454837679862976,
2.6811392307281494,
-1.5196820497512817,
2.5161352157592773,
0.3831770420074463,
7.34975004196167,
-1.6781314611434937,
5.271127700805664,
-0.8919856548309326,
0.17046380043029785,
1.7704321146011353,
0.8170802593231201,
3.4982993602752686,
-1.2879829406738281,
2.525289297103882,
8.957009315490723,
2.369767665863037,
0.03864385187625885,
-0.11552712321281433,
-0.6506530046463013,
1.2041263580322266,
-2.329193353652954,
2.1254773139953613,
-0.1837814897298813,
1.9958245754241943,
-3.0159401893615723,
0.6375849843025208,
-1.135636568069458,
1.1017274856567383,
-1.858278751373291,
-0.5223692655563354,
0.6957032084465027,
1.8486485481262207,
0.9288462400436401,
1.590968370437622,
-0.8475322723388672,
0.3897622525691986,
0.08938105404376984,
-2.8600754737854004,
2.8216092586517334,
1.0058757066726685,
-5.290704727172852,
1.4340815544128418,
-3.8885538578033447,
-6.470573902130127,
-5.912822246551514,
2.0368733406066895,
2.811927080154419,
2.796645164489746,
4.369236946105957,
0.14075486361980438,
-5.326559543609619,
-5.30161714553833,
2.4646918773651123,
-6.580311298370361,
-0.4791368842124939,
-2.866910457611084,
0.8916540145874023,
-1.9673439264297485,
-1.6410000324249268,
2.8027384281158447,
-2.6876220703125,
-1.8093494176864624,
1.8019897937774658,
1.9051227569580078,
1.5895256996154785,
1.7473905086517334,
-0.2830554246902466,
0.16361680626869202,
1.9046134948730469,
-4.171092987060547,
-2.308861017227173,
-3.289210557937622,
0.7260847687721252,
1.0410364866256714,
0.08768992125988007,
1.4737968444824219,
-2.299374580383301,
-0.29566431045532227,
-2.886080026626587,
-4.057093143463135,
0.6187439560890198,
1.811049222946167,
-3.6657793521881104,
2.041969060897827,
-2.6611897945404053,
1.947229266166687,
-0.6441227197647095,
2.120293378829956,
-0.581382155418396,
-4.348275184631348,
-3.6141321659088135,
2.334542989730835,
-1.2931801080703735,
-0.007261157035827637,
-3.7509288787841797,
-2.082318067550659,
-0.26850736141204834,
1.4447581768035889,
3.0296313762664795,
1.4061110019683838,
-2.443615674972534,
4.268871784210205,
2.3736484050750732,
-0.7681089639663696,
3.841346502304077,
0.7295763492584229,
6.018742084503174,
2.842707633972168,
-2.12369441986084,
-0.5981504321098328,
1.9191583395004272,
-0.6548261642456055,
-7.182576656341553,
2.7999563217163086,
-0.8232956528663635,
-4.38632869720459,
2.770998954772949,
-1.8594939708709717,
2.1962575912475586,
-5.260881423950195,
0.8448281288146973,
-0.39594972133636475,
-0.4304603338241577,
0.6356980800628662,
-0.16634565591812134,
2.6137120723724365,
2.452357292175293,
-3.5857245922088623,
0.9977586269378662,
-2.6835830211639404,
4.244559288024902,
-2.247899293899536,
-2.68574857711792,
2.5884954929351807,
-3.019446849822998,
-1.1395204067230225,
-4.977962017059326,
1.8203240633010864,
0.7296699285507202,
0.9739540815353394,
7.364961624145508,
-4.2168450355529785,
-2.625905990600586,
-4.092931270599365,
3.4204936027526855,
1.6077346801757812,
-3.1447083950042725,
1.110708236694336,
1.8687738180160522,
-0.6891416311264038,
5.563063144683838,
2.1681180000305176,
5.836082935333252,
0.8280584812164307,
-1.5249238014221191,
0.12813374400138855,
-1.5160975456237793,
-1.008533000946045,
0.7153633832931519,
-3.071171283721924,
-0.5838448405265808,
0.26440906524658203,
-1.3326125144958496,
1.8390014171600342,
2.53353214263916,
-4.0560994148254395,
4.165759086608887,
3.9777913093566895,
3.354734182357788,
-2.5931949615478516,
-3.7545411586761475,
-3.970294237136841,
-5.912784099578857,
1.9410357475280762,
4.4102959632873535,
-0.9010176658630371,
-0.23518256843090057,
3.5466554164886475,
2.8886613845825195,
-2.425539970397949,
-6.319687843322754,
0.764380931854248,
-0.24570885300636292,
0.5800213813781738,
3.0018627643585205,
-3.848527193069458,
7.019062042236328,
-0.3100179433822632,
-4.071012496948242,
1.5180476903915405,
1.5768098831176758,
0.22388231754302979,
-6.286484241485596,
-1.1726322174072266,
2.8557000160217285,
2.7234599590301514,
-4.895384788513184,
3.216829299926758,
-4.140020847320557,
4.599347114562988,
-0.41972965002059937,
5.264530181884766,
1.9404200315475464,
-0.001547306776046753,
-4.036515235900879,
-2.850841522216797,
1.0772790908813477,
0.8370823264122009,
3.11615252494812,
-2.377972364425659,
-1.0097416639328003,
2.5425493717193604,
4.539023399353027,
-1.0204718112945557,
3.7743730545043945,
-4.27183198928833
] |
does the rate at which time passes ever change? | if it did... would we be able to perceive it? in what units would we measure it? | apparently yes. time is affected by gravity. time actually passes differently for astronauts than it does for people on earth. time also passes differently depending on how close you are to a black hole. the tv show "through the worm hole" did an episode about it. _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/through-the-wormhole-does-time-exist/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity#Time_dilation_and_length_contraction"
] | [
0.05708920955657959,
-0.28383880853652954,
0.5010673403739929,
-0.258542537689209,
0.21062327921390533,
-0.9201368689537048,
-0.04479718208312988,
-0.3978922963142395,
1.1512281894683838,
-0.004174582660198212,
-0.1920958161354065,
-0.7174137830734253,
0.032231807708740234,
0.8163214325904846,
0.2504115700721741,
-0.38004106283187866,
0.09380562603473663,
-0.60957932472229,
-0.7097575068473816,
-0.38053756952285767,
-0.2318989634513855,
-0.14482448995113373,
-0.3764978349208832,
0.5024436712265015,
-0.7880452871322632,
-0.29370132088661194,
-0.4113185703754425,
0.6684970259666443,
-0.3100324869155884,
0.1949283927679062,
0.1666608452796936,
-0.3110377788543701,
-1.185631275177002,
-0.8832528591156006,
0.5193284749984741,
1.0095041990280151,
0.14272639155387878,
-0.5332843065261841,
-0.6264543533325195,
-0.48329535126686096,
-0.42218685150146484,
0.21441897749900818,
0.3733002543449402,
0.7317472696304321,
0.5734961032867432,
0.7747800946235657,
0.5087666511535645,
-0.6364973783493042,
-0.4225151836872101,
0.25400567054748535,
-0.07953958213329315,
-0.012086592614650726,
-0.5281088948249817,
-0.178248792886734,
-0.18318718671798706,
0.025785371661186218,
-0.11905354261398315,
0.27172279357910156,
0.588594377040863,
-0.5716387033462524,
-0.6018016338348389,
0.3848190903663635,
0.28220510482788086,
1.0184770822525024,
0.5157204270362854,
-0.339057981967926,
-0.2360565960407257,
-0.9127786755561829,
-0.16733913123607635,
-0.7128244042396545,
-0.5691269040107727,
-0.2512216567993164,
0.02203911542892456,
0.1677408218383789,
0.5315942764282227,
0.26760268211364746,
0.25106102228164673,
0.9450207352638245,
-0.41254696249961853,
-0.703113853931427,
0.12554168701171875,
0.011957410722970963,
0.3245198726654053,
-0.3473045527935028,
0.011524736881256104,
0.24602219462394714,
0.9070924520492554,
0.023178547620773315,
0.8822843432426453,
-0.9357535243034363,
-0.3818899393081665,
-0.6529393196105957,
0.9726048707962036,
0.46739429235458374,
0.2858901917934418,
0.11275374889373779,
-0.22045683860778809,
-0.42034849524497986,
-0.04795357584953308,
0.39631128311157227,
-0.5236095190048218,
0.15251386165618896,
-1.2559425830841064,
1.837181568145752,
0.9976722598075867,
0.9907286167144775,
0.9678010940551758,
0.2960208058357239,
0.5938597917556763,
0.28248775005340576,
-0.18585583567619324,
-0.38289254903793335,
1.1328529119491577,
-0.13939927518367767,
-0.013876985758543015,
-0.010488361120223999,
-0.15501312911510468,
0.0741390585899353,
0.12498524785041809,
0.3152180314064026,
0.27963489294052124,
-1.264870285987854,
0.016573652625083923,
-0.47817057371139526,
0.2816321551799774,
-0.3241068720817566,
1.4362927675247192,
0.3338813781738281,
0.09266240894794464,
-1.8635348081588745,
0.19455313682556152,
-1.2505192756652832,
0.08677604794502258,
0.657199501991272,
-0.745869517326355,
0.15012243390083313,
0.34220314025878906,
0.06727771461009979,
-0.37231960892677307,
-1.05084228515625,
-0.5516301393508911,
0.5648180246353149,
0.21851575374603271,
-0.008363664150238037,
-0.22106586396694183,
0.42362460494041443,
0.5241019129753113,
0.48322948813438416,
-0.13609211146831512,
-1.1703894138336182,
-0.5200867056846619,
-0.47064974904060364,
0.5411210060119629,
1.0974704027175903,
-0.3938060998916626,
0.3467971086502075,
0.5858242511749268,
0.008661866188049316,
-0.6649720668792725,
-0.21950295567512512,
0.1081932932138443,
0.006221473217010498,
-0.5988913774490356,
0.7479986548423767,
1.0650298595428467,
0.016871362924575806,
-0.6381211280822754,
0.5753635764122009,
-0.37255150079727173,
0.13475552201271057,
-0.46712589263916016,
-0.4035426378250122,
0.4144197702407837,
-0.5974794030189514,
0.3679548501968384,
-0.22742126882076263,
0.03280901908874512,
0.5977871417999268,
-0.31035152077674866,
0.4445802569389343,
-0.16589823365211487,
-0.5306283831596375,
0.36824631690979004,
-0.08811749517917633,
-0.8371908068656921,
-0.6667139530181885,
-0.6810349822044373,
0.6134566068649292,
0.9313555955886841,
-1.3815925121307373,
0.304667204618454,
-0.2928781509399414,
0.5568559169769287,
0.22258910536766052,
0.8171253204345703,
0.9018405079841614,
0.2932519018650055,
-0.2622774541378021,
-0.2643392086029053,
-0.2432023286819458,
-1.081459879875183,
-0.5194613337516785,
-0.13751156628131866,
-0.7374902963638306,
-0.2622837722301483,
-0.4187381863594055,
1.5075000524520874,
0.33259162306785583,
-0.2585354745388031,
-0.6358284950256348,
0.660092830657959,
-0.9124579429626465,
-0.8239701986312866,
-0.4264619052410126,
0.6894985437393188,
-0.2800355851650238,
-0.29813477396965027,
-0.3205135762691498,
-0.5753419399261475,
0.21387672424316406,
-0.42187875509262085,
0.1462034285068512,
-0.7201175689697266,
-0.8877140879631042,
-0.961166501045227,
-0.6601802110671997,
-0.8925117254257202,
1.041800618171692,
-0.5954924821853638,
0.15084728598594666,
0.4401348829269409,
1.1780771017074585,
0.7482041120529175,
1.154212474822998,
-0.4266865849494934,
-0.4240637719631195,
0.02629324048757553,
-0.4766194224357605,
1.060309886932373,
-0.011723995208740234,
-0.18472588062286377,
-0.20553617179393768,
-0.15903620421886444,
0.907106339931488,
-0.050216734409332275,
0.1410069316625595,
-1.2190124988555908,
-0.8784982562065125,
0.5118337869644165,
0.5827360153198242,
1.3692493438720703,
0.4224378168582916,
-1.0948362350463867,
0.12186658382415771,
0.1188003420829773,
0.22896885871887207,
-1.0006999969482422,
-0.3237571716308594,
0.9512174129486084,
0.2002384215593338,
-0.24346989393234253,
0.48214173316955566,
0.01816779375076294,
-0.9546494483947754,
0.5518437027931213,
0.7718521356582642,
-0.3422105312347412,
0.9254806041717529,
-0.747967004776001,
0.03673464059829712,
-0.7165137529373169,
0.5441828370094299,
0.5009180903434753,
-0.02442319691181183,
0.024100154638290405,
-0.10998538136482239,
1.087501049041748,
0.22601866722106934,
-0.7358931303024292,
0.2554527223110199,
-0.6172937750816345,
-0.21048438549041748,
-0.7748210430145264,
0.2639927268028259,
-0.6186072826385498,
0.06158096343278885,
0.10013329237699509,
-0.03437734395265579,
0.3303285241127014,
-0.01768505573272705,
-0.8395580053329468,
0.7313070297241211,
-0.2780719995498657,
0.5531531572341919,
1.004630208015442,
-0.5792073607444763,
-1.319270372390747,
-0.7367603182792664,
0.5970103144645691,
0.16210561990737915,
1.0161079168319702,
0.4996095299720764,
-0.5668330192565918,
0.1394069492816925,
0.39140501618385315,
0.6843202710151672,
0.4710709750652313,
0.3253146708011627,
0.15034908056259155,
-0.2914138734340668,
-0.7642208337783813,
0.02419567108154297,
-1.022800087928772,
0.5319448709487915,
-0.15509332716464996,
0.3410569429397583,
-0.9402783513069153,
-0.4740707278251648,
-0.8160145282745361,
0.16200301051139832,
0.4976353943347931,
-0.017945021390914917,
0.21063977479934692,
0.23968976736068726,
-0.5127843022346497,
0.8251161575317383,
0.8368891477584839,
0.4333679676055908,
-0.3380885422229767,
0.674418032169342,
0.36362043023109436,
0.11155503988265991,
0.34780704975128174,
-0.30946117639541626,
0.2566604018211365,
0.7148177623748779,
-0.8429669141769409,
-0.4266335964202881,
-0.3284137547016144,
0.08765360713005066,
-0.4328603148460388,
-0.3180515468120575,
0.15301445126533508,
0.009913891553878784,
0.5379968881607056,
-0.3046393394470215,
-0.08393126726150513,
0.9623798727989197,
0.1715697944164276,
-0.36026516556739807,
0.021362245082855225,
0.20641657710075378,
-0.385164737701416,
0.7876850366592407,
0.31707072257995605,
0.02458888292312622,
0.04348260909318924,
0.2417777180671692,
0.3728339672088623,
0.2534060478210449,
1.1810616254806519,
0.08656427264213562,
0.632489800453186,
0.3201162815093994,
-0.028722405433654785,
0.5261970162391663,
-0.40906357765197754,
-0.29514405131340027,
-0.01999717950820923,
-1.0511728525161743,
0.044850319623947144,
0.4656195640563965,
-0.3682859539985657,
-0.49117231369018555,
1.0940567255020142,
-0.6564582586288452,
-0.2221975326538086,
0.31699338555336,
-0.48661738634109497,
1.4715832471847534,
-0.2669757008552551,
0.36151498556137085,
0.17801526188850403,
-0.29098883271217346
] |
okay r/askscience: what are these mysterious blue spheres? | what is the scientific explanation for this news story? _url_0_ | wow... they're water beads/water pearls/hydrated polymer beads. _url_0_ they're used to decorate flower arrangements or hold water in potting soil. either he had them in his garden soil or his wife/neighbor threw them there. maybe they got sucked up in the air, but i'd bet money against it. | 10 | [] | [
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-16754531"
] | [
"http://www.amazon.com/Clear-Water-Beads-Floral-Arrangements/dp/B001U2ZND6",
"http://www.m2polymer.com/html/chemistry_sap.html"
] | [
-0.06282822787761688,
1.0636353492736816,
0.21018758416175842,
-0.13802748918533325,
-0.22630523145198822,
-0.9904513359069824,
1.5446364879608154,
-0.29103031754493713,
0.30325567722320557,
-0.30299094319343567,
-0.10602204501628876,
0.10742844641208649,
0.513802170753479,
0.33849096298217773,
0.2709504961967468,
0.23824453353881836,
-1.0382702350616455,
-0.10910597443580627,
-1.007707953453064,
1.0111725330352783,
0.3000408709049225,
0.6308227777481079,
0.36595427989959717,
0.0915287435054779,
0.202035591006279,
0.15663591027259827,
0.03715503215789795,
0.894683837890625,
-0.5151281952857971,
0.0664639100432396,
0.10792265832424164,
0.4916861057281494,
-0.81033855676651,
-0.05710833519697189,
0.397677481174469,
-0.6341252326965332,
-0.768470287322998,
0.08134397864341736,
0.46007347106933594,
-0.04935494065284729,
0.4498067796230316,
-0.5442525148391724,
0.1908593326807022,
0.5997989177703857,
-0.10544135421514511,
1.0933138132095337,
0.3682344853878021,
-0.17509213089942932,
0.024262264370918274,
-0.46025946736335754,
0.6915897130966187,
-0.1860402673482895,
0.2381802648305893,
-0.4021673798561096,
-0.3775300681591034,
-1.0179897546768188,
0.5679660439491272,
-0.23017995059490204,
-0.8897987604141235,
0.43557077646255493,
0.04769899696111679,
0.2223307192325592,
-0.9875309467315674,
1.0715816020965576,
-0.34234049916267395,
-0.6097559928894043,
-0.7704211473464966,
0.19556282460689545,
-0.058296650648117065,
0.2473766803741455,
0.8141860961914062,
0.1256682574748993,
-0.07436666637659073,
0.09300008416175842,
-0.2890796661376953,
0.3766188323497772,
-0.058001577854156494,
-0.3958403170108795,
-0.1590644121170044,
-0.31174591183662415,
-0.4151298999786377,
0.08663862943649292,
-0.1511773020029068,
0.9277548789978027,
-0.4095226526260376,
0.2254687249660492,
0.4609519839286804,
0.5786762237548828,
0.5666036009788513,
-0.17923098802566528,
-1.0579036474227905,
0.008887698873877525,
0.17357715964317322,
0.18855184316635132,
-0.24222508072853088,
-0.03415689989924431,
0.7288172841072083,
-0.5398308038711548,
-1.7535117864608765,
0.14076420664787292,
0.4468681216239929,
0.24145525693893433,
-1.205833077430725,
-0.8732514381408691,
0.9166709184646606,
0.35406559705734253,
-0.08894285559654236,
0.06235146522521973,
1.1036465167999268,
-0.4921293258666992,
-0.04081930220127106,
0.10696105659008026,
0.14340373873710632,
-0.3285028636455536,
-1.2472022771835327,
-0.38823240995407104,
-0.3604581952095032,
-0.6046919226646423,
-1.462236762046814,
-0.47362715005874634,
-0.02893713116645813,
0.32005152106285095,
-0.1390044391155243,
0.19585949182510376,
-0.5375069379806519,
-0.9194958209991455,
0.45418286323547363,
0.504340648651123,
-0.7677960991859436,
0.37518933415412903,
-0.15276673436164856,
-0.6959545016288757,
0.6924619078636169,
0.3328796327114105,
0.15895973145961761,
0.2731058597564697,
0.22225119173526764,
0.01295289397239685,
-0.25178390741348267,
0.29520270228385925,
-0.7603625059127808,
0.20816022157669067,
0.0642760619521141,
-0.21966707706451416,
-0.9474208354949951,
-0.5732983350753784,
0.360683411359787,
-0.4348801076412201,
-0.16479772329330444,
-0.1136695146560669,
-0.43727535009384155,
-0.3396432101726532,
-0.21179193258285522,
0.13369742035865784,
-0.4838065207004547,
-0.5005943775177002,
0.5206648111343384,
1.1692969799041748,
1.1754231452941895,
0.27066540718078613,
-0.6818954348564148,
0.746255099773407,
-0.44495344161987305,
0.953331708908081,
-0.27169039845466614,
-0.5445342659950256,
-0.5920352935791016,
0.16880175471305847,
0.3254968822002411,
-0.05090528726577759,
0.4941134452819824,
0.32763224840164185,
-0.5353013277053833,
-0.28442177176475525,
-1.216494083404541,
-0.12883028388023376,
-0.5872549414634705,
0.28797292709350586,
0.7214147448539734,
0.7148303389549255,
-0.39405304193496704,
0.709952712059021,
0.40288418531417847,
0.2583998441696167,
0.075046606361866,
-0.23240752518177032,
-0.7454475164413452,
-0.2907085120677948,
0.27805477380752563,
-0.32433366775512695,
-0.243483766913414,
-0.08384285867214203,
-1.07340407371521,
0.30185404419898987,
0.261710524559021,
1.0014455318450928,
-0.5490782260894775,
-0.45626091957092285,
0.09300807118415833,
-0.5825515985488892,
-0.6220964193344116,
-0.5826425552368164,
-0.974293053150177,
-0.8462015986442566,
0.0985659509897232,
0.0699048638343811,
0.9129011034965515,
0.007311776280403137,
0.1170913577079773,
-0.3092334270477295,
0.0133933424949646,
-0.3498513400554657,
-0.7670252919197083,
-0.06543295085430145,
0.4975801706314087,
-0.10401515662670135,
-0.10572993010282516,
0.14062348008155823,
0.6704248189926147,
-0.6526339054107666,
0.006977369077503681,
-0.696269690990448,
-0.2705423831939697,
-1.0411272048950195,
-0.27392181754112244,
-0.09673410654067993,
-0.16523730754852295,
1.872299075126648,
0.2951040267944336,
0.2479943335056305,
-0.07725802063941956,
-0.2637142539024353,
0.08543653786182404,
0.7544755935668945,
-1.3597859144210815,
0.5626512765884399,
-0.07750195264816284,
-0.004044234752655029,
1.015062689781189,
-1.213960886001587,
0.1802036464214325,
0.502869725227356,
0.4578903317451477,
0.42825019359588623,
-0.6778515577316284,
0.2769315838813782,
0.5043041706085205,
0.45933741331100464,
-0.6268334984779358,
0.8684954643249512,
-0.1906072497367859,
-0.1051853746175766,
-0.3373599350452423,
0.7691006660461426,
0.3939575254917145,
-0.08307167887687683,
-0.5065056085586548,
0.17965537309646606,
-0.11018693447113037,
-0.6423212885856628,
0.32243987917900085,
-1.0706909894943237,
-1.2873191833496094,
-1.768754243850708,
0.2888576090335846,
-1.0911283493041992,
-0.011511266231536865,
1.7279160022735596,
-0.8637447357177734,
-0.0645868331193924,
-0.5416605472564697,
0.1420564353466034,
0.889122724533081,
0.47544267773628235,
0.6552861928939819,
0.24834005534648895,
-0.35782238841056824,
0.20585185289382935,
-0.27784615755081177,
-0.4129570722579956,
0.44861286878585815,
-0.7297017574310303,
0.22860342264175415,
0.11332571506500244,
0.6868042945861816,
0.3754187822341919,
0.09135593473911285,
-0.40996381640434265,
-0.21438264846801758,
0.4644118547439575,
-0.5277986526489258,
1.1747167110443115,
-0.055708736181259155,
-0.3090028762817383,
0.9688988924026489,
-0.5124036073684692,
0.3247886896133423,
0.44133904576301575,
0.5722564458847046,
1.0583771467208862,
0.2407013326883316,
0.1221693754196167,
-0.02587290108203888,
-0.24461445212364197,
-0.6350303888320923,
-0.1480899602174759,
-0.5469438433647156,
0.942320704460144,
0.6747021675109863,
-0.10707521438598633,
-0.18030425906181335,
-0.8045095801353455,
0.02013862133026123,
0.35462310910224915,
1.30033278465271,
0.7278258800506592,
1.0745645761489868,
0.5896716117858887,
0.2765346169471741,
-0.43620240688323975,
0.12483202666044235,
0.8310704231262207,
0.6367614269256592,
0.04325023293495178,
-0.48125120997428894,
-0.3915736675262451,
0.6125071048736572,
0.8124650716781616,
-0.11565347015857697,
0.46837857365608215,
0.22087028622627258,
0.5289093255996704,
0.8265448808670044,
0.3101120889186859,
-0.01543060690164566,
0.5051901340484619,
0.14711645245552063,
-0.996384859085083,
-0.9909681081771851,
-0.26421570777893066,
-0.5839658379554749,
1.054398536682129,
-0.0523749403655529,
-0.3525455594062805,
-0.021348118782043457,
0.5020073056221008,
0.03683793544769287,
0.2837764322757721,
0.5515729784965515,
0.6586236357688904,
0.07956933975219727,
0.7328766584396362,
-0.23363925516605377,
0.8694654703140259,
-0.9534696936607361,
-0.422169029712677,
0.5345496535301208,
-0.8346483111381531,
1.2726404666900635,
-0.8922874331474304,
-0.12840312719345093,
-0.8891435861587524,
0.1490464210510254,
0.5802189111709595,
0.4826515316963196,
0.8637080192565918,
0.09967446327209473,
0.524784505367279,
-0.7539304494857788,
0.3035900592803955,
0.336114764213562,
0.2542208731174469,
0.33520612120628357,
0.029236815869808197,
0.02476799488067627,
-0.8757730722427368,
-0.35393738746643066,
0.5281901359558105,
-0.3069876432418823,
-0.10739323496818542,
-0.7097566723823547,
-0.4574444591999054,
0.3101748824119568,
-0.02904966101050377
] |
how are oasis’ formed and survive? | where does the water come from and how does it not just evaporate? | water exists in the desert below the surface in the water table. an oasis forms when two things happen: when the area is below the water table which causes water to seep out and the the area is low in elevation which makes any rain that does fall drain into the oasis. & #x200b; [this](_url_0_) video also does a really great job of explaining.visualizing the process. | 14 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuJ6QTZdvxM"
] | [
0.10973899811506271,
-0.18852975964546204,
0.5507315397262573,
0.3335225284099579,
0.6729819774627686,
-0.711118221282959,
0.6913414001464844,
-0.5784016847610474,
0.06291936337947845,
0.08557186275720596,
0.4002613127231598,
-0.9546230435371399,
-0.012318305671215057,
0.6200688481330872,
0.5175272226333618,
-0.37606245279312134,
-0.13784992694854736,
-0.5899133682250977,
-0.34636396169662476,
-0.0555119626224041,
1.4694666862487793,
-0.003474712371826172,
-0.14663481712341309,
-0.2986888587474823,
-0.7611933350563049,
0.8787848949432373,
-0.1112256646156311,
0.13489031791687012,
0.142154723405838,
-0.16347944736480713,
0.3229924440383911,
0.5259106159210205,
-0.9214707612991333,
-0.4713529348373413,
0.8191720843315125,
0.5559067726135254,
-0.43001025915145874,
-0.2113911509513855,
-0.515417218208313,
-0.3504723012447357,
-0.45138752460479736,
-0.21604406833648682,
0.7030289769172668,
-0.28307169675827026,
-0.4367099702358246,
0.4678962826728821,
-0.17796751856803894,
-0.4045586884021759,
0.7023181915283203,
0.1085568368434906,
-0.0889052078127861,
-0.10971134901046753,
-0.6755711436271667,
-0.8213967084884644,
-0.5167515873908997,
0.5032374262809753,
-0.40582334995269775,
0.1488470733165741,
-0.43125978112220764,
-0.04546455293893814,
0.30073681473731995,
0.23142115771770477,
-0.8372724056243896,
1.121825933456421,
1.3145630359649658,
0.47143876552581787,
-0.3104690611362457,
0.017352566123008728,
-0.3478248417377472,
-1.0482982397079468,
-0.6099588871002197,
0.6613659858703613,
-0.132188081741333,
-1.4276272058486938,
-0.021261096000671387,
-0.7706729173660278,
-0.23013222217559814,
0.20429956912994385,
-0.48671862483024597,
0.6034864187240601,
1.086674690246582,
0.35815200209617615,
0.22605609893798828,
0.5275540351867676,
-0.7205110788345337,
0.362449586391449,
0.34221526980400085,
0.0005583465099334717,
0.5196057558059692,
-0.271212100982666,
-0.1646248996257782,
-0.43069368600845337,
-1.2682209014892578,
0.3132624626159668,
0.07430769503116608,
0.3394179940223694,
-0.13171586394309998,
-1.0996416807174683,
0.10544498264789581,
-0.11774520576000214,
-0.7462590932846069,
0.09518793970346451,
-0.3108900785446167,
-0.10721191763877869,
0.269150972366333,
-0.05419524013996124,
0.5461481809616089,
0.6852902173995972,
0.4106922447681427,
1.0979270935058594,
-0.2703988552093506,
-0.32777994871139526,
0.1940130591392517,
0.24702826142311096,
-0.4790017902851105,
0.269764244556427,
0.3788420557975769,
-1.0024235248565674,
-1.539698600769043,
-0.38327163457870483,
-0.12384563684463501,
-0.5942367315292358,
0.4163994789123535,
0.9669845104217529,
0.721873939037323,
0.13102711737155914,
0.0903899073600769,
0.4215054214000702,
0.053174592554569244,
-1.0019853115081787,
0.597289502620697,
-0.5788853764533997,
0.8444572687149048,
-0.4471889138221741,
-0.26346826553344727,
0.8619216680526733,
0.40280893445014954,
-0.02638387680053711,
-0.43681442737579346,
-0.08165973424911499,
-0.012226324528455734,
0.39093145728111267,
-0.13680188357830048,
-1.0516908168792725,
0.16911396384239197,
0.7754876613616943,
-0.5780577659606934,
-0.6232956647872925,
-0.4609277844429016,
-0.4655737280845642,
0.10585281997919083,
-0.19894395768642426,
0.07412928342819214,
0.5771300792694092,
-0.7169046998023987,
0.06275766342878342,
0.09551747143268585,
0.5006002187728882,
0.6089984774589539,
0.22956590354442596,
-0.7254531383514404,
0.18223091959953308,
-0.2597058117389679,
0.8346028327941895,
-0.9784263372421265,
0.19693709909915924,
-0.8373129963874817,
-0.38813143968582153,
-0.6505950689315796,
-0.19305357336997986,
-0.03920625150203705,
0.41809186339378357,
-0.1718500256538391,
-0.48352164030075073,
0.7714402675628662,
0.02730061113834381,
-0.7630535960197449,
0.18771469593048096,
-0.09800682961940765,
0.4103427827358246,
-0.3483363687992096,
0.13412950932979584,
0.7790731191635132,
-0.14190950989723206,
0.03888395428657532,
-0.3528233468532562,
-0.446025550365448,
0.11718912422657013,
0.48102593421936035,
-0.3510383367538452,
-0.9357255697250366,
-0.4763697385787964,
0.09411969780921936,
0.5246111154556274,
-0.06449520587921143,
1.1547223329544067,
0.33820146322250366,
-0.6119418740272522,
-0.6764485836029053,
0.10832373797893524,
0.38693666458129883,
0.3929256796836853,
-0.3788599371910095,
-0.7321040034294128,
0.06989607214927673,
-0.1834983229637146,
0.9263272881507874,
0.21850433945655823,
-0.8566280603408813,
-0.08928892016410828,
0.9365155100822449,
-0.3592435121536255,
-2.1702818870544434,
-0.6458842158317566,
0.7339282035827637,
0.40433216094970703,
0.07271033525466919,
-0.05824986472725868,
-0.9080051183700562,
0.7306876182556152,
0.0762459933757782,
-0.4618849754333496,
0.5645150542259216,
-0.798703670501709,
-0.2941322326660156,
-0.04356470704078674,
-1.1019788980484009,
-0.5431666374206543,
-0.11437374353408813,
-0.18414035439491272,
0.8657116293907166,
-0.172378271818161,
0.9871967434883118,
1.112879753112793,
-1.3367202281951904,
0.7699121236801147,
-0.09437768906354904,
-0.0401587039232254,
0.2817877531051636,
-0.8771710395812988,
0.0904017835855484,
-0.23582477867603302,
0.15867432951927185,
1.531319260597229,
-0.427938312292099,
0.6713446974754333,
0.21318319439888,
-0.40107667446136475,
-0.1823529154062271,
0.16293200850486755,
0.4468272924423218,
-0.34000861644744873,
-0.13340577483177185,
0.4004085659980774,
0.37048494815826416,
-0.018903791904449463,
-0.09910990297794342,
-0.601554274559021,
-0.34412094950675964,
0.6048871278762817,
0.24681632220745087,
-0.8263369202613831,
-1.4010142087936401,
-0.21704047918319702,
0.33730632066726685,
-0.7749173641204834,
0.1547410786151886,
-0.3878876566886902,
0.08398902416229248,
0.15538863837718964,
0.5224781036376953,
-0.5759572982788086,
-0.3545924127101898,
-0.27672144770622253,
-0.6742372512817383,
-0.9063204526901245,
0.09322776645421982,
0.3930111825466156,
0.8149013519287109,
0.3094308376312256,
-0.1285150647163391,
0.1800990253686905,
-1.0610325336456299,
-0.07351770251989365,
0.3449594974517822,
-0.14801089465618134,
0.2827491760253906,
0.43962880969047546,
0.3441838324069977,
0.08233440667390823,
-0.21552351117134094,
0.7635164856910706,
0.07008349895477295,
0.7748801708221436,
-0.27177268266677856,
-0.8821303248405457,
0.2255420833826065,
0.018481522798538208,
0.827438473701477,
0.5811936855316162,
-0.6764808893203735,
0.9748733043670654,
-0.7407084107398987,
-0.32149308919906616,
-0.8770226240158081,
0.7814839482307434,
-0.22816234827041626,
0.07422980666160583,
1.124177098274231,
-1.3877983093261719,
0.2997114062309265,
-1.2261065244674683,
-0.6808629035949707,
1.2883408069610596,
-0.09624389559030533,
0.3141844570636749,
-1.1034549474716187,
0.3741542100906372,
-0.17519891262054443,
0.30760979652404785,
-0.1268286556005478,
0.2208673059940338,
0.2811433672904968,
-0.04104279726743698,
-0.30444833636283875,
-0.4729939103126526,
0.5678415298461914,
0.6376274824142456,
-0.3082655966281891,
-0.3537408113479614,
-1.3471599817276,
-0.025807112455368042,
0.8480819463729858,
0.04896914213895798,
0.14172028005123138,
-0.35441404581069946,
-0.2732963263988495,
-0.3230687379837036,
-0.7496659159660339,
-0.6987745761871338,
0.06956169754266739,
-0.3959277868270874,
0.048105668276548386,
0.02312791347503662,
0.6778327822685242,
0.2895161211490631,
0.32515132427215576,
0.5169324278831482,
-0.32027286291122437,
0.2640540599822998,
1.1752099990844727,
0.7017532587051392,
-0.3099723160266876,
0.7487685680389404,
1.1408426761627197,
0.4973719120025635,
0.4266723394393921,
0.22553788125514984,
-0.20743930339813232,
0.4275728464126587,
-0.22976717352867126,
-0.032902106642723083,
0.3107209801673889,
0.5418109893798828,
0.5682578086853027,
1.6499354839324951,
-0.13638299703598022,
0.5071678161621094,
0.6811323761940002,
0.5338021516799927,
-0.6336959600448608,
0.26477012038230896,
0.016445092856884003,
0.7450376749038696,
1.3079943656921387,
-0.9420580267906189,
0.7027516961097717,
0.08804141730070114,
0.29159432649612427,
0.9368966817855835,
-0.3014596998691559,
1.2509703636169434,
0.4799177348613739,
0.15115849673748016
] |
is voyeurism a purely human phenomenon? | or do animals like watching other animals bang? does it have the same physiological effect on them? on a related note, are there instances of paraphilia in the animal kingdom, like necrophilia or pedophilia? or are those also purely human? | this is practically a faq here. animal porn was discussed in quite a bit of detail in [this question from 2 weeks ago](_url_1_) and around the same time there were many comments about [non-mammalian masturbation](_url_2_), that even answers your paraphilia / necrophilia question: wikipedia has a good page on [animal sexual behavior](_url_0_) too. | 4 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/oo26p/humans_get_turned_on_by_porn_do_other_animals_get/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ootvu/are_there_any_nonmammalian_species_that/",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOY3QH_jOtE&feature=player_detailpage#t=5033s"
] | [
-0.11394020169973373,
-0.4313647747039795,
0.2903726100921631,
0.032816529273986816,
-1.2910233736038208,
-0.9602751731872559,
-0.16727077960968018,
-0.5279054045677185,
0.35216689109802246,
0.3314788341522217,
1.00482177734375,
-0.12330257147550583,
-0.15230131149291992,
1.0084887742996216,
0.022725626826286316,
0.4048527479171753,
0.47962188720703125,
-1.0021470785140991,
-1.1256511211395264,
0.6599134206771851,
0.7426735162734985,
0.252244234085083,
0.9021457433700562,
0.18400943279266357,
-1.5366320610046387,
-1.606715202331543,
-1.2909770011901855,
0.060806527733802795,
-1.0411467552185059,
-0.12620007991790771,
-0.5001029968261719,
0.5830202698707581,
-1.2867944240570068,
-0.6832696199417114,
-0.696907639503479,
-0.17348122596740723,
0.2775968313217163,
-0.21467483043670654,
0.4859282374382019,
0.3761034309864044,
0.872982382774353,
-0.6457901000976562,
0.23740805685520172,
0.39081907272338867,
-0.3336796164512634,
0.9127042293548584,
-0.5147707462310791,
-0.0035414109006524086,
0.09041640907526016,
0.02405250072479248,
-0.2465319037437439,
0.2837742567062378,
-0.5619270205497742,
0.30632156133651733,
0.22411862015724182,
-0.8727127909660339,
-0.863201379776001,
-0.5962632894515991,
-0.30600935220718384,
0.450886070728302,
0.28830963373184204,
0.8565824031829834,
0.6487879157066345,
1.0631036758422852,
0.5008236169815063,
-0.2419963777065277,
-0.4748987555503845,
0.2839966118335724,
0.8013614416122437,
0.9879010319709778,
0.2402680516242981,
0.33626627922058105,
-0.4497571885585785,
1.1802153587341309,
-0.269072949886322,
-0.12304888665676117,
-0.4344520568847656,
-0.047135621309280396,
0.16623981297016144,
-1.4049384593963623,
-0.4961506128311157,
0.03803689777851105,
0.5611335039138794,
0.07967355847358704,
-0.37465769052505493,
0.5587360858917236,
0.17889201641082764,
-0.2087867558002472,
-0.7515251636505127,
0.2493785321712494,
0.2150680273771286,
0.2103446125984192,
0.23492707312107086,
0.31431689858436584,
-0.023746706545352936,
-0.09511865675449371,
-0.11480884999036789,
-0.592922568321228,
-0.9407541751861572,
-0.38059601187705994,
-0.29412955045700073,
0.25103098154067993,
-0.019924238324165344,
-0.38516777753829956,
0.43812474608421326,
-0.17506623268127441,
0.19729968905448914,
0.5121678113937378,
-0.22190554440021515,
0.7558399438858032,
-1.0589827299118042,
-0.192636638879776,
0.5439801812171936,
0.25617721676826477,
0.05595064163208008,
0.9734421968460083,
1.1732252836227417,
-0.2787554860115051,
0.062097396701574326,
0.38421499729156494,
0.18863043189048767,
-1.1582272052764893,
0.9444399476051331,
0.5811454057693481,
0.7968523502349854,
-0.8182275891304016,
0.10426316410303116,
0.6730597019195557,
0.25759291648864746,
0.02013225480914116,
0.8915372490882874,
-0.01685936748981476,
0.05557071417570114,
0.43864813446998596,
0.00872814655303955,
-0.42835506796836853,
0.0767194926738739,
-0.6860143542289734,
0.12070854008197784,
-0.311389684677124,
0.2602404057979584,
0.24950875341892242,
-0.11833978444337845,
0.28555479645729065,
0.40694695711135864,
0.4625399112701416,
0.587986946105957,
-1.1960481405258179,
-0.4540003538131714,
0.6673569679260254,
0.42925024032592773,
0.09241896867752075,
-0.14467740058898926,
-0.2063388079404831,
-0.8765194416046143,
-0.2417725771665573,
0.2965286374092102,
0.396063894033432,
0.6642765998840332,
0.008422382175922394,
0.3156977593898773,
0.3784787654876709,
-0.3498348593711853,
0.9658489227294922,
0.6874935030937195,
-0.9117658138275146,
-1.2747000455856323,
0.3795248866081238,
-0.07791715860366821,
-0.5613380670547485,
0.4296335279941559,
-0.093446284532547,
-0.8227537870407104,
-0.06197703629732132,
-0.15686370432376862,
-0.627255916595459,
-0.917352557182312,
0.37694689631462097,
0.280648797750473,
0.6753772497177124,
0.9092562198638916,
-0.6098021268844604,
-0.06408685445785522,
0.8545918464660645,
-0.8481050729751587,
-0.6344765424728394,
-0.8965581655502319,
0.12770333886146545,
1.9105013608932495,
-0.3768165111541748,
-0.10696388781070709,
-0.29684337973594666,
-0.19342422485351562,
-0.6647469997406006,
0.153511643409729,
-0.24474233388900757,
0.14002591371536255,
0.6299768686294556,
-0.6843191385269165,
0.05517443269491196,
-0.6282734274864197,
-1.397824764251709,
0.20876482129096985,
-0.4138871133327484,
-0.675537109375,
-0.7861906290054321,
0.4817957878112793,
-0.5598635673522949,
0.026201829314231873,
0.026694640517234802,
-0.3962308466434479,
0.3507516086101532,
-1.1207306385040283,
-0.6554678082466125,
0.7106041312217712,
0.9310866594314575,
-0.03391242027282715,
0.11539903283119202,
0.7453141212463379,
0.2308010458946228,
-0.729328453540802,
-1.5528658628463745,
0.3678373694419861,
-0.7688435316085815,
-0.5870378017425537,
0.10913535952568054,
-0.23458218574523926,
1.0492472648620605,
-0.4314194321632385,
0.8148139715194702,
0.12298235297203064,
0.13241872191429138,
0.23445366322994232,
0.7171075344085693,
0.24198420345783234,
-0.04343859851360321,
0.6256278157234192,
0.027652425691485405,
0.49353253841400146,
-0.1243332251906395,
-0.8772735595703125,
-0.3847740888595581,
-0.21627941727638245,
0.20449167490005493,
-0.8251990079879761,
0.5410950779914856,
-0.29775378108024597,
-0.5983468294143677,
-0.6060155034065247,
0.808099091053009,
0.7523805499076843,
0.07923737168312073,
0.001032024621963501,
-0.6356496810913086,
0.04357077181339264,
0.7933890223503113,
-0.5606750249862671,
-0.12423662096261978,
0.9634230136871338,
0.17304210364818573,
0.6208346486091614,
0.44059687852859497,
0.6553532481193542,
-0.7751504778862,
0.09290839731693268,
-0.428408145904541,
-0.49192604422569275,
0.09980108588933945,
-0.5826031565666199,
-0.15624253451824188,
-0.7840184569358826,
0.04442010819911957,
0.7806941866874695,
0.606517493724823,
0.23068857192993164,
0.0709361881017685,
0.6005226373672485,
-1.8663307428359985,
0.0909544974565506,
-0.29248952865600586,
-0.7880052328109741,
-0.2798337936401367,
0.4929676949977875,
0.4445304870605469,
-0.7569724321365356,
0.1379760503768921,
-0.9669127464294434,
-0.25429895520210266,
-0.3604671359062195,
0.02534717321395874,
-0.258565217256546,
0.31856417655944824,
-0.4580259919166565,
-0.14720278978347778,
0.3387465476989746,
0.20382855832576752,
-0.5501250624656677,
-0.8109738826751709,
0.018987935036420822,
0.0617082342505455,
-0.04051429033279419,
-0.8832422494888306,
-0.21834319829940796,
0.6237455010414124,
0.18089589476585388,
-0.222202330827713,
0.18460269272327423,
0.18008190393447876,
0.5047663450241089,
-0.5042423009872437,
0.18901853263378143,
0.564132571220398,
-0.5723007917404175,
-0.22405382990837097,
0.8445019125938416,
-0.04856827110052109,
-1.216881275177002,
0.13464784622192383,
0.2183055430650711,
0.47854143381118774,
0.23354190587997437,
0.03572014719247818,
-0.05961522459983826,
1.0069972276687622,
0.2991253733634949,
1.5123471021652222,
-0.11721257120370865,
0.7251493334770203,
-0.0015468746423721313,
1.053020715713501,
-0.6021568775177002,
1.2196135520935059,
0.6741786003112793,
-0.7000511884689331,
-0.5862499475479126,
-0.32525575160980225,
-0.20137745141983032,
0.20225371420383453,
0.3353535532951355,
-0.4096144437789917,
-0.23971018195152283,
-0.2478201687335968,
-0.37400245666503906,
-0.24874919652938843,
-0.2125546932220459,
0.11418341100215912,
0.43334507942199707,
0.4430291950702667,
-0.683668851852417,
-0.0977293848991394,
0.5863047242164612,
0.3279951214790344,
-0.6451675891876221,
0.633058488368988,
-0.028506070375442505,
0.15174776315689087,
-0.4334130585193634,
-0.1873869001865387,
0.9997259974479675,
-0.3960520625114441,
1.2636067867279053,
-0.4636479616165161,
-0.07883208990097046,
1.0982853174209595,
0.6263811588287354,
0.5103213787078857,
0.5509684085845947,
-0.449219673871994,
0.41472893953323364,
-0.5850798487663269,
-0.39484158158302307,
0.08420988917350769,
0.3472912907600403,
-0.2721383571624756,
-0.5245048999786377,
-0.651561975479126,
-0.08962585777044296,
0.0028031617403030396,
0.1880965530872345,
1.547590970993042,
1.7692896127700806,
0.1801646649837494,
0.3905096650123596,
0.03422242030501366
] |
how do significant digits and standard of error work in other bases? | i have a pretty solid understanding of significant digits in base 10. what are the repercussions of using significant digits in a small base (eg base 2) or a large base (eg base 60)? bonus: how to keep the same significant digits (in meaning) when switching bases. | significant figures are a quick way of displaying uncertainty, which is more accurately stated using the ± sign: 5.4 (2 significant figures) means 5.4 ±0.1 or 5.4 ± 0.05. in base 2 (approximately): 5.3= 101.0100 5.4=101.0110 5.5=101.1000 so your number is about 101.011 ± .001, or just 101.011 (6 significant figures) you can't translate the number of significant digits directly between bases, but you can do a rough estimate (which will often be off by ±1). if s_a and s_b are the number of significant figures in base a and b: s_a=s_b (log b/ log a) for a=2 and b=10, (log b/log a)= 3.33, while for our number 5.4: s_a/s_b=3 so this formula is roughly but not exactly correct. | 24 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.5140013098716736,
0.8334400057792664,
-0.13051187992095947,
0.6706384420394897,
-0.7096704840660095,
-0.5639697313308716,
-0.49169832468032837,
1.240128517150879,
1.9803577661514282,
-0.2540520429611206,
0.3054642677307129,
-1.6154122352600098,
-0.1388675570487976,
-0.5270960330963135,
-1.6121550798416138,
0.778348982334137,
-0.3018111288547516,
-0.9531588554382324,
-1.850677728652954,
0.5561163425445557,
1.4012295007705688,
0.2807990312576294,
0.4792672395706177,
0.30341434478759766,
1.7219984531402588,
-0.6576161980628967,
0.03132373094558716,
1.7438223361968994,
0.007067196071147919,
-0.7768479585647583,
-0.7806344628334045,
1.0369840860366821,
0.6677819490432739,
0.6184751987457275,
-0.25874707102775574,
-0.9116793870925903,
-0.3560439944267273,
0.7199692726135254,
0.37093067169189453,
0.5910075306892395,
0.5709458589553833,
-1.179460883140564,
0.6175459623336792,
0.6253220438957214,
0.6314188838005066,
1.2459007501602173,
-0.7395334839820862,
0.030250251293182373,
-1.0689822435379028,
1.4462355375289917,
-1.027646541595459,
0.8837190866470337,
-0.8037601113319397,
0.9935847520828247,
0.2207111269235611,
-1.1370818614959717,
-1.6579935550689697,
-1.3322991132736206,
0.055328309535980225,
-0.1992550939321518,
-0.06520113348960876,
1.2156249284744263,
-0.5204055905342102,
0.32058024406433105,
2.493557929992676,
0.21439844369888306,
-1.2841876745224,
-1.779052972793579,
-1.2484216690063477,
1.933602213859558,
0.12721043825149536,
-0.5027252435684204,
-0.12120707333087921,
0.866073727607727,
-0.17871972918510437,
0.5739526748657227,
-1.1588902473449707,
1.8633863925933838,
0.38173753023147583,
-0.5991288423538208,
-1.096158742904663,
-0.8488203287124634,
-0.7669240236282349,
-0.36840128898620605,
-0.21705013513565063,
0.02197759598493576,
1.2294533252716064,
-0.06636205315589905,
1.4021618366241455,
-0.5113258361816406,
1.0007621049880981,
-1.1802563667297363,
-0.7589554190635681,
0.05208730697631836,
0.7667647004127502,
0.217645525932312,
1.0678290128707886,
-0.4451275169849396,
0.2717503011226654,
1.7176202535629272,
-0.5076183676719666,
1.5802679061889648,
-1.1894792318344116,
0.25729936361312866,
-0.6495107412338257,
-0.7480947971343994,
-0.4690694808959961,
-0.8354384899139404,
0.2569741904735565,
0.3900911808013916,
0.9122753143310547,
-2.0953962802886963,
-1.1686897277832031,
0.09754990041255951,
0.1026654839515686,
-0.5727652311325073,
0.6164632439613342,
-0.29169851541519165,
0.9327105283737183,
-0.5557119846343994,
0.09456504136323929,
0.2491392344236374,
1.0803834199905396,
1.4668633937835693,
-1.3535339832305908,
0.49957212805747986,
-0.3242037892341614,
-0.057824067771434784,
-0.46250858902931213,
0.7961840629577637,
1.1648776531219482,
-0.8209558129310608,
0.5389363765716553,
-0.4278471767902374,
-2.1914420127868652,
-0.6450772881507874,
1.5509637594223022,
1.4673939943313599,
-3.4560725688934326,
2.08657169342041,
2.185138702392578,
-0.7562122344970703,
-0.022369973361492157,
2.018178701400757,
0.19804804027080536,
1.169515609741211,
-0.6845008134841919,
0.23150917887687683,
0.8302165269851685,
-1.4335427284240723,
-0.2676926553249359,
-1.0668613910675049,
-0.6399084329605103,
-0.07462677359580994,
0.29110121726989746,
-2.532991886138916,
-1.2445433139801025,
0.28489571809768677,
-0.164018452167511,
0.6760953664779663,
0.5100860595703125,
-1.1545982360839844,
1.226990818977356,
1.13064706325531,
1.9824740886688232,
0.6904174089431763,
-0.3241940140724182,
-0.1629979908466339,
-0.10431469231843948,
0.3349415063858032,
0.2564135789871216,
0.09644204378128052,
-0.2710613012313843,
0.7483130097389221,
1.3997983932495117,
-0.5902979373931885,
0.014902815222740173,
1.0370680093765259,
-0.21170999109745026,
0.6312729120254517,
1.0238542556762695,
-0.2250341773033142,
1.9645986557006836,
0.898841142654419,
-0.12527494132518768,
-0.5556724071502686,
-0.11446510255336761,
1.581751823425293,
-0.3176349401473999,
0.575701117515564,
-0.44371429085731506,
-1.1565468311309814,
-1.2542803287506104,
0.30053043365478516,
-0.6678197979927063,
-0.9714694619178772,
0.9923427104949951,
-1.04937744140625,
-0.5194177627563477,
0.17787602543830872,
0.18973354995250702,
-0.9572440385818481,
-0.8947523832321167,
-1.9087200164794922,
0.4872792065143585,
1.3675416707992554,
-0.042081475257873535,
-0.8638045787811279,
-1.4326423406600952,
0.5445247292518616,
0.1333567500114441,
-2.4702651500701904,
-0.6980406045913696,
0.2798915505409241,
0.3185119330883026,
0.7101193070411682,
-1.023030400276184,
-0.22044521570205688,
-0.684935450553894,
1.0213539600372314,
-0.1177627444267273,
-0.9399759769439697,
0.12644538283348083,
-0.9637147188186646,
-2.519378662109375,
0.2174021154642105,
-1.2861062288284302,
-0.4408133327960968,
-0.017735615372657776,
-0.6132006049156189,
3.2349071502685547,
-0.19885295629501343,
1.487281084060669,
0.41810929775238037,
-0.17408457398414612,
-0.20511029660701752,
0.2766309976577759,
-1.0023163557052612,
1.5425684452056885,
-1.7768309116363525,
-1.2937456369400024,
0.4712841808795929,
0.6489266157150269,
0.6918630599975586,
-0.08054371178150177,
0.13689616322517395,
-0.9746724367141724,
0.3775426149368286,
-0.3267224431037903,
1.8414885997772217,
-0.2223651111125946,
-0.4081573486328125,
-2.2595741748809814,
-0.25937262177467346,
-0.6388547420501709,
-0.25088369846343994,
0.10640919208526611,
0.6520847082138062,
-0.7664449214935303,
-0.5966039896011353,
1.4823739528656006,
-0.35900020599365234,
-0.19882985949516296,
-0.6528633832931519,
1.139417290687561,
1.296567440032959,
-0.16480985283851624,
0.8562751412391663,
-1.3234502077102661,
-0.5369378328323364,
0.48957937955856323,
-0.25069212913513184,
1.2232792377471924,
-1.2243789434432983,
1.0714691877365112,
-0.3837544918060303,
0.2434854507446289,
0.2402215600013733,
-1.3700658082962036,
-0.8174583911895752,
-0.9838688969612122,
-0.9708815813064575,
-0.42411336302757263,
0.4136791229248047,
-1.0755128860473633,
-0.1478714942932129,
1.252213716506958,
0.8448618650436401,
0.6593708395957947,
-1.1939849853515625,
-1.0839293003082275,
-0.5850849151611328,
-1.073045015335083,
0.7944114804267883,
0.5387976169586182,
-0.15982145071029663,
-1.2029945850372314,
-0.4574476480484009,
0.13879825174808502,
-0.6532050371170044,
-1.6374088525772095,
0.5033040046691895,
0.1254206746816635,
0.1022922471165657,
-1.2355962991714478,
1.0528435707092285,
0.4979132413864136,
0.9137789011001587,
2.5545897483825684,
0.2901139259338379,
0.8231531977653503,
-0.28297632932662964,
0.2364206612110138,
1.8945841789245605,
0.43920040130615234,
1.451003074645996,
-0.96421217918396,
-0.9440717697143555,
-0.41575944423675537,
1.0757184028625488,
-0.0018733302131295204,
-1.3149266242980957,
-0.8687493205070496,
0.9445378184318542,
0.8574046492576599,
-0.3484730124473572,
-0.6275334358215332,
-0.8949800729751587,
-1.0901579856872559,
-0.5549017786979675,
0.7325989007949829,
-0.38329458236694336,
-1.725306510925293,
-0.0876702144742012,
1.1388628482818604,
0.08381426334381104,
-0.8061189651489258,
0.7891611456871033,
-0.5966294407844543,
0.6362760663032532,
-0.2695331275463104,
-0.19357115030288696,
-0.8884347677230835,
-0.16220274567604065,
1.159401297569275,
0.3666817247867584,
-0.3123753070831299,
2.029557228088379,
-0.9803661704063416,
-0.8066892623901367,
0.6188210248947144,
1.7736481428146362,
1.6230922937393188,
-0.0649639144539833,
0.8179821968078613,
-0.512930691242218,
0.24240531027317047,
0.8478941917419434,
0.24348203837871552,
-0.769126296043396,
-0.35682764649391174,
-1.0494892597198486,
0.10722348093986511,
2.491309881210327,
0.3093637228012085,
1.479738473892212,
-1.058326244354248,
-1.252668857574463,
1.2550601959228516,
-0.8827605843544006,
0.3833956718444824,
-0.7199145555496216,
0.2741888463497162,
-0.4144247770309448,
0.030647888779640198,
-1.4702763557434082,
0.29789799451828003,
-1.4613659381866455,
-0.8603948354721069,
-0.3825587332248688,
1.009432077407837,
-0.42552077770233154,
0.8632916212081909,
0.28235679864883423
] |
if barnacles are suspension feeders does that mean they eat (or can eat) their own nauplii? | yes, they can, and yes, they do. in case anyone is wondering, the nauplius is a stage in crustacean larval development where they swim with their antenna. suspension feeding means eating things that are suspended in water. barnacles eat things suspended in water; their larval form, the nauplius, swims in water. laboratory experiments have shown that barnacles do eat their own nauplii, and field tests have found that nauplii make up to 16% of the food in barnacle guts. source [here](_url_0_), and it links to relevant studies. | 9 | [] | [] | [
"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-011-1671-1/fulltext.html"
] | [
0.3387192189693451,
0.21402069926261902,
1.190288782119751,
0.2785809636116028,
-1.1775927543640137,
-1.6095855236053467,
1.0769646167755127,
-0.37860313057899475,
0.21685928106307983,
-0.24910348653793335,
-0.2905627489089966,
-1.7896682024002075,
-0.44412603974342346,
1.5842338800430298,
-0.5589534044265747,
-1.3633875846862793,
0.4220336675643921,
0.9242801070213318,
-0.26797014474868774,
1.1425806283950806,
-0.07582220435142517,
1.5008937120437622,
0.7259120941162109,
-0.2625424861907959,
-0.04477068781852722,
-1.3899939060211182,
-0.5750568509101868,
0.31090742349624634,
-0.801460862159729,
-2.084219455718994,
-0.9387983083724976,
0.8419609069824219,
-0.15777939558029175,
-2.586066246032715,
0.32493823766708374,
1.2773337364196777,
0.03721162676811218,
-1.6996368169784546,
-0.42276763916015625,
1.319368600845337,
0.6548656821250916,
-0.02540263533592224,
0.619255781173706,
1.226746916770935,
-0.6110361218452454,
0.33808407187461853,
-1.5678082704544067,
-0.5024633407592773,
-0.021069258451461792,
1.9559954404830933,
-1.344247579574585,
-0.9614381790161133,
1.3961447477340698,
-0.10177452117204666,
-0.9107597470283508,
-0.21280643343925476,
-1.0857309103012085,
-1.0579277276992798,
-1.3429116010665894,
-0.5375552177429199,
1.5085093975067139,
0.9046421647071838,
-0.9116584658622742,
1.4304416179656982,
1.5150777101516724,
0.35847920179367065,
-0.9966297149658203,
0.8780899047851562,
0.16297954320907593,
1.406736969947815,
1.2261083126068115,
-0.6442697644233704,
1.1492621898651123,
-1.2137930393218994,
-0.8471430540084839,
-0.7542432546615601,
0.4983639717102051,
-1.0372722148895264,
-0.035486675798892975,
1.2552099227905273,
-1.644782543182373,
-0.5808117389678955,
-0.055157214403152466,
-0.5434849262237549,
-0.021350428462028503,
1.6740062236785889,
0.1755238026380539,
0.36338236927986145,
-1.2515513896942139,
0.5223034620285034,
-0.176094651222229,
0.3863115608692169,
0.6456944942474365,
-1.01837956905365,
-0.3108563721179962,
1.1410967111587524,
0.021328158676624298,
-0.6992272138595581,
-0.6484780311584473,
-0.27890080213546753,
0.6023975610733032,
1.699073314666748,
0.29465341567993164,
-0.09586009383201599,
0.26434165239334106,
-1.8282701969146729,
0.19533470273017883,
-0.041071414947509766,
0.8700568675994873,
0.7263597249984741,
-0.03130502998828888,
-0.4725618362426758,
1.1820132732391357,
1.1554135084152222,
0.6721702218055725,
-0.15187712013721466,
0.7355072498321533,
-1.3058573007583618,
-1.8955491781234741,
-0.9094375371932983,
-0.06753463298082352,
-0.5692908763885498,
0.05200237035751343,
-1.463829755783081,
-0.7877463102340698,
0.10280361771583557,
-1.886854648590088,
1.5461583137512207,
0.18577440083026886,
-0.606848955154419,
-0.2790719270706177,
-0.5408108234405518,
0.8201197385787964,
-0.8857132196426392,
-1.05393385887146,
0.7655166387557983,
0.10496995598077774,
-0.30335643887519836,
-1.9339487552642822,
0.6619912385940552,
-0.4968193471431732,
-0.11237552762031555,
0.45707255601882935,
-0.1743031144142151,
1.1291632652282715,
1.0652854442596436,
1.1765633821487427,
-0.887702226638794,
0.5249633193016052,
0.282954603433609,
-1.0767358541488647,
-0.5137538909912109,
1.262248158454895,
0.27218204736709595,
-0.6154714822769165,
-1.0325093269348145,
-1.6963274478912354,
0.517926037311554,
2.5638909339904785,
-0.08807563781738281,
-3.193199396133423,
1.391189455986023,
0.35478144884109497,
1.6762481927871704,
-0.3895094096660614,
-0.4274556040763855,
-0.8672646284103394,
-0.12105315923690796,
0.7074275612831116,
-0.06460388749837875,
0.6059735417366028,
1.1291340589523315,
0.5747300386428833,
-1.0083011388778687,
-0.4893953800201416,
-0.3119159936904907,
-0.6681705713272095,
0.44213953614234924,
1.9550764560699463,
0.7195675373077393,
-1.0353879928588867,
-0.14192751049995422,
0.15572944283485413,
0.7572649121284485,
-0.3775510787963867,
-0.24824772775173187,
-1.244155764579773,
-0.021812062710523605,
0.26919981837272644,
-0.6182878017425537,
-0.7342022061347961,
0.2514076828956604,
-0.00709107518196106,
1.3031870126724243,
-0.6672419905662537,
1.10030996799469,
0.8519749641418457,
-1.526819109916687,
0.06983274221420288,
-0.25232213735580444,
-1.9392765760421753,
0.30203723907470703,
0.014611765742301941,
-1.0730979442596436,
0.10388678312301636,
-2.001988649368286,
0.6219547986984253,
0.3063255548477173,
1.4270926713943481,
-0.2189536988735199,
-1.0654263496398926,
0.9410632848739624,
-1.6176645755767822,
0.061861902475357056,
1.4605697393417358,
1.52468740940094,
2.50978946685791,
1.067979335784912,
0.530563473701477,
0.7672070860862732,
-0.2645564675331116,
-2.100924253463745,
0.3306049704551697,
-2.0283215045928955,
0.5251437425613403,
-1.003949522972107,
-0.829578697681427,
0.7895524501800537,
-0.22248101234436035,
0.6151852011680603,
0.8578341007232666,
1.2710657119750977,
0.842379093170166,
-1.4462692737579346,
-1.3865816593170166,
0.9911644458770752,
1.0574979782104492,
0.7179237604141235,
-1.591700553894043,
-0.44982343912124634,
0.1781626045703888,
0.6247014999389648,
0.7164789438247681,
-0.7627964019775391,
-0.8382241725921631,
-0.30012935400009155,
0.4482766389846802,
-0.0127335786819458,
-0.8061238527297974,
1.5189037322998047,
0.07231974601745605,
-0.3511102497577667,
-0.9690954685211182,
-0.7397758960723877,
0.917485237121582,
0.6082988977432251,
-0.39309948682785034,
0.019041597843170166,
-0.5341323614120483,
0.24195855855941772,
1.7830712795257568,
-0.3786580264568329,
-1.7309237718582153,
-1.6703717708587646,
0.8371273279190063,
-0.9508395791053772,
1.320916771888733,
2.13731050491333,
0.6519849300384521,
0.379340261220932,
0.5170559883117676,
0.008781872689723969,
-1.1280895471572876,
0.24538347125053406,
0.9113410711288452,
-1.25182044506073,
0.46373507380485535,
-0.9495993852615356,
0.2618141770362854,
0.2757721543312073,
0.2932298481464386,
-2.2074503898620605,
0.8333843946456909,
-0.567660927772522,
0.10260474681854248,
0.0658111721277237,
-1.111920952796936,
1.0590660572052002,
-0.11399462819099426,
0.6707280278205872,
-0.9514888525009155,
1.1345869302749634,
-0.0829034149646759,
-0.12607841193675995,
0.8986517190933228,
-0.24673166871070862,
0.513457179069519,
-0.20850470662117004,
-0.2892763316631317,
0.3458685278892517,
-1.1094013452529907,
-0.3711104989051819,
0.44383445382118225,
-1.2287697792053223,
0.4533177614212036,
0.532750129699707,
0.3847564160823822,
-0.2560841739177704,
1.8089381456375122,
-1.6616657972335815,
0.38125479221343994,
-0.21057237684726715,
0.2710087299346924,
0.010605238378047943,
1.6123076677322388,
-0.41118720173835754,
-1.906551480293274,
0.8989753127098083,
2.409466028213501,
-0.18952244520187378,
0.8896725177764893,
0.310802161693573,
-1.2461366653442383,
0.6630942225456238,
-0.6373185515403748,
-0.11552785336971283,
0.04834336042404175,
-0.4971148669719696,
-0.5054875612258911,
0.008480072021484375,
-1.0890522003173828,
1.6023808717727661,
0.2179790437221527,
-0.17965707182884216,
1.0185651779174805,
1.844042181968689,
1.6688389778137207,
0.005041033029556274,
-2.228102445602417,
-0.11793369799852371,
-0.42345476150512695,
0.02710382640361786,
1.8864084482192993,
0.168615460395813,
-1.079681634902954,
-0.05523942410945892,
0.3474125564098358,
1.499394178390503,
0.44402801990509033,
-0.7206960916519165,
0.2557217478752136,
0.9709362983703613,
-1.3536118268966675,
-0.08399808406829834,
0.7478760480880737,
0.535125732421875,
-2.445146083831787,
-0.9728302955627441,
0.8241764307022095,
-1.6398392915725708,
-0.31683245301246643,
-0.7393506765365601,
0.48124033212661743,
1.042982578277588,
-1.2005785703659058,
1.477562427520752,
-1.693979024887085,
1.1975278854370117,
1.6694583892822266,
-0.04385216161608696,
-0.27260833978652954,
0.8226010799407959,
2.0071566104888916,
-0.3467167615890503,
-1.2147817611694336,
1.282122015953064,
1.6087963581085205,
0.20079973340034485,
-0.30437958240509033,
1.27314031124115,
0.7568780779838562,
0.09027202427387238,
2.8383753299713135,
0.5683401823043823
] |
|
oceanographers of reddit, what technology do you think best assists you in the field? | i'm not an oceanographer, but i'm in a closely-related discipline and i see a lot of oceanography talks at conferences. the best tool i ever saw discussed in oceanography was a device used to gather observations on the ocean state (temperature/salinity/etc) with the help of sea lions off the coast of california. they would drug the animals, glue a small computer to their foreheads, and let them go. the device would take observations as the sea lion went about its daily business, and radio the information back to ucla for analysis. eventually the glue would wear off and the device would be lost. according to the guy who was talking about it, the sea lions seem to be perfectly fine with it. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v123/i5/p3628_s2?bypassSSO=1"
] | [
-1.0161833763122559,
0.7686625719070435,
0.3172403573989868,
-0.8730424642562866,
0.8930872678756714,
-0.8746254444122314,
0.5780546069145203,
-0.0918930247426033,
-0.3449077606201172,
0.06959263235330582,
0.06217794120311737,
0.5671420097351074,
1.3568124771118164,
-0.4997813105583191,
-1.2608994245529175,
-0.19261515140533447,
0.00727418065071106,
-0.6375481486320496,
0.10321511328220367,
-0.5460087656974792,
-0.5959926843643188,
1.7557892799377441,
-0.03360702097415924,
-0.09802305698394775,
-1.1310532093048096,
0.7003898620605469,
-1.6395584344863892,
0.2359742522239685,
-0.32334113121032715,
-0.29983577132225037,
-0.46245700120925903,
0.14752590656280518,
-0.6564494371414185,
-0.4255775511264801,
0.8211129903793335,
-0.002234429121017456,
1.2811839580535889,
-0.3820277750492096,
-1.2117904424667358,
0.21016454696655273,
0.03441169857978821,
-0.19080251455307007,
1.749419093132019,
1.0033271312713623,
-0.3537311553955078,
0.6595668196678162,
-1.079704999923706,
-1.272987723350525,
-0.7432291507720947,
1.1482930183410645,
-1.1086888313293457,
-0.7541160583496094,
-0.08339083194732666,
-1.4840304851531982,
-0.06996405124664307,
0.7230029106140137,
0.038954492658376694,
-0.16131997108459473,
-1.0635002851486206,
-1.1981651782989502,
0.7394813299179077,
-0.22687570750713348,
-1.5392733812332153,
1.8538627624511719,
1.7717218399047852,
0.5731209516525269,
-0.858561635017395,
0.0333588570356369,
-0.9572463631629944,
0.25116097927093506,
-1.4773383140563965,
0.4619106948375702,
0.8259530663490295,
0.7973787188529968,
-0.05584724247455597,
-1.0251028537750244,
0.8263078927993774,
-0.7755128145217896,
-0.03398999571800232,
-0.9755740165710449,
-1.631316900253296,
0.5167663097381592,
0.07459718734025955,
1.2193597555160522,
0.9165352582931519,
0.7685741186141968,
-0.19412048161029816,
1.408940315246582,
-0.8073264360427856,
0.33771148324012756,
0.9277098178863525,
-2.4995858669281006,
1.4272890090942383,
-1.5653858184814453,
-0.5835387706756592,
1.4647732973098755,
-0.25269031524658203,
-0.929156482219696,
0.17629845440387726,
0.32333675026893616,
-0.7699759006500244,
-0.9932712912559509,
-2.1417429447174072,
-1.630441665649414,
-1.539925217628479,
-1.1313397884368896,
-0.361309677362442,
-0.1171998381614685,
-0.489792138338089,
0.22347420454025269,
-0.6096898913383484,
0.9963288903236389,
-0.7171840667724609,
0.6701668500900269,
-0.5397616028785706,
0.33820271492004395,
-0.9706215858459473,
-0.8460043668746948,
-0.3128385543823242,
-2.61538028717041,
0.8788418769836426,
-1.0444684028625488,
1.2598247528076172,
0.6761155128479004,
0.5726298689842224,
0.06298333406448364,
2.1389408111572266,
1.3734287023544312,
1.5111032724380493,
-0.0644724890589714,
0.413951575756073,
-1.0525164604187012,
1.2080011367797852,
0.40330782532691956,
-0.1383790224790573,
0.019484251737594604,
-0.1818871796131134,
0.3275415003299713,
-0.7998964786529541,
2.19256591796875,
0.4152792990207672,
0.38680991530418396,
0.7515007853507996,
1.1472060680389404,
0.39882349967956543,
1.8516929149627686,
-0.21117782592773438,
-0.046930789947509766,
1.3815021514892578,
-0.5243613719940186,
-0.07126525044441223,
-0.24766872823238373,
2.191391706466675,
0.4714129865169525,
-1.1427408456802368,
0.387717068195343,
0.29760515689849854,
1.7229524850845337,
0.24486243724822998,
-0.1514810472726822,
-1.146998643875122,
-0.06763282418251038,
0.8381940126419067,
0.9982874393463135,
-0.9954901933670044,
-0.32553309202194214,
-0.6197190880775452,
-0.11770102381706238,
1.9697624444961548,
1.0719830989837646,
0.10986073315143585,
0.6178497076034546,
0.9015122652053833,
0.0832056999206543,
-0.7616710662841797,
-0.2670319080352783,
0.3940785229206085,
1.0364593267440796,
0.6738914251327515,
0.11688598990440369,
-0.7761387228965759,
-1.0211600065231323,
0.0015478134155273438,
1.0333627462387085,
0.41302689909935,
-0.6824128031730652,
0.015362061560153961,
0.2600386142730713,
-1.0624749660491943,
0.08910936117172241,
1.304428219795227,
0.5986245274543762,
2.1891908645629883,
2.0315051078796387,
-0.7655410170555115,
-0.2943539023399353,
-0.6037610769271851,
-1.5228618383407593,
-2.070249557495117,
-0.36877644062042236,
-0.12304267287254333,
-1.6113848686218262,
-0.30459994077682495,
-0.12678787112236023,
0.32442113757133484,
-1.5865416526794434,
-0.09374769777059555,
0.49221229553222656,
0.20601798593997955,
1.4126372337341309,
0.5951462388038635,
-1.0484743118286133,
-0.8517746925354004,
0.7078748345375061,
1.3944555521011353,
0.7144679427146912,
-2.086002826690674,
-0.2111830711364746,
0.6735571622848511,
0.1383800208568573,
0.584670901298523,
-1.9404535293579102,
-0.06201513856649399,
-2.6266067028045654,
-1.0020047426223755,
-1.1069025993347168,
0.08540117740631104,
-0.18203774094581604,
-0.23375888168811798,
-0.5448468923568726,
1.316238522529602,
0.29959118366241455,
0.2608640789985657,
0.017631500959396362,
-0.3795192241668701,
-1.0533355474472046,
-0.7987356781959534,
-1.2641829252243042,
-0.44950586557388306,
0.3687566816806793,
-1.152607798576355,
0.028828084468841553,
-0.6391817331314087,
-0.10650017857551575,
0.7571693062782288,
-0.5126107931137085,
0.7311862707138062,
1.09452223777771,
-0.7014843821525574,
0.47729402780532837,
-1.3119621276855469,
-1.133237600326538,
-0.2764257788658142,
0.10379445552825928,
0.008986502885818481,
0.33196112513542175,
-0.5692068338394165,
0.1721605807542801,
-1.4417812824249268,
1.0235540866851807,
1.6750036478042603,
-1.0879368782043457,
-0.37661367654800415,
-0.377384752035141,
0.7692431211471558,
-0.7554513216018677,
-1.0704423189163208,
-0.8366585373878479,
-0.25501924753189087,
-0.22075581550598145,
-1.8425798416137695,
0.3013475239276886,
-0.4626079201698303,
-0.05852314084768295,
0.628690779209137,
-0.06409820169210434,
0.6212984919548035,
-0.31450074911117554,
0.378641813993454,
2.0306224822998047,
-0.16595317423343658,
-0.9933946132659912,
0.5533877611160278,
0.19648289680480957,
1.0225348472595215,
-1.7578561305999756,
-1.2342346906661987,
-1.1578048467636108,
1.162731647491455,
-0.069134920835495,
2.0432863235473633,
2.594456195831299,
-1.2243142127990723,
-0.2511254847049713,
1.8704408407211304,
-0.30461999773979187,
0.31598222255706787,
1.126091480255127,
0.6814729571342468,
0.20665183663368225,
-0.6482677459716797,
0.4114091396331787,
-1.0366626977920532,
2.1873626708984375,
-0.7252551913261414,
-0.1716085821390152,
0.16493168473243713,
1.0653173923492432,
1.7412182092666626,
-0.7069734334945679,
0.8825247287750244,
-1.957295536994934,
-0.16544446349143982,
0.25898298621177673,
-0.472908079624176,
0.7013341188430786,
-0.7112393379211426,
0.5780237913131714,
-0.33494412899017334,
-0.36437535285949707,
1.5325440168380737,
-0.05649840831756592,
0.35266733169555664,
0.8794219493865967,
-2.048722982406616,
-0.6348000764846802,
0.7495412826538086,
-0.18986546993255615,
-0.39328670501708984,
-1.7059396505355835,
-0.900862991809845,
-0.6460395455360413,
-1.1317768096923828,
1.121016025543213,
1.4767742156982422,
1.9319696426391602,
1.1293079853057861,
-0.6967430710792542,
-1.7489047050476074,
0.21087738871574402,
0.26885950565338135,
1.2474994659423828,
0.9826233386993408,
0.012868702411651611,
-0.08034976571798325,
1.6017922163009644,
1.354703426361084,
0.3213450312614441,
0.8636468052864075,
0.7427932024002075,
-1.3449324369430542,
-0.02694251388311386,
-0.6024088859558105,
-0.21868711709976196,
1.1103322505950928,
-0.7795354127883911,
-1.4544551372528076,
-0.562759280204773,
1.0506560802459717,
-1.068938970565796,
0.7558013796806335,
1.9146422147750854,
-0.7407128810882568,
3.3885293006896973,
1.4407960176467896,
1.5562465190887451,
0.48557257652282715,
-0.27787479758262634,
-1.153261661529541,
-0.303005576133728,
0.9870939254760742,
1.5449572801589966,
-0.33868280053138733,
0.3008825182914734,
-0.3992892801761627,
0.9640358686447144,
1.1762378215789795,
-0.6931199431419373,
-1.3741976022720337,
1.3656853437423706,
-0.7120373249053955,
0.20591391623020172,
1.288447380065918,
1.6197062730789185
] |
|
when a material is cut or broken, where exactly is the separation happening? | does the break happen at a molecular level or is it at a larger scale? i know the atoms aren't spring but do molecules break apart? | depends on material: when you break ice, you break the van der waals bonds between molecules. when you break a metal, the metal is all atoms bound by metalic bonds so you break metal to metal bonds. in some ceramics, the ceramic can be thought of one big molecule, and you are breaking molecules. (ionic and covalent bonds) in some you can be breaking between molecule thick plates. in polymers, you can think of a polymer like a sphagetti. each individual strand is strong but connections between them are weak. you are most likely pulling apart the strands, not breaking them. however some may have very long strands or interconnected ones. in those cases you are breaking the molecular bonds. in all cases the crack is likely to follow flaws in the material (or weak points). | 20 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.2914552688598633,
0.4924427568912506,
0.651504397392273,
-0.35789918899536133,
-2.748272180557251,
-0.41241493821144104,
1.3128056526184082,
1.6984683275222778,
0.3275110125541687,
-0.6934776902198792,
0.32128286361694336,
0.1640729308128357,
-1.130610704421997,
0.8248131275177002,
2.446497917175293,
0.283283531665802,
-3.063880443572998,
1.36171293258667,
-2.897322654724121,
2.0129809379577637,
-0.907818615436554,
-1.355064868927002,
-0.6821438074111938,
-0.3492512106895447,
-0.9818741083145142,
2.06390643119812,
1.2817238569259644,
1.137892484664917,
-0.20749588310718536,
0.488944411277771,
-1.2718162536621094,
0.5326654314994812,
-1.2853721380233765,
0.41135308146476746,
2.2425901889801025,
0.3392842411994934,
-2.5970470905303955,
0.694360077381134,
-0.12359598278999329,
-0.9528756737709045,
0.5268011093139648,
0.005293428897857666,
-0.5126155614852905,
0.7498135566711426,
1.4655014276504517,
0.22396324574947357,
0.6140188574790955,
-0.7977781295776367,
-0.9219046831130981,
-0.5972403883934021,
-0.8206688165664673,
1.4016857147216797,
0.034173235297203064,
0.8793638944625854,
-0.045444488525390625,
0.30031538009643555,
0.8263232707977295,
0.4531041383743286,
0.8344480991363525,
-0.4322117567062378,
1.6733288764953613,
0.9267141819000244,
-1.825704574584961,
1.3972681760787964,
2.6498522758483887,
-0.681340217590332,
2.756338357925415,
0.6751534938812256,
-3.3073015213012695,
2.7289299964904785,
1.865384817123413,
0.5886813402175903,
-2.2330586910247803,
0.43720436096191406,
0.9818342924118042,
0.9019290804862976,
-0.09650537371635437,
-0.9818088412284851,
-0.9590816497802734,
1.2084115743637085,
-1.4733525514602661,
-0.6417537927627563,
-0.2073245644569397,
0.9092642664909363,
-2.3205060958862305,
2.1997241973876953,
0.6779205799102783,
-0.885418713092804,
-0.16991284489631653,
0.20841169357299805,
-1.4136399030685425,
1.508087158203125,
0.6584421992301941,
1.5526041984558105,
0.014748066663742065,
1.7408108711242676,
0.45059746503829956,
-0.3306225538253784,
-1.342994213104248,
1.214911699295044,
0.24843399226665497,
1.309678077697754,
-2.60463285446167,
-0.673586905002594,
-0.7572275996208191,
0.6579248309135437,
0.31133830547332764,
0.2885586619377136,
0.11151126772165298,
0.06231221556663513,
0.11825832724571228,
0.05576793849468231,
-0.4515189826488495,
-0.24891397356987,
-0.4628375768661499,
-1.7083054780960083,
2.444303035736084,
0.4114201068878174,
-1.159576416015625,
0.6412822604179382,
-1.0881950855255127,
-0.6382542848587036,
-1.429189682006836,
0.3660379946231842,
-1.260646939277649,
-0.7515826225280762,
-1.019091010093689,
1.4542341232299805,
1.2474697828292847,
-0.16677963733673096,
0.9151728749275208,
-0.5987804532051086,
-0.3947625160217285,
-0.40510597825050354,
-1.238268494606018,
-0.00028511881828308105,
-1.423151969909668,
-0.7947073578834534,
-2.269974708557129,
1.332062840461731,
0.17776276171207428,
-1.7211112976074219,
1.2701053619384766,
-0.6141340136528015,
0.5958089232444763,
-0.27654269337654114,
-0.8457907438278198,
0.3390834331512451,
-1.3347067832946777,
0.14967864751815796,
-0.2541871964931488,
-0.6586610078811646,
0.8526248931884766,
-1.532821536064148,
-0.08246045559644699,
-1.938599944114685,
1.0241730213165283,
1.1612112522125244,
-0.7945854663848877,
0.933027446269989,
-1.7409007549285889,
1.1528420448303223,
-0.2904411852359772,
0.6586552858352661,
0.7006154656410217,
-0.6532654762268066,
0.8135979771614075,
-3.085537910461426,
0.6610822081565857,
-1.3746830224990845,
-0.23809252679347992,
0.9720197916030884,
2.3076295852661133,
-0.8280815482139587,
-1.9434877634048462,
1.1218510866165161,
-3.4088566303253174,
-0.3040059804916382,
1.1595160961151123,
3.422816276550293,
-0.7208200097084045,
1.1482484340667725,
0.8253399133682251,
0.7867735028266907,
1.1812095642089844,
-0.4685949683189392,
-0.5979438424110413,
1.5482807159423828,
-0.3629554808139801,
0.7748750448226929,
-0.6234466433525085,
1.8629285097122192,
-1.7056641578674316,
1.071857213973999,
-2.08967924118042,
-0.1848650872707367,
-0.7614068984985352,
-1.0008234977722168,
-2.7373898029327393,
-0.10325485467910767,
0.1653853952884674,
0.13627305626869202,
-1.829553246498108,
-1.0539460182189941,
-0.4407484531402588,
-0.7339261770248413,
2.298938274383545,
0.2376013696193695,
-2.449425458908081,
0.14375904202461243,
-0.24639835953712463,
-2.7848095893859863,
-3.6333398818969727,
0.1618429720401764,
0.15303899347782135,
-3.2980103492736816,
1.2995320558547974,
-0.5134376287460327,
-1.3969255685806274,
-1.6416513919830322,
2.281236410140991,
-1.1114914417266846,
-0.1592268943786621,
-1.5949959754943848,
-0.5434390306472778,
-2.9592485427856445,
0.36896103620529175,
2.3807168006896973,
0.3221496641635895,
-0.34901225566864014,
-2.0551352500915527,
1.12659752368927,
-0.2942928075790405,
1.464485764503479,
0.6264029145240784,
-1.3491997718811035,
-1.0874580144882202,
-0.9512947797775269,
-0.7652444839477539,
-1.596060037612915,
1.677577257156372,
1.0895682573318481,
1.245141625404358,
0.09418722987174988,
-0.4369978606700897,
0.3693983852863312,
1.472427248954773,
1.7660759687423706,
0.5705183744430542,
-0.42702531814575195,
-0.8398866057395935,
-1.876954197883606,
0.13306239247322083,
2.9429688453674316,
0.21889013051986694,
-0.8466108441352844,
-0.24574968218803406,
-0.9823253154754639,
-1.008682370185852,
0.16763275861740112,
0.6615657806396484,
-2.724722146987915,
-0.5642703175544739,
-3.944009304046631,
0.31665438413619995,
1.0665857791900635,
0.2886899411678314,
1.6101313829421997,
-1.1915644407272339,
-0.14116129279136658,
0.8960272073745728,
1.6141588687896729,
-0.16820184886455536,
0.3756262958049774,
2.25154709815979,
-1.289703369140625,
0.7590805292129517,
-1.5345758199691772,
-1.097430944442749,
0.8911663293838501,
0.5039358139038086,
-1.6449850797653198,
-0.5094902515411377,
2.3226940631866455,
1.3741496801376343,
0.5264506340026855,
1.7463997602462769,
0.1830548346042633,
1.1665006875991821,
-2.1046090126037598,
-1.6986339092254639,
0.6362634897232056,
-0.3302514851093292,
-0.19679099321365356,
2.1346232891082764,
3.308614492416382,
0.18801935017108917,
2.0857436656951904,
1.4954787492752075,
-1.1822755336761475,
0.0937051847577095,
-2.1357603073120117,
-3.3614070415496826,
-0.0642281249165535,
-0.48060381412506104,
1.3600518703460693,
-1.681559681892395,
2.763950824737549,
0.14474493265151978,
-0.2709200978279114,
0.561715304851532,
0.4209994077682495,
0.44403237104415894,
-0.40772348642349243,
-0.7101897597312927,
-0.32199597358703613,
2.026123523712158,
2.064572334289551,
0.8539031147956848,
-0.3751496374607086,
1.8192427158355713,
0.3009999990463257,
0.868441104888916,
-0.46373188495635986,
-1.3648183345794678,
2.1024599075317383,
-1.5162932872772217,
-1.0889840126037598,
0.8111361265182495,
0.8136652708053589,
0.10978471487760544,
0.3732045590877533,
-0.17045891284942627,
1.118704915046692,
0.5131423473358154,
1.1018472909927368,
-0.8140169978141785,
-1.88132643699646,
-1.0701898336410522,
0.6109500527381897,
0.06179434061050415,
-0.1517660915851593,
1.7364752292633057,
2.1602120399475098,
0.5123852491378784,
-1.3645702600479126,
-1.0990080833435059,
-0.3299117386341095,
-2.0280959606170654,
1.1916216611862183,
-0.45343002676963806,
1.1855638027191162,
2.8429694175720215,
3.4049594402313232,
1.5331937074661255,
0.013982027769088745,
-1.3593261241912842,
0.5763294100761414,
-1.400985598564148,
0.32825568318367004,
-2.357006072998047,
-0.380580872297287,
-1.009373426437378,
2.630052089691162,
0.4406532645225525,
1.4037989377975464,
0.06491590291261673,
1.712962031364441,
-1.2577496767044067,
0.678266167640686,
0.8518469333648682,
1.753819465637207,
0.9236823320388794,
-1.4492530822753906,
-0.23224669694900513,
-0.20347364246845245,
-0.6902511119842529,
2.308173179626465,
-1.535596489906311,
-0.3608773648738861,
1.6044520139694214,
-0.7694631814956665,
2.1138744354248047,
0.9658999443054199
] |
what is "fuzzy logic" and how is it used in washing machines? | i've noticed that a lot of washing machines promote the fact that they use "fuzzy logic" to wash your clothes better. just wondering what the principal was and how it was applied to a moving barrel of clothes in soapy water. | the use of fuzzy logic in washing machines is probably mostly *marketing speak*™, as the problem of washing clothes clean can fairly easily be codified in traditional ways due to the few variables involved: you can measure temperature, water level, load, humidity, balance and time; and you can influence cold water intake, hot water intake, heater, drum speed, drum direction and drain pump plus maybe an extra pump for circulating water in the drum. some ways of utilising the fuzzy logic could be extension of the washing cycle if the temperature is too low and running the centrifuge cycle for longer if the humidity is too high, *without set values for the extra time allocated*. some washing machines also detect an unbalanced drum, which could literally break the washing machine if not rebalanced before starting a centrifuge cycle, but most modern washing machines automatically take measures to rebalance the drum whether required or not. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_logic"
] | [
-2.2627103328704834,
-0.013467501848936081,
1.7207064628601074,
-0.20816463232040405,
-0.18398411571979523,
-1.5559759140014648,
1.2275867462158203,
-1.049929141998291,
-0.2301899492740631,
-0.9721409678459167,
0.3256816565990448,
-0.790122389793396,
-0.09202942997217178,
-0.032178401947021484,
0.13702069222927094,
-1.1192251443862915,
2.5425336360931396,
-0.34801560640335083,
-3.193929433822632,
-0.6473326086997986,
0.14571142196655273,
0.6353589296340942,
-1.8354191780090332,
-0.14779478311538696,
-0.8545212745666504,
0.9889061450958252,
-0.3024410307407379,
1.5232504606246948,
0.8746669888496399,
0.37187743186950684,
-1.1836258172988892,
0.7992022037506104,
-0.6497364044189453,
-1.6190719604492188,
-0.585559606552124,
0.3138570189476013,
-0.3806029260158539,
-1.6713310480117798,
-1.9669616222381592,
1.1876683235168457,
0.3208775818347931,
-1.3583356142044067,
1.2407035827636719,
0.26231902837753296,
-0.06702093780040741,
2.2495522499084473,
0.3493652939796448,
-0.6930516958236694,
-0.7779611945152283,
0.13661445677280426,
0.5890822410583496,
1.7863589525222778,
2.332883358001709,
-2.0746381282806396,
-2.090618848800659,
-0.43215370178222656,
2.3650314807891846,
0.145614355802536,
-2.7645485401153564,
0.33396223187446594,
-2.403109312057495,
1.084435224533081,
-1.463762879371643,
1.4768035411834717,
3.9213528633117676,
-0.08089098334312439,
-1.711208462715149,
1.3038030862808228,
-1.1502254009246826,
1.3581433296203613,
-0.2140738070011139,
-0.15734675526618958,
-0.9916342496871948,
-1.1759543418884277,
0.3624935746192932,
0.13427585363388062,
0.05473896861076355,
-2.0213849544525146,
0.28781554102897644,
-1.232709527015686,
-1.641203761100769,
-1.5501466989517212,
-0.9176648855209351,
-0.1068669855594635,
-0.9212131500244141,
1.0025254487991333,
1.6425482034683228,
-0.5482139587402344,
0.15968568623065948,
-0.14750364422798157,
0.016038358211517334,
0.20919594168663025,
-1.0360832214355469,
-0.5597140789031982,
2.671356201171875,
2.595757007598877,
-0.8134377002716064,
0.8250158429145813,
-1.295151948928833,
0.19085612893104553,
-1.3168914318084717,
-0.12360510230064392,
-2.206240177154541,
-0.5896174907684326,
0.9439300298690796,
-2.2320828437805176,
0.04775194823741913,
1.3657586574554443,
0.714371919631958,
-2.980339527130127,
0.6586560606956482,
0.44319623708724976,
2.454561233520508,
-1.4803833961486816,
-1.1478959321975708,
-0.6720393300056458,
0.23611071705818176,
-1.5568466186523438,
-2.3742001056671143,
-0.4303593039512634,
0.029991380870342255,
-1.7345190048217773,
-2.133187770843506,
0.23161828517913818,
0.38724690675735474,
0.46337902545928955,
-0.641420304775238,
1.2426867485046387,
-1.5359407663345337,
-1.3435529470443726,
2.4302103519439697,
-0.8065527677536011,
1.161739468574524,
-0.39891207218170166,
0.29679107666015625,
-0.486091285943985,
4.0336079597473145,
0.5473656058311462,
1.6110488176345825,
2.202702283859253,
-1.439586877822876,
0.1912274807691574,
0.29700493812561035,
-1.4242885112762451,
0.9978536367416382,
0.3766160309314728,
-1.2233574390411377,
-1.9913029670715332,
-0.5895941257476807,
-1.637509822845459,
0.44730710983276367,
-2.163299322128296,
1.9355441331863403,
-1.3587276935577393,
1.565239429473877,
-1.5899580717086792,
1.124363660812378,
1.0414611101150513,
1.3459041118621826,
0.7358814477920532,
-3.109417676925659,
2.4794833660125732,
-3.287167549133301,
-1.1378202438354492,
0.13317324221134186,
1.6454626321792603,
-0.09094204008579254,
-1.2437329292297363,
0.24335499107837677,
-0.1985132098197937,
-0.0295582115650177,
-0.4537387192249298,
-0.5741885900497437,
-2.0140671730041504,
-1.8565690517425537,
-0.3740283250808716,
-2.7517707347869873,
0.2294941544532776,
0.8146377801895142,
1.0809376239776611,
1.178436517715454,
1.031291127204895,
1.6956732273101807,
0.22726254165172577,
2.0421762466430664,
-0.03165021538734436,
-0.8567227125167847,
1.8786749839782715,
-3.566802740097046,
1.370908260345459,
-2.068342924118042,
-0.32166481018066406,
-0.8981553316116333,
2.3167707920074463,
0.8226602673530579,
-0.8896411061286926,
-1.0375860929489136,
-1.547431468963623,
0.06672734767198563,
-1.2699462175369263,
-2.2336766719818115,
2.219848394393921,
-0.32864129543304443,
-1.7478042840957642,
0.7033146619796753,
-1.2589740753173828,
-0.5460802316665649,
-1.9147201776504517,
0.6340080499649048,
2.1121959686279297,
-0.5659746527671814,
0.47614991664886475,
-0.7806869745254517,
-1.8799198865890503,
0.8507644534111023,
1.0249555110931396,
0.8150144815444946,
-0.34742146730422974,
-0.8648818135261536,
0.2507149279117584,
1.6422603130340576,
-0.9642885327339172,
1.5435454845428467,
-1.9096399545669556,
-0.47478625178337097,
0.7491061687469482,
-1.42412269115448,
3.568592071533203,
0.5811055898666382,
1.3508336544036865,
3.0416362285614014,
0.9828763604164124,
0.658380389213562,
1.8941490650177002,
-1.3568367958068848,
0.04660552740097046,
-0.8163376450538635,
-0.04456682503223419,
0.38591450452804565,
1.9535479545593262,
-1.0672705173492432,
-0.2050991654396057,
-0.9454323053359985,
0.7325882911682129,
0.4355670213699341,
1.586740493774414,
0.4289172291755676,
2.409640073776245,
-0.6739261150360107,
-1.0211002826690674,
-4.298130512237549,
1.0466697216033936,
-0.06951409578323364,
-0.23288480937480927,
-2.381880283355713,
0.132729172706604,
-0.49051520228385925,
0.9351866245269775,
-1.5684722661972046,
-0.90305495262146,
1.6471319198608398,
1.9846599102020264,
-0.6173175573348999,
0.2247985452413559,
2.019131660461426,
-3.205665349960327,
0.6998209953308105,
2.32706618309021,
-2.0237133502960205,
-0.4707115888595581,
-1.4646519422531128,
-4.257339954376221,
-0.45831871032714844,
0.5166758298873901,
1.3939610719680786,
-1.9757403135299683,
1.2729504108428955,
1.308005928993225,
-1.6431119441986084,
2.0862197875976562,
2.4684526920318604,
-3.376289129257202,
-2.517866611480713,
3.187904119491577,
2.500783920288086,
-0.48098576068878174,
-0.32870152592658997,
-1.2838459014892578,
0.01299053430557251,
-1.0264450311660767,
0.8199416995048523,
2.6940462589263916,
1.1855676174163818,
-1.190001368522644,
1.1077624559402466,
1.6944804191589355,
2.901151180267334,
0.3962628245353699,
-0.3472980558872223,
-0.47003644704818726,
0.5016242861747742,
-0.44318121671676636,
-1.078714370727539,
0.985520601272583,
-0.3700812757015228,
0.43020325899124146,
0.770372211933136,
1.5651179552078247,
0.04020531475543976,
-2.555422067642212,
0.49021345376968384,
-1.1887614727020264,
0.4299890398979187,
0.8419173359870911,
-0.33517491817474365,
1.800094723701477,
-0.7583399415016174,
3.936893939971924,
-0.21235796809196472,
1.6622389554977417,
-1.889260172843933,
-2.7262442111968994,
3.216400623321533,
1.4346765279769897,
-0.09309852123260498,
0.07826216518878937,
0.9076628684997559,
-0.6308860182762146,
-1.437157392501831,
0.5884794592857361,
0.9605556726455688,
-0.30212101340293884,
0.9865708351135254,
0.3277166485786438,
1.2491388320922852,
1.1908953189849854,
0.22436098754405975,
0.18262094259262085,
-3.0778534412384033,
-0.770031750202179,
0.16313250362873077,
0.9993155598640442,
0.30168426036834717,
2.755211591720581,
0.03328603506088257,
-0.6378998160362244,
-0.5292314887046814,
2.43346905708313,
-0.20351482927799225,
0.4348509907722473,
0.5980771780014038,
2.0002856254577637,
-0.4144033193588257,
0.158633291721344,
1.0110926628112793,
0.5447289943695068,
-0.9079432487487793,
0.2142484337091446,
-0.7884781956672668,
-0.04024370759725571,
-1.6913533210754395,
-0.8715817332267761,
-1.4077503681182861,
3.083475112915039,
2.735772132873535,
-1.0976784229278564,
-1.9309898614883423,
-0.0851568877696991,
-0.7479563355445862,
0.33168143033981323,
0.35201531648635864,
1.9434030055999756,
1.504942774772644,
1.1618266105651855,
0.9179584980010986,
-1.2671436071395874,
-0.31081682443618774,
1.2431548833847046,
-1.047409176826477,
2.189605951309204,
-0.4421609044075012,
1.2281402349472046,
1.2714954614639282,
1.0467487573623657
] |
will you starve faster eating celery or eating nothing at all? | it's still considered a myth that eating celery results in a net calorie loss. there is no research that proves otherwise. you would die faster eating nothing at all, although i expect the difference would be small considering celery is so nutrient deficient. edit: diction | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.21053552627563477,
-0.7719624042510986,
-0.1816040575504303,
0.15846289694309235,
0.4745100736618042,
-0.6930281519889832,
0.23181754350662231,
0.45133548974990845,
0.17100314795970917,
0.2734606862068176,
0.13881060481071472,
-0.9462873935699463,
-0.40786635875701904,
0.12181596457958221,
-0.37315335869789124,
-0.8866662979125977,
0.6781747937202454,
0.4474336802959442,
-0.48427054286003113,
-0.4187833368778229,
0.7869496941566467,
1.2656731605529785,
0.27617189288139343,
-0.23315295577049255,
-0.6788455247879028,
-0.026084154844284058,
0.571386456489563,
-0.6851979494094849,
0.27590733766555786,
-0.5869469046592712,
0.3008821904659271,
0.6925726532936096,
-0.6057159900665283,
-0.9421961307525635,
-0.3990333676338196,
0.12536199390888214,
0.5405673980712891,
-0.5397237539291382,
0.36250728368759155,
-0.44312283396720886,
-0.045884743332862854,
0.7789679765701294,
-0.4724917709827423,
0.18771937489509583,
0.31696251034736633,
0.3262900114059448,
-0.6697394847869873,
-0.45080459117889404,
-0.7196197509765625,
0.16237527132034302,
-0.2830623984336853,
0.5857800245285034,
-0.2806631326675415,
0.24579207599163055,
0.18731838464736938,
0.2500973343849182,
-0.5486770272254944,
-0.15330898761749268,
-1.0217475891113281,
0.040061354637145996,
-0.07575912773609161,
0.2505388855934143,
-0.3343828320503235,
0.683387041091919,
0.8965866565704346,
0.2681117057800293,
-0.14543861150741577,
-0.4464470446109772,
-0.42071348428726196,
-0.17616891860961914,
0.5856371521949768,
0.037605226039886475,
0.5280529260635376,
0.19815103709697723,
0.5523957014083862,
-0.31865394115448,
-0.5539203882217407,
0.2939068675041199,
-0.38625800609588623,
0.08556083589792252,
-0.13736063241958618,
0.24080371856689453,
-0.008665062487125397,
-1.285757064819336,
-0.5187150835990906,
-0.2644777297973633,
0.2609514594078064,
-0.7611662149429321,
0.2188701331615448,
0.6334982514381409,
-0.24021342396736145,
-0.12295979261398315,
0.04935377836227417,
0.2894383668899536,
-0.23218323290348053,
0.8947727680206299,
-0.9849529266357422,
-0.8182408213615417,
-0.18941593170166016,
0.04028937220573425,
-1.192771315574646,
0.5596879720687866,
-1.642442226409912,
0.21818824112415314,
0.3037950396537781,
-1.0860108137130737,
-0.007459908723831177,
0.5100197792053223,
0.7745453119277954,
0.8814325332641602,
-0.031019367277622223,
0.4273982644081116,
0.5590038299560547,
0.10327497124671936,
0.3947019577026367,
-0.24637766182422638,
1.0825269222259521,
0.0056684911251068115,
0.7633637189865112,
-1.029676914215088,
-0.19882872700691223,
-0.08185765892267227,
-0.7113136053085327,
-0.23043519258499146,
0.2280612736940384,
-0.17595577239990234,
0.686185359954834,
0.6500195860862732,
0.19572556018829346,
-0.9879379272460938,
0.5515196323394775,
-1.0955322980880737,
0.4743334949016571,
0.030644714832305908,
-0.8870722651481628,
-0.4208844304084778,
0.3509451746940613,
-0.8104836940765381,
0.14164675772190094,
0.027547866106033325,
0.18365246057510376,
-0.6241216659545898,
0.1842629760503769,
-0.2840213179588318,
-0.15614423155784607,
1.0112948417663574,
0.17999988794326782,
-0.431183397769928,
-0.2633408308029175,
0.17602258920669556,
-0.24663114547729492,
0.16827735304832458,
-0.18466006219387054,
-0.4615600109100342,
-0.49102556705474854,
-0.4133799076080322,
0.19374695420265198,
-0.2918117046356201,
0.329873263835907,
0.03383466601371765,
-0.6241101622581482,
0.14407944679260254,
-0.5347571969032288,
-0.478038489818573,
0.502862811088562,
0.3459120988845825,
-0.02180573344230652,
-0.3552173376083374,
0.49442756175994873,
-0.05331599712371826,
-0.062008295208215714,
-0.35743629932403564,
-1.166386604309082,
-0.6324793100357056,
0.25284457206726074,
0.46000298857688904,
-1.3083763122558594,
-0.2906804084777832,
0.5710752010345459,
0.2668934464454651,
1.0195903778076172,
0.19548410177230835,
-0.11507797986268997,
0.016266584396362305,
0.09471264481544495,
-0.7182820439338684,
0.06360775232315063,
0.6225779056549072,
-0.1495969593524933,
0.5711049437522888,
0.19871099293231964,
-0.09344649314880371,
-0.3080352544784546,
-0.061536818742752075,
-0.2912173867225647,
-0.4313715398311615,
0.3670598864555359,
-0.2909747064113617,
-0.8491856455802917,
-0.6864578723907471,
0.6660065650939941,
-0.2891384959220886,
0.13272491097450256,
-0.554124116897583,
-0.3845480680465698,
-0.9316757917404175,
0.04528392106294632,
-0.7547696232795715,
0.7420058846473694,
-0.03870013356208801,
-0.5056217312812805,
-0.8163222074508667,
-0.24196398258209229,
0.3944006562232971,
-0.5353002548217773,
0.27055394649505615,
1.4934227466583252,
0.3222818374633789,
0.4007585048675537,
0.530816376209259,
0.14068692922592163,
-0.35351672768592834,
-0.11022567749023438,
-0.50441974401474,
0.020624428987503052,
0.3948577344417572,
-0.27893000841140747,
1.6459667682647705,
-0.39127087593078613,
-0.7828275561332703,
0.06720352172851562,
0.042059510946273804,
1.1043522357940674,
-0.8676955103874207,
0.007329493761062622,
0.2246505171060562,
0.12196999788284302,
0.39107927680015564,
0.36158478260040283,
0.25666356086730957,
-0.3774024546146393,
1.1265255212783813,
-0.05251350998878479,
-0.6009063720703125,
-0.6484687328338623,
0.19999003410339355,
-0.1515474170446396,
-0.3366955518722534,
-0.6012676954269409,
0.4140399098396301,
-1.1478745937347412,
0.9975751638412476,
-0.3604123294353485,
-0.8195976614952087,
1.1080924272537231,
-0.06205907464027405,
-0.13270463049411774,
-0.7316505908966064,
-0.8095309734344482,
-0.37052613496780396,
0.6675827503204346,
-0.5076388120651245,
-0.35616758465766907,
0.5235748291015625,
0.550033450126648,
-0.3995475172996521,
-0.2606983780860901,
1.0019824504852295,
0.036715731024742126,
-0.5329995155334473,
0.1434420645236969,
-0.9112199544906616,
1.0687744617462158,
0.49459928274154663,
1.4586609601974487,
0.607150673866272,
-0.5292818546295166,
-0.34655359387397766,
-0.14035628736019135,
-0.06906493008136749,
0.45964670181274414,
-0.9519450664520264,
-0.4195375144481659,
-0.047659069299697876,
0.5173172950744629,
0.091059610247612,
-0.37013643980026245,
-0.704343855381012,
0.9788957834243774,
-0.10163433849811554,
-0.0656602680683136,
0.8831101655960083,
1.4919066429138184,
-0.503031849861145,
1.4887038469314575,
0.30632680654525757,
0.16196739673614502,
0.2549145221710205,
0.0233553946018219,
-0.08980141580104828,
-0.7764124274253845,
-0.5558627843856812,
-0.5151134133338928,
1.3405152559280396,
-0.8396653532981873,
0.3897181749343872,
0.42916756868362427,
-0.6242548227310181,
-0.32733577489852905,
0.02255874127149582,
-0.5539489388465881,
0.13706117868423462,
-0.3059844970703125,
0.8376952409744263,
-0.7885845899581909,
-0.223972886800766,
0.47838151454925537,
0.3215491771697998,
0.6819931268692017,
0.7067117691040039,
-0.21326112747192383,
-0.7597835063934326,
-0.5633305311203003,
1.5926488637924194,
0.058538734912872314,
0.2829102873802185,
1.425189733505249,
-0.09840211272239685,
0.36337462067604065,
-0.20876124501228333,
-0.13400962948799133,
1.5634738206863403,
-0.20558571815490723,
0.049469828605651855,
0.3978230655193329,
0.39341485500335693,
0.12897363305091858,
-0.3105758726596832,
-0.6423923969268799,
-0.2524409890174866,
-0.5446012616157532,
-0.07461510598659515,
0.4743278920650482,
-0.059373363852500916,
-0.031607598066329956,
-0.2971404492855072,
0.45454472303390503,
1.731459379196167,
-0.4488016366958618,
-0.4966679811477661,
-0.6003817915916443,
0.5360153913497925,
0.4523455500602722,
-0.08114798367023468,
0.506920576095581,
-0.058082446455955505,
0.3000563681125641,
0.434558629989624,
0.7078119516372681,
0.3568320870399475,
-0.8173635005950928,
-0.732698380947113,
-0.1377127319574356,
1.1990989446640015,
-0.521689236164093,
0.12557683885097504,
-0.4571855664253235,
0.8504319190979004,
0.36199167370796204,
-0.183584526181221,
0.00841202586889267,
0.5713149309158325,
0.39598655700683594,
-0.26831308007240295,
0.20724159479141235,
-0.17985565960407257,
-0.2212449461221695,
0.2653409242630005,
-0.1223229169845581,
0.2645542323589325,
0.5800819396972656,
-0.3485538363456726,
0.9834345579147339,
0.12055991590023041
] |
|
what would happen at z=137 theoretically? | at this density, the electrons should be inside the nucleus, does this imply a maximum z? | went over this [yesterday](_url_0_). _nothing_ special is thought to happen at z=137. electrons are in and around the nucleus all the time, and the bohr radius of a single-electron atom with that z would still only be 0.5/137 å ≈ 0.3 pm, which is about 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than the nucleus. at high z, qed effects on the electron motion become more significant, but this is not a sharp cutoff at any particular value. pekka pyykkö, who i'd wager knows more on the theory of electron structure in heavy elements than any other living person, did calculations up to z=172 though, without taking qed effects into account. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1nc0fg/im_confused_do_electrons_orbit_the_nucleus_or_not/"
] | [
-1.873788833618164,
1.851609468460083,
0.17816473543643951,
1.4616128206253052,
-1.6784709692001343,
-1.5909614562988281,
-0.0036080963909626007,
1.5339614152908325,
1.1871601343154907,
-1.0526334047317505,
1.4691981077194214,
-0.5806484222412109,
-0.39569151401519775,
-0.5119380354881287,
-0.09406942129135132,
-0.5366235971450806,
-0.9290016293525696,
-1.3688548803329468,
-3.257009744644165,
0.8376756906509399,
-0.831754744052887,
-1.1494756937026978,
1.2056491374969482,
-1.3216478824615479,
1.0997636318206787,
0.7117620706558228,
0.4775327444076538,
0.7476586103439331,
0.7251840233802795,
0.11934012174606323,
0.03339262306690216,
2.3076677322387695,
0.5490055084228516,
-0.16331146657466888,
-0.23059527575969696,
0.39463987946510315,
0.7899694442749023,
-0.6565878987312317,
0.06484219431877136,
-0.040853261947631836,
-0.24458324909210205,
1.2738277912139893,
1.2823524475097656,
0.4928903579711914,
0.4162696599960327,
-0.16950225830078125,
0.8812882900238037,
0.101094551384449,
-1.4293334484100342,
-0.06235545873641968,
-1.1383939981460571,
0.6889510154724121,
0.28126955032348633,
-0.06647058576345444,
-1.4250829219818115,
0.06405508518218994,
1.8394114971160889,
-0.9788234233856201,
0.04022623971104622,
-0.32896101474761963,
-1.1145013570785522,
-0.5424562096595764,
-0.3273715674877167,
0.6003942489624023,
1.8810997009277344,
0.2948298454284668,
0.128548264503479,
-1.4088472127914429,
-0.839713990688324,
1.9903528690338135,
0.5264047980308533,
0.5170797109603882,
-0.7576672434806824,
-0.33772069215774536,
0.9550698399543762,
-0.5384006500244141,
0.23133517801761627,
0.42124271392822266,
-0.1448201835155487,
-0.2141195833683014,
-0.5299983620643616,
-1.720233678817749,
-0.29710811376571655,
-0.31675249338150024,
-0.8461358547210693,
1.259279727935791,
-0.019681712612509727,
0.5764821171760559,
0.9757192134857178,
-0.4448276460170746,
-0.10318827629089355,
0.6496350765228271,
-0.8694002628326416,
0.6518577337265015,
-0.474421888589859,
1.957000494003296,
1.4104340076446533,
-0.15674707293510437,
0.5529946684837341,
-0.30555787682533264,
0.5757896900177002,
1.4723305702209473,
-1.511115550994873,
0.9184108376502991,
-0.8076725006103516,
0.27647605538368225,
0.34437423944473267,
0.8646554946899414,
-0.4351264238357544,
0.9744641780853271,
0.2469496726989746,
-1.819298505783081,
1.290019154548645,
-0.7341209650039673,
1.9321306943893433,
-1.6837096214294434,
2.1127076148986816,
1.033964991569519,
-2.019343852996826,
-1.2094130516052246,
-0.8284559845924377,
-0.13871294260025024,
-0.751650333404541,
-0.9152487516403198,
-0.4818819761276245,
0.5804093480110168,
0.7291698455810547,
0.8910291194915771,
0.47980937361717224,
0.12364514172077179,
1.6593934297561646,
-1.0200023651123047,
-0.9643957614898682,
0.3080422580242157,
-0.6251002550125122,
0.6410540342330933,
1.278597354888916,
0.24843932688236237,
-0.5618075132369995,
0.6907316446304321,
1.0861363410949707,
-1.3987185955047607,
0.3271942436695099,
-0.44390928745269775,
0.2683641016483307,
-0.015120379626750946,
0.1162843257188797,
1.2023898363113403,
0.9269661903381348,
-1.1715062856674194,
-0.9719991683959961,
0.13361115753650665,
0.4706641733646393,
0.4376389980316162,
0.9847859740257263,
0.9444805383682251,
-1.363119125366211,
-0.02900099754333496,
-0.305878609418869,
0.653928279876709,
-0.7878700494766235,
-0.027896806597709656,
0.3134359121322632,
1.0190837383270264,
-0.2759188115596771,
1.3633170127868652,
0.8519787788391113,
-1.4750175476074219,
0.6020877957344055,
-0.2883830666542053,
-1.0640666484832764,
-0.38179320096969604,
-0.16367913782596588,
-0.29901522397994995,
0.46456021070480347,
-0.960660457611084,
-1.2189719676971436,
0.39420005679130554,
-0.60338294506073,
1.7684693336486816,
0.2540470361709595,
0.9035018682479858,
2.109739303588867,
0.7484771013259888,
0.5641562938690186,
0.4205235242843628,
0.6456756591796875,
0.9509174227714539,
-0.45092183351516724,
0.3504362404346466,
0.13563622534275055,
0.9022475481033325,
0.48593634366989136,
-0.6839596033096313,
-0.806395411491394,
-2.101240396499634,
-1.7086530923843384,
-0.5783775448799133,
-0.25084906816482544,
-0.3706835210323334,
1.133849024772644,
-0.16349650919437408,
1.1460421085357666,
-0.5261234641075134,
-0.13472670316696167,
-1.859575629234314,
0.31796565651893616,
0.8308072686195374,
-0.5894517302513123,
0.15788966417312622,
-0.7914941906929016,
-2.8543128967285156,
0.8033062219619751,
-0.9756028652191162,
-0.6678977608680725,
0.7739763855934143,
-0.21178694069385529,
-2.2537484169006348,
0.5165150165557861,
-0.8323619961738586,
0.3688853085041046,
-0.8412609100341797,
-1.4134511947631836,
-0.9679862260818481,
-0.6006096005439758,
0.16529975831508636,
-0.9191814064979553,
-0.34276333451271057,
0.4749806225299835,
0.2313232570886612,
-0.7132750749588013,
0.8822398781776428,
2.364154815673828,
0.4298149049282074,
1.254651427268982,
0.746529757976532,
-1.0078097581863403,
-0.16194681823253632,
1.2924305200576782,
-0.018321961164474487,
-0.4496402144432068,
-1.0861965417861938,
0.4917565584182739,
-0.9429073333740234,
0.9249905347824097,
-1.2993817329406738,
0.060288865119218826,
-0.4377739131450653,
0.4286454916000366,
1.33963942527771,
-0.015358969569206238,
-0.30239570140838623,
1.084329605102539,
0.5909039378166199,
0.7722712159156799,
-0.5305606722831726,
0.5713244676589966,
0.4539868235588074,
0.9724375605583191,
-0.769346296787262,
0.9366868734359741,
-0.0957023948431015,
-0.09552924335002899,
-2.7001729011535645,
-1.0189168453216553,
0.920494794845581,
0.7844923734664917,
0.3425109386444092,
-0.10516859591007233,
-0.0738673284649849,
0.2822667360305786,
0.711277425289154,
-0.7079067230224609,
-0.41874516010284424,
0.5691472291946411,
-0.6932095885276794,
0.6379917860031128,
-0.04046323895454407,
-0.9451339244842529,
0.06411243975162506,
-0.020913928747177124,
-1.2413008213043213,
0.5195420980453491,
-1.3795732259750366,
0.28075912594795227,
-1.5170364379882812,
0.37596818804740906,
0.24268001317977905,
-0.9962180256843567,
-1.0072230100631714,
-0.6638417840003967,
2.696962356567383,
0.47091659903526306,
-0.12450813502073288,
0.37738293409347534,
1.2779037952423096,
-0.05570763349533081,
-0.3231354057788849,
-0.6762381792068481,
-0.984215497970581,
1.0319156646728516,
-0.9819314479827881,
-1.594045877456665,
0.2791159152984619,
-0.4931052327156067,
1.7704271078109741,
0.4059318006038666,
-0.04111148416996002,
0.34983474016189575,
-1.7477054595947266,
-1.5616519451141357,
-0.7914596796035767,
0.6801477670669556,
0.6316235661506653,
-1.813711404800415,
0.6552501916885376,
0.7940770983695984,
0.9078893661499023,
1.102934718132019,
0.16655880212783813,
-0.12294788658618927,
-0.7771679162979126,
0.3926626443862915,
-1.02880859375,
2.4293386936187744,
-0.3366662859916687,
-0.6428861021995544,
-1.5788817405700684,
-0.010567545890808105,
1.1356569528579712,
0.6092566251754761,
0.7893434166908264,
1.1140564680099487,
0.015942245721817017,
1.676843285560608,
0.4726991057395935,
0.3707709312438965,
-2.526115655899048,
-1.1083598136901855,
1.857096552848816,
0.361763060092926,
1.0067278146743774,
0.8226576447486877,
0.016487479209899902,
-0.18543922901153564,
1.043858528137207,
-1.6397771835327148,
-0.13907933235168457,
-2.248344898223877,
-0.4268612563610077,
-1.167009711265564,
0.5191813707351685,
1.9094278812408447,
0.863318920135498,
0.6239583492279053,
-1.7313814163208008,
-0.14618639647960663,
0.6254941821098328,
-1.0848761796951294,
0.5147090554237366,
-1.5117735862731934,
-0.09982867538928986,
0.2445908635854721,
2.466116428375244,
-0.34271255135536194,
0.5981385707855225,
-1.4433377981185913,
-0.7902189493179321,
-0.5675762295722961,
-0.4382891058921814,
-1.2653837203979492,
1.7748491764068604,
0.13334453105926514,
-2.185436725616455,
-0.009890452027320862,
-0.5756968855857849,
-1.4393799304962158,
0.6712940335273743,
-1.2730820178985596,
0.38024693727493286,
1.4158543348312378,
0.09441278129816055,
-0.18178093433380127,
0.2365034520626068
] |
what makes spring springy? | well what does make spring come back to their original form and why if you extend too much it'll lose some 'springiness'? | steel has polycrystalline structure. it's made from little crystals or grains. atoms or molecules prefer to stay in a regular lattice. if you deform the crystal just a little it will return to its original form. if you deform it too much they will start to slide along some preferential planes and lock permanently into new positions when released. this is the simplest possible description. sliding is a dominant mechanism, but in general there are many different types of dislocations that move in different ways and interact with each other. boundaries between crystals play another important role, they impede dislocation movement. you can greatly improve the strength by reducing average size of the crystals. see [hall–petch strengthening](_url_0_). contrary to intuition creating a material with the right impurities which create dislocations which prevent each other from moving is the best strategy to make high strength material. and that's what you want because then will your material more or less obey the [hook's law](_url_1_) (be springy) for wide range of forces. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_boundary_strengthening",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s_law",
"http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_44.html",
"https://youtu.be/OW6aEmOsXv0"
] | [
-2.699859380722046,
1.6814649105072021,
0.9145887494087219,
-1.57301926612854,
-3.6144163608551025,
-1.7303664684295654,
2.418377637863159,
-0.031024694442749023,
-0.23251572251319885,
0.36670446395874023,
0.26920315623283386,
3.12355637550354,
0.02449161559343338,
1.2568964958190918,
1.9564480781555176,
0.9659370183944702,
-1.9361106157302856,
1.478480339050293,
-3.9610114097595215,
1.874272108078003,
3.137962579727173,
-1.4254552125930786,
-2.1772515773773193,
-0.040400609374046326,
-2.434140920639038,
1.9670891761779785,
0.052265286445617676,
0.9753215909004211,
1.7491211891174316,
-1.7284327745437622,
-1.505398154258728,
1.5910735130310059,
-2.2005159854888916,
0.5097129344940186,
0.0731244906783104,
0.8754942417144775,
-2.0258045196533203,
0.017896950244903564,
-0.36131876707077026,
0.09934091567993164,
-2.0036377906799316,
0.7582424283027649,
-0.16199885308742523,
0.634243905544281,
1.7283989191055298,
0.7495918273925781,
2.5139596462249756,
0.41145560145378113,
0.3314239978790283,
-1.430515170097351,
0.4209553003311157,
2.128472089767456,
0.22263559699058533,
0.6206901669502258,
0.006864592432975769,
0.3274427652359009,
1.0868467092514038,
-1.113727331161499,
-1.1053638458251953,
-2.2259719371795654,
2.3568856716156006,
0.5185221433639526,
-0.8842546939849854,
0.6097192764282227,
1.2227776050567627,
2.297994613647461,
1.7553588151931763,
-0.46155157685279846,
-2.186736822128296,
3.6230201721191406,
1.6727708578109741,
0.023689227178692818,
-2.241943836212158,
0.5822862982749939,
3.4386563301086426,
-0.36141178011894226,
-0.9817780256271362,
0.5529415011405945,
-0.9891674518585205,
1.7448763847351074,
-0.912605345249176,
-0.6442998051643372,
-1.2929787635803223,
0.7500542998313904,
-1.5239201784133911,
2.0258984565734863,
0.9558523893356323,
0.16624999046325684,
0.2825191915035248,
-0.18633513152599335,
-0.6051319241523743,
1.1094434261322021,
-1.9227293729782104,
2.703674554824829,
0.7653689384460449,
1.5259037017822266,
-0.18924376368522644,
-2.023308038711548,
-0.7587019205093384,
0.028342708945274353,
-0.2387382686138153,
1.2539846897125244,
-3.5944762229919434,
0.47218480706214905,
-0.9407395720481873,
-1.1255080699920654,
1.0443657636642456,
1.3782315254211426,
-0.188846617937088,
1.216792106628418,
-0.10367611795663834,
-0.7413843870162964,
0.4659388065338135,
0.42010873556137085,
-2.5827949047088623,
-0.12901848554611206,
0.37682676315307617,
1.187420129776001,
-0.9908966422080994,
-2.793123245239258,
1.5045007467269897,
-1.3962990045547485,
-1.5393835306167603,
0.9842477440834045,
0.3293397128582001,
-2.01183819770813,
-3.1064453125,
0.34049659967422485,
-0.5136575698852539,
0.31441327929496765,
0.2928452491760254,
-1.1363133192062378,
0.8528265953063965,
-0.37416988611221313,
1.612988829612732,
0.6085809469223022,
-0.031579822301864624,
0.10691696405410767,
-1.1815645694732666,
1.3672512769699097,
-0.4533577859401703,
0.15689226984977722,
0.981610894203186,
-1.86833655834198,
2.1600146293640137,
0.6931507587432861,
-2.640160322189331,
-1.45440673828125,
-0.5733051896095276,
1.3509684801101685,
-1.0054309368133545,
-0.7172404527664185,
-0.28137102723121643,
-0.3673449158668518,
-1.0803178548812866,
-0.11502571403980255,
-0.369379460811615,
0.2957252860069275,
-0.6134076118469238,
1.40212082862854,
-2.2074167728424072,
1.6084882020950317,
1.381644368171692,
1.4896806478500366,
0.47890201210975647,
0.2295953631401062,
1.0702141523361206,
-2.101970911026001,
-1.4497953653335571,
-1.5831451416015625,
1.1463152170181274,
0.4149276316165924,
1.4590507745742798,
-1.915265440940857,
-0.1890595257282257,
0.2500952482223511,
-4.53516960144043,
-1.6892311573028564,
0.6590882539749146,
3.067563056945801,
1.2416212558746338,
-0.0049655139446258545,
2.033613920211792,
-0.6067502498626709,
-0.39936286211013794,
0.5534214973449707,
-0.9053136110305786,
1.4785783290863037,
-0.14629928767681122,
0.4063724875450134,
0.2669036388397217,
0.8961983919143677,
-1.2281990051269531,
-0.036333322525024414,
-1.0124499797821045,
-0.8432188630104065,
-0.060040175914764404,
-0.20728011429309845,
-2.340996503829956,
1.7229230403900146,
-0.6832168102264404,
1.408381700515747,
-1.4603196382522583,
-1.8464363813400269,
-1.1455268859863281,
0.4128674566745758,
2.3739187717437744,
-1.8100382089614868,
-2.7638111114501953,
1.2556289434432983,
-1.1200419664382935,
-1.8519948720932007,
-2.4601709842681885,
-1.5194282531738281,
1.0236659049987793,
-1.7337981462478638,
0.8858563899993896,
-0.7416119575500488,
-2.9451518058776855,
-1.6650501489639282,
1.0095430612564087,
-1.1810086965560913,
1.1639018058776855,
-1.8691688776016235,
0.5588743090629578,
-0.8181663155555725,
0.22684335708618164,
1.924983263015747,
-1.094379186630249,
-0.004697248339653015,
0.13894370198249817,
0.4038850665092468,
0.9818148612976074,
1.7230796813964844,
0.44483113288879395,
0.9614176154136658,
0.1108713448047638,
-0.7267119884490967,
-0.8291874527931213,
-1.4391236305236816,
-0.6252949237823486,
-1.847280740737915,
0.8361793756484985,
-0.7492720484733582,
1.1342763900756836,
1.4906611442565918,
-0.6192673444747925,
0.486348420381546,
0.9240772724151611,
-0.07068115472793579,
-1.1481688022613525,
0.18237096071243286,
0.5500608682632446,
2.337716579437256,
-0.7134868502616882,
0.1827085018157959,
0.5576527714729309,
-1.227855920791626,
-1.9019309282302856,
-1.3487751483917236,
-0.7602083683013916,
0.4837895631790161,
0.04780051112174988,
-1.6654714345932007,
0.5538245439529419,
1.2276561260223389,
2.0039968490600586,
1.7507686614990234,
-1.4622399806976318,
-2.625760078430176,
1.6291801929473877,
-0.14639128744602203,
2.2458596229553223,
-0.45627540349960327,
3.4655685424804688,
-1.0309524536132812,
1.6849923133850098,
-3.141712188720703,
-0.433525413274765,
0.5273879170417786,
-2.6881868839263916,
-3.2726569175720215,
-0.3310927152633667,
1.6387633085250854,
0.9202933311462402,
0.6834273338317871,
1.0433450937271118,
-0.556435763835907,
0.6034767627716064,
-1.4280530214309692,
-1.864020824432373,
0.34038442373275757,
-0.4017714262008667,
0.27733340859413147,
1.4267239570617676,
1.769504189491272,
1.2039963006973267,
-0.02910962700843811,
1.7871990203857422,
-1.791939616203308,
0.5817281603813171,
0.131778746843338,
-3.2609148025512695,
0.0762743353843689,
-0.26305240392684937,
1.5816905498504639,
-0.3386918902397156,
1.1192160844802856,
-0.04238921403884888,
-0.697790265083313,
-0.1757349967956543,
0.3662185072898865,
0.08733153343200684,
-1.3255729675292969,
-0.7246143221855164,
0.46643030643463135,
1.5790817737579346,
1.5510525703430176,
0.4926258325576782,
1.2229493856430054,
-0.7461282014846802,
0.6661085486412048,
1.7781262397766113,
-1.3689321279525757,
-1.0206573009490967,
2.7390050888061523,
0.7495734095573425,
-0.654640793800354,
0.4077364504337311,
-2.219053268432617,
-0.41538769006729126,
0.5151230096817017,
0.7774678468704224,
-0.4771222770214081,
-0.2679908275604248,
0.9319890141487122,
-1.335415005683899,
-0.9458214044570923,
-1.6570029258728027,
-0.0679401159286499,
-0.7287156581878662,
-2.0061686038970947,
0.7111103534698486,
0.7315810322761536,
-0.32569605112075806,
-0.9442449808120728,
-0.27223896980285645,
-0.22200530767440796,
-2.006153106689453,
1.83610200881958,
1.1619590520858765,
-0.6211777329444885,
4.464861869812012,
3.051581382751465,
1.6036372184753418,
-0.25608283281326294,
-0.8808073997497559,
0.6237386465072632,
-0.8076530694961548,
0.5138216018676758,
-0.7785862684249878,
-1.3247977495193481,
-1.4533803462982178,
3.0846638679504395,
-1.9967001676559448,
1.089508056640625,
0.4811328947544098,
0.1847599446773529,
-0.8803609609603882,
2.431474208831787,
2.354085683822632,
2.2537384033203125,
0.6132121682167053,
-1.120059847831726,
0.4740663170814514,
1.4755141735076904,
0.8813319206237793,
1.4083993434906006,
-0.4609127938747406,
1.55872642993927,
-0.6466600894927979,
0.36758556962013245,
3.0249953269958496,
0.949611246585846
] |
how do low-pass filters work? | how do low-pass filters, or high-pass filters for that matter, work? how can they strip unwanted noise from a signal and get the information they want, based off the frequency of a signal? | resistors respond directly to voltage and current. apply voltage, get current, very straightforward. capacitors and inductors respond to *changes* in voltage and current. current only flows through a capacitor when the voltage across it is changing, and inductors only hold a voltage when the current through them is changing. the formal mathematical relations are: i = c(dv/dt) v = l(di/dt) so, if you have an ac voltage source that's at frequency w applied to a capacitor, the current is: i(t) = c(d/dt)sin(wt) i(t) = wccos(wt) the w popped out: hence, there will be more current through my circuit the higher the frequency is. the same applies to inductors, only for voltage instead of current. so, if you have an rlc circuit, different parts of the circuit will respond differently to different frequencies. so, if i want a high-pass filter, i can have a capacitor "suck up" the lower-frequency voltages out of my signal, and then attach my load (maybe a speaker or something) to a resistor, which will "suck up" the high-frequency stuff. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filter"
] | [
-4.554429054260254,
0.761664867401123,
-1.1376142501831055,
-0.3836568295955658,
-1.530480980873108,
-1.4839667081832886,
1.4748096466064453,
1.0016064643859863,
0.7113185524940491,
0.3228827118873596,
0.9322254657745361,
0.3905079960823059,
-0.4496488571166992,
0.046588242053985596,
0.28752490878105164,
0.4016927480697632,
0.21815288066864014,
2.9910836219787598,
-0.5630831122398376,
-0.6097128391265869,
1.1085916757583618,
0.5910711884498596,
-2.468618631362915,
0.5974127054214478,
-2.2148399353027344,
0.5159244537353516,
1.5834853649139404,
0.5684864521026611,
-0.7509859800338745,
-0.6233341693878174,
-1.1428110599517822,
1.2982053756713867,
-0.044084519147872925,
-0.6478742957115173,
-2.8952343463897705,
-0.43483924865722656,
1.8207205533981323,
-2.2328996658325195,
-0.004119575023651123,
-1.1134084463119507,
-0.05290903151035309,
-0.1850351095199585,
0.7563652992248535,
1.555443525314331,
-0.9627164006233215,
3.3795714378356934,
1.205847144126892,
0.7770124673843384,
-1.0302478075027466,
-3.4009995460510254,
1.3813129663467407,
2.1626689434051514,
1.4460968971252441,
0.9754588603973389,
-1.1649707555770874,
0.6314294338226318,
1.0330194234848022,
0.003978222608566284,
0.03299880772829056,
0.5564838647842407,
-0.8445178270339966,
-1.23704195022583,
-0.3142353594303131,
-0.03421837091445923,
-0.5395916104316711,
0.09133685380220413,
1.8013118505477905,
1.4884002208709717,
-0.32753756642341614,
0.39644384384155273,
-2.334300994873047,
-0.18539853394031525,
-1.0055310726165771,
-0.3717896640300751,
4.06356143951416,
-0.6130107045173645,
-2.799567222595215,
-0.02954849600791931,
0.8753867149353027,
0.0234106183052063,
0.24242240190505981,
-2.785881519317627,
-2.412781000137329,
-2.046764850616455,
1.8121304512023926,
1.0582741498947144,
0.09635317325592041,
-0.759619951248169,
-1.7782714366912842,
0.2331468164920807,
-0.2488688826560974,
-0.42215731739997864,
-2.6112005710601807,
0.4791051149368286,
-0.8441143035888672,
0.9895771741867065,
2.2379274368286133,
-1.104602336883545,
-0.1545681357383728,
1.399050235748291,
0.6436086893081665,
0.6481162309646606,
-5.312089443206787,
1.2503938674926758,
-0.15443846583366394,
-2.085462808609009,
0.9107921123504639,
2.711089611053467,
-0.9879486560821533,
-0.7362614274024963,
1.3902857303619385,
-0.9910762310028076,
-1.4182816743850708,
-2.919466257095337,
3.5012097358703613,
0.9340400695800781,
-0.7865450382232666,
0.46403205394744873,
-0.4532245397567749,
-1.8473988771438599,
-1.9016116857528687,
-2.6140291690826416,
-3.262972831726074,
-0.2140926718711853,
1.1292120218276978,
-0.5855255722999573,
1.1955676078796387,
0.8651145696640015,
-0.9203457236289978,
1.078324794769287,
-0.3641068935394287,
0.4553433656692505,
-0.20024648308753967,
1.4254552125930786,
0.6768355369567871,
3.793055772781372,
5.558138847351074,
0.948667585849762,
-0.9844263195991516,
2.578413963317871,
0.3962647318840027,
2.760201930999756,
0.7034355998039246,
-2.6013855934143066,
-2.209415912628174,
-0.5599477887153625,
-1.2735202312469482,
-1.8037514686584473,
1.7693071365356445,
1.2199534177780151,
1.1397216320037842,
-0.7759689688682556,
1.4146835803985596,
-0.18080654740333557,
-1.0362114906311035,
-0.8686977624893188,
0.3352356255054474,
0.4368475079536438,
2.2179455757141113,
0.638604462146759,
-1.0842790603637695,
2.9658944606781006,
0.7765602469444275,
1.9436979293823242,
-0.4052763879299164,
2.0540332794189453,
0.17130349576473236,
-0.8349368572235107,
-0.4866251051425934,
0.6554579734802246,
-1.2530380487442017,
0.11556889116764069,
1.4266245365142822,
-2.970024347305298,
-1.1157023906707764,
-0.2971198558807373,
0.24634963274002075,
1.8263553380966187,
0.19562549889087677,
0.0647478774189949,
-2.3981165885925293,
2.7902989387512207,
4.073403358459473,
-0.2013208270072937,
-0.7753109931945801,
2.4800546169281006,
2.679682493209839,
1.6678330898284912,
-2.2113301753997803,
1.4831485748291016,
-0.12975145876407623,
0.27012890577316284,
0.5680930018424988,
2.5792393684387207,
-0.1894613355398178,
-3.53424072265625,
-2.0006232261657715,
0.09987594932317734,
2.0215184688568115,
-2.009540319442749,
-2.5468668937683105,
0.09746986627578735,
0.26812392473220825,
1.948576807975769,
0.4290796220302582,
0.2973606586456299,
0.3973739445209503,
-2.589425802230835,
-2.491633176803589,
-0.4306892156600952,
0.17368638515472412,
-1.0016260147094727,
1.076076865196228,
-0.8952609300613403,
0.03821942210197449,
-0.4432964622974396,
-1.4844231605529785,
-0.30058562755584717,
0.25220417976379395,
1.057672142982483,
2.0283243656158447,
-0.5634208917617798,
2.9760560989379883,
-2.7090721130371094,
0.2762749195098877,
1.7790987491607666,
-0.006100118160247803,
1.5215864181518555,
-1.4389479160308838,
1.14422607421875,
1.4564322233200073,
-0.4487331509590149,
-0.32887446880340576,
0.28395089507102966,
0.8293031454086304,
-1.806797981262207,
-4.34727144241333,
1.978721261024475,
0.21943829953670502,
-1.7538673877716064,
-0.04365583509206772,
-2.628441095352173,
-1.5048284530639648,
0.08844863623380661,
0.11633241176605225,
1.8353054523468018,
0.301264226436615,
-0.6165723204612732,
2.5714759826660156,
1.453827977180481,
-1.4542534351348877,
2.9480130672454834,
1.0503466129302979,
2.3777613639831543,
-0.3542155921459198,
1.7057889699935913,
2.578425884246826,
0.18496239185333252,
-1.05037522315979,
-3.00776743888855,
2.0156044960021973,
5.523784160614014,
1.5480802059173584,
-2.125814199447632,
0.7543268799781799,
3.2155518531799316,
3.2827210426330566,
0.5949786305427551,
-3.6140623092651367,
-0.5353491902351379,
-1.3076759576797485,
-1.0631192922592163,
-0.284165620803833,
1.7471001148223877,
1.823214054107666,
-4.718090534210205,
-0.4594683051109314,
-1.427163004875183,
-2.314178943634033,
1.8173234462738037,
-1.0268409252166748,
0.7790724635124207,
1.4295880794525146,
0.6677443385124207,
1.0743458271026611,
-1.382399320602417,
-0.04573868215084076,
-4.934523582458496,
1.1045923233032227,
-0.8513146638870239,
2.6403982639312744,
0.6241887807846069,
2.9654226303100586,
-1.1748907566070557,
2.1024012565612793,
2.203686237335205,
1.9941717386245728,
-2.980478525161743,
-1.1076892614364624,
-3.8635621070861816,
0.10360048711299896,
-0.5726428627967834,
-1.6047401428222656,
-1.1605556011199951,
0.5432727336883545,
1.5424357652664185,
0.29257071018218994,
0.8436871767044067,
-0.8168882131576538,
-3.3109681606292725,
0.6124404668807983,
-0.8671778440475464,
1.6737327575683594,
-1.664297342300415,
-1.9034894704818726,
4.303464412689209,
-0.35908442735671997,
1.0460624694824219,
-1.6515023708343506,
-0.5583059787750244,
-1.5415997505187988,
-0.23101049661636353,
-1.1532235145568848,
-1.6356110572814941,
1.5255213975906372,
1.5318756103515625,
-1.2997742891311646,
-2.521270275115967,
-0.5083822011947632,
-1.4949383735656738,
2.3753066062927246,
0.23396828770637512,
1.480142593383789,
-1.33262038230896,
3.25312876701355,
0.14526870846748352,
-1.6112241744995117,
-2.368302583694458,
-0.4904618263244629,
-0.2803472578525543,
-2.462852954864502,
1.0424270629882812,
0.5192277431488037,
1.150498867034912,
2.4953978061676025,
-0.05180513858795166,
-1.4477654695510864,
1.6174806356430054,
-0.6081892251968384,
-2.1262145042419434,
-1.9079583883285522,
1.7635583877563477,
2.989064931869507,
1.9146428108215332,
1.6009999513626099,
-0.7771152257919312,
-0.9655629992485046,
0.5339743494987488,
1.2805083990097046,
0.7052709460258484,
-2.7172060012817383,
-1.991511344909668,
-2.871570587158203,
2.588430643081665,
-1.2173024415969849,
-0.6784325838088989,
0.38339030742645264,
0.2847707271575928,
-1.8832001686096191,
3.87892484664917,
-0.46052056550979614,
3.279369354248047,
0.9115757942199707,
-1.708121657371521,
-0.21298399567604065,
-1.1766979694366455,
-0.324962854385376,
-0.1290348917245865,
-2.910642385482788,
-0.06764229387044907,
-1.1818525791168213,
0.5265501737594604,
2.1303048133850098,
0.9879684448242188
] |
why do i get really cold when i play starcraft? | i can be quite warm and comfortable, but when i sit down to play starcraft, my hands get really cold and i shake and shiver. what could cause this? could it be aniticipation or nerves? or is something happening to actually make me cold? starcraft is a fast paced and tense game which requires fast and precise mouse movements. my friend who also plays gets the same symptoms. | zerg player here. my understanding was that the stress and adrenaline that comes with playing cause the blood vessels to constrict, making your hands cold. until you get a proper answer here, you may find the info you're looking for in this [thread on team liquid.] (_url_0_) day9 also talks about it in one of his dailies, but i'm not sure which one. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.teamliquid.net/forum/viewmessage.php?topic_id=276593",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine"
] | [
-1.2421612739562988,
0.1830955445766449,
0.32132717967033386,
-0.12046550959348679,
-0.47878897190093994,
-0.3288387060165405,
0.9077146649360657,
0.4565221071243286,
0.1221352145075798,
-0.12117624282836914,
0.0902809128165245,
-0.5408850312232971,
-0.5822845101356506,
0.3352692425251007,
0.46297478675842285,
-0.7997733354568481,
-0.1886139214038849,
-0.8061612844467163,
-0.8489454984664917,
0.3938021957874298,
0.19692765176296234,
0.6280236840248108,
-0.19404806196689606,
-0.679779052734375,
0.2705317735671997,
0.016426265239715576,
0.2510983347892761,
0.42635104060173035,
0.026261962950229645,
-0.20033720135688782,
-0.07846000790596008,
-0.12230901420116425,
-0.24029341340065002,
-0.40205156803131104,
0.11991608142852783,
0.43367600440979004,
-0.6319215893745422,
0.28610116243362427,
-0.5715293288230896,
0.43698427081108093,
0.7381402254104614,
-0.8941037654876709,
0.051043570041656494,
1.1372668743133545,
0.5753570795059204,
0.493554949760437,
-0.2618434429168701,
-0.5035860538482666,
0.007268264889717102,
0.793022871017456,
-0.6451391577720642,
-0.19264228641986847,
-0.04459016025066376,
0.35479551553726196,
0.03668491542339325,
-0.13109831511974335,
0.12054316699504852,
0.11755292117595673,
-0.5270204544067383,
-0.11869707703590393,
0.02417340874671936,
0.23156067728996277,
-0.7941001057624817,
1.0982069969177246,
0.4550187289714813,
-0.7972198724746704,
-0.01759544014930725,
0.3142486810684204,
-0.1611471325159073,
-0.49286943674087524,
0.28605788946151733,
0.36070701479911804,
-0.1979415863752365,
-0.22122368216514587,
-0.01968957483768463,
0.10673999786376953,
-0.9539437294006348,
-0.8454869985580444,
0.01613152027130127,
0.035305097699165344,
0.8160660266876221,
-0.1907445788383484,
-0.15663257241249084,
0.21164731681346893,
0.08783864974975586,
1.0700404644012451,
0.5220054388046265,
0.03608988970518112,
-0.4018067419528961,
-0.11327403783798218,
-0.5038434267044067,
0.1417931169271469,
0.3661572337150574,
0.14161552488803864,
0.07707315683364868,
0.9205001592636108,
-0.35164040327072144,
-0.005563467741012573,
-0.887714147567749,
-0.4897518754005432,
0.08184772729873657,
-0.01877593994140625,
-0.46010884642601013,
0.38403549790382385,
-0.054553598165512085,
-0.3920275866985321,
0.2844732999801636,
0.42217200994491577,
-0.06488603353500366,
-0.07754385471343994,
-0.3097130358219147,
0.4840950667858124,
-0.16997945308685303,
-0.21679945290088654,
0.04893830418586731,
0.8474349975585938,
-0.46914181113243103,
-0.08906201273202896,
-0.3919597864151001,
0.7350057363510132,
0.22471798956394196,
-0.3151797354221344,
-0.7678030729293823,
-0.41679564118385315,
0.5220140218734741,
0.19377639889717102,
0.2459893524646759,
0.8229539394378662,
0.272789865732193,
-0.31109294295310974,
0.13665594160556793,
0.023186028003692627,
0.6517333984375,
-0.10556568205356598,
-0.44756725430488586,
-0.31685787439346313,
-0.07349824905395508,
-0.28988271951675415,
-0.2703050971031189,
0.5640221238136292,
0.14336049556732178,
0.34657663106918335,
-0.6547122001647949,
-0.5463001728057861,
-0.18267473578453064,
0.4781087040901184,
-0.20872008800506592,
-0.6987987756729126,
-0.17242483794689178,
-0.5897217988967896,
-0.5845107436180115,
0.06498648971319199,
-0.3280283212661743,
1.061767816543579,
-1.2136989831924438,
-0.6816427707672119,
0.2335474193096161,
0.8775421977043152,
0.09900340437889099,
0.06722348928451538,
-0.7329137921333313,
0.25302842259407043,
0.1376745104789734,
1.7080187797546387,
0.7098444104194641,
-0.5273116827011108,
0.11292561888694763,
0.012751717120409012,
0.01394563913345337,
-0.2209431231021881,
-0.41713961958885193,
-0.2669026255607605,
-0.2770066559314728,
-0.7321776151657104,
-0.8921374082565308,
-0.38492676615715027,
-0.2585369348526001,
-0.013597577810287476,
0.6033863425254822,
0.6530506610870361,
0.8207935690879822,
0.339313805103302,
0.6657764911651611,
0.6018421649932861,
-0.353828102350235,
-0.07448101043701172,
-0.4241637587547302,
0.5592464208602905,
-0.12101985514163971,
0.07488468289375305,
-0.39610719680786133,
0.2315135896205902,
-0.267939954996109,
0.23782584071159363,
-0.3050956130027771,
-0.2228553742170334,
0.06411883234977722,
-0.28402358293533325,
-0.46906089782714844,
0.15647709369659424,
-0.4273829758167267,
0.03193178027868271,
0.01705537736415863,
-0.3053649365901947,
-0.12902675569057465,
0.14889970421791077,
-0.3636411428451538,
-0.5694018006324768,
-0.16312001645565033,
-0.16406860947608948,
-0.21522457897663116,
0.30723246932029724,
-0.2147074043750763,
0.021557927131652832,
0.47881799936294556,
-0.043604105710983276,
-0.8140705823898315,
0.2467922866344452,
0.4212549924850464,
-0.10409677028656006,
-0.3098708689212799,
-0.8355132341384888,
-0.06298428773880005,
-0.9123528003692627,
-0.3436732888221741,
-0.277578204870224,
-0.697754442691803,
0.6410585045814514,
0.29777956008911133,
0.6960151195526123,
0.6619594097137451,
0.8688770532608032,
0.7640430927276611,
0.20859740674495697,
-0.0023101866245269775,
0.919239342212677,
-0.7267674803733826,
0.08470290899276733,
0.1257106065750122,
0.15967419743537903,
-0.7318336367607117,
-0.07504643499851227,
-0.055811695754528046,
0.23084872961044312,
-0.03642535209655762,
0.11068826913833618,
-0.17867803573608398,
0.0617225281894207,
0.1604335457086563,
0.16755461692810059,
0.13221198320388794,
-0.4968551993370056,
-0.6009622812271118,
0.3667220175266266,
-0.1630580723285675,
0.6531323194503784,
-0.3404112160205841,
-0.30722618103027344,
-0.6421432495117188,
0.4297824203968048,
0.34685570001602173,
-0.17644214630126953,
-0.17432279884815216,
-1.2777378559112549,
1.1032886505126953,
-0.49050384759902954,
0.3299413323402405,
0.925428032875061,
-0.08670119941234589,
0.5715346336364746,
0.7033298015594482,
-1.5851714611053467,
0.2587646543979645,
0.4443405866622925,
0.9221458435058594,
-0.3642759919166565,
0.08811387419700623,
0.14658480882644653,
-0.17784984409809113,
0.4088658094406128,
0.26658961176872253,
-1.5856198072433472,
-0.36286458373069763,
0.033344730734825134,
0.033938825130462646,
-0.3118636906147003,
-0.5008107423782349,
-0.7761945724487305,
0.7511094808578491,
0.053563326597213745,
-0.6092243194580078,
0.8869636058807373,
0.6223937273025513,
-0.4334948658943176,
0.03382199630141258,
0.2096371054649353,
-0.12856733798980713,
-0.1670992374420166,
0.11991214752197266,
0.6283833980560303,
-0.9013190865516663,
0.16276539862155914,
-0.40212535858154297,
0.04522890970110893,
-0.9955762028694153,
-0.02669823169708252,
-0.5005468130111694,
0.42799055576324463,
0.6121340990066528,
-0.21264618635177612,
0.9141007661819458,
0.050469763576984406,
-0.3071069121360779,
0.13480223715305328,
0.07591724395751953,
0.39115089178085327,
-0.5386168956756592,
0.27219635248184204,
0.13474398851394653,
0.17028431594371796,
0.5069574117660522,
0.10016528517007828,
0.1352367103099823,
0.12787248194217682,
0.08418066799640656,
0.6991633772850037,
-0.030979633331298828,
-0.8599181175231934,
0.15936332941055298,
0.8081873059272766,
0.498823881149292,
0.5134447813034058,
0.4823979139328003,
-1.0802736282348633,
0.4584551453590393,
0.4871223568916321,
-1.0739933252334595,
0.054266393184661865,
-0.9893884062767029,
-0.7610929012298584,
-0.16582366824150085,
0.13248710334300995,
0.39308929443359375,
-0.06944558024406433,
-0.25860822200775146,
-0.20627839863300323,
0.4357171952724457,
0.554646372795105,
0.06296023726463318,
-0.19130055606365204,
-0.561296820640564,
1.2438528537750244,
0.00225694477558136,
-0.4054669737815857,
0.6449284553527832,
0.11060725152492523,
0.05093660205602646,
-0.08911842107772827,
0.7219233512878418,
-0.5953231453895569,
-0.46839651465415955,
-0.3373923897743225,
-0.147222101688385,
1.4027618169784546,
0.1619795858860016,
0.9149831533432007,
0.20646056532859802,
0.07629263401031494,
-0.20491835474967957,
-0.356508731842041,
0.008731558918952942,
0.5419789552688599,
0.7157814502716064,
0.4677520990371704,
0.2231118083000183,
0.14673903584480286,
-0.6991584300994873,
0.3943071663379669,
-0.24112796783447266,
-0.16261771321296692,
0.1300586760044098,
0.7784978747367859,
0.8770016431808472,
0.556395947933197
] |
why is there no left brachiocephalic artery? | what evolutionary advantage in humans does lacking a left brachiocephalic artery provide, even though are two brachiocephalic veins? | you might find this paper interesting: _url_0_ of note, * in 27% of patients, the left common carotid artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk * in 2.5% of patients, each of the 4 arteries originate independently from the arch of the aorta * in 1.2% there are right and left brachiocephalic trunks based on 1000 patients as to why, why anything. why do we have the nerves of our eyes running to a central point in front of the photoreceptors, rather than behind in squid? (actually, it's because there were 2 options and our evolutionary line chose the one that gives us a blind spot) at some point the choice was made, and when climbing mt improbable you can't go back, only up | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1757-1626-1-83.pdf"
] | [
0.2540806233882904,
0.016917981207370758,
-0.6746980547904968,
0.1319870948791504,
-1.274571180343628,
-1.892677903175354,
0.24577759206295013,
-0.15982110798358917,
1.7619810104370117,
-0.5933796763420105,
1.2515194416046143,
-0.34035149216651917,
-0.43390414118766785,
-0.21061979234218597,
-1.608311414718628,
-0.10912051796913147,
-0.9631223678588867,
-1.3496382236480713,
-0.8562204241752625,
1.1031848192214966,
-0.7586507201194763,
0.21912220120429993,
0.00012987852096557617,
0.09865894913673401,
-1.1306326389312744,
-0.1754288673400879,
0.18492984771728516,
-0.12363311648368835,
0.5482877492904663,
-0.28315773606300354,
0.6272305250167847,
0.004788488149642944,
0.3876771926879883,
-1.1643643379211426,
1.3223576545715332,
1.3068363666534424,
-1.2768088579177856,
-0.27894094586372375,
0.06176823377609253,
0.22021642327308655,
0.17432613670825958,
-0.5168482661247253,
0.4827992916107178,
1.199558973312378,
0.44682228565216064,
1.8617419004440308,
0.11545146256685257,
0.7880470752716064,
-0.17753866314888,
1.2933688163757324,
-0.31750717759132385,
-0.3085981607437134,
-1.295454978942871,
-0.6797429323196411,
-0.5376557111740112,
0.213288813829422,
-1.9612057209014893,
-0.2643277645111084,
0.03400863707065582,
-0.29961371421813965,
1.6979942321777344,
0.5693367719650269,
-0.35127103328704834,
0.5788692235946655,
1.145251989364624,
0.004793614149093628,
-0.19133493304252625,
-1.1746853590011597,
0.3724662959575653,
1.1186751127243042,
0.9924842119216919,
-0.011814974248409271,
-0.5835133194923401,
-0.835134744644165,
0.7433505058288574,
0.9371774792671204,
0.622877836227417,
-0.38618820905685425,
-0.7893734574317932,
-0.7577534914016724,
-0.2849408984184265,
-0.41354766488075256,
-0.2524813413619995,
-0.3164112865924835,
0.1493220180273056,
0.8298248052597046,
0.09319880604743958,
-0.11589288711547852,
-1.7671841382980347,
-0.7391955256462097,
0.8212786316871643,
-0.8550869226455688,
0.673620343208313,
0.5366955995559692,
-0.1995479166507721,
1.5442439317703247,
-0.40130317211151123,
0.48195311427116394,
-0.5102012753486633,
0.2695440351963043,
0.2516944706439972,
0.8416202068328857,
-1.3516945838928223,
0.9734129905700684,
0.2064603716135025,
0.10550686717033386,
0.25709816813468933,
-0.27185529470443726,
-0.6435703039169312,
0.8295241594314575,
-0.34944966435432434,
-1.37138032913208,
1.345445990562439,
1.292922019958496,
0.13137757778167725,
-1.9341222047805786,
-1.5505472421646118,
1.0097007751464844,
-0.5021604299545288,
-0.24301889538764954,
-0.06605714559555054,
-0.3198079466819763,
-0.960356593132019,
-1.4233787059783936,
1.1101117134094238,
-0.329825222492218,
0.025057479739189148,
0.9616568684577942,
0.9844807386398315,
-0.729651927947998,
1.2550299167633057,
-1.0942617654800415,
-0.8895089030265808,
-0.17783817648887634,
-1.1412057876586914,
0.2299908697605133,
0.3635789155960083,
0.16770680248737335,
-0.5713875889778137,
-1.2040791511535645,
1.140134572982788,
0.04190489649772644,
0.9949302673339844,
0.11677059531211853,
-0.24786648154258728,
1.3230642080307007,
-1.0297800302505493,
-0.7047407627105713,
-0.19677677750587463,
0.2931806743144989,
-1.066872000694275,
-2.402448892593384,
-0.2580763101577759,
1.2603070735931396,
-0.9667496085166931,
-0.9011408686637878,
-0.2106805443763733,
1.411501169204712,
-0.3662579357624054,
0.4275059103965759,
-0.9732975959777832,
0.026602506637573242,
-0.6576496362686157,
0.9312393665313721,
0.4735356271266937,
0.3845789432525635,
-0.268750935792923,
-1.0255627632141113,
0.2750560939311981,
0.7287421226501465,
-0.40694761276245117,
-0.538902223110199,
1.111517310142517,
-0.22307056188583374,
0.6909551620483398,
-0.2190394103527069,
-1.2383369207382202,
0.38731974363327026,
0.36242902278900146,
-0.08863584697246552,
-0.40172433853149414,
-0.10099214315414429,
1.174322247505188,
-0.8296484351158142,
-0.8089163899421692,
0.4853633642196655,
-0.07443070411682129,
0.7312633991241455,
0.23624910414218903,
0.8664254546165466,
1.5128371715545654,
-0.28143510222435,
-0.8991850018501282,
2.0413172245025635,
-0.719867467880249,
-0.30191096663475037,
0.554642915725708,
0.07802718877792358,
-0.33132749795913696,
0.3669060468673706,
-1.800765037536621,
-0.20418637990951538,
-0.5779377818107605,
-0.9848929643630981,
0.8181020021438599,
0.8619656562805176,
0.4885159134864807,
-0.5862356424331665,
-0.5989733338356018,
0.35337862372398376,
0.11478663980960846,
-0.38143491744995117,
0.7079801559448242,
0.0332375168800354,
1.7333064079284668,
-1.090052604675293,
-0.676447868347168,
0.622958242893219,
-0.47053083777427673,
0.16530917584896088,
-1.3649330139160156,
-0.6867703199386597,
-0.37307149171829224,
-1.9785877466201782,
-0.4967527985572815,
0.033666450530290604,
0.30802294611930847,
-1.0565298795700073,
-1.3606507778167725,
0.398309588432312,
1.4694229364395142,
0.5798118114471436,
-0.1427147537469864,
0.9075479507446289,
-0.21437281370162964,
0.6447011232376099,
1.9844837188720703,
-1.1412692070007324,
1.7238610982894897,
-0.877326488494873,
-0.2969217896461487,
-1.050349473953247,
-1.1431493759155273,
-0.3779892325401306,
-0.502753734588623,
-1.2143480777740479,
-0.013254150748252869,
0.5401023030281067,
0.9552313089370728,
1.5282762050628662,
-0.46367722749710083,
-0.4045121371746063,
-0.7753576040267944,
1.1368741989135742,
-0.6961847543716431,
-0.12379199266433716,
-1.182082176208496,
0.627204418182373,
-1.390639305114746,
-0.23690560460090637,
-0.22740840911865234,
0.037055786699056625,
0.06066882610321045,
-0.6406029462814331,
0.7124407291412354,
0.6687155961990356,
1.3727511167526245,
0.7731928825378418,
-0.013281092047691345,
-0.6642172336578369,
1.3884873390197754,
0.1288396269083023,
0.452959805727005,
-0.21519386768341064,
-0.0037075579166412354,
1.0804294347763062,
0.7345106601715088,
0.3194701671600342,
-0.16464951634407043,
0.4771975576877594,
-0.27471742033958435,
-1.2512127161026,
0.37244734168052673,
-1.4443883895874023,
-0.056947529315948486,
-0.8682748675346375,
0.6272608637809753,
-0.34159448742866516,
1.5840479135513306,
-0.19836543500423431,
0.12616309523582458,
1.2919577360153198,
0.2930430769920349,
-0.36892902851104736,
1.3112854957580566,
0.07692588865756989,
-1.6494801044464111,
0.13883446156978607,
1.914217472076416,
1.9055616855621338,
-1.4743235111236572,
0.0826726034283638,
-1.474409580230713,
1.27821683883667,
-1.7026066780090332,
1.7666115760803223,
0.5217694640159607,
0.7381620407104492,
1.381223440170288,
-0.8572615385055542,
1.0663063526153564,
-0.8437900543212891,
-0.33436429500579834,
0.6622788310050964,
0.03448575735092163,
1.1740494966506958,
-1.204771876335144,
0.20577174425125122,
0.6969281435012817,
0.5829095244407654,
0.5060715079307556,
0.38245275616645813,
-0.5324258208274841,
0.8973521590232849,
-0.5644664764404297,
-0.8501865863800049,
-0.4567503035068512,
0.9583746194839478,
-0.9186503291130066,
1.010362148284912,
0.0749872624874115,
1.5131807327270508,
-0.40977245569229126,
0.18919023871421814,
0.4761517643928528,
1.0414797067642212,
-0.427290141582489,
-1.204548954963684,
-1.2989201545715332,
-0.1438145935535431,
-0.7393625974655151,
-0.9543705582618713,
1.2798134088516235,
0.13754406571388245,
0.5302316546440125,
0.7068897485733032,
0.6462149620056152,
1.3919126987457275,
-1.4151191711425781,
-0.5767669081687927,
1.3588964939117432,
-0.3990086317062378,
1.2145020961761475,
0.06432820856571198,
1.0627706050872803,
-0.8270894885063171,
-0.8749819397926331,
1.555809497833252,
0.33385419845581055,
-1.222910761833191,
-0.07218828797340393,
-0.7623401284217834,
0.7633218765258789,
2.4027788639068604,
-1.2893223762512207,
-0.41242119669914246,
0.36418116092681885,
0.8830882906913757,
-0.3696492910385132,
-0.17475666105747223,
-0.5901279449462891,
0.804434597492218,
0.30317941308021545,
-1.0034891366958618,
0.9257537722587585,
-0.5398279428482056,
0.011512160301208496,
0.1332426220178604,
-2.9299044609069824,
-0.10407406091690063,
0.3170062005519867,
0.7522674798965454,
0.7434730529785156,
0.5127876996994019
] |
what is the current state of the art in human imaging | i was wondering what imaging techniques (or combination of imaging techniques) are currently pushing the envelope when it comes to imaging the human body *in vivo* with high resolution and signal sensitivity. | the answer really depends on what you're trying to image. 3d ct scans are highly accurate and can give you a 3d image of the item you are imaging that can be manipulated on screen. mri can be done actively with an fmri, bit it is still constrained to the somewhat low resolution of mris. there arw some newer mri that have increased the resolution but they are not too popular just yet due to cost of replacement and the current sag in the health care industry in the usa. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.3300219178199768,
-0.976965606212616,
0.5720987319946289,
-0.9925973415374756,
-0.20565426349639893,
-0.4657335877418518,
-0.900442361831665,
0.03780549764633179,
0.7657452821731567,
-0.4792037010192871,
-0.19904237985610962,
1.4378101825714111,
0.3574591279029846,
-0.5911948680877686,
-2.4467966556549072,
-1.0237504243850708,
0.09269621968269348,
-0.19001294672489166,
-0.2917894423007965,
0.4570159614086151,
-0.9151932597160339,
-0.9865338802337646,
-0.855610728263855,
-0.5622016191482544,
0.2979589104652405,
-0.49394333362579346,
0.042980313301086426,
-0.9344241619110107,
-0.011920089833438396,
-0.3220730721950531,
0.08100391179323196,
0.6727012991905212,
-0.35709142684936523,
0.003228306770324707,
-0.9782455563545227,
-0.3860829472541809,
-0.8998950719833374,
0.6743700504302979,
-0.8186777830123901,
-0.432096391916275,
-0.24662956595420837,
-0.20780912041664124,
-0.8289828300476074,
0.2318095862865448,
1.0080959796905518,
0.9843565225601196,
-0.03708575665950775,
-0.18376828730106354,
0.47871828079223633,
1.2726263999938965,
-0.7972590327262878,
-0.2122664749622345,
0.1257581263780594,
0.28167444467544556,
-0.28463563323020935,
0.4410680830478668,
-0.2348364144563675,
-1.0393246412277222,
0.5921804904937744,
1.0339339971542358,
-0.7357366681098938,
0.3579860329627991,
-0.32946455478668213,
0.756956160068512,
2.053931951522827,
0.11101525276899338,
1.070037841796875,
-1.6323660612106323,
0.4227135181427002,
0.11855451762676239,
0.250252902507782,
-0.06271494179964066,
-0.17838197946548462,
0.6019776463508606,
0.17241671681404114,
-0.35412850975990295,
0.4491083323955536,
0.5758522152900696,
0.7972755432128906,
-0.6796905994415283,
0.9457699656486511,
0.6288670897483826,
-0.08642241358757019,
0.07468966394662857,
0.6668450832366943,
0.6754065155982971,
0.2181231677532196,
0.7760201096534729,
-0.18838125467300415,
-0.651020348072052,
0.7339004278182983,
0.16611367464065552,
-1.2254682779312134,
-0.6719447374343872,
0.8438584208488464,
-0.8138954043388367,
0.20465517044067383,
-0.32480672001838684,
0.9494273662567139,
0.6624609231948853,
-1.3120074272155762,
0.046352073550224304,
-0.647904634475708,
1.0292142629623413,
-1.1833142042160034,
-0.2789713144302368,
0.3232167363166809,
-0.20265640318393707,
-1.0533905029296875,
1.0278348922729492,
-0.1738158017396927,
0.026308555155992508,
0.07224583625793457,
-0.6266483068466187,
0.08758905529975891,
-1.0402576923370361,
-0.37123754620552063,
0.1913367509841919,
-0.5570451021194458,
-1.3861494064331055,
0.0695771872997284,
-1.21755051612854,
-0.5852433443069458,
-0.5164709091186523,
1.3972711563110352,
0.55096435546875,
-1.1245278120040894,
0.9115176200866699,
0.23332378268241882,
0.5192704796791077,
0.6866915225982666,
-0.8496134877204895,
-0.9721982479095459,
-0.13512077927589417,
-0.08802352845668793,
-0.0780290737748146,
0.4153546988964081,
-0.4818100929260254,
-1.0938198566436768,
1.1752121448516846,
-0.07857821881771088,
0.5032600164413452,
0.7064611911773682,
0.30249500274658203,
0.366624116897583,
1.416967749595642,
-0.9744105339050293,
-0.3372955918312073,
-0.3199474811553955,
-0.7689979076385498,
-0.19183433055877686,
-0.47492924332618713,
0.07491610199213028,
0.45126765966415405,
-0.3513581454753876,
0.017015665769577026,
-0.3871704339981079,
0.24279551208019257,
-1.233031988143921,
0.23272424936294556,
-0.12269589304924011,
-0.49016445875167847,
-1.3068991899490356,
0.2892570495605469,
-0.1595803201198578,
0.42220181226730347,
0.5013096928596497,
0.3638859689235687,
1.5473191738128662,
0.9770177006721497,
0.3007276654243469,
-0.010664790868759155,
-0.0368000864982605,
0.4788960814476013,
-0.01660655438899994,
-0.6820950508117676,
-0.9967911243438721,
0.0319075882434845,
-0.1649627387523651,
-0.18243110179901123,
-0.8867052793502808,
-1.4272713661193848,
0.7683617472648621,
0.6514759063720703,
0.008622325956821442,
-2.0660629272460938,
0.594997763633728,
0.3785662055015564,
-0.2687615156173706,
-0.41983291506767273,
0.042135655879974365,
0.4502469003200531,
-0.33207380771636963,
0.36119163036346436,
-0.3423116207122803,
-0.42187559604644775,
-0.4391266703605652,
-0.38530614972114563,
0.3791643977165222,
-0.359878808259964,
1.1305831670761108,
-0.26730597019195557,
0.5337450504302979,
0.6340962648391724,
0.17776063084602356,
0.44029051065444946,
0.298061728477478,
-0.22739830613136292,
-1.0585156679153442,
0.10058063268661499,
0.2999360263347626,
0.2150055468082428,
0.7971694469451904,
0.24714362621307373,
0.060955509543418884,
0.815741240978241,
-1.7448618412017822,
-0.59592604637146,
-0.8088455200195312,
0.9798972606658936,
-0.9054687023162842,
-0.8007855415344238,
1.171469807624817,
-0.24259009957313538,
-1.752007246017456,
-0.5531411170959473,
-0.2547610104084015,
0.24311287701129913,
-1.2784929275512695,
0.1008727177977562,
1.5864886045455933,
1.1858718395233154,
1.0183194875717163,
0.049724727869033813,
-0.2218455672264099,
-0.9491952657699585,
-1.8447425365447998,
0.09084385633468628,
-0.8489826321601868,
0.5164753198623657,
-0.40915560722351074,
-0.4630289673805237,
-0.9036365747451782,
-0.05910372734069824,
0.01414787769317627,
0.9789350628852844,
0.1293095499277115,
0.9015222787857056,
0.4497201144695282,
1.0761213302612305,
-0.6315575838088989,
0.24715372920036316,
-0.3360007405281067,
0.4618288278579712,
-0.028200943022966385,
-0.9391683340072632,
-0.26073023676872253,
1.2115451097488403,
0.3759879171848297,
0.8550926446914673,
1.6289641857147217,
-0.34092777967453003,
-0.22478508949279785,
0.09239443391561508,
0.20878338813781738,
1.2139511108398438,
0.7114538550376892,
-0.6933559775352478,
0.7261883020401001,
-0.8915302753448486,
0.22969448566436768,
-0.08597999811172485,
0.7277994155883789,
0.5115824937820435,
-0.11139938235282898,
-0.20065391063690186,
0.7403547167778015,
0.448537677526474,
-1.2820793390274048,
0.29207122325897217,
0.2852102816104889,
-0.6299740672111511,
-0.6551108956336975,
0.01273861899971962,
0.300986647605896,
-0.36431148648262024,
-0.6981199979782104,
-1.3453552722930908,
-0.2172510325908661,
1.2445340156555176,
1.4997937679290771,
0.4564831852912903,
-0.16851508617401123,
0.4451500177383423,
0.7476788759231567,
-0.351993203163147,
0.5811549425125122,
-0.9099909663200378,
0.6789718866348267,
-0.5064064860343933,
0.23793931305408478,
0.7288793921470642,
0.19078092277050018,
-0.3995286524295807,
0.16583652794361115,
-0.7659221887588501,
0.4179236888885498,
0.7176925539970398,
-0.3740658462047577,
0.3985722064971924,
-0.4743328392505646,
-1.2526512145996094,
0.13136515021324158,
-0.3516974449157715,
-1.1372416019439697,
0.8908908367156982,
-0.5393350124359131,
-0.8333549499511719,
-0.18114492297172546,
0.7947741150856018,
0.27733999490737915,
-0.37562522292137146,
0.3625679016113281,
-0.4536364674568176,
0.13619838654994965,
-0.6627591252326965,
-0.3086397647857666,
0.870110034942627,
-0.12453549355268478,
-0.9880779385566711,
-0.04495278000831604,
0.0688854455947876,
-0.3548744320869446,
-0.27901509404182434,
0.559617280960083,
0.24292752146720886,
-0.7606320977210999,
0.26634734869003296,
-0.825577974319458,
-0.36605963110923767,
-0.24304933845996857,
0.8045535087585449,
0.5369206666946411,
-0.20758287608623505,
0.5427370071411133,
0.7116003036499023,
-0.12272968888282776,
0.60182124376297,
-0.5355722308158875,
-0.11912231892347336,
0.16679367423057556,
0.5236029624938965,
0.8440245985984802,
0.3073272109031677,
1.9732277393341064,
-0.7480014562606812,
0.005006631836295128,
0.22790347039699554,
0.33140575885772705,
0.023408882319927216,
0.18710356950759888,
0.39503321051597595,
0.6261235475540161,
2.4137744903564453,
-0.4608312249183655,
-0.29334330558776855,
-0.483713835477829,
-0.4849012494087219,
0.4031667709350586,
0.09097616374492645,
0.311565637588501,
0.6199538707733154,
-0.5571355819702148,
0.12589183449745178,
0.08600935339927673,
-0.640113353729248,
0.2635204493999481,
0.19289177656173706,
-0.7134193181991577,
0.7221405506134033,
0.05115196108818054,
0.1723099946975708,
0.502954363822937,
0.8448991775512695
] |
can someone explain the mammalian diving reflex to me? | not everything has to have an evolutionary benefit. this reflex was once beneficial for organisms that needed to spend time underwater, and is highly conserved. [this paper](_url_1_) notes: the fact that it is so highly conserved suggests that it developed relatively early on. even if it did not provide a huge benefit to survival, as long as it didn't *reduce* fitness through its presence it would still be passed on to future generations. a similar effect can be seen in the neonatal [moro reflex](_url_0_), which is thought to most mothers don't rely on their infants' abilities to hold on to them throughout the day anymore, but this reflex remains because it does not cause a negative selection pressure. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_reflex",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330930"
] | [
-1.6072944402694702,
0.19060257077217102,
-1.1613725423812866,
0.6804433465003967,
-1.054211974143982,
0.6391483545303345,
-0.4999803304672241,
0.5582450032234192,
0.4950113296508789,
0.5512443780899048,
2.882754325866699,
1.0726374387741089,
-0.9805895686149597,
2.2802624702453613,
0.2593706250190735,
0.25172436237335205,
0.41181376576423645,
-0.025806784629821777,
-2.288694143295288,
0.9386821985244751,
1.2475874423980713,
0.6420467495918274,
1.45853853225708,
0.6865140199661255,
-2.292614459991455,
0.30854320526123047,
-0.8880527019500732,
-0.019259564578533173,
1.5518887042999268,
-0.03659823536872864,
-1.5649595260620117,
-0.1100260317325592,
0.0950988382101059,
-1.5623252391815186,
-1.450566291809082,
1.6343649625778198,
-1.0224716663360596,
-1.1335657835006714,
0.7159519791603088,
0.147860586643219,
-0.4697035551071167,
0.24490025639533997,
-0.026380352675914764,
1.4651644229888916,
-0.41955167055130005,
2.3395872116088867,
0.7989946007728577,
0.5165339708328247,
-1.100287914276123,
-0.30118411779403687,
-1.067900538444519,
-1.0525403022766113,
-0.03687368333339691,
-1.1265089511871338,
-0.44313645362854004,
0.9916003942489624,
-0.8663308024406433,
-1.128319501876831,
-0.37374061346054077,
-1.2784178256988525,
-0.8269301652908325,
-0.1402316689491272,
-0.40752363204956055,
0.46982404589653015,
1.4062464237213135,
0.17820236086845398,
-0.5715460777282715,
-1.0329862833023071,
1.900312900543213,
1.5672838687896729,
1.958092451095581,
-0.4583320617675781,
0.04361220449209213,
0.21292215585708618,
-0.12989306449890137,
-0.5032688975334167,
0.788966178894043,
0.607477605342865,
-1.1166443824768066,
-0.763765811920166,
-0.04117690771818161,
-0.3508736193180084,
-0.6851654052734375,
0.2520090937614441,
-0.6231884360313416,
-0.34331685304641724,
0.8989381790161133,
-1.1740965843200684,
-1.6459167003631592,
1.2930550575256348,
-0.7169830203056335,
0.4164212942123413,
-0.2869250476360321,
-1.125551462173462,
-0.28210294246673584,
1.5626249313354492,
-1.288211703300476,
0.1411571204662323,
-2.180572271347046,
-1.3082630634307861,
-0.4901445209980011,
0.555296778678894,
-3.491868495941162,
0.42048853635787964,
-0.41034436225891113,
-0.6192184090614319,
-1.4497028589248657,
-0.5703513026237488,
0.2959624230861664,
1.5996962785720825,
-0.6333146095275879,
0.1920313835144043,
1.0154590606689453,
1.598170518875122,
-1.4352535009384155,
-0.8189234137535095,
-1.9463728666305542,
-0.14037051796913147,
0.2774902582168579,
0.6641397476196289,
-0.4522644281387329,
-3.1410622596740723,
0.21089676022529602,
-0.8840272426605225,
1.4618606567382812,
-0.9897527098655701,
-0.289513498544693,
1.2611415386199951,
0.7122018337249756,
-0.26666170358657837,
0.8242924213409424,
-1.3022024631500244,
-1.3402570486068726,
-0.9705567359924316,
-0.5695760846138,
-0.025394290685653687,
1.044027328491211,
-1.4382635354995728,
-0.7690119743347168,
-0.6402038931846619,
0.11582079529762268,
1.2059110403060913,
0.1840343326330185,
-0.1883353888988495,
-1.432590126991272,
1.2373054027557373,
1.9533581733703613,
-0.3316749930381775,
0.4005790054798126,
0.6255104541778564,
-0.9515910148620605,
-1.134687066078186,
-0.20381027460098267,
-1.545457124710083,
-0.06641093641519547,
0.9494390487670898,
-2.022155284881592,
0.11392338573932648,
0.6423612833023071,
-0.15529470145702362,
-1.2761998176574707,
0.24026593565940857,
0.5504850149154663,
0.12606120109558105,
0.4451501965522766,
-0.3663170635700226,
-0.1957411915063858,
-1.1397478580474854,
0.42661672830581665,
0.9907057285308838,
-0.5239217281341553,
-0.1348503679037094,
0.8795740604400635,
-2.041048765182495,
1.2249951362609863,
0.1406674087047577,
-3.320572853088379,
-0.7879015207290649,
0.5884758830070496,
1.1330660581588745,
2.346158981323242,
-1.0657905340194702,
-0.08631947636604309,
0.00793234258890152,
0.03635279834270477,
0.5418044328689575,
-1.084668517112732,
0.06429628282785416,
-0.4459381699562073,
-1.2740073204040527,
0.03870643675327301,
-0.9664649963378906,
0.6990147829055786,
2.5023231506347656,
0.44938594102859497,
-0.3074776232242584,
0.7435991168022156,
0.5327388644218445,
0.9871110916137695,
-1.4566044807434082,
-2.720931053161621,
-1.016282081604004,
-0.5690389275550842,
-0.8515229821205139,
1.9821817874908447,
-0.702534019947052,
1.113827109336853,
-0.8165488243103027,
0.6375125646591187,
-0.983853280544281,
-0.9152458906173706,
1.214336633682251,
0.4818558990955353,
-1.616175889968872,
1.1219511032104492,
0.46167632937431335,
-1.125116229057312,
0.3331829905509949,
1.2809767723083496,
-0.38737091422080994,
-0.39174944162368774,
-0.7010815143585205,
0.3032589554786682,
-1.6637717485427856,
-0.382363498210907,
-1.1346653699874878,
-0.39413660764694214,
1.512209177017212,
-1.299240231513977,
0.682307243347168,
-1.0328850746154785,
-0.7991420030593872,
-0.7521100044250488,
-0.12611261010169983,
-1.196089506149292,
-0.4069049656391144,
1.4160327911376953,
0.5050072073936462,
-0.16362936794757843,
-1.117120385169983,
-0.31682485342025757,
0.9886260032653809,
-0.547179102897644,
0.3954451084136963,
0.8928232192993164,
2.0167605876922607,
1.1576690673828125,
0.6889218091964722,
0.1234520673751831,
0.7282836437225342,
-2.439629077911377,
1.6187763214111328,
-0.4787691831588745,
-0.8480397462844849,
-0.10037554055452347,
-0.8518668413162231,
-1.1107096672058105,
-0.03670463711023331,
-0.3608577847480774,
0.5551844835281372,
-0.17236150801181793,
1.4874987602233887,
-0.27733516693115234,
1.16999351978302,
0.9784612655639648,
0.2113807201385498,
-0.6502451300621033,
-0.3739490509033203,
0.3060687780380249,
-0.34157055616378784,
0.7025120854377747,
0.17386558651924133,
0.408678263425827,
0.934017539024353,
0.26925593614578247,
0.9498271942138672,
-0.2964312732219696,
0.36084210872650146,
-0.5498340129852295,
-1.9787123203277588,
0.8320170044898987,
-3.0426084995269775,
0.20307356119155884,
0.8805810809135437,
0.489465594291687,
-0.958711564540863,
-0.5832948684692383,
-1.6178555488586426,
1.437124252319336,
0.31402668356895447,
0.8954113721847534,
2.322890281677246,
1.1357461214065552,
-1.097030520439148,
2.3851094245910645,
0.5912197232246399,
0.14900487661361694,
-1.1723039150238037,
-0.9528307318687439,
1.4570765495300293,
0.17334936559200287,
-0.7085288763046265,
0.01626042276620865,
0.5378967523574829,
-1.4686599969863892,
-0.2677653729915619,
1.3321146965026855,
-0.7692192196846008,
0.37030866742134094,
0.2725616693496704,
-1.1132732629776,
-0.6181941032409668,
0.23650792241096497,
1.187452793121338,
-0.4815252423286438,
0.6313713788986206,
-0.2649209201335907,
0.40106046199798584,
-0.16574425995349884,
0.45894530415534973,
1.6581116914749146,
1.252551794052124,
0.3491979241371155,
1.6330480575561523,
-0.3910013437271118,
-1.3477944135665894,
0.16300058364868164,
-1.1303348541259766,
-0.9639179706573486,
0.6570459604263306,
-0.36064478754997253,
1.9578825235366821,
2.4464924335479736,
-0.1436651349067688,
0.9165679812431335,
0.08444391191005707,
0.5595150589942932,
1.4792461395263672,
-1.1943219900131226,
0.24339154362678528,
1.230433702468872,
0.15009817481040955,
1.34649658203125,
0.20577071607112885,
-0.4316798746585846,
-1.3240960836410522,
1.2539008855819702,
1.2066339254379272,
-0.8421263694763184,
-0.5971918106079102,
2.091688871383667,
1.3888441324234009,
1.0552799701690674,
0.7060962319374084,
0.7185564041137695,
-2.531022310256958,
0.8787164688110352,
0.018891438841819763,
0.23733001947402954,
-0.5902063250541687,
0.08520321547985077,
0.5534282326698303,
-0.9046916365623474,
3.0910580158233643,
-0.6723498106002808,
0.7414140701293945,
0.7052444815635681,
-0.5069783329963684,
-0.519832968711853,
0.9040441513061523,
0.5792743563652039,
2.0735204219818115,
-0.373279333114624,
-1.0279020071029663,
-0.6974580883979797,
0.40584883093833923,
0.1330394446849823,
0.48734545707702637,
-1.0646780729293823,
1.012642502784729,
2.4515199661254883,
1.6226308345794678,
1.0637080669403076,
0.06454972177743912
] |
|
why is the electric flux through a closed surface zero? | this makes sense to me if the field lines were constant over the entire object, but we know that the field strength drops as 1/r^2 (at least for a point charge) . i'm aware of gauss's law and how it would be easy to say "no charge enclosed, no flux." however, i'm lost intuitionally. for example, let's say i have a point charge directly outside of a cube and for simplicity, i'll only consider field lines who are perpendicular to two surfaces of the cube. electric field lines would first pierce the entry wall of the cube at a distance we'll call r*_1_*. then, after some distance, say r*_2_*, the field lines pierce the exit wall and continues on. since the net flux is the difference of the flux over these surfaces, and the field strength is stronger at r*_1_* than it is at r*_2_*, how can the net flux be zero? or do i have this wrong? | yes, the field strength is different at those two locations, but what matters is the flux. if you integrate the normal component of the field over the entire closed surface, you'll find that it's zero. every field line which enters the cube also exits it. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.24732616543769836,
-0.03269905596971512,
-0.03956020623445511,
0.006504327058792114,
-0.06742363423109055,
-0.536273717880249,
-0.03801324963569641,
-0.0013024788349866867,
-0.14126555621623993,
-0.4120580554008484,
-0.07509461790323257,
-0.30573320388793945,
-0.11224178969860077,
0.26816725730895996,
0.1460823118686676,
0.055604614317417145,
-1.161961317062378,
0.035379182547330856,
-0.758131742477417,
0.134741872549057,
0.24655424058437347,
-0.034481920301914215,
-0.42935460805892944,
0.014268115162849426,
-0.24621325731277466,
-0.07325528562068939,
-0.5819779634475708,
0.05910220742225647,
0.2705610692501068,
-0.4519149959087372,
-0.3514605760574341,
0.21501608192920685,
-0.507798969745636,
0.01873958110809326,
0.1230877935886383,
0.450283944606781,
-0.17959143221378326,
0.08256402611732483,
0.0005713135469704866,
0.8956819176673889,
0.35893571376800537,
-0.46644127368927,
0.24971891939640045,
0.3861071467399597,
0.19861623644828796,
0.6285345554351807,
0.261044979095459,
-0.6209556460380554,
0.3162340223789215,
-0.29765602946281433,
-0.3482559621334076,
0.15304666757583618,
0.023929208517074585,
-0.10004900395870209,
0.29895925521850586,
0.7664722204208374,
0.4496040642261505,
-0.4877323508262634,
-0.4698501229286194,
-0.057682208716869354,
0.21961140632629395,
0.010316222906112671,
0.050983548164367676,
-0.03807642310857773,
0.6935105323791504,
-0.7571027278900146,
0.32802054286003113,
-0.07451502233743668,
-0.1781744807958603,
0.11641126126050949,
-0.2628714442253113,
0.3672162890434265,
-0.5426948666572571,
-0.44120973348617554,
0.616256594657898,
0.44234225153923035,
-0.4564600884914398,
0.5512127876281738,
0.845219075679779,
0.06499528884887695,
0.7982016801834106,
0.6094960570335388,
-0.29761749505996704,
-0.41121238470077515,
-0.16748128831386566,
0.5543610453605652,
0.6618204116821289,
0.14452412724494934,
-0.1476535201072693,
-0.01739673689007759,
0.267985075712204,
-0.08592744916677475,
-0.9683820009231567,
0.6389306783676147,
0.11003220081329346,
0.7341015934944153,
-0.10841255635023117,
-0.43384215235710144,
0.3203291893005371,
-0.3108225166797638,
-0.2862146496772766,
0.09446174651384354,
-0.6548573970794678,
0.64239102602005,
-0.20111796259880066,
-0.2950211763381958,
0.06527964025735855,
0.4656093120574951,
0.38420194387435913,
0.2988607883453369,
0.5524309873580933,
-0.5069122314453125,
-0.20812532305717468,
-0.30817365646362305,
-0.22185218334197998,
-0.5714482069015503,
0.12299010157585144,
0.5100476741790771,
-0.35393255949020386,
0.20342330634593964,
-0.1015901267528534,
-0.5683152079582214,
0.47380852699279785,
0.6224352717399597,
0.3259049355983734,
-0.38006308674812317,
-0.39468955993652344,
0.029934238642454147,
0.8016312122344971,
-0.043226078152656555,
0.7067016959190369,
-0.24991215765476227,
-0.46587711572647095,
0.06485958397388458,
-0.4067240357398987,
0.21888238191604614,
0.623612105846405,
0.5132365226745605,
-0.7634350061416626,
1.0844788551330566,
0.16397415101528168,
0.6621139049530029,
-0.02300255000591278,
-0.3065336346626282,
-0.13398170471191406,
0.19477973878383636,
-0.6213662028312683,
-0.3019862174987793,
0.41396230459213257,
-0.4927598237991333,
-0.5735006928443909,
-0.1729004979133606,
-0.03514513373374939,
-0.2493119239807129,
-0.2938275635242462,
0.12598446011543274,
-1.342822551727295,
-0.03725142776966095,
0.11555729806423187,
-0.6207520961761475,
-0.4727167785167694,
0.6750237941741943,
-0.21800175309181213,
0.4348742663860321,
0.44216158986091614,
0.5479109287261963,
-0.035960935056209564,
-0.5874005556106567,
-0.19726210832595825,
0.07529310137033463,
0.6986148953437805,
-0.15901686251163483,
0.04567839205265045,
-0.9303077459335327,
1.0753118991851807,
-0.33498314023017883,
-0.5609992742538452,
-0.07115393877029419,
0.25227826833724976,
0.4925576448440552,
0.4527890682220459,
0.3369992971420288,
0.7730269432067871,
0.309573233127594,
-0.043366625905036926,
0.2363138496875763,
-0.660072386264801,
0.2248537242412567,
-0.26273834705352783,
-0.04231731593608856,
-0.9651906490325928,
-0.026875672861933708,
0.09401802718639374,
0.6736610531806946,
0.14248454570770264,
-0.11295463144779205,
-0.09182976186275482,
0.23649479448795319,
0.27042925357818604,
-0.1277102828025818,
-0.39741086959838867,
0.11443386226892471,
0.13416823744773865,
0.10053420066833496,
-0.4307997226715088,
-0.29521286487579346,
0.30965983867645264,
-0.9634580016136169,
-0.617983877658844,
0.4604717195034027,
-0.9241913557052612,
-1.2509818077087402,
-0.7907789945602417,
-0.06680939346551895,
0.1530759632587433,
0.61883145570755,
0.04446041211485863,
-0.673314094543457,
-0.7287819385528564,
-0.07644439488649368,
0.22064277529716492,
0.39605459570884705,
0.3384985327720642,
-0.41525858640670776,
-0.11493600904941559,
0.17555394768714905,
-0.16807204484939575,
0.004318267107009888,
0.09346716105937958,
0.6719640493392944,
1.1359306573867798,
0.41956639289855957,
0.035262852907180786,
1.0416505336761475,
0.18860384821891785,
0.2912108302116394,
-0.4214422404766083,
0.696840763092041,
-0.606437087059021,
-0.7323270440101624,
-1.4014151096343994,
0.17918092012405396,
0.18394742906093597,
0.5887086987495422,
-0.10426852107048035,
0.29487964510917664,
0.22651192545890808,
-0.18749508261680603,
-0.17387832701206207,
0.5682299137115479,
-0.08351075649261475,
-0.5240015983581543,
-0.3873344659805298,
0.5478275418281555,
0.17818781733512878,
0.13588210940361023,
0.32590240240097046,
-0.46929967403411865,
-0.35058462619781494,
-0.49758902192115784,
-0.04952007532119751,
-0.33405303955078125,
0.294813334941864,
0.1852073222398758,
-0.17440208792686462,
0.8068481683731079,
0.6213276386260986,
0.47073692083358765,
-0.23927965760231018,
-0.41539251804351807,
0.3117571175098419,
-0.41783666610717773,
0.12634244561195374,
-0.4419454336166382,
-0.0319974422454834,
-0.0642809346318245,
-0.24912522733211517,
-0.03701716661453247,
0.1831928789615631,
0.2920406460762024,
-0.9420000910758972,
0.3092840015888214,
-0.18880894780158997,
0.016952604055404663,
0.26408299803733826,
-0.5595434308052063,
-0.263347327709198,
-0.08232975751161575,
0.95111083984375,
-0.04042794555425644,
0.28801316022872925,
0.30729421973228455,
0.3348237872123718,
0.6442304849624634,
0.1215469241142273,
0.6341544389724731,
-0.3272415101528168,
-0.643749475479126,
0.11148159205913544,
0.3053857088088989,
0.7281699776649475,
0.11088907718658447,
-0.1372983157634735,
-0.16306479275226593,
-0.5408216714859009,
0.0822458416223526,
0.004383869469165802,
0.2933037579059601,
0.6188993453979492,
0.027417585253715515,
0.11293002963066101,
-0.40480175614356995,
0.1424475908279419,
0.6952152252197266,
-0.20240198075771332,
0.057698458433151245,
-0.0436113178730011,
0.12177050113677979,
0.0900355726480484,
0.24202421307563782,
-0.0380086749792099,
0.054290905594825745,
0.3778250217437744,
-0.16414277255535126,
0.16450367867946625,
-0.07565215229988098,
0.086151123046875,
-0.14097860455513,
-0.21165165305137634,
0.6232779026031494,
-0.2793015241622925,
0.07960012555122375,
-0.05627740919589996,
-0.5464855432510376,
0.8229332566261292,
0.7151046991348267,
-0.5789120197296143,
0.051277339458465576,
0.007463544607162476,
-0.0007920190691947937,
-0.5791110992431641,
-0.12155846506357193,
-0.5332551002502441,
-0.035769179463386536,
0.2978295385837555,
-0.8330061435699463,
0.15216822922229767,
0.11175475269556046,
-0.5322713851928711,
-0.15136241912841797,
0.33436834812164307,
0.3935118019580841,
0.2389896661043167,
0.35221582651138306,
-0.15543505549430847,
0.2076290398836136,
-0.25485479831695557,
0.33978402614593506,
-0.02333889901638031,
-0.01874939352273941,
-1.0099698305130005,
-0.5595928430557251,
0.017737939953804016,
-0.4558458924293518,
-0.16922599077224731,
0.39133599400520325,
-0.41460317373275757,
-0.2238840013742447,
-0.3852412700653076,
0.5254621505737305,
0.1525718867778778,
0.44051939249038696,
-0.3073379695415497,
-0.40137165784835815,
0.38574957847595215,
-0.2214914709329605,
-0.6265532970428467,
0.38757872581481934,
-0.45390626788139343,
-0.15577878057956696,
-0.4053232669830322,
0.41252851486206055,
0.27435949444770813,
-0.45983031392097473
] |
how does mr work in the context of medical imaging? | when you put certain atoms in a magnetic field, they align with that field. if you then hit them with an electromagnetic signal at the correct frequency, they will tilt (relative to the field). over time, they return back to the ground state (aligned with the field), and when they do so, they give off their own em signal. mri measures that signal. you can do several things with it. normally, you choose your excitation pulse so that it only excites hydrogen atoms. so one thing you could do just measure how strong the signal is at different points, and that gives you an image of the "proton density" throughout the body. different structures have different proton densities. or you could measure the time it takes at a given point for the atoms to return to the ground state, which tells you about the relaxation constant. it turns out different tissues have different relaxation constants (based on their chemical makeup) and so this image also lets you tell the difference between parts of the body. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.2310936450958252,
0.12278848886489868,
0.5498740673065186,
0.4445813298225403,
-0.018801677972078323,
-1.334148645401001,
1.1498125791549683,
0.06980669498443604,
1.179984450340271,
-1.4142918586730957,
2.3394875526428223,
-0.22582289576530457,
0.08792097866535187,
-1.429900884628296,
1.056759238243103,
-2.237398624420166,
-1.1710951328277588,
1.5613869428634644,
-3.823784112930298,
-0.07256902754306793,
0.7238085865974426,
-0.9717167019844055,
-1.679636836051941,
0.1859133243560791,
-1.562508463859558,
0.4850291907787323,
1.127656102180481,
0.26764899492263794,
-1.2484211921691895,
-1.4221714735031128,
-0.8031452298164368,
0.49752458930015564,
-1.1926134824752808,
-0.11759418249130249,
-0.7602889537811279,
0.3376053273677826,
-0.6831107139587402,
0.24528250098228455,
-1.443102240562439,
0.4802100360393524,
-0.16931945085525513,
-2.028137683868408,
1.3015450239181519,
1.9247283935546875,
0.9484963417053223,
1.4970606565475464,
2.499194860458374,
-0.45464587211608887,
0.30313676595687866,
0.5895059108734131,
-0.012610706500709057,
-0.22135719656944275,
-0.07468749582767487,
-0.21135327219963074,
-1.5435253381729126,
2.4359018802642822,
1.4416754245758057,
-1.616321325302124,
-0.830276370048523,
-1.469658374786377,
-0.021987805142998695,
0.046807318925857544,
-0.34448981285095215,
0.9501551389694214,
2.4617085456848145,
-0.3912000060081482,
1.1341596841812134,
-2.071317434310913,
-0.5097488164901733,
1.0626884698867798,
-1.0330578088760376,
1.7511705160140991,
-0.4473004937171936,
-0.7059128880500793,
0.6922771334648132,
1.7276532649993896,
0.2164887934923172,
1.2111104726791382,
0.7955936789512634,
-0.820441722869873,
1.6043084859848022,
-0.9778238534927368,
-1.277259349822998,
-0.5943922400474548,
-0.33518242835998535,
2.980205535888672,
0.832001805305481,
-0.10731013119220734,
-0.9031563401222229,
0.30599167943000793,
-0.3099561035633087,
-0.34081605076789856,
-3.086139440536499,
-0.9801554083824158,
-0.4004250764846802,
1.2713353633880615,
0.7617846131324768,
-1.0386507511138916,
1.8821983337402344,
-0.12270160019397736,
-0.4741716980934143,
0.2070128619670868,
-4.134780406951904,
1.7886713743209839,
-1.685023307800293,
-0.2851506173610687,
-0.551216185092926,
0.8048996329307556,
-0.5783977508544922,
1.2931241989135742,
-0.4471769332885742,
-0.4634435176849365,
-0.0024813413619995117,
-1.1124526262283325,
0.7969143390655518,
-1.2156187295913696,
-0.10992707312107086,
1.590043306350708,
0.04643239080905914,
-2.328709602355957,
-0.8485754728317261,
-1.8567395210266113,
-0.38730233907699585,
-0.7666466236114502,
2.1977765560150146,
-0.6583934426307678,
-0.029595211148262024,
1.1805126667022705,
1.345788598060608,
1.5731449127197266,
2.014624834060669,
-1.7354480028152466,
-1.6256005764007568,
0.46306365728378296,
-2.744283676147461,
-0.3264564275741577,
3.1774232387542725,
-0.05743740499019623,
-2.359083652496338,
3.0001351833343506,
1.9029200077056885,
-0.3313301205635071,
-0.9621514678001404,
0.07691872864961624,
0.04763612151145935,
0.4712945818901062,
-1.2388676404953003,
-0.47503626346588135,
-0.7996324300765991,
1.0651886463165283,
-2.0865073204040527,
-0.8751870393753052,
0.6540260314941406,
-0.05435565114021301,
-0.2307133823633194,
0.7667250037193298,
-3.468135356903076,
0.5286913514137268,
0.18422119319438934,
0.7262954711914062,
-1.4927135705947876,
1.151969075202942,
-0.38561275601387024,
1.5915560722351074,
0.5450706481933594,
1.3506587743759155,
1.52151358127594,
-0.5056304931640625,
1.45261812210083,
-0.248511403799057,
0.31798917055130005,
0.5052073001861572,
1.7765058279037476,
-0.7633547782897949,
-1.5369224548339844,
-0.23290404677391052,
-2.298466205596924,
-1.0445276498794556,
1.2016987800598145,
0.7436697483062744,
0.1675151139497757,
-0.6096472144126892,
3.1065492630004883,
1.2979811429977417,
-0.0062238723039627075,
-1.2465041875839233,
-0.6993893384933472,
-0.5540476441383362,
0.5996666550636292,
-0.3226505219936371,
1.2343099117279053,
-1.0495972633361816,
-0.22575676441192627,
1.2433732748031616,
-1.9784207344055176,
-0.5566133260726929,
-0.8925592303276062,
1.0460790395736694,
0.769720733165741,
0.8265205025672913,
0.4372478425502777,
-0.7298820614814758,
0.6070358753204346,
-0.40054720640182495,
-0.8711702227592468,
-0.144831582903862,
1.9643865823745728,
0.24102771282196045,
-1.8038089275360107,
-0.018966495990753174,
-0.9815743565559387,
-3.3626632690429688,
-0.10894978046417236,
0.4189264178276062,
-0.7933540940284729,
0.1690683811903,
-2.3557984828948975,
-2.091768503189087,
-1.1119139194488525,
-0.40090903639793396,
1.392788052558899,
-0.4977723956108093,
-0.1988193392753601,
-1.969717264175415,
-1.1777904033660889,
0.051872506737709045,
-0.10387204587459564,
1.7797529697418213,
-0.6932663917541504,
1.3626664876937866,
1.8833394050598145,
2.417494297027588,
0.3321813642978668,
3.053405523300171,
0.9492623805999756,
-1.3955274820327759,
-3.833904266357422,
-0.8095476031303406,
0.32215768098831177,
-0.9091899394989014,
-0.12228614091873169,
0.5193602442741394,
0.14127826690673828,
0.35018420219421387,
0.1306249052286148,
-0.4089549481868744,
1.555976152420044,
2.010244607925415,
0.7188162803649902,
0.10614466667175293,
0.0687083899974823,
-2.493978500366211,
-0.6589952111244202,
0.9696965217590332,
-1.2940082550048828,
-0.6897805333137512,
-0.3154221177101135,
1.466388463973999,
-1.1224149465560913,
-0.45955508947372437,
0.11175361275672913,
-0.2461124062538147,
0.2424880862236023,
-0.6990191340446472,
-1.5147814750671387,
2.582293748855591,
2.9379658699035645,
1.2570655345916748,
-1.567205548286438,
-0.18661950528621674,
0.9415202140808105,
1.2748035192489624,
-0.850993812084198,
-0.04751497507095337,
1.8208882808685303,
-2.37060284614563,
-1.646080493927002,
0.2896965742111206,
-0.17417502403259277,
1.3554493188858032,
-0.14595738053321838,
-1.7570502758026123,
0.9847302436828613,
1.111821174621582,
-0.31296971440315247,
-1.2757195234298706,
-0.39450937509536743,
-1.1237479448318481,
1.4868879318237305,
0.30531904101371765,
0.42578285932540894,
2.60921311378479,
1.2724146842956543,
0.8023443222045898,
2.685046434402466,
1.6558152437210083,
0.27259308099746704,
0.28754621744155884,
1.0659606456756592,
-1.059895396232605,
1.3068184852600098,
-2.2005836963653564,
-2.5721161365509033,
-0.18982325494289398,
-2.107848644256592,
-0.2995315194129944,
-0.018321391195058823,
1.2900258302688599,
-0.9917543530464172,
-1.05464768409729,
-2.1354894638061523,
-1.25132417678833,
1.868412733078003,
-1.247420072555542,
-1.8699023723602295,
2.3774476051330566,
0.8618621230125427,
0.7437655329704285,
0.7859713435173035,
0.5024312138557434,
0.05320751667022705,
-2.237485647201538,
1.8480780124664307,
-1.249107003211975,
-0.02210831642150879,
-0.10091100633144379,
0.9445207118988037,
-2.149867296218872,
0.5814367532730103,
-2.633441209793091,
0.030885331332683563,
-0.3368866443634033,
0.29399609565734863,
-0.8705688714981079,
3.4487931728363037,
2.674251079559326,
-1.7960493564605713,
0.03067822754383087,
-0.9049084782600403,
1.3172317743301392,
-0.9852268695831299,
-0.2531755566596985,
0.7168020009994507,
0.8908805847167969,
1.5993363857269287,
0.26382526755332947,
-1.1998003721237183,
0.5092424154281616,
-2.0975522994995117,
-0.4023090600967407,
-0.3811439573764801,
1.322068452835083,
2.7554774284362793,
0.8456873893737793,
1.5689576864242554,
-1.1680415868759155,
-0.8908777832984924,
-0.601277232170105,
0.433169424533844,
1.5549423694610596,
-1.2210536003112793,
-0.57755446434021,
0.25276979804039,
2.8818492889404297,
-0.3349805772304535,
0.47296595573425293,
1.6523280143737793,
0.0890149176120758,
-0.2798268795013428,
1.6243579387664795,
0.039353951811790466,
2.5019354820251465,
0.8656138181686401,
-1.017242431640625,
-1.3945249319076538,
-1.4189436435699463,
0.5766817331314087,
0.4655971825122833,
-0.4586324989795685,
0.6633644700050354,
-0.029071182012557983,
2.459519147872925,
1.748351812362671,
-0.18676477670669556
] |
|
why does decoherence produce probabilistic outcomes? | i am reading the book the fabric of the cosmos, and brian greene explains that when the wavefunctions of a large number of particles interact with a small particle, the wavefunction of the small particle transforms into a sharp spike. what i don't understand is that, since schrödinger's equation is totally deterministic, shouldn't the result be deterministic as well? why would we have probabilities of finding the spikes in different locations? i think he must have missed some important details in the book. thank you. | decoherence basically implies that the wavefunction splits into two (or more) parts, that are now so different (decoherent) that they will never ever interact again. if you look at it from the outside, it looks like the universe is splitting into two parallel universes that differ only in where the particle (the sharp spike) is. there would be two versions of you, each will experience the particle in its own position. even though this whole scenario is deterministic (there is certainly going to be 2 versions of you, with no randomness attached), from inside it looks as though the subjective probability of being /u/mysteriousentropy number one versus /u/mysteriousentropy number two is 50/50. by the way, this is my go-to example where i'm trying to describe the difference between "random" and "non-deterministic". that's the many worlds interpretation, anyway. there's also the copenhagen interpretation that holds that at the moment of decoherence the so called wavefunction collapse happens, which is a fundamentally nondeterministic physical event, separate from the normal evolution via schrödinger's equation. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.8873666524887085,
-1.290479302406311,
0.08727644383907318,
-0.22379526495933533,
0.9531259536743164,
-0.3251974582672119,
1.5186779499053955,
-1.0245230197906494,
3.60849666595459,
-1.179653286933899,
1.9043654203414917,
-0.5047576427459717,
0.40212225914001465,
-0.9992479085922241,
1.388546347618103,
-1.120710015296936,
-0.7706704139709473,
-1.1523528099060059,
-4.194976806640625,
1.693294644355774,
-0.03509189188480377,
-0.9634164571762085,
-0.8344941139221191,
0.7862867712974548,
-0.9281252026557922,
-0.3137379586696625,
-0.1637091040611267,
-0.4444745182991028,
0.7182165384292603,
-0.061906322836875916,
1.5760869979858398,
1.455305576324463,
-3.2451770305633545,
-0.09915787726640701,
-0.4268124997615814,
-0.10826146602630615,
-0.18935690820217133,
0.8843444585800171,
-0.5854937434196472,
-0.6997920274734497,
-0.8944040536880493,
1.3508129119873047,
0.1465473771095276,
0.10772520303726196,
-0.5117903351783752,
0.7840837240219116,
0.26421359181404114,
2.121638536453247,
-1.0924729108810425,
-1.3976255655288696,
-1.074289083480835,
1.08724844455719,
-1.094338059425354,
-0.6294527649879456,
0.15172958374023438,
0.7101787328720093,
1.1298739910125732,
-1.1662752628326416,
0.5262250900268555,
-0.60694420337677,
0.8409475088119507,
0.012886092066764832,
-0.6615791320800781,
0.30469805002212524,
3.2414467334747314,
1.0235927104949951,
0.5369056463241577,
-0.5376268029212952,
-0.04018552601337433,
1.4128623008728027,
0.07378643751144409,
0.2478279173374176,
-1.2032586336135864,
0.6360303163528442,
2.122147560119629,
-0.21211852133274078,
0.6255807876586914,
1.8395559787750244,
0.5801914930343628,
0.1598028540611267,
0.29945075511932373,
-3.4102725982666016,
-1.7399835586547852,
-0.839820384979248,
-2.6936278343200684,
1.609639286994934,
0.7420422434806824,
-0.5032085180282593,
1.1952537298202515,
0.12827275693416595,
-2.1141064167022705,
-1.6474424600601196,
1.1605794429779053,
0.039792031049728394,
-0.8859372138977051,
1.9693360328674316,
0.11643770337104797,
-0.39855051040649414,
3.7359910011291504,
1.974118947982788,
-1.683931827545166,
0.8415385484695435,
-1.7673667669296265,
2.0392580032348633,
1.274316668510437,
-2.1021878719329834,
0.9344398975372314,
-0.3779698312282562,
1.082703709602356,
0.5467348098754883,
-0.11427973210811615,
-2.1889398097991943,
3.2929530143737793,
-0.8970730304718018,
-0.898033618927002,
-0.6835918426513672,
1.0437389612197876,
1.6580250263214111,
-0.14819008111953735,
-2.3547892570495605,
0.8139321208000183,
0.6058629155158997,
1.5065009593963623,
-0.02667967975139618,
1.7644916772842407,
0.05084057152271271,
0.47680240869522095,
0.4970667362213135,
1.3341706991195679,
-1.4927113056182861,
1.6682770252227783,
-2.1971120834350586,
0.13193261623382568,
1.1005364656448364,
-0.9667121171951294,
-0.7137044072151184,
2.3443446159362793,
0.17722277343273163,
-1.6740816831588745,
0.5552899241447449,
-0.7418692111968994,
1.293761968612671,
-0.10561823844909668,
0.11420638859272003,
-0.5790765285491943,
0.6204403638839722,
0.1817110776901245,
0.653111457824707,
0.782528817653656,
-0.6629111766815186,
-0.7777121663093567,
-1.3746669292449951,
-0.11914875358343124,
-1.266098976135254,
0.16859638690948486,
1.0786206722259521,
-0.9995496273040771,
0.19820651412010193,
-1.16249680519104,
1.9103385210037231,
-0.3225457966327667,
1.9700344800949097,
0.9992283582687378,
0.3883031904697418,
0.7593355178833008,
1.7713630199432373,
-0.40243929624557495,
-0.9025095105171204,
0.19074681401252747,
0.28184667229652405,
-1.1710931062698364,
-1.4288033246994019,
0.05625070631504059,
-1.7705973386764526,
0.6823973655700684,
-1.0045974254608154,
-3.429072380065918,
-0.8710063695907593,
0.2831233739852905,
1.1502110958099365,
0.5755134224891663,
-0.4647732377052307,
1.2964071035385132,
0.9064853191375732,
-0.1383727788925171,
-0.6076973676681519,
0.8431673049926758,
0.4148813486099243,
-1.4450194835662842,
-0.100584477186203,
0.7688063979148865,
-1.5866464376449585,
1.2721887826919556,
2.3743274211883545,
-0.21676784753799438,
-1.9780457019805908,
0.3539930284023285,
-0.19727279245853424,
0.4963085949420929,
1.479919672012329,
-1.6458892822265625,
-1.1451854705810547,
1.3081917762756348,
-1.9588611125946045,
-0.6823436617851257,
0.05471537262201309,
1.5511606931686401,
0.4134673774242401,
-1.5086183547973633,
0.14148536324501038,
-0.9672476649284363,
-1.258445143699646,
-2.4089348316192627,
-0.4316481649875641,
-0.7411437034606934,
-0.19370657205581665,
-2.2116153240203857,
-2.5084822177886963,
-0.33026182651519775,
-0.5623234510421753,
2.4812262058258057,
-1.0652134418487549,
0.2080375850200653,
-1.1834900379180908,
-1.6085067987442017,
-1.7195643186569214,
-1.8588175773620605,
1.3660751581192017,
0.2969813942909241,
0.5863761901855469,
-0.7379628419876099,
3.1510024070739746,
-0.16944465041160583,
1.3500176668167114,
0.5603471994400024,
-1.4493582248687744,
0.9958147406578064,
0.24937871098518372,
-0.3428036570549011,
-1.1305010318756104,
0.7773952484130859,
-0.6611407399177551,
0.5541578531265259,
0.5971578359603882,
0.00015274807810783386,
-1.0501835346221924,
-1.7155773639678955,
-1.9686849117279053,
0.5337688326835632,
-0.9632799029350281,
0.32682397961616516,
-0.24994677305221558,
-0.6756344437599182,
0.521783709526062,
0.15106165409088135,
1.7316851615905762,
-0.3445609211921692,
-0.35866793990135193,
-1.4471335411071777,
0.6095601320266724,
-0.5207228660583496,
0.8250775337219238,
-1.4147847890853882,
-3.086068868637085,
-0.382070928812027,
1.7011228799819946,
-0.5199801921844482,
0.8706621527671814,
-0.1970306932926178,
-0.2901957929134369,
-0.3738652169704437,
0.3496246933937073,
2.2023701667785645,
-0.77181476354599,
0.4031673073768616,
0.09406041353940964,
1.1585021018981934,
-0.9867424964904785,
-2.2731502056121826,
0.7282464504241943,
-1.4113646745681763,
-2.2136447429656982,
0.03773152828216553,
1.0524731874465942,
0.1630120873451233,
-1.4876552820205688,
0.8816617727279663,
2.353825807571411,
0.8449049592018127,
-0.7546083331108093,
-2.702416181564331,
2.7504098415374756,
0.9289395809173584,
-1.223583698272705,
1.6947985887527466,
0.012374579906463623,
-2.3212924003601074,
-1.2422279119491577,
1.5626075267791748,
0.4007224142551422,
1.2906091213226318,
-0.1581370234489441,
-1.0806870460510254,
1.3535908460617065,
-0.9905664920806885,
0.07280348986387253,
1.7060115337371826,
0.7581772804260254,
0.035081684589385986,
-2.3509395122528076,
-0.6334348320960999,
-1.263849139213562,
0.7900817394256592,
1.7824312448501587,
-1.0416676998138428,
0.8311982154846191,
-0.8238052129745483,
1.4378994703292847,
0.3319879472255707,
2.0339713096618652,
1.8369066715240479,
-1.248084306716919,
0.6946656107902527,
0.2266094833612442,
0.7626839876174927,
1.3986103534698486,
0.7019620537757874,
-1.6365001201629639,
-1.9839123487472534,
0.8283654451370239,
-1.369389533996582,
0.7326328754425049,
0.13809460401535034,
-0.555749237537384,
1.4942066669464111,
2.6524055004119873,
-1.9074463844299316,
-0.8346633911132812,
-1.3517699241638184,
2.184164047241211,
1.0261191129684448,
-1.3287502527236938,
1.1802425384521484,
-0.2980811297893524,
-0.19338960945606232,
0.8318816423416138,
-1.194408655166626,
-1.2917029857635498,
-0.8602209091186523,
0.9583004713058472,
-1.0525823831558228,
0.869532585144043,
0.9136515259742737,
0.3483562171459198,
0.8312290906906128,
-0.45796045660972595,
-2.2176318168640137,
1.1395028829574585,
0.06028693914413452,
-0.19393599033355713,
0.310092568397522,
-0.4301856756210327,
-0.5148899555206299,
3.1163923740386963,
1.1607805490493774,
0.8194190263748169,
-0.530136227607727,
-2.140822410583496,
-0.9229186773300171,
0.7835540771484375,
-0.005908306688070297,
3.5782549381256104,
0.13407295942306519,
-1.2201461791992188,
0.797228217124939,
-0.3614204525947571,
-1.4695762395858765,
0.21840867400169373,
-2.592424154281616,
0.10367362201213837,
0.7999222278594971,
1.081829309463501,
1.1172071695327759,
0.2899172902107239
] |
do people with tetrachromacy perceive electronic displays differently? | so i've been interested in [tetrachromacy](_url_0_) for a while now, and while fiddling with my monitor settings, a thought occurred to me: the pixels of led monitors are made up of red, green, and blue leds. if someone with tetrachromacy can see a fourth primary color, would trichromatic monitors seem to display the wrong colors to them? for instance, if they took a photograph with a digital camera and then viewed it on the screen, would the colors be "off" from what they see in reality? | yes in theory - a tetrachromat by definition would need four fixed primaries to match an arbitrary target color (like something they see in the world). but as far as the literature is concerned, [there's evidence for a single tetrachromat] (_url_0_) (and it's not perfectly convincing, though that is a cool paper). | 2 | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy"
] | [
"http://www.journalofvision.org/content/10/8/12.full"
] | [
-1.2221479415893555,
0.2871462106704712,
-0.5202919840812683,
-0.20098380744457245,
-0.1742231249809265,
0.05158977955579758,
0.05133579671382904,
0.24610310792922974,
0.48492342233657837,
-0.2884094715118408,
-0.18433290719985962,
-0.3898635804653168,
0.5510685443878174,
-0.10111129283905029,
0.3358443081378937,
-0.022675320506095886,
-0.25160354375839233,
0.1905725747346878,
-0.2941364645957947,
0.12322236597537994,
0.48223090171813965,
-0.0969122052192688,
-0.2668626308441162,
0.12483830004930496,
-0.13464747369289398,
-0.8241713047027588,
-0.05197088420391083,
-0.18346565961837769,
0.010084941983222961,
0.06163640320301056,
-0.36882877349853516,
0.8954808115959167,
-0.6723249554634094,
-0.018865883350372314,
0.022521980106830597,
-0.4214687943458557,
-0.22488056123256683,
0.4479338526725769,
0.5378587245941162,
0.32671546936035156,
0.376321017742157,
-0.7660697102546692,
-0.298310250043869,
0.5224589705467224,
-0.40207016468048096,
0.5184168219566345,
-0.1575765311717987,
1.1119356155395508,
-1.2604138851165771,
0.6255849003791809,
0.04852743446826935,
0.5763107538223267,
-0.6157159805297852,
0.2508905529975891,
-0.09693272411823273,
0.18722543120384216,
-0.20652496814727783,
-0.23044392466545105,
0.5750472545623779,
-0.5912527441978455,
0.4398340582847595,
0.5890127420425415,
-0.5140169858932495,
0.39252549409866333,
1.4450292587280273,
0.3301998972892761,
-0.4110051095485687,
0.00904162973165512,
0.3673803210258484,
0.6369125843048096,
1.0524849891662598,
-0.0714808776974678,
0.570387065410614,
0.9516974687576294,
-0.30800074338912964,
-0.7983065843582153,
-0.677208423614502,
0.5919420719146729,
-0.5401918888092041,
-0.21120226383209229,
-0.32631441950798035,
-0.7833245396614075,
0.2573803961277008,
-0.02343738079071045,
0.4384908676147461,
0.12569893896579742,
0.8634541034698486,
0.5442548394203186,
0.03038559854030609,
-0.276265025138855,
-0.14249415695667267,
0.5503950119018555,
0.16897889971733093,
0.34021228551864624,
-0.34773266315460205,
0.7235670685768127,
0.16008031368255615,
-0.3378863036632538,
-0.2548244297504425,
0.849875807762146,
-0.3605351448059082,
-0.0848216637969017,
-0.5149033665657043,
0.03387889266014099,
0.2815380394458771,
-0.8236071467399597,
-0.6525977849960327,
0.2808905839920044,
-0.0612059086561203,
-0.06168600171804428,
-0.1280507594347,
-0.7107000350952148,
0.141204833984375,
0.22174260020256042,
-0.1730203628540039,
-0.6859892010688782,
0.4747684597969055,
0.04029761254787445,
-0.05549180507659912,
-0.33741888403892517,
0.6331933736801147,
0.18286529183387756,
-0.4645395278930664,
-0.16858619451522827,
0.23530493676662445,
-0.03602978587150574,
0.03298954665660858,
0.7014908790588379,
0.6462380886077881,
1.1535594463348389,
0.41398555040359497,
-0.8963767886161804,
-0.1532968282699585,
0.16713634133338928,
-0.6505030393600464,
-0.7597219347953796,
0.09101654589176178,
0.6684786081314087,
-0.45801490545272827,
0.7618745565414429,
-0.07558789849281311,
0.45024362206459045,
-0.4489682912826538,
0.3548140525817871,
-0.018508434295654297,
0.36494821310043335,
-0.39502042531967163,
0.14829805493354797,
0.1019681841135025,
0.4510841965675354,
0.1318318098783493,
-0.1317307949066162,
-0.8247848153114319,
-0.20214225351810455,
-0.7039139866828918,
-0.4412497282028198,
-0.06359948217868805,
0.5230578184127808,
0.44359874725341797,
0.18990686535835266,
0.5256117582321167,
0.43879926204681396,
0.49797704815864563,
0.2703710198402405,
-0.10954386740922928,
-0.584017276763916,
-0.03155574947595596,
-0.10601170361042023,
0.5710670948028564,
0.11932884156703949,
0.5620899200439453,
-0.0876334011554718,
0.5041078329086304,
0.19744977355003357,
-0.9735998511314392,
-0.48902764916419983,
-1.2519793510437012,
0.5992786884307861,
0.3769746720790863,
0.5317901372909546,
0.141668438911438,
-0.4279216527938843,
0.2646602392196655,
-0.06974850594997406,
-0.41871774196624756,
0.17753446102142334,
0.6287211179733276,
-0.3710102140903473,
-0.3894675076007843,
0.059958040714263916,
-0.3468843102455139,
-0.38045528531074524,
-0.53550124168396,
0.4776427745819092,
-0.5743178725242615,
-0.5705603361129761,
0.4112304449081421,
-1.0259467363357544,
0.4234323501586914,
0.4711109399795532,
-0.6562144756317139,
-0.2410096526145935,
0.5760315656661987,
-0.6688736081123352,
0.6028980016708374,
-0.24683967232704163,
0.3698340654373169,
-0.8440155982971191,
-0.4635542631149292,
0.09724538028240204,
-0.18111583590507507,
-0.9795551300048828,
-0.774384081363678,
-0.6566663980484009,
0.5248784422874451,
0.5286315679550171,
-0.35258328914642334,
-0.8703757524490356,
0.471591591835022,
0.5151228904724121,
-1.1589425802230835,
-0.3356536030769348,
0.05554861202836037,
-1.0784075260162354,
-0.9472182393074036,
-0.35175907611846924,
0.20128490030765533,
1.1468727588653564,
-0.171152263879776,
0.1644544005393982,
0.20164668560028076,
-0.360043466091156,
0.5826566219329834,
0.9904070496559143,
0.39444372057914734,
-0.7778040766716003,
0.11485299468040466,
-0.6051806211471558,
0.15926094353199005,
-0.503928542137146,
0.05275551974773407,
0.3719358444213867,
-0.30295100808143616,
0.6677704453468323,
-0.21842500567436218,
-0.4689311981201172,
-0.8579830527305603,
0.777152419090271,
-0.45398634672164917,
0.6049262881278992,
-0.5073834657669067,
-1.0796468257904053,
-0.6466041207313538,
0.39365720748901367,
-0.18786370754241943,
-0.07954081892967224,
-0.4026404023170471,
0.04266021028161049,
0.024838220328092575,
0.3396947979927063,
0.8706035614013672,
0.23791275918483734,
-0.00012363865971565247,
0.00296860933303833,
0.6657902002334595,
0.3762085437774658,
0.2686783969402313,
0.06859782338142395,
-0.28781887888908386,
-0.3183000087738037,
0.10684141516685486,
0.28587472438812256,
-0.05017714947462082,
-0.1520812213420868,
0.8759356737136841,
0.10850571095943451,
0.7082563042640686,
-0.4255591034889221,
-0.494925856590271,
-0.1832364797592163,
-0.5593747496604919,
-0.6181665658950806,
-0.18064728379249573,
1.188976764678955,
0.06847193092107773,
0.013511832803487778,
-0.4682437777519226,
-0.34776929020881653,
0.3674948811531067,
-0.32881736755371094,
-0.4341420531272888,
0.8682811260223389,
0.2387245148420334,
-0.38204705715179443,
0.9575252532958984,
0.3350454866886139,
-0.011432290077209473,
-0.5714198350906372,
0.4296879470348358,
-0.6755638718605042,
0.15675587952136993,
0.059534065425395966,
-0.4536505341529846,
0.08385768532752991,
0.09075330942869186,
0.2353983372449875,
0.3260022699832916,
-0.15001559257507324,
0.9482124447822571,
-0.011981159448623657,
-0.5798951387405396,
-0.35507088899612427,
-0.027582287788391113,
0.6662701368331909,
-0.05623193830251694,
0.6016451716423035,
0.19648995995521545,
0.005962211638689041,
0.18035537004470825,
0.38882842659950256,
0.8855533599853516,
-0.1668568104505539,
-0.10243269056081772,
-0.419116348028183,
-0.24614086747169495,
0.23439791798591614,
0.12318656593561172,
-0.45958420634269714,
0.07776875793933868,
0.33987998962402344,
0.13087068498134613,
0.27371829748153687,
-0.19323232769966125,
-0.75963294506073,
0.22581462562084198,
0.2725473642349243,
-0.23469290137290955,
-0.8914424777030945,
-0.3464803993701935,
0.754384458065033,
-0.2027125358581543,
0.15945246815681458,
0.2294074147939682,
-0.41498881578445435,
0.5462161898612976,
0.30530112981796265,
-0.25463607907295227,
0.46839356422424316,
-0.1637115776538849,
0.45723652839660645,
-0.06326034665107727,
0.6000068187713623,
-0.09461581707000732,
0.03543219715356827,
0.7868361473083496,
-0.30657467246055603,
-0.38178372383117676,
0.3538087010383606,
-0.02884669415652752,
-0.5812081098556519,
-0.36007627844810486,
-0.18929845094680786,
-0.6979204416275024,
0.4579969644546509,
0.13074123859405518,
-0.07481202483177185,
-0.31658583879470825,
-0.33957046270370483,
-0.5077633857727051,
0.13471359014511108,
-0.28377437591552734,
0.27089256048202515,
-0.18457525968551636,
-0.6404199600219727,
-0.10989846289157867,
-0.3031197190284729,
0.41141968965530396,
0.396544873714447,
-0.6395970582962036,
-0.015272226184606552,
0.8743500709533691,
0.372259259223938,
1.3718599081039429,
0.4134189486503601
] |
why doesn't the scientific community at large view dmt and the strassman clinical trials as a more important discovery? | i've only recently been turned onto [dmt](_url_1_), and i've come to more or less the same conclusion as [this writer](_url_0_) and seen a lot of people online who seem to feel the same way. as someone who has a long history of schizophrenia in my family and have had bouts with sanity myself, i really think dmt is a hugely important discovery that needs all kinds of advanced scientific research not just for possible medical purposes, but also for a greater understanding of life and consciousness. it really just seems a terrible thing that there was only one in depth study and that it was then terminated and we never explored it further. in his book about the clinical trials, dr. strassman even says that in the 60's huge progress was being made in research on dmt as an endogenously produced schizotoxin, before being shut down because it was labelled a controlled substance... which in itself is insane, considering it occurs naturally in our body, and seems like a pretty sure bet as the cause of our dreams. not to mention the huge doses released at death. i would imagine that many scientists and the scientific community out of pure curiosity and desire to crack open so many mysteries would be dying to do more research on dmt, but is that the case and is there a real push for more extensive research? or are we to just dismiss this seemingly incredible discovery and only have one, fairly short study on it? is it mostly a political issue because it is labelled as a drug? | no, there are no political issues with it being a controlled substance. there are plenty of controlled substances that are routinely used in medicine (most anesthetics for starters). it's not much of a barrier to scientific research either. you do need a permit, but that's not usually a problem for any serious, well-thought-out research done by a reputable person/institution. (if it's not, you'd be unlikely to get funding for it anyway) i don't know the circumstances of why strassman's study was "shut down", but wouldn't be simply because he was studying a controlled substance. maybe he didn't have a permit, maybe he was refused one because his research simply wasn't deemed good enough. or maybe he was refused funding for that or some other reason, and chose to self-servingly interpret it as a "political" move rather than accept that others might not have seen the same potential in his work that he did. there's any number of reasons that are a lot more plausible than dmt being a scheduled substance. because that's not really a problem. if you actually look, you'll also find [lots of recent papers](_url_1_) studying dmt in various ways. so it's being studied. the question is: what is it you think should be studied, how, and why? i'm pretty sure that despite what the article says, it hasn't been "proven in scientifically-documented, placebo controlled research studies to transport human beings out of their current physical and mental state into what can only be described as an alternate plain of existence", unless you mean that yes, it's a psychedelic drug. [wikipedia tells me](_url_0_) that dr strassman apparently has some wild conjectures on the substance and it's role, ones that don't have any supporting evidence or mainstream support. so if you're asking why the "scientific community at large" don't study this thing more, then that's your answer: because there's no evidence of these speculative theories, and because most of those who do study these things don't believe it's true. it's good that you care about schizophrenia - i assure you the people studying it full-time do as well! but the fact that you apparently appreciate it as a recreational drug isn't an argument for why these researchers should drop what they consider to be more fruitful avenues of research and focus on that. having written a popular book on the topic isn't either. people can write anything they want in a book, they can speculate freely, distort the facts, and present their wildest ideas free of criticism or dissent. so it should be taken with a large amount of salt. it's not at all difficult for an expert (in anything) to convince a layperson about almost anything in that area, since they simply lack the knowledge to dispute it. as long as it _sounds_ plausible, you'll believe it. _especially_ if the expert is telling you something you want to hear. you don't even need to know what you're talking about if you're able to convince the person that you are: that's how frauds, quacks, snake-oil salesmen and all kinds of pseudoscience stay in business. so that's why laypeople don't get to decide what scientists do or who gets funding. by-and-large, the system works and things that (are generally believed to be) the most promising research ideas are the ones that get support and funding. it's naturally not foolproof - we can't predict the future, we can only act to the best of our current knowledge. bad decisions certainly happen, but they're seldom caused by petty things like "oh, that's a recreational drug, and drugs are bad". i don't know any scientist who'd turn down a potentially big discovery, in particular not for that reason. mostly, bad decisions are caused by, well, stuff like this: because you have someone who's much better at _selling_ his/her ideas than the ideas would merit, given a level-headed assessment. because they have a theory that people would _like_ to believe is true. because they over-exaggerate the importance of what they're doing and it's relevance, and get people caught up in flights-of-fancy. in short, because scientists are human beings too, and as such are susceptible to the same cognitive biases as everyone else. they're just more aware of it, and therefore manage to avoid falling for it as often. a good scientist typically tries to be _more_ skeptical of something if they know they'd like it to be true, since our natural impulse is to do the opposite. of course, as far as neurochemistry or what-have-you is concerned, i'm more or less a layperson as well. you shouldn't trust _my_ opinion on whether or not dmt is worthy of more study. i don't actually hold an opinion on that, though. what i _do_ have, is a _trust_ that the people who _are_ experts, who've spent years and years, full-time, studying this and related things, and who _are_ in a position to properly assess whatever potential you think dmt might have, are entirely capable of doing so, and aren't being prejudiced by irrelevant things like the fact that its' a recreational drug. i suppose i have that trust because i've spent a similar amount of time acquiring as similar amount of expertise in my own field. so i know how little i actually once knew compared to what i know now, and it gives me an idea of how little i must know about _their_ stuff. naturally, you're free to study the subject, acquire the same level of expertise, and make your own assessment. but the odds are you'll come to the same opinions on dr strassman's ideas as the current majority does. can't the majority be wrong? of course! but that doesn't mean the opinion of a random layperson should be given equal weight. if you're getting surgery, would you want the treatment most doctors recommend, or would you rather listen to the opinion of a guy on the street who was enticed by a flashy commercial? tl;dr: dmt _is_ studied. the reason it's not being given the attention strassman apparently thinks it should, is simply because he has not managed to convince the scientific community of his ideas to the extent he may have swayed some of the general public. | 13 | [] | [
"http://www.collapsenet.com/free-resources/collapsenet-public-access/item/8207-dmt-continue-ignoring-at-your-own-cost-ciyoc",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine"
] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine#Conjecture",
"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_ylo=2011&q=Dimethyltryptamine&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5"
] | [
0.6301047205924988,
-1.6774075031280518,
-7.4235053062438965,
-2.265316963195801,
2.6531267166137695,
-7.226651668548584,
0.49550768733024597,
0.9810565114021301,
3.6978201866149902,
-0.8537033200263977,
3.6741559505462646,
5.5311689376831055,
0.7795037031173706,
1.560962438583374,
-0.8655093312263489,
-3.7006561756134033,
4.746835708618164,
-11.459806442260742,
-11.498602867126465,
10.30843448638916,
-8.572843551635742,
3.411849021911621,
10.752716064453125,
-0.6507794260978699,
-1.735336184501648,
-2.935166120529175,
2.618832588195801,
-6.021815776824951,
-10.558456420898438,
3.975358009338379,
-0.7490124702453613,
10.415664672851562,
-0.8335837125778198,
-5.978355884552002,
-4.888643741607666,
3.580709457397461,
-0.0707750916481018,
6.299074649810791,
5.232264518737793,
-0.6374185085296631,
-1.1396715641021729,
-0.26616835594177246,
-4.8784637451171875,
9.876618385314941,
-0.47953808307647705,
0.14080093801021576,
3.4002838134765625,
-5.7914228439331055,
-9.530651092529297,
-3.329118013381958,
-7.301684379577637,
-4.718059062957764,
-2.1917123794555664,
-3.4109749794006348,
-3.3813838958740234,
-6.570174217224121,
1.4725459814071655,
1.0554054975509644,
-3.233851194381714,
3.41410231590271,
-0.5318645238876343,
-0.08596625924110413,
-10.925477027893066,
4.631013870239258,
10.277917861938477,
6.5141801834106445,
-2.942795991897583,
-7.268287181854248,
2.2230865955352783,
7.555083274841309,
12.279165267944336,
-2.624044179916382,
1.2249051332473755,
10.30734920501709,
3.7672054767608643,
-3.296598196029663,
1.7792117595672607,
3.0676345825195312,
5.20815372467041,
-7.5518670082092285,
1.3632668256759644,
-1.0556817054748535,
-0.9259275794029236,
3.1849889755249023,
-2.8614563941955566,
0.6434217691421509,
1.509482502937317,
8.516127586364746,
2.6776463985443115,
-2.1455557346343994,
-1.5668895244598389,
-3.676103115081787,
6.480050086975098,
-4.955469131469727,
-0.8116543292999268,
6.801576137542725,
-2.0706071853637695,
-4.239682674407959,
-4.712263107299805,
-0.08768318593502045,
-11.135071754455566,
4.743825912475586,
-10.040579795837402,
-4.829891204833984,
2.2302398681640625,
-9.93925952911377,
1.309740424156189,
2.192713975906372,
2.8700525760650635,
-3.062380790710449,
-8.101604461669922,
-1.3635523319244385,
2.0725908279418945,
-5.34892463684082,
3.2808375358581543,
-1.265213131904602,
-7.397523880004883,
2.812922239303589,
-0.42389512062072754,
-10.853532791137695,
-0.47585606575012207,
5.369300365447998,
5.700450420379639,
0.4821448028087616,
6.894080638885498,
-4.343607425689697,
-8.7842378616333,
10.602380752563477,
3.657330274581909,
12.564986228942871,
4.483785629272461,
-8.105911254882812,
-0.5227224826812744,
4.051725387573242,
-2.09389591217041,
-6.678825378417969,
12.681394577026367,
-2.468865156173706,
-2.985137462615967,
12.32160758972168,
6.399113655090332,
12.003373146057129,
4.254672527313232,
11.116890907287598,
-8.272629737854004,
10.286310195922852,
1.4948797225952148,
-1.453691005706787,
4.299760341644287,
-3.975604295730591,
-1.9301912784576416,
-2.569019079208374,
-0.20444999635219574,
-8.5659761428833,
-0.19565078616142273,
0.270038366317749,
0.4561809301376343,
1.3247736692428589,
-4.914297580718994,
4.559184551239014,
-7.177212715148926,
-2.2642903327941895,
0.359125554561615,
7.181625843048096,
0.534735381603241,
2.5625529289245605,
-1.7598333358764648,
-6.4546613693237305,
8.106850624084473,
4.8844451904296875,
0.7095803022384644,
-3.949805498123169,
2.1802284717559814,
1.751145839691162,
-5.746516227722168,
-9.018067359924316,
-14.909710884094238,
-0.5116503238677979,
1.852764368057251,
5.985828399658203,
2.4967803955078125,
-5.6193132400512695,
1.1084508895874023,
7.187596321105957,
-3.7044172286987305,
1.9401649236679077,
0.7316194772720337,
-1.1079157590866089,
1.8229315280914307,
3.839783191680908,
-6.1627421379089355,
3.3547565937042236,
-6.627288818359375,
3.8825643062591553,
-6.290335655212402,
-3.6483614444732666,
2.3132681846618652,
-3.120697259902954,
-6.986462116241455,
0.40457552671432495,
-14.778308868408203,
-3.6335396766662598,
-2.8997409343719482,
-12.254124641418457,
-1.4098033905029297,
0.2014220952987671,
8.123528480529785,
-3.363656520843506,
0.879237711429596,
-5.323788166046143,
-1.8739886283874512,
-2.477797746658325,
-9.665816307067871,
2.909261703491211,
5.23148250579834,
1.914473533630371,
-6.058088779449463,
3.010068416595459,
0.8576492071151733,
2.3560235500335693,
-11.559791564941406,
-8.632505416870117,
-0.2964473366737366,
-11.025274276733398,
-15.996004104614258,
-6.953668117523193,
2.343308925628662,
9.33967399597168,
-1.6051770448684692,
6.061928749084473,
0.5598145127296448,
-7.842907905578613,
10.278486251831055,
4.938179016113281,
-2.872399091720581,
-7.156337738037109,
8.598834037780762,
-4.844331741333008,
-4.218291282653809,
-7.748618125915527,
-10.174420356750488,
1.873317003250122,
-5.067188739776611,
2.027589797973633,
-4.48771333694458,
5.977239608764648,
-0.2171548753976822,
-0.4454386532306671,
0.0009512901306152344,
4.733259677886963,
-5.4236555099487305,
-0.7544485926628113,
-2.371220827102661,
0.8007133603096008,
-0.7643330097198486,
7.289253234863281,
-14.215108871459961,
-2.207280397415161,
0.03234279155731201,
8.492706298828125,
7.482710361480713,
4.086565017700195,
-8.16756534576416,
-0.8137330412864685,
6.722304821014404,
6.329450607299805,
-5.436151504516602,
-1.8306632041931152,
-6.320827484130859,
0.594784140586853,
-2.7492504119873047,
-0.819561243057251,
11.284292221069336,
-4.01609992980957,
7.815163612365723,
7.986363887786865,
3.5199761390686035,
-6.159935474395752,
-5.961166858673096,
-4.266902923583984,
4.233130931854248,
-14.688228607177734,
3.719829559326172,
5.062406539916992,
8.587469100952148,
0.9519016742706299,
-4.0045647621154785,
-3.063166618347168,
-1.141808271408081,
-0.0016853725537657738,
1.2963485717773438,
16.125402450561523,
3.530503988265991,
-1.6390316486358643,
14.71397876739502,
-6.82114315032959,
-2.2449824810028076,
-2.697749614715576,
5.229853630065918,
7.546356678009033,
-0.045378267765045166,
-10.94015884399414,
-4.3981428146362305,
-1.2837936878204346,
4.553623199462891,
-4.474785327911377,
3.6829938888549805,
2.7399580478668213,
2.5779669284820557,
4.069596767425537,
-3.2104735374450684,
-8.680119514465332,
4.3781418800354,
4.832600116729736,
-1.5319253206253052,
0.9590759873390198,
-9.2421875,
-2.901932954788208,
-1.1066399812698364,
5.284332275390625,
7.747159481048584,
-1.8259507417678833,
6.536914825439453,
11.82660961151123,
-0.6654306650161743,
2.4465620517730713,
-2.315330743789673,
-2.207718849182129,
-7.043000221252441,
6.656577110290527,
-6.811131954193115,
5.50254487991333,
-3.8189046382904053,
3.0421061515808105,
4.606374740600586,
8.224120140075684,
3.082601547241211,
-3.418429136276245,
-6.116225242614746,
9.306131362915039,
4.310231685638428,
2.2267096042633057,
3.2399048805236816,
0.889896035194397,
4.342392444610596,
6.741769313812256,
6.763919830322266,
7.481617450714111,
-1.1924618482589722,
10.31601333618164,
-1.8313343524932861,
10.446975708007812,
-3.657097101211548,
3.3325448036193848,
12.337358474731445,
-11.591272354125977,
-2.822192430496216,
5.967349529266357,
3.48517107963562,
-4.800589561462402,
-5.354989051818848,
1.4844328165054321,
-0.8007410764694214,
21.668519973754883,
-0.09216028451919556,
1.6850297451019287,
-6.179022312164307,
-5.753358364105225,
-0.22072887420654297,
1.6419000625610352,
5.695137023925781,
0.46891769766807556,
3.6378791332244873,
-8.111397743225098,
2.4777309894561768,
6.099762916564941,
2.648319959640503,
-3.2803151607513428,
-21.53370475769043,
-0.7190141677856445,
8.638181686401367,
-2.2448196411132812,
13.945913314819336,
1.7737208604812622
] |
why are rechargeable versions of aa/aaa 1.2v instead of 1.5v? | i was looking at some rechargeable batteries and they all said they were only 1.2v. i realise they work in my devices, but is that 0.3v difference not a problem? | it has to do with the chemistry and how the batteries discharge. alkaline cells have a nominal voltage of 1.5 but the voltage drops off relatively quickly as the cell discharged. nickel-cadminum or nickel metal hydride start at a lower voltage but lose voltage more slowly as they discharge. so most devices that use alkaline cells can make do with the 1.2 volts that rechargeables provide. _url_0_ | 13 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.greenbatteries.com/nimh-battery-faq/#substitute"
] | [
-1.6148831844329834,
1.107686996459961,
-0.42360734939575195,
1.3890596628189087,
-0.5681970715522766,
-0.8173049092292786,
0.3877559006214142,
1.1259318590164185,
-0.1387661248445511,
0.1054551973938942,
-0.701171875,
0.19341568648815155,
-0.16912835836410522,
0.3544512093067169,
-0.5015830397605896,
0.41637304425239563,
-0.4611850380897522,
0.5771300792694092,
-0.822706401348114,
-0.5381389856338501,
0.9513884782791138,
-0.3709412217140198,
-0.09668755531311035,
-1.1423914432525635,
0.4882175326347351,
-0.9303297996520996,
-0.9270310401916504,
1.118044137954712,
-0.5001165866851807,
-0.46893587708473206,
0.4287014305591583,
0.8796712160110474,
-1.2318294048309326,
0.43370139598846436,
0.13353008031845093,
-0.002282962203025818,
0.3795734643936157,
-0.6886831521987915,
-1.4359086751937866,
-1.124529480934143,
0.1546940803527832,
0.17514052987098694,
-1.0556238889694214,
1.5722606182098389,
-0.01142263412475586,
0.5991273522377014,
1.3190956115722656,
-0.9845563173294067,
0.07305736094713211,
-0.4808335602283478,
0.3814769983291626,
0.777337908744812,
-0.3805354833602905,
0.8989285230636597,
-0.3371517062187195,
-0.43200773000717163,
0.037452638149261475,
0.47538015246391296,
0.8896933794021606,
-0.0007701665163040161,
-0.8870515823364258,
-0.2647920250892639,
0.168077290058136,
0.6500860452651978,
0.009350746870040894,
-0.4460308253765106,
0.6747938990592957,
-0.7239784598350525,
-0.6388558745384216,
-0.480616956949234,
-0.8148583173751831,
-0.34463170170783997,
-1.006256103515625,
0.15286719799041748,
0.20718663930892944,
1.615017294883728,
-1.4146676063537598,
0.6775451898574829,
0.09346833825111389,
-0.3845207095146179,
-0.08600826561450958,
0.3071640729904175,
1.039609432220459,
-0.33286550641059875,
0.6766504049301147,
1.3709087371826172,
0.343697190284729,
-0.16954834759235382,
-0.6191940307617188,
-0.31856778264045715,
-0.44020289182662964,
0.6609572768211365,
0.08526360988616943,
0.1199844479560852,
0.17291000485420227,
0.1393837034702301,
1.96370530128479,
-0.6501500606536865,
-0.566676914691925,
0.12231757491827011,
0.18584761023521423,
0.08409090340137482,
-1.8125026226043701,
0.16688893735408783,
-0.3490278720855713,
0.015810370445251465,
1.1446754932403564,
0.9612294435501099,
-0.45859861373901367,
-0.13773944973945618,
1.1295278072357178,
-0.17701806128025055,
-0.6503965258598328,
-0.16817376017570496,
0.7627928853034973,
1.1114715337753296,
-0.41397637128829956,
-0.2552056908607483,
0.34043776988983154,
0.5690017938613892,
-0.31038135290145874,
0.12071793526411057,
-0.2875708341598511,
0.3266522288322449,
0.5331846475601196,
-0.656156063079834,
2.375309467315674,
0.7106917500495911,
0.10240700840950012,
0.00010388344526290894,
-0.03639797866344452,
0.30651289224624634,
0.39121973514556885,
0.4736088514328003,
-0.1328645795583725,
1.256982684135437,
0.8108202815055847,
-0.3212793171405792,
-1.145085096359253,
0.6169131994247437,
-0.18179039657115936,
0.7598641514778137,
-0.5269911885261536,
-1.1630783081054688,
-0.3759411871433258,
-0.14673805236816406,
-0.5170482397079468,
-0.3624497652053833,
0.23989315330982208,
0.6100539565086365,
-0.10048550367355347,
-0.30806705355644226,
0.22430580854415894,
0.45681923627853394,
0.3117179870605469,
-0.8993722200393677,
0.6567549109458923,
1.0313847064971924,
0.248426154255867,
-0.6207345724105835,
-0.34917151927948,
-0.07970455288887024,
-0.9275627136230469,
1.4761790037155151,
-0.6239749789237976,
0.10981890559196472,
-0.4486216902732849,
0.03387361764907837,
-1.1411945819854736,
0.5781193375587463,
-0.373690128326416,
-0.579420804977417,
0.8748054504394531,
-0.826282799243927,
-0.22964653372764587,
-0.6679484248161316,
0.039637595415115356,
0.18581309914588928,
-0.2160162329673767,
0.4438666105270386,
-0.348141074180603,
0.8869159817695618,
0.4579097330570221,
-0.2528136372566223,
-1.1608446836471558,
0.18312335014343262,
1.1998144388198853,
0.6648591756820679,
-0.28783077001571655,
0.6864789128303528,
-1.7442233562469482,
0.4475112557411194,
-0.07112082839012146,
-0.6272751092910767,
0.04654639959335327,
-0.1278098225593567,
-1.394362449645996,
0.39799514412879944,
-0.024435028433799744,
-0.9419044852256775,
0.40256980061531067,
-0.37171006202697754,
-0.2353745400905609,
1.128697395324707,
0.846583902835846,
-0.5865105390548706,
-0.6261566877365112,
-0.05955727398395538,
-2.108449935913086,
-1.241573691368103,
0.19712750613689423,
-0.9607523083686829,
-0.1043773889541626,
-1.3200008869171143,
0.09515094757080078,
0.2064547836780548,
-0.8038595914840698,
-0.13200871646404266,
-0.45025426149368286,
0.7922101616859436,
0.5545105338096619,
-0.3834754228591919,
0.4580763578414917,
-1.2160470485687256,
0.2649391293525696,
0.2921823561191559,
-0.4888880252838135,
1.4401602745056152,
-0.8541566729545593,
1.3330044746398926,
-0.34506022930145264,
-0.058134451508522034,
0.08680620789527893,
1.2503482103347778,
0.5849502086639404,
0.801266074180603,
-0.8196385502815247,
-0.45179998874664307,
0.44962599873542786,
-0.5799821615219116,
-0.6800897121429443,
-0.1231004074215889,
0.49330392479896545,
1.053997278213501,
-1.417414903640747,
1.4929615259170532,
-0.23094312846660614,
0.6407577991485596,
0.8896514177322388,
1.8186030387878418,
-0.2401595115661621,
1.0811887979507446,
0.8286998271942139,
0.851855993270874,
0.5026392340660095,
0.2988656163215637,
-0.2789490520954132,
0.21766658127307892,
1.103943943977356,
-0.6866103410720825,
-0.18838967382907867,
0.6111690998077393,
0.09349419921636581,
-0.0430067777633667,
1.0372074842453003,
0.2214999496936798,
-0.16708669066429138,
0.9783709645271301,
-1.2538068294525146,
0.5918097496032715,
-0.050191283226013184,
-0.07150965929031372,
0.341796338558197,
-0.03566114604473114,
1.8788042068481445,
-0.4229850172996521,
-0.8120653629302979,
-0.45179200172424316,
0.23296421766281128,
-0.31003791093826294,
0.6885197162628174,
0.7420802116394043,
-1.5372540950775146,
0.032657600939273834,
-0.47233840823173523,
-0.1077088713645935,
0.6050979495048523,
-2.171830654144287,
-0.813288152217865,
-0.5040442943572998,
-0.13148021697998047,
0.4830870032310486,
0.5234875679016113,
-0.19970354437828064,
0.4191250801086426,
0.8327391147613525,
0.014552950859069824,
-1.3904345035552979,
-0.24203647673130035,
-0.8719275593757629,
0.572998046875,
-0.4709749221801758,
-1.487950325012207,
-1.516776442527771,
0.05660764127969742,
1.162902593612671,
0.1623464673757553,
0.1639782339334488,
1.3410239219665527,
-1.398005723953247,
0.2069317102432251,
-0.34944525361061096,
0.9438176155090332,
-0.7586743831634521,
-0.6301244497299194,
0.15087300539016724,
-0.25221991539001465,
1.2623471021652222,
0.05450248718261719,
-0.1220996156334877,
0.3365212082862854,
0.6545639634132385,
0.9277276396751404,
1.0205456018447876,
0.023883596062660217,
-0.0104827880859375,
0.10858526825904846,
0.4496743679046631,
-0.2931438684463501,
-0.8210780620574951,
2.0768966674804688,
-0.5909246802330017,
0.7280018329620361,
-0.6202313899993896,
0.7554935812950134,
1.6310265064239502,
-0.8946206569671631,
-1.106325387954712,
-0.05727265775203705,
-1.2984442710876465,
-0.9681384563446045,
0.18577608466148376,
-0.4827674627304077,
0.6114035844802856,
0.6318175792694092,
-0.24930480122566223,
0.2431839257478714,
-0.9686439037322998,
-0.3060126304626465,
-0.8019312620162964,
0.34736210107803345,
0.7478599548339844,
0.1544484794139862,
1.6411449909210205,
-0.23055407404899597,
-0.059598565101623535,
-0.1353628933429718,
0.17123478651046753,
0.6010379195213318,
-0.19575181603431702,
-1.2645025253295898,
-0.4384511113166809,
-0.4080321788787842,
0.11205130815505981,
-0.8349746465682983,
0.1553974449634552,
0.26381927728652954,
0.4463430345058441,
-1.337619423866272,
0.8086057305335999,
0.6462314128875732,
0.7127498388290405,
0.14655715227127075,
0.9038394689559937,
-0.28180399537086487,
-1.0616860389709473,
-1.1186740398406982,
-1.1041715145111084,
-1.192555546760559,
-0.47700753808021545,
-0.3048129081726074,
0.6691036820411682,
1.075291395187378,
-0.7882093191146851
] |
physics question. finding phase constant. | given that 0 < = φ < 2π , what values of φ satisfy x(0)=0? which of those also satisfies that dx/dt < 0 at x=0? | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.4515845775604248,
0.36009013652801514,
0.13821309804916382,
-0.04129871726036072,
-0.5433264970779419,
-0.17736361920833588,
0.3465355932712555,
-0.0107035543769598,
0.019496088847517967,
-0.1618664264678955,
0.30633294582366943,
-0.32884395122528076,
-0.01924549788236618,
0.23355065286159515,
0.16776499152183533,
-0.19759850203990936,
0.16168691217899323,
-0.5076124668121338,
-0.16953638195991516,
-0.06700292974710464,
0.28526780009269714,
-0.1630311906337738,
-0.049043919891119,
-0.17809990048408508,
0.17557431757450104,
0.04780777171254158,
0.26516950130462646,
0.39290618896484375,
0.4657110273838043,
0.07199855148792267,
-0.18374453485012054,
0.10425229370594025,
0.012061551213264465,
-0.05485079064965248,
-0.09636407345533371,
0.06872600317001343,
-0.024041946977376938,
0.3268337547779083,
-0.01079594437032938,
0.21274758875370026,
-0.04558253660798073,
-0.13526798784732819,
0.21237768232822418,
0.01008178573101759,
0.18465937674045563,
-0.17496033012866974,
-0.23129543662071228,
-0.03040064126253128,
0.09598323702812195,
0.2267332226037979,
0.4981178343296051,
0.39724022150039673,
0.08744960278272629,
0.08473273366689682,
0.024509718641638756,
-0.09867983311414719,
-0.2911141812801361,
-0.3272625803947449,
-0.3065353333950043,
-0.08613917231559753,
0.08534185588359833,
0.14079120755195618,
0.04396769031882286,
0.2655492126941681,
0.3487333655357361,
0.015900246798992157,
0.042037833482027054,
-0.1985584795475006,
-0.14084044098854065,
0.2794526219367981,
-0.2924099266529083,
0.07060383260250092,
-0.17888864874839783,
-0.11484459042549133,
0.015530073083937168,
-0.0731319785118103,
0.23828506469726562,
-0.07484957575798035,
-0.15175959467887878,
0.061108700931072235,
0.25481167435646057,
-0.3419366478919983,
-0.09357931464910507,
0.23909719288349152,
-0.2768474817276001,
0.10294085741043091,
0.24857115745544434,
-0.017757995054125786,
0.6599586606025696,
-0.037144556641578674,
-0.006086504552513361,
0.028396964073181152,
-0.8964253067970276,
0.10013201832771301,
-0.04329533502459526,
0.015624082647264004,
0.15144850313663483,
-0.035994186997413635,
-0.06515059620141983,
0.08637190610170364,
0.006124471314251423,
-0.025580478832125664,
-0.4884733557701111,
-0.1726042777299881,
-0.19223164021968842,
0.13825713098049164,
-0.10386747866868973,
-0.13148492574691772,
0.06998205929994583,
0.04948228970170021,
-0.39012765884399414,
-0.2964373826980591,
0.35570886731147766,
0.1837214231491089,
-0.25643065571784973,
-0.4522545337677002,
0.2804785668849945,
0.3811984360218048,
-0.13123385608196259,
-0.3924841284751892,
-0.16094985604286194,
-0.2342538833618164,
0.2253105640411377,
-0.11561479419469833,
0.04618850350379944,
-0.22989951074123383,
-0.12668593227863312,
-0.03417673707008362,
-0.22087633609771729,
-0.24572254717350006,
0.41202881932258606,
-0.28264737129211426,
0.08822745829820633,
0.13085612654685974,
0.3192105293273926,
-0.003113547107204795,
-0.07127963751554489,
0.1310839056968689,
-0.17779502272605896,
0.10957682132720947,
0.06169993430376053,
-0.2316066324710846,
-0.05524127930402756,
0.11330471187829971,
0.04114311933517456,
0.05923395976424217,
-0.4969688355922699,
0.26777732372283936,
-0.07730955630540848,
0.05038182809948921,
0.08457117527723312,
0.24416764080524445,
0.10186029225587845,
-0.007337897550314665,
-0.17003773152828217,
0.0065613603219389915,
-0.4206305742263794,
-0.1697338968515396,
-0.0018476780969649553,
-0.07914412766695023,
-0.14715267717838287,
0.09544660896062851,
-0.2759108245372772,
0.32256650924682617,
0.004680869169533253,
0.3112696707248688,
0.12191467732191086,
-0.08291029185056686,
-0.21505354344844818,
-0.020785976201295853,
0.21489360928535461,
-0.3450111746788025,
0.02474762313067913,
0.001369113102555275,
0.5082509517669678,
-0.3187570869922638,
-0.033988408744335175,
0.05018491670489311,
-0.20937593281269073,
0.2950987219810486,
0.1394837349653244,
0.05622652545571327,
0.5100594162940979,
0.005606493446975946,
0.2879195809364319,
0.19785331189632416,
-0.1529468446969986,
0.40370577573776245,
-0.2332395762205124,
-0.17937219142913818,
-0.13104957342147827,
-0.45465725660324097,
-0.4399808943271637,
0.027758410200476646,
0.10140492022037506,
-0.9034152626991272,
0.2551341652870178,
0.29366177320480347,
0.1843061000108719,
0.14868241548538208,
-0.023378031328320503,
-0.3384145200252533,
0.2107156664133072,
-0.10036713629961014,
0.12460127472877502,
0.11205469071865082,
0.45712101459503174,
-0.2873959541320801,
-0.34646376967430115,
0.05857975035905838,
0.047674521803855896,
-0.16628801822662354,
0.29656535387039185,
-0.23080676794052124,
0.05710830166935921,
-0.07058119028806686,
0.09012453258037567,
-0.10939611494541168,
-0.2871936559677124,
0.034872982650995255,
-0.4570815861225128,
0.11145072430372238,
-0.07820966839790344,
0.08910610526800156,
-0.24860014021396637,
0.2451944500207901,
-0.24098554253578186,
-0.12591764330863953,
-0.026548299938440323,
0.13132132589817047,
0.5410477519035339,
-0.19657190144062042,
0.40741655230522156,
0.17253084480762482,
-0.0163317508995533,
0.2787507474422455,
-0.2645230293273926,
0.2528505027294159,
-0.5096103549003601,
-0.18735185265541077,
0.08628836274147034,
-0.38633137941360474,
-0.3124646842479706,
-0.21518561244010925,
0.20783601701259613,
0.9981066584587097,
0.07396237552165985,
0.18383079767227173,
0.0834457129240036,
0.19833120703697205,
0.02809518203139305,
0.08730216324329376,
-0.020418230444192886,
-0.09005769342184067,
0.13266509771347046,
-0.04710572957992554,
0.4666493833065033,
0.02115817740559578,
-0.13080856204032898,
-0.11264492571353912,
0.386694073677063,
0.3094587028026581,
0.17462781071662903,
0.2638385593891144,
-0.056319862604141235,
-0.07568509131669998,
0.2536477744579315,
0.14118093252182007,
-0.11222036182880402,
-0.16316168010234833,
0.36464670300483704,
-0.252172589302063,
0.35648873448371887,
-0.2317039966583252,
-0.2809927463531494,
-0.45003384351730347,
0.2110462784767151,
0.39627376198768616,
0.0995931625366211,
-0.06405026465654373,
-0.5592199563980103,
-0.039945993572473526,
-0.10536153614521027,
-0.20998500287532806,
-0.0681365355849266,
-0.2183501422405243,
0.24349822103977203,
0.12348665297031403,
-0.09089697152376175,
0.017999863252043724,
0.1206464096903801,
0.16223350167274475,
0.25911423563957214,
0.2110588550567627,
-0.04514571279287338,
0.14070841670036316,
0.051805347204208374,
-0.405545175075531,
0.30862298607826233,
0.2976142466068268,
-0.12618540227413177,
0.45232081413269043,
0.2708643078804016,
-0.08212287724018097,
-0.04281638562679291,
-0.009028824046254158,
-0.16204804182052612,
0.34777843952178955,
0.2013254314661026,
-0.3650301992893219,
0.021261179819703102,
-0.0378282330930233,
0.03361405059695244,
0.09543026238679886,
0.34894663095474243,
0.3135782778263092,
-0.48031046986579895,
-0.15560007095336914,
0.04490143060684204,
0.464079350233078,
-0.08382556587457657,
-0.40106403827667236,
-0.5496223568916321,
-0.37935754656791687,
-0.10159450024366379,
0.1104360967874527,
0.2644975483417511,
-0.8419324159622192,
0.20637163519859314,
0.06731455028057098,
-0.13567280769348145,
0.34091702103614807,
-0.1329374462366104,
-0.22236424684524536,
0.10182208567857742,
-0.3241019546985626,
-0.22015634179115295,
0.0857825055718422,
-0.19401253759860992,
-0.203215092420578,
-0.14876718819141388,
-0.3280441462993622,
-0.40154609084129333,
-0.13478098809719086,
0.07066452503204346,
0.023127511143684387,
-0.1583980768918991,
-0.4444108009338379,
-0.24831408262252808,
-0.3670302927494049,
0.19154980778694153,
0.17474979162216187,
0.19167886674404144,
-0.04689902439713478,
0.985572099685669,
-0.267667680978775,
0.09256894886493683,
-0.0422007218003273,
0.120235376060009,
0.12217867374420166,
0.015247518196702003,
-0.2252008467912674,
-0.2533826231956482,
0.26232385635375977,
-0.3775816559791565,
0.09451350569725037,
0.12146776914596558,
0.1434597373008728,
0.07497978210449219,
-0.2495361566543579,
-0.3704693019390106,
0.2487434595823288,
-0.35213881731033325,
-0.4254259169101715,
-0.06158802658319473,
-0.2279616892337799,
-0.2442050278186798,
0.2986689507961273,
0.21610590815544128,
-0.1829061210155487,
0.17472457885742188,
0.1301557570695877,
0.6145449876785278,
-0.010510461404919624
] |
|
where is the energy released in this scenario? | say that i tie a rope from the back of a truck to a large tree -- too large to be uprooted by the pulling power of the truck. assume that i am pushing the pedal so that the truck is exerting some pulling power on the tree, but the wheels retain traction and are not spinning against the dirt (and the tree is not uprooted). when i rev the engine of the truck, the engine is working and the rope's tension absorbs some of the energy, but surely not all of it. the engine is still "working," while the wheels are not spinning. now granted, my actual knowledge on this subject is virtually non-existent, but in my head, i am imagining the process to turn the wheels (ultra-simplified) as a series of gears all turning each other, the last of which is the axle itself. why, whilst the vehicle is in gear, can the engine be revved without resulting in the tires spinning? where is the energy generated by the engine going, if it is not turning the wheels? | not an engineer, here, but if having your truck in gear means that there is a direct line of force being applied to the tires, then you would not be able to brake your truck to a halt without stopping all motion in the truck, and therefore stop the engine from turning over. so there must be a system in place that allows the force being applied to the axle to slip if there is a certain amount of restraining force on the tires. the drag from the tree coupled with the weight of the truck and it's grip on the ground must cause enough friction vs the work force of the engine to let the applied force "slip". in this case the energy transferred by the engine is dissipating in exhaust heat, fumes, and physical force in the engine that isn't sufficient to overcome the "slip" barrier and turn your tires. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.5283432006835938,
0.7118844985961914,
1.5325934886932373,
0.5092235803604126,
0.2910321354866028,
-1.59774649143219,
1.2744076251983643,
1.5819021463394165,
0.4299749732017517,
-0.6287994384765625,
0.6200258731842041,
3.098916530609131,
0.5439419150352478,
0.7045814990997314,
-0.17076680064201355,
0.4585671126842499,
-1.6163567304611206,
0.1649913787841797,
-1.1932291984558105,
0.14576470851898193,
1.723921775817871,
1.2001723051071167,
-0.8389597535133362,
0.0638103038072586,
-3.9989712238311768,
1.3775641918182373,
0.1804024577140808,
1.4467891454696655,
1.2595714330673218,
-0.1132330596446991,
-2.418731689453125,
0.05330266058444977,
-2.16452693939209,
0.5126134157180786,
-1.0226504802703857,
0.4303652048110962,
-1.743248701095581,
-0.8921346068382263,
0.39184993505477905,
-1.2089592218399048,
-1.1101064682006836,
-1.8582615852355957,
-0.708242654800415,
-0.30582427978515625,
1.2819693088531494,
3.0524163246154785,
2.150416374206543,
-0.5071842670440674,
0.8725817203521729,
-2.3606555461883545,
1.04469895362854,
0.8729810118675232,
2.524409532546997,
-2.903953790664673,
0.19618457555770874,
-1.3950786590576172,
2.3774430751800537,
-0.0858415961265564,
-0.9325962662696838,
0.6151536703109741,
0.26083260774612427,
-0.652115523815155,
-2.02775239944458,
0.20558813214302063,
1.0732792615890503,
0.029494479298591614,
0.13233578205108643,
-0.6862488985061646,
-3.0109217166900635,
3.334407329559326,
1.5337016582489014,
-1.553479552268982,
-1.5278481245040894,
-0.8834009766578674,
0.4606330990791321,
-1.3091235160827637,
-0.314389705657959,
0.7908016443252563,
0.13069361448287964,
-0.5659196972846985,
-0.6613999605178833,
0.4655874967575073,
-1.8245822191238403,
-0.1039758175611496,
-1.6470425128936768,
0.2872290015220642,
2.581313371658325,
1.0085437297821045,
2.5448622703552246,
-0.23447278141975403,
-2.757589101791382,
0.6714502573013306,
0.6250848174095154,
0.872075617313385,
1.8487741947174072,
1.9463367462158203,
0.25944074988365173,
-1.4444804191589355,
-1.4280073642730713,
-0.928331196308136,
-0.0025769174098968506,
0.3427373468875885,
-3.900153398513794,
0.7680798172950745,
-0.5775443315505981,
1.9497967958450317,
-0.5862354636192322,
-0.35750770568847656,
-0.3954932689666748,
-0.639075517654419,
1.9447952508926392,
0.07775551080703735,
1.162621259689331,
0.8324313759803772,
-3.809027910232544,
-2.005880832672119,
-1.8975554704666138,
-0.8806070685386658,
-1.444319486618042,
-0.4855823814868927,
-1.4038316011428833,
-1.744020938873291,
-0.3410048484802246,
0.36631256341934204,
1.6189931631088257,
-2.7520575523376465,
-0.1400795578956604,
1.1420642137527466,
-3.025425434112549,
-1.3702659606933594,
-0.5535091161727905,
-1.976847767829895,
1.2880345582962036,
-1.9981002807617188,
-1.4494693279266357,
1.463210105895996,
1.9253723621368408,
2.296229362487793,
0.28877729177474976,
1.7503286600112915,
0.3606937527656555,
-1.388916015625,
1.1342962980270386,
-1.1374242305755615,
-0.04241602122783661,
-0.49953049421310425,
-1.8239166736602783,
-1.4167132377624512,
-0.5926278829574585,
-1.0306713581085205,
0.6609445810317993,
-0.36415743827819824,
0.49769237637519836,
0.5848610997200012,
-0.6816502809524536,
-0.4555240869522095,
2.1978394985198975,
0.89498370885849,
-0.06478939950466156,
0.010986492037773132,
0.37704554200172424,
1.4915374517440796,
0.09790106862783432,
-0.3688795566558838,
-0.16665951907634735,
1.211071491241455,
-1.5160869359970093,
-1.1073229312896729,
-0.16407570242881775,
-2.6088409423828125,
-0.3174344301223755,
-0.789114773273468,
-0.8387730717658997,
-0.8220412135124207,
1.2332695722579956,
1.9909403324127197,
-3.5038516521453857,
0.8346887230873108,
-0.5220717191696167,
3.131657361984253,
1.4725186824798584,
-0.1391620635986328,
2.4006147384643555,
1.1767503023147583,
1.7046635150909424,
1.526836633682251,
-0.49399739503860474,
-0.3726084232330322,
-3.0305397510528564,
0.22868357598781586,
0.6797655820846558,
-0.7797852158546448,
0.09329648315906525,
-0.31818443536758423,
-1.1071618795394897,
2.185692310333252,
-1.793753981590271,
0.6020296812057495,
-1.4399569034576416,
-1.8140711784362793,
-1.0812548398971558,
1.647032618522644,
-1.4298819303512573,
-2.207667350769043,
-1.105475902557373,
0.4817977547645569,
-1.0456703901290894,
-3.4586427211761475,
-1.283174753189087,
-0.46483245491981506,
1.5630159378051758,
-4.3891096115112305,
2.0166428089141846,
-0.13150042295455933,
0.7972959280014038,
-1.4904446601867676,
-0.9093689322471619,
-0.6082630157470703,
-2.1865005493164062,
0.5820258259773254,
1.975233793258667,
2.1020262241363525,
2.8459033966064453,
-1.8874351978302002,
0.27318620681762695,
-0.15178515017032623,
1.2998907566070557,
1.571887731552124,
2.1570444107055664,
0.5661576390266418,
0.5125019550323486,
-2.985948324203491,
-1.8471393585205078,
3.528113842010498,
-0.8062968254089355,
-1.7799404859542847,
-1.7718651294708252,
3.149618625640869,
1.6711493730545044,
-2.8668055534362793,
0.7575263381004333,
-0.5294979810714722,
-0.5698710680007935,
2.3145499229431152,
2.009005546569824,
1.266957402229309,
-0.11680278182029724,
0.6120689511299133,
-0.10931532084941864,
-0.36890482902526855,
-1.4770572185516357,
0.7891347408294678,
-3.478431463241577,
3.3075757026672363,
-1.0813591480255127,
-0.15819257497787476,
1.230100154876709,
-0.4725337624549866,
-0.8605986833572388,
-0.8905599117279053,
1.3123804330825806,
1.681928038597107,
-2.1916909217834473,
-3.5660252571105957,
0.015006139874458313,
0.3526676595211029,
2.0586299896240234,
2.555326461791992,
-2.4336729049682617,
-2.529932975769043,
-0.24754902720451355,
-3.156940460205078,
0.6859192848205566,
-0.752510130405426,
3.233910083770752,
-1.305389642715454,
2.0526223182678223,
0.6303431987762451,
0.14456427097320557,
1.2883342504501343,
0.6066151857376099,
-2.5246341228485107,
-0.25047001242637634,
1.6162818670272827,
2.490280866622925,
0.23923921585083008,
-0.43121904134750366,
-1.2831432819366455,
2.7540791034698486,
-2.926464319229126,
-0.6147359609603882,
2.581465005874634,
2.622572898864746,
-0.01925426721572876,
1.1075822114944458,
1.8329956531524658,
0.45507052540779114,
1.8854038715362549,
0.09063807874917984,
1.1089104413986206,
2.2384860515594482,
-2.376962661743164,
-0.4045364558696747,
-1.894098162651062,
0.5309491157531738,
-1.4333670139312744,
1.7330331802368164,
2.8789596557617188,
-2.6575448513031006,
-0.05558677017688751,
-2.1741299629211426,
0.3850727081298828,
2.2755017280578613,
2.0088050365448,
-1.06363844871521,
1.3205761909484863,
1.4772400856018066,
2.332672119140625,
-1.9914932250976562,
-0.11119537055492401,
-0.05909988284111023,
-0.26809847354888916,
0.973517894744873,
0.1243128553032875,
-0.13839633762836456,
0.18349458277225494,
0.5377169251441956,
0.2140180915594101,
-2.516835927963257,
0.06668639183044434,
0.4498995542526245,
-0.18135438859462738,
1.3034435510635376,
2.366750955581665,
-0.158951997756958,
1.2737830877304077,
-1.6368852853775024,
0.014942679554224014,
-0.7645397782325745,
1.2350664138793945,
-0.6069779396057129,
-0.3896613121032715,
-0.33309537172317505,
1.930057406425476,
1.7521681785583496,
-2.242483615875244,
0.4348394274711609,
-0.13886772096157074,
0.1805378943681717,
1.2785942554473877,
-1.0069338083267212,
1.493643045425415,
1.4801912307739258,
1.2793614864349365,
-0.334865003824234,
-0.16394415497779846,
1.0066133737564087,
1.9908230304718018,
1.079927921295166,
-0.2867618799209595,
0.08354757726192474,
2.208901882171631,
-0.6837961077690125,
2.393345355987549,
-1.5916078090667725,
1.2964186668395996,
-1.9317994117736816,
-0.6307286024093628,
-0.7305888533592224,
1.3821388483047485,
1.5110459327697754,
-0.040876857936382294,
0.49650657176971436,
1.327491044998169,
2.043020248413086,
-1.0872634649276733,
-1.4740147590637207,
0.1274188756942749,
-2.029646158218384,
0.12222244590520859,
-2.8614163398742676,
1.6928620338439941,
3.7642128467559814,
1.1882238388061523
] |
shock: convert 2 ms half sine g's to 1 ms | my question: is it possible to normalize a shock tolerance measured at 2 ms half sine into an equivalent one at 1 ms? for example, say an object's shock tolerance is rated at 400 g, 2 ms half sine. can you convert the rating into a 1 ms rating as well, without actually drop testing the object? is a 1 ms rating half of a 2 ms one, or is the relationship exponential, or some other equation? or do the mechanics change drastically at such small intervals? | no, you can't, because stiffness, shape, and size of the object come into play. near one end of the spectrum of stiffness is soft silicon gel, which does not propagate the shock very quickly; and near the other end of the spectrum is silicon carbide, which propagates displacements (aka sound) quickly enough that handleable objects made of it can completely equilibrate to the impact in well under a millisecond. objects at the slow end are sensitive to total impulse; objects at the fast end are sensitive to peak acceleration. the two things scale quite differently. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.15038558840751648,
-0.26963725686073303,
0.019197478890419006,
-0.12929433584213257,
-0.8975588083267212,
-1.8643651008605957,
-0.380729079246521,
0.4162452816963196,
0.9573553204536438,
-0.01845213770866394,
1.3011984825134277,
-0.15222306549549103,
-0.10597574710845947,
-0.03430292010307312,
0.7334768772125244,
-0.09323184937238693,
0.6699721217155457,
-0.019837185740470886,
-2.021420955657959,
0.5992345213890076,
1.0332233905792236,
-0.286659836769104,
-0.6665204763412476,
0.47829800844192505,
-1.5696735382080078,
-0.15776081383228302,
-0.4396708309650421,
-0.10657989978790283,
0.2959442138671875,
-0.7186148166656494,
-0.24985182285308838,
0.1108284443616867,
0.022286273539066315,
-0.5740121603012085,
-0.9804292321205139,
0.5942416787147522,
0.3384575843811035,
-0.9847936630249023,
-0.09456536173820496,
-0.1607077568769455,
-0.25285208225250244,
-0.1600736677646637,
0.6003613471984863,
0.5515550971031189,
0.39522355794906616,
1.669103980064392,
0.8731553554534912,
-0.2985346019268036,
-0.4142630100250244,
-1.349196434020996,
-1.313029408454895,
1.1068285703659058,
-0.19370248913764954,
-0.7108060121536255,
-1.0823493003845215,
0.5650251507759094,
0.8829856514930725,
-0.0348922535777092,
0.16905321180820465,
-1.0807191133499146,
0.501541018486023,
0.282426655292511,
-0.3480144739151001,
0.6811748743057251,
1.7763280868530273,
0.9223275780677795,
0.7587846517562866,
-0.5440430641174316,
-1.117026925086975,
1.092048168182373,
1.0289641618728638,
-0.30677536129951477,
-1.4953571557998657,
-0.34997016191482544,
1.8466764688491821,
-0.40276771783828735,
-0.9388998746871948,
1.2283270359039307,
0.08343421667814255,
0.41292446851730347,
0.4649622440338135,
-2.0861802101135254,
-1.7228176593780518,
-0.2958705425262451,
-0.876407265663147,
0.9803063273429871,
0.6397137641906738,
-0.18136022984981537,
-0.4131694734096527,
0.21817953884601593,
-0.7005400657653809,
-0.45587319135665894,
-1.2051936388015747,
0.7060976028442383,
0.8167934417724609,
0.7311388254165649,
-0.02101212739944458,
-1.7647429704666138,
0.5496882796287537,
-0.3041203022003174,
-0.9015539884567261,
0.9556170701980591,
-2.7726521492004395,
1.1183173656463623,
-0.6133028268814087,
-0.731902003288269,
-0.223422572016716,
0.5331043004989624,
0.1341671347618103,
0.7436988949775696,
-0.25579750537872314,
-0.07979458570480347,
0.2628551721572876,
-0.5006256699562073,
0.2575780153274536,
-0.25495412945747375,
-1.2592051029205322,
1.0993318557739258,
-0.9044365286827087,
-1.4871500730514526,
-0.5790950059890747,
-1.6615092754364014,
-1.541825294494629,
-0.12015822529792786,
1.0590273141860962,
-0.8639989495277405,
-0.4766263961791992,
0.841389000415802,
-0.4860537052154541,
-0.9012962579727173,
0.6374963521957397,
-0.6814138293266296,
0.15462645888328552,
-1.3172515630722046,
0.17033164203166962,
-0.34748977422714233,
1.5112420320510864,
-0.035982489585876465,
-0.21670284867286682,
0.6911318302154541,
-0.22972959280014038,
1.144944429397583,
1.2745370864868164,
-1.0074518918991089,
0.7554852962493896,
0.8120555877685547,
-1.7680363655090332,
-0.5842786431312561,
0.2838292121887207,
-0.8174024820327759,
-0.6935051679611206,
-0.5686330795288086,
0.8655648231506348,
-0.8159536123275757,
0.3663962483406067,
0.2253795862197876,
-0.18912804126739502,
-0.05479227006435394,
-0.7761678099632263,
1.3696194887161255,
-0.8947785496711731,
0.6857278943061829,
0.34031715989112854,
0.030876249074935913,
-0.44118261337280273,
0.19029319286346436,
-0.3132574260234833,
-1.4627153873443604,
0.45502275228500366,
0.9346256256103516,
-0.33188655972480774,
0.16174818575382233,
0.035194799304008484,
-0.7557607293128967,
0.8891477584838867,
0.15237122774124146,
-2.0914034843444824,
-0.39499562978744507,
0.010595530271530151,
1.5932034254074097,
1.699537992477417,
0.46997442841529846,
2.7414207458496094,
1.0073472261428833,
0.7338007688522339,
-0.21631093323230743,
-0.3071609139442444,
0.4715896248817444,
-0.8675174713134766,
0.2219732701778412,
0.40760886669158936,
-1.0486763715744019,
0.2994900345802307,
1.1396784782409668,
-1.0249104499816895,
-0.085500568151474,
0.5433132648468018,
-0.5300520658493042,
0.7708535194396973,
0.08660221099853516,
-0.8389269709587097,
-0.16476529836654663,
-0.641325831413269,
-0.20582354068756104,
-0.5666965842247009,
-0.6079041957855225,
-0.5663361549377441,
-0.6466847658157349,
-1.3690769672393799,
0.5423685312271118,
-1.4052923917770386,
-1.6645907163619995,
-0.7099917531013489,
0.8349775075912476,
-0.08796900510787964,
-0.7335947751998901,
-0.13220754265785217,
-0.28237226605415344,
-0.9009652137756348,
0.03249979019165039,
0.6549081802368164,
0.17276549339294434,
-0.20320788025856018,
-1.268410563468933,
0.745171070098877,
-1.1194450855255127,
-0.43456384539604187,
1.7084834575653076,
0.1288117915391922,
1.2654707431793213,
-0.025257796049118042,
1.1797975301742554,
0.7318102121353149,
1.064784288406372,
-0.15678876638412476,
-0.5064377188682556,
-1.1083852052688599,
0.12976327538490295,
0.34982922673225403,
-0.9976780414581299,
1.0648512840270996,
0.11185911297798157,
0.9105491638183594,
0.4470599889755249,
1.9014543294906616,
-0.3887906074523926,
0.5442141890525818,
-0.7075740694999695,
0.43105459213256836,
0.6702397465705872,
-1.3875972032546997,
0.8909809589385986,
-1.70100736618042,
0.047143660485744476,
-0.3233930468559265,
0.27577537298202515,
0.43783339858055115,
-0.2760258913040161,
-0.1803371012210846,
0.5910375118255615,
1.0251046419143677,
0.29773053526878357,
-0.28659161925315857,
-1.4219263792037964,
0.8826332092285156,
1.6326576471328735,
1.0992767810821533,
0.6334875226020813,
0.16526618599891663,
-0.5346967577934265,
0.1960860788822174,
-1.2120437622070312,
0.689339280128479,
-0.5979408621788025,
2.478370189666748,
-0.4764254689216614,
0.25265026092529297,
0.30381324887275696,
-0.9087537527084351,
0.6938368082046509,
-0.3232421875,
-1.6733994483947754,
0.004528254270553589,
1.171729326248169,
0.16954244673252106,
-0.4295955300331116,
0.1791677474975586,
-1.6540961265563965,
0.4896467924118042,
-0.682319164276123,
0.317077100276947,
1.223888635635376,
1.517736792564392,
-0.3179306983947754,
2.3798460960388184,
1.3067538738250732,
0.3307151198387146,
0.5534505844116211,
-0.5721979141235352,
-0.4120529294013977,
-0.3491387963294983,
-0.4284575879573822,
-1.6601358652114868,
-0.03807446360588074,
-0.8168903589248657,
0.3246195912361145,
0.5345542430877686,
0.5910768508911133,
-1.3121106624603271,
-0.9348083734512329,
-0.6116036176681519,
-0.28887930512428284,
0.8212087154388428,
0.8872033357620239,
-0.6084972620010376,
1.68877375125885,
1.4089350700378418,
1.6134917736053467,
-0.17794302105903625,
0.8729156255722046,
0.7927262783050537,
-0.08012929558753967,
-0.14283978939056396,
0.22737787663936615,
-0.3072527050971985,
0.6970747113227844,
-0.5293655395507812,
-1.2598564624786377,
-0.6488380432128906,
-1.4982914924621582,
-0.27624744176864624,
-0.10505890846252441,
0.7183125019073486,
1.4156252145767212,
0.7748255729675293,
0.24774333834648132,
-1.0684120655059814,
-0.31524908542633057,
-1.0626500844955444,
-0.3846733570098877,
-0.04545480012893677,
-0.6828318238258362,
1.2436877489089966,
-0.37032178044319153,
-0.14416708052158356,
-0.3260762691497803,
-0.28743496537208557,
0.7126075625419617,
-1.8882631063461304,
-0.04493437707424164,
-0.7106002569198608,
0.9843286275863647,
0.48347702622413635,
0.7524704933166504,
1.0855863094329834,
-0.4941208064556122,
-1.1267225742340088,
0.9519944190979004,
-0.5287815928459167,
0.8520603179931641,
0.010301679372787476,
-0.3734370470046997,
-1.7484707832336426,
2.340153455734253,
0.20997346937656403,
0.6482020020484924,
-0.6339314579963684,
0.042851030826568604,
-0.5504240989685059,
2.078989028930664,
0.9970916509628296,
2.6678426265716553,
-0.5972846746444702,
-0.9960969090461731,
0.620261013507843,
0.39738863706588745,
-0.8062952756881714,
0.612220048904419,
-1.1143983602523804,
1.1007168292999268,
0.613422155380249,
0.8799000978469849,
1.6828629970550537,
0.4045878052711487
] |
europa in our lifetime | some of my friends and i were discussing wether we thought we would land a probe on europa to explore the oceans in our lifetime. i am only 25 and the general consensus was no. i was hoping we would, what are your thoughts on this and why? p.s. this is my first post on here. much respect to the community! | there's a couple of issues here. the main one being that we don't really have the technology to drill through potentially kilometres of ice and retain communications with the surface. there are advances being made in sterile (and non-contaminating) ice drilling techniques in the subglacial antarctic lakes, but we're not there yet, and the tech doesn't easily apply to a space context. the other problem is communications. given the power/mass constraints and the requirements for heat it would be difficult to communicate with an orbiter above. the only real way would be a submersible tethered to a lander that communicates with an orbiter. and that makes for a big, complex mission. plus there's the fact that europa is in possibly the worst radiation environment in the solar system and anything orbiting it won't last very long. all of this means it's going to be a big investment of time, expertise and money to get a mission like that going. so unfortunately, it's pretty doubtful. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8155742883682251,
-0.16500967741012573,
0.9661151766777039,
-0.27708494663238525,
0.3776732087135315,
-2.600414991378784,
-1.1160337924957275,
-0.8450058698654175,
0.9699035882949829,
-0.6399864554405212,
0.059943750500679016,
1.0188403129577637,
0.16519545018672943,
0.06252162158489227,
1.2353192567825317,
-0.32018449902534485,
-0.16427558660507202,
-1.4022724628448486,
-2.078796625137329,
0.962375283241272,
-0.226596862077713,
-0.8040556907653809,
-0.3258824944496155,
0.6460345983505249,
-0.36328136920928955,
0.39688098430633545,
-1.10904860496521,
-0.18088026344776154,
-0.2841241955757141,
0.679904580116272,
-1.1098744869232178,
-0.5874354839324951,
-1.5461928844451904,
-1.563887357711792,
2.519073486328125,
1.258958101272583,
0.6021286845207214,
-1.0120991468429565,
-1.037779688835144,
-0.6234940886497498,
0.9790551662445068,
-1.0842487812042236,
0.6237524151802063,
2.1414966583251953,
-0.5871012210845947,
2.4668967723846436,
0.8472114205360413,
-0.974707841873169,
-1.5191446542739868,
-0.8063502311706543,
-0.9966579675674438,
0.5397260785102844,
-1.2047078609466553,
0.22901834547519684,
-2.4901163578033447,
-0.13972750306129456,
1.0075465440750122,
0.26047444343566895,
-0.40265727043151855,
-2.170342206954956,
0.3457779884338379,
-1.0938892364501953,
-0.5194364786148071,
0.47925248742103577,
2.6247594356536865,
-0.33845192193984985,
-0.5673012733459473,
-0.08504632860422134,
0.14766854047775269,
0.9555469751358032,
-0.654098391532898,
-0.4674331247806549,
-3.1464409828186035,
-0.5163512229919434,
2.097461462020874,
-0.7759839296340942,
0.688380777835846,
2.3727400302886963,
2.1284496784210205,
1.4644840955734253,
1.0060358047485352,
-1.479667067527771,
-0.8092212677001953,
0.07116704434156418,
0.2739638686180115,
-0.878687858581543,
2.2138829231262207,
1.971755027770996,
2.444035053253174,
-1.7058695554733276,
-0.08967605233192444,
-1.8500019311904907,
1.5829353332519531,
0.23007720708847046,
-1.0629189014434814,
2.110743522644043,
-0.8334161043167114,
-0.5740786194801331,
-1.039015293121338,
-0.8408085703849792,
-1.4690390825271606,
-0.4176405072212219,
-3.040464401245117,
1.3024277687072754,
-1.267238974571228,
-0.8968111276626587,
1.3030786514282227,
1.165666937828064,
0.9340123534202576,
-0.2162710577249527,
-0.45110273361206055,
0.6966100931167603,
0.6750777363777161,
-1.494594931602478,
-2.1358675956726074,
0.9723720550537109,
-1.0606892108917236,
1.1213507652282715,
-1.3766512870788574,
-1.814198613166809,
-0.48078328371047974,
-1.9134066104888916,
1.1787810325622559,
1.4000693559646606,
0.7117461562156677,
-0.3542011082172394,
-0.891191303730011,
1.167555570602417,
0.7735418081283569,
0.9341810941696167,
1.1161530017852783,
-1.0913712978363037,
-0.01434965431690216,
0.5147168636322021,
0.12403342127799988,
0.6815045475959778,
1.570244312286377,
-1.5290688276290894,
-2.2641265392303467,
2.581143379211426,
1.1035151481628418,
2.419062614440918,
2.1998791694641113,
-0.4781649708747864,
2.319270133972168,
2.667564868927002,
1.531620740890503,
0.34215474128723145,
1.3451433181762695,
-2.586604118347168,
-0.15399622917175293,
-0.3739665150642395,
2.257965564727783,
0.22208575904369354,
0.46989262104034424,
-0.44932466745376587,
-1.1499062776565552,
-0.4303511679172516,
-1.4949967861175537,
0.0045480430126190186,
-0.6807883977890015,
1.2757610082626343,
0.4670950770378113,
3.114248037338257,
-0.7349689602851868,
-0.24375346302986145,
-1.5792007446289062,
-0.6087254881858826,
-0.29333576560020447,
0.9320621490478516,
-1.2247530221939087,
-0.3070700168609619,
2.065147638320923,
-1.97173011302948,
2.722884178161621,
-0.6809531450271606,
-2.1267759799957275,
0.21212364733219147,
0.03272134065628052,
1.1737558841705322,
-1.287436604499817,
1.003240704536438,
3.52860951423645,
1.0569682121276855,
2.696262836456299,
-0.6843846440315247,
0.6165112257003784,
1.2642812728881836,
-2.036497116088867,
-2.1761038303375244,
-0.3541591465473175,
0.7394064664840698,
2.5881197452545166,
2.090465784072876,
-0.5999199151992798,
1.581450343132019,
-1.5997953414916992,
-1.9550368785858154,
-0.8489768505096436,
-0.38888436555862427,
0.03856697678565979,
-1.1572632789611816,
0.06908442080020905,
-0.4314011037349701,
-0.3404728174209595,
-1.2751387357711792,
0.16244176030158997,
-0.6889580488204956,
-1.9600321054458618,
0.18896162509918213,
0.9911677241325378,
-1.6583625078201294,
-0.7899130582809448,
0.06568308174610138,
0.3789478838443756,
1.686863660812378,
-0.7098320126533508,
-0.663948118686676,
-0.778693437576294,
-0.7400002479553223,
0.27339816093444824,
0.5414091944694519,
0.9094802141189575,
-2.320662021636963,
-1.4807075262069702,
-2.696878433227539,
-0.9495663046836853,
0.4764220118522644,
0.17652595043182373,
0.9752128720283508,
0.42798563838005066,
-1.328087568283081,
-0.04286657273769379,
2.3842639923095703,
-0.5752007961273193,
-1.9022557735443115,
0.6698688864707947,
-1.400609016418457,
-0.2167445719242096,
-0.47584396600723267,
-0.31288546323776245,
0.26457464694976807,
-0.8120195865631104,
1.0705524682998657,
-0.2834226191043854,
1.3081248998641968,
-0.1975010633468628,
-0.15841566026210785,
-0.2781878709793091,
1.5356884002685547,
-0.6778839826583862,
-1.2168382406234741,
-2.293116569519043,
0.5076143741607666,
-1.52335786819458,
1.8552391529083252,
-0.7859746217727661,
-0.2878703474998474,
-1.2024455070495605,
2.9409070014953613,
2.574113607406616,
1.5963937044143677,
-1.5523285865783691,
-1.3785978555679321,
2.057034492492676,
0.9944597482681274,
0.5447405576705933,
-0.45571213960647583,
-0.3989820182323456,
-0.5099488496780396,
-0.27629920840263367,
-0.4957312345504761,
-0.9527164101600647,
0.0559481680393219,
2.1566193103790283,
-1.444409966468811,
-0.24366942048072815,
-1.4061856269836426,
-0.48648250102996826,
0.9025490880012512,
-0.9620752930641174,
0.2351970672607422,
-0.012280046939849854,
0.44505590200424194,
2.8545823097229004,
-1.970699429512024,
-0.35616549849510193,
-0.683976948261261,
0.5562528967857361,
-0.7628564834594727,
0.8311476111412048,
2.4057233333587646,
-1.3154352903366089,
2.207273006439209,
1.2806695699691772,
-0.7932900786399841,
0.45969635248184204,
1.1092649698257446,
1.5427268743515015,
0.31776338815689087,
1.0841801166534424,
-1.1580990552902222,
-1.3266541957855225,
-0.8355758190155029,
-0.8031772375106812,
1.2999194860458374,
0.4319424331188202,
0.3921683430671692,
2.463590383529663,
-0.40843474864959717,
-0.4112158417701721,
-2.8473618030548096,
-0.8486681580543518,
0.0022803281899541616,
-1.3612507581710815,
1.33925199508667,
-0.7512799501419067,
0.33542925119400024,
-0.315521240234375,
0.5955360531806946,
1.581944465637207,
1.0621482133865356,
-0.6239123940467834,
0.23970365524291992,
-2.2932839393615723,
-1.1983330249786377,
0.17323565483093262,
0.7671988010406494,
-0.6110578775405884,
-0.44560936093330383,
-1.6613494157791138,
-0.6967256665229797,
1.17995285987854,
1.478659749031067,
0.9830301403999329,
2.48416805267334,
1.5389795303344727,
-1.2829267978668213,
-1.7381926774978638,
0.32658183574676514,
-1.1332296133041382,
0.5586174726486206,
1.095644235610962,
1.2709546089172363,
1.356230616569519,
0.727263867855072,
2.9345550537109375,
1.5902436971664429,
0.4970359802246094,
-0.6520617604255676,
-2.40405535697937,
-0.954929530620575,
1.1841232776641846,
2.0182881355285645,
-0.07015271484851837,
-1.4248685836791992,
-0.40080416202545166,
0.23358334600925446,
0.7797887325286865,
-0.8920714855194092,
-1.5046935081481934,
1.9966809749603271,
-0.6631721258163452,
2.4319710731506348,
-1.0805881023406982,
2.394204616546631,
-2.3531723022460938,
-1.5675742626190186,
-2.2642204761505127,
2.6780471801757812,
1.22477126121521,
-0.14354458451271057,
-0.3215397894382477,
-1.828538417816162,
1.5997157096862793,
1.2350175380706787,
-0.6416926980018616,
-1.136694312095642,
-1.0536437034606934,
2.1556754112243652,
-2.172919273376465,
-0.7023788094520569,
1.0646674633026123,
0.7254663705825806
] |
can someone explain this "fast formed fossils" experiment to me? | when i was in high school, we were taught everything through a young earth creationism lens, and one day they brought in some guy who supposedly demonstrated that fossils don't prove the earth is older than 6000 years because you can make a fossil overnight. he showed us what he claimed to be a fossilized teddy bear he had made. i don't know enough about fossilization because this was my science education, but i have to assume if this was really the smoking gun argument, we would have to rethink everything. the guy who showed us this was a big ken ham fan, and ken ham's site is the only thing that comes up when you google around for this stuff, and talks about this exact experiement ([article here](_url_0_)). i'm sure it's bullshit, but can anyone explain to me what's wrong here? | the timescale over which fossils form is largely a red herring, i.e. the evidence for the age of the earth (or even the age of the organisms represented by fossils) does not come from fossilization taking a long time (more on that later). first to the details of the question, the time for the process of fossilization is pretty variable and will depend on the material (what's being fossilized), the environment (where it's buried, how quickly it's buried, the conditions it experiences after burial, etc), and the type of fossilization. given the right conditions, fossilization can occur rather quickly. here's a nice article on one type of fossilization (as alluded to in your creationist link, there are different styles of fossilization), [permineralization](_url_0_). the top is sort of written for a lay person, then there is a more nitty gritty detail version towards the bottom that outlines the chemistry of permineralization (mostly focused on wood as this is for a petrified wood museum) and touches on the timescale question. the short answer is that given the right type of material and abundant fluids with the right dissolved minerals, permineralization can occur quickly (think decades to centuries, not days, but that's still super quick in geologic terms). an extreme example of very fast fossilization (of a different type) would be the molds of humans left behind in the wake of the eruption of [vesuvius in pompeii and herculaneum](_url_2_) (note that the preserved forms you see in that link are actually plaster that during the excavation of the city was poured into the molds formed by rapid cooling of the ash around bodies). in this case, the molds themselves were made nearly instantaneously, then there was the timescale of the bodies to decompose within the molds to leave a largely hollow cavity behind. the real evidence for the age of the earth (or the age of a given deposit hosting a given fossil) largely comes from [radiometric dating](_url_1_). as you can see from that link, there are lots of different types of radiometric dating that use different isotopes and are suitable for different ranges of timescales and materials, but the commonality is that we are generally relying on the fact that some isotopes of elements are unstable and decay into other isotopes/elements. if we know the rate of this decay (actually most properly thought of as a probability that a given single radioactive isotope will decay), can measure the amount of daughter product (what the radioactive isotope decays to), and can measure or make some assumptions about what the original concentration of the parent isotope was (in most cases we don't actually need to know what the exact concentration of this parent was, we can utilize multiple isotopes or multiple samples from the same rock to account for variable concentration of parent isotope) we can then calculate an age for that object. almost everyone is familiar with c-14 or carbon dating, but this actually has limited applicability in most geologic contexts because the usable range of c-14 is only a few tens of thousands of years because c-14 has a relatively short half life (~6000 years). more common for geologic applications are things like [u-pb](_url_3_) or [ar-ar](_url_4_) dating which are more applicable to geologic material. as the results of radiometric dating geologic materials (both terrestrial and extraterrestrial in the form of meteorites) is the true evidence for the age of the earth and the age of individual deposits, this too gets a fair amount of shade from the young-earth community. the main talking points seem to focus on (1) trying to claim that we're totally wrong about decay constants/rates of decay but if you want to take this line you basically need to throw out a lot of nuclear/atomic physics and chemistry along with radiometric dating, (2) some argument about 'you don't know exactly how much parent isotope was in that material, ergo your results are bs' which fundamentally misrepresents how most of these techniques work, or (3) cherry picking some bad data and or applying the techniques in situations designed to fail, e.g. using a technique on material of an age outside its usable range. | 9 | [] | [
"https://answersingenesis.org/fossils/how-are-fossils-formed/experiment-fast-formed-fossils/"
] | [
"http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/permineralization.htm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating",
"https://www.google.com/search?q=herculaneum+fossilization&biw=1280&bih=659&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic7Iaq26PRAhUFj1QKHRoZA0A4ChD8BQgGKAE#tbm=isch&q=herculaneum+fossils",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%E2%80%93lead_dating",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon%E2%80%93argon_dating"
] | [
-6.187710285186768,
9.930599212646484,
7.172915458679199,
6.010914325714111,
-1.6867502927780151,
-7.997840404510498,
-6.188697338104248,
3.503753423690796,
4.114836692810059,
-1.2855846881866455,
2.5518858432769775,
-4.250828742980957,
-0.555654764175415,
0.550926923751831,
-4.553828716278076,
1.2403361797332764,
-7.718616008758545,
-0.835182249546051,
-1.0859882831573486,
1.4803731441497803,
3.4366579055786133,
3.0479025840759277,
-3.2063729763031006,
0.3927649259567261,
3.8617045879364014,
-0.11981972306966782,
-6.052848815917969,
1.8259551525115967,
3.5025036334991455,
1.6195064783096313,
-3.7822251319885254,
3.7492849826812744,
-0.3029518127441406,
-2.181788444519043,
6.7144269943237305,
2.2197160720825195,
1.6018750667572021,
2.7388811111450195,
3.0976176261901855,
6.137856483459473,
-0.6813772916793823,
-0.29855984449386597,
2.5852210521698,
7.797524929046631,
-3.7880406379699707,
6.746371269226074,
8.678644180297852,
-1.4052904844284058,
-9.575542449951172,
-3.371096134185791,
-3.997601270675659,
-2.2995753288269043,
-6.796741962432861,
1.5245240926742554,
-5.772191524505615,
-6.222500801086426,
4.079738140106201,
-6.357941150665283,
0.24072745442390442,
-9.703124046325684,
3.8881657123565674,
-1.9088833332061768,
-5.152887344360352,
-1.0673059225082397,
12.042673110961914,
3.757107734680176,
0.9503637552261353,
-3.26459002494812,
4.223803520202637,
4.464191913604736,
2.549818754196167,
2.6850366592407227,
-3.8504579067230225,
-2.312673330307007,
-1.441088080406189,
-3.8326213359832764,
0.024277225136756897,
5.618958473205566,
-1.7121663093566895,
-8.670395851135254,
-1.8250161409378052,
-1.2890373468399048,
-1.3439377546310425,
-7.211938381195068,
-6.465911388397217,
3.5303728580474854,
1.1471740007400513,
8.439993858337402,
-1.0040550231933594,
-1.4803448915481567,
3.6000542640686035,
-0.8593584299087524,
-0.16545051336288452,
2.5026843547821045,
-2.2863073348999023,
9.997469902038574,
0.6673310995101929,
2.7375385761260986,
14.475643157958984,
-3.7944631576538086,
1.195278286933899,
7.536423683166504,
-12.81031608581543,
1.8415756225585938,
-6.786813259124756,
-5.364153861999512,
-1.0585383176803589,
5.769489288330078,
7.7354536056518555,
7.341883659362793,
-2.920308828353882,
-1.0513980388641357,
1.064576506614685,
-2.3749561309814453,
-0.3560858368873596,
-6.96628475189209,
2.1998887062072754,
0.04323047399520874,
-10.43110179901123,
-0.5326323509216309,
2.303823947906494,
-2.841996192932129,
2.658456325531006,
6.383344650268555,
2.9146976470947266,
-1.7971007823944092,
1.1076618432998657,
4.822446346282959,
9.37218189239502,
3.834484815597534,
5.4113287925720215,
-3.1596312522888184,
-0.23065778613090515,
-0.0118427574634552,
-3.197145938873291,
-6.002040386199951,
5.661686420440674,
1.067179799079895,
-4.773711681365967,
7.902611255645752,
-4.162755012512207,
0.4646013081073761,
-1.779920220375061,
0.9322359561920166,
-0.8732683658599854,
6.314319610595703,
-0.2219354808330536,
-1.3568007946014404,
-1.3822306394577026,
-4.8718671798706055,
-1.333553671836853,
-6.118687629699707,
1.9537427425384521,
0.36903759837150574,
-1.206459641456604,
-2.656585216522217,
-9.358186721801758,
-0.8065271973609924,
1.5262517929077148,
1.9945298433303833,
-7.843392372131348,
3.120345115661621,
4.737691402435303,
4.0724663734436035,
2.5226807594299316,
0.41270115971565247,
-2.3084373474121094,
-6.498570919036865,
10.92594051361084,
-0.12613648176193237,
6.502466678619385,
0.03931358456611633,
11.949540138244629,
-5.236627578735352,
3.605754852294922,
1.0815664529800415,
-5.655523777008057,
1.6679521799087524,
-2.1481833457946777,
10.2177095413208,
-4.079273223876953,
-4.3780927658081055,
7.989743232727051,
6.592143535614014,
2.498239040374756,
-8.838890075683594,
-0.46233460307121277,
5.069146633148193,
1.1117066144943237,
3.2661337852478027,
5.382749080657959,
1.0076286792755127,
1.9907832145690918,
0.8330714702606201,
-6.662679672241211,
-0.33914321660995483,
2.6784403324127197,
3.9446232318878174,
-0.8246940970420837,
-0.2764892578125,
-2.6449098587036133,
0.11249891668558121,
-0.06535916030406952,
-0.8440538644790649,
3.822547197341919,
-2.7476930618286133,
6.231741905212402,
-1.0778521299362183,
-8.986542701721191,
1.78970205783844,
-9.715339660644531,
-11.209662437438965,
-6.077874183654785,
-1.9268535375595093,
2.2946066856384277,
1.613551378250122,
-0.685772180557251,
-6.46649169921875,
-2.6145553588867188,
-3.713837146759033,
-3.746659755706787,
-11.681927680969238,
-1.6044106483459473,
-4.834188461303711,
0.6958602666854858,
-2.8322036266326904,
0.5335103273391724,
1.029178261756897,
0.2655620276927948,
-3.001600980758667,
-2.9000039100646973,
5.532652378082275,
4.614540100097656,
4.697751998901367,
2.2953615188598633,
-1.261286973953247,
2.2135939598083496,
-6.513983726501465,
0.17630386352539062,
1.0004258155822754,
1.77861750125885,
-1.3666306734085083,
-0.4567073583602905,
-0.4126141667366028,
-8.489421844482422,
-3.384207010269165,
-6.828269958496094,
-3.7490813732147217,
0.41840553283691406,
0.9624349474906921,
-7.339418888092041,
-7.558162212371826,
-4.038529872894287,
2.740971803665161,
-5.697556018829346,
-1.099825143814087,
-0.5147000551223755,
-3.278120279312134,
-6.483238697052002,
-1.1606099605560303,
6.9604363441467285,
-0.5769314765930176,
-3.7805185317993164,
-7.389258861541748,
7.443084716796875,
8.595549583435059,
1.8400615453720093,
-2.6030726432800293,
-3.8456485271453857,
-0.6250538229942322,
-0.005921661853790283,
4.285660743713379,
2.2654387950897217,
2.2642743587493896,
16.476892471313477,
-1.3711143732070923,
0.5937721729278564,
-9.978857040405273,
5.941421031951904,
-0.908158540725708,
-8.968123435974121,
-2.225278377532959,
-1.262923002243042,
1.7298979759216309,
-3.1257693767547607,
0.6352429986000061,
1.0992664098739624,
-6.205420970916748,
-4.256608486175537,
-3.886140823364258,
-2.6147572994232178,
8.848592758178711,
-8.89018440246582,
0.8222483992576599,
8.495095252990723,
-0.8972495794296265,
-2.5169081687927246,
-1.5804640054702759,
3.5683672428131104,
-5.642690658569336,
-0.5823235511779785,
1.5100268125534058,
-2.0484330654144287,
-1.7873972654342651,
-5.441044807434082,
7.80789041519165,
3.928873300552368,
3.6235477924346924,
11.16356372833252,
-5.259220600128174,
-6.153493881225586,
-7.865024566650391,
2.921356439590454,
0.4178413152694702,
1.8901970386505127,
-0.494534969329834,
0.3851190209388733,
2.4979233741760254,
2.2549660205841064,
4.5460357666015625,
7.844146728515625,
1.2823796272277832,
3.4754581451416016,
1.5028311014175415,
2.6563236713409424,
-2.5214900970458984,
8.109395027160645,
2.351961374282837,
-0.977232813835144,
1.316352367401123,
-2.4433155059814453,
2.3399150371551514,
7.916347503662109,
-2.5349085330963135,
7.443210124969482,
2.090519905090332,
1.4915696382522583,
-6.618038654327393,
-5.670321464538574,
-1.1218578815460205,
-4.036287784576416,
-3.152533769607544,
8.768289566040039,
-0.9933630228042603,
3.2760629653930664,
6.265432357788086,
2.8398447036743164,
3.199561357498169,
-8.97378158569336,
-0.7883422374725342,
4.612617492675781,
5.738800525665283,
4.074546813964844,
-1.635080337524414,
7.072326183319092,
-8.3582763671875,
-8.536548614501953,
2.4018256664276123,
-2.8635642528533936,
-4.885419845581055,
-5.514752388000488,
-0.8450236320495605,
4.779993057250977,
9.365814208984375,
2.151139974594116,
5.19919490814209,
-10.02375316619873,
0.8519295454025269,
-0.9667799472808838,
-0.5318445563316345,
4.483097076416016,
0.9130144119262695,
1.9708234071731567,
-8.226470947265625,
3.1930437088012695,
1.6361805200576782,
0.8281456232070923,
-1.990769624710083,
-4.610506534576416,
2.610193967819214,
7.323797225952148,
-0.41461998224258423,
6.933925628662109,
-1.3899976015090942
] |
how common are transuranics in the universe, and are they evenly distributed? | since elements up to iron produced by fission in a main sequence star, these are understandably very common in the universe. my question is how common are the higher numbered elements which are produced by fusion in a supernova, particularly the transuranics? would it be reasonable to assume that the abundance of higher numbered elements has a linear relationship to the size of the supernova that produced them? is there any way of detecting distant concentrations of transuranic elements, given their relative scarcity? are we in an unusually rich area of space for these elements, the ashes of some massive supernova, or is the distribution of heavy elements reasonably constant throughout the galaxy? i think the answer has important implications for seti, given that an argument can be made that complex life relies on the presence of transuranics in a variety of ways. | they're not evenly distributed; stars have a [wide range of metallicities](_url_1_), with the sun (and by extension the solar system) being fairly metal-rich in comparison to the majority of stars. [older stars tend to have less metals](_url_0_) since they formed earlier in the universe's history when there had been less time for the interstellar medium to have been enriched with metals. metallicity also varies between galaxies, some are metal rich and others are metal poor. metallicity is also higher towards the galactic core and lower towards the fringes of the galaxy. stars form in [molecular clouds](_url_4_), which typically produce a few dozen to a few thousand stars in a small region of space from similar material before the radiation pressure and stellar wind from the newly formed stars halts star formation and disperses the cloud, and then the stars disperse in their orbits around the galaxy and become well mixed with other stars instead of remaining together as a cohesive group, so the sun has long since been separated from it's siblings and the stars nearby to us at the present aren't the same stars that formed from the molecular cloud that birthed the sun and have a range of different metallicities. apart from broad differences in overall metallicity, stars can be enriched in particular elements due to the local environment they formed in. [this paper](_url_5_) suggests that the sun formed in a 26al-enriched dense shell of material surrounding a massive star and that 1% of stars in the milky way may form in similar settings with 26al enrichment. elements come from [a range of sources](_url_2_) and nearby astrophysical events like a [neutron star merger](_url_3_) or an exploding white dwarf have the potential to enrich the local interstellar medium in specific elements that are produced in that process. | 8 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_population",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallicity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements#Universe",
"https://phys.org/news/2017-10-astronomers-cosmic-gold-precious-metals.html",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud",
"https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2015/10/aa26174-15.pdf"
] | [
2.748356819152832,
3.2099039554595947,
4.260868072509766,
1.2762080430984497,
0.24972312152385712,
-3.240226984024048,
0.16929948329925537,
-3.4125635623931885,
-0.5798287987709045,
-1.1301794052124023,
-0.7432860136032104,
-2.6158623695373535,
-0.6507361531257629,
-5.2237467765808105,
3.4032247066497803,
-0.04883547127246857,
-6.281670093536377,
-1.8961522579193115,
-4.489407062530518,
3.108264684677124,
-0.7168700695037842,
-2.2434334754943848,
-3.306056022644043,
0.3742780089378357,
-1.0453213453292847,
0.8126633167266846,
-1.5695738792419434,
-0.4117538332939148,
0.67561936378479,
-1.7490777969360352,
-1.3901989459991455,
4.799631595611572,
-3.796389579772949,
2.5146350860595703,
1.4386035203933716,
-2.091010093688965,
1.5686335563659668,
0.1532714068889618,
-2.657764196395874,
-0.029547832906246185,
1.407965064048767,
-3.458467483520508,
1.2041831016540527,
3.709731340408325,
-0.7555530667304993,
0.7862621545791626,
1.8033088445663452,
-0.13082683086395264,
-2.2431015968322754,
-0.345564067363739,
-4.091065883636475,
1.5731300115585327,
-3.3400018215179443,
0.8577091693878174,
-1.2145874500274658,
1.4364794492721558,
2.4639289379119873,
-0.662550687789917,
4.03814172744751,
-3.970203161239624,
0.9343968629837036,
-2.8681273460388184,
-1.3625248670578003,
-2.3597075939178467,
3.84660267829895,
-1.933711290359497,
-1.746102213859558,
-0.9278140068054199,
-1.505620002746582,
1.053528904914856,
-0.6143733263015747,
3.033689260482788,
-4.108636856079102,
-5.5595855712890625,
3.128230094909668,
1.6461011171340942,
3.074162483215332,
1.2832958698272705,
-0.4061327576637268,
-1.1957602500915527,
0.99885094165802,
3.106645107269287,
-3.9351494312286377,
-0.549058735370636,
1.9285638332366943,
2.90155029296875,
-1.06061589717865,
0.10611522942781448,
0.3500123918056488,
-0.6011909246444702,
-2.3918135166168213,
-1.6651169061660767,
-4.162135124206543,
0.7050731182098389,
-0.8673467636108398,
3.5946621894836426,
3.139876127243042,
-6.817283630371094,
3.3878231048583984,
3.530569314956665,
-0.38727548718452454,
2.630167007446289,
-2.1520698070526123,
5.508317470550537,
-5.5862650871276855,
-1.0247852802276611,
0.3303810954093933,
4.407773494720459,
-2.067030429840088,
0.40484917163848877,
4.671435356140137,
-2.5772793292999268,
-1.0017756223678589,
-3.1488895416259766,
-0.07489018142223358,
0.04106511175632477,
0.37361618876457214,
1.3592324256896973,
-5.09430456161499,
-3.5429177284240723,
0.9404157400131226,
0.9999039769172668,
6.0378737449646,
3.3792824745178223,
0.37272846698760986,
-0.637592077255249,
0.32766520977020264,
1.6355339288711548,
0.12355571985244751,
-1.6817654371261597,
3.195657253265381,
-0.6878608465194702,
1.4313570261001587,
0.1976565718650818,
-2.2472901344299316,
2.098416328430176,
1.403948187828064,
-5.75233793258667,
-5.165652275085449,
0.8774736523628235,
1.1963961124420166,
3.6382622718811035,
1.6377506256103516,
0.47600385546684265,
5.669897079467773,
2.720351457595825,
0.08919432759284973,
-3.3816943168640137,
-0.4610682725906372,
1.5201544761657715,
-2.0847582817077637,
-2.8735015392303467,
3.589094400405884,
3.535597085952759,
0.6863656640052795,
1.9005624055862427,
-1.6368863582611084,
-0.39311468601226807,
-0.8150286674499512,
2.635150671005249,
2.290799617767334,
3.1434223651885986,
-0.6211069226264954,
6.561853885650635,
-3.694126605987549,
0.38653624057769775,
1.75576651096344,
-0.4706205725669861,
2.8201863765716553,
2.956338405609131,
1.138721227645874,
-0.16490305960178375,
1.6851027011871338,
-1.6111721992492676,
2.57810640335083,
-3.2774863243103027,
-3.1180367469787598,
3.5471112728118896,
0.14287036657333374,
2.754730701446533,
-0.276563823223114,
-0.15668025612831116,
8.404396057128906,
1.2984185218811035,
-0.942324697971344,
-2.2125558853149414,
-0.14749085903167725,
2.318559408187866,
4.302364349365234,
-2.05051851272583,
0.8573170900344849,
2.37099027633667,
-0.9854723811149597,
1.1882731914520264,
-1.4465975761413574,
1.9089828729629517,
-2.444718360900879,
-2.6476993560791016,
-2.479851484298706,
2.4550273418426514,
0.33095023036003113,
-2.5270419120788574,
2.8896145820617676,
2.9300849437713623,
-0.4204652011394501,
-2.5100443363189697,
0.21617934107780457,
4.014111518859863,
-5.779480934143066,
1.0608882904052734,
-0.05808490514755249,
-7.509525775909424,
-5.776429176330566,
-0.1790209412574768,
1.2636301517486572,
4.575794219970703,
-0.16957534849643707,
-12.136544227600098,
-0.8409934043884277,
-2.7214908599853516,
3.1161530017852783,
-5.7202467918396,
-5.313100814819336,
-3.0242481231689453,
0.2387489527463913,
-4.419589519500732,
-0.7299270629882812,
-0.6217581033706665,
1.3235197067260742,
2.249134063720703,
-0.8363804817199707,
-0.03922802209854126,
-1.9903045892715454,
3.0854616165161133,
0.5087702870368958,
0.013059355318546295,
-1.1537001132965088,
-8.968463897705078,
1.9262111186981201,
-4.637458324432373,
-1.303419589996338,
4.992557048797607,
0.3086276352405548,
1.9476325511932373,
-0.498017817735672,
-0.5223355889320374,
-0.9295237064361572,
-2.105956554412842,
-2.723917245864868,
-2.9271745681762695,
1.7639366388320923,
-3.1205637454986572,
-2.7281839847564697,
2.2978343963623047,
2.766000270843506,
-0.5752873420715332,
-0.4998815059661865,
-3.4684765338897705,
3.0445683002471924,
2.3687853813171387,
0.2236897349357605,
-1.5600390434265137,
-3.0093905925750732,
-2.446493148803711,
-1.8092092275619507,
4.485393047332764,
3.9299144744873047,
2.043064832687378,
-3.3731815814971924,
-0.20447009801864624,
0.9570209980010986,
5.303048133850098,
-0.225546196103096,
-0.7104171514511108,
5.375311374664307,
-1.9812062978744507,
-1.0385767221450806,
-5.116526126861572,
0.6354789733886719,
0.25138765573501587,
-1.4123687744140625,
4.842641830444336,
-0.4525834321975708,
-2.6314899921417236,
-1.5096995830535889,
-4.043502330780029,
0.717070996761322,
-5.005073070526123,
-0.8607296943664551,
-2.6106085777282715,
1.852471947669983,
6.5518012046813965,
-2.1870734691619873,
0.051450252532958984,
5.833524703979492,
-2.305192470550537,
-4.657441139221191,
2.4451258182525635,
1.3112918138504028,
-1.8040691614151,
0.3728647232055664,
0.24382640421390533,
-2.555307149887085,
1.8934707641601562,
-2.463078022003174,
1.5452537536621094,
-0.07152420282363892,
2.7127702236175537,
4.466817378997803,
-1.457596778869629,
-1.8117655515670776,
-4.349822521209717,
-0.5307978391647339,
2.9536755084991455,
-1.5508861541748047,
-1.2530460357666016,
2.0055222511291504,
6.438754081726074,
1.082918643951416,
2.1143410205841064,
3.534343719482422,
0.0003910064697265625,
-1.8107320070266724,
0.4385073781013489,
-1.350563406944275,
-1.7008682489395142,
1.5410128831863403,
1.6479824781417847,
1.2338695526123047,
2.831216812133789,
-1.9495587348937988,
-0.1278800517320633,
3.4461681842803955,
-1.7644624710083008,
3.500035285949707,
1.7949527502059937,
-0.4225660562515259,
-3.5033280849456787,
-0.9968662261962891,
2.1785356998443604,
-0.7971291542053223,
4.1122846603393555,
1.9164402484893799,
-0.2421293556690216,
2.2419979572296143,
0.07591985166072845,
-0.6449421644210815,
2.0555336475372314,
-3.2550160884857178,
1.4628547430038452,
1.1859962940216064,
-0.8478161692619324,
3.437302827835083,
-2.4645955562591553,
-0.6808004975318909,
-1.1127123832702637,
0.18095926940441132,
2.8153860569000244,
4.105478763580322,
3.9970812797546387,
1.142882227897644,
-0.6325128674507141,
2.8776206970214844,
1.812103271484375,
-3.452521800994873,
3.544867515563965,
-2.4893577098846436,
1.6235198974609375,
-1.613942265510559,
-0.7574618458747864,
-0.22653047740459442,
5.531513690948486,
1.0045626163482666,
-6.735396385192871,
-2.6725523471832275,
-2.24123477935791,
-2.9004390239715576,
1.420950174331665,
2.8669960498809814,
-1.3440356254577637,
1.607339859008789,
-0.44867485761642456,
0.6756155490875244,
1.9075713157653809
] |
do sailors eyeballs (aka bubble algae) also have giant organelles? | [bubbles algae](_url_0_) are known to be the largest single celled organism, with a diameter of up to 5cm. if they are one giant cell, does that mean their organelles are also enlarged? or are their organelles microscopic and their single cell mostly filled with cytoplasm? | the ventricaria ventricosa is not exactly a "traditional" single cell organism. it contains sections of cytoplasm with a nucleus and chloroplasts. you could see this sections as single cells, but without the membranes. they form together this rather big structure, which is stabilised by a central vacuole and cytosceleton. so no, their organelles are not enlarged, but it has a high percentage of cytoplasm, like most cells. | 6 | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valonia_ventricosa"
] | [] | [
-0.1270517110824585,
0.39604634046554565,
0.16426633298397064,
-0.1756485104560852,
-1.8971149921417236,
-2.1318821907043457,
-0.21721003949642181,
1.082029938697815,
1.7186819314956665,
0.3502044677734375,
0.6967829465866089,
0.619088351726532,
0.8061320781707764,
0.3629235625267029,
-0.1758922040462494,
-1.1166110038757324,
-2.433565616607666,
0.3306424021720886,
-0.3202386498451233,
1.6428475379943848,
-0.2955932021141052,
0.2630428075790405,
-0.3738720715045929,
0.741771936416626,
0.6060214638710022,
-0.9368693828582764,
-0.03921006619930267,
-0.4949805438518524,
-0.32948192954063416,
-1.2981516122817993,
-1.3010191917419434,
1.0863878726959229,
1.1700339317321777,
0.14093737304210663,
1.0058602094650269,
0.15982219576835632,
-0.42060601711273193,
0.7866230010986328,
-0.7457259297370911,
0.13191717863082886,
-0.4509330093860626,
-0.3987846374511719,
-0.7021110653877258,
0.5758110284805298,
0.17545577883720398,
-0.3564128279685974,
-0.1816611886024475,
0.5276718735694885,
0.0803443044424057,
-0.7943266034126282,
-0.07363083958625793,
-0.40823906660079956,
-0.6637653112411499,
2.372739791870117,
-0.7309672832489014,
0.5958621501922607,
-2.067854881286621,
-0.26380401849746704,
1.440981149673462,
-0.16299468278884888,
0.06614920496940613,
0.8033864498138428,
-0.27555227279663086,
0.6976543664932251,
0.5137790441513062,
-0.7436127662658691,
0.44684743881225586,
-0.2801258862018585,
-0.09524595737457275,
1.522605299949646,
0.6244366765022278,
0.01637345552444458,
0.4987275004386902,
0.7289509773254395,
-0.13013917207717896,
0.42109182476997375,
0.5962164402008057,
-0.18506379425525665,
-0.5622286796569824,
-0.3544449806213379,
0.47339093685150146,
2.066316604614258,
0.2596919536590576,
0.3153981566429138,
0.6443049907684326,
1.567962408065796,
-0.5482100248336792,
0.4839710593223572,
-0.8859450817108154,
-0.3640505075454712,
-0.20131465792655945,
-0.13126517832279205,
-0.09410938620567322,
-0.35667645931243896,
-0.009812097996473312,
0.29251813888549805,
1.5028315782546997,
-0.636887788772583,
0.6512494087219238,
-1.0170735120773315,
-0.43630388379096985,
0.42676597833633423,
1.4913760423660278,
0.3900233805179596,
-0.3042595386505127,
-0.24108701944351196,
-0.04570792615413666,
-0.16443926095962524,
0.8228641748428345,
0.8524408340454102,
-0.825843870639801,
0.5179446339607239,
-0.13633207976818085,
-0.935978889465332,
0.03754112124443054,
-0.19924598932266235,
0.4034266173839569,
-0.4779462218284607,
-0.2904401421546936,
1.018433690071106,
-1.1067646741867065,
-1.099044919013977,
-1.2478463649749756,
0.8816545009613037,
1.2293545007705688,
0.6339884996414185,
-1.4080557823181152,
1.0276679992675781,
1.3525604009628296,
0.48265329003334045,
0.7525393962860107,
0.4850800633430481,
-0.23020827770233154,
0.4916476011276245,
0.15049466490745544,
-1.0642868280410767,
0.26239925622940063,
-0.6320282220840454,
-2.8378028869628906,
-0.03954797983169556,
0.16089577972888947,
0.214708611369133,
-0.5641164779663086,
-0.7986511588096619,
-0.6719123125076294,
0.9396944046020508,
-1.2120299339294434,
-1.118474006652832,
-0.8006398677825928,
0.8272164463996887,
-1.563359260559082,
-0.5628131031990051,
0.755333423614502,
0.009978257119655609,
-0.5960803031921387,
-0.3788415193557739,
-1.9048694372177124,
0.14464977383613586,
-0.15325763821601868,
-0.9355051517486572,
-0.4716798663139343,
0.5708401203155518,
-0.24453698098659515,
2.6405410766601562,
-0.03653120994567871,
-0.3067803978919983,
-0.037542786449193954,
-0.2993893325328827,
0.17131948471069336,
-0.33251816034317017,
0.5464653372764587,
-0.06872695684432983,
1.479941487312317,
-0.8252556324005127,
-0.6334697008132935,
-0.6704622507095337,
-0.742879331111908,
0.025379866361618042,
1.6697378158569336,
1.0863999128341675,
0.021578803658485413,
-0.2898312509059906,
1.0098111629486084,
0.7263224124908447,
-0.34497541189193726,
-0.700092077255249,
0.3400394916534424,
0.5920595526695251,
0.32362425327301025,
0.44499531388282776,
-0.9541018605232239,
1.734074354171753,
0.8575397729873657,
0.6244803667068481,
-2.2411155700683594,
0.012010306119918823,
-0.9225828647613525,
0.5327340960502625,
0.15600703656673431,
-1.3394138813018799,
0.49501532316207886,
0.02464701235294342,
0.818450391292572,
1.1700718402862549,
-0.01003730297088623,
-0.17356184124946594,
-0.58824223279953,
0.6169004440307617,
-0.9199684262275696,
-0.37790894508361816,
-1.2171260118484497,
-0.6286600828170776,
-0.5165699124336243,
0.6580322980880737,
0.799144983291626,
1.352704405784607,
0.3314840495586395,
-0.5745198130607605,
0.724080502986908,
-1.3267332315444946,
0.30258414149284363,
-0.395682156085968,
-1.3758318424224854,
-0.5318529605865479,
0.15022942423820496,
-0.7361149191856384,
0.8407570719718933,
-0.17732231318950653,
-0.12960144877433777,
0.8800184726715088,
-0.9183036684989929,
0.42853131890296936,
-1.1220425367355347,
0.1829516440629959,
1.8996189832687378,
1.36236572265625,
0.19210022687911987,
-0.3068489730358124,
0.6580561995506287,
-0.14487288892269135,
0.6638559103012085,
0.09414944797754288,
-0.26895588636398315,
1.3534231185913086,
-1.5025434494018555,
-0.7455968856811523,
0.3350549042224884,
0.6861854791641235,
-0.4603502154350281,
-0.22341090440750122,
-0.2222423553466797,
0.0964374989271164,
0.16933345794677734,
-0.49246886372566223,
-0.8676574230194092,
-0.6739294528961182,
-0.8328485488891602,
-0.27803194522857666,
1.0175518989562988,
-0.8948507905006409,
-0.8565037250518799,
-0.2409658432006836,
0.5373890995979309,
-1.442562222480774,
-0.8813253045082092,
0.2535843253135681,
0.31503021717071533,
1.538927435874939,
0.6613726615905762,
1.4084036350250244,
2.0463027954101562,
-0.15224993228912354,
-0.32203301787376404,
-1.0090446472167969,
-0.5042217373847961,
-0.12649303674697876,
-0.2789882719516754,
-0.5046195983886719,
0.7500144243240356,
0.7080652713775635,
-0.9693556427955627,
0.49191969633102417,
0.5201843976974487,
-0.30251502990722656,
0.026675596833229065,
-1.3453192710876465,
-0.671313464641571,
-1.0228826999664307,
0.24352514743804932,
0.8057665824890137,
-1.0531818866729736,
-0.37432512640953064,
-0.7918538451194763,
0.1073305755853653,
0.606762170791626,
1.445599913597107,
-0.5253044366836548,
0.19304496049880981,
-0.5325642228126526,
-1.1650009155273438,
-0.15421631932258606,
-1.635918140411377,
-0.701903223991394,
-0.9615381956100464,
0.34723517298698425,
0.24355019629001617,
-0.34646517038345337,
-1.0657366514205933,
1.4444231986999512,
-1.2032902240753174,
-0.16948944330215454,
-0.948997437953949,
-0.6190098524093628,
0.5584105253219604,
-0.24763593077659607,
-0.009107250720262527,
1.1388683319091797,
0.8917413949966431,
1.6378668546676636,
0.49902403354644775,
1.7001186609268188,
0.20795057713985443,
-1.0863701105117798,
-1.173850417137146,
0.36440885066986084,
-1.3651175498962402,
0.09177049249410629,
0.2544174790382385,
0.427615225315094,
0.38872501254081726,
0.0034971237182617188,
0.9563180208206177,
0.952134370803833,
-1.108001708984375,
0.36003589630126953,
1.3332468271255493,
-0.8839344382286072,
-0.15759140253067017,
0.20747892558574677,
0.6011832356452942,
-1.0049636363983154,
0.21890293061733246,
-0.5466442108154297,
0.657090425491333,
0.9719616174697876,
-0.07330328226089478,
0.19230279326438904,
0.8140114545822144,
-0.509177029132843,
-1.054542064666748,
0.9919539093971252,
0.7447618842124939,
-0.9538158178329468,
0.1562270075082779,
-0.03725237399339676,
-0.09677407890558243,
-1.660237431526184,
-0.5015144348144531,
0.2836400270462036,
-0.8404470682144165,
0.1647557020187378,
-0.4931713938713074,
-0.23713843524456024,
0.4365917444229126,
-0.882605254650116,
-0.05082516372203827,
0.09309437870979309,
1.5082051753997803,
-0.31910088658332825,
0.030497819185256958,
0.6553628444671631,
0.44631409645080566,
1.4728848934173584,
-1.1662492752075195,
-0.9834162592887878,
0.2549590766429901,
-0.08709703385829926,
-0.13883769512176514,
-0.6466872096061707,
0.20105430483818054,
-0.1163150817155838,
1.6122806072235107,
1.794109582901001,
-0.35040760040283203
] |
do some people burn more calories performing mental tasks than others performing those same tasks? given they both have the same experience or knowledge of the subject? | last time calorie burning by the brain was brought up,a brain at rest and a brain thinking hard burns the same number of calories. that question was asked by some one wondering why we felt tired after exams and hours of concentration. the studies cited were limited by ethical concerns. they didn't put people under mental strain in the lab, instead they looked at students during exam studies and similar circumstances, i wouldn't say it was conclusive but it was enough to convince me to do physical exercises instead the idea that studying would help me loose weight. maybe they haven't done a direct study because neurologists just know from other work that the brain burns calories at a steady rate but i've never looked further into it. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.7727900147438049,
0.5674521923065186,
0.9669085741043091,
1.9667885303497314,
0.9792855978012085,
-1.6513020992279053,
-0.7409785985946655,
1.1355488300323486,
0.35860475897789,
-0.5460631847381592,
0.30803927779197693,
0.7735767364501953,
-0.7191051840782166,
0.15747034549713135,
-0.8762515187263489,
-1.279682993888855,
0.02007339894771576,
-1.7731852531433105,
-0.8866674900054932,
0.7000789046287537,
-0.15598472952842712,
-0.21937689185142517,
1.537421703338623,
0.007545817643404007,
0.722795307636261,
1.5217435359954834,
-0.17264515161514282,
-1.4729007482528687,
-0.5027447938919067,
-0.4904773235321045,
-0.46165692806243896,
-0.4610738754272461,
-0.9341849684715271,
-1.9853591918945312,
0.8277881145477295,
0.43334871530532837,
0.022540532052516937,
-0.5034294128417969,
-1.550126314163208,
0.4075329899787903,
0.13446295261383057,
0.8212805986404419,
0.6472705006599426,
1.0890189409255981,
1.7896620035171509,
0.7837111353874207,
0.2317163050174713,
-2.159175395965576,
-0.8256680369377136,
0.7036423683166504,
0.16402457654476166,
-0.6682019233703613,
1.0464279651641846,
-0.9262285232543945,
-1.2093435525894165,
0.7887747883796692,
-0.22223755717277527,
-0.05925549566745758,
-1.056563138961792,
2.107825756072998,
-1.6935361623764038,
1.0149022340774536,
-0.7852657437324524,
-0.20197804272174835,
2.521728515625,
-0.5304666757583618,
-0.2629678547382355,
-0.9721546173095703,
1.124252200126648,
1.0826377868652344,
1.236969232559204,
-1.160936951637268,
2.08256459236145,
0.17100262641906738,
1.3470855951309204,
-0.31983262300491333,
-0.5005455017089844,
0.02426045760512352,
0.8948240280151367,
-2.05647611618042,
0.04958584904670715,
-0.8620566129684448,
0.16546308994293213,
-0.11851935088634491,
0.6106211543083191,
0.364661306142807,
1.323347806930542,
1.3755548000335693,
-1.1134867668151855,
0.6687063574790955,
0.43408283591270447,
-0.4092150926589966,
-0.9044880867004395,
-0.009672239422798157,
0.2246372103691101,
0.1957683116197586,
-1.6684486865997314,
1.6219351291656494,
0.2359885275363922,
-0.6102699041366577,
-0.6094480752944946,
0.2957054376602173,
-0.8254198431968689,
1.1935409307479858,
-1.1891345977783203,
-2.101388931274414,
0.021866023540496826,
0.023538857698440552,
0.015757784247398376,
0.3338375389575958,
-0.15444833040237427,
-0.1380147635936737,
0.3959178924560547,
0.41180258989334106,
0.9847993850708008,
-0.6247736215591431,
-0.5961179137229919,
0.5088802576065063,
0.7293294668197632,
0.7528971433639526,
-0.2294245958328247,
-0.7196605205535889,
-0.010265007615089417,
-1.8358012437820435,
-0.3417433798313141,
-1.535370111465454,
-0.5987979769706726,
0.5190712809562683,
1.035463809967041,
-0.2626098096370697,
0.532158613204956,
-0.9115274548530579,
-0.20952950417995453,
-1.005011796951294,
-0.6989526748657227,
0.09047406911849976,
1.5682411193847656,
-0.3926021158695221,
-0.3064311146736145,
1.6816504001617432,
1.789138913154602,
1.6595886945724487,
-0.17519468069076538,
0.15838780999183655,
-1.4769641160964966,
1.2488969564437866,
1.1319739818572998,
-0.5722165703773499,
0.2024870067834854,
-0.6383166909217834,
-0.42083778977394104,
-0.878943920135498,
-0.3040536940097809,
0.0230618417263031,
-0.7062121033668518,
-0.46165725588798523,
-0.9708508253097534,
-0.24270500242710114,
-1.762451171875,
0.05139654129743576,
-2.079428195953369,
-0.8180384635925293,
-0.659570574760437,
1.0084642171859741,
2.2361159324645996,
0.6312552690505981,
0.29975831508636475,
-0.44265851378440857,
1.5340375900268555,
1.3247642517089844,
1.8710005283355713,
-1.6987967491149902,
0.5491387844085693,
1.000347375869751,
0.1937626153230667,
-1.3761764764785767,
-2.8077993392944336,
-0.5244885087013245,
-0.7945007085800171,
-0.6578890085220337,
2.1427361965179443,
-0.6453904509544373,
-0.5937469005584717,
0.9493698477745056,
-0.3695632815361023,
0.020375803112983704,
0.3734758496284485,
0.5701760053634644,
0.7372027635574341,
2.0122387409210205,
-1.8106112480163574,
-0.2934888005256653,
-0.46663087606430054,
1.237945318222046,
-0.8092939853668213,
0.35880038142204285,
0.04048291593790054,
-1.4650741815567017,
-1.7365463972091675,
0.1042819619178772,
0.04767194390296936,
-0.7159885764122009,
0.15097349882125854,
-0.6161178350448608,
-0.39667218923568726,
-1.3163175582885742,
-1.662488579750061,
-0.5031899809837341,
2.746443510055542,
-1.6647826433181763,
-0.39784568548202515,
-2.2918379306793213,
0.6390604972839355,
0.9256056547164917,
0.44559234380722046,
0.5363758206367493,
-1.1823071241378784,
0.3911082446575165,
0.44602081179618835,
0.6869959235191345,
0.7275192737579346,
-0.9030099511146545,
-1.354459524154663,
-0.6979247331619263,
-1.7932484149932861,
-0.8781134486198425,
0.2533419728279114,
1.1608376502990723,
1.2370675802230835,
0.8599637150764465,
1.1652716398239136,
-0.007339075207710266,
0.7582955360412598,
0.31133997440338135,
1.3637914657592773,
-1.266974925994873,
-0.6755751967430115,
0.03098730742931366,
-0.49476295709609985,
-1.388859748840332,
-1.9947515726089478,
-0.8242519497871399,
-0.5917665958404541,
-0.16213849186897278,
-0.4353944659233093,
2.306633472442627,
1.0807418823242188,
-0.04552936926484108,
1.5319054126739502,
0.7079840898513794,
-1.4127166271209717,
0.5221972465515137,
-0.4564658999443054,
-0.11180925369262695,
0.749752402305603,
0.194657564163208,
-0.9322361946105957,
0.2878744602203369,
0.9986366629600525,
0.6987929344177246,
0.6622366905212402,
1.207172155380249,
-0.5855101346969604,
-0.15709391236305237,
0.6185029745101929,
0.7695016860961914,
-0.07799991965293884,
-1.4676532745361328,
0.6554644703865051,
1.0087476968765259,
-1.4130043983459473,
-1.930513620376587,
-0.3722020089626312,
0.28205132484436035,
0.5267506837844849,
0.48790180683135986,
-1.2085951566696167,
-0.7228642702102661,
-0.42216306924819946,
-2.598712921142578,
1.451340675354004,
-2.1692283153533936,
-0.6478098630905151,
-0.6705515384674072,
-0.01702776551246643,
-1.097697377204895,
-0.40504616498947144,
-1.5501880645751953,
1.4818525314331055,
0.5365344285964966,
0.33507460355758667,
1.5840328931808472,
0.977186381816864,
-0.1085425540804863,
0.8581977486610413,
1.0295438766479492,
0.5603979229927063,
0.9330389499664307,
0.37707293033599854,
0.5726151466369629,
-0.9474965333938599,
-0.6907334327697754,
-0.36016035079956055,
-0.16924095153808594,
-0.6419029235839844,
-1.1414988040924072,
0.10356132686138153,
-0.33022040128707886,
0.06118742376565933,
1.6269774436950684,
-1.9081535339355469,
-1.0584827661514282,
0.2592604160308838,
1.0630505084991455,
0.1249127984046936,
-0.1891639530658722,
0.6559581756591797,
-0.44276630878448486,
-1.1486963033676147,
0.6089410185813904,
1.2204346656799316,
-1.214961051940918,
1.880833625793457,
2.286691665649414,
-0.20625557005405426,
-1.0679969787597656,
0.6229125261306763,
0.5827736854553223,
-0.7647572159767151,
-0.03559181094169617,
-0.773969829082489,
-0.06572283804416656,
0.7227349877357483,
0.33958882093429565,
1.34546959400177,
0.23238781094551086,
1.2488733530044556,
0.46798765659332275,
-1.0897128582000732,
-0.4622882604598999,
-0.01206238567829132,
0.35275959968566895,
-0.49862781167030334,
1.2106972932815552,
1.5213513374328613,
1.3731849193572998,
1.0456757545471191,
0.8985958099365234,
-1.5692696571350098,
-0.37666773796081543,
-0.7533272504806519,
0.8677942156791687,
-0.164685919880867,
-0.17431758344173431,
1.607999324798584,
-2.398402690887451,
1.2572622299194336,
0.560270369052887,
0.4862632751464844,
0.690744161605835,
-1.1790913343429565,
-0.7675591707229614,
1.0941053628921509,
2.8709371089935303,
1.1797854900360107,
-0.5885279178619385,
-1.9747350215911865,
0.17090696096420288,
0.03472436964511871,
0.08104602992534637,
1.5646744966506958,
1.1897940635681152,
-0.2003059983253479,
-1.09958815574646,
1.557659387588501,
-0.766609251499176,
0.04533509910106659,
0.10695914179086685,
-3.7817654609680176,
-0.1809053122997284,
1.4798983335494995,
0.12540605664253235,
0.9411986470222473,
-0.020713314414024353
] |
|
are there any truly rotary structures in nature? specifically in living organisms. | are there any structures that can turn infinitely in one direction, like a wheel or ball bearings. as far as i can figure blood/nutrient supply requires some sort of connection that will get twisted eventually. the only thing i can think of are rotary-type motor proteins, but they are on a smaller scale. are they anchored, or merely confined by the cell wall? this is just curiosity, but i got to thinking about it and would love some expert input. edit - thanks for the links. it seems they can exist, but only on a small scale. | [atp synthase](_url_1_) is another great example of a cellular "wheel." protons flow from one side of the membrane to the other, and drive a turbine of sorts, which induces conformational changes that phosphorylate adp. [here's](_url_0_) a video where they explain how it works. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_synthase"
] | [
-0.9051394462585449,
-0.4028353691101074,
0.1395888775587082,
-0.5124943852424622,
-0.14635328948497772,
-0.7547137141227722,
0.978823184967041,
0.3326002359390259,
0.2593038082122803,
0.34731823205947876,
0.9018885493278503,
0.8666534423828125,
-0.46063143014907837,
0.7971940040588379,
0.6165653467178345,
-0.49175211787223816,
-0.5587144494056702,
0.10903842747211456,
-1.1209447383880615,
0.43397724628448486,
1.0446640253067017,
-0.6351251006126404,
0.001452811062335968,
0.22083047032356262,
-0.5669198632240295,
0.6302358508110046,
0.05507976934313774,
0.7852084636688232,
-0.35328930616378784,
-0.023932291194796562,
0.09478576481342316,
0.09825161099433899,
-0.9539064168930054,
0.20280122756958008,
-0.19754746556282043,
0.23229321837425232,
-0.6302921772003174,
-0.4484907388687134,
-0.5824978947639465,
-0.144826740026474,
0.06404241919517517,
-0.6798438429832458,
-0.11418348550796509,
0.8323535919189453,
0.08358809351921082,
0.7352180480957031,
0.06399022787809372,
0.18141189217567444,
0.12989503145217896,
-0.6017387509346008,
-0.17322827875614166,
0.338298499584198,
-0.5476258397102356,
-0.18171899020671844,
-0.4578527510166168,
0.8106096982955933,
0.12607108056545258,
0.46768879890441895,
-0.037083059549331665,
-0.49703818559646606,
0.2038959264755249,
-0.4905615448951721,
-0.6179379224777222,
0.8553190231323242,
1.0972051620483398,
-0.33066117763519287,
0.24806463718414307,
-0.3245283365249634,
-0.4667338728904724,
-0.06022751331329346,
-0.18997497856616974,
-0.0792754739522934,
0.2305840104818344,
0.24679867923259735,
-0.19421237707138062,
-0.38058778643608093,
-1.1034427881240845,
0.8408114910125732,
-0.4184890687465668,
-0.8593845367431641,
0.07982183992862701,
-0.5845164060592651,
-0.14325231313705444,
0.19558824598789215,
0.34830212593078613,
1.6938259601593018,
-0.01185261458158493,
-0.5322072505950928,
0.22998285293579102,
-0.2483663260936737,
-1.1803468465805054,
-0.44430601596832275,
-0.06036949157714844,
0.07305978238582611,
0.6985267400741577,
0.9257131814956665,
0.7787830233573914,
-0.8455485105514526,
0.09975903481245041,
0.041798219084739685,
-0.08923979103565216,
-0.21330048143863678,
-0.9599289298057556,
-0.5070890188217163,
-0.4502839148044586,
-0.8576213121414185,
0.1952359825372696,
0.9088735580444336,
0.13311195373535156,
-0.013218335807323456,
-0.010976403951644897,
0.566667377948761,
0.41883060336112976,
0.32082846760749817,
-0.42411935329437256,
0.35386455059051514,
-0.518659234046936,
-0.07439491897821426,
0.02042611688375473,
0.45522236824035645,
-0.2130465805530548,
-1.3460979461669922,
-0.29650169610977173,
0.5285831689834595,
-0.03472762554883957,
-0.6595112085342407,
-0.15331552922725677,
0.5796773433685303,
-0.4357704818248749,
0.34815746545791626,
0.8698089122772217,
0.042123544961214066,
0.23135164380073547,
-0.07689333707094193,
-0.27305060625076294,
0.45348405838012695,
0.427481472492218,
0.021488577127456665,
-0.7351640462875366,
0.4499991834163666,
-0.007541544735431671,
0.578823447227478,
-0.7974929809570312,
-1.2904365062713623,
-0.3014700412750244,
1.0362372398376465,
-0.3053796589374542,
-0.5452516078948975,
-0.3689159154891968,
0.795527458190918,
0.40117043256759644,
-0.5966228246688843,
1.0518912076950073,
-0.10783985257148743,
-0.04300600290298462,
-0.7124316692352295,
0.5738450288772583,
0.39611154794692993,
0.45590752363204956,
0.00779348611831665,
-1.7466541528701782,
0.8851163387298584,
-0.4534159302711487,
0.5698372721672058,
0.1094265729188919,
-0.7669658064842224,
0.12292785942554474,
-0.8349961638450623,
-1.021166205406189,
-0.8995990753173828,
-0.2781620919704437,
-0.6753996014595032,
0.1575082242488861,
-0.22325654327869415,
-0.6518319845199585,
0.16574065387248993,
-0.5246070623397827,
-0.20934978127479553,
0.5940491557121277,
0.2924950122833252,
0.4120652377605438,
0.43031466007232666,
0.7853162288665771,
0.5869730114936829,
-0.04645471274852753,
0.12721459567546844,
-0.31214046478271484,
0.6829676628112793,
0.1435793936252594,
-0.4437936544418335,
-0.7689148187637329,
0.2579071521759033,
-0.5006742477416992,
0.35799938440322876,
0.01476016640663147,
-0.4171788692474365,
0.3158421814441681,
0.7469965815544128,
-0.2193920612335205,
0.14138802886009216,
-0.13746187090873718,
0.38216495513916016,
-0.2892349362373352,
-0.1966743767261505,
-0.5246026515960693,
0.11099526286125183,
-0.6870964765548706,
0.009532690048217773,
-1.8994653224945068,
0.04959736764431,
-0.15193462371826172,
-0.899040162563324,
-0.8497499227523804,
-0.10694421827793121,
0.04740487039089203,
-1.011879324913025,
-1.0107887983322144,
0.3700578510761261,
0.010846704244613647,
0.17789699137210846,
0.3159292936325073,
-0.038340359926223755,
0.20561519265174866,
-0.842852771282196,
-1.2654500007629395,
-0.28001540899276733,
-0.06630827486515045,
0.5942418575286865,
-0.3017090857028961,
0.4151957333087921,
0.21525844931602478,
-0.67545086145401,
0.7772734761238098,
1.139147400856018,
-0.3404471278190613,
0.3163866698741913,
-0.6161815524101257,
0.18106801807880402,
0.34618109464645386,
-0.7674983143806458,
0.2823389172554016,
-0.27023839950561523,
0.16022604703903198,
0.9352933168411255,
-0.3061986565589905,
0.9481797218322754,
0.41781431436538696,
0.5677831172943115,
0.43821603059768677,
-0.34787794947624207,
-0.021894365549087524,
0.25726667046546936,
0.23458831012248993,
0.5009366869926453,
0.42813289165496826,
-0.46372872591018677,
-0.4901072680950165,
-0.2394004613161087,
-0.2444963902235031,
0.07475851476192474,
0.4224117398262024,
-0.005720734596252441,
0.6898033618927002,
-0.6562442779541016,
0.8684066534042358,
-0.3104064464569092,
0.34702977538108826,
0.48293718695640564,
-0.5717905759811401,
0.0706876590847969,
0.377449631690979,
-0.0006290227174758911,
-0.7651318907737732,
-0.258124440908432,
0.9347467422485352,
-0.8279843330383301,
0.28403353691101074,
-0.9660983681678772,
0.19308413565158844,
0.5498476028442383,
0.4776981770992279,
-0.5788205862045288,
-0.12286224961280823,
-0.02838926762342453,
-0.3711601197719574,
-1.147487759590149,
-0.20776309072971344,
0.19959108531475067,
-0.4090382754802704,
-0.7786258459091187,
-0.3033449649810791,
-0.3315516412258148,
0.34956908226013184,
0.2551501393318176,
0.6635071635246277,
0.9595249891281128,
-0.23620085418224335,
-0.46553781628608704,
0.4321556091308594,
0.35536903142929077,
-0.05355119705200195,
-0.2426869124174118,
-0.8408061265945435,
-0.5768207311630249,
-0.36368438601493835,
-0.15808972716331482,
0.03399111330509186,
0.335504949092865,
0.9965687990188599,
-1.4818323850631714,
0.23302119970321655,
0.2057616263628006,
0.030468836426734924,
0.30448561906814575,
0.0103650763630867,
0.6953504085540771,
-0.5052632093429565,
1.3529027700424194,
0.3154313564300537,
0.052820250391960144,
0.08687160909175873,
-0.7332680225372314,
0.4486396908760071,
-0.4747593402862549,
-0.07214005291461945,
0.14358671009540558,
0.965857982635498,
0.21414394676685333,
-0.5729525089263916,
-0.6173400282859802,
0.3467956781387329,
-0.08317360281944275,
0.9785785675048828,
0.2006276547908783,
0.24861127138137817,
0.05853872746229172,
-0.36247554421424866,
0.6758891940116882,
-0.46500664949417114,
0.6183749437332153,
0.21183443069458008,
-0.5081205368041992,
-0.5044286251068115,
0.6822485327720642,
0.15724723041057587,
-0.5663999915122986,
0.1803777515888214,
0.5254798531532288,
-0.5079167485237122,
-0.7087702751159668,
-0.30503934621810913,
1.2547167539596558,
0.5596910119056702,
0.9129136204719543,
0.5223782062530518,
0.6984055042266846,
-0.6608543395996094,
-0.4198785722255707,
0.7070584297180176,
0.8706115484237671,
0.002415969967842102,
0.050814494490623474,
-0.6981409192085266,
0.7267236113548279,
-0.3039577901363373,
1.360553503036499,
0.5938728451728821,
0.5930481553077698,
-0.19126324355602264,
0.9554518461227417,
-0.48349425196647644,
0.771199107170105,
1.0980818271636963,
0.1783888339996338,
0.23268362879753113,
-0.7140076160430908,
-0.3424437642097473,
-0.30602991580963135,
0.22629651427268982,
0.8406866788864136,
-0.17052927613258362,
1.6558436155319214,
2.075209379196167,
-0.2033241093158722
] |
will precession mean that this veterans day monument slowly goes out of alignment? | _url_0_ if so, can we calculate by how much, or after how many years it will become noticeable? | no, because our definition of a year is not exactly the time it takes for the earth to make one revolution around the sun. a year is the time it takes to make one revolution, minus the small amount to account for axial precession, such that the sun appears at the same place in the sky at the same time of day every year. for the same reason noon will always be when the sun is directly overhead. | 4 | [] | [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/7c2su2/every_veterans_day_nov_11_at_1111_am_the_sun/"
] | [] | [
-0.32177799940109253,
0.5453858971595764,
0.6291038990020752,
0.3708735704421997,
0.2354152500629425,
-0.2941821813583374,
0.3465877175331116,
-0.8635331988334656,
1.847257375717163,
0.07235561311244965,
0.47409045696258545,
0.1696954071521759,
0.8194979429244995,
-0.8698989152908325,
0.7157416343688965,
-0.21599167585372925,
-0.29540014266967773,
-0.8529776334762573,
-1.8936760425567627,
-0.6427802443504333,
0.6848490834236145,
-1.0317702293395996,
-1.0480057001113892,
-0.2492379993200302,
-0.3476717174053192,
0.4979996383190155,
-0.3797655701637268,
0.029902644455432892,
0.41052520275115967,
0.1916973888874054,
-0.6914057731628418,
1.0078887939453125,
-0.400471568107605,
0.2787964642047882,
-0.4886861741542816,
0.602626383304596,
0.6659125089645386,
0.29846882820129395,
0.1295238584280014,
0.30462807416915894,
0.31075519323349,
-1.33297598361969,
0.010953500866889954,
0.07102452218532562,
0.08156876266002655,
0.8571591973304749,
0.6037725210189819,
0.5353209972381592,
0.07080170512199402,
0.009008049964904785,
-0.08673465251922607,
-0.10677804052829742,
-0.27767622470855713,
-0.7620882987976074,
0.04485546052455902,
1.813713788986206,
0.5336832404136658,
-0.17625972628593445,
1.5146572589874268,
-1.328345537185669,
-1.2121480703353882,
-0.7066388726234436,
-1.3076486587524414,
0.5132644176483154,
1.3411577939987183,
-0.4753468632698059,
-1.27264404296875,
-0.5962433218955994,
-1.5468147993087769,
0.5394238829612732,
-1.0488641262054443,
0.04134739935398102,
0.2697974741458893,
-1.6248112916946411,
-0.048592329025268555,
-0.9208255410194397,
0.40200915932655334,
0.4057939350605011,
-0.2832014262676239,
-0.8320111036300659,
0.9276137948036194,
0.08142971992492676,
-0.8035365343093872,
0.07941100746393204,
0.20612654089927673,
-0.06752640008926392,
0.14678643643856049,
0.7324648499488831,
1.156960368156433,
-1.145301342010498,
-0.8419907093048096,
-0.4553823471069336,
-1.1635230779647827,
0.5688381791114807,
0.09479323774576187,
0.5479904413223267,
-0.14513783156871796,
-1.2745115756988525,
0.9501339197158813,
1.0574092864990234,
-1.0251621007919312,
-0.18946422636508942,
-1.8463698625564575,
1.6552776098251343,
-0.22704699635505676,
-0.7702357769012451,
-0.3466503918170929,
1.0558807849884033,
-0.609194278717041,
-0.09307847917079926,
0.3054245412349701,
-0.8557171821594238,
0.9284197092056274,
-0.31598201394081116,
0.18520383536815643,
0.13668718934059143,
-0.09552863985300064,
-0.007508166134357452,
-1.5485413074493408,
-1.8789198398590088,
0.6036226749420166,
0.5488739013671875,
-0.10458913445472717,
0.5742355585098267,
-0.6666235327720642,
-0.418803870677948,
2.2820284366607666,
0.8261350393295288,
-0.7897417545318604,
0.3397039473056793,
1.251899242401123,
-1.7242748737335205,
-0.09316807985305786,
0.007510591298341751,
-0.6834713816642761,
0.4671761393547058,
2.4269490242004395,
-0.5530582666397095,
0.5717514157295227,
0.30407845973968506,
0.2140820026397705,
-0.12579074501991272,
0.8181941509246826,
-0.9954921007156372,
1.03572416305542,
1.0745643377304077,
0.4375748336315155,
-0.5437753796577454,
0.7661301493644714,
-1.1407636404037476,
-0.6846033930778503,
-1.524852991104126,
-0.13955451548099518,
0.24951311945915222,
-0.4397922158241272,
0.816186249256134,
-0.4287210702896118,
0.2673434615135193,
0.7065536975860596,
0.48964911699295044,
-0.3849279284477234,
1.3856689929962158,
-0.45090150833129883,
-0.7790536284446716,
-0.3933145999908447,
0.5824052095413208,
1.3684431314468384,
-0.07156823575496674,
-0.23496472835540771,
0.6892303824424744,
-0.21047069132328033,
-0.04110901057720184,
0.6155418157577515,
0.6211428642272949,
0.5297367572784424,
0.9255231618881226,
-1.5306143760681152,
0.5566721558570862,
-0.4218120574951172,
0.9756090641021729,
-0.7108126878738403,
-0.7113333940505981,
1.6961138248443604,
0.2646358013153076,
0.24158219993114471,
-0.5814308524131775,
-0.5678315758705139,
0.5763760209083557,
0.3211367726325989,
-0.7274283170700073,
0.12056088447570801,
0.15900713205337524,
-0.716083288192749,
0.8363422155380249,
-0.5265752077102661,
0.394860178232193,
-0.4811769127845764,
0.3950097858905792,
0.2721198797225952,
-0.48983514308929443,
-1.163617491722107,
0.34937554597854614,
1.0772686004638672,
-0.5666436553001404,
2.42604923248291,
0.0523345023393631,
0.7969700694084167,
0.8671242594718933,
-0.6808111667633057,
0.48950472474098206,
0.007479339838027954,
-1.5325350761413574,
0.9023405313491821,
-0.14725936949253082,
0.6871547698974609,
1.129530429840088,
-0.9246413111686707,
-1.291756510734558,
-1.2076330184936523,
-0.6972887516021729,
0.41051822900772095,
-0.15957392752170563,
-0.3916686773300171,
-1.1281459331512451,
1.2833964824676514,
-0.3254793584346771,
-0.7293455004692078,
1.1824288368225098,
1.0563418865203857,
0.3840377628803253,
0.05853700637817383,
0.7199290990829468,
-0.3713257312774658,
2.2786264419555664,
-0.18490183353424072,
-0.4952879846096039,
-1.6927154064178467,
0.28545546531677246,
1.078312873840332,
-1.4303555488586426,
0.651276707649231,
0.7585343718528748,
-0.7726978063583374,
1.5194177627563477,
-0.7135069966316223,
0.5200524926185608,
-1.7559963464736938,
-1.056939721107483,
-0.0816577672958374,
-0.41153937578201294,
0.1695658415555954,
0.19482563436031342,
-1.2362048625946045,
0.22145472466945648,
-1.9465117454528809,
-0.4216576814651489,
-0.6637223958969116,
-0.5445535182952881,
-0.03332658112049103,
1.5668388605117798,
0.5295363068580627,
-1.1598020792007446,
-0.9697443246841431,
-0.022765278816223145,
0.20295752584934235,
-0.0004216376692056656,
0.284742534160614,
0.8874943852424622,
-1.1454930305480957,
0.5012484192848206,
-1.1014633178710938,
1.1857961416244507,
-0.8577220439910889,
-0.0968175083398819,
-0.332174152135849,
-1.294212818145752,
0.6000187397003174,
-0.37089991569519043,
-0.13453730940818787,
0.3464081585407257,
-0.8395516872406006,
-0.43643325567245483,
-0.4880654513835907,
0.2539999783039093,
1.0175236463546753,
-0.550176203250885,
0.4954105615615845,
0.3381170332431793,
0.5370725989341736,
-0.6494249701499939,
0.9194673895835876,
1.9039572477340698,
0.8877360224723816,
-0.1600816249847412,
1.0557506084442139,
-0.4712931513786316,
-2.0009326934814453,
0.028672099113464355,
-0.46571600437164307,
0.42447882890701294,
0.6196066737174988,
-0.4189658761024475,
-0.21207261085510254,
-0.6885656118392944,
-1.6851446628570557,
0.1876455843448639,
0.6465448141098022,
0.425028920173645,
-1.1452701091766357,
-0.895821213722229,
-0.3000207543373108,
-0.751481294631958,
0.0586395226418972,
0.6511435508728027,
-0.17675922811031342,
0.3388746976852417,
0.29077112674713135,
1.0162088871002197,
-0.43157562613487244,
0.35676297545433044,
-0.5832928419113159,
1.2880927324295044,
0.44999969005584717,
-0.44781291484832764,
0.9024389386177063,
-0.8578101992607117,
1.9916573762893677,
0.0667470246553421,
-0.6147134304046631,
-0.24445967376232147,
-0.6726058125495911,
0.5117893815040588,
2.157182216644287,
0.1035953164100647,
1.4014551639556885,
0.4470609724521637,
-0.2749786972999573,
-1.1943620443344116,
-1.0309219360351562,
0.4314787983894348,
0.01682797074317932,
1.1248362064361572,
0.6305873394012451,
-0.060028672218322754,
0.461068332195282,
0.2558690309524536,
-0.2401324361562729,
1.4927396774291992,
-0.6466649770736694,
-0.2165376842021942,
0.2499883472919464,
-0.14901641011238098,
0.6042278409004211,
-0.2642405331134796,
0.000796981155872345,
-1.2162128686904907,
-0.49575677514076233,
0.567346453666687,
-0.3063915967941284,
0.34720227122306824,
0.020805582404136658,
0.5189132690429688,
0.5404414534568787,
1.496304988861084,
-0.556414008140564,
1.3097343444824219,
-0.48264235258102417,
-0.24339225888252258,
-1.0376832485198975,
-0.6301407217979431,
-0.35345345735549927,
1.269596815109253,
1.236159324645996,
-1.3233551979064941,
0.40792936086654663,
-0.7681086659431458,
-0.4843153953552246,
0.3677417039871216,
-0.5590216517448425,
-0.1611028015613556,
-0.5778586864471436,
0.884618878364563,
0.5061872005462646,
-0.5006529092788696
] |
what is ooblek? | from what i know it is made of cornstarch and water, but i mean what state of matter is it? because it isn't really a solid and it isn't really a liquid. | from what i remember of my thermodynamics class, these are called "viscoelastic fluids". basically, theres no such thing as "solid", "liquid", "gas". its "solid" or "fluid". fluids then can be either "liqud", "gas", or "supercritical". for more, see: _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=phase+diagram+of+water"
] | [
-0.9610443115234375,
0.6102491617202759,
0.05807987600564957,
-0.0009222626686096191,
-0.5592374205589294,
-1.397743821144104,
0.7509007453918457,
0.5241757035255432,
0.5609792470932007,
0.10500891506671906,
0.2792826294898987,
-0.7259264588356018,
0.749087929725647,
1.0505497455596924,
0.4136973023414612,
-0.17319753766059875,
-0.9566798210144043,
-0.1998429000377655,
-0.17127276957035065,
0.23157170414924622,
1.0386778116226196,
0.23387855291366577,
-0.745442807674408,
-0.4075659215450287,
0.23114138841629028,
0.32576170563697815,
0.11027604341506958,
0.5895895957946777,
0.4724915623664856,
0.12443907558917999,
-0.01682671532034874,
0.03098897635936737,
0.1444595456123352,
0.43616604804992676,
0.38377469778060913,
-0.28459447622299194,
-0.3145354390144348,
0.44616952538490295,
-0.8705606460571289,
-0.007784053683280945,
-0.39190733432769775,
-1.1700375080108643,
0.49932488799095154,
0.08414632081985474,
0.9390569925308228,
-0.4594961404800415,
-0.28674203157424927,
0.0565614216029644,
0.4640520215034485,
-0.9607219099998474,
-0.37392377853393555,
-0.027347028255462646,
-0.5708486437797546,
0.7345994114875793,
0.30269941687583923,
-0.8455968499183655,
-0.7861685752868652,
-0.9438315629959106,
-0.7440182566642761,
-1.4602301120758057,
0.11111819744110107,
0.24589389562606812,
-0.2930293679237366,
1.2694597244262695,
0.5376101732254028,
0.6880072355270386,
0.3433748781681061,
0.3773519992828369,
-0.20897924900054932,
0.22219328582286835,
-0.4901025891304016,
0.6071547865867615,
0.44908607006073,
1.132697343826294,
0.4773333966732025,
0.2223256230354309,
-0.2985469698905945,
0.9036349654197693,
-0.776584267616272,
-0.16246436536312103,
-0.9875927567481995,
0.2676842212677002,
-0.5914245247840881,
-0.30549681186676025,
-1.0455210208892822,
1.4336788654327393,
1.1332409381866455,
-0.021329522132873535,
0.8434426784515381,
-0.38603663444519043,
-1.1078170537948608,
0.636091411113739,
-0.6488036513328552,
0.4223681390285492,
-0.26035821437835693,
0.2875359356403351,
1.1580883264541626,
-0.9281240701675415,
0.007519125938415527,
1.5174823999404907,
-0.12747235596179962,
0.5345758199691772,
-0.5592804551124573,
0.011763125658035278,
0.08294805884361267,
0.26780956983566284,
0.5734729170799255,
-0.00513872504234314,
0.4462490677833557,
-0.2826855480670929,
-0.10863342881202698,
-0.4123532772064209,
-0.1748446226119995,
-0.3528115153312683,
-0.12263809144496918,
-0.3883194029331207,
0.24318963289260864,
0.06286962330341339,
-0.8855843544006348,
1.130876898765564,
0.0324060320854187,
0.29425248503685,
-1.0000505447387695,
0.3595196306705475,
0.41440972685813904,
-0.17714980244636536,
0.7343350648880005,
-0.20050738751888275,
-0.875798761844635,
0.49869653582572937,
0.7443817853927612,
-0.7877074480056763,
0.0958026796579361,
1.2045483589172363,
0.7366682291030884,
-0.21668338775634766,
0.018745169043540955,
0.30509957671165466,
0.2675875425338745,
1.2468289136886597,
-0.1187751293182373,
0.3699033856391907,
-0.9589353799819946,
-1.0237122774124146,
0.25112050771713257,
0.20653171837329865,
-0.41146954894065857,
-1.1136865615844727,
-0.5066771507263184,
0.7884854078292847,
0.10810394585132599,
-0.08863161504268646,
-0.6934401988983154,
0.6840293407440186,
-0.529879629611969,
-1.1613738536834717,
0.7484103441238403,
0.19190189242362976,
0.8616524934768677,
0.06106144189834595,
-0.5415125489234924,
0.41421809792518616,
-0.30775099992752075,
-0.29931315779685974,
0.5211907625198364,
0.36253926157951355,
-0.02932603657245636,
-0.03696775436401367,
-0.32443374395370483,
-0.0025482177734375,
0.38516929745674133,
0.0381605327129364,
0.37587201595306396,
-0.7028329968452454,
0.14150911569595337,
-0.08342225849628448,
-0.07442651689052582,
-0.43927884101867676,
-0.1479935348033905,
0.5341132283210754,
0.1457217037677765,
0.8885825872421265,
-0.10152915120124817,
-0.02640758454799652,
-1.0098443031311035,
0.1862863004207611,
-0.9521464109420776,
-0.3406316637992859,
0.3144229054450989,
0.030948162078857422,
-0.062264442443847656,
-0.5979939103126526,
-0.668463408946991,
0.11410616338253021,
-0.025350332260131836,
-0.46586620807647705,
0.4816080927848816,
-0.5075979232788086,
-0.893280029296875,
-0.5540825128555298,
-0.6088184118270874,
0.7365933060646057,
0.17502468824386597,
-0.15778601169586182,
0.47651243209838867,
0.15045303106307983,
1.4553816318511963,
-0.13188473880290985,
-1.3190914392471313,
0.10950356721878052,
-0.6188971996307373,
-1.0436396598815918,
-0.5081965923309326,
-0.7019522190093994,
0.3023124635219574,
-0.07438308000564575,
0.32901594042778015,
-0.5314691066741943,
-1.7291224002838135,
0.35865363478660583,
0.06109374761581421,
0.17742758989334106,
-0.3121573030948639,
-0.8253414630889893,
-0.00836317241191864,
-0.007793009281158447,
-1.1825478076934814,
0.7440029382705688,
-0.3415999412536621,
-0.13757994771003723,
1.463808536529541,
-0.5431630611419678,
0.6151351928710938,
0.7409569025039673,
0.4731036126613617,
1.0284334421157837,
-0.03992493450641632,
-0.06088600307703018,
0.5041433572769165,
0.5350869297981262,
-0.8669685125350952,
-1.0395140647888184,
-0.2498811036348343,
0.28767871856689453,
-1.4751136302947998,
1.2057017087936401,
-0.714470624923706,
-0.3579690158367157,
-0.7618967294692993,
0.8856791853904724,
-0.0553533136844635,
0.4609926640987396,
-0.19631749391555786,
1.002467155456543,
1.06745445728302,
1.2552337646484375,
-0.08010989427566528,
-0.7514792084693909,
-1.172737717628479,
-0.19881969690322876,
0.6124269366264343,
-0.17158693075180054,
0.13813060522079468,
-0.44012221693992615,
0.1632879078388214,
-0.5159006118774414,
-0.34407997131347656,
1.209653615951538,
-1.219291090965271,
-0.4198501706123352,
0.47396308183670044,
-1.235384225845337,
1.152010202407837,
-0.437495619058609,
0.6364192962646484,
-0.48000216484069824,
0.3618006706237793,
0.23671649396419525,
0.7188632488250732,
-0.4902772307395935,
-0.9459681510925293,
-0.8313212394714355,
-0.725358784198761,
0.004954919219017029,
-0.5741891860961914,
0.48802077770233154,
-0.11175507307052612,
-0.2677672207355499,
-0.3323095440864563,
0.06975486874580383,
-0.72607421875,
0.36118096113204956,
0.10760674625635147,
-0.846691370010376,
0.9845091104507446,
0.48832082748413086,
-0.09259200096130371,
-1.004961371421814,
0.6066110134124756,
0.0010651051998138428,
-0.6005417704582214,
-0.7130430936813354,
-1.3749545812606812,
-0.05714653804898262,
-0.04491066932678223,
0.8275234699249268,
-0.9003773927688599,
1.1711146831512451,
0.21535173058509827,
-1.4842901229858398,
0.5191349387168884,
0.4013568162918091,
-0.14510399103164673,
-0.23378950357437134,
0.3598150610923767,
0.928579568862915,
-0.8675214648246765,
1.2633877992630005,
-0.2875918745994568,
0.5485862493515015,
-0.1667112410068512,
-0.3836434781551361,
0.7541211247444153,
0.10569366812705994,
-0.06155833601951599,
0.22017470002174377,
-0.014928221702575684,
-0.5618762969970703,
-0.34673023223876953,
-0.25462841987609863,
0.21540415287017822,
-0.1965990960597992,
0.5814507007598877,
-0.8380069732666016,
0.4784185588359833,
-0.1698620617389679,
-0.4106820225715637,
-0.2937573194503784,
-0.5729961395263672,
-0.37501591444015503,
-0.042176686227321625,
-0.004448339343070984,
-0.9542441964149475,
-0.3080297112464905,
0.9211790561676025,
-0.9030049443244934,
0.6387767791748047,
-0.058394014835357666,
-0.8651624917984009,
-0.27953314781188965,
0.20745526254177094,
1.222812294960022,
0.42540693283081055,
0.593709409236908,
1.1180236339569092,
0.27139824628829956,
0.3293883502483368,
0.3569317162036896,
0.43183663487434387,
-0.03199906647205353,
0.3943784832954407,
-0.4324555993080139,
-0.5813604593276978,
0.8437938094139099,
-0.7333657145500183,
1.168844223022461,
-0.26340705156326294,
0.9207192659378052,
0.005439937114715576,
0.15483731031417847,
0.0788094699382782,
0.7322901487350464,
0.6130110025405884,
0.8259961009025574,
0.5566925406455994,
-0.5438017845153809,
-0.843491792678833,
0.5146377086639404,
0.5590150356292725,
0.300563782453537,
0.24209609627723694,
0.6479336023330688,
1.1309773921966553,
-0.690507709980011
] |
how do these geared secateurs work? | i have these geared secateurs, and they have a gearing mechanism which i don't understand. i expected the gears to move as the handles are squeezed, but they do not move at all (they appear to be fixed to the top/thumb handle). are the gears affecting the power of the shearing motion, and if so how? [pic of the secateurs in question](_url_0_) (it is possible they are not functioning correctly, but this seems to be a popular design, so i don't think this is the case.) thanks! | they aren't greats. the nut has spokes that interlock with the smaller spokes on the sides. that prevents the nut from loosening each time you close the clippers. if you want to see what i mean, unscrew the small one to the side. you'll quickly see that the nut will unscrew itself in short order without that piece keeping it fixed. | 4 | [] | [
"https://i.imgur.com/Zr46rB9.jpg"
] | [] | [
-0.7124794721603394,
0.42592549324035645,
0.17754490673542023,
-0.8034933805465698,
-0.6346408128738403,
-0.6700250506401062,
0.3144800662994385,
-0.5316985249519348,
0.3396335244178772,
-0.30798280239105225,
0.3499141335487366,
1.7861038446426392,
-0.044404201209545135,
-0.11608035117387772,
0.32203054428100586,
-0.573746919631958,
-0.7387332916259766,
0.9730576276779175,
-0.8121219277381897,
0.44447073340415955,
0.3552502393722534,
0.4449172616004944,
-0.37709805369377136,
0.11022216081619263,
-0.8415341973304749,
0.49264854192733765,
-0.07619786262512207,
0.10322229564189911,
-0.02219720184803009,
-0.5664258599281311,
0.32423433661460876,
0.4217461943626404,
0.27399924397468567,
0.23685383796691895,
-0.19325518608093262,
0.45031753182411194,
-0.07665728032588959,
0.26095473766326904,
0.6657400727272034,
-0.6672936677932739,
-0.20839831233024597,
0.19574351608753204,
-0.05961080640554428,
-0.01118684932589531,
-0.03180532157421112,
-0.13493981957435608,
0.3269176483154297,
-0.42746561765670776,
0.19143232703208923,
-0.8781524300575256,
-0.4648963510990143,
0.31157663464546204,
-0.07930310070514679,
-0.05324956774711609,
0.2627906799316406,
0.7546302676200867,
0.3041478991508484,
0.2912484407424927,
-0.05561007931828499,
-0.37747883796691895,
0.8880364298820496,
-0.33538228273391724,
-0.3812383711338043,
0.4693012535572052,
0.10645386576652527,
-0.2620924711227417,
0.39829233288764954,
-0.9714995622634888,
-0.6335322856903076,
1.2598333358764648,
-0.00627504289150238,
-0.2870796322822571,
-0.246805801987648,
0.4342781901359558,
0.01932397484779358,
0.9335238337516785,
-0.3493139445781708,
-0.8460518717765808,
-0.31508398056030273,
0.4634271264076233,
-1.3050590753555298,
-0.5841108560562134,
0.297563374042511,
0.4093807339668274,
-0.31144919991493225,
1.0470584630966187,
0.15581201016902924,
-0.13670161366462708,
0.1573880910873413,
-0.14500638842582703,
-0.5074154734611511,
-0.5835279822349548,
0.808310329914093,
0.5167627334594727,
0.6496341228485107,
-0.23650379478931427,
-0.11680541932582855,
-0.9252305626869202,
-1.168888807296753,
-0.5354984402656555,
-0.4488505721092224,
0.014153055846691132,
-0.43182945251464844,
-0.7698636054992676,
0.2671881318092346,
-0.10821738839149475,
-0.4333380460739136,
0.20094630122184753,
-0.09545770287513733,
0.41633760929107666,
0.7201759815216064,
0.6607744693756104,
1.2745792865753174,
0.7624160647392273,
-1.5153510570526123,
-0.5868834853172302,
0.7626994848251343,
-0.5857648253440857,
0.27656781673431396,
-0.6420726180076599,
1.0202267169952393,
-0.33003655076026917,
-1.2085422277450562,
-0.15822237730026245,
-0.02083684504032135,
-0.22484354674816132,
0.09252414107322693,
1.143324851989746,
0.04352959990501404,
0.22174757719039917,
-0.16842669248580933,
-1.5912857055664062,
0.9878650307655334,
0.6333109736442566,
-0.5135759115219116,
-0.026264280080795288,
-0.36775892972946167,
0.5196843147277832,
-0.052285969257354736,
0.3524058163166046,
-0.16585101187229156,
-0.15396149456501007,
-0.4327404499053955,
-0.6646062731742859,
0.5475500822067261,
0.3253277540206909,
-1.3714630603790283,
-0.6487921476364136,
-0.3717429041862488,
0.7198736071586609,
-1.2645142078399658,
-0.7852641344070435,
-0.3280370831489563,
0.359256774187088,
-0.21918517351150513,
0.1753929853439331,
-0.11628253757953644,
0.6680170297622681,
1.0810333490371704,
0.26803213357925415,
-0.7938491106033325,
1.0527456998825073,
-0.033990487456321716,
0.47622618079185486,
0.777209460735321,
-0.2641991376876831,
-0.09468933939933777,
-1.698183536529541,
0.1827414631843567,
0.147441565990448,
-0.10671466588973999,
-0.03628777340054512,
-0.06569643318653107,
-1.488126277923584,
-0.8217355608940125,
0.5860911011695862,
-1.1277694702148438,
0.5034753680229187,
1.8786580562591553,
0.8741071224212646,
0.443822979927063,
0.5286268591880798,
0.16472414135932922,
-0.3285009562969208,
0.4819871783256531,
0.09660162776708603,
-0.2526475191116333,
0.4700915813446045,
-0.77643221616745,
-0.21406789124011993,
0.012399211525917053,
-0.19827066361904144,
0.06831896305084229,
1.600548267364502,
-0.2662460505962372,
0.8136402368545532,
-0.35122591257095337,
0.5586351752281189,
-0.0009450092911720276,
0.25626683235168457,
-0.1996420919895172,
0.53070467710495,
-1.2283375263214111,
-0.4684075117111206,
-1.0160846710205078,
-0.16773982346057892,
0.7492625713348389,
-1.295217514038086,
0.7329157590866089,
0.1435883492231369,
-0.034422241151332855,
-1.3478193283081055,
-1.4979236125946045,
-0.34038037061691284,
-0.4608038067817688,
-0.020233869552612305,
0.6838594675064087,
0.176459401845932,
-0.8764582872390747,
-0.4740665555000305,
-0.14221328496932983,
0.3043501377105713,
-0.01630549132823944,
-1.013455867767334,
-0.42822355031967163,
-0.45480459928512573,
0.4172050952911377,
1.6357483863830566,
-0.5124356746673584,
0.42293837666511536,
0.2796274423599243,
0.14674097299575806,
-0.7131997346878052,
0.11397907137870789,
0.5668319463729858,
-0.02122434973716736,
-0.27154701948165894,
0.45532310009002686,
1.1338512897491455,
0.25378453731536865,
0.5047116875648499,
0.32747647166252136,
0.2092536836862564,
0.01917243003845215,
0.35599485039711,
-0.47545143961906433,
0.037424322217702866,
1.4635752439498901,
0.043902814388275146,
0.08954577147960663,
0.5405871868133545,
0.07440230250358582,
-1.029137134552002,
-0.015138089656829834,
0.7642450928688049,
-0.7690050005912781,
-0.28289610147476196,
-0.5074580907821655,
-1.1080474853515625,
-0.9670344591140747,
-0.7563108801841736,
-0.5702077150344849,
0.0815373882651329,
-0.1601688265800476,
0.07451644539833069,
-0.21094325184822083,
0.5447657108306885,
1.2660588026046753,
-1.0270315408706665,
-0.7974914312362671,
0.5859209895133972,
0.5824399590492249,
-0.08410346508026123,
-0.03783947229385376,
-0.4737186133861542,
1.3218129873275757,
0.6493402719497681,
-0.1026286631822586,
-0.3102646768093109,
1.6312731504440308,
0.1055019348859787,
-0.4184340238571167,
-0.4456067383289337,
0.5613492727279663,
0.1954432725906372,
-0.20418614149093628,
-0.05787060409784317,
-0.9932109713554382,
1.8366868495941162,
-0.4486287534236908,
0.059605225920677185,
0.46832525730133057,
0.2610488533973694,
-0.6004680395126343,
1.4269723892211914,
1.2288353443145752,
1.190108299255371,
-0.7176207304000854,
0.9425930976867676,
0.5656980276107788,
-0.6514133214950562,
-0.475520521402359,
-1.2076425552368164,
0.32309311628341675,
0.2717052102088928,
0.11773927509784698,
-0.1232869029045105,
0.549299418926239,
-0.32403668761253357,
0.5737184286117554,
-0.7185943126678467,
0.9008415341377258,
0.35121995210647583,
0.9154950976371765,
-0.6211761236190796,
0.003539547324180603,
1.4076261520385742,
0.2185695916414261,
0.33722934126853943,
0.05963775888085365,
0.38719820976257324,
-0.5119020938873291,
0.4648781418800354,
-0.015488788485527039,
-1.0419312715530396,
0.47818684577941895,
0.09058746695518494,
0.062213100492954254,
-0.45997580885887146,
0.15499289333820343,
0.191193625330925,
0.3007449507713318,
-1.2638401985168457,
0.5961610078811646,
0.007020086050033569,
1.1006479263305664,
0.16496267914772034,
-0.7206916809082031,
-0.5190630555152893,
0.0848030224442482,
-1.3259400129318237,
-0.004286404699087143,
1.1868687868118286,
0.5620684623718262,
-0.8199635744094849,
-0.7244933843612671,
-0.9968366026878357,
0.16976773738861084,
-0.07975652813911438,
0.19420407712459564,
-0.1974024623632431,
0.7712103724479675,
1.1425604820251465,
0.4440396726131439,
-0.9344251155853271,
0.8526883721351624,
-0.4312288165092468,
0.7076328992843628,
1.052624225616455,
-0.6269649267196655,
-0.2878418564796448,
-1.1947267055511475,
-1.1330411434173584,
1.2672690153121948,
-1.7813620567321777,
0.08476555347442627,
0.4249652624130249,
-0.09235389530658722,
-1.1015173196792603,
1.1668715476989746,
0.9901014566421509,
0.47242602705955505,
-0.16366922855377197,
-0.35861197113990784,
-0.3068932294845581,
-0.529120147228241,
0.389004111289978,
0.13312941789627075,
-0.7823641300201416,
0.7609533667564392,
0.01375512033700943,
-0.338193416595459,
0.35687583684921265,
0.8469882011413574
] |
is human placenta metadiscoidal or monodiscoidal? | the human placenta is both metadiscoidal and monodiscoidal. metadiscoidal refers to the way the developing placenta becomes discoidal - the villi are scattered at first and then become restricted to one disc, meaning the placenta becomes monodiscoidal. discoidal refers to the structure of the placenta and mono meaning that there is only one disc. some other primates have bidiscoid placetae, where the placenta forms two discs. the main ways of classifying the placenta are: diffuse (horse) cotyledonary (cow/sheep) zonary (ferret/dog/cat) discoid (rodent/human/apes) metadiscoidal fits under discoidal, but is named as such due to the way in which the membrane forms up. | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.515214741230011,
-0.6584138870239258,
0.4416505694389343,
-0.0626385509967804,
-2.1856539249420166,
-1.4582016468048096,
1.4498268365859985,
0.8471720218658447,
2.722109317779541,
1.6487077474594116,
2.2459750175476074,
-0.958685040473938,
0.07544346153736115,
-0.5229573249816895,
0.1316017359495163,
-2.6237549781799316,
-0.03587353229522705,
-0.24436038732528687,
-0.7665959596633911,
1.7110506296157837,
1.6442698240280151,
1.5017627477645874,
-0.6688709259033203,
-1.4103569984436035,
-2.8007616996765137,
-2.106168508529663,
-1.4407682418823242,
1.2350599765777588,
-0.0870727002620697,
-1.2460993528366089,
0.33754223585128784,
2.2455976009368896,
-1.339170217514038,
-0.026196420192718506,
1.3355494737625122,
-0.2513508200645447,
-0.26880693435668945,
0.5398373603820801,
0.7565711736679077,
1.2646842002868652,
-0.7371689677238464,
-0.9385996460914612,
-0.16924850642681122,
1.3879302740097046,
1.4137400388717651,
0.5456981062889099,
0.7092368602752686,
0.9441596269607544,
0.2231665551662445,
-0.13187548518180847,
0.9592116475105286,
-0.5588775277137756,
-1.9534131288528442,
1.4859575033187866,
0.19718298316001892,
0.3514031171798706,
-1.5945141315460205,
-0.32378867268562317,
1.6486612558364868,
-0.13155515491962433,
0.5066573619842529,
0.9290185570716858,
0.12977555394172668,
1.440908432006836,
0.6018176078796387,
-1.5050952434539795,
-0.1626700758934021,
-0.6289787292480469,
0.2617237865924835,
0.980088472366333,
0.9547231197357178,
0.4770810604095459,
-0.4864240884780884,
0.6425173878669739,
-0.4081152081489563,
0.30389559268951416,
-0.1968788504600525,
-0.4921407401561737,
-0.8192422389984131,
-1.1844151020050049,
-0.6827713251113892,
1.004315972328186,
-0.9745675325393677,
-0.4453001916408539,
-0.7975131273269653,
1.4900575876235962,
-1.201673150062561,
0.9219618439674377,
-2.1775808334350586,
-0.23440060019493103,
-1.4690608978271484,
-1.0082931518554688,
0.5005592107772827,
-0.6572877168655396,
-2.4112298488616943,
-0.3036077618598938,
0.6523159742355347,
-0.7091516852378845,
1.8721609115600586,
-0.44272154569625854,
-2.4881784915924072,
-0.6858490109443665,
-1.096474528312683,
1.974557876586914,
-0.7031528949737549,
-0.7822309732437134,
-0.08779801428318024,
0.13474318385124207,
0.8521040081977844,
0.48941755294799805,
-2.135894536972046,
0.30841752886772156,
0.6387251615524292,
0.687389075756073,
-0.5074848532676697,
-0.16519296169281006,
0.7252401113510132,
-0.7907013893127441,
-0.007426023483276367,
-0.2760353684425354,
-0.1667851060628891,
-1.0008543729782104,
-1.2420762777328491,
0.4530335068702698,
1.4525030851364136,
-1.0476593971252441,
0.5168215036392212,
0.43558037281036377,
0.42915183305740356,
0.9601176977157593,
2.3087666034698486,
-0.9725468158721924,
-0.21030141413211823,
0.29440051317214966,
-2.7472281455993652,
-1.3090245723724365,
-0.22652249038219452,
0.7923951745033264,
-2.5559895038604736,
-1.3606243133544922,
-1.0078434944152832,
-1.1707993745803833,
-0.290632039308548,
-1.173560380935669,
0.18689417839050293,
-0.9954903721809387,
-0.3793335258960724,
-0.32070136070251465,
-1.102398157119751,
2.967477798461914,
-0.7258938550949097,
-1.2127089500427246,
-0.6746926307678223,
0.4679793119430542,
-2.1319258213043213,
-0.964348316192627,
-0.8382476568222046,
0.9674220085144043,
0.2641540765762329,
0.07735446840524673,
0.7935318946838379,
1.1497325897216797,
-1.213007926940918,
3.1478171348571777,
-0.302926629781723,
-1.6510803699493408,
-0.8206828832626343,
1.2216739654541016,
-0.7669817209243774,
-2.248506546020508,
0.25106292963027954,
1.4739856719970703,
1.1023967266082764,
-1.5778437852859497,
-0.15150921046733856,
0.7822235226631165,
-0.12800046801567078,
0.8080635666847229,
-0.4798581600189209,
1.6399812698364258,
0.4657382369041443,
-0.060433924198150635,
1.4450156688690186,
1.5543681383132935,
-0.41969555616378784,
-1.4113105535507202,
-0.6717019081115723,
1.2022643089294434,
1.05303955078125,
-1.016370177268982,
-0.6956661939620972,
1.2558070421218872,
0.9737675189971924,
0.16878852248191833,
0.05457204580307007,
-2.0071945190429688,
0.7518507242202759,
-0.7033779621124268,
-0.38941600918769836,
-0.44592663645744324,
0.033878833055496216,
0.13622072339057922,
0.3806815445423126,
0.21546441316604614,
0.8048336505889893,
0.09423425793647766,
-0.25370660424232483,
1.0630651712417603,
-1.8568707704544067,
1.6171997785568237,
-2.5953333377838135,
-0.6130817532539368,
-1.3219348192214966,
0.1482185423374176,
0.5544387698173523,
1.3569145202636719,
0.9629406929016113,
-0.777934730052948,
2.1415841579437256,
-1.6003451347351074,
0.49777084589004517,
-2.7441349029541016,
0.32263636589050293,
-1.4919183254241943,
-1.1792362928390503,
0.2478359341621399,
-0.3552902340888977,
0.3754376769065857,
0.08294893056154251,
0.38683196902275085,
0.1405836045742035,
0.31595391035079956,
-1.3640350103378296,
0.6930119395256042,
0.31831327080726624,
0.8420909643173218,
-0.7181276082992554,
-0.4204680025577545,
0.3967294692993164,
0.6500669121742249,
-0.7090339660644531,
1.775010347366333,
-0.8973624110221863,
1.2329487800598145,
-2.0118744373321533,
-0.2943558990955353,
-0.28274399042129517,
-0.41066426038742065,
-0.011277079582214355,
0.15170498192310333,
-1.550002932548523,
0.07509143650531769,
-1.509995698928833,
1.0505198240280151,
-1.3901771306991577,
-1.5535099506378174,
-0.48169633746147156,
0.6036280393600464,
0.7454779148101807,
0.507165789604187,
-1.069687008857727,
-1.2991738319396973,
0.4025663733482361,
-1.100574254989624,
-1.835614800453186,
0.19052062928676605,
-0.07502609491348267,
1.995495319366455,
-0.135301411151886,
2.0815649032592773,
-0.08007347583770752,
1.1761021614074707,
1.8582000732421875,
0.3751053810119629,
-1.0441675186157227,
0.4761301279067993,
-1.6470876932144165,
-2.229616403579712,
1.1963142156600952,
-0.39673733711242676,
-1.6268478631973267,
-0.8311707377433777,
-0.046852000057697296,
1.0435017347335815,
0.6006048917770386,
-0.3663080930709839,
0.8597818613052368,
0.8416815400123596,
1.2137997150421143,
-0.2541590631008148,
-0.6072092056274414,
1.9804682731628418,
0.05259108543395996,
0.9131916761398315,
0.753414511680603,
1.290572166442871,
-1.0262051820755005,
-1.2640146017074585,
0.6074355244636536,
0.22756759822368622,
-0.2668711841106415,
-0.27919766306877136,
-1.7786787748336792,
1.1614859104156494,
-0.4802912771701813,
0.4728599488735199,
0.7060551643371582,
0.09195272624492645,
2.8378210067749023,
-2.7979695796966553,
-0.7737804651260376,
0.586341917514801,
0.6940551400184631,
1.49381422996521,
-0.1950351595878601,
0.2005418837070465,
0.7445527911186218,
-0.6365224719047546,
1.917525053024292,
1.0987948179244995,
0.07107573747634888,
-0.9147529006004333,
0.22520315647125244,
-2.949397087097168,
2.024108409881592,
0.5500884056091309,
0.03465118259191513,
-0.6779335737228394,
1.537520408630371,
0.5376923084259033,
-0.9914301037788391,
1.6738622188568115,
0.16181287169456482,
-1.534156084060669,
-0.4337351322174072,
1.8449695110321045,
0.04636475443840027,
0.7378202676773071,
-1.333549976348877,
0.07515674829483032,
-1.9491214752197266,
-0.45812278985977173,
-0.25417494773864746,
0.10809946060180664,
0.037890344858169556,
0.23481154441833496,
-1.106751561164856,
-0.3676477074623108,
-2.245504379272461,
-0.6667584180831909,
0.5218545794487,
1.0573523044586182,
0.5260294079780579,
-0.09581324458122253,
0.8908200263977051,
0.6899747848510742,
-0.7522479891777039,
1.7333921194076538,
0.549458384513855,
-0.5350905656814575,
0.4824346899986267,
1.3827483654022217,
-0.10812589526176453,
1.0822858810424805,
0.7231622934341431,
1.5228954553604126,
0.8541330099105835,
1.3510851860046387,
-0.3860849142074585,
-1.8061171770095825,
0.5981946587562561,
0.743224561214447,
1.4427021741867065,
-0.032182008028030396,
-1.8679536581039429,
0.4346572458744049,
0.40258264541625977,
1.5488543510437012,
1.0255367755889893,
2.732832908630371,
-0.9191446304321289,
2.8139593601226807,
5.132735729217529,
-0.5919732451438904
] |
|
electrochemical cell salt bridge? | in relation to battery cells, what is the purpose of a salt bridge? i understand that it is used to neutralise the solutions between two half cells by allowing ion transfer but why is that necessary? if, for example, the following cell was set up: zn(s) | zn^2+ (aq) || cu^2+ (aq) | cu(s) with the following two equilibria occurring in each half cell separately: zn^2+ + 2e^- > zn cu^2+ + 2e^- > cu then, with zinc having a higher tendency to ionise and so has a more negatively charged electrode relative to copper, surely a potential difference should still occur between the two electrodes without a salt bridge being in place. there is still a non uniform distribution of electrons. however, when i performed this experimentally using a zero current voltmeter, i was unable to detect a current until a salt bridge was in place. so why would having two non neutral, disconnected solutions of ions affect electron transfer between electrodes? | in order for you to measure a potential difference, there must be some finite flow of electrons between the electrodes (even if the multimeter claims to be zero current). a typical multimeter operating in voltage mode uses a high impedance circuit, but there still must be some minimum current in order for a signal to be read. without a salt bridge to provide charge balance for the electrochemical reaction taking place, the reaction won't proceed far enough for that minimum current to be produced. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.5332432985305786,
0.46400773525238037,
-0.11220234632492065,
-0.022153623402118683,
-0.29668134450912476,
-0.7358635663986206,
-0.22117093205451965,
0.7220281958580017,
-0.16280703246593475,
-0.09681717306375504,
0.11371491104364395,
-0.3933781087398529,
0.4313899278640747,
0.9027830958366394,
-0.4194379448890686,
-0.5759620666503906,
0.14203807711601257,
0.2894415855407715,
-0.1505344659090042,
0.3728618323802948,
1.3550360202789307,
0.35737383365631104,
-0.28166037797927856,
-0.605070948600769,
-0.13847628235816956,
-0.05083640664815903,
1.1385747194290161,
0.14983530342578888,
-0.11522118747234344,
-0.2572498321533203,
-0.26869621872901917,
0.8547326326370239,
-0.6671581268310547,
-0.19916927814483643,
-1.2701711654663086,
0.01031702384352684,
0.1516164392232895,
-1.147035837173462,
-0.026574579998850822,
0.564383864402771,
-0.3054204285144806,
0.7225560545921326,
0.2772425413131714,
0.5722252130508423,
-0.27867454290390015,
1.5594627857208252,
1.2668735980987549,
-0.39473584294319153,
-0.25413256883621216,
-1.168944001197815,
-0.09834280610084534,
0.7714482545852661,
0.7507245540618896,
-0.20835882425308228,
-0.7598596811294556,
-0.18769200146198273,
0.040254414081573486,
-0.40304046869277954,
-0.946313738822937,
-0.7494136095046997,
-0.05327501893043518,
-0.24708037078380585,
0.03518124297261238,
-0.9773433208465576,
1.2441277503967285,
-0.1942339986562729,
0.46865251660346985,
0.09432534128427505,
0.05465627461671829,
0.8428299427032471,
-0.47976744174957275,
-0.13479647040367126,
-0.18060128390789032,
-0.9555035829544067,
0.862378716468811,
0.41609516739845276,
-0.5771543979644775,
0.43810391426086426,
0.4817779064178467,
0.6622953414916992,
-1.1645925045013428,
-1.0953426361083984,
-0.7942635416984558,
-1.0763157606124878,
0.028623729944229126,
0.1960183084011078,
0.3891834020614624,
-0.05338737368583679,
0.21169140934944153,
0.5197070837020874,
0.056715890765190125,
0.5883744359016418,
-1.990093469619751,
-0.35562828183174133,
-0.19894200563430786,
1.1181013584136963,
-0.11509726941585541,
0.6375223398208618,
0.11359803378582001,
0.2585834264755249,
0.561905026435852,
0.5156943798065186,
-2.8079426288604736,
-0.31287258863449097,
0.0339779257774353,
-0.7925347089767456,
-0.03903613239526749,
0.26318180561065674,
-1.001734733581543,
-0.037540823221206665,
0.7611091732978821,
0.03411969542503357,
0.02656237781047821,
-0.17502538859844208,
0.8095043897628784,
-0.014563947916030884,
-0.03075067698955536,
0.09857900440692902,
0.18158477544784546,
-0.339199036359787,
-0.8789941072463989,
-0.375480055809021,
-1.2030940055847168,
-0.46376514434814453,
0.24981501698493958,
0.9450228810310364,
0.8942553400993347,
-0.0814259946346283,
-0.35346394777297974,
0.5691916346549988,
0.06753922998905182,
-0.7232580780982971,
-0.6764647364616394,
0.9574524164199829,
-0.9778753519058228,
1.779066801071167,
2.4591681957244873,
0.04040248692035675,
-1.370438814163208,
2.1313669681549072,
1.0481350421905518,
1.4268652200698853,
-0.6496471166610718,
-1.513502597808838,
-0.19363731145858765,
-0.3910340666770935,
0.425467848777771,
-0.6130319237709045,
0.37736669182777405,
-1.1941062211990356,
0.0864897072315216,
-0.3778144121170044,
-0.08334186673164368,
-0.12271802127361298,
-0.024367034435272217,
-0.019389204680919647,
-0.837526798248291,
-0.09104515612125397,
0.4044732451438904,
0.5386751890182495,
0.06111917644739151,
0.9888405799865723,
-0.30690979957580566,
0.829975962638855,
-0.4688869118690491,
1.4854596853256226,
0.1597941368818283,
-0.5318150520324707,
-0.018185719847679138,
0.7547739744186401,
-0.7356923818588257,
0.40862512588500977,
0.36710649728775024,
-1.2613778114318848,
-0.6058149933815002,
-0.2547283172607422,
-0.6941279768943787,
-0.1591598242521286,
-0.03469705581665039,
-0.46866390109062195,
-0.8299463391304016,
0.4901348948478699,
0.7582470178604126,
0.5388913750648499,
0.19833903014659882,
0.31682851910591125,
0.4388042390346527,
1.0570595264434814,
-1.9437099695205688,
1.2743158340454102,
-0.5969359874725342,
0.42488807439804077,
0.8661799430847168,
2.1827261447906494,
0.16858015954494476,
-0.8953798413276672,
-0.9361048936843872,
-0.2950764298439026,
-0.18091760575771332,
-0.7682676315307617,
0.3108803331851959,
0.390375018119812,
-0.20922252535820007,
1.2054075002670288,
0.1978112757205963,
-0.6307047605514526,
1.6570395231246948,
-1.0610816478729248,
-1.0805692672729492,
0.1425492763519287,
0.06407251209020615,
-1.0322580337524414,
0.7818031311035156,
-0.3584004044532776,
0.004703253507614136,
0.028719723224639893,
-0.95148766040802,
-0.333814799785614,
-0.6768619418144226,
0.5652053952217102,
1.0668928623199463,
-0.21614407002925873,
1.477317452430725,
-0.8969913125038147,
0.3460504412651062,
0.49250781536102295,
-0.4692164659500122,
0.07733802497386932,
0.06631973385810852,
0.59513920545578,
0.8712230324745178,
-0.878623366355896,
-0.13673442602157593,
1.0578413009643555,
0.3707613945007324,
-0.8887054920196533,
-0.9879505634307861,
1.0064547061920166,
-0.8112630248069763,
-1.4361982345581055,
-1.0780212879180908,
-0.6429476737976074,
0.3902701735496521,
0.48659956455230713,
0.017704516649246216,
1.5346680879592896,
0.251179039478302,
-0.30653777718544006,
0.42154327034950256,
0.42380791902542114,
-0.7150136232376099,
0.3388519883155823,
-0.38307762145996094,
0.5596325993537903,
-0.21262316405773163,
-0.18767395615577698,
0.8339390754699707,
0.5085830092430115,
-0.42213091254234314,
-1.409554362297058,
0.9900469183921814,
1.8812565803527832,
0.9806188344955444,
-0.0894356369972229,
0.8754128813743591,
1.1363431215286255,
0.8845399022102356,
-0.09954223036766052,
-0.38438352942466736,
-0.046931564807891846,
-0.3381395637989044,
-0.7837039232254028,
0.04655581712722778,
-0.18745338916778564,
0.005508825182914734,
-1.3498716354370117,
-0.6689149737358093,
-0.6283565759658813,
-0.4871423840522766,
-0.2057085782289505,
-0.5689184665679932,
-0.51511549949646,
0.29010045528411865,
0.5783491730690002,
0.4079365134239197,
-1.3235228061676025,
0.12931714951992035,
-1.440535306930542,
0.2886804938316345,
0.08141018450260162,
0.7153106331825256,
1.1483615636825562,
1.779949426651001,
-0.08526544272899628,
0.8479601740837097,
1.3633795976638794,
1.3540372848510742,
-1.3854933977127075,
-0.24295353889465332,
-0.14021627604961395,
0.9882010221481323,
-0.24587370455265045,
-0.6472885608673096,
-0.8029733896255493,
0.10665617883205414,
1.1742699146270752,
-0.010303753428161144,
0.3195675015449524,
0.4533286392688751,
-0.7390106916427612,
0.6954517960548401,
-0.12083110958337784,
0.7777890563011169,
0.6682480573654175,
-1.1086063385009766,
1.254417061805725,
-0.011188089847564697,
0.05565814673900604,
-0.6328160762786865,
0.1474485695362091,
-0.4326343536376953,
-0.38007140159606934,
0.3027995824813843,
-1.0104478597640991,
1.141898274421692,
0.0072419047355651855,
-0.24930883944034576,
-1.3360651731491089,
-0.011555761098861694,
0.0018868334591388702,
1.3158438205718994,
-0.0845101922750473,
-0.14456899464130402,
-0.5512502789497375,
0.7849667072296143,
0.9934014678001404,
-0.5072358250617981,
-1.25507652759552,
-1.1197537183761597,
0.726770281791687,
-0.9415279626846313,
0.5491321086883545,
-0.13124960660934448,
0.4267268180847168,
1.7874420881271362,
0.36662018299102783,
-0.6339021325111389,
0.08073471486568451,
-1.4047492742538452,
-1.0254144668579102,
-0.2999187707901001,
0.6332269310951233,
1.3708101511001587,
0.8959409594535828,
0.4555422067642212,
-1.4471337795257568,
0.057290345430374146,
0.5954177379608154,
-0.26101014018058777,
-0.2451353371143341,
-2.514375686645508,
-0.4416034519672394,
-0.8594492077827454,
1.2311158180236816,
-0.5006914138793945,
-0.21314403414726257,
0.1851077675819397,
-0.3442634046077728,
-1.0982556343078613,
1.7388354539871216,
-0.04353317618370056,
0.9576971530914307,
0.731358528137207,
-0.6637595295906067,
0.797763466835022,
0.29671868681907654,
-0.4265426695346832,
-0.07959866523742676,
-1.8282805681228638,
0.3575447201728821,
-0.39811447262763977,
0.39552953839302063,
0.6620655059814453,
-0.046100251376628876
] |
a difficult high school physics forces question | _url_0_ hi guys just to clarify, this isnt my homework, its just something a friend of mine showed from his brothers high school. now i was pretty good in physics then but this one is just cruel haha. i have drawn the force diagram for the normal forces and the weight of the rod but can't really work in the trigo stuff.. anyone has any idea? | i'm in ap physics and we have never had a single question like this, nor do i think such a question even appears on the exam. this is nuts. | 5 | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/Fe7Rb"
] | [] | [
-0.16374436020851135,
-0.22784996032714844,
-0.313484251499176,
0.19274431467056274,
-0.05587361752986908,
-0.7442887425422668,
0.4206852316856384,
-0.16480137407779694,
0.6140143871307373,
-0.32935819029808044,
-0.2212066501379013,
0.14196842908859253,
-0.37387844920158386,
-0.29936110973358154,
0.6937426328659058,
-0.39816901087760925,
0.18260493874549866,
-1.155107021331787,
-0.3504958748817444,
0.6345518827438354,
0.31691211462020874,
-0.06357070803642273,
-0.109112448990345,
-0.1631644368171692,
-0.5921430587768555,
0.3893605172634125,
0.29967647790908813,
-0.31999871134757996,
-0.30741196870803833,
-0.05881326645612717,
0.07094329595565796,
0.6828415989875793,
-0.008632127195596695,
-0.07602950930595398,
0.0994604304432869,
0.2078092396259308,
0.6654490232467651,
0.17266350984573364,
0.4661044776439667,
0.11722911894321442,
0.33400413393974304,
-0.7240867018699646,
-0.015878573060035706,
0.10197584331035614,
0.013821631669998169,
0.18473175168037415,
0.02918611466884613,
-0.09708675742149353,
0.06288283318281174,
0.2505075931549072,
-1.1658231019973755,
0.2162800133228302,
0.6329291462898254,
-0.22742506861686707,
0.5127947330474854,
0.3414387106895447,
0.3395139276981354,
-0.405807763338089,
-0.4630843997001648,
-0.06483431905508041,
-0.1062278151512146,
-0.3496988117694855,
0.13922744989395142,
0.368203341960907,
1.0916800498962402,
-0.5995914340019226,
0.36239105463027954,
0.07540290057659149,
-0.05607636272907257,
0.2344546616077423,
-0.2900520861148834,
0.31972628831863403,
0.49619007110595703,
1.106222152709961,
0.2863955795764923,
-0.46226415038108826,
-0.2808438539505005,
-0.44921207427978516,
-0.09780838340520859,
0.32077810168266296,
-0.5852946639060974,
-0.8423793315887451,
-0.5100752711296082,
-0.2421538531780243,
-0.30736207962036133,
0.37491703033447266,
0.07533469796180725,
0.5928583741188049,
-0.34837958216667175,
-0.1488126814365387,
-0.26696035265922546,
-0.2944207489490509,
0.3945452570915222,
0.6310687065124512,
0.38967543840408325,
0.29469695687294006,
0.15100786089897156,
-1.087312936782837,
-0.5330931544303894,
0.3788500130176544,
-0.07184408605098724,
0.21220001578330994,
-0.0517936646938324,
-0.3254157602787018,
-0.18316203355789185,
-0.22061127424240112,
-0.21836289763450623,
0.15574365854263306,
0.2013895958662033,
0.21463516354560852,
-0.07566557824611664,
0.36827215552330017,
0.2697158753871918,
-0.25749966502189636,
-0.623132586479187,
-0.6390318870544434,
0.47730326652526855,
0.21316953003406525,
0.14651885628700256,
-0.265215665102005,
-0.11048787832260132,
-0.3265683650970459,
-0.04451998323202133,
0.04989725351333618,
-0.03824524208903313,
-0.7335807085037231,
-0.48003512620925903,
1.0062912702560425,
0.08167414367198944,
0.4993288218975067,
0.540056586265564,
-0.4901560842990875,
-0.2929012179374695,
0.7541877031326294,
-0.15852846205234528,
-0.2795940041542053,
0.8471457362174988,
0.05363240838050842,
0.5879608392715454,
0.6667913198471069,
-0.03167983889579773,
-0.3385581374168396,
0.28472113609313965,
0.0011401213705539703,
-0.03407043218612671,
-0.10761295258998871,
0.1782909780740738,
-0.25462859869003296,
-0.3156662881374359,
0.18559449911117554,
-0.3260153532028198,
-0.2788042724132538,
-0.11989260464906693,
0.03456574305891991,
0.1069975346326828,
-0.3676621615886688,
0.10625925660133362,
0.4228874444961548,
0.38194340467453003,
0.37902653217315674,
-0.850806713104248,
0.43535733222961426,
0.056517165154218674,
0.6050291061401367,
0.2847786545753479,
-0.4294974207878113,
-0.40762388706207275,
-0.5133806467056274,
0.25239959359169006,
-0.33896568417549133,
0.6917192935943604,
0.3436966836452484,
-0.4808051884174347,
-0.11586157977581024,
-0.583273708820343,
0.3704933822154999,
-0.3649104833602905,
0.01375848799943924,
0.5997450351715088,
-0.10361766815185547,
0.7127365469932556,
-0.016778727993369102,
0.6993289589881897,
0.4685906767845154,
0.10344760864973068,
-0.17943942546844482,
-0.3604333996772766,
0.12911607325077057,
-0.009825997054576874,
-0.2913020849227905,
-0.24300959706306458,
0.510582447052002,
-0.6440346837043762,
0.23145748674869537,
-0.537390410900116,
-0.04797063767910004,
0.6177753210067749,
0.3549483120441437,
0.32059118151664734,
0.28167834877967834,
-0.3646158277988434,
0.027826368808746338,
0.21267519891262054,
-0.6379912495613098,
-0.036757782101631165,
-0.29829710721969604,
0.39003875851631165,
0.28773385286331177,
0.1580924391746521,
0.16854992508888245,
0.261911541223526,
-0.7110592722892761,
-0.9711953401565552,
0.23364584147930145,
-0.2183467447757721,
0.9002320766448975,
0.21184290945529938,
-0.2514497637748718,
0.15119078755378723,
0.1967593878507614,
0.05336421728134155,
-0.1460973173379898,
-0.7774756550788879,
-0.7047277688980103,
-0.8049687147140503,
-0.6789689064025879,
-0.29670703411102295,
0.9937476515769958,
0.3497241139411926,
-0.4383027255535126,
0.37765657901763916,
0.364461749792099,
-0.2540605962276459,
-0.17829382419586182,
-0.13361135125160217,
-0.15643846988677979,
-0.2560631036758423,
0.03765030950307846,
0.47095245122909546,
0.255847692489624,
-0.5270954370498657,
-0.49929338693618774,
0.19506853818893433,
-0.4068026840686798,
-0.3366868793964386,
0.30164897441864014,
0.3048677444458008,
0.5387395024299622,
-0.46326184272766113,
0.3570306599140167,
-0.01293037086725235,
-0.3359626531600952,
-0.7288398742675781,
0.22609879076480865,
0.2787681818008423,
-0.18182678520679474,
-0.6913118958473206,
-0.40966561436653137,
-0.28482767939567566,
-0.1474556028842926,
0.20522251725196838,
-0.9362245202064514,
0.16482393443584442,
-0.5998585224151611,
-0.3851196765899658,
0.2037021517753601,
-0.14768272638320923,
1.38010835647583,
-0.617986261844635,
0.4772722125053406,
0.49109798669815063,
-0.2282155156135559,
-0.02106509357690811,
0.33788517117500305,
0.24670542776584625,
0.27778688073158264,
-0.004398077726364136,
-0.24483470618724823,
-0.4624832272529602,
0.4158966839313507,
-0.6792671084403992,
-0.20497547090053558,
-0.08501485735177994,
0.4384707808494568,
0.34929999709129333,
0.2360491156578064,
-0.4344603419303894,
0.14019200205802917,
0.5870566368103027,
-0.132748544216156,
0.3192318081855774,
0.7017256021499634,
-0.2959418296813965,
0.09800779819488525,
0.9220127463340759,
0.11628508567810059,
-0.514826774597168,
-0.37607866525650024,
0.6334224939346313,
0.7175081968307495,
-0.19417665898799896,
-0.3957003355026245,
-0.8556735515594482,
0.15275779366493225,
-0.26862600445747375,
0.34056997299194336,
-0.2982090711593628,
0.40724945068359375,
-0.4973653256893158,
-0.02285584807395935,
-0.44006556272506714,
-0.20653462409973145,
-0.044083382934331894,
0.24805641174316406,
-0.08933207392692566,
-0.21426236629486084,
-0.6583513617515564,
0.5280675888061523,
0.4367276430130005,
0.1989336460828781,
0.08656419813632965,
-0.35406598448753357,
-0.13449832797050476,
0.20388032495975494,
-0.17409557104110718,
0.28920432925224304,
0.3620526194572449,
-0.2974974513053894,
0.17769016325473785,
-0.12725916504859924,
-0.8116014003753662,
0.3151009976863861,
-0.5695167779922485,
0.6289359331130981,
0.9496307373046875,
0.1490994393825531,
-0.09086047112941742,
0.2732809782028198,
-0.7740084528923035,
0.6237390041351318,
0.050774842500686646,
-0.05188556760549545,
0.2627483308315277,
1.0510929822921753,
0.3549189865589142,
0.21436183154582977,
-0.011511459946632385,
-0.276528537273407,
0.26127520203590393,
-0.13176229596138,
-1.1466811895370483,
0.3259150981903076,
0.31359750032424927,
-0.14109891653060913,
-0.23147642612457275,
0.16638323664665222,
-0.17912013828754425,
0.08346323668956757,
0.6981781721115112,
-0.7624298334121704,
-0.3076111078262329,
-0.09972745180130005,
0.010629842057824135,
0.8839375972747803,
-1.4002487659454346,
0.1584824174642563,
-0.9832514524459839,
0.1981041133403778,
-0.15233439207077026,
0.5049932599067688,
-0.030858367681503296,
0.1950957179069519,
0.4000771641731262,
-1.4628982543945312,
-0.2549070119857788,
0.050715476274490356,
-0.06348781287670135,
0.5310811996459961,
-0.4478446841239929,
-0.022681742906570435,
0.9192267656326294,
0.22649505734443665,
1.0352784395217896,
0.3761804699897766
] |
could aspirin block prostaglandins from being produced in semen? | i know prostaglandin is present in semen to prevent the woman's immune system from attacking the foreign bodies. i was wondering if taking aspirin, which is used to block prostaglandins for pain reasons, could also block prostaglandin in any area from being produced. | making an educated guess, not a specialist in this field, so standard pinch of salt protocols are in place. aspirin functions as a suicide inhibitor on the enzyme cyclooxygenase enzyme in the prostaglandin syntheis pathway. i see no reason why it would not function in seminal production as well, reducing/eliminating presence of prostaglandin in semen. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.9020558595657349,
0.28457796573638916,
-0.42519843578338623,
-0.16774092614650726,
0.2187013179063797,
0.2695114016532898,
-0.29082825779914856,
1.079783320426941,
0.3153335452079773,
-0.5597642064094543,
0.9009751081466675,
0.8454489707946777,
-1.0384187698364258,
-0.019767746329307556,
0.18151453137397766,
-0.6398095488548279,
0.12069965153932571,
0.2963237762451172,
-0.8657257556915283,
0.019594281911849976,
1.4919755458831787,
0.621421217918396,
0.7394397258758545,
-0.12905122339725494,
0.28867867588996887,
-0.6877230405807495,
0.49928832054138184,
0.3353602886199951,
0.4567453861236572,
0.018993407487869263,
0.12390933930873871,
0.33051279187202454,
-0.24913814663887024,
-0.6406896114349365,
0.09061121940612793,
0.6290361881256104,
-0.8074524402618408,
-0.21421103179454803,
0.12897208333015442,
-0.26445960998535156,
0.5166248083114624,
-0.09004701673984528,
-1.849649429321289,
0.30531176924705505,
-0.19447219371795654,
0.2913867235183716,
0.47734618186950684,
-0.2615302801132202,
-0.6674045324325562,
0.8568496704101562,
-0.0838107243180275,
-0.42981231212615967,
-0.24021096527576447,
-0.3500272333621979,
0.577095627784729,
-1.0682928562164307,
-0.829954981803894,
-0.7214052677154541,
-0.1972094476222992,
-0.030069783329963684,
-0.6052014231681824,
0.37186866998672485,
-1.2147438526153564,
0.08194787800312042,
0.8176794052124023,
0.561227023601532,
0.44569432735443115,
-0.872198224067688,
-0.34863507747650146,
0.10125094652175903,
0.18334925174713135,
0.21612167358398438,
0.16835618019104004,
0.1016509160399437,
-0.8756437301635742,
0.021474964916706085,
-0.18693247437477112,
0.18433402478694916,
-0.6751061677932739,
-0.35626640915870667,
0.64668208360672,
0.2684018015861511,
1.1161463260650635,
0.6179819107055664,
-0.31714892387390137,
0.763086199760437,
0.7637205123901367,
-0.04977133870124817,
0.3321349620819092,
0.030268594622612,
-0.5235433578491211,
-0.9709702730178833,
0.4349202513694763,
0.19619159400463104,
-0.2038210779428482,
0.7587317228317261,
0.13463395833969116,
0.6261124014854431,
-0.5795295238494873,
-0.8002247214317322,
-0.40339580178260803,
-0.5777127742767334,
-1.5566095113754272,
-1.5523704290390015,
0.3601086735725403,
-0.44105955958366394,
-0.06821984052658081,
0.6074169278144836,
0.30946728587150574,
-0.0585174560546875,
-0.5864279270172119,
-0.07784906029701233,
0.45081955194473267,
0.6535977125167847,
0.5050555467605591,
0.6064331531524658,
0.5294110774993896,
0.7254010438919067,
0.07918033003807068,
-0.8462193012237549,
0.14647112786769867,
-0.17674782872200012,
-0.13901665806770325,
0.5941627025604248,
0.2958754897117615,
0.4252829849720001,
-0.4424724876880646,
0.8609331846237183,
1.2309489250183105,
0.7410889863967896,
1.0900304317474365,
-0.3230436444282532,
-0.32839125394821167,
-0.049313485622406006,
0.23953424394130707,
-0.766193151473999,
-0.37696051597595215,
-0.4997555613517761,
-0.524161696434021,
-0.2953087389469147,
0.22919952869415283,
0.32963815331459045,
-1.3994426727294922,
0.1669788807630539,
0.1409471333026886,
0.4240165948867798,
0.7041696310043335,
-0.20348414778709412,
-0.06303457915782928,
0.6069765090942383,
-0.3963889181613922,
-0.19788552820682526,
-0.9492491483688354,
0.4567701518535614,
-0.08819158375263214,
-0.16929207742214203,
-0.6173804402351379,
-0.015760138630867004,
0.29522618651390076,
-0.2165740430355072,
-0.5754915475845337,
0.5365960597991943,
0.4795070290565491,
0.3695896565914154,
-0.15600508451461792,
-0.1403302699327469,
-0.396175354719162,
0.20098812878131866,
-0.1120215505361557,
-0.012543916702270508,
-0.9247643947601318,
-0.7285412549972534,
0.5697986483573914,
-0.46143510937690735,
-0.5000180006027222,
1.1059131622314453,
0.1480075567960739,
0.5875464677810669,
0.6353492736816406,
1.1836507320404053,
1.3483641147613525,
-0.19251520931720734,
-0.2102401703596115,
0.5483009219169617,
-0.5563915967941284,
0.033366575837135315,
-0.22228173911571503,
0.1693388670682907,
-0.8776917457580566,
0.03910263255238533,
-0.6200411319732666,
0.21467334032058716,
-0.5753660202026367,
-0.05642625689506531,
-0.8171827793121338,
-1.013649582862854,
-0.9510709047317505,
0.7499420046806335,
-0.5049333572387695,
-0.3884905278682709,
1.0139515399932861,
-0.3682432174682617,
0.5538516640663147,
-1.1030700206756592,
-0.4437505602836609,
0.1826723963022232,
-1.0673168897628784,
-0.046214133501052856,
-0.34205859899520874,
-0.15871046483516693,
-0.6511722803115845,
-0.5345019102096558,
-0.1880928874015808,
-0.7301311492919922,
-0.44378286600112915,
0.09693437814712524,
0.11287245154380798,
-0.579846978187561,
-0.07056020945310593,
-0.11742929369211197,
-0.21602901816368103,
-0.6167982816696167,
0.05661234259605408,
-0.48199552297592163,
0.4103856384754181,
-0.545844554901123,
0.2954174876213074,
0.5587462782859802,
-0.08881359547376633,
1.410542607307434,
0.5708122253417969,
-0.5794948935508728,
-0.034430503845214844,
1.2020034790039062,
0.2700134217739105,
0.2248704433441162,
0.1695050150156021,
-0.7440202236175537,
-0.4728976786136627,
0.19674339890480042,
-0.6638094782829285,
1.1216824054718018,
-0.5719118118286133,
-0.1529984325170517,
-1.0463612079620361,
0.733465313911438,
0.5452938079833984,
0.9350636005401611,
1.1005666255950928,
0.22651828825473785,
-0.8046302795410156,
0.40106937289237976,
-0.7815450429916382,
0.04915320873260498,
-0.13070683181285858,
0.13765645027160645,
-1.3216692209243774,
-0.7615818977355957,
-0.4132109582424164,
0.29778048396110535,
0.1380576193332672,
0.007744491100311279,
-0.551841676235199,
0.0038774237036705017,
-0.5812761783599854,
-0.21931183338165283,
0.13668997585773468,
0.4064742922782898,
-0.6544535160064697,
0.3290453851222992,
0.76802659034729,
-0.7315765023231506,
0.8037303686141968,
0.6806507110595703,
0.06430982053279877,
0.076301708817482,
0.2450101375579834,
-0.6891198754310608,
0.40323150157928467,
0.033096879720687866,
0.3360305428504944,
-0.9520379304885864,
0.23049134016036987,
0.8263128399848938,
0.26802366971969604,
-0.4257153868675232,
0.4772670865058899,
0.6082267165184021,
-0.32255226373672485,
-0.34090685844421387,
0.36409974098205566,
0.281394362449646,
1.373286247253418,
-0.33932146430015564,
0.362427294254303,
0.8403232097625732,
0.3548540472984314,
0.27537062764167786,
-0.49658945202827454,
-0.4305773675441742,
-0.12069599330425262,
-1.0582168102264404,
-1.4702848196029663,
-0.14356079697608948,
0.3484787940979004,
-0.4031420946121216,
-0.6175506114959717,
0.02900548279285431,
-0.3480979800224304,
-0.21016629040241241,
0.0357794463634491,
0.8332818746566772,
0.1581699252128601,
-0.6042066812515259,
-0.9939897060394287,
0.4250826835632324,
-0.42300906777381897,
0.05717100203037262,
0.45553070306777954,
0.6667689085006714,
0.27341341972351074,
0.4728583097457886,
-0.34053513407707214,
0.6282020807266235,
-0.8148571252822876,
0.5558626651763916,
-0.22730493545532227,
-0.10189777612686157,
0.45197823643684387,
0.6227849125862122,
0.6632617712020874,
1.2227840423583984,
-0.5048918128013611,
-0.044175393879413605,
0.1618582010269165,
-0.3603750467300415,
1.1925873756408691,
0.23480167984962463,
-0.33677050471305847,
-0.6708645224571228,
-0.44733956456184387,
-0.39385032653808594,
-0.6070572137832642,
0.23045571148395538,
0.40352845191955566,
-0.7444537281990051,
0.7342070937156677,
0.4941953718662262,
-0.6527131795883179,
-0.1398145705461502,
0.35201433300971985,
0.628122866153717,
-0.10621478408575058,
0.6824162006378174,
0.7580959796905518,
0.6106436252593994,
-0.14741739630699158,
1.2637104988098145,
0.14630600810050964,
0.016260363161563873,
-0.8497742414474487,
-0.2451530396938324,
-0.7531490921974182,
0.4154624342918396,
-0.8537143468856812,
-0.014874971471726894,
0.5427743792533875,
-0.06108814477920532,
0.19074863195419312,
1.0771839618682861,
0.34881895780563354,
0.6228311061859131,
0.27863645553588867,
-0.3586358428001404,
0.10236158221960068,
0.28367969393730164,
-0.45458537340164185,
-1.2514278888702393,
0.06186726689338684,
-0.02093038335442543,
0.4250449538230896,
-0.04056379199028015,
2.3117640018463135,
-0.26370590925216675
] |
so what is our plan when the ogallala aquifer runs out of water? how will we sustain all our crops? | i just watched the pbs documentary the dust bowl and in it they mention that over half of the aquifer has been used to grow feed corn, and in as little as twenty years the rest of the aquifer could be used up. this sounds really fucking bad. | we do have [federal management of the aquifer](_url_2_), and each state for which it is a resource have their own aquifer management agencies. the [texas high plains water district](_url_1_) is trying to slow down the depletion while trying to get farmers to improve water use efficiency. one thing they can do is [just plant different crops](_url_0_) that don't require irrigation. other states have [changed some of the rules](_url_3_) to make water conservation easier. | 15 | [] | [] | [
"http://texasclimatenews.org/wp/?p=5283",
"http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/07/19/that-sinking-feeling-about-groundwater-in-texas/",
"http://ogallala.ars.usda.gov/index.php",
"http://www.agprofessional.com/news/Kansas-governor-calls-on-preservation-of-Ogallala-aquifer-177468081.html"
] | [
-0.0018066689372062683,
-0.5430041551589966,
0.9155899286270142,
0.1710870862007141,
0.0742039829492569,
-0.8817179799079895,
-0.10971586406230927,
-0.8329344391822815,
-1.9614185094833374,
0.7367366552352905,
0.24106693267822266,
0.2604806423187256,
-0.543310284614563,
1.5600430965423584,
-0.8498799800872803,
0.7698429822921753,
-0.9630059003829956,
-0.2446971982717514,
-0.10567152500152588,
-0.14502033591270447,
2.033447265625,
0.9805599451065063,
-1.0478190183639526,
-0.24615144729614258,
-0.4251505136489868,
-0.19980350136756897,
-1.1312386989593506,
-0.0049738045781850815,
-0.01900915801525116,
-0.7433161735534668,
-0.17128460109233856,
0.9201345443725586,
-0.9147467613220215,
0.18496432900428772,
0.5813877582550049,
0.16021491587162018,
-0.3778069019317627,
-0.993137001991272,
1.2162176370620728,
0.3442685008049011,
0.5061624050140381,
-1.0411001443862915,
0.38039717078208923,
0.6635085344314575,
-1.6914114952087402,
0.7059019207954407,
0.46392175555229187,
0.36467573046684265,
-0.12681710720062256,
-0.9037729501724243,
0.8538364768028259,
0.2628806233406067,
-0.5160584449768066,
-1.1573545932769775,
-1.004103660583496,
-0.7730864882469177,
-0.5587987899780273,
-0.43340620398521423,
-0.09023924916982651,
-0.5240395069122314,
0.3902328908443451,
0.8011111617088318,
-0.26898106932640076,
1.2377259731292725,
0.08247186988592148,
0.03432650864124298,
-0.38119637966156006,
0.6144102811813354,
0.49003762006759644,
-0.7453680634498596,
-0.29310935735702515,
0.38206812739372253,
-1.427770972251892,
0.1577361822128296,
-0.2402227222919464,
-0.16791123151779175,
-0.6215554475784302,
1.7038843631744385,
0.6738876104354858,
-0.8043570518493652,
0.19501358270645142,
0.06789851188659668,
0.4139360189437866,
0.17285600304603577,
-0.8807601928710938,
-0.19505351781845093,
-0.455879271030426,
0.1958553045988083,
1.9630916118621826,
-0.5575189590454102,
0.5631276965141296,
-0.23088449239730835,
0.22274255752563477,
-0.4675743579864502,
0.08033698797225952,
0.012579008005559444,
0.40212416648864746,
-1.020952820777893,
-0.5641419887542725,
-0.31044214963912964,
-0.1198122650384903,
0.07690685987472534,
-0.948833703994751,
-1.7441980838775635,
0.43351268768310547,
0.48892420530319214,
-0.03132586181163788,
0.8539396524429321,
1.5735644102096558,
1.3570462465286255,
-0.043577708303928375,
0.563033401966095,
-0.597512423992157,
-0.10510547459125519,
-1.0584701299667358,
0.6297719478607178,
-0.5980260372161865,
-1.2963212728500366,
-0.21465130150318146,
0.07616252452135086,
-0.03195858374238014,
-0.7212247252464294,
-0.08594980090856552,
0.7621240019798279,
1.2756397724151611,
1.634366750717163,
-0.17709322273731232,
0.5122222304344177,
0.17911659181118011,
0.20145533978939056,
0.598992109298706,
-0.8979858160018921,
-0.3511043190956116,
-0.602364182472229,
0.21946944296360016,
-0.07625712454319,
0.20524528622627258,
-1.3171494007110596,
-1.023913860321045,
0.9345439076423645,
-0.640192985534668,
-0.1483396738767624,
1.0506757497787476,
-1.1244986057281494,
0.4298223555088043,
0.8585003614425659,
0.6263833045959473,
-0.46344953775405884,
-1.4317193031311035,
-0.14951595664024353,
-0.24840828776359558,
-0.00305774062871933,
0.45916619896888733,
-0.5599969029426575,
-0.5403246283531189,
-0.45532482862472534,
1.3091254234313965,
0.20733970403671265,
1.8446826934814453,
0.4005271792411804,
-0.6129100322723389,
1.4558613300323486,
0.20083129405975342,
0.16436287760734558,
0.9345530867576599,
0.05915606766939163,
-0.40437382459640503,
-0.5114182829856873,
-1.3980673551559448,
0.28413525223731995,
0.8050150871276855,
-0.46818235516548157,
0.6990957856178284,
-2.008448362350464,
-0.4894852638244629,
0.40108802914619446,
-0.15140566229820251,
0.13786840438842773,
-0.43718421459198,
0.7876718044281006,
0.43774670362472534,
0.01618919149041176,
0.06846615672111511,
-0.8395310640335083,
-0.22758622467517853,
0.12357863038778305,
-1.290006160736084,
0.02133161388337612,
-0.5426616668701172,
0.2003692090511322,
-1.2093647718429565,
-0.7217801809310913,
0.2470170557498932,
0.2441522777080536,
0.5737908482551575,
1.2336792945861816,
-0.15276466310024261,
-0.003247380256652832,
-0.2062297910451889,
-0.12168993800878525,
0.11234832555055618,
0.5549523830413818,
-1.5768994092941284,
-0.24133296310901642,
0.3617783188819885,
0.3925202488899231,
-0.015464022755622864,
-0.8940609693527222,
-1.5385372638702393,
-1.1773180961608887,
0.106767937541008,
0.9454944133758545,
-0.7619665861129761,
-2.61427640914917,
0.011758863925933838,
-0.41853979229927063,
1.1003611087799072,
0.4904244840145111,
-0.854198694229126,
0.9643465876579285,
-0.951400637626648,
-0.029096242040395737,
1.6944400072097778,
-0.8245673179626465,
-0.5758323669433594,
0.7269555330276489,
-0.19826173782348633,
1.5924886465072632,
-1.2130861282348633,
-0.33942532539367676,
0.6642225980758667,
-1.7566460371017456,
0.5010429620742798,
1.0743153095245361,
-1.6503666639328003,
1.1126301288604736,
1.3594602346420288,
-0.6528640985488892,
0.14024974405765533,
0.5051986575126648,
-0.9414026737213135,
0.030862532556056976,
-0.2285081446170807,
0.8827080130577087,
-1.9375888109207153,
0.9639113545417786,
-0.10008273273706436,
0.24254724383354187,
-0.9354738593101501,
0.3574581444263458,
-1.120879054069519,
-0.8330211639404297,
-0.6834268569946289,
-0.3526996374130249,
0.5164276957511902,
-0.5796859264373779,
-0.9113146066665649,
-0.6903793811798096,
-1.2093418836593628,
-1.0215322971343994,
0.16984349489212036,
0.1774318367242813,
0.9625310301780701,
1.777012825012207,
1.4825445413589478,
-1.1715348958969116,
0.7927782535552979,
-0.3434522747993469,
-0.6597505807876587,
0.09831169247627258,
0.26168885827064514,
-0.9210063815116882,
-0.4402238130569458,
1.1003366708755493,
0.5657777190208435,
-0.40591663122177124,
-0.29711562395095825,
-0.633355975151062,
1.187266230583191,
-1.1694273948669434,
1.4272596836090088,
0.5326325297355652,
-2.4936087131500244,
0.8340801000595093,
-0.07181011885404587,
0.6190279126167297,
0.45981109142303467,
1.1487778425216675,
-0.5088286399841309,
-0.5351252555847168,
0.05232526361942291,
1.156904697418213,
0.053094420582056046,
-0.070399709045887,
-0.08233551681041718,
-1.243072271347046,
0.05504041910171509,
-0.5487433671951294,
0.4780469238758087,
-0.15082626044750214,
-0.08561785519123077,
-0.6914190649986267,
-0.6694536805152893,
0.09955969452857971,
-0.15172526240348816,
2.0381076335906982,
0.15094247460365295,
-0.09559080004692078,
1.8807110786437988,
-1.2275699377059937,
0.622377336025238,
-0.7704212665557861,
0.6389200687408447,
1.1755497455596924,
-0.6257717609405518,
0.27322807908058167,
-2.0148403644561768,
1.0865904092788696,
0.15568478405475616,
0.723286509513855,
-0.023448780179023743,
1.463230848312378,
0.265645295381546,
1.1357871294021606,
0.4018857777118683,
0.0888037160038948,
-0.19731898605823517,
2.1606571674346924,
-0.11828598380088806,
0.8597822189331055,
0.7818386554718018,
0.3600267171859741,
0.07373984158039093,
-1.2108428478240967,
0.14483527839183807,
-1.2707217931747437,
0.17141905426979065,
0.054338403046131134,
-0.4303734302520752,
-0.019958823919296265,
-0.6491521596908569,
0.3057888150215149,
-0.9641255736351013,
1.276024580001831,
0.55357426404953,
-0.584039568901062,
0.9709323048591614,
0.47992050647735596,
-0.8884763717651367,
0.39947324991226196,
1.5963349342346191,
0.9424562454223633,
-0.8619779944419861,
0.6294777393341064,
0.4039546847343445,
1.0801271200180054,
-1.0294524431228638,
-0.05718657374382019,
0.42318081855773926,
0.047391701489686966,
-0.9913808107376099,
1.050464391708374,
-0.7685588002204895,
0.7607049345970154,
0.25070732831954956,
0.8380178809165955,
-0.7744100689888,
0.3552144467830658,
1.692539095878601,
0.44754502177238464,
-0.5842576026916504,
-0.19660764932632446,
0.84108966588974,
0.595679759979248,
0.5714369416236877,
-0.7873491644859314,
-0.3476361036300659,
-1.283653736114502,
0.11285507678985596,
0.07501498609781265,
-0.1227228194475174,
0.45057618618011475,
0.9729728698730469,
0.6104828119277954
] |
can humans transmit hormones through skin contact? | from what i understand, cell membranes are very permeable to hormones. is it possible for one person to transmit a hormone like testosterone, epinephrine, or cortisol via skin contact? if so, would this amount be significant enough to cause slight physiological effects or possibly alter the mood of someone else? | hormones are internal organic molecules that influence cellular and metabolic activity - i.e., testosterone is responsible for how your body builds, retains, and maintains muscle mass and density; insulin regulates the uptake of glucose for cell work. pheromones, on the other hand, are external - as in they are excreted. your body odor is in part a product of your pheromone output. pheromones can affect the behavior of others and change the dynamic of socio-sexual interactions. pheromone production is also linked with hormone production. testosterone is a hormone that is also linked with sexual drive. if you produce high levels of testosterone, this in turns changes the composition of your pheromone secretion, which alerts potential mates that you are sexually ready. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicle_Festival",
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453011002794",
"http://conphys.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/1/cot006.full",
"http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v120/n6/abs/5603399a.html",
"http://www.laboratoriosilesia.com/upfiles/sibi/D0607546.pdf",
"http://jn.nutrition.org/content/131/5/1621S.full"
] | [
-0.7440364360809326,
-1.1237541437149048,
0.5119437575340271,
-0.18396461009979248,
0.4682465195655823,
-0.0733005702495575,
1.6127387285232544,
0.29772594571113586,
0.0865483283996582,
0.4722883403301239,
0.6204275488853455,
-0.9125568866729736,
-1.8459246158599854,
-0.38685891032218933,
1.824782133102417,
-1.2756900787353516,
0.17373397946357727,
-0.6685351729393005,
-1.0675740242004395,
0.9922183752059937,
1.3543123006820679,
0.22121703624725342,
1.6242324113845825,
-0.38490182161331177,
-2.8752713203430176,
-1.7319644689559937,
0.5732472538948059,
1.4779337644577026,
-1.375439167022705,
0.039783090353012085,
-0.5007894039154053,
0.23367485404014587,
-0.5400243401527405,
-0.21935957670211792,
-1.8148561716079712,
0.9561802744865417,
-0.25793132185935974,
-1.4529551267623901,
0.17822301387786865,
0.6768569946289062,
1.1433639526367188,
-2.2270920276641846,
-0.7390416860580444,
0.9107484817504883,
0.18269401788711548,
2.1311752796173096,
1.2356369495391846,
-0.565992534160614,
0.09924021363258362,
-1.252408504486084,
-0.06274661421775818,
-1.2512609958648682,
-1.0962461233139038,
2.543409585952759,
1.5156749486923218,
1.4487454891204834,
-0.2335759997367859,
-0.13515567779541016,
-1.2562271356582642,
-0.733101487159729,
-0.9517194032669067,
0.8138127326965332,
-0.3387850821018219,
0.5446783304214478,
2.618560791015625,
0.018840864300727844,
-0.959526538848877,
0.08899304270744324,
-1.1046385765075684,
0.9141117334365845,
0.8675838708877563,
-0.37255212664604187,
-0.8005132675170898,
1.0581563711166382,
-0.05935181677341461,
0.1000436544418335,
-0.20224127173423767,
-0.23684008419513702,
0.6884716153144836,
-0.13481539487838745,
-1.002378225326538,
-1.1785507202148438,
1.2737399339675903,
1.5020549297332764,
0.25438201427459717,
1.1687463521957397,
-0.134843111038208,
-0.5334970355033875,
-1.6628071069717407,
1.727660894393921,
-1.5161421298980713,
0.320216566324234,
-1.31382155418396,
-0.7021655440330505,
-0.02916945517063141,
1.3827030658721924,
-0.08771912753582001,
-1.8958829641342163,
-1.684561848640442,
0.3593446910381317,
-0.9704100489616394,
-0.05021551251411438,
-1.478861927986145,
0.7490207552909851,
-0.5156371593475342,
-1.0427491664886475,
0.06753747910261154,
2.5327494144439697,
-0.4812580347061157,
1.1438478231430054,
-1.2841094732284546,
0.3655704855918884,
-0.6490755677223206,
1.3990628719329834,
0.4541332423686981,
1.1573911905288696,
-0.802277684211731,
-0.14171496033668518,
0.17249378561973572,
-1.5566821098327637,
0.19702079892158508,
-0.6625402569770813,
0.1370706856250763,
0.7523671388626099,
-0.5107204914093018,
-1.681589126586914,
0.4044420123100281,
1.652900218963623,
0.44912469387054443,
0.3612239956855774,
1.1854772567749023,
1.2700761556625366,
0.9480287432670593,
1.6902316808700562,
-0.19386644661426544,
-2.2505099773406982,
0.6707863211631775,
-2.2128889560699463,
-1.4092800617218018,
-0.23453807830810547,
-0.38832348585128784,
1.7852801084518433,
-0.8415310382843018,
-0.6961421966552734,
1.6472197771072388,
2.61149263381958,
1.136983871459961,
-0.7236774563789368,
-0.9624823927879333,
0.8888089060783386,
-0.31899139285087585,
-0.3238930106163025,
0.9938001036643982,
-1.1344149112701416,
-1.0189146995544434,
0.10002559423446655,
-1.3725730180740356,
-0.1414640247821808,
1.2318024635314941,
0.9050723910331726,
-1.3723680973052979,
0.2892545759677887,
-0.6264145970344543,
-0.3586210608482361,
-0.2552146315574646,
-0.6942138671875,
-0.1294468641281128,
0.2128576934337616,
0.7557054758071899,
-0.8596459627151489,
-0.16856397688388824,
-0.6562760472297668,
-0.5359023809432983,
0.38191136717796326,
-1.1327354907989502,
0.7597638368606567,
-0.6516739130020142,
0.7505612969398499,
0.0028552114963531494,
0.8256547451019287,
1.1374428272247314,
-1.6354303359985352,
-0.6707953214645386,
0.7324411869049072,
-0.09777802228927612,
-1.8561124801635742,
-2.0142860412597656,
-0.10806608200073242,
-0.33995017409324646,
1.076744794845581,
-0.33973124623298645,
0.2927170395851135,
-0.9870262742042542,
0.37418603897094727,
-0.41173410415649414,
-2.3874025344848633,
-0.31049251556396484,
2.6807849407196045,
-0.10985085368156433,
-1.6797741651535034,
0.9160579442977905,
0.6529533863067627,
-0.22798269987106323,
-0.5354523658752441,
-0.57745361328125,
-1.3530793190002441,
0.07581375539302826,
-0.008868992328643799,
1.401173710823059,
0.2644152045249939,
-2.57446551322937,
0.3173827826976776,
-1.5409544706344604,
0.8645596504211426,
0.4159724712371826,
-0.5300710797309875,
0.7394004464149475,
0.46947383880615234,
0.6975435614585876,
-1.500736951828003,
0.0936700627207756,
-2.536886692047119,
-1.9109684228897095,
-2.009856700897217,
0.21676170825958252,
-0.9949764609336853,
0.6959806680679321,
2.022312641143799,
1.2854796648025513,
1.7269724607467651,
1.6539641618728638,
-0.11203037202358246,
1.4656556844711304,
2.594069004058838,
0.9013187289237976,
-1.1175460815429688,
0.10936042666435242,
-0.8979889154434204,
0.4251103699207306,
0.46357500553131104,
-1.4176265001296997,
2.1748266220092773,
0.8512033820152283,
0.8395764827728271,
-2.0306522846221924,
2.7546961307525635,
0.5375180244445801,
2.2505831718444824,
-0.7379855513572693,
0.9510388970375061,
-1.1856348514556885,
1.8036028146743774,
-0.19218552112579346,
0.5152845978736877,
-0.1654401421546936,
-1.3641492128372192,
-2.1736721992492676,
-1.3702653646469116,
1.154778242111206,
1.4907251596450806,
-1.368194341659546,
0.48907339572906494,
0.30725064873695374,
-2.414835214614868,
1.2349519729614258,
-0.08322909474372864,
0.6970458030700684,
2.681623935699463,
-0.7888259291648865,
0.2324734926223755,
-0.05113087221980095,
0.6262571215629578,
0.2391166090965271,
0.8717285394668579,
2.168898820877075,
0.2325311005115509,
0.3789963126182556,
-2.0177712440490723,
-1.2390249967575073,
1.1589871644973755,
-1.2345649003982544,
-0.9614219665527344,
-0.36456483602523804,
1.2512109279632568,
-0.5159977078437805,
-0.8798390626907349,
0.3988797664642334,
-0.35900819301605225,
-1.4975935220718384,
-1.5543164014816284,
0.2858540415763855,
0.43895331025123596,
2.151027202606201,
0.8454532623291016,
1.3654770851135254,
-0.26444682478904724,
1.0701416730880737,
0.8382949233055115,
-1.5026168823242188,
-2.3000388145446777,
-0.7421429753303528,
-1.3607789278030396,
0.41001468896865845,
0.19554506242275238,
-0.1406358927488327,
-0.487152099609375,
-0.47252142429351807,
-0.5554774403572083,
-0.6875295639038086,
-1.7417805194854736,
-0.356292188167572,
1.9106141328811646,
1.0684535503387451,
-0.42293840646743774,
-0.6653357744216919,
0.35188332200050354,
-1.00309419631958,
0.6396349668502808,
0.9290760159492493,
0.14329668879508972,
0.9557111263275146,
-1.1197776794433594,
1.6179567575454712,
1.618707537651062,
-0.14998266100883484,
1.8753154277801514,
1.3894991874694824,
-1.6346654891967773,
0.8950279951095581,
0.23379623889923096,
0.8129011392593384,
2.0749902725219727,
3.6117382049560547,
-0.9339449405670166,
1.3266485929489136,
1.5306243896484375,
-0.5800754427909851,
0.34423595666885376,
-1.6487613916397095,
-0.8511003851890564,
-1.6484837532043457,
-0.8869066834449768,
-0.823684573173523,
-0.23285815119743347,
0.794983983039856,
-0.893724799156189,
1.1294857263565063,
1.833357572555542,
-1.7855432033538818,
0.4972180426120758,
2.0465331077575684,
0.9905511140823364,
0.42896202206611633,
0.6236349940299988,
1.8178859949111938,
-0.42471373081207275,
-2.791612148284912,
-1.046086072921753,
1.5152850151062012,
0.44617360830307007,
-1.5476990938186646,
-1.1803761720657349,
-0.21806736290454865,
1.6026443243026733,
-1.7449036836624146,
-0.09690553694963455,
1.5886343717575073,
0.14100708067417145,
-1.1473278999328613,
2.0422122478485107,
0.23375438153743744,
0.499911367893219,
1.1132726669311523,
-1.324517011642456,
-1.8868153095245361,
-1.3700456619262695,
-1.0460045337677002,
1.2402045726776123,
0.47458186745643616,
0.8316558003425598,
1.1671769618988037,
1.0543121099472046,
3.2197048664093018,
-2.2957346439361572
] |
caloric requirements and fitness level? | 1) if a fit person and an unfit person of the same lean-body-mass and weight do the same activities for a day, who expends more calories? 2) if a fit person and an unfit person of the same lean-body-mass and weight both bike/run/row/swim/walk the same distance in the same time, who expends more calories? 3) how does heart-rate factor into this? the fit person would have slower heart rate for two situations above. does having a faster heart rate equate to more energy expended? i would expect the first 2 questions to have the same answers. but i've heard conflicting answers. i've heard unfit people (who appear to be working harder for the same amount exercise) expend more energy, but i've also heard the opposite. i'm thinking a vo2 max style oxygen consumption measurement would be the best way to figure this out. | doing a little research revealed that same weight people burn the same calories doing hte same thing, regardless of fitness. (heart rate may change it a tad, but youre talking minimal caloric value) as for the differences you will find is that fit people can run twice as fast, or twice as far, and burn more calories per hour. the reason obese people can shed pounds doing the same is because walking a mile with 200 lbs would be a work out of totally different proportions to a 200 lb person with out weights. edit: using a calorie calculator shows that a higher vo2 max reduces calories per hour burned. and that a higher heart rate raises calories per hour. so you need to get to people of the same build (fit and unfit) figure out their vo2 and heart rate at a certain ratio. and then calculate. edit2: used the calculator, and did some numbers, athletes will reach max heart rate and vo2 of around 75 sedentary will reach a heart rate of 160 (recomended) and a vo2 of around 40. these calculated to 920 (for the lazy person) and 1175+ (for the athlete) (per hour) but this is pushing to their limit, so i have a feeling that barely trying will use much much less. due to the fact that heart rate massively effects calories burned, the unfit person will burn much more for the same work. however, they will either not keep up, or the difference is going to be 20 or so calories per hour. (a vo2 of 42 hr162 performs 920calories per hour) (a vo2 of 75 hr162 performs 1112 calories per hour) chances are the second person doing the same work will be doing 120 or less heart rate. (a vo2 of 75 hr123 performs 757 calories per hour) so walking the same distance would be less heart rate which would be less calories. source _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.easycalculation.com/health/heart-rate-calorie-burn-known-vo2.php"
] | [
0.9788483381271362,
2.3002994060516357,
1.3397345542907715,
4.919899940490723,
0.012195438146591187,
-2.463702440261841,
-0.8132098913192749,
1.6882301568984985,
3.055433988571167,
-3.1884758472442627,
1.4252036809921265,
0.558865487575531,
-2.713714599609375,
-1.7573522329330444,
0.20590302348136902,
-3.486448287963867,
2.995131492614746,
-0.42075255513191223,
-3.011577844619751,
1.1007108688354492,
2.9395158290863037,
-0.8481892347335815,
0.0001306980848312378,
0.49999141693115234,
2.282099962234497,
-0.02532234787940979,
-3.6273481845855713,
2.2168586254119873,
0.26006966829299927,
0.673976719379425,
2.0766496658325195,
-0.688143789768219,
-0.5448253750801086,
-4.530858516693115,
0.4357873201370239,
2.4921562671661377,
-1.895716667175293,
-2.5884482860565186,
-4.183178424835205,
2.878823757171631,
0.44917213916778564,
-0.22660544514656067,
0.366962194442749,
1.0036157369613647,
0.8231559991836548,
3.4364206790924072,
-0.799426794052124,
1.4156712293624878,
0.040705129504203796,
2.176778793334961,
0.2197187840938568,
0.2712896168231964,
1.5538325309753418,
0.8200809955596924,
-0.3182167112827301,
0.22143742442131042,
0.24625706672668457,
-0.24376970529556274,
-1.7698851823806763,
0.6693733930587769,
1.77866792678833,
4.488111972808838,
-3.466444253921509,
0.09546053409576416,
2.979128360748291,
-1.729628086090088,
-1.5138115882873535,
-1.2258909940719604,
-1.6721470355987549,
-0.013755261898040771,
0.5213758945465088,
-1.8902493715286255,
2.2045814990997314,
0.6544381380081177,
1.6004904508590698,
-0.6048980951309204,
-1.5555347204208374,
-0.521422266960144,
-1.9122246503829956,
-1.7891126871109009,
-0.41481053829193115,
-5.157017707824707,
-1.4830995798110962,
-1.4728233814239502,
2.001075267791748,
0.10935618728399277,
3.898527145385742,
1.5020239353179932,
2.597585678100586,
0.5094214081764221,
-3.6039600372314453,
1.168864130973816,
-0.970895528793335,
-1.6265795230865479,
1.9177970886230469,
5.222710609436035,
-4.289199352264404,
0.8134119510650635,
0.4945319592952728,
1.0096403360366821,
-1.3553329706192017,
1.0820894241333008,
-4.210512638092041,
3.477384567260742,
0.9114550352096558,
-6.563782691955566,
-1.5275802612304688,
5.407164096832275,
2.4080793857574463,
2.7044665813446045,
1.4845893383026123,
1.4297573566436768,
1.7869435548782349,
3.308011770248413,
2.6045608520507812,
-0.018995635211467743,
-1.046855092048645,
0.6828572750091553,
0.33901938796043396,
3.737210988998413,
-1.3610739707946777,
-3.329169511795044,
-2.0593667030334473,
-4.526840686798096,
0.6858378648757935,
-3.4081621170043945,
1.837991714477539,
1.3594331741333008,
-0.642166018486023,
0.01752251759171486,
5.7694783210754395,
-4.858534336090088,
-0.15036340057849884,
-2.986650228500366,
-5.691285610198975,
-1.104948878288269,
5.452904224395752,
-0.6519672274589539,
-2.4631850719451904,
2.673624277114868,
3.648625612258911,
5.608142852783203,
-0.3990676999092102,
-1.5464667081832886,
-1.2244096994400024,
7.5531463623046875,
0.4339669346809387,
-2.02213978767395,
-0.5782685279846191,
-2.577834129333496,
-2.851050853729248,
-0.9490233659744263,
2.8058669567108154,
-1.936496376991272,
1.042952537536621,
-2.372619867324829,
-1.9226235151290894,
0.013440519571304321,
-0.9072472453117371,
0.3115338087081909,
-2.136629581451416,
-1.0035313367843628,
-2.4971518516540527,
-3.7536001205444336,
2.9396634101867676,
3.58498215675354,
0.7105774879455566,
-1.9651494026184082,
0.11477102339267731,
1.139652967453003,
2.1639604568481445,
-3.7980806827545166,
-1.1041769981384277,
0.88066166639328,
3.8856494426727295,
0.34644612669944763,
-4.439059257507324,
-1.3449254035949707,
-1.7975988388061523,
0.016201652586460114,
5.146208763122559,
1.1118661165237427,
3.8709194660186768,
-3.5265517234802246,
-1.063029408454895,
-0.2736924886703491,
-0.7460916042327881,
3.3179526329040527,
-1.5894957780838013,
3.5990726947784424,
2.738739252090454,
-1.1616661548614502,
-3.630890130996704,
2.8621275424957275,
-0.6508731842041016,
-3.672821521759033,
-1.661924958229065,
3.176520824432373,
-0.12034223973751068,
0.73338782787323,
3.477233648300171,
-1.5257470607757568,
1.6392816305160522,
-2.257986307144165,
2.2032504081726074,
0.058976829051971436,
-2.6866326332092285,
-2.273817777633667,
1.834829568862915,
-0.4432869851589203,
0.9970073699951172,
-3.8415892124176025,
3.4025070667266846,
0.8856909275054932,
-1.2293246984481812,
-0.7912041544914246,
-0.92799973487854,
2.9672062397003174,
-0.5321539640426636,
1.9798967838287354,
-3.2675437927246094,
0.09378160536289215,
-2.042996644973755,
-1.754733681678772,
-4.583195686340332,
4.28927755355835,
0.865693986415863,
3.3700549602508545,
2.266191005706787,
-0.17759212851524353,
4.466460227966309,
-0.4386083483695984,
3.9494612216949463,
3.315293788909912,
-0.9084137082099915,
-4.291919708251953,
-3.0229671001434326,
0.7685902714729309,
1.4381881952285767,
-1.755735993385315,
1.011342167854309,
-1.8566869497299194,
-0.3217136859893799,
-1.5197182893753052,
0.6588550209999084,
2.1188862323760986,
0.13733360171318054,
0.4802491366863251,
1.776136040687561,
0.6654380559921265,
-2.3417811393737793,
2.0439984798431396,
-4.136662006378174,
-4.3758063316345215,
0.5774902105331421,
-0.8751080632209778,
-3.290970802307129,
-1.1497234106063843,
-2.4475715160369873,
-3.2742135524749756,
-2.196254253387451,
3.9847412109375,
0.21132707595825195,
3.271425485610962,
5.656236171722412,
-0.9442200660705566,
2.387021541595459,
-2.0555756092071533,
-1.329911708831787,
-5.27384090423584,
2.5468382835388184,
-9.26986312866211,
0.9310485124588013,
-3.1515116691589355,
5.147516250610352,
-1.267807126045227,
-2.639866590499878,
6.549999237060547,
-1.8215234279632568,
-3.3117125034332275,
1.3126286268234253,
-1.0166186094284058,
-4.912433624267578,
0.20987778902053833,
-0.6915372610092163,
-4.466250896453857,
1.9418113231658936,
4.349470138549805,
1.3030930757522583,
0.48595887422561646,
0.3359481692314148,
2.3874523639678955,
-0.687953531742096,
0.7416266798973083,
1.0132386684417725,
2.311957359313965,
3.1541333198547363,
2.487708568572998,
-1.4174089431762695,
-1.317430019378662,
-0.06023447588086128,
3.5869929790496826,
0.16344571113586426,
2.379650592803955,
-6.117142200469971,
-0.8315272927284241,
0.38752663135528564,
-1.7560596466064453,
0.1999465823173523,
0.8028329610824585,
-3.4833602905273438,
-2.53171968460083,
0.6043010354042053,
2.596876621246338,
-1.060871958732605,
3.7789676189422607,
-0.8581937551498413,
-4.244696617126465,
-1.1682114601135254,
2.752214193344116,
1.0061700344085693,
-2.689028739929199,
1.0467913150787354,
3.0875892639160156,
-0.2734541893005371,
2.0350098609924316,
1.307605504989624,
-1.9731632471084595,
-2.1701152324676514,
1.5651214122772217,
5.172512531280518,
0.44324806332588196,
6.8956170082092285,
1.3087844848632812,
2.306485176086426,
-3.9363205432891846,
0.6937839984893799,
-0.6608065962791443,
-3.0656373500823975,
-2.018855571746826,
-0.8882962465286255,
-0.5614936351776123,
0.3400545120239258,
4.080237865447998,
3.027275562286377,
0.01173892617225647,
0.9019416570663452,
3.345630645751953,
-4.903622627258301,
-2.1972036361694336,
-2.160367250442505,
1.655468225479126,
-0.5418967604637146,
-2.2202656269073486,
3.066889524459839,
-2.0685322284698486,
2.098308801651001,
2.437777042388916,
-2.6789968013763428,
5.815611362457275,
-1.933935523033142,
-6.004393100738525,
-1.7619935274124146,
5.080647945404053,
1.981568694114685,
-4.241027355194092,
-3.5037834644317627,
-0.676611602306366,
0.2107580602169037,
0.2574630379676819,
2.1307342052459717,
1.5392556190490723,
1.9793059825897217,
-2.2025136947631836,
3.346670389175415,
-5.167361736297607,
-2.2558534145355225,
-0.2837109863758087,
-6.796907424926758,
0.8639053106307983,
3.2879583835601807,
-3.916039228439331,
0.17808446288108826,
-1.0456598997116089
] |
is counter-vibration a real thing? | can a small amount of impact be neutralized through sensors and motors creating an equal and opposite reaction? | that's what they do for photo camera stabilization. some makers like canon put the mechanism inside the lens, and some like pentax [move the actual sensor](_url_0_). this compensates for some amount of shaky hands, allowing taking photos at lower shutter speeds without a tripod. | 10 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/pentax-k3-ii/ZTECHSTABILIZATION-s.jpg"
] | [
0.07795538008213043,
-0.25469037890434265,
-0.5850226283073425,
0.02431647665798664,
1.400759220123291,
-1.4161372184753418,
1.165714144706726,
-0.436393678188324,
0.5339676141738892,
0.7258893847465515,
0.9069405794143677,
1.306487798690796,
-0.29979050159454346,
0.8396367430686951,
-1.1501755714416504,
-0.7819230556488037,
-0.4857904314994812,
0.0329974889755249,
-0.46347901225090027,
1.006044626235962,
0.5911398530006409,
-0.4935551881790161,
0.9660221934318542,
-0.25147324800491333,
-0.8150473833084106,
0.20290762186050415,
-0.254749059677124,
0.07748410850763321,
-0.4647001326084137,
-0.9817061424255371,
-0.210125133395195,
-0.28217461705207825,
-0.4338701367378235,
-0.520816445350647,
0.4904002547264099,
-0.2640756666660309,
-0.62016761302948,
-0.4748925268650055,
-0.12269876897335052,
-0.9036815166473389,
-0.5223970413208008,
0.23504376411437988,
-0.5788249373435974,
-0.07701657712459564,
0.26748231053352356,
1.3004369735717773,
-0.1238156408071518,
-0.15175260603427887,
0.1718021184206009,
-0.741003692150116,
-0.31934022903442383,
0.07960548996925354,
-1.0528830289840698,
0.12607088685035706,
0.16669335961341858,
-0.02648790180683136,
-0.3320368230342865,
-0.04808862507343292,
0.23199982941150665,
-0.7967160940170288,
0.9234415888786316,
0.11630675196647644,
0.43032681941986084,
0.5718010663986206,
-0.6039447784423828,
1.0255100727081299,
-0.44688504934310913,
-0.5393710136413574,
-0.009985432028770447,
-0.21987158060073853,
-0.6551475524902344,
-0.15090015530586243,
-0.9476704597473145,
0.6235072612762451,
0.6093403697013855,
0.28035613894462585,
0.09152363240718842,
0.1979990005493164,
-0.6409909725189209,
0.21067872643470764,
-0.12862259149551392,
-0.16456931829452515,
0.6107483506202698,
0.5515548586845398,
0.6876369118690491,
0.6645665168762207,
0.10751095414161682,
0.005412310361862183,
-0.5312426090240479,
-0.43303990364074707,
-0.9404090046882629,
-0.2164989709854126,
0.9660345315933228,
-0.8566752076148987,
-0.1872890144586563,
-0.38220301270484924,
0.5740457773208618,
-0.5864592790603638,
-0.9252560138702393,
0.29925888776779175,
-0.22052213549613953,
-0.2290317714214325,
-1.3029162883758545,
-0.3402153551578522,
0.36681514978408813,
0.4207405149936676,
0.24443593621253967,
0.5536155104637146,
-0.4101596176624298,
0.5443955063819885,
0.04670211672782898,
-0.013180464506149292,
0.2868586480617523,
0.016254931688308716,
0.27826979756355286,
-1.8594422340393066,
-1.737901210784912,
-0.4302789568901062,
0.17496410012245178,
-0.6195620894432068,
-0.12606120109558105,
-0.7592445015907288,
0.010110825300216675,
0.10416558384895325,
0.4100360572338104,
-0.034305036067962646,
1.542583703994751,
0.9158793687820435,
0.5325963497161865,
0.8332222700119019,
-0.11011108756065369,
-0.9601612687110901,
0.6062597632408142,
-0.03687848150730133,
-0.11577755957841873,
0.704557478427887,
-0.06122395023703575,
-0.7550028562545776,
0.455735981464386,
-0.3212561011314392,
-0.81492680311203,
0.6195160150527954,
1.1896495819091797,
0.0751010850071907,
1.5897375345230103,
0.8966299295425415,
-0.5287894606590271,
0.2366156280040741,
-0.0005970895290374756,
-0.03480364382266998,
-0.3158944249153137,
-0.27061426639556885,
1.1274769306182861,
0.36307409405708313,
0.06776319444179535,
0.6641513109207153,
-0.17576459050178528,
0.8964738845825195,
-0.788461446762085,
0.3881179094314575,
-0.5825405716896057,
-0.5801739692687988,
-0.23840488493442535,
-0.07662713527679443,
-1.1416926383972168,
-0.452908456325531,
-0.5762789249420166,
-0.7510470151901245,
-1.1396608352661133,
0.6244422197341919,
-0.8147264719009399,
-0.9706321954727173,
0.7623709440231323,
-0.33372706174850464,
0.09893493354320526,
0.9658586978912354,
-1.2389692068099976,
0.7683539986610413,
0.29846855998039246,
0.03229294717311859,
-0.07464724779129028,
0.3039817214012146,
-0.20920589566230774,
-0.22794663906097412,
0.26968052983283997,
-0.6461700201034546,
-0.10645364969968796,
-0.7215050458908081,
-0.2889844477176666,
0.16634711623191833,
-0.34247490763664246,
-0.15197785198688507,
1.2632969617843628,
0.922610878944397,
0.2402573525905609,
0.9115136861801147,
0.3062732219696045,
0.35216960310935974,
-0.9939827919006348,
-0.9609389305114746,
-0.0332716628909111,
-1.1361011266708374,
-0.4807405173778534,
-0.27741649746894836,
-1.1108548641204834,
-0.02882903814315796,
0.08005572855472565,
0.2787145674228668,
-0.5610848665237427,
0.267757773399353,
-0.026002496480941772,
-0.4819919764995575,
0.13757778704166412,
-1.5333025455474854,
0.9287102222442627,
-0.0767044723033905,
-0.6703755855560303,
-0.2502085566520691,
0.32116514444351196,
0.787015974521637,
-0.722804605960846,
-0.30079835653305054,
0.069270059466362,
-1.1903537511825562,
1.2380483150482178,
-0.20750828087329865,
0.2604333460330963,
1.0781567096710205,
-1.202513575553894,
0.5478781461715698,
0.7758405208587646,
-0.7173460721969604,
0.3655965030193329,
0.43515971302986145,
-0.6064033508300781,
0.7565281391143799,
-0.633492648601532,
-0.21321053802967072,
0.5434151887893677,
0.7553673386573792,
0.17909905314445496,
-0.40645840764045715,
-0.8577985763549805,
0.368069589138031,
0.316593736410141,
0.19302257895469666,
0.7444345951080322,
0.4011409282684326,
0.7382806539535522,
1.2810378074645996,
-0.28715193271636963,
0.9297346472740173,
-0.18855167925357819,
-0.4295106530189514,
0.01029852032661438,
-0.518018901348114,
-0.6846485137939453,
-0.5193185210227966,
0.29605692625045776,
-0.19057594239711761,
0.2330358624458313,
0.9390995502471924,
0.024327754974365234,
0.32158100605010986,
0.8013781309127808,
0.19863954186439514,
-0.011701256036758423,
0.8824360370635986,
-0.3401881158351898,
-0.6278719902038574,
-0.4008195996284485,
-0.00760483555495739,
-0.5494539737701416,
0.923273503780365,
0.15954741835594177,
0.3834940791130066,
-0.01920837163925171,
0.12022967636585236,
-0.05355289578437805,
-0.047315604984760284,
-0.5275243520736694,
-0.19921474158763885,
-0.03448846936225891,
0.8089904189109802,
1.3437026739120483,
-0.6187236309051514,
-0.9349625110626221,
0.016817491501569748,
0.28815844655036926,
-0.24142614006996155,
0.001707613468170166,
1.5498090982437134,
0.3503894507884979,
-0.5958247780799866,
1.3410340547561646,
-0.1294940710067749,
1.8486915826797485,
-0.3481122851371765,
0.007615178823471069,
0.4952799081802368,
-0.5064560770988464,
-0.4492018222808838,
0.04546966031193733,
0.6326985359191895,
0.44557780027389526,
-0.4818747043609619,
0.28274691104888916,
0.7336061596870422,
-0.2038893848657608,
0.35463154315948486,
-0.38379377126693726,
-0.2111150622367859,
-0.21851195394992828,
-0.27205690741539,
-0.48809751868247986,
0.02233348786830902,
0.8625478148460388,
0.40858185291290283,
0.45961350202560425,
0.13517805933952332,
-0.5221571922302246,
1.0317375659942627,
0.14254000782966614,
0.138162761926651,
-0.5232434868812561,
-0.7913069725036621,
0.2768744230270386,
0.611531674861908,
-0.5365625023841858,
-0.6340035200119019,
0.4700395166873932,
0.3836091160774231,
0.2576668858528137,
1.288132667541504,
0.28513598442077637,
0.1015682965517044,
0.297321617603302,
-0.3277089595794678,
-0.585216224193573,
-0.06265074014663696,
-1.1078664064407349,
-0.862173318862915,
-0.06995268166065216,
0.24243155121803284,
-0.30555349588394165,
-0.9756675958633423,
0.24371671676635742,
0.5071181058883667,
0.3581792712211609,
-0.7537034749984741,
-0.10090349614620209,
-0.10630088299512863,
0.6017393469810486,
1.6649848222732544,
0.3272368609905243,
-0.18764588236808777,
0.026737332344055176,
0.07081341743469238,
0.3439314067363739,
-1.2882344722747803,
-0.023823365569114685,
-0.7105805277824402,
-0.9483569264411926,
0.4420101046562195,
-1.0132620334625244,
0.7852417826652527,
1.769258737564087,
-0.8951969146728516,
-1.3788162469863892,
1.1025991439819336,
0.06276565045118332,
0.6030075550079346,
0.08832964301109314,
0.34358829259872437,
-0.21807168424129486,
-0.8083606958389282,
1.0706933736801147,
0.02657989412546158,
-0.4843209981918335,
1.0372700691223145,
-0.2802966833114624,
0.636974573135376,
-0.2616613507270813,
0.5542793869972229
] |
what does modified sine wave light look like? | are frequency and amplitude the only attributes of light? if two colours are added the result appears to remain a sine but the frequency becomes an average of the two. is this what is happening? why does it not become a composite wave form (like happens with sound) and why does it not take on a new appearance (the way sounds changes when the waveform changes shape). whether light is even a sine wave is discussed [elsewhere](_url_0_) and i suspect therein lies the (unsatisfactory) answer to my question... "*they are and they aren't. we simply think of them as being sinusoidal because it is an easy mathematical basis to work with.*" | the general form of a scalar sinusoidal wave is f(**r**,t) = asin(**k·r** - ωt + φ). there are a few properties of this function worth giving names. a is the *amplitude*, **k** is the *wave vector* (related to the momentum of the wave), ω is the *angular frequency* (related to the energy of the wave), and φ is the *phase constant*. the angular frequency and the wave vector must be related by a *dispersion relation* ω(**k**). for an electromagnetic wave in vacuum, ω(**k**) = |**k**|c, where c is the speed of light. this isn't exactly a light wave, because i've written f as a scalar function. in reality electromagnetic waves should be written as electric field vectors (or magnetic field vector, or by the electromagnetic potentials; they're all related): **e**(**r**,t) = **e***_0_*sin(**k·r** - ωt + φ). this is of the same form as above, except the amplitude has been replaced by a vector **e***_0_*. the magnitude of this vector is the wave amplitude, and its direction defines the *polarization* of the wave. it *does* become a "composite wave", which is a superposition of the two individual waves. the form i've given here is of waves of definite frequency. in reality you can't produce a wave with 100% certain frequency, but you can get close. or in other words, you can consider individual fourier modes, but keep in mind that any physical wave will be a superposition of multiple fourier modes rather than a pure single frequency. | 4 | [] | [
"https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/not-hw-why-are-light-waves-in-the-form-of-the-sine-wave-instead-of-some-other-wave.347805/"
] | [] | [
-1.5965237617492676,
0.24360647797584534,
-0.590400755405426,
-1.2229716777801514,
-3.100390911102295,
-0.1775355041027069,
2.379441738128662,
-0.005008876323699951,
2.0295073986053467,
-0.34336212277412415,
3.860353469848633,
-1.6748729944229126,
-1.805763602256775,
0.25927528738975525,
1.8438875675201416,
1.6587114334106445,
-0.22711005806922913,
0.7160872220993042,
-4.733941078186035,
-1.06819748878479,
4.195245742797852,
0.6689274907112122,
-2.0504274368286133,
0.5939873456954956,
-1.4373362064361572,
1.9859318733215332,
1.39056396484375,
-0.5969783067703247,
2.027432680130005,
0.84589684009552,
0.3459842801094055,
5.87064790725708,
-0.8639964461326599,
1.0509295463562012,
-3.5364086627960205,
-0.5707863569259644,
0.7261736392974854,
-0.5826942324638367,
-0.8309465646743774,
1.7370156049728394,
-0.6556798219680786,
0.5559280514717102,
1.7796601057052612,
0.3076820373535156,
-0.8953490257263184,
-0.3429698050022125,
-0.3669876754283905,
2.00406551361084,
-0.8232203722000122,
-0.1393732726573944,
-2.9665396213531494,
-1.0786811113357544,
-1.2956351041793823,
-1.6057348251342773,
-0.8148326277732849,
1.154250979423523,
2.4334051609039307,
-4.334555149078369,
0.6305297017097473,
-2.967545986175537,
0.9594039916992188,
-1.5114398002624512,
-0.6347715854644775,
0.005634114146232605,
3.2331342697143555,
-1.4505575895309448,
-0.49347779154777527,
-2.904866933822632,
-0.06705035269260406,
4.09732723236084,
-1.056175947189331,
0.7665807604789734,
2.3396990299224854,
1.0343056917190552,
1.5365687608718872,
-0.24332469701766968,
0.2542925477027893,
2.750570774078369,
0.1132037341594696,
2.0137321949005127,
1.8579277992248535,
-5.742905139923096,
-3.4072859287261963,
-4.956479072570801,
-0.05243110656738281,
4.18528413772583,
1.7376749515533447,
-0.5253782272338867,
0.5781760811805725,
2.684293508529663,
-2.8604724407196045,
-2.5109941959381104,
-4.494918346405029,
-0.733669102191925,
2.000819206237793,
-0.8186769485473633,
0.49253806471824646,
-2.403533935546875,
2.38293719291687,
0.13182306289672852,
-1.6937534809112549,
1.1606488227844238,
-4.179473876953125,
1.4366323947906494,
-1.6182500123977661,
0.3615124225616455,
-1.0251840353012085,
0.1254083663225174,
-2.2193009853363037,
-0.6399672031402588,
-0.1061253473162651,
-3.2708420753479004,
1.2639625072479248,
-2.3415093421936035,
-0.1874835193157196,
-2.1003012657165527,
2.328148603439331,
2.922780990600586,
-0.6437901258468628,
-0.816856324672699,
-0.003232210874557495,
-0.6809753179550171,
-0.636999249458313,
-0.9298772811889648,
2.526550054550171,
-0.33674007654190063,
-0.11553512513637543,
0.7307474613189697,
0.6691091060638428,
3.970639228820801,
1.247151255607605,
-4.064910411834717,
1.541551947593689,
3.257260322570801,
-1.0560535192489624,
1.5476601123809814,
4.378962993621826,
0.8661869764328003,
-1.7966361045837402,
5.2489094734191895,
0.6958982348442078,
0.6138442754745483,
-1.5389021635055542,
-1.320990800857544,
3.2733261585235596,
-2.0031917095184326,
-3.0846455097198486,
-2.7302632331848145,
3.8817272186279297,
2.1651434898376465,
-2.75068998336792,
-1.9864940643310547,
-2.3124828338623047,
-2.567012071609497,
1.1525380611419678,
0.9677379131317139,
0.6119670867919922,
0.7607985138893127,
-1.118486762046814,
1.28484308719635,
0.38317495584487915,
1.85048508644104,
4.4122161865234375,
2.601660966873169,
1.5076019763946533,
2.103998899459839,
2.2013766765594482,
0.19006788730621338,
-2.2153165340423584,
0.5143667459487915,
-0.6084091067314148,
0.6763702034950256,
-0.4446454644203186,
-0.9213550686836243,
-0.9964310526847839,
0.5162175893783569,
-2.0715579986572266,
-2.163140058517456,
-0.3079516887664795,
0.5784282088279724,
-0.06831669062376022,
1.1521568298339844,
6.380588531494141,
0.4544152617454529,
-0.4619976878166199,
2.2168469429016113,
-0.8286623954772949,
0.5366874933242798,
-4.140439033508301,
-1.5449193716049194,
0.470767617225647,
-4.0738911628723145,
-1.6268177032470703,
1.128628134727478,
-0.5432602167129517,
-2.9762003421783447,
1.2437900304794312,
-1.6414964199066162,
2.088447332382202,
2.0117979049682617,
-1.6118721961975098,
-2.4496142864227295,
1.708842396736145,
-0.21307337284088135,
0.47031205892562866,
1.5723565816879272,
2.752319812774658,
2.052204132080078,
-5.607539176940918,
2.9580881595611572,
-0.9785100221633911,
-4.803522109985352,
0.4899224042892456,
0.30448272824287415,
-2.456177234649658,
-1.4843032360076904,
-2.719430446624756,
-5.10646390914917,
-3.746668815612793,
1.745966911315918,
4.1540632247924805,
-1.9351615905761719,
-0.2562558054924011,
-2.447375774383545,
-1.600674033164978,
2.0346007347106934,
-1.629981517791748,
3.0253055095672607,
-1.7865562438964844,
0.967224657535553,
2.478581190109253,
0.7123180627822876,
-0.9484803676605225,
-1.0343868732452393,
0.8115057349205017,
-2.900331735610962,
-3.1778955459594727,
-0.3808363676071167,
-1.2368454933166504,
-3.4619126319885254,
-1.1883546113967896,
-1.33604896068573,
-0.4001368582248688,
-2.4696178436279297,
0.21177953481674194,
-2.954338788986206,
0.003375411033630371,
1.3818213939666748,
0.8542417883872986,
-0.03323662281036377,
0.6409550905227661,
0.95838862657547,
-1.5081186294555664,
1.985190510749817,
1.888645887374878,
0.3224419951438904,
2.80073881149292,
-1.2700200080871582,
-1.1634973287582397,
2.8299312591552734,
4.749810218811035,
3.2349939346313477,
1.0802090167999268,
0.06405240297317505,
-1.7433186769485474,
4.342831611633301,
4.216394424438477,
-0.05834750831127167,
-2.5331027507781982,
-0.7892818450927734,
0.5553011894226074,
1.212973952293396,
-0.6939350962638855,
-1.4956018924713135,
0.7945694327354431,
-4.6225457191467285,
0.6501162052154541,
-0.48170554637908936,
-4.296962738037109,
0.29756999015808105,
-2.3739428520202637,
-3.6078593730926514,
0.8711204528808594,
1.0049920082092285,
1.0014097690582275,
-1.162169337272644,
0.01893135905265808,
-0.18703432381153107,
3.1014015674591064,
-2.0426692962646484,
1.3630326986312866,
2.0212113857269287,
1.7679516077041626,
-1.4555068016052246,
1.20877206325531,
3.6927475929260254,
-2.6687252521514893,
-0.6149161458015442,
0.16620555520057678,
-2.130460262298584,
0.19628122448921204,
-1.2263396978378296,
-1.0770972967147827,
1.0560978651046753,
-0.45764845609664917,
-0.33080458641052246,
1.3954840898513794,
2.005481481552124,
0.8245594501495361,
-2.5268430709838867,
0.4649341404438019,
-2.19093918800354,
1.9400511980056763,
1.7438887357711792,
-1.0807551145553589,
3.8151791095733643,
-2.0786044597625732,
2.5173614025115967,
3.2710280418395996,
0.6619319915771484,
-0.4782630205154419,
-1.4821237325668335,
-0.19767948985099792,
-1.975860595703125,
5.796926975250244,
0.4559021294116974,
-1.7147668600082397,
-6.482104301452637,
-0.25379645824432373,
-1.5969431400299072,
-0.5798294544219971,
2.0083868503570557,
-2.0326895713806152,
-0.0348939374089241,
3.819643020629883,
-0.22492972016334534,
-1.3252949714660645,
0.31903162598609924,
0.1422656774520874,
2.5099921226501465,
1.8543508052825928,
0.21140480041503906,
0.02004813402891159,
-0.2344239503145218,
0.7027628421783447,
-0.09850175678730011,
-0.3088298439979553,
0.7546194791793823,
-3.6603453159332275,
1.0324069261550903,
-2.5925402641296387,
3.701809883117676,
3.4779257774353027,
0.06674784421920776,
-1.9710772037506104,
-1.6422070264816284,
1.676789402961731,
1.183955430984497,
-1.950990080833435,
4.147350788116455,
-0.6198006272315979,
2.131175994873047,
-1.9336060285568237,
4.0837554931640625,
-2.2598378658294678,
1.2935630083084106,
0.3932713568210602,
-0.09474349021911621,
-1.1153290271759033,
3.887617349624634,
-1.5092856884002686,
6.788424015045166,
-0.7368481159210205,
-1.1976182460784912,
-1.0205249786376953,
-1.4315505027770996,
-1.5125470161437988,
0.04334746673703194,
-4.258941650390625,
-1.6163280010223389,
2.0000557899475098,
1.9137661457061768,
2.8765149116516113,
2.01013445854187
] |
question about the juxtamedullary nephron | as i understand it, the juxtamedullary nephron consumes extra energy to retain water when you are dehydrated. when i am dehydrated, i am usually tired, and i fall asleep much easier. is this because i'm using up extra energy to retain water? | it's not the nephron itself that's causing the retention. when you are dehydrated permeability is increased within certain sections of the nephron (particularly the collecting duct/principle cells) along with the descending loop of henle. although this does cause some extra energy usage it shouldn't be the cause for being tired. that would most likely come from your body conserving water & prioritizing. keeping the blood pressure at a proper rate overtakes supply to other areas, etc. the same thing happens when you get really, really, cold. your body realizes this and compensates, shutting down (or reducing energy consumption) to non-essential parts. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.3528425693511963,
0.649105429649353,
1.6915173530578613,
2.009486675262451,
1.03922700881958,
-1.3544260263442993,
1.790267825126648,
0.9979270696640015,
1.0548622608184814,
-0.3226907253265381,
0.6034696102142334,
0.6144653558731079,
-0.7546320557594299,
-0.16336923837661743,
0.14952358603477478,
-0.9499053955078125,
-0.18098075687885284,
-0.04232373088598251,
-2.596362590789795,
0.6337301135063171,
-0.05771329998970032,
0.43554264307022095,
-0.25265854597091675,
-0.658008337020874,
0.08000823110342026,
-0.32065117359161377,
0.29660043120384216,
-0.5891063213348389,
1.062756061553955,
-0.8139671087265015,
-0.8264452219009399,
0.39428430795669556,
0.06088641285896301,
-1.3294419050216675,
0.9385459423065186,
1.4580416679382324,
-0.6269679665565491,
0.06778453290462494,
-1.1405574083328247,
0.005813021212816238,
-0.1076977476477623,
-1.4339433908462524,
-0.5187035202980042,
1.1723544597625732,
0.17355220019817352,
2.167971134185791,
0.9186769723892212,
-0.31393003463745117,
0.23054185509681702,
0.7486726641654968,
-0.7771203517913818,
0.2942909002304077,
-0.011984527111053467,
1.1578326225280762,
-1.069212555885315,
-0.04636387154459953,
-0.007133275270462036,
-1.4990147352218628,
-1.935957670211792,
-0.44694340229034424,
0.10498741269111633,
0.4555826187133789,
-1.8402459621429443,
1.0912470817565918,
3.8078842163085938,
-0.32502031326293945,
0.6460291147232056,
-0.6109752058982849,
-0.4133053719997406,
1.9587390422821045,
1.4079381227493286,
-0.4041234850883484,
-0.47972941398620605,
-1.4426323175430298,
-0.3186032176017761,
0.4119047224521637,
0.20891082286834717,
-0.1834673434495926,
-0.3209676742553711,
0.3285124599933624,
0.6146939396858215,
1.135735273361206,
0.5456845760345459,
-0.3131215274333954,
-0.6241886615753174,
1.7925057411193848,
1.3169418573379517,
-0.33622586727142334,
-1.0868639945983887,
0.30301976203918457,
-1.723893642425537,
-0.0688624233007431,
0.9809396862983704,
-0.6811724901199341,
1.0805753469467163,
2.066340208053589,
-0.8950629234313965,
-0.4633205831050873,
-1.329390287399292,
-0.6095712184906006,
-1.6615040302276611,
1.571980595588684,
-2.1340978145599365,
-0.047220468521118164,
-0.46493059396743774,
-1.2842233180999756,
-0.03066517412662506,
1.5230062007904053,
0.7273225784301758,
0.30835795402526855,
-0.3561316430568695,
-0.12277194857597351,
0.41137969493865967,
0.20180083811283112,
0.07722398638725281,
0.2488512396812439,
-0.7512433528900146,
0.2922835052013397,
-0.9942086935043335,
-0.3070644736289978,
-0.5552387833595276,
-1.6687105894088745,
-1.0271308422088623,
-0.07945483922958374,
0.13476404547691345,
-0.1444234848022461,
-1.0602227449417114,
1.1563719511032104,
0.9969436526298523,
-0.8201619386672974,
1.7477936744689941,
0.14938141405582428,
0.4118405878543854,
-0.47663602232933044,
-2.0641658306121826,
-0.4620020389556885,
1.6996257305145264,
0.06916460394859314,
-0.9658900499343872,
1.3149183988571167,
0.1827254295349121,
1.7214391231536865,
0.1159249022603035,
-1.7256901264190674,
-0.44566774368286133,
1.3432095050811768,
0.8615354299545288,
-1.3462257385253906,
-0.23368844389915466,
-0.24744194746017456,
-1.0989960432052612,
-0.2600097954273224,
1.1294095516204834,
-0.041465893387794495,
-0.3300429582595825,
-0.30442237854003906,
-2.413936138153076,
-0.37718746066093445,
0.03646083176136017,
0.10965415835380554,
-0.9384335875511169,
0.6420460939407349,
-0.47572943568229675,
1.1785838603973389,
-0.13797128200531006,
0.6509950757026672,
0.04578904062509537,
-1.4257229566574097,
1.0062377452850342,
-0.5721383094787598,
0.24031350016593933,
-0.06951934099197388,
1.2111468315124512,
-1.4406216144561768,
0.3291800022125244,
-0.04115179181098938,
-3.558419704437256,
-0.051353562623262405,
0.19074754416942596,
1.9979071617126465,
1.3170685768127441,
-0.40394920110702515,
0.3998366594314575,
-0.11754840612411499,
-0.28636395931243896,
-1.010930061340332,
-1.1497842073440552,
-0.3895106315612793,
-1.0563451051712036,
0.4537964463233948,
-0.24015937745571136,
0.04562413692474365,
0.5472469925880432,
0.5760876536369324,
-0.501895010471344,
-1.0258288383483887,
-1.5235763788223267,
0.4563780128955841,
-1.2348487377166748,
-0.8511625528335571,
0.1463775932788849,
0.19937019050121307,
-0.012451022863388062,
-0.2625231444835663,
-0.23299400508403778,
-0.8591408133506775,
-0.01779177039861679,
-1.3450981378555298,
0.5985097885131836,
-1.160719871520996,
-0.7635699510574341,
-0.5224725008010864,
-0.20015697181224823,
-0.6101395487785339,
-0.001229219138622284,
0.5694655776023865,
0.1924048811197281,
-0.6096688508987427,
0.8889572024345398,
0.7839787006378174,
0.9118341207504272,
-0.7798838019371033,
-0.8105911016464233,
-2.216094493865967,
0.6337009072303772,
-1.150933027267456,
0.20821426808834076,
1.1479241847991943,
0.06801595538854599,
0.5051224827766418,
-0.36009207367897034,
-1.1906259059906006,
-0.06050597131252289,
2.0281033515930176,
-0.365916907787323,
-0.2546676993370056,
-0.06551632285118103,
-0.11607532203197479,
-0.05511586740612984,
-0.3720049560070038,
-0.45895010232925415,
0.8075411319732666,
-0.4441174566745758,
-0.24492864310741425,
-0.6866461038589478,
1.351020097732544,
0.8370643854141235,
-0.08807812631130219,
0.17173974215984344,
1.7159411907196045,
-1.7008922100067139,
0.913091778755188,
-0.6674267649650574,
0.45084866881370544,
-1.6612675189971924,
-0.4709118902683258,
-1.1760135889053345,
-2.006356716156006,
-0.3722156286239624,
-0.3925827145576477,
0.22635424137115479,
0.16486278176307678,
-2.2741482257843018,
-0.6668196320533752,
1.8254492282867432,
-0.1266254186630249,
1.865541696548462,
1.9204130172729492,
0.18696977198123932,
-1.1382323503494263,
0.1947767436504364,
-1.3742941617965698,
-0.4326167404651642,
0.20747452974319458,
1.8686764240264893,
-1.6285377740859985,
0.5702415704727173,
0.5113958120346069,
0.7677808403968811,
0.8321713209152222,
0.6888684034347534,
-2.051565408706665,
0.0939817726612091,
-0.04842914640903473,
0.3692305088043213,
-0.9169043302536011,
-0.4838387668132782,
-1.102710247039795,
1.4009615182876587,
-0.6111219525337219,
-0.018107429146766663,
2.5670218467712402,
2.08423113822937,
-0.04111369699239731,
1.1331114768981934,
1.119678020477295,
0.9348142147064209,
0.22300758957862854,
-0.7939735651016235,
0.09743994474411011,
0.5619423389434814,
-1.0839492082595825,
-0.16528603434562683,
-1.0434547662734985,
-1.8680936098098755,
-0.6577357053756714,
0.5015303492546082,
-0.17330792546272278,
0.6502975225448608,
-1.5288825035095215,
-0.24957430362701416,
-0.4333581328392029,
0.3439270853996277,
-0.2616000175476074,
-1.1682474613189697,
-0.49802806973457336,
-1.7452154159545898,
1.9879567623138428,
1.00943124294281,
0.5058114528656006,
0.24754156172275543,
-0.43164026737213135,
-0.7397603392601013,
1.272125244140625,
1.5078400373458862,
-0.29336637258529663,
0.8704021573066711,
0.46648892760276794,
0.18554356694221497,
1.2182435989379883,
0.6123394966125488,
2.5059449672698975,
2.3819704055786133,
-0.3626105785369873,
0.6045680046081543,
1.628767967224121,
0.014790654182434082,
-0.23162537813186646,
-1.8098607063293457,
-0.5657063126564026,
-0.2619069516658783,
0.43643295764923096,
0.003909975290298462,
1.745373010635376,
1.1151885986328125,
-1.5355782508850098,
1.6095619201660156,
1.2689990997314453,
-0.2712658643722534,
0.28792455792427063,
0.046720847487449646,
1.4323779344558716,
1.6679589748382568,
-0.0023393332958221436,
2.0036067962646484,
-0.6464753150939941,
-0.20415350794792175,
0.3883196711540222,
0.484986811876297,
0.2240821123123169,
-1.4177021980285645,
-0.16141580045223236,
-0.384871244430542,
3.056457281112671,
-1.9022676944732666,
-0.711269199848175,
-1.2139675617218018,
1.5742340087890625,
-1.3078771829605103,
1.5833553075790405,
-0.004054233431816101,
1.7787501811981201,
1.4432432651519775,
-0.25284892320632935,
-0.8473837375640869,
-1.7357741594314575,
0.03724469244480133,
1.3012362718582153,
-1.1060115098953247,
0.6348146200180054,
-0.11965888738632202,
0.6110098361968994,
1.5778770446777344,
0.2644142806529999
] |
what is the difference between entanercept and adalimumab? | they are both monoclonal antibodies that inhibit tnf. so how do they differ? | first of all, you need to know that since they are monoclonal antibodies (both are igg1), they have bot the same effectiveness. etanercept is a fusion protein produced by recombinant dna. it has a half-life of 70–132 hours and a bioavailability of 58–76%. it has only one kappa light chain. adalimumab was a fully human monoclonal antibody. it has a half-life of 240-480 hours and a bioavailability of ~64%. it has two kappa light chains. | 6 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF_inhibitor"
] | [
-0.8779156804084778,
-0.35759344696998596,
-0.09076634049415588,
-0.04843047261238098,
-0.6824285984039307,
-0.3723815381526947,
-0.17512299120426178,
0.6803542375564575,
0.2736043334007263,
-0.5284051895141602,
0.6425369381904602,
0.3450671136379242,
-0.49676382541656494,
-0.29137754440307617,
0.03208502382040024,
0.1073024794459343,
-0.5422720909118652,
0.7067655324935913,
-1.2672948837280273,
-0.1510753482580185,
-0.48938462138175964,
-0.3354821503162384,
0.05018230155110359,
0.18483832478523254,
0.2186371386051178,
-0.819503664970398,
0.3088000416755676,
0.23766860365867615,
-0.07223959267139435,
-0.7229709029197693,
0.5433664917945862,
0.07621265947818756,
0.29262304306030273,
0.1856316179037094,
0.20795632898807526,
-1.2573184967041016,
-0.5641417503356934,
0.43657737970352173,
0.10104402899742126,
-0.6359844207763672,
0.598626434803009,
0.38315466046333313,
-0.008821070194244385,
0.14976520836353302,
0.5416625738143921,
0.16424217820167542,
-1.0688910484313965,
0.06346966326236725,
-0.07200165092945099,
0.5470486879348755,
-0.014022745192050934,
-0.3950095772743225,
-0.7105445861816406,
1.5426236391067505,
0.15471798181533813,
0.7444252371788025,
-0.8989472389221191,
-0.08849579095840454,
0.15300755202770233,
0.4207502603530884,
0.4047766923904419,
-0.010768264532089233,
0.42793750762939453,
0.497298926115036,
0.7947480082511902,
-0.4417042136192322,
0.027999062091112137,
-1.695450782775879,
-0.050139546394348145,
0.9913421273231506,
-0.6457682847976685,
-0.8312800526618958,
-0.8579221963882446,
1.2045955657958984,
-0.05243265628814697,
0.29224857687950134,
-0.2273252308368683,
0.4759587347507477,
0.7746421098709106,
0.813351035118103,
-0.40735509991645813,
0.31186020374298096,
1.4532452821731567,
0.6292309761047363,
0.380642831325531,
1.3340613842010498,
-0.282837450504303,
0.6068118810653687,
-1.2000267505645752,
0.14269007742404938,
-0.4374512732028961,
0.027072221040725708,
-0.0034437477588653564,
-0.593377411365509,
0.8574901819229126,
0.06146231293678284,
-0.2193419635295868,
-0.18545827269554138,
0.0028362609446048737,
0.5370323657989502,
-0.7578823566436768,
-1.4575700759887695,
-1.7315459251403809,
-0.1913059800863266,
-2.1202797889709473,
0.05255551636219025,
-0.2691161334514618,
1.1990540027618408,
0.5196495056152344,
0.4152899384498596,
0.6729219555854797,
0.5740302801132202,
0.4179370403289795,
0.09548334032297134,
0.4286719858646393,
0.06609386205673218,
-0.16908444464206696,
0.5579825043678284,
0.507543683052063,
1.313560962677002,
0.13185685873031616,
-0.592706024646759,
0.4388389587402344,
0.43527093529701233,
0.4131343960762024,
0.11446213722229004,
0.9394393563270569,
0.7062767148017883,
0.38563966751098633,
0.9749195575714111,
0.5140547156333923,
0.0036336183547973633,
-0.34312036633491516,
-0.20455949008464813,
-0.8100825548171997,
-1.050860047340393,
-0.5718380212783813,
-0.2529868483543396,
-0.5806721448898315,
0.532025158405304,
-1.1215848922729492,
0.29382526874542236,
-0.6714296340942383,
0.03557376563549042,
1.0839513540267944,
1.6100599765777588,
0.322310209274292,
-0.7449517846107483,
0.25104039907455444,
0.07956632226705551,
-0.4837716221809387,
-0.04001302272081375,
1.1777355670928955,
0.7391812205314636,
0.05483274161815643,
0.9663785099983215,
-0.07886877655982971,
0.9834867119789124,
-0.20551247894763947,
0.019806817173957825,
-1.4300016164779663,
0.046144187450408936,
-0.07954776287078857,
0.21419669687747955,
-0.2306337207555771,
-0.9218405485153198,
-0.18305562436580658,
0.23171386122703552,
-0.6100799441337585,
1.6441481113433838,
-0.706976056098938,
-1.3500701189041138,
0.813220202922821,
-0.9217750430107117,
-0.6966215372085571,
-0.19494013488292694,
0.3011828064918518,
0.9948920011520386,
-0.43021726608276367,
-0.0905613899230957,
-0.20858660340309143,
-0.5131023526191711,
1.4911950826644897,
0.48674678802490234,
-0.019279032945632935,
0.04651401937007904,
0.5411622524261475,
0.7992122173309326,
0.35531026124954224,
-0.30300959944725037,
-0.4735420048236847,
0.10670521855354309,
-0.23808342218399048,
1.0011601448059082,
-1.1020721197128296,
-1.010036826133728,
-0.1883533000946045,
-0.0728042721748352,
0.809912383556366,
-0.9837971329689026,
1.2419679164886475,
0.45210421085357666,
0.074709452688694,
-0.4461272358894348,
1.1435725688934326,
0.6734209656715393,
-0.6047206521034241,
-0.17008501291275024,
-1.4771665334701538,
-0.6577998399734497,
-0.2444992959499359,
0.07282191514968872,
-0.14654678106307983,
0.01954585313796997,
-0.3208661675453186,
-0.2107873260974884,
-2.2062811851501465,
-0.31730327010154724,
1.2224105596542358,
0.6448432207107544,
-0.7096778750419617,
0.13018126785755157,
-0.9093140959739685,
-0.2714696526527405,
-0.24723410606384277,
-1.0053246021270752,
-0.343039333820343,
0.10671183466911316,
0.10760802030563354,
0.3763295114040375,
0.184810608625412,
0.9536944627761841,
0.3886093199253082,
1.344821810722351,
1.4298019409179688,
0.5129542350769043,
-1.769218921661377,
-0.8317728042602539,
-0.7866713404655457,
-0.762273371219635,
1.6481757164001465,
0.4544506072998047,
-0.28717467188835144,
0.8851858377456665,
-0.4308333992958069,
1.5373672246932983,
0.3432561159133911,
0.21617601811885834,
0.6373364925384521,
0.8546966314315796,
-0.8146462440490723,
-0.740127682685852,
-0.24989835917949677,
-0.29217854142189026,
0.04256439208984375,
0.39237332344055176,
-0.27551519870758057,
-0.46341559290885925,
0.1258864849805832,
-1.1042295694351196,
-0.4870304763317108,
-0.5527596473693848,
0.40917009115219116,
-0.29501283168792725,
0.3535899221897125,
0.3612779378890991,
-0.07525211572647095,
-0.5599371194839478,
0.2610141932964325,
0.45204055309295654,
1.1730633974075317,
-0.2168901562690735,
0.19942167401313782,
0.19939838349819183,
0.5047932863235474,
-0.13482360541820526,
0.7650867104530334,
0.06050211191177368,
-1.0806305408477783,
-0.47527480125427246,
0.9959366917610168,
0.13553136587142944,
-0.16397958993911743,
0.32588309049606323,
0.00041393935680389404,
-0.9609408378601074,
0.39710018038749695,
0.2417239248752594,
0.10078543424606323,
0.8375640511512756,
0.19048745930194855,
0.11738289892673492,
-0.05885350704193115,
-0.3391427993774414,
0.7383939027786255,
0.5177338123321533,
-0.12058508396148682,
0.08645641058683395,
-0.14542323350906372,
-0.1448994129896164,
-1.0683571100234985,
-0.34344592690467834,
0.45562243461608887,
-0.2413775622844696,
-1.9886966943740845,
-0.46429476141929626,
-0.2419952154159546,
-0.39629748463630676,
0.6496216058731079,
-1.6229714155197144,
-0.42306026816368103,
0.00418853759765625,
0.5136381387710571,
0.7738199234008789,
-0.7394979000091553,
0.4246630370616913,
-0.3762624263763428,
-0.021614190191030502,
0.2799786925315857,
0.1968638151884079,
1.7730711698532104,
-0.2555156946182251,
-0.42039361596107483,
-0.04308561608195305,
-0.4534492492675781,
0.9000521898269653,
-0.7029678225517273,
-0.6625584959983826,
-0.030187472701072693,
0.13816143572330475,
0.4884594678878784,
1.7449610233306885,
0.5042802691459656,
-0.06123119592666626,
0.15130701661109924,
-0.3636292815208435,
-0.14518848061561584,
0.0011083334684371948,
-0.4999614357948303,
-0.23474617302417755,
-0.5561345815658569,
-0.41811418533325195,
0.1416778862476349,
-0.1710357666015625,
-0.4666730463504791,
-0.17212963104248047,
0.5861701369285583,
0.5798113346099854,
-0.7882397770881653,
-0.36578696966171265,
-0.3394000828266144,
0.7495218515396118,
0.8262566328048706,
0.10324542224407196,
-0.809603750705719,
-0.4039596915245056,
-1.0059221982955933,
0.04532371461391449,
0.7136780023574829,
-0.1997203677892685,
-0.08295220136642456,
-0.1400481015443802,
-0.6907097101211548,
0.4615624248981476,
-0.7130632400512695,
0.15550479292869568,
0.41968828439712524,
-0.06676062941551208,
-1.1542890071868896,
0.6493518352508545,
0.6191741824150085,
0.7618452906608582,
-0.11500907689332962,
-1.100237250328064,
-2.0446619987487793,
-0.33772414922714233,
0.0030146390199661255,
-0.011772960424423218,
-0.7585801482200623,
-0.8880205154418945,
1.0102620124816895,
0.1003016009926796,
1.7861363887786865,
-1.0822505950927734
] |
how does cdma work? | i've been reading about cdma recently, and i understand that only users who share a code will be able to decipher the data sent in a signal. however, i'm having trouble understanding how multiple users can send data through the same frequency. i'm picturing this in a situation where data is sent through radio waves. wouldn't the multiple signals interfere, since they're sent through the same frequency? | a signal processing prof of mine, dr. peter dreissen, once told me something that i to this day find delightful, about over the air signal transmission: we are all sending and receiving signals, and we only have this one big wire to share called the atmosphere. the thing you're asking about is multiplexing. specifically, cdma uses spread-spectrum coded multiplexing. multiplexing is a family of techniques we use to share the atmosphere so we can all send and receive signals, hopefully all at once. in order to understand this, one of the more complex types of multiplexing, it helps to understand the basic types which it is poor together from. i'll try to describe time, frequency, and split-frequency multiplexing. i think that will be a pretty smooth logical progression, please let me know where it can be improved. | 19 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_%28CDMA%29#mediaviewer/File:Drzewo_ciagow_ortogonalnych.png"
] | [
-2.317366123199463,
-0.49404436349868774,
-0.3173074722290039,
-1.6997897624969482,
-0.012682437896728516,
-1.595294713973999,
0.6852366924285889,
-1.6869994401931763,
0.10143029689788818,
0.8261383175849915,
-0.01435936987400055,
1.1211864948272705,
-0.4062122106552124,
-0.6265913248062134,
0.6740145087242126,
0.9287331104278564,
0.0033131688833236694,
0.7227619886398315,
-0.9106849431991577,
-0.9808474183082581,
0.8042263984680176,
-0.516152560710907,
-0.9286409616470337,
0.010006174445152283,
-0.7642301917076111,
-0.05559694766998291,
1.0943019390106201,
-0.0553911030292511,
1.1542540788650513,
-0.9372864961624146,
0.11402255296707153,
1.7468135356903076,
0.6684642434120178,
-1.174265742301941,
-2.523463487625122,
0.6222665905952454,
-0.24089716374874115,
0.2380519062280655,
-0.7750981450080872,
0.5766209959983826,
0.3800879716873169,
-0.5339635610580444,
-0.6261268258094788,
0.2218131124973297,
-1.867544412612915,
1.1744996309280396,
-0.6407062411308289,
1.7961018085479736,
-0.6886283159255981,
-0.17862284183502197,
0.3719054162502289,
0.6246832013130188,
-1.6159383058547974,
1.7949062585830688,
-0.36120691895484924,
-0.2763783037662506,
-1.2452260255813599,
0.785688042640686,
-0.6950177550315857,
-0.9575018882751465,
0.1519235074520111,
-0.4093070328235626,
-0.40575259923934937,
0.8452948331832886,
2.4907917976379395,
0.3757975697517395,
-0.20871075987815857,
-0.00944027304649353,
-0.06574475765228271,
0.25268930196762085,
-2.1647348403930664,
-0.15489402413368225,
-0.5449414253234863,
0.5397597551345825,
0.5288718342781067,
0.5664398074150085,
-0.7787654995918274,
0.07769184559583664,
1.620476484298706,
0.835935115814209,
0.10611548274755478,
-0.6155467629432678,
-1.4645371437072754,
-1.2574248313903809,
0.4074687957763672,
0.05240018665790558,
0.29097723960876465,
-0.6886366009712219,
-0.09395109862089157,
-1.0786426067352295,
0.29339998960494995,
0.8685062527656555,
-1.0806670188903809,
0.09023448824882507,
0.8031952977180481,
0.8533151149749756,
1.0462939739227295,
-1.0744644403457642,
-0.02298036217689514,
1.632218837738037,
0.38824933767318726,
-0.8185891509056091,
-2.8951361179351807,
-1.189717173576355,
-1.0898818969726562,
-2.067316770553589,
0.0737820416688919,
-0.06734749674797058,
0.44324013590812683,
0.09706038236618042,
-1.1109973192214966,
0.24661552906036377,
-0.8301846981048584,
-2.212352752685547,
-0.5944772362709045,
0.2931348979473114,
-1.2394301891326904,
0.45404085516929626,
2.3400237560272217,
-0.909061074256897,
-0.4482891857624054,
-2.097708225250244,
-0.2852334678173065,
1.1436889171600342,
1.8862180709838867,
1.0967016220092773,
1.059170126914978,
1.1702004671096802,
-0.30572497844696045,
2.261753559112549,
0.7008927464485168,
-0.10890017449855804,
0.7879456281661987,
1.5832574367523193,
0.0355130098760128,
-0.1921687126159668,
1.5644001960754395,
-0.7739546298980713,
-1.9706462621688843,
2.5652623176574707,
-0.2200784683227539,
1.9728460311889648,
1.0484843254089355,
-1.6372225284576416,
0.4413304328918457,
1.043574333190918,
0.040964946150779724,
-0.32776787877082825,
0.5174081921577454,
-0.9545861482620239,
-1.1225148439407349,
-1.7182708978652954,
2.256913661956787,
-0.06366521120071411,
2.0658514499664307,
0.35598835349082947,
1.252954125404358,
0.8158712983131409,
1.2362889051437378,
0.014577910304069519,
-1.4919543266296387,
0.9452844858169556,
0.027333661913871765,
1.1389901638031006,
0.07696709036827087,
-0.4635940492153168,
-0.26158174872398376,
-0.5266368389129639,
-0.3258811831474304,
0.5458197593688965,
-1.0479029417037964,
-1.8294388055801392,
0.6788628101348877,
-1.1594983339309692,
-1.1827033758163452,
0.8373457193374634,
-1.0291951894760132,
-0.313350647687912,
1.1307616233825684,
-0.6294944882392883,
-0.46391502022743225,
0.08419007062911987,
2.4400510787963867,
0.6101301908493042,
-0.5769814848899841,
0.5976467132568359,
0.8438022136688232,
1.8690928220748901,
-1.010249376296997,
-0.4850092828273773,
-0.2153894007205963,
-0.768459141254425,
1.5529961585998535,
0.6723613739013672,
-0.09946560859680176,
-1.111313819885254,
-0.22152510285377502,
-0.20981216430664062,
-0.07763135433197021,
0.45792892575263977,
0.1865989863872528,
-0.1696961522102356,
0.0029417425394058228,
-0.4718945622444153,
-0.29868084192276,
1.1524525880813599,
1.2738474607467651,
-0.9292855858802795,
-2.625993013381958,
1.30515456199646,
-0.25445371866226196,
0.4199361801147461,
-0.416676789522171,
-0.4526998996734619,
-1.0232183933258057,
-0.3932645320892334,
-2.6331026554107666,
0.676342248916626,
-0.38322654366493225,
1.315581202507019,
0.4531809985637665,
-0.18846124410629272,
0.9083355665206909,
-2.068723440170288,
-2.8818509578704834,
0.36907678842544556,
-0.4480878710746765,
0.7267951965332031,
-1.5615181922912598,
0.1770341396331787,
1.7361764907836914,
-0.5034664869308472,
1.6367720365524292,
1.90827214717865,
0.3332182765007019,
-0.7874130606651306,
-0.3780796527862549,
-0.35069382190704346,
-0.43199092149734497,
-0.1891677975654602,
-0.22634762525558472,
0.044383347034454346,
-1.0457754135131836,
-0.7291907072067261,
-0.6924672722816467,
2.1871557235717773,
-0.47190654277801514,
0.2559017539024353,
0.6866662502288818,
1.156461238861084,
-0.774631142616272,
0.6902116537094116,
-0.036707475781440735,
1.5515625476837158,
-0.8366369605064392,
-0.42653828859329224,
-1.1974263191223145,
1.0839532613754272,
-0.978030800819397,
0.9766610264778137,
3.268482208251953,
0.4779321551322937,
1.425458550453186,
-0.1682741641998291,
1.9722551107406616,
1.0142934322357178,
-0.30985227227211,
0.4476321339607239,
-1.5154238939285278,
0.01707926020026207,
-2.169177532196045,
0.7099851369857788,
-1.1002733707427979,
0.783112645149231,
1.0101556777954102,
-1.2776933908462524,
-0.31381702423095703,
-1.5182279348373413,
-1.1408720016479492,
0.5481677651405334,
0.29417070746421814,
-0.49632903933525085,
1.6834437847137451,
1.3630149364471436,
-0.03589913621544838,
-1.7478448152542114,
-0.10710301995277405,
0.49553707242012024,
1.1597808599472046,
-0.6182659864425659,
1.6800016164779663,
0.3206271529197693,
0.44903838634490967,
0.595000147819519,
0.7255133390426636,
0.0564141646027565,
-0.43790164589881897,
-1.1207422018051147,
1.016995906829834,
-0.6293019652366638,
-0.004336297512054443,
-0.7330222129821777,
-2.1556341648101807,
0.24219754338264465,
-0.6155373454093933,
0.003334715962409973,
0.6422008275985718,
0.022086650133132935,
0.6698547601699829,
-0.40104344487190247,
2.0342259407043457,
0.05494660139083862,
0.032355956733226776,
-0.5143553018569946,
-1.6546082496643066,
2.6200718879699707,
-3.0136990547180176,
1.2483558654785156,
-0.2732992172241211,
0.23923397064208984,
-0.4137316644191742,
-2.147674322128296,
-1.1965314149856567,
-1.6328620910644531,
0.22385933995246887,
0.16497701406478882,
-1.477412462234497,
-0.5368813276290894,
-0.47991693019866943,
-1.4894306659698486,
0.3610653877258301,
0.08171931654214859,
-0.8878810405731201,
1.448769450187683,
4.1198906898498535,
0.0986333042383194,
-0.8726177215576172,
-0.8547791242599487,
-2.1491105556488037,
-0.014996170997619629,
-0.3571483790874481,
1.1272073984146118,
-0.6416949033737183,
1.3611018657684326,
2.218845844268799,
1.3627113103866577,
1.3162248134613037,
2.364781141281128,
0.1436808705329895,
-0.9802607297897339,
-1.1036251783370972,
1.7325270175933838,
0.6815162897109985,
-0.04438714683055878,
-0.4529097080230713,
0.907466471195221,
-0.11207836866378784,
-0.4097232520580292,
-0.1287820041179657,
-0.08083942532539368,
-0.23691566288471222,
0.19430042803287506,
-1.0720369815826416,
2.718977689743042,
0.025640256702899933,
-0.17603883147239685,
-0.23679965734481812,
-0.608320951461792,
-0.13875038921833038,
2.435741424560547,
-0.12244507670402527,
1.1648979187011719,
1.7211939096450806,
-0.514586329460144,
-0.8309857249259949,
-1.953460454940796,
-0.06802811473608017,
-2.0462441444396973,
-0.38706207275390625,
0.9116566777229309,
-0.22223858535289764,
1.9887648820877075,
0.8639343976974487,
0.5244480967521667
] |
Subsets and Splits