title
stringlengths 4
300
| selftext
stringlengths 0
9.63k
| answers.text
stringlengths 47
11.4k
| answers.score
int64 2
32.7k
| title_urls.url
sequence | selftext_urls.url
sequence | answers_urls.url
sequence | sent_vec
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
what processes and environmental conditions would cause "stuckie" to reach its current state after being trapped in a hollow tree? | [stuckie](_url_0_) was found by loggers and donated to a local museum. google results are crammed with speculation and suggest it had been mummified or petrified. i'm pretty sure it's not petrified but whatever it is i'm wondering what conditions would lead to this happening and what processes took place after the dog died. *edit* here's a blog [post](_url_1_) with a few photos of the exhibit. the information card provides some information but doesn't seem very scientific. | so wait the dog was found inside a fully formed tree? it did not crawl into a already cut tree? also isn't there a pretty high chance this is a hoax? the dog was simply put in there post death? | 5 | [] | [
"http://www.exploregeorgia.org/Listing/Overview/19871/Southern-Forest-World",
"http://strollingthroughgeorgia.blogspot.com/2010/04/stuckie-petrified-dog.html?m=1"
] | [] | [
0.0196726992726326,
-0.047203585505485535,
-0.24438640475273132,
0.7703089118003845,
-0.26182204484939575,
-0.26616978645324707,
-0.6265196800231934,
-0.2420251965522766,
0.5514726042747498,
0.11451748013496399,
0.41792505979537964,
0.13235267996788025,
0.567040741443634,
0.19135108590126038,
-0.6033069491386414,
-0.3094238042831421,
-0.7431321144104004,
-0.7701178789138794,
-0.41100260615348816,
0.45410406589508057,
0.5220649242401123,
0.5137930512428284,
0.28628143668174744,
-0.28861337900161743,
-0.22591575980186462,
-0.3751656413078308,
-0.6518958806991577,
-0.7495146989822388,
-0.07887279987335205,
0.1026516854763031,
0.24427662789821625,
0.4506422281265259,
-0.7808434367179871,
-0.364308625459671,
0.1369783729314804,
0.31703054904937744,
0.2789328396320343,
-0.07037592679262161,
0.15283098816871643,
-0.23865610361099243,
-0.16727659106254578,
0.46819499135017395,
0.09426179528236389,
-0.35400399565696716,
0.0036703571677207947,
1.1724849939346313,
-0.752174437046051,
-0.4715653955936432,
-0.3929939270019531,
-0.3724933862686157,
-0.5946918725967407,
0.30778658390045166,
-0.09024325758218765,
-0.7237116694450378,
0.41943949460983276,
-0.2374938726425171,
0.5197683572769165,
0.2877179682254791,
0.604094386100769,
0.401599645614624,
0.22310376167297363,
-0.1559593826532364,
0.6460148096084595,
0.34322792291641235,
0.15858596563339233,
-0.6493886709213257,
-0.8370015621185303,
-0.5221303105354309,
-0.2160109281539917,
0.4192661941051483,
0.8775414228439331,
0.07321447134017944,
-0.3377501666545868,
0.08010034263134003,
-0.2870871424674988,
0.05309411510825157,
-0.025809943675994873,
-0.19935211539268494,
0.06528301537036896,
-0.5658445358276367,
-0.40449029207229614,
-0.22381311655044556,
-0.04844087362289429,
0.7814995050430298,
0.11353728920221329,
0.09884944558143616,
-0.24458003044128418,
0.1338837742805481,
-0.6840447187423706,
-0.1836821436882019,
0.6448038816452026,
-1.5373706817626953,
0.7053828239440918,
0.40922972559928894,
-0.34364432096481323,
-0.3042902946472168,
-0.027503296732902527,
0.5254650115966797,
0.05000859871506691,
-0.5258450508117676,
0.12943850457668304,
0.9312412738800049,
0.2264803946018219,
-1.624260663986206,
0.27108830213546753,
0.02983120083808899,
-0.12085888534784317,
0.3701077401638031,
1.0628154277801514,
0.5720061659812927,
0.234616219997406,
-0.6124420166015625,
0.18938055634498596,
0.39328834414482117,
0.6669666767120361,
0.32948386669158936,
-0.15019884705543518,
-0.5848580002784729,
-0.8115688562393188,
-0.5297995805740356,
0.2702735960483551,
-0.09544767439365387,
0.27733558416366577,
0.05683474242687225,
-0.26187801361083984,
-0.2833782434463501,
0.1612669974565506,
0.5070297718048096,
0.8942936062812805,
-0.14945761859416962,
-0.14862844347953796,
-0.0872715637087822,
-0.06098073720932007,
-0.2898840308189392,
-0.32814621925354004,
0.8784134984016418,
0.4678046405315399,
0.21813687682151794,
-0.41996222734451294,
-0.47357410192489624,
0.41924333572387695,
-0.5082410573959351,
-0.32861828804016113,
0.0927480012178421,
-0.7943506240844727,
-0.6123929619789124,
0.5639531016349792,
-0.07314217835664749,
0.2195315957069397,
-0.3680266737937927,
-0.42122361063957214,
-0.6373158693313599,
-0.0020447885617613792,
0.4929925203323364,
-0.3506195843219757,
-0.42280107736587524,
0.30336159467697144,
0.30071428418159485,
0.0975620374083519,
-0.3048039674758911,
0.62067711353302,
0.3120015263557434,
0.31357985734939575,
0.9754935503005981,
0.44493982195854187,
0.0028477609157562256,
-0.9862558841705322,
0.22292201220989227,
1.0629863739013672,
-0.38558781147003174,
0.6296076774597168,
0.1184564083814621,
-0.13418956100940704,
0.005977168679237366,
-0.7743271589279175,
-0.8064327239990234,
-0.8409750461578369,
0.763607382774353,
0.22212401032447815,
1.1977059841156006,
0.5632262825965881,
0.403572142124176,
0.4851973354816437,
0.9275051355361938,
-0.12283496558666229,
-0.13323892652988434,
-0.12234378606081009,
0.3604544401168823,
0.34647220373153687,
0.40749043226242065,
0.026475340127944946,
0.8547324538230896,
-0.2708604037761688,
0.1119280755519867,
-0.567886233329773,
0.23417240381240845,
-0.24146442115306854,
0.5398299694061279,
0.1534707397222519,
-0.4763771891593933,
0.10556735843420029,
-1.072289228439331,
-0.22837013006210327,
-0.3398612439632416,
-0.36411839723587036,
-0.012882731854915619,
-0.22474804520606995,
-0.493039608001709,
0.2689618170261383,
0.589591383934021,
-0.027477987110614777,
-0.16069598495960236,
-0.12940485775470734,
0.004645258188247681,
0.4587136507034302,
0.524981677532196,
-1.4002647399902344,
-0.010860297828912735,
0.34050819277763367,
-0.3331741988658905,
0.6033046841621399,
-0.5486496686935425,
-0.054445505142211914,
0.060446061193943024,
-0.071827232837677,
0.022291511297225952,
-0.0044860392808914185,
-0.13960601389408112,
0.017684604972600937,
0.22851404547691345,
-0.9265621900558472,
0.0010673850774765015,
-0.7805575132369995,
-0.028131257742643356,
0.33406126499176025,
0.009710848331451416,
0.6736704707145691,
0.639356255531311,
0.5588093400001526,
0.11183671653270721,
-0.6219032406806946,
0.5371724367141724,
-0.6976624727249146,
0.11938349902629852,
-0.1335989087820053,
-0.04518037289381027,
0.34194880723953247,
0.5423811078071594,
-0.13033521175384521,
0.6648085117340088,
0.7222640514373779,
0.10491722822189331,
-0.2697678208351135,
-0.5233957767486572,
-0.1485852599143982,
-0.49762293696403503,
-0.15627077221870422,
0.48736706376075745,
-0.3302527070045471,
0.12256880104541779,
0.4587201476097107,
-0.20892715454101562,
-0.3732052445411682,
-1.3519755601882935,
-0.06385955959558487,
0.0765528604388237,
-0.9013115763664246,
1.0848301649093628,
-0.007303282618522644,
0.05628334358334541,
0.0785178393125534,
-0.39322569966316223,
0.1658218801021576,
0.353316068649292,
-0.3220471739768982,
-0.20033857226371765,
0.4239065945148468,
-0.41325318813323975,
-0.8069238066673279,
0.3694228529930115,
-1.2785346508026123,
-0.3267548084259033,
0.8859587907791138,
-0.2680700421333313,
0.13327504694461823,
-0.4254116714000702,
-0.04361904039978981,
-0.07146990299224854,
-0.1629668027162552,
0.07073348760604858,
-0.20905521512031555,
0.8704689145088196,
-0.27389034628868103,
-0.5593068599700928,
0.019887268543243408,
0.5260443687438965,
-0.5254087448120117,
0.8952053785324097,
-0.15355581045150757,
0.5368127226829529,
-0.41297447681427,
-0.42966189980506897,
0.3911649286746979,
0.5172299146652222,
-0.24204763770103455,
0.23748156428337097,
0.020299378782510757,
-0.3964131474494934,
1.0231964588165283,
-1.0204579830169678,
0.2709907591342926,
-0.19183781743049622,
-0.14319662749767303,
0.3397068679332733,
-0.059995874762535095,
0.3171711266040802,
0.10558423399925232,
-0.6214146614074707,
-0.02343115210533142,
0.5788682699203491,
-0.06978349387645721,
0.5641525983810425,
-0.8439708948135376,
0.4118725061416626,
0.8838548064231873,
-0.11794939637184143,
0.6912076473236084,
-0.3664743900299072,
-0.7829515933990479,
-0.20281341671943665,
-1.0917880535125732,
0.5537416934967041,
-0.8787461519241333,
0.2667534351348877,
-0.1110922172665596,
0.6009952425956726,
-0.5347868800163269,
-0.28197744488716125,
0.19254431128501892,
0.09969516098499298,
-0.44954490661621094,
0.019407719373703003,
-0.06328120827674866,
-0.10331729054450989,
-0.28140920400619507,
0.13525347411632538,
0.026593782007694244,
-0.0202343612909317,
-0.3987430930137634,
-0.19169867038726807,
-0.6984995603561401,
0.6147463321685791,
-0.3530331552028656,
0.3740784525871277,
-0.21269051730632782,
-0.0720461755990982,
0.5719006061553955,
0.6931432485580444,
0.46964067220687866,
-0.8446055054664612,
0.21587435901165009,
0.6189976334571838,
0.18771740794181824,
0.4636673927307129,
-0.19958636164665222,
0.21044641733169556,
0.047178179025650024,
-0.16268512606620789,
-0.6448248624801636,
-0.12885510921478271,
-0.22083680331707,
-0.26615050435066223,
-0.11487102508544922,
-0.7714516520500183,
0.015272319316864014,
-0.22670724987983704,
0.4424133598804474,
0.014330849051475525,
-0.7431148290634155,
0.5752992630004883,
0.28715866804122925,
-0.49439430236816406,
0.5918220281600952,
0.5041654109954834
] |
why is there a correlation between positivity and geographical height in the english language? | for example saying things such as "*on top of the world*" vs "*down in the dumps*", or "*thumbs up*" vs "*thumbs down*". it seems so arbitrary. did one of the first civilizations just decide this is how it's going to be? or is there an actual scientific explanation? | linguistically, there's no good reason for it. i could wax philosophical about how we associate high things with power, success and happiness, but... well, it's actually a fairly recent thing. being on top of the world, down in the dumps, climbing to the top, being top notch— those came about recently. i couldn't tell you why we started to associate success and happiness with being elevated. but here's what i can tell you: in my research of height-related idioms, i found that most of the time, being on top came about as a way to say *not on the bottom*. which tells me that being on the bottom has been the big thing longer. i can't say why, but we tend to see castles built on hills with those at the bottom of the hill being the poorest. in theaters and colosseums, those at the bottom had to stand while the rich sat higher up. in fact, the "dumps" is a medieval english term that used to not be associated with being necessarily up or down, just a colloquial word for 'dejection'. at some point we started saying, "*down* in the dumps.", but not until at least the 19th century. the "thumbs up/down" thing comes from the old roman custom of the *pollice verso* which passed judgement on a defeated gladiator. one was not necessarily better than the other. in fact, it's believed that a thumbs down meant to kill the gladiator which (to the audience) was a *good* thing. a thumbs up often led to disappointment. so your scientific explanation? linguistically, it just stuck, we started to associate up=good and down=bad. anthropologically? who knows, although we see a lot of examples of the poor and suffering being on the bottom. psychologically? i'm not in any position to speculate. basically, the fact that being higher means being better is a recent development, certainly not an indication of other cultures, historical significance, or psychological bias. over time, we just started making that association. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.453768253326416,
2.189953088760376,
2.3419487476348877,
0.3635447323322296,
-1.4793760776519775,
-4.477360248565674,
1.4732258319854736,
2.140623092651367,
2.8502423763275146,
0.11237171292304993,
2.1912808418273926,
0.7600863575935364,
1.1890175342559814,
0.19594497978687286,
-1.1126654148101807,
0.8236769437789917,
0.36991262435913086,
-0.9032030701637268,
-4.416264057159424,
2.210047960281372,
-4.6089701652526855,
1.4468461275100708,
0.7940951585769653,
1.839552879333496,
1.329876184463501,
-0.28139060735702515,
-1.107033610343933,
0.07338964939117432,
-1.0239756107330322,
0.24202674627304077,
-3.300096273422241,
0.6662405133247375,
0.729945957660675,
-1.8599090576171875,
-3.165113925933838,
4.897609710693359,
1.6118663549423218,
3.548628091812134,
1.0275452136993408,
-2.4559295177459717,
-0.31121498346328735,
-2.3526687622070312,
-0.7699074745178223,
1.6948213577270508,
-3.384981393814087,
0.8551254272460938,
3.019402503967285,
-0.22905880212783813,
-2.66261625289917,
0.45877087116241455,
-0.56768399477005,
3.654344320297241,
-1.3162473440170288,
-0.8151260614395142,
-1.3875699043273926,
1.907090187072754,
1.9620774984359741,
0.18021906912326813,
-1.947127103805542,
0.5050057172775269,
-1.148184061050415,
-0.16775569319725037,
-3.829263210296631,
4.242280006408691,
6.024494647979736,
-1.1744005680084229,
-0.1842559278011322,
-0.5289047956466675,
-5.2881951332092285,
3.978938102722168,
6.3496222496032715,
-4.228668689727783,
0.8132822513580322,
-1.199354648590088,
0.22335335612297058,
-0.47097522020339966,
0.4274631142616272,
-1.1178547143936157,
0.41603273153305054,
-0.526396632194519,
3.660092353820801,
-0.6462544202804565,
-1.3995522260665894,
2.0582070350646973,
-3.266392230987549,
-1.2179131507873535,
0.4806976914405823,
1.4967026710510254,
1.7184514999389648,
-0.639080286026001,
-0.8669278025627136,
0.38923993706703186,
2.29744815826416,
1.9799655675888062,
1.9126758575439453,
-0.2959315776824951,
-2.007641077041626,
0.014903679490089417,
-1.553880214691162,
1.846056342124939,
-0.6539262533187866,
4.165855407714844,
-4.66438102722168,
-0.6834690570831299,
0.8504951596260071,
-5.14676570892334,
-0.9660927057266235,
-0.14798471331596375,
-1.0163607597351074,
-0.024313420057296753,
-2.752542734146118,
-2.3419528007507324,
0.8258568048477173,
-1.7352921962738037,
-1.1420892477035522,
-0.0255986750125885,
-1.3763879537582397,
-0.4352412223815918,
-0.7320740818977356,
-5.12109375,
2.390320301055908,
1.178366780281067,
0.006608491763472557,
0.9482169151306152,
-0.5460725426673889,
0.7826179265975952,
0.8533803224563599,
2.852184772491455,
1.7896405458450317,
0.07607579231262207,
1.9946479797363281,
-0.6061632037162781,
0.43932944536209106,
1.4153895378112793,
-3.955003261566162,
-1.540169358253479,
3.004699468612671,
-0.26658716797828674,
-0.8039652109146118,
2.638688087463379,
2.254361391067505,
1.965367317199707,
1.7586724758148193,
0.4215620160102844,
-2.6844804286956787,
1.8457311391830444,
0.4970138669013977,
-2.5685765743255615,
2.0051567554473877,
1.1728752851486206,
-1.2801668643951416,
-0.4113171696662903,
0.008256137371063232,
-0.2272580862045288,
-2.601062774658203,
-0.45442479848861694,
-1.2807552814483643,
-0.1565905511379242,
-0.5801233053207397,
2.2962465286254883,
0.5744692087173462,
-0.5736361742019653,
-0.2565186321735382,
1.2260245084762573,
1.5153728723526,
-1.602144718170166,
-1.909971833229065,
-3.0167109966278076,
1.7547826766967773,
0.8855489492416382,
-1.099052906036377,
0.8223552107810974,
1.8987500667572021,
-0.03731894493103027,
-1.7206454277038574,
-2.043839454650879,
-7.301100730895996,
3.337491035461426,
1.573796272277832,
1.6777708530426025,
2.950721263885498,
-0.827457845211029,
-0.9275172352790833,
1.3615822792053223,
-0.6519348621368408,
0.775154173374176,
-2.5167791843414307,
0.18595337867736816,
0.6329475045204163,
-0.4137905240058899,
-1.576338768005371,
-1.0709702968597412,
-0.5292753577232361,
2.7530159950256348,
0.18315768241882324,
2.771407127380371,
-0.18579503893852234,
0.7347598075866699,
-0.4209567904472351,
2.271212577819824,
-4.83050012588501,
-0.6714226007461548,
1.936020851135254,
-2.5373661518096924,
-0.8359609246253967,
-1.8949791193008423,
3.743915557861328,
-4.379456996917725,
-0.46489787101745605,
-0.15645688772201538,
-2.3889148235321045,
-2.8760385513305664,
2.1110849380493164,
2.236018419265747,
2.3686916828155518,
-0.0657472014427185,
-0.01244083046913147,
3.469350814819336,
-0.9255089163780212,
-0.08829492330551147,
-1.025884985923767,
-1.306260108947754,
-1.4595201015472412,
-5.913227558135986,
-2.2293457984924316,
-2.549880266189575,
-1.8186744451522827,
3.0361266136169434,
1.1433659791946411,
0.40418845415115356,
-0.6177670359611511,
0.14162671566009521,
-0.7149589657783508,
2.8250927925109863,
-2.9271304607391357,
-1.608031153678894,
3.1432013511657715,
0.06445187330245972,
0.12066906690597534,
-2.7586629390716553,
-2.0253500938415527,
0.0790749043226242,
-0.5624125003814697,
1.2674262523651123,
3.6402950286865234,
2.5113296508789062,
-1.8465746641159058,
-1.6473393440246582,
-1.8886222839355469,
2.3535497188568115,
-3.0638465881347656,
-0.1115645319223404,
-2.9149229526519775,
0.44917404651641846,
-1.6379038095474243,
0.9919268488883972,
-2.5273618698120117,
0.05566397309303284,
-0.09946228563785553,
4.16356897354126,
1.9645438194274902,
-2.5484507083892822,
-3.2245209217071533,
-2.8967387676239014,
-2.5233592987060547,
-0.25991523265838623,
1.9962676763534546,
2.212264060974121,
-1.0499248504638672,
-0.41800814867019653,
-2.7406165599823,
-0.1366240382194519,
1.133739709854126,
-2.6769847869873047,
-1.9211686849594116,
-0.47750207781791687,
0.6249197721481323,
1.9828245639801025,
-0.02091887593269348,
-1.1620736122131348,
1.2734483480453491,
-4.5020527839660645,
-1.623969554901123,
3.0245702266693115,
-0.2991492450237274,
-0.6790776252746582,
-0.8374670743942261,
-1.2033803462982178,
2.0684971809387207,
0.31773489713668823,
-0.9032618999481201,
3.992260456085205,
-1.7327922582626343,
0.7543392181396484,
3.029698371887207,
-2.8461854457855225,
-3.189182758331299,
-0.5645372867584229,
0.4843824803829193,
1.6085022687911987,
0.28053128719329834,
-0.2724052667617798,
-1.8263269662857056,
-1.6538718938827515,
0.3803386986255646,
-2.757636308670044,
2.993375539779663,
-1.18130362033844,
-1.5406293869018555,
0.610960066318512,
-1.4221203327178955,
-0.7558695077896118,
0.25572672486305237,
1.698093056678772,
0.7143288850784302,
-1.668804407119751,
-1.0455894470214844,
1.2216922044754028,
-1.7506474256515503,
0.6800938844680786,
1.487365961074829,
2.5624608993530273,
-1.273107886314392,
3.7669224739074707,
1.070369839668274,
0.7222321033477783,
2.9513731002807617,
3.5118322372436523,
-2.398606538772583,
-1.1230534315109253,
-2.727107524871826,
0.9234112501144409,
-0.7273688316345215,
1.144001841545105,
4.336217880249023,
3.1095924377441406,
-0.5000206232070923,
-0.18086156249046326,
-3.0050113201141357,
1.7737221717834473,
2.3576226234436035,
2.473824977874756,
2.1862597465515137,
-0.7950479984283447,
-1.0132938623428345,
1.6569679975509644,
-0.586266040802002,
1.9527140855789185,
-1.3201706409454346,
1.195523977279663,
0.38997912406921387,
4.27837610244751,
0.6310370564460754,
-2.128509759902954,
2.411811351776123,
-0.41877415776252747,
0.5761018395423889,
1.683917760848999,
3.181433916091919,
-3.442427158355713,
1.019151210784912,
-0.16210141777992249,
0.9403059482574463,
7.750357151031494,
-1.057056188583374,
4.182053565979004,
-3.5435497760772705,
4.078641891479492,
-1.3418841361999512,
-1.5641686916351318,
1.1671419143676758,
2.1699862480163574,
1.3816001415252686,
-2.3024685382843018,
0.35085707902908325,
-1.9146648645401,
0.05196294188499451,
1.3062649965286255,
-4.264150619506836,
0.4395177960395813,
5.580066680908203,
0.1700083613395691,
2.286679983139038,
1.7262005805969238
] |
other than the stress from bending the metal, would there be a difference between a paperclip folded from a straight piece of metal and a paperclip from a mold? | metals can be formed by many different process. paper clip is made by plastic deformation of extruded wire or drawn wire. the grain structure is different compared to say, forged paper clip (hypothetical). to answer your question, yes, there will be a drastic difference in bending stress, and strain values between the paperclips manufactured using different methods. this difference is due to the grain structures. the grain structures can be altered by heat treatment process after the initial manufacturing process. in general, cast parts have larger grains at the center if they are cooled slowly. forged parts have smaller grains. extrusion, drawing processes have grain oriented in a certain direction. some of the heat treatment processes are, quenching, annealing, tempering, hardening etc.. hope this helps.. cheers | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.511223793029785,
0.926838755607605,
0.5280946493148804,
0.11724447458982468,
-0.8105533123016357,
-1.810860276222229,
-0.5778565406799316,
0.02426818013191223,
-0.9212403893470764,
-0.409699946641922,
-0.21598684787750244,
-0.19482555985450745,
-0.8125223517417908,
-1.1605854034423828,
-0.12692221999168396,
0.018170945346355438,
-1.6135001182556152,
0.6378545761108398,
-1.4198310375213623,
1.2664473056793213,
0.6913164854049683,
0.018838435411453247,
-0.5238701701164246,
-0.8714311122894287,
0.13652940094470978,
1.5550956726074219,
0.45517051219940186,
0.38169604539871216,
1.5488213300704956,
-1.7458007335662842,
-1.517024278640747,
1.3454985618591309,
-1.4132716655731201,
0.19294415414333344,
1.3791477680206299,
1.4831162691116333,
-0.8145902156829834,
0.2850654721260071,
-0.20050452649593353,
0.2266702950000763,
-0.5291584134101868,
-0.48053014278411865,
0.007736831903457642,
0.07529687881469727,
1.3689157962799072,
1.4306883811950684,
1.9179701805114746,
-0.41117510199546814,
-1.0987024307250977,
-0.3823351562023163,
-0.8885579705238342,
-0.19127905368804932,
-0.11754606664180756,
-0.7304195761680603,
-1.3954848051071167,
0.0326509028673172,
1.678720474243164,
0.05740600824356079,
0.33317214250564575,
-0.04461926221847534,
0.5193020105361938,
1.267624855041504,
-1.1892750263214111,
1.4340417385101318,
3.3484675884246826,
-0.7176940441131592,
0.0950470119714737,
0.4614190459251404,
-1.2560741901397705,
0.8549947738647461,
1.7735944986343384,
-0.8701106309890747,
-0.13823896646499634,
0.07040280103683472,
2.179656744003296,
0.34109967947006226,
-0.9054148197174072,
-0.4940010607242584,
0.021763324737548828,
-1.204041838645935,
-1.3487247228622437,
-0.6255161166191101,
0.2158248871564865,
-0.12328693270683289,
-0.9767177700996399,
0.8088095188140869,
2.7979161739349365,
-0.11262401193380356,
0.8481608629226685,
0.7698554396629333,
1.3300015926361084,
2.125779867172241,
-0.8771324157714844,
2.231654644012451,
0.997357964515686,
1.5148580074310303,
-0.2418745756149292,
-0.1338968127965927,
0.364208459854126,
-0.6717056035995483,
-0.0867362916469574,
-0.5407953858375549,
-1.1421279907226562,
0.028411388397216797,
-1.42835533618927,
-1.107332706451416,
-0.1964384913444519,
0.4589990973472595,
-0.5158249735832214,
-0.9576091766357422,
0.9740658402442932,
1.1974316835403442,
-1.317875623703003,
-1.51577627658844,
-0.15218202769756317,
-2.698962450027466,
1.16624116897583,
-2.5642762184143066,
-1.1440411806106567,
-0.993709921836853,
0.21482476592063904,
-0.584156334400177,
-1.6182514429092407,
0.007190242409706116,
-0.6522414088249207,
-0.8686379790306091,
-0.583385705947876,
1.9125453233718872,
-0.38664644956588745,
-0.217351496219635,
0.10577365010976791,
-0.5923009514808655,
2.0849056243896484,
-0.6089128851890564,
-0.44180959463119507,
-1.1290217638015747,
-0.094132199883461,
-0.7325097322463989,
0.43643152713775635,
0.4647652804851532,
-1.18798828125,
1.2084879875183105,
0.39335644245147705,
-1.149322748184204,
1.698704481124878,
-0.33068662881851196,
-1.5371997356414795,
-1.1099278926849365,
-1.5541682243347168,
0.9233840703964233,
0.4916937053203583,
-0.8603482842445374,
-0.7564948201179504,
-0.11440849304199219,
1.525902271270752,
-2.050699234008789,
-2.55033540725708,
0.6576746702194214,
0.7195718288421631,
0.17266370356082916,
-1.4382761716842651,
1.7818995714187622,
-1.4749836921691895,
1.8178796768188477,
0.7352753281593323,
-1.1268216371536255,
0.14846624433994293,
-1.0601264238357544,
0.23273567855358124,
0.2602739930152893,
2.137446641921997,
0.17280521988868713,
0.9868330955505371,
0.20638757944107056,
-0.6966939568519592,
1.241231918334961,
-3.2269582748413086,
0.19424664974212646,
0.7634504437446594,
3.34965443611145,
3.6537883281707764,
1.150604009628296,
2.541245460510254,
1.090532898902893,
0.42822402715682983,
-1.7161173820495605,
1.0991055965423584,
0.6067578196525574,
-1.5708669424057007,
1.5812243223190308,
-0.35682326555252075,
1.4303656816482544,
-1.0770231485366821,
0.7339760661125183,
-0.5042184591293335,
0.6840867400169373,
0.5270389318466187,
-2.0406675338745117,
-2.2806198596954346,
-0.6216645240783691,
-0.01796054095029831,
1.5874114036560059,
-1.9455046653747559,
-1.0316710472106934,
-1.2250313758850098,
-0.5517497658729553,
0.45892083644866943,
-1.0402681827545166,
-1.24012291431427,
2.004737377166748,
-0.8765851259231567,
-3.393495798110962,
-1.533689260482788,
-0.06721730530261993,
0.575644850730896,
0.04634426534175873,
1.9341504573822021,
0.7509567737579346,
-1.3897042274475098,
-0.549523115158081,
0.5915482044219971,
-0.6085142493247986,
0.5524845123291016,
-1.6214543581008911,
-0.04051523655653,
-0.9874956607818604,
0.18734490871429443,
2.7193620204925537,
-0.5019214749336243,
-0.633090078830719,
-0.44627565145492554,
0.48767220973968506,
1.3745718002319336,
0.6755472421646118,
0.6322733163833618,
-1.3628416061401367,
-1.4746177196502686,
-0.9543576836585999,
-0.895010232925415,
-0.37445536255836487,
-1.7505052089691162,
0.8396772146224976,
0.5275776386260986,
-0.1418105959892273,
0.24939356744289398,
0.9928528666496277,
0.2417411208152771,
1.9258503913879395,
-0.05095916986465454,
-0.8120129108428955,
-3.2959847450256348,
-0.14387476444244385,
0.11640676856040955,
1.3177953958511353,
-0.8216992020606995,
-1.4468451738357544,
-0.8036885261535645,
-0.9004899263381958,
-0.6925486326217651,
0.10994936525821686,
2.6555540561676025,
0.4018159806728363,
0.45122069120407104,
-1.347952961921692,
2.1381852626800537,
0.5331736207008362,
0.5195876955986023,
1.1366908550262451,
-2.3561160564422607,
0.23949769139289856,
0.9120814204216003,
-1.5711301565170288,
-0.21898198127746582,
0.8985661268234253,
3.0101873874664307,
0.3524148464202881,
0.3924736976623535,
-1.1789262294769287,
-0.9873329997062683,
-0.21586309373378754,
-0.13939280807971954,
-1.8064936399459839,
-2.7780933380126953,
3.7519729137420654,
0.4277561902999878,
0.3535463213920593,
1.0390212535858154,
-2.4503087997436523,
1.1190022230148315,
-1.2835617065429688,
-0.008310675621032715,
-0.8617390394210815,
1.019940972328186,
-0.3792315125465393,
1.620513677597046,
1.55105459690094,
0.9764578342437744,
0.7461584806442261,
1.4435687065124512,
-1.419711947441101,
0.23160886764526367,
-1.0434764623641968,
-1.374376654624939,
-0.2849113345146179,
0.19180947542190552,
-0.4155951738357544,
0.31011682748794556,
2.769243001937866,
0.8579482436180115,
-0.7190737724304199,
-0.3279734253883362,
0.5878178477287292,
-0.46892714500427246,
-0.13883177936077118,
-0.08545810729265213,
-0.08708402514457703,
1.9165220260620117,
2.2583961486816406,
0.6769868731498718,
0.6723372340202332,
-0.39402419328689575,
-0.29697030782699585,
0.006714537739753723,
-0.2682408094406128,
-1.3682823181152344,
1.6844162940979004,
0.7281448245048523,
-0.48029062151908875,
0.05333942174911499,
-1.3649048805236816,
-0.2026248276233673,
0.7358886003494263,
-0.2815695106983185,
0.8777969479560852,
-0.6311038136482239,
0.18167588114738464,
-0.6813887357711792,
0.6164914965629578,
-1.969054937362671,
-1.4500445127487183,
-1.116763949394226,
0.6289439797401428,
1.575742483139038,
1.320500373840332,
0.07011833786964417,
-0.5601320862770081,
-0.2520638108253479,
0.9173774123191833,
-0.7502627372741699,
0.9598305821418762,
-0.5089060068130493,
1.8111274242401123,
1.32442045211792,
-0.03464198112487793,
1.614991545677185,
-0.9057307243347168,
-1.1535775661468506,
0.18692585825920105,
0.8238629698753357,
0.0375695526599884,
-2.716245651245117,
-0.9393070936203003,
0.506473183631897,
0.8765195608139038,
-0.12294270098209381,
0.19196464121341705,
-1.5995211601257324,
1.7653430700302124,
-1.1068893671035767,
0.5436772108078003,
1.9988864660263062,
1.3770873546600342,
1.381903052330017,
-0.5228706002235413,
0.23977559804916382,
-0.9299874305725098,
0.47743356227874756,
2.3932251930236816,
1.1834427118301392,
0.2086726874113083,
-0.5463882684707642,
-1.472768783569336,
2.8991281986236572,
0.8748693466186523
] |
|
what causes the unruh effect? | why does an accelerating observer observe more particles and higher temperatures? | because the accelerating and inertial observer can "see" different portions of spacetime (the accelerating observer sees only a wedge of spacetime bounded by a rindler horizon). therefore they are not bound to agree on what the state of minimum energy (the ground aka the vacuum) is, because inertial dude has access to a larger system. the inertial vacuum is not the vacuum for the accelerating observer. in fact, since he has partial information, it won't be a pure state (state of maximal information) but a mixed state. seeing that for the latter observer the state is at thermal equilibrium at the unruh temperature is a bit trickier and i don't think can be done without math. there's many derivations you can find online; my favourite passes through imaginary time. it's not the simplest but it's very beautiful. i'll write it down just for fun, and see if you get anything out of it. the metric according to the acc dude is rindler: \- a^(2)ρ^(2)dη^2 + ρ^2 dр^2 we switch to imaginary time because reasons. we set η = iτ. so a^(2) ρ^2 dτ^2 + dр^2 but this is the metric for the flat euclidean plane dρ^2 + ρ^2 dθ^2 with θ = a τ provided θ is periodic with period 2π (or you have a conical singularity). so imaginary time τ is periodic of period 2π/a. but the period of imaginary time is equal to the temperature of the state, in natural units. so we recover the result of unruh: t = a/2π | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.8896112442016602,
-0.07193724811077118,
1.740617275238037,
1.2548129558563232,
-1.732391357421875,
-1.0501985549926758,
0.6520537734031677,
-0.36451026797294617,
5.044787406921387,
-1.687538504600525,
2.13004994392395,
-2.515415906906128,
0.23581600189208984,
0.5899940133094788,
0.5443275570869446,
-2.22409725189209,
-1.3791170120239258,
0.0790795087814331,
-2.5316836833953857,
0.31354832649230957,
3.8928627967834473,
-1.5424010753631592,
-1.1811811923980713,
-0.3818700909614563,
0.4619689881801605,
0.7755604982376099,
0.8978665471076965,
0.19912120699882507,
1.774985432624817,
1.1807290315628052,
-0.09520453214645386,
-0.19072225689888,
-0.3657274842262268,
-0.8100937604904175,
-0.23645859956741333,
1.8245539665222168,
1.623364806175232,
1.3567836284637451,
0.3013610243797302,
0.5203320980072021,
0.8196392059326172,
-0.20256155729293823,
3.1543242931365967,
1.4539035558700562,
0.983680784702301,
3.552501916885376,
1.5326051712036133,
0.3229179084300995,
-1.32584547996521,
-0.8506273031234741,
-2.1206789016723633,
2.2854347229003906,
-0.31550145149230957,
-1.8689677715301514,
-1.1137080192565918,
1.5598863363265991,
2.076732873916626,
-0.5356982946395874,
1.3159711360931396,
-3.084137201309204,
0.816319465637207,
0.8011670708656311,
-1.6506893634796143,
1.3801889419555664,
3.8953630924224854,
0.33368760347366333,
-0.8593600392341614,
-2.0408384799957275,
-2.6655914783477783,
1.2521188259124756,
-0.13339242339134216,
0.928871750831604,
-2.1987760066986084,
-0.06417329609394073,
1.8032433986663818,
-2.728724718093872,
0.11223313212394714,
2.8325042724609375,
-0.3092869520187378,
1.2114925384521484,
3.4872748851776123,
-2.508607864379883,
-0.586601197719574,
-0.030077829957008362,
-2.443765163421631,
0.2626229226589203,
2.6327664852142334,
1.178982138633728,
2.9388322830200195,
-2.2742013931274414,
-0.09845148772001266,
-2.1238956451416016,
-1.798480749130249,
0.2667657136917114,
-0.2892891764640808,
0.6854362487792969,
0.19444763660430908,
0.8755490183830261,
1.4658970832824707,
0.10530662536621094,
-2.0180344581604004,
1.927987813949585,
-4.75715970993042,
2.8174870014190674,
-1.0213263034820557,
-1.224808931350708,
-0.6200389266014099,
-0.3980332612991333,
0.913123369216919,
1.5756900310516357,
-0.01813521981239319,
-3.297076940536499,
3.01047420501709,
0.3794849216938019,
0.6022064089775085,
-2.066089630126953,
0.7372097373008728,
1.8394907712936401,
0.8219385743141174,
-1.1951181888580322,
-2.0532405376434326,
-0.453105092048645,
0.6964896321296692,
1.6852400302886963,
0.6513389945030212,
0.6048682928085327,
1.985442876815796,
1.7939040660858154,
-0.6089369058609009,
-1.0485649108886719,
3.1693456172943115,
-3.26800799369812,
-1.6285549402236938,
0.6637507081031799,
-0.9916857481002808,
-1.7501055002212524,
3.196491241455078,
-0.23077517747879028,
-0.8412576913833618,
3.140587329864502,
-0.27928614616394043,
1.1223217248916626,
-0.4494665563106537,
-0.6786746382713318,
3.086416244506836,
1.6765871047973633,
1.3645308017730713,
-0.48487865924835205,
0.6611264944076538,
0.3292542099952698,
-1.339714765548706,
-1.2650023698806763,
0.3527962565422058,
-1.775925874710083,
0.11122218519449234,
0.5694936513900757,
-1.1329216957092285,
0.26221704483032227,
-2.4989609718322754,
1.6679437160491943,
-1.799445390701294,
2.1468071937561035,
1.4427961111068726,
-0.21357256174087524,
0.9357078075408936,
1.6009855270385742,
-0.17327888309955597,
-2.1671786308288574,
0.5269708037376404,
0.5588922500610352,
1.51959228515625,
-1.4081679582595825,
0.19447843730449677,
-0.0525113046169281,
1.5166722536087036,
-1.230029582977295,
-2.431669235229492,
0.6082227230072021,
-0.7602899074554443,
1.705486536026001,
-0.059648290276527405,
-2.676619529724121,
3.515613317489624,
0.7189891934394836,
0.7819761037826538,
0.5746127963066101,
0.5030540227890015,
1.581411361694336,
-2.5058388710021973,
1.435416579246521,
1.9489413499832153,
-2.563188076019287,
-1.05776047706604,
1.8915642499923706,
-2.9137701988220215,
-0.9993303418159485,
1.6628637313842773,
0.5960339903831482,
-1.1580018997192383,
-0.029580384492874146,
-0.5486606359481812,
-0.7241997122764587,
2.8969664573669434,
-2.3662796020507812,
1.1657817363739014,
-1.088517665863037,
0.33711689710617065,
-1.1125071048736572,
-4.774201393127441,
1.2254856824874878,
0.44258350133895874,
-3.464808940887451,
-0.5081790685653687,
-1.1106033325195312,
0.04615877941250801,
2.223606586456299,
-0.9926429986953735,
-4.049468040466309,
-2.6113545894622803,
0.10679787397384644,
0.48399850726127625,
1.3275424242019653,
-1.2968553304672241,
-2.1669692993164062,
-1.1513632535934448,
-3.7880699634552,
-2.1822943687438965,
1.0880701541900635,
-0.34866803884506226,
0.16081273555755615,
0.6512089967727661,
0.22602605819702148,
0.9796019196510315,
1.909860610961914,
0.6680806875228882,
-1.5002487897872925,
-0.8048142194747925,
0.8499736189842224,
0.5207352638244629,
-1.4443780183792114,
-0.7240520119667053,
-0.558802604675293,
-1.2609527111053467,
1.0144984722137451,
-0.4355369508266449,
-0.8337564468383789,
-0.07160769402980804,
-1.5885149240493774,
-0.06847982853651047,
2.1240792274475098,
-0.2938809394836426,
-0.2002832293510437,
-3.7264790534973145,
0.9510040283203125,
-1.2312687635421753,
-1.7090736627578735,
-1.1874467134475708,
-0.9724047780036926,
-2.9607224464416504,
-0.4602048993110657,
1.1009814739227295,
-0.4623919129371643,
-3.6267004013061523,
-1.1759294271469116,
0.9628995060920715,
2.196071147918701,
1.5769965648651123,
1.3950161933898926,
0.4684253931045532,
0.06466174125671387,
1.5610313415527344,
-1.649159550666809,
-0.3476424813270569,
-1.6380037069320679,
0.5377238988876343,
-1.9180623292922974,
2.2545883655548096,
0.1533944308757782,
-3.1322715282440186,
-0.38661879301071167,
-1.3421077728271484,
-0.7083545923233032,
0.5257415175437927,
-0.6124542951583862,
-0.07697604596614838,
-2.0452699661254883,
0.9768089056015015,
0.7090102434158325,
1.2947927713394165,
-1.3571503162384033,
-1.4248946905136108,
2.5538651943206787,
1.4916410446166992,
-0.4150694012641907,
1.3927267789840698,
-0.0468740239739418,
-2.426525354385376,
0.05438457429409027,
2.3818418979644775,
0.5136100649833679,
2.7847142219543457,
0.3175773024559021,
-2.0039687156677246,
-0.7426971197128296,
-1.1999341249465942,
1.1611709594726562,
1.4743365049362183,
0.046834856271743774,
0.8742362260818481,
-1.1651029586791992,
-0.019835442304611206,
-1.4706069231033325,
0.949165940284729,
3.4319956302642822,
-1.5468641519546509,
3.5695080757141113,
0.12698689103126526,
1.881789207458496,
1.1003026962280273,
1.0455067157745361,
-0.285982608795166,
-0.8010035753250122,
-0.8422329425811768,
-1.529619574546814,
0.20642690360546112,
-1.4191267490386963,
0.41085538268089294,
-3.1142148971557617,
-1.7431206703186035,
-0.37184733152389526,
-0.3139994144439697,
0.0784187912940979,
0.4513136148452759,
0.043570518493652344,
2.3613953590393066,
1.6296477317810059,
0.3560961186885834,
-1.1415470838546753,
-2.559025764465332,
2.0728237628936768,
-0.015691488981246948,
-0.11249746382236481,
0.5758292078971863,
0.1554020345211029,
2.023434638977051,
1.2077038288116455,
-1.7205182313919067,
-0.143942728638649,
-2.4636309146881104,
1.4061329364776611,
-1.181700587272644,
2.191952705383301,
1.6545015573501587,
0.5128470659255981,
-0.6310828924179077,
-1.0697379112243652,
-0.29289084672927856,
2.4373035430908203,
0.01262614130973816,
-0.9190174341201782,
0.1552678793668747,
-0.03395245224237442,
-1.7023051977157593,
4.277492046356201,
0.8093178272247314,
1.6815282106399536,
-1.0971652269363403,
-2.3800950050354004,
-1.5444719791412354,
1.3028520345687866,
-0.3657991886138916,
2.826089859008789,
0.5876545906066895,
-0.7015199661254883,
2.511126756668091,
-2.019747495651245,
-1.6908471584320068,
0.9146748781204224,
-4.004520416259766,
-0.12470725178718567,
0.7990705966949463,
1.8544158935546875,
-0.04617711901664734,
-0.15449899435043335
] |
does bioaccumulation occur in humans? | i've heard that in many environments tertiary consumers will accumulate lots of contaminants(mercury,copper, etc.) because of them needing to consume through other species, 1000's of plants which are only slightly contaminated resulting in the accumulation of contaminants in their bodies. do humans have this this same problem?am i at risk of being contaminated by lead or mercury? | yes. the are limits put on certain fish, namely tuna and swordfish, due to methylmercury contamination. pcbs, dioxins, a lot of contamination will build up in your body. in the end, we're no different than any other animal in the planet. | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.33006107807159424,
-0.01865733228623867,
0.12689363956451416,
0.13022054731845856,
0.663536012172699,
-0.5950004458427429,
-0.015364855527877808,
0.2101467102766037,
0.007714077830314636,
-0.257942259311676,
0.10285064578056335,
-0.42457807064056396,
0.25914183259010315,
0.22198915481567383,
-0.2616608142852783,
-0.2392643392086029,
0.026861757040023804,
-0.6860514879226685,
-0.6347384452819824,
0.1811782419681549,
-0.8597903251647949,
0.6496292948722839,
-0.23701786994934082,
-0.21028366684913635,
-0.5914667844772339,
-0.06062886118888855,
-0.36476290225982666,
-0.22470498085021973,
-0.5462784767150879,
0.025356709957122803,
-0.09730179607868195,
0.402484267950058,
-0.19493158161640167,
-0.3035982847213745,
0.5063775181770325,
-0.2820540964603424,
0.30076080560684204,
-0.30845606327056885,
-0.23413003981113434,
-0.08866889774799347,
-0.13822323083877563,
0.1139049082994461,
-0.5131369829177856,
0.7161921858787537,
-0.2610771656036377,
-0.04432409256696701,
0.12528494000434875,
-0.6407907009124756,
-0.07356575131416321,
-0.25883227586746216,
-0.1685064435005188,
0.4248303771018982,
-0.6438136100769043,
0.24486489593982697,
0.025018960237503052,
-0.734782874584198,
-0.18329861760139465,
-0.26039919257164,
-0.6766888499259949,
-0.5575098991394043,
0.03930940479040146,
-0.31219202280044556,
0.4934096336364746,
0.33994579315185547,
0.9030769467353821,
-0.23616977035999298,
0.05183303356170654,
0.8830587863922119,
-0.2777720093727112,
0.7751506567001343,
0.043844565749168396,
0.008763362653553486,
-0.030217766761779785,
-0.05868878215551376,
0.18686231970787048,
0.3473116159439087,
0.19572776556015015,
-0.46185243129730225,
0.4286527633666992,
-0.004094123840332031,
-0.9090144038200378,
-0.167167529463768,
0.12008450925350189,
-0.12929846346378326,
0.08890759944915771,
0.388435423374176,
-0.2999747693538666,
-0.0032669492065906525,
-0.5458272695541382,
0.7051399350166321,
0.09975636005401611,
-0.3042197823524475,
1.168503999710083,
-0.4172372817993164,
-0.82747483253479,
0.6124194264411926,
-0.23144666850566864,
-0.3695394992828369,
0.1008499413728714,
-0.28140515089035034,
-0.22070467472076416,
-0.3707311749458313,
-0.8485867381095886,
-0.06762149184942245,
0.37863361835479736,
-0.19287316501140594,
-0.18271717429161072,
0.5751917958259583,
0.03666822612285614,
0.07009682059288025,
-0.06861041486263275,
0.03804786875844002,
0.018304407596588135,
-0.23613162338733673,
0.18844856321811676,
0.10149575024843216,
0.069025918841362,
-0.05215350165963173,
-0.5650942325592041,
-0.9197709560394287,
-0.31141531467437744,
-0.0017642434686422348,
0.40097737312316895,
-0.11550132930278778,
0.6185396313667297,
-0.0905265137553215,
-0.4416000545024872,
0.3750104308128357,
-0.09784332662820816,
-0.7669264674186707,
0.6008788347244263,
-0.5591451525688171,
0.5715075135231018,
0.1904422640800476,
-0.159219890832901,
-0.13752338290214539,
0.31316810846328735,
-0.19641681015491486,
-0.30794891715049744,
0.44773516058921814,
0.31651338934898376,
-0.16363969445228577,
0.7566177248954773,
0.2286394238471985,
-0.31017452478408813,
0.7081224322319031,
0.6606286764144897,
-0.13647431135177612,
0.06617311388254166,
-0.4330129027366638,
-0.060185909271240234,
0.16060252487659454,
0.2268807590007782,
0.08051890134811401,
-0.6272622346878052,
0.1835334300994873,
0.05549544095993042,
0.08677887916564941,
0.013852953910827637,
0.16356763243675232,
-0.4559098780155182,
0.5287559032440186,
-0.6194843053817749,
0.6894360780715942,
-0.41607993841171265,
0.2699134945869446,
-0.20254039764404297,
0.20646315813064575,
0.4620332419872284,
-0.23873142898082733,
0.5543156266212463,
0.19905738532543182,
0.5264614820480347,
-0.8786665797233582,
-0.24990440905094147,
-0.06808828562498093,
-1.2462286949157715,
-0.0521068274974823,
-0.08459500968456268,
0.22316628694534302,
0.1738594025373459,
-0.01898384839296341,
-0.5832926630973816,
0.166208416223526,
0.17251983284950256,
-0.658486008644104,
-0.6349409818649292,
0.1367700845003128,
-0.6896525025367737,
0.0443245954811573,
-0.09318272769451141,
0.03273337706923485,
0.5925403237342834,
0.2315024435520172,
-0.020989689975976944,
-0.22253549098968506,
-0.43247556686401367,
0.5602036118507385,
-0.29763683676719666,
-0.5510562658309937,
0.20781338214874268,
-0.039935868233442307,
0.3513849675655365,
0.0494040921330452,
-0.11563009023666382,
-0.7077386975288391,
0.35409015417099,
0.046533599495887756,
-0.5291328430175781,
0.7321511507034302,
-0.36722302436828613,
0.2545448839664459,
-0.5345097184181213,
0.1099189817905426,
0.49633532762527466,
0.24223670363426208,
0.280645489692688,
-0.01923401653766632,
0.44455528259277344,
-0.1830400824546814,
0.43514102697372437,
-0.9747518301010132,
-0.18834541738033295,
-0.5268898010253906,
0.11257605254650116,
-0.185756653547287,
0.05239640548825264,
-0.11949796229600906,
-0.07078168541193008,
0.29912829399108887,
0.22469303011894226,
0.5534247756004333,
-0.11476403474807739,
-0.6558921337127686,
0.2187444269657135,
0.4432986378669739,
0.5466616153717041,
-0.09300678968429565,
-0.6223245859146118,
0.5377699732780457,
-0.4601926803588867,
0.644334614276886,
-0.3895746171474457,
-0.7989720106124878,
-0.7383266687393188,
0.36149007081985474,
0.19072552025318146,
0.6580612659454346,
-0.1282043755054474,
0.27419644594192505,
-0.5748662352561951,
-0.40890467166900635,
0.8741976022720337,
0.07222262769937515,
0.0955360159277916,
0.35689929127693176,
0.1799359768629074,
-0.26855000853538513,
-0.36878177523612976,
0.2570081055164337,
0.38903117179870605,
-0.6746560335159302,
-0.2124498188495636,
-0.3495745360851288,
-0.2323177456855774,
-0.3882684111595154,
-0.005009174346923828,
0.9293308258056641,
0.01839567720890045,
0.04333816468715668,
-0.1540842354297638,
0.20920489728450775,
0.3450808525085449,
-0.10497754067182541,
0.5588593482971191,
-0.10789819806814194,
0.2170066237449646,
-0.12646035850048065,
0.15245607495307922,
0.4813675880432129,
0.3216177821159363,
-0.24464672803878784,
0.07433394342660904,
0.34341269731521606,
0.49311915040016174,
-0.20619727671146393,
-0.3330432176589966,
0.0858355313539505,
0.20898646116256714,
0.06487423181533813,
0.396770179271698,
1.1318892240524292,
0.4818875789642334,
-0.4688323140144348,
0.5818649530410767,
0.3242371380329132,
-0.20467330515384674,
0.21202725172042847,
0.03585903346538544,
-0.09570387750864029,
-0.22722378373146057,
-0.03828093409538269,
0.17310911417007446,
0.487454354763031,
0.07462964951992035,
0.1932583451271057,
0.2028854787349701,
0.7051898837089539,
0.39646655321121216,
-1.1834070682525635,
0.09690582752227783,
-0.009403818286955357,
0.12566381692886353,
-0.3005979061126709,
-0.2327648103237152,
-0.5705894231796265,
-0.7422398328781128,
0.5012879371643066,
0.2499486804008484,
0.2615039050579071,
0.36224445700645447,
0.008010633289813995,
0.09604926407337189,
0.64084392786026,
-0.07260707765817642,
0.6767611503601074,
0.25085586309432983,
0.08867652714252472,
0.05100877583026886,
-0.13084368407726288,
0.1900075525045395,
0.7223493456840515,
-0.010724574327468872,
0.07991424202919006,
-0.21095609664916992,
0.8691911101341248,
0.23121407628059387,
-0.5622770190238953,
-0.14864519238471985,
0.10781432688236237,
-0.5548740029335022,
0.42938461899757385,
0.05000327527523041,
0.06381770223379135,
0.02964387834072113,
0.0020599365234375,
-0.11318159848451614,
0.36294203996658325,
0.36915895342826843,
-0.07735549658536911,
0.021567627787590027,
-0.3646894693374634,
-0.36909106373786926,
0.23004767298698425,
0.8462886810302734,
-0.8142231702804565,
-0.8750444650650024,
-0.11256691813468933,
0.23351909220218658,
-0.45435237884521484,
-0.2896004915237427,
-0.30197253823280334,
-0.1745952069759369,
0.38295939564704895,
-0.2944946587085724,
-0.034387920051813126,
-0.43259721994400024,
0.2675706744194031,
0.0769706666469574,
-0.2095971405506134,
0.34048908948898315,
0.3087168335914612,
0.5670557022094727,
-0.8358702659606934,
-0.5381979942321777,
0.3005501627922058,
0.03669186681509018,
0.27565309405326843,
-0.2729831337928772,
0.37380343675613403,
0.13261526823043823,
-0.07372759282588959,
1.1222295761108398,
-0.22532598674297333
] |
have there been studies of chemical bioaccumulation in humans? | i'm aware of bioaccumulation studies in animals, but not in humans. this is almost a forensic medicine question. is mercury bioaccumulation a fingerprint of people who eat lots of fish, for example? what other chemicals are humans bioaccumulating? although humans eat more varied food sources, are there still certain food sources that leave distinct chemical fingerprints? | yeah there’s been a lot done by exposure assessment researchers, but it’s hard work since you sometimes need to log everything a huge group of people ate or came into contact with, or rely on highly variable measurements for certain outcomes. it’s an important question since a lot of our models to try to predict steady state concentrations of a toxicant over time are subject to variability when the dose we receive isn’t perfectly intermittent. i’d look into dioxin bioaccumulation. it’s a really scary toxicant and the elimination time in humans can be several years if i remember correctly. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/143/6/923/4571735",
"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/009841001455490",
"http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25573/25573.pdf",
"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-008-1066-0",
"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004896979290249R",
"http://rem-main.rem.sfu.ca/papers/gobas/PBDEs%20in%20food-chains.pdf"
] | [
-0.38120490312576294,
-0.22235655784606934,
0.6125034093856812,
0.22131724655628204,
0.7669773101806641,
-0.37265485525131226,
0.179743230342865,
1.0190215110778809,
0.8787449598312378,
-0.24114425480365753,
0.4627484083175659,
0.36349570751190186,
0.09056968241930008,
0.050184398889541626,
-1.3922498226165771,
-0.876762866973877,
0.3084026277065277,
-0.6296725273132324,
-1.0138685703277588,
0.5097476840019226,
-0.48692741990089417,
0.3865952491760254,
0.4589967727661133,
-0.132483571767807,
-0.1594262421131134,
0.19216197729110718,
0.023777663707733154,
-0.45270729064941406,
-0.47589975595474243,
0.4559813439846039,
-0.7452243566513062,
0.6091041564941406,
-0.2884479761123657,
-0.6841374635696411,
-0.4831617474555969,
-0.2460833489894867,
-0.07206960022449493,
-0.06977157294750214,
-0.1401650309562683,
-0.4262745678424835,
0.22236894071102142,
0.8791954517364502,
-0.27794167399406433,
0.7350549101829529,
0.07592500746250153,
0.3883459270000458,
-0.5502870082855225,
-1.1544556617736816,
-1.1728719472885132,
0.758964478969574,
0.2776179611682892,
0.733723521232605,
0.4868612289428711,
0.5459021925926208,
-0.9314294457435608,
-0.8976923227310181,
0.7749955058097839,
-1.0768524408340454,
-0.8157868385314941,
0.8085399866104126,
-0.7449406981468201,
-0.4445638656616211,
-0.06118997931480408,
-0.5108717679977417,
2.109058380126953,
0.6866241097450256,
0.2289697825908661,
-0.38105377554893494,
0.5761692523956299,
0.9940536022186279,
-0.2085559219121933,
0.33244234323501587,
-0.05521547794342041,
0.8919415473937988,
-0.1802321821451187,
0.4537484645843506,
-0.04727299511432648,
-0.5890069007873535,
0.7587286829948425,
-0.6229498386383057,
0.5256752371788025,
0.22546561062335968,
0.49326592683792114,
-0.3035178780555725,
-0.033821314573287964,
0.3180568814277649,
0.3794274926185608,
0.30688267946243286,
-1.1264607906341553,
0.9190302491188049,
-0.16320699453353882,
0.9009525775909424,
0.598363995552063,
-0.3121761083602905,
-0.352917343378067,
1.2418001890182495,
0.265601247549057,
0.6373881101608276,
0.38114213943481445,
0.44603294134140015,
-1.1614463329315186,
0.24462467432022095,
-2.7379679679870605,
-0.12907667458057404,
-0.8162895441055298,
-1.2382010221481323,
0.2877956032752991,
-0.46766114234924316,
-0.26830220222473145,
1.5137265920639038,
-0.48602360486984253,
0.18131223320960999,
0.8756791353225708,
-0.3369526267051697,
0.6399382948875427,
-0.5675580501556396,
0.04775424301624298,
0.28057414293289185,
0.2527780532836914,
-0.711223840713501,
-0.21330174803733826,
0.007481960579752922,
0.564635157585144,
-0.48392587900161743,
0.8038617968559265,
1.038756012916565,
1.0298694372177124,
1.2307281494140625,
0.1742449402809143,
-0.5199470520019531,
0.8962556719779968,
-0.3438144326210022,
-0.30408117175102234,
-0.5768840909004211,
-1.3187376260757446,
-0.6035950183868408,
1.9325754642486572,
-0.9126138091087341,
-0.5586654543876648,
1.6721618175506592,
0.09958410263061523,
0.395366907119751,
0.6046912670135498,
0.5714693069458008,
0.22915557026863098,
2.141741991043091,
0.1838882863521576,
-0.7151741981506348,
-0.4745132029056549,
-2.8768272399902344,
0.2925414443016052,
0.17471441626548767,
-0.08888775110244751,
-0.3372941315174103,
-0.4798935055732727,
0.2949046194553375,
-0.19691981375217438,
-0.004228338599205017,
-0.19189029932022095,
0.4861389100551605,
-1.4250898361206055,
-0.15140801668167114,
-0.1562095433473587,
0.34345948696136475,
1.2681081295013428,
0.24056312441825867,
0.40281206369400024,
-0.9178248643875122,
0.8038854002952576,
0.933964729309082,
0.1956542432308197,
-0.5323632955551147,
0.03924274444580078,
-1.3909516334533691,
-0.7026445865631104,
-0.7258046269416809,
-2.407984733581543,
0.9559057950973511,
-0.2707259953022003,
-0.28255707025527954,
0.14808952808380127,
-0.8556476831436157,
-1.0562479496002197,
1.485336184501648,
0.363363116979599,
-2.1358726024627686,
-0.11877171695232391,
0.6158977150917053,
-0.05130520462989807,
0.10028016567230225,
-0.6119033098220825,
0.09645651280879974,
0.11975885182619095,
1.1502090692520142,
-0.22317467629909515,
-1.245628833770752,
-0.11895652115345001,
0.2098613977432251,
-0.15707215666770935,
-0.8721184730529785,
-0.2573978900909424,
-0.5513913631439209,
-0.43950021266937256,
-1.024217963218689,
1.3115198612213135,
0.4423227906227112,
-0.07715250551700592,
-1.2491133213043213,
1.4899895191192627,
-0.9355612993240356,
-0.8981716632843018,
-0.7579835653305054,
0.4107705354690552,
-0.8059999942779541,
0.1054149866104126,
0.16012993454933167,
-1.2742334604263306,
0.3098408281803131,
0.4183899164199829,
0.2950690984725952,
0.7145134210586548,
-0.7063181400299072,
-0.24342644214630127,
-1.2111107110977173,
-0.4225403666496277,
0.2602071464061737,
0.5297521352767944,
0.5022897124290466,
0.3853696584701538,
0.43319350481033325,
-0.5037487745285034,
1.4099297523498535,
0.5950326919555664,
0.2064487338066101,
0.2176198959350586,
-1.4462461471557617,
0.7097140550613403,
-0.15057554841041565,
-0.8287543654441833,
-0.3092201054096222,
-0.20707331597805023,
-0.14710690081119537,
-0.792365312576294,
-0.5141092538833618,
-0.8618027567863464,
0.18658825755119324,
0.12331044673919678,
-0.5865986347198486,
-0.26759761571884155,
0.9642099142074585,
-2.5154316425323486,
-1.320010781288147,
-0.11459021270275116,
-0.593034565448761,
-1.1324067115783691,
-0.8412233591079712,
-1.1556154489517212,
-0.034276559948921204,
-0.11871984601020813,
-0.661495566368103,
1.7276791334152222,
0.008124545216560364,
-1.1809258460998535,
0.07071779668331146,
0.8726917505264282,
0.3811759948730469,
-1.222325325012207,
-0.4237554669380188,
-0.15302862226963043,
0.18430361151695251,
0.17862291634082794,
-0.5291232466697693,
0.9111327528953552,
0.9404881596565247,
1.313888669013977,
-0.5741683840751648,
0.33639833331108093,
0.0012728869915008545,
-0.6409876346588135,
-0.05994197726249695,
1.8358104228973389,
-2.2363641262054443,
-0.498588889837265,
1.2751080989837646,
0.061019182205200195,
-0.12086613476276398,
-0.6578744649887085,
-0.613217294216156,
0.4114592671394348,
0.14735522866249084,
0.32824626564979553,
1.1711983680725098,
0.4572186768054962,
-0.722223162651062,
2.1225578784942627,
0.5266093015670776,
-0.12310969829559326,
-0.3078272342681885,
0.13162606954574585,
-1.2721422910690308,
-1.4976245164871216,
-0.40604424476623535,
-0.5440758466720581,
-0.14965756237506866,
-0.9480165243148804,
0.14734701812267303,
0.4934100806713104,
-0.04836033284664154,
-0.015575945377349854,
-0.21323055028915405,
0.7907744646072388,
-1.1115339994430542,
0.022130131721496582,
0.542641818523407,
-1.068716049194336,
-0.17614655196666718,
-1.4071828126907349,
-0.28704962134361267,
-0.26700568199157715,
0.5403673052787781,
0.6265640258789062,
-0.5991785526275635,
0.5161486268043518,
1.3581188917160034,
1.2123961448669434,
0.03373323380947113,
0.39804595708847046,
0.8852166533470154,
-0.5523151159286499,
0.26003193855285645,
0.6776888370513916,
1.4852113723754883,
0.4713371992111206,
0.10435697436332703,
1.0272445678710938,
0.8830499649047852,
0.37422406673431396,
0.49397966265678406,
-1.2921934127807617,
-0.006452254951000214,
-0.23541302978992462,
0.7342096567153931,
0.7472679018974304,
-0.17948321998119354,
1.047919750213623,
0.8941981792449951,
0.25558149814605713,
1.794543981552124,
-0.3137117028236389,
0.19512596726417542,
-0.3437124788761139,
0.5741424560546875,
0.10702794790267944,
0.4774726927280426,
1.5349780321121216,
-1.1106456518173218,
-0.8949756622314453,
-0.04866449534893036,
0.5480981469154358,
-0.6960575580596924,
-1.1129658222198486,
0.12696656584739685,
-0.1780242919921875,
2.4077587127685547,
0.8687052130699158,
0.050210148096084595,
-1.463909387588501,
0.41672655940055847,
-0.3866582214832306,
-0.2941882610321045,
0.7375050783157349,
-0.008832156658172607,
1.0286933183670044,
-0.3793935179710388,
-0.5763490796089172,
-0.011722356081008911,
1.3110437393188477,
-0.19937673211097717,
-0.6652025580406189,
0.40782225131988525,
1.4905530214309692,
-0.37842363119125366,
1.5942081212997437,
0.08669473230838776
] |
is the barycenter of a double system (pluto-charon, for example) another type of lagrange point? | would a satellite stay there with a little stationkeeping like other points, or does the pluto-charon l1 lie somewhere else? | except in the special case of two equal masses, the barycenter is not a lagrange point. the barycenter is located towards pluto meaning the gravitational force there is dominated by that of pluto. by contrast the l1 point is located towards charon. the gravitational force at l1 is *still* dominated by pluto, but charon's gravity counteracts it enough to slow the orbital period of an object at l1 to match the period of charon. | 15 | [] | [] | [
"http://hopsblog-hop.blogspot.com/2016/08/pluto-charon-elevator.html"
] | [
-0.2314186692237854,
-0.31497231125831604,
-0.47351160645484924,
-0.050182655453681946,
-2.1133875846862793,
-0.7367106676101685,
-0.3774348795413971,
-0.1325065642595291,
0.4569395184516907,
-0.8984239101409912,
1.066920518875122,
-1.262284755706787,
-0.16472217440605164,
-1.380622148513794,
-0.4174572229385376,
-2.290030002593994,
-1.0754672288894653,
0.1899513602256775,
-0.03024345636367798,
0.002005159854888916,
0.989474892616272,
0.16259869933128357,
-0.6641260385513306,
1.3749117851257324,
-1.0134057998657227,
-0.496979683637619,
0.22272756695747375,
-0.014471378177404404,
0.5302485227584839,
-1.1136555671691895,
-0.3243187963962555,
-0.14373022317886353,
0.5649377703666687,
-0.4581890404224396,
0.6359778642654419,
1.4532296657562256,
1.5106884241104126,
-0.5929670929908752,
-0.049824416637420654,
-0.00673966109752655,
1.090651273727417,
-0.5051966309547424,
0.2862527072429657,
1.133636713027954,
0.14701995253562927,
0.9859886169433594,
0.9733864665031433,
0.19915392994880676,
-0.1770593374967575,
-0.4319700598716736,
-0.3784172534942627,
0.5245264172554016,
-0.8064402341842651,
-0.47056564688682556,
-0.34922391176223755,
0.3668363690376282,
0.1880447417497635,
0.7178902626037598,
2.189161539077759,
-1.4462552070617676,
-0.07621036469936371,
0.842553973197937,
-0.5409220457077026,
0.1418629288673401,
2.301987409591675,
-0.5307292938232422,
0.0028622597455978394,
-1.1963036060333252,
-0.7382107377052307,
1.7287918329238892,
-0.6396965384483337,
-0.2877016067504883,
-1.5752261877059937,
-0.3395560085773468,
0.42196378111839294,
0.554269552230835,
0.7155138850212097,
1.4475011825561523,
-0.8915131092071533,
-1.1684842109680176,
-0.42852193117141724,
0.038137324154376984,
-0.4895050823688507,
0.08847600221633911,
-0.3902789354324341,
0.4886946976184845,
0.8533557653427124,
0.23888862133026123,
2.268134355545044,
0.37455832958221436,
-0.07087265700101852,
-1.0502586364746094,
-1.3308786153793335,
0.5762229561805725,
-2.1081383228302,
0.33272024989128113,
0.6721929907798767,
-0.20109736919403076,
1.0023303031921387,
0.1499895453453064,
0.4405115842819214,
0.4895569086074829,
-0.6528553366661072,
2.453653573989868,
0.5081430673599243,
0.7215203046798706,
-0.27751025557518005,
-0.2728079855442047,
0.01950925588607788,
0.4598945081233978,
0.6582286357879639,
-0.9903135299682617,
0.6839806437492371,
-0.9685706496238708,
0.16774994134902954,
0.8083783984184265,
1.239650011062622,
0.4974043369293213,
-0.22269286215305328,
-0.8232027888298035,
-0.3778475522994995,
-0.5780858993530273,
0.4564666748046875,
1.3757482767105103,
0.2264736294746399,
-0.5487354397773743,
-0.42745187878608704,
0.4512489140033722,
0.3962900936603546,
-1.1947590112686157,
1.1691389083862305,
-1.5262445211410522,
-2.040104866027832,
0.14418844878673553,
-1.3197497129440308,
1.4974961280822754,
0.20664280652999878,
-1.3870923519134521,
-0.6073224544525146,
-0.22338944673538208,
0.49159562587738037,
-0.8427916765213013,
-0.10169103741645813,
-0.13572634756565094,
1.7532628774642944,
-0.7243691682815552,
-0.35180380940437317,
-1.0693774223327637,
-0.7596622705459595,
0.4884544312953949,
-0.8212171196937561,
-0.618574321269989,
1.102306604385376,
-0.04883205145597458,
0.818889856338501,
-0.24604196846485138,
-1.4224921464920044,
-0.29954051971435547,
-0.5872192978858948,
-0.08103447407484055,
-0.22846446931362152,
1.5542248487472534,
-0.40362033247947693,
1.4357445240020752,
0.2432592809200287,
0.27868008613586426,
0.2962605059146881,
0.21289397776126862,
0.6056015491485596,
-0.10706067085266113,
0.6212021708488464,
-0.4248307943344116,
0.7450015544891357,
-1.3942110538482666,
0.8442919850349426,
-1.1332968473434448,
-0.004626743495464325,
0.48893558979034424,
0.20990069210529327,
1.1822223663330078,
-0.34934353828430176,
-0.08054433017969131,
1.813656210899353,
0.055995576083660126,
-0.7385718822479248,
0.09661171585321426,
-1.176446795463562,
0.5830066800117493,
1.3575937747955322,
0.06976047158241272,
2.630331516265869,
0.3569333553314209,
-1.1140663623809814,
0.04263371229171753,
-1.57858145236969,
-0.5623798370361328,
0.40805763006210327,
0.491313099861145,
-0.9901832938194275,
0.8568339347839355,
-0.2329278588294983,
-0.6343636512756348,
-0.016129672527313232,
0.29723483324050903,
0.6159504055976868,
-0.995163083076477,
-0.4048168957233429,
1.3532639741897583,
-2.1769161224365234,
1.437692642211914,
0.3735516667366028,
-1.8693634271621704,
-1.681834101676941,
-0.21468748152256012,
0.31934189796447754,
-1.1061075925827026,
0.45152604579925537,
-1.2961758375167847,
-0.438334584236145,
-0.6516722440719604,
-0.9381887912750244,
0.8000360727310181,
-0.03137999773025513,
-0.2892988920211792,
0.6648597121238708,
-1.6161576509475708,
0.7423319220542908,
0.3972821831703186,
-0.9485485553741455,
0.21491175889968872,
-0.44440948963165283,
-0.5731332302093506,
-0.6831185817718506,
1.9165542125701904,
0.20641160011291504,
-0.8986803293228149,
-0.09960602223873138,
-0.8626980185508728,
1.7350940704345703,
-0.7079097032546997,
0.8547781109809875,
0.5325727462768555,
-0.39036041498184204,
1.0893083810806274,
-0.2989654541015625,
0.5342677235603333,
0.5090645551681519,
-0.6370108127593994,
-0.1435835063457489,
-1.7572499513626099,
0.46778663992881775,
-0.2386014461517334,
-0.5685401558876038,
0.06731528788805008,
-0.05751326307654381,
-0.0342274010181427,
-0.0022507458925247192,
-0.699691891670227,
-0.3412914276123047,
-0.7616022825241089,
0.24910308420658112,
1.0150203704833984,
0.11885347962379456,
0.277228444814682,
0.3628937602043152,
1.9270408153533936,
0.6379245519638062,
0.2985607385635376,
-0.16533608734607697,
0.7061862349510193,
2.5302953720092773,
0.9307495355606079,
-0.142324760556221,
-0.3645602762699127,
1.008272647857666,
-0.30391934514045715,
-0.007617682218551636,
0.11878690868616104,
0.5777108669281006,
-0.05090247094631195,
-1.0194333791732788,
1.0187113285064697,
-1.3931472301483154,
-1.376316785812378,
0.23465794324874878,
-0.6278736591339111,
0.669082522392273,
-0.5093072652816772,
0.7678995132446289,
-0.00635131448507309,
-0.7754307985305786,
1.3451975584030151,
0.41559433937072754,
0.779107391834259,
0.9149466753005981,
0.48273932933807373,
0.11903546750545502,
0.4878833591938019,
0.7418527007102966,
0.430042564868927,
0.5935837030410767,
-1.0489063262939453,
-2.3530874252319336,
-0.3416617512702942,
-1.0012109279632568,
1.240984320640564,
-0.10981355607509613,
1.311449646949768,
0.4158438444137573,
0.25208622217178345,
-0.9630981683731079,
0.30532026290893555,
-0.5054362416267395,
0.7829196453094482,
0.20541878044605255,
0.05592279136180878,
-0.005020812153816223,
0.4942178726196289,
0.3822401165962219,
0.5695837736129761,
0.4156510531902313,
-0.6624372601509094,
-1.311204433441162,
0.20425355434417725,
-0.8863060474395752,
0.42561501264572144,
-0.6649326086044312,
-2.2334907054901123,
-0.5925376415252686,
0.7850868701934814,
-1.1103352308273315,
0.608924925327301,
0.08093120902776718,
-1.2602089643478394,
0.20748750865459442,
0.4831483066082001,
-0.10136887431144714,
-0.2672756016254425,
-1.0466382503509521,
0.8158736228942871,
-0.6802610158920288,
-0.19315467774868011,
0.0092887282371521,
-0.4840388894081116,
-0.07166608422994614,
-0.40400007367134094,
0.3027103543281555,
0.5691962242126465,
-0.9436101913452148,
-1.7077622413635254,
0.7113518118858337,
-0.40737903118133545,
0.43198662996292114,
-1.1218774318695068,
1.1337250471115112,
0.452216774225235,
-0.9118444919586182,
0.9604977369308472,
-0.17144626379013062,
1.7973781824111938,
0.9994673728942871,
-0.5795332193374634,
-0.18242564797401428,
1.1049058437347412,
-1.6313879489898682,
1.0368725061416626,
-0.33566051721572876,
0.5229064226150513,
0.3498993217945099,
-0.5115175247192383,
0.15611809492111206,
1.5451245307922363,
1.0644147396087646,
-1.3553400039672852,
0.4410877227783203,
0.4038245379924774,
0.29170048236846924,
-0.7468204498291016,
-1.292168140411377,
0.8407897353172302,
1.3576163053512573,
0.02097748965024948,
0.4864155650138855,
-0.29310745000839233
] |
what methods, besides centrifugation, can be used to isolate cells from a liquid media? | **magnetic separation** : iron beads that are coated with an antibody or some other ligand are suspended in the liquid-cell mixture. put a magnet to the side of the tube, agitate, wait for the beads to settle on the inside of the tube. remove the liquid and disrupt the interaction that "stuck" the cells. **adherence** - for eukaryotic cells, you can put them in a culture dish coated with certain proteins (like pronectin). they will adhere to it, and you can pull the liquid off after a few hours. there are similar things you can do for other cells; just give them something they like. **filtration** a 0.2 micron filter will let liquid through and retain just about any cell. commonly referred to as vacuum filtration. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.9482383728027344,
0.4532134234905243,
0.8967667818069458,
-0.545805811882019,
-1.6050074100494385,
-1.3652496337890625,
3.269599199295044,
0.01884976029396057,
0.14704732596874237,
-0.13310691714286804,
0.8619917035102844,
-0.1523313820362091,
-0.3187720775604248,
1.1113460063934326,
-0.21943184733390808,
-0.7644625306129456,
-0.4488082528114319,
2.0236308574676514,
-1.8607079982757568,
0.05032022297382355,
0.9290037155151367,
0.2104950249195099,
-1.1724034547805786,
0.19026878476142883,
-1.1868150234222412,
-0.26167792081832886,
0.24624934792518616,
-0.8664761781692505,
0.3029957711696625,
-0.3306669294834137,
-0.6036683320999146,
-0.3107437193393707,
-2.1518986225128174,
0.22773605585098267,
-0.14250288903713226,
0.13307452201843262,
-1.4538235664367676,
1.2578487396240234,
-0.6483278870582581,
-1.215241551399231,
0.4825611710548401,
-0.23470671474933624,
-0.6880550980567932,
0.9469532370567322,
0.8091592192649841,
0.4651999771595001,
0.0018731802701950073,
-0.17260679602622986,
-0.012610793113708496,
-0.5180561542510986,
-0.31579098105430603,
-0.06830441951751709,
-1.2162251472473145,
1.9226173162460327,
-1.8066067695617676,
-0.7235490083694458,
0.38984790444374084,
-0.8202585577964783,
-0.8107091188430786,
0.4155811369419098,
-0.5796413421630859,
-0.0954965129494667,
0.26296889781951904,
2.5280544757843018,
0.11135969310998917,
-0.7001851201057434,
0.4339439272880554,
1.413428783416748,
0.8711467981338501,
1.288090467453003,
0.22313708066940308,
0.20882821083068848,
-0.8269553780555725,
1.5341339111328125,
1.0757999420166016,
1.0993882417678833,
-0.2907724380493164,
-0.8903355002403259,
0.5827707052230835,
1.7360140085220337,
0.27070364356040955,
0.8040980100631714,
0.9101475477218628,
1.3909733295440674,
-1.8169089555740356,
3.5791220664978027,
0.12644892930984497,
1.1573039293289185,
-0.3071307837963104,
-0.6401339769363403,
-0.29653990268707275,
0.9693415760993958,
0.4341677725315094,
0.5049574971199036,
-0.23506322503089905,
-0.016764385625720024,
0.23922006785869598,
-1.1275821924209595,
-0.08837953209877014,
-1.044825553894043,
-0.9973926544189453,
-0.17109757661819458,
-1.2431271076202393,
-0.18891392648220062,
-0.4695338010787964,
-1.4885797500610352,
0.4243563413619995,
-0.06063199043273926,
1.385085940361023,
0.8139283061027527,
-1.3033065795898438,
0.8604459166526794,
1.1969000101089478,
-0.5885961055755615,
-0.40736040472984314,
0.555784285068512,
1.129554271697998,
0.03806713595986366,
0.3260766267776489,
0.1694771945476532,
0.4646155536174774,
-1.3231219053268433,
-0.4272626042366028,
0.38357990980148315,
1.9279215335845947,
0.22150802612304688,
1.4952234029769897,
1.4157248735427856,
1.280289649963379,
0.11148867756128311,
1.538854956626892,
0.4048318564891815,
0.2219640165567398,
0.12587884068489075,
-0.5209686160087585,
-0.9626579284667969,
-0.08773206174373627,
-0.2119559943675995,
-1.9616022109985352,
0.06475166976451874,
-2.4546751976013184,
1.39881432056427,
-0.3751715421676636,
-1.330742359161377,
0.690132737159729,
0.25344717502593994,
0.03212793171405792,
-2.0502562522888184,
-0.6742581129074097,
0.5642044544219971,
-0.8069277405738831,
-1.0074340105056763,
0.9872585535049438,
0.22817176580429077,
-0.7421726584434509,
1.0164167881011963,
-0.6164351105690002,
1.2882875204086304,
0.23594537377357483,
-0.5817995071411133,
-1.8783135414123535,
1.5738332271575928,
-0.09050232172012329,
1.9198908805847168,
-0.41997191309928894,
-0.01329951174557209,
0.3236464560031891,
-0.8923755884170532,
-0.0140896737575531,
0.6570501327514648,
-0.4723765254020691,
-0.6907835006713867,
0.595880389213562,
-2.58024525642395,
-3.086311101913452,
-0.7856376767158508,
-1.4612202644348145,
-0.48545345664024353,
1.8529815673828125,
0.16162146627902985,
0.3047603964805603,
1.3972651958465576,
0.9729436635971069,
0.2406061887741089,
-0.33918944001197815,
-0.35142281651496887,
0.18891794979572296,
0.4024236500263214,
-1.3117060661315918,
0.16379332542419434,
-0.49900293350219727,
2.016535758972168,
0.7735497951507568,
0.6403563618659973,
-1.5293939113616943,
-1.4507219791412354,
-1.012448787689209,
-1.1607489585876465,
-1.2488548755645752,
-0.801163911819458,
0.9978565573692322,
-0.8547232747077942,
-1.57651686668396,
-0.4386594891548157,
0.7142161130905151,
0.34889429807662964,
0.1926962286233902,
-1.6132426261901855,
0.4212954640388489,
-1.2236946821212769,
-1.1303856372833252,
0.04838038980960846,
-0.7291695475578308,
-0.7466489672660828,
0.2371746450662613,
-0.16284137964248657,
-0.4513356685638428,
-1.049116849899292,
0.7038884162902832,
-0.7681825757026672,
0.3077588975429535,
-0.6832451820373535,
0.03242655098438263,
-2.014955520629883,
0.8813506960868835,
-1.7365565299987793,
1.42676842212677,
1.6382684707641602,
-0.5658940076828003,
1.0666465759277344,
-0.1736026406288147,
0.5972573161125183,
0.2687340974807739,
1.3277589082717896,
0.5680096745491028,
0.5651703476905823,
0.6923743486404419,
-0.8792689442634583,
0.7221261262893677,
0.9235291481018066,
-0.21135389804840088,
0.7654560208320618,
-1.2044341564178467,
0.5387572050094604,
-1.4013073444366455,
0.9072360992431641,
0.7341082096099854,
1.420910120010376,
-0.41952791810035706,
0.6770200729370117,
-0.8277687430381775,
-0.0133400559425354,
0.6685448884963989,
-0.28969818353652954,
-0.11441649496555328,
0.08856061100959778,
-0.717512309551239,
-1.6766666173934937,
0.46452754735946655,
-2.1659841537475586,
1.9856433868408203,
1.5709283351898193,
0.5489047765731812,
-1.4028946161270142,
0.34711170196533203,
-0.5716680884361267,
-0.781761109828949,
1.7069424390792847,
-0.23479819297790527,
1.1313111782073975,
1.5698456764221191,
-1.6601781845092773,
-0.47006601095199585,
1.4121050834655762,
0.03287605941295624,
-1.7055764198303223,
0.25815296173095703,
-0.6900285482406616,
0.7324042320251465,
2.4229867458343506,
1.3551604747772217,
-1.7701599597930908,
-0.8576282262802124,
1.2536088228225708,
-0.0741712749004364,
-2.062808036804199,
0.9642848372459412,
-2.354860782623291,
0.28457510471343994,
0.39700499176979065,
-0.832526683807373,
3.247853994369507,
0.09598644077777863,
-1.6473857164382935,
2.1422324180603027,
1.8688677549362183,
1.7101492881774902,
-0.27663668990135193,
1.079515814781189,
-1.192559838294983,
-1.3059524297714233,
-2.298142671585083,
-1.864080548286438,
0.3069345951080322,
0.15001091361045837,
0.9502869844436646,
-0.08633562922477722,
0.6445862054824829,
1.881030797958374,
-1.9888709783554077,
0.2424113005399704,
0.047924548387527466,
-0.22364482283592224,
-0.6877404451370239,
-0.9763118624687195,
0.2589739263057709,
0.7698267102241516,
1.097712755203247,
0.7895142436027527,
0.21107488870620728,
2.232706308364868,
-0.7992905378341675,
1.246951699256897,
-0.8472846746444702,
-1.4223558902740479,
0.10656866431236267,
-1.0291316509246826,
0.1138470470905304,
0.6416468024253845,
-0.46493077278137207,
0.32745441794395447,
2.5399763584136963,
0.3074679672718048,
0.0023327618837356567,
0.4742833971977234,
1.4633655548095703,
-1.050112009048462,
-1.030422329902649,
-0.9762519001960754,
-0.8240880966186523,
-1.1159846782684326,
0.05407901853322983,
-0.08642536401748657,
0.8090993165969849,
0.6544046401977539,
-0.16296565532684326,
0.5501978993415833,
0.04744793474674225,
-0.2527807652950287,
0.8080108761787415,
-0.496054470539093,
0.959714949131012,
0.2471223622560501,
1.7740017175674438,
-1.2824820280075073,
0.5707368850708008,
-0.3615884780883789,
-1.2206370830535889,
1.1113121509552002,
-0.018217694014310837,
-0.9811176061630249,
-1.799194097518921,
-0.24752643704414368,
1.3287322521209717,
-1.4239253997802734,
-0.5270888805389404,
0.8175458908081055,
0.3029519319534302,
-1.8298386335372925,
2.7927417755126953,
0.3551904857158661,
1.6011192798614502,
0.6355699300765991,
0.24889972805976868,
-0.8457469940185547,
-0.31758353114128113,
0.03406611829996109,
0.4405812621116638,
-0.27635443210601807,
0.3919515013694763,
-0.9808470010757446,
0.3753036856651306,
2.847459316253662,
0.23601335287094116
] |
|
does it make sense to talk of two things happening at the same time? | so i got to wondering how, in this world of relative time, one goes about defining simultaneity. can i map every moment in my time to every moment in someone else's, travelling at a high relative velocity to me? if so, then are two "simultaneous" events spaced differently in our respective time frames? what if these spacings were infinitely small? | let a and b be two events that you believe to be simultaneous but spatially separated. you know they're simultaneous because you know how far each of the events is from you and how long it took the light from that event to get to you (since light always travels at c), so you can work backward to find out when the events actually happened. when you do this for a and b you find that they actually happened at the same time. if another observer is moving relative to you at all, that observer will not see a and b as being simultaneous. how far off from simultaneity they are depends on the observer's velocity and the separation distance between a and b. it's possible that the observers instruments aren't capable of measuring the difference, in which case they will conclude the two events are simultaneous, but we generally assume infinitely precise measurements when discussing relativity (outside of relativistic quantum mechanics, of course). now, if a and b happen at the same time *and* same place in one reference frame (for instance, if a and b are colliding ships), then they will happen at the same time and same place in all reference frames (the ships will collide in all reference frames). in essence, what happens when you switch from one reference frame to another is that time and space get rotated into each-other. this has the effect that if you believe the two events a and b happened at the same time in different places, there are other observers who would think they happened at different times and different places. moreover, there are some observers who would think a happened before b and there are other observers who would think b happened before a. that is, not only do they not agree on simultaneity but they don't even necessarily agree on the ordering of the events. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.6963825225830078,
0.6616231203079224,
0.9655055999755859,
0.9741182327270508,
1.8360307216644287,
-1.1204077005386353,
0.5448250770568848,
-2.8571531772613525,
6.92191743850708,
-2.9891514778137207,
3.14726185798645,
1.7596960067749023,
-0.27263110876083374,
-2.16971492767334,
0.05316781997680664,
-3.436347007751465,
0.6085763573646545,
-1.034519076347351,
-9.703034400939941,
1.1127715110778809,
-1.0082011222839355,
-5.134833812713623,
-2.6566014289855957,
1.6318349838256836,
-0.6186051964759827,
3.084023952484131,
-1.469517707824707,
0.6272609233856201,
0.23361632227897644,
1.7037590742111206,
1.1362900733947754,
-1.126962661743164,
-2.4217565059661865,
-1.766789197921753,
-1.7312536239624023,
1.8443069458007812,
0.04413686692714691,
1.5573792457580566,
0.5056155920028687,
-1.918546438217163,
0.4355326294898987,
1.065898060798645,
1.9389402866363525,
0.6399542093276978,
0.23036006093025208,
3.513129949569702,
1.99098539352417,
1.1327848434448242,
-2.9126014709472656,
0.5132670402526855,
-2.4122719764709473,
1.7467068433761597,
-1.346232533454895,
-3.114321708679199,
-0.9630290865898132,
0.9142065048217773,
1.463442325592041,
-1.6178728342056274,
2.6596293449401855,
-1.752555012702942,
-0.26535680890083313,
0.9999872446060181,
-4.060861587524414,
3.3366780281066895,
3.503957748413086,
0.4445601999759674,
1.3466622829437256,
-0.9324157238006592,
-1.5924564599990845,
2.0458202362060547,
1.4566409587860107,
2.636566638946533,
-0.8611924052238464,
-2.406634569168091,
0.5756572484970093,
-0.1482861191034317,
-0.23117704689502716,
2.7958741188049316,
-0.6384930610656738,
-2.4183950424194336,
2.9768571853637695,
-3.9574501514434814,
-3.0838539600372314,
0.357224702835083,
0.5546942949295044,
-1.5195603370666504,
-0.34009888768196106,
1.2980717420578003,
2.178149461746216,
-2.210294008255005,
-3.0591683387756348,
-3.6519017219543457,
0.9717370867729187,
-0.07242103666067123,
0.2122073769569397,
2.7017924785614014,
-0.6031097769737244,
0.4880187511444092,
8.720200538635254,
3.5727128982543945,
-2.629993438720703,
-0.06193934381008148,
-5.37951135635376,
4.2496771812438965,
1.1706881523132324,
-1.3678759336471558,
-1.9796727895736694,
-2.475604772567749,
-1.4838438034057617,
2.3119821548461914,
0.2598949074745178,
-3.0338141918182373,
2.9249513149261475,
-3.2714269161224365,
-1.7879574298858643,
1.1762783527374268,
0.0051040127873420715,
3.4247188568115234,
1.827210783958435,
-6.653448581695557,
-2.7107298374176025,
0.29764583706855774,
2.1022772789001465,
-2.092823028564453,
0.9659704566001892,
-1.0217970609664917,
2.4428489208221436,
1.9535993337631226,
-3.6807637214660645,
-6.191749095916748,
0.7392844557762146,
-2.9121899604797363,
-0.9710883498191833,
2.1349854469299316,
-1.5918123722076416,
-0.9343514442443848,
8.149735450744629,
-2.438035011291504,
-1.5650041103363037,
0.9821898937225342,
3.565692901611328,
-0.6774880886077881,
-0.47927263379096985,
2.0365195274353027,
3.4073269367218018,
5.148374557495117,
2.182868480682373,
1.539481282234192,
2.163503646850586,
-5.016271591186523,
-0.9793256521224976,
-0.21672075986862183,
0.2914621829986572,
0.2270771861076355,
-1.5417832136154175,
1.317003846168518,
-3.2532787322998047,
1.2502861022949219,
-1.566177248954773,
3.5806314945220947,
-1.6747896671295166,
3.134010076522827,
0.5773169994354248,
0.6528844833374023,
3.6055052280426025,
2.655426025390625,
0.20372968912124634,
-3.2662391662597656,
-0.4611159563064575,
1.0873621702194214,
-2.7254748344421387,
-2.1973986625671387,
-0.29734086990356445,
-1.9204615354537964,
-0.9010536670684814,
0.947827935218811,
-3.997124671936035,
-0.1270260512828827,
0.6509865522384644,
1.5310394763946533,
-1.1920967102050781,
-2.4592950344085693,
4.495397090911865,
1.3389688730239868,
0.5038804411888123,
0.161034494638443,
-0.9408990144729614,
2.2418813705444336,
1.1847745180130005,
0.47674432396888733,
-0.009002402424812317,
-2.984851837158203,
2.096102476119995,
3.6784589290618896,
-0.07047083973884583,
0.9156724214553833,
2.0094308853149414,
0.651321291923523,
1.0660113096237183,
0.8670969605445862,
-3.672395944595337,
-2.4092583656311035,
-0.12635493278503418,
-2.035101890563965,
-2.0059549808502197,
1.617637038230896,
1.7106175422668457,
1.2218471765518188,
-1.818087100982666,
1.9090341329574585,
2.4616012573242188,
-2.3358078002929688,
-3.3002312183380127,
0.3769368827342987,
-0.3812331259250641,
0.45126432180404663,
-5.459956645965576,
0.006347775459289551,
-1.6008102893829346,
-0.004921212792396545,
2.6273481845855713,
-2.4321131706237793,
2.24894380569458,
-3.4203450679779053,
-0.706936776638031,
0.16456946730613708,
-2.6882615089416504,
-0.12064722180366516,
-1.4621481895446777,
1.6507726907730103,
-0.08397751301527023,
0.280124306678772,
3.1649727821350098,
2.798464298248291,
-2.1024701595306396,
-4.7086615562438965,
-0.5248457193374634,
2.0268399715423584,
-1.0641193389892578,
-3.1720409393310547,
3.437992811203003,
-0.9022928476333618,
-0.8838362693786621,
1.1887640953063965,
3.2849197387695312,
-0.9329967498779297,
-0.6239877343177795,
-3.3964743614196777,
0.9739111065864563,
1.5301845073699951,
2.9305131435394287,
-2.112602472305298,
-5.629059314727783,
-0.7108950614929199,
-3.0159053802490234,
-1.2718358039855957,
-0.6099957227706909,
0.6232560276985168,
-0.7183173894882202,
2.8507888317108154,
2.6151604652404785,
0.01665496826171875,
-2.5765740871429443,
-3.6745553016662598,
2.110738515853882,
3.7807681560516357,
1.3232847452163696,
2.2147223949432373,
-1.4622817039489746,
-1.4506956338882446,
-2.473390579223633,
2.1049160957336426,
-0.08692820370197296,
-3.1090803146362305,
-5.02107048034668,
-0.8285635709762573,
-1.2191317081451416,
-3.330866575241089,
-5.216292858123779,
1.2986130714416504,
-0.12413516640663147,
-4.645257472991943,
1.788881540298462,
3.114314079284668,
2.2540369033813477,
-4.568042755126953,
0.4235641658306122,
3.0714943408966064,
3.637063503265381,
1.400019645690918,
-2.1872634887695312,
1.8848774433135986,
2.486530303955078,
-0.8322204947471619,
4.360953330993652,
0.8807465434074402,
-5.031491756439209,
-0.46151334047317505,
2.4149558544158936,
2.007558822631836,
0.6370160579681396,
1.4419996738433838,
-0.10871392488479614,
1.9986724853515625,
-4.876495361328125,
0.11654236912727356,
3.106472969055176,
4.145079612731934,
-2.412654399871826,
-0.3022317886352539,
-0.7025249600410461,
-4.162945747375488,
2.6986613273620605,
2.207322359085083,
-1.9871317148208618,
4.385568141937256,
2.0773587226867676,
-0.4980055093765259,
-0.1629127860069275,
1.0462310314178467,
-0.40638259053230286,
-0.5198620557785034,
-0.6678891777992249,
-0.9932062029838562,
0.04821619391441345,
-1.4533159732818604,
0.38071170449256897,
0.19824686646461487,
-4.654426574707031,
2.606153964996338,
-3.7802774906158447,
0.17116723954677582,
2.9182350635528564,
-0.8122973442077637,
4.578643798828125,
0.44715777039527893,
-0.9896313548088074,
-4.389945983886719,
-3.583298921585083,
4.383916854858398,
0.5331856608390808,
1.1146588325500488,
3.0591318607330322,
3.567795515060425,
-0.328076034784317,
2.689204454421997,
-2.0878639221191406,
0.41784149408340454,
-0.556970477104187,
1.931282877922058,
-1.658908724784851,
0.06810055673122406,
1.0414906740188599,
2.8837363719940186,
2.0485548973083496,
-3.961129903793335,
-0.932282567024231,
1.4416004419326782,
1.0684216022491455,
0.35715344548225403,
-0.09451240301132202,
-0.6294939517974854,
-1.3607652187347412,
8.632367134094238,
4.530796051025391,
2.055426597595215,
-1.7878525257110596,
-2.8463222980499268,
-1.0252628326416016,
0.7490280866622925,
-2.9305059909820557,
5.153488636016846,
0.38108450174331665,
-3.3890976905822754,
2.7162585258483887,
-2.6475534439086914,
0.6365563273429871,
-0.7386045455932617,
-2.617706775665283,
1.6156494617462158,
0.29228588938713074,
2.780222177505493,
-3.087552547454834,
0.15951140224933624
] |
what is this radiation device at my school? | this is the picture i have asked numerous professors over the weeks i've seen it but no one can answer my question _url_0_ | what do the warning tags say? even if they dont have names they might have numbers which could help figuire out what it is. | 2 | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/mXU5g"
] | [] | [
-0.5330206155776978,
0.10577862709760666,
0.1076132282614708,
0.01038968563079834,
0.29478010535240173,
-0.07536940276622772,
0.4318382143974304,
-0.25443512201309204,
0.09679200500249863,
-0.33070188760757446,
0.2869418263435364,
-0.38697636127471924,
0.13161751627922058,
-0.24703925848007202,
-0.008077890612185001,
-0.1145813837647438,
0.16579264402389526,
0.18852189183235168,
-0.14559035003185272,
-0.014444483444094658,
0.5773805975914001,
0.1851843148469925,
-0.04645847901701927,
0.2282361388206482,
0.20133182406425476,
0.05501812323927879,
-0.32479551434516907,
0.43140485882759094,
0.048272546380758286,
0.3602179288864136,
-0.053281862288713455,
0.4181238114833832,
-0.1953202188014984,
-0.008365833200514317,
0.4037686586380005,
0.2551197409629822,
0.053109291940927505,
0.3391367197036743,
-0.12091366201639175,
0.057371240109205246,
0.00033080577850341797,
-0.2536607086658478,
0.09509079903364182,
0.24474625289440155,
-0.16091006994247437,
0.2533111274242401,
-0.011745154857635498,
-0.13455575704574585,
-0.28243622183799744,
0.1999625414609909,
-0.0847817212343216,
0.006059033330529928,
-0.2811906933784485,
-0.1334942877292633,
0.13535816967487335,
-0.3787881135940552,
-0.3221980929374695,
-0.29610732197761536,
-0.10956080257892609,
0.19794036448001862,
-0.18810994923114777,
-0.10782721638679504,
0.358405202627182,
0.17942187190055847,
0.17707960307598114,
0.22545132040977478,
-0.40504634380340576,
0.09733910858631134,
-0.020883498713374138,
-0.15075203776359558,
0.08688168227672577,
-0.23253832757472992,
-0.020834781229496002,
0.04440964385867119,
0.11916076391935349,
0.4627141058444977,
-0.3754601776599884,
0.2239750325679779,
-0.00894760899245739,
0.033261675387620926,
-0.22758954763412476,
-0.2954338490962982,
0.134649857878685,
-0.15296365320682526,
0.04358170926570892,
0.16782133281230927,
0.3357587456703186,
-0.13354475796222687,
0.11536797881126404,
0.2573791444301605,
0.15222425758838654,
-0.28221413493156433,
0.17126883566379547,
0.38485515117645264,
0.019799791276454926,
0.12142714858055115,
-0.11660199612379074,
-0.26471638679504395,
-0.1458512544631958,
-0.06773648411035538,
-0.004213753622025251,
-0.00039636032306589186,
-0.10914067178964615,
0.06788881123065948,
0.042541857808828354,
-0.06425490230321884,
0.07437175512313843,
-0.34838590025901794,
0.09652192890644073,
0.17981086671352386,
0.09359106421470642,
-0.1383095532655716,
-0.10717552155256271,
-0.43647143244743347,
-0.3203788101673126,
-0.2192097306251526,
0.04023747518658638,
-0.253227174282074,
-0.001650027697905898,
-0.019709154963493347,
0.529014527797699,
0.16537153720855713,
0.10850049555301666,
-0.021324926987290382,
0.27332115173339844,
0.19903479516506195,
-0.16694174706935883,
0.09020434319972992,
0.13360697031021118,
0.06286481022834778,
0.27717679738998413,
0.04776890203356743,
0.40104782581329346,
0.29339030385017395,
-0.373236745595932,
-0.07399103790521622,
0.0688352882862091,
0.029567737132310867,
-0.009498870931565762,
-0.1445048302412033,
0.027814066037535667,
0.0853782668709755,
-0.05554225668311119,
0.04185693338513374,
0.21555458009243011,
-0.12687702476978302,
-0.2817353308200836,
-0.3105039894580841,
-0.12134673446416855,
-0.10303594172000885,
-0.15391410887241364,
-0.08966009318828583,
-0.021319570019841194,
0.9624729752540588,
-0.31626665592193604,
0.08021195977926254,
0.19912554323673248,
0.12168518453836441,
0.3957359492778778,
0.005732013378292322,
0.08426101505756378,
0.26214736700057983,
0.284649133682251,
0.3863109350204468,
-0.04592511057853699,
0.014775088056921959,
-0.12256313115358353,
-0.12504270672798157,
-0.1578761637210846,
0.13339470326900482,
-0.25603023171424866,
0.08124195784330368,
-0.11647506803274155,
0.08085004985332489,
0.2469615638256073,
-0.36615118384361267,
0.24278554320335388,
-0.02491997554898262,
0.0914912298321724,
0.10133952647447586,
-0.2701972424983978,
-0.22684453427791595,
-0.1776139885187149,
0.09125709533691406,
-0.4680839776992798,
-0.06616690009832382,
-0.37303897738456726,
-0.3862958252429962,
-0.10680406540632248,
-0.3339574337005615,
-0.08173387497663498,
-0.38782426714897156,
0.3555881977081299,
0.11404397338628769,
0.16349874436855316,
0.07725472748279572,
0.05738425254821777,
0.01441625040024519,
0.1136300191283226,
-0.04264051094651222,
-0.037144020199775696,
0.329008549451828,
-0.4047880470752716,
-0.2713252604007721,
-0.19513845443725586,
0.08191107213497162,
0.027542991563677788,
-0.08146179467439651,
-0.3400345742702484,
-0.12945857644081116,
0.27562758326530457,
0.1786196082830429,
0.04987563565373421,
-0.4357158839702606,
0.17475616931915283,
0.18804466724395752,
-0.6972280144691467,
-0.1353825479745865,
0.06639368087053299,
0.042809393256902695,
-0.08604656159877777,
-0.1422121673822403,
0.08140912652015686,
0.058084871619939804,
-0.3436392843723297,
0.23846350610256195,
-0.2682192027568817,
-0.19431929290294647,
-0.03556584566831589,
0.009216648526489735,
0.21562239527702332,
0.5420873761177063,
0.6323447227478027,
-0.06382326036691666,
-0.42792248725891113,
0.2558630108833313,
-0.5998121500015259,
0.02117304690182209,
0.19518302381038666,
0.0015195031883195043,
-0.2140282839536667,
0.050338223576545715,
-0.1836313158273697,
0.15287527441978455,
0.08925560861825943,
-0.18729785084724426,
-0.3276565968990326,
0.10370589792728424,
-0.06232425570487976,
-0.04052548110485077,
0.11696455627679825,
-0.3835834562778473,
-0.05739476531744003,
-0.13588601350784302,
-0.08392789959907532,
0.19799897074699402,
-0.25007617473602295,
0.508609414100647,
-0.23037263751029968,
-0.4514249265193939,
0.22434432804584503,
-0.6138446927070618,
0.17178140580654144,
-0.24060145020484924,
0.5066714286804199,
0.31260445713996887,
0.10179416835308075,
-0.014064373448491096,
-0.39464932680130005,
-0.18279296159744263,
0.4347620904445648,
-0.303661584854126,
0.22201311588287354,
-0.042343709617853165,
0.15043547749519348,
-0.3758965730667114,
-0.10150270164012909,
0.15414032340049744,
-0.31051144003868103,
-0.13990287482738495,
-0.0703890323638916,
-0.44058093428611755,
0.01273244246840477,
0.3431752026081085,
-0.01986764185130596,
-0.1805804818868637,
0.07693599164485931,
0.029401283711194992,
-0.20669730007648468,
0.040093451738357544,
-0.09952319413423538,
-0.17877213656902313,
-0.10043598711490631,
-0.04735716059803963,
0.22694626450538635,
-0.008961931802332401,
-0.17827558517456055,
-0.28008460998535156,
-0.018151117488741875,
-0.061633720993995667,
-0.26581722497940063,
0.0452941469848156,
0.06418255716562271,
-0.5327697992324829,
0.007554269395768642,
-0.1358383297920227,
-0.3038835823535919,
0.40318208932876587,
0.3215304911136627,
-0.5307040214538574,
0.27117612957954407,
0.28335461020469666,
0.1643078476190567,
0.08419212698936462,
-0.05325249582529068,
0.24063336849212646,
-0.1520317792892456,
0.5330435037612915,
-0.3925831615924835,
0.47717225551605225,
0.2222515046596527,
0.055178411304950714,
0.061393484473228455,
-0.1582248955965042,
-0.0641416534781456,
0.5299990177154541,
-0.29604998230934143,
-0.05776914209127426,
0.024767713621258736,
0.05182180926203728,
0.25282022356987,
0.09461364150047302,
-0.5903085470199585,
-0.6210665702819824,
-0.11892886459827423,
-0.2587261199951172,
-0.3615758419036865,
0.15078046917915344,
-0.08113975077867508,
-0.07301747053861618,
-0.6672959923744202,
0.14521005749702454,
-0.056645698845386505,
0.07073705643415451,
0.13040997087955475,
-0.18670935928821564,
0.11412383615970612,
0.23417288064956665,
-0.09521503001451492,
-0.007638575509190559,
0.28898683190345764,
0.5144111514091492,
0.35058292746543884,
0.17537254095077515,
-0.11564289778470993,
0.34378981590270996,
-0.12951375544071198,
0.09385650604963303,
0.19993676245212555,
0.02208193577826023,
0.21240268647670746,
-0.11099397391080856,
-0.0815790593624115,
0.12626422941684723,
-0.000997074181213975,
0.25389033555984497,
-0.2366606593132019,
-0.37390777468681335,
0.17438191175460815,
-0.4873637855052948,
0.012726778164505959,
-0.3275684416294098,
0.22636917233467102,
0.3733176589012146,
-0.26304566860198975,
-0.08996596932411194,
0.21594755351543427,
-0.04143601283431053,
0.41852888464927673,
0.057153135538101196,
0.02798697166144848,
-0.339507132768631,
-0.10844586789608002,
0.2752929925918579
] |
some appliances' instructions explicitly recommend against wrapping the cable around them. what would happen if i ignore that advice? | this is usually printed on instructions to prevent excessive fatigue/wear on the cord - typical on small appliances like hair dryers. it may also be so that the hot appliance does not melt the insulation on the cord. i found a couple examples where the manufacturer explains this reasoning in the instructions: [point 6 under maintenance instructions of this hair straightener](_url_1_): (also #7 is relevant) [this fan manual has similar instructions](_url_0_) > never wrap the cord tightly around the appliance, as this could place undue stress on the cord where it enters the appliance and cause it to fray and break. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.useandcaremanuals.com/pdf/C163CM155.pdf",
"http://www.costco.com/wcsstore/CostcoUSBCCatalogAssetStore/Attachment/100231340.pdf"
] | [
-1.8038820028305054,
0.6726354956626892,
0.2788439691066742,
-1.0071759223937988,
-0.8941487073898315,
-1.0552418231964111,
0.24003027379512787,
0.43593505024909973,
0.26082929968833923,
-0.3734968304634094,
1.056982159614563,
1.8580513000488281,
-0.8772177696228027,
1.094423770904541,
-0.14217066764831543,
-0.10517574846744537,
0.34714633226394653,
-0.15335434675216675,
0.1379624903202057,
0.34264522790908813,
2.2441370487213135,
0.8618152141571045,
-1.054436206817627,
-0.40745285153388977,
-2.317657232284546,
-0.639589786529541,
-0.6179256439208984,
1.0311479568481445,
0.5734047889709473,
-0.5152358412742615,
-0.7461621761322021,
0.11823731660842896,
0.6036556959152222,
-0.8450050354003906,
0.35220086574554443,
-0.3125256597995758,
-0.40714502334594727,
-1.4392707347869873,
-0.2601320743560791,
-1.1517354249954224,
-0.6739223599433899,
-1.3210698366165161,
-0.3198733627796173,
0.790594756603241,
0.37290385365486145,
1.9054871797561646,
0.7561638951301575,
-1.1876219511032104,
0.672034740447998,
-1.0629369020462036,
-0.2642420530319214,
1.0449670553207397,
0.31884798407554626,
-1.0410457849502563,
-0.5028563737869263,
-0.09739797562360764,
2.022885799407959,
0.6286900639533997,
-2.0688703060150146,
0.43845778703689575,
1.0985935926437378,
-0.3989674150943756,
-0.585731029510498,
0.8572789430618286,
0.02573525905609131,
0.333551824092865,
0.19767913222312927,
-0.8482902646064758,
-0.6966221928596497,
1.1691910028457642,
0.15679943561553955,
-1.9461497068405151,
-1.572981834411621,
0.3276239037513733,
1.5545997619628906,
-0.13040989637374878,
-0.750502347946167,
-0.3837827742099762,
-0.7257065176963806,
-0.7914745807647705,
-1.3351918458938599,
-0.816283643245697,
-0.42939114570617676,
1.2031316757202148,
-0.5814087390899658,
1.4949895143508911,
0.9898421168327332,
-1.1397942304611206,
-0.6004848480224609,
-0.04187409579753876,
-0.14483797550201416,
0.06659865379333496,
0.4893609285354614,
0.12987183034420013,
0.7556353807449341,
-0.4494495391845703,
-0.14966468513011932,
-0.8314262628555298,
-2.956494092941284,
-0.6341639757156372,
-0.3193139433860779,
0.1903167963027954,
-1.890157699584961,
0.7959694266319275,
-0.7761359214782715,
0.3024742603302002,
0.4677520990371704,
0.5679895281791687,
-0.020629070699214935,
-0.7593504190444946,
-0.5801383852958679,
0.38736581802368164,
-0.5858857035636902,
0.4983634948730469,
-0.5000429749488831,
-0.14584872126579285,
0.5785959959030151,
-1.4151344299316406,
-0.3896622061729431,
2.062988758087158,
0.26418033242225647,
-1.2212706804275513,
-0.6622180938720703,
0.21807429194450378,
-0.7762942314147949,
-1.7289247512817383,
0.564186692237854,
0.8334983587265015,
0.5605440139770508,
0.6658896207809448,
0.6702175140380859,
0.01723487302660942,
1.6468664407730103,
0.48749762773513794,
0.18998542428016663,
1.3969286680221558,
1.2001537084579468,
0.03428110107779503,
0.8029491305351257,
-0.00234067440032959,
-0.36260053515434265,
0.7069016098976135,
0.6947227716445923,
-0.9101203680038452,
0.272122859954834,
0.19049453735351562,
-1.6434156894683838,
-1.1362245082855225,
-0.9826771020889282,
-0.539529025554657,
0.918368399143219,
-0.4090072214603424,
1.866257905960083,
0.5175638198852539,
0.4443756937980652,
-0.0657435730099678,
0.45662587881088257,
1.1330320835113525,
0.5337346196174622,
-0.2275223582983017,
-0.6166599988937378,
1.2344343662261963,
-0.7977852821350098,
1.29439115524292,
0.780831515789032,
-0.19283132255077362,
-1.39188551902771,
-0.7052972912788391,
-0.4588674306869507,
-0.5661872029304504,
0.6605287790298462,
0.04843522608280182,
0.6314364671707153,
-0.7642394304275513,
-0.784396767616272,
0.4353843629360199,
-0.2972745895385742,
1.475705623626709,
-0.3736385107040405,
1.430896282196045,
1.4726134538650513,
0.16796991229057312,
-0.17937453091144562,
-1.3175050020217896,
0.3001912832260132,
0.3068132698535919,
0.32027363777160645,
-0.7148484587669373,
-0.4187462031841278,
0.28117114305496216,
-0.26031020283699036,
-0.45117244124412537,
-0.8647403120994568,
0.8055353164672852,
0.6575002074241638,
0.32618236541748047,
-0.771934986114502,
-0.3081943094730377,
-2.148977041244507,
-0.1989344358444214,
-0.534862220287323,
0.1749410778284073,
-0.9256126880645752,
-0.4348227083683014,
-1.4096400737762451,
0.03544605150818825,
-0.04944390803575516,
-1.3373981714248657,
-0.11387050151824951,
0.21684497594833374,
1.6320010423660278,
-1.0991706848144531,
-0.40445178747177124,
-1.0992231369018555,
1.1045246124267578,
1.224604845046997,
-0.1748207062482834,
1.2110705375671387,
0.1109275221824646,
0.11140979826450348,
0.813277006149292,
0.2236739993095398,
0.8240089416503906,
-1.7228097915649414,
-0.7583364248275757,
-1.6080023050308228,
0.5974128246307373,
1.6030970811843872,
-0.04701495170593262,
0.03780851140618324,
-0.24644514918327332,
-0.3108953833580017,
-0.7690552473068237,
1.0513070821762085,
0.7716017365455627,
0.4635450839996338,
-0.4375797510147095,
-0.46892645955085754,
0.47004464268684387,
0.8823195695877075,
-1.6912771463394165,
-1.3603384494781494,
-0.32265976071357727,
1.2732641696929932,
0.7763365507125854,
-0.20539578795433044,
1.4644607305526733,
0.6148722171783447,
-0.06774011254310608,
0.850149393081665,
-1.4736119508743286,
0.9143623113632202,
0.1885295957326889,
1.2593863010406494,
-0.9915237426757812,
0.3267916738986969,
-0.6271164417266846,
1.511502981185913,
-0.2527943551540375,
-0.512924313545227,
-0.5718564987182617,
2.526651620864868,
0.4515664577484131,
-1.1956205368041992,
1.7996307611465454,
-0.12409207224845886,
0.9786651134490967,
0.7440307140350342,
-1.2382676601409912,
-1.40626859664917,
-0.8599900603294373,
-3.0175344944000244,
-1.4988422393798828,
1.0634838342666626,
1.8603968620300293,
-0.2790426015853882,
0.7395600080490112,
0.35228103399276733,
-0.9287264347076416,
0.8153048753738403,
-0.6128301024436951,
-0.47989529371261597,
-0.5370664596557617,
1.571730613708496,
1.6063319444656372,
-0.12841126322746277,
0.47508829832077026,
-1.5608997344970703,
0.9637040495872498,
-1.2821815013885498,
0.30630064010620117,
1.6170941591262817,
1.6409389972686768,
-0.4247215688228607,
1.1322944164276123,
1.280893325805664,
0.7021173238754272,
-0.7583361864089966,
-0.6081763505935669,
-0.3902026414871216,
0.2864994704723358,
-2.508441925048828,
-1.8306262493133545,
0.7156155705451965,
0.6425377726554871,
-0.32889869809150696,
-0.2194012999534607,
1.0705537796020508,
0.5355383157730103,
-2.4804961681365967,
-0.5182457566261292,
2.0045557022094727,
-0.29651936888694763,
0.1521291881799698,
-1.0142441987991333,
2.1287574768066406,
-0.4995884895324707,
2.135446548461914,
-0.6531724333763123,
0.3951796591281891,
-0.25484228134155273,
-0.2575085163116455,
1.345359444618225,
-0.6844404339790344,
-0.05706550180912018,
-0.021785899996757507,
-0.18130970001220703,
-0.14147527515888214,
-1.0367954969406128,
-0.46261972188949585,
0.5046259164810181,
0.60419762134552,
0.6380318403244019,
-0.6245179772377014,
-0.23849567770957947,
1.4701122045516968,
-1.1787972450256348,
0.19258752465248108,
-0.352260559797287,
-0.5849622488021851,
-0.4650062918663025,
0.056055620312690735,
0.03793965280056,
0.7373268604278564,
-0.9308260679244995,
-0.8157768249511719,
-0.3036160469055176,
1.3684049844741821,
0.6230601668357849,
-0.07138967514038086,
0.26032397150993347,
0.9024226665496826,
1.1064679622650146,
0.6047109961509705,
-0.9320034980773926,
0.036333173513412476,
-0.10068485140800476,
0.24126051366329193,
1.557427167892456,
0.8360648155212402,
0.5710746645927429,
-2.228468179702759,
-1.8209459781646729,
1.8353712558746338,
0.2306469827890396,
0.5463285446166992,
1.4838937520980835,
0.3554283678531647,
-3.083743095397949,
2.3516407012939453,
1.3696963787078857,
0.9118438363075256,
0.571820855140686,
0.1638687551021576,
-0.7025101184844971,
-1.8098399639129639,
0.7112784385681152,
0.5894504189491272,
-0.08692649751901627,
0.5829793214797974,
-0.9270814061164856,
0.44502460956573486,
2.129962205886841,
1.1012746095657349
] |
|
can anyone explain to me the weird nuclear spins of isotopes of cobalt? | so the "rule of thumb" for most atoms is that an odd number of nucleons results in a non-zero nuclear spin. and an even-number of nucleons results in spin 0. for the non-zero nuclear spins, they will take on spin 1/2 or spin 3/2 depending on the number of neutrons. {insert hand-waving explanations involving pairing up and cancelling out and so on} then we get to cobalt. regardless of the atomic number of the nucleus, the isotopes of cobalt range over weird values , such as spin 5, spin 4, and even spin 7/2 what the heck is going on there? | your "rule of thumb" is incomplete. if there is an equal number of protons and neutrons the nuclear spin is 0. if the total nucleons is odd then it has half integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc.). if both the neutrons and protons are odd in number then it has integer spin (1, 2, etc.). so for two isotopes of cobalt: a=56, z=27, so 29 neutrons (both odd in number) and it has a spin of 4 (integer) a=57, z=27, so 30 neutrons (total is odd) and it has a spin of 7/2 (half integer) | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.webelements.com/iodine/isotopes.html"
] | [
-1.4809479713439941,
-0.15636500716209412,
0.8877843618392944,
0.35593777894973755,
-1.1205925941467285,
-1.2220326662063599,
0.24469518661499023,
1.0637179613113403,
1.4311193227767944,
-1.0523223876953125,
1.137144684791565,
-0.7201305627822876,
0.03172165900468826,
-0.7127093076705933,
0.7261651754379272,
-1.0739625692367554,
-1.7004467248916626,
-0.7137891054153442,
-0.9342965483665466,
0.2644478380680084,
-1.2498656511306763,
-1.5718884468078613,
-0.20326738059520721,
-0.26418501138687134,
0.31423282623291016,
0.37834036350250244,
0.13934046030044556,
1.0781036615371704,
-0.5288813710212708,
0.7797261476516724,
-0.0513523668050766,
0.8110331892967224,
1.3754005432128906,
-0.4073815941810608,
0.5027073621749878,
-0.8436745405197144,
-0.21183374524116516,
-0.0737348198890686,
-0.7194352149963379,
0.16309277713298798,
-0.25994521379470825,
0.6298173666000366,
1.5983418226242065,
0.684558629989624,
-0.35960447788238525,
1.520729899406433,
-0.05664356052875519,
0.3796420693397522,
0.2098085582256317,
-0.19525089859962463,
-0.09701596945524216,
0.1525980532169342,
-0.3474683165550232,
0.20668925344944,
-0.6392735242843628,
-0.9927393198013306,
1.233973741531372,
-0.45432382822036743,
0.5976519584655762,
-0.617095410823822,
0.8446016907691956,
-0.8897725939750671,
0.7504227161407471,
-0.6256277561187744,
2.4427225589752197,
-0.1582350730895996,
0.77818363904953,
-0.9460505843162537,
-0.5035139918327332,
1.6546049118041992,
0.260333776473999,
0.9262474179267883,
-0.11734075844287872,
1.1080325841903687,
-0.3992863893508911,
-0.2647770345211029,
0.33259618282318115,
1.748133897781372,
0.08185639977455139,
-0.32490667700767517,
-2.3206403255462646,
-1.712133526802063,
0.2130693942308426,
-1.214373230934143,
-0.19242073595523834,
0.5282251238822937,
-0.12872789800167084,
1.4985049962997437,
1.6952570676803589,
0.7144386172294617,
-0.574210524559021,
0.3269672989845276,
0.12535573542118073,
0.1407335102558136,
0.4289099872112274,
1.6408644914627075,
1.5109249353408813,
-0.8574169278144836,
-0.6224320530891418,
0.4693869948387146,
1.249760627746582,
0.7668906450271606,
-1.4155775308609009,
0.4669632315635681,
-0.07378163933753967,
0.8536844253540039,
-0.21875311434268951,
0.6148130893707275,
-0.39921966195106506,
0.11340276151895523,
1.0264902114868164,
-1.5495238304138184,
1.502485752105713,
-0.515925943851471,
0.7534054517745972,
-0.8868545889854431,
1.7394002676010132,
1.2596628665924072,
-1.1374744176864624,
0.054334089159965515,
0.33191877603530884,
-0.15694475173950195,
0.6466260552406311,
0.5840805768966675,
0.09532143175601959,
-1.0762044191360474,
-0.5652774572372437,
0.2592109143733978,
0.0724027156829834,
1.1613173484802246,
1.3443500995635986,
-0.9734541177749634,
-1.2087492942810059,
0.4397495985031128,
-0.8836613893508911,
0.6317270398139954,
1.071422815322876,
-0.19651712477207184,
-0.07014500349760056,
0.5107699036598206,
1.852858543395996,
-1.9595046043395996,
-1.3198134899139404,
-0.23493421077728271,
1.7786227464675903,
-0.14092467725276947,
-0.7779077291488647,
1.014466643333435,
-0.20063677430152893,
0.29362744092941284,
-0.05367697775363922,
-0.38742634654045105,
0.3460257947444916,
-0.010151410475373268,
0.29032185673713684,
-1.1143685579299927,
0.1760319322347641,
-0.6710573434829712,
-0.09979820251464844,
-0.24576357007026672,
-0.06268709152936935,
0.1490612030029297,
0.6180161237716675,
-0.02061671018600464,
0.37054768204689026,
0.9708101749420166,
0.44460055232048035,
-0.7999945878982544,
0.4817088842391968,
-0.6557547450065613,
0.5190582871437073,
-0.08528109639883041,
1.5063951015472412,
-0.5973501801490784,
0.22600606083869934,
-0.8173285722732544,
-0.5571925640106201,
0.08394817262887955,
0.05212376266717911,
1.4651380777359009,
0.11392007023096085,
-0.08764737844467163,
1.9613571166992188,
1.0777217149734497,
0.6711933612823486,
0.5324263572692871,
-0.7898893356323242,
0.1066039577126503,
-0.15826651453971863,
0.13445879518985748,
0.5930744409561157,
-0.060343462973833084,
-1.414163589477539,
0.19635775685310364,
-1.8155198097229004,
-1.9130043983459473,
-0.7347867488861084,
1.3807604312896729,
-0.32647308707237244,
0.4554016888141632,
0.28574034571647644,
-0.12419798225164413,
0.9989793300628662,
-0.3575677275657654,
-0.04851803183555603,
-1.8639816045761108,
0.5057135820388794,
0.1804928481578827,
-2.4826724529266357,
1.1877506971359253,
-0.4919869303703308,
-2.4662015438079834,
-0.813490629196167,
-0.02919524535536766,
-0.7827853560447693,
-0.07211863249540329,
-0.173062264919281,
-1.051639437675476,
0.9587922096252441,
-0.8797817826271057,
0.5401691198348999,
-0.15065857768058777,
0.13630911707878113,
-0.002526668831706047,
-1.7258315086364746,
-0.8765320777893066,
-1.0661956071853638,
-0.4832057058811188,
0.009680986404418945,
-0.4409855604171753,
0.5248312950134277,
0.37124040722846985,
-0.25714725255966187,
0.5033291578292847,
1.9293367862701416,
-0.43072885274887085,
-2.1035642623901367,
0.08771276473999023,
1.3321375846862793,
0.43968674540519714,
0.6453852653503418,
0.48395034670829773,
1.5943551063537598,
0.25649136304855347,
-0.13594315946102142,
0.5056041479110718,
0.6712269186973572,
0.44077935814857483,
0.13232913613319397,
-0.23069711029529572,
-0.33685311675071716,
-1.746490240097046,
0.8235569000244141,
0.16520671546459198,
0.8102725744247437,
-0.4874037206172943,
1.2739046812057495,
0.3633820116519928,
-0.5754381418228149,
-0.8852461576461792,
0.005875006318092346,
-1.2089617252349854,
-0.20738549530506134,
-1.0679640769958496,
-0.7758786678314209,
0.5677520632743835,
0.9371249675750732,
1.0084490776062012,
-1.7844645977020264,
0.0614667609333992,
2.225829839706421,
1.2737538814544678,
0.3828977644443512,
-0.8925952315330505,
1.214585542678833,
-1.8390729427337646,
0.36510658264160156,
-0.3053208887577057,
-0.7255136966705322,
-0.4383377432823181,
-1.2075872421264648,
1.1025774478912354,
0.16054673492908478,
-0.32369986176490784,
0.19446143507957458,
-0.6757810115814209,
0.5993115901947021,
-0.5451698303222656,
-0.10192761570215225,
-0.6339219212532043,
-0.8718249797821045,
1.6762127876281738,
-0.6066150665283203,
-0.7739424109458923,
-0.5111573338508606,
1.449155330657959,
-1.4931405782699585,
-1.256079912185669,
0.20606280863285065,
0.20069502294063568,
1.3858222961425781,
-1.503003716468811,
-1.1564831733703613,
-1.404545545578003,
-0.700057864189148,
0.7520666718482971,
-0.31110167503356934,
1.193178653717041,
0.2473900318145752,
-2.223810911178589,
-0.9050775766372681,
-0.33966630697250366,
1.2365365028381348,
0.3575233221054077,
-0.09394710510969162,
0.4080553650856018,
0.8927874565124512,
0.15964676439762115,
1.4341129064559937,
0.8038257360458374,
1.017366886138916,
-1.5693076848983765,
-0.6461588144302368,
-0.3405994474887848,
0.901435911655426,
-0.13708056509494781,
-0.26441821455955505,
-3.0181164741516113,
-0.5265771150588989,
0.6323158144950867,
0.30128389596939087,
-0.18759000301361084,
0.6366778612136841,
-1.536346435546875,
1.6027336120605469,
0.13317444920539856,
-0.24055251479148865,
-0.49642932415008545,
-0.1331855058670044,
0.7959011793136597,
-0.41268259286880493,
-1.262996792793274,
0.2674068212509155,
0.8445730805397034,
0.12173417210578918,
0.21057909727096558,
0.8121601343154907,
-0.8520634770393372,
-1.1600743532180786,
-0.7547844052314758,
-0.7303159832954407,
0.20129969716072083,
1.6990069150924683,
0.011134356260299683,
0.9033811092376709,
-0.057431116700172424,
-0.2869904041290283,
0.5063343048095703,
0.4804706573486328,
-0.6861377954483032,
-1.7714922428131104,
0.016050219535827637,
-0.6750679016113281,
0.8154103755950928,
-1.1318093538284302,
0.1693917214870453,
-0.7653660774230957,
-1.0300204753875732,
-0.5024924278259277,
-0.7185989022254944,
-0.34952130913734436,
0.5816598534584045,
0.7278301119804382,
-0.6039802432060242,
0.6524524092674255,
-0.25855615735054016,
0.17074516415596008,
-0.3119531571865082,
-1.180330753326416,
0.4716883599758148,
1.240159034729004,
0.21006366610527039,
1.0667263269424438,
-0.34142816066741943
] |
orca whale color scheme | why is it that orcas all have a very similiar color pattern? dogs of the same breed may look similiar, but don't have the same spots. every orca i've ever seen looks the same. | dogs have been selectively bred by humans specifically to look different from each other. people like variety, and exaggerate it in dogs. people haven't been breeding killer whales to all look really different, so they pretty much all look similar (in a broad sense). | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.4998759627342224,
0.454028457403183,
0.380434513092041,
0.2698935270309448,
-0.2957819700241089,
-0.4763987362384796,
-0.19476744532585144,
-0.7707521319389343,
0.2996269464492798,
0.23497915267944336,
0.4905094504356384,
-1.0227423906326294,
-0.13189613819122314,
-0.6566253900527954,
0.18468636274337769,
-0.34933480620384216,
0.3296523690223694,
-0.5453590154647827,
-0.44786959886550903,
0.07781046628952026,
-0.6212380528450012,
0.4736989736557007,
-0.15591907501220703,
-0.2333751916885376,
-0.44912606477737427,
-0.6079697012901306,
-0.2951841354370117,
-0.37789595127105713,
0.24368327856063843,
-0.588727593421936,
-0.07429690659046173,
0.42219817638397217,
0.5572162866592407,
-0.5138369202613831,
-0.8384843468666077,
-0.09655287861824036,
0.379676878452301,
0.10382683575153351,
-0.20873215794563293,
1.1524136066436768,
-0.1328766942024231,
0.42799055576324463,
0.4811228811740875,
0.1319892555475235,
-0.26496878266334534,
0.05649573355913162,
-0.07880398631095886,
-0.4547102451324463,
-0.5627983212471008,
0.03750380873680115,
-0.4380306601524353,
-0.667791485786438,
-1.077610731124878,
-0.10990172624588013,
-0.21685418486595154,
0.36884838342666626,
-0.37086084485054016,
0.44922465085983276,
0.11591678857803345,
-1.0391836166381836,
0.10627918690443039,
0.6828701496124268,
-0.21196281909942627,
1.1833851337432861,
0.6141829490661621,
0.2671147882938385,
-0.02185845375061035,
0.21915894746780396,
-0.2417680025100708,
-0.08329203724861145,
0.8143149018287659,
0.41224002838134766,
0.10731136798858643,
0.17517703771591187,
-0.5143276453018188,
0.5546812415122986,
0.28446564078330994,
0.38794076442718506,
1.189788579940796,
-1.003510594367981,
-0.676171600818634,
-0.08760076761245728,
-0.5670574903488159,
0.2556183636188507,
0.8046648502349854,
0.11771510541439056,
-0.4909621775150299,
-0.707146167755127,
-0.946110725402832,
0.4869057536125183,
-0.2796003520488739,
-1.1309269666671753,
-0.05068214237689972,
-0.6039687395095825,
-0.022774070501327515,
0.6651015877723694,
-0.04507068544626236,
0.12130323052406311,
0.5600814819335938,
0.8406980037689209,
-0.3791801929473877,
0.6335999369621277,
-0.2548914849758148,
-0.11680367588996887,
-0.09900212287902832,
-0.4147781431674957,
-0.9002364873886108,
-0.07918782532215118,
0.20898590981960297,
-0.011388421058654785,
-0.4286622405052185,
-0.320553183555603,
0.14304864406585693,
-0.5932986736297607,
-0.5624995231628418,
-0.29008302092552185,
-1.6223359107971191,
-0.5102908611297607,
0.6194316744804382,
-0.4550509750843048,
0.5387176275253296,
-0.3751673400402069,
0.9473135471343994,
0.13700009882450104,
0.9517044425010681,
-0.18678729236125946,
-0.5541175603866577,
0.8266526460647583,
-0.1977565735578537,
-0.37605178356170654,
0.5757906436920166,
-0.04425555467605591,
0.11733700335025787,
0.09767729043960571,
-0.14022955298423767,
-0.29526790976524353,
-0.07124166190624237,
0.16376221179962158,
-0.18766863644123077,
1.0214182138442993,
0.36249905824661255,
0.08124290406703949,
0.6154382228851318,
0.7455649971961975,
-0.9432436227798462,
0.30158835649490356,
0.20051288604736328,
0.5770229697227478,
0.21033823490142822,
0.5210838913917542,
-0.24875232577323914,
-0.20657582581043243,
-0.13373608887195587,
-0.39124420285224915,
-0.26565706729888916,
-0.37946486473083496,
-0.11610904335975647,
0.4628928601741791,
0.2780297100543976,
0.6318985819816589,
-0.1879250407218933,
0.25671976804733276,
-0.186926007270813,
-0.44861385226249695,
0.6309406757354736,
-0.041007786989212036,
-0.31601837277412415,
-0.7279995083808899,
1.304598331451416,
0.11766386032104492,
0.3716163635253906,
0.2882115840911865,
1.0380042791366577,
0.2884654104709625,
0.5131372213363647,
-0.39910855889320374,
-0.9807005524635315,
0.6609179973602295,
0.47140735387802124,
0.6423536539077759,
0.2822968065738678,
-0.09708750247955322,
0.19037778675556183,
0.1589193493127823,
-0.6430420279502869,
0.8485391736030579,
-1.2696809768676758,
0.4364641606807709,
-0.6335026025772095,
0.37143146991729736,
1.0011811256408691,
0.4792119264602661,
-0.27473151683807373,
-0.1879352629184723,
-0.10670095682144165,
-0.14512723684310913,
-0.012597888708114624,
0.7360769510269165,
0.4777534306049347,
0.1995934545993805,
-1.802634835243225,
-0.7584528923034668,
0.18158146739006042,
-0.4629993438720703,
0.4947618544101715,
-0.28010010719299316,
0.111611008644104,
-0.005221709609031677,
-0.3655245304107666,
0.8718339800834656,
-1.082568645477295,
-0.15514394640922546,
-0.7909715175628662,
0.620665431022644,
0.7016345262527466,
-0.27758991718292236,
0.5800544619560242,
-0.29142341017723083,
0.22179055213928223,
0.48680150508880615,
0.20576365292072296,
-1.0598891973495483,
0.20874875783920288,
-1.1349035501480103,
-0.2812218964099884,
-0.5756353139877319,
-0.3375915288925171,
-0.03373110294342041,
-0.6568653583526611,
0.146993488073349,
0.46650463342666626,
0.5624247789382935,
0.2727593183517456,
-0.40501782298088074,
-0.5070081949234009,
-0.009002012200653553,
1.6704566478729248,
0.19606059789657593,
0.7188044786453247,
-0.6228433847427368,
0.23088344931602478,
0.6495398283004761,
-0.014074504375457764,
-0.43476980924606323,
0.30299073457717896,
0.5467710494995117,
-0.24162504076957703,
-0.12916353344917297,
-0.4071735739707947,
0.5784111022949219,
-1.060383677482605,
0.8846361637115479,
-0.4394320845603943,
-0.560688316822052,
-0.7286412715911865,
-0.19068419933319092,
-0.8038411140441895,
0.37370240688323975,
-0.35227566957473755,
1.275025486946106,
0.47899505496025085,
0.046797990798950195,
-0.5536867380142212,
-0.7823114395141602,
-0.15101680159568787,
-0.3832358419895172,
-0.9687096476554871,
0.3118109703063965,
-0.18116000294685364,
1.1003797054290771,
-0.4677610397338867,
-0.18371887505054474,
0.9460397958755493,
-0.47517848014831543,
-0.35910576581954956,
0.8849464654922485,
-0.3883886933326721,
-0.8245512247085571,
-0.6907147169113159,
-0.48199397325515747,
-0.4777087867259979,
-1.2787063121795654,
0.09321564435958862,
0.7496815919876099,
0.3674529194831848,
-0.14404651522636414,
-0.417197048664093,
0.689541757106781,
-0.3134874701499939,
-0.8283284306526184,
0.2250012457370758,
1.1160802841186523,
-1.0210771560668945,
-0.38393500447273254,
0.7109371423721313,
-0.645969033241272,
-1.4188227653503418,
0.4516209363937378,
0.603530764579773,
0.0022380053997039795,
0.45163360238075256,
-0.4972549378871918,
0.3505484163761139,
1.343630313873291,
-0.9277111291885376,
-0.6279311776161194,
0.6205278635025024,
0.9992377758026123,
0.3858560025691986,
0.9125088453292847,
-1.0050437450408936,
0.05719268321990967,
0.9108350276947021,
0.8558582663536072,
-0.2444278597831726,
0.04211680591106415,
0.2403404414653778,
-0.5313907861709595,
0.11489951610565186,
0.2738046944141388,
0.3404175341129303,
-0.25564640760421753,
0.673149049282074,
1.0443572998046875,
-0.4493918716907501,
-0.8284186720848083,
-1.0010855197906494,
-0.1842036247253418,
-1.0684740543365479,
0.06631115078926086,
-1.0268137454986572,
0.5427345037460327,
-0.34085613489151,
0.2526344358921051,
0.9419096112251282,
1.3056890964508057,
-0.7250783443450928,
0.4541177451610565,
-0.5630722641944885,
0.2978128492832184,
-0.20138880610466003,
0.8572008013725281,
0.35669976472854614,
0.22234901785850525,
-0.8964967727661133,
0.12767213582992554,
0.5181390047073364,
-0.7671251893043518,
-0.7383344769477844,
1.0856231451034546,
-0.47373178601264954,
1.000000238418579,
-0.5106594562530518,
-0.5568337440490723,
1.6104185581207275,
-0.5771069526672363,
0.15147680044174194,
0.22616839408874512,
1.1063220500946045,
-0.4955390691757202,
0.15233753621578217,
0.7172654867172241,
0.4156453311443329,
0.8099050521850586,
0.82249915599823,
0.20106513798236847,
0.8397624492645264,
0.08196000754833221,
0.23569267988204956,
-0.21383924782276154,
0.08153421431779861,
0.15717758238315582,
-0.9079318046569824,
-0.6971994042396545,
-0.9364652633666992,
-0.25342878699302673,
-0.2002720981836319,
-0.26391905546188354,
-0.07947075366973877,
0.9354573488235474,
0.5602470636367798,
-0.5879516005516052,
0.5704920887947083,
0.5120497345924377
] |
is this "sun-flipping" scenario as important as the media is making it seem? | over the past couple of days, i have noticed news stories cropping up about the sun's magnetic field 'flipping' over. it appears to an uneducated person (like myself) that it's probably being blown unnecessarily out of proportion. is it that important, or is the media just sensationalising it all? | this happens every ~11 years and it happens over the course of months. it *can* increase the chances of solar flares, but for the most part you have nothing to worry about unless you have a heliocentric satellite floating around. | 14 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.01761612296104431,
-0.0012968089431524277,
0.5055989027023315,
-0.316033273935318,
0.13147051632404327,
-0.4328828454017639,
-0.4580841660499573,
-0.4045540988445282,
-0.04843929037451744,
-0.09082261472940445,
0.5376198887825012,
0.7289280295372009,
-0.04042910784482956,
-0.5370999574661255,
0.37775540351867676,
-0.2986975908279419,
-0.16605035960674286,
-0.7227795124053955,
-1.0171602964401245,
0.1710708886384964,
-0.5027535557746887,
-0.6456427574157715,
-0.3889012336730957,
-0.12211590260267258,
-0.5065480470657349,
0.2874978184700012,
-0.058446004986763,
-0.20509076118469238,
-0.17418824136257172,
-0.03541146218776703,
0.016393080353736877,
0.02671162784099579,
-0.5793338418006897,
-0.09181506931781769,
0.15841814875602722,
0.009220445528626442,
-0.2825276553630829,
0.19502964615821838,
-0.4444291591644287,
-0.5846865177154541,
0.1114121749997139,
-0.952918291091919,
0.2920795977115631,
0.44967031478881836,
0.008479006588459015,
0.322222501039505,
-0.0026403404772281647,
-0.2748115360736847,
-0.023708777502179146,
0.08972245454788208,
-0.2451147884130478,
-0.3892848491668701,
0.21831533312797546,
-0.5607997179031372,
-0.13977712392807007,
0.13381409645080566,
-0.10413485765457153,
-0.32483530044555664,
0.0336909294128418,
-0.3646095097064972,
-0.2426857054233551,
-0.3929486572742462,
0.24171273410320282,
-0.05878119170665741,
0.5244223475456238,
0.11204932630062103,
0.006889700889587402,
-0.39721399545669556,
0.37115439772605896,
0.7917652726173401,
-0.1785225123167038,
0.5063846111297607,
-0.3293072283267975,
-0.512787938117981,
0.2582719922065735,
-0.03566046059131622,
0.5031365752220154,
0.21939249336719513,
0.35093578696250916,
0.05799040198326111,
0.6756099462509155,
0.2600061297416687,
-0.449313223361969,
-0.36157652735710144,
0.28502824902534485,
0.26234573125839233,
-0.0012937411665916443,
0.3993566334247589,
0.1715097576379776,
-0.07839946448802948,
-0.7313413619995117,
0.29957666993141174,
-0.34447136521339417,
-0.25249776244163513,
-0.7666393518447876,
0.5865644216537476,
0.18707215785980225,
-0.7320745587348938,
-0.3156265318393707,
-0.06902250647544861,
-0.012280121445655823,
-0.7732092142105103,
-0.6296085715293884,
1.255464792251587,
-0.18703702092170715,
0.30182647705078125,
0.29637569189071655,
0.16285046935081482,
-0.5992436408996582,
-0.12684927880764008,
0.06468074768781662,
-0.019292980432510376,
0.4080471396446228,
-0.8298436403274536,
-0.34543776512145996,
0.09955647587776184,
-0.00004692375659942627,
0.449998676776886,
-0.2296808362007141,
-0.47054171562194824,
-0.271605908870697,
0.16167035698890686,
0.4068920910358429,
0.5708858966827393,
0.4406098425388336,
-0.08203703165054321,
0.6412060856819153,
0.39951473474502563,
-0.05421295017004013,
0.14398062229156494,
0.16442924737930298,
-0.2510845363140106,
-0.3047597110271454,
0.3696763813495636,
-0.009288974106311798,
0.45639705657958984,
0.5042400360107422,
-0.5942699313163757,
0.23249554634094238,
0.2705256938934326,
0.4882664680480957,
0.38243383169174194,
0.5875869989395142,
-0.41506046056747437,
0.8470911979675293,
0.4292249083518982,
0.5435138940811157,
-0.32123589515686035,
-0.27870240807533264,
-0.9899799823760986,
-0.34316807985305786,
-0.2621857523918152,
0.3022472560405731,
0.28503501415252686,
0.25285717844963074,
0.6474826335906982,
-0.7017197012901306,
0.24545161426067352,
0.0679476410150528,
-0.2150251269340515,
-0.6034581661224365,
-0.031207971274852753,
-0.3915129601955414,
0.21376723051071167,
-0.7287663221359253,
0.30356213450431824,
0.015002697706222534,
0.05923501402139664,
-0.46645811200141907,
0.27484849095344543,
-0.5436631441116333,
0.08461599797010422,
-0.1654321253299713,
-0.21903684735298157,
0.739818811416626,
-0.17417404055595398,
-0.05370976775884628,
-0.0808124840259552,
0.010152489878237247,
0.3586510419845581,
-0.24315790832042694,
-0.26367026567459106,
0.6446337103843689,
0.4754232168197632,
0.20077697932720184,
-0.6708765029907227,
-0.02311953529715538,
-0.5183523893356323,
0.5519273281097412,
-1.5466400384902954,
-0.13937348127365112,
-0.26942184567451477,
0.17177200317382812,
0.6222065687179565,
0.20424355566501617,
0.34883007407188416,
-1.0172152519226074,
-0.2965598404407501,
0.14632366597652435,
-0.11594290286302567,
-0.29411521553993225,
-0.832300066947937,
-0.12000104039907455,
-0.1411844789981842,
0.18745796382427216,
-0.18693141639232635,
-0.10490462929010391,
0.6189982891082764,
-0.632988691329956,
-0.5239604115486145,
0.3613888621330261,
-0.06978000700473785,
-0.18790030479431152,
0.20400182902812958,
0.43138962984085083,
0.9850651025772095,
-0.48663926124572754,
-0.743815541267395,
0.464191198348999,
-0.6105334758758545,
0.8004940152168274,
0.12193675339221954,
-0.30767980217933655,
-0.2844121754169464,
-0.5458939075469971,
-0.29714909195899963,
0.22964908182621002,
-0.1805616319179535,
0.6363580226898193,
0.6723920106887817,
0.06907311081886292,
0.4149162471294403,
-0.19574695825576782,
0.48544710874557495,
-0.11558112502098083,
-0.2861112952232361,
-0.1109304130077362,
-0.6415722370147705,
0.14914274215698242,
0.36281609535217285,
-0.2119935303926468,
0.5539829730987549,
-0.1264258325099945,
0.1481477916240692,
0.24550746381282806,
0.12524212896823883,
-0.07866422832012177,
-0.33714261651039124,
-0.05516950041055679,
0.1361873745918274,
0.1302064061164856,
-0.37385690212249756,
-0.018098432570695877,
0.5047811269760132,
-0.27817341685295105,
0.21661467850208282,
-0.3710448145866394,
-0.12378842383623123,
0.05533411353826523,
0.29726770520210266,
-0.1810562163591385,
-0.33698445558547974,
-0.38273218274116516,
-0.2600606083869934,
-0.21744877099990845,
0.3899323046207428,
0.49134892225265503,
0.37328004837036133,
-0.32274380326271057,
0.20231640338897705,
0.4429769515991211,
0.8997069597244263,
-0.022841285914182663,
0.25359150767326355,
-0.2275584638118744,
0.1096726506948471,
-0.1817169189453125,
0.20942507684230804,
0.14282500743865967,
0.5471043586730957,
-0.17456971108913422,
0.12272810935974121,
0.14284199476242065,
-0.2301376909017563,
0.6942940354347229,
-0.5410733819007874,
0.022748194634914398,
0.07771535217761993,
0.4095112681388855,
0.16551263630390167,
0.4187084436416626,
0.5182451009750366,
0.35943594574928284,
0.377485454082489,
0.8120185136795044,
-0.39081868529319763,
-1.3332452774047852,
-0.12031330168247223,
0.09779044985771179,
0.018236935138702393,
0.5653441548347473,
0.18540620803833008,
-0.2828723192214966,
0.2459421157836914,
-0.9464216828346252,
-0.08360852301120758,
0.12953557074069977,
-0.18368226289749146,
0.04388292506337166,
-0.49291759729385376,
-0.10174323618412018,
-1.0400168895721436,
0.34616827964782715,
0.6282803416252136,
-0.40273696184158325,
0.4934943616390228,
-0.6442223787307739,
0.43445712327957153,
0.18785862624645233,
0.00915587693452835,
0.5378598570823669,
-0.21092325448989868,
0.10120080411434174,
-0.17727400362491608,
-0.3555300235748291,
-0.21434782445430756,
0.9505425691604614,
0.33088088035583496,
0.05465784668922424,
0.03725418448448181,
0.18433600664138794,
0.29987311363220215,
0.41819074749946594,
-0.408066987991333,
-0.07350042462348938,
0.09795346856117249,
0.3274889886379242,
-0.14677026867866516,
-0.31328487396240234,
0.7473106384277344,
-0.6748125553131104,
0.3186996877193451,
0.4842102825641632,
-0.33960968255996704,
0.44593286514282227,
0.32563936710357666,
0.4713628888130188,
0.3673883080482483,
0.05065193772315979,
0.044343993067741394,
-0.3128161132335663,
-0.9876275062561035,
0.22479209303855896,
0.02427193522453308,
-0.38713955879211426,
-0.20326822996139526,
-0.42040589451789856,
-0.2435131072998047,
0.44230377674102783,
0.5402974486351013,
0.3501266837120056,
0.8988392353057861,
0.21304228901863098,
0.7208608388900757,
-0.5435080528259277,
0.4407562017440796,
-0.11956069618463516,
-0.44840025901794434,
-0.17051759362220764,
0.5774545073509216,
0.08907114714384079,
0.04858481138944626,
0.3749502897262573,
-0.5724430084228516,
-0.6488975882530212,
-0.040723659098148346,
-0.10828648507595062,
0.18007180094718933,
0.21134474873542786,
-0.2789129316806793,
0.033760324120521545,
0.268726110458374,
-0.4858042299747467,
0.2623169720172882
] |
is micro clustered water bogus? | saw something new in my fridge called clusterx2 - label says something about water clusters that hydrate you better. quick online research said that the "science" behind this is that micro clusters of water get absorbed better than tap water (that comes in bigger molecule clusters apparently?). can't seem to find a reliable source either way though - so does anyone know more about this stuff? | this is pseudoscience, and appears to be a variant of homeopathy. [this web page by retired chemistry professor stephen lower](_url_0_) highlights some of the "unfounded, misleading, or scientifically absurd" claims made in the patents on which "clustered water" products are based. | 41 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.chem1.com/CQ/clusterpats.html"
] | [
-1.865549087524414,
-0.3235216438770294,
-0.5278365015983582,
-0.20265178382396698,
0.12117250263690948,
-0.5576103925704956,
0.2124803066253662,
0.17467395961284637,
0.400961309671402,
-0.6204664707183838,
0.31896960735321045,
0.08173757791519165,
0.06537093222141266,
0.22287961840629578,
-0.23281021416187286,
0.5304516553878784,
-0.45309099555015564,
-0.2253444790840149,
-0.2880864143371582,
0.673208475112915,
0.866017758846283,
0.8225576281547546,
-0.7268633246421814,
0.3429521322250366,
-0.7156887650489807,
0.6623932719230652,
-0.29477566480636597,
-0.5818812847137451,
-0.1533273160457611,
-0.16331398487091064,
0.48430028557777405,
1.0804224014282227,
-0.15477705001831055,
-0.2918739318847656,
0.8103318214416504,
-0.32625719904899597,
-0.1669226437807083,
0.16619963943958282,
-0.03281140327453613,
0.4390111565589905,
0.49078407883644104,
-0.8313965201377869,
0.022701960057020187,
0.2870134711265564,
-0.3359130024909973,
0.5702250003814697,
0.002720627933740616,
0.2614046335220337,
-0.5833276510238647,
0.22871698439121246,
-0.7269894480705261,
-0.6170408129692078,
-0.7375723123550415,
-0.31590330600738525,
-0.1544775813817978,
-0.7952468991279602,
-0.2096492201089859,
-0.7557721138000488,
-0.4912087619304657,
-0.3322315216064453,
0.9658065438270569,
-0.9302918910980225,
-0.7092050313949585,
0.9355455040931702,
1.1400269269943237,
0.8683974146842957,
0.1959739327430725,
0.14755968749523163,
0.03310316801071167,
0.017220526933670044,
0.1786055862903595,
0.3747650384902954,
0.045693039894104004,
0.607444703578949,
0.6328161954879761,
-0.6652845144271851,
-0.757853627204895,
0.031223446130752563,
-0.3470362722873688,
-0.391221821308136,
-0.205455482006073,
-0.8516793847084045,
0.07668864727020264,
0.1893385350704193,
-0.3458952307701111,
0.5650781393051147,
0.3312579393386841,
0.07402931153774261,
-0.06283889710903168,
-0.5592435598373413,
-0.643926203250885,
-0.14864400029182434,
0.608213484287262,
-0.24143466353416443,
-0.6477982997894287,
0.6832101345062256,
-0.6154134273529053,
-0.8828362822532654,
0.8524156808853149,
-0.09870821237564087,
-0.6907784342765808,
0.2644009292125702,
-0.6087744235992432,
-1.2440099716186523,
-0.009653374552726746,
-1.086707592010498,
0.4327904284000397,
0.8914037346839905,
1.0395927429199219,
0.2976088523864746,
-0.775152862071991,
-0.22930774092674255,
-1.108034372329712,
-0.7607581615447998,
-0.9485819339752197,
-1.1029623746871948,
0.14964205026626587,
-0.539481520652771,
-0.28661221265792847,
-0.10337485373020172,
0.0004550144076347351,
-0.0758490115404129,
0.039020389318466187,
0.12044122815132141,
0.8104686141014099,
0.43526405096054077,
-0.4439920485019684,
0.7593517303466797,
-0.1173134446144104,
0.5960382223129272,
0.6763733625411987,
-0.6718771457672119,
0.7391694784164429,
0.619749903678894,
0.1562557816505432,
-0.5991756319999695,
0.25774937868118286,
-0.22358450293540955,
-0.06240880489349365,
1.386141300201416,
-0.9036770462989807,
0.2780187129974365,
0.4017133414745331,
-0.625182569026947,
-0.10013651847839355,
0.1915474832057953,
-0.14133480191230774,
-0.9905318021774292,
-0.03330930322408676,
1.2831401824951172,
-0.08371470123529434,
0.07110770791769028,
-0.060545533895492554,
-0.04738803207874298,
-0.6556758880615234,
-0.7287334203720093,
1.2325716018676758,
0.4122924208641052,
0.7567901611328125,
0.38046878576278687,
-0.5939473509788513,
0.4862159788608551,
0.20794004201889038,
1.6684234142303467,
-1.0219342708587646,
-0.8093311786651611,
0.279570996761322,
-0.29969674348831177,
0.1643933802843094,
0.1286427080631256,
0.8551268577575684,
0.05399368703365326,
-0.04453025013208389,
0.1175958514213562,
-1.2101824283599854,
-0.01406964659690857,
-0.06173750013113022,
-0.24805092811584473,
-0.38733774423599243,
0.6594710350036621,
0.11859270930290222,
0.11924389004707336,
0.22928762435913086,
-0.5498404502868652,
-0.5239797234535217,
0.09894769638776779,
-0.678991973400116,
-0.1352388858795166,
-1.0375417470932007,
0.2761611342430115,
-1.0037367343902588,
-0.17032566666603088,
-0.37826573848724365,
-0.03055739402770996,
-0.3101021945476532,
0.1628836989402771,
1.1432006359100342,
-0.8721269369125366,
-0.3716440200805664,
-0.02233608067035675,
0.22946390509605408,
0.42055386304855347,
-0.23463107645511627,
-0.31555306911468506,
0.07507239282131195,
-0.21807754039764404,
0.1094534620642662,
0.4450174570083618,
-1.0439515113830566,
-0.3524991571903229,
-0.3299253284931183,
0.005479216575622559,
-1.7834596633911133,
0.05132016912102699,
-0.08872278034687042,
0.3736538887023926,
-0.7576806545257568,
-0.2674106955528259,
0.3560769557952881,
0.6062006950378418,
-0.13197723031044006,
-0.24510952830314636,
-0.3458958566188812,
-0.9757488369941711,
-1.1263595819473267,
-0.2327856421470642,
-0.26057276129722595,
0.8792102932929993,
-0.3222440481185913,
0.05698268115520477,
0.13901585340499878,
0.17519766092300415,
0.5161254405975342,
0.4581179618835449,
-0.3360458016395569,
0.31688249111175537,
-0.1402045488357544,
-0.5718184113502502,
-1.212680459022522,
-0.014231584966182709,
0.09074476361274719,
-0.32959699630737305,
0.2081795036792755,
0.11228390038013458,
-0.8025451898574829,
0.34436631202697754,
-0.002301618456840515,
1.1309587955474854,
0.6144167184829712,
0.9267964363098145,
-0.25917190313339233,
-0.8144322633743286,
0.6109590530395508,
0.6505966186523438,
0.3626651167869568,
0.31959784030914307,
0.0641203299164772,
-0.6820160746574402,
-0.030409619212150574,
0.041952118277549744,
0.48408597707748413,
-0.7109717130661011,
-0.18197666108608246,
-0.6396889686584473,
0.9399096965789795,
-0.6734707951545715,
-0.4061298072338104,
0.3135872483253479,
0.35042527318000793,
0.2866516411304474,
-0.02999243140220642,
-0.38913241028785706,
0.3781718909740448,
0.018391184508800507,
0.6290431618690491,
0.05084449052810669,
0.49131810665130615,
-0.7689006328582764,
-0.015083029866218567,
-0.3650208115577698,
0.13823944330215454,
-0.346858948469162,
-0.7182353138923645,
0.9963547587394714,
0.2422906756401062,
0.16017737984657288,
0.009820342063903809,
-0.08230128139257431,
-0.23732958734035492,
0.08673542737960815,
0.2695138454437256,
0.9212618470191956,
-0.05864167958498001,
-0.43250763416290283,
0.2895735502243042,
0.09561751782894135,
0.06634330749511719,
-0.8623534440994263,
0.06957855820655823,
-0.17539441585540771,
-0.5784707069396973,
-0.4634186625480652,
-0.3239634037017822,
0.14978261291980743,
0.3448318839073181,
0.21802516281604767,
0.15311604738235474,
0.9741460680961609,
0.4815489649772644,
-1.2707288265228271,
-0.02852991595864296,
-0.9313103556632996,
0.21612003445625305,
0.2642064690589905,
0.2351163625717163,
0.10909508913755417,
-1.503511667251587,
2.110586643218994,
0.25551146268844604,
0.19419820606708527,
1.2224233150482178,
0.08329182863235474,
1.0822794437408447,
0.1896219104528427,
-0.15371465682983398,
0.18667571246623993,
0.3324592113494873,
-0.06321665644645691,
-0.3038190007209778,
-0.4326326847076416,
-0.5221036672592163,
0.33069944381713867,
0.25357943773269653,
-0.20102062821388245,
0.4566139280796051,
-0.19063487648963928,
-0.4388939142227173,
-0.010136745870113373,
-0.30716627836227417,
0.16785579919815063,
0.3305399417877197,
0.4999541938304901,
0.4219358563423157,
0.10595584660768509,
-0.25050491094589233,
0.05050306022167206,
1.0086411237716675,
0.5290723443031311,
0.07066302001476288,
0.06582033634185791,
0.8062763810157776,
1.0631715059280396,
-0.3976146876811981,
0.6809837222099304,
0.8804581165313721,
-0.1683841198682785,
-0.4179161787033081,
0.5019482970237732,
-0.05836877226829529,
0.03157806769013405,
-0.54001784324646,
-0.0241897851228714,
-0.5662103891372681,
1.5458340644836426,
1.1278588771820068,
0.5032656788825989,
-0.3876911401748657,
0.7471605539321899,
0.4577224850654602,
0.38795095682144165,
-0.1632339358329773,
0.6175615787506104,
0.7944494485855103,
0.06680400669574738,
-0.018738672137260437,
0.3305639922618866,
-0.09006728231906891,
-0.15768800675868988,
-0.7721110582351685,
-0.08740829676389694,
0.7687262296676636,
-0.2103002965450287,
2.0003461837768555,
1.1069531440734863
] |
is there any evidence that job interviews where you "describe a time you etc" are an effective way of hiring the best person for the job, and not just someone who is good at interviews? | google once did a study on interviews, and tried to correlate interview success with success in the job (see [here](_url_0_)). they failed. the only interviewer that picked candidates better than chance was a senior researcher who was the top expert in their field, and so could see when someone knew their stuff. in short, interviews by non-expert personnel are not correlated in any way with job performance. multiple studies, however, have shown that they are biased against minorities. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.deathandtaxesmag.com/200732/google-admits-its-famous-job-interview-questions-were-a-complete-waste-of-time/"
] | [
-0.38124269247055054,
-0.26679348945617676,
0.14244243502616882,
0.025615479797124863,
1.0308390855789185,
0.38616448640823364,
-0.5639567971229553,
-0.14564372599124908,
-0.27223777770996094,
-0.9474654793739319,
0.1851445436477661,
0.7136213779449463,
0.7347835302352905,
0.3421969711780548,
-0.15366274118423462,
0.21864444017410278,
0.388563871383667,
-0.620151937007904,
0.18375536799430847,
-0.44903507828712463,
-1.8436410427093506,
-1.1550030708312988,
0.5441282391548157,
0.1160137951374054,
0.3432057201862335,
-0.6346420645713806,
-1.2283177375793457,
-0.12326337397098541,
0.044385552406311035,
-0.028668168932199478,
0.1659328043460846,
1.392670750617981,
1.1384780406951904,
-0.4679594039916992,
-0.633639395236969,
-0.2371809482574463,
-0.16522037982940674,
0.4610251784324646,
-0.089463010430336,
0.2975161373615265,
0.607824444770813,
-0.6271992325782776,
-0.27741241455078125,
-0.26655852794647217,
-0.602103590965271,
-0.38274702429771423,
0.2634871006011963,
-0.3754451870918274,
-1.1976191997528076,
-0.03289937600493431,
-1.6936132907867432,
0.10954473167657852,
-0.15144354104995728,
-0.3981574773788452,
-0.3549415171146393,
-0.26033249497413635,
-0.47934088110923767,
-0.1450452208518982,
-0.5616368651390076,
0.6877001523971558,
-0.4965052306652069,
0.8862375617027283,
-1.3481214046478271,
0.005430623888969421,
1.3786038160324097,
0.1718488484621048,
-0.101831816136837,
-0.5166940093040466,
-0.10327891260385513,
-0.228206068277359,
1.1420551538467407,
0.023496359586715698,
-1.3542892932891846,
0.9068745374679565,
0.2609901428222656,
0.29024145007133484,
0.05594860017299652,
0.738481879234314,
1.5237630605697632,
-0.341890811920166,
0.37559694051742554,
-0.8743946552276611,
-0.6660837531089783,
0.7395089864730835,
0.3314904570579529,
-0.986037015914917,
-0.27122747898101807,
0.14811186492443085,
0.02300267294049263,
-0.6483302116394043,
0.48543375730514526,
-0.712002158164978,
0.6450082063674927,
0.07273759692907333,
1.2720787525177002,
1.0748201608657837,
0.3984653055667877,
0.9862020611763,
1.4499914646148682,
0.36332517862319946,
-1.4089268445968628,
-0.9223062992095947,
-1.345007300376892,
-0.6527075171470642,
-0.4164774417877197,
-1.5741546154022217,
-0.2621380388736725,
-0.4420807361602783,
0.3985506594181061,
1.1271365880966187,
-0.6529654860496521,
-0.003026418387889862,
0.328284353017807,
0.01770620048046112,
0.13092085719108582,
-0.48206448554992676,
-0.6965935230255127,
0.7737718820571899,
-0.37358903884887695,
-0.19179198145866394,
-0.31016165018081665,
0.6813211441040039,
0.7567674517631531,
-0.507771372795105,
-0.02563270926475525,
0.8873326778411865,
-0.529579758644104,
0.7314310073852539,
1.0306808948516846,
0.1655830293893814,
0.575244128704071,
-0.31817543506622314,
-0.19148090481758118,
0.41276589035987854,
-1.0407484769821167,
-1.0546705722808838,
1.0128817558288574,
-0.8442436456680298,
-0.2727470397949219,
1.3754173517227173,
1.344314455986023,
0.4746045470237732,
-0.30611956119537354,
2.657914161682129,
-0.06565713882446289,
1.2325007915496826,
-0.7149496078491211,
0.3144308924674988,
0.3399970531463623,
-0.7360578775405884,
-0.06200607866048813,
0.7191511392593384,
-0.2554478049278259,
0.18721765279769897,
-0.22627073526382446,
-0.45375028252601624,
1.018875241279602,
0.25097236037254333,
0.010581821203231812,
0.3454660475254059,
0.32717791199684143,
0.21796691417694092,
0.41993382573127747,
0.2517254650592804,
0.060612231492996216,
-0.06158754229545593,
0.011088484898209572,
-0.3198639750480652,
0.013156086206436157,
1.2261756658554077,
0.18425419926643372,
-1.1803449392318726,
0.6246335506439209,
-0.7218996286392212,
-0.8092276453971863,
-1.1088088750839233,
-0.3405648171901703,
1.7924121618270874,
0.22940894961357117,
0.6779789328575134,
-0.131454735994339,
0.17831197381019592,
0.2599780261516571,
0.8795556426048279,
0.15783755481243134,
0.7488703727722168,
-0.41651350259780884,
0.4184359610080719,
-1.0146173238754272,
1.2593190670013428,
-1.6636618375778198,
-0.6489637494087219,
0.7416960000991821,
0.7693610191345215,
-0.5207752585411072,
-0.16121432185173035,
1.396046757698059,
-0.9031405448913574,
0.7359113693237305,
0.3382948040962219,
-0.7109647393226624,
0.1878194361925125,
-0.8163484930992126,
-0.7071834206581116,
-0.7718399167060852,
0.1367368996143341,
0.11187310516834259,
0.12591081857681274,
0.5103931427001953,
0.16820499300956726,
-0.3299899101257324,
-1.5589418411254883,
-0.47712576389312744,
0.28859812021255493,
0.36013978719711304,
-0.1655004769563675,
-0.2841636538505554,
1.1976630687713623,
0.44056904315948486,
0.1957935392856598,
-1.7806081771850586,
0.05595220625400543,
0.15504655241966248,
-0.4829053580760956,
-1.7176533937454224,
-0.7849752902984619,
0.98206627368927,
0.06316870450973511,
-0.042037516832351685,
0.6615921258926392,
1.3456435203552246,
-0.07455456256866455,
1.5559444427490234,
0.4113205075263977,
0.7929650545120239,
-1.7384757995605469,
1.7135158777236938,
-0.3196900486946106,
-1.2690119743347168,
0.02016112208366394,
-0.1005849838256836,
0.4351615309715271,
-1.6025676727294922,
1.4634747505187988,
0.5682951211929321,
1.0511399507522583,
-0.24216680228710175,
0.3658948838710785,
-0.1779261827468872,
-0.6031884551048279,
-0.20594537258148193,
-1.1874840259552002,
-0.8741195797920227,
-0.5148718357086182,
0.2608783543109894,
0.39125922322273254,
-1.4364571571350098,
0.35875236988067627,
1.0865812301635742,
0.9747721552848816,
0.9677793979644775,
-0.40853989124298096,
0.001198016107082367,
-0.48261258006095886,
0.44261154532432556,
-0.152803435921669,
-0.23034809529781342,
-0.6341646313667297,
0.7020766735076904,
-0.10756710171699524,
-1.7531203031539917,
-0.83814936876297,
0.28458017110824585,
-0.7070513963699341,
-0.417949914932251,
1.505061149597168,
-0.03542207181453705,
0.5386520624160767,
-0.36088883876800537,
-1.1474343538284302,
0.7967233657836914,
0.32316461205482483,
-0.9993702173233032,
0.7214609384536743,
-0.13601422309875488,
-0.7151421308517456,
-0.1661299467086792,
-0.07660827785730362,
-0.3386058211326599,
0.08896239101886749,
0.2275383621454239,
0.3482680320739746,
0.3254312574863434,
-0.3420144021511078,
1.359629511833191,
-0.25606414675712585,
1.033665657043457,
-0.915663480758667,
-0.38200098276138306,
0.5457132458686829,
-1.0945805311203003,
0.4403262436389923,
0.13636831939220428,
0.5056819915771484,
-0.13663290441036224,
-0.2776484787464142,
0.3938443958759308,
0.15569579601287842,
-0.5782173871994019,
1.674793004989624,
-0.4131847023963928,
-0.8704147338867188,
0.6486302614212036,
-0.9323410987854004,
-0.18369972705841064,
-0.4982852339744568,
-0.28336790204048157,
0.2976638078689575,
0.004225999116897583,
0.981843113899231,
1.4123635292053223,
0.23933683335781097,
0.14049941301345825,
0.6995038986206055,
-0.32532691955566406,
0.5118663907051086,
-1.8780014514923096,
-0.30858489871025085,
-0.40821951627731323,
1.0517277717590332,
-0.759138822555542,
-0.48509615659713745,
-1.3906038999557495,
0.43180134892463684,
2.0487184524536133,
-1.1742607355117798,
-0.6330252289772034,
0.3179934620857239,
0.22094164788722992,
-0.014726519584655762,
0.21287165582180023,
-0.6019697189331055,
-0.10274571180343628,
0.391904354095459,
-0.017097745090723038,
0.5543828010559082,
0.10970274358987808,
-0.14432376623153687,
-1.0275485515594482,
0.11070142686367035,
-0.12154798954725266,
0.14303675293922424,
-1.4417452812194824,
-0.48296666145324707,
1.9733508825302124,
-0.5778358578681946,
0.8067096471786499,
-0.007599145174026489,
-0.2112760841846466,
0.21804486215114594,
0.1515756994485855,
-0.30414289236068726,
0.10538417100906372,
0.5532612204551697,
1.3322463035583496,
0.10248425602912903,
-0.9682567119598389,
-0.32092317938804626,
0.5151666402816772,
-0.5916711091995239,
-0.5612809658050537,
-0.8236631155014038,
-0.43749526143074036,
-1.0452858209609985,
0.24130631983280182,
-0.28996989130973816,
0.1362001597881317,
-1.130178689956665,
-1.05232572555542,
0.6862202882766724,
0.6445118188858032,
0.047577857971191406,
1.167527437210083,
0.9433565139770508
] |
|
why isn't there nothing? (non-philosophical approach) | i would add that consciousness only exists where it can; in parts of the universe where nothing exists, there is no one pondering why nothing exists. thus, if nothing existed, there would be nobody to realize that this was the case. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.24790044128894806,
-0.12939269840717316,
-0.3919541537761688,
0.491009920835495,
0.5242030620574951,
-0.8008912801742554,
0.338695764541626,
-0.2594362497329712,
0.6122143268585205,
-0.647038996219635,
0.9281272888183594,
-0.23866042494773865,
0.35984599590301514,
-0.1748804748058319,
0.9305350184440613,
-0.4505035877227783,
0.10272396355867386,
-0.8755188584327698,
-1.080580711364746,
0.4383857250213623,
0.08185986429452896,
-0.49503791332244873,
-0.31560128927230835,
-0.5566556453704834,
-0.5549356937408447,
-0.09809939563274384,
-0.3857536315917969,
-0.2954661250114441,
0.5305200815200806,
-0.16739600896835327,
0.661655068397522,
0.06520842015743256,
-0.20057959854602814,
-0.14574500918388367,
0.9424806833267212,
0.4926169514656067,
-0.11403593420982361,
-0.033513233065605164,
0.08648985624313354,
-0.9168486595153809,
-0.46613040566444397,
0.872090220451355,
-0.5132910013198853,
-0.21301373839378357,
0.07253789156675339,
-0.07928936183452606,
-0.040938496589660645,
0.15180163085460663,
0.27200573682785034,
-1.1203434467315674,
-0.37067076563835144,
0.49082836508750916,
-0.2137884944677353,
-0.84998619556427,
-0.021635763347148895,
0.2047073394060135,
-0.3749702572822571,
-0.058913424611091614,
0.04377933591604233,
-0.32638466358184814,
0.17824991047382355,
-0.001401647925376892,
-0.06926032900810242,
-0.2777622938156128,
1.0566684007644653,
0.2052103877067566,
-0.002117335796356201,
-0.5506756901741028,
-0.28081879019737244,
-0.10078378021717072,
0.5631715059280396,
0.8217151761054993,
-0.32437431812286377,
-0.08952589333057404,
0.7627896070480347,
-0.09286317974328995,
0.045443639159202576,
0.12822642922401428,
0.5947875380516052,
0.6277419328689575,
-0.29471567273139954,
0.20135781168937683,
-0.27297139167785645,
-0.24713468551635742,
-0.3065592646598816,
-0.3933015465736389,
0.3345088064670563,
0.7931301593780518,
-0.05782150477170944,
-0.5020367503166199,
-0.8615137338638306,
0.058480530977249146,
-0.413432240486145,
-0.06841486692428589,
-0.45648428797721863,
-0.16748753190040588,
0.03975434601306915,
0.24943484365940094,
-0.0840279757976532,
-0.1542828530073166,
-0.6139508485794067,
0.348761647939682,
0.11115172505378723,
0.2719058096408844,
0.8107017278671265,
0.12676745653152466,
0.15972572565078735,
-0.36743229627609253,
0.11609886586666107,
0.27515938878059387,
-0.27235424518585205,
-0.8784183859825134,
-0.03407202288508415,
-0.2742064595222473,
-0.3998755216598511,
-0.8857052326202393,
0.2642209231853485,
0.25800684094429016,
-0.6334014534950256,
-0.2221069633960724,
-0.20907729864120483,
0.43377262353897095,
0.4709095060825348,
-0.028527595102787018,
0.3092096745967865,
0.09550122171640396,
0.3915863037109375,
0.15191932022571564,
0.1650482416152954,
-0.023735374212265015,
-0.07052213698625565,
-0.3809906840324402,
0.3355174958705902,
0.6284762620925903,
0.30355238914489746,
0.15844562649726868,
0.6113350987434387,
-0.3067854344844818,
0.17364083230495453,
-0.26949140429496765,
0.21003174781799316,
0.25077641010284424,
1.170647382736206,
0.5410535335540771,
-0.03295419365167618,
-0.269733726978302,
0.9123234748840332,
0.04025054723024368,
0.4740920066833496,
-0.15910165011882782,
-0.45511651039123535,
-0.3445795178413391,
-0.31030163168907166,
0.36692026257514954,
-0.37520962953567505,
0.5096450448036194,
-0.32939964532852173,
-0.6480924487113953,
-0.7844813466072083,
0.31751585006713867,
0.39827263355255127,
1.0479297637939453,
0.18588504195213318,
0.206302672624588,
-0.11796440929174423,
0.7305699586868286,
-0.2497001588344574,
-0.40599995851516724,
0.42214643955230713,
0.3125994801521301,
0.048163264989852905,
-0.4839193522930145,
0.21070291101932526,
-0.3553059995174408,
0.39541295170783997,
-0.04854648560285568,
-0.48035773634910583,
0.7135526537895203,
-0.23625873029232025,
0.7735968828201294,
0.07884962111711502,
-0.15019944310188293,
-0.8395408391952515,
0.004863634705543518,
-0.6017377376556396,
0.5477128028869629,
0.12661418318748474,
0.28753983974456787,
-0.5712555646896362,
-0.1917734146118164,
-0.01039092242717743,
0.2010415494441986,
0.3956542909145355,
0.19721324741840363,
-0.1289605349302292,
-0.855066180229187,
-0.10493258386850357,
-0.2936744689941406,
0.2403649240732193,
-0.3525373339653015,
-0.45732781291007996,
-0.4067702889442444,
0.37666356563568115,
-0.6743043661117554,
0.21297618746757507,
-0.5797759890556335,
0.1924203485250473,
1.367051601409912,
0.44401800632476807,
-0.6257458925247192,
0.1560342013835907,
-0.28228655457496643,
-0.1386595517396927,
-0.3412312865257263,
0.08654102683067322,
0.7140711545944214,
-0.005146153271198273,
-0.5764688849449158,
-0.07254856824874878,
0.26917630434036255,
-0.16963008046150208,
-1.2000583410263062,
-0.5405657291412354,
-0.4092508852481842,
1.1381139755249023,
-0.7075627446174622,
0.19700445234775543,
0.25283995270729065,
0.1617579311132431,
0.10674816370010376,
0.037825100123882294,
-0.21017923951148987,
-0.669482946395874,
0.051387086510658264,
0.43395090103149414,
-0.17127510905265808,
0.6670730113983154,
0.29552945494651794,
-0.8291577100753784,
0.9146312475204468,
-0.89995938539505,
-0.3573291301727295,
-0.19330136477947235,
0.11351326107978821,
-0.4256737232208252,
-0.05149824172258377,
-0.31937286257743835,
-0.17411211133003235,
0.6660789251327515,
0.45784664154052734,
0.48856496810913086,
0.4616536796092987,
0.1937200427055359,
0.562728226184845,
0.5383273363113403,
0.7744157314300537,
-0.037582218647003174,
0.5819892883300781,
-0.20858487486839294,
0.6013460159301758,
0.42504554986953735,
0.013241574168205261,
-0.31595996022224426,
-1.0328264236450195,
-0.24405398964881897,
0.433677613735199,
0.000555484090000391,
0.5967655777931213,
-0.12551641464233398,
0.2069665789604187,
0.7616869211196899,
0.32089313864707947,
0.07623186707496643,
-0.6935696005821228,
-0.5648461580276489,
0.30721786618232727,
0.09428947418928146,
-0.33460187911987305,
-0.16261014342308044,
-0.011266842484474182,
-0.31227725744247437,
-0.9007865190505981,
0.2500103712081909,
-0.10170815140008926,
0.9143505096435547,
-0.7306965589523315,
-0.12059547007083893,
0.8346207141876221,
0.5673715472221375,
0.19194155931472778,
-0.3211483955383301,
1.7834794521331787,
-0.49309292435646057,
-0.1917911022901535,
0.579169511795044,
-0.8687399625778198,
-0.7771031856536865,
-0.7314752340316772,
-0.4436091482639313,
1.3035955429077148,
0.26025599241256714,
-0.11584103107452393,
0.10843231528997421,
-0.35434845089912415,
0.8464368581771851,
-0.18258924782276154,
0.3919842839241028,
0.07404620945453644,
0.9681637287139893,
-0.057955071330070496,
-0.12975169718265533,
-0.03928214684128761,
0.14499805867671967,
0.5149319171905518,
-0.6947470903396606,
-0.09782353043556213,
-0.7407827973365784,
0.6726513504981995,
-0.21586239337921143,
0.20953547954559326,
-0.22070039808750153,
0.5807318687438965,
-0.44025883078575134,
-0.12879526615142822,
0.5761391520500183,
0.04552243649959564,
1.2946343421936035,
-0.31794148683547974,
-0.2243652045726776,
0.9589232206344604,
-0.8116348385810852,
-0.10313254594802856,
-0.5166794657707214,
-0.04422315955162048,
0.6282683610916138,
0.3280237019062042,
-0.7070004343986511,
-1.2252305746078491,
-0.14052920043468475,
0.488783597946167,
0.11271962523460388,
-0.20923227071762085,
-0.6457132697105408,
-0.4434660077095032,
0.6767460703849792,
-0.26205071806907654,
-0.14337129890918732,
-0.4789375364780426,
-0.20019635558128357,
0.08969436585903168,
-0.24697251617908478,
-0.3844749331474304,
0.034044645726680756,
0.05433226749300957,
0.1844484955072403,
-0.974619448184967,
-0.39473605155944824,
0.06700950860977173,
-0.3279850482940674,
-0.841863751411438,
-0.27820447087287903,
0.36147037148475647,
0.3813490569591522,
0.40061408281326294,
-0.7100782990455627,
0.5106281042098999,
0.3834540843963623,
-0.7467640042304993,
-0.2743397355079651,
0.6505388021469116,
-0.09503910690546036,
0.8071407079696655,
-0.23242317140102386,
-0.3351764380931854,
0.27366840839385986,
0.2411569058895111,
-0.4355173110961914,
0.39494773745536804,
-0.6135988831520081,
-0.04539264738559723,
-0.254385769367218,
0.8252075910568237,
0.23058900237083435,
0.10860942304134369
] |
|
is there anything on earth that is exactly the same as another? | or in the universe for that matter? | fundamental particles are intrinsically indistinguishable. in fact, a lot of quantum mechanics is built up on the basis of their indistinguishability. every electron is the same as every other electron. | 23 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.15144312381744385,
0.5178258419036865,
-0.39873722195625305,
0.6977773308753967,
-0.06485193967819214,
-0.6239203810691833,
0.02413448691368103,
-0.1337795853614807,
0.7364852428436279,
-0.8713926672935486,
1.0507123470306396,
-0.029238078743219376,
-0.3622593879699707,
-0.03285111486911774,
0.41881147027015686,
-0.006478199735283852,
-0.5375404357910156,
-0.7307246327400208,
-1.497559905052185,
0.39293336868286133,
-0.665048360824585,
-0.4140538275241852,
-0.27641957998275757,
0.0012737959623336792,
0.6528411507606506,
0.1912776380777359,
0.2508317828178406,
-0.7459484338760376,
0.17976167798042297,
-0.5204328894615173,
1.1930019855499268,
0.023779038339853287,
0.563714325428009,
0.39706680178642273,
0.336658239364624,
-0.6877689361572266,
0.4807937741279602,
0.33121979236602783,
0.5761388540267944,
-0.24414359033107758,
-0.39890074729919434,
0.613939642906189,
0.6260817646980286,
-0.016728438436985016,
0.17929936945438385,
-0.21361523866653442,
-0.22554045915603638,
-0.3013973832130432,
-0.16804112493991852,
-0.742586076259613,
-0.3503352105617523,
0.45469027757644653,
-0.23711082339286804,
-0.010319732129573822,
-0.14959821105003357,
-0.2059238851070404,
0.5291147828102112,
-0.381817102432251,
-0.6815014481544495,
-0.13426139950752258,
0.3920023441314697,
-0.16089685261249542,
-0.8420017957687378,
0.373931884765625,
1.1184489727020264,
-0.15791721642017365,
0.8079621195793152,
-0.42496734857559204,
-0.2883451581001282,
1.0271923542022705,
0.04698532819747925,
0.5800577402114868,
-0.36469364166259766,
0.928380012512207,
1.0695841312408447,
-0.027991021052002907,
-0.26309338212013245,
0.8230424523353577,
0.2707008421421051,
0.1999141275882721,
-0.4376470446586609,
-0.5290818214416504,
0.14812344312667847,
-0.42008087038993835,
-0.6602353453636169,
1.0228739976882935,
-0.18689078092575073,
0.09847324341535568,
-0.32309621572494507,
-0.6500139832496643,
-0.36591634154319763,
0.08209657669067383,
-0.2027541697025299,
0.33425474166870117,
0.5247315168380737,
0.2512974143028259,
0.07602441310882568,
-0.03311283886432648,
0.36435389518737793,
0.16113980114459991,
-0.7535591721534729,
0.6449003219604492,
-0.6034480929374695,
0.6770810484886169,
-0.34215912222862244,
-0.3575286865234375,
0.36511722207069397,
-0.14591139554977417,
0.17086026072502136,
0.09995989501476288,
0.12537258863449097,
-1.010817527770996,
-0.24244371056556702,
-0.49543821811676025,
0.19004268944263458,
-0.8379656076431274,
0.876664400100708,
0.7131202816963196,
0.6234322786331177,
-0.08170624822378159,
-0.9888054132461548,
0.7765504121780396,
-0.5714683532714844,
0.22689107060432434,
0.6868742108345032,
0.1904345154762268,
0.439115047454834,
0.000535719096660614,
0.3749118745326996,
0.2488965094089508,
-0.008570343255996704,
-0.5974510908126831,
-0.24578148126602173,
0.1291796714067459,
0.15412753820419312,
-0.42260825634002686,
0.46782946586608887,
-0.2243834286928177,
0.16166216135025024,
1.030867576599121,
-0.17437013983726501,
0.16059592366218567,
0.49355417490005493,
0.300346702337265,
-0.1629946529865265,
0.3234783709049225,
-0.008906304836273193,
-0.19790925085544586,
0.4755716025829315,
0.5865112543106079,
-0.32828059792518616,
-0.05675689876079559,
0.018050920218229294,
-0.9498645067214966,
0.592831552028656,
0.2375248670578003,
-0.8290451765060425,
-0.33564063906669617,
-0.5515663623809814,
0.925563633441925,
-0.592552661895752,
0.9336822628974915,
0.6863161325454712,
0.5046274662017822,
0.1740303635597229,
0.8151879906654358,
0.14384424686431885,
-0.9939576387405396,
-0.1706363707780838,
0.1270507574081421,
-0.0694018304347992,
-0.6970775127410889,
0.13211312890052795,
0.05950833857059479,
-0.11628840863704681,
-0.9732032418251038,
-0.9397906064987183,
-0.18935590982437134,
-0.012063995003700256,
-0.19441267848014832,
0.7259629964828491,
0.3590955436229706,
0.26605844497680664,
-0.4776049554347992,
0.17237019538879395,
0.22752873599529266,
0.21218112111091614,
-0.4383810758590698,
-0.27829980850219727,
0.35837268829345703,
0.004708141088485718,
0.058614954352378845,
0.17452074587345123,
-0.18978041410446167,
-0.07989738881587982,
-0.5671476125717163,
-0.3132866621017456,
0.345708429813385,
0.02160949818789959,
0.18232038617134094,
0.07674428820610046,
-0.4046904444694519,
0.12755736708641052,
-0.7343721389770508,
-0.5899988412857056,
-0.1724945306777954,
0.20549021661281586,
0.3641352653503418,
-0.27718427777290344,
-0.16588349640369415,
-0.5755186080932617,
-1.463135004043579,
-0.42523789405822754,
-0.3250678777694702,
-1.0278400182724,
0.4247799217700958,
0.0129600390791893,
-0.6329311728477478,
-0.01646890491247177,
0.07673408091068268,
0.6429674625396729,
0.08885812759399414,
-0.39420652389526367,
0.2622121274471283,
-0.17637425661087036,
-0.7920388579368591,
0.2834213972091675,
0.21693983674049377,
-0.3097844421863556,
0.48196691274642944,
-0.5145618319511414,
0.4907946288585663,
0.32428696751594543,
0.10687346756458282,
0.21605169773101807,
0.09585767984390259,
-0.4068593978881836,
0.373244971036911,
0.07593894749879837,
-0.11671923100948334,
-0.042072199285030365,
-0.275600403547287,
0.6850193738937378,
-0.11190418899059296,
0.5459578037261963,
-0.05030204355716705,
0.7401302456855774,
-0.191520094871521,
-0.22612258791923523,
0.10737498104572296,
0.023686278611421585,
-0.12715914845466614,
0.771005392074585,
-0.43171870708465576,
0.21817901730537415,
0.09632010757923126,
0.038085877895355225,
-0.7788933515548706,
-0.5611185431480408,
-0.35597312450408936,
-0.3826165795326233,
0.7438380122184753,
-0.004256941378116608,
-1.4241936206817627,
-0.4777234196662903,
0.5768051743507385,
-0.40514805912971497,
0.41905897855758667,
1.2805196046829224,
-0.2609158754348755,
-0.05740378797054291,
-0.07324893027544022,
-0.687847912311554,
-0.5073083639144897,
-0.09204162657260895,
-0.17039477825164795,
0.09525185823440552,
-0.6352823376655579,
-0.37708228826522827,
0.3817586898803711,
-0.5337320566177368,
-0.36347121000289917,
0.15909236669540405,
-0.3958572745323181,
0.3290899693965912,
-0.49982863664627075,
0.2730086147785187,
1.1668806076049805,
0.04578293487429619,
0.30163121223449707,
-0.6705557703971863,
0.9640049934387207,
-0.28833824396133423,
0.16583286225795746,
-0.29509666562080383,
0.4519733786582947,
-0.738395094871521,
-0.13432298600673676,
0.10750889778137207,
-0.4088839888572693,
0.9831923246383667,
-0.3378274440765381,
-0.555620551109314,
0.796583890914917,
-0.10137516260147095,
0.11245085299015045,
-0.022799838334321976,
0.5668752193450928,
-0.2508784532546997,
-0.7227198481559753,
-0.5835325717926025,
-0.6189868450164795,
0.47423863410949707,
-0.1365341693162918,
0.010903026908636093,
0.16708560287952423,
0.48853692412376404,
0.5117679238319397,
0.7034788131713867,
0.5595239400863647,
0.41653013229370117,
-0.5975115299224854,
-0.2852139472961426,
-0.726412296295166,
0.31245213747024536,
-0.20066113770008087,
-0.22154346108436584,
-0.17557913064956665,
-0.40757420659065247,
-0.01439660880714655,
0.24393349885940552,
0.1652405560016632,
-0.11430597305297852,
-0.09306444227695465,
0.7474239468574524,
0.3689323365688324,
-0.21858030557632446,
-0.5948888063430786,
-0.013579137623310089,
1.086361050605774,
0.13113440573215485,
0.062233686447143555,
-0.26704809069633484,
0.27430203557014465,
0.14489981532096863,
0.22908861935138702,
-0.3382857143878937,
-0.9276267886161804,
-0.6352589130401611,
0.19828765094280243,
-0.889002799987793,
0.12583553791046143,
0.9177241325378418,
0.8116437792778015,
0.04702568054199219,
-0.5493464469909668,
-0.1413973867893219,
-0.15021589398384094,
-0.19456836581230164,
0.2728739380836487,
-0.2939172089099884,
-0.6451438665390015,
-0.14950861036777496,
0.7638639211654663,
0.30394458770751953,
0.08494442701339722,
-0.09303620457649231,
0.013205207884311676,
0.011989191174507141,
0.8767913579940796,
0.036179423332214355,
1.005565881729126,
0.27160558104515076,
-0.7716274857521057,
-0.8800896406173706,
-0.2891155183315277,
-0.9630149602890015,
-0.10992703586816788,
-0.9339572787284851,
-0.100992850959301,
0.5194534659385681,
-0.5379245281219482,
0.7484361529350281,
0.5745062828063965
] |
how do we percieve horizontal directions? | apologies for the title, but what i wanted to ask is: how do we know that our direction sense is not corrected in x, horizontal axis? as an example when a human put amidst a very thick fogged open field, s/he can sense up and down due to gravity reference, but what does our perception use as a reference for left and right when s/he is absent of any cultural cues? how can we be sure that our body does not makes any correction to x axis in that clueless state? is it possible that the right is actually left, but due to our built-up humane cultural references(signs, letters, marks, text) is what defines what is what in x axis perception? to put it even further, is it possible that we created an x axis inverted perception and call it the norm? like when you think you move your right hand to call a cab coming from left, the natural reality was infact the inverted scene doing everything similar to a mirror? **how can we test that our mind/body doesnt makes x axis correction to the reality we percieve, in a state without the presence of any cultural elements?** | it may be interesting to know that when in the absence of visual clues on the x axis, humans are actually really bad at this. i remember reading about a study where a scientists asked blindfolded people to walk, swim, and drive in a straight line, and in all cases they ended up making spirals instead. i just did a couple minutes of searching and found the study referenced a couple of times, but never a good summary of it. however i did find [this](_url_0_) article which is a bit more recent and presents similar findings | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://news.discovery.com/human/evolution/walking-circles.htm"
] | [
-0.44541892409324646,
0.47486960887908936,
0.3188548684120178,
0.15247386693954468,
-0.362267404794693,
-0.8417448997497559,
0.8477978706359863,
0.0922650396823883,
1.7608094215393066,
-0.3136548697948456,
1.7985610961914062,
0.7543018460273743,
-0.25304147601127625,
-0.01910609006881714,
-1.7898979187011719,
-1.613440990447998,
-1.1410123109817505,
-0.33763551712036133,
-1.2581310272216797,
0.7278006076812744,
0.09003780037164688,
-0.5538901090621948,
0.7513421773910522,
-0.1740439534187317,
-0.05043239891529083,
0.18846572935581207,
0.1444787085056305,
-1.252336859703064,
-0.8389935493469238,
-0.6489542126655579,
-0.06145823001861572,
1.2123565673828125,
0.13077569007873535,
-0.41143351793289185,
-0.021351948380470276,
-0.30655479431152344,
-0.10661523789167404,
0.3167523741722107,
-0.1827600598335266,
0.04032087326049805,
-0.27497151494026184,
0.9252945780754089,
0.19664904475212097,
1.2465776205062866,
0.4873255491256714,
1.3047462701797485,
0.18665947020053864,
-0.7903023958206177,
-0.2791619300842285,
0.6407488584518433,
-1.1842436790466309,
-0.3457255959510803,
0.09104354679584503,
-0.3177260458469391,
-0.3407944142818451,
-1.2002018690109253,
-0.44622915983200073,
-0.6769241094589233,
0.4158153533935547,
-0.6543397903442383,
0.9320386052131653,
-0.48946765065193176,
-1.2161009311676025,
1.1775554418563843,
1.6049190759658813,
0.2855059802532196,
0.02654525637626648,
-1.0519511699676514,
0.5449199676513672,
0.5319486856460571,
0.09402398765087128,
0.14105848968029022,
-1.1247414350509644,
0.6037014722824097,
-0.4209204912185669,
-0.029752373695373535,
-0.22194544970989227,
-0.857107400894165,
-0.35119834542274475,
-0.47832947969436646,
0.6367125511169434,
-0.10053220391273499,
0.8694380521774292,
0.8056869506835938,
0.13855846226215363,
1.2693016529083252,
0.30821651220321655,
0.0968010425567627,
-0.0684148371219635,
0.10616251826286316,
0.9014496803283691,
-1.3263530731201172,
0.2874724864959717,
0.2665453553199768,
0.9135637879371643,
1.3179930448532104,
-0.532485842704773,
-0.1464342474937439,
0.8929666876792908,
0.7081747055053711,
-1.2462197542190552,
-0.4084644913673401,
0.06498425453901291,
0.7879687547683716,
-0.5346245169639587,
-1.0375522375106812,
0.3878437280654907,
-0.2276012897491455,
0.5627484321594238,
0.9886096119880676,
-1.199737310409546,
-0.8655065298080444,
0.7788633704185486,
0.15451805293560028,
0.7714225053787231,
-0.6614072322845459,
0.917961061000824,
1.373998999595642,
-0.11283165216445923,
0.6230927109718323,
0.45797717571258545,
-1.1133782863616943,
-0.14883333444595337,
0.20726057887077332,
0.25194019079208374,
0.8038520812988281,
-0.8998885154724121,
1.6230173110961914,
0.838623583316803,
-0.3870691657066345,
0.9695283770561218,
-0.6272497773170471,
-0.7089375257492065,
-0.5544794797897339,
-0.5667474269866943,
-1.463837742805481,
1.3105475902557373,
-0.23127688467502594,
-1.1014928817749023,
0.14300471544265747,
-0.1995415985584259,
1.038588285446167,
-0.9822668433189392,
0.39391207695007324,
0.7034941911697388,
0.8726257681846619,
-0.853124737739563,
-0.5195186138153076,
0.3079541027545929,
-1.3234190940856934,
0.13479512929916382,
-1.3663386106491089,
0.9011682271957397,
1.2177294492721558,
-0.6286804676055908,
-0.1531696319580078,
-1.0715842247009277,
1.035834789276123,
-0.19733262062072754,
0.4111362099647522,
-0.5927948355674744,
0.5666244029998779,
0.6677878499031067,
1.961113691329956,
2.058140754699707,
-0.12464840710163116,
-0.5928061008453369,
-0.995963454246521,
-0.4279089570045471,
0.2382064014673233,
0.7728444933891296,
0.09340628981590271,
0.8007217645645142,
-0.1399701088666916,
-0.4856453835964203,
-0.1742461919784546,
-1.373974323272705,
0.9749792814254761,
-0.6890935897827148,
1.2103091478347778,
-0.1788678765296936,
-0.7537842988967896,
1.053267478942871,
1.0802206993103027,
-0.6046340465545654,
-0.23950310051441193,
0.11066623777151108,
0.49483609199523926,
0.08546872437000275,
1.4174860715866089,
-0.8248308897018433,
0.4037966728210449,
0.45567184686660767,
0.9910656809806824,
-1.094491720199585,
-0.004398554563522339,
0.10058169066905975,
-0.593750536441803,
-1.6621984243392944,
0.3334171772003174,
-0.19535678625106812,
-0.7736067771911621,
0.6793720722198486,
-1.452741265296936,
-0.47461196780204773,
-0.871281623840332,
-0.3476809561252594,
-0.7595162391662598,
-0.17229777574539185,
-0.15629546344280243,
0.3007515072822571,
-0.790543258190155,
-1.2175034284591675,
0.45392972230911255,
1.2196016311645508,
0.2644568681716919,
-1.3252794742584229,
0.08443129062652588,
0.04868119955062866,
1.1246747970581055,
-1.3337379693984985,
-0.7928785085678101,
-0.4528951048851013,
-1.388488531112671,
-0.9698559641838074,
-1.07352614402771,
-0.6512797474861145,
-0.7590311765670776,
-0.6244897842407227,
0.7122501134872437,
0.46376264095306396,
0.9278329014778137,
1.076023817062378,
0.3460448980331421,
0.21165229380130768,
-1.128519058227539,
-0.24929660558700562,
0.3485943078994751,
0.8138248920440674,
-0.9325588941574097,
0.1809059977531433,
-0.3525899052619934,
-0.6576829552650452,
0.09610883891582489,
-0.7353814244270325,
0.446830689907074,
0.21297430992126465,
-1.0300190448760986,
0.6282814145088196,
0.974653959274292,
0.2840441167354584,
-0.18014392256736755,
-1.5565712451934814,
0.1709173619747162,
0.10293158143758774,
-0.10522414743900299,
0.27681154012680054,
0.21130189299583435,
0.32448387145996094,
1.203790545463562,
1.9169411659240723,
-0.6454403400421143,
-0.7966698408126831,
-1.631277084350586,
0.23181626200675964,
0.3658052682876587,
1.3081021308898926,
0.3915163278579712,
0.1640228033065796,
0.9840847253799438,
0.3243817687034607,
0.18177038431167603,
0.06689661741256714,
-0.3331356346607208,
0.39936310052871704,
0.40347421169281006,
0.05499410629272461,
-0.898270308971405,
-0.9297640919685364,
-1.2026740312576294,
0.253462553024292,
-1.5491199493408203,
-0.5479714870452881,
0.19310243427753448,
-1.0255404710769653,
-0.1962445080280304,
-0.794259786605835,
-0.42871028184890747,
1.2845463752746582,
-0.3797188401222229,
-0.2919214367866516,
0.4841097891330719,
1.2008843421936035,
-0.1860058605670929,
1.251468539237976,
-0.19846078753471375,
-1.4177346229553223,
-1.0729570388793945,
0.914490818977356,
0.2662196755409241,
-1.2729198932647705,
0.027560140937566757,
-1.4818626642227173,
-0.1354491114616394,
0.15652519464492798,
-0.7284968495368958,
1.8038688898086548,
0.22920472919940948,
0.9144249558448792,
0.3514970541000366,
-0.6104044914245605,
-0.8461031913757324,
-0.02847561240196228,
1.316965937614441,
-0.63916015625,
0.19703885912895203,
-1.0819294452667236,
-0.5107980370521545,
-0.21496376395225525,
0.52592933177948,
0.7035870552062988,
-0.6260515451431274,
-0.2589266896247864,
0.058957673609256744,
-0.09368111938238144,
0.11522076278924942,
-0.6180118322372437,
0.8711609244346619,
-1.1429619789123535,
0.6593360900878906,
-1.3162963390350342,
0.8144410848617554,
-0.5425188541412354,
0.4486826956272125,
1.2727419137954712,
-0.02980959415435791,
0.06618733704090118,
0.14347434043884277,
-1.5040971040725708,
-0.1554121971130371,
0.3972386121749878,
0.36193186044692993,
0.8012065887451172,
-0.781538188457489,
-0.033471859991550446,
0.7534917593002319,
-0.1586059331893921,
-0.2706206738948822,
-1.3180598020553589,
0.5117168426513672,
-0.14529156684875488,
1.3497519493103027,
1.384935736656189,
-0.142889603972435,
0.933696985244751,
0.7222299575805664,
-0.7190763354301453,
0.5040695667266846,
0.8073382377624512,
-0.6368517875671387,
-0.43092790246009827,
-0.3545714020729065,
0.768551766872406,
2.4294660091400146,
0.2485746145248413,
1.3253018856048584,
0.5620022416114807,
-0.9725965857505798,
0.16402354836463928,
-0.43580126762390137,
-0.3360206186771393,
0.2959069311618805,
0.6253488659858704,
-0.5573912858963013,
-0.6928433775901794,
-0.21610134840011597,
1.0657556056976318,
-0.016171202063560486,
-0.773421049118042,
0.6977256536483765,
1.2639291286468506,
0.4105786681175232,
-0.07414364069700241,
0.45953208208084106
] |
after doing a repetitive task for hours on end, sometimes you close your eyes and you can see it. what is going on here? | i'm talking about after those late nights of playing games, you close your eyes and see dota 2 behind your eyelids. or if you spend all day picking fruit, take a shower and close your eyes only to see apples everywhere. anyone know what gives? | [the tetris effect (also known as tetris syndrome) occurs when people devote sufficient time and attention to an activity that it begins to overshadow their thoughts, mental images, and dreams. it is named after the video game tetris.](_url_0_) | 16 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris_effect"
] | [
-0.5008400082588196,
-0.37117379903793335,
0.8138014078140259,
-0.0046498775482177734,
0.04924291372299194,
-0.1408589780330658,
0.8151538372039795,
0.4473399519920349,
0.6709753274917603,
-0.11935035139322281,
0.021647348999977112,
0.24852266907691956,
-0.23554719984531403,
-0.12533168494701385,
-0.26910483837127686,
-0.4256523847579956,
0.131126269698143,
0.15504375100135803,
-0.23809796571731567,
0.18988291919231415,
-0.07906541228294373,
-0.2609080374240875,
-0.26610445976257324,
0.13588282465934753,
0.30192792415618896,
-0.29939013719558716,
0.05729842931032181,
0.36355188488960266,
0.24841538071632385,
0.26873287558555603,
-0.20445892214775085,
0.16906839609146118,
-0.7904878854751587,
-0.35618215799331665,
-0.31914061307907104,
0.4885694980621338,
-0.4985118508338928,
0.007257789373397827,
0.08355498313903809,
-0.39125940203666687,
0.007804930210113525,
-0.051170289516448975,
-0.17254549264907837,
0.8514409065246582,
-0.6008561849594116,
0.6628010272979736,
-0.10843858122825623,
0.31391289830207825,
0.01359131932258606,
0.4955516457557678,
-0.0837925523519516,
0.1417754739522934,
-0.14492109417915344,
0.2937126159667969,
0.5034282803535461,
-0.09322429448366165,
0.1181974858045578,
0.5387258529663086,
0.3642638623714447,
0.09929235279560089,
0.1253439486026764,
-0.41664135456085205,
-0.5697115659713745,
0.08949188888072968,
1.0986406803131104,
0.47188907861709595,
-0.5192910432815552,
-0.18317647278308868,
0.5266010761260986,
-0.49397385120391846,
0.4375898838043213,
0.37699413299560547,
0.569705605506897,
0.4998021125793457,
0.011903814971446991,
-0.8141186237335205,
-0.3793444335460663,
0.3460506498813629,
-0.10691368579864502,
0.2225915491580963,
0.6914824843406677,
-0.10949070751667023,
0.2518216073513031,
-0.17760705947875977,
0.1641918420791626,
0.3055817186832428,
0.11587554216384888,
-0.06504060328006744,
0.32705724239349365,
-0.13182057440280914,
-0.6108928322792053,
0.23004797101020813,
0.7134180665016174,
-0.16346997022628784,
0.4645257592201233,
-0.1939840316772461,
-0.13579395413398743,
0.2512115240097046,
-0.7508916854858398,
0.10903500765562057,
-0.13793739676475525,
0.7013400793075562,
-0.8018231391906738,
0.6292837262153625,
-0.09321289509534836,
-0.8005181550979614,
-0.033065930008888245,
0.15105411410331726,
-0.1658599078655243,
0.1174870952963829,
-0.45642781257629395,
-0.05297979712486267,
-0.03484640270471573,
-0.19217251241207123,
-0.5165777206420898,
-0.15868902206420898,
-0.1985001266002655,
0.30140095949172974,
1.0595645904541016,
-0.16102898120880127,
0.8578538298606873,
-0.37025004625320435,
-0.4790221154689789,
-0.43727079033851624,
0.12750476598739624,
0.21735355257987976,
0.05752626806497574,
0.38127046823501587,
-0.261077880859375,
0.8492120504379272,
-0.2727525532245636,
0.09734483808279037,
-0.027607612311840057,
-0.7398210763931274,
-0.45127394795417786,
-0.15052153170108795,
-0.5225450992584229,
-0.6941379308700562,
-0.6380438804626465,
-0.14966484904289246,
-0.7574573755264282,
0.5190598964691162,
0.3985346555709839,
-0.19028231501579285,
0.12783142924308777,
0.41747719049453735,
0.11475048214197159,
-0.005852371454238892,
-0.12527552247047424,
0.13074077665805817,
-0.09567625820636749,
0.39697787165641785,
-0.3514663577079773,
0.10867945104837418,
-0.6837375164031982,
0.25448745489120483,
-0.3418646454811096,
-0.0859859436750412,
-0.35188862681388855,
0.23391973972320557,
0.11292938143014908,
-0.0814032182097435,
0.3412800431251526,
0.22312861680984497,
0.6123499870300293,
-0.23063361644744873,
-0.2147512137889862,
-0.2938709557056427,
0.2021358162164688,
0.1288250982761383,
-0.3129333555698395,
-0.3727912902832031,
0.1343824565410614,
-0.5724327564239502,
-0.06869485974311829,
-0.2994405925273895,
-0.4929647147655487,
0.5509085059165955,
0.09343632310628891,
0.1429668664932251,
0.3502807021141052,
-1.0126516819000244,
-0.5559351444244385,
0.011275902390480042,
-0.32993918657302856,
-0.49112337827682495,
-0.26173898577690125,
0.10886544734239578,
0.3833877742290497,
-0.7482200264930725,
-0.09947242587804794,
0.3324053883552551,
0.39267778396606445,
-0.5820753574371338,
0.14046962559223175,
-0.12831008434295654,
-0.13106593489646912,
0.2959480881690979,
-0.22921398282051086,
0.555122435092926,
-0.022880762815475464,
-0.42609667778015137,
0.13570691645145416,
-0.08665857464075089,
-0.3107084333896637,
0.03221726790070534,
-0.2648332715034485,
-0.6544486880302429,
0.6893537044525146,
-1.4729944467544556,
-0.22273048758506775,
-0.08522994816303253,
-0.18970617651939392,
-0.7623228430747986,
0.09362034499645233,
-0.09966075420379639,
-1.0570685863494873,
-0.6104720830917358,
0.6275889873504639,
0.9539624452590942,
-0.3564625382423401,
-0.1878080666065216,
-0.5589442253112793,
-0.6540284156799316,
0.08712881803512573,
0.1081809401512146,
-0.08205026388168335,
0.19007845222949982,
-0.48205670714378357,
-0.15614688396453857,
-0.1105213612318039,
0.14869467914104462,
0.6340607404708862,
0.762031078338623,
0.2581883370876312,
-0.3229781985282898,
-0.5585682988166809,
-0.21698012948036194,
-0.2649717330932617,
-0.056724030524492264,
0.47291532158851624,
-0.0834733098745346,
-0.4306364953517914,
-0.2574222683906555,
-0.27279454469680786,
0.1300458014011383,
0.2817614674568176,
-0.783745288848877,
0.4588671326637268,
0.5534789562225342,
0.5721591711044312,
-0.11009784787893295,
-0.3540860712528229,
0.331086665391922,
0.13877931237220764,
-0.5661657452583313,
-0.10840058326721191,
-0.011489808559417725,
0.4488033950328827,
0.29442650079727173,
0.5005771517753601,
0.15553586184978485,
-0.23496763408184052,
-0.6032918095588684,
0.5990991592407227,
0.2588541507720947,
0.35018885135650635,
-0.2834925353527069,
-0.011373922228813171,
-0.08111590147018433,
-0.41675347089767456,
0.30010050535202026,
0.004740431904792786,
-0.05736265704035759,
0.7692358493804932,
-0.30202507972717285,
0.6390016674995422,
-0.14492371678352356,
-0.1887224167585373,
-0.02247123420238495,
-0.0194815993309021,
-0.4877234101295471,
-0.4124642312526703,
1.080261468887329,
-0.07175178080797195,
-0.03665006160736084,
-0.32743504643440247,
-0.15571624040603638,
0.21965275704860687,
-0.29618895053863525,
-0.5771247148513794,
0.6072980165481567,
0.6679909229278564,
0.09608551859855652,
0.31326740980148315,
0.31550905108451843,
-0.5605962872505188,
-1.0388127565383911,
-1.0655443668365479,
-0.4492459297180176,
-0.1851126253604889,
0.06607169657945633,
-0.25464290380477905,
-0.1964796781539917,
-0.08556044846773148,
-0.09095142036676407,
0.16274350881576538,
-0.0636831670999527,
-0.3055918216705322,
0.20001120865345,
0.1362190693616867,
0.3880431056022644,
-0.028889156877994537,
0.2007337063550949,
-0.08648141473531723,
0.24150791764259338,
-0.2523094415664673,
0.44399458169937134,
-0.36413684487342834,
0.014012923464179039,
0.4002612829208374,
-0.28278735280036926,
-0.3525904715061188,
-0.4675080478191376,
0.37223756313323975,
-0.1254187822341919,
0.17656874656677246,
0.5999767780303955,
0.16802126169204712,
0.5352591872215271,
-0.3977997899055481,
0.20885270833969116,
0.6292819976806641,
-0.18123066425323486,
0.46936938166618347,
0.12376298755407333,
-0.029635384678840637,
0.11299261450767517,
-0.30683252215385437,
0.025201164186000824,
0.12937796115875244,
0.048693716526031494,
0.16159984469413757,
-0.06794825196266174,
0.17050105333328247,
-0.07360424101352692,
0.04277968406677246,
0.22370515763759613,
0.6343202590942383,
0.20929762721061707,
0.41770291328430176,
0.4995378851890564,
-0.12097303569316864,
-0.10148319602012634,
-0.16036520898342133,
0.14118283987045288,
0.08401548862457275,
0.3649715185165405,
-0.03430156037211418,
0.001903250813484192,
0.06259361654520035,
-0.3517182469367981,
-0.2031368613243103,
1.1528210639953613,
-0.01067524403333664,
0.22331637144088745,
-0.08967046439647675,
-0.4264466166496277,
-0.0058548301458358765,
-0.3393920361995697,
0.25870490074157715,
0.766021192073822,
-0.08617463707923889,
0.6055507659912109,
-0.001255124807357788,
-0.11396049708127975,
0.17352327704429626,
0.2476690113544464,
-0.30360615253448486,
0.040451548993587494,
1.1561049222946167,
0.7568970918655396,
0.1070067435503006,
0.6243771910667419
] |
multiple basic questions about the hubble photos | the most pressing one: are these all (except when explicitly stated otherwise, e.g. "saturn in infrared") a representation of what a normal human eye would see if they were standing right next to the end of the telescope? are the colors really like that? on to the more basic ones: 1. what are the [pillars of creation](_url_5_) made of? how did they form those shapes, especially in a vacuum? 2. how fast is all of this moving; for example, how fast is a supernova? 3. why do supernovas only explode on one axis? ([for reference](_url_1_)) 4. is it possible to travel in a perfectly straight line across the universe without physically encountering any stars or any light emitted from anything? 5. what is a gravitational lens? ([for reference](_url_6_)) 6. what is polarized light and how does it alter an image? ([for reference](_url_2_)) 7. who gets to title the photo? are there any sort of guidelines? (for example, "light echo from star v838" versus ["halo for a vanished star"](_url_4_)) 8. what is saturn's core made up of? why does it heat and cool in bands? ([for reference](_url_0_)) 9. what is a cosmic lens? i imagine it's similar to a gravitational lens, although it sounds like it could be figurative language ([for reference](_url_3_)) | 1) it's made up of basically the same stuff as everything else - 3/4 hydrogen and 1/4 helium, then a small amount of heavier elements. the pillars of creation are made of dense ("molecular") gas that's getting blown away by some bright young star cluster. the gas isn't uniform, so there are some dense knots that take longer to blow away. these dense clumps also shield the area behind them from the radiation and winds too. so you have these long columns of "protected" matter appearing. 2) typically everything in space moves at tens to hundreds of kilometres per second. supernovae are a bit faster. for example, the crab nebula is a supernova remnant, and it's still expanding at 1500 km/s. 3) they don't really. i think what you're seeing there is the diffraction spikes, which are a telescope effect. 4) nope. light comes from everywhere. at the very least you can't escape the cosmic microwave background. 5) so one of the big things of general relativity is that gravity is not a force - it actually bends space-time instead. so that means that gravity affects everything, even things that don't have mass. this means that light rays will bend as they go around massive objects. in the case of very strong lensing, this can stretch distance galaxies into long arcs. 6) image light as a longitudinal wave, like a vibrating string. unpolarised light is when the string is vibrating in all sorts of different directions. polarised light is when the string is vibrating in just one direction, such as directly up and down. sometimes it's somewhere in between - it's vibrating in several directions, but more "up and down" than "left and right". examining the polarisation can tell us some details about where the light came from - in particular it can tell us about magnetic fields. 7) this would be particular to how they do things at hubble. probably the press team make something up. 8) honestly, planets are not something i know much about. i *guess* that the bands are because if you don't have irregularly shaped continents, the only thing that sets your climate is your latitude, so you get bands of similar weather. i don't know about the core. 9) yeah, that's just a nice example of very strong gravitational lensing. | 2 | [] | [
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1998018a/from/show/",
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999019i/from/show/",
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr2007003c/from/show/",
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1995014a/from/show/",
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1995049a/from/show/",
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1995044a/from/show/",
"http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr2006023a/from/show/"
] | [] | [
-0.6112217903137207,
0.17671991884708405,
2.5731148719787598,
1.6075928211212158,
0.11648833751678467,
-3.5116186141967773,
-0.9981072545051575,
-3.2177999019622803,
3.9653661251068115,
-2.3281681537628174,
0.36748206615448,
-0.5311905741691589,
-1.848486065864563,
-3.293520450592041,
3.4624545574188232,
-0.280670702457428,
-2.840914249420166,
-1.598430871963501,
-6.6800689697265625,
0.42434823513031006,
-0.2678474485874176,
-2.6070148944854736,
-4.483149528503418,
-0.07845544815063477,
-1.5678529739379883,
1.6143848896026611,
-0.7672923803329468,
-0.5614731311798096,
0.3325442969799042,
-1.3191884756088257,
-1.7047213315963745,
2.622683048248291,
-2.174309015274048,
0.9702454805374146,
-0.09265071153640747,
1.39275324344635,
1.1299186944961548,
-0.22297823429107666,
-2.124162197113037,
-0.21400250494480133,
-0.1549387276172638,
-0.9705318212509155,
3.016299247741699,
1.8251549005508423,
0.2898904085159302,
3.315349817276001,
2.6080713272094727,
-0.07263034582138062,
-1.6661388874053955,
-0.7184661030769348,
-3.7894153594970703,
0.3222237825393677,
-2.3840038776397705,
-1.4912960529327393,
-1.1422619819641113,
1.52349853515625,
2.634876251220703,
-2.3030450344085693,
2.514793872833252,
-5.889269828796387,
1.9381132125854492,
-0.8304113149642944,
-1.0599660873413086,
1.3213974237442017,
3.5015008449554443,
-2.1273040771484375,
1.2152361869812012,
-2.056168556213379,
-1.3651846647262573,
2.327035427093506,
-0.28221777081489563,
0.8380504846572876,
-2.4765915870666504,
-3.0813565254211426,
2.889080286026001,
-0.8709495067596436,
3.1411094665527344,
3.086686849594116,
0.4668519198894501,
0.7027193903923035,
2.953749656677246,
-1.3382611274719238,
-2.9765100479125977,
-1.7450189590454102,
1.1686829328536987,
2.678746461868286,
1.5551108121871948,
0.11100824177265167,
0.48934096097946167,
0.12736785411834717,
-3.632415294647217,
-1.130850076675415,
-1.1827841997146606,
0.8616865873336792,
-0.9154913425445557,
2.1146390438079834,
1.860856056213379,
-5.029772758483887,
2.63088059425354,
-0.018774673342704773,
-0.1165962815284729,
0.36620110273361206,
-4.649659633636475,
7.316768646240234,
-1.7637569904327393,
0.3326679468154907,
1.859525442123413,
5.223665237426758,
-0.771780252456665,
0.7246860265731812,
2.12536358833313,
-1.0887137651443481,
-0.08523525297641754,
-5.063255786895752,
-1.9546462297439575,
-2.9538187980651855,
-0.4125978946685791,
4.225283145904541,
-3.8174386024475098,
0.27412843704223633,
-2.411663770675659,
-1.7456399202346802,
0.9475672245025635,
2.4879825115203857,
4.468739986419678,
0.8470670580863953,
-1.2390836477279663,
3.6642937660217285,
1.7511305809020996,
-2.5213282108306885,
2.936842441558838,
-2.217003107070923,
-0.023153036832809448,
2.320059061050415,
-2.321505069732666,
0.6834856271743774,
3.012408494949341,
-0.462049275636673,
-1.4548014402389526,
5.377350330352783,
1.1836186647415161,
2.4347879886627197,
1.8995006084442139,
-2.0042028427124023,
3.8901939392089844,
1.3060433864593506,
-4.162374973297119,
-2.386054277420044,
-2.260075569152832,
-0.30758899450302124,
-2.5990540981292725,
-2.936307191848755,
2.1080336570739746,
0.19739046692848206,
0.5206804871559143,
2.3445940017700195,
-1.7091645002365112,
0.6948593854904175,
-1.5824356079101562,
2.8423383235931396,
0.6100316047668457,
2.8447699546813965,
-1.9626562595367432,
3.0562641620635986,
-0.6514034271240234,
-0.11925432085990906,
0.5737422704696655,
-2.580108165740967,
2.0472512245178223,
0.970450222492218,
-1.0922895669937134,
-0.705285906791687,
3.6430346965789795,
-0.6623436212539673,
1.1875579357147217,
-0.37663206458091736,
-5.299846649169922,
1.1414285898208618,
2.2448248863220215,
3.1629488468170166,
-2.2089145183563232,
-0.3044494688510895,
7.971426486968994,
1.0812963247299194,
-0.7503534555435181,
-0.6226996779441833,
1.6969172954559326,
1.0407874584197998,
-0.48094892501831055,
-2.0281717777252197,
3.106895685195923,
-1.9500523805618286,
1.9955962896347046,
-0.02479991316795349,
-2.284235715866089,
3.144089698791504,
-2.4465014934539795,
-1.3448716402053833,
-3.027724266052246,
0.5912875533103943,
-1.8134064674377441,
-3.4200897216796875,
2.4891064167022705,
-0.9928827881813049,
-0.9370129108428955,
-2.0537467002868652,
3.7403440475463867,
4.060150146484375,
-8.856667518615723,
2.8517894744873047,
2.6145474910736084,
-7.344810962677002,
-6.083156108856201,
0.9154587984085083,
0.7369134426116943,
-0.5518098473548889,
-1.0965042114257812,
-8.242676734924316,
-4.119875907897949,
0.9333794713020325,
4.658237934112549,
-4.21284294128418,
-2.81662917137146,
-4.49728536605835,
-1.782476782798767,
-4.778097152709961,
-0.6542003154754639,
3.871572494506836,
0.12146259844303131,
2.6996703147888184,
0.010799050331115723,
2.8014979362487793,
0.12890799343585968,
4.9830451011657715,
1.5689973831176758,
-1.9806199073791504,
-2.819016933441162,
-4.297422885894775,
0.8550112247467041,
-2.5882976055145264,
1.0250434875488281,
1.3935964107513428,
-0.012419342994689941,
1.2926161289215088,
0.8374353051185608,
-1.687290906906128,
0.23239600658416748,
-1.033884048461914,
-1.7312815189361572,
0.9287474155426025,
0.2838481664657593,
-3.4843688011169434,
-3.974987745285034,
3.794163227081299,
-0.9775419235229492,
1.5988317728042603,
-0.41864633560180664,
-3.4449679851531982,
-1.3067831993103027,
2.1724913120269775,
0.10562680661678314,
-0.7395694255828857,
-2.9209811687469482,
-4.264027118682861,
-2.0741138458251953,
5.9272589683532715,
5.933103084564209,
3.3341073989868164,
-4.7606306076049805,
-1.4193437099456787,
0.7009737491607666,
4.330479621887207,
-0.9124636650085449,
-3.0284476280212402,
2.6195530891418457,
-1.6634767055511475,
-1.4297454357147217,
-0.5865534543991089,
-2.6778721809387207,
0.3002386689186096,
-1.7661691904067993,
1.167982578277588,
-1.7780005931854248,
0.8117631673812866,
1.0399576425552368,
-1.2647172212600708,
-0.9132934808731079,
-2.178556442260742,
4.608386516571045,
0.3385544419288635,
2.241675615310669,
4.483870506286621,
1.828005313873291,
1.008979082107544,
5.760251998901367,
-2.5186526775360107,
-4.411989212036133,
1.8963885307312012,
2.7748677730560303,
-0.5798576474189758,
3.578432559967041,
-0.943670392036438,
-2.9242849349975586,
0.3032761216163635,
-0.9695915579795837,
0.1947953701019287,
1.4912900924682617,
1.977212905883789,
0.5365134477615356,
-2.6115598678588867,
-2.2298669815063477,
-4.166027545928955,
1.354665994644165,
5.079348564147949,
-3.001648426055908,
0.899161159992218,
1.8333407640457153,
2.33658766746521,
2.422136068344116,
1.1901370286941528,
1.9102258682250977,
0.9765766263008118,
-0.6921334862709045,
-1.6098982095718384,
-1.7546491622924805,
-1.230581521987915,
1.8112760782241821,
0.8006148338317871,
-1.0094701051712036,
0.5749748945236206,
-0.29073217511177063,
-1.0803147554397583,
0.5081720948219299,
0.7288986444473267,
6.3916449546813965,
3.2103238105773926,
-2.1352241039276123,
-4.376063823699951,
-2.080049514770508,
3.4252822399139404,
-3.268328905105591,
2.1227197647094727,
3.0275487899780273,
0.5485900640487671,
2.75612735748291,
0.5197570323944092,
-1.6707452535629272,
0.7207426428794861,
-2.9081788063049316,
1.390998125076294,
-1.4360909461975098,
1.7743241786956787,
2.701533317565918,
-0.5922142863273621,
1.4007936716079712,
-1.0756562948226929,
-3.8720548152923584,
1.3786674737930298,
1.1006410121917725,
1.5839442014694214,
1.7295472621917725,
1.3953742980957031,
1.549956202507019,
5.8165740966796875,
-3.702313184738159,
4.028251647949219,
0.6939074993133545,
-0.30586737394332886,
-3.1192991733551025,
5.079405307769775,
2.295949697494507,
4.434537410736084,
0.8856913447380066,
-5.433480739593506,
-0.8102678060531616,
-2.663637161254883,
-0.7236490249633789,
1.9898213148117065,
-3.3284614086151123,
-0.707214891910553,
0.40073162317276,
1.3489946126937866,
2.346257209777832,
2.2098147869110107
] |
is there any research on why inmates that have two strikes do not leave the state in three strike states? | no i do not really know about how this works as we in the nordics do not have a system of three strikes. but what i understand, is that some states in the us have three strike laws. why a person that has two strikes in a three strike state would stay in the state is something i really do not understand. is there any research done on this? | i don't know if there's any research into the subject but the problem with what you're speculating is that moving in the us is difficult for a majority of the population, especially the portion of the population that is on their second strike. for instance, after a felony conviction the following rights are lost permanently * right to vote, be a representative, or participate in politics * right to own firearms * state sanctioned professional licesnses (doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc.) depending on the crime various other rights are lost as well. for drug convictions you are no longer eligible for any federal assistance of any kind, for life. no welfare, no food stamps, no government housing. no university grants or subsidized student loans. further, a landlord may evict you based on your conviction of crimes that might consider you a danger to those living around you (this is extremely vague so basically any felony conviction will get you evicted.) not only can you be evicted but potential future landlords can require that you disclose any criminal history and they can legally discriminate against you based on this. also, most employers prefer not to hire felons and they actively discriminate against them. [source](_url_0_) some states are more strict and a few are more lenient. also, when you are released from prison you generally have no assets or property and are effectively homeless (because you haven't been able to work while in prison so you broke your apartment lease or had your home repossessed and your belongings sold at auction) and unemployed (also remember that because you're a felon you possibly ineligible for unemployment assistance). no car, no money, no property. moving costs money as well. if somehow you get out of prison and at least have a car you still have to pay the costs of updating all your government registrations. license, car registration, new apartment lease (so first and last months rent plus a deposit), fuel for the move, fuel for your job search, getting utilities turned on, etc. basically it's expensive to move and most 2-nd offense people are already really disadvantaged and likely couldn't find a job if they moved nor could they find a place to live and on top of all that it's unlikely that they would have the assets necessary to fund a move from one state to another. | 8 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.cga.ct.gov/2003/olrdata/jud/rpt/2003-r-0333.htm"
] | [
4.612798690795898,
-0.8766168355941772,
1.3906521797180176,
-0.2096022665500641,
1.4957425594329834,
1.3271650075912476,
0.5661972165107727,
-1.6077073812484741,
-1.839099407196045,
0.9995623826980591,
2.333930015563965,
3.467142343521118,
-0.19545452296733856,
1.1668580770492554,
-0.6269965767860413,
-2.184624433517456,
-1.9021292924880981,
-0.04317013919353485,
-2.4836392402648926,
5.351603984832764,
-0.3487708568572998,
-0.8864176273345947,
-1.5471420288085938,
-2.036794424057007,
1.474397897720337,
0.8446236848831177,
0.11498048901557922,
-0.26828470826148987,
-3.266726493835449,
1.2132983207702637,
-0.18855559825897217,
-0.9670640826225281,
-2.478123664855957,
0.773560643196106,
5.683216094970703,
-2.413363456726074,
2.261206865310669,
0.9360350370407104,
-0.1306215524673462,
-4.3571906089782715,
-2.618359327316284,
-3.1432809829711914,
-2.57376766204834,
3.5190536975860596,
-4.317781448364258,
2.256093740463257,
3.329667091369629,
-0.9026052951812744,
-0.8858436346054077,
-0.6492533683776855,
-1.0062801837921143,
2.37591290473938,
4.709992408752441,
3.196441650390625,
-3.485196828842163,
-3.225383996963501,
0.5809705257415771,
1.204719066619873,
-0.7956953048706055,
4.818014144897461,
0.9577251076698303,
4.664593696594238,
-1.3440428972244263,
-0.5273342728614807,
-0.7437844276428223,
2.290478467941284,
0.18338657915592194,
-0.23196467757225037,
0.5427931547164917,
0.5773341655731201,
3.4184064865112305,
-3.55847430229187,
-7.920469284057617,
3.0941991806030273,
0.9391281604766846,
2.346601963043213,
-0.14747250080108643,
7.076757907867432,
6.912867546081543,
-3.5748493671417236,
-4.766268730163574,
-0.16684241592884064,
-1.8016759157180786,
-2.0184240341186523,
-2.6810503005981445,
-1.8179495334625244,
-1.8285281658172607,
2.595977783203125,
4.266995429992676,
-0.6574596166610718,
3.7673275470733643,
-1.023197889328003,
7.999366760253906,
-1.303858995437622,
-1.405872106552124,
-1.1583064794540405,
1.0691834688186646,
0.8548970818519592,
0.3616717755794525,
-0.12352227419614792,
-0.5068419575691223,
1.560150146484375,
-6.245503902435303,
-0.8509117960929871,
1.457816481590271,
-0.04932466149330139,
1.7396968603134155,
-1.411756992340088,
-0.7901244163513184,
-2.4573118686676025,
1.8002017736434937,
-1.2084524631500244,
3.6500937938690186,
0.1416594684123993,
-2.7541615962982178,
1.8237541913986206,
-2.9355132579803467,
4.396541595458984,
0.2785252332687378,
-3.4752249717712402,
1.0703952312469482,
1.8321560621261597,
-3.261519432067871,
-1.4671821594238281,
-2.424924612045288,
-2.13193678855896,
-6.129239082336426,
3.4338595867156982,
1.614224910736084,
0.41752317547798157,
-0.1349259316921234,
-1.9794361591339111,
1.4734238386154175,
-3.2398452758789062,
-3.244638681411743,
-1.2655665874481201,
0.776524543762207,
2.1630263328552246,
1.8706908226013184,
0.7023633718490601,
3.9781081676483154,
-0.04735282063484192,
5.516365051269531,
3.56060528755188,
-3.0670645236968994,
1.8429509401321411,
3.596142292022705,
2.9011378288269043,
2.3389902114868164,
1.0371556282043457,
1.573237657546997,
-0.7510783076286316,
-0.6549835801124573,
-4.791504859924316,
-6.855893611907959,
-2.3869073390960693,
2.7876577377319336,
0.6132858991622925,
-0.0692499577999115,
3.435856342315674,
1.660952091217041,
-0.3709421753883362,
2.7826733589172363,
3.762922763824463,
4.423060894012451,
1.0639559030532837,
-1.7320421934127808,
-1.5205081701278687,
-4.362722873687744,
-2.9492204189300537,
3.1761224269866943,
0.49553799629211426,
2.5262062549591064,
-3.442079544067383,
3.544633626937866,
-2.1866114139556885,
-2.7732114791870117,
3.8596584796905518,
-3.453795909881592,
-0.026230841875076294,
-4.480954647064209,
-5.926792144775391,
-6.967935562133789,
0.2218647301197052,
-1.4624541997909546,
-0.27501997351646423,
-1.8853964805603027,
-4.749124050140381,
-1.6768149137496948,
-1.5597482919692993,
-2.52007794380188,
-0.20126351714134216,
-3.7519640922546387,
-4.041272163391113,
-0.24043211340904236,
-0.39536088705062866,
-1.696022629737854,
-0.7244167923927307,
1.4830683469772339,
2.380236864089966,
-0.18536993861198425,
2.0126078128814697,
-1.1995627880096436,
-2.0762572288513184,
1.5671521425247192,
0.19078144431114197,
1.4944628477096558,
-5.290731430053711,
-2.508681535720825,
-2.697528839111328,
1.163297176361084,
4.553757190704346,
8.337305068969727,
1.3442997932434082,
1.544052243232727,
-4.156632423400879,
-1.6847748756408691,
2.405251979827881,
0.7299274206161499,
-2.9688143730163574,
-6.579537868499756,
-2.7278499603271484,
5.2454023361206055,
-2.1420273780822754,
-1.2507463693618774,
-1.8045092821121216,
1.5847853422164917,
-0.5813676714897156,
-0.43745946884155273,
-0.6052208542823792,
1.2641643285751343,
-8.143205642700195,
-1.3756080865859985,
0.7027595043182373,
-8.886616706848145,
-4.218723297119141,
8.878976821899414,
1.529670238494873,
-2.2636401653289795,
0.29568856954574585,
-4.13817834854126,
1.4794130325317383,
-3.04634690284729,
0.33598458766937256,
-2.1863901615142822,
1.3642892837524414,
0.2028326392173767,
6.5218658447265625,
0.3976691663265228,
-0.8811120986938477,
-7.513075828552246,
2.6618492603302,
-2.5093326568603516,
3.2795119285583496,
-0.4502204656600952,
-1.3325797319412231,
-4.87803840637207,
2.319350481033325,
-4.053621292114258,
-4.908441066741943,
2.602755308151245,
-1.1382136344909668,
-0.010593004524707794,
-0.770471453666687,
1.780496597290039,
-1.2329987287521362,
1.0332690477371216,
0.9827405214309692,
-2.953856945037842,
-4.016885280609131,
0.8766024112701416,
-0.4787198305130005,
3.217284679412842,
-0.6194603443145752,
2.57827091217041,
3.057023286819458,
1.553310513496399,
2.0063204765319824,
-2.210392475128174,
-0.12959672510623932,
1.563544511795044,
-5.649744033813477,
-2.2895455360412598,
2.640166997909546,
0.33558389544487,
3.6342427730560303,
1.4204177856445312,
3.4412147998809814,
2.9529645442962646,
-1.8978888988494873,
-1.2289140224456787,
1.277746558189392,
-2.0386366844177246,
-2.6031761169433594,
2.264683723449707,
-7.422713279724121,
-4.7224273681640625,
-2.3452696800231934,
1.9906342029571533,
2.8306329250335693,
5.026971817016602,
2.902348041534424,
-1.162705659866333,
2.1596548557281494,
1.8242299556732178,
-3.2091403007507324,
1.317640781402588,
0.3122117221355438,
2.205009937286377,
0.37774577736854553,
2.7265453338623047,
-4.0932769775390625,
3.207580804824829,
1.7041808366775513,
-2.890150308609009,
0.3753599524497986,
-0.7013076543807983,
-3.2715330123901367,
-0.1834532469511032,
4.143739223480225,
0.8968272805213928,
3.948697805404663,
-0.0457499697804451,
3.7711660861968994,
0.030083537101745605,
2.6504881381988525,
2.166910409927368,
2.052600145339966,
-0.5455338954925537,
3.105607509613037,
1.0456827878952026,
0.5894253253936768,
-0.13012033700942993,
-2.7229154109954834,
-2.1930959224700928,
1.9475055932998657,
2.187720537185669,
-0.833314061164856,
-2.2732062339782715,
4.750739574432373,
-1.6110180616378784,
-0.766846239566803,
-0.6030367612838745,
5.385804176330566,
0.17773427069187164,
1.7047839164733887,
3.9533467292785645,
1.6352269649505615,
1.3547475337982178,
4.015421390533447,
-1.9301526546478271,
-0.913320779800415,
2.8168811798095703,
1.2646466493606567,
0.1364126205444336,
-2.1264455318450928,
2.8279917240142822,
1.5978937149047852,
-2.4102609157562256,
-0.9215984344482422,
-2.11677885055542,
1.4350236654281616,
-0.4699261784553528,
3.6369261741638184,
0.8216066360473633,
-2.0155298709869385,
-9.776551246643066,
-0.05042651295661926,
1.838241457939148,
-4.280429840087891,
0.5369610786437988,
-1.428549885749817,
-1.4803751707077026,
2.0298349857330322,
3.079958200454712,
0.23951523005962372,
1.0148508548736572,
2.491269826889038,
-4.406559944152832,
0.4788439869880676,
1.831817388534546,
-0.17112232744693756,
1.6373159885406494,
0.8565556406974792
] |
how would i distribute points on a sine wave so the length between them are equal? | illustrated: _url_0_ i'm writing a program where i have points evenly distributed on a line. i want the line to curve, but i still want the points to be evenly distributed. if the line is curved like a sine wave, is there an efficient way to calculate a new position x_new, y_new from x_old, so that all such points have an equal distance to both of its neighbors (excluding the end points)? see the illustration for more details. also, is there a general way to do this efficiently with curves apart from sine waves? | suppose the curve has the parametrization x = x(t), y = y(t) on the interval a ≤ t ≤ b. for a nice enough curve (*rectifiable*) you can re-parametrize in terms of arc length *s*, which is defined as the integral of from u = a up to u = t. so you end up getting a new function s = s(t), which gives the length of the curve from the left endpoint up to the point corresponding to time *t*. this function is necessarily monotonically increasing (because the integrand defining it is strictly positive) and so it can, in principle, be inverted to give t = t(s). so time is a function of arc length. then the curve itself can be written as x = x(s), y = y(s) on the interval 0 ≤ s ≤ l, where l is the total length of the curve. equispaced values of *s* then give points (x,y) on the curve that are the same distance from each other (along the curve). now this is all a very nice neat solution, but in practice you usually can't do this exactly. for your problem, for instance, the original parametrization is on the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ π. the arc length function s = s(t) would then be the integral of from u = 0 to u = t. that integral cannot be computed in terms of elementary functions. (you need elliptic functions.) so no formula for s = s(t), hence no formula for t = t(s). --- of course, all of the integrals and derivatives involved in the above calculation can be done numerically. you may not be able to get exact values of the integral i wrote above, but you can get values that are accurate to any desired accuracy. the computation cost could be quite high since you need to compute the numerical derivatives of x(t) and y(t) and compute the integral for arc length. (the inversion of s = s(t) is rather trivial on a computer.) if you are using a specialized graphics program or computer algebra system, there may be a simpler method using built-in functions or routines for arc length. | 10 | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/SYYXI81.png"
] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/SUb2uPl.png"
] | [
-2.8803250789642334,
0.5329200029373169,
0.4538058042526245,
-2.503675937652588,
-4.450643539428711,
-1.7094773054122925,
1.313144326210022,
4.364656448364258,
4.513747692108154,
-0.1567637026309967,
2.7861618995666504,
1.4557929039001465,
3.365050792694092,
1.5670639276504517,
-2.200674057006836,
0.011997029185295105,
-0.9743672609329224,
1.915331244468689,
-7.0053300857543945,
-2.599482536315918,
3.717116355895996,
-1.4759647846221924,
-4.435005187988281,
1.3308894634246826,
0.48621928691864014,
1.3347803354263306,
2.3682706356048584,
-0.06263686716556549,
2.5653367042541504,
-2.1649718284606934,
-1.1023818254470825,
-0.7673782110214233,
1.8464405536651611,
-1.7701973915100098,
-1.298004150390625,
-0.2342187613248825,
-1.4373860359191895,
3.3334577083587646,
0.7684126496315002,
1.924426555633545,
0.6526514291763306,
-1.204184889793396,
1.759779691696167,
-0.7189770936965942,
1.5313743352890015,
0.5218302011489868,
-0.4365723431110382,
1.458147644996643,
-1.9443897008895874,
2.6172173023223877,
-1.3551102876663208,
2.9688429832458496,
-1.6146605014801025,
-3.5541622638702393,
-1.2652928829193115,
1.231853723526001,
-0.3827590346336365,
-2.542743444442749,
1.3735753297805786,
-1.8124606609344482,
1.3592703342437744,
1.8460474014282227,
0.1058652251958847,
1.9039840698242188,
3.283538579940796,
-0.4362882375717163,
1.7136564254760742,
-0.36927613615989685,
-1.02323317527771,
5.627164363861084,
-0.7432751655578613,
-0.019258782267570496,
-3.097355842590332,
0.5247984528541565,
0.34265512228012085,
0.4590739905834198,
-1.4888355731964111,
2.298389434814453,
-1.0493154525756836,
-0.7533363103866577,
2.7179033756256104,
-1.1346759796142578,
-0.8752089738845825,
-0.22196882963180542,
0.0012880265712738037,
2.334371328353882,
1.9139184951782227,
1.3276069164276123,
6.60572624206543,
-2.6993203163146973,
2.2343204021453857,
-3.2220146656036377,
-7.275231838226318,
-1.248871088027954,
0.5294197201728821,
0.2969672381877899,
0.6288865208625793,
-1.9439462423324585,
2.0402333736419678,
1.3989735841751099,
-5.817558765411377,
3.60754656791687,
-4.227833271026611,
-2.1370046138763428,
-1.5501174926757812,
-0.16850394010543823,
-2.3180043697357178,
-0.6122652888298035,
0.9659352898597717,
2.2547826766967773,
-0.4733717441558838,
-4.782653331756592,
5.444408893585205,
1.0425609350204468,
0.820509135723114,
-3.1867666244506836,
4.515506267547607,
0.5436331629753113,
0.20380370318889618,
-2.123243570327759,
-1.0334290266036987,
-1.1535564661026,
-0.20186561346054077,
6.048061370849609,
-1.1546094417572021,
1.1324899196624756,
0.9242199063301086,
-0.48636066913604736,
-0.5511288046836853,
2.6079413890838623,
4.379817962646484,
-2.1871793270111084,
-4.817028045654297,
0.06695346534252167,
-0.2952621281147003,
-0.7690244913101196,
1.2915539741516113,
2.746549129486084,
-3.9467570781707764,
4.484099388122559,
1.1261379718780518,
-1.5833102464675903,
1.6615172624588013,
-2.3249764442443848,
4.72618293762207,
1.9506769180297852,
-0.9008981585502625,
-0.4235178828239441,
0.6375056505203247,
-6.742310047149658,
-1.0690864324569702,
-0.2755826413631439,
-1.5862761735916138,
-1.9662138223648071,
-0.812684953212738,
-0.8013182282447815,
-0.7801725268363953,
-1.3592352867126465,
-1.1188240051269531,
-3.1895227432250977,
-2.0816633701324463,
2.4335103034973145,
0.992530345916748,
0.38935402035713196,
3.092663526535034,
3.8136980533599854,
0.4029344320297241,
-0.7824916243553162,
0.44964587688446045,
1.0934492349624634,
3.1852662563323975,
-0.2642747759819031,
-2.9576401710510254,
2.388279676437378,
4.783839702606201,
1.9101147651672363,
-1.7248252630233765,
-1.5363867282867432,
-1.6256309747695923,
2.5276193618774414,
3.5107481479644775,
-3.535127639770508,
3.8609795570373535,
2.3200855255126953,
-1.1691190004348755,
-0.3856832981109619,
1.9645618200302124,
3.363760471343994,
-2.654097318649292,
1.562164545059204,
-1.9060888290405273,
-2.93379282951355,
-3.7199976444244385,
3.732032537460327,
-1.8037757873535156,
-3.672157049179077,
2.354687213897705,
-1.9184908866882324,
0.5790767669677734,
0.6767076849937439,
-0.6239158511161804,
-0.28193479776382446,
1.8117406368255615,
-2.697697877883911,
0.47671401500701904,
1.3303428888320923,
2.2581636905670166,
-5.3179755210876465,
-3.2066879272460938,
0.5388322472572327,
-0.5441834330558777,
-3.7172000408172607,
2.1709866523742676,
-2.269057512283325,
-0.24366427958011627,
1.348126769065857,
0.2748103737831116,
-3.6494619846343994,
-5.161770343780518,
0.7646620273590088,
-0.3639926314353943,
3.044938325881958,
3.0976691246032715,
-1.239530086517334,
-3.490366220474243,
0.9712238311767578,
-2.182711601257324,
0.7492725849151611,
0.7320667505264282,
0.5342586636543274,
3.1938529014587402,
-4.274629592895508,
1.7359095811843872,
1.8710129261016846,
1.1416075229644775,
-2.6573381423950195,
-2.090047597885132,
1.7757141590118408,
0.6265333890914917,
-3.108346939086914,
-3.02278470993042,
0.18678614497184753,
-1.030083179473877,
-0.5428863763809204,
-0.9442372918128967,
0.4978969693183899,
-1.128705620765686,
-3.1253104209899902,
2.1388051509857178,
3.6496903896331787,
-4.867056369781494,
0.3254530429840088,
-4.356510639190674,
3.394280433654785,
-2.0311150550842285,
-1.718599557876587,
0.8917907476425171,
2.920485496520996,
-4.739657402038574,
1.6445121765136719,
3.011997938156128,
-0.43201467394828796,
-1.5632712841033936,
1.3225561380386353,
0.7159220576286316,
2.019463062286377,
3.744546413421631,
-4.614777565002441,
2.2899656295776367,
-0.32058754563331604,
0.604333221912384,
-0.26228606700897217,
2.560389518737793,
-0.8610109090805054,
-0.42659905552864075,
-2.069030284881592,
0.25534921884536743,
0.6490782499313354,
-2.9320614337921143,
-0.2902582287788391,
-2.493276834487915,
-2.2905731201171875,
-1.8313250541687012,
-1.9178587198257446,
-1.6622021198272705,
-1.4667043685913086,
2.754366397857666,
1.2956053018569946,
0.3600658178329468,
-0.7436205148696899,
-1.1482772827148438,
-1.4307410717010498,
-1.2957236766815186,
0.034554608166217804,
0.06098434329032898,
4.663642406463623,
0.09969204664230347,
-2.155611753463745,
0.9528501033782959,
-0.9888037443161011,
2.7656161785125732,
1.6033210754394531,
-0.38937777280807495,
-1.4705158472061157,
1.876428246498108,
0.5534183979034424,
2.5015313625335693,
1.2063753604888916,
1.3367784023284912,
0.052085354924201965,
-0.058900006115436554,
-0.753974199295044,
2.773043632507324,
4.719762802124023,
-3.1522538661956787,
3.548490524291992,
0.3233206272125244,
3.2822351455688477,
2.8243489265441895,
2.888716459274292,
-0.624058187007904,
-2.7811944484710693,
-2.957404136657715,
-1.7404744625091553,
0.3872607946395874,
1.7560713291168213,
-1.3208088874816895,
-3.6051182746887207,
-1.645629644393921,
-1.5373609066009521,
-0.5888811945915222,
1.3985592126846313,
-2.107562780380249,
0.22530455887317657,
-0.37160247564315796,
-0.9611130952835083,
0.26965153217315674,
0.41943103075027466,
-1.514716386795044,
0.7777741551399231,
0.7907098531723022,
1.2618284225463867,
-0.21947705745697021,
-2.989346981048584,
2.1099114418029785,
-2.9938602447509766,
-1.066440224647522,
1.3935967683792114,
-3.403477907180786,
-0.4646238684654236,
-0.3952093720436096,
2.847590208053589,
3.373326063156128,
2.9597811698913574,
4.672336578369141,
-2.3221051692962646,
-0.9569050073623657,
1.8879938125610352,
-1.9665777683258057,
1.5513651371002197,
-2.4885499477386475,
2.2041568756103516,
-3.9761056900024414,
4.1498494148254395,
2.0737593173980713,
0.15031243860721588,
-2.1742870807647705,
-1.0882587432861328,
-1.5203050374984741,
1.908455729484558,
-2.742605447769165,
4.6551594734191895,
-2.979668617248535,
-1.2580939531326294,
4.950796127319336,
-3.4781923294067383,
-0.8255254626274109,
0.38732510805130005,
-2.8684239387512207,
-1.1261473894119263,
-2.249051570892334,
4.301544666290283,
2.722446918487549,
0.17350085079669952
] |
when i jump into the ocean, am i effectively displacing all the surrounding water enclosed by land? | i just came back from a big 5 day boat trip around palawan in the philippines. it just kind of occurred to me that when i jump from the boat into the water, the water i displace needs to go somewhere, and then i twisted my own brain by thinking that potentially i was changing the state of the whole entire ocean surrounding me, then i decided to ask the experts! | first of all, when you jump from a boat into water, there is no net change in displacement. the boat, without your weight, will displace slightly less, and provided you just float in the water, the magnitude should be equal. (if you dive completely below the water there will be a slight net displacement). the bigger question is if you make some disturbance in one part of the ocean, how long does it take the rest of the world's oceans to know about it. it is not instantaneous. the 'information' of the disturbance must propagate via wave motions which take finite time. locally the information will spread by [surface gravity waves](_url_1_) (what most people just call 'waves'). at longer length scales, the information would also be transmitted via [rossby](_url_0_) and [kelvin](_url_2_) waves. these are large-scale (10-100s of km) disturbances which arise because of the earth's rotation. these would take many days to cross an ocean basin. now a person would not displace enough water to actually create a rossby or kelvin wave (they are typically created by atmospheric forcing), but in general it is through these large scale planetary waves that a disturbance in one part of the ocean is transmitted to other places. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossby_wave",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_wave",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_waves",
"http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/oceans.htm"
] | [
0.3865739107131958,
0.24670350551605225,
1.868034839630127,
-0.06100711226463318,
0.8859219551086426,
-2.192193031311035,
0.7196580767631531,
0.2444741576910019,
0.8964967727661133,
0.1075778529047966,
1.4014333486557007,
-0.8287714719772339,
-0.1826697587966919,
1.8409242630004883,
0.360958456993103,
1.3980612754821777,
-1.8271220922470093,
-1.6126787662506104,
-4.449666976928711,
1.6845300197601318,
3.7487409114837646,
2.948413610458374,
-2.29972505569458,
-0.48665428161621094,
-1.3786792755126953,
0.7774636149406433,
-1.3764852285385132,
1.0247882604599,
0.8269200921058655,
0.23128122091293335,
-0.4659193158149719,
2.958970546722412,
-2.4673194885253906,
-1.2808992862701416,
1.3478995561599731,
0.4561266005039215,
-0.7912791967391968,
-0.5753315091133118,
-0.7209834456443787,
1.949936866760254,
-0.09740934520959854,
1.0605957508087158,
1.5502469539642334,
2.2604012489318848,
-0.33880361914634705,
2.056560754776001,
0.7004299163818359,
1.6436492204666138,
0.09027330577373505,
-0.4519597589969635,
-0.6568058133125305,
-0.5216367840766907,
-0.20790240168571472,
-1.2615628242492676,
-2.1663267612457275,
-0.28206491470336914,
-1.457785964012146,
-3.2987630367279053,
0.3013109266757965,
-2.948108673095703,
1.2370034456253052,
0.5607959628105164,
-1.4561492204666138,
0.5111598968505859,
2.841858148574829,
0.6516714692115784,
-2.19710636138916,
0.8431265950202942,
-0.5695940852165222,
2.797308921813965,
-1.8240419626235962,
0.21030579507350922,
0.30540022253990173,
-0.75474613904953,
1.8148953914642334,
-3.995420455932617,
0.25301826000213623,
2.9775190353393555,
-0.9353525638580322,
0.6798943877220154,
-1.0271607637405396,
-1.4039057493209839,
-2.2290432453155518,
-1.6828335523605347,
-0.9599160552024841,
1.1099646091461182,
1.3059592247009277,
0.5378509163856506,
2.483339548110962,
2.373396873474121,
-1.9968162775039673,
-3.180093765258789,
0.62324059009552,
-0.8891942501068115,
-1.134158968925476,
1.3604052066802979,
-2.5308997631073,
-2.1231143474578857,
2.5836238861083984,
-0.1010347232222557,
0.06116454303264618,
1.6934411525726318,
-3.07724666595459,
2.037729024887085,
0.2148652970790863,
0.6525970697402954,
0.8493956327438354,
1.5301806926727295,
0.5026885271072388,
1.3461568355560303,
-0.084972083568573,
0.15805935859680176,
1.856229543685913,
-0.9514533877372742,
-1.5354177951812744,
-0.5049460530281067,
0.3221288025379181,
-0.669406533241272,
-3.714027166366577,
-0.8503245115280151,
-1.1363276243209839,
-1.8140661716461182,
0.33389556407928467,
0.9603136777877808,
1.2473740577697754,
0.27529704570770264,
0.24814645946025848,
-0.5383511781692505,
-0.2264501452445984,
-1.7277812957763672,
1.1970412731170654,
-2.153219699859619,
0.6590151786804199,
1.447601318359375,
-1.0642144680023193,
-0.21508269011974335,
2.7498369216918945,
0.3186205327510834,
-2.4966466426849365,
4.7449750900268555,
2.3922038078308105,
0.5566941499710083,
-1.659952163696289,
-1.4253532886505127,
1.544066309928894,
1.8599324226379395,
-0.25707361102104187,
-1.256658911705017,
0.9520062804222107,
-3.4209060668945312,
-2.2631325721740723,
-2.0416736602783203,
-0.055085763335227966,
-2.409648895263672,
-1.3377820253372192,
-0.17737071216106415,
1.7449313402175903,
1.2972415685653687,
-1.3428878784179688,
1.0456950664520264,
-1.3784565925598145,
0.4844703674316406,
1.328564167022705,
1.2556521892547607,
2.2085165977478027,
1.1709238290786743,
0.19292980432510376,
0.3079895079135895,
-0.61295485496521,
-0.13369449973106384,
-0.8516543507575989,
2.188797950744629,
0.5026431679725647,
-2.4970386028289795,
2.4732825756073,
1.0875307321548462,
-2.4363977909088135,
-1.2446179389953613,
-0.2780471742153168,
0.1555449664592743,
-0.47399428486824036,
-0.48272544145584106,
2.8501205444335938,
-0.5552448034286499,
0.9248862266540527,
0.4926217794418335,
-2.2641942501068115,
0.8403000831604004,
-2.725041389465332,
0.06140163540840149,
0.6167008280754089,
-0.2578381597995758,
3.49941349029541,
3.4994702339172363,
-0.5742661952972412,
2.34982967376709,
-2.2243289947509766,
-2.1017653942108154,
-1.8826416730880737,
0.8339581489562988,
-0.6873342990875244,
-0.7957078814506531,
0.033077843487262726,
-1.5271705389022827,
0.9160982966423035,
-0.47833800315856934,
3.2435333728790283,
1.2313165664672852,
-3.0718626976013184,
0.6850504875183105,
0.5280988216400146,
-1.7130441665649414,
-2.3097939491271973,
-0.6548662781715393,
0.836967945098877,
-0.3763740658760071,
-1.7654061317443848,
-2.323815107345581,
-1.2869937419891357,
0.28159818053245544,
2.9353950023651123,
-1.8966946601867676,
0.9902348518371582,
-2.471625804901123,
-1.2429730892181396,
0.04934842884540558,
-2.636636972427368,
0.5080645680427551,
-0.5831818580627441,
0.4301498532295227,
2.9411823749542236,
2.4620492458343506,
-1.181459903717041,
-0.6735920906066895,
-0.942095160484314,
-1.5569337606430054,
-0.24242675304412842,
0.12409543991088867,
-1.615405797958374,
-2.153092622756958,
0.2156745046377182,
-0.010025620460510254,
-0.965045690536499,
-0.046269070357084274,
0.27553626894950867,
-1.7706220149993896,
0.2966945469379425,
-0.021167445927858353,
-0.674156904220581,
-0.20290035009384155,
-0.083464115858078,
-0.505036473274231,
-1.858866810798645,
1.1801252365112305,
-1.5385363101959229,
2.86850643157959,
1.1856483221054077,
-0.9641761779785156,
-3.6629698276519775,
2.879600763320923,
-0.334296315908432,
0.8733729124069214,
-1.125035285949707,
0.3283815383911133,
-0.166354700922966,
0.262825071811676,
2.584315299987793,
-1.965025544166565,
-1.6436063051223755,
-0.221504807472229,
-0.026546627283096313,
0.8814195394515991,
0.4482489824295044,
-0.7415273189544678,
1.1855833530426025,
-0.6075776815414429,
1.1526235342025757,
0.5034328699111938,
0.5659205913543701,
0.3956969976425171,
-1.6675478219985962,
-2.643406391143799,
0.22142460942268372,
0.8059844970703125,
1.3163111209869385,
-1.9327826499938965,
-1.1379997730255127,
-0.22048319876194,
2.662238121032715,
-2.478764057159424,
1.005587100982666,
3.9680542945861816,
0.07315889000892639,
0.9761923551559448,
2.0375900268554688,
-0.3033561706542969,
-1.0829411745071411,
-0.20920996367931366,
2.865011215209961,
0.054259754717350006,
0.6423742175102234,
-0.27327054738998413,
-2.8079237937927246,
1.3181604146957397,
-2.933654546737671,
2.964860677719116,
0.6059096455574036,
1.5155577659606934,
2.487583637237549,
-3.4413483142852783,
0.8631174564361572,
-4.334106922149658,
0.3892015814781189,
2.1940371990203857,
0.16920335590839386,
-0.046494632959365845,
-1.9756455421447754,
-0.022562429308891296,
-0.936574399471283,
0.608373761177063,
1.9913158416748047,
0.8835179805755615,
0.8948702812194824,
0.411431223154068,
1.733242154121399,
1.3504128456115723,
0.38181838393211365,
-0.33845189213752747,
-0.9735338091850281,
-0.16998273134231567,
-0.27085065841674805,
-0.01083219051361084,
1.718794584274292,
-0.09565286338329315,
2.4592111110687256,
-0.015296593308448792,
0.19369211792945862,
-2.459221839904785,
-1.693662405014038,
0.5667921304702759,
0.4826469421386719,
-0.19868479669094086,
-0.24340537190437317,
0.9606224894523621,
1.7348109483718872,
0.4004371464252472,
0.9714804887771606,
0.2787463963031769,
-1.8727933168411255,
-1.0107954740524292,
0.593402624130249,
0.9240438938140869,
-0.04187598079442978,
0.5969845056533813,
0.5832359790802002,
-1.1975678205490112,
-2.6480913162231445,
0.5613287687301636,
-3.2996792793273926,
-0.7891131639480591,
-0.3989526629447937,
3.585580587387085,
0.0031930506229400635,
4.0002360343933105,
-0.4877080023288727,
4.527118682861328,
-1.3183146715164185,
1.134437084197998,
-0.11180192232131958,
-0.30869728326797485,
-0.08365645259618759,
3.4880268573760986,
1.5679702758789062,
0.9577096104621887,
1.9324488639831543,
0.839451789855957,
-1.5236060619354248,
-0.7903191447257996,
-2.7192459106445312,
1.2915223836898804,
-1.5065951347351074,
2.7169456481933594,
0.07400894165039062,
-0.18018439412117004
] |
i saw two points of light both originating from a single source. what happened? | i took a [shower with the lights off](_url_1_)(sfw) and was able to see my shaver charging through the curtain which illuminated two different parts of the curtain. (see my crude [illustration here](_url_4_)) i used my hand as a reference, as that usually refocuses my eyes forcing them to see in sync with each other again ([like this](_url_3_)), *or* i'll see 2 of my hand ([like this](_url_0_)). in this case, neither happened and i was able to point back and forth between the two points as if there were two light sources. part of me wants to delve into theoretics here and wonder if there were actually 2 [(waves? particles?)](_url_2_) of light. is this theoretically possible? is there a much more *down to earth* explanation? | this is really tough to answer without knowing all the exact details of the situation. my guess would be that the shaver light was reflecting off of something (mirror, wall nearby?) and in the dark, that secondary source would still appear as a light "source" and not "just" a picture in a mirror. or perhaps the light refracted through water in the curtain (though that sounds unlikely to me. did the spots move if you tilted your head somewhat? (i personally think the medical stuff is a bit of a red herring here. it's probably a simpler explanation from some optical property of the room) | 3 | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/vjqt4.png",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/rzasi/i_shower_with_the_lights_off_because_i_find_it/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality",
"http://i.imgur.com/uhqj0.png",
"http://i.imgur.com/0Bwnd.png"
] | [] | [
-0.6869048476219177,
0.46720975637435913,
1.1710072755813599,
1.5989168882369995,
0.17771346867084503,
-0.9766783714294434,
-0.15574155747890472,
-0.028494611382484436,
1.3481955528259277,
-0.3839924931526184,
0.23305702209472656,
-0.8145925402641296,
-0.41966328024864197,
-0.3814779222011566,
0.3006618022918701,
-0.6938854455947876,
0.19241873919963837,
-0.1313147097826004,
-1.3255504369735718,
1.0977387428283691,
0.280163049697876,
-0.8123157024383545,
-0.645889401435852,
-1.416488528251648,
-0.06860844790935516,
0.10355143249034882,
0.12335813045501709,
-0.19824840128421783,
-0.3538990020751953,
-1.1283419132232666,
-0.4991499185562134,
0.5710392594337463,
-0.6463301181793213,
-0.49512988328933716,
-0.19198289513587952,
-0.845562219619751,
0.009616263210773468,
-0.30574947595596313,
-0.3115908205509186,
-0.48512977361679077,
-0.5641183257102966,
0.5291060209274292,
0.5015031099319458,
0.14190037548542023,
0.8052757978439331,
1.172210693359375,
1.0283763408660889,
-1.1444084644317627,
-0.5828137993812561,
-0.35838648676872253,
-0.9893880486488342,
0.14689868688583374,
-0.457224577665329,
0.5567222833633423,
-0.8861352205276489,
1.6603882312774658,
0.5408773422241211,
-0.8114321827888489,
0.13981765508651733,
0.3155673146247864,
-0.1704663634300232,
1.0424253940582275,
-0.9190665483474731,
1.06353759765625,
1.252950668334961,
-0.8475310206413269,
-1.4784009456634521,
-2.199591636657715,
-0.062171828001737595,
0.27734386920928955,
-0.028150483965873718,
-0.5094515085220337,
-0.4387011229991913,
-0.50574791431427,
0.7130066156387329,
-0.8494137525558472,
0.2641817629337311,
0.3282936215400696,
-0.1255970001220703,
-0.42851293087005615,
0.7455726861953735,
-0.7704132795333862,
-0.6168613433837891,
1.4800559282302856,
0.21507583558559418,
1.2832043170928955,
0.18770372867584229,
-0.13673311471939087,
-1.575531005859375,
-0.1940886229276657,
-0.8766885995864868,
-0.1588493287563324,
-0.5271856784820557,
-0.1540127545595169,
1.038346529006958,
-1.450226068496704,
-0.7626274228096008,
0.14679022133350372,
2.2727980613708496,
0.38427242636680603,
-0.4319193363189697,
0.34425508975982666,
-1.0811718702316284,
0.535210371017456,
0.656907856464386,
-0.9886078238487244,
0.3474361300468445,
0.624914288520813,
-0.3832029402256012,
-0.2082316279411316,
0.6407006978988647,
-0.07704761624336243,
0.22979602217674255,
-0.7675713896751404,
-0.12840016186237335,
-0.627433180809021,
0.6413730978965759,
-1.300606608390808,
-0.9440355896949768,
-0.4287787973880768,
-0.06016404181718826,
0.7403199076652527,
-0.9071273803710938,
0.14200417697429657,
-0.1927500218153,
-0.6037409901618958,
0.4132503569126129,
1.4348642826080322,
0.33405494689941406,
-0.12388423830270767,
0.5782054662704468,
-1.3683083057403564,
2.175262451171875,
1.8022711277008057,
0.05023092031478882,
1.227508306503296,
0.5289697647094727,
-0.34160101413726807,
1.0111205577850342,
0.647923469543457,
-0.038619041442871094,
-0.1269167810678482,
-0.9551927447319031,
1.0865732431411743,
-0.12274187803268433,
1.4138293266296387,
-1.8468759059906006,
-1.128670334815979,
-0.7912249565124512,
0.17899374663829803,
-0.7317795157432556,
-0.3079042434692383,
0.5141987800598145,
-0.5455898642539978,
-1.0811065435409546,
-0.4795922338962555,
-0.044485874474048615,
0.7920419573783875,
-0.4368213415145874,
0.7357776165008545,
0.7437286376953125,
0.24518057703971863,
-1.0893197059631348,
1.733797311782837,
0.3273186981678009,
-0.20921215415000916,
-0.9843239188194275,
-0.6346735954284668,
0.15012560784816742,
0.5648505687713623,
1.4818413257598877,
-0.23008230328559875,
0.2164948582649231,
-0.2897663116455078,
-1.1606637239456177,
0.46044617891311646,
-1.943840742111206,
1.5720882415771484,
0.4055294096469879,
0.6638618111610413,
-0.5748392939567566,
0.6953874230384827,
0.04433289170265198,
1.0266667604446411,
-0.021206136792898178,
-0.8825299143791199,
0.40925660729408264,
0.4321998953819275,
-0.15672780573368073,
1.3664906024932861,
-0.037117041647434235,
-0.6512832045555115,
-0.13010212779045105,
0.003979588858783245,
0.15402790904045105,
1.614852786064148,
-0.40650859475135803,
-0.9049623012542725,
-1.2321016788482666,
0.14988289773464203,
-1.1853479146957397,
-1.322700023651123,
0.6506829857826233,
0.04711134731769562,
-0.7980260252952576,
-0.541195809841156,
0.43388456106185913,
0.2335035651922226,
-1.2803010940551758,
1.452820897102356,
1.1299508810043335,
-2.35963773727417,
-2.4953761100769043,
0.9657717943191528,
0.912510097026825,
1.0197455883026123,
-1.8411345481872559,
-0.8070428967475891,
0.47775453329086304,
0.36550986766815186,
0.1639818549156189,
-1.8937361240386963,
-0.13311603665351868,
-1.4546582698822021,
-0.12003414332866669,
-0.8975656032562256,
-0.17115142941474915,
1.5719255208969116,
0.16231383383274078,
0.7637529969215393,
1.638486385345459,
1.0375864505767822,
0.001821964979171753,
1.447281002998352,
0.04137258231639862,
0.18949636816978455,
-0.07264092564582825,
-0.0734049379825592,
-0.5780994296073914,
-0.4420943260192871,
0.9750727415084839,
0.35078540444374084,
-0.37344446778297424,
1.0978143215179443,
0.1047721654176712,
-0.6265498399734497,
1.5296292304992676,
0.2213674634695053,
-0.18618030846118927,
1.6056687831878662,
0.7170445919036865,
-0.3944922983646393,
-1.3981869220733643,
0.8729943037033081,
-1.1326864957809448,
0.1925104409456253,
-0.9211515188217163,
0.7340861558914185,
0.3129686415195465,
1.0402992963790894,
-0.35503435134887695,
-0.5776913166046143,
-1.4386855363845825,
-1.5257025957107544,
-0.11736892908811569,
0.11804996430873871,
1.1917412281036377,
1.0139837265014648,
-0.7566332221031189,
-0.8876022696495056,
0.34734201431274414,
-0.5222156047821045,
-0.07216367870569229,
-0.3099626302719116,
0.15373511612415314,
0.5424345135688782,
-0.08453457057476044,
1.0882656574249268,
-1.5905109643936157,
0.4550666809082031,
-0.2772344946861267,
-0.7463489770889282,
-0.5714452266693115,
1.4065065383911133,
2.017332077026367,
0.11674222350120544,
-1.3451544046401978,
-2.025839328765869,
1.6555479764938354,
-0.8440515995025635,
0.03301578760147095,
1.1029479503631592,
0.8919171690940857,
-0.6192485690116882,
2.9734184741973877,
-1.122920036315918,
0.6505363583564758,
1.3870197534561157,
1.084535002708435,
0.17926762998104095,
-0.0374712198972702,
-0.8125067353248596,
-2.0125272274017334,
1.2399009466171265,
-1.255544662475586,
-0.48706498742103577,
0.8097659349441528,
1.3574506044387817,
1.4300209283828735,
-0.7457473874092102,
-1.0606921911239624,
-1.9259765148162842,
0.13109485805034637,
0.16414546966552734,
-1.1307251453399658,
1.6122212409973145,
1.130873441696167,
-0.04661363363265991,
0.7193148136138916,
0.45916318893432617,
-0.03798171877861023,
-0.105113185942173,
0.5888206958770752,
-0.09705138206481934,
-0.7644635438919067,
-1.6755036115646362,
1.4063574075698853,
-0.33959439396858215,
-2.314575433731079,
-0.2822571396827698,
-1.6313484907150269,
0.17866800725460052,
0.7252533435821533,
0.3552209138870239,
1.0588622093200684,
1.107304573059082,
-0.7383313775062561,
-1.523646593093872,
-0.6471242904663086,
0.4879004657268524,
-1.2344765663146973,
-0.3604264557361603,
0.23339766263961792,
0.8526309728622437,
0.027493789792060852,
1.0679852962493896,
-0.6225289106369019,
0.37176811695098877,
-1.003400206565857,
-0.5101211071014404,
0.9790118932723999,
1.7915290594100952,
0.6306238174438477,
0.8056590557098389,
-0.3396061956882477,
-0.6503928899765015,
-0.08055246621370316,
-0.25721806287765503,
0.8832626342773438,
-0.3130459785461426,
0.23914994299411774,
-1.840125560760498,
0.18898819386959076,
2.067871332168579,
0.21839773654937744,
1.2409316301345825,
1.7238303422927856,
-0.4234803020954132,
-1.32600998878479,
1.5569052696228027,
1.6724185943603516,
-0.02172989398241043,
-0.7933268547058105,
-0.011919885873794556,
-0.11744052171707153,
-2.1095938682556152,
0.3968789279460907,
0.3125935196876526,
-1.2997865676879883,
0.2538154125213623,
0.7786715030670166,
1.600912094116211,
0.9357045292854309,
0.5424003005027771
] |
i had a question regarding the brain, and neurotransmitters... | i was having a conversation regarding ai the other day, and qubits vs. bits came up, we figured we wouldn't see any real impressive ai until qubits were feasible; due to the almost insurmountable challenge of programming sentience. and so we wondered which type of transmissions the human brain worked with. on one hand, a 'quantum-computer' brain seemed absurd, while on the other a brain working in 1's and 0's seemed archaic. is it known whether the signals between neurons in the human brain more closely resemble bits, or qubits? or, is it that neither one is an accurate description of the phenomena? thanks! | disclaimer: everything i know about neurology is from cursory textbook readings! neither one is really accurate, from my understanding. in sensory systems, information is transmitted as a series of sharp electrical pulses, and information is encoded in the intensity and delay between pulses. so i guess it's more like an analog computer. a digital model of neurons (ie. "on" or "off") probably works in some cases. neural networks are an approximation of this for artificial intelligence - in nns, "neurons" have a number of inputs, and a single output, and a function mapping inputs to outputs. these are "analog", with some sort of curve as the mapping function. not quite relevant but might be a good simple model to look at. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.5498093366622925,
-1.9750537872314453,
-0.6945834159851074,
-0.5916968584060669,
-0.9900734424591064,
-0.12154272198677063,
0.1325686275959015,
-0.4876008629798889,
1.6160401105880737,
0.24676549434661865,
0.8653160333633423,
0.5306693911552429,
0.3511691093444824,
-0.03663969039916992,
-1.38337242603302,
-0.18815205991268158,
0.38985005021095276,
-0.3342636823654175,
-1.0769679546356201,
-0.5815373659133911,
1.5701534748077393,
0.324958860874176,
-0.7006003856658936,
-0.10761389881372452,
0.02032000571489334,
0.39425963163375854,
0.7561265826225281,
-0.7663066387176514,
-0.10653042793273926,
-0.7361741065979004,
-0.2555954158306122,
0.17430251836776733,
0.4925054907798767,
-0.050721339881420135,
-1.867175817489624,
0.11740732938051224,
0.43216073513031006,
0.6463069915771484,
0.6405080556869507,
0.8978710770606995,
0.32270875573158264,
0.20176666975021362,
0.06040440499782562,
0.8165526986122131,
0.9832742214202881,
0.5168380737304688,
-0.9582024812698364,
-1.2692011594772339,
-1.2788910865783691,
0.1859147548675537,
-1.630987286567688,
0.09143443405628204,
-0.4695618748664856,
0.09503152966499329,
0.79736328125,
0.620158851146698,
0.6027336716651917,
-0.7262385487556458,
-1.1990915536880493,
-0.5647354125976562,
-0.3062072992324829,
-0.6559886336326599,
-0.5886871218681335,
0.4607153534889221,
2.374464988708496,
-0.21104556322097778,
-0.031089909374713898,
-0.27031585574150085,
0.63288414478302,
0.301648885011673,
-0.13646413385868073,
0.1867993175983429,
-0.6087925434112549,
0.45238548517227173,
0.21722261607646942,
-0.7955033779144287,
-0.6703252792358398,
0.7952190041542053,
0.6431537866592407,
-1.4791007041931152,
1.4540925025939941,
0.3059486746788025,
-0.27075067162513733,
0.3330608606338501,
0.8542418479919434,
1.3422013521194458,
0.47598642110824585,
-0.5043623447418213,
-0.6150434613227844,
-0.05017957091331482,
-0.06220962107181549,
-0.9600347280502319,
-1.1077674627304077,
0.16302143037319183,
0.6679404973983765,
0.5302635431289673,
0.806659996509552,
-0.999865710735321,
0.9561344385147095,
0.6223591566085815,
-1.5503195524215698,
1.4160548448562622,
-1.6156491041183472,
-0.6923187971115112,
-0.2423681914806366,
-1.9271477460861206,
0.17936426401138306,
-1.4662024974822998,
0.3434062898159027,
-0.43211492896080017,
-0.535266637802124,
-0.9208880662918091,
-0.9122565984725952,
0.3140961527824402,
0.8393466472625732,
-1.7257814407348633,
0.8945720791816711,
0.828364908695221,
0.7602214217185974,
-0.2879284918308258,
-0.2633891701698303,
-0.9336176514625549,
0.29538387060165405,
1.5263066291809082,
0.7618823647499084,
-0.14168612658977509,
-0.5481974482536316,
1.1729282140731812,
0.04174076020717621,
0.18671709299087524,
0.4351189136505127,
0.23494583368301392,
-0.10909737646579742,
0.1337963491678238,
0.09859262406826019,
-0.6379942297935486,
2.003570556640625,
0.3211976885795593,
-2.4025967121124268,
1.7718675136566162,
0.08209884166717529,
2.5037050247192383,
0.2448454052209854,
0.1359328180551529,
-0.2550649344921112,
0.958603024482727,
-0.6308006048202515,
-0.8887398838996887,
2.017082452774048,
-1.143918514251709,
-0.21747025847434998,
-1.7379977703094482,
0.08840979635715485,
-1.3973252773284912,
-0.5448252558708191,
-0.33065131306648254,
-0.5374459624290466,
0.6018586754798889,
-0.9685981273651123,
0.06292645633220673,
-0.6367321014404297,
0.2977919578552246,
-0.08529394119977951,
0.5483811497688293,
2.4499399662017822,
0.1744529902935028,
0.7444741725921631,
-0.3058891296386719,
0.6378555297851562,
0.053350210189819336,
0.9343793392181396,
-1.0995454788208008,
-0.827088475227356,
0.5794377326965332,
0.11849910765886307,
0.5090640783309937,
-1.5814138650894165,
-1.3744300603866577,
0.0353076308965683,
-0.07201755046844482,
1.0473734140396118,
-1.0239135026931763,
1.7902438640594482,
1.4940099716186523,
-0.48010700941085815,
-0.251681387424469,
1.058959722518921,
0.9265328049659729,
-1.0192289352416992,
0.8905010223388672,
-0.4956654906272888,
-1.4996459484100342,
-0.2618013322353363,
1.0014269351959229,
-0.17312964797019958,
-1.6192468404769897,
2.0788512229919434,
-0.27832305431365967,
-0.9373435378074646,
-0.48356378078460693,
-1.7550287246704102,
-1.0006228685379028,
0.15819531679153442,
-0.895061731338501,
-1.717509388923645,
-0.4975252151489258,
-0.14479835331439972,
-0.18316340446472168,
-1.3074605464935303,
0.3281779885292053,
-1.20224928855896,
-1.3810590505599976,
0.04903969541192055,
1.2583887577056885,
0.7139657735824585,
0.08365122973918915,
-1.6406134366989136,
-0.06652294099330902,
-1.0810909271240234,
0.5622856020927429,
-0.06221604347229004,
-0.7484008073806763,
0.8175419569015503,
-1.0742900371551514,
-2.569690465927124,
-0.3447341024875641,
-0.6688867211341858,
1.678764820098877,
-0.22049471735954285,
0.42077815532684326,
1.1159389019012451,
-0.8755443096160889,
0.7921103239059448,
-0.4080868363380432,
-0.22432073950767517,
0.21325531601905823,
-0.46715596318244934,
0.6989082098007202,
0.8926506042480469,
-1.1772319078445435,
-2.274339199066162,
0.5905129909515381,
-0.12050548195838928,
-0.2553277611732483,
-0.5458001494407654,
1.031825065612793,
-1.282464623451233,
-0.4261777400970459,
1.245388388633728,
1.5584464073181152,
-1.2794981002807617,
0.7723711729049683,
-1.5124796628952026,
0.48258310556411743,
-0.42085152864456177,
-0.8412056565284729,
0.398676335811615,
-0.20684528350830078,
-0.22928175330162048,
2.32443904876709,
2.572971820831299,
-1.1107127666473389,
0.4423302114009857,
0.07699254155158997,
1.7552340030670166,
2.7436695098876953,
0.812286376953125,
1.7394654750823975,
-0.7379757165908813,
0.416471004486084,
-1.5949372053146362,
0.3595690429210663,
-0.28790387511253357,
0.2533372640609741,
1.5371030569076538,
0.8203407526016235,
-0.37745732069015503,
-0.8412240743637085,
-1.7729939222335815,
-0.3643011152744293,
-0.9256392121315002,
-1.7759132385253906,
0.6315587759017944,
0.7579720616340637,
-0.5570305585861206,
-1.6367297172546387,
-0.9029598236083984,
-0.631733775138855,
0.6178733706474304,
-0.455606073141098,
1.2150781154632568,
-0.23193679749965668,
2.0360023975372314,
-0.2984210252761841,
1.8132786750793457,
1.635030746459961,
0.5466759204864502,
-1.0586227178573608,
0.8208034038543701,
-0.1616518497467041,
-0.7384880185127258,
-0.5355299115180969,
-0.3939909338951111,
-0.43994614481925964,
-0.16108304262161255,
-0.39767682552337646,
1.4726850986480713,
-0.4304446876049042,
0.8187415599822998,
0.07014166563749313,
-0.48899221420288086,
0.5228923559188843,
0.47270292043685913,
-0.06450027227401733,
-0.8625038266181946,
1.1079388856887817,
-0.8225458860397339,
1.7221430540084839,
-0.26401278376579285,
0.5628512501716614,
-0.0945521891117096,
-0.8492872714996338,
0.06799621134996414,
-0.6601982712745667,
0.8697934150695801,
-1.134968876838684,
-0.1885204315185547,
-0.4792206883430481,
-0.9621108770370483,
-0.6117844581604004,
0.42937326431274414,
0.13737753033638,
-0.8408452868461609,
0.47672000527381897,
2.773838520050049,
0.8833622932434082,
-0.31682753562927246,
1.157699704170227,
-0.6019263863563538,
0.06955312937498093,
0.4760177433490753,
-0.09128045290708542,
-1.5801887512207031,
0.8481901288032532,
1.6434329748153687,
-0.121479332447052,
0.1291770339012146,
2.8207733631134033,
-0.9253515005111694,
-0.2818024456501007,
-0.20401346683502197,
1.9848778247833252,
1.1805771589279175,
0.4519278109073639,
1.4460042715072632,
0.002460632473230362,
0.23673197627067566,
0.25112515687942505,
-0.028458360582590103,
0.06488502025604248,
-1.084484338760376,
-1.9030323028564453,
-0.9220411777496338,
1.6681090593338013,
-0.5927258133888245,
1.2508857250213623,
0.5288187861442566,
-2.2215757369995117,
0.27196988463401794,
0.7630141973495483,
-0.3138030171394348,
1.5762141942977905,
1.0453745126724243,
-0.44383692741394043,
0.34585443139076233,
-0.22690458595752716,
-0.5733809471130371,
-0.7620968818664551,
-1.7062772512435913,
0.8466086983680725,
0.09668207168579102,
2.2719011306762695,
0.7151545882225037,
-0.10439746081829071
] |
do software companies suffer from diseconomies of scale? | hello, in microeconomics, we learn that marginal cost / atc / avc are u shaped due to dis-economies of scale. once quantity grows to a certain size, then factors of production start seeing diminishing returns and inefficiencies. however, the marginal cost of software produced essentially be downward sloping forever - once the software is developed, we can make infinite copies of the said software. the only "real" variable cost in this is additional developers for bespoke requirements and continued updates/ patches, making them immune to diseconomies of scale. & #x200b; thanks | this is really not an /r/askscience question, but i'll give it a go. asking about diseconomies of scale for companies that don't produce physical items is kind of meaningless, as you point out. that's only true if you assume that the software is shipped out and never updated or maintained. a company like microsoft might sell a two-year license to office 2019 for $200, but they still have to provide services like customer support, updates, bugfixes, security patches, or customization to every single buyer from governments to other companies. that level of support isn't free; as your number of customers increases, so does your number of potential support tickets (and the variance in your number of support tickets). but it's not just growth in the customer base. in many cases, if one company's software dominates the industry, everyone already uses it and there's nobody left to sell to . . . so you have to expand into different markets. as your company diversifies, you will naturally have to hire people for jobs that tend to be less profitable: lawyers, customer support, sales, developers, managers, etc. microsoft pulled in $110 billion of revenue last year, but their operating income (profit) was only around $35 billion. you can compare this to a gaming company like supercell (maker of clash of clans): in 2016, they recorded around 2.1 billion euros of revenue and 900 million euros in profit. as time goes on and sales continue to increase, we should expect supercell's revenue to grow, but their profit should stay relatively flat (and in reality, both have decreased to 1.6 and 0.6 billion euros respectively). if a company wants to become one of the biggest software companies in the world, they have to address the problems of more people in the world than anybody else. for an infrastructure rental company like amazon web services, this is an entirely different question. since aws' customer-facing portal is fully automated, it can accept hundreds of thousands of new customers/users with essentially no change in customer support or sales costs for amazon. they still need staff to manage datacenters, write containerization and maintenance code, and manage corporate contracts, but those don't grow exponentially with their number of customers. one might argue that aws isn't even in the software market at all. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.8511517643928528,
-5.679553508758545,
-4.379342555999756,
-3.468775510787964,
-0.8810755014419556,
-0.08733496069908142,
-1.725913405418396,
2.3543522357940674,
1.4320080280303955,
0.09236644208431244,
-0.7356127500534058,
7.149538993835449,
2.5728275775909424,
-4.000312328338623,
1.0349023342132568,
0.12161494791507721,
-0.08632120490074158,
-6.899736404418945,
-4.419007301330566,
-1.1288983821868896,
-2.857933521270752,
-6.8265604972839355,
-3.459383249282837,
-2.472357749938965,
2.6066627502441406,
-1.982445478439331,
-1.3172059059143066,
0.7289825677871704,
-1.033586859703064,
0.07521575689315796,
0.31419745087623596,
4.557838439941406,
5.3794684410095215,
0.9524948000907898,
2.199340581893921,
-0.20074030756950378,
-0.9987586140632629,
-2.0534512996673584,
-2.6510860919952393,
-1.784578800201416,
0.2632022500038147,
-1.2690351009368896,
-6.862658977508545,
0.1512986123561859,
-1.6390529870986938,
-0.45703285932540894,
4.165384292602539,
-0.5219830274581909,
-3.0578622817993164,
1.1635276079177856,
-0.49873751401901245,
-0.4996181130409241,
2.7060813903808594,
-1.3509812355041504,
-2.6842596530914307,
-2.5091042518615723,
-1.2802939414978027,
0.9919641613960266,
1.718611240386963,
0.7726948261260986,
2.876936197280884,
-7.048596382141113,
-0.262104868888855,
1.6022968292236328,
3.1542434692382812,
-0.043720543384552,
0.5935108661651611,
-1.9766877889633179,
-6.291687488555908,
-0.015587329864501953,
0.26530200242996216,
-5.070379257202148,
-4.424189567565918,
3.181197166442871,
2.5875000953674316,
0.18849460780620575,
2.818664312362671,
1.8375968933105469,
4.230001926422119,
0.8861895203590393,
-2.5824265480041504,
-1.7485418319702148,
-3.2337777614593506,
-2.985922336578369,
-3.1476669311523438,
-1.071854591369629,
4.757969856262207,
-1.3704956769943237,
2.7579421997070312,
-0.920819103717804,
0.22894321382045746,
3.8174004554748535,
4.908184051513672,
0.9834607243537903,
-3.1389355659484863,
1.4095335006713867,
1.7132318019866943,
-2.2011446952819824,
1.5915926694869995,
-1.6594603061676025,
-1.3370730876922607,
2.801159143447876,
-0.9859967231750488,
-3.388320207595825,
-2.4683175086975098,
-4.028347492218018,
3.8901984691619873,
6.231375694274902,
2.261866331100464,
0.34072190523147583,
-3.8063879013061523,
0.6116496324539185,
0.27018582820892334,
-4.68998908996582,
-2.9911112785339355,
2.047020196914673,
-5.32797384262085,
2.7719175815582275,
2.117501735687256,
-3.7544617652893066,
2.1894798278808594,
3.1651101112365723,
1.3357492685317993,
-0.46029213070869446,
-1.1676735877990723,
2.557332992553711,
-3.043811321258545,
3.071981191635132,
-6.891859531402588,
1.9357178211212158,
1.2860994338989258,
-1.6998612880706787,
-0.15809011459350586,
0.30592960119247437,
1.3859021663665771,
3.01922345161438,
-0.11557222902774811,
0.7559235095977783,
-1.4358717203140259,
5.559916019439697,
0.405376136302948,
4.629931449890137,
5.928226947784424,
3.6714653968811035,
-0.6435123682022095,
4.7459635734558105,
2.6111326217651367,
0.30033567547798157,
2.192707061767578,
-2.263216257095337,
0.2688800096511841,
2.6507339477539062,
2.9164915084838867,
-2.803751230239868,
-1.6810845136642456,
-0.08157026767730713,
5.299062252044678,
0.15652680397033691,
3.237145185470581,
0.07118058204650879,
-1.9844011068344116,
-0.4528951346874237,
-3.2446701526641846,
0.9091411828994751,
-2.567229747772217,
0.7772641777992249,
-0.5776293873786926,
1.0313711166381836,
-4.866497993469238,
4.7065935134887695,
-2.0820205211639404,
-1.2546528577804565,
-1.8917465209960938,
0.8442258834838867,
4.12579870223999,
-3.1886048316955566,
-1.0495078563690186,
2.669922351837158,
-1.6655433177947998,
1.8696236610412598,
-0.8321071267127991,
3.1808574199676514,
2.6667888164520264,
-1.1769816875457764,
-2.422123432159424,
-3.4611122608184814,
1.5482861995697021,
-0.14692460000514984,
-3.3835084438323975,
-2.0025458335876465,
-1.2349575757980347,
3.6093363761901855,
-3.2696645259857178,
4.472898483276367,
3.6818318367004395,
-3.20052433013916,
1.8868002891540527,
2.4450130462646484,
3.216913938522339,
-0.9618645310401917,
-0.6756161451339722,
-0.3298383057117462,
-3.53798770904541,
-2.247196912765503,
2.0005860328674316,
2.6844890117645264,
0.6672494411468506,
3.303595542907715,
-0.7764064073562622,
-0.012350708246231079,
1.2062041759490967,
-1.3010566234588623,
-1.294543743133545,
2.3582351207733154,
3.3600387573242188,
1.4118443727493286,
1.1843013763427734,
2.3654003143310547,
-2.407451868057251,
1.6203527450561523,
-4.235848426818848,
1.5043716430664062,
4.808922290802002,
-3.4210574626922607,
-2.9667513370513916,
-2.955965042114258,
-1.1680277585983276,
0.7836877107620239,
-1.7207626104354858,
1.3407553434371948,
0.9811782240867615,
-0.8993117213249207,
1.8772962093353271,
1.8679660558700562,
-0.18360620737075806,
-0.1859961748123169,
2.2781131267547607,
0.2156996726989746,
-6.5157389640808105,
-1.7876557111740112,
0.3231094181537628,
-0.9263193011283875,
4.057031631469727,
-3.4083220958709717,
-2.826693058013916,
3.431213855743408,
-2.607697010040283,
4.666563034057617,
-0.3488268256187439,
0.6733623743057251,
-8.895207405090332,
-0.025494564324617386,
1.00612473487854,
0.20619238913059235,
-0.8296363949775696,
-0.684688150882721,
-2.4664931297302246,
1.705103874206543,
0.09797561168670654,
0.7668612599372864,
-1.7083604335784912,
0.09560664743185043,
0.6187535524368286,
2.794541120529175,
1.5078128576278687,
-2.886678695678711,
-1.0947037935256958,
0.32656100392341614,
-0.629460334777832,
-0.9025585055351257,
1.3432514667510986,
-5.134011268615723,
6.495301246643066,
-2.7163474559783936,
3.1454975605010986,
4.326345920562744,
0.5888770818710327,
-1.0039764642715454,
-6.316954612731934,
3.717416763305664,
2.9351141452789307,
2.0384864807128906,
-3.7773520946502686,
1.818160891532898,
2.4478607177734375,
-0.630324125289917,
-0.13167400658130646,
1.599518895149231,
-3.4113991260528564,
-0.29321879148483276,
6.221186637878418,
0.3932419419288635,
-0.48044776916503906,
-0.5002362728118896,
1.6292706727981567,
-1.4951999187469482,
-3.306025505065918,
-2.3630781173706055,
-4.226583957672119,
2.8540031909942627,
-1.5773987770080566,
0.061217427253723145,
1.2264797687530518,
-1.8040302991867065,
-0.43220198154449463,
3.562164783477783,
3.2970404624938965,
1.432929515838623,
-0.6977876424789429,
-0.4643405079841614,
3.6012511253356934,
-3.17177677154541,
-1.0762187242507935,
-0.19048166275024414,
-3.7602784633636475,
-0.7812707424163818,
-3.3621246814727783,
0.3073049783706665,
1.2390512228012085,
2.375631809234619,
-0.4187847673892975,
2.2222187519073486,
3.838118314743042,
5.81144905090332,
0.05275403708219528,
-1.8959342241287231,
1.4872980117797852,
2.9654581546783447,
-1.3822091817855835,
3.2059717178344727,
0.1493089348077774,
-0.40331214666366577,
-5.585999011993408,
4.782695770263672,
1.061579704284668,
0.8373672366142273,
-3.0081162452697754,
3.6701362133026123,
-0.9882771968841553,
1.3772289752960205,
-0.029925912618637085,
6.013653755187988,
0.257712721824646,
1.2923380136489868,
-1.4120491743087769,
1.8271374702453613,
4.131622791290283,
2.1549460887908936,
1.4889094829559326,
0.7344876527786255,
2.1770288944244385,
-2.576760768890381,
0.5704679489135742,
-2.207602024078369,
1.1786231994628906,
-1.9560625553131104,
-1.740851640701294,
0.000048160552978515625,
-4.819769859313965,
-0.7827810645103455,
2.8289897441864014,
1.1161051988601685,
-0.8057762384414673,
1.5967350006103516,
-1.5877623558044434,
1.332944631576538,
-5.451998710632324,
-2.2351877689361572,
2.807654857635498,
-0.953195333480835,
1.3813523054122925,
-2.102699041366577,
0.1114194393157959,
-1.5078394412994385,
1.1951367855072021,
-2.746648073196411,
-3.825662136077881,
-0.6905497908592224,
-1.7692322731018066,
1.448569655418396,
-2.837876558303833,
-5.356234550476074,
6.4004926681518555,
1.276053786277771
] |
what kind of hazard symbols were used in the 1950's? | considering both [whmis](_url_1_) and [fire diamonds](_url_0_) were all invented after 1950 (1988 and 1960 respectively) what kind of system or symbols were used to indicate hazardous substances before that time? need this for a project i'm working on to be historically accurate and i've tried searching everywhere but can't find anything at all, so please if anyone knows any examples i would be in your debt. thanks for reading. | i have seen occupational hazard signs from the 40s, and they were really cool. they were hand-painted cartoon drawings trying to represent the hazard. for example, a guy getting shocked would represent an electrical hazard. a skull and crossbones still would represent poison. there would be a lot more text describing the hazard on the sign as well. the style was like what you see in wwii era propaganda. sadly, i don't have any pictures and they aren't online because they were for that specific site. the style was kind of similar to (though obviously a lot less scary than) wwi chemical weapons warnings. examples _url_1_ _url_0_ note the heavy use of text and the nonstandard symbolism. | 4 | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFPA_704",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_Hazardous_Materials_Information_System"
] | [
"https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c4/fe/25/c4fe25bb8d83471ccc8ddcbf72e8a96b.jpg",
"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/37928821834597294/"
] | [
-1.117443323135376,
2.3067305088043213,
-0.5768404006958008,
-0.4460708498954773,
1.8360670804977417,
-0.7010209560394287,
0.9144330620765686,
0.24364185333251953,
0.3780793249607086,
-1.312897801399231,
0.36079490184783936,
0.4453645348548889,
1.2457963228225708,
-0.9625372886657715,
0.7214865684509277,
-0.11971479654312134,
1.435631513595581,
-0.1924113631248474,
-0.9388227462768555,
0.44613564014434814,
1.1350562572479248,
1.5047446489334106,
1.6346876621246338,
0.010724008083343506,
-0.3912390470504761,
0.26706790924072266,
-0.735137939453125,
0.7373512983322144,
0.08347854018211365,
0.13446620106697083,
0.8505837321281433,
0.030621275305747986,
-0.9163830280303955,
0.21579976379871368,
0.8030669689178467,
-0.002389758825302124,
0.9986713528633118,
1.6461282968521118,
0.6821092963218689,
-0.3051277995109558,
-0.7890138030052185,
-0.29442182183265686,
0.01113465428352356,
0.3482086956501007,
-0.6251607537269592,
1.0599555969238281,
1.132460355758667,
-0.45017194747924805,
-0.8230476379394531,
-0.7648752331733704,
0.997132420539856,
-0.3883671760559082,
-1.3766655921936035,
-1.2848877906799316,
0.6521421670913696,
-3.6797802448272705,
-0.13237322866916656,
0.19502365589141846,
0.5527940392494202,
-0.8145127296447754,
-0.42648157477378845,
-0.01601385697722435,
0.1455470621585846,
2.3435115814208984,
0.9885661602020264,
0.04986303299665451,
0.10665134340524673,
-0.1782069355249405,
0.04838630557060242,
0.6114875674247742,
0.43051931262016296,
-1.0926408767700195,
0.4603240489959717,
0.42322269082069397,
-0.4109744429588318,
0.024783432483673096,
-1.8647668361663818,
-0.25001606345176697,
-1.0436891317367554,
-2.604775905609131,
0.13494445383548737,
-1.4068049192428589,
-0.04954506456851959,
0.44390249252319336,
0.9908496141433716,
0.5482451319694519,
1.3958373069763184,
0.11883619427680969,
0.903758704662323,
1.1298201084136963,
0.07953686267137527,
-0.19729919731616974,
2.0505805015563965,
0.6679660081863403,
0.307282954454422,
-0.37412041425704956,
0.46154215931892395,
0.7685867547988892,
-0.010869234800338745,
0.561861515045166,
-0.6823365092277527,
-0.569424033164978,
-1.0488460063934326,
0.5850303769111633,
0.557407796382904,
-0.9026628732681274,
-0.7650766372680664,
-0.8736751675605774,
-0.7349070310592651,
0.2798498272895813,
-1.0400282144546509,
-1.1349300146102905,
-0.07169393450021744,
-2.694709539413452,
-1.130201816558838,
-1.2157788276672363,
-0.4034610986709595,
-1.2281206846237183,
-0.8508910536766052,
-0.6368671655654907,
1.8751814365386963,
-0.3142364025115967,
-1.139569640159607,
1.0443307161331177,
0.6190028786659241,
1.3297280073165894,
-0.29849356412887573,
1.6735327243804932,
0.018525168299674988,
0.7441890239715576,
-0.7356782555580139,
-0.9593024253845215,
2.341172218322754,
0.21531575918197632,
-0.5136263966560364,
-1.5704331398010254,
0.2051258385181427,
0.8438293933868408,
0.7551277875900269,
0.8538989424705505,
-0.17066487669944763,
1.7192983627319336,
-0.050587788224220276,
-0.3261280357837677,
-1.3477909564971924,
-0.1857241839170456,
-1.0693390369415283,
-0.5470903515815735,
-1.125058889389038,
-1.0925639867782593,
1.1423722505569458,
-0.08814999461174011,
-0.6566909551620483,
2.941474437713623,
-0.605553388595581,
1.2147916555404663,
0.6670099496841431,
1.7854256629943848,
-0.18724551796913147,
0.8513524532318115,
1.5254703760147095,
0.4565931558609009,
0.5272079706192017,
1.693994164466858,
0.9326562881469727,
-1.6845343112945557,
-1.666513442993164,
-0.9616071581840515,
1.0607926845550537,
0.06259959936141968,
-0.20080329477787018,
1.141821265220642,
1.2218775749206543,
0.5681226849555969,
-0.8557306528091431,
-0.44263947010040283,
-1.21096670627594,
0.5982797741889954,
0.17205742001533508,
1.2132164239883423,
-0.9091922044754028,
-2.2769482135772705,
-0.18349376320838928,
1.1203614473342896,
-1.7175774574279785,
0.07432521134614944,
0.9357501268386841,
-1.1740648746490479,
-0.5371060967445374,
1.3149325847625732,
0.9351164102554321,
0.15175488591194153,
1.4053809642791748,
-1.2816987037658691,
-0.4282865524291992,
1.2130262851715088,
-0.8969894647598267,
-1.8147964477539062,
-0.02244424819946289,
0.45748278498649597,
0.293964147567749,
-1.0482964515686035,
-1.4374146461486816,
-0.501866340637207,
-1.4408717155456543,
0.8348174095153809,
-0.4456602931022644,
-0.6173479557037354,
-0.8365270495414734,
-0.5533978939056396,
0.09728503972291946,
-0.4398251473903656,
-0.3052331209182739,
-0.1346895843744278,
1.6990649700164795,
-0.7625209093093872,
-2.6175224781036377,
-0.829725444316864,
-0.4211495518684387,
0.8009784817695618,
0.544988214969635,
-1.830000400543213,
-1.0687083005905151,
-1.946995735168457,
-0.6103872656822205,
1.269155740737915,
-1.0512504577636719,
1.2373380661010742,
-0.6816011667251587,
1.1888893842697144,
-0.08758272230625153,
0.22582486271858215,
2.100179433822632,
1.5386133193969727,
-0.6690980792045593,
0.13077253103256226,
-1.7473962306976318,
-0.3574828505516052,
-0.1940242350101471,
-1.1739838123321533,
-0.1332213580608368,
0.03944045305252075,
-1.3281776905059814,
0.7318801879882812,
0.3852536082267761,
-1.8733594417572021,
-1.1882538795471191,
0.4238518476486206,
-0.8596428632736206,
2.3640048503875732,
-1.5437639951705933,
-0.4446103572845459,
-1.2050715684890747,
0.6249246597290039,
-0.4068302512168884,
2.404794931411743,
-0.34349095821380615,
1.1882765293121338,
-0.10128168761730194,
-0.27959901094436646,
0.9984549283981323,
-1.5150164365768433,
-0.09494546055793762,
-2.901865243911743,
1.2289570569992065,
0.8084890842437744,
-0.2783958613872528,
1.0345836877822876,
-2.03029203414917,
-0.0074378252029418945,
-2.1951584815979004,
-0.2861449420452118,
1.3298379182815552,
-1.5011852979660034,
1.5675820112228394,
0.3086891770362854,
0.0323413610458374,
-0.8205810785293579,
-1.4369580745697021,
-0.597557544708252,
-0.3646838665008545,
-2.9153366088867188,
0.2301330864429474,
2.1870369911193848,
-1.2524265050888062,
0.491794615983963,
-0.7127583622932434,
-0.33059731125831604,
1.0244245529174805,
-0.5818522572517395,
-1.338822364807129,
0.5917344093322754,
0.15303896367549896,
0.3862312138080597,
1.5360389947891235,
0.3641328811645508,
-1.2186850309371948,
-0.47487905621528625,
-1.3766019344329834,
-0.3150653839111328,
0.4567246437072754,
1.4264428615570068,
-0.9480292797088623,
1.2292495965957642,
0.07655252516269684,
-0.9474698305130005,
0.5205389261245728,
0.6428351998329163,
1.603447437286377,
-0.5831948518753052,
-1.9654033184051514,
0.48335984349250793,
-1.1582856178283691,
1.7987737655639648,
0.060678377747535706,
2.173262596130371,
0.3374238610267639,
1.1616401672363281,
-0.1637209951877594,
0.1935759037733078,
0.08088481426239014,
0.5850493311882019,
0.9691067934036255,
-0.33883997797966003,
-0.6533292531967163,
0.1215394139289856,
-0.4532351791858673,
-0.12923191487789154,
-1.0777003765106201,
-0.12018123269081116,
-0.9977655410766602,
-0.5045498609542847,
-0.8703687787055969,
0.12562015652656555,
0.15380293130874634,
0.2638700008392334,
-1.3311399221420288,
-1.6537750959396362,
-1.5540884733200073,
0.1615176796913147,
-0.5048761367797852,
1.8727666139602661,
0.19604067504405975,
-0.9167295694351196,
-0.7882499694824219,
1.4743177890777588,
0.12875744700431824,
-0.04069945216178894,
-0.09751862287521362,
0.7437344193458557,
0.27110928297042847,
2.3426315784454346,
0.15689750015735626,
-0.07328864187002182,
1.046800136566162,
-0.46950921416282654,
-0.30086004734039307,
-0.07169631123542786,
0.7659754157066345,
-0.4613981544971466,
0.32391560077667236,
-1.174626111984253,
0.5921367406845093,
3.174015998840332,
1.990537405014038,
1.928973913192749,
-0.840976357460022,
-0.03620447218418121,
-0.6320117115974426,
-0.20008869469165802,
1.3404290676116943,
0.02177882008254528,
0.6554008722305298,
1.23332679271698,
0.5004152059555054,
-1.269105315208435,
0.758750319480896,
0.8399590849876404,
0.2914654612541199,
0.7256515026092529,
1.6423777341842651,
-0.1797124445438385,
0.6711076498031616,
0.528741717338562
] |
can someone explain the conservation of energy with a gaussian gun? | as displayed [here](_url_0_), the attraction of the magnets causes the last bearing to fire off with much greater momentum than the initial ball began with. i understand there is extremely rapid acceleration of the initial bearing caused by its proximity to the magnets, so the extra velocity is generated by the magnets. i guess my question is what energy loss the magnets experience. this, of course, brought about further questions of perpetual motion machines. | the short explanation is that the energy lose comes from the first ball. it starts at a high potential energy, and as it moves to the magnet it loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy. that energy is transfered through the nearly perfectly elastic collision with the magnets and ball bearings and transfered to the final ball bearing. momentum is conserved by the system of magnets/bearings being propelled backwards (and before that by the magnets and bearings being attracted to the "falling" bearing). energy is also conserved by the first bearing losing potential energy. you could set up a system of these in order and gain lots of kinetic energy, but you couldn't set up a perpetual motion machine. the first bearing would take as much energy to separate from the magnet it's now next to as it put into the end ball in the first place (slightly more, actually, thanks to friction), so no perpetual motion results. | 6 | [] | [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7CyPtF0ChA"
] | [
"http://imgur.com/sAlmurd"
] | [
-3.114898443222046,
1.402314305305481,
1.8138089179992676,
0.3176926374435425,
0.01928502321243286,
-1.3938583135604858,
0.10532373189926147,
1.849286675453186,
1.0546536445617676,
-0.6083142757415771,
1.3272650241851807,
2.8481101989746094,
-0.6423749327659607,
0.16549207270145416,
1.503015398979187,
0.39084550738334656,
-3.523423671722412,
0.11602327227592468,
-0.9114589095115662,
2.1915876865386963,
2.2059950828552246,
-0.35684001445770264,
-1.0148941278457642,
-0.03506769239902496,
-3.0247740745544434,
1.207078218460083,
-1.0706276893615723,
0.6251838803291321,
1.265402913093567,
-1.4341132640838623,
-0.071121945977211,
-1.6896331310272217,
-3.7256879806518555,
-0.7821858525276184,
-1.0148063898086548,
0.5356831550598145,
-1.9817227125167847,
-2.0877561569213867,
-0.3703234791755676,
0.12660230696201324,
-1.2070451974868774,
-0.3024967610836029,
1.8669160604476929,
0.37919485569000244,
-0.5112651586532593,
3.294235944747925,
2.62062931060791,
0.5802051424980164,
0.397311270236969,
-1.9613194465637207,
-0.9523367285728455,
1.1966451406478882,
2.2815659046173096,
-2.071671485900879,
0.23970112204551697,
2.577145576477051,
2.7760114669799805,
-0.3569795787334442,
-1.8829275369644165,
-0.44135239720344543,
1.9853719472885132,
-0.7170678973197937,
-0.9181081652641296,
-0.09461323916912079,
3.692495584487915,
-1.421647548675537,
0.7784436345100403,
0.5793352127075195,
-0.8403464555740356,
2.976041555404663,
2.5326244831085205,
-0.9751812219619751,
-0.7881340980529785,
0.05458158254623413,
1.6239194869995117,
0.6817891001701355,
0.6698393821716309,
2.7790684700012207,
0.3830724060535431,
0.49128758907318115,
-1.7653487920761108,
-1.2107439041137695,
-3.4647603034973145,
-2.0178067684173584,
-2.0461909770965576,
1.9695212841033936,
1.2228412628173828,
-0.3411491811275482,
0.8838790059089661,
0.1197824776172638,
-1.7688870429992676,
2.041992664337158,
-0.8418790102005005,
2.1433002948760986,
1.5887514352798462,
2.2933568954467773,
-1.0961226224899292,
0.0032268837094306946,
-0.6480161547660828,
-0.81923907995224,
-0.5290582180023193,
1.464953064918518,
-1.6830235719680786,
1.467165470123291,
-1.5526162385940552,
-0.39691436290740967,
-1.0922218561172485,
1.711750864982605,
1.3247631788253784,
0.6370569467544556,
1.428337574005127,
-0.001765906810760498,
0.743648886680603,
2.4876153469085693,
-4.185451507568359,
-0.04921790957450867,
-0.08185058832168579,
0.3987617492675781,
-1.445328712463379,
-0.47528761625289917,
-0.11554503440856934,
-2.7093286514282227,
-0.6431645750999451,
-0.7873039841651917,
-1.1792051792144775,
-3.1410117149353027,
-0.6493973731994629,
0.06785613298416138,
-0.8470876812934875,
-1.6511280536651611,
1.5407190322875977,
-2.4074509143829346,
-1.598362684249878,
0.20187771320343018,
-0.5432056188583374,
-0.005822405219078064,
2.244375705718994,
0.4811762869358063,
-1.5125494003295898,
3.0013267993927,
0.21349763870239258,
1.3928720951080322,
-0.1977863609790802,
-4.47696590423584,
-0.8381874561309814,
-1.2788021564483643,
1.972295880317688,
-1.8279353380203247,
0.7400307655334473,
1.7582061290740967,
0.29917198419570923,
-3.009993076324463,
0.3452576994895935,
1.8537235260009766,
-0.4243274927139282,
-0.36952200531959534,
-0.9302756786346436,
0.6694666147232056,
0.9771369695663452,
-0.0030232667922973633,
-1.1478303670883179,
2.213266611099243,
1.7895816564559937,
-0.5295453667640686,
0.8579121232032776,
-0.15390653908252716,
-1.5805288553237915,
-1.4743674993515015,
0.5205554962158203,
-1.5896190404891968,
-1.5345250368118286,
0.8036577701568604,
-1.1714603900909424,
-2.13911771774292,
1.6447821855545044,
-0.6597172021865845,
-3.4534411430358887,
-1.714568018913269,
1.2810051441192627,
1.3466171026229858,
1.0070271492004395,
0.01907774806022644,
2.7229223251342773,
-1.6785081624984741,
0.2002762109041214,
1.1076467037200928,
-1.8319381475448608,
-1.6227344274520874,
-0.21977746486663818,
-0.8157765865325928,
2.080166816711426,
0.03349405527114868,
0.8066012859344482,
1.9823062419891357,
1.5296075344085693,
1.3412010669708252,
-0.9536054134368896,
1.1016331911087036,
1.979408621788025,
-1.351567029953003,
0.23240028321743011,
-0.7890021800994873,
1.0060293674468994,
1.083686113357544,
-1.8255608081817627,
-0.8417391777038574,
0.9310615658760071,
-1.948452353477478,
-1.7769814729690552,
-0.7157430648803711,
-0.20749491453170776,
-4.377040863037109,
0.09674686193466187,
1.655557632446289,
0.15034735202789307,
-0.04406166076660156,
-1.356742024421692,
-1.232285976409912,
-1.3501224517822266,
-1.0761747360229492,
2.470999240875244,
2.432372808456421,
-1.2593214511871338,
-1.406721591949463,
-1.5215396881103516,
-0.4787832796573639,
0.6412122845649719,
0.9579744338989258,
1.1815307140350342,
0.5002912878990173,
-0.43775415420532227,
0.13118721544742584,
-1.7109143733978271,
1.3214472532272339,
0.9012922048568726,
-1.115166425704956,
-2.198063850402832,
1.6136062145233154,
0.09220629930496216,
-0.9891675710678101,
0.5894967317581177,
-3.3769783973693848,
-1.546955943107605,
-0.481861412525177,
4.1158647537231445,
1.6932860612869263,
-0.9545955061912537,
1.2389404773712158,
-0.9260287880897522,
-0.05837485194206238,
0.8117259740829468,
1.1516847610473633,
-2.8681509494781494,
1.5859342813491821,
1.4072132110595703,
0.5401326417922974,
2.69755482673645,
0.639907956123352,
-1.8154115676879883,
-0.9248815178871155,
-0.14346367120742798,
2.299928665161133,
0.8941803574562073,
-3.5557949542999268,
0.3969859778881073,
0.24659192562103271,
1.8168847560882568,
1.7342514991760254,
-0.5655250549316406,
-2.3144023418426514,
-0.6004610061645508,
-0.6876176595687866,
1.383431077003479,
-0.4600101709365845,
2.243417739868164,
-1.0051621198654175,
-0.2538082003593445,
-1.1485722064971924,
-0.6818795800209045,
0.8610759973526001,
-0.6656471490859985,
-0.9589949250221252,
0.8591400384902954,
1.4881385564804077,
0.5639665126800537,
-1.2659045457839966,
-0.9150679111480713,
-2.886103391647339,
0.8547985553741455,
1.15298593044281,
-0.7837873101234436,
1.7743144035339355,
0.017143502831459045,
-0.23553091287612915,
0.7120300531387329,
3.8991522789001465,
-0.2660912275314331,
0.7739754915237427,
-1.0949093103408813,
1.717722773551941,
2.327110528945923,
-0.6852107048034668,
-0.380975604057312,
-0.9242917895317078,
-0.9544944167137146,
-0.8786150813102722,
1.3386671543121338,
0.18814024329185486,
-1.0275464057922363,
-0.41006729006767273,
-4.386488437652588,
-2.339634656906128,
0.5428984761238098,
2.0511960983276367,
-0.6154022216796875,
-0.2470051497220993,
2.134657382965088,
2.6885836124420166,
-1.793463945388794,
0.16791680455207825,
1.5378847122192383,
0.4397048354148865,
3.017552614212036,
-0.09374430030584335,
-0.3454071879386902,
1.9857008457183838,
1.1022186279296875,
-0.633794903755188,
1.3309991359710693,
-0.7667417526245117,
0.3278440833091736,
-0.6346558332443237,
2.042069911956787,
0.7598406076431274,
1.2081496715545654,
1.2507084608078003,
-2.52789044380188,
-0.4550158977508545,
-1.5564030408859253,
-0.9229708909988403,
-0.29321804642677307,
-0.6762460470199585,
1.2705485820770264,
1.7991975545883179,
0.48872148990631104,
-1.1571911573410034,
0.4277770221233368,
-1.715423345565796,
-0.6979271769523621,
0.5550687313079834,
-1.6381627321243286,
1.6053972244262695,
3.5045487880706787,
0.2830299139022827,
-0.8549200892448425,
-1.8054476976394653,
-0.35654154419898987,
0.5331984162330627,
0.2554067373275757,
0.3276253342628479,
0.5985932350158691,
2.9587316513061523,
-0.08412350714206696,
3.043983221054077,
-1.9077402353286743,
1.0000884532928467,
-3.480243682861328,
0.12454092502593994,
-2.0047099590301514,
3.3059725761413574,
1.6129121780395508,
2.2124199867248535,
-0.789203405380249,
-1.5284912586212158,
1.6800401210784912,
-0.1544153094291687,
-2.4682321548461914,
2.437432289123535,
-3.725395679473877,
0.2798789441585541,
-0.03231808543205261,
-0.358477920293808,
1.5632576942443848,
0.8961736559867859
] |
anyone have an idea of the rod-cone ratio of a scallop's eye? | from what i've been able to find, i'm not sure that scallops have different photoreceptor types that map on to these. they do have a two-layer retina with each retina using different opsins, but these may have to do with the fact that cells of one retina depolarize and others hyperpolarize in response to light ([speiser and johnsen 2008](_url_0_) < - pdf!). | 3 | [] | [] | [
"https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0232/0370bf2808f4902557d94a0a5fd4429f75f5.pdf"
] | [
-0.7067926526069641,
-0.33869966864585876,
-0.22270828485488892,
0.5457753539085388,
0.06799724698066711,
-0.0339694619178772,
0.37179040908813477,
-0.49889522790908813,
0.199203222990036,
-0.06947894394397736,
0.6063076257705688,
0.12580642104148865,
0.07103481143712997,
-0.3630748987197876,
-0.12275269627571106,
0.47898241877555847,
-0.5973809957504272,
0.6552785038948059,
-0.7414510250091553,
0.7987377047538757,
0.7717971205711365,
-0.3896559774875641,
0.3365318775177002,
-0.14601723849773407,
0.35534679889678955,
-0.5807315111160278,
-0.5040374994277954,
0.006344407796859741,
-0.31680721044540405,
0.4629831910133362,
0.24172654747962952,
0.2133236825466156,
-1.0258456468582153,
0.6529704928398132,
0.26373255252838135,
-0.7296777367591858,
-0.3892575204372406,
0.3821513056755066,
-0.1680629402399063,
0.05588099732995033,
-0.20849360525608063,
-0.4445275664329529,
-0.5620631575584412,
0.19682665169239044,
-0.14735999703407288,
0.9287285208702087,
0.08096219599246979,
0.34574222564697266,
-0.44998568296432495,
-0.22235926985740662,
-0.25958341360092163,
-0.7517287731170654,
-1.3446846008300781,
0.41778284311294556,
0.4581875205039978,
0.3022473454475403,
-0.8056961894035339,
0.24659031629562378,
0.765845537185669,
-0.48380523920059204,
0.025741301476955414,
-0.5629752278327942,
0.54001784324646,
0.4749397039413452,
0.6970933675765991,
0.38879165053367615,
-0.5370234251022339,
-0.6297191977500916,
-0.1049390584230423,
-0.5548534393310547,
-0.13142091035842896,
0.5638364553451538,
-0.2398645579814911,
0.08581563830375671,
0.4334849715232849,
-0.12942326068878174,
-0.8071979284286499,
0.5581902861595154,
-0.3707076907157898,
-0.6289987564086914,
1.2214909791946411,
-0.2247144877910614,
-0.350416362285614,
0.9240772128105164,
0.6525385975837708,
0.35563772916793823,
-0.27776557207107544,
-0.34266167879104614,
-0.5648909211158752,
0.21085789799690247,
0.1674715280532837,
-0.7545130252838135,
-0.49377113580703735,
-0.2581096291542053,
-0.052744656801223755,
-0.039754897356033325,
0.38393786549568176,
-0.5215644240379333,
0.271398663520813,
0.6220755577087402,
-0.6374452114105225,
-0.7289721965789795,
0.060102201998233795,
0.16358695924282074,
-0.10755570232868195,
-0.45334604382514954,
0.16171804070472717,
0.4550420641899109,
-1.2717742919921875,
0.6454480886459351,
0.305080384016037,
-0.3059212565422058,
0.28403323888778687,
-0.8992509841918945,
-0.05588598549365997,
-0.9338409900665283,
-0.17649614810943604,
0.2357272356748581,
0.5695253610610962,
-0.8038870692253113,
-0.43743133544921875,
-0.2304813116788864,
0.028528109192848206,
0.18825700879096985,
0.947512686252594,
0.7298871874809265,
-0.3223360776901245,
0.8307429552078247,
0.76442551612854,
0.6435256600379944,
0.5941505432128906,
0.07726726680994034,
0.5657238364219666,
0.8722600340843201,
-0.10086321830749512,
-0.3148522973060608,
0.2909204959869385,
-1.0838019847869873,
-0.6368061304092407,
0.48580142855644226,
-0.07913865894079208,
0.4464639127254486,
0.2090379148721695,
0.16138646006584167,
0.14786069095134735,
1.024505853652954,
-0.5336583852767944,
0.03600786626338959,
-0.6608430743217468,
0.7351910471916199,
-0.36337143182754517,
-0.7627792358398438,
-0.12250936031341553,
-0.31939947605133057,
0.17189785838127136,
-0.4805006980895996,
-0.4078524708747864,
0.26071980595588684,
0.025176212191581726,
1.3180608749389648,
-0.4851081669330597,
-0.04438948258757591,
-0.5545419454574585,
1.188096284866333,
0.24207338690757751,
-0.44900867342948914,
-0.22491595149040222,
-0.6556750535964966,
-0.08994211256504059,
0.5505701303482056,
0.3624266982078552,
-0.4857114255428314,
0.2782555818557739,
-0.17174558341503143,
-0.3386959135532379,
-0.007018968462944031,
-0.3562133312225342,
-0.41061827540397644,
0.2025153636932373,
-0.23543089628219604,
-0.3184400796890259,
-0.020556040108203888,
0.7091249227523804,
-0.17600597441196442,
0.4821966588497162,
-0.0256669744849205,
0.7343696355819702,
0.30928102135658264,
-0.9076999425888062,
-0.23814138770103455,
-0.2555010914802551,
-0.5937541723251343,
0.4348919689655304,
0.48793306946754456,
-0.2472572922706604,
-0.12119908630847931,
-0.23482878506183624,
0.34207651019096375,
0.5067123770713806,
-0.3537330627441406,
0.03848699480295181,
-0.03445689380168915,
0.6716262102127075,
0.16780942678451538,
-0.5565580725669861,
0.1532188504934311,
-0.5455421805381775,
0.48417434096336365,
-1.2135288715362549,
0.614511251449585,
-0.1450805366039276,
-0.36686521768569946,
-0.9452140927314758,
-0.547267735004425,
-0.34475991129875183,
0.4174024164676666,
-0.5728635787963867,
-0.540805995464325,
0.45160144567489624,
0.4797039031982422,
-0.4781404137611389,
-0.3867787718772888,
-0.7311804294586182,
-0.6500893235206604,
-1.0582036972045898,
-0.3425057530403137,
-0.6481404304504395,
0.4180828034877777,
-0.955720067024231,
0.709186851978302,
-0.11332732439041138,
-0.14826327562332153,
-0.039499685168266296,
-0.1263740360736847,
0.3452446162700653,
-0.3076976537704468,
0.13870923221111298,
-0.5570800304412842,
0.18752145767211914,
-0.40907496213912964,
-0.18394380807876587,
0.1782921403646469,
-0.4208272099494934,
-0.21763914823532104,
-0.0946165919303894,
-0.1446162760257721,
0.5974225401878357,
0.9572423100471497,
0.5882382392883301,
0.9026959538459778,
0.37331220507621765,
0.5634972453117371,
0.2228172868490219,
-0.32555514574050903,
0.24834153056144714,
-0.38649874925613403,
-0.2963656783103943,
0.18087108433246613,
-0.4266843795776367,
0.3446170389652252,
0.16837386786937714,
-0.003725796937942505,
-0.0890885442495346,
0.5702473521232605,
0.04359079897403717,
0.5088123083114624,
0.8306525945663452,
0.6600155234336853,
-0.1422463059425354,
-0.5549308657646179,
0.38141703605651855,
0.3045797049999237,
0.042354196310043335,
-0.15226946771144867,
-0.6167632937431335,
0.1782773733139038,
-0.9894784092903137,
-0.9032290577888489,
-0.4755539298057556,
-0.09798786044120789,
-0.18177905678749084,
-0.15436749160289764,
-0.1724986881017685,
-0.05396508425474167,
0.4239453077316284,
-0.726250946521759,
-0.04451923444867134,
0.1292959451675415,
0.41230639815330505,
-0.3489575982093811,
0.32953599095344543,
-0.39338505268096924,
-0.16918891668319702,
0.32051247358322144,
1.0455636978149414,
-0.34450748562812805,
0.3054937720298767,
-0.8185247778892517,
0.772240400314331,
-0.5701398253440857,
0.050683170557022095,
1.2979005575180054,
-0.637484610080719,
0.19120968878269196,
-0.9941868782043457,
-0.06161797046661377,
0.1712045818567276,
0.7797608375549316,
0.638415515422821,
-0.11729836463928223,
0.44026222825050354,
-0.7285657525062561,
0.2689208686351776,
0.20921653509140015,
-0.6605063676834106,
0.8952137231826782,
-0.031950443983078,
0.3358691334724426,
0.9340944886207581,
0.4737131595611572,
0.4770081341266632,
0.42844974994659424,
0.0808117464184761,
0.32780689001083374,
-0.11687730997800827,
-0.8038252592086792,
0.0037476718425750732,
0.8885668516159058,
-0.6957645416259766,
-0.3904462456703186,
-0.38070040941238403,
0.41852179169654846,
0.09527253359556198,
0.2880135774612427,
1.0776370763778687,
0.5165649056434631,
-0.3791360855102539,
-0.1363469809293747,
-0.15289276838302612,
0.2830914556980133,
-0.586328387260437,
-0.3120955228805542,
0.3648074269294739,
0.058999381959438324,
-0.43604469299316406,
0.49004116654396057,
-0.3206266164779663,
-0.07071001827716827,
-0.3778822422027588,
-0.0817933976650238,
0.7433910965919495,
0.18308408558368683,
0.562167763710022,
0.88925701379776,
0.23921702802181244,
-0.432874858379364,
-0.7217494249343872,
-0.2082793414592743,
-0.5662627816200256,
0.6539413332939148,
-0.2784174680709839,
-0.7958924770355225,
-0.1185222864151001,
0.5216682553291321,
-0.2883143723011017,
0.5409972071647644,
1.1465932130813599,
0.11402571201324463,
0.19480794668197632,
1.21623957157135,
-0.3873538374900818,
0.12339084595441818,
0.1355171501636505,
-0.7033313512802124,
-1.2965739965438843,
-0.521476149559021,
0.37429773807525635,
-0.06607396900653839,
-0.28447800874710083,
-0.07879829406738281,
0.30144238471984863,
0.1704910546541214,
-0.40050044655799866,
0.9706355929374695
] |
|
what is it, that gives energy amplitude? | i have heard it said that it's the probability function (describing the probability that a particle is at a given location) that vibrates, but that makes no sense to me: as far as i understand, a probability is a number associated with an event - an abstraction. so in layman's terms, what is it that vibrates? (i guesss my question is "what is the nature of energy?") | well, if you are familiar with the double-slit experiment, particles move in a wave-like pattern. all matter is energy, as indicated by einstein's special relativity theory, so these particles of energy (photons, electrons, etc.) have this wave like behavior that causes them to "vibrate". essentially, what it comes down to is whether you trust in the schrodinger equation, which describes how the wave evolves over time. the wave function, or probability function as you call it, just indicates the most likely position of a particle at a specific time. anyway, what's vibrating is the energy itself. that is how it moves because it is wave-like. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.5150437355041504,
-0.8727079629898071,
1.0313069820404053,
0.9984350800514221,
-0.737488865852356,
-0.5378937721252441,
1.5927495956420898,
-0.413166344165802,
2.5357046127319336,
-0.0037346482276916504,
0.9923272132873535,
-1.7478388547897339,
-0.4459378123283386,
-0.7456074953079224,
1.8596237897872925,
0.46408289670944214,
-0.33277443051338196,
-1.1655423641204834,
-2.8125789165496826,
0.747830867767334,
0.17163926362991333,
-0.32396018505096436,
0.08586490154266357,
-0.31819334626197815,
-0.2450173795223236,
1.0075032711029053,
0.8552990555763245,
-0.4883875548839569,
0.43631505966186523,
-0.24298205971717834,
-0.09273481369018555,
0.5125176906585693,
-0.9243103265762329,
-0.11112264543771744,
-0.7583431005477905,
-0.12399493157863617,
-0.579980731010437,
-0.10521805286407471,
0.02261313796043396,
-0.4160029888153076,
-1.1926672458648682,
-0.6324594020843506,
1.0777314901351929,
-0.3699966073036194,
0.16519302129745483,
0.4703747034072876,
1.1984666585922241,
1.0442695617675781,
-0.466358482837677,
-0.8647067546844482,
-1.5376180410385132,
-1.283045768737793,
1.0558884143829346,
-0.08331555128097534,
-0.3061395287513733,
1.801445722579956,
1.2982947826385498,
-0.5478287935256958,
0.09971573948860168,
-1.0197627544403076,
0.2980508804321289,
-1.1195656061172485,
-0.6280485987663269,
1.522943377494812,
1.4237403869628906,
-0.38474559783935547,
0.011842235922813416,
0.5421646237373352,
0.35042744874954224,
1.1056034564971924,
0.7223533987998962,
0.6091415286064148,
1.078288197517395,
0.1381465345621109,
1.742631435394287,
-0.8548015356063843,
0.7889075875282288,
0.8310631513595581,
0.03910991549491882,
0.17637300491333008,
0.9094566702842712,
-2.296643018722534,
-1.2164793014526367,
-0.38912585377693176,
-0.6801866888999939,
2.250415086746216,
0.2811363935470581,
-1.2829970121383667,
-0.7202306985855103,
1.4765948057174683,
-1.7965720891952515,
-0.2208014726638794,
0.062103718519210815,
-0.9099969863891602,
0.7763713598251343,
0.5348333120346069,
-0.4193330705165863,
-0.9362683892250061,
2.4981088638305664,
0.727379560470581,
0.025234557688236237,
2.1457250118255615,
-0.345168799161911,
1.323036551475525,
0.5197780132293701,
-1.7359827756881714,
-0.26505962014198303,
0.7883099317550659,
0.039192408323287964,
0.047603219747543335,
0.663637101650238,
-1.063781499862671,
1.305959939956665,
-1.3551113605499268,
0.12440849840641022,
-0.8106064796447754,
0.8602843880653381,
0.7312417030334473,
-0.4497392177581787,
-1.0591728687286377,
-1.3565115928649902,
-0.8271962404251099,
-0.7925076484680176,
-1.8686059713363647,
0.6136634349822998,
-0.5217304229736328,
-0.10081475973129272,
0.6659865975379944,
0.2618238627910614,
0.285873144865036,
0.3415350317955017,
-0.8680869340896606,
0.6249767541885376,
-0.5567593574523926,
-1.4647936820983887,
0.48324358463287354,
1.0629504919052124,
-1.0278462171554565,
0.41421300172805786,
1.0729401111602783,
0.07152789831161499,
0.3703424334526062,
0.8573078513145447,
-0.3112220764160156,
-0.468255877494812,
-0.9869183301925659,
0.09859506040811539,
-1.0285725593566895,
-0.07885956764221191,
1.0452730655670166,
-0.659714937210083,
-1.1657493114471436,
-0.12554921209812164,
-1.411031723022461,
1.6703987121582031,
0.13961152732372284,
-0.48378685116767883,
0.26819461584091187,
0.33751246333122253,
1.9762576818466187,
-1.133366584777832,
0.8593999743461609,
0.3353040814399719,
0.9227250814437866,
0.8599057793617249,
1.2258938550949097,
1.5163829326629639,
-0.6825624704360962,
1.1443052291870117,
-0.030286207795143127,
-0.7217339873313904,
0.3399127125740051,
0.7393438816070557,
-0.6687372922897339,
-0.0699487179517746,
0.29405534267425537,
-0.6436837911605835,
-0.5725939869880676,
0.27104562520980835,
0.13118699193000793,
-0.06419879198074341,
0.10574588924646378,
1.7347228527069092,
0.6094866991043091,
0.1147700846195221,
0.6864866018295288,
-0.1143438071012497,
-0.9239264130592346,
-0.6963686943054199,
-0.8597113490104675,
0.679638683795929,
-0.5359814167022705,
0.24708786606788635,
1.562504768371582,
-0.5295268297195435,
-0.5291959643363953,
0.09590360522270203,
-0.1006476879119873,
-0.5264511108398438,
1.2176933288574219,
-1.9409178495407104,
-2.0271530151367188,
0.5084338784217834,
-0.337422251701355,
-0.4246198832988739,
-0.25099894404411316,
0.8135275840759277,
1.7207717895507812,
-0.8352414965629578,
-0.6046162843704224,
-0.38053908944129944,
-1.727918267250061,
-1.2258838415145874,
-0.07752226293087006,
-0.6732776165008545,
-0.6372483968734741,
-0.4681749641895294,
-1.4953498840332031,
-0.3902663290500641,
-1.039966106414795,
1.5765693187713623,
-0.003771435469388962,
-1.8052579164505005,
-1.965728998184204,
-1.5280797481536865,
-1.5083775520324707,
-1.2147150039672852,
3.2486157417297363,
1.0654634237289429,
0.2772589921951294,
-1.0750154256820679,
1.8870667219161987,
-0.1403639316558838,
-0.16451206803321838,
0.8433822989463806,
-1.03767728805542,
-1.557521939277649,
0.32951411604881287,
-0.32569149136543274,
-1.1014565229415894,
-0.14671339094638824,
-0.5694125890731812,
0.3159976303577423,
-1.2401549816131592,
0.23676587641239166,
0.1318484991788864,
0.8725640177726746,
0.3923545181751251,
-0.5953094363212585,
0.8193440437316895,
0.6920128464698792,
-0.5755199193954468,
-0.06027323007583618,
0.3427542448043823,
-0.020089104771614075,
0.2652204930782318,
0.3751823306083679,
-0.7910805940628052,
-1.2565152645111084,
0.911634087562561,
0.5024576187133789,
0.7131161689758301,
0.15046851336956024,
-1.9830232858657837,
-0.13190671801567078,
1.9115731716156006,
0.5917527079582214,
1.800057291984558,
-1.7161319255828857,
0.1010119840502739,
0.06980106234550476,
0.832404375076294,
-0.24169528484344482,
-0.6272429823875427,
1.2020400762557983,
-1.631693959236145,
-0.9160922169685364,
-0.8175594210624695,
-1.1275817155838013,
1.2829697132110596,
0.4302079677581787,
-1.395740270614624,
-0.2407006025314331,
0.12597182393074036,
0.3502212166786194,
-0.340239942073822,
0.0875871479511261,
0.2757564187049866,
0.9592183828353882,
-0.6193199157714844,
-0.008787877857685089,
2.0391998291015625,
0.4739188551902771,
-1.2799227237701416,
1.7268189191818237,
-0.06286744028329849,
-1.5207983255386353,
-0.3006296157836914,
0.3837067186832428,
-0.4168189465999603,
0.8178068399429321,
-1.6441973447799683,
-1.26504647731781,
0.7294019460678101,
-1.722714900970459,
-0.3051838278770447,
0.5140624046325684,
0.8583805561065674,
-0.4581420421600342,
-0.9274298548698425,
-1.067729115486145,
-1.3629528284072876,
0.9649924635887146,
0.5024930238723755,
-0.051887959241867065,
0.6345767974853516,
0.21090929210186005,
0.35194966197013855,
0.18990109860897064,
-0.5111907720565796,
1.696067452430725,
-1.3604645729064941,
1.749071478843689,
0.5195157527923584,
2.48421311378479,
0.30182185769081116,
0.4579509198665619,
-0.7818999886512756,
-0.47964873909950256,
-0.6105632185935974,
-0.6055260300636292,
0.4420476257801056,
0.8801266551017761,
0.4401455223560333,
3.075441837310791,
1.6603672504425049,
-1.3660608530044556,
-0.3482685983181,
-0.9311894178390503,
0.6320981383323669,
0.1204928308725357,
-0.13573801517486572,
1.5059443712234497,
0.9732186794281006,
0.566759467124939,
0.4425678551197052,
-1.1537997722625732,
-0.5957423448562622,
-1.2213135957717896,
1.0939439535140991,
-2.4522438049316406,
1.9295949935913086,
1.2152138948440552,
-0.24730944633483887,
-0.6433669328689575,
-1.7214274406433105,
-0.22868767380714417,
-1.2994918823242188,
-0.5854440927505493,
0.8928859829902649,
0.3595985770225525,
0.26298338174819946,
0.7504445314407349,
1.7808053493499756,
-0.8327459096908569,
1.2305421829223633,
-0.0010242164134979248,
-0.15756432712078094,
-0.3109712600708008,
1.9839752912521362,
0.23128876090049744,
1.6282421350479126,
0.6927752494812012,
-0.9546301960945129,
-1.0519037246704102,
-0.13246402144432068,
-0.574209988117218,
0.5012518763542175,
-1.8676053285598755,
0.051682181656360626,
1.114837408065796,
1.8972995281219482,
1.3790221214294434,
0.6481799483299255
] |
if you had two plates, which had surfaces that were absolutly, 100% smooth, and you layed them on top of one another and managed to get all the air out that was between them, would it be possible to pull them apart? | say you have two square plates of any material. both faces of the plates are impossibly smooth, as in they are absolutely flat. if you placed these two plates together face on face, and somehow managed to get 100% of the air out from between them, would they not be impossible to remove from each other? as far as my understanding goes, it is the small air pockets between two smooth surfaces that allow them to be pried apart. the less air pockets, the harder it is to pull them apart. so theoretically, if there were truly zero air pockets between them, wouldn't they be impossible to pull apart from each other? | it would not be impossible to pull them apart. best example would be a plunger of a perfectly smooth syring with abolutely no air left inside. you could still pull the plunger back, you would just be working against atmospheric pressure. however, depending on the material the interfaces could become chemically bonded. this is even used in wafer bonding. _url_0_ . this would still not make it impossible to pull them apart, but in that case you most probably would not end up with the same surfaces after pulling. | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_bonding"
] | [
-1.9885808229446411,
0.8768246173858643,
-0.06789714097976685,
-0.41207611560821533,
-1.4933511018753052,
-1.8330540657043457,
0.3476325273513794,
0.4588530361652374,
0.4021315574645996,
0.509817898273468,
0.7825801372528076,
1.052060604095459,
0.07829724252223969,
1.2811280488967896,
1.6213418245315552,
-0.09573507308959961,
-2.0088438987731934,
0.26525062322616577,
-1.983426809310913,
0.548213005065918,
0.9230331182479858,
0.8036440014839172,
-1.054627537727356,
-1.0790802240371704,
-0.31513333320617676,
0.46503013372421265,
0.27211594581604004,
0.8211085796356201,
1.0544496774673462,
-0.797825038433075,
-0.5468248128890991,
-0.6290277242660522,
-1.9991686344146729,
-0.012046515941619873,
0.39454925060272217,
0.3867790102958679,
-1.2784384489059448,
-0.012755274772644043,
-0.582760751247406,
-1.11491858959198,
0.13339748978614807,
-0.3689989745616913,
-0.5346376299858093,
-0.4492563009262085,
0.7358397245407104,
0.4796333312988281,
0.09275078773498535,
-0.3925148844718933,
-0.23804207146167755,
-0.9122204780578613,
-0.6286333799362183,
0.6078841686248779,
0.19563141465187073,
1.21873140335083,
-0.784481406211853,
-0.3851679563522339,
-0.10586386919021606,
-0.8251096606254578,
-1.5138635635375977,
-0.73565673828125,
-0.4281948506832123,
0.3616669178009033,
-0.92381352186203,
1.7979223728179932,
1.5047760009765625,
-0.6476709842681885,
0.8894454836845398,
-0.5278576016426086,
-0.6408227682113647,
1.0605953931808472,
-0.3316512703895569,
-1.3739324808120728,
-1.4804234504699707,
-0.23677629232406616,
1.3073550462722778,
-0.1159450113773346,
-0.22537460923194885,
0.1403011977672577,
-1.311153769493103,
0.9743719100952148,
-0.8485451936721802,
0.3400155007839203,
-0.8781982660293579,
0.3109186589717865,
-1.5546740293502808,
0.7520179748535156,
1.1246241331100464,
-0.6588762402534485,
0.23887482285499573,
-0.3708455562591553,
-1.2432653903961182,
0.6074448227882385,
0.8214372396469116,
0.8758822083473206,
0.6888407468795776,
0.0636979341506958,
0.04024893045425415,
-0.00040346384048461914,
-0.6613561511039734,
0.7330051064491272,
-1.377741813659668,
0.3678940236568451,
-2.836658000946045,
-0.5692423582077026,
-0.692359983921051,
-0.28460368514060974,
0.859550952911377,
-0.4008163809776306,
0.15351638197898865,
-0.31075072288513184,
-1.2461637258529663,
0.8026126623153687,
0.33667200803756714,
-0.708736002445221,
-0.7384197115898132,
-0.2565196752548218,
-0.2785979211330414,
-0.014694973826408386,
-0.9795269966125488,
0.07241326570510864,
-1.070141077041626,
-1.3283768892288208,
-1.1624252796173096,
0.9842024445533752,
0.33722448348999023,
-0.5299450755119324,
0.7800222635269165,
0.32203590869903564,
-0.2583511471748352,
0.14782601594924927,
0.02258843183517456,
-1.6638975143432617,
1.7789005041122437,
-0.1308172047138214,
-0.13186359405517578,
0.27698516845703125,
-0.3759015202522278,
0.2413100004196167,
-1.9033246040344238,
0.17316752672195435,
-0.4079050123691559,
-0.05441698431968689,
0.9835693836212158,
-0.6433026790618896,
0.42166104912757874,
0.5780105590820312,
-0.6033750176429749,
0.015385117381811142,
-0.5710944533348083,
-0.07561728358268738,
-0.02041812241077423,
-0.3658974766731262,
0.7429003119468689,
0.23141145706176758,
-0.7737361192703247,
-0.4879426062107086,
0.05445128679275513,
0.7707449793815613,
0.6811110377311707,
-0.21178346872329712,
-0.8706832528114319,
0.4546849727630615,
-0.1093561202287674,
0.749318540096283,
0.5516878962516785,
0.2613154351711273,
-0.05742323398590088,
-0.7953592538833618,
-0.39607930183410645,
-0.11854945868253708,
-0.2512512803077698,
0.19984373450279236,
-0.18036797642707825,
-1.3913092613220215,
-1.523945689201355,
0.17029595375061035,
-1.7411624193191528,
0.22016596794128418,
0.4001236855983734,
2.014371156692505,
0.2850857973098755,
1.363632082939148,
1.6588671207427979,
0.09952971339225769,
0.45186781883239746,
0.2463202327489853,
0.2647783160209656,
1.696685552597046,
-1.6258938312530518,
-0.045968472957611084,
0.4359089136123657,
0.2686343491077423,
0.002516910433769226,
1.4105545282363892,
0.620193600654602,
0.06730112433433533,
-0.8572176694869995,
-2.1682419776916504,
-2.7234251499176025,
-0.6021436452865601,
0.1582559049129486,
-0.6715916395187378,
-1.061092495918274,
-1.2271478176116943,
-0.4392129182815552,
-0.5106168389320374,
2.5033726692199707,
-0.8335775136947632,
-0.9137393236160278,
0.6772239208221436,
0.31953486800193787,
-1.3560034036636353,
-0.16936713457107544,
-0.6421239376068115,
0.3526824712753296,
-0.9942511320114136,
-0.08903433382511139,
0.9677221179008484,
-1.6583285331726074,
-0.03628993034362793,
1.7723228931427002,
-0.5294588804244995,
1.7415088415145874,
-1.3156530857086182,
0.3350164592266083,
-0.2319672405719757,
-0.7833730578422546,
1.6877539157867432,
0.3479207158088684,
0.09224355220794678,
0.47044238448143005,
0.1368688941001892,
-0.2799951732158661,
1.7060692310333252,
0.421269953250885,
-0.0613844096660614,
0.7662613391876221,
0.5036867260932922,
-0.002749130129814148,
0.2898799777030945,
-0.21421091258525848,
-0.7308990955352783,
-0.3155587315559387,
0.7846790552139282,
0.6590855717658997,
0.6293218731880188,
0.6716852188110352,
-0.12346526235342026,
0.17502476274967194,
0.7637141346931458,
-1.1950416564941406,
1.2809348106384277,
-0.9492663145065308,
1.563742995262146,
-0.29858875274658203,
0.012421786785125732,
-0.834053099155426,
0.3655281066894531,
-1.2278324365615845,
0.10281883180141449,
1.3808164596557617,
0.3224712610244751,
-0.24983520805835724,
-1.7848743200302124,
1.2947672605514526,
0.5171481966972351,
-0.0548977255821228,
1.063570261001587,
-1.8179011344909668,
-0.4417514204978943,
0.1644037365913391,
-1.141061782836914,
-0.12342831492424011,
0.45983386039733887,
1.4884090423583984,
0.032596081495285034,
0.1607307642698288,
-0.7607488632202148,
0.19622372090816498,
0.6142553091049194,
-0.3691335618495941,
-2.6088809967041016,
-0.731247067451477,
0.5645968914031982,
1.03449547290802,
-1.0564064979553223,
0.8062936067581177,
-1.744114637374878,
1.0558242797851562,
-0.5294654369354248,
-0.5204740166664124,
1.052324891090393,
0.33200687170028687,
-0.6942081451416016,
1.6843680143356323,
0.056956470012664795,
2.579387664794922,
0.19849446415901184,
0.42327409982681274,
-0.01621095836162567,
-0.774713397026062,
-0.6216943860054016,
-0.8572442531585693,
0.5695895552635193,
-0.9141168594360352,
1.2563040256500244,
-0.034772858023643494,
0.8884970545768738,
1.5038596391677856,
-0.34560978412628174,
0.36141371726989746,
-0.3187621235847473,
0.25800997018814087,
-0.03386296331882477,
-0.44700559973716736,
1.5103641748428345,
1.7174615859985352,
1.684291124343872,
0.6102902889251709,
0.30063700675964355,
0.5635532140731812,
0.4654902219772339,
0.31827884912490845,
0.04953840374946594,
0.24931573867797852,
0.8326439261436462,
-0.306033730506897,
-0.0037282854318618774,
-0.12050635367631912,
0.154319167137146,
-0.05859324336051941,
0.3936133086681366,
0.30133914947509766,
0.9554357528686523,
0.47476524114608765,
0.47255927324295044,
-0.3812742829322815,
-0.8546808362007141,
-0.7349035143852234,
-0.5260875225067139,
-0.6668103933334351,
1.4281632900238037,
0.0300116166472435,
1.443171739578247,
0.40842404961586,
-0.8867627382278442,
-0.258436381816864,
-0.08892127871513367,
-1.5037953853607178,
1.3265608549118042,
-0.38719332218170166,
0.6642740964889526,
1.2040976285934448,
1.5470845699310303,
0.05159212648868561,
-0.33533525466918945,
-0.14624564349651337,
-0.05672454088926315,
-0.11702677607536316,
0.15877938270568848,
0.2442604899406433,
-0.018866002559661865,
-0.5007065534591675,
2.43727970123291,
-0.5006643533706665,
2.042365789413452,
0.025841202586889267,
0.026684880256652832,
-1.0818134546279907,
1.566645860671997,
0.33593127131462097,
1.072884440422058,
0.3674512207508087,
-0.019918233156204224,
0.4891725182533264,
-0.7101576328277588,
-0.11409658193588257,
-0.08725088834762573,
-0.9061792492866516,
1.2622507810592651,
-0.29142799973487854,
0.40112704038619995,
1.2230608463287354,
0.4213307201862335
] |
why don't we use fractions of a revolution to express angles? | in mathematics, we use radians, but taylor series aside, they are almost always expressed as a multiple of pi (2pi radians, pi/4 radians etc.) it seems to me that it would be simpler, more intuitive and just as dimensionless to just use fractions of a full revolution. | the concept does exist, it's call a [turn](_url_0_). the main advantage of radians is that trigonometric functions are most naturally expressed as functions of radians. i don't know the history of how things came to be though. also note that when talking about frequency it is common to talk about multiples of revolutions or cycles (rpm, hz). | 8 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_(geometry\\)"
] | [
-1.204087734222412,
0.23735392093658447,
0.2003236711025238,
-0.08609013259410858,
-0.7227482795715332,
0.22046831250190735,
-0.04146561771631241,
0.2204354703426361,
0.9859505891799927,
0.18512025475502014,
-0.05091031640768051,
-0.204042449593544,
0.7436427474021912,
-0.33285272121429443,
0.7549348473548889,
0.13793112337589264,
-0.30783966183662415,
0.3533686697483063,
-1.271289587020874,
-0.2810964584350586,
0.6312430500984192,
0.16451138257980347,
-0.6552411913871765,
0.3180624842643738,
0.4714553654193878,
0.1758924424648285,
0.26579567790031433,
0.05240678787231445,
0.7444683909416199,
0.5052604079246521,
-0.29728010296821594,
1.8269946575164795,
0.007265955209732056,
0.1873219609260559,
-1.1686153411865234,
-0.059073418378829956,
0.06293252110481262,
-0.11179768294095993,
-0.14700156450271606,
0.4717557430267334,
-0.052814893424510956,
-0.368354856967926,
1.0012381076812744,
0.5115979909896851,
0.011209331452846527,
0.5170855522155762,
0.4541904330253601,
-0.048604920506477356,
-0.7515491247177124,
-0.2746955156326294,
0.5574876666069031,
0.08946347236633301,
-0.2435816526412964,
0.3126975893974304,
-0.13416343927383423,
-0.05331498384475708,
0.6270467042922974,
-0.22931307554244995,
0.6061256527900696,
-0.5027284026145935,
0.4656105041503906,
-0.457400381565094,
-1.0056354999542236,
0.41977158188819885,
0.7260094881057739,
-0.2972884774208069,
0.3049640357494354,
0.06911203265190125,
-0.0167238786816597,
1.1121089458465576,
-0.4959600865840912,
0.0535578727722168,
0.6918609142303467,
-0.24525794386863708,
0.9161374568939209,
-0.3297387361526489,
-0.3684685528278351,
0.9652107357978821,
0.057777613401412964,
-1.4645826816558838,
0.7666930556297302,
-0.17197942733764648,
-0.212365061044693,
-0.09954416751861572,
0.6951476335525513,
0.5948953628540039,
0.2614048421382904,
-0.25898611545562744,
-0.07388915121555328,
-0.2268768548965454,
-0.6994786858558655,
0.12902584671974182,
-0.6865590810775757,
-0.1434025764465332,
0.27149203419685364,
-0.06426161527633667,
0.5004574060440063,
-0.5121197700500488,
0.7422157526016235,
0.21884149312973022,
-0.390078067779541,
0.4419502019882202,
-1.0569491386413574,
0.3947257697582245,
-0.5497376322746277,
-0.9214067459106445,
-0.28725871443748474,
0.6584868431091309,
-0.8068141937255859,
0.9657837152481079,
0.29459914565086365,
-0.3413989841938019,
-0.2691270112991333,
-0.7260578870773315,
0.0532490611076355,
-0.46189451217651367,
0.38075169920921326,
-0.07075704634189606,
-0.020462069660425186,
0.018766671419143677,
-0.7131942510604858,
-0.42166441679000854,
-0.19228868186473846,
-0.05186201632022858,
-0.35799285769462585,
-0.2548534870147705,
0.24674895405769348,
0.017641596496105194,
-0.7584636807441711,
-0.06440047919750214,
0.1421094834804535,
0.15546265244483948,
0.4236600399017334,
-0.020592063665390015,
0.05817616730928421,
-0.47369444370269775,
1.4865901470184326,
0.3359842002391815,
0.13423869013786316,
1.9175242185592651,
0.26235049962997437,
0.16855289041996002,
0.3934698700904846,
-0.5723531246185303,
0.35750171542167664,
-0.16561226546764374,
-0.508090078830719,
-1.2177119255065918,
0.286221981048584,
0.4833303987979889,
-0.05307479947805405,
-0.17017945647239685,
-0.2902842164039612,
-0.7414678335189819,
0.4365706443786621,
0.2589000165462494,
-0.33997249603271484,
0.12950442731380463,
0.038271158933639526,
0.5123828649520874,
0.06278574466705322,
0.29863083362579346,
0.3974992632865906,
0.48839905858039856,
0.602985680103302,
-0.39703136682510376,
0.04020049422979355,
-0.33767274022102356,
0.1776975840330124,
-0.24634096026420593,
-0.09807410836219788,
-0.030454963445663452,
0.47872743010520935,
0.5186736583709717,
0.36824464797973633,
0.1017913818359375,
-0.1081116795539856,
-0.011093560606241226,
-0.699723482131958,
0.6036595106124878,
0.09970145672559738,
-0.4707906246185303,
1.2674272060394287,
0.17775848507881165,
-0.9574838280677795,
0.07631118595600128,
-0.362984299659729,
-0.04026257246732712,
-0.7816743850708008,
-0.6732518672943115,
0.09224557876586914,
-0.809005856513977,
-0.6545822620391846,
-0.04887911677360535,
-0.8337318301200867,
-0.3299561142921448,
0.32814812660217285,
-0.2100529670715332,
0.3927984833717346,
0.2717970311641693,
-1.009964942932129,
0.1681557297706604,
0.4662598967552185,
-0.1283041387796402,
1.0313019752502441,
0.5905651450157166,
-0.2520945370197296,
0.6284001469612122,
-1.5562834739685059,
-0.030440803617239,
-0.011096570640802383,
-0.5634373426437378,
0.08333596587181091,
0.1386895328760147,
0.5046253204345703,
0.1840890794992447,
-0.9014639258384705,
-0.15210318565368652,
-1.1442477703094482,
0.09811549633741379,
0.7174899578094482,
-0.06151416152715683,
-0.6113430261611938,
-0.8642911911010742,
-1.5251508951187134,
0.1337880790233612,
-0.45241838693618774,
1.0346550941467285,
0.049131348729133606,
0.2113221287727356,
0.42837679386138916,
0.23325026035308838,
0.34407666325569153,
0.06215405464172363,
0.31551170349121094,
-0.4722343385219574,
-1.1360957622528076,
-0.10170486569404602,
0.3910079300403595,
-1.1726078987121582,
0.5366010665893555,
-0.7669469118118286,
0.18559060990810394,
1.0988273620605469,
0.1529904454946518,
-0.017962917685508728,
-0.857968807220459,
-0.13942569494247437,
0.2679113447666168,
0.007914364337921143,
-0.4669964909553528,
-0.30381613969802856,
-1.031725287437439,
0.535714328289032,
-0.4017893373966217,
-0.48263728618621826,
-0.33807671070098877,
0.2971343994140625,
-0.5450040698051453,
0.35057389736175537,
1.0521199703216553,
-0.11120465397834778,
-1.2206487655639648,
-0.41179367899894714,
0.7280517220497131,
0.33363422751426697,
0.6006684303283691,
0.6810158491134644,
-0.7047238349914551,
0.170993834733963,
-0.247158944606781,
0.24384069442749023,
-0.8668862581253052,
-0.49764949083328247,
1.0548614263534546,
-0.814277708530426,
0.15119633078575134,
-0.25001516938209534,
-0.9059702157974243,
-0.6089123487472534,
0.21784579753875732,
-0.28632545471191406,
0.06242362782359123,
1.020415186882019,
-0.08097484707832336,
-0.4216412901878357,
-0.42388278245925903,
-0.31506359577178955,
0.6034050583839417,
-0.8404896855354309,
0.1664315164089203,
-0.297274649143219,
0.7552231550216675,
-0.3449796438217163,
0.5685595273971558,
0.1324913203716278,
-0.8664156794548035,
-0.5627464652061462,
-0.09048203378915787,
-0.9618114829063416,
0.7209367752075195,
-0.04833295941352844,
-0.8927383422851562,
-0.8897598385810852,
-1.0475175380706787,
-0.6982730627059937,
0.08205607533454895,
0.22899772226810455,
-0.24688565731048584,
-0.4310583174228668,
-0.07212508469820023,
-0.02557852864265442,
1.0202010869979858,
1.1043180227279663,
-0.24149909615516663,
0.9861373901367188,
-0.7183113694190979,
0.539992094039917,
0.40419334173202515,
0.3305168151855469,
0.07965003699064255,
0.11571121215820312,
0.24744823575019836,
-0.8760360479354858,
0.6637508273124695,
0.35635268688201904,
0.5992931127548218,
-0.6467164754867554,
-0.723147988319397,
0.2932322025299072,
0.25580745935440063,
-0.36183467507362366,
0.14297330379486084,
-0.3670206069946289,
1.1121416091918945,
-0.04906180128455162,
0.01375192403793335,
0.4366050362586975,
-0.7829796671867371,
0.276616632938385,
-0.19237153232097626,
0.3816026747226715,
0.5863726139068604,
-0.10576048493385315,
0.10851515829563141,
0.5269405245780945,
0.22396373748779297,
0.3754565119743347,
-0.5163538455963135,
-0.10710698366165161,
-0.4271293580532074,
0.8711434006690979,
0.6126356720924377,
-0.1628361940383911,
-0.054127126932144165,
-0.38602882623672485,
-0.26190289855003357,
-0.24601852893829346,
0.3427044451236725,
0.39747458696365356,
0.13211911916732788,
0.4039509892463684,
0.23731768131256104,
1.725814938545227,
-0.1060546264052391,
0.5841772556304932,
-0.20894582569599152,
0.23793567717075348,
-0.10032968968153,
0.25693076848983765,
0.15685656666755676,
0.9032529592514038,
0.20769482851028442,
0.38643720746040344,
-0.08300071954727173,
-0.5213567018508911,
-0.0944405198097229,
-0.019395723938941956,
-0.31994181871414185,
0.08397805690765381,
0.059509992599487305,
0.8464675545692444,
0.21189424395561218,
-0.2038579285144806
] |
[sponsored content] how many people will be saved from starvation by the recently passed farmer assurance provision to us house bill 933? | last week, us president barack obama signed [a bill](_url_0_) that will promote the development of agricultural biotechnology, increasing crop yields and farming efficiency. is it possible to estimate how many lives will be saved by this scientific progress? | wow, what a great question! since the green revolution in the 1940s-1970s, farming technology advances in agriculture have saved over a billion people from starvation. in addition to irrigation, pest treatments, and sophisticated new fertilizers, american crop scientists have also led the field forward in the development of new plant strains that are hardier, better adapted to different climates, and more synergistic with responsible pest control solutions. indeed, the united states is the world's breadbasket, with such efficient growing that we ship tons of quality product all over the world! thanks to legislation like the the farmer assurance provision, biotechnology developers can bring new seed lines into production at a vastly increased rate. in particular, the strengthened intellectual property protections are essential for incentivizing this innovation in a fair marketplace. it's a real win-win for both agribusiness and the consumer! american family farmers can now rest assured that they'll be able to keep up with growing demand from emerging markets! | 59 | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer_Assurance_Provision"
] | [] | [
0.4251290559768677,
-0.6114479303359985,
-1.4599888324737549,
-0.8620089292526245,
2.775597095489502,
-0.7946358919143677,
-2.618601083755493,
-1.9103409051895142,
-3.4192001819610596,
1.3706763982772827,
1.1341577768325806,
0.26106271147727966,
-1.0877649784088135,
0.007089957594871521,
-2.0727338790893555,
1.6773406267166138,
-1.8872987031936646,
-1.3872120380401611,
-1.1885426044464111,
-1.023086428642273,
-1.6149928569793701,
-0.7874832153320312,
-0.19045335054397583,
-0.25250205397605896,
-0.44881847500801086,
0.006904045585542917,
-1.1805086135864258,
-1.7211345434188843,
-0.10633766651153564,
-2.8964762687683105,
0.33078521490097046,
1.9721559286117554,
0.16980986297130585,
1.0735913515090942,
-1.0216445922851562,
1.6714366674423218,
0.2594391703605652,
-1.41297447681427,
3.319230794906616,
0.800869345664978,
0.8574730157852173,
-3.0301427841186523,
-1.2507286071777344,
-0.6834296584129333,
-1.7599732875823975,
1.255000352859497,
0.997654914855957,
0.5303630828857422,
0.3608459234237671,
-2.1528573036193848,
0.5789473056793213,
-1.0454766750335693,
0.9358118176460266,
-3.5713846683502197,
-0.831591010093689,
-0.5306141972541809,
1.737227201461792,
-0.7369613647460938,
0.6057254672050476,
-0.386494517326355,
2.542586088180542,
-3.0847854614257812,
-0.5110616683959961,
1.8263689279556274,
1.2871594429016113,
-1.7479077577590942,
-0.5878394246101379,
1.92618727684021,
-1.9028047323226929,
0.9751982688903809,
0.8777344822883606,
-0.49471989274024963,
0.6720280051231384,
-1.6683467626571655,
0.2566761076450348,
0.40099242329597473,
0.38001349568367004,
0.6275456547737122,
2.985081195831299,
0.0947643518447876,
0.879926323890686,
-0.306904673576355,
-1.9378459453582764,
-1.9253120422363281,
-0.576650083065033,
0.059899404644966125,
-0.7057036757469177,
-1.009666085243225,
2.9676074981689453,
-0.9729911684989929,
0.8578782081604004,
0.9010425806045532,
0.5980898141860962,
1.0495543479919434,
0.25917667150497437,
2.7553529739379883,
-0.5797394514083862,
-3.045012950897217,
-0.1723201870918274,
-0.6170576214790344,
-0.5815470814704895,
-0.19215869903564453,
0.1878400444984436,
-3.7849113941192627,
-2.495635986328125,
-1.53987717628479,
-2.0874228477478027,
1.5087355375289917,
3.133455753326416,
1.906917929649353,
-1.0328088998794556,
1.1310570240020752,
-1.8234227895736694,
-0.25243788957595825,
-1.1439510583877563,
-0.494196355342865,
-0.09585916996002197,
-3.01298189163208,
-0.1361059546470642,
-2.1964519023895264,
0.9409510493278503,
-1.1983979940414429,
0.9217123985290527,
-0.299613356590271,
0.4460424780845642,
1.2844675779342651,
-2.3869433403015137,
2.013819694519043,
-1.8628027439117432,
1.9226617813110352,
0.7260196208953857,
0.949692964553833,
0.10695374011993408,
-1.6357126235961914,
-0.8599746227264404,
-1.8365063667297363,
0.9385938048362732,
-2.251371145248413,
-1.2686893939971924,
1.3046457767486572,
-1.8935554027557373,
2.6545019149780273,
2.220613479614258,
-2.4061973094940186,
-0.2860564589500427,
1.662041425704956,
3.102447271347046,
-0.10992124676704407,
-1.0426236391067505,
-1.7433340549468994,
-0.42974182963371277,
-0.8306758403778076,
2.378850221633911,
-1.451045036315918,
2.6549503803253174,
-0.023104816675186157,
1.9218852519989014,
0.2038053274154663,
4.54360294342041,
0.4935387074947357,
-2.8902430534362793,
1.5082236528396606,
-0.4834226667881012,
-0.09213997423648834,
-2.170604944229126,
-2.028324842453003,
0.23490512371063232,
0.48792338371276855,
-0.2288140058517456,
2.3597588539123535,
1.0503216981887817,
0.1255875825881958,
0.9392738342285156,
-1.777476191520691,
1.793828010559082,
0.6850404739379883,
-1.0099008083343506,
0.49754106998443604,
-0.7522474527359009,
1.6583796739578247,
1.6824647188186646,
-2.2213120460510254,
1.8072515726089478,
-0.7874106168746948,
0.4072359502315521,
-0.5316677689552307,
-0.4054681062698364,
-0.8425384759902954,
-2.891768455505371,
-0.23683710396289825,
-1.4936902523040771,
2.1988892555236816,
-1.219858169555664,
2.0791964530944824,
-0.05574619770050049,
1.703215479850769,
-0.23822493851184845,
3.6489739418029785,
1.587477207183838,
-1.7771064043045044,
-2.3973731994628906,
-1.073826789855957,
-2.596165418624878,
0.8704777956008911,
0.4824831485748291,
0.9977735877037048,
1.5295839309692383,
-1.1193839311599731,
-1.4056099653244019,
0.5267878174781799,
-1.3820195198059082,
0.969901442527771,
0.15135148167610168,
0.80711829662323,
-0.7135811448097229,
1.909907341003418,
3.1132559776306152,
0.4716649353504181,
-1.06386399269104,
0.3739847242832184,
-0.10462537407875061,
-0.9750922322273254,
2.231058359146118,
-1.6543395519256592,
-0.35980701446533203,
-0.5898873805999756,
-0.7637966871261597,
2.6747982501983643,
0.7282454371452332,
-0.07020047307014465,
-1.0314944982528687,
0.05598030239343643,
-0.028072454035282135,
1.1447796821594238,
-2.2156150341033936,
0.7484899163246155,
3.123730182647705,
0.4245242476463318,
-3.6318421363830566,
-0.40881961584091187,
0.12016385793685913,
1.4435580968856812,
1.4094446897506714,
-0.1364191323518753,
-1.4184610843658447,
1.7646503448486328,
-0.7854738235473633,
2.454160213470459,
-3.2017250061035156,
1.9774909019470215,
-4.572873115539551,
0.2961832284927368,
-0.27575141191482544,
-1.2494053840637207,
0.18938934803009033,
-0.8104033470153809,
-2.2270658016204834,
0.8118786215782166,
-1.1300877332687378,
1.38850998878479,
2.4396097660064697,
-1.2811943292617798,
0.2818084955215454,
3.1492152214050293,
1.4740688800811768,
-1.318752646446228,
-1.8288202285766602,
1.8754563331604004,
-1.3914406299591064,
0.5501707792282104,
0.6953518390655518,
0.7129963636398315,
-0.8531808853149414,
0.7147908210754395,
2.4779202938079834,
1.5419076681137085,
-1.4436774253845215,
-2.71380615234375,
-2.0238823890686035,
0.14066125452518463,
1.2738078832626343,
1.0288935899734497,
-1.3887417316436768,
2.871690273284912,
-0.8942751288414001,
1.4280930757522583,
0.48416343331336975,
0.6219000816345215,
-1.251888632774353,
-1.5296852588653564,
2.6669442653656006,
1.839859962463379,
-0.7183073163032532,
0.22057238221168518,
1.6675500869750977,
0.37317442893981934,
-1.9387561082839966,
0.11073308438062668,
-1.6251099109649658,
-0.11871317028999329,
1.574845552444458,
-1.0654137134552002,
1.04581618309021,
-1.1415045261383057,
-1.6039799451828003,
-0.2583335041999817,
1.798306941986084,
-0.6551288962364197,
1.0548018217086792,
-0.932023286819458,
-0.08170029520988464,
-3.63820743560791,
0.697309672832489,
1.331555724143982,
-2.8734078407287598,
-0.14598092436790466,
-2.5388693809509277,
1.2325643301010132,
1.3565746545791626,
0.47403278946876526,
0.9683112502098083,
2.790803909301758,
0.2651219367980957,
2.2491488456726074,
0.19337651133537292,
-0.34776949882507324,
0.07299438118934631,
3.4282612800598145,
0.655375599861145,
-0.11756449937820435,
-1.6379902362823486,
1.9543256759643555,
0.769827127456665,
2.396263599395752,
2.0887088775634766,
1.7144137620925903,
-0.3808174133300781,
3.1946465969085693,
-1.5867630243301392,
0.7781984210014343,
0.3834114074707031,
3.370849132537842,
1.3429882526397705,
1.476001501083374,
0.05905555933713913,
-0.6150684952735901,
0.12069559097290039,
2.7058489322662354,
0.9501473903656006,
0.908509373664856,
1.6386935710906982,
0.20737463235855103,
-0.13048861920833588,
-0.735417366027832,
0.9557387232780457,
-0.17087580263614655,
-4.277137279510498,
-0.14913947880268097,
-0.19442003965377808,
-1.0149743556976318,
-2.1837451457977295,
2.4169564247131348,
-0.8750776052474976,
1.463923692703247,
-3.65576171875,
0.22685673832893372,
-3.737400531768799,
1.264060139656067,
-0.0010236185044050217,
1.4169507026672363,
0.300346314907074,
-1.0162354707717896,
1.9521217346191406,
-2.020115852355957,
0.07007014751434326,
-3.145932912826538,
-0.4144222140312195,
-0.6138732433319092,
1.7271418571472168,
-0.04018592834472656,
-0.09319841861724854,
-3.0445854663848877,
2.8287153244018555,
0.7995262145996094
] |
how does this generator work? | i came across this and i was wondering how it worked, a layman's explanation as well as a somewhat technical definition would be greatly appreciated, thanks in advance! _url_0_ | real answer: it doesn't! if you build that generator as shown, it won't light a bulb. the magnet is sweeping *along* the windings. to generate a voltage, the magnet must sweep **across** the windings instead. the magnet axle must extend through the walls of the cardboard tube, not down the length of the tube as shown. here's one that does work: [ultra-simple generator](_url_4_). here are more good ones: [diy links](_url_3_) notice the position of the [coil in relation to the flipping magnets.](_url_2_) also, it's crucial to choose the right type of light bulb or led. small generators cannot light most common flashlight bulbs. those bulbs in the wikihow, they're examples of bulbs which absolutely won't work. you need a #48 or #49 pilot light, or a 1.5v 40ma "grain of wheat" bulb. or just double the number of turns of wire, and use a red led. --- how do generators work? all metals are full of vast quantities of movable electric charge. if we connect a metal into a circle to form a closed ring, and then thrust a magnet pole through the center of that circle, the free charges inside the metal will be pumped into motion. a magnet can "induce" a current in a closed electric circuit (search on faraday's law of induction.) cut the metal circle and install a small light bulb into the cut. moving the [magnet in and out will make the bulb light up.](_url_0_) why do we need a coil? why not just use a metal ring? it's because a magnet moved by hand will only produce a very very tiny voltage at the cut ends of the ring. humans can't move the magnet fast enough. one solution: use five hundred metal rings all connected in series. that's the coil. with 500 turns of wire, it makes the voltage five hundred times larger; large enough to light up a one-volt bulb or a red led. note that these are all ac generators. the moving magnet forces the wires' charges to move one way, then it makes them move back again. if you want a dc generator, you'll need to build a [rotating "commutator" switch](_url_1_) which reverses the polarity of half of each ac wave. rule of thumb: if you use a special light bulb that only needs 40 milliamps at a couple of volts, then you can just barely light it using 250 turns of wire and some big ceramic magnets. but if you use rare-earth neodymium magnets, then you only need about 50 turns of wire to light up the same bulb. a red led needs about twice the voltage of the most sensitive incandescent bulb. so, 400 to 500 turns of wire for red led with ceramic magnets, or 100 turns with the neo magnets. of course if you have a lot of patience, 1000 or 5000 turns of wire would be even better. that way you won't have to move the magnets so darned fast. | 10 | [] | [
"http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Simple-Electric-Generator"
] | [
"https://www.kjmagnetics.com/blog.asp?p=shake-flashlight",
"http://www.evilmadscientist.com/2006/building-an-electric-motor/",
"http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/gen.html",
"http://amasci.com/coilgen/links.html",
"http://amasci.com/coilgen/"
] | [
-8.411200523376465,
2.318772792816162,
-1.2989027500152588,
2.5138657093048096,
-5.701552867889404,
-3.540297508239746,
1.1965391635894775,
2.4697957038879395,
-1.6919752359390259,
-0.8485332727432251,
0.8088303208351135,
3.654069662094116,
-0.4323263168334961,
-1.0797851085662842,
1.7938767671585083,
3.5707685947418213,
-2.445528507232666,
1.220968246459961,
-3.2790727615356445,
-0.2951018214225769,
3.0488390922546387,
-4.1355791091918945,
-4.828753471374512,
-1.7037869691848755,
-5.340709686279297,
0.04085344076156616,
2.481844186782837,
0.024913102388381958,
-2.832221746444702,
-2.302187919616699,
-3.32023549079895,
3.7943902015686035,
-6.1162190437316895,
1.4195135831832886,
-4.967315673828125,
-2.136284112930298,
-1.255226731300354,
-3.441601037979126,
1.4299440383911133,
-0.21400493383407593,
-1.0546060800552368,
-2.2220258712768555,
2.4685420989990234,
3.4591550827026367,
-0.3089900612831116,
4.451343536376953,
2.3253426551818848,
1.8638427257537842,
-2.263092517852783,
-5.686535835266113,
-1.1520411968231201,
3.6831417083740234,
1.6624717712402344,
-1.286681890487671,
-2.174778938293457,
2.66003680229187,
5.496052265167236,
-3.394110918045044,
-0.613078773021698,
-1.011494517326355,
0.6185475587844849,
-3.4306137561798096,
1.052290916442871,
-0.16704988479614258,
-1.4473257064819336,
-3.391188859939575,
-0.4796164929866791,
-2.338212490081787,
-2.958585023880005,
3.570997476577759,
2.3333451747894287,
-3.2672953605651855,
-3.2115256786346436,
-1.0137405395507812,
6.054866790771484,
-0.13293330371379852,
-4.250528335571289,
3.8416147232055664,
-1.3715884685516357,
-0.898226797580719,
-3.2822179794311523,
-0.6715962886810303,
-6.470553398132324,
-3.162264108657837,
4.179978370666504,
6.937504291534424,
0.5941461324691772,
-1.3000415563583374,
-2.655808448791504,
-1.273138165473938,
0.7092676162719727,
4.077836513519287,
-6.653398513793945,
1.5952515602111816,
1.2962963581085205,
1.5375325679779053,
0.9300957918167114,
-8.337848663330078,
-6.89499044418335,
1.4737439155578613,
-0.3884384036064148,
-0.6407588720321655,
-9.765302658081055,
0.0960492491722107,
0.10868781805038452,
1.8765860795974731,
1.9088951349258423,
5.484235763549805,
-5.004110813140869,
-1.664381742477417,
6.827989101409912,
-2.3796730041503906,
-0.9976640939712524,
-1.0069084167480469,
1.8686195611953735,
-3.666482448577881,
1.6597436666488647,
0.5272459387779236,
-3.073202610015869,
4.747893333435059,
1.451727032661438,
-0.3164190649986267,
-4.423314094543457,
0.363433301448822,
-0.23845353722572327,
-5.227095603942871,
6.286104202270508,
3.9659910202026367,
-4.170460224151611,
7.626581192016602,
0.39399033784866333,
-2.870206117630005,
-2.016173839569092,
4.0633649826049805,
0.23282966017723083,
8.672171592712402,
5.9222283363342285,
4.034645080566406,
-1.2113792896270752,
7.600620269775391,
0.8211142420768738,
7.710085391998291,
2.9509594440460205,
-8.422386169433594,
4.452179431915283,
-2.676717758178711,
-3.830364942550659,
-4.536628723144531,
-1.756483554840088,
3.609348773956299,
1.2280185222625732,
-6.08364725112915,
3.3521370887756348,
3.029473304748535,
-0.7453457713127136,
-0.5277101993560791,
2.8022420406341553,
4.624240875244141,
4.473639011383057,
0.3208156228065491,
1.0151138305664062,
5.836999416351318,
-0.31834787130355835,
3.367312431335449,
-0.650822103023529,
-0.26759886741638184,
-0.5352576375007629,
-1.744767427444458,
-3.5142781734466553,
-0.7881138920783997,
-0.35106536746025085,
1.877048134803772,
2.0407021045684814,
0.8386781215667725,
-1.6382675170898438,
-2.138859272003174,
-4.837095260620117,
0.7013369202613831,
-1.2273287773132324,
1.4305473566055298,
-0.5053576231002808,
5.068019866943359,
11.284954071044922,
-2.242842435836792,
-0.8635051846504211,
5.9323015213012695,
6.523617267608643,
1.5488040447235107,
-2.901085138320923,
-1.233039379119873,
-2.7465462684631348,
0.2786417007446289,
-1.337214708328247,
2.6566083431243896,
1.625322937965393,
-0.3954771161079407,
-4.478017807006836,
-2.2624833583831787,
1.2912282943725586,
-2.366544246673584,
-5.5986785888671875,
-1.7243163585662842,
0.43483221530914307,
1.102721929550171,
1.396889328956604,
2.8367860317230225,
2.5987446308135986,
-4.617283344268799,
-6.2861738204956055,
-0.0298612117767334,
2.431227207183838,
-8.315593719482422,
3.93295955657959,
-1.8185057640075684,
1.855513572692871,
4.30991268157959,
-3.884276866912842,
-4.40368127822876,
-0.8848525285720825,
2.481391668319702,
5.289505958557129,
0.9218018651008606,
0.5230517387390137,
-5.234620571136475,
-4.3325605392456055,
-0.03824503347277641,
3.83713960647583,
7.015008449554443,
-0.8807920217514038,
-0.10004475712776184,
-2.036755323410034,
-4.594703197479248,
-1.4430618286132812,
7.332403182983398,
0.5974184274673462,
-3.746227502822876,
-3.332993984222412,
-2.555129051208496,
5.349865436553955,
-5.965574741363525,
-0.43008285760879517,
-3.0026180744171143,
-0.8769403696060181,
1.2217891216278076,
1.4210861921310425,
5.481003761291504,
-2.371340274810791,
0.8998225927352905,
2.092026948928833,
2.8980870246887207,
-1.6217122077941895,
0.8430788516998291,
-5.906028747558594,
4.342844009399414,
-0.33393868803977966,
-0.7106826305389404,
4.593642711639404,
0.8292911052703857,
-0.7043963670730591,
-2.6753814220428467,
3.5749711990356445,
4.051882743835449,
4.1835527420043945,
-1.2071890830993652,
0.9663249850273132,
3.0911660194396973,
7.804568290710449,
2.3212594985961914,
-11.306069374084473,
-5.8545074462890625,
-1.316848635673523,
1.2488110065460205,
-1.3842897415161133,
5.534638404846191,
3.871476173400879,
-7.427656650543213,
-0.9951953887939453,
-1.7557978630065918,
-6.777864456176758,
-0.9966475963592529,
-2.950434923171997,
1.150425672531128,
1.020221471786499,
4.084687232971191,
1.9445388317108154,
-4.406942844390869,
1.3416211605072021,
-7.440865516662598,
4.001357078552246,
-4.390529155731201,
4.859154224395752,
7.058704376220703,
3.6174187660217285,
-1.6209464073181152,
6.588850975036621,
8.885804176330566,
1.6018099784851074,
-4.688314914703369,
-1.7276285886764526,
-2.633241653442383,
7.15010929107666,
2.661440134048462,
-3.4818129539489746,
-2.865422010421753,
3.149675130844116,
2.2633538246154785,
4.544259548187256,
-0.24680691957473755,
0.4560319781303406,
-7.137317180633545,
0.6531787514686584,
-2.8538851737976074,
3.012643337249756,
1.474259614944458,
-5.18182373046875,
3.510841131210327,
5.8273844718933105,
3.9595155715942383,
-0.29386720061302185,
-0.17033416032791138,
-0.02497868239879608,
4.934238433837891,
2.654309034347534,
-3.0244719982147217,
2.3047215938568115,
-0.3893749713897705,
-2.196650505065918,
1.8787596225738525,
-1.9038305282592773,
-0.7038722038269043,
4.4493937492370605,
0.5104620456695557,
4.126983642578125,
-0.8585489392280579,
5.28843879699707,
1.738419771194458,
-4.675564765930176,
-5.601229190826416,
-0.19924435019493103,
3.3931729793548584,
-2.308502674102783,
-0.5442509651184082,
2.637352705001831,
2.779327630996704,
0.36201322078704834,
-1.5167033672332764,
-0.7041317224502563,
1.806182861328125,
-1.9943358898162842,
-1.3885446786880493,
-5.158926010131836,
-0.5481964349746704,
8.954782485961914,
6.735491752624512,
-1.8304314613342285,
-2.298877000808716,
-4.105729579925537,
2.4417567253112793,
2.366962194442749,
-0.804228663444519,
-0.8772510886192322,
-1.7998507022857666,
-3.1264772415161133,
4.836632251739502,
-8.715733528137207,
0.3653488755226135,
0.4974624812602997,
-0.8505394458770752,
-7.445489406585693,
11.145164489746094,
-2.52384090423584,
5.662568092346191,
0.9761375188827515,
-5.379194259643555,
3.296119451522827,
-4.7314348220825195,
0.6846033334732056,
1.2244362831115723,
-8.923151016235352,
-0.13455148041248322,
-1.0127460956573486,
2.653968572616577,
1.3673086166381836,
3.1098921298980713
] |
what makes up the extracellular space? | obviously it's the space outside of the cell but that just sounds like the equivalent of the space around our bodies. is there a membrane or other structure which separates the extracellular space from the space outside the body to keep molecules such a sodium and potassium from just oozing out of our bodies? | if you look up extracellular matrix (ecm) you’ll get a lot of hits. it really depends on the tissue of interest. bone has hydroxyapatite and collagen that form a composite around the cells, where soft tissues such as the skin have collagen and elastin along with a host of other materials. basic divisions of components in the ecm focus primarily around proteins, carbohydrates, and molecular combinations of the two. the cells secrete, latch on to, and further form the matrix around them. this is a simplified perspective of things, where you should read further to look into specialized tissues, cells, and matrices. | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.705212414264679,
0.037667665630578995,
0.46268340945243835,
0.1305224895477295,
-0.5583404898643494,
-1.2328364849090576,
0.6401531100273132,
0.9210379123687744,
0.5508846044540405,
-0.044292524456977844,
0.14206355810165405,
-0.06350380927324295,
-0.5604981184005737,
0.4472067952156067,
-0.2035181224346161,
-1.1193522214889526,
-1.4239978790283203,
1.325340747833252,
-1.772241234779358,
1.2754764556884766,
0.523820161819458,
-0.8526332974433899,
-0.16105318069458008,
-0.8006429076194763,
-0.1870335042476654,
-0.36023271083831787,
-0.014907345175743103,
-0.6039412021636963,
-0.07593727111816406,
-1.4229013919830322,
0.2225126326084137,
0.5037906765937805,
-0.050141848623752594,
0.3303232789039612,
-0.08568859100341797,
0.14924593269824982,
-0.324878454208374,
0.6727254390716553,
-0.5720982551574707,
-0.23927663266658783,
0.007077112793922424,
-0.43273234367370605,
-0.48226213455200195,
1.0607268810272217,
1.596826434135437,
-0.5806938409805298,
0.7455623149871826,
-0.7609833478927612,
0.40760940313339233,
0.03587336838245392,
-0.6835722923278809,
-0.6412738561630249,
-0.8743703365325928,
0.8427348732948303,
-0.24880236387252808,
0.8001195192337036,
-0.851568341255188,
-1.1531150341033936,
0.7094027996063232,
-0.3978891372680664,
1.012723684310913,
-0.39654433727264404,
0.44517672061920166,
1.3943637609481812,
1.8985505104064941,
-0.8420200943946838,
0.7114823460578918,
0.8172033429145813,
-0.9733352661132812,
1.2049065828323364,
0.20858535170555115,
0.3610152006149292,
0.4862079918384552,
-0.18082310259342194,
0.536133348941803,
1.0372792482376099,
-0.1204061508178711,
-0.4359866976737976,
0.6288505792617798,
0.30561715364456177,
0.42282435297966003,
1.3242942094802856,
0.07401254028081894,
0.6055804491043091,
-0.3789104223251343,
2.025480031967163,
0.32252007722854614,
0.23747020959854126,
-2.2265725135803223,
-0.05613672733306885,
1.2423031330108643,
-0.5070662498474121,
-0.756708562374115,
0.062432095408439636,
-0.2515784800052643,
0.7382532358169556,
0.7780625224113464,
0.2927870750427246,
1.3771084547042847,
-0.4216170907020569,
-1.3847864866256714,
0.750693678855896,
0.8597905039787292,
0.08373154699802399,
-0.9500523805618286,
-1.429388403892517,
-1.110946774482727,
0.5538731813430786,
-0.010543636977672577,
0.37659937143325806,
-0.2848857343196869,
0.5390528440475464,
-1.1030834913253784,
-0.4620485007762909,
-0.40973401069641113,
-1.0403311252593994,
1.2714029550552368,
-0.14157716929912567,
0.5509339570999146,
-0.550419807434082,
-0.704038143157959,
-0.9274176359176636,
-0.524212658405304,
1.2206714153289795,
0.8335410356521606,
0.12048880010843277,
-1.9584249258041382,
1.1600223779678345,
1.2246531248092651,
-0.09198363125324249,
1.4276323318481445,
0.7400773167610168,
0.27046746015548706,
0.04071693867444992,
-0.4033060073852539,
-1.6762585639953613,
-0.9279676079750061,
-0.40580952167510986,
-2.2332077026367188,
1.5260744094848633,
0.16156220436096191,
0.24507954716682434,
0.02194647490978241,
-0.0726548582315445,
-0.9636207818984985,
1.3518352508544922,
-0.18956388533115387,
-2.6848793029785156,
-1.2671351432800293,
1.0878595113754272,
-0.739936888217926,
-0.7300502061843872,
1.2378380298614502,
0.34043580293655396,
-0.3305458426475525,
-1.2117865085601807,
-0.9973426461219788,
-0.14281970262527466,
-0.6353623867034912,
-0.3368915915489197,
-1.170414924621582,
1.3273441791534424,
-0.4712168574333191,
2.291698694229126,
-0.15905070304870605,
-0.4665980935096741,
0.3442686200141907,
-0.9455498456954956,
1.087478518486023,
0.0697716474533081,
1.2457077503204346,
0.41001391410827637,
0.5972499847412109,
-0.2379588782787323,
-0.3072458803653717,
0.6149491667747498,
-0.8583478927612305,
-0.7231147289276123,
1.163450002670288,
0.9744600057601929,
0.6635650396347046,
-0.9260257482528687,
0.18632787466049194,
1.205620288848877,
-0.6190227270126343,
-1.143867015838623,
-0.2007960081100464,
0.7260472774505615,
0.28069087862968445,
-0.16329622268676758,
0.2739344835281372,
0.9681324362754822,
-0.6176666021347046,
1.2001533508300781,
-1.898849368095398,
-0.8738679885864258,
-0.4248966574668884,
0.6978000402450562,
-1.172710657119751,
-0.45450282096862793,
1.2118008136749268,
0.26552754640579224,
-0.30233874917030334,
0.8558975458145142,
0.023300237953662872,
0.2911282181739807,
-1.4587492942810059,
0.747905433177948,
-0.9047383069992065,
0.10094740241765976,
-1.6351920366287231,
-0.8602328896522522,
-1.4312220811843872,
1.112798810005188,
-0.11337804049253464,
0.04261544346809387,
0.3338924050331116,
-0.08949733525514603,
-1.122040033340454,
-0.6927081346511841,
-0.21690592169761658,
-0.592812180519104,
-0.8522136211395264,
-0.9416331052780151,
0.46560683846473694,
-1.5743043422698975,
0.8672655820846558,
0.15348458290100098,
0.26694348454475403,
0.7182328701019287,
0.3257802426815033,
0.23197998106479645,
0.3708985447883606,
0.5868706107139587,
1.079267978668213,
0.2241085320711136,
0.25628283619880676,
-0.8152024745941162,
-0.10331554710865021,
-0.072678342461586,
-0.6997146606445312,
-0.07836456596851349,
-1.1108243465423584,
-0.6416463851928711,
-1.7835553884506226,
0.9379373788833618,
1.946405053138733,
1.5596089363098145,
0.2767012119293213,
1.0142570734024048,
-1.0119891166687012,
-1.1935813426971436,
0.8533949851989746,
0.7781365513801575,
-1.1637617349624634,
-1.059780240058899,
-0.7138011455535889,
0.0390167273581028,
0.4149782061576843,
0.19970403611660004,
0.7288292646408081,
-0.9261854887008667,
-0.1446191966533661,
-0.6725966930389404,
-0.038844093680381775,
0.9852486848831177,
0.6862732768058777,
1.1521176099777222,
0.706458330154419,
0.34057721495628357,
0.36022403836250305,
0.5439208745956421,
0.025496110320091248,
-0.5861539244651794,
0.17613720893859863,
-0.2970368564128876,
-0.3531929552555084,
-1.510105013847351,
0.6252609491348267,
1.546927809715271,
0.7860774993896484,
-1.309615969657898,
0.2649000883102417,
0.4688827395439148,
-0.26980262994766235,
-0.614798367023468,
-0.01558820903301239,
-0.7670696973800659,
0.1281777322292328,
-0.20888131856918335,
-1.437441349029541,
-1.7494251728057861,
-1.601772665977478,
0.1501292735338211,
0.9531612992286682,
1.093894124031067,
-0.11793483793735504,
0.7294037342071533,
0.607603132724762,
-0.3543541431427002,
0.008346840739250183,
-0.9221324920654297,
-0.9391067624092102,
-0.7078511118888855,
-0.5298168659210205,
0.12539470195770264,
0.749169111251831,
1.482301115989685,
0.6445258855819702,
0.3891243040561676,
-0.23997671902179718,
0.7017483711242676,
0.6425586938858032,
-1.3125154972076416,
-0.7190008759498596,
0.2699897289276123,
-0.17164580523967743,
1.86542546749115,
0.4815981388092041,
0.19388090074062347,
1.4980121850967407,
-0.7753161191940308,
-0.035836994647979736,
-0.1166335716843605,
-0.9872042536735535,
0.09749320894479752,
-0.5875861644744873,
0.9776185750961304,
0.16819651424884796,
0.09085117280483246,
-0.02048221230506897,
0.8427532315254211,
-0.3004422187805176,
-0.026572376489639282,
0.17440563440322876,
1.1721484661102295,
-1.039776086807251,
-0.4184771478176117,
-0.9321437478065491,
-0.5864503383636475,
-1.0587483644485474,
-0.06547285616397858,
0.026721566915512085,
1.4495117664337158,
1.2269245386123657,
-0.8273631930351257,
-0.43996796011924744,
0.5866125226020813,
-0.8434035778045654,
0.5439616441726685,
1.2417008876800537,
0.9651114344596863,
0.07197640836238861,
0.8864715695381165,
0.8138411045074463,
-0.46508604288101196,
-0.7622559666633606,
-0.7024025917053223,
-0.5021900534629822,
0.6254715323448181,
-0.12055711448192596,
-1.446908712387085,
0.7470903396606445,
1.4213438034057617,
-0.16761822998523712,
0.14106550812721252,
0.4817396104335785,
1.2319525480270386,
0.017535271123051643,
0.038691893219947815,
0.6091938614845276,
0.2551783323287964,
0.6442950367927551,
-0.9362832307815552,
-1.8440377712249756,
-0.45077845454216003,
-0.5118910074234009,
0.47584646940231323,
0.5859754085540771,
0.05275192856788635,
-0.07581235468387604,
0.014232993125915527,
2.363311529159546,
0.5670217871665955
] |
when the feotus is developing inside the womb, how is the heart started? | i imagine it isn't the first thing to be made, is it developed while its pumping blood around the body or is it developed first then somehow kickstarted? | from what i was able to gather from google and pubmed, no one is really sure what the mechanism is that causes the embyronic heart to begin beating. [this](_url_0_) study shows is that ion channels are an important factor for the initiation of embryonic pacemaker cells; specifically ca2+ through ins-p3 dependent shuttle. they hypothesize that ins-p3 releases ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) too a point of depletion. the depletion of ca2+ from the er results in oscillatory levels of intracellular ca2+ (i couldn't find what pathway(s) intracellular ca2+ then follows). but they find that inhibiting ins-p3 did severely impact the beating of embryonic pacemaker cells as a result of reduced affinity for ca2+ (i might have misread this part) as ca2+ is an important molecule for all muscle contraction. in short, ca2+ movement in and out of the cell is important for exciting embryonic cardiomyocytes and it might be a overstimulation of ca2+ movement that may be the origin of the first beat. p.s. - i understand that the last part of this comment may be speculative, however, it was taken from the discussion section of the paper and i thought it provided an interesting idea that answers op question. there is a lot of molecular biology behind this phenomenon and tbh i got lost reading through the paper. if someone with more knowledge is able to interpret the paper please disregard my comment. | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1087245/"
] | [
-2.8044633865356445,
-0.6139588356018066,
-1.280937910079956,
-0.13895860314369202,
-1.265800952911377,
-0.33308082818984985,
0.47600483894348145,
3.21189022064209,
2.105923891067505,
0.4959409236907959,
3.7129650115966797,
-0.47944286465644836,
-2.758408546447754,
-0.0003184676170349121,
-0.748009979724884,
-2.9710607528686523,
-2.2243833541870117,
0.731418788433075,
-2.8266377449035645,
1.9344371557235718,
0.32898908853530884,
2.524157762527466,
0.2128882110118866,
-0.44196194410324097,
-2.168673038482666,
-1.2842888832092285,
-0.029805317521095276,
0.4911136031150818,
0.6845171451568604,
-1.5384385585784912,
-0.016291379928588867,
-0.21004736423492432,
-1.4065196514129639,
-1.7987661361694336,
2.440777540206909,
0.275053471326828,
0.5968104004859924,
0.8534457683563232,
-0.9140625596046448,
-1.6942708492279053,
2.1096460819244385,
-1.067036509513855,
-1.0007355213165283,
3.8980302810668945,
0.35278379917144775,
2.902463912963867,
0.29069221019744873,
-1.3809993267059326,
-1.0415904521942139,
-0.751594066619873,
-0.21483799815177917,
-1.6743329763412476,
-1.9893330335617065,
1.268452525138855,
-0.5079123377799988,
-0.36403006315231323,
-1.627998948097229,
1.4080207347869873,
0.917721152305603,
-1.6415820121765137,
-1.3250335454940796,
-0.13561001420021057,
-2.0534605979919434,
2.524801731109619,
3.728264808654785,
-1.0761386156082153,
-1.648493766784668,
-0.5735804438591003,
-0.41322964429855347,
1.6393966674804688,
1.2811204195022583,
-0.2831066846847534,
-0.9915554523468018,
1.0308153629302979,
1.244145154953003,
0.5137344598770142,
-1.1761270761489868,
2.0435051918029785,
1.5450413227081299,
0.04978683590888977,
4.04163932800293,
0.3832094073295593,
-1.3197236061096191,
0.9423775672912598,
-1.0512527227401733,
3.3239450454711914,
1.238306999206543,
-1.4785425662994385,
-0.29764652252197266,
0.7245692610740662,
-0.31309664249420166,
-1.1801140308380127,
1.6391171216964722,
0.11018262803554535,
-0.5623435974121094,
3.1594479084014893,
1.7353901863098145,
-0.0806887298822403,
0.8152759075164795,
0.3226041793823242,
-1.6480928659439087,
2.05297589302063,
-2.1862661838531494,
0.016303911805152893,
-2.1785693168640137,
-3.050832509994507,
-0.6073959469795227,
0.009981691837310791,
1.454776406288147,
0.39733269810676575,
-2.0031185150146484,
-1.6793338060379028,
1.8257135152816772,
-0.0422709584236145,
1.0503568649291992,
2.443669080734253,
0.16452166438102722,
0.4764164090156555,
0.7404832243919373,
-2.711693286895752,
-2.49967098236084,
-3.226957082748413,
-1.7556531429290771,
0.09380372613668442,
0.602010190486908,
-0.13111232221126556,
-2.4240503311157227,
2.1314706802368164,
2.5252482891082764,
-0.12322929501533508,
1.824509859085083,
0.7877019047737122,
-0.2492208033800125,
-1.4206428527832031,
-1.7112846374511719,
-3.602064847946167,
0.6163293123245239,
-2.180868625640869,
-5.222723960876465,
-3.146672248840332,
0.4364483058452606,
0.04942641407251358,
0.1505521535873413,
-1.0549936294555664,
-2.4125638008117676,
0.3642460107803345,
0.8886268734931946,
-1.7926429510116577,
0.6969988942146301,
1.2066881656646729,
-2.731473684310913,
-1.348571538925171,
1.6883968114852905,
1.6159147024154663,
-1.0864177942276,
-2.9755685329437256,
-0.619942843914032,
1.2259632349014282,
-0.42007771134376526,
-0.08388162404298782,
-4.72226095199585,
1.6682305335998535,
0.9404038190841675,
2.9175281524658203,
2.013922929763794,
-1.62282395362854,
-0.49759212136268616,
-1.2140976190567017,
2.203462600708008,
0.8625026941299438,
-1.686360478401184,
0.10939057171344757,
0.04231861233711243,
-2.329704523086548,
0.5573006868362427,
-1.689378023147583,
-0.37101268768310547,
0.27131110429763794,
2.007699728012085,
1.4422671794891357,
2.6277737617492676,
-3.4760966300964355,
3.5928878784179688,
2.5035603046417236,
-1.122288465499878,
-0.09127950668334961,
-1.3746380805969238,
0.7212963104248047,
1.073926329612732,
0.6467331647872925,
1.0636231899261475,
1.626502275466919,
-1.0081515312194824,
1.302352786064148,
-2.855695962905884,
-1.6768302917480469,
-0.07062023878097534,
0.8463056683540344,
-1.8354222774505615,
-2.844259738922119,
1.898891568183899,
-1.5262548923492432,
0.36031201481819153,
-1.108582854270935,
-1.2818127870559692,
-0.26171258091926575,
-0.8282574415206909,
-1.9985203742980957,
-2.772465705871582,
-1.5872485637664795,
-1.6803016662597656,
0.08127559721469879,
-1.3071824312210083,
-1.9064602851867676,
0.79792320728302,
0.021176457405090332,
-0.4645814299583435,
-2.276978015899658,
1.296504259109497,
-0.4741419553756714,
-0.8940644860267639,
0.6378060579299927,
-1.4009382724761963,
-1.8284449577331543,
-1.4009252786636353,
-2.966744899749756,
0.40473079681396484,
1.5788190364837646,
-1.650019884109497,
1.7258540391921997,
0.5035738945007324,
-0.05477404221892357,
3.761443614959717,
2.6100003719329834,
3.0375471115112305,
0.7662322521209717,
0.47138744592666626,
0.8354799151420593,
1.6994240283966064,
-2.3079230785369873,
-1.9481152296066284,
0.9279557466506958,
-2.111823081970215,
1.4949069023132324,
-1.1784013509750366,
0.20396284759044647,
1.0837072134017944,
1.8428423404693604,
1.6281940937042236,
1.6474385261535645,
-1.6022354364395142,
1.261374592781067,
-0.05196887254714966,
0.39268559217453003,
1.2848221063613892,
-0.4823000431060791,
-2.7913668155670166,
-0.2513168752193451,
-0.29430198669433594,
1.2219212055206299,
3.5000038146972656,
0.05322696268558502,
-0.2766667604446411,
-3.4212725162506104,
2.086073875427246,
1.928588628768921,
2.06000018119812,
3.273515462875366,
-0.3008144199848175,
2.2149696350097656,
3.7905349731445312,
-0.3557053804397583,
0.900052547454834,
-0.32655957341194153,
-0.17541810870170593,
0.2761532664299011,
-0.1147172749042511,
-0.4792749881744385,
-0.849984347820282,
1.0781217813491821,
2.584371328353882,
-2.7997539043426514,
0.47903570532798767,
1.284377098083496,
-0.6885858774185181,
-2.341925859451294,
0.13204577565193176,
-2.2761127948760986,
-0.02403479814529419,
0.3483695685863495,
-1.0251045227050781,
0.5536787509918213,
1.7600584030151367,
-0.2803598642349243,
2.999917984008789,
2.428468942642212,
-1.2045786380767822,
0.9372699856758118,
-1.2091059684753418,
-1.3489187955856323,
-3.4949684143066406,
-1.0603612661361694,
-1.953768014907837,
-1.1262006759643555,
-1.3323237895965576,
0.6560184359550476,
0.30478954315185547,
-1.4242362976074219,
2.3745555877685547,
-1.595481038093567,
-1.0354807376861572,
0.3226742744445801,
-0.7579464316368103,
0.5830549001693726,
-1.2415872812271118,
0.8558205366134644,
-2.707611083984375,
1.5115374326705933,
0.8411017060279846,
1.570305585861206,
2.6262459754943848,
-0.6120846271514893,
0.09770303964614868,
1.387933611869812,
0.4143446385860443,
-0.10393117368221283,
-0.7815048694610596,
-0.1422078013420105,
0.0909576267004013,
0.837599515914917,
-1.0170409679412842,
2.531719446182251,
1.7368824481964111,
-1.0718438625335693,
1.883338212966919,
0.7956303358078003,
-1.0532704591751099,
0.5410590171813965,
-1.9954431056976318,
-2.4691832065582275,
-0.9377286434173584,
-0.7670771479606628,
0.6466993689537048,
1.4344861507415771,
1.8598082065582275,
-0.8123648762702942,
1.7197844982147217,
1.7502338886260986,
-1.240748643875122,
-0.8445623517036438,
0.9394894242286682,
4.286850929260254,
1.096542239189148,
0.2851976752281189,
-0.5405195951461792,
0.947383463382721,
1.056572675704956,
0.31621021032333374,
1.2882016897201538,
-1.498427391052246,
0.01970428228378296,
-1.0086281299591064,
-1.6685467958450317,
4.914328575134277,
-1.3566921949386597,
2.5709822177886963,
0.42759424448013306,
1.1186628341674805,
-0.22312065958976746,
-0.7991923689842224,
-0.3571918308734894,
1.2693930864334106,
1.8939337730407715,
-1.4874378442764282,
0.02722388505935669,
-0.8764946460723877,
-2.4814915657043457,
0.8726648092269897,
-2.8037571907043457,
0.17202511429786682,
0.7057870626449585,
2.8648805618286133,
4.776226997375488,
-0.11464941501617432
] |
is there a brain chemical/hormone change that occurs when a person loses, say in sports, that can cause a losing streak? | i had colloquially heard that there was a study stating that there was such a brain chemistry change that happens so that if person a has a losing streak against player b, the next time player a encounters player b, they become more nervous and agitated, and are therefore likely to lose again. i've been trying to search the science behind this but all the work seems to be on the psychology and hormones of winning, and not losing. | there is more than one study looking at this, in fact! in neuropsychology, this is a component of "learned helplessness" theory. when chronically exposed to a situation where they are helpless, animals develop behavioral symptoms similar to what we see in humans with anxiety and depression. hyperactive serotonin production is a neurological correlate of these behavioral symptoms; it spikes as a result of the situation and stays high, creating a neural feedback loop that keeps you in a state of anxiety for every response. if you're interested in looking for reasearch on the subject, maier, greenwood, fleshner, and seligman are the big names in this field. several of them are on this article which talks about the effect of learned helplessness on task performance, and how exercise can diminish the deficit: _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/7/2889.short"
] | [
-0.4049481749534607,
-0.663110613822937,
0.5415998697280884,
0.6079864501953125,
-0.5702354907989502,
0.41288432478904724,
2.1061503887176514,
0.6159085035324097,
1.1588401794433594,
-0.6091059446334839,
1.8357630968093872,
1.0196552276611328,
0.6300420761108398,
-0.0064640045166015625,
0.008733905851840973,
-0.3220639228820801,
1.1042556762695312,
-0.4131782650947571,
-1.2033230066299438,
0.9520481824874878,
-0.8049656748771667,
-0.2987557053565979,
0.40644627809524536,
-0.01350078359246254,
-0.9216533899307251,
0.2703724503517151,
-1.623437523841858,
-1.1452522277832031,
-0.4265216886997223,
0.4607049822807312,
-0.31689196825027466,
0.6328077912330627,
0.46311718225479126,
-1.9114688634872437,
0.3232668936252594,
2.021298408508301,
-0.3893803656101227,
-0.1519383192062378,
-0.26299840211868286,
-0.1000724509358406,
-1.0632274150848389,
-0.833228349685669,
-0.9540809988975525,
-0.17489008605480194,
0.06918090581893921,
0.5298493504524231,
-0.49714526534080505,
-0.5685885548591614,
0.14199453592300415,
-0.08398479223251343,
-1.79875648021698,
-0.26423174142837524,
-0.1512797772884369,
-0.3308606743812561,
0.22728271782398224,
0.4776017963886261,
-0.41752126812934875,
0.5387190580368042,
-1.1426098346710205,
0.9414029717445374,
0.30668994784355164,
-0.00002282857894897461,
-1.0525357723236084,
0.8671598434448242,
3.0475425720214844,
1.5308853387832642,
0.12960460782051086,
-0.6340985298156738,
0.5103026628494263,
1.2190260887145996,
0.9198679327964783,
-1.0681145191192627,
-1.4578564167022705,
0.2338685840368271,
1.6318986415863037,
-0.463712215423584,
-0.7445770502090454,
-1.2439650297164917,
1.0806330442428589,
-1.207681655883789,
1.8022385835647583,
0.646796703338623,
-0.328818678855896,
-0.35598522424697876,
-0.2945517599582672,
-0.08504645526409149,
1.2461817264556885,
-0.2540067434310913,
0.6060360670089722,
-0.024662144482135773,
-0.29607918858528137,
-0.743871808052063,
-0.9449213743209839,
-0.7195641398429871,
1.2003810405731201,
0.23468729853630066,
-1.7729732990264893,
0.08133408427238464,
-2.2400717735290527,
-0.4503171145915985,
-1.4237066507339478,
1.5080859661102295,
-0.5184460878372192,
1.2269322872161865,
-0.987582802772522,
-1.2320899963378906,
1.149383783340454,
-1.5833874940872192,
-0.6437197923660278,
0.4481602609157562,
-2.0621492862701416,
-1.3700577020645142,
-0.21585732698440552,
-0.2268572747707367,
0.9397640824317932,
-1.485052466392517,
0.45845478773117065,
0.1456906497478485,
1.300426959991455,
0.35609012842178345,
0.6783063411712646,
-1.6449987888336182,
-0.21302103996276855,
0.6675248742103577,
1.852784276008606,
0.4874683618545532,
-2.4145021438598633,
1.6288036108016968,
1.883813500404358,
0.3757903575897217,
0.662489652633667,
0.07095630466938019,
-0.2381119579076767,
-0.29102641344070435,
-1.4676079750061035,
-0.335171103477478,
2.0859427452087402,
-1.7772269248962402,
-1.1612359285354614,
0.0638824999332428,
0.8304618000984192,
2.351019859313965,
0.5792738199234009,
-1.2189290523529053,
-0.057816118001937866,
0.9140984416007996,
0.4205073416233063,
-1.3052914142608643,
0.1445620208978653,
0.3308537006378174,
0.18691590428352356,
-0.9283522367477417,
0.03803417086601257,
-0.16342777013778687,
-1.6094127893447876,
0.12030278146266937,
-1.4644429683685303,
0.5125913619995117,
-0.9226290583610535,
0.3385213613510132,
-1.5241066217422485,
0.27850958704948425,
-0.44904276728630066,
0.39285922050476074,
2.4701602458953857,
0.7744788527488708,
-0.31432032585144043,
-1.8120415210723877,
0.0959530770778656,
0.7530375719070435,
0.48621320724487305,
-0.2596643269062042,
0.05484290421009064,
-0.40299251675605774,
1.8876945972442627,
-0.3776758313179016,
-2.3022618293762207,
-0.28315550088882446,
0.12142236530780792,
1.0032479763031006,
1.3456021547317505,
-1.4728801250457764,
-0.5507166385650635,
1.1929446458816528,
-1.4111905097961426,
0.057651981711387634,
-1.0318424701690674,
0.21668393909931183,
-0.008217453956604004,
0.011269867420196533,
-1.3843705654144287,
-1.5722273588180542,
1.1295872926712036,
0.08866006135940552,
-0.6442127227783203,
-1.2460861206054688,
0.3148761987686157,
0.8034002780914307,
-0.1534348726272583,
0.1473264992237091,
-0.35001319646835327,
-0.5126082897186279,
-0.2828506529331207,
-1.3451530933380127,
-0.18882283568382263,
-0.9500882029533386,
-0.610175371170044,
-1.1604102849960327,
2.1868865489959717,
-1.8196732997894287,
-0.9089674949645996,
0.24658042192459106,
0.7178361415863037,
-0.41383659839630127,
0.9158389568328857,
-1.0344840288162231,
-1.3130778074264526,
1.9967246055603027,
-0.00974053144454956,
0.6108300089836121,
-0.3448542058467865,
-0.14112251996994019,
-0.3908378779888153,
-1.4733747243881226,
-0.7954906225204468,
-0.5811924338340759,
-2.014397144317627,
1.4157826900482178,
-0.25224569439888,
1.5022450685501099,
0.38800257444381714,
0.26747021079063416,
-0.03151530772447586,
0.7385072112083435,
-1.0108338594436646,
-1.57001531124115,
-0.07930447161197662,
0.9653189778327942,
-0.6776029467582703,
-1.778910517692566,
-2.3147780895233154,
0.5659458041191101,
-0.2691735625267029,
-0.3171175420284271,
-0.13200199604034424,
1.5438238382339478,
-0.3027743101119995,
-0.15784825384616852,
2.0311341285705566,
0.5761354565620422,
0.08317330479621887,
0.8982691168785095,
-1.3043450117111206,
0.30601662397384644,
0.12857523560523987,
1.034553050994873,
-0.5418122410774231,
-1.1667841672897339,
0.9133625030517578,
1.178571105003357,
-1.11073637008667,
-0.7220271825790405,
-1.0816508531570435,
-1.1266069412231445,
2.1556968688964844,
1.1412402391433716,
0.7691999673843384,
1.496809959411621,
1.320059061050415,
0.30031847953796387,
-0.6827400326728821,
-1.7985174655914307,
-0.11995002627372742,
0.9304516911506653,
1.921379804611206,
-0.5596930384635925,
-0.0954163521528244,
-0.9038263559341431,
-0.9247654676437378,
-0.9558244943618774,
-0.08105462789535522,
-2.9076778888702393,
-1.0118653774261475,
0.917376697063446,
-0.9140747785568237,
-1.0416334867477417,
-0.6241668462753296,
-0.17151902616024017,
1.2693065404891968,
-0.2828795313835144,
-0.9576423168182373,
1.5724209547042847,
2.28716778755188,
0.0315796434879303,
0.6868182420730591,
0.733718991279602,
-0.09294536709785461,
-2.195373058319092,
-1.4764721393585205,
0.8879245519638062,
-0.2995557188987732,
-0.7264347076416016,
-0.465052992105484,
-1.163571834564209,
-0.6575433611869812,
-0.9056192636489868,
1.7449357509613037,
-0.3504255712032318,
-1.6590664386749268,
0.5284276008605957,
-0.4670395255088806,
2.1103811264038086,
-0.04889851063489914,
1.3267136812210083,
-0.3762446343898773,
0.2939583361148834,
-1.5378583669662476,
1.018467903137207,
-0.28833818435668945,
1.1230140924453735,
0.6835405230522156,
0.10461391508579254,
0.6210877895355225,
1.4361473321914673,
1.6997623443603516,
1.4415273666381836,
-0.2254977971315384,
-0.10760322958230972,
-1.384652853012085,
1.27253258228302,
0.32530438899993896,
0.08884645998477936,
0.7539027333259583,
-0.21881678700447083,
2.040808916091919,
1.1978076696395874,
-0.4669586420059204,
1.7279809713363647,
-1.2706211805343628,
-0.03940051794052124,
1.6193464994430542,
0.49783560633659363,
-0.0018907785415649414,
0.7347367405891418,
0.5584641695022583,
-1.6724495887756348,
0.20916008949279785,
2.16585111618042,
-1.0646189451217651,
0.3684356212615967,
0.9695810079574585,
2.1654233932495117,
-0.3913217782974243,
-0.7107345461845398,
1.7935786247253418,
0.326804518699646,
-0.05587783455848694,
0.33200645446777344,
-0.37346822023391724,
-0.3212546110153198,
-1.0842643976211548,
-0.06333845853805542,
0.2270488739013672,
2.9102861881256104,
0.2679053544998169,
-0.4230290949344635,
-0.2432819902896881,
-1.2350856065750122,
0.9566249847412109,
-0.7387477159500122,
-1.1784961223602295,
1.3149259090423584,
0.8504897952079773,
0.6195223331451416,
0.6203866600990295,
-0.45289137959480286,
0.10962548106908798,
0.4312388300895691,
-2.2001094818115234,
1.1599674224853516,
1.2056605815887451,
1.4798427820205688,
0.37544694542884827,
0.42888393998146057
] |
having a hard time wrapping my mind around "time." | i hope this question makes sense. i started thinking that time doesn't really exist, but just describes things that do. i was thinking about how there really aren't two "universal" constants for time to be measured against, just the big bang and the expanding present. i tried to ask my wife about this, who is much smarter than i, and she assured me that time did indeed exist. i just, i can't figure it out. her example was that distance exists, but is defined relatively. a meter is a meter, even if your base measurement is two and a third meters. it is a matter of semantics. my argument is that "meters" don't exist at all, reality isn't cluttered with random floating meters. three meters tall is a way to describe a wall, but that distance doesn't exist without something to measure against. if i drop a ball off the roof of my house, i can use the idea of time to describe the effects of gravity on the ball, but the ball didn't traverse some object, constant, or reality. similarly, if you remove the matter in the universe that time is describing, then time ceases to exist. my wife answered that our universe is filled with matter, that is exactly what our universe is, and i can't remove it from the equation without removing the equation itself. i, at least, agree with that. she explained that distance exists, but is defined relatively. a meter is a meter, even if your base measurement is two and a third meters. it is a matter of semantics. does the theory of relativity explain that time can be "different" in different places or perceived differently by different consolidations of matter depending on other factors like speed? it feels like my wife's perspective is that time is a reality in which the universe exists, but i can't understand how it is a thing other than before, now, and after. if anyone can help me out, i'd appreciate it, i feel unnerved at somehow having lost an understanding of something so... accessible? | the theory of relativity does say the perception of time is different relative to your perception. the easiest way to understand time is, time is movement; that is without time, there would be no movement. in regards to some of your other comments: to also correct some of your thinking. a rose is a rose, by any other name, it is a rose. the term meter is a concept, same with a foot, lb, etc. the height and weight of an object still exists no matter the term you use. we have just agreed as a community to define a certain length as a meter. you are caught in the idea that their is no objective truth or are at least unaware of what that means and its implications. now onto better understanding time: i best understood it when learning about black holes, here you go: _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole"
] | [
0.3804692327976227,
-0.00942760705947876,
-0.16663847863674164,
1.197655200958252,
-0.08197784423828125,
-1.9088754653930664,
-0.2528025805950165,
-0.17652569711208344,
2.2578279972076416,
-0.6131085157394409,
0.9218035936355591,
-1.2216377258300781,
0.26783427596092224,
1.3063349723815918,
0.9860031604766846,
-1.0605131387710571,
0.6171684861183167,
-0.9671976566314697,
-2.439326286315918,
0.5010687112808228,
-0.15192395448684692,
-0.1382570117712021,
-0.8404266238212585,
0.7986046075820923,
-0.9715961217880249,
0.7719488143920898,
-0.5067721605300903,
1.3640773296356201,
-0.7573914527893066,
0.9237323999404907,
-0.640691339969635,
0.38476693630218506,
-1.2119733095169067,
0.08794590830802917,
0.109916090965271,
1.734466552734375,
0.47172555327415466,
0.6770453453063965,
0.07830247282981873,
-0.24243608117103577,
-1.1016665697097778,
-0.36381348967552185,
-0.08760476112365723,
0.7843578457832336,
0.8594056963920593,
1.839880108833313,
0.918778121471405,
0.05268658325076103,
-1.3814715147018433,
-0.296267569065094,
-0.42755571007728577,
1.175150752067566,
-0.8761899471282959,
-0.341800332069397,
-0.13463729619979858,
2.2357687950134277,
0.3675979971885681,
-0.9153139591217041,
0.9692163467407227,
-1.5616166591644287,
-0.083140529692173,
0.2507578432559967,
-1.2704671621322632,
1.7796878814697266,
-0.7773160934448242,
0.7457372546195984,
-0.5830917358398438,
-0.2456422746181488,
-1.5146727561950684,
-1.1534807682037354,
1.2821729183197021,
0.8598181009292603,
0.9025338888168335,
2.008938789367676,
0.8973864912986755,
-0.021316219121217728,
0.18693304061889648,
0.7006171941757202,
-0.652738630771637,
-0.025079943239688873,
-0.019901782274246216,
0.8617171049118042,
0.15365929901599884,
0.8667099475860596,
-0.5861133933067322,
0.03101801872253418,
0.4174122214317322,
1.454501986503601,
0.8146674036979675,
-1.8118233680725098,
-0.9399968385696411,
-0.5214797258377075,
-1.146621823310852,
0.60872882604599,
1.5594383478164673,
0.018931347876787186,
-0.8648062944412231,
-1.1172738075256348,
0.5719041228294373,
0.31235241889953613,
-2.671656847000122,
1.0299721956253052,
-2.0719926357269287,
0.07279309630393982,
1.3619921207427979,
-0.6467826962471008,
-0.4286002516746521,
1.5605744123458862,
1.638901948928833,
0.7743256092071533,
0.34259629249572754,
-1.6589596271514893,
0.06282749027013779,
-0.3407995104789734,
-0.4647316634654999,
-0.6251075267791748,
-1.1840064525604248,
-1.1886465549468994,
0.8663784861564636,
-0.024742484092712402,
-1.087200403213501,
-0.14525000751018524,
-0.38224440813064575,
-0.17675498127937317,
0.3272680342197418,
-1.5469063520431519,
1.7416846752166748,
1.0361089706420898,
-1.161516547203064,
-0.10193759202957153,
1.1755331754684448,
-2.587914228439331,
-0.6444375514984131,
0.9144534468650818,
-0.5612750053405762,
-0.05055922269821167,
1.9866536855697632,
-0.8498361706733704,
0.8544593453407288,
-0.3817955553531647,
0.6718820333480835,
0.6874181032180786,
1.0838693380355835,
-0.4990932047367096,
-0.4042797088623047,
1.72800874710083,
0.7861674427986145,
-0.404185950756073,
0.2519332468509674,
-0.021347254514694214,
-0.05928213149309158,
-0.04667872190475464,
-0.2108260840177536,
-0.655669093132019,
-1.1626927852630615,
0.3579181432723999,
0.34588345885276794,
-0.17454290390014648,
-1.0844451189041138,
-0.054040759801864624,
-0.25321146845817566,
0.10454084724187851,
-0.12891729176044464,
0.24902179837226868,
1.7311441898345947,
0.42635250091552734,
-1.251465082168579,
-1.600581407546997,
1.10378098487854,
-0.10887652635574341,
0.40627989172935486,
-1.2559620141983032,
-0.3490457534790039,
0.6542302966117859,
-0.18700088560581207,
-0.40922269225120544,
-1.981083869934082,
0.7881662249565125,
-0.7563215494155884,
1.4723445177078247,
1.005133867263794,
-0.5483112335205078,
0.36322924494743347,
0.15059980750083923,
-1.3160558938980103,
1.0608628988265991,
-1.2308557033538818,
-0.22860142588615417,
-0.01667606830596924,
0.0010312795639038086,
0.6566569805145264,
-0.5147932767868042,
0.597000002861023,
0.5856982469558716,
-0.3514276146888733,
-0.31712546944618225,
1.702954888343811,
-0.21336647868156433,
-0.39569222927093506,
-1.0500632524490356,
-2.3780224323272705,
1.1295602321624756,
-0.7765423059463501,
-1.3348338603973389,
0.4642805755138397,
0.25804927945137024,
2.2464447021484375,
0.4258185923099518,
-1.3324730396270752,
0.20699431002140045,
1.3837075233459473,
-0.8807361125946045,
-1.3571797609329224,
-1.0590718984603882,
1.569902777671814,
-0.4667498767375946,
-1.242993712425232,
-0.12362328171730042,
-2.4151113033294678,
1.0449986457824707,
-2.3678033351898193,
-0.8613772392272949,
-2.1520817279815674,
-1.3695608377456665,
-1.5176308155059814,
-0.7006639242172241,
-0.17534510791301727,
2.198575735092163,
0.819726288318634,
0.48935744166374207,
0.6105639934539795,
-0.4580123722553253,
1.8164641857147217,
1.992798924446106,
-0.6098248958587646,
0.10177421569824219,
-0.5207210779190063,
-0.40530118346214294,
0.7942206263542175,
0.08559754490852356,
-1.2848055362701416,
-0.657817542552948,
-0.9287741780281067,
1.0582938194274902,
-0.3181840777397156,
0.04585424065589905,
-2.2359633445739746,
-1.3709588050842285,
0.6555345058441162,
0.8881657123565674,
1.0352603197097778,
0.6188557147979736,
-1.3824574947357178,
-0.3067891597747803,
-0.024017274379730225,
-0.9225090742111206,
-1.6334478855133057,
-0.22575092315673828,
0.09135550260543823,
0.07460057735443115,
0.8294185400009155,
0.2791380286216736,
0.8993239402770996,
-0.13507229089736938,
0.9710381031036377,
0.9505131244659424,
0.34769028425216675,
0.320148766040802,
-1.8485325574874878,
-0.8001343011856079,
-0.3463592529296875,
0.46480080485343933,
-0.014988735318183899,
-0.8569228649139404,
-0.061704859137535095,
-0.7987068295478821,
0.5218034386634827,
0.45526936650276184,
-0.822511613368988,
-0.8755056262016296,
0.1760948896408081,
-0.7600424289703369,
-1.037147045135498,
1.0033363103866577,
0.21141421794891357,
-0.4563146233558655,
0.2244032472372055,
1.327914834022522,
0.2977820932865143,
0.20572297275066376,
-0.613289475440979,
1.507837176322937,
-0.764439582824707,
0.061695367097854614,
0.30895641446113586,
-0.1684003323316574,
-1.8047893047332764,
-0.24414071440696716,
0.459159255027771,
-0.11212700605392456,
1.1344690322875977,
-0.07497245073318481,
-0.9057334065437317,
-1.0726040601730347,
0.4237804412841797,
0.040337443351745605,
1.6680328845977783,
0.7309287786483765,
0.8379766941070557,
-0.6958780288696289,
-0.692630410194397,
-0.3643859922885895,
-0.448751837015152,
1.4677400588989258,
-0.9882887601852417,
0.3019818067550659,
-1.7013940811157227,
0.022067759186029434,
-1.0730245113372803,
0.5943090319633484,
-0.1292739361524582,
0.618196427822113,
1.0145304203033447,
0.2779412269592285,
0.4334622323513031,
2.0215821266174316,
2.9541025161743164,
0.28811827301979065,
-1.2761924266815186,
0.01530197262763977,
-0.7304812669754028,
-0.9878990054130554,
0.1762438416481018,
-0.17036136984825134,
0.4065762758255005,
0.19899976253509521,
-0.9364241361618042,
-1.5553196668624878,
-0.8143720030784607,
1.357998013496399,
0.5247642993927002,
-0.4495195150375366,
-0.1405760943889618,
0.40790602564811707,
1.8197250366210938,
-0.3860025405883789,
0.1960040032863617,
2.075554847717285,
-0.05384376645088196,
-0.20913150906562805,
0.10470421612262726,
2.618992567062378,
0.04671221971511841,
0.7975775003433228,
1.3287159204483032,
-0.846166729927063,
-0.16998547315597534,
1.113612413406372,
0.6962710618972778,
-0.6039993166923523,
0.8595168590545654,
0.905809223651886,
-0.21820101141929626,
2.261748790740967,
-0.4856175184249878,
0.7792037725448608,
-0.3994258642196655,
-0.33833208680152893,
-1.8395487070083618,
-0.6303948163986206,
-0.9858813881874084,
1.225278377532959,
0.041504740715026855,
-1.1665594577789307,
2.021221399307251,
-0.6113994121551514,
-0.5534055233001709,
-0.4245610237121582,
-1.8300782442092896,
0.6658551692962646,
1.4334290027618408,
0.784359335899353,
0.26758894324302673,
0.7361578941345215
] |
physical significance of s(q) structure factor against scattering vector q? | in diffraction experiments it is common to graph the structure factor against the scattering vector q. my question is what exactly do the peaks in the resultant plot from x-ray diffraction of neutron diffraction physically correspond to? also, i think it would help to frame the answer in the case of a non periodic structure (or perfect crystal scenarios). any help would be appreciated. | scattering is essentially a momentum transfer. the scattering vector is essentially just the difference in momentum of in the incoming beam with the detected beam. so that for diffraction you can have detectors either moving through different angles or set up at multiple angles, and at that specific angle if a particle is detected it has transferred an amount of momentum directly proportional to the scattering vector. the structure factor is how the specific positions of atoms in the sample influence the amount of signal that will be detected with a specific scattering vector. if you look at the autocorrelation of atom positions, you essentially have the radial distribution function. if you take the fourier transform not only is it easier to calculate the the correlation because of the convolution theorem, but you're in momentum space as the fourier transform of the momentum operator is the position operator. the function is thus the the momenta associated with the difference in atomic positions of the atoms, and is proportional to the amount of particles scattered through an angle described by that much momentum transfer. having measured the structure factor you can take the fourier transform back into position space, if you have phase information of the scattering (say by using a coherent beam source) you can recreate the positions in detail, if you don't have phase information you can get an rdf, but not the true positions of atoms. so the structure factor is just how easy certain changes in momentum are in the sample. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.121960401535034,
0.2566712498664856,
0.8644933104515076,
-0.5499017238616943,
-0.05048497021198273,
-0.14309397339820862,
0.9819988012313843,
1.794672966003418,
2.154881000518799,
-1.8467637300491333,
2.8914616107940674,
-1.776239037513733,
-1.0008894205093384,
-0.9018905162811279,
0.10667266696691513,
-2.745436668395996,
-2.4519076347351074,
2.6195948123931885,
-4.8629469871521,
0.24249444901943207,
0.9372349381446838,
-1.5680296421051025,
-1.5919103622436523,
0.06943076848983765,
0.759170651435852,
2.3439464569091797,
2.75057315826416,
-0.8077982664108276,
4.574671268463135,
-0.8439032435417175,
-0.13598306477069855,
3.0672950744628906,
1.4151132106781006,
-0.14119598269462585,
-1.1024242639541626,
-0.914076566696167,
-1.6969091892242432,
-0.18382257223129272,
-0.27736732363700867,
0.8522210717201233,
0.7175441384315491,
0.3251163363456726,
3.193427324295044,
2.1331019401550293,
-0.48159104585647583,
-0.5806452035903931,
1.4754565954208374,
2.6393330097198486,
-1.8061974048614502,
1.7659127712249756,
-3.707364082336426,
-0.9683781266212463,
-0.22040708363056183,
0.9894673824310303,
-1.2726331949234009,
2.2654824256896973,
4.711295127868652,
-3.3979251384735107,
-0.4224715232849121,
-2.5862252712249756,
1.9049646854400635,
0.29665514826774597,
-2.9192097187042236,
0.2953333854675293,
4.352552890777588,
-0.30478209257125854,
1.2928216457366943,
-2.828507423400879,
0.45852285623550415,
1.4262069463729858,
1.5557851791381836,
1.1757200956344604,
-2.7132811546325684,
-1.722817063331604,
2.0350868701934814,
-1.3514868021011353,
-2.1841583251953125,
4.2857136726379395,
0.922864556312561,
1.491556167602539,
2.33075213432312,
-4.243902206420898,
-1.9525123834609985,
-1.8937416076660156,
-0.09227040410041809,
3.09692645072937,
0.7023585438728333,
0.33639442920684814,
0.10103720426559448,
0.23711538314819336,
-1.353278636932373,
-1.9975169897079468,
-4.7516021728515625,
0.6321154236793518,
-0.5137810707092285,
2.817265033721924,
1.3579540252685547,
0.9969531893730164,
7.199392318725586,
1.0225484371185303,
0.5227037668228149,
0.4653967618942261,
-5.741487503051758,
1.560471773147583,
-4.243817329406738,
-0.5971214771270752,
-0.3324868679046631,
1.0945889949798584,
0.3795337677001953,
3.1351101398468018,
-1.3938195705413818,
-1.23233163356781,
2.087942600250244,
-2.884028196334839,
0.26821231842041016,
-5.540162086486816,
0.19958044588565826,
2.999319076538086,
0.9706647992134094,
-4.090641498565674,
-0.8375445604324341,
-0.4980872869491577,
-0.6924576759338379,
-1.3526475429534912,
-0.050372108817100525,
-0.3513694405555725,
-2.7971200942993164,
0.5044562816619873,
1.863231897354126,
1.3311657905578613,
1.8072937726974487,
-2.3766586780548096,
-2.7283849716186523,
-1.4236795902252197,
-2.3174936771392822,
-0.7043716907501221,
3.080700397491455,
-0.7119152545928955,
-2.975642681121826,
3.8566734790802,
0.7165817022323608,
-1.6519358158111572,
-1.4937021732330322,
0.2134324014186859,
2.020561933517456,
1.304152488708496,
0.3293532133102417,
0.5639751553535461,
1.753698706626892,
0.3736526668071747,
-0.6817660331726074,
-1.3329551219940186,
-0.7271827459335327,
-1.5114145278930664,
-0.0660247951745987,
-1.5550954341888428,
-2.7223005294799805,
1.9161977767944336,
-0.3361964225769043,
1.353676676750183,
-4.39979887008667,
1.564321517944336,
2.3534605503082275,
0.959798276424408,
0.013930130749940872,
1.1679179668426514,
2.360595464706421,
-1.858176350593567,
0.5063745379447937,
-0.6253499388694763,
0.8367242217063904,
-2.5276682376861572,
1.3909704685211182,
-0.7791842222213745,
-0.5576815605163574,
0.6549069881439209,
-2.234039306640625,
-0.34723955392837524,
1.2407822608947754,
0.2740892767906189,
-0.5786068439483643,
-0.6032077074050903,
5.675077438354492,
1.1807794570922852,
1.9322930574417114,
-0.8702423572540283,
-0.4087693691253662,
0.7997347116470337,
-2.238091468811035,
-0.287993848323822,
0.1783677339553833,
-1.2004703283309937,
-0.9601407051086426,
1.6610654592514038,
-2.205770254135132,
-4.164544105529785,
2.6006534099578857,
3.3645875453948975,
0.8328895568847656,
1.9115753173828125,
0.6329373121261597,
1.0289883613586426,
0.7704743146896362,
-0.41638311743736267,
-1.3935506343841553,
1.6685450077056885,
1.074878215789795,
0.6186612248420715,
-5.219699859619141,
1.4025769233703613,
-1.8881440162658691,
-6.400405406951904,
-1.2135307788848877,
-0.7750855088233948,
-2.152538776397705,
-0.8359923362731934,
-4.1083598136901855,
-3.5759329795837402,
-2.430121898651123,
-2.232872486114502,
1.0991847515106201,
2.100682497024536,
1.3793394565582275,
-1.2192013263702393,
-3.209420919418335,
0.8499242663383484,
0.40069589018821716,
0.8003503084182739,
-1.0821630954742432,
-0.005250126123428345,
3.0139591693878174,
1.341213345527649,
3.825446605682373,
0.4613937735557556,
-0.36262139678001404,
-0.029077857732772827,
-4.727046966552734,
1.7750828266143799,
-1.5016324520111084,
-2.6310834884643555,
2.290593385696411,
-2.215359687805176,
-0.35217970609664917,
-1.8238391876220703,
-0.001308441162109375,
-1.7421413660049438,
1.2427077293395996,
-0.4501363933086395,
1.0740050077438354,
-1.009032964706421,
0.17078861594200134,
-3.5410690307617188,
-0.27788352966308594,
0.9625579118728638,
0.8417438268661499,
-1.7221074104309082,
0.4105859100818634,
-0.4293210804462433,
-3.7196614742279053,
-1.9410998821258545,
2.346651315689087,
0.3362787365913391,
0.73420649766922,
-1.797143816947937,
1.9361457824707031,
4.83677864074707,
3.2430224418640137,
1.0680699348449707,
-0.8878787159919739,
-0.3877541422843933,
2.95109224319458,
-0.2902473509311676,
0.08403509855270386,
1.5356030464172363,
2.0206801891326904,
-1.3860918283462524,
0.407395601272583,
-0.575407862663269,
-1.5061731338500977,
3.7051281929016113,
-1.263430118560791,
-1.5772442817687988,
2.494032144546509,
-0.08634232729673386,
-2.286222457885742,
-1.1155081987380981,
-0.3452754318714142,
1.5760602951049805,
2.3583266735076904,
0.20379871129989624,
-2.1590118408203125,
1.2774991989135742,
0.42561402916908264,
0.534048318862915,
1.727537751197815,
5.292292594909668,
2.184706211090088,
1.79567289352417,
0.7824114561080933,
-1.9727965593338013,
2.232537031173706,
-0.8238248825073242,
0.011364785954356194,
-0.51200270652771,
-3.5795722007751465,
0.5955217480659485,
1.2270712852478027,
1.4921844005584717,
-0.4922909438610077,
-0.3538224697113037,
-1.9998174905776978,
-3.721454620361328,
3.2107913494110107,
-3.121082305908203,
-2.543353319168091,
3.823158025741577,
2.9926609992980957,
-0.5020958781242371,
3.479827404022217,
1.3079807758331299,
-0.23245704174041748,
-1.555895447731018,
-0.31997811794281006,
-1.8117728233337402,
4.876356601715088,
1.267075538635254,
-0.4868507981300354,
-3.496293544769287,
-0.7362837791442871,
-1.5357109308242798,
0.39595526456832886,
-0.5155211091041565,
0.5082117319107056,
-1.0346999168395996,
4.660863399505615,
0.5571457743644714,
-3.030808925628662,
-1.46425199508667,
-2.0396769046783447,
0.6208365559577942,
1.075507640838623,
-1.9043861627578735,
0.5207240581512451,
1.4272109270095825,
0.0705844834446907,
-0.8549014329910278,
-1.5163817405700684,
0.9375385046005249,
-1.9562313556671143,
0.2670978605747223,
-2.882310152053833,
1.762305498123169,
4.569903373718262,
0.6169185638427734,
-0.09429079294204712,
-0.7679022550582886,
0.9744943380355835,
-1.8077183961868286,
-0.43028125166893005,
1.661824107170105,
-2.990748882293701,
0.040713876485824585,
1.0325541496276855,
3.773120403289795,
-0.7852259874343872,
2.2946536540985107,
-0.13732558488845825,
-1.8137813806533813,
0.35371559858322144,
3.033505439758301,
-0.8171948194503784,
3.807966709136963,
0.8745039701461792,
-1.4000693559646606,
-0.08846531808376312,
-1.0085253715515137,
-0.3011499047279358,
-1.0120335817337036,
-2.264402389526367,
-2.4241278171539307,
0.45284777879714966,
2.3755083084106445,
1.9956386089324951,
1.227906584739685
] |
can someone explain this "contradiction" regarding the "world's roundest object" and the sensivity of human fingertips? | hello r/askscience, this is my first time posting here but i did't really know where else to get an answer to this. i was watching an entertaining video from youtube channel veritasium called [world's roundest object!](_url_0_) in which the channel's host, derek muller, gets to touch and hold a 1 kg silicone sphere which is also, appearantly, the most spherical object in the world. then he proceeds to talking about the kilogram as a unit, but it was anonther thing that caught my attention. at one point, he asks the scientist lady exactly how round it is, to which she replies (at about 1:07 into the video): > if this was the earth, the highest mountain and the lowest valley would be about 14 meters apart. which sort of left me quarreled. see, i read an article on reddit about a [swedish study which had shown that people can detect nano-scale wrinkles while running their fingers upon a seemingly smooth surface](_url_1_), specifically stating that: > "this means that, if your finger was the size of the earth, you could feel the difference between houses from cars [...]" how does this add up? if the fingertips are that sensitive, it should be easy to detect wrinkles or tiny cracks - in the silicon sphere - that would, to scale, be way larger than "houses and cars". also, 14 meters doesn't really seem all that tiny, or am i just underestimating the size of the earth? i would really appreciate someone clearing this up for me, since this has been bugging me for some time. thanks. | the highest point on earth is the summit of mt. everest. the lowest point on earth is the bottom of the mariana trench. the difference between these two is 8.8 km + 11 km = about 29.8 km. 29.8 km is 29800 meters. compared to 14 meters, that's a 1:2100 ratio (rounded for significant digits). while the human finger may be able to detect the imperfections in the silicon sphere, that's not to say that the object isn't absurdly rounded. actually, it's more of a testament to how sensitive our fingertips really are. also, the imperfections in the silicon sphere are likely gradual, not sharp drop-offs, making it much harder to sense them by touch. | 6 | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMByI4s-D-Y",
"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130916110853.htm"
] | [] | [
-0.3185521364212036,
-0.22964902222156525,
0.2932000160217285,
-0.42849165201187134,
-0.1743067502975464,
-2.7989864349365234,
1.0533945560455322,
0.6595147848129272,
1.772080898284912,
-0.6455937623977661,
1.6706960201263428,
-1.6019169092178345,
0.5255683660507202,
1.0721862316131592,
0.3017352223396301,
-0.7884107828140259,
-1.2514406442642212,
-0.5528643131256104,
-1.4104154109954834,
1.408278465270996,
0.1332419514656067,
-0.5767667889595032,
0.15256717801094055,
-1.9683340787887573,
-1.7645988464355469,
0.8778554797172546,
1.0792685747146606,
-0.9234296083450317,
-0.6832067370414734,
-2.693547248840332,
-0.9498254060745239,
1.487149953842163,
0.0395064502954483,
0.3084685504436493,
-0.0516493022441864,
0.8684306144714355,
-0.1547594964504242,
0.8480076789855957,
0.7912154197692871,
-0.7517538070678711,
-0.06370126456022263,
-0.568251371383667,
1.5970287322998047,
1.4607131481170654,
1.1688461303710938,
1.8216571807861328,
0.6551374197006226,
0.7105099558830261,
-0.6135056018829346,
-0.02149638533592224,
-0.057481616735458374,
0.5893146395683289,
-0.8172994256019592,
0.6080926060676575,
-0.9722931385040283,
0.8382314443588257,
0.6816797852516174,
-1.518505573272705,
-0.3767913579940796,
0.6651448607444763,
0.8363171815872192,
-1.075033187866211,
-1.0383206605911255,
1.4276905059814453,
1.8818449974060059,
0.2942124307155609,
0.4196294844150543,
-2.1053073406219482,
-1.9659804105758667,
1.3935929536819458,
0.9882669448852539,
0.17670947313308716,
-0.6525837182998657,
0.0352906808257103,
1.8807134628295898,
-0.4282480776309967,
-1.1317278146743774,
1.1129485368728638,
-0.6840148568153381,
0.810321569442749,
-0.41880613565444946,
0.4822930693626404,
0.2524769902229309,
1.223583459854126,
-0.5758541822433472,
1.5963993072509766,
0.789159893989563,
0.3631344139575958,
-0.08547830581665039,
-0.35872340202331543,
-1.3953622579574585,
-0.31586843729019165,
-1.6604485511779785,
-0.4521752595901489,
-0.6468830704689026,
-0.38203680515289307,
-0.5073611736297607,
-2.0474348068237305,
-1.6630979776382446,
1.0681748390197754,
-1.3099162578582764,
1.8183706998825073,
-2.7536706924438477,
-0.6250808238983154,
0.7267077565193176,
-0.24966594576835632,
0.07670891284942627,
-0.49254903197288513,
-1.2397358417510986,
1.1320873498916626,
0.4901978075504303,
-1.4113600254058838,
0.38782161474227905,
-0.08985371887683868,
0.47931718826293945,
-1.6714733839035034,
1.1697865724563599,
-0.19620253145694733,
-0.1978742480278015,
-1.6844854354858398,
-0.2123728096485138,
-0.7056504487991333,
-0.899356484413147,
0.36176785826683044,
-0.18034259974956512,
-1.0526559352874756,
0.30953407287597656,
1.5134916305541992,
0.40058717131614685,
0.5645275115966797,
0.5817664265632629,
-2.034097671508789,
0.6378633975982666,
0.14127027988433838,
-0.907623291015625,
-0.4077030122280121,
0.40177375078201294,
-0.4574039578437805,
-1.0294444561004639,
1.1465604305267334,
1.3085848093032837,
0.20854032039642334,
2.5881714820861816,
0.15410873293876648,
0.8547858595848083,
1.0732444524765015,
-1.3642815351486206,
-0.9525315761566162,
0.09864860773086548,
-0.8433642387390137,
-0.9975690841674805,
0.06478117406368256,
1.2883573770523071,
-0.6252627372741699,
-0.5364912748336792,
0.28151148557662964,
1.034155011177063,
0.035759441554546356,
-0.7608978748321533,
0.9979490637779236,
-0.13402533531188965,
0.5210514664649963,
-0.9229348301887512,
1.3220707178115845,
0.5927546620368958,
-0.17688149213790894,
-0.09963271021842957,
-0.9542895555496216,
0.8077682256698608,
0.895072877407074,
0.6195310354232788,
0.5088099241256714,
0.5401854515075684,
-0.13108505308628082,
-0.4334486424922943,
-0.3314210772514343,
-2.0848026275634766,
-0.5171043276786804,
-0.2114705890417099,
1.1914705038070679,
0.5256558060646057,
-0.04430963099002838,
1.4575040340423584,
-0.4969281852245331,
0.1237332671880722,
0.3152858316898346,
-1.1298505067825317,
1.8366484642028809,
-0.07417482137680054,
-0.46544283628463745,
-0.3341728746891022,
1.2275841236114502,
-0.410189688205719,
0.7145912647247314,
-1.2911956310272217,
0.4221433401107788,
-0.16123518347740173,
-0.6377314925193787,
-1.9158027172088623,
0.7264243364334106,
0.45345109701156616,
-0.9908221960067749,
-1.0878140926361084,
-1.5854394435882568,
0.6552740335464478,
-0.7139992713928223,
2.2684996128082275,
-0.6137956976890564,
-0.49427950382232666,
1.2023364305496216,
-0.08730366080999374,
-2.3813583850860596,
-1.5818899869918823,
0.6288349032402039,
0.9698442220687866,
-1.0068248510360718,
-1.2022929191589355,
-0.4106970429420471,
-1.5753751993179321,
0.34542426466941833,
-1.1355948448181152,
-0.41762495040893555,
-0.9635761976242065,
-2.197676420211792,
-1.168877124786377,
-1.4553087949752808,
-0.17025674879550934,
2.3193435668945312,
-0.3803418278694153,
0.7874243259429932,
1.7141437530517578,
0.9305789470672607,
-0.44919246435165405,
0.2475738823413849,
-1.0614655017852783,
-0.20018047094345093,
-0.6009748578071594,
0.26056063175201416,
0.5725767612457275,
0.25474339723587036,
-0.6663267612457275,
-0.19762463867664337,
0.01055234670639038,
0.34494495391845703,
1.1348061561584473,
-0.41478145122528076,
0.7950994968414307,
-0.39101946353912354,
0.2169785499572754,
1.8351640701293945,
-0.16221290826797485,
-1.6800143718719482,
-0.9652749300003052,
0.7307639122009277,
-0.35947227478027344,
-0.5842384099960327,
0.009731680154800415,
0.29089152812957764,
-0.4638691842556,
0.7645798921585083,
1.1501710414886475,
-1.2955139875411987,
-0.025228358805179596,
-0.39622002840042114,
0.4094482660293579,
0.961738109588623,
-0.029288839548826218,
0.21595022082328796,
-0.9005566835403442,
-0.7340600490570068,
-0.2708335518836975,
0.414040744304657,
-0.41402488946914673,
-0.3323858082294464,
0.9828296899795532,
-0.28402701020240784,
0.5652974843978882,
0.09843382239341736,
-0.5178533792495728,
0.2883296310901642,
-1.0732853412628174,
-2.131828784942627,
0.6963472366333008,
0.3868965804576874,
0.24285510182380676,
-1.0374900102615356,
-0.7495980858802795,
-0.7916148900985718,
1.6659767627716064,
-0.4249849021434784,
0.8877741694450378,
3.413724899291992,
-0.9125015139579773,
0.9283328652381897,
1.098070740699768,
1.1755894422531128,
0.9464050531387329,
-0.866923987865448,
0.49052175879478455,
0.28685617446899414,
0.39704373478889465,
-0.41668614745140076,
-1.9902379512786865,
-0.6089892983436584,
0.015391170978546143,
0.5592960119247437,
0.12545226514339447,
1.2861299514770508,
0.36794599890708923,
0.8436503410339355,
-0.17195618152618408,
-0.29410260915756226,
0.5293526649475098,
0.6656442284584045,
-1.4594941139221191,
0.14340491592884064,
0.5549684762954712,
0.9162268042564392,
0.32558757066726685,
0.19581389427185059,
0.3564414083957672,
-0.08410196006298065,
0.3831017017364502,
-0.1323569416999817,
0.5095083117485046,
0.7565076351165771,
0.7460623383522034,
-0.3511202931404114,
-0.931557834148407,
-0.7762107849121094,
-0.9715417623519897,
-0.23759278655052185,
-0.742782473564148,
1.926335096359253,
1.687504529953003,
1.0135093927383423,
-0.16495656967163086,
-1.5831847190856934,
-1.256506323814392,
0.035511866211891174,
-0.11012768745422363,
1.2266238927841187,
1.1160475015640259,
-1.0310410261154175,
0.0411558672785759,
0.15767288208007812,
-0.563449501991272,
0.8056738972663879,
-1.9394453763961792,
-0.24106310307979584,
-0.8821288347244263,
0.9855965971946716,
1.7013524770736694,
0.5795634388923645,
0.9393839240074158,
0.2555103898048401,
-0.5463885068893433,
0.2233906388282776,
0.2681580185890198,
-0.4647022485733032,
0.42704713344573975,
-1.0048595666885376,
-0.9155044555664062,
3.273322343826294,
-1.0994720458984375,
1.9808255434036255,
0.38653647899627686,
-0.5879908204078674,
-0.8343591690063477,
1.104299545288086,
-0.04921308159828186,
1.394466519355774,
1.1162936687469482,
-0.9884840250015259,
-0.7347154021263123,
0.20572422444820404,
0.18277370929718018,
0.8087389469146729,
-1.5341157913208008,
2.604299545288086,
1.3004581928253174,
1.2349181175231934,
0.5109097957611084,
1.2360349893569946
] |
do stalag tights/mites have to be formed by small drops of mineral rich water over millions of years, or can they form from a much heavier water flow over a few thousand? | i don't know where the 'millions of years' idea came from or why it's still believed. stalagmites form very fast. i took a cave tour once and you could easily see stalagmites forming over wires and lights. when asked our tour guide said he had to walk through the cave every few months and knock them off the wires and lights to prevent damage. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=homemade+stalactites+and+stalagmites"
] | [
0.213786780834198,
0.0996573269367218,
0.24075260758399963,
0.6529262065887451,
-0.7989277839660645,
-0.7926039099693298,
-0.3932216763496399,
-0.4772226810455322,
-0.062351226806640625,
0.1327827274799347,
0.03423728048801422,
0.7527291178703308,
-0.27996721863746643,
0.02705930732190609,
0.07493098080158234,
0.8692078590393066,
-0.9945937395095825,
-0.03667578101158142,
-0.14808233082294464,
0.23831576108932495,
0.6473307013511658,
-0.13958454132080078,
-0.32544007897377014,
0.08592769503593445,
-0.44854962825775146,
-0.26520204544067383,
-0.29923075437545776,
0.025682121515274048,
-0.14014984667301178,
-0.6542983055114746,
-0.6033056974411011,
-0.4383322298526764,
-0.7822839021682739,
-0.11098291724920273,
0.1181427538394928,
1.1218140125274658,
-0.12142281234264374,
-0.024094387888908386,
0.0023960620164871216,
0.23396891355514526,
-0.2110699564218521,
0.7507464289665222,
0.24401627480983734,
0.04795403778553009,
0.40059876441955566,
1.0816187858581543,
0.7315481901168823,
-0.24240480363368988,
0.0667235404253006,
-0.44412338733673096,
0.3930979073047638,
-0.5670047998428345,
0.4440048336982727,
-0.20256152749061584,
-0.5482848882675171,
-0.12007784843444824,
0.10791335254907608,
-0.3196175694465637,
0.17060476541519165,
-0.425250381231308,
0.1542285680770874,
0.4525719881057739,
-0.1592753380537033,
-0.25372928380966187,
-0.10598385334014893,
0.12707971036434174,
-0.4561358094215393,
-0.34517738223075867,
0.8773760199546814,
0.7633990049362183,
0.2971844971179962,
-0.41726696491241455,
-0.06442001461982727,
-0.34213703870773315,
-0.17537112534046173,
0.01853311061859131,
0.16743217408657074,
-0.29909756779670715,
-0.1639532744884491,
-0.47700798511505127,
-0.2345658540725708,
0.024120839312672615,
0.04308674484491348,
0.007918551564216614,
0.4809933304786682,
0.7050426602363586,
-0.18284980952739716,
0.6792078614234924,
-0.6797769069671631,
-0.40327996015548706,
0.5519852638244629,
0.3176504671573639,
0.035422250628471375,
0.5392805933952332,
0.266262948513031,
0.3090779781341553,
-0.259759783744812,
-0.23910941183567047,
-0.3354954719543457,
-0.5813561081886292,
0.4881231188774109,
-0.3360142111778259,
-1.0490686893463135,
-0.2137574702501297,
-0.6090881824493408,
-0.7529298067092896,
1.0442640781402588,
0.4265669584274292,
0.12221343070268631,
0.26102590560913086,
-0.23145931959152222,
0.25933539867401123,
0.6674031019210815,
0.20601288974285126,
-0.2596327066421509,
-0.33365240693092346,
-0.5849781632423401,
0.3765924572944641,
0.041922472417354584,
0.40718549489974976,
0.4882112443447113,
0.007446698844432831,
0.05532854050397873,
0.2759771943092346,
0.04366018623113632,
-0.2675582468509674,
0.18865573406219482,
0.8527979850769043,
0.4769417643547058,
0.2635393738746643,
-0.736217737197876,
-0.2657454013824463,
1.2409545183181763,
0.024006500840187073,
0.13527849316596985,
-0.3372359871864319,
0.38686123490333557,
0.371063232421875,
-0.07931887358427048,
-0.33456048369407654,
-0.43689802289009094,
0.3520311713218689,
0.4922999143600464,
-0.9609982371330261,
0.5860050320625305,
-0.12553638219833374,
0.2893175184726715,
-0.19029362499713898,
-0.4795730412006378,
-0.8277872800827026,
0.15288156270980835,
-0.4801180362701416,
0.7853784561157227,
0.5874683856964111,
-0.4877198338508606,
0.6216141581535339,
-0.9226899147033691,
0.9182597994804382,
0.5902018547058105,
0.2406288981437683,
-0.8466278314590454,
-0.06920313090085983,
0.4220235049724579,
0.6117632389068604,
0.6133335828781128,
-0.5896997451782227,
-0.7567366361618042,
-0.8131470084190369,
-0.21623533964157104,
-0.19089536368846893,
-1.034085988998413,
0.02421680837869644,
0.8805502653121948,
-0.2627676725387573,
-0.23736710846424103,
-0.15696142613887787,
-1.1780673265457153,
0.5245674252510071,
0.06983262300491333,
0.5842898488044739,
-0.7190879583358765,
-0.5912545919418335,
0.38712453842163086,
0.45926928520202637,
0.19152729213237762,
-0.02002769708633423,
0.5141399502754211,
0.39627426862716675,
0.8063210248947144,
0.2117944359779358,
0.10091251134872437,
0.6069750189781189,
0.8101693391799927,
-0.3483523428440094,
-0.1711854189634323,
1.554092288017273,
-0.8852533102035522,
-0.32697629928588867,
-0.7670072317123413,
-0.2592758536338806,
-0.9092254638671875,
-0.7479736804962158,
-0.74715656042099,
-0.768936038017273,
-0.5229785442352295,
-0.08286292850971222,
0.8944669961929321,
-0.40429359674453735,
-0.44319093227386475,
0.42750608921051025,
0.27745404839515686,
-0.2919139862060547,
0.6658557653427124,
-0.24155288934707642,
1.3419476747512817,
-0.14826223254203796,
-0.2267492413520813,
-0.061701614409685135,
0.0014352928847074509,
0.38061848282814026,
0.3184693455696106,
-1.2335039377212524,
-0.2561386823654175,
-0.8171671628952026,
-0.25936105847358704,
0.020501568913459778,
0.7163662910461426,
0.2976270020008087,
-0.061696406453847885,
-0.1785462647676468,
-0.6200621128082275,
1.391811490058899,
0.537807822227478,
1.0208256244659424,
0.19956529140472412,
0.26451343297958374,
0.08386613428592682,
-0.5123131275177002,
0.5359694957733154,
-0.553341269493103,
1.0072510242462158,
-0.5579378604888916,
-0.1287563443183899,
-0.03235645592212677,
-0.11426684260368347,
0.45910850167274475,
-0.5988121032714844,
-0.8693724870681763,
-0.14779138565063477,
0.4410858750343323,
0.14355354011058807,
0.05303729325532913,
-0.6904506683349609,
-0.1325329840183258,
-0.9771935343742371,
0.3103451132774353,
-0.2549210786819458,
-0.00661545991897583,
-0.049654051661491394,
0.48584240674972534,
0.25787991285324097,
0.044274479150772095,
0.03833556920289993,
-1.1715298891067505,
1.0211496353149414,
0.17489509284496307,
0.6419973373413086,
0.07492567598819733,
-0.7653155326843262,
0.11513400822877884,
-0.631388783454895,
0.6423957347869873,
-0.5982325673103333,
0.05297526717185974,
0.49894386529922485,
0.3975490927696228,
0.33523479104042053,
-0.9417260885238647,
0.08236335217952728,
-0.5094829797744751,
-0.7075272798538208,
-0.7544045448303223,
0.2986816167831421,
0.37599697709083557,
0.01901392638683319,
-0.1992761790752411,
-0.5463417768478394,
-0.05159105360507965,
0.9741676449775696,
0.05001063644886017,
-0.23884521424770355,
0.35540494322776794,
0.2511642575263977,
0.09517079591751099,
0.5791663527488708,
0.27627962827682495,
-0.5395836234092712,
-0.0014378130435943604,
-0.38564908504486084,
-0.3951009213924408,
-0.6089507937431335,
0.5350490808486938,
-0.22927093505859375,
-0.5544469952583313,
0.08658530563116074,
-0.048519570380449295,
0.26523756980895996,
-0.8316487073898315,
1.200486421585083,
-0.7388979196548462,
-0.4274633526802063,
-0.8398834466934204,
0.030577905476093292,
0.8395429849624634,
0.5867698788642883,
-0.5490723848342896,
-0.2830631136894226,
0.21831685304641724,
0.5049880146980286,
0.010348103940486908,
0.1703537553548813,
1.0719404220581055,
-0.06911477446556091,
-0.21929851174354553,
-0.15852543711662292,
0.08255471289157867,
0.3387300968170166,
0.8079185485839844,
-0.48062095046043396,
0.3676976263523102,
-0.16985465586185455,
0.8626255989074707,
0.34438034892082214,
0.8449466824531555,
0.3090049624443054,
1.2019217014312744,
-0.17915920913219452,
-0.48165374994277954,
-0.582219660282135,
0.14748767018318176,
-1.1156072616577148,
-0.07670480012893677,
0.993937075138092,
0.6377356648445129,
0.5499821305274963,
0.3660989999771118,
0.09581819176673889,
0.43134576082229614,
-0.6362206339836121,
-0.3868420124053955,
-0.3708850145339966,
-0.32783985137939453,
-0.048986539244651794,
0.547681987285614,
-0.324887216091156,
0.15140116214752197,
-1.2789626121520996,
-0.16139188408851624,
0.9420217275619507,
-0.9060533046722412,
0.38201749324798584,
0.12283967435359955,
0.26804661750793457,
1.6271641254425049,
-0.9693503975868225,
0.6493818163871765,
-0.3014482259750366,
0.6419815421104431,
-0.9292899370193481,
0.8062130212783813,
0.3424174189567566,
0.11523792147636414,
0.306019127368927,
-0.7626879215240479,
0.6329560875892639,
-0.1384085714817047,
0.341477632522583,
-0.04218967258930206,
-1.5775597095489502,
0.05020899325609207,
-0.267129123210907,
0.11275802552700043,
0.17450502514839172,
-0.31172454357147217
] |
|
historically speaking, is this winter record or near record breaking? | specifically referring to temperature and snowfall in northeastern us. i personally can't remember a warmer winter, and i've been living here for a little over 20 years. what effects are likely to be a result of this? will certain crops or wildlife likely be affected? | given the fact that recorded figures are miniscule in comparison to the age of the earth itself, it's unlikely that it would have any large scale impact. in terms of short term impact on our particular species, there are undoubtedly year-long effects of such a mild winter. also, the sjiing/snowboarding businesses will suffer. i live in buffalo and i'm loving this not-winter. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.007285326719284058,
0.35851043462753296,
0.6695911884307861,
0.8128215074539185,
0.7699100971221924,
-0.6368963718414307,
-1.158574104309082,
-0.21902072429656982,
0.35685867071151733,
-0.20061911642551422,
0.42898091673851013,
0.2831419110298157,
0.12554562091827393,
-0.003640301525592804,
-0.10800033062696457,
0.13871222734451294,
-0.36262157559394836,
-0.32556504011154175,
-0.16877481341362,
0.12501946091651917,
0.16046354174613953,
0.09144222736358643,
-0.17336025834083557,
-0.4338516891002655,
-0.3171454668045044,
-0.4052300751209259,
-1.1999375820159912,
0.07111536711454391,
0.2732888162136078,
0.09516878426074982,
-0.02939090132713318,
0.30537623167037964,
0.6385605335235596,
-0.027556374669075012,
-0.0947762206196785,
0.6905060410499573,
0.2718536853790283,
-0.5872664451599121,
-0.28558337688446045,
-0.01075873151421547,
0.022245973348617554,
-0.4377371370792389,
-0.25355765223503113,
-0.015656057745218277,
-0.6375929713249207,
1.115144968032837,
0.28854241967201233,
-0.43217647075653076,
-0.9400375485420227,
-0.04924194514751434,
-0.30044829845428467,
-0.6926608085632324,
0.12417564541101456,
0.09156989306211472,
0.107414111495018,
-0.30729466676712036,
-0.4496993124485016,
-0.7955976724624634,
1.0766816139221191,
-0.3628763258457184,
0.11270198225975037,
0.0389249324798584,
-0.8199971914291382,
0.43292054533958435,
1.8401049375534058,
0.0843585655093193,
-0.29787832498550415,
-0.08604393154382706,
-0.41967537999153137,
0.6051867604255676,
0.3867526054382324,
0.02549482136964798,
-0.891838550567627,
-0.10569748282432556,
0.013355273753404617,
-0.3582350015640259,
0.2128937840461731,
0.46611902117729187,
0.22240343689918518,
-0.784062385559082,
0.2547150254249573,
-0.8767282366752625,
-0.16260598599910736,
0.0073118507862091064,
-0.21175678074359894,
-0.9281677603721619,
0.4956122934818268,
-0.3656606674194336,
-0.054442472755908966,
-0.011048451066017151,
0.06626114994287491,
-0.45322728157043457,
0.9845561981201172,
-0.026668459177017212,
-1.1749131679534912,
1.2163887023925781,
0.1734277606010437,
-0.1507168412208557,
0.46396782994270325,
-0.31718865036964417,
-0.4444919526576996,
0.33701395988464355,
-0.2657161355018616,
0.49262458086013794,
-0.2007182538509369,
-0.23192691802978516,
-0.2945866584777832,
0.18964038789272308,
0.3601803481578827,
1.2498753070831299,
-0.08420053124427795,
0.33399754762649536,
-0.3752502202987671,
-0.18833284080028534,
-0.44726765155792236,
-0.7091123461723328,
-0.026611194014549255,
0.06680729985237122,
-1.3186554908752441,
-0.8952817320823669,
-0.201139897108078,
0.1616254597902298,
0.027032405138015747,
0.16217041015625,
0.2547231912612915,
1.0905983448028564,
-0.579159140586853,
1.0397400856018066,
0.1761344075202942,
-0.47815966606140137,
0.03902542591094971,
-0.7959582805633545,
0.6332643032073975,
-0.283138632774353,
-0.4864274263381958,
0.22889846563339233,
0.14604133367538452,
0.23225276172161102,
0.056163489818573,
0.9448843002319336,
0.4285687506198883,
-0.406497597694397,
1.008489727973938,
0.4928404688835144,
0.9444486498832703,
0.4991872310638428,
0.8387203216552734,
0.4243229329586029,
-0.04722670093178749,
-1.4929531812667847,
-0.18358926475048065,
-0.03728601336479187,
0.034606464207172394,
-0.45971280336380005,
0.16011802852153778,
-0.901939868927002,
-0.42472612857818604,
-0.19787606596946716,
0.15197430551052094,
0.7755192518234253,
-0.33204442262649536,
0.08034144341945648,
0.2783704996109009,
-0.4609640836715698,
0.7254493236541748,
0.38100069761276245,
0.04354830086231232,
-0.3020284175872803,
0.40119823813438416,
0.08484968543052673,
-0.3762289583683014,
-0.2450612634420395,
0.5667663812637329,
-0.012233436107635498,
1.5774303674697876,
-0.21503037214279175,
-1.0866398811340332,
0.6811417937278748,
-0.3778485655784607,
0.8773699998855591,
-0.3287542760372162,
-0.019913196563720703,
0.38984692096710205,
0.5563441514968872,
0.7694405317306519,
-1.32096266746521,
0.11077040433883667,
0.19898518919944763,
-0.6547617316246033,
-0.16269879043102264,
-0.03273675590753555,
-0.30755484104156494,
0.9092004299163818,
0.419046014547348,
0.1205974668264389,
0.36126142740249634,
-0.9807162880897522,
0.05861258506774902,
0.5509567260742188,
-0.36844873428344727,
-0.4711590111255646,
-0.46047013998031616,
-0.31379368901252747,
-0.46661844849586487,
0.47989872097969055,
-0.17705610394477844,
0.300809770822525,
0.2782089412212372,
-0.33821916580200195,
0.033342380076646805,
0.03404161334037781,
-0.2166515290737152,
0.10475156456232071,
-0.30755817890167236,
0.3993309736251831,
0.35716763138771057,
0.012001976370811462,
-0.23695147037506104,
-0.27043306827545166,
0.6547452211380005,
-0.21770650148391724,
-0.6149782538414001,
0.6745275259017944,
-0.8926096558570862,
0.2425081431865692,
-0.37298816442489624,
-0.35254067182540894,
0.6303142309188843,
-0.009546458721160889,
0.44879910349845886,
-0.24445489048957825,
0.7434056401252747,
-0.2623169422149658,
-0.2488703727722168,
-0.6533328294754028,
-0.7359374761581421,
-0.10088899731636047,
-0.06773000955581665,
-0.26686710119247437,
0.11896628141403198,
0.20547395944595337,
0.5271670818328857,
-0.5255168676376343,
-0.24950724840164185,
-0.15148642659187317,
0.8222988843917847,
0.07670772075653076,
0.6178010702133179,
0.05884765833616257,
0.3826110363006592,
-0.3027687966823578,
0.3929872512817383,
-0.8168479800224304,
0.0978085845708847,
-0.44359949231147766,
0.5556679964065552,
0.10203850269317627,
-0.4466996192932129,
-0.36617061495780945,
0.5735733509063721,
0.26373279094696045,
-0.11420907080173492,
-1.1404296159744263,
-0.35805603861808777,
0.9140896797180176,
0.3443106412887573,
0.4169922471046448,
0.4909687638282776,
0.4550384283065796,
-0.6046463847160339,
-0.21082693338394165,
0.3014777600765228,
0.917960524559021,
-0.09126395732164383,
0.5575985908508301,
0.35203611850738525,
-0.3099386394023895,
-0.19465342164039612,
-0.11330445110797882,
-0.5287618637084961,
0.045683056116104126,
-0.6259182691574097,
-0.8485586643218994,
-0.1886214315891266,
-0.10586707293987274,
0.05244745314121246,
-0.13498945534229279,
-0.32510289549827576,
0.2903784513473511,
-0.45029228925704956,
0.49399062991142273,
0.37852948904037476,
0.4895181655883789,
-0.1575198471546173,
0.6808669567108154,
-0.5621508955955505,
-0.7680853605270386,
-0.0018000155687332153,
-0.33425194025039673,
-0.43368229269981384,
0.5883671641349792,
0.09601020812988281,
0.23744255304336548,
0.05096358060836792,
-0.8068551421165466,
1.0189378261566162,
0.7343484163284302,
0.39310282468795776,
0.18854857981204987,
-0.2649359107017517,
-1.1737980842590332,
-1.1915758848190308,
0.2388644814491272,
-0.050383880734443665,
-0.4420715570449829,
0.6672251224517822,
-0.5526753664016724,
-0.24201402068138123,
-0.11359897255897522,
0.15413761138916016,
0.06481410562992096,
0.7420874238014221,
0.3546646237373352,
0.802233874797821,
0.1584167182445526,
-0.04206758737564087,
0.8222871422767639,
0.38843002915382385,
-0.125716894865036,
0.48460397124290466,
-0.4395850896835327,
0.30704861879348755,
0.3378193974494934,
0.8722578883171082,
-0.04820343106985092,
0.25411301851272583,
0.9085657596588135,
-0.34838584065437317,
-0.8946096897125244,
0.49048370122909546,
-1.1039540767669678,
0.6198828220367432,
0.44333645701408386,
0.7389047145843506,
-0.3349321484565735,
-0.7403648495674133,
0.1608048379421234,
-0.07926703989505768,
-0.36039113998413086,
-0.25848478078842163,
-0.46933063864707947,
0.342525452375412,
-0.1614018678665161,
0.4338933527469635,
0.6801803708076477,
-1.570927381515503,
-0.697958767414093,
0.5131286978721619,
-0.36501413583755493,
-0.1313404142856598,
-0.13181838393211365,
0.8000791072845459,
0.3665153682231903,
1.3927030563354492,
-0.2702459692955017,
0.5475056171417236,
-0.3809124231338501,
-0.23229563236236572,
0.6428307294845581,
-0.17570361495018005,
0.5947681069374084,
-0.08289867639541626,
0.01601705327630043,
-0.3280550241470337,
-0.3337477147579193,
0.019491050392389297,
0.1579229235649109,
-0.1343940794467926,
0.005094707012176514,
-0.008187651634216309,
-0.034221529960632324,
-1.5953364372253418,
-0.5382338762283325,
0.19267624616622925
] |
if i took a deep-see creature, whose body is designed to withstand tons of pressure, and brought it to a spot with less pressure pushing down on it (such as the surface) and stood on it, would it support me, or would i squish it? | i know that most of the time bringing any deep-sea creature up from the depths will kill it almost immediately, but i'm asking theoretically about the creature's body's ability to withstand pressure. it's a stupid question, i know, but i'm curious! | i think the impression you have is that deep sea creatures are somehow super tough because the pressure in the deep sea is so high. (?) that's not really the case since there are no particularly special body plans for pressure. here is why. as was mentioned before, water is incompressible. doesn't matter how much pressure is applied to it, it stays the same (be reasonable physicists and chemists,me are talking physiological conditions here). to survive, you just need to be made up of mostly water. many of those creature look like goo when brought to the surface because their bodies are not well supported outside of the water. if anything, a deep sea creature is probably squishier when stepped on. at depth, some creatures generate a bit of gas in body compartments or bladders to keep neutral buoyancy or whatever. gasses, unlike the water in the body, is compressible, which means it will expand dramatically as the pressure around it is reduced (ascent from the depth). this is true of gases dissolved in body fluids too. squishy creatures with internal gasses (both dissolved or otherwise) pretty much fizz and pop on their way up if their bodies are not allowed enough time to off-gas (gills, farting, or equivalent structures and processes). quick ascents can therefore contribute to the squishiness factor. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=685"
] | [
-3.0446345806121826,
-2.1550893783569336,
1.7442306280136108,
2.4376473426818848,
-0.37478700280189514,
-3.984218120574951,
1.6925532817840576,
1.9166805744171143,
0.8172330856323242,
-0.8831043839454651,
-0.6045845746994019,
-0.28951001167297363,
-0.022384360432624817,
1.760636806488037,
-0.4434880018234253,
-0.44119712710380554,
-1.2056397199630737,
-2.492370843887329,
-3.3840062618255615,
1.7841402292251587,
1.8752185106277466,
2.6583683490753174,
-1.4754809141159058,
0.17763283848762512,
-2.1473488807678223,
-0.15355810523033142,
-1.6949858665466309,
1.1831632852554321,
0.2710307538509369,
-1.3287642002105713,
-1.2684725522994995,
0.8018501996994019,
-2.4032487869262695,
-2.478712558746338,
1.7322179079055786,
0.3487473130226135,
0.3601575493812561,
-1.3182687759399414,
-0.9812291264533997,
0.2630288600921631,
-0.6603928804397583,
-1.1452791690826416,
0.5759056806564331,
2.031019449234009,
0.7023895382881165,
2.83662748336792,
1.4190832376480103,
-0.49995094537734985,
-0.3223584294319153,
-0.5361534953117371,
-1.335523009300232,
-0.850771427154541,
0.13582120835781097,
1.0496752262115479,
-1.085835337638855,
-1.7484675645828247,
-0.11422151327133179,
-3.0821585655212402,
-1.2327113151550293,
-3.631244659423828,
1.5305858850479126,
0.9234575033187866,
0.3998059630393982,
1.7720072269439697,
5.023065090179443,
-0.232326477766037,
0.12175141274929047,
0.3651839792728424,
0.3076111972332001,
2.294004201889038,
-0.02675953507423401,
0.7591845989227295,
-1.025038480758667,
-0.10048487782478333,
0.5437123775482178,
-1.3912973403930664,
0.9459842443466187,
-0.6974653005599976,
0.7784245610237122,
2.488339424133301,
-1.841439962387085,
-1.8628199100494385,
-1.42453134059906,
-0.6718091368675232,
-2.970933437347412,
2.853179454803467,
2.111359119415283,
0.7514585852622986,
-1.2199597358703613,
1.2875983715057373,
-1.6022950410842896,
0.4506409764289856,
0.8892967700958252,
0.6213082671165466,
0.610077977180481,
2.2234432697296143,
-1.769949197769165,
-3.150846242904663,
-0.6703281402587891,
-1.2293812036514282,
-0.98342365026474,
1.6664189100265503,
-2.435638427734375,
0.3264150619506836,
0.1957564651966095,
0.018385902047157288,
0.7995292544364929,
3.3033523559570312,
3.17488169670105,
1.152499794960022,
-1.3198667764663696,
1.272033452987671,
2.69732666015625,
-0.2274949848651886,
-2.211291790008545,
-1.4668567180633545,
-2.304051399230957,
-0.992108941078186,
-6.257875919342041,
-1.5023746490478516,
-2.7785756587982178,
-1.5907846689224243,
-1.1988595724105835,
0.23811787366867065,
4.272821426391602,
-1.126145839691162,
-1.6780509948730469,
1.0067143440246582,
1.083740472793579,
-1.2596983909606934,
3.6734189987182617,
-0.2557503879070282,
-1.7236214876174927,
-1.5472372770309448,
-2.1635987758636475,
-0.5217076539993286,
1.6684952974319458,
2.2893588542938232,
-2.77677845954895,
1.9612340927124023,
-1.0217843055725098,
0.005088746547698975,
-0.9304307699203491,
-2.642976999282837,
0.5160069465637207,
0.8439764976501465,
-1.1877700090408325,
-2.943089485168457,
-1.214217185974121,
0.04301665350794792,
-3.189920663833618,
-2.1234474182128906,
1.3062191009521484,
0.10318191349506378,
-2.40777587890625,
0.16358217597007751,
-0.675132155418396,
0.933489978313446,
1.5739655494689941,
1.101405382156372,
-2.1367361545562744,
2.176480293273926,
-0.893499493598938,
-0.3212991952896118,
0.33211973309516907,
0.11380292475223541,
-1.4644502401351929,
-1.5318171977996826,
2.8406026363372803,
0.7359572052955627,
0.12920933961868286,
1.6561166048049927,
1.73483145236969,
-2.112492799758911,
-1.0877294540405273,
1.6923730373382568,
-4.554336071014404,
-1.2832239866256714,
1.6292890310287476,
2.5458760261535645,
2.328962802886963,
2.435086250305176,
2.5806565284729004,
2.1833930015563965,
-0.211050882935524,
-2.9627630710601807,
-1.7383358478546143,
-0.056177057325839996,
-2.85176420211792,
-0.2339080274105072,
0.17477436363697052,
-0.6358096599578857,
3.1131248474121094,
2.5551445484161377,
-1.4742707014083862,
2.9830172061920166,
-1.0675184726715088,
-0.28979307413101196,
-2.4202215671539307,
0.011269569396972656,
-0.9671361446380615,
-1.1731140613555908,
-1.475234031677246,
-3.160567283630371,
2.104732036590576,
-2.2521424293518066,
2.7554826736450195,
-0.006575495004653931,
-0.546231210231781,
-0.7380566596984863,
-0.4443777799606323,
-3.1511809825897217,
-2.6651082038879395,
-0.8715581893920898,
0.5509617328643799,
-0.6260184049606323,
1.8973143100738525,
-0.7488951683044434,
-0.28103455901145935,
-0.7377411127090454,
1.6690491437911987,
-1.8676726818084717,
0.3144519329071045,
-3.037994861602783,
-0.6418019533157349,
-2.924129009246826,
-1.7287821769714355,
3.1793861389160156,
0.5821512937545776,
1.5678174495697021,
0.4291825294494629,
0.7296710014343262,
0.034405410289764404,
1.5496774911880493,
-1.3819524049758911,
0.5738163590431213,
-0.3032975196838379,
0.10790742933750153,
1.3322107791900635,
0.1586015522480011,
-0.7455747127532959,
-0.5138876438140869,
0.05641481280326843,
1.155029058456421,
0.27676916122436523,
0.4682902991771698,
0.34701240062713623,
0.39161327481269836,
-1.7463290691375732,
1.9521417617797852,
-3.3262126445770264,
-0.7163629531860352,
-0.8846935033798218,
2.337003231048584,
-0.04561150074005127,
2.3144218921661377,
-2.454336166381836,
-2.092954158782959,
-2.8895223140716553,
0.5257838368415833,
-0.056748926639556885,
2.9218766689300537,
-1.9516024589538574,
-4.002297878265381,
0.027563095092773438,
-2.0765838623046875,
0.40210196375846863,
0.9010939598083496,
-0.9787449240684509,
0.6231880784034729,
2.792631149291992,
-3.9816014766693115,
0.24022188782691956,
0.5911145806312561,
2.2080888748168945,
-1.9059455394744873,
-0.03264850378036499,
2.7142386436462402,
1.1696332693099976,
0.3663577735424042,
-0.03948095440864563,
-3.0330708026885986,
-1.0325967073440552,
1.5946804285049438,
2.881882429122925,
0.20508384704589844,
-0.000044018030166625977,
-1.8865199089050293,
0.8846713304519653,
-0.5192702412605286,
0.3277094066143036,
5.3578901290893555,
2.1688334941864014,
-1.5601285696029663,
3.261079788208008,
-0.1717604100704193,
2.4092564582824707,
2.8495192527770996,
1.0689562559127808,
0.5507583618164062,
-1.1968570947647095,
-2.2657859325408936,
-1.8256632089614868,
1.1060092449188232,
-1.0702062845230103,
2.8466780185699463,
0.36639827489852905,
2.0008580684661865,
1.2053232192993164,
-2.688201904296875,
-1.0827507972717285,
-1.2180938720703125,
0.9123309850692749,
-0.05306588113307953,
0.10417591035366058,
-0.19042782485485077,
0.2698117196559906,
1.8241568803787231,
-0.877824604511261,
1.7391763925552368,
1.7520272731781006,
0.8262660503387451,
1.4728312492370605,
1.5313279628753662,
-1.5690126419067383,
0.8887313604354858,
0.9786618947982788,
1.0215704441070557,
-0.7379939556121826,
-1.4091532230377197,
0.18899495899677277,
1.4073891639709473,
2.988086462020874,
0.3311495780944824,
2.81872296333313,
1.4645824432373047,
-1.3934118747711182,
-1.0991427898406982,
-2.844974994659424,
-1.641066551208496,
-1.6198198795318604,
-0.1088002398610115,
2.041254758834839,
2.1287546157836914,
1.2861064672470093,
-0.31497880816459656,
1.1712747812271118,
-0.5226277709007263,
-2.0397586822509766,
2.5154032707214355,
-0.11717639118432999,
2.647280216217041,
-0.6377310156822205,
0.15302777290344238,
2.337460994720459,
1.0077648162841797,
-1.8418763875961304,
1.3953278064727783,
-0.4531863331794739,
-0.5941236615180969,
-0.664368748664856,
1.0611603260040283,
0.46370911598205566,
3.2574384212493896,
-0.765694260597229,
2.8173341751098633,
-1.439398169517517,
1.944674015045166,
0.3139835000038147,
1.4306443929672241,
3.875734329223633,
2.1004981994628906,
1.0161375999450684,
0.340121865272522,
0.15124119818210602,
1.1156947612762451,
-2.3294677734375,
1.8733458518981934,
-2.094858407974243,
0.6465869545936584,
-2.3614907264709473,
0.5333917140960693,
4.185479640960693,
0.04639042913913727
] |
how can someone get a new theory evaluated? | [removed] | this might be more suited for /r/academia, but anyway: the main thing to do to get a theory out there is to publish a paper in a scientific journal. there's a wide spectrum of journals and especially in broad fields. journals range from very broad (science, nature) to extremely specific to a certain sub-field. some journals are naturally more influential than others (this is measured with something called the 'impact factor'). journals with a high impact factor are the best to publish in, but they are more restrictive due to the high number of submissions they receive and the quality requirements they have. after selecting a suitable journal and submitting the paper, the journals editor will briefly evaluate the paper to judge its relevance to the subject of the journal and the basic quality of the paper. the paper is then sent to a small number of reviewers (typically 2-3), who are scientists working in the field covered by the journal. the reviewers read the paper thoroughly and provide feedback. they can recommend the paper be rejected, accepted or anything in between (major revision followed by rereview needed or acceptance after minor revisions with no further review). the editor will decide based on the recommendations of the reviewers and pass the feedback on to the author(s). if the paper has been successfully published the chances of it being read go up considerably. especially if the paper references related work in the field, the authors of the referred papers will typically take a peek. the peer review process and the screening by the editor are both not perfect, but they do manage to filter out almost all papers that are flat out wrong or offer no value. which is why most scientists will only read papers in established journals (and drafts only from colleagues that they know). while i can't judge the theory of the electrical engineer you mention, be warned that there are many, many instances of someone claiming to have the solution to a major problem in a field that they're not an expert in. the quantum physics of elementary particles and their interactions is vastly different from the physics you work with as an electrical engineer. the math may have internal consistence, but if some important aspect was overlooked, it may ultimately simply be wrong. finally, there are people that will claim to have a revolutionary new idea but say they are unable to get the word out because they're being blocked by elitist scientists that don't want their views challenged. and while there certainly is some level of elitism in some fields, most scientists, especially younger ones, love nothing more than to be able to break the existing consensus in their field and work with revolutionary ideas. it's just that true revolutionary ideas come around far less often than some people would like. | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
-3.594913959503174,
0.36525464057922363,
-2.831112861633301,
1.033238172531128,
4.527017593383789,
-0.6921588778495789,
-6.779492378234863,
-1.2851264476776123,
3.4505834579467773,
1.8337774276733398,
-0.7393578886985779,
2.2324392795562744,
-2.0142922401428223,
-1.3376458883285522,
1.3209701776504517,
-2.0822503566741943,
0.44441691040992737,
-3.3268074989318848,
-4.418467998504639,
4.007297039031982,
-1.234910488128662,
1.8951611518859863,
1.8149703741073608,
0.434960275888443,
0.0772448182106018,
-2.1587085723876953,
-4.104489326477051,
-3.558173656463623,
-2.3825855255126953,
-2.844119071960449,
-0.5774120092391968,
6.763113021850586,
-1.5937831401824951,
-2.57491135597229,
-0.36186695098876953,
1.0414564609527588,
2.4573819637298584,
0.8104492425918579,
4.291058540344238,
0.7070083618164062,
-2.398967742919922,
0.4500899612903595,
-1.4281301498413086,
4.09757137298584,
-2.748209238052368,
-2.268817901611328,
0.16587133705615997,
-1.819151759147644,
-5.485615253448486,
1.121588945388794,
-4.413570880889893,
-2.808938980102539,
-2.2909226417541504,
0.3250308632850647,
-3.457451581954956,
-3.0479063987731934,
2.5013723373413086,
-1.7350066900253296,
-0.6487718224525452,
-1.2099597454071045,
-1.1643015146255493,
-0.8702511191368103,
-6.8965864181518555,
2.009652853012085,
7.260386943817139,
0.8432918787002563,
0.830272376537323,
0.9800801277160645,
-1.8127719163894653,
1.0851975679397583,
1.7156378030776978,
-2.195064067840576,
-0.3405717611312866,
3.7390427589416504,
4.650609016418457,
-1.2536859512329102,
-3.4432358741760254,
2.7557313442230225,
2.852997303009033,
-2.4132843017578125,
2.7660231590270996,
-3.888768196105957,
-2.4326584339141846,
0.16258683800697327,
-2.258755922317505,
1.9495165348052979,
4.507112979888916,
0.8396140933036804,
3.4820644855499268,
-0.3024895489215851,
0.38509243726730347,
-4.086839199066162,
5.185657501220703,
2.5357398986816406,
-1.511899709701538,
4.003066062927246,
-0.7759838104248047,
-2.7311861515045166,
4.631065368652344,
2.924811840057373,
-4.668588638305664,
3.6587071418762207,
-2.1482954025268555,
-4.659626007080078,
-2.439950466156006,
-7.575201511383057,
1.7950278520584106,
-2.4977970123291016,
1.7360002994537354,
-2.392972230911255,
-1.8569579124450684,
-1.2041544914245605,
0.0756939947605133,
-5.669205665588379,
3.238830089569092,
-3.144094705581665,
3.508002996444702,
-0.4573132395744324,
1.3995630741119385,
-5.6158552169799805,
-1.0542494058609009,
2.920517683029175,
1.971895694732666,
-0.20720317959785461,
1.390925407409668,
4.425558567047119,
-5.972148418426514,
4.349943161010742,
1.4510729312896729,
3.589606285095215,
2.4841737747192383,
-1.5215322971343994,
1.607116460800171,
0.07564058899879456,
0.9015223979949951,
-3.0569331645965576,
3.8333120346069336,
-6.1553635597229,
-1.4797545671463013,
5.536369800567627,
4.390891075134277,
5.214234828948975,
0.32786494493484497,
6.004175186157227,
-1.9609038829803467,
7.908218860626221,
-0.05321758985519409,
2.5259156227111816,
1.8606107234954834,
-1.8521578311920166,
1.0540368556976318,
0.4747680425643921,
1.0790849924087524,
-1.4353142976760864,
-0.40678083896636963,
0.5091717839241028,
-0.4603942632675171,
0.7687363624572754,
-1.328499674797058,
0.9927000999450684,
-3.7801411151885986,
1.9417881965637207,
1.0640867948532104,
3.5914957523345947,
2.861531972885132,
-0.4637036919593811,
3.1909358501434326,
-3.136958599090576,
0.4886493980884552,
4.226834297180176,
1.4668508768081665,
-0.9318045377731323,
2.9660696983337402,
2.4455037117004395,
-0.571855902671814,
-2.9832921028137207,
-1.8792023658752441,
-1.9476640224456787,
-0.15529151260852814,
3.915879011154175,
1.59261953830719,
0.3344551920890808,
8.122713088989258,
2.4409379959106445,
-1.9628963470458984,
2.4011497497558594,
2.7432003021240234,
-2.099445343017578,
1.0718249082565308,
8.164542198181152,
-6.081791877746582,
3.670738458633423,
3.161640167236328,
5.995879173278809,
-2.9515221118927,
-1.0984086990356445,
3.4847280979156494,
-3.3141913414001465,
-5.141793251037598,
-1.2090237140655518,
-5.525615215301514,
1.2587406635284424,
-0.7714372873306274,
-2.7375407218933105,
-2.078223943710327,
-1.8549127578735352,
6.561411380767822,
-1.994909405708313,
-0.7637889981269836,
-3.9002461433410645,
-2.8526508808135986,
-5.9153218269348145,
-6.716232776641846,
-2.8856382369995117,
-1.2844864130020142,
3.5784778594970703,
-1.2725586891174316,
-0.4291204512119293,
-1.585637092590332,
0.707283616065979,
-2.2007458209991455,
-2.5559604167938232,
4.2517218589782715,
-3.8978986740112305,
-7.050811290740967,
-5.081984996795654,
-3.9856653213500977,
6.9300642013549805,
-1.6390818357467651,
3.701652765274048,
-1.4475034475326538,
-3.6520400047302246,
9.518647193908691,
-0.15461355447769165,
-2.8992276191711426,
-6.597483158111572,
0.9862397909164429,
1.1808298826217651,
-2.3887972831726074,
-5.827770233154297,
-4.133260250091553,
-0.5979600548744202,
-3.1403117179870605,
3.7556867599487305,
-0.4832143783569336,
3.167386293411255,
-2.215122938156128,
1.8011143207550049,
2.801635980606079,
-0.6359166502952576,
-2.579210042953491,
-3.5909500122070312,
-1.552799940109253,
-2.9543673992156982,
-1.0955026149749756,
0.21476630866527557,
-5.6393842697143555,
-1.15566086769104,
-0.13885384798049927,
4.454805374145508,
6.723092079162598,
2.8558194637298584,
0.028260082006454468,
2.354248523712158,
5.491896629333496,
6.80095100402832,
0.5607874989509583,
-5.343895435333252,
-4.772943019866943,
-0.034755267202854156,
-6.03577995300293,
-0.7006841897964478,
2.673351764678955,
-0.3769856095314026,
3.121983051300049,
0.6691954135894775,
2.0005462169647217,
-7.3154120445251465,
-3.4567275047302246,
-2.7560133934020996,
2.2407355308532715,
-5.211958885192871,
-0.21878132224082947,
4.240455627441406,
-0.6755774021148682,
-0.9233550429344177,
0.42745164036750793,
-1.478222131729126,
-0.05932082235813141,
-3.957167387008667,
0.657550036907196,
5.902792453765869,
1.4465214014053345,
1.2825253009796143,
4.950318813323975,
-1.0790666341781616,
-1.0611971616744995,
-0.40870314836502075,
2.9161007404327393,
0.8928878307342529,
2.335986852645874,
-3.8616068363189697,
-2.1491260528564453,
0.763964831829071,
2.139819622039795,
1.931761384010315,
1.5992176532745361,
1.2545608282089233,
3.029109001159668,
1.1487318277359009,
-1.2484855651855469,
-6.598902702331543,
1.6818621158599854,
0.8879735469818115,
-1.354459524154663,
0.9132516980171204,
-1.7492966651916504,
-1.408052921295166,
-2.4769484996795654,
2.517099142074585,
5.828806400299072,
-0.013256588019430637,
3.0267271995544434,
3.9832746982574463,
-0.08984705805778503,
1.1269333362579346,
-5.80369234085083,
-0.7116247415542603,
-2.90541410446167,
2.3434484004974365,
-2.289583206176758,
0.6838254928588867,
-1.9470114707946777,
-0.5835974216461182,
4.677881240844727,
-0.9384372234344482,
-0.14350247383117676,
-0.45393991470336914,
-4.284125804901123,
2.6408252716064453,
2.4803218841552734,
3.793015241622925,
0.26236602663993835,
-0.7373066544532776,
2.8305091857910156,
1.4594430923461914,
1.2520942687988281,
0.5643498301506042,
-4.819356918334961,
5.3329339027404785,
-3.3708159923553467,
5.674842357635498,
-0.8137146830558777,
0.603964626789093,
7.603828430175781,
-4.113317012786865,
-0.7752722501754761,
2.116913080215454,
-1.6689268350601196,
1.5670623779296875,
-1.6754862070083618,
0.10810042172670364,
-0.8297925591468811,
7.675689697265625,
1.979627013206482,
0.18647976219654083,
-4.475922107696533,
-3.7746737003326416,
3.951691150665283,
-1.6307528018951416,
1.6078946590423584,
-1.0409218072891235,
3.3469557762145996,
-3.985809087753296,
-1.5257396697998047,
2.8885185718536377,
1.3337881565093994,
-0.9520589113235474,
-7.904193878173828,
-0.0317421555519104,
5.683532238006592,
-4.564165115356445,
9.249086380004883,
3.063171625137329
] |
reinterpreting the drake equation, i call it 'edens everywhere'. could it hold up? | every time i see someone go through the steps of the drake equation, they get to the part where they put in the number for how long a civilization exists they use ourselves as an example, and put in between 2000 and 40 years. the result is that there should be very very very few civs at our level. however, life has been on this planet for 500m years. if you use that number, there should be a crapload of planets with complex life (monkeys / dinosaurs... whatever). everywhere, there should be planets with 'jungles', 'oceans', and rich biomes. edens everywhere. is there any reason this cant be the case, and would it maybe explain why we have found no signals from et? | actually life is believed to have been on earth for up to about [3.8 billion years now](_url_0_). edit: apparently even longer, read the comment below | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_evolution"
] | [
-0.024769894778728485,
0.5371995568275452,
-0.05422414094209671,
-0.21007584035396576,
-0.38341060280799866,
-0.5158447623252869,
-0.5706477165222168,
-0.28194713592529297,
0.31894999742507935,
0.051477111876010895,
0.5036389827728271,
0.2672561705112457,
0.270525187253952,
0.2823117971420288,
0.22381536662578583,
-0.2571709454059601,
-0.13704022765159607,
-0.8775781989097595,
-1.1912198066711426,
0.2857862710952759,
0.3602633476257324,
-0.05900803953409195,
-0.3690637946128845,
0.19251900911331177,
-0.29839596152305603,
0.13996577262878418,
-1.033327341079712,
-0.20554953813552856,
-0.4489552080631256,
0.06502891331911087,
-0.08670228719711304,
0.5154749751091003,
-0.4964320957660675,
-0.37773317098617554,
0.14971251785755157,
0.5353405475616455,
0.08603200316429138,
0.11610879004001617,
-0.12348854541778564,
0.16592273116111755,
-0.11253144592046738,
-0.2836088538169861,
-0.40916118025779724,
0.3982242941856384,
-0.14643937349319458,
0.4850248694419861,
0.019028717651963234,
-0.4992297291755676,
-0.2719903290271759,
-0.2302980124950409,
-0.9411981105804443,
-0.021484021097421646,
0.09667341411113739,
-0.0767941027879715,
-0.13815368711948395,
-0.6705704927444458,
-0.20709316432476044,
0.02288050204515457,
-0.20628026127815247,
-0.27440345287323,
0.24298331141471863,
-0.3970540761947632,
-0.14588004350662231,
0.5639256238937378,
0.36134272813796997,
0.20845246315002441,
-0.02892160974442959,
-0.37922313809394836,
-0.532079815864563,
0.26401928067207336,
0.11487644910812378,
-0.004437275230884552,
-0.34927159547805786,
-0.40231257677078247,
-0.029871519654989243,
-0.1254640817642212,
0.15298712253570557,
0.10711066424846649,
-0.09677007794380188,
-0.7074037790298462,
0.5972266793251038,
-0.18412885069847107,
-0.3202468454837799,
0.41978323459625244,
-0.32219868898391724,
-0.46309828758239746,
-0.2456391155719757,
-0.003630381077528,
-0.22418266534805298,
-0.10413087159395218,
-0.383093923330307,
0.08971478044986725,
0.6487084031105042,
0.13047310709953308,
-0.365100234746933,
0.3931129574775696,
-0.17962515354156494,
-0.157365083694458,
-0.3862522542476654,
0.5567302107810974,
0.08406005799770355,
0.730190634727478,
-0.5495384931564331,
-1.034027338027954,
0.3459717631340027,
0.08985139429569244,
-0.14844191074371338,
0.6025828719139099,
0.182538241147995,
0.31802281737327576,
-0.37110307812690735,
-0.5435319542884827,
-0.08312845230102539,
-0.0716717392206192,
-0.36431223154067993,
-0.2982928454875946,
0.46998661756515503,
-0.15496832132339478,
-0.08927963674068451,
-0.012147011235356331,
0.03221068158745766,
0.05350466072559357,
0.33399197459220886,
0.1873238980770111,
0.5472464561462402,
0.013562023639678955,
0.22123979032039642,
0.4774458408355713,
0.04017481952905655,
-0.1670069545507431,
0.5167146325111389,
-0.21687929332256317,
-0.5194975733757019,
0.2837808132171631,
-0.3781434893608093,
-0.4155532717704773,
0.10290971398353577,
-0.5797286629676819,
0.2385522574186325,
-0.5131751298904419,
0.025025976821780205,
0.3203352689743042,
0.02850496955215931,
-0.09106574952602386,
-0.6782552599906921,
0.5254634022712708,
0.6992998123168945,
-0.00826447643339634,
0.3735552430152893,
-0.5246684551239014,
-0.037581223994493484,
-0.32095637917518616,
0.49842727184295654,
-0.045352715998888016,
-0.2405819296836853,
-0.28639790415763855,
-0.1935073584318161,
0.025608018040657043,
-0.09530685096979141,
0.35495853424072266,
-0.2676849961280823,
0.004479669034481049,
-0.13791590929031372,
-0.11564294993877411,
0.05825941264629364,
-0.20059795677661896,
-0.1814020723104477,
0.0022208094596862793,
0.39851391315460205,
0.11121853440999985,
0.5228539109230042,
0.2875032424926758,
-0.4211817979812622,
0.5975831747055054,
0.26816117763519287,
-0.08135339617729187,
-0.05845344066619873,
0.04811429977416992,
-0.02747214213013649,
0.6369518041610718,
-0.14078651368618011,
-0.4232279658317566,
0.15922090411186218,
0.6875737905502319,
-0.4977484941482544,
-0.11066427081823349,
-0.5492221117019653,
0.356329083442688,
0.29629719257354736,
-0.48162469267845154,
0.3996794819831848,
-0.3031761646270752,
0.051762886345386505,
0.10880399495363235,
-0.4769015312194824,
0.09902386367321014,
-0.2322080284357071,
-0.003847673535346985,
-0.3758639693260193,
-0.265439510345459,
-0.3422534465789795,
0.3163590431213379,
0.1415112018585205,
-0.3783688247203827,
-0.20855562388896942,
-0.3606984615325928,
0.7504117488861084,
0.3130215108394623,
0.4258590340614319,
0.12295296788215637,
-0.06630757451057434,
0.17109505832195282,
0.21705439686775208,
-0.017459720373153687,
0.4022141695022583,
-0.3403697907924652,
-0.14325110614299774,
0.006825685501098633,
-0.312102735042572,
0.4220418632030487,
0.16848421096801758,
-0.7450006604194641,
-0.724976122379303,
-0.48925089836120605,
-0.45112478733062744,
-0.18371829390525818,
-0.5507757663726807,
0.2680817246437073,
0.02260579913854599,
0.12332639843225479,
-0.21231770515441895,
0.5510843992233276,
0.39558687806129456,
0.37264737486839294,
0.26372140645980835,
-0.018250327557325363,
0.774467945098877,
-0.014920622110366821,
-0.14482377469539642,
-0.1217307522892952,
-0.05665621906518936,
-0.6003215312957764,
-0.18133381009101868,
-0.15952570736408234,
0.09084068983793259,
-0.021755695343017578,
-0.37814879417419434,
0.3142831325531006,
-0.24284185469150543,
0.3621757924556732,
0.5648235082626343,
0.08322420716285706,
-0.07853610068559647,
-0.3682324290275574,
0.23269808292388916,
0.31039154529571533,
-0.4789770543575287,
0.003744468092918396,
0.4000721275806427,
0.48906877636909485,
0.035442501306533813,
-0.3514069616794586,
0.21385878324508667,
-0.4826732873916626,
0.4918404221534729,
0.08300688117742538,
-0.27877873182296753,
0.027352094650268555,
-0.5907571315765381,
0.28113293647766113,
-0.48787349462509155,
0.2937345504760742,
0.23357005417346954,
0.4636605381965637,
-0.1963219791650772,
-0.19188493490219116,
0.26707643270492554,
-0.27621009945869446,
0.1818971335887909,
-0.6573920249938965,
-0.18520896136760712,
-0.6240819096565247,
0.366894006729126,
-0.2642465829849243,
-0.44585445523262024,
0.017197690904140472,
0.453519731760025,
0.055368077009916306,
-0.048835769295692444,
0.03420979157090187,
0.13434366881847382,
0.6921554803848267,
-0.37522879242897034,
-0.19308538734912872,
0.6447739005088806,
-1.1771984100341797,
-1.841940999031067,
-0.03094927780330181,
0.28586310148239136,
0.3687964081764221,
0.7106573581695557,
0.17830565571784973,
-0.0013936411123722792,
0.3395306169986725,
-0.5122359395027161,
0.4799869954586029,
0.30920830368995667,
0.17500890791416168,
0.6626251935958862,
-0.18934272229671478,
-0.8607734441757202,
-0.42623284459114075,
-0.11368893831968307,
0.18713881075382233,
-0.20520652830600739,
0.3937567174434662,
-0.8719854950904846,
0.2881172001361847,
0.011843286454677582,
0.22239750623703003,
0.4715476632118225,
0.411295086145401,
0.8734503984451294,
0.7497906684875488,
0.17647236585617065,
0.4015790522098541,
1.1834737062454224,
-0.01080787181854248,
-0.24060380458831787,
0.33154433965682983,
0.2513555884361267,
0.07556236535310745,
0.3032876253128052,
0.13491003215312958,
0.031100966036319733,
0.005036734044551849,
-0.3681465983390808,
-0.33350151777267456,
-0.5398309826850891,
0.1283080279827118,
0.04956655949354172,
0.34471726417541504,
0.1933010220527649,
-0.08855471014976501,
0.03249453008174896,
0.13964222371578217,
0.2529715299606323,
0.9845266938209534,
-0.583363950252533,
0.1417033076286316,
0.18162181973457336,
0.8155605792999268,
-0.4550510048866272,
0.2590382993221283,
0.037541650235652924,
-0.703130841255188,
0.3508897125720978,
0.4429844319820404,
0.2312658131122589,
0.5028489232063293,
0.3213692903518677,
0.12307998538017273,
0.05887146294116974,
1.3795675039291382,
0.2195395529270172,
0.01849740743637085,
-0.031247273087501526,
0.38834667205810547,
0.02608051523566246,
-0.16468513011932373,
-0.14677663147449493,
0.4038631319999695,
0.49701178073883057,
-0.24377600848674774,
0.17751891911029816,
-0.47372087836265564,
-0.4554526209831238,
0.1643931269645691,
-0.617457389831543,
0.3524923622608185,
0.24001598358154297,
-0.3650554418563843,
0.30433106422424316,
0.333376407623291
] |
non-combustive exothermic reactions? | i was wondering what kind of non-combustive exothermic reactions there were and which ones produced the most heat. i've already tried looking at many different reactions and the one that produces the most heat seems to be the crystallization of sodium acetate. any idea as to what other non-combustive exothermic reactions there are out there? (that produce more heat) | unless you mean exothermic without oxidizing (combustion is just a faster oxidizing reaction) i'd vote for: * potassium permanganate and glycerol or ethylene glycol * cyanoacrylate and cotton one problem is they both eventually burst into flame, but only because they're reaching the ignition temperature for either glyceral, ethylene glycol, or cotton. * magnesium + water works if you don't want a reaction that eventually bursts into flame. however, there is a little problem with hydrogen gas. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.0452529191970825,
0.40158119797706604,
-0.4808878004550934,
0.8658319115638733,
0.12714342772960663,
-0.12401626259088516,
0.599858820438385,
0.9147963523864746,
0.34280890226364136,
-0.2093973606824875,
0.02184954285621643,
0.20677411556243896,
-0.8246958255767822,
-0.362682044506073,
1.2425029277801514,
0.2825069725513458,
-0.936183750629425,
0.1589270979166031,
-1.2296948432922363,
0.3422388434410095,
0.18599443137645721,
0.09213006496429443,
0.4840248227119446,
0.11215567588806152,
-1.1162737607955933,
0.8541876673698425,
-0.005391336977481842,
1.3028719425201416,
-0.49374836683273315,
0.4580761790275574,
0.17508485913276672,
0.5617504119873047,
-1.152170181274414,
-0.7739696502685547,
1.0200004577636719,
-0.40778809785842896,
-0.7015740871429443,
-0.1035100445151329,
-0.6474841833114624,
-0.8353105783462524,
-0.3032575845718384,
-0.5607653856277466,
-0.32494714856147766,
1.0942394733428955,
-1.3352067470550537,
0.44095051288604736,
1.0926169157028198,
-1.156773567199707,
-0.6627700924873352,
-1.2563296556472778,
-0.025161683559417725,
-0.1704481840133667,
-0.5353883504867554,
-0.21659301221370697,
-0.15835273265838623,
-1.4443047046661377,
-0.3446791470050812,
-0.03935524821281433,
-0.6467599868774414,
-1.0892561674118042,
-0.5163341760635376,
0.13324281573295593,
-1.019515037536621,
-0.3991725444793701,
0.9335362911224365,
-0.36880433559417725,
0.5150044560432434,
-0.4265853762626648,
-0.5182396173477173,
0.9460314512252808,
0.2283780872821808,
-0.3906506299972534,
0.20774468779563904,
-1.506597638130188,
-0.6361395716667175,
0.6296876668930054,
0.2861347794532776,
0.9567521810531616,
-0.18805505335330963,
-0.2741500437259674,
0.5856891870498657,
-1.0477144718170166,
-0.4287532866001129,
-1.005645751953125,
-0.703010082244873,
0.7423328757286072,
1.2430450916290283,
0.29193177819252014,
0.4024478793144226,
0.44222432374954224,
-1.4851782321929932,
1.3166038990020752,
0.17642727494239807,
0.3743501305580139,
-0.46752533316612244,
1.0135916471481323,
1.081723928451538,
-1.8279492855072021,
-1.2351899147033691,
-0.5616300702095032,
-0.46324634552001953,
0.050035566091537476,
-1.7294553518295288,
-0.44096753001213074,
-0.06502339243888855,
0.11125090718269348,
-0.2849505543708801,
1.347557544708252,
0.01017153263092041,
-1.3763432502746582,
0.22819051146507263,
0.9801293015480042,
0.2821729779243469,
-0.6242952942848206,
0.26081225275993347,
0.43901509046554565,
0.6400411128997803,
0.579957127571106,
-0.17139649391174316,
-0.7612722516059875,
-0.30318382382392883,
-0.5844088792800903,
-0.5512638688087463,
0.15180696547031403,
0.5539894700050354,
-0.5680232048034668,
-0.40088027715682983,
0.49790599942207336,
0.2513558268547058,
0.47087937593460083,
1.0270386934280396,
-0.10559900104999542,
0.2604462504386902,
1.1507737636566162,
-0.4604489505290985,
0.6864293813705444,
0.910897970199585,
-0.22994443774223328,
-0.024928074330091476,
0.8818438053131104,
0.16913287341594696,
-0.1545107513666153,
-0.7134466767311096,
-0.6965388059616089,
-0.8586604595184326,
-0.5763055086135864,
-0.5779228806495667,
-0.3060864210128784,
0.01392379030585289,
0.6435573697090149,
-0.6376949548721313,
-0.08641234040260315,
0.5980373620986938,
-0.20046178996562958,
0.7376068234443665,
-0.7449986338615417,
-1.2600618600845337,
0.10841009765863419,
1.7400100231170654,
1.1562539339065552,
-1.4940451383590698,
0.29028671979904175,
0.027658360078930855,
-0.24218988418579102,
-1.6552677154541016,
0.5664159655570984,
0.32362693548202515,
-0.6489831805229187,
-0.9740989208221436,
0.1993439942598343,
0.09710553288459778,
0.10960829257965088,
0.1205490380525589,
-0.11981096863746643,
-0.9975019693374634,
0.4966738820075989,
-0.7437117099761963,
-0.6963094472885132,
0.4923955202102661,
1.5389593839645386,
1.4352494478225708,
2.3774566650390625,
1.102936029434204,
0.5241926908493042,
0.012743277475237846,
-0.26696839928627014,
0.42529362440109253,
-0.23277083039283752,
-0.3109123110771179,
0.5588992834091187,
-0.3149472177028656,
-0.9071339964866638,
-0.030094485729932785,
1.0369677543640137,
-0.4877445697784424,
0.5618343949317932,
-0.4708373546600342,
0.06074675917625427,
-0.1000153124332428,
-0.6501662135124207,
2.0837576389312744,
-0.506988525390625,
-0.9673856496810913,
-1.2215728759765625,
0.6579083204269409,
-0.8291269540786743,
0.6408807039260864,
-0.01121528446674347,
-0.5042235255241394,
-0.8619793653488159,
0.28430700302124023,
-1.3457939624786377,
-0.7635976076126099,
-0.17146342992782593,
-0.6951638460159302,
0.5613158345222473,
0.16484710574150085,
-0.1627851128578186,
0.36302679777145386,
-0.10931819677352905,
1.7710864543914795,
-0.39232414960861206,
0.3676491379737854,
-0.5861658453941345,
1.3056812286376953,
-0.9120368957519531,
-0.8083999156951904,
0.6582595109939575,
0.654516339302063,
0.36293354630470276,
-0.8794263601303101,
-0.974079430103302,
-0.15821978449821472,
1.0277239084243774,
0.6049047112464905,
0.5944387316703796,
-0.24290983378887177,
-0.05739941447973251,
0.14869436621665955,
-0.8940297365188599,
-0.00009864568710327148,
0.5820097923278809,
1.3405108451843262,
0.9477036595344543,
-1.6205315589904785,
0.8026595711708069,
-0.700306236743927,
0.06973236799240112,
0.3273099958896637,
-0.17208552360534668,
-0.30167877674102783,
0.4497002959251404,
-1.085607886314392,
0.8315842151641846,
0.2841002345085144,
0.7156659364700317,
-1.0593082904815674,
-0.7827397584915161,
0.1106465756893158,
-0.9231579303741455,
0.21318170428276062,
-0.15282723307609558,
-0.37326866388320923,
-0.8230452537536621,
0.7079441547393799,
0.008880645036697388,
0.9485334157943726,
1.418681263923645,
-1.262487530708313,
1.1437898874282837,
0.14036574959754944,
-1.2386224269866943,
0.4615813195705414,
0.5212955474853516,
1.624284029006958,
-0.825214684009552,
-1.638964295387268,
-0.00465557724237442,
-0.19823160767555237,
-0.30608052015304565,
1.0446786880493164,
-0.6051516532897949,
-0.6161291599273682,
1.6912434101104736,
1.5123176574707031,
-0.36099186539649963,
0.47739318013191223,
-0.6844785213470459,
0.009768009185791016,
-0.3355195224285126,
-0.6780263185501099,
1.2172191143035889,
2.471435785293579,
-0.5007938146591187,
1.1406294107437134,
0.5904144048690796,
0.5666700601577759,
1.4078059196472168,
0.0436495840549469,
0.08754652738571167,
-0.17479155957698822,
-1.6466389894485474,
-1.2741016149520874,
-0.835133969783783,
-0.06905911862850189,
0.2541351914405823,
-0.36549896001815796,
-0.12281860411167145,
-0.3800305128097534,
-0.6599349975585938,
-0.04117885231971741,
-0.4042094945907593,
-0.11517120897769928,
-0.376107782125473,
-0.4930371344089508,
0.5041864514350891,
1.181217074394226,
0.6818375587463379,
0.28296786546707153,
0.6358445286750793,
0.2249322533607483,
0.4442025423049927,
1.3826801776885986,
0.08392326533794403,
-0.3200714886188507,
0.6210166215896606,
0.3753555119037628,
-0.4622834324836731,
0.022551998496055603,
-1.158839225769043,
1.1924591064453125,
0.4405638575553894,
2.20381236076355,
-0.2648477554321289,
-0.008653916418552399,
0.5699782967567444,
0.5964822173118591,
-0.5121170282363892,
-0.40801167488098145,
-0.18059399724006653,
-1.614804744720459,
0.0033708661794662476,
0.3232494294643402,
0.20577619969844818,
0.36601966619491577,
0.13668256998062134,
0.7334566712379456,
-0.17783428728580475,
-1.0843292474746704,
0.2794846296310425,
-0.6297419667243958,
0.4845809042453766,
0.7350834608078003,
0.9217727184295654,
0.6513930559158325,
-0.3830007314682007,
-0.10091302543878555,
0.44096583127975464,
-0.2828514277935028,
-1.0654690265655518,
-1.0633304119110107,
0.11978601664304733,
-0.8595950603485107,
1.1415735483169556,
-0.7100274562835693,
0.35513412952423096,
-0.3381194770336151,
0.13046017289161682,
-0.9665695428848267,
1.3965128660202026,
1.055674433708191,
0.6070194244384766,
1.1539944410324097,
-0.7461479902267456,
0.34963753819465637,
-0.3074069619178772,
-0.8298178315162659,
0.7186152338981628,
-0.2226463258266449,
-0.8969345092773438,
0.35453981161117554,
-0.697470486164093,
1.529340147972107,
-0.6908802390098572
] |
what is a precise statement of the 'borde-guth-valenkin theorem' used in creationist literature? | there is an argument, used regularly in christian apologetics (a favourite of william lane craig, among others) called the [kalam cosmological argument](_url_0_). as it is often delivered, there are many philosophical gaps (an inappropriate appeal to hilbert's hotel, an assumption that any creator is therefore a god). most of these are, as it were, visible to the naked eye- but there is one gap that almost anyone beyond the physics community is perhaps ill-placed to scrutinise, and that is to the so-called *borde-guth-vilenkin theorem*, which asserts according to craig: > ...that any universe which has, on average, been expanding throughout its history cannot be infinite in the past but must have a past space-time boundary (from craig's *contemporary cosmology and the beginning of the universe*) as a trained mathematician (although, notably not a trained physicist), something about this is fishy to me. **if this is a theorem, then what are the premises?** surely, just that the universe 'has been expanding throughout its entire history' is not enough to conclude the above. **how shaky are these premises?** are they, as with most physical 'theorems' based on mathematics understood to be an imperfect model? **and what *precisely* is its conclusion?** the above does not strike me as a mathematical statement. **edit:** typo in title [\facepalm]- apologies. | it means that inflationary spacetimes cannot be past-eternal. it means that if you try to build an inflationary universe that has "always" been inflating, it's inconsistent. about the premises: we don't know whether or not exact de sitter space is consistent quantum mechanically. we don't know what exactly drove inflation and whether or not it needs new physics beyond the planck scale to be understood. and furthermore, if inflation actually happened, talking about what happened before the last 60 or so e-foldings (stretching of the space by factor of e^60 ) is just blablabla, since there will be no observable trace left of this physics. | 6 | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalām_cosmological_argument"
] | [
"http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0110012.pdf",
"http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0110/0110012v2.pdf"
] | [
-1.3557977676391602,
0.43750813603401184,
-0.048762813210487366,
1.8268213272094727,
1.152279257774353,
-0.7577952742576599,
-0.11748272180557251,
0.46143901348114014,
1.3750228881835938,
-0.633358359336853,
0.6116015315055847,
-1.6785242557525635,
-0.9206901788711548,
-0.6146636605262756,
0.12612147629261017,
-1.399963140487671,
-1.6989712715148926,
-1.8438198566436768,
-2.1439881324768066,
-0.4281594157218933,
0.3876442313194275,
-0.5012121200561523,
-0.578095555305481,
-0.4177172780036926,
0.7537807822227478,
1.7529780864715576,
0.21637889742851257,
-0.1496388018131256,
0.6548320651054382,
0.1581193208694458,
1.7696974277496338,
-0.3486884832382202,
0.7278773784637451,
-0.11029514670372009,
0.8733036518096924,
-0.20297455787658691,
1.5907862186431885,
1.2093549966812134,
-1.5750542879104614,
-1.175545334815979,
-0.08555459976196289,
-0.7661758661270142,
0.5641340017318726,
0.6786339282989502,
1.8074231147766113,
0.42186278104782104,
2.1669013500213623,
-0.7578662633895874,
-1.3238532543182373,
0.47462356090545654,
-0.2905561923980713,
0.35066452622413635,
0.8940954804420471,
0.1577931046485901,
-1.0508537292480469,
1.5211951732635498,
0.6734391450881958,
-0.8348833918571472,
0.9162447452545166,
-0.8518835306167603,
-0.885604739189148,
-0.24916446208953857,
-1.1423217058181763,
1.7977259159088135,
2.4052658081054688,
-0.15519177913665771,
1.023524284362793,
-1.4423136711120605,
-1.0358095169067383,
1.7163481712341309,
0.9010207056999207,
-0.19720125198364258,
-0.5733358263969421,
-0.3514820337295532,
1.417738437652588,
1.20493745803833,
-0.14718979597091675,
1.1524029970169067,
1.3617972135543823,
0.8298671841621399,
1.4602441787719727,
-0.7948768138885498,
0.2557550072669983,
-0.5133742690086365,
-1.0049266815185547,
0.37409502267837524,
1.0235120058059692,
0.0606917180120945,
0.6622975468635559,
-1.6709256172180176,
-0.08134868741035461,
-0.09211935102939606,
-0.299915075302124,
1.533976674079895,
0.28206485509872437,
0.4526115655899048,
-0.6273431777954102,
-0.02515953779220581,
1.0038268566131592,
0.9381846189498901,
-1.1892973184585571,
1.1675530672073364,
-2.4698314666748047,
0.721958339214325,
-0.6530468463897705,
-1.5337154865264893,
-0.06608593463897705,
1.0884931087493896,
0.6691005229949951,
-0.0035387277603149414,
0.33946192264556885,
-2.208921432495117,
1.4038548469543457,
-1.239380121231079,
0.3834003210067749,
-0.7765887379646301,
0.596834659576416,
0.7475127577781677,
-0.19342881441116333,
-2.0509324073791504,
-1.1187260150909424,
-0.17106521129608154,
-0.1310243308544159,
0.30941808223724365,
0.2835438847541809,
-0.44217100739479065,
0.26073455810546875,
1.4075878858566284,
-0.20786768198013306,
-1.429762363433838,
1.0032732486724854,
-1.3809545040130615,
-0.5988214612007141,
-0.1636681854724884,
0.5909572839736938,
-0.09826624393463135,
1.2355620861053467,
-0.4920681118965149,
-0.091756671667099,
1.9415137767791748,
0.41549697518348694,
0.04923665523529053,
-0.3043062388896942,
-0.22208933532238007,
0.33633312582969666,
1.0733873844146729,
1.6860026121139526,
-1.271279215812683,
0.07600720226764679,
-1.7739981412887573,
-0.4004369378089905,
-1.5801892280578613,
0.7285269498825073,
0.6187451481819153,
0.04328840970993042,
-0.059793293476104736,
0.417636513710022,
-0.4724544584751129,
-1.0683006048202515,
1.2633800506591797,
-1.0072550773620605,
1.1741074323654175,
0.16744326055049896,
2.033308506011963,
0.06345079094171524,
0.4027872681617737,
-0.518804669380188,
-1.4228274822235107,
1.1150357723236084,
0.616287112236023,
-0.12798553705215454,
-0.007532544434070587,
1.535622000694275,
0.46932679414749146,
-0.13468921184539795,
-1.3120369911193848,
-0.6888749599456787,
0.5367386341094971,
0.2866532504558563,
1.8938167095184326,
0.02755439281463623,
-0.09440866112709045,
2.3201730251312256,
0.7297344207763672,
-0.8290340304374695,
0.054472416639328,
0.38870030641555786,
-0.07827544212341309,
-1.2588582038879395,
0.41187533736228943,
-0.04633510112762451,
0.01624332368373871,
-1.8038395643234253,
1.5604016780853271,
-0.2195044606924057,
-0.5704686641693115,
-0.40922102332115173,
0.7964007258415222,
-0.07058897614479065,
0.10407578945159912,
-0.045207440853118896,
0.15749618411064148,
0.6168472766876221,
-1.1126534938812256,
0.47678714990615845,
-1.1553423404693604,
-0.4512901306152344,
-0.09019001573324203,
-1.4029603004455566,
-1.3427603244781494,
-0.9051220417022705,
-1.3459219932556152,
-0.36405467987060547,
-0.44416895508766174,
-0.25082582235336304,
2.720309257507324,
0.5298301577568054,
-2.3365213871002197,
-1.073274850845337,
-0.7201995849609375,
0.2805151641368866,
-0.27961355447769165,
-1.3026572465896606,
-1.4413878917694092,
0.3484416604042053,
-3.290637969970703,
-2.1022956371307373,
2.0789687633514404,
-0.29141944646835327,
1.1719094514846802,
0.03355158865451813,
0.6384608149528503,
1.8690528869628906,
0.7269705533981323,
0.7484666109085083,
0.07694302499294281,
-0.19206666946411133,
-0.17894917726516724,
-0.5983477830886841,
0.21196249127388,
-2.2548017501831055,
-0.34590283036231995,
0.48593929409980774,
0.2174164205789566,
-0.2442522495985031,
0.2930333912372589,
-1.2551569938659668,
0.03768424689769745,
0.45779040455818176,
0.6705173254013062,
-0.5699594020843506,
0.5929313898086548,
-0.30608686804771423,
0.4420737028121948,
-1.7295101881027222,
-0.19175447523593903,
-0.44757500290870667,
-0.08694523572921753,
-0.8617959022521973,
-0.23633325099945068,
1.2046256065368652,
-0.5453286170959473,
-1.5691407918930054,
-1.3551479578018188,
0.03404323011636734,
0.7056922316551208,
-1.1817654371261597,
0.8973737955093384,
0.24017342925071716,
0.9271034002304077,
0.7194109559059143,
-0.046155065298080444,
1.6658622026443481,
-0.8779646158218384,
0.6067135334014893,
-0.711455225944519,
0.7618640661239624,
0.8588248491287231,
-1.9803292751312256,
0.9734413623809814,
-0.7783349752426147,
-0.24857079982757568,
-1.0684688091278076,
-0.19886085391044617,
0.3728938102722168,
-1.5688039064407349,
0.6924744248390198,
-0.688244104385376,
-0.012982085347175598,
-1.2162880897521973,
-0.8872672915458679,
0.3512847125530243,
0.3781377077102661,
0.7143906354904175,
1.927905797958374,
-0.6383752822875977,
-1.1310352087020874,
0.5943388342857361,
-0.1253325641155243,
0.5997733473777771,
1.310135841369629,
-0.17923223972320557,
-1.5681792497634888,
-0.6537538170814514,
-0.4995625615119934,
-0.1444627046585083,
1.4939780235290527,
0.9257626533508301,
0.9660047292709351,
-1.266423225402832,
0.1875154972076416,
-1.1970040798187256,
0.07658784836530685,
1.5206029415130615,
-0.7489608526229858,
0.6170618534088135,
0.23303858935832977,
0.15960848331451416,
-0.0552331805229187,
0.7760169506072998,
0.016578704118728638,
-0.7798057198524475,
0.1399562954902649,
0.3301709294319153,
0.3924713134765625,
0.8373178839683533,
0.9080013036727905,
-1.4691776037216187,
-0.3374127149581909,
-0.9950559735298157,
0.2882993519306183,
0.6989785432815552,
-0.08509291708469391,
-0.8611909747123718,
0.6510258913040161,
1.303851842880249,
-1.3097134828567505,
-0.4141615033149719,
-1.6530957221984863,
0.48806893825531006,
-0.06501606106758118,
0.9749963283538818,
-0.011829078197479248,
0.39710742235183716,
0.7678693532943726,
0.9261654615402222,
1.2375152111053467,
0.06063942611217499,
-1.3139636516571045,
0.8895005583763123,
-1.4808557033538818,
1.3032187223434448,
2.1873083114624023,
-0.08971530199050903,
0.7621952295303345,
-0.49525487422943115,
1.4298374652862549,
-0.13105836510658264,
0.19053363800048828,
-1.058011531829834,
-2.2534449100494385,
0.493318647146225,
0.45204395055770874,
1.0161166191101074,
-0.8185359239578247,
0.6789486408233643,
-1.7787256240844727,
1.2298259735107422,
-0.606128990650177,
-0.05722886696457863,
0.8932998776435852,
0.7248471975326538,
-1.2351443767547607,
-0.8610813617706299,
1.8352470397949219,
-1.903061866760254,
-2.3327016830444336,
0.21530446410179138,
-0.8362862467765808,
0.1351792812347412,
1.324841022491455,
0.1361355483531952,
1.8368321657180786,
0.1780310720205307
] |
is there a word for the concept of when in a symbiotic relationship one of the species goes extinct, stops participating or is replaced? | i was just reading about pollination and bees and there is talk of robotic bees to replace them, maybe. _url_0_ there are orchids that i understand have only one insect that pollinates them, what happens when that species is unable or unwilling to? | there are known cases of co-dependent species losing their associate. i remember, for instance, an essay by s.j. gould mentionning a bahamian (i think...) hermit crab which could only fit in the shell of a certain species of snail, now extinct. that crab was apparently surviving by exploiting pleistocene sand deposits which contained fossil shells which were currently eroding and releasing "new" shells from time to time. however, i cannot recall a specific term beeing used to describe this situation, nor the name of the specific essay. | 4 | [] | [
"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2012/02/26/147446679/robotic-bees-one-step-closer-to-reality"
] | [
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0026370"
] | [
-0.588395357131958,
1.62763249874115,
0.9580956101417542,
0.4089602828025818,
-0.1222345232963562,
-0.6031036376953125,
1.024814486503601,
-0.2018062025308609,
0.3986578583717346,
0.5532384514808655,
0.7620629072189331,
0.3188623785972595,
-0.4432969093322754,
-0.4679814577102661,
0.08376277983188629,
-0.008646339178085327,
-0.19958342611789703,
0.13635222613811493,
0.8282349109649658,
0.3729468882083893,
0.3601793646812439,
1.5524859428405762,
0.25190219283103943,
0.1469913274049759,
-0.23403172194957733,
-0.12555360794067383,
-0.35302287340164185,
-0.33642610907554626,
0.3355306386947632,
0.34151723980903625,
-0.6373863220214844,
0.21912220120429993,
-0.001767277717590332,
-1.104814887046814,
1.5713884830474854,
1.0099785327911377,
-0.5312901139259338,
-0.057705044746398926,
1.1697156429290771,
0.25865036249160767,
0.09770804643630981,
0.5349034667015076,
0.6240123510360718,
0.5834065079689026,
-1.7715033292770386,
-0.14475581049919128,
-0.5451202392578125,
-0.47451192140579224,
-1.1463125944137573,
-0.8091691732406616,
-1.0304235219955444,
-0.3375280499458313,
-1.3542697429656982,
-1.0782370567321777,
0.9560688138008118,
-1.0143382549285889,
0.34366244077682495,
0.28380823135375977,
-0.8262430429458618,
-1.2940411567687988,
1.5230313539505005,
0.23972086608409882,
-1.643354058265686,
0.7991735935211182,
2.2120518684387207,
-0.6307730674743652,
-0.8291788101196289,
0.013215631246566772,
0.12370318174362183,
1.2726224660873413,
0.6981999278068542,
-0.09304440766572952,
-1.0565028190612793,
0.40401691198349,
-0.29648834466934204,
-0.21030336618423462,
0.35878604650497437,
-0.48475462198257446,
-0.4291231632232666,
-0.0037844181060791016,
-0.9991892576217651,
1.1679000854492188,
-0.114646777510643,
-0.4342142641544342,
-1.578377604484558,
0.5137358903884888,
0.29546043276786804,
-0.2244090586900711,
0.7289153337478638,
0.15760473906993866,
0.17402687668800354,
-0.6265105605125427,
1.1525158882141113,
0.45423462986946106,
0.5015310049057007,
0.3006254732608795,
0.02840358018875122,
0.9339190125465393,
0.6091073155403137,
-0.13417741656303406,
0.5648138523101807,
1.0983399152755737,
-0.3371030390262604,
0.26979726552963257,
-0.18280965089797974,
-0.7714687585830688,
-0.7502373456954956,
-1.2194827795028687,
0.2929938733577728,
0.6001461148262024,
-1.1069183349609375,
-0.3471815586090088,
0.4134140610694885,
-0.6108866930007935,
-0.7495688199996948,
-0.5035601854324341,
0.42746230959892273,
-0.35954660177230835,
-1.999680995941162,
-0.14076077938079834,
0.43483591079711914,
-0.6691634058952332,
0.959870457649231,
0.9511454701423645,
-0.5786880254745483,
0.5409910082817078,
0.2671930193901062,
0.747156023979187,
1.0205152034759521,
0.16666550934314728,
0.6834150552749634,
-0.6613402366638184,
1.1909916400909424,
0.2812196910381317,
-0.7213229537010193,
-0.36879345774650574,
0.718400239944458,
-0.7271188497543335,
-0.705155611038208,
1.4942703247070312,
0.06630612909793854,
0.4040350914001465,
0.3074292242527008,
0.7613362073898315,
-0.2204146534204483,
1.1926424503326416,
0.9781046509742737,
-0.771528959274292,
-0.06985168904066086,
0.443179190158844,
0.12055350840091705,
-1.9448113441467285,
0.2506345510482788,
0.19029249250888824,
-0.7328630089759827,
-0.9739573001861572,
-0.8140673637390137,
0.6352860927581787,
1.0720287561416626,
-0.2451198250055313,
-0.6622806787490845,
0.3011835217475891,
0.7898526787757874,
-0.42510688304901123,
0.8203995227813721,
-0.490033894777298,
-0.4029606878757477,
-1.2058302164077759,
1.3177436590194702,
0.17061710357666016,
1.1285523176193237,
0.2425822764635086,
1.2271270751953125,
-0.7473354935646057,
0.7111849784851074,
0.46343889832496643,
-0.3420359790325165,
0.6854676008224487,
0.9159954190254211,
0.8344950079917908,
-0.450626015663147,
-0.1746220588684082,
0.321225106716156,
0.5676693320274353,
0.1961812674999237,
-0.15382230281829834,
-0.10694216191768646,
0.24649235606193542,
0.7345863580703735,
0.015268130227923393,
1.5045101642608643,
0.9774731397628784,
1.1063964366912842,
-0.14372293651103973,
-0.3238183856010437,
0.476281076669693,
0.6188866496086121,
0.7022037506103516,
-0.4782877564430237,
-0.5639007687568665,
-0.833831787109375,
-0.9866913557052612,
-0.5106473565101624,
-0.2517196238040924,
0.5877441167831421,
-1.1004323959350586,
0.1418711245059967,
-0.9520477652549744,
-0.8045306205749512,
-0.3794128894805908,
-1.3236905336380005,
-0.9770352840423584,
-1.9913171529769897,
0.505292534828186,
0.7597067356109619,
-0.5030857920646667,
0.5744950175285339,
0.6811182498931885,
-0.027704954147338867,
-0.7675027847290039,
-0.8693517446517944,
-1.0698171854019165,
-0.43146342039108276,
-0.9775506258010864,
0.2629638612270355,
-0.8404878377914429,
-0.6591746807098389,
-1.0414143800735474,
-0.3084809482097626,
-1.2822753190994263,
-0.3412317633628845,
-0.17355436086654663,
-0.26462405920028687,
-0.9238168001174927,
-1.569676399230957,
-1.4754559993743896,
1.6444392204284668,
0.9916598796844482,
-0.1864156275987625,
-0.3233538269996643,
0.28746849298477173,
-0.16299964487552643,
-0.8958777189254761,
0.49671924114227295,
-1.1243882179260254,
-0.18499496579170227,
-0.5961783528327942,
-0.1799170970916748,
-0.26534751057624817,
0.5486950278282166,
-1.125594139099121,
0.7168279886245728,
-1.6019134521484375,
0.5896522402763367,
-0.45725151896476746,
0.12840881943702698,
-0.22732719779014587,
0.7252211570739746,
-1.3025791645050049,
0.8139463663101196,
1.1377089023590088,
-0.13533028960227966,
-0.9889064431190491,
-2.077361583709717,
1.3159308433532715,
-0.2027217447757721,
0.00021159648895263672,
0.27651822566986084,
0.43300050497055054,
-0.7320346236228943,
-0.44662436842918396,
0.33668917417526245,
0.2681403160095215,
-0.11720231175422668,
0.9974191188812256,
0.4372884929180145,
0.4166305363178253,
-0.794096827507019,
0.2448362112045288,
1.086329698562622,
-0.9804484844207764,
-0.9012880325317383,
-1.1984107494354248,
0.06024106591939926,
-0.20318721234798431,
-0.17473816871643066,
0.4052545130252838,
0.5193369388580322,
0.5551986694335938,
-0.8199233412742615,
-0.4631843566894531,
0.609279215335846,
-1.2121586799621582,
-0.7329825758934021,
1.4874314069747925,
0.7330978512763977,
-1.5365651845932007,
0.23760896921157837,
0.20066693425178528,
0.5569789409637451,
-0.5777804851531982,
-0.9217959046363831,
-1.0975769758224487,
0.5820810794830322,
-1.8727203607559204,
-0.20646241307258606,
0.07977178692817688,
0.9217590093612671,
1.0067743062973022,
0.04938044771552086,
-0.14702965319156647,
-0.6268966197967529,
0.4735705256462097,
0.0467291921377182,
0.8393576145172119,
-0.1689707636833191,
-0.6893129944801331,
0.4918249547481537,
-0.3689463138580322,
0.11049026250839233,
1.4637982845306396,
0.3496813476085663,
0.6208682656288147,
1.0360862016677856,
0.4393044114112854,
-0.5125030875205994,
1.2487868070602417,
-0.19043023884296417,
-0.9407631158828735,
0.6370862722396851,
-1.2245092391967773,
0.9149618148803711,
0.6023592948913574,
0.7217986583709717,
1.0724537372589111,
0.15795093774795532,
0.1975138783454895,
-0.4494302570819855,
-1.3336715698242188,
-0.7485729455947876,
0.10093045234680176,
0.9997818470001221,
0.8747323155403137,
-0.13309556245803833,
-1.171748399734497,
0.3113153278827667,
1.2916326522827148,
0.07333135604858398,
-0.8910661935806274,
0.9549566507339478,
-0.2709248661994934,
1.2478595972061157,
0.45762181282043457,
-0.9368858337402344,
0.6149963140487671,
-0.37899211049079895,
-0.09322643280029297,
0.40054261684417725,
-0.24314287304878235,
-0.6107910871505737,
-0.2696777582168579,
1.1350915431976318,
0.829062283039093,
1.7255030870437622,
0.3556816279888153,
0.9432533383369446,
-1.0821950435638428,
0.14063702523708344,
0.9343483448028564,
-0.4687361717224121,
0.5128437876701355,
0.3133544921875,
0.02939826250076294,
-0.5802996754646301,
-0.5523445010185242,
0.7307789921760559,
-0.3981744050979614,
0.46728014945983887,
-0.8520073294639587,
0.37622031569480896,
1.084578037261963,
-0.5711279511451721,
0.8371330499649048,
0.5569320917129517
] |
with the fourth of july coming up, i am bringing out my old fireworks. how does age affect fireworks? | i have some older fireworks that i fired off last night, and their performance varied greatly compared to the newer fireworks we used. note that we used mostly bottle rockets (best way to use these is to get a 1-2" pvc pipe and light 'em then drop 'em in), some of which were the same brand/model (and different ages), but most were different. nonetheless, the variability of the performance appeared to increase the older the firework. | if they absorb moisture from the air over time, it will affect the grain size of the powder, clumping it, this affects the burn rate, and thus the performance. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.05595472455024719,
0.19217096269130707,
0.02612563967704773,
0.3569599986076355,
0.024656563997268677,
0.04804730415344238,
0.019152790307998657,
0.2220352590084076,
0.12059900164604187,
-0.2370585799217224,
-0.16965965926647186,
0.4041854739189148,
-0.0014331936836242676,
-0.06322029232978821,
0.09452064335346222,
-0.3087325096130371,
0.8182311654090881,
-0.11918313056230545,
-0.517551839351654,
-0.8502930402755737,
0.054290249943733215,
-0.7627346515655518,
0.17519405484199524,
-0.09542505443096161,
0.8404123783111572,
-0.042223453521728516,
-0.38413774967193604,
0.3089720606803894,
0.007929975166916847,
-0.06209750473499298,
-0.6529390811920166,
-0.3703724145889282,
0.1024799570441246,
-0.6125686168670654,
-0.3444991707801819,
0.4162368178367615,
-0.2662773132324219,
-0.4532512426376343,
-0.31314754486083984,
0.46987372636795044,
0.2354712039232254,
-0.3582581877708435,
-0.19813373684883118,
0.3346114158630371,
-0.12476731836795807,
0.29996225237846375,
0.6233919858932495,
-0.22585590183734894,
-0.38905268907546997,
-0.10214550048112869,
-0.3797566890716553,
0.26108241081237793,
0.5824092626571655,
-0.06199399381875992,
-0.5134034156799316,
0.2961426377296448,
0.15898478031158447,
-0.4467807114124298,
-0.2863984704017639,
0.023631777614355087,
-0.40946653485298157,
0.05361337959766388,
-1.1799715757369995,
0.7050328254699707,
1.2586759328842163,
-0.5216044187545776,
0.004233717918395996,
-0.25646936893463135,
-0.4834049642086029,
0.15841776132583618,
-0.11041300743818283,
-0.02938222885131836,
0.09294810146093369,
-0.4599526524543762,
-0.6261113286018372,
0.012986086308956146,
0.2576332986354828,
-0.015414208173751831,
0.4667552411556244,
-0.5500641465187073,
0.6045682430267334,
-0.75104159116745,
-0.5499703288078308,
-0.5443844199180603,
0.18339738249778748,
-0.08230248093605042,
1.0391429662704468,
-0.13391171395778656,
0.2517162561416626,
0.0803527981042862,
0.0753081887960434,
0.35647720098495483,
-1.0930057764053345,
0.5088390707969666,
0.3854956030845642,
0.759558916091919,
-0.10032380372285843,
-0.8147619962692261,
0.6679503917694092,
-0.08853162825107574,
0.026451990008354187,
-0.3202143907546997,
-0.7805781364440918,
-0.12037809938192368,
-0.5625320076942444,
-0.719153642654419,
-0.24519935250282288,
0.5400378704071045,
0.6487412452697754,
0.38239434361457825,
-0.07088282704353333,
0.5915651321411133,
-0.45748794078826904,
0.33644014596939087,
0.006247490644454956,
0.13210001587867737,
-0.1273585855960846,
0.14862149953842163,
0.16641786694526672,
-0.1841057538986206,
-0.13747479021549225,
-0.2880662679672241,
0.418168842792511,
-0.4836356043815613,
0.12443308532238007,
-0.41914403438568115,
0.6248818635940552,
0.846613883972168,
-0.48936858773231506,
-0.390774130821228,
-0.1304175853729248,
-0.5496585965156555,
-0.09815892577171326,
-0.21755370497703552,
-0.5721951127052307,
0.143095463514328,
0.9937360882759094,
-0.31026020646095276,
-0.4310310184955597,
0.03897702693939209,
0.029372185468673706,
0.8122498989105225,
0.12673284113407135,
0.009782962501049042,
0.05449274927377701,
0.6594759821891785,
-0.3038666546344757,
-0.525793194770813,
-0.02258121967315674,
-0.1506192535161972,
0.048022881150245667,
-0.3381708264350891,
0.260392427444458,
-0.5431906580924988,
0.0712302029132843,
-0.4261375367641449,
-0.8059319257736206,
0.20243951678276062,
1.1988465785980225,
0.48284241557121277,
-0.9114961624145508,
0.4468345642089844,
-0.02970932424068451,
-0.21464946866035461,
-0.028891056776046753,
0.6886822581291199,
0.9024988412857056,
-0.35470879077911377,
-0.9315690994262695,
0.4458272159099579,
0.05370621383190155,
-0.2054251879453659,
-0.2821049392223358,
-0.35601967573165894,
0.08938378095626831,
-0.15539011359214783,
-0.9793139696121216,
0.06135393679141998,
0.27193817496299744,
0.22705179452896118,
0.6860558390617371,
0.9166375398635864,
0.8314246535301208,
0.5498307943344116,
0.25505322217941284,
-0.6990675330162048,
0.09661552309989929,
0.19314104318618774,
-0.5207490921020508,
0.1371452957391739,
-0.20393145084381104,
-0.6633759140968323,
-0.10736029595136642,
0.8110802173614502,
0.10884629935026169,
0.2439783215522766,
0.2826753854751587,
-0.031194984912872314,
0.22866792976856232,
0.02731768786907196,
0.07306866347789764,
-0.33453667163848877,
-0.2576642632484436,
-0.48699015378952026,
0.220182865858078,
-0.03737020492553711,
-0.4489864706993103,
-0.003345690667629242,
0.1306338906288147,
-0.0712306797504425,
-0.1578814834356308,
-1.3381624221801758,
-0.5047226548194885,
0.5471693277359009,
0.053678497672080994,
-0.14235347509384155,
0.4364757239818573,
0.5038772225379944,
-0.5430927872657776,
0.08889824151992798,
0.2354196161031723,
-0.09302196651697159,
0.4598075747489929,
-0.9628807306289673,
0.5012862086296082,
0.20958644151687622,
-0.46158450841903687,
0.8150620460510254,
0.16399535536766052,
0.03589700907468796,
-0.3367544710636139,
0.33041051030158997,
0.15884125232696533,
0.3919505178928375,
-1.0141884088516235,
-0.13048388063907623,
-0.4988616704940796,
0.41873255372047424,
-0.4657405912876129,
-0.21921147406101227,
-0.18740838766098022,
0.12957468628883362,
0.7247483730316162,
-0.40968918800354004,
0.05845510959625244,
0.3624570369720459,
-0.20611335337162018,
0.3683810830116272,
-0.348018616437912,
0.1028856635093689,
-0.4855499267578125,
0.16205406188964844,
-0.9199271202087402,
-0.492236852645874,
0.28852003812789917,
-0.2029365450143814,
-0.2584945857524872,
-0.6869841814041138,
-0.06603414565324783,
-0.16796302795410156,
0.5673494338989258,
-0.10146825015544891,
-0.2856053113937378,
0.17749470472335815,
1.3370033502578735,
-0.09958246350288391,
-0.051494039595127106,
0.5380769968032837,
0.055849477648735046,
0.058797210454940796,
0.29244017601013184,
-1.1243304014205933,
0.10997973382472992,
-0.0739947259426117,
1.1966257095336914,
-0.25947457551956177,
-0.7016798853874207,
0.38350924849510193,
-0.2953391373157501,
0.23088377714157104,
0.29803168773651123,
-0.273145467042923,
-0.41252806782722473,
0.688103199005127,
0.1526978611946106,
-0.12563982605934143,
-0.04410332441329956,
-0.13202443718910217,
0.20148590207099915,
0.1594659686088562,
0.10705114901065826,
0.13176849484443665,
0.8206640481948853,
0.1298111379146576,
0.5282140374183655,
0.5458217859268188,
0.2819005250930786,
0.7886440753936768,
-0.47704002261161804,
0.2880406975746155,
-0.37198662757873535,
0.22444100677967072,
-0.10662813484668732,
0.31206512451171875,
-0.7977602481842041,
0.06226368248462677,
0.09379078447818756,
0.582420825958252,
-0.33620715141296387,
0.028794946148991585,
-0.31929123401641846,
-0.6799198985099792,
-0.18894442915916443,
-0.3993985950946808,
0.09076941758394241,
0.42762240767478943,
0.47986161708831787,
-0.14010193943977356,
-0.266903817653656,
-0.15586066246032715,
-0.08226712793111801,
0.11600089073181152,
0.35830241441726685,
0.7611724138259888,
-0.5681424736976624,
0.7427733540534973,
0.5210825204849243,
0.05155554413795471,
0.0667254775762558,
-0.42617344856262207,
0.7667096257209778,
-0.2978551387786865,
0.5313424468040466,
0.4091302752494812,
0.3999020457267761,
0.12392723560333252,
-0.33865073323249817,
0.8829618096351624,
-0.4685267508029938,
-0.39745771884918213,
0.0793362557888031,
0.48832714557647705,
0.7873279452323914,
0.2709047198295593,
0.16966837644577026,
0.01648429036140442,
0.2456052601337433,
0.780948281288147,
-0.9680068492889404,
0.15738654136657715,
-0.5268779397010803,
0.8745749592781067,
0.4646649956703186,
0.09871099889278412,
0.4205334186553955,
-0.26407355070114136,
-0.4472101628780365,
-0.12092071771621704,
0.16159002482891083,
0.4482631981372833,
-0.6619642376899719,
-0.25562143325805664,
0.28815343976020813,
0.43228986859321594,
0.4213334023952484,
0.11949378252029419,
-0.4600868821144104,
-0.10218596458435059,
-0.03538504242897034,
0.1791297346353531,
0.6988126635551453,
0.5021671652793884,
0.36786386370658875,
-0.10194066166877747,
0.4212896227836609,
-0.43900376558303833,
-0.12297968566417694,
-0.17364129424095154,
0.09454858303070068,
0.012159749865531921,
0.04392850399017334,
-0.8294786214828491,
0.24560698866844177,
-0.17730864882469177
] |
can /r/askscience explain to me how today's rife machines, as well as the originals from the 1930's, work and what (if any) scientific merit is present? | my best friend's mother is always on about the conspiracy to suppress the work of royal rife - this woman sells these devices on the side to supplement her primary business, which involves the treatment of terminally ill patients using rife machines and other pseudoscientific devices. she honestly believes she is saving lives, i do not want to debate any moral issues at this time. i do not have access to a box that i may open, and i have thus far failed to locate pictures of modern innards. i did find [pictures and schematics](_url_0_) of (what is supposedly) one of rife's original devices, but they are far beyond my understanding. tl;dr: rife machines are quackery, tell me (the history of) why. | apparently we want to be searching under the term "radionics". \- _url_1_ - \- _url_5_ - "rife machine operator sued" \- _url_3_ - \- _url_7_ - \- _url_6_ - \- _url_0_ - "rife machine/radionics (quackery)" - forum discussion at james randi's jref site \- _url_2_ - "rife technology" - forum discussion at james randi's jref site \- _url_4_ - | 11 | [] | [
"http://www.scoon.co.uk/Electrotherapy/Rife/BeamRay/index.htm"
] | [
"http://skepdic.com/essays/energyhealing.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionics",
"http://forums.randi.org/showthread.php?t=1341",
"http://www.quackwatch.org/04ConsumerEducation/News/rife.html",
"http://forums.randi.org/showthread.php?t=24582",
"http://www.skepdic.com/radionics.html",
"http://whatstheharm.net/energymedicine.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Rife"
] | [
-1.9790189266204834,
-0.31691065430641174,
0.09347866475582123,
-1.208296537399292,
0.24463896453380585,
-0.9556585550308228,
0.6670123338699341,
-0.25435101985931396,
-0.22122317552566528,
0.128978431224823,
0.4427269995212555,
0.6222181916236877,
1.0443377494812012,
1.0827512741088867,
0.41136497259140015,
0.06194846332073212,
-0.8343367576599121,
-0.6093240976333618,
-0.3316979706287384,
0.8637767434120178,
0.4761527478694916,
-0.6456964015960693,
-0.1373569518327713,
-0.18965157866477966,
-0.8392919301986694,
-0.28704941272735596,
-0.6189911365509033,
-0.027278095483779907,
-0.16548152267932892,
-0.0853973925113678,
0.9482752680778503,
0.8438012599945068,
-1.2986698150634766,
-0.013971015810966492,
0.6179354190826416,
0.021875761449337006,
-0.22425098717212677,
-0.4128515124320984,
0.40697675943374634,
0.6820928454399109,
-0.32139721512794495,
-1.702510118484497,
-0.21386954188346863,
0.8408701419830322,
-0.36559927463531494,
0.1277753710746765,
0.016162311658263206,
0.08840050548315048,
0.5614112615585327,
0.09724683314561844,
-1.1908990144729614,
-0.5757396817207336,
-1.0677335262298584,
0.4047527313232422,
0.6808534860610962,
-0.9019795656204224,
-0.45780670642852783,
-0.3781537413597107,
0.3528136610984802,
0.002172965556383133,
1.0161558389663696,
-0.010797366499900818,
0.7407107353210449,
1.1275399923324585,
0.5838930606842041,
0.6507233381271362,
-0.7283845543861389,
-0.37439966201782227,
0.5541636347770691,
-0.04233093559741974,
-0.5922887325286865,
0.25223028659820557,
-1.084186315536499,
1.3880571126937866,
0.7240269184112549,
-0.021155236288905144,
-0.684794545173645,
0.012513749301433563,
-0.37154829502105713,
-0.7008075714111328,
-0.2922598719596863,
-1.2341572046279907,
-0.11364555358886719,
-0.5542006492614746,
0.06323783099651337,
0.49522751569747925,
0.47361308336257935,
-0.4267722964286804,
0.5510127544403076,
-0.16658225655555725,
0.4212157130241394,
0.18640869855880737,
1.3421791791915894,
-0.0691971555352211,
0.5195205211639404,
0.6493816375732422,
0.2683297395706177,
-0.9334527254104614,
-0.24693001806735992,
0.5979886054992676,
-0.8694968223571777,
-0.276761531829834,
-0.15643362700939178,
-0.46080470085144043,
-0.46420133113861084,
-0.5607142448425293,
0.284572035074234,
1.2324379682540894,
-0.4279421269893646,
0.40867680311203003,
-0.04741916060447693,
-0.31972628831863403,
0.14541369676589966,
-0.260693222284317,
-0.5446010828018188,
0.5553081035614014,
0.5437041521072388,
-0.774480938911438,
0.5390806794166565,
0.44252684712409973,
-0.0718570202589035,
0.171248197555542,
0.21742147207260132,
0.5086103081703186,
0.3593880832195282,
0.4998348355293274,
-0.02678084373474121,
0.43806231021881104,
-0.3926759958267212,
0.9744762182235718,
-0.28816577792167664,
-0.44132769107818604,
-0.2113380879163742,
1.2676087617874146,
-0.24285651743412018,
-0.28603002429008484,
0.5822995901107788,
-0.7383849620819092,
0.26860547065734863,
0.749168336391449,
-1.2480952739715576,
0.7775467038154602,
0.11454883962869644,
-0.7028440237045288,
0.5041303634643555,
-0.08622314780950546,
-0.7761150598526001,
-0.5824303030967712,
-0.2748437523841858,
0.48867958784103394,
0.5891462564468384,
0.5229203104972839,
0.2712203562259674,
1.559417963027954,
-0.24771133065223694,
0.001650780439376831,
2.0133755207061768,
0.6339908242225647,
0.41051921248435974,
-0.08471837639808655,
-0.12286701798439026,
0.9760512113571167,
0.6395097970962524,
0.7434779405593872,
0.5812000632286072,
-0.8684754371643066,
-0.6879127025604248,
0.00022330880165100098,
-0.592595100402832,
-0.11832074820995331,
0.36447614431381226,
0.43070700764656067,
-0.38167673349380493,
0.4419342279434204,
-0.22937947511672974,
-0.47619113326072693,
0.5783835649490356,
-0.6514527201652527,
-0.6711844801902771,
0.9071855545043945,
-0.43108904361724854,
-0.8452931642532349,
0.9087785482406616,
-0.34332290291786194,
-1.0253740549087524,
-0.032299526035785675,
-0.37011516094207764,
-0.5759656429290771,
0.4337419867515564,
-0.5623608231544495,
-0.14030873775482178,
-0.42730212211608887,
0.5675116777420044,
-0.779866099357605,
-0.790099024772644,
-0.10088854283094406,
0.8330481052398682,
-0.42207223176956177,
-0.33292192220687866,
0.34633782505989075,
-0.5239253044128418,
-0.2139735370874405,
0.08043697476387024,
-0.07789690792560577,
-1.2742161750793457,
0.5054736137390137,
0.5236879587173462,
-0.3839469254016876,
-0.7668390274047852,
-0.843053936958313,
0.3893647789955139,
-0.5389312505722046,
-1.1174734830856323,
-0.656147837638855,
0.2503834664821625,
-0.06405049562454224,
-0.7370766997337341,
-0.47054898738861084,
-0.48047199845314026,
0.9450156092643738,
-0.26081228256225586,
0.6650184392929077,
-0.17041133344173431,
-0.6446161270141602,
-1.509328842163086,
-0.2635086178779602,
-0.14498698711395264,
1.433773159980774,
-0.548566460609436,
0.8036602139472961,
0.3042179048061371,
-0.3600674867630005,
1.1046183109283447,
1.0553574562072754,
0.6079978942871094,
0.5453464984893799,
0.3283693194389343,
-0.5693271160125732,
0.2373027801513672,
-0.27889132499694824,
0.12830138206481934,
-0.6861335635185242,
-0.9617888927459717,
1.4158847332000732,
-0.5177958011627197,
0.169474259018898,
-1.1231251955032349,
0.8824762105941772,
-0.3566845953464508,
0.18921124935150146,
1.6971596479415894,
-0.9842926859855652,
-0.4836364984512329,
0.39591795206069946,
0.5053759813308716,
0.19685187935829163,
-0.6846905946731567,
-0.5858544111251831,
0.7921344041824341,
0.05640540271997452,
0.5345855355262756,
0.3233455419540405,
0.26892271637916565,
-0.43287283182144165,
1.5301042795181274,
-0.8209797739982605,
-0.6524481177330017,
0.17218250036239624,
-0.8625321388244629,
-0.31345778703689575,
-0.7238768339157104,
-0.7154374122619629,
0.05217047035694122,
-0.05406197905540466,
1.1065837144851685,
-0.20911931991577148,
1.0094560384750366,
-2.3512513637542725,
-0.20594891905784607,
0.35746464133262634,
-0.6971325874328613,
0.4806572198867798,
-0.29911601543426514,
1.0325027704238892,
-0.7766439914703369,
-0.5601788759231567,
-0.2832499146461487,
-0.8528159856796265,
-0.4989989995956421,
-0.5821801424026489,
-0.14724552631378174,
0.26234540343284607,
-0.5557196736335754,
-0.17614436149597168,
1.0292413234710693,
-0.9832762479782104,
-0.19828131794929504,
-1.2029523849487305,
0.026891522109508514,
-0.18215903639793396,
0.45981279015541077,
-0.16509276628494263,
-0.1274227648973465,
-0.48713573813438416,
0.05613349378108978,
1.017741084098816,
-0.4579750895500183,
0.7421097755432129,
0.7685044407844543,
-0.6506893634796143,
0.6598754525184631,
0.099008709192276,
-0.07440824061632156,
0.22241613268852234,
0.07363230735063553,
0.2863789498806,
-1.787331461906433,
1.534071922302246,
1.2667560577392578,
0.6161732077598572,
1.1924242973327637,
-0.034990161657333374,
0.3594013750553131,
0.3021293878555298,
0.5184965133666992,
0.42349880933761597,
-0.6039003133773804,
0.16719792783260345,
-0.010702869854867458,
0.425700306892395,
0.37667229771614075,
0.7509493827819824,
0.1413840800523758,
-0.29427871108055115,
0.3509458303451538,
0.2055613100528717,
-1.1444616317749023,
0.002635298063978553,
0.20680609345436096,
0.00010192394256591797,
0.15339291095733643,
-1.3179857730865479,
0.5081307888031006,
-0.1631373167037964,
-0.2366875857114792,
0.24497611820697784,
0.6864895820617676,
0.38385725021362305,
-0.36517825722694397,
0.42244574427604675,
0.06447798013687134,
0.537811815738678,
-0.7040801048278809,
-0.20891642570495605,
-0.37853628396987915,
-0.08574490249156952,
-0.7652891874313354,
-0.052919745445251465,
0.39059385657310486,
0.2527620494365692,
0.6143172979354858,
0.3210700452327728,
-0.5602039694786072,
0.7079048156738281,
-0.16764958202838898,
0.5979102849960327,
-0.1092536449432373,
-0.038053467869758606,
0.598475992679596,
0.6163820028305054,
-0.8612335920333862,
0.02725381776690483,
0.3173139989376068,
0.22982415556907654,
0.5725368857383728,
-0.498829185962677,
0.2405156046152115,
-0.12568119168281555,
-0.8296977877616882,
0.8531800508499146,
0.6582399606704712,
-0.2876160740852356,
-0.10260516405105591,
0.005446910858154297
] |
i recall virtually all of my memories in the third person, seeing myself included the scene. how unusual is this, and is it psychologically/neurologically meaningful at all? | memories are created by your perception of events and are completely biased. you probably think too much in third person and how are you seen in most situations and your memories end up stored that way. it's also very interesting that you can create memories about things that never happened. sometimes i think about a made up situation that i lied about a long time ago (like 5 years), and end up having a hard time realizing if it really happened or not. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.37934643030166626,
-0.4214777946472168,
-0.05832129716873169,
-0.6204270124435425,
0.1291726678609848,
-0.5083796977996826,
0.012373633682727814,
0.3789254426956177,
1.4611592292785645,
-0.5096460580825806,
-0.16513189673423767,
0.9800795912742615,
0.7332621812820435,
-0.44433438777923584,
0.630186915397644,
-0.14857682585716248,
0.43140709400177,
0.5904991030693054,
-2.5045034885406494,
0.2994347810745239,
-0.7768656611442566,
-0.9955918788909912,
0.35299617052078247,
0.11487477272748947,
0.024356335401535034,
1.771456003189087,
0.25719308853149414,
-0.6983590722084045,
-0.9401412606239319,
-0.5609493255615234,
-0.3285876512527466,
0.40028977394104004,
-0.13420416414737701,
-0.7737209796905518,
-0.8278725147247314,
1.2167541980743408,
-1.3436620235443115,
0.48120325803756714,
0.7602273225784302,
-1.2299624681472778,
-0.8586817979812622,
0.5817195773124695,
0.8222352266311646,
0.503526508808136,
-0.24930870532989502,
0.6643971800804138,
0.47064825892448425,
0.9320724010467529,
-0.22659289836883545,
-0.26092392206192017,
-0.6139162182807922,
0.5942710041999817,
-0.0719602108001709,
-0.6717367172241211,
-0.803857147693634,
0.2953149080276489,
-0.01373079139739275,
0.10306896269321442,
-0.16346588730812073,
0.9668890237808228,
0.5434755682945251,
-0.09853395074605942,
-0.00570446252822876,
-0.031304582953453064,
0.5710660219192505,
0.49727094173431396,
0.04838955029845238,
-0.031591713428497314,
1.0904762744903564,
0.1274380385875702,
0.7639659643173218,
1.3374744653701782,
-1.1152442693710327,
-0.22787220776081085,
0.6247703433036804,
-0.19415506720542908,
-0.22439739108085632,
-0.4538356363773346,
0.22175146639347076,
-0.6370386481285095,
0.8018872141838074,
0.3745201528072357,
-0.08874337375164032,
0.4067264199256897,
-0.30247724056243896,
-1.3093430995941162,
1.2309701442718506,
0.014370709657669067,
-0.5072792768478394,
0.036904267966747284,
0.11877182126045227,
-0.7894616723060608,
0.6461820006370544,
-0.7591273188591003,
-0.12585362792015076,
-0.046186525374650955,
-0.45355984568595886,
0.9067093133926392,
0.7425296902656555,
0.016198966652154922,
0.05921059846878052,
0.9087508916854858,
-0.7297306060791016,
-0.38533684611320496,
1.5779368877410889,
-0.9782379865646362,
0.46813714504241943,
0.24110670387744904,
-0.11881557106971741,
-0.30381762981414795,
-0.4293005168437958,
-0.24674250185489655,
0.13650964200496674,
0.03251255303621292,
-0.14134001731872559,
0.9853036403656006,
-0.49142614006996155,
0.47768861055374146,
-0.44483399391174316,
-0.7490236759185791,
0.2627708911895752,
-0.008272964507341385,
0.4993208348751068,
0.4947657585144043,
-1.0151878595352173,
-1.187020182609558,
0.7388819456100464,
0.015244655311107635,
0.7072668671607971,
-0.596754789352417,
-0.44122880697250366,
-0.08478671312332153,
0.1651853322982788,
0.5178533792495728,
-0.5511001348495483,
-0.47267088294029236,
0.9757711887359619,
-0.9850927591323853,
0.5664082765579224,
-0.13733893632888794,
0.5359563827514648,
0.9494594931602478,
-0.15203803777694702,
1.2586240768432617,
-2.3048110008239746,
0.935955822467804,
0.16004681587219238,
-0.5603482127189636,
0.5704629421234131,
-0.2866307497024536,
0.44130799174308777,
-0.2737400531768799,
-0.750991940498352,
-0.9969759583473206,
0.44145455956459045,
-0.6718786954879761,
-1.652575135231018,
-0.04726863652467728,
-0.9179767370223999,
0.12697270512580872,
0.5049367547035217,
0.5592983961105347,
0.29036012291908264,
0.4365307092666626,
1.626474142074585,
-0.01673765480518341,
0.08678735792636871,
-0.5428301692008972,
0.1870020478963852,
0.17741931974887848,
-0.8268381357192993,
0.20164956152439117,
-0.099085733294487,
-1.122322916984558,
0.05354267358779907,
-0.05291299149394035,
-2.3910622596740723,
-0.4061344861984253,
-0.06440307945013046,
0.4344140589237213,
0.3658207654953003,
0.10660678148269653,
-0.8096036911010742,
1.1428910493850708,
-0.031650520861148834,
-0.7127699255943298,
0.4281156063079834,
0.21268413960933685,
1.064462661743164,
-0.18939414620399475,
-0.9597617387771606,
-0.03780475631356239,
-1.0117383003234863,
-0.22505587339401245,
0.778903603553772,
0.07367151975631714,
0.5938932299613953,
-0.008622430264949799,
-0.3485489785671234,
0.23589229583740234,
-1.578877329826355,
-1.6015703678131104,
-0.8465919494628906,
-0.3725533187389374,
0.0057173073291778564,
0.2847575843334198,
-0.4112608730792999,
0.41601479053497314,
1.7284587621688843,
-0.6479296684265137,
-0.3560541272163391,
-0.11728492379188538,
-0.9900191426277161,
0.4545573592185974,
0.562122106552124,
-0.5147311687469482,
-2.5238797664642334,
1.9564911127090454,
0.39839938282966614,
0.17457252740859985,
0.7067098021507263,
-2.0278844833374023,
-0.38585373759269714,
-0.7775992751121521,
-1.2490967512130737,
-0.8096907734870911,
0.4943694472312927,
0.008068617433309555,
0.03794081509113312,
-0.06239387392997742,
0.21774718165397644,
1.0838180780410767,
-0.7528634667396545,
-0.7730717658996582,
-1.4036296606063843,
-1.300229549407959,
1.5233831405639648,
-0.4220391809940338,
-0.6120544075965881,
-0.7369692325592041,
0.5942168831825256,
-0.39449214935302734,
-0.793601393699646,
-0.9917765259742737,
0.050014086067676544,
0.7651772499084473,
-0.2435627281665802,
-0.16002891957759857,
0.46019789576530457,
0.2720230221748352,
-0.19731616973876953,
-0.4879024028778076,
-0.1212981641292572,
-0.22821040451526642,
-0.7747660875320435,
0.37403756380081177,
-1.4564403295516968,
0.636762261390686,
0.25805678963661194,
0.2805430591106415,
-0.2053658664226532,
-0.41223999857902527,
-0.8942188024520874,
-1.125243067741394,
-0.5570923089981079,
0.7562243342399597,
-0.5254496932029724,
-0.9648828506469727,
-0.7141581773757935,
-0.7611557245254517,
-0.6448760032653809,
0.6463583707809448,
1.5135459899902344,
1.2272530794143677,
-0.26171785593032837,
-0.048071131110191345,
0.08507714420557022,
-0.41733449697494507,
-0.8241690397262573,
-0.14594465494155884,
0.5871255397796631,
-0.8092439770698547,
1.1739881038665771,
1.1719865798950195,
-0.30564436316490173,
-0.42787837982177734,
0.7789186835289001,
-0.7405214309692383,
1.851696252822876,
-0.04233652353286743,
-0.46978819370269775,
0.15630699694156647,
-0.20210115611553192,
0.08532720059156418,
1.1594655513763428,
-0.16284766793251038,
-2.028308391571045,
0.37384551763534546,
1.271127700805664,
0.05813918262720108,
-1.461287260055542,
-0.030755430459976196,
-0.2146931290626526,
0.5305346846580505,
-0.3430273234844208,
-0.21797937154769897,
0.594913125038147,
0.6004113554954529,
-0.28183063864707947,
0.13163694739341736,
-0.04716286063194275,
-0.7921301126480103,
0.382917195558548,
-0.264451801776886,
-0.29243195056915283,
0.07010778039693832,
-0.8630824685096741,
0.7668958902359009,
-0.23404014110565186,
0.42067384719848633,
0.12941874563694,
-0.9438862204551697,
0.7393248081207275,
0.8410339951515198,
0.5101491212844849,
-0.4058998227119446,
0.903473436832428,
1.3744206428527832,
-0.7485408782958984,
-0.5907593965530396,
-0.6283507347106934,
-0.562857985496521,
0.028971951454877853,
-0.6793488264083862,
0.903572678565979,
0.591478168964386,
0.013175509870052338,
-0.72304767370224,
-0.07337452471256256,
-0.03953002393245697,
1.0510138273239136,
0.2377290427684784,
-0.3111906349658966,
0.6712174415588379,
0.26511645317077637,
1.1542046070098877,
0.8088687658309937,
1.3070130348205566,
-0.3470221161842346,
0.12707164883613586,
0.7165226340293884,
0.39980676770210266,
1.1918816566467285,
0.45326584577560425,
0.4340531826019287,
-1.3167195320129395,
0.6341477632522583,
0.13811621069908142,
0.8504363298416138,
-1.0975838899612427,
-0.1872207373380661,
-0.6257951259613037,
0.6622352600097656,
2.683434247970581,
0.6098492741584778,
0.24102358520030975,
0.10890631377696991,
-0.44182059168815613,
-0.019212275743484497,
0.4971422851085663,
0.1003601998090744,
0.9135692715644836,
0.12119768559932709,
0.7459124326705933,
0.8775776624679565,
0.12354269623756409,
0.5620303750038147,
0.6555687189102173,
-0.3852737545967102,
0.8231145143508911,
1.5405434370040894,
0.9558391571044922,
-1.1684972047805786,
-0.4498208165168762
] |
|
do we, or could we, share oort cloud with alpha centauri? | with the oort cloud extending a light year and a halfish away, if the nearest star has one also, could they be shared/entwined somehow? | the shortest and simplest answer is that we just do not know if other stars have oort clouds. basically, there is no theoretical reason to believe that other stars do not have oort clouds or that oort clouds are particularly uncommon. but the objects of even the sun's oort cloud are extremely faint. hence the (similarly composed and sized) objects of oort clouds farther away would be even fainter, and so not detectable by our currently most powerful telescopes. [this article](_url_0_) on stackexchange provides a good, detailed response. | 40 | [] | [] | [
"http://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/7716/do-all-stars-have-an-oort-cloud-or-is-it-a-rare-occurance",
"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0309805"
] | [
0.5677621364593506,
1.4065521955490112,
0.3807506263256073,
0.537202000617981,
0.9752117395401001,
-2.038334608078003,
-0.3567074239253998,
-0.793583869934082,
1.280748963356018,
-1.2061532735824585,
-0.22063307464122772,
-0.44879016280174255,
-0.32617703080177307,
-2.3861145973205566,
0.8665902018547058,
-0.8743754625320435,
0.2501387596130371,
-0.9765798449516296,
-1.4442462921142578,
0.8569108843803406,
-0.9700561761856079,
-0.2943629026412964,
0.33115071058273315,
0.044503986835479736,
0.16238147020339966,
-0.20034657418727875,
-1.0493597984313965,
-0.06031405180692673,
-0.22641345858573914,
-1.0522276163101196,
-0.2343096137046814,
0.4355490207672119,
-1.9961514472961426,
-0.268541157245636,
0.5951496362686157,
-0.5641180872917175,
0.5667616128921509,
-0.6524498462677002,
-1.7935500144958496,
-0.2875441908836365,
-0.3346036672592163,
-0.4319661855697632,
-0.2698860764503479,
0.6026157140731812,
0.2959631085395813,
0.2973196804523468,
0.2896321415901184,
-0.8211336135864258,
-0.6276060342788696,
0.004079669713973999,
-1.6082652807235718,
-0.005973469465970993,
-0.8719832301139832,
-0.23755879700183868,
0.5397306084632874,
1.1287343502044678,
-0.7443272471427917,
-0.8157879114151001,
0.1703987568616867,
-0.3792349696159363,
-0.7583655714988708,
0.39516332745552063,
0.0753641128540039,
0.31494343280792236,
2.164076566696167,
-0.5579079985618591,
-1.0556089878082275,
-1.283495306968689,
-0.9944236278533936,
-0.30495184659957886,
-0.4371686279773712,
0.8633632063865662,
-2.1411588191986084,
-0.7314467430114746,
0.8087694644927979,
0.5326382517814636,
0.6919010877609253,
0.6678251028060913,
-0.06947347521781921,
0.02506554126739502,
0.17960943281650543,
-0.581342339515686,
-1.7603422403335571,
0.24795107543468475,
0.5660802125930786,
0.1096680536866188,
-0.2416907548904419,
0.7939724922180176,
0.7346347570419312,
-0.2716493308544159,
-0.9971390962600708,
-0.5536552667617798,
-1.7950705289840698,
0.5925464630126953,
0.3778620958328247,
0.4307674169540405,
1.2774665355682373,
-1.5491490364074707,
0.061001166701316833,
1.6198179721832275,
-1.1575230360031128,
0.4271398186683655,
-0.12519380450248718,
1.725733995437622,
-1.19669771194458,
0.3666384220123291,
1.1514590978622437,
0.6699442267417908,
0.14590264856815338,
-0.9116146564483643,
0.6043254137039185,
-1.5978151559829712,
0.3377477526664734,
-1.3003342151641846,
-0.7087322473526001,
-0.21577143669128418,
-0.694266676902771,
0.12332294881343842,
-1.972092628479004,
-1.8570818901062012,
0.04132956266403198,
1.126110315322876,
2.3730905055999756,
1.5113905668258667,
1.45537269115448,
0.25498032569885254,
0.07358691096305847,
0.811133623123169,
0.4471074342727661,
1.1722630262374878,
1.3667668104171753,
-1.0722198486328125,
0.9288855195045471,
0.13636258244514465,
-0.2584422826766968,
0.7445844411849976,
1.3551626205444336,
-1.2075228691101074,
-1.5532433986663818,
1.2416036128997803,
0.3941477835178375,
0.03787533938884735,
1.474046230316162,
-0.21474608778953552,
1.536529541015625,
1.4740437269210815,
0.26579007506370544,
-0.07452122867107391,
0.6408140063285828,
-0.36451661586761475,
-1.24784517288208,
-1.8276357650756836,
0.3590116500854492,
0.4554435610771179,
-0.01561911404132843,
0.8589650392532349,
0.12291217595338821,
0.5991945266723633,
0.572310209274292,
0.24281655251979828,
0.6161945462226868,
0.43705660104751587,
-0.30784937739372253,
0.6507429480552673,
-1.675037145614624,
0.6313295364379883,
-0.8568284511566162,
-0.2736230492591858,
-0.4607924818992615,
1.462815761566162,
-0.6723508834838867,
-0.09725695848464966,
0.8786826133728027,
-0.4848947823047638,
1.166190505027771,
-0.8086004257202148,
-0.9251189231872559,
1.5108883380889893,
0.655802845954895,
1.0176409482955933,
-1.7558237314224243,
0.23670117557048798,
2.7648417949676514,
0.5595358610153198,
-0.14969682693481445,
0.6554090976715088,
0.1777586042881012,
1.1231591701507568,
-0.1096884161233902,
-0.05504658818244934,
-0.5180115103721619,
-0.4893924295902252,
-0.4312911331653595,
0.7876381278038025,
0.36241233348846436,
0.8302583694458008,
-1.637707233428955,
-1.4309204816818237,
1.0077543258666992,
0.6117796897888184,
-0.5104390978813171,
-1.7028350830078125,
2.0720911026000977,
-0.3492282032966614,
0.7242435216903687,
-0.7891348004341125,
0.5100473761558533,
0.8826002478599548,
-1.0172101259231567,
0.24151885509490967,
0.23762977123260498,
-1.4844738245010376,
-1.7653456926345825,
0.2456682026386261,
0.3515866696834564,
1.8927695751190186,
-0.8735775947570801,
-2.3495912551879883,
0.20461072027683258,
0.3586254119873047,
0.16934968531131744,
-2.0029687881469727,
-0.9352936744689941,
-1.4291868209838867,
0.214721217751503,
-1.4904872179031372,
-0.46935784816741943,
0.5297760367393494,
0.02792838215827942,
1.4101030826568604,
1.2045167684555054,
0.51121985912323,
-0.26571905612945557,
0.6860630512237549,
-0.2906600832939148,
-0.29822027683258057,
-0.1941547989845276,
-1.7492071390151978,
0.3882122039794922,
-1.8461363315582275,
-0.9859840869903564,
0.9125776290893555,
0.14639562368392944,
0.9776788353919983,
0.1335124671459198,
0.20923860371112823,
0.020419403910636902,
-1.9500123262405396,
-0.16498500108718872,
1.4546124935150146,
0.5017068386077881,
1.014067530632019,
-1.4853062629699707,
-0.3038743734359741,
0.1762116551399231,
0.8253324627876282,
-0.03095605969429016,
0.3392714858055115,
0.7683956623077393,
2.1885666847229004,
0.8464816808700562,
-1.0676054954528809,
-0.7901993989944458,
-1.1795505285263062,
-0.8989516496658325,
0.9632415771484375,
0.32590746879577637,
1.2529304027557373,
-0.8810818791389465,
1.0399413108825684,
-0.7071197628974915,
0.8028064370155334,
0.8321688771247864,
-0.5331237316131592,
0.37313753366470337,
0.3558872938156128,
-0.6393072009086609,
-0.3398933410644531,
0.47341132164001465,
-0.31288301944732666,
-0.5948005318641663,
-0.04530137777328491,
0.5455957055091858,
-0.8719932436943054,
0.9378485679626465,
-1.2607827186584473,
-0.5472948551177979,
0.3659282326698303,
0.5522133111953735,
0.17919085919857025,
0.9473071694374084,
2.7327702045440674,
-0.24699357151985168,
0.3394894003868103,
1.00075101852417,
-1.5113626718521118,
-1.3499751091003418,
0.36900174617767334,
0.6662576794624329,
0.6565650701522827,
0.4745334982872009,
-0.0678066611289978,
-1.0878239870071411,
0.6955654621124268,
-1.0766427516937256,
-0.6225023865699768,
-0.09504127502441406,
0.7825500965118408,
1.6429319381713867,
-0.6291359663009644,
-1.9458985328674316,
-3.091322422027588,
0.26601287722587585,
2.4126555919647217,
-1.784482717514038,
0.7903130054473877,
0.31675785779953003,
1.689171552658081,
1.390633225440979,
0.31827548146247864,
0.4248143434524536,
0.4969291090965271,
-0.2606762945652008,
0.04620486497879028,
-0.019278928637504578,
-0.8893090486526489,
0.15415191650390625,
0.13254506886005402,
-0.7358750104904175,
0.6055730581283569,
-0.36707937717437744,
0.18153506517410278,
0.21526598930358887,
-0.23810622096061707,
0.6880844235420227,
0.4154835641384125,
-0.00549297034740448,
-1.659916639328003,
-0.7817342281341553,
0.4546002149581909,
-0.8508709073066711,
2.269850254058838,
-0.4547470211982727,
-0.8571891784667969,
1.0653038024902344,
0.26555582880973816,
-0.44121992588043213,
-0.4128800630569458,
-0.5638097524642944,
0.27793392539024353,
-0.3498702943325043,
0.8367142081260681,
0.6495254039764404,
-0.6640501618385315,
-0.06223228573799133,
-0.5728384256362915,
0.09189112484455109,
1.2526856660842896,
0.9916949272155762,
0.4226011037826538,
0.4067513942718506,
1.430263638496399,
0.5356199741363525,
1.0216219425201416,
-0.37805914878845215,
1.608497142791748,
-0.2579500675201416,
-0.5601584911346436,
-0.9042378067970276,
0.9848234057426453,
0.3410690426826477,
0.4888497591018677,
-0.22090011835098267,
-1.4377939701080322,
-1.910892128944397,
-0.4206542372703552,
-0.563143789768219,
-1.119955062866211,
-0.19617228209972382,
-0.22878101468086243,
1.4527852535247803,
0.40593966841697693,
0.11329632997512817,
1.1440941095352173
] |
at what rate are we experiencing time, relative to cmbr? | this was really tricky to put succinctly in the title. i did a search but didn't quite find what i was looking for. okay, so from what i've read we're hurtling through the universe at 370 kilometers per second relative to cmbr and from what i understand time moves slower the closer you get to the speed of light. so, given that we're moving, how slowly are we experiencing time, relative to an observer who is stationary to cmbr? | t'=t/sqrt(1-(v^2 /c^2 )). so for a v of 370,000 m/s, that gives a rate of 1.000000760556423223785 seconds in our frame for every second in the "stationary" frame. so, time in our frame is passing at 99.9999239% the rate of the cmb stationary frame. note: that is with respect to an observer in the cmb frame. in our frame, it's the cmb frame that is moving through time slower (hence, relativity), by the exact same amount. | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.08357061445713043,
-0.016784846782684326,
-0.6120724678039551,
0.460112988948822,
-0.15902508795261383,
0.03765365481376648,
-0.1041802167892456,
0.8026955723762512,
1.8940513134002686,
-1.3576182126998901,
0.4692387282848358,
0.500565230846405,
0.3972052335739136,
0.21642088890075684,
-1.8805657625198364,
-0.6604399681091309,
0.2095193862915039,
-0.2200806736946106,
-1.225778341293335,
-0.5229886174201965,
-0.25508618354797363,
-0.5981432199478149,
-0.6765761375427246,
0.7707822322845459,
-0.21660704910755157,
0.5704050064086914,
-1.0987508296966553,
-0.0016455650329589844,
0.8654530048370361,
0.3817698359489441,
0.41596388816833496,
-0.45933759212493896,
1.3434805870056152,
-0.6206082105636597,
-0.5680301189422607,
0.1687745749950409,
0.653637170791626,
0.5128499865531921,
-0.4244386553764343,
0.3353288173675537,
0.28388074040412903,
1.0978347063064575,
0.8553845882415771,
0.7906234860420227,
0.0909050852060318,
1.629427194595337,
-0.4234434962272644,
1.5460946559906006,
-0.6440141201019287,
1.085265040397644,
-0.9106677770614624,
1.3050060272216797,
0.3303096890449524,
-0.02408197522163391,
-0.4032825827598572,
1.6474058628082275,
1.560476541519165,
-1.8901124000549316,
0.5824205279350281,
-0.47156694531440735,
0.23548629879951477,
0.3739160895347595,
-1.1375125646591187,
0.25198376178741455,
1.4088853597640991,
-0.5741974711418152,
0.1921115517616272,
-1.2789584398269653,
-0.6589560508728027,
0.615588903427124,
-0.6239548921585083,
0.3823075592517853,
0.11274784803390503,
-0.3631408214569092,
0.30068692564964294,
-1.5874130725860596,
0.1553928554058075,
0.7143425941467285,
-0.10169936716556549,
-0.6645463705062866,
1.3392027616500854,
-1.8246997594833374,
-0.9515663385391235,
-0.5186415910720825,
0.2205882966518402,
-0.18668334186077118,
0.5326801538467407,
1.486642837524414,
0.9298253059387207,
-0.8675712943077087,
-0.4841877818107605,
0.1633005440235138,
-1.3600969314575195,
-0.07489919662475586,
0.11158199608325958,
0.3788197636604309,
-0.6367194056510925,
0.8240314722061157,
1.6595032215118408,
1.0845097303390503,
-1.0404179096221924,
-1.2818427085876465,
-2.1583433151245117,
1.4102182388305664,
-0.5197480916976929,
-0.9981251955032349,
-1.0629416704177856,
0.7678916454315186,
0.4017126262187958,
0.4559769034385681,
0.6951528787612915,
-0.4095895290374756,
0.2109152227640152,
0.33438318967819214,
0.31557053327560425,
-0.9848026633262634,
0.6691240072250366,
0.5333327651023865,
0.23481811583042145,
-0.28872552514076233,
-0.3061806261539459,
-0.8932033777236938,
-1.4065855741500854,
-0.9519908428192139,
0.009223982691764832,
-0.2238636463880539,
1.1151493787765503,
-0.05493871867656708,
-1.0952198505401611,
-0.9919739961624146,
1.826573133468628,
-1.3855409622192383,
-0.9581082463264465,
-0.35162118077278137,
-1.179575800895691,
0.7726428508758545,
2.0844807624816895,
0.42112210392951965,
0.35627299547195435,
-0.6326406002044678,
0.689694881439209,
0.5296751260757446,
0.1736707091331482,
-0.30008459091186523,
0.6132911443710327,
1.5645709037780762,
0.11066323518753052,
-0.4859238266944885,
0.1894848346710205,
-1.4419273138046265,
-0.7709808945655823,
0.023768894374370575,
0.7278839349746704,
0.16735389828681946,
0.28342634439468384,
0.458892285823822,
0.1887522041797638,
-0.3847181797027588,
-0.43842649459838867,
0.573369562625885,
-0.8342288136482239,
1.4372774362564087,
0.5319476127624512,
-0.6909266114234924,
0.7129879593849182,
1.2487218379974365,
2.051018714904785,
-1.1239750385284424,
0.05454547703266144,
1.4304518699645996,
0.6053333282470703,
-1.7061867713928223,
-1.0379012823104858,
-0.5712466835975647,
-0.16402195394039154,
1.2010509967803955,
-0.7998583316802979,
0.8931331038475037,
-0.135297030210495,
0.7998271584510803,
0.2235584557056427,
-0.10507924109697342,
1.8811938762664795,
0.5431687235832214,
0.2771487832069397,
-0.23024965822696686,
0.6453577280044556,
1.2978359460830688,
-0.8808884620666504,
-0.4171827733516693,
1.0391920804977417,
-1.039374828338623,
-0.09793251752853394,
0.7659893035888672,
-0.5864353775978088,
-0.5107823014259338,
0.5531473755836487,
1.1490747928619385,
-0.10323977470397949,
0.9289302229881287,
-0.8426382541656494,
-0.07441473007202148,
1.2327136993408203,
-0.4738525152206421,
1.8325775861740112,
1.0895799398422241,
-0.7443945407867432,
-0.32892635464668274,
-1.1660939455032349,
1.2233171463012695,
0.05332323908805847,
-1.3754466772079468,
0.5264894962310791,
-0.18466907739639282,
-0.38420647382736206,
0.3870464563369751,
-1.3066959381103516,
-0.8061809539794922,
-0.14348341524600983,
-0.14975711703300476,
-0.08394235372543335,
0.7133545279502869,
-1.0675468444824219,
-1.010256052017212,
-0.4422224164009094,
-0.23261691629886627,
-0.19485369324684143,
0.8383297324180603,
0.3413468897342682,
-0.5621188282966614,
0.09614303708076477,
1.1608601808547974,
0.37411943078041077,
0.213675856590271,
0.5421165227890015,
-1.5493615865707397,
-2.326446771621704,
0.8660959601402283,
0.3482518792152405,
-0.569713294506073,
1.1861332654953003,
-0.7268000841140747,
0.10308957099914551,
-0.4536517560482025,
1.7815048694610596,
-0.47894516587257385,
0.3103954792022705,
-0.8705176711082458,
1.5778160095214844,
-0.21276086568832397,
-0.18729153275489807,
-0.44989004731178284,
-0.970394492149353,
-0.8544846773147583,
-1.1847248077392578,
-0.898626446723938,
1.083378553390503,
-0.18182151019573212,
-0.6962481737136841,
-1.5281379222869873,
1.2845690250396729,
0.15369361639022827,
0.3686635196208954,
0.4997023046016693,
0.6298933029174805,
1.585195779800415,
1.0647633075714111,
0.13686764240264893,
-0.07090108096599579,
-0.19104668498039246,
0.3725447356700897,
-0.02005837857723236,
-0.35018616914749146,
-0.3258014917373657,
-0.35831135511398315,
-1.1910455226898193,
0.584755539894104,
0.8311303853988647,
-1.9408438205718994,
0.416358083486557,
-0.36279216408729553,
0.31569981575012207,
0.7841903567314148,
-0.5896652936935425,
0.5724908709526062,
-1.3217411041259766,
-0.5569284558296204,
0.004767626523971558,
0.28677496314048767,
-0.005995213985443115,
-0.02182765305042267,
1.1069293022155762,
0.09561240673065186,
0.05401847884058952,
-0.15730485320091248,
0.9246087074279785,
-0.8200125098228455,
1.0168871879577637,
-0.2666328251361847,
-0.48383986949920654,
1.080489993095398,
-0.25678741931915283,
0.42249101400375366,
0.19293354451656342,
-1.2504397630691528,
0.03198612481355667,
1.6318886280059814,
0.8184560537338257,
-0.32283538579940796,
-0.4115069806575775,
-1.088459849357605,
-0.44353121519088745,
0.1520422399044037,
0.7932398915290833,
-1.1749082803726196,
1.8938164710998535,
0.6504640579223633,
0.19396370649337769,
-0.5285394191741943,
0.31977295875549316,
-0.8566786050796509,
-0.38870054483413696,
-1.5998495817184448,
-1.0138605833053589,
0.7330538034439087,
0.7972915172576904,
0.8701729774475098,
-0.3885766267776489,
-0.7965543866157532,
-0.4500195384025574,
1.0435718297958374,
-1.1089792251586914,
1.0109609365463257,
-0.4613862931728363,
-0.09014879167079926,
-0.9654671549797058,
-0.585070013999939,
-1.507117748260498,
-0.5534493327140808,
0.16168686747550964,
0.3287680149078369,
-0.5623779892921448,
1.1375645399093628,
0.6987606287002563,
-0.5316763520240784,
0.5396103262901306,
-0.7413052916526794,
1.8960849046707153,
0.021799832582473755,
-1.0385167598724365,
-0.989723801612854,
0.6584316492080688,
0.9660234451293945,
-0.2650841772556305,
-0.6120932102203369,
-1.016992449760437,
-0.8174152374267578,
0.7686246037483215,
0.48909056186676025,
0.3560083508491516,
-0.01934102177619934,
-0.5965383648872375,
-0.7340326309204102,
0.9201170802116394,
1.404148817062378,
-0.5153923630714417,
-0.8727505207061768,
-0.6463976502418518,
-0.6379145979881287,
-0.5689971446990967,
0.17316940426826477,
1.6107338666915894,
1.1143131256103516,
-1.0567981004714966,
1.2094686031341553,
-1.9419574737548828,
0.196874737739563,
-0.9456804990768433,
-1.5471737384796143,
-0.40250658988952637,
0.17540094256401062,
0.2534235119819641,
-0.4812813699245453,
-0.05517973750829697
] |
is there any scientific evidence for the existence of chakras or chi energy? | coming from someone familiar with human anatomy and a life long martial arts practitioner, here are my thoughts... this is the kind of question that is very difficult to answer scientifically. what i **can** say is that mystical points on the body like acupuncture points or chakras do not correspond to any anatomical features (some might by coincidence, but not generally). in other words, there is no reason to think that these points would translate to any biological effects. the concept of chi is a little different, but if there is a mysterious force or energy that flows through living things, what is it? why hasn't physics discovered it? how does it interact with human beings to influence us? at what point does anatomy and physiology control the response (as surely it must if it is real)? what structures in our body sense the force? we have no evidence for such a mysterious force, no data supporting our body's ability to respond to it...which is not to say it cannot exist -- but it is implausible. there is a plethora of studies that look into possible health effects of manipulating these energies, etc. all of the good, large, well controlled studies show no beneficial effects beyond placebo. a lot of believers will respond by saying things like "well, science doesn't know how to study these forces" but that is nonsense. science is all about studying the unknown and right now there is no well-gathered scientific evidence from any of the major disciplines that supports the existence of these concepts. i would really encourage you to read more about these by googling "chakras" or "chi" followed by the word "skeptic." see what the data has to say. it is really important not to stop at the first positive thing you read, though. and lend no credit to anecdotes! survey a good portion of the literature and decide from there. these concepts fall mainly in the realm of faith and not physical reality. i'm really glad that your question is phrased open-mindedly, though. [check out brian dunning's article on mysterious energies](_url_0_) *edit - spelling | 9 | [] | [] | [
"http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4002"
] | [
-4.0422444343566895,
-0.608012318611145,
-0.0030107498168945312,
3.295715570449829,
-1.6803553104400635,
-3.424246072769165,
0.4112212359905243,
-1.1037598848342896,
5.9061279296875,
-0.13509806990623474,
4.9399614334106445,
-2.9112017154693604,
0.3060222566127777,
0.4529241919517517,
0.7584975361824036,
-2.819671869277954,
-0.07896873354911804,
-1.8481254577636719,
-5.149525165557861,
4.0236897468566895,
0.0875697135925293,
2.5314910411834717,
2.302487850189209,
-0.6029708981513977,
-4.043642997741699,
-1.5488297939300537,
-0.41358301043510437,
-1.3378756046295166,
-2.0346453189849854,
-0.7626808881759644,
-1.829379916191101,
1.770857810974121,
-1.877104640007019,
-0.6133751273155212,
-0.3643914759159088,
2.2828152179718018,
0.8869428634643555,
-0.2399209439754486,
0.7377433180809021,
-0.25592172145843506,
-1.4523788690567017,
-0.8956331610679626,
0.15995818376541138,
4.019678592681885,
2.4519453048706055,
4.3346052169799805,
1.1434894800186157,
-1.1765720844268799,
-3.1995017528533936,
-1.6457782983779907,
-4.644585132598877,
1.500999927520752,
-3.6243677139282227,
1.266442894935608,
0.10954108834266663,
-0.19163848459720612,
-0.43000543117523193,
-1.2729634046554565,
0.1690433770418167,
-1.467942476272583,
-0.38510364294052124,
1.0942946672439575,
-0.9971573352813721,
2.656407594680786,
5.331411838531494,
0.392794668674469,
-0.0945495218038559,
0.17227160930633545,
0.6858306527137756,
3.541278600692749,
3.4624223709106445,
0.8626872301101685,
0.31657010316848755,
2.190186023712158,
0.582042932510376,
-2.4851913452148438,
-2.3634767532348633,
1.8437461853027344,
-1.6464382410049438,
-1.9175676107406616,
2.5032107830047607,
-0.5869382619857788,
-0.012859314680099487,
2.7165274620056152,
-2.5589547157287598,
4.013458728790283,
1.997175693511963,
0.512778639793396,
-2.429353713989258,
2.2706356048583984,
-2.367464542388916,
-1.2781161069869995,
1.066349983215332,
-1.2083269357681274,
-0.47239387035369873,
2.1050527095794678,
-1.6406567096710205,
-1.921831727027893,
0.5421047806739807,
-0.7962849736213684,
-2.892080068588257,
4.1659836769104,
-2.74947190284729,
1.524584174156189,
-0.43457818031311035,
-1.7032525539398193,
-1.4225629568099976,
0.09510527551174164,
1.293670415878296,
1.8308022022247314,
-1.9922938346862793,
-3.649252414703369,
-1.853813648223877,
-2.559128761291504,
-0.00524061918258667,
-0.781044065952301,
1.110563039779663,
-0.6608157157897949,
-1.8135343790054321,
-2.2011547088623047,
-0.51437908411026,
-2.5761559009552,
1.1299667358398438,
1.2637214660644531,
2.8166134357452393,
-2.050133466720581,
-3.9944050312042236,
2.529709577560425,
1.8191758394241333,
0.2219615876674652,
4.374277114868164,
-2.8660454750061035,
-1.1562044620513916,
0.049117445945739746,
-1.5771348476409912,
-3.1439404487609863,
4.7180399894714355,
0.3558315336704254,
-2.0044705867767334,
4.053554534912109,
2.3388102054595947,
1.7708827257156372,
1.2577605247497559,
0.7218103408813477,
-1.8424503803253174,
1.6406795978546143,
1.1879994869232178,
-2.09586763381958,
1.486909031867981,
0.6458703875541687,
-1.7610009908676147,
-1.829079270362854,
1.088751196861267,
-1.0862963199615479,
-1.3928505182266235,
-0.4128737449645996,
0.01607641577720642,
-0.8623255491256714,
-2.2571749687194824,
0.6326149106025696,
-2.3622920513153076,
0.8515818119049072,
-0.7046121954917908,
3.126887559890747,
2.7433359622955322,
-1.618675947189331,
-0.55927574634552,
-1.837897539138794,
4.128833293914795,
-0.2244785577058792,
0.1811048686504364,
-0.28515034914016724,
2.838245153427124,
0.6164820194244385,
0.3832947313785553,
-1.1302508115768433,
-6.3286590576171875,
-2.634718656539917,
-0.2999812066555023,
5.057546615600586,
3.7224183082580566,
-2.6458003520965576,
2.2843055725097656,
2.0195627212524414,
-1.59116530418396,
0.8745115995407104,
-2.4680850505828857,
0.17111462354660034,
0.3255806565284729,
0.2325020730495453,
0.3602285385131836,
-0.6792316436767578,
0.583628237247467,
1.2788567543029785,
-3.6774816513061523,
-0.0034189373254776,
0.5878185033798218,
-0.7936092019081116,
-5.026153087615967,
-0.4461953043937683,
-4.6621246337890625,
-1.9676024913787842,
0.5542539954185486,
-2.3267457485198975,
-0.43246495723724365,
-2.1349053382873535,
2.0005083084106445,
1.3371974229812622,
-2.223633289337158,
0.5853683948516846,
-2.284388542175293,
-1.1712760925292969,
-1.6946513652801514,
1.3156347274780273,
0.42703598737716675,
1.297393560409546,
-2.1053948402404785,
-2.428823471069336,
0.23049184679985046,
1.1886115074157715,
-0.6318768262863159,
-3.0723941326141357,
-1.6739948987960815,
-3.357086181640625,
-2.033967971801758,
-3.2329087257385254,
-3.4054410457611084,
5.268206596374512,
-0.8643338084220886,
1.2679646015167236,
0.6407839059829712,
0.43622854351997375,
3.4420008659362793,
2.049558162689209,
0.3281410336494446,
-0.8719072937965393,
0.8353396058082581,
-1.600767970085144,
0.35168713331222534,
-2.534104824066162,
-4.778845310211182,
1.1699424982070923,
-2.4395062923431396,
2.157089948654175,
0.08418238162994385,
1.6411824226379395,
2.1892387866973877,
-0.5159894227981567,
1.5068873167037964,
4.763044357299805,
0.5480563640594482,
-2.103590488433838,
0.10499224066734314,
1.7218637466430664,
0.8463362455368042,
2.6243629455566406,
-1.9651827812194824,
-2.2842726707458496,
-0.29319489002227783,
4.169770240783691,
2.689383029937744,
1.664036750793457,
-0.2753622233867645,
-4.269562721252441,
2.4336466789245605,
4.178430557250977,
1.0947608947753906,
1.5033248662948608,
-2.1066017150878906,
0.347084105014801,
-0.1285700649023056,
-0.20555561780929565,
-0.2268213927745819,
-2.182072639465332,
4.081356048583984,
-1.138576865196228,
0.10427005589008331,
-4.152651309967041,
0.15616293251514435,
-1.9420006275177002,
-0.5004063844680786,
-7.419875144958496,
1.3519221544265747,
2.1693027019500732,
2.668973207473755,
0.5267654657363892,
-2.4226431846618652,
-0.6546797752380371,
0.8203433752059937,
0.5335438847541809,
0.11576414108276367,
6.725889682769775,
0.7485558986663818,
-1.0225909948349,
5.4353461265563965,
-1.647782802581787,
-1.8372879028320312,
-1.8631092309951782,
1.61293625831604,
3.2733206748962402,
-0.8530842661857605,
-4.470344543457031,
-2.567896842956543,
-0.027090437710285187,
0.4964461326599121,
-0.7043277621269226,
1.3448649644851685,
0.9753869771957397,
1.797055959701538,
-0.11551523208618164,
-5.846499443054199,
0.7228198647499084,
2.4668970108032227,
2.3265504837036133,
-1.9350323677062988,
-0.22702264785766602,
-2.2939553260803223,
2.4491424560546875,
-1.7643122673034668,
2.0043349266052246,
2.614868640899658,
-0.42541712522506714,
2.342876434326172,
1.6720268726348877,
-2.1594855785369873,
1.277564287185669,
2.395829677581787,
-2.0650832653045654,
-2.5167934894561768,
0.8206732869148254,
-5.176194667816162,
3.562035322189331,
1.3620725870132446,
1.3855793476104736,
2.3171963691711426,
2.956829071044922,
1.4438796043395996,
-2.070262908935547,
-2.0754804611206055,
0.2969064712524414,
1.8916290998458862,
-0.052724387496709824,
1.1988718509674072,
1.1544609069824219,
-0.33380335569381714,
0.003747105598449707,
0.22658580541610718,
0.9106496572494507,
-4.918140888214111,
1.6352159976959229,
0.5947819948196411,
3.073208808898926,
-0.25018930435180664,
1.952994704246521,
3.029909133911133,
-4.096394062042236,
-2.7596182823181152,
0.3801926374435425,
-0.405292809009552,
-1.160387396812439,
-0.7962628602981567,
0.3010122776031494,
-0.37285053730010986,
6.539651870727539,
-2.9407198429107666,
2.9841790199279785,
-0.5392876863479614,
-1.865225076675415,
-2.2515158653259277,
2.084520101547241,
1.650059700012207,
1.7617461681365967,
0.4580296277999878,
-4.445996284484863,
-1.5089638233184814,
2.5842044353485107,
0.6434796452522278,
1.9125155210494995,
-4.863462924957275,
1.4514168500900269,
4.808567523956299,
1.8638988733291626,
4.219583034515381,
0.8511656522750854
] |
|
how many different types fields and particles are there? | to my very limited and basic knowledge of particle physics particles are physical manifestations of "fields" that are excited (please feel very free to correct and educate me on this matter). i know the basic ones like photons correspond to electromagnetic fields and gravitons (are they real?) correspond to gravitational fields, but i was wondering what are the other types of fields and particles out there? | off the top of my head, using the most generous counting, i can think of 58 quantum fields directly included in the standard model: - (6) left-handed and right-handed electron, muon, and tau lepton - (3) left-handed electron, muon, and tau neutrinos - (36) left-handed and right-handed quarks of six flavors (down, up, strange, charm, bottom, top) and three colors (red, green, blue) - (4) electroweak bosons (w+, w-, z, photon) - (8) gluons of all non-singlet combinations of two of the three colors - (1) higgs field i think it's considered likely that there are 3 additional right-handed neutrino fields, although that's not actually confirmed yet. plus there's a gravity field, corresponding to the (hypothetical) graviton, but that's not part of the standard model. and of course there is the possibility of multiple higgs fields. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.0671660900115967,
-1.2670016288757324,
-0.3637007176876068,
0.36663246154785156,
-0.6963433027267456,
-0.828362226486206,
0.4753667712211609,
-2.64509916305542,
0.4036532938480377,
-0.9730324745178223,
-0.0883711576461792,
-0.6588725447654724,
0.2970127761363983,
-0.5827112197875977,
1.539027452468872,
1.6837204694747925,
-2.453603744506836,
0.8890067934989929,
-1.7226916551589966,
0.15319311618804932,
-0.4036833643913269,
-0.8408780097961426,
-1.6719915866851807,
0.0935664176940918,
-0.6327698826789856,
-0.3906104266643524,
-0.028560053557157516,
0.3107801675796509,
-0.2051180601119995,
-1.795798659324646,
0.8942102789878845,
2.534060478210449,
0.29217249155044556,
0.4670402705669403,
-2.0125482082366943,
0.3999711871147156,
-0.02994212508201599,
0.38971030712127686,
0.8637049794197083,
1.0878340005874634,
-0.4857228398323059,
0.28810930252075195,
2.3625965118408203,
0.8159652352333069,
-0.10994081199169159,
0.9131577014923096,
-1.343355417251587,
1.0329229831695557,
-1.0484706163406372,
0.1618298590183258,
0.06904420256614685,
0.8120343089103699,
-1.7789802551269531,
0.6969387531280518,
-0.8333246111869812,
0.21189309656620026,
-0.5600108504295349,
-3.0133087635040283,
-0.20712777972221375,
-0.8801223039627075,
-0.7945170402526855,
0.6364970207214355,
-0.9700281620025635,
1.4011890888214111,
0.26893043518066406,
-0.14897166192531586,
0.04770549386739731,
-1.234763741493225,
1.4276111125946045,
3.0882368087768555,
1.9667394161224365,
0.662753701210022,
-1.3752098083496094,
-0.5666147470474243,
0.8012245297431946,
2.069362163543701,
0.9929040670394897,
0.9737560153007507,
0.6813801527023315,
-0.3978668749332428,
-0.049846626818180084,
-1.4486732482910156,
1.0293567180633545,
-0.926234245300293,
1.008448600769043,
1.1343023777008057,
0.7320330739021301,
0.030851498246192932,
-0.32929468154907227,
-0.3592066764831543,
0.8152177929878235,
-2.7771005630493164,
-0.3887881934642792,
-1.1589858531951904,
-1.3830617666244507,
3.672618865966797,
1.8445298671722412,
-1.759743332862854,
-0.044981345534324646,
0.8621808290481567,
-1.030572533607483,
-0.6700936555862427,
-1.4247024059295654,
0.5150238275527954,
-0.08084143698215485,
-0.5879994034767151,
0.11084167659282684,
0.6643381714820862,
-0.09325733780860901,
-0.09766155481338501,
1.5345864295959473,
-1.6219292879104614,
0.2677012085914612,
-1.1061286926269531,
-1.2808399200439453,
-1.730527400970459,
1.0043470859527588,
1.7862721681594849,
1.2800562381744385,
0.2009383738040924,
-0.9909936189651489,
0.16675882041454315,
1.5821419954299927,
-0.5889525413513184,
2.145726203918457,
1.4883861541748047,
-0.6084297299385071,
0.9863846302032471,
1.2014540433883667,
-0.26642656326293945,
2.6234891414642334,
-0.7689737677574158,
-0.8341390490531921,
1.3228964805603027,
-1.8141847848892212,
-1.1642446517944336,
0.31455984711647034,
0.4453391432762146,
-1.5448410511016846,
2.5232977867126465,
-0.07632423937320709,
0.3538859188556671,
0.6354032754898071,
-0.40050193667411804,
0.5905065536499023,
-0.3270927667617798,
-0.9957877397537231,
-1.0773649215698242,
-1.1865110397338867,
1.580808401107788,
-2.163287401199341,
-0.21035444736480713,
-0.1985732913017273,
0.07186123728752136,
1.0355279445648193,
0.7968093752861023,
-1.2563384771347046,
-0.37481141090393066,
-0.7387493252754211,
1.5289047956466675,
0.25956442952156067,
2.200812816619873,
0.5203272700309753,
2.3742990493774414,
-0.5777503848075867,
0.7616144418716431,
0.8815239071846008,
-0.01976213976740837,
2.2592461109161377,
1.3999966382980347,
-0.3335735499858856,
-0.2046995759010315,
-0.17646582424640656,
-0.823453426361084,
-0.07500749826431274,
-1.0408594608306885,
-1.597343921661377,
0.1899116188287735,
-0.4165450930595398,
1.8977911472320557,
-0.08472825586795807,
-0.511364221572876,
2.4362709522247314,
0.08365699648857117,
0.10812166333198547,
2.6372807025909424,
1.736602544784546,
0.7865288257598877,
-0.7095178365707397,
-0.6971064209938049,
0.353793203830719,
0.2596367597579956,
0.2279050350189209,
1.0858752727508545,
-1.1152015924453735,
-1.647768259048462,
-0.7789694666862488,
0.1366937756538391,
-0.30786633491516113,
0.9588462114334106,
-0.44841670989990234,
-0.30794134736061096,
1.269010066986084,
-0.10961547493934631,
0.14216600358486176,
-2.0934572219848633,
0.7382334470748901,
0.1048470139503479,
-1.912657380104065,
0.7312389612197876,
-1.733510136604309,
-0.9637552499771118,
-0.5079132318496704,
0.3513132333755493,
-1.2786006927490234,
-0.5236924886703491,
1.0030934810638428,
-4.5638275146484375,
-0.9287781715393066,
0.8262507915496826,
0.08625313639640808,
-2.3546643257141113,
-2.0420355796813965,
-2.280852794647217,
-2.008371353149414,
-0.9768080711364746,
-0.7488679885864258,
2.0872154235839844,
0.32477647066116333,
1.1921348571777344,
0.6161203980445862,
-0.05832304060459137,
0.8549286127090454,
2.717756748199463,
1.2620185613632202,
0.14984667301177979,
-2.1941757202148438,
-1.7037675380706787,
1.4813339710235596,
0.5385689735412598,
-2.16467022895813,
0.21648229658603668,
1.2247079610824585,
0.7679466009140015,
-0.644513726234436,
0.7770751714706421,
-0.05493232607841492,
-0.16528725624084473,
-1.4892122745513916,
0.5818526744842529,
0.2111048847436905,
-1.3380963802337646,
0.46522629261016846,
2.131243944168091,
1.4689741134643555,
-0.38374900817871094,
0.9264181852340698,
1.3821372985839844,
0.23942087590694427,
-1.5777251720428467,
2.1500425338745117,
0.9349370002746582,
0.049260541796684265,
0.14945942163467407,
-0.7276078462600708,
2.4681501388549805,
2.3976151943206787,
3.3685407638549805,
0.5486916303634644,
-0.5873569846153259,
-0.35074108839035034,
2.375554084777832,
0.10464464128017426,
-0.8021546006202698,
-0.8102292418479919,
-1.83991539478302,
-2.0833616256713867,
-1.091494083404541,
-2.1408679485321045,
-2.2425198554992676,
-1.6768078804016113,
-0.4952315390110016,
0.05244419351220131,
0.40000131726264954,
-1.0920902490615845,
-1.2345619201660156,
1.214226484298706,
-1.5884252786636353,
1.2363853454589844,
0.16666144132614136,
-1.3648386001586914,
2.4217145442962646,
-1.177588701248169,
-0.9340676069259644,
-0.913096010684967,
0.08602863550186157,
0.015006497502326965,
-0.7379973530769348,
-0.3822703957557678,
0.9530010223388672,
2.3672597408294678,
-0.05183517932891846,
-0.08969880640506744,
-0.33909207582473755,
-0.4007611870765686,
0.2016134113073349,
0.3070516288280487,
1.5224757194519043,
0.27856457233428955,
-0.7656854391098022,
-2.6400222778320312,
-0.9784102439880371,
1.8193597793579102,
0.7048077583312988,
-0.4617653787136078,
1.332230567932129,
2.4895989894866943,
2.972611427307129,
1.5847755670547485,
-0.19757786393165588,
0.7262181043624878,
-0.10196812450885773,
-0.6072266697883606,
0.9933355450630188,
-0.46347346901893616,
2.2963430881500244,
0.20535343885421753,
-2.8028924465179443,
1.6581978797912598,
1.5941330194473267,
1.4043086767196655,
1.669269323348999,
-1.677541971206665,
-2.072282075881958,
2.0803706645965576,
1.7926416397094727,
-1.833512306213379,
-0.9104791283607483,
-0.978473961353302,
1.6219563484191895,
0.16409943997859955,
1.7986667156219482,
2.2046985626220703,
0.35732775926589966,
-0.7042345404624939,
-1.0043648481369019,
-0.64678955078125,
-0.8935582637786865,
-1.7349308729171753,
0.19307464361190796,
-1.8096040487289429,
1.2820240259170532,
0.04069427400827408,
0.649249792098999,
1.275468349456787,
-0.8249607682228088,
-2.202763080596924,
0.4336242973804474,
1.1319186687469482,
0.31507188081741333,
-2.391021251678467,
-1.5376225709915161,
-1.8626309633255005,
1.9641003608703613,
-0.6351573467254639,
-0.9872187376022339,
-0.363677054643631,
-0.32261353731155396,
-0.5097259879112244,
1.1304056644439697,
-0.8620284795761108,
1.0539214611053467,
1.0121479034423828,
-1.914075493812561,
-0.3385380506515503,
0.40643996000289917,
-1.5745395421981812,
1.0042937994003296,
-1.8055226802825928,
-2.021097421646118,
1.1114548444747925,
-0.725532054901123,
1.2228672504425049,
1.5290794372558594
] |
how closely can modern jet airliners fly to each other (not legally, but physically) while maintaining some semblance of control? | obviously there's a legal limit on how close planes can get to each other, but if that wasn't there, how closely could two similarly-sized airliners fly before wingtip vortices or other forms of plane-created turbulence caused issues? what sort of difference would it make if they were two differently-sized models (ex. a380 and some regional jet model)? | i guess you mean flying directly behind one another? laterally and vertically they can get pretty darn close. but to follow longitudinally causes problems. wake turbulence disturbs the air which both upsets engine airflow and airflow over the wings reducing lift. military jets for this reason stagger vertically when following directly behind another jet. the bigger the jet the greater the turbulence. if i am flying a small plane, i would be waiting about a minute after a large jet left before taking off as i don’t want to get mixed up in their turbulence. | 7 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/JO_7110.123_Wake_Turbulence_Recategorization_Phase_II_Change_1.pdf"
] | [
0.37220776081085205,
0.05911718308925629,
-0.29068028926849365,
-0.04549572616815567,
-0.054895997047424316,
-0.4324420094490051,
0.924545168876648,
0.21743445098400116,
1.3148568868637085,
-0.7847728133201599,
0.12766976654529572,
1.6868470907211304,
-1.2507681846618652,
-0.7407716512680054,
0.3183649778366089,
1.4168264865875244,
-1.2331068515777588,
-0.033311761915683746,
-3.6452853679656982,
-0.2501571774482727,
0.249697744846344,
0.9800703525543213,
-1.0083025693893433,
1.156841516494751,
-1.107493281364441,
0.8363265991210938,
-0.5590391159057617,
0.8381072282791138,
0.23364344239234924,
-1.4932830333709717,
-0.9017246961593628,
0.3940621316432953,
-0.8172486424446106,
-1.2935646772384644,
-0.2552851438522339,
-0.22360098361968994,
0.14458908140659332,
-0.02869972586631775,
-0.7593288421630859,
-0.17145028710365295,
-0.32425636053085327,
-1.6492565870285034,
1.0173877477645874,
0.504181981086731,
0.6294280886650085,
1.50609290599823,
0.18487213551998138,
0.06304174661636353,
0.9490630030632019,
0.02394707500934601,
-0.812813937664032,
-1.1631135940551758,
-0.01379673182964325,
0.3489310145378113,
0.6027456521987915,
0.5037317276000977,
-0.38725054264068604,
-1.298309564590454,
0.06714083254337311,
-1.714371919631958,
-0.11151620745658875,
-0.13618099689483643,
-0.6497036218643188,
0.03932613879442215,
0.014979541301727295,
-1.680131435394287,
0.33775418996810913,
-0.7961563467979431,
-0.6155956983566284,
1.8544325828552246,
0.015102706849575043,
-0.908599317073822,
-0.48941296339035034,
-1.2288178205490112,
-0.21094393730163574,
0.002253815531730652,
1.1454218626022339,
0.18510228395462036,
0.9152989983558655,
0.9337541460990906,
1.997909665107727,
-0.9444097876548767,
-1.752537727355957,
-0.22626355290412903,
-0.21586176753044128,
-0.20503167808055878,
0.6881350874900818,
0.22794127464294434,
0.8423420190811157,
0.15262722969055176,
-1.2645949125289917,
-1.8511229753494263,
0.7295377254486084,
0.4860575199127197,
0.42278119921684265,
0.45384737849235535,
0.6087457537651062,
-1.1275057792663574,
-0.029662102460861206,
-0.24276217818260193,
0.17459256947040558,
-0.1638033092021942,
-0.9923341870307922,
1.2932487726211548,
-1.2072594165802002,
0.5338326692581177,
0.82161945104599,
-0.23712202906608582,
0.3734956979751587,
-1.1244118213653564,
-0.9462730884552002,
0.11718923598527908,
1.2883574962615967,
-0.6630328893661499,
-1.9451688528060913,
1.2212929725646973,
-0.8508026599884033,
1.0604194402694702,
-1.6509212255477905,
-2.1631526947021484,
-1.7953808307647705,
-0.8241562843322754,
1.3602845668792725,
0.19009490311145782,
1.0669286251068115,
-1.200819492340088,
-1.4727152585983276,
-0.2147308886051178,
0.8088669180870056,
-1.1244697570800781,
0.42676210403442383,
-0.07052911072969437,
-0.11177118122577667,
-1.13494074344635,
-0.04530949145555496,
0.8267319202423096,
1.0210105180740356,
0.2593095302581787,
-2.01910400390625,
0.5533500909805298,
0.9244065880775452,
-1.0944870710372925,
-0.27213016152381897,
-0.7397204637527466,
0.46457168459892273,
0.2241153120994568,
-1.5026216506958008,
-1.24452805519104,
0.5154294371604919,
-1.5784472227096558,
-1.865724802017212,
-0.5982223749160767,
0.370775431394577,
-0.6535792350769043,
-0.8271617293357849,
-0.07726874947547913,
-0.900521993637085,
1.3806108236312866,
0.3828713595867157,
1.279935359954834,
-1.7834244966506958,
1.3199238777160645,
0.25838613510131836,
0.7239086031913757,
0.9540213346481323,
0.23537766933441162,
-0.1551910936832428,
-0.5731041431427002,
-0.6554610133171082,
0.8147501349449158,
-1.2981544733047485,
0.476807564496994,
0.05051162838935852,
-0.5804296731948853,
0.06121747940778732,
1.0449048280715942,
-2.2651546001434326,
-1.1423932313919067,
0.2542263865470886,
1.334681749343872,
0.7222713232040405,
0.3014023005962372,
2.5426652431488037,
0.7594262361526489,
1.8541227579116821,
0.7497867345809937,
-0.647807776927948,
0.5781261920928955,
-0.7945636510848999,
0.42656564712524414,
-1.3167963027954102,
-1.2835395336151123,
1.6636557579040527,
2.172105312347412,
-0.00464494526386261,
1.8982484340667725,
-0.5624248385429382,
-0.7029471397399902,
-0.26476433873176575,
-0.008462846279144287,
-0.31859290599823,
-0.2803386449813843,
1.0923025608062744,
-1.7806559801101685,
-0.9384777545928955,
-0.27916818857192993,
0.8525224924087524,
0.03284371644258499,
-0.13124725222587585,
1.1596161127090454,
1.1942050457000732,
-1.0147429704666138,
-0.7317125797271729,
-0.4573732018470764,
0.3470781445503235,
0.0967770665884018,
-0.7962415218353271,
-0.5920439958572388,
-1.8889412879943848,
0.07869210094213486,
2.1576695442199707,
0.29899466037750244,
1.1838080883026123,
-1.6604398488998413,
0.8398249745368958,
-1.074998378753662,
-2.3515355587005615,
1.4701837301254272,
0.3415602743625641,
1.6909844875335693,
2.0584967136383057,
0.9261587858200073,
-0.8977255821228027,
0.9123364686965942,
-0.010302424430847168,
-0.2543696165084839,
-1.281624674797058,
1.4658008813858032,
2.595409393310547,
-2.523364305496216,
0.11091761291027069,
0.2207452952861786,
0.7534466981887817,
1.1672379970550537,
2.5451979637145996,
-0.4819439947605133,
-1.908280611038208,
-1.1905235052108765,
-0.5860128998756409,
1.1748685836791992,
0.6792907118797302,
1.6055512428283691,
-2.227905750274658,
1.0665335655212402,
-0.6023510098457336,
1.578423261642456,
0.5764286518096924,
-0.0370272696018219,
-0.5876869559288025,
1.5004209280014038,
-1.0809447765350342,
-0.06399434804916382,
-0.1680077612400055,
-2.174349069595337,
-0.366144061088562,
1.0082314014434814,
2.036736488342285,
0.4942331910133362,
-0.5289866924285889,
0.022186994552612305,
-1.5052443742752075,
-0.7968037724494934,
0.2856563925743103,
-0.9443254470825195,
0.8057958483695984,
-0.07069370150566101,
-1.9636480808258057,
0.9635040163993835,
0.6114110350608826,
-0.3785545825958252,
-0.6172158718109131,
-1.1957613229751587,
0.7797870635986328,
-0.11898290365934372,
1.3127719163894653,
-1.0161324739456177,
-0.008054614067077637,
-1.4826509952545166,
2.2756130695343018,
-0.8510360717773438,
1.1326367855072021,
1.1839301586151123,
2.665235996246338,
0.1532297432422638,
1.5488775968551636,
-0.7727797031402588,
-0.11281140148639679,
2.3184094429016113,
0.3878064751625061,
0.08128953725099564,
0.5218340158462524,
-0.30297523736953735,
0.13796962797641754,
0.0653129518032074,
-0.9727078676223755,
-0.5259836912155151,
1.5578653812408447,
0.5509974360466003,
-0.7740093469619751,
1.0378655195236206,
0.12376144528388977,
-1.2529302835464478,
0.31454041600227356,
-0.27954626083374023,
1.4019547700881958,
0.3861473798751831,
1.0148042440414429,
-0.1642025262117386,
0.3132406175136566,
-0.4098985195159912,
1.391350507736206,
0.09463470429182053,
0.528813898563385,
1.2969383001327515,
-1.1719974279403687,
-1.4470160007476807,
-0.4978126287460327,
-0.03562873601913452,
-1.155166745185852,
-1.5238271951675415,
0.6221890449523926,
0.33170515298843384,
1.2843666076660156,
0.26181209087371826,
1.3556722402572632,
0.5639311075210571,
-0.944602906703949,
-0.5824748277664185,
-0.6465428471565247,
0.28870004415512085,
-1.368346929550171,
1.7268584966659546,
-0.755130410194397,
1.004664421081543,
0.8660816550254822,
0.5134873986244202,
-0.5646796226501465,
-0.2957105040550232,
0.9666714668273926,
-0.09805998206138611,
-0.3829655349254608,
0.7556024789810181,
-0.45754316449165344,
0.18656842410564423,
-1.1403260231018066,
0.5992606282234192,
0.6167960166931152,
0.2315516620874405,
0.22351939976215363,
-1.197554111480713,
0.9291105270385742,
-0.10887700319290161,
-0.2931514382362366,
2.222200632095337,
0.41730254888534546,
2.2106668949127197,
0.5905925035476685,
-0.465292751789093,
-0.7333295941352844,
0.1548132598400116,
1.7854845523834229,
1.4994795322418213,
1.4023948907852173,
0.14617644250392914,
-0.23792429268360138,
0.008615488186478615,
-1.0202548503875732,
-0.4315529465675354,
-1.1915600299835205,
-1.25094473361969,
-1.2886719703674316,
0.7893593311309814,
-0.39242857694625854,
0.19151580333709717
] |
is it unrealistic for a fighter to kick or punch with 1000 psi in a fight? | please feel free to use any realistic scenario to estimate the highest psi you can. (heelkick to the jaw for example) | punching force for professional/olympic boxers is usually between 500 and 1,000 lbs. for instance, on sports science, mma fighter houston alexander generated around 800 lbs. force in a punch, and rampage jackson can deliver a 1,800 lb. punch. if you assume this is distributed over the face of an ungloved fist, you get around 80 - 280 psi. fighters can generate much more force in a kick. ufc light heavyweight champion shogun rua has recorded kicks of about 2750 lbs. of force. this force was distributed over the top of his foot and ankle, so the area is something like 6 in. x 2 in., yielding 230 psi pressure. keep in mind these are average figures, and instantaneous, localized forces and pressures will vary. so is 1,000 psi unrealistic? i hesitate to say "unrealistic," but it's certainly quite a bit higher than what top fighters have recorded. then again, these types of forces are usually not measured as pressure, but as force. the pressure could easily be manipulated to reach 1,000 psi by adding something that concentrates the force over a smaller area, like brass knuckles. and 250,000 psi isn't out of the question if you were to rig a nail to a fighter's fist. (which alludes to why force is a more useful measure than pressure in this case.) edit: added summary paragraph for clarification. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.361473321914673,
1.2132234573364258,
-2.2969484329223633,
0.5889188647270203,
-1.534562110900879,
0.31335246562957764,
0.6109665632247925,
1.3791708946228027,
2.587493658065796,
-0.46290576457977295,
1.0033973455429077,
-0.10985378175973892,
-0.1717296540737152,
2.506730318069458,
0.497284859418869,
0.5001188516616821,
0.02603703737258911,
-1.4449424743652344,
-4.7690749168396,
1.5310513973236084,
2.054887056350708,
0.9552140235900879,
0.43677952885627747,
0.5046489834785461,
0.22835524380207062,
-0.7294796705245972,
-1.4643402099609375,
3.062567949295044,
-0.3854665756225586,
-3.5983335971832275,
-0.6099746823310852,
0.7053171992301941,
-0.37706494331359863,
0.12954160571098328,
-1.9605046510696411,
-0.4930790364742279,
0.9195554256439209,
1.784127950668335,
-0.9009637832641602,
-0.205418199300766,
0.9478569030761719,
-2.0512633323669434,
0.9637286067008972,
1.6926809549331665,
1.4482269287109375,
4.428177356719971,
-0.13623656332492828,
-0.14470747113227844,
0.2755621671676636,
-0.4693048596382141,
-0.7865275144577026,
2.824396848678589,
0.09093451499938965,
-0.09367290139198303,
1.6520334482192993,
-1.8715403079986572,
1.4587042331695557,
-1.2058875560760498,
-0.107079416513443,
-0.345922589302063,
-0.5816139578819275,
3.36745285987854,
-2.0112621784210205,
2.377049684524536,
0.7293373942375183,
-3.7073686122894287,
-0.030985595658421516,
-0.46261781454086304,
-2.6622605323791504,
5.429835319519043,
3.1468162536621094,
-0.7269731760025024,
-0.11123500019311905,
-2.4056849479675293,
-0.2684520184993744,
-0.39689552783966064,
-2.417062282562256,
1.900701642036438,
0.7428063154220581,
-0.3272610008716583,
0.9086615443229675,
-0.7418183088302612,
-0.35253235697746277,
1.4489868879318237,
-1.017970085144043,
2.2006664276123047,
4.003451347351074,
0.5264024138450623,
2.1045520305633545,
1.524487018585205,
-2.382204532623291,
0.03885568678379059,
0.26025786995887756,
0.2964133024215698,
0.656132698059082,
2.6480841636657715,
-0.6697844862937927,
-2.286414623260498,
-4.245659828186035,
0.4206799566745758,
1.160007119178772,
-1.1071730852127075,
-5.196610450744629,
0.8702293634414673,
-1.283352017402649,
-0.37887686491012573,
-1.954382061958313,
0.1399410218000412,
-1.7092787027359009,
0.9539478421211243,
1.5330803394317627,
0.5459345579147339,
-0.6976262331008911,
-0.2945074439048767,
1.3462679386138916,
-1.1043391227722168,
-1.194165825843811,
-0.911156415939331,
-3.241746425628662,
0.4652676582336426,
-2.6629889011383057,
-2.8188059329986572,
-2.1812644004821777,
-0.8120263814926147,
2.913600206375122,
0.23652440309524536,
-0.43110668659210205,
1.8031758069992065,
-0.8285950422286987,
-2.8450417518615723,
0.5962203741073608,
-0.3803379535675049,
-1.4186862707138062,
-2.457686185836792,
0.12240618467330933,
0.1714749038219452,
1.7609663009643555,
0.7064312696456909,
-0.615079402923584,
3.47570538520813,
2.814823627471924,
3.5034494400024414,
1.0363930463790894,
0.16897806525230408,
-0.9911671876907349,
3.308473587036133,
-1.294575572013855,
-2.7306153774261475,
-0.3084867000579834,
-2.283219337463379,
-2.2280030250549316,
-0.9118289351463318,
1.6296429634094238,
0.7284797430038452,
-0.3565709590911865,
-0.32463645935058594,
0.9007897973060608,
1.1671288013458252,
-0.9830482006072998,
2.669203281402588,
-2.5368621349334717,
0.7586458921432495,
0.17357294261455536,
1.5168910026550293,
0.8533002734184265,
-2.112992763519287,
-1.3376232385635376,
-0.18269819021224976,
3.4822845458984375,
0.5869415998458862,
-1.4550764560699463,
-1.6905796527862549,
0.5836998224258423,
-0.3001156449317932,
-0.7881669998168945,
0.8270746469497681,
-4.1973795890808105,
-1.131792664527893,
1.0986453294754028,
3.3700597286224365,
2.9369685649871826,
-0.994100034236908,
3.8824057579040527,
1.6281267404556274,
-1.544008493423462,
1.4546724557876587,
0.8627822995185852,
1.9391915798187256,
-1.8473827838897705,
0.09855136275291443,
1.8486943244934082,
1.4825983047485352,
-0.7357355952262878,
0.3133794963359833,
-3.9871883392333984,
2.5354363918304443,
-0.949974536895752,
0.6955771446228027,
-2.8010222911834717,
-0.5166083574295044,
-0.43626222014427185,
-0.8444149494171143,
-1.0611824989318848,
-2.6500487327575684,
1.3372607231140137,
1.7439340353012085,
1.003394603729248,
-1.5591307878494263,
-3.3616726398468018,
1.801171898841858,
2.158334732055664,
-2.7324483394622803,
1.0024243593215942,
-1.440047264099121,
1.2702945470809937,
-0.6756715774536133,
-1.65693998336792,
0.5164260268211365,
-2.399837017059326,
-1.358048915863037,
-0.6247243881225586,
0.4215812087059021,
-0.14012210071086884,
-2.7336585521698,
-0.4879165291786194,
-0.050675392150878906,
-2.326098918914795,
3.8561267852783203,
1.7210874557495117,
2.0605685710906982,
0.1889781951904297,
0.9350509643554688,
1.235079288482666,
2.378484010696411,
-0.6722575426101685,
-0.9981465339660645,
-2.312417507171631,
0.932655394077301,
3.162097215652466,
-2.726109743118286,
-0.9377334117889404,
-1.1618123054504395,
0.8811262249946594,
2.9785139560699463,
3.548243999481201,
-1.417406678199768,
4.20283317565918,
0.26533666253089905,
2.174316644668579,
1.3270783424377441,
-1.3192437887191772,
-0.8700434565544128,
-2.5967459678649902,
1.3180280923843384,
-0.8913974761962891,
1.6691057682037354,
-0.725501298904419,
0.626427412033081,
-1.5807117223739624,
-2.058695077896118,
0.616260290145874,
2.9133107662200928,
1.3541054725646973,
-2.633697986602783,
1.945312738418579,
1.2897382974624634,
0.9942588806152344,
2.4989676475524902,
-3.8388428688049316,
-3.2231786251068115,
1.2806750535964966,
-2.647273302078247,
1.9860868453979492,
-1.778836965560913,
2.2768971920013428,
-1.3439080715179443,
-0.9166231155395508,
2.3144233226776123,
-2.5420563220977783,
-2.255358934402466,
0.5079604983329773,
-4.542751312255859,
-0.24570780992507935,
1.9849953651428223,
-0.056070685386657715,
0.32288721203804016,
-2.2512216567993164,
-1.3229180574417114,
2.264514207839966,
0.35600778460502625,
-1.9754961729049683,
2.587057590484619,
-1.0345983505249023,
0.5597231388092041,
1.6993011236190796,
0.43031561374664307,
3.2025086879730225,
2.4134676456451416,
-0.7989962100982666,
-0.022310949862003326,
1.6118109226226807,
-2.9240548610687256,
-0.883551836013794,
0.23114335536956787,
-1.7790167331695557,
-1.534125804901123,
-1.0004441738128662,
1.6230316162109375,
-0.27992138266563416,
2.7173290252685547,
-1.1315287351608276,
1.1967828273773193,
2.488482713699341,
1.8380244970321655,
1.0498195886611938,
0.9497869610786438,
1.4970535039901733,
-1.326141595840454,
-1.8143965005874634,
0.11272653937339783,
0.26891565322875977,
1.4500385522842407,
-0.29958099126815796,
2.0813584327697754,
-3.5746500492095947,
4.146829605102539,
-0.4582558870315552,
-2.7953994274139404,
0.34378665685653687,
-1.0076398849487305,
4.187928199768066,
-1.7168869972229004,
2.5800130367279053,
2.0621488094329834,
0.9356452822685242,
0.00868445634841919,
-1.4430317878723145,
-1.7072513103485107,
-3.6928915977478027,
-1.127769947052002,
-0.32863256335258484,
-1.526193618774414,
2.187356472015381,
0.5388269424438477,
-1.6845731735229492,
-0.8580546975135803,
-2.8991923332214355,
0.6013998985290527,
-2.6940314769744873,
0.9028775691986084,
-2.005502223968506,
1.6576581001281738,
0.8751655220985413,
-0.03348547965288162,
0.6017154455184937,
-0.40273281931877136,
0.6497246026992798,
0.43111929297447205,
-0.8318715691566467,
-0.19695904850959778,
-2.5748672485351562,
-2.8307628631591797,
-0.36896955966949463,
3.6695022583007812,
-0.15860515832901,
3.6687238216400146,
-1.1454218626022339,
-2.4964303970336914,
-3.136765956878662,
-0.04436993598937988,
4.343339920043945,
3.09084415435791,
1.7375272512435913,
-2.0378522872924805,
1.4212507009506226,
1.5927265882492065,
-0.8469258546829224,
-0.9349800944328308,
-2.8218612670898438,
-1.664703130722046,
-0.023375511169433594,
-1.8756203651428223,
3.893092632293701,
0.6755161285400391
] |
does the inverse of a hessian matrix have a special name? what is its physical interpretation? | as i recall, a hessian is a matrix that is filled with the second derivatives of some multivariable function, and roughly speaking, it characterizes the curvature of this function at some point. does the inverse of this matrix have any special meaning? | i'm not aware of it having a particular name, but it frequently appears in optimization, since h^-1 g is the newton's method update rule, which corresponds to the optimum of a quadratic function. it also appears in laplace's approximation, which is an approximate gaussian i-projection of a probability density function formed by using its hessian about a point as the covariance (which makes the inverse hessian a precision matrix). in this case, the inverse hessian has a (locally) similar physical interpretation to the precision matrix. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8401519060134888,
0.6344498991966248,
-0.3321203589439392,
0.2754647433757782,
-1.3595998287200928,
-0.04037231206893921,
0.7641716003417969,
1.3410074710845947,
1.4599359035491943,
0.019751623272895813,
1.378404140472412,
-0.38892245292663574,
0.6394211649894714,
-0.2414478063583374,
-1.350815773010254,
-1.5768470764160156,
-0.5821142196655273,
0.6001567840576172,
-1.520485520362854,
-1.0001497268676758,
1.2624859809875488,
-1.3704406023025513,
0.3940557837486267,
-0.4893437623977661,
0.7049042582511902,
-0.0763998031616211,
1.3844480514526367,
0.5906229019165039,
0.3342443108558655,
-0.15551957488059998,
0.44856420159339905,
0.8993530869483948,
1.1676971912384033,
-0.9406114816665649,
-1.2489930391311646,
-0.019988998770713806,
0.6734011769294739,
-0.1733958125114441,
-0.0019589662551879883,
0.5450316667556763,
0.015397965908050537,
0.8129184246063232,
1.115110993385315,
1.1530771255493164,
0.8027971982955933,
0.3484783172607422,
0.6895254254341125,
0.20187923312187195,
-0.561862587928772,
0.5044667720794678,
-0.9861065149307251,
1.4309375286102295,
-0.15750038623809814,
-1.6761835813522339,
-0.2724406123161316,
-0.668922483921051,
0.7945166826248169,
-1.14994215965271,
0.10029934346675873,
-1.1544532775878906,
1.1002837419509888,
-0.5363386273384094,
-1.0478999614715576,
0.5972350239753723,
1.4349771738052368,
-0.06727716326713562,
0.16837000846862793,
-1.8408358097076416,
-0.6857216358184814,
0.9694876670837402,
-1.0060791969299316,
0.24727679789066315,
-0.3705304265022278,
0.022565022110939026,
-0.5712116956710815,
-0.015804171562194824,
-1.570387840270996,
1.014927864074707,
0.5312333703041077,
0.09660212695598602,
1.4295992851257324,
0.26310664415359497,
-0.13769133388996124,
-0.1063700020313263,
-0.20223721861839294,
2.455629348754883,
0.9068982601165771,
1.0030534267425537,
1.6441173553466797,
0.21845436096191406,
0.990371584892273,
-1.838710069656372,
-1.7297375202178955,
-0.9005700349807739,
0.0738464891910553,
1.0056835412979126,
1.2267130613327026,
0.11263255029916763,
0.7525898814201355,
0.21534176170825958,
-0.8548386693000793,
0.6532226204872131,
-2.720984935760498,
-0.2868535816669464,
-0.4788101315498352,
-0.25555315613746643,
-1.0393611192703247,
-0.06907857209444046,
0.04744634032249451,
0.20945818722248077,
-0.44078338146209717,
-0.5519929528236389,
0.8864517211914062,
0.6578417420387268,
0.9047961235046387,
-0.20954754948616028,
1.934762716293335,
0.5640577673912048,
0.5100175142288208,
-0.5362148284912109,
-0.5191819071769714,
-0.657796323299408,
-0.17766281962394714,
1.3541467189788818,
0.6072442531585693,
0.8666408061981201,
-0.004941858351230621,
0.9353581070899963,
0.36649584770202637,
1.009543776512146,
2.494234323501587,
-0.7569926977157593,
-0.222639799118042,
-0.8080565929412842,
-0.23770849406719208,
-1.1872743368148804,
0.17469345033168793,
1.1228164434432983,
-2.0192506313323975,
1.505530595779419,
0.6234737038612366,
-0.5566956996917725,
-1.3596965074539185,
0.060950711369514465,
-0.042128413915634155,
0.760527491569519,
-0.8110904097557068,
-0.295322060585022,
1.1202940940856934,
-0.026450298726558685,
-0.501788318157196,
-0.876823902130127,
0.15376797318458557,
-0.7084367275238037,
0.7030313014984131,
-0.8154094219207764,
-0.3899151086807251,
0.7977343797683716,
-0.215794175863266,
-0.11465706676244736,
-1.3019471168518066,
0.21653904020786285,
-0.30965593457221985,
-0.43248915672302246,
-0.1496845781803131,
1.1385589838027954,
-0.07613544166088104,
-0.49143046140670776,
-0.13177435100078583,
-0.41206738352775574,
0.9120609164237976,
-0.16438940167427063,
-0.19637180864810944,
0.6215567588806152,
0.47432270646095276,
0.03211706876754761,
0.2635065019130707,
-0.4688224196434021,
0.07896743714809418,
0.8205487728118896,
0.7952249646186829,
-0.8085594773292542,
1.123600959777832,
0.7254554033279419,
-0.28771519660949707,
0.3101363778114319,
0.8393059968948364,
0.8440669775009155,
-1.3804607391357422,
0.08308839797973633,
0.09814844280481339,
0.13894954323768616,
-0.5559682846069336,
0.8032369613647461,
-1.1608388423919678,
-2.7758638858795166,
0.9200278520584106,
1.5698140859603882,
1.045290470123291,
0.40677008032798767,
-0.16440477967262268,
-0.36703214049339294,
0.9424039125442505,
0.0034325718879699707,
-0.01585371419787407,
0.0735904648900032,
-1.0741971731185913,
-0.4410243034362793,
-2.7533462047576904,
1.2933496236801147,
-0.6009612083435059,
-2.8542137145996094,
0.39968687295913696,
0.15285411477088928,
-0.9462383985519409,
0.7477890253067017,
-0.05325999855995178,
-1.5886425971984863,
-1.096242904663086,
-0.21047908067703247,
-0.5320701599121094,
0.7205678224563599,
-0.491435706615448,
-0.5731477737426758,
-1.0378143787384033,
-1.5411405563354492,
-0.06063488870859146,
-0.382342129945755,
-0.5237683057785034,
0.46758919954299927,
-0.3613804578781128,
-1.4273335933685303,
0.6395370364189148,
-0.44797077775001526,
0.753682017326355,
0.3584980368614197,
-1.1701979637145996,
0.7883462905883789,
1.9384431838989258,
-1.0680198669433594,
-0.3651396334171295,
-0.7827602028846741,
-0.48905253410339355,
-0.5031166076660156,
-0.8105029463768005,
0.13188590109348297,
1.0463809967041016,
0.052277326583862305,
-0.48412835597991943,
-0.0925331562757492,
-0.8573737144470215,
0.22136354446411133,
0.5867005586624146,
0.2504148483276367,
-0.45001232624053955,
-0.9391403794288635,
0.5314338207244873,
1.5133793354034424,
-0.5759690999984741,
0.5086914300918579,
0.8404071927070618,
0.03798550367355347,
-0.25348448753356934,
1.3483622074127197,
-0.5266625285148621,
0.27365565299987793,
0.13242511451244354,
0.725863516330719,
0.9005103707313538,
-0.6278972029685974,
0.8946418762207031,
-0.868229866027832,
0.8205572366714478,
-0.7376761436462402,
0.23879119753837585,
-1.8083420991897583,
-0.6168117523193359,
0.7117499709129333,
-1.0166850090026855,
1.4195994138717651,
-0.2183782458305359,
-0.163552924990654,
0.056594640016555786,
-0.9169955253601074,
-1.1824396848678589,
-0.3623194396495819,
0.42180266976356506,
0.8294758200645447,
-0.11938285827636719,
-0.8511711955070496,
-1.2708549499511719,
-0.7005475163459778,
0.741476833820343,
0.11613692343235016,
0.9530951976776123,
1.9186973571777344,
0.01945587992668152,
0.9324256777763367,
0.5904374122619629,
-1.0060338973999023,
1.560477614402771,
1.6580766439437866,
-1.1165437698364258,
0.017962366342544556,
-0.9583326578140259,
0.7908607125282288,
1.523887276649475,
0.6146084070205688,
0.7707452178001404,
-0.4884195029735565,
0.39031875133514404,
-0.07544027268886566,
1.1170450448989868,
-0.01947646588087082,
-1.3403937816619873,
1.1747105121612549,
0.2563381791114807,
0.33374646306037903,
0.584385871887207,
0.5963194370269775,
0.02194434404373169,
-1.6069416999816895,
-0.9040072560310364,
0.46043771505355835,
0.1448393166065216,
0.21641692519187927,
-0.8986066579818726,
-2.2384915351867676,
-1.2419265508651733,
-1.3088866472244263,
0.9928339719772339,
0.40872108936309814,
0.27644529938697815,
0.43104907870292664,
0.623077392578125,
-0.013921983540058136,
-0.6450095772743225,
1.431625247001648,
-0.8979148864746094,
0.1633610874414444,
-0.06571763753890991,
-0.44971221685409546,
0.5277848839759827,
-1.1449003219604492,
0.7470955848693848,
0.1286706030368805,
-1.1023635864257812,
-0.3385390341281891,
-0.8062945008277893,
0.7885080575942993,
-1.0634557008743286,
0.6333601474761963,
0.8714811205863953,
0.671126663684845,
0.4785410463809967,
-0.43692660331726074,
0.40480178594589233,
0.21666336059570312,
-0.2275857925415039,
-0.4028138518333435,
-0.3446325957775116,
-0.4136488437652588,
-1.8989559412002563,
1.1613411903381348,
0.6551471948623657,
0.7433274984359741,
0.13854727149009705,
-1.2875847816467285,
0.36021888256073,
0.8562698364257812,
0.02832350879907608,
2.3678483963012695,
-0.1693630814552307,
0.3295592963695526,
-0.31567806005477905,
-1.5440343618392944,
-1.1010165214538574,
-0.7845028042793274,
-0.6517412066459656,
-0.8536170125007629,
-0.09459298849105835,
1.1770411729812622,
0.09649127721786499,
-0.552706778049469
] |
how do scientists conduct experiments on a moleculair level? | i have been reading some books about science for n00bs. when reading about atoms and such, it is described as a world beyond normal perception and normal rules. i understand there are no devices to actually see the smallest building blocks of our world. how do scientists do these experiments? how do these machines work that for example 'fire' a whole bunch of matter at something or let alone let certain particles collide? | well, it depends on which experiments and which molecules. personally, i look at dna by attaching fluorescent molecules to it (with chemistry) and then firing a laser at those molecules and looking in a microscope. a lot of experiments on atomic and molecular properties are done with x-ray scattering, where fire x-rays at a bunch of atoms and see how the path and energy of the x-rays changes. many experiments involve scattering some sort of radiation off a group of molecules. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.161651611328125,
0.2521153390407562,
0.5207133889198303,
0.45130664110183716,
0.5004434585571289,
-0.5641182661056519,
0.9718395471572876,
1.0204062461853027,
-0.3088088035583496,
-0.6780943274497986,
0.4732368290424347,
0.054529935121536255,
-0.5284304022789001,
0.21455258131027222,
-0.2191849797964096,
-0.4799787402153015,
-1.0400218963623047,
0.11751139163970947,
-1.7542657852172852,
0.0039611756801605225,
-0.0098486989736557,
-0.40390023589134216,
0.2125360667705536,
-0.2586825489997864,
-1.2564880847930908,
0.30031898617744446,
0.024949228391051292,
-0.7004915475845337,
-0.5432291030883789,
-0.025800006464123726,
0.40465274453163147,
0.7724539637565613,
-1.6196975708007812,
0.2458551973104477,
0.5469577312469482,
-1.198348879814148,
-0.15501511096954346,
0.26825204491615295,
-0.41871377825737,
-0.1744011640548706,
0.09466193616390228,
0.07965053617954254,
0.7184079885482788,
1.2943317890167236,
-0.1805642992258072,
-0.6286463737487793,
0.12283463776111603,
-1.0908796787261963,
-0.9187568426132202,
-0.3784399926662445,
-0.16638809442520142,
-0.4474934935569763,
-0.9202460646629333,
-0.5111739039421082,
-0.6342730522155762,
-0.47809118032455444,
0.8855470418930054,
-0.7085561156272888,
-0.023665808141231537,
-1.2724342346191406,
0.27459344267845154,
-0.6869232654571533,
-0.5742960572242737,
0.7842737436294556,
1.9783194065093994,
-0.49868375062942505,
0.991554319858551,
-0.23094043135643005,
0.4102936089038849,
0.7443865537643433,
-0.3199516236782074,
1.386662244796753,
0.1513223499059677,
0.5357065796852112,
0.911836564540863,
0.1351875364780426,
-0.15344294905662537,
1.0425240993499756,
-0.07944010943174362,
-0.6631165742874146,
0.7494500279426575,
-0.9260417819023132,
-0.21517455577850342,
0.35441896319389343,
-0.8264046311378479,
2.1856534481048584,
0.5806694626808167,
-0.11218038201332092,
0.0937594398856163,
0.03675612062215805,
-0.1264961212873459,
-0.7552013993263245,
-0.8373173475265503,
0.33802029490470886,
-0.8097946047782898,
0.8195850849151611,
1.074478268623352,
-0.20930981636047363,
1.6260654926300049,
0.4086647033691406,
0.03631393611431122,
-0.9754595756530762,
-1.6492526531219482,
0.2031594216823578,
-1.930297613143921,
-1.0941166877746582,
-0.4295251965522766,
1.026547908782959,
0.6686936616897583,
0.8313203454017639,
0.11178044974803925,
0.25535106658935547,
0.05751490592956543,
-1.4665881395339966,
0.2685513496398926,
-1.2431663274765015,
0.7341941595077515,
0.49257683753967285,
-1.0341004133224487,
-1.1242763996124268,
-0.07253175228834152,
0.18981322646141052,
0.32840585708618164,
-0.5498302578926086,
-0.14262095093727112,
0.4140836298465729,
-0.6912963390350342,
1.0385247468948364,
1.2123079299926758,
1.2054510116577148,
0.8683574795722961,
-0.5502102971076965,
-0.6806080341339111,
-0.06612467765808105,
-0.0730002149939537,
-0.15186084806919098,
-0.727290689945221,
-0.019647080451250076,
-0.7681835889816284,
2.2196462154388428,
-0.3483608663082123,
-0.4606155455112457,
-0.1281714141368866,
0.47429129481315613,
0.7974954843521118,
-0.1481909453868866,
-0.539790689945221,
0.0006455257534980774,
0.044216662645339966,
-0.32422158122062683,
0.07985210418701172,
0.14773894846439362,
0.7618728876113892,
0.146149680018425,
-0.25152450799942017,
0.054173581302165985,
0.024157091975212097,
0.734644889831543,
-0.3746967911720276,
1.5255786180496216,
-1.607924222946167,
0.8805805444717407,
0.23493412137031555,
1.0344592332839966,
-1.1750926971435547,
-0.29571980237960815,
1.6748831272125244,
-0.7445728778839111,
0.19136613607406616,
0.21967558562755585,
0.8135027885437012,
-1.0463221073150635,
0.7720321416854858,
-0.6606717109680176,
-1.307757019996643,
-0.34383463859558105,
-0.5788283348083496,
0.2852495610713959,
0.23862746357917786,
0.22332802414894104,
0.057896360754966736,
0.5692810416221619,
1.4856773614883423,
1.7797431945800781,
0.36763763427734375,
-1.3413115739822388,
0.3400490880012512,
-0.2734501361846924,
0.08061490952968597,
-0.5692071318626404,
-0.8593340516090393,
-0.5851856470108032,
0.2765997648239136,
0.0405610017478466,
-0.5168551206588745,
-0.9886921048164368,
0.2936830222606659,
0.27517902851104736,
-0.8703969120979309,
0.4350566267967224,
1.637853741645813,
-0.5265637636184692,
0.6254128217697144,
-0.04227769747376442,
-0.46390455961227417,
0.15377181768417358,
-0.013423874974250793,
0.7585200071334839,
-0.9410704374313354,
-0.39275604486465454,
-1.571167230606079,
-1.759533405303955,
-1.8010191917419434,
-0.6438920497894287,
-1.1979786157608032,
-0.4127024710178375,
-1.5699114799499512,
-1.302718997001648,
0.3054245114326477,
-0.6127526760101318,
0.6028623580932617,
-1.0528303384780884,
-0.541167140007019,
-0.7036247849464417,
0.2988927364349365,
-0.7955024838447571,
0.2427237629890442,
0.7076537013053894,
0.11117125302553177,
0.18815191090106964,
-0.2411026954650879,
0.7696639895439148,
0.8330045938491821,
0.8543580770492554,
0.2892635464668274,
0.32720285654067993,
-1.380002737045288,
-0.3891395330429077,
-0.5588200688362122,
-0.36923322081565857,
1.3907384872436523,
0.558665931224823,
0.6535731554031372,
-0.11465980112552643,
-0.7466611862182617,
1.1977566480636597,
0.7443550229072571,
-0.05843505263328552,
-0.37140926718711853,
0.1956394612789154,
0.3193122148513794,
-1.239261507987976,
0.08175486326217651,
0.37913990020751953,
0.841413140296936,
0.425514817237854,
0.07850669324398041,
-1.1257777214050293,
0.31210097670555115,
0.2531057298183441,
1.7230160236358643,
-0.4139934480190277,
0.2312505543231964,
-1.622514009475708,
-0.022702187299728394,
0.9648204445838928,
1.1222095489501953,
-0.04652503877878189,
0.5876371264457703,
0.7925920486450195,
-0.46129387617111206,
0.5731909275054932,
-0.17993004620075226,
0.37254756689071655,
1.181846261024475,
-0.6490441560745239,
-0.9372538924217224,
-1.2132974863052368,
0.11185508966445923,
0.7088261842727661,
0.25753483176231384,
-0.020124364644289017,
0.1523711234331131,
0.5839716196060181,
0.47967061400413513,
-0.11965243518352509,
-0.676917552947998,
-0.40754634141921997,
-1.4276583194732666,
-0.5398626327514648,
0.0025086402893066406,
1.2429181337356567,
0.492381751537323,
-0.41814491152763367,
1.184424877166748,
1.2460477352142334,
0.9867221713066101,
0.6234592199325562,
-0.08899500221014023,
-1.0832467079162598,
0.055827148258686066,
-0.978585958480835,
-1.145284652709961,
0.23972082138061523,
-0.8010514378547668,
0.12888190150260925,
0.24535483121871948,
0.2532224655151367,
0.2724246382713318,
-0.6081516742706299,
-0.8135601282119751,
-1.0911990404129028,
0.6892167329788208,
-1.76758873462677,
-0.701729416847229,
-0.14409315586090088,
1.3220598697662354,
0.5702812671661377,
1.1702772378921509,
0.3140118420124054,
1.8292934894561768,
-0.6430320143699646,
1.1393177509307861,
-0.41156205534935,
0.13341233134269714,
0.27245092391967773,
-0.1583186388015747,
0.4785444736480713,
0.40627163648605347,
-0.8441798686981201,
-0.4964326322078705,
0.40033718943595886,
0.9160677194595337,
0.5175052285194397,
1.867956280708313,
0.717011570930481,
-0.25243616104125977,
-0.8095030784606934,
-0.34076040983200073,
0.14257332682609558,
-0.726936936378479,
0.0815374106168747,
0.24759405851364136,
0.3593488335609436,
0.11279167234897614,
0.4517635107040405,
0.09832863509654999,
-1.0963280200958252,
-0.8866094350814819,
0.4255719780921936,
-0.6000093817710876,
-0.2085074484348297,
0.5723510384559631,
1.0336042642593384,
1.0805680751800537,
-0.6867430210113525,
-0.6763163805007935,
-0.7140951752662659,
0.3907480239868164,
0.46842747926712036,
-0.49434375762939453,
0.47655850648880005,
0.06162375211715698,
1.4927432537078857,
-0.2388806939125061,
0.704867422580719,
0.1204395517706871,
-0.7254198789596558,
-0.591968297958374,
1.5205292701721191,
-0.1467685103416443,
0.8702203035354614,
-0.6594085693359375,
-1.715510606765747,
-0.3412751853466034,
-0.19006958603858948,
0.4515410363674164,
-0.04190466180443764,
-0.24669179320335388,
0.207662433385849,
1.2223494052886963,
-0.005284380167722702,
1.5225348472595215,
0.355651319026947
] |
kitchen chemistry: what is going on in my raspberry sorbet? | i have a recipe for berry sorbet that calls for raspberries and blackberries (puréed and strained to remove the seeds), water, sugar, and a little bit of lemon juice. when i add the lemon juice, the mixture visibly changes color (going from a purple-red to a much more orangey shade) and foams. now, i know that the color change is [cyanidin](_url_0_) changing as the mixture becomes more acidic. *but what about the foaming?* the berries are already acidic, so i wouldn't suspect an acid-base reaction like baking powder. so what's going on here? | adding the lemon juice makes the berries more acidic; this can have a chemical effect on the berry solution. namely, there are proteins in the solution that are denatured by the higher acidity. when you puree the berries, gases get trapped in the liquid; sometimes, they are held in place by proteins. denaturing these proteins by increasing the acidity of the solution releases the gas, which creates your foam. | 4 | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidin"
] | [] | [
-0.9172837734222412,
-0.5608206987380981,
0.22969569265842438,
0.5444135069847107,
-0.2729964256286621,
0.5559033155441284,
1.9809987545013428,
0.6697661876678467,
0.29074332118034363,
-0.7732393145561218,
0.21335798501968384,
-0.476852148771286,
-0.3061540126800537,
-0.04753686487674713,
1.318514108657837,
-0.1683940440416336,
0.40735918283462524,
0.9955073595046997,
-1.5810610055923462,
-0.18956433236598969,
0.7174205183982849,
-0.0971963033080101,
-0.633903980255127,
-0.617938220500946,
-1.1059377193450928,
0.9119013547897339,
0.4826115667819977,
-0.8951001763343811,
0.7439168691635132,
-0.3038477301597595,
0.9235354065895081,
0.10421082377433777,
-0.010927155613899231,
-0.2884991466999054,
1.2787494659423828,
-0.5916235446929932,
-1.2540407180786133,
-0.2592315673828125,
1.2574753761291504,
-0.23145467042922974,
-0.06785216927528381,
-0.18316298723220825,
-0.7948604226112366,
0.4250003397464752,
0.2215907722711563,
-0.20706699788570404,
0.6358481049537659,
-0.20709404349327087,
0.58217453956604,
0.2099439799785614,
-0.19448035955429077,
0.1606728434562683,
-0.7949842214584351,
-0.42848774790763855,
-0.30489879846572876,
0.9183299541473389,
0.1298336684703827,
0.14178326725959778,
-1.6259297132492065,
-0.042576320469379425,
0.554152250289917,
-0.9803893566131592,
-0.07378534972667694,
1.1830788850784302,
0.5320096015930176,
-0.5907937288284302,
0.45933544635772705,
1.1498401165008545,
0.21729329228401184,
0.22723859548568726,
-0.5802391767501831,
0.7226687669754028,
0.7301010489463806,
0.023144453763961792,
0.257744699716568,
0.8180176615715027,
0.14615432918071747,
-0.8884846568107605,
-0.41236457228660583,
0.9642065763473511,
-0.22820506989955902,
-0.1430465579032898,
0.09583380818367004,
-0.27732548117637634,
-0.8977075815200806,
1.3976819515228271,
0.34003812074661255,
-0.4566422700881958,
-0.44029632210731506,
1.2316054105758667,
-0.6784090995788574,
-0.35258811712265015,
0.18691538274288177,
0.36929434537887573,
0.11664074659347534,
-0.1284450888633728,
0.17195740342140198,
-0.9586163759231567,
0.3904512822628021,
-0.5546025037765503,
-0.202630415558815,
0.4493617117404938,
-0.3287913501262665,
-1.677401065826416,
-0.31212228536605835,
-0.23137366771697998,
-0.5697569847106934,
0.32380151748657227,
1.0784105062484741,
0.787397027015686,
0.13590341806411743,
-0.8116536140441895,
0.8249592781066895,
0.5531001687049866,
-0.42063215374946594,
0.46984434127807617,
0.1179819107055664,
0.25558149814605713,
-0.9515050649642944,
-0.5588448643684387,
-0.004725724458694458,
-0.5846350789070129,
-0.07100090384483337,
-0.18834403157234192,
0.21743173897266388,
-0.47589197754859924,
-0.2038654386997223,
0.23983484506607056,
0.08724957704544067,
-0.028233200311660767,
0.9948339462280273,
-0.5246371626853943,
1.5018422603607178,
0.48173749446868896,
-2.0441436767578125,
0.46894317865371704,
0.42499569058418274,
-0.09798190742731094,
-0.834349513053894,
0.2674368917942047,
-0.7117685675621033,
0.3107788860797882,
-0.5379765033721924,
-1.4127999544143677,
-0.2834298610687256,
-0.14517474174499512,
-0.3070889711380005,
-1.7685022354125977,
-0.80391526222229,
1.2104731798171997,
-0.5821748375892639,
-0.2496146559715271,
-1.5316708087921143,
0.23065942525863647,
-0.8813929557800293,
-0.23828519880771637,
0.02640390396118164,
0.486522376537323,
0.8566810488700867,
-0.06866376101970673,
-0.897142767906189,
1.00730299949646,
-0.21545784175395966,
0.9326101541519165,
-1.409641981124878,
-0.09161721169948578,
0.6798343658447266,
0.15501366555690765,
0.39807185530662537,
0.5352010726928711,
0.6882919073104858,
1.7738218307495117,
-0.046110883355140686,
-0.8053012490272522,
-0.5005514621734619,
0.16715362668037415,
-0.747008204460144,
-0.5460651516914368,
0.6304080486297607,
0.3604637086391449,
1.3494457006454468,
1.4823521375656128,
0.6113852262496948,
-0.4124112129211426,
-0.3988989591598511,
-1.0328271389007568,
-0.1360650658607483,
-0.11314591765403748,
-0.4546315670013428,
-0.1577490270137787,
-0.8862509727478027,
-0.17702755331993103,
-0.7469419240951538,
1.118539810180664,
-1.206282615661621,
0.2021404504776001,
0.6761807203292847,
-0.4141924977302551,
0.14226040244102478,
0.423753023147583,
1.1707558631896973,
-0.44321078062057495,
-1.4599418640136719,
-0.033094584941864014,
0.184149831533432,
-0.45167577266693115,
0.04943997040390968,
0.08732251822948456,
-0.6952000856399536,
-1.5628867149353027,
-0.38391903042793274,
-1.5154509544372559,
-2.0575804710388184,
0.2549918591976166,
-0.35907888412475586,
0.17067430913448334,
1.7719758749008179,
-0.36644887924194336,
-0.49265235662460327,
-0.8232986330986023,
0.8802481889724731,
-0.30934637784957886,
-0.5936380624771118,
-1.3513669967651367,
0.3295172452926636,
-1.012750267982483,
-0.6903465986251831,
1.039215326309204,
0.6125926375389099,
-0.10909906029701233,
0.6488713026046753,
0.624552309513092,
-0.8644862174987793,
-0.5270953178405762,
-0.097261443734169,
-0.0030168015509843826,
-0.43649452924728394,
-0.11809350550174713,
-0.6865912675857544,
0.09345626831054688,
0.39049214124679565,
1.6033798456192017,
-0.3717210590839386,
0.0572526752948761,
-1.843808650970459,
0.868032693862915,
-0.4895218014717102,
1.9621484279632568,
0.33852100372314453,
0.8282865881919861,
-0.1680426001548767,
-1.0904656648635864,
-0.25614821910858154,
1.7324035167694092,
0.7307341694831848,
-0.5359413623809814,
-1.170709252357483,
-1.672919511795044,
-0.17355123162269592,
-0.4978272616863251,
0.2003031224012375,
-1.1062636375427246,
-1.3392419815063477,
-0.2194836437702179,
-0.010075502097606659,
-0.6313735246658325,
-0.2631886899471283,
2.5641050338745117,
0.5721046924591064,
1.2681411504745483,
0.6383310556411743,
-1.1984338760375977,
-0.1336430311203003,
0.29843670129776,
0.6831983327865601,
-1.5449388027191162,
-0.3490769565105438,
-0.0011290907859802246,
0.5867897272109985,
1.3664698600769043,
0.9156088829040527,
-0.829546332359314,
-1.2143527269363403,
0.18547505140304565,
-0.5633025169372559,
-0.41708603501319885,
0.8758216500282288,
-1.1155368089675903,
0.20512977242469788,
-0.09694638848304749,
-0.1812112033367157,
2.13114333152771,
0.7137695550918579,
-1.139034628868103,
0.3974464535713196,
1.5048021078109741,
-0.03154366463422775,
0.716269314289093,
-0.392356812953949,
0.22662776708602905,
-1.9229915142059326,
0.20824217796325684,
-1.0630848407745361,
-0.7125294804573059,
-1.364522099494934,
0.3334406316280365,
-0.7203510999679565,
-0.12712907791137695,
0.4270298480987549,
-1.7855454683303833,
-0.13587117195129395,
-0.0365452915430069,
0.12495242059230804,
-0.06390970945358276,
-0.7573358416557312,
-0.6102946400642395,
0.30550891160964966,
1.5386605262756348,
1.4085607528686523,
-0.024744659662246704,
1.144376516342163,
-0.8511888980865479,
1.1386010646820068,
0.6786839962005615,
0.6433085203170776,
1.1421186923980713,
-0.04660896956920624,
0.19697614014148712,
0.7147865891456604,
-0.5592767596244812,
-0.229536235332489,
1.269531488418579,
0.4619283080101013,
0.27010852098464966,
0.3172743320465088,
1.2586417198181152,
-0.48662662506103516,
0.0773327574133873,
-0.6917614340782166,
-1.5839214324951172,
-1.3319684267044067,
0.28860756754875183,
0.45121878385543823,
0.00981217622756958,
0.7391881942749023,
-0.7535828948020935,
0.10443960130214691,
1.1151387691497803,
-1.516493320465088,
-0.15744128823280334,
0.9837151169776917,
1.5123474597930908,
0.8725348711013794,
0.3778541088104248,
2.0762228965759277,
-0.7273138761520386,
0.4871962070465088,
-0.44381552934646606,
0.4692901372909546,
-0.07298266887664795,
-1.6718432903289795,
-0.18368390202522278,
-0.3997874855995178,
0.576435923576355,
-0.5516325235366821,
-0.22237509489059448,
-0.5721546411514282,
1.340019702911377,
0.2796581983566284,
1.6147441864013672,
0.04008597135543823,
1.3001073598861694,
0.20167699456214905,
0.8336567282676697,
0.09512469172477722,
-0.7155441045761108,
0.0631648525595665,
1.7450520992279053,
-0.6072367429733276,
0.9694710373878479,
-0.2552325427532196,
0.7316233515739441,
3.602344036102295,
-0.8209128975868225
] |
underground space terrarium question. | if you were to drill a hole on mars, dig out a cavity, cover the hole with an airlock, and put air inside the cavity, would it stay there? or is the ground of mars too porous? if it was possible, how deep would you have to drill? also, could you use the blue and red leds to host an underground terrarium? would it be easier than having a "bubble" made on the surface? (in economic and transportation terms, keep in mind when i say drill it doesn't necessarily mean drill, other methods such as strategic explosives could be used) | keep in mind that a) mars is a whole planet, with a huge variety of rock and soil types of varying porosity. b) if the walls have pores which let out air, you could seal them up with some sort of paint equivalent. this is more-or-less how they keep radon out of basements. | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.3874669671058655,
0.6411370635032654,
1.0476629734039307,
0.06621725857257843,
-0.5369516611099243,
-1.3267241716384888,
0.45549914240837097,
-0.3080788552761078,
0.43763771653175354,
0.24479521811008453,
-0.551114022731781,
-0.03990098088979721,
0.3730085790157318,
-0.1925528347492218,
0.3725380599498749,
-0.06170208379626274,
-0.3348062038421631,
1.1532479524612427,
-1.0108325481414795,
0.6447461843490601,
0.43816280364990234,
0.4155830144882202,
-0.4172186851501465,
-0.5254071354866028,
-0.1113293468952179,
-0.0032425671815872192,
-0.18211528658866882,
0.19404694437980652,
-0.08501872420310974,
-0.6990736722946167,
-0.9463596343994141,
-0.13922351598739624,
-0.49131959676742554,
-0.07130938768386841,
1.4001152515411377,
0.2564084231853485,
0.11781555414199829,
0.48109111189842224,
-0.07320338487625122,
-0.7773280143737793,
-0.590491771697998,
-0.059897977858781815,
0.5339572429656982,
0.9080851078033447,
-0.057442933320999146,
0.25683799386024475,
0.11812460422515869,
-0.6044391989707947,
-0.21615532040596008,
-1.1481232643127441,
0.7034658789634705,
-0.09137799590826035,
-0.5751222968101501,
0.610151469707489,
-0.8996485471725464,
-0.07727496325969696,
0.3331791162490845,
-0.5816317796707153,
0.050463560968637466,
0.18520179390907288,
1.1892298460006714,
0.805370569229126,
-0.6689255833625793,
1.2208354473114014,
1.689961314201355,
-0.2855164408683777,
-0.47102391719818115,
0.38790443539619446,
0.06582683324813843,
0.6593613028526306,
0.2952471375465393,
-0.13746890425682068,
-0.23233187198638916,
-0.21980690956115723,
0.8008213043212891,
0.5421702265739441,
0.015019584447145462,
-0.20278368890285492,
-0.039664123207330704,
-0.662631094455719,
0.26757100224494934,
0.5617580413818359,
0.062418460845947266,
0.019646868109703064,
-0.1576908528804779,
0.5730859637260437,
0.301437646150589,
0.3008413016796112,
-0.18228435516357422,
-0.42555904388427734,
-0.4101752042770386,
-0.16063374280929565,
0.18430981040000916,
0.6268256306648254,
-0.21875154972076416,
-0.3693757951259613,
0.397832989692688,
-0.7875959873199463,
0.3387022614479065,
0.039906181395053864,
-0.326484739780426,
0.17717541754245758,
-0.07831475138664246,
-0.2922429144382477,
0.2933127284049988,
-0.5799331068992615,
0.5200352072715759,
0.7293492555618286,
0.04780985414981842,
0.11671695858240128,
-0.26885974407196045,
-0.20738419890403748,
0.5638830065727234,
-0.5679340958595276,
0.1664544641971588,
-1.2864806652069092,
0.7634330987930298,
0.3281891345977783,
-0.958563506603241,
0.018147386610507965,
0.7312675714492798,
-0.020801007747650146,
-0.29590922594070435,
-0.23652568459510803,
0.5588963031768799,
-0.7435770034790039,
-0.9561626315116882,
1.0216443538665771,
0.8708569407463074,
0.12359137833118439,
-0.8498420715332031,
0.04543595016002655,
1.4061753749847412,
0.835888147354126,
-0.04121357947587967,
0.2956540584564209,
0.26661258935928345,
0.9498111009597778,
0.3033108115196228,
0.3269972801208496,
-1.0099492073059082,
0.35359981656074524,
1.1678873300552368,
0.08936303853988647,
-0.07475966215133667,
-0.020571961998939514,
-1.052701711654663,
-0.7557413578033447,
-0.5948382616043091,
0.6527876853942871,
-0.36309435963630676,
-0.15556228160858154,
1.142037272453308,
-1.2628523111343384,
-0.6207813024520874,
-0.6857226490974426,
-1.0921103954315186,
0.45813876390457153,
0.5184872150421143,
1.0542542934417725,
0.05760391056537628,
0.6209673285484314,
-0.9224717617034912,
0.9028953313827515,
0.016758620738983154,
-0.015547946095466614,
-0.15665265917778015,
-1.4311144351959229,
0.5697128176689148,
-0.11555492877960205,
1.2116811275482178,
0.09276831895112991,
1.0060838460922241,
-0.9700690507888794,
0.0118137551471591,
-0.6062638759613037,
-1.2595220804214478,
0.4372168779373169,
0.1871909648180008,
1.1595120429992676,
-0.24916450679302216,
0.7025331258773804,
0.7083114981651306,
0.2459125965833664,
-0.37912940979003906,
-0.4134488105773926,
0.4619617462158203,
0.4860268235206604,
0.19271960854530334,
-0.10453888028860092,
0.07032108306884766,
-0.009968690574169159,
0.15737979114055634,
-0.5562866926193237,
-0.20132319629192352,
0.8300787210464478,
-0.3784119188785553,
-0.5605415105819702,
-1.538572072982788,
-0.43632104992866516,
0.32443371415138245,
-0.8771477937698364,
-1.2638756036758423,
-0.7445611953735352,
-0.06196010112762451,
-0.09412111341953278,
0.6011130809783936,
-0.20687633752822876,
-1.3018882274627686,
-0.045400410890579224,
-0.19284282624721527,
-0.12114329636096954,
-0.8079606294631958,
0.17794957756996155,
1.1464449167251587,
0.8089041709899902,
0.40401628613471985,
0.3119969069957733,
-0.5969089865684509,
-0.9265183806419373,
0.5343326330184937,
-1.0328125953674316,
-0.05411643534898758,
-1.177624225616455,
0.6408528685569763,
-0.08330074697732925,
-0.08963203430175781,
1.0222177505493164,
-0.07871460914611816,
-0.08550911396741867,
-0.5583507418632507,
-0.1858762949705124,
-0.782709002494812,
0.527771532535553,
-0.21534517407417297,
0.9152355194091797,
0.2381252497434616,
-0.6437535285949707,
0.307586133480072,
0.012915603816509247,
0.29147666692733765,
-0.2339523285627365,
-0.22549039125442505,
0.6417695879936218,
-0.2796233594417572,
0.25847187638282776,
-0.8596807718276978,
-0.33595407009124756,
-0.21258896589279175,
-0.1219806969165802,
-0.9331784248352051,
0.38311296701431274,
-1.2188119888305664,
0.5312731266021729,
-0.8751506805419922,
0.5952386856079102,
-0.6615341901779175,
-0.5141370296478271,
-0.3131716549396515,
-0.5378769636154175,
0.7935683727264404,
-0.5562427043914795,
-1.2565743923187256,
-1.1096420288085938,
0.5114866495132446,
0.07322156429290771,
0.4445076584815979,
1.3692004680633545,
-0.7728651762008667,
-0.49157994985580444,
0.40349847078323364,
-0.9887931942939758,
-0.018571138381958008,
0.1316983997821808,
0.5768202543258667,
0.14941155910491943,
-1.0132169723510742,
-0.5399682521820068,
0.1983823925256729,
0.059883974492549896,
-0.5032250881195068,
-0.29168465733528137,
-0.6190787553787231,
-0.008473077788949013,
0.9310905933380127,
0.3006981611251831,
-0.07975327968597412,
-0.5954394340515137,
0.5319064855575562,
-0.09658312052488327,
-0.4774734675884247,
0.9582292437553406,
-0.586468517780304,
0.020590931177139282,
1.2850972414016724,
-0.6191012859344482,
0.5369781255722046,
0.6505652070045471,
0.8950049877166748,
-0.5080603361129761,
0.49872851371765137,
-0.3773374855518341,
-1.0830204486846924,
-0.014079496264457703,
-0.9123930931091309,
0.08517111837863922,
0.07658746838569641,
0.8586030006408691,
2.1276564598083496,
-0.8331003785133362,
-0.5398455262184143,
-0.38041210174560547,
0.24834391474723816,
0.29248180985450745,
0.5170837640762329,
0.4942460060119629,
0.19683119654655457,
-0.34417158365249634,
0.454987108707428,
0.513131320476532,
0.08894655108451843,
0.05538366362452507,
-0.2846031188964844,
-0.620161235332489,
-0.03550855815410614,
-0.16665218770503998,
0.8031876087188721,
1.4310851097106934,
-0.14862161874771118,
0.4281681776046753,
0.5601416826248169,
0.20992784202098846,
-0.5362095832824707,
-0.5552386045455933,
0.2600536644458771,
1.4552123546600342,
-0.16702350974082947,
0.10380922257900238,
-0.9794065952301025,
-0.4710444211959839,
-1.8532257080078125,
0.3455576002597809,
0.6241463422775269,
0.8065891861915588,
0.168555349111557,
0.12176628410816193,
-0.6979931592941284,
-0.20096516609191895,
-0.6441437005996704,
0.4577929675579071,
0.2661190629005432,
0.8190152645111084,
0.287897527217865,
-0.15950149297714233,
1.1489551067352295,
0.16246068477630615,
0.22951358556747437,
-0.2697272300720215,
0.5116143822669983,
-0.8177573680877686,
0.006055869162082672,
-1.4689514636993408,
0.7299706935882568,
1.233726978302002,
-0.4674305319786072,
1.1808712482452393,
-0.04013475775718689,
0.8271758556365967,
-1.1349202394485474,
-0.02281796932220459,
0.6865884065628052,
0.01963306963443756,
0.017163559794425964,
0.023674365133047104,
0.19736719131469727,
-0.40468519926071167,
0.13036000728607178,
0.35205963253974915,
-0.06467436254024506,
0.5470667481422424,
-0.5093955397605896,
0.12046124041080475,
0.4846741855144501,
-0.15638405084609985
] |
what do the equinoxes look like at the poles? | if you're standing at the north pole on the summer solstice the sun should be high in the sky (at an angle equal to the inclination of the earth's axis if my brain is working) all day, and of course during the winter solstice the sun is always on the other side of the planet. but what would it be during the equinox? would it be constant twilight, with the sun just on the horizon? would the sun be a bit above the horizon because of the curvature of the earth? does it appear to move up or down as it circle around you? | the sun's altitude is always on the move. if you stood at the north pole and took a snapshot of the sun once every 24 hours over the course of a year, it would rise to a maximum in summer, fall, disappear below the horizon for six months, then rise again to reappear in the spring, in a sinusoidal manner. if you catch it on the equinox, it's actually at the point in the cycle where its altitude is changing the most quickly. during the course of a day on the equinox it will crawl around the horizon, slowly dipping on the autumnul equinox. on the vernal equinox it will reappear and crawl around the horizon, slowly rising during the course of the day. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.46599170565605164,
0.3215675354003906,
1.171104073524475,
1.1292476654052734,
0.6462031602859497,
0.0735311210155487,
-0.5406679511070251,
-1.4120228290557861,
1.6537431478500366,
0.42429715394973755,
0.9464361667633057,
-0.20258060097694397,
-0.19038796424865723,
-0.6164673566818237,
0.997413158416748,
-0.1752004325389862,
-0.3931277394294739,
-0.4934402108192444,
-1.1854135990142822,
-0.709991455078125,
-0.8573969602584839,
-0.04931068420410156,
-1.6089969873428345,
0.919623851776123,
-0.5238111615180969,
-0.7657050490379333,
-0.922183096408844,
0.4109700918197632,
-1.025874137878418,
-0.9010480046272278,
-0.6059384942054749,
-0.35638391971588135,
-1.5657224655151367,
-0.9324592351913452,
-0.0844910740852356,
1.3188204765319824,
-0.36580991744995117,
-1.0970594882965088,
-1.1750128269195557,
0.23515191674232483,
0.20935672521591187,
-1.0163304805755615,
-0.3445386290550232,
0.35007524490356445,
1.9483100175857544,
2.3145699501037598,
-0.35992881655693054,
0.14272284507751465,
0.16562519967556,
1.7925130128860474,
0.06040307879447937,
-1.0583581924438477,
-0.6785750389099121,
-1.455681324005127,
-0.11246655136346817,
3.047456979751587,
0.2643354833126068,
-0.10726224631071091,
1.3083581924438477,
-0.03134359419345856,
-0.3499562740325928,
0.33294063806533813,
-1.3169493675231934,
1.3952323198318481,
0.9371764659881592,
-0.5286356806755066,
-1.7195546627044678,
-1.684783935546875,
-0.34984344244003296,
-0.04311731457710266,
-0.29059112071990967,
-1.090970754623413,
-1.2660613059997559,
-3.5090415477752686,
-1.0677337646484375,
-0.7321420907974243,
0.7841265797615051,
-0.6445062160491943,
0.06278176605701447,
-1.0580322742462158,
0.8353101015090942,
-0.13889017701148987,
-0.40808725357055664,
-1.0404678583145142,
0.8479948043823242,
0.2638047933578491,
1.8765125274658203,
0.7179003357887268,
1.7343072891235352,
-0.3944248557090759,
-0.779216468334198,
-0.5194944143295288,
-2.0599257946014404,
-0.7692714929580688,
-0.009380556643009186,
1.4220153093338013,
-0.9704693555831909,
-1.2530683279037476,
0.8308533430099487,
-0.014519989490509033,
-0.41566935181617737,
-0.12261312454938889,
-2.6602797508239746,
1.5054608583450317,
-1.5695191621780396,
-0.3691652715206146,
1.1779663562774658,
-0.16728833317756653,
-0.24716705083847046,
0.7675958275794983,
-0.6325494647026062,
-0.16393636167049408,
1.8096178770065308,
-0.3204048275947571,
0.17616578936576843,
1.8877685070037842,
-1.1544615030288696,
-0.022337492555379868,
-0.9149583578109741,
0.4306841194629669,
0.7700042724609375,
-0.3716849684715271,
0.97036212682724,
0.9992309212684631,
0.7789842486381531,
-0.03798513114452362,
3.171912908554077,
0.679967999458313,
0.0990850031375885,
-0.838852047920227,
1.3324354887008667,
-1.3595848083496094,
0.4044587016105652,
-1.0826677083969116,
-1.868964672088623,
0.16258586943149567,
1.1420283317565918,
-1.330871343612671,
-0.5673502683639526,
-0.15952381491661072,
-0.6903029680252075,
0.6871851682662964,
0.9300153851509094,
-1.7209959030151367,
1.635179042816162,
1.1418163776397705,
1.0703634023666382,
-0.7122543454170227,
-0.22322343289852142,
-2.1609044075012207,
-1.6074312925338745,
-1.301345944404602,
-0.35669225454330444,
1.3681788444519043,
0.1782819777727127,
1.071725606918335,
-0.9566219449043274,
1.1403121948242188,
1.5663219690322876,
-1.4593737125396729,
-2.6716458797454834,
0.1278785765171051,
-0.40900546312332153,
0.8675967454910278,
-0.16813310980796814,
1.350788950920105,
-0.16614755988121033,
0.5545843839645386,
-0.2410774827003479,
0.14203497767448425,
-1.0570350885391235,
-0.6232132315635681,
-0.016521193087100983,
-1.0770913362503052,
1.5171566009521484,
0.35086363554000854,
-1.2948716878890991,
1.1955246925354004,
0.152732253074646,
0.866494357585907,
0.8429750800132751,
-1.2899959087371826,
1.7407348155975342,
0.9816643595695496,
0.26496422290802,
-1.4655978679656982,
-0.6150315999984741,
0.24382084608078003,
0.6077116131782532,
-0.896261990070343,
0.5837101936340332,
-1.1841132640838623,
0.037183165550231934,
2.503811836242676,
-0.5830698609352112,
1.1019275188446045,
-1.6800286769866943,
0.7497478127479553,
0.290224552154541,
0.31766200065612793,
-0.5840164422988892,
-1.7823126316070557,
1.220474362373352,
-1.566293478012085,
2.290799617767334,
0.2373102754354477,
0.8353289365768433,
-0.062013208866119385,
-0.029547452926635742,
0.6470244526863098,
0.6516073346138,
-0.8913682699203491,
1.6012334823608398,
-1.385226845741272,
0.883941113948822,
1.137547492980957,
-0.9945435523986816,
-0.10626220703125,
-0.6932188272476196,
-0.3588467240333557,
1.5650804042816162,
-1.428671956062317,
1.2663670778274536,
-1.8065531253814697,
0.2917552590370178,
0.4377468228340149,
-0.7727378606796265,
1.161407232284546,
0.8395810127258301,
1.487644076347351,
-0.019963018596172333,
3.5574398040771484,
-1.3292826414108276,
2.553262233734131,
-1.6394970417022705,
-0.8532212972640991,
-1.4096720218658447,
0.8751369118690491,
1.7021913528442383,
-1.0305099487304688,
0.20518434047698975,
2.744535207748413,
-0.3345370888710022,
0.9155428409576416,
-0.44989272952079773,
0.886660635471344,
-0.9240991473197937,
-1.2094404697418213,
1.5780291557312012,
0.795847475528717,
-0.0749557763338089,
1.1335017681121826,
-0.36182641983032227,
-0.9543485641479492,
-1.6324360370635986,
-0.8759111166000366,
-1.254488468170166,
0.449861079454422,
-0.6178520321846008,
2.456836223602295,
0.18364310264587402,
-1.6740549802780151,
-1.6759850978851318,
0.31601718068122864,
0.8830165266990662,
0.1370495706796646,
1.1465816497802734,
0.5528751611709595,
-0.4747406244277954,
0.8599341511726379,
-0.6773167848587036,
2.168642997741699,
-0.17917077243328094,
0.002422317862510681,
0.3310997188091278,
-0.8412967920303345,
0.03359568119049072,
-0.03203843533992767,
1.2750062942504883,
0.5738680362701416,
-0.7215068936347961,
-0.8262974619865417,
-2.7184104919433594,
-0.6201437711715698,
0.30255886912345886,
-1.1449261903762817,
0.2437773048877716,
-0.19299015402793884,
0.8384103775024414,
-0.7086664438247681,
0.4213877320289612,
2.8517465591430664,
0.3586796522140503,
0.363959401845932,
1.0812742710113525,
-0.040568992495536804,
-2.5375170707702637,
-1.0668423175811768,
-0.8476921319961548,
-1.136629343032837,
1.0327622890472412,
0.3738746643066406,
0.12431034445762634,
-1.1074485778808594,
-2.1218390464782715,
-0.3350676894187927,
0.654105544090271,
-0.5466039776802063,
-1.1177781820297241,
-0.8844202756881714,
-1.4699935913085938,
-0.8981752991676331,
1.2080168724060059,
1.0393848419189453,
-0.2876082956790924,
0.4799642860889435,
0.08462926745414734,
0.9854395389556885,
-0.5394625663757324,
-0.22944672405719757,
-0.014880042523145676,
0.7058197259902954,
0.8373255133628845,
1.9178906679153442,
0.9117597937583923,
0.2182956039905548,
2.778576374053955,
-0.564082682132721,
-0.07051464170217514,
-0.9625749588012695,
0.16774198412895203,
0.4790463149547577,
2.339646577835083,
-0.39348044991493225,
0.8219468593597412,
0.7439374923706055,
0.7129709124565125,
-0.896365761756897,
-1.279422402381897,
-0.09769153594970703,
-1.296698808670044,
1.9009859561920166,
1.583871603012085,
-0.8769416809082031,
0.575397253036499,
-0.22998693585395813,
0.48507261276245117,
0.9385466575622559,
-0.21667395532131195,
-0.08595365285873413,
0.05238429456949234,
0.8246158957481384,
0.36032968759536743,
-0.2826114296913147,
-0.7111635208129883,
-0.8676736950874329,
-1.3046810626983643,
1.5859060287475586,
1.443593978881836,
0.2053760588169098,
0.9578189849853516,
1.035175085067749,
0.7735282182693481,
2.9200408458709717,
-1.400667667388916,
1.1642588376998901,
-0.5204318761825562,
-1.4644505977630615,
-0.32539886236190796,
-0.9386786222457886,
-0.6713436841964722,
0.33889931440353394,
0.8950965404510498,
-0.3263704478740692,
-0.7747753262519836,
0.2720012366771698,
0.03796463459730148,
-0.8680912256240845,
-0.5967913866043091,
0.03647558391094208,
-0.4633406400680542,
-0.07524212449789047,
-0.8168981671333313,
0.026937242597341537
] |
i recently purchased a huge book of critical thinking questions. are there any long term, positive neural effects from doing at least 10 of these a day? | this is a question i get from patients *at least* 20 times per week. in general, this is my response: there is a huge pile of research saying that it could be helpful in maintaining cognitive performances and preventing cognitive decline during aging. there is an equally huge pile of research saying that it won't do anything. after reading these huge piles of research, i believe that future scientific research will help us better understand why some cognitive tasks help prevent cognitive declines in some people, and to better understand which tasks are helpful, which aren't, who will benefit and who won't. however, at this point we just don't know. my take at this point is that doing them won't cause any *harm*, so it's certainly not a bad thing. just be wary of any companies or programs who claim that their program has been "proven" to prevent disease progression or cognitive decline. sorry i can't go into more detail about the research right now, i just don't have time. but there are a number of qualified neuro folk on as who can help answer this. also, be sure to search past threads on as as this has been discussed several times before. all the best! | 10 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.5243616104125977,
-0.21191808581352234,
-0.5689825415611267,
-1.2691011428833008,
-0.19535648822784424,
0.7539036870002747,
-0.7148237228393555,
0.9423364400863647,
0.6264379024505615,
-0.27328628301620483,
0.8666532635688782,
1.9120279550552368,
0.7790579795837402,
-0.05699247121810913,
-2.3747124671936035,
-0.9336915016174316,
0.5988718271255493,
-0.6720876693725586,
-1.1267274618148804,
0.408108651638031,
-1.4000355005264282,
0.7892253994941711,
2.914839506149292,
0.4250647723674774,
-0.12769770622253418,
0.9510911703109741,
-1.0502687692642212,
-1.0121935606002808,
-0.6527464985847473,
0.9506787657737732,
-0.2190646529197693,
0.7612138390541077,
-0.06944569945335388,
-1.333021640777588,
-0.3214346766471863,
0.618610143661499,
0.06960845738649368,
0.6272580027580261,
1.152313470840454,
-0.9619805216789246,
0.1250019371509552,
-0.20091626048088074,
-1.0311505794525146,
2.2044029235839844,
1.041765809059143,
1.251938819885254,
-0.07937809824943542,
-0.6855062246322632,
-2.152536392211914,
1.1557673215866089,
-0.4808768928050995,
-0.856834352016449,
0.1530817151069641,
0.4289318025112152,
0.2765269875526428,
-0.397236704826355,
-0.07647465169429779,
-1.0467100143432617,
-0.7003214359283447,
0.9668046832084656,
-0.29961806535720825,
-1.344616413116455,
-2.3488523960113525,
1.4223641157150269,
3.5219790935516357,
0.9218932390213013,
0.8926894664764404,
-0.16181224584579468,
-0.8923541307449341,
2.511820077896118,
1.3695390224456787,
-0.30273905396461487,
-1.048160433769226,
0.3794572353363037,
1.5917636156082153,
0.22397655248641968,
-0.1513630747795105,
-0.6739911437034607,
1.3402808904647827,
-1.7698400020599365,
1.2121055126190186,
0.7626718282699585,
0.41475069522857666,
-0.144494891166687,
1.2180066108703613,
-0.20165681838989258,
1.6862696409225464,
0.3268822729587555,
1.468252420425415,
-0.9036534428596497,
-0.69822758436203,
-0.5507412552833557,
1.6221505403518677,
-0.8650319576263428,
-0.1878877729177475,
2.149132013320923,
0.3627033829689026,
-0.5015032291412354,
-0.4599679410457611,
1.077152967453003,
-1.9626500606536865,
-0.17927449941635132,
-1.9458922147750854,
-2.2178497314453125,
-2.122957706451416,
-2.1488289833068848,
0.6945897340774536,
0.7236854434013367,
-0.6900478005409241,
0.1490657925605774,
-1.4442572593688965,
-0.09007241576910019,
-0.31707763671875,
-0.40139296650886536,
-0.5384304523468018,
-1.0276738405227661,
-0.18622219562530518,
0.6923967003822327,
0.9662230014801025,
-0.6384491920471191,
1.1905596256256104,
-0.11597505211830139,
0.3746860921382904,
0.23445430397987366,
0.7291777729988098,
0.30105340480804443,
-2.0461764335632324,
1.9058529138565063,
0.8012282252311707,
1.9830533266067505,
1.6935118436813354,
-0.7793246507644653,
-1.3060647249221802,
-0.3075600266456604,
-1.9250788688659668,
-0.643413782119751,
2.1462202072143555,
-3.1540260314941406,
-1.561546802520752,
1.81333327293396,
1.3929548263549805,
2.3478031158447266,
1.5050960779190063,
0.057895462960004807,
0.5335344672203064,
2.063204288482666,
0.0003381669521331787,
-0.4541761875152588,
1.3678964376449585,
-1.1808032989501953,
0.23705041408538818,
-0.7684414386749268,
0.9427782297134399,
-0.7765987515449524,
-0.19749760627746582,
-1.6721636056900024,
0.7987322211265564,
1.0949468612670898,
-1.1111972332000732,
-0.054536715149879456,
-1.525321125984192,
-0.41815847158432007,
-0.6836525797843933,
1.8303420543670654,
-0.38835492730140686,
-0.10943761467933655,
0.5703496932983398,
-1.0881019830703735,
0.48725128173828125,
1.9098460674285889,
-0.23518244922161102,
-0.49074992537498474,
0.9608493447303772,
-0.7712664604187012,
0.9099771976470947,
-1.3228445053100586,
-3.805053472518921,
0.8526853919029236,
-0.25835421681404114,
-0.06529497355222702,
-1.3786143064498901,
-1.4794058799743652,
1.3992269039154053,
0.3985725939273834,
-0.30765292048454285,
-0.07431484758853912,
-0.29434046149253845,
0.7748866081237793,
-0.6135722398757935,
-1.241319179534912,
-3.219118595123291,
-0.5952785611152649,
-0.5169311761856079,
2.1042165756225586,
-0.5300068855285645,
-1.9551886320114136,
-0.9431507587432861,
-0.5445747375488281,
-1.3495125770568848,
-0.41196030378341675,
-1.4284014701843262,
-1.6231796741485596,
-0.7544688582420349,
-1.1227176189422607,
1.459263801574707,
0.6834880113601685,
-1.3765873908996582,
-1.1733182668685913,
0.8594066500663757,
-0.37983644008636475,
-1.6065430641174316,
-1.5005106925964355,
0.37470412254333496,
0.352726548910141,
1.5182121992111206,
-0.380571186542511,
-1.0873583555221558,
0.27483880519866943,
-0.26450085639953613,
-0.21536611020565033,
-0.5176761150360107,
-0.14829911291599274,
0.2145698368549347,
-1.5860047340393066,
-3.208113670349121,
-2.022388458251953,
0.38901403546333313,
1.5413272380828857,
0.3240202069282532,
0.6478593349456787,
-0.028508346527814865,
-1.5777000188827515,
0.4273670017719269,
0.016630351543426514,
-0.80669105052948,
-2.8495407104492188,
0.6642888188362122,
-0.005082510411739349,
-1.57077956199646,
-1.6414940357208252,
-1.5455280542373657,
0.6175931096076965,
-1.3230016231536865,
0.43663156032562256,
-1.3684475421905518,
3.588986873626709,
-1.246557593345642,
1.2450112104415894,
0.22279632091522217,
1.2291456460952759,
-3.8463551998138428,
0.37941932678222656,
-1.679877519607544,
-0.6864550709724426,
-0.9266198873519897,
-0.6209454536437988,
-2.6090965270996094,
0.2622804045677185,
-0.2786729037761688,
3.2056963443756104,
2.6119537353515625,
-0.4755878448486328,
-1.2730554342269897,
0.6078426241874695,
2.524108409881592,
0.39178404211997986,
-1.23442804813385,
1.4383280277252197,
-0.9655920267105103,
0.9095941185951233,
-1.6373014450073242,
-1.140816569328308,
0.8214657306671143,
1.019242286682129,
2.0823285579681396,
0.8389628529548645,
0.12928128242492676,
-1.7241401672363281,
-0.21025212109088898,
-0.18192675709724426,
2.170771598815918,
-3.2688910961151123,
-1.5123116970062256,
1.0952792167663574,
-0.07242167741060257,
-0.6254608035087585,
-0.1726682186126709,
0.48576098680496216,
0.8769950866699219,
-1.0545430183410645,
0.8535078167915344,
4.1612114906311035,
0.2878990173339844,
-0.9086992740631104,
2.1045193672180176,
1.055489182472229,
-1.5017755031585693,
-1.8157094717025757,
-0.4142860770225525,
0.36911988258361816,
-0.7970218062400818,
-0.21634051203727722,
-0.8158256411552429,
0.20587342977523804,
-0.6472357511520386,
-0.3723202049732208,
1.4544106721878052,
-0.4083252549171448,
-0.9697286486625671,
1.548325538635254,
0.275747686624527,
-1.7909033298492432,
0.35014861822128296,
0.8382318019866943,
-2.6139731407165527,
-0.07313929498195648,
-2.348116159439087,
0.05832165479660034,
0.180020272731781,
2.09332013130188,
2.7293853759765625,
0.6396369338035583,
0.2623521089553833,
2.9275665283203125,
-0.21437597274780273,
-1.3255770206451416,
-0.5896656513214111,
0.711161732673645,
-1.1578980684280396,
1.170832872390747,
-0.13460519909858704,
1.3629088401794434,
-0.17128394544124603,
-1.016274094581604,
1.109588384628296,
0.645416796207428,
0.3633987605571747,
0.21128584444522858,
-2.1322758197784424,
-1.5561072826385498,
1.6587468385696411,
1.5415728092193604,
0.24855387210845947,
0.018339723348617554,
0.6104364395141602,
0.5650541186332703,
2.948538303375244,
3.1124062538146973,
-1.5444092750549316,
0.00414612889289856,
0.07786308228969574,
1.8263951539993286,
-1.0189589262008667,
-1.1140638589859009,
3.566598892211914,
-1.6506596803665161,
-0.05541360378265381,
1.4296995401382446,
-0.03843611851334572,
-1.4377312660217285,
-0.25282931327819824,
0.7013309001922607,
-0.4377281665802002,
4.973052501678467,
-0.1359984278678894,
-0.22327165305614471,
-0.8924144506454468,
-0.39433521032333374,
0.366932213306427,
-0.79104083776474,
-0.43999266624450684,
0.7723061442375183,
1.5955485105514526,
0.612282931804657,
1.0297515392303467,
1.2005177736282349,
1.3141024112701416,
-1.18511962890625,
-2.5590016841888428,
0.7015887498855591,
2.506279468536377,
-1.138877034187317,
2.8390653133392334,
0.845962405204773
] |
|
when scientific articles mention that they have "adjusted for" various factors, how is it done and how accurate are the results? | [this study](_url_0_) has gotten a lot of attention in the media, as it suggests that eating fruits and vegetables is very good for you. my first thought (before looking at the article), was that people who eat fruit are well-educated and from a high social class and therefore live healthily. in the study, these factors are all adjusted for - but i have no idea how. can anyone explain it? | you can adjust for certain things by choosing the right things to measure and by trying to diversify your sample. for example, a common question is "do men and women make the same amount of money?" you could look at total amount of money for a year, but then you are ignoring the amount of time worked. so to adjust for that you look at money per hour worked. that is better, but that ignores that there might be differences in experience in your sample. so you take a look at money per hour per year worked. in the case of the article you mention, they could do something like split the people in the sample into two groups, one wealthy and one poor. then they split those groups into the fruit/veggy eating and non fruit/veggy eating. now you can compare wealthy people to wealthy people and poor people to poor people. that way it should highlight the differences because of eating rather than just being wealthy. | 4 | [] | [
"http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2014/03/03/jech-2013-203500"
] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariate",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_linear_model"
] | [
1.0947421789169312,
1.527474045753479,
0.8203811049461365,
0.618915855884552,
-0.04056866094470024,
-1.4734251499176025,
1.7850937843322754,
-0.8851159811019897,
0.6113588809967041,
-1.1716059446334839,
0.9021695852279663,
1.147931694984436,
-0.6072458028793335,
-1.1009963750839233,
1.0501574277877808,
-2.6395955085754395,
1.3766218423843384,
-1.7733969688415527,
-3.624579906463623,
2.084529161453247,
-1.8012948036193848,
-3.0199925899505615,
-0.3736402094364166,
-0.23873984813690186,
2.2374050617218018,
0.5637494325637817,
-0.10768146812915802,
0.2741481363773346,
0.06530264019966125,
0.23084783554077148,
0.0842389166355133,
1.7027000188827515,
1.5292178392410278,
-0.30649861693382263,
-0.8355897068977356,
0.3429916203022003,
0.901563286781311,
1.7060112953186035,
1.2863402366638184,
0.8408233523368835,
-0.19290433824062347,
-1.6473852396011353,
-0.9543240666389465,
-0.2778588533401489,
-0.6326056122779846,
-1.0609694719314575,
2.977605104446411,
1.1692566871643066,
0.15401825308799744,
1.0312780141830444,
-0.9475589990615845,
-0.01736031472682953,
0.737277090549469,
-0.9201565980911255,
-0.5862310528755188,
0.3545399010181427,
1.9016555547714233,
-0.6765984296798706,
-0.549542248249054,
0.9624782204627991,
-0.7570668458938599,
0.7750093936920166,
-0.8920504450798035,
0.6967357397079468,
2.196382522583008,
0.10262452065944672,
-0.7788263559341431,
0.7556569576263428,
-3.577670097351074,
0.583574652671814,
2.8216910362243652,
-1.1610045433044434,
-0.7604381442070007,
-0.3597094416618347,
-0.4557007849216461,
-0.60657799243927,
0.45038020610809326,
-0.7733346223831177,
-0.07957323640584946,
1.139699935913086,
-0.8002604842185974,
0.36125022172927856,
-1.0385668277740479,
-0.5259478092193604,
-1.5708340406417847,
-1.4728859663009644,
0.5741478204727173,
-1.0575653314590454,
2.688408613204956,
-0.8170565366744995,
-0.19386127591133118,
0.860386073589325,
0.6361677646636963,
-0.2702493965625763,
0.8200435042381287,
1.18817138671875,
-0.746099591255188,
-1.0756618976593018,
1.1995404958724976,
1.1037530899047852,
-0.7023112177848816,
1.9341354370117188,
0.640772819519043,
-1.3715416193008423,
0.9053447246551514,
-2.8877575397491455,
-2.191279172897339,
1.9226529598236084,
1.8999942541122437,
0.5008866786956787,
0.016398929059505463,
1.2090524435043335,
0.542104959487915,
-0.5714007616043091,
-0.7977576851844788,
-1.0807493925094604,
-1.7774198055267334,
-0.062497302889823914,
1.24656343460083,
-1.5965137481689453,
1.2740310430526733,
2.4800338745117188,
-0.14542753994464874,
-0.6610044240951538,
-1.180399775505066,
-0.3180060088634491,
-0.9397521615028381,
1.695562720298767,
-2.3646769523620605,
-0.980237603187561,
1.3791128396987915,
-0.7583920359611511,
-0.9954437017440796,
-0.011750459671020508,
-1.3709429502487183,
-1.5036637783050537,
1.329667568206787,
-1.0538911819458008,
1.477197527885437,
2.541632890701294,
1.4086225032806396,
2.4697132110595703,
-0.30562928318977356,
1.7747153043746948,
-2.6765458583831787,
3.13080096244812,
1.6546196937561035,
0.2164623737335205,
-0.4655289351940155,
-1.3295166492462158,
0.8925260305404663,
-0.2521136999130249,
1.3700649738311768,
-2.4070043563842773,
-1.1438199281692505,
-1.13291335105896,
2.155076265335083,
0.5591925382614136,
-0.0013476014137268066,
0.8764873147010803,
-0.6618126630783081,
-1.2839746475219727,
-1.9819097518920898,
-0.6545910239219666,
2.16312313079834,
0.9416137933731079,
0.2312898486852646,
-0.3107004761695862,
-0.38662782311439514,
0.3535166084766388,
2.3645620346069336,
-0.29363080859184265,
-0.9932879209518433,
1.2668163776397705,
0.6521496176719666,
0.7179593443870544,
-3.1309127807617188,
0.6196909546852112,
-0.671623945236206,
-1.2558482885360718,
0.8122503161430359,
-0.5647242069244385,
-1.8354544639587402,
-1.2626750469207764,
-0.17257238924503326,
-1.191417932510376,
-1.5422542095184326,
-0.1336950659751892,
-0.7178354859352112,
-0.08389222621917725,
-1.211617350578308,
1.3207201957702637,
-2.8709864616394043,
1.5660080909729004,
0.10818904638290405,
0.39651280641555786,
0.16082528233528137,
1.363629698753357,
-0.4175732731819153,
0.3218150734901428,
-1.678823709487915,
0.4312712252140045,
-0.6212505102157593,
-1.2762328386306763,
0.6274632215499878,
0.5258973836898804,
1.7846455574035645,
-0.2393222153186798,
2.9306116104125977,
0.00731128454208374,
-0.2611446976661682,
-0.2800717055797577,
-1.1728718280792236,
2.850980758666992,
1.3340098857879639,
-0.5593822002410889,
1.3046828508377075,
0.02133089303970337,
-1.3563528060913086,
-0.16832411289215088,
-0.33520328998565674,
-1.2127985954284668,
1.3140718936920166,
-1.39083731174469,
-3.2154483795166016,
-1.0136430263519287,
1.8086353540420532,
0.5852742195129395,
2.220320224761963,
-1.2150171995162964,
1.32626473903656,
-2.2687692642211914,
0.9538363218307495,
1.045837640762329,
-2.3102269172668457,
-1.9917266368865967,
1.541117787361145,
-0.416702002286911,
-0.8012767434120178,
-1.1252918243408203,
1.0963022708892822,
0.7213679552078247,
0.06042678654193878,
-0.6997251510620117,
-1.549260139465332,
1.4472097158432007,
1.0202420949935913,
1.7645246982574463,
-0.5369998216629028,
-0.2233235239982605,
-4.562877655029297,
-1.613951563835144,
-0.6803240776062012,
-0.2269488275051117,
-1.5347188711166382,
-1.5378564596176147,
-2.234889507293701,
-1.019353985786438,
-0.12195290625095367,
-0.01726590096950531,
-1.2217516899108887,
-2.0122952461242676,
-0.07802528142929077,
0.8174723386764526,
0.6615126729011536,
-2.278154134750366,
-0.2952795922756195,
-0.8175215125083923,
-0.01625194400548935,
-0.9657734632492065,
-1.1390072107315063,
-1.4520423412322998,
2.136319398880005,
-1.2398250102996826,
1.412996530532837,
0.7145528793334961,
0.4586784839630127,
0.676724910736084,
-2.6638853549957275,
-1.1334317922592163,
2.1202542781829834,
-1.264687418937683,
-1.2141828536987305,
1.5436886548995972,
-1.4123107194900513,
0.4423779845237732,
0.7180646061897278,
3.621366500854492,
-0.15968427062034607,
-1.0935918092727661,
0.2216080278158188,
0.7354385852813721,
-1.4940061569213867,
-0.3508979380130768,
0.7492076754570007,
-1.388995885848999,
0.5600056648254395,
0.2267361879348755,
0.732096254825592,
0.789860725402832,
0.5629059076309204,
0.3186798393726349,
1.0828688144683838,
0.2518743574619293,
0.000012069940567016602,
-0.47983524203300476,
1.760715365409851,
-0.6163961887359619,
-2.4139456748962402,
1.533808946609497,
0.2842639088630676,
-1.4177714586257935,
-0.3415384888648987,
-0.050853222608566284,
-2.045454740524292,
-1.8080639839172363,
0.2547418177127838,
0.3662552833557129,
1.0358855724334717,
1.672189474105835,
1.394393801689148,
-0.318328857421875,
1.8705642223358154,
2.4097819328308105,
-0.41406217217445374,
-3.269409656524658,
-0.327944815158844,
1.4379997253417969,
-0.5495491623878479,
1.9743651151657104,
-1.5694284439086914,
1.5949009656906128,
0.6355955600738525,
0.9515202641487122,
0.05618063360452652,
0.5184680223464966,
-0.37156978249549866,
-0.1560094952583313,
-0.9742707014083862,
1.8737019300460815,
2.025752544403076,
0.337137907743454,
-0.5913718342781067,
0.39816519618034363,
-0.3837997615337372,
1.4229722023010254,
0.2554458975791931,
3.030890941619873,
0.2734697461128235,
1.3007291555404663,
1.8984607458114624,
0.28399837017059326,
-0.6017565727233887,
-0.32275494933128357,
3.2326784133911133,
-2.0840771198272705,
-0.49423131346702576,
0.23699259757995605,
-0.34213995933532715,
-0.5780249834060669,
-1.1957956552505493,
-1.077958345413208,
0.4655413329601288,
2.397813081741333,
0.3830902576446533,
-0.45995083451271057,
-4.018224239349365,
1.332883596420288,
-0.14891885221004486,
-1.2190062999725342,
-0.3679858148097992,
0.2647463083267212,
2.5942678451538086,
-2.6073498725891113,
0.31816452741622925,
-2.4372470378875732,
0.5174596905708313,
1.7942343950271606,
-1.5212879180908203,
-0.10716933012008667,
3.536593198776245,
-3.197131633758545,
1.017345666885376,
1.6572277545928955
] |
how did the lm connect to the csm in apollo era missions? | i was watching apollo 13 last night with my wife and i've always wondered: how exactly did the lm connect with the csm? i understand the basic principle that they had a retraction device that engaged once the probe on the csm made a connection with the dock on the lm, but what i don't get is how that then opened up the tunnel we see the astronauts using to ferry themselves between the lm and csm. where did all that space come from? my wife suggested the probe on the csm split open the top of the lm like a can opener, but that couldn't work because the lm has to separate for the moon landing. so, how exactly did they come up with an airtight system that could create an open, usable passage between the lm and csm and still be reused for lunar excursions? thanks! | if you look at the drawings and pictures of the lm (i have a pile of them from the nasa servers in my images directory) you see a rather large flat space around the top hatch on the lm and some hard points for them to clamp on. what they did was grabbed on to the lm then pulled it tight to seal a gasket against the mating surface around the hatch. when you see images from inside you'll see that there are two doors (one on the cm, one on the lm). | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://heroicrelics.org/stafford/apollo-probe-and-drogue/index.html",
"http://www.apollosaturn.com/asnr/docking.htm"
] | [
-0.8598089814186096,
0.6781660318374634,
-0.2894335389137268,
-0.20771461725234985,
-0.5667700171470642,
-0.4493979215621948,
0.9134361743927002,
0.3226287364959717,
0.5595591068267822,
-0.4011121392250061,
-0.09957937896251678,
0.1427026391029358,
0.521930456161499,
-1.0366336107254028,
-0.5453646183013916,
-0.3407976031303406,
-1.2135977745056152,
-0.5105994939804077,
-0.9006757140159607,
-0.07302606850862503,
0.8518235087394714,
-0.09383900463581085,
-0.4257223606109619,
-0.5398361682891846,
-1.2138301134109497,
-0.32802069187164307,
-0.6613064408302307,
0.755196750164032,
-0.3251795470714569,
-1.344360113143921,
-0.9783639907836914,
0.07635940611362457,
0.15444734692573547,
-0.31340304017066956,
1.6080708503723145,
0.500747799873352,
0.08196243643760681,
-0.34004709124565125,
-0.309365451335907,
-0.227724090218544,
0.7179909944534302,
-0.3591725826263428,
0.8870062828063965,
0.8308490514755249,
0.5851525068283081,
0.9066620469093323,
0.0999143123626709,
-0.9988982081413269,
-0.43241816759109497,
-0.5585082769393921,
0.031231775879859924,
-0.5970286726951599,
-0.03808942437171936,
0.07222253084182739,
-0.7193191051483154,
0.055185526609420776,
0.5296726822853088,
-0.5277749300003052,
0.4434870481491089,
-0.22943229973316193,
0.45264652371406555,
0.665005087852478,
-0.24404707551002502,
1.2642561197280884,
0.04479624330997467,
-0.6581963896751404,
0.04715288430452347,
-0.5218238234519958,
0.2547118067741394,
0.6820955276489258,
-0.37657028436660767,
-0.7018815875053406,
-1.2921797037124634,
-0.9040955901145935,
0.4901362657546997,
0.29579412937164307,
0.20314298570156097,
0.2417197823524475,
0.18283256888389587,
-1.0366485118865967,
-0.8503875732421875,
-1.437403678894043,
-0.5458454489707947,
-0.291734904050827,
-0.9531495571136475,
0.6165981292724609,
0.696429431438446,
0.1949184685945511,
-0.0025767292827367783,
-0.6430052518844604,
0.1453985571861267,
-0.38884326815605164,
-0.839310348033905,
0.8074543476104736,
-0.6770983338356018,
-0.04063804820179939,
0.43520021438598633,
-0.6538081765174866,
0.2718160152435303,
0.1638205200433731,
0.2711392641067505,
0.21065159142017365,
0.05456964671611786,
0.2618677616119385,
-0.370927095413208,
-0.08388692140579224,
-0.19270513951778412,
0.35527411103248596,
0.5081214904785156,
-0.9463681578636169,
-0.642300546169281,
0.20066827535629272,
1.1134408712387085,
0.12561461329460144,
-0.35521581768989563,
-1.054927945137024,
-0.09001442790031433,
0.32906201481819153,
-0.49878260493278503,
-0.028836175799369812,
0.4636034369468689,
-1.0592615604400635,
-0.7470585703849792,
0.036645978689193726,
0.005474921315908432,
-0.9932794570922852,
-0.48804450035095215,
0.9415112733840942,
0.015067707747220993,
-0.22405478358268738,
-0.17296604812145233,
-0.24022957682609558,
0.6543427109718323,
0.3180426061153412,
0.02047349512577057,
0.7040016055107117,
-0.4622451364994049,
1.2769618034362793,
-0.34896934032440186,
0.5966694355010986,
-0.3283412456512451,
-0.18343603610992432,
1.2321667671203613,
-1.1773180961608887,
-0.14696826040744781,
-0.04247593879699707,
-1.8326537609100342,
0.2819617688655853,
-1.2737514972686768,
-0.26990824937820435,
0.19247819483280182,
-0.3418418765068054,
2.2290000915527344,
0.8116114139556885,
-0.5784923434257507,
0.18772836029529572,
-0.8212974071502686,
1.5035319328308105,
0.5702742338180542,
0.39593297243118286,
-1.0202000141143799,
0.9905545711517334,
-0.7145923376083374,
0.8214593529701233,
-0.24866509437561035,
-0.29860296845436096,
-1.2523200511932373,
-0.6150939464569092,
0.15668261051177979,
-0.09506453573703766,
0.6259112358093262,
0.0663454458117485,
0.4212503731250763,
-0.4989154040813446,
-0.15781857073307037,
-0.07772013545036316,
0.43657946586608887,
0.8561538457870483,
0.5939982533454895,
1.2989810705184937,
-1.2148053646087646,
-0.10269328951835632,
1.7244623899459839,
1.2111234664916992,
0.09860595315694809,
0.3216511011123657,
0.8528497219085693,
1.2905430793762207,
0.024650946259498596,
-0.2742747664451599,
1.1415544748306274,
0.7707411050796509,
1.2772798538208008,
0.15328164398670197,
-0.41880378127098083,
-0.14430788159370422,
0.28697484731674194,
-0.5046607255935669,
-0.9296740293502808,
-0.1864280104637146,
0.7289965152740479,
-0.8644193410873413,
-0.6432507038116455,
-0.1579284816980362,
-0.004683300852775574,
-0.26132261753082275,
0.9499396085739136,
0.35430678725242615,
0.028691023588180542,
0.695212185382843,
0.3707568943500519,
-1.2327460050582886,
-0.7122423052787781,
-0.41794341802597046,
1.2882587909698486,
-0.381658673286438,
-0.3958456516265869,
-0.19311600923538208,
-1.0129692554473877,
0.3378738760948181,
0.3768278658390045,
-1.0267772674560547,
0.325771689414978,
-1.6961488723754883,
-0.6276766657829285,
-0.5263365507125854,
0.05587831139564514,
0.16917549073696136,
0.35568878054618835,
0.39801591634750366,
0.39412471652030945,
0.3333367109298706,
-0.4318399727344513,
1.7458529472351074,
-0.19728845357894897,
0.323270320892334,
-0.4548910856246948,
0.16997773945331573,
0.4371851086616516,
-0.4441679120063782,
1.0819754600524902,
-1.2392566204071045,
-0.5212245583534241,
1.6425572633743286,
0.8318477869033813,
0.743904173374176,
-0.6253038048744202,
0.38250914216041565,
0.3161352872848511,
0.7037341594696045,
-0.45058590173721313,
0.726743757724762,
-1.6788557767868042,
1.052588701248169,
-0.9604573249816895,
-0.7455325722694397,
-0.4383138418197632,
1.3411378860473633,
0.20209316909313202,
-0.3333192765712738,
2.078840494155884,
0.3954227566719055,
0.4184369146823883,
-1.6855955123901367,
0.09949038177728653,
0.37864023447036743,
-0.03130817413330078,
0.6684769988059998,
-1.0363078117370605,
-0.2947264313697815,
-0.0375915989279747,
-0.43554621934890747,
-0.9755561947822571,
0.6057442426681519,
0.047525644302368164,
0.1250980794429779,
-0.4094640612602234,
-0.9644718170166016,
-1.2413641214370728,
0.21238723397254944,
-0.6721256375312805,
0.10228913277387619,
1.2071964740753174,
0.31548386812210083,
1.4807250499725342,
-0.3545222878456116,
-0.13865987956523895,
-0.612755537033081,
-0.701248049736023,
-0.9668879508972168,
-0.014164544641971588,
0.9827377796173096,
-0.814329981803894,
0.21216778457164764,
0.13461950421333313,
0.1367587000131607,
0.9705484509468079,
0.4950636327266693,
0.29282450675964355,
0.6506299376487732,
0.36535727977752686,
-1.44282066822052,
-0.29729828238487244,
-0.2933518588542938,
-0.1311892867088318,
0.5504195690155029,
0.5759831666946411,
1.2155356407165527,
1.4420526027679443,
-0.20886000990867615,
-0.3774237334728241,
0.5683953166007996,
0.6299104690551758,
0.07123604416847229,
-0.2475898116827011,
1.0101902484893799,
0.8801165223121643,
0.3731306493282318,
0.7462689280509949,
0.1639753133058548,
-0.7399703860282898,
-0.22831480205059052,
0.4503520131111145,
-0.5356388092041016,
0.056474730372428894,
-0.1833268254995346,
-0.5762603282928467,
0.18824231624603271,
-0.7035645842552185,
0.15820446610450745,
0.06287334859371185,
-0.5384822487831116,
-0.5093995332717896,
0.2240867167711258,
0.8183169960975647,
1.3767468929290771,
-1.256385326385498,
-0.21492981910705566,
-0.7616190314292908,
-0.1824018508195877,
-1.454362392425537,
0.1622542440891266,
1.431514859199524,
0.24629616737365723,
0.4772617220878601,
-0.2556627690792084,
-0.79118412733078,
-0.055066145956516266,
-0.055174700915813446,
-0.658326268196106,
0.5959881544113159,
0.5793183445930481,
1.0559961795806885,
0.5847062468528748,
0.6637513637542725,
0.8142147660255432,
-0.1141267865896225,
0.5979530811309814,
0.9721274971961975,
-0.8486227989196777,
0.6562568545341492,
-0.9516235589981079,
-0.07760606706142426,
2.1231191158294678,
-1.1339287757873535,
1.9133386611938477,
0.15690575540065765,
0.11226760596036911,
-1.1542119979858398,
-0.18524789810180664,
0.21006706357002258,
-0.7898861765861511,
0.15946580469608307,
-0.1836252510547638,
0.7899909615516663,
-0.6009167432785034,
-0.28970959782600403,
0.1914236843585968,
0.40684133768081665,
1.327089548110962,
-1.8946382999420166,
1.413970708847046,
0.03151661157608032,
-0.1724899709224701
] |
what would happen to something sent down a tube that goes from one end of the earth to the other? | this question assumes that the tube in question would be fashioned such that the earth's heat would not affect it. the basic question has more to do with the physics of gravity. | it would accelerate the first half of the way until the centre, reaching about 8 km/s, before decelerating towards the other side. the total trip would take about 40 minutes. | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.081658124923706,
0.3948131203651428,
0.24437808990478516,
-0.4030259847640991,
-0.7887793779373169,
-0.17896905541419983,
-0.6284746527671814,
-0.11803551018238068,
-0.1644991636276245,
-0.09038802981376648,
0.15549451112747192,
0.036860570311546326,
0.7370477914810181,
-0.1359790563583374,
0.23651176691055298,
0.015374921262264252,
0.5590347647666931,
-0.2434731423854828,
-0.5916290283203125,
-0.054663658142089844,
0.26745107769966125,
-0.3471299409866333,
-0.22927770018577576,
0.015142187476158142,
0.4929533004760742,
0.41347748041152954,
0.01245899498462677,
0.2444969266653061,
-0.11631295830011368,
0.2370258867740631,
-0.4963991045951843,
-0.5551736354827881,
0.11716249585151672,
-0.7213051319122314,
0.42822590470314026,
0.34631019830703735,
-0.0766800120472908,
-0.04714083671569824,
0.4557059109210968,
0.38450464606285095,
0.822411060333252,
-0.05575617775321007,
0.172435462474823,
0.43412989377975464,
-0.05598139762878418,
0.5303764343261719,
-0.2354051172733307,
0.03929503262042999,
-0.2794807255268097,
0.26264581084251404,
-0.07559694349765778,
-0.12953175604343414,
0.7531697750091553,
-0.312460720539093,
-0.27889397740364075,
-0.2460266351699829,
0.22669804096221924,
-0.13273555040359497,
0.029609009623527527,
-0.08322082459926605,
-0.1398920714855194,
-0.07947108149528503,
0.26425400376319885,
0.042593348771333694,
0.343799352645874,
-0.08781279623508453,
-0.3330291509628296,
-0.20107270777225494,
-0.5790408849716187,
1.0013973712921143,
-0.47023481130599976,
-0.9108706116676331,
-0.5659456253051758,
-0.8471910953521729,
0.2367686927318573,
-0.19413834810256958,
-0.08217834681272507,
0.33826714754104614,
-0.2497859001159668,
-0.9391016960144043,
0.6460410356521606,
0.05225977301597595,
-0.4266788959503174,
0.48860108852386475,
-0.4277768135070801,
-0.19353702664375305,
0.671247124671936,
0.3265224099159241,
0.744811475276947,
-0.298310786485672,
0.23379123210906982,
-0.5165209770202637,
0.1281120777130127,
0.007184654474258423,
-0.43407389521598816,
-0.4750065803527832,
-0.27799952030181885,
0.613344669342041,
0.710722804069519,
-0.3700430989265442,
-0.42323487997055054,
0.4950360059738159,
-1.0865236520767212,
-1.0379201173782349,
-0.55729740858078,
-0.11917655169963837,
0.21758463978767395,
0.25458666682243347,
0.3265957236289978,
0.5727030038833618,
-0.40943944454193115,
0.0939711183309555,
0.7235146760940552,
0.05649352818727493,
-0.4741915166378021,
0.3426668047904968,
-0.26818808913230896,
0.3665047287940979,
-0.05868443846702576,
-0.7595936059951782,
0.6025940179824829,
-0.21697774529457092,
0.1388246715068817,
-0.009703457355499268,
-0.009323075413703918,
-0.09611332416534424,
0.5525510311126709,
0.3024108409881592,
0.12381543219089508,
-0.3047734498977661,
0.2642435133457184,
-0.39178580045700073,
0.1222035363316536,
-0.12090077996253967,
-0.4451751112937927,
0.11193918436765671,
0.6809983253479004,
-0.5588997006416321,
0.1256631314754486,
-0.2712649703025818,
0.050767332315444946,
-0.16002488136291504,
0.16264039278030396,
-0.5451965928077698,
-0.08458120375871658,
0.3240584433078766,
-0.18650831282138824,
-0.3177992105484009,
0.1211470514535904,
-0.6491067409515381,
-0.45498257875442505,
0.24166516959667206,
0.11633507162332535,
-0.7094565629959106,
-0.010871704667806625,
-0.16603466868400574,
-0.030463412404060364,
-0.07550523430109024,
-0.09601755440235138,
-0.3038882613182068,
-1.1699451208114624,
0.02465479075908661,
0.24999557435512543,
0.4696199297904968,
0.4564150869846344,
0.4499237537384033,
-0.0551595538854599,
-0.15895935893058777,
0.02479400485754013,
0.3515480160713196,
-0.04241855815052986,
-0.29264217615127563,
-0.15384353697299957,
-0.03306760638952255,
0.6837085485458374,
-0.11645545810461044,
-0.8609962463378906,
0.49414899945259094,
0.5643947124481201,
0.3192043900489807,
-0.13525041937828064,
-0.08418601006269455,
0.18638461828231812,
0.2784680426120758,
0.4192623496055603,
-0.30461055040359497,
0.20732392370700836,
0.5873358845710754,
0.3103148937225342,
-0.23621854186058044,
0.7895247936248779,
-0.140790194272995,
0.32990872859954834,
0.1347038298845291,
-0.24431011080741882,
0.6780098676681519,
0.09100095927715302,
0.47443532943725586,
0.24093565344810486,
-0.08780831843614578,
-0.286340594291687,
-0.8398610353469849,
0.000021714717149734497,
-0.42391344904899597,
0.44777125120162964,
-0.1769455373287201,
-0.15785197913646698,
-0.26653701066970825,
0.20444324612617493,
-0.08625480532646179,
-0.18545420467853546,
-0.868678092956543,
1.4010616540908813,
-0.22036001086235046,
0.6340317726135254,
-0.10090010613203049,
-0.8740657567977905,
-1.029348611831665,
-0.3450186848640442,
-0.11285680532455444,
-0.2612798511981964,
0.7510210871696472,
-0.44216829538345337,
-0.5306993722915649,
0.2594127953052521,
-0.16638848185539246,
0.077667236328125,
0.10996778309345245,
0.5620138645172119,
0.12287015467882156,
0.2863103151321411,
1.6569104194641113,
-0.7334970235824585,
0.7607952356338501,
-0.3181566894054413,
-0.13425497710704803,
0.678696870803833,
0.1650938093662262,
-0.22588062286376953,
-0.01365884393453598,
0.8794260025024414,
-0.2708103060722351,
-0.2229657620191574,
0.2428179681301117,
0.5923491716384888,
-0.06559929251670837,
0.3366090953350067,
0.09284766018390656,
0.36264723539352417,
0.7373768091201782,
-0.19943037629127502,
0.28692159056663513,
-0.9305576682090759,
-0.22982057929039001,
-0.6907821893692017,
-0.4652729332447052,
-0.5766608715057373,
0.7818199992179871,
-0.46492087841033936,
0.8843507766723633,
0.215999037027359,
0.0027882754802703857,
-0.22649379074573517,
-0.09144032001495361,
0.3841065466403961,
-0.6826231479644775,
0.1400461047887802,
-0.3054506778717041,
-0.02656535804271698,
0.029589548707008362,
0.08859002590179443,
0.26147061586380005,
-0.7461096048355103,
0.19843648374080658,
0.6364535689353943,
0.48183608055114746,
-0.34362244606018066,
0.17102782428264618,
0.13458749651908875,
-0.026514962315559387,
-0.2521405518054962,
-0.5265059471130371,
0.23583351075649261,
-0.15436385571956635,
-0.1860467493534088,
-0.21849030256271362,
0.4610411524772644,
0.34712550044059753,
0.09761655330657959,
-0.2245768904685974,
-0.19333767890930176,
0.6953295469284058,
-0.6470964550971985,
-0.24200013279914856,
-0.09309759736061096,
1.13592529296875,
-0.5344980359077454,
0.7845354080200195,
-0.2366008758544922,
-0.35146039724349976,
0.3540467619895935,
-0.32057058811187744,
-0.5986876487731934,
-0.038892775774002075,
-1.6070163249969482,
0.5640761852264404,
-0.12879160046577454,
0.08580419421195984,
0.30421310663223267,
0.19511312246322632,
-0.34414470195770264,
-1.0941871404647827,
0.14488691091537476,
0.3867148756980896,
-0.15936607122421265,
0.6162264347076416,
0.9079625606536865,
0.5714045763015747,
0.28753477334976196,
-0.41277018189430237,
0.20765767991542816,
0.41357001662254333,
0.5460797548294067,
1.0946786403656006,
0.4007438123226166,
-0.24975883960723877,
-0.5557687282562256,
-0.3160434067249298,
0.11536026000976562,
0.23741415143013,
0.9343749284744263,
0.03229476511478424,
0.14105519652366638,
0.7122844457626343,
-0.8083825707435608,
-0.05539490282535553,
0.07814745604991913,
-0.6154563426971436,
-0.5807290077209473,
-0.23810851573944092,
0.037821173667907715,
0.22654712200164795,
0.6496974229812622,
0.2687961757183075,
0.3502945601940155,
0.09877172857522964,
-0.26453346014022827,
-0.12474170327186584,
-0.2768154740333557,
-1.6597888469696045,
-0.5172634124755859,
0.2950906455516815,
-0.390880286693573,
-0.1298181414604187,
-0.4618598222732544,
-0.43973755836486816,
-0.7416183948516846,
0.4526546597480774,
-0.38952142000198364,
0.34802791476249695,
0.3855736255645752,
0.21863459050655365,
-0.32388049364089966,
0.7610149383544922,
0.4463510513305664,
-0.10712777078151703,
-0.627249538898468,
-0.21326865255832672,
-0.3507552146911621,
-0.6962080001831055,
0.9490991830825806,
0.6316752433776855,
0.2645460367202759,
0.2223123013973236,
1.2174549102783203,
-0.002915114164352417,
-0.5233636498451233,
-0.017830591648817062,
-0.48136240243911743,
0.26290446519851685,
-0.3491976857185364,
0.5879734754562378,
-0.4247700273990631,
-0.17972786724567413
] |
what is a precursor wave? | how does a precursor wave work? as i understand, during nuclear explosions there are different stages to the blast wave and one of them is a precursor wave, which travels faster than the main blast wave. why does it travel faster from the main explosion shockwave? | aerospace engineer here, not a nuclear physicist or anything, but the initial shockwave should essentially be the rapid change in pressure propagating outwards. pressure "information" will travel at the speed of sound (which is dependent on density/temperature). the energy from the explosion is partially transmitted to the air as heat, when then transitions to plasma that is now thousands of degrees, which will then expand outwards as a fireball, which is more appropriately called a blastwave instead of a shockwave. previous relevant thread on that _url_0_ | 3 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1cqmfz/what_is_burning_in_a_nuclear_fireball/",
"http://www.dtra.mil/Portals/61/Documents/NTPR/4-Rad_Exp_Rpts/36_The_Effects_of_Nuclear_Weapons.pdf",
"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E6-TLYe2jG4/UmzG5XKF2NI/AAAAAAAAD1E/jKrhZ2RC3eE/s1600/Mach+effect+EM1.JPG"
] | [
-2.0556976795196533,
1.5090078115463257,
0.6908808350563049,
0.41766127943992615,
0.2662118673324585,
-1.089920163154602,
0.7240403890609741,
0.31778740882873535,
0.5889078378677368,
-0.3239176869392395,
0.20052337646484375,
-0.378373384475708,
-0.7871057987213135,
-0.9023604989051819,
1.5916383266448975,
0.10244721174240112,
-0.2504193186759949,
-0.8644903898239136,
-0.9260696768760681,
-0.7730832099914551,
0.55532306432724,
0.38755613565444946,
-0.7167568802833557,
-0.19070816040039062,
-0.018348634243011475,
-0.4334207773208618,
-0.3613988161087036,
0.40519821643829346,
0.05268876254558563,
0.104076087474823,
0.22051909565925598,
-0.47013020515441895,
-1.0494333505630493,
-0.08345358073711395,
0.5751998424530029,
-0.36799249053001404,
-0.027389705181121826,
0.02545037865638733,
-1.2797530889511108,
0.9183465242385864,
0.2549405097961426,
-1.2908854484558105,
0.8638718128204346,
0.049430787563323975,
-0.8840039372444153,
1.0278916358947754,
0.13693228363990784,
0.011547382920980453,
-0.3170546889305115,
-0.47808051109313965,
-1.146583080291748,
0.367048978805542,
-0.5872729420661926,
0.27317947149276733,
-0.01874414086341858,
-0.6021981239318848,
1.0601760149002075,
0.3124406933784485,
-0.37861233949661255,
-1.4478297233581543,
0.1397637128829956,
-0.8074467778205872,
-1.0791716575622559,
0.5622391104698181,
2.204190731048584,
-1.0754785537719727,
1.1367683410644531,
0.1691790223121643,
0.2608790993690491,
0.28617721796035767,
-0.04916799068450928,
-0.08112271875143051,
0.077954962849617,
-1.1433701515197754,
0.40907931327819824,
-0.8454110026359558,
-1.3506805896759033,
1.555629014968872,
-0.016538947820663452,
-0.22514542937278748,
1.6454722881317139,
-1.277571678161621,
-2.458264112472534,
-0.8969311118125916,
-0.8370914459228516,
2.155789613723755,
0.6595512628555298,
-0.7680272459983826,
0.5030096173286438,
0.5256773233413696,
-1.7788232564926147,
-0.9901506900787354,
0.05242296680808067,
1.565535306930542,
0.6379358768463135,
0.6757529973983765,
0.38574838638305664,
-1.2267768383026123,
0.5725042819976807,
-0.35552462935447693,
0.5205007791519165,
-0.3479495048522949,
-2.197889566421509,
0.16436859965324402,
-1.4435080289840698,
-1.4178287982940674,
0.27398696541786194,
1.6332416534423828,
0.12645456194877625,
-0.5850307941436768,
0.4406038522720337,
0.2789173722267151,
0.09526510536670685,
-2.2348265647888184,
0.9379135370254517,
-0.3583710789680481,
-0.0285530686378479,
0.227582186460495,
-2.8092329502105713,
-0.9428707361221313,
0.5081305503845215,
-0.6264983415603638,
-0.5479510426521301,
1.1980066299438477,
0.5587500333786011,
-0.24517863988876343,
0.5780413746833801,
0.9405835270881653,
1.1378840208053589,
1.1220427751541138,
0.9064993262290955,
0.14727431535720825,
-0.6400038003921509,
-0.2915942966938019,
-0.7235963344573975,
0.4988611936569214,
1.7726956605911255,
-0.16572517156600952,
-0.9730747938156128,
1.4982458353042603,
0.6214998364448547,
0.19673648476600647,
-0.7003064751625061,
-1.770554780960083,
-0.035526204854249954,
0.018753498792648315,
-0.21271425485610962,
-0.1888352483510971,
0.08501313626766205,
-0.5457586646080017,
-0.14378853142261505,
-0.7509080171585083,
0.40843647718429565,
0.5200561285018921,
0.3684100806713104,
-0.8178493976593018,
-0.8279185891151428,
0.9652670621871948,
0.9696842432022095,
0.5168868899345398,
-0.49948665499687195,
-0.09768708050251007,
0.43998751044273376,
0.28717049956321716,
-0.03327658772468567,
-0.6675281524658203,
-0.574155867099762,
-0.34098970890045166,
0.12845173478126526,
0.3543875217437744,
-0.8056503534317017,
-0.41697588562965393,
1.671302080154419,
-0.8857242465019226,
-0.27261489629745483,
0.07173466682434082,
-0.4294903874397278,
0.2552802562713623,
0.6283974647521973,
0.8347084522247314,
1.9689842462539673,
0.644461452960968,
3.6346800327301025,
1.23085618019104,
0.5801095962524414,
-0.3527432680130005,
0.3965049982070923,
0.1242135763168335,
0.07389694452285767,
-0.4312485456466675,
-0.8916201591491699,
-1.1423306465148926,
0.22363412380218506,
1.3402073383331299,
-0.08012178540229797,
-0.31226813793182373,
-1.1195790767669678,
-0.5491926670074463,
-0.6356217861175537,
0.018449120223522186,
-0.8455936908721924,
-0.012317419052124023,
-0.16386602818965912,
0.5434993505477905,
-0.08406619727611542,
0.5613037943840027,
0.11151542514562607,
0.6795188784599304,
-1.5852031707763672,
-0.6131107211112976,
-0.2901555895805359,
-2.0247251987457275,
-0.7447057962417603,
0.013934344053268433,
0.022122979164123535,
-0.16838829219341278,
-1.9961565732955933,
-0.9684123992919922,
-0.37558436393737793,
0.32787853479385376,
1.6951104402542114,
-0.08129873871803284,
0.9889000654220581,
-1.3713542222976685,
0.009032279253005981,
-0.7508669495582581,
-2.055032730102539,
2.070272445678711,
0.8136272430419922,
0.826891303062439,
0.6734012365341187,
1.2471323013305664,
-0.5915588140487671,
1.4939279556274414,
0.2795165777206421,
-0.8263202905654907,
-1.7496649026870728,
0.13576176762580872,
0.03166207671165466,
-0.800603985786438,
0.4678713083267212,
0.14979015290737152,
0.4927583336830139,
0.8541238903999329,
0.3105110824108124,
-0.11856155097484589,
-0.6511930227279663,
-0.38841506838798523,
0.05222870409488678,
-0.026409383863210678,
1.0200693607330322,
0.294613242149353,
-0.49999186396598816,
-0.13414138555526733,
-0.23181390762329102,
1.9706201553344727,
-0.1287757307291031,
-0.3973858952522278,
-0.17549827694892883,
1.4431734085083008,
0.7944517135620117,
0.8267887830734253,
-0.034196048974990845,
-1.747825026512146,
0.9065946340560913,
0.8242467641830444,
0.6826884746551514,
-0.2953871488571167,
-1.3870713710784912,
0.7914465665817261,
0.20046967267990112,
-0.6524829268455505,
-1.2614257335662842,
-0.24591995775699615,
2.469241142272949,
-1.2814446687698364,
0.2155756950378418,
0.544455349445343,
0.028216443955898285,
0.9039392471313477,
-1.4536466598510742,
-0.11283189058303833,
0.033589787781238556,
0.6484326124191284,
0.7751855850219727,
-1.760270357131958,
0.33775395154953003,
-1.0707443952560425,
0.25358808040618896,
-1.1551060676574707,
0.6648519039154053,
1.5764347314834595,
0.9696769714355469,
-0.5916265249252319,
1.6908519268035889,
0.5479220151901245,
0.28543564677238464,
-0.22963020205497742,
-0.570702850818634,
-0.6779322028160095,
0.3591872751712799,
-0.14883582293987274,
-1.720928430557251,
0.27815380692481995,
-1.7975423336029053,
0.7743773460388184,
-0.4500467777252197,
0.3760067820549011,
1.6376383304595947,
-0.9570543766021729,
-0.09765921533107758,
-1.1150496006011963,
0.49716082215309143,
0.004903629422187805,
-0.8237520456314087,
1.0564666986465454,
0.5627419352531433,
-0.13674524426460266,
0.12014499306678772,
0.11243701726198196,
1.1272482872009277,
-0.018056556582450867,
0.5719786882400513,
0.18635007739067078,
1.0765055418014526,
0.7891802787780762,
0.11494961380958557,
-1.6925206184387207,
-0.27802854776382446,
-1.6860287189483643,
0.08586522936820984,
0.084429532289505,
2.4198741912841797,
0.24520617723464966,
2.3838789463043213,
0.26087209582328796,
-0.5396078824996948,
-0.3517847955226898,
-0.5241152048110962,
-0.5103086233139038,
0.6137562990188599,
0.7274471521377563,
-0.1624011993408203,
1.231713056564331,
0.579995334148407,
0.5280556678771973,
0.3348473310470581,
-0.7910763025283813,
-0.6108711957931519,
0.2515726089477539,
-1.8601794242858887,
0.21033354103565216,
0.44722869992256165,
-1.1676445007324219,
-0.9268759489059448,
0.5638664960861206,
-0.10705938935279846,
0.3381572663784027,
-0.494975209236145,
0.6749318242073059,
-0.5207977890968323,
0.3310757279396057,
0.21067030727863312,
1.7699029445648193,
-1.0046114921569824,
0.8760135173797607,
0.08982732146978378,
-0.4612599015235901,
-1.6196681261062622,
1.3357553482055664,
0.26202696561813354,
1.2591452598571777,
0.12580516934394836,
-0.8631547689437866,
0.6579850912094116,
-0.8717116117477417,
-0.00904509425163269,
-0.10945010185241699,
-1.3268319368362427,
0.23270893096923828,
1.5309979915618896,
1.1360496282577515,
0.11445122957229614,
1.3385800123214722
] |
i have two identical buckets, in one i put 3kg of small gravel inside and 3kg of large gravel in the other. which bucket has more air in it? | i remember in a groundforce episode charlie no bra did a demonstration and showed that the amount of air was equal, but my friend doesn't believe it and doubt groundforce as a credible source. can you help us settle this debate? | if the two types of gravel have the same density, then 3kg of either will take up the same volume. the volume of air is the volume of the bucket minus the volume of the gravel, so this will be the same for either type as well. | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5298532247543335,
0.31718266010284424,
0.7982773780822754,
-0.17102137207984924,
-0.27359849214553833,
-0.7955342531204224,
0.29378587007522583,
-0.31854045391082764,
0.20377761125564575,
-0.14934581518173218,
-0.301249623298645,
0.46158158779144287,
0.1877564638853073,
-0.14557945728302002,
0.5242745876312256,
0.16159582138061523,
-0.3338382840156555,
0.532386064529419,
-0.5946232080459595,
0.322094589471817,
0.08271084725856781,
0.974261462688446,
-0.6006405353546143,
0.02420288324356079,
-0.06118771433830261,
-0.26799994707107544,
-0.17142274975776672,
0.9498478174209595,
0.10059837996959686,
-0.5100876092910767,
-0.29211562871932983,
0.16459953784942627,
-0.4361894130706787,
-0.5189658403396606,
0.6385086178779602,
-0.32167673110961914,
-0.1489504724740982,
-0.28486162424087524,
-0.3606184422969818,
0.2630215585231781,
-0.06759600341320038,
0.01692497730255127,
0.580054759979248,
0.20305988192558289,
-0.385715514421463,
0.504051923751831,
-0.31906622648239136,
0.3464351296424866,
0.587536096572876,
-0.14676722884178162,
0.8101859092712402,
-0.7654064893722534,
-0.4470856785774231,
0.5884732604026794,
-0.4682699143886566,
-0.2439708113670349,
0.5708693265914917,
0.19995632767677307,
-0.5530486106872559,
-0.4095783233642578,
-0.30239948630332947,
0.49295228719711304,
-0.2438497096300125,
0.07222636789083481,
0.8686137199401855,
-0.15232306718826294,
-0.43702763319015503,
-0.48278021812438965,
-0.30682146549224854,
0.3169984221458435,
-0.22120018303394318,
0.5137889981269836,
-0.18026819825172424,
-0.6029059886932373,
0.33965927362442017,
-0.19588790833950043,
-0.25158652663230896,
0.40218091011047363,
-0.07248640060424805,
-0.22187970578670502,
-0.6369435787200928,
0.5168056488037109,
-0.007421433925628662,
-0.6009862422943115,
0.07717345654964447,
-0.0965462177991867,
-0.39538073539733887,
1.1289266347885132,
-0.053790848702192307,
-0.15001404285430908,
-0.6198585033416748,
0.45335862040519714,
-0.7496515512466431,
0.05134452506899834,
0.2587412893772125,
0.7809469699859619,
-0.05247249826788902,
-1.020504117012024,
0.8257957100868225,
-0.022475451231002808,
0.08364178240299225,
-0.2287684679031372,
-0.4742469787597656,
-0.4419407248497009,
-0.05289563536643982,
0.6749885678291321,
-0.43758946657180786,
-0.04745904356241226,
0.21527959406375885,
0.1856832057237625,
0.38745367527008057,
-0.14400382339954376,
0.4917677044868469,
0.23962819576263428,
-0.09635862708091736,
-0.7422683238983154,
0.13492093980312347,
-0.17743706703186035,
-0.529145359992981,
-0.4149510860443115,
-0.8383805751800537,
-0.3770787715911865,
0.19090476632118225,
-0.15587344765663147,
0.06685841828584671,
-0.7781670093536377,
0.21537725627422333,
0.13922777771949768,
-0.5336881875991821,
0.1252961903810501,
0.22170662879943848,
0.00752672553062439,
0.9305973052978516,
0.16054685413837433,
0.12152945250272751,
0.09327398240566254,
0.17905734479427338,
0.08616897463798523,
-0.358055055141449,
0.6730086803436279,
-0.579436182975769,
-0.054211150854825974,
-0.212832510471344,
-0.43118512630462646,
-0.08189990371465683,
0.13846571743488312,
-1.0333276987075806,
-0.42891380190849304,
-0.09485456347465515,
0.23184171319007874,
-0.12473355978727341,
-0.15427809953689575,
0.7317532300949097,
-0.5933668613433838,
0.11759552359580994,
-0.23214448988437653,
-1.0369088649749756,
0.07224550098180771,
0.889004647731781,
0.649803638458252,
-0.7550042867660522,
0.3789951205253601,
-0.7086355686187744,
0.08377285301685333,
-0.24978917837142944,
0.453583687543869,
-0.4434872567653656,
-0.560580313205719,
0.22853337228298187,
-0.2296435534954071,
0.19435615837574005,
-0.26890408992767334,
0.0004883036017417908,
-0.5520563125610352,
0.1553524285554886,
0.5408802628517151,
-0.42159366607666016,
-0.5394691228866577,
0.7661992311477661,
-0.019259624183177948,
-0.007157117128372192,
1.0168814659118652,
0.6110361814498901,
0.18596254289150238,
0.4602131247520447,
-0.25204482674598694,
0.14289791882038116,
0.38171109557151794,
0.1606462001800537,
0.8510118722915649,
0.7678360342979431,
0.1746879667043686,
-0.10326133668422699,
-0.09253953397274017,
0.18224826455116272,
0.6089575290679932,
0.6443862915039062,
-0.16097237169742584,
0.19578582048416138,
-0.6098241806030273,
0.4200904965400696,
0.7141242027282715,
-0.29624807834625244,
-0.4192955493927002,
-0.470984548330307,
-0.682154655456543,
0.9988599419593811,
0.1544845998287201,
-0.7546477317810059,
0.5550366640090942,
-0.3880101442337036,
-1.3828818798065186,
-0.3955729007720947,
-0.4488997757434845,
0.04474102705717087,
0.21364247798919678,
0.28250443935394287,
0.13056643307209015,
-1.3173080682754517,
-0.0025057196617126465,
-0.13002651929855347,
-0.01402968168258667,
0.16694383323192596,
-0.23305553197860718,
-0.006315983831882477,
0.170659601688385,
-0.024287790060043335,
0.392461359500885,
0.27349400520324707,
0.19861967861652374,
0.5911000967025757,
-1.0714130401611328,
-0.5844337940216064,
0.7025736570358276,
0.3221888244152069,
0.06456486135721207,
-0.6203075051307678,
0.5730032920837402,
1.5643255710601807,
-0.1574282944202423,
-0.5124934911727905,
-0.6494593620300293,
0.5308443307876587,
1.0041824579238892,
-0.16604778170585632,
-0.5835156440734863,
-0.427175909280777,
0.40965545177459717,
-0.6395840644836426,
-0.34239351749420166,
-1.1701383590698242,
0.31892314553260803,
0.05397607386112213,
0.45918354392051697,
0.25073185563087463,
0.1610942780971527,
0.11833510547876358,
-0.40000808238983154,
-0.40399405360221863,
-0.3813965916633606,
1.1033666133880615,
-0.2757297158241272,
-0.29168760776519775,
-0.7909140586853027,
0.5688570141792297,
-0.33776378631591797,
0.7728296518325806,
0.3776566982269287,
-0.7570141553878784,
-0.6110023856163025,
0.9963127374649048,
-0.7635108232498169,
-0.4877816140651703,
-0.1531015932559967,
0.5367204546928406,
0.20523354411125183,
-1.0235573053359985,
0.3935067653656006,
0.49058714509010315,
0.6686351895332336,
-0.21644890308380127,
-0.14840292930603027,
-0.4457034766674042,
0.5616065263748169,
0.607555627822876,
0.057352758944034576,
-0.29215186834335327,
-0.48644864559173584,
0.4655929505825043,
0.10356733947992325,
0.6977667808532715,
0.647869348526001,
-0.6222545504570007,
0.13300171494483948,
0.25328347086906433,
0.07281472533941269,
1.1220667362213135,
-0.41727423667907715,
0.31502509117126465,
-0.5020939111709595,
1.1595946550369263,
-0.028368733823299408,
0.10886082798242569,
-0.9381824731826782,
-0.8326408863067627,
0.44577521085739136,
-0.1092774048447609,
0.9646390676498413,
0.5288931131362915,
-0.01357453316450119,
-0.6443015336990356,
-0.4277794659137726,
0.04863119125366211,
0.7074373364448547,
0.35579028725624084,
0.1635722666978836,
0.22437217831611633,
0.4356478452682495,
0.6276843547821045,
0.5307854413986206,
-0.4224913716316223,
0.0942937433719635,
0.08940906822681427,
-0.2680354416370392,
-0.5669902563095093,
-0.7963498830795288,
0.8436857461929321,
0.4798222482204437,
-0.5355007648468018,
0.29235729575157166,
-0.029920920729637146,
-0.9118270874023438,
0.4729583263397217,
0.08117784559726715,
0.8499190807342529,
0.5582025647163391,
0.34331244230270386,
-0.2997307777404785,
-0.41154471039772034,
-0.4826602637767792,
-0.7327327728271484,
0.0850602313876152,
0.7402632236480713,
0.0029730740934610367,
0.23853802680969238,
-0.2451469749212265,
-0.4626067876815796,
-0.5055398941040039,
-0.1792019009590149,
-0.1953621804714203,
-0.003954797983169556,
0.8195164799690247,
-0.8251802921295166,
-0.5549226999282837,
0.23032134771347046,
-0.18897540867328644,
-0.019309043884277344,
0.015655547380447388,
0.5775963664054871,
-0.5548434257507324,
-0.42835062742233276,
-0.665637731552124,
0.047324538230895996,
0.29124757647514343,
0.6378830671310425,
0.6192867755889893,
-0.12196631729602814,
0.08281280845403671,
-1.0279065370559692,
0.8676105737686157,
-0.03975486755371094,
0.5087113380432129,
0.5085012912750244,
0.4520888924598694,
0.3054526150226593,
0.48679304122924805,
-0.9358059167861938,
0.0963345468044281,
-0.37696176767349243,
-0.039169929921627045,
-0.4033654034137726,
0.26633456349372864,
-0.19363781809806824,
-0.36496415734291077
] |
why is the newborn heel prick test is done on the heel? | wondering why the heel spesifically. | it's for convenience. the heel has blood vessels close enough to the skin surface, you can poke a big enough hole to get sufficient blood before it clots, you can easily bandage the site afterward, and it's relatively easy to hold the foot still while you do the collection. and the baby isn't going to disturb the band-aid by trying to walk around right afterward. | 170 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.3733678460121155,
0.5032021999359131,
0.5820494294166565,
0.10723847895860672,
-0.07475994527339935,
-0.4099225103855133,
-0.019587425515055656,
0.18918028473854065,
-0.7966256141662598,
-0.1517922431230545,
0.4921634793281555,
0.8447304964065552,
-0.5609066486358643,
0.6198750138282776,
0.19475218653678894,
-0.8792135119438171,
0.25133833289146423,
0.7666262984275818,
-0.4085821509361267,
-0.02712380886077881,
-0.40077024698257446,
0.30056723952293396,
0.6144474148750305,
0.07963889837265015,
-1.0632994174957275,
0.39886900782585144,
-0.21614772081375122,
0.18846583366394043,
-0.21059280633926392,
-0.5441958904266357,
-0.41881686449050903,
-0.43086495995521545,
-0.918113648891449,
0.1896161288022995,
-0.09114629775285721,
0.5894102454185486,
-0.09734106063842773,
0.26787224411964417,
-0.5830675363540649,
-0.2486051619052887,
-0.07944699376821518,
-0.3708018660545349,
-0.623231053352356,
0.5027193427085876,
1.0201036930084229,
0.6120224595069885,
0.558210015296936,
-0.3952583074569702,
-0.06101600080728531,
0.16005389392375946,
0.5484045147895813,
-0.1668795645236969,
0.5312392115592957,
0.7763569951057434,
-0.682223916053772,
0.7638370990753174,
-0.3365458548069,
-0.007686033844947815,
0.21878355741500854,
0.1760123074054718,
0.4833306074142456,
0.6136165261268616,
-0.7192039489746094,
0.791829526424408,
-0.6824806928634644,
-1.1106679439544678,
0.3802105784416199,
-0.3500862717628479,
-0.08846693485975266,
1.4708703756332397,
0.5317249298095703,
-0.13831982016563416,
0.11293613910675049,
0.43797940015792847,
-0.4658316373825073,
0.8674756288528442,
-0.2702307105064392,
-0.4214051365852356,
-0.4114270806312561,
0.0422593355178833,
-1.3615167140960693,
-0.06052231788635254,
0.7167958617210388,
0.6549369096755981,
-0.5206322073936462,
0.7155019044876099,
0.03152698278427124,
1.1751872301101685,
-0.9157270193099976,
-0.4845849573612213,
-0.34109020233154297,
0.5394985675811768,
0.28838467597961426,
-0.4666478633880615,
-0.48770833015441895,
0.300464004278183,
-1.1769871711730957,
0.03833034634590149,
-0.8676844239234924,
-0.265229731798172,
-0.9923703074455261,
0.035474956035614014,
-0.04625369980931282,
0.2856740355491638,
0.19481688737869263,
-0.670048713684082,
-0.15220071375370026,
0.05944685637950897,
-0.023814648389816284,
0.32157737016677856,
0.295962929725647,
0.3689849376678467,
0.7872891426086426,
0.8501646518707275,
-0.2653998136520386,
0.1300031542778015,
-0.62161785364151,
-0.4007664918899536,
0.6530652642250061,
0.1860383301973343,
1.034963846206665,
-0.4175277650356293,
-0.23417147994041443,
-0.23546217381954193,
0.617536723613739,
-0.9098964333534241,
0.11080796271562576,
0.891532301902771,
1.0654056072235107,
0.7311888933181763,
-0.050327666103839874,
-0.5266067981719971,
0.865902304649353,
-0.05533906817436218,
-0.9393832087516785,
-0.1680177003145218,
-0.8382819890975952,
1.269221544265747,
-0.11672990024089813,
0.15988469123840332,
0.18978141248226166,
-0.16079041361808777,
-0.4278797507286072,
0.24043706059455872,
0.37683430314064026,
0.5159224271774292,
-0.6636886596679688,
-0.2491253912448883,
-0.19596491754055023,
-1.2263232469558716,
-0.7919152975082397,
0.08809486031532288,
0.88578861951828,
0.8591161966323853,
-0.28736889362335205,
0.37330305576324463,
-0.24212467670440674,
0.5091457366943359,
0.18371860682964325,
-0.9068617820739746,
0.237318754196167,
-0.10097359120845795,
-0.2672775387763977,
0.5072488784790039,
0.47062745690345764,
-0.36784109473228455,
-0.3627614378929138,
-1.0458567142486572,
-0.017161831259727478,
-0.7541878819465637,
-0.2762173116207123,
-0.4019303321838379,
-0.023247871547937393,
0.009393647313117981,
0.1259920299053192,
-0.5091463327407837,
-0.9092648029327393,
-0.2841885983943939,
0.795295774936676,
1.2504448890686035,
0.20039811730384827,
-0.12659023702144623,
-0.1757890284061432,
0.26079872250556946,
-0.06666865944862366,
-0.012655645608901978,
0.1753140389919281,
0.2775481641292572,
0.4054250121116638,
0.19217698276042938,
0.2443276196718216,
-0.5724826455116272,
0.20627619326114655,
0.28727710247039795,
-0.1414523869752884,
0.6147310137748718,
-0.3603575527667999,
-0.5840058326721191,
-1.0620399713516235,
-0.09978830814361572,
-0.2248263955116272,
0.0010698437690734863,
-0.7475358247756958,
-0.27835407853126526,
0.5811476111412048,
0.19297388195991516,
0.34420040249824524,
-1.6694130897521973,
-0.38540396094322205,
-0.65730881690979,
0.39983469247817993,
0.6768569946289062,
0.8894664645195007,
-0.3903241455554962,
0.5058853626251221,
-0.13896596431732178,
-0.8475722074508667,
-0.06707526743412018,
-0.40959590673446655,
-0.1501033753156662,
-0.512458860874176,
-0.557091474533081,
0.9752594232559204,
-1.1439802646636963,
0.5290696620941162,
-0.015118606388568878,
0.16445279121398926,
0.07751712203025818,
0.1342393159866333,
0.10035927593708038,
-0.011955052614212036,
0.2871786952018738,
0.04666486382484436,
0.909067690372467,
-1.0773519277572632,
0.33719420433044434,
0.3389972448348999,
-0.7523133754730225,
0.6169126033782959,
0.7301706671714783,
-0.7030981183052063,
0.2928449213504791,
0.06174394488334656,
0.024070873856544495,
-0.2324485182762146,
0.44292062520980835,
0.5943624377250671,
0.30298730731010437,
0.15041382610797882,
0.6284875869750977,
-0.1754142791032791,
-0.3537904620170593,
-1.4105298519134521,
0.4992266893386841,
-0.7707210183143616,
-0.522354006767273,
-1.2450393438339233,
-0.8560740947723389,
-0.6545677185058594,
-0.48511171340942383,
-0.4365410804748535,
0.6472889184951782,
0.0011831242591142654,
-0.43475034832954407,
0.3293471038341522,
-0.20241211354732513,
0.11572584509849548,
-0.13284645974636078,
-0.7844114899635315,
-0.26340895891189575,
0.35501575469970703,
0.14852890372276306,
-0.18355192244052887,
0.1437724530696869,
-0.3821293115615845,
0.42300817370414734,
0.2530857026576996,
0.031582027673721313,
0.6657557487487793,
0.6463096737861633,
-0.21207070350646973,
-1.3574632406234741,
-1.0148528814315796,
0.4121067523956299,
-0.07780538499355316,
-0.22671717405319214,
-0.4559948444366455,
-0.24393512308597565,
1.3745148181915283,
-0.08421674370765686,
-0.4315296709537506,
0.8263320922851562,
-0.5923401117324829,
-0.03878241777420044,
-0.18500831723213196,
0.4891796112060547,
0.6352555155754089,
0.884745717048645,
0.7293444275856018,
1.26521635055542,
0.20176786184310913,
-0.24232816696166992,
-0.4619060158729553,
0.17508730292320251,
-0.1309826374053955,
-0.038661956787109375,
-0.2471754252910614,
0.5251613259315491,
1.2108163833618164,
0.4610987603664398,
-0.11682311445474625,
0.28466397523880005,
-0.5898849964141846,
0.22184260189533234,
-0.23442363739013672,
0.5933920741081238,
0.37762466073036194,
-0.33614563941955566,
-0.2521120309829712,
-0.19424676895141602,
0.21384382247924805,
0.555405855178833,
-0.10776644200086594,
-0.17110291123390198,
-0.6163746118545532,
0.2642430365085602,
-0.14029066264629364,
0.1964813619852066,
-0.24364866316318512,
0.22733581066131592,
-0.3106333017349243,
0.3088737726211548,
0.3333650529384613,
0.38226771354675293,
-0.295175164937973,
0.7399371862411499,
0.37382325530052185,
-0.22084730863571167,
-0.9545875787734985,
0.0429612398147583,
-1.0111851692199707,
0.1084505170583725,
1.1598594188690186,
0.8788292407989502,
0.07227270305156708,
-0.7039705514907837,
0.653092622756958,
-0.07629726827144623,
-0.2816670835018158,
0.9441447257995605,
0.6968375444412231,
0.064150370657444,
0.7977429628372192,
1.1933515071868896,
0.37309935688972473,
-0.6011391878128052,
0.14016997814178467,
-0.2347596287727356,
-0.009398996829986572,
-0.4617508053779602,
-0.04863238334655762,
-0.6946492195129395,
0.2721291184425354,
0.8383312821388245,
-0.97150719165802,
0.11773883551359177,
0.6895546913146973,
0.01035599410533905,
-1.3098064661026,
0.17751608788967133,
0.5103987455368042,
-0.6715768575668335,
-0.3748120665550232,
-0.008174329996109009,
0.7290900945663452,
-0.5046566128730774,
0.3658602833747864,
0.02303849160671234,
0.3877317011356354,
0.4805680215358734,
-0.30461385846138,
0.3118091821670532,
1.5964395999908447,
0.04056428745388985
] |
how do we know velociraptors hunted in packs and killed large prey? | in response to this comment: > **velociraptors frequently hunted and killed bigger game. much bigger than humans.** they had 5 inch claws on their hind legs with which to tear you apart. **and they hunted in great groups** emphasis is mine. in that thread, some suggested that teeth/claw marks could indicate that; however, couldn't this also be due to velociraptors acting as scavengers like hyenas or vultures? please include sources if possible. edit: in regards to the fighting dinosaur fossil: _url_0_ how come the fossil is considered to be lifelike poses if the pair was possibly later scavenged? > burial must have been extremely fast, judging from the lifelike poses in which the animals were preserved. both forelimbs and one hindlimb of the protoceratops are missing, which has been seen as evidence of scavenging by other animals.[24] it seems odd to me that the creatures would have been buried very quickly, and yet scavenged later without disturbing their natural positions. | it's all just hypothesis and conjecture. we only have limited evidence to the behaviors of dinosaurs, for instance certain dinosaurs may have been protective mothers as fossils have been found of both the parent and nest in close proximity. we use modern day animals and compare them to these prehistoric ones. we can view trends in certain animal types and try to apply those to ones from the past. for instance you can take a survey of all the small carnivores which are alive today, you might see a trend that many of them are pack hunting. assuming these behaviors weren't unfavorable back then, it isn't a completely bad assumption to try to label some of the smaller carnivorous dinosaurs as potential pack hunters. however if you try the same trick from an evolutionary perspective, you do not find all that many instances of pack hunting among birds (though there are some, such as the harris hawk), but you do see community structures and flocking tendencies, in fact birds often display extremely complex organizational structures. birds evolved directly from the same branch that includes all the small therapods such as velociraptors. [the paraves](_url_0_). in short, we don't, but we can make educated guesses based on the behaviors of descendants and characteristically similar non-relatives. if you had a gun to my head, i'd call raptors and other medium to small therapods to operate in small family tribes consisting of only a few members, with strong parental behavior and would display opportunistic hunting and scavenging tendancies. | 10 | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velociraptor#Predatory_behavior"
] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraves",
"http://www.mnhn.ul.pt/geologia/gaia/9.pdf"
] | [
0.5424352884292603,
0.5345362424850464,
1.5714057683944702,
1.1635633707046509,
-1.0265289545059204,
-3.78438401222229,
-0.30310699343681335,
-3.5608012676239014,
1.8259003162384033,
-0.3553697466850281,
4.411195755004883,
-1.8339576721191406,
-0.7587623000144958,
1.8796672821044922,
0.21560610830783844,
0.5832348465919495,
-1.4280259609222412,
0.8593608140945435,
-0.9943332076072693,
2.3592870235443115,
-1.7014576196670532,
0.9247839450836182,
0.833549439907074,
1.7343417406082153,
-3.432117223739624,
-1.8778235912322998,
-2.9670472145080566,
-0.0869370549917221,
0.5389102101325989,
-1.5351734161376953,
-0.8186171054840088,
1.4369220733642578,
-0.1978406310081482,
-1.9106097221374512,
-1.4174110889434814,
2.523589611053467,
-1.555423617362976,
-1.8014825582504272,
1.9043033123016357,
0.5288991332054138,
0.9414348602294922,
0.7709615230560303,
1.7133920192718506,
0.25877630710601807,
-3.576260805130005,
1.9422943592071533,
-1.55031156539917,
1.0021724700927734,
-2.2729296684265137,
-1.3546109199523926,
-2.7714028358459473,
-1.875801682472229,
-3.887890577316284,
-2.435081958770752,
1.119020700454712,
-2.1272921562194824,
-0.6035100817680359,
-0.8936630487442017,
-0.2131967544555664,
-3.1727099418640137,
4.839883327484131,
1.267209529876709,
-0.7741460800170898,
0.9652164578437805,
0.6669296026229858,
-0.5981019735336304,
-1.8293662071228027,
1.5994986295700073,
1.324671983718872,
3.4101195335388184,
4.114561080932617,
-1.3000638484954834,
-2.671224355697632,
2.742098808288574,
-2.0900962352752686,
2.309248208999634,
1.9462306499481201,
-1.8295164108276367,
-0.11764788627624512,
-3.345965623855591,
-4.480932235717773,
0.0871473103761673,
0.3543434739112854,
-0.04296690225601196,
0.017315924167633057,
0.5474259257316589,
-0.6543708443641663,
-0.2905319333076477,
-1.6318128108978271,
1.285332202911377,
1.7477830648422241,
-2.3073976039886475,
1.0293247699737549,
-2.6021759510040283,
-0.6769627928733826,
4.251654148101807,
0.7248117923736572,
0.031426042318344116,
-0.35804861783981323,
-0.28222817182540894,
-0.8608078956604004,
2.992872476577759,
0.587859570980072,
1.807163953781128,
-1.1982136964797974,
-2.800640106201172,
-4.04669189453125,
-2.956450939178467,
1.7354302406311035,
3.035623788833618,
-2.4752607345581055,
0.08229566365480423,
0.13559627532958984,
0.6691970229148865,
-2.683441638946533,
-6.113187313079834,
-1.1036378145217896,
-1.920927882194519,
-0.5605860352516174,
-0.5906876921653748,
0.40474051237106323,
-1.4196265935897827,
2.9757962226867676,
1.195850133895874,
4.644206523895264,
1.205027461051941,
-3.697418212890625,
3.6219937801361084,
2.8860106468200684,
-1.7036949396133423,
1.9118658304214478,
-2.283849000930786,
2.1813089847564697,
-2.782968282699585,
-2.7200374603271484,
-1.5792770385742188,
1.1091846227645874,
-0.7217531204223633,
-3.31459903717041,
1.6672823429107666,
0.21932685375213623,
0.5642085075378418,
3.1243669986724854,
2.0932183265686035,
0.5444079637527466,
2.5655062198638916,
0.37955939769744873,
-2.666539192199707,
-2.7665939331054688,
2.1580276489257812,
0.9960842132568359,
-3.101076126098633,
1.11173677444458,
-3.163712501525879,
-1.2501145601272583,
-2.0676283836364746,
-3.3442399501800537,
1.9606810808181763,
2.388162612915039,
-0.7600412964820862,
-1.794489860534668,
3.317721128463745,
0.19549775123596191,
1.7562719583511353,
3.152287721633911,
-1.7016527652740479,
-3.4131431579589844,
-2.4640941619873047,
3.9409379959106445,
-0.34373611211776733,
0.4069415330886841,
-0.8635598421096802,
1.905251145362854,
-1.859667420387268,
1.879917860031128,
0.37027379870414734,
-6.332829475402832,
2.3373336791992188,
0.7516668438911438,
2.6791727542877197,
-0.12049388885498047,
-1.6900349855422974,
1.1813350915908813,
1.625139832496643,
-0.7424913644790649,
-0.6672689318656921,
-1.0313140153884888,
0.5684518814086914,
0.5849403142929077,
-1.0134453773498535,
1.8480324745178223,
-1.5594855546951294,
2.641084671020508,
0.020050466060638428,
-1.0000513792037964,
0.4587790369987488,
1.8675482273101807,
2.671740770339966,
1.4742637872695923,
-0.21944180130958557,
-4.445929050445557,
-2.7274322509765625,
0.07336878776550293,
-1.7584258317947388,
1.7481796741485596,
0.14258500933647156,
1.4770785570144653,
-2.090571165084839,
0.1369333565235138,
2.9358108043670654,
-1.850110650062561,
2.060358762741089,
-1.4000219106674194,
-0.338825523853302,
2.6582603454589844,
-0.24142226576805115,
1.4175530672073364,
2.0318541526794434,
-0.050810590386390686,
-0.2828643023967743,
-2.7378060817718506,
-3.5248022079467773,
-0.2160332351922989,
-3.1586828231811523,
-1.5875723361968994,
-2.579904556274414,
1.2542061805725098,
0.6439347267150879,
-1.7789424657821655,
-0.8438124060630798,
-1.3224209547042847,
0.7848201990127563,
-0.022700488567352295,
-1.8346437215805054,
-3.889251708984375,
0.3331579566001892,
5.977084159851074,
-0.1743815541267395,
3.406377077102661,
-1.1406300067901611,
0.4268563389778137,
1.207136869430542,
1.0927146673202515,
-0.39774394035339355,
-1.770029902458191,
2.214308738708496,
-0.5077129006385803,
0.5005718469619751,
-0.34288787841796875,
0.5206435918807983,
-3.0873584747314453,
-0.5482392907142639,
-3.324580669403076,
-0.8179970383644104,
-0.0713280737400055,
-1.7743139266967773,
-0.25019097328186035,
-0.22228635847568512,
-1.6372129917144775,
0.9859389066696167,
0.9772870540618896,
0.8612824082374573,
-2.4496407508850098,
-2.4352316856384277,
1.8951189517974854,
-0.8768669366836548,
-1.196178913116455,
1.9673378467559814,
0.1491769552230835,
-1.0245568752288818,
-0.6518903374671936,
2.8274424076080322,
0.8283267617225647,
-1.4447681903839111,
3.691220760345459,
2.9929141998291016,
-0.41202133893966675,
-5.051531791687012,
-0.3541715145111084,
-0.9305680394172668,
0.4375409483909607,
-3.664019823074341,
0.2721281349658966,
2.5082390308380127,
-1.707597255706787,
0.07689450681209564,
-0.6802123188972473,
0.24279242753982544,
1.0729326009750366,
-0.3587800860404968,
-2.522644281387329,
2.199082612991333,
-2.7839014530181885,
-1.8374505043029785,
2.867708921432495,
0.14293910562992096,
-1.6129369735717773,
-0.9067122340202332,
-0.33756768703460693,
0.6628067493438721,
-0.9328532814979553,
-1.61248779296875,
1.475109338760376,
0.1988724321126938,
-1.1595534086227417,
0.08229485154151917,
3.9128050804138184,
1.538588047027588,
2.359787702560425,
-0.638688325881958,
-1.8424766063690186,
0.5340259671211243,
4.164536476135254,
2.273916482925415,
2.280604124069214,
-0.7359923720359802,
1.6485861539840698,
2.287515878677368,
1.341011643409729,
2.04367995262146,
3.2220394611358643,
0.782842218875885,
-0.599932849407196,
4.348877906799316,
0.6150157451629639,
-0.6206831336021423,
0.6080718040466309,
0.8514986038208008,
-2.217177391052246,
3.5377399921417236,
-0.577431321144104,
1.771451711654663,
0.6309380531311035,
1.817381501197815,
5.163146495819092,
1.69032883644104,
2.4320876598358154,
-0.7506861686706543,
-3.490696668624878,
1.7423077821731567,
-1.15035879611969,
1.925325870513916,
3.854541063308716,
0.018307708203792572,
-2.470064640045166,
-2.2014682292938232,
-1.5745888948440552,
-0.2302841693162918,
0.48841965198516846,
2.346652030944824,
1.1747523546218872,
2.4016635417938232,
-1.4201858043670654,
0.1340014934539795,
3.336118459701538,
-1.049881100654602,
-5.037938117980957,
-0.2972780466079712,
1.4507120847702026,
-3.444598913192749,
1.7126296758651733,
-1.0831167697906494,
0.452716588973999,
5.003913402557373,
0.7577410936355591,
1.007776141166687,
0.16928943991661072,
-1.9625791311264038,
1.1068930625915527,
-1.4472339153289795,
0.3505183458328247,
0.6074427366256714,
0.957050085067749,
-2.182591438293457,
-3.4471912384033203,
0.274669349193573,
0.9010542035102844,
-1.1753544807434082,
-0.3074108958244324,
2.1488711833953857,
2.500361680984497,
0.2501401901245117,
2.734074354171753,
1.5771640539169312
] |
using f-miso pet for hypoxia imaging | just wanted to understand the basics of hypoxia imaging using pet as the imaging modality. as i understand pet, you need to get isotope uptake in the region for it to light up but hypoxia is a situation where there's no blood flow to the region. so what is the underlying mechanism behind f-miso pet hypoxia imaging? thanks | misonidazole is reduced under hypoxic conditions and binds to macromolecules inside the cell, effectively becoming trapped. a fluoro tracer allows imaging via pet. hypoxia means low oxygen delivery, so low blood flow. anoxia would mean no blood flow. so, in hypoxic tissues the f-miso is trapped and these tissues will have a higher signal. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.2928470373153687,
0.11304083466529846,
0.003835611045360565,
0.7097688913345337,
0.43095239996910095,
-0.2819027304649353,
0.6573995351791382,
1.1544866561889648,
0.2597423195838928,
-0.07671263068914413,
0.9661359190940857,
-0.4864232540130615,
-0.3983457386493683,
0.31764230132102966,
-0.7165089249610901,
-1.4486775398254395,
-0.6996278166770935,
0.5714570879936218,
-0.6401826739311218,
1.1069365739822388,
0.48190122842788696,
0.2948286533355713,
-0.11320279538631439,
-0.4762643575668335,
-0.02020278573036194,
0.5670836567878723,
-0.2771935760974884,
-0.12925806641578674,
-0.32151633501052856,
0.010947242379188538,
0.222328782081604,
0.6341598629951477,
0.20704282820224762,
-0.3676759898662567,
1.2246930599212646,
-0.30634641647338867,
-0.6563130617141724,
0.6539268493652344,
-0.13242214918136597,
-0.27751147747039795,
-0.6665055751800537,
0.07905352115631104,
0.27970176935195923,
0.7209060192108154,
-0.016351960599422455,
0.4529818296432495,
-0.024203717708587646,
0.5788828134536743,
0.5055245757102966,
-0.2452477365732193,
-0.30046766996383667,
-0.3404167890548706,
-0.846842885017395,
0.7204663753509521,
-0.40882694721221924,
0.41889479756355286,
-0.7869282960891724,
0.01789958029985428,
-0.5703076124191284,
0.4295046329498291,
0.25535446405410767,
0.2536442279815674,
-0.5594965219497681,
0.4192696213722229,
1.6400196552276611,
-0.3155994415283203,
0.2514660060405731,
-0.856647253036499,
0.62035071849823,
0.2203197032213211,
0.22581514716148376,
-0.4987735152244568,
0.3092823922634125,
0.4654890298843384,
0.26001042127609253,
0.5749070644378662,
0.07355578243732452,
0.5617074966430664,
0.5209909081459045,
0.2280147224664688,
0.6181822419166565,
-0.2044110894203186,
0.08378427475690842,
0.018615832552313805,
0.18257826566696167,
1.2942707538604736,
-0.07682164758443832,
-0.1370246559381485,
-1.1082580089569092,
0.1210247129201889,
-0.26939380168914795,
-0.1605650633573532,
0.011651584878563881,
0.36543935537338257,
-0.29470375180244446,
0.16281697154045105,
-0.21028482913970947,
1.1887987852096558,
-0.5079252123832703,
-0.2620801627635956,
0.480288565158844,
-0.12733371555805206,
-0.49896344542503357,
0.3240469992160797,
-0.7216277122497559,
-0.1940155178308487,
1.1061677932739258,
0.22818180918693542,
0.8112190365791321,
0.883333683013916,
-0.012845367193222046,
0.016785606741905212,
0.3414855897426605,
0.043079666793346405,
0.13051354885101318,
-0.028548549860715866,
0.3052220344543457,
-0.4124799966812134,
-1.1892693042755127,
-0.05339142680168152,
-0.38010478019714355,
-1.057160496711731,
-0.9544472694396973,
-1.1197986602783203,
1.2312986850738525,
-0.1556626260280609,
-0.6421620845794678,
0.21459375321865082,
1.320873737335205,
1.1190087795257568,
0.08684880286455154,
0.26932886242866516,
-0.7455945014953613,
0.7361307144165039,
-0.607619047164917,
-0.22806426882743835,
0.0764627605676651,
0.0488777831196785,
-1.8304868936538696,
1.0344547033309937,
-0.8596218824386597,
-0.34517595171928406,
-0.8299317359924316,
-0.7355520725250244,
-0.7091407775878906,
-0.5737283229827881,
-0.059301480650901794,
-0.6335194110870361,
0.2717779874801636,
-0.15717804431915283,
-0.511370062828064,
-0.7326662540435791,
0.24353210628032684,
1.3349934816360474,
-0.889778733253479,
-0.4023776352405548,
-0.10418000817298889,
1.0218654870986938,
-1.3060168027877808,
-0.5123506188392639,
-0.7772323489189148,
-0.03179319575428963,
-0.06040148437023163,
0.9052181243896484,
-0.06138993799686432,
0.08230507373809814,
-0.25851619243621826,
0.26632770895957947,
-0.3680439293384552,
-0.09453655779361725,
-0.23277980089187622,
-0.001521483063697815,
1.221185326576233,
-0.8808720111846924,
-0.42964786291122437,
0.27076685428619385,
-0.6073839664459229,
0.382783979177475,
0.6143116354942322,
-0.329094797372818,
-0.10838210582733154,
-0.16780956089496613,
-0.28872019052505493,
-0.21048912405967712,
-0.1265440434217453,
-0.2442868947982788,
-0.07941295206546783,
0.6930524706840515,
-0.4101913273334503,
0.5207634568214417,
-0.17581115663051605,
1.2501193284988403,
0.8488121032714844,
0.7604635953903198,
-0.412028044462204,
-1.0922163724899292,
-1.0621106624603271,
0.8050129413604736,
0.04952916502952576,
-0.7130938768386841,
1.236201524734497,
0.8296940922737122,
-0.4812942445278168,
0.0014066188596189022,
0.44349732995033264,
0.2720901370048523,
0.2820499837398529,
-1.0465712547302246,
-0.14976634085178375,
-0.618593156337738,
-0.8785688281059265,
0.7176439166069031,
-0.6028244495391846,
0.4282413125038147,
0.17377953231334686,
0.33160340785980225,
-0.9751670360565186,
-1.1631617546081543,
0.8680918216705322,
-0.39422768354415894,
0.4244738221168518,
-1.1823065280914307,
0.5575818419456482,
-0.7927459478378296,
0.0887007862329483,
0.38357013463974,
-0.011738643050193787,
-0.354352205991745,
-0.2570333182811737,
1.02004873752594,
0.5017274022102356,
1.120537519454956,
0.6577059626579285,
0.23291322588920593,
0.16468405723571777,
0.5300449132919312,
-0.1957188844680786,
0.0004273243248462677,
-0.5816584229469299,
0.20338742434978485,
-0.1600198745727539,
-0.592914342880249,
-0.6100291013717651,
0.10444246977567673,
-0.4428865909576416,
1.0898445844650269,
0.17925302684307098,
0.5544247031211853,
0.2752697765827179,
0.7519230842590332,
-0.20656612515449524,
0.226601243019104,
0.513421893119812,
1.503311038017273,
-0.35164690017700195,
0.13641364872455597,
-0.2590542137622833,
-0.5557538866996765,
0.34488415718078613,
-0.2659025192260742,
-0.22681283950805664,
0.7479977607727051,
-0.5051303505897522,
-1.0049786567687988,
-0.012864291667938232,
0.28229573369026184,
0.4471026062965393,
1.1420161724090576,
0.061136394739151,
0.8945341110229492,
-0.3203568160533905,
-0.9935619831085205,
0.20745834708213806,
0.8385077714920044,
0.20770806074142456,
-0.9360373020172119,
0.039602816104888916,
-0.08104593306779861,
-0.6160839796066284,
0.8801645040512085,
-1.1047227382659912,
-1.1683809757232666,
-0.534985363483429,
0.449660062789917,
0.34857267141342163,
-0.31270819902420044,
-0.17074623703956604,
-0.1474694311618805,
0.18646970391273499,
0.33272284269332886,
-0.22873318195343018,
0.22298090159893036,
0.45758986473083496,
0.1127476692199707,
1.0051045417785645,
1.1271770000457764,
-0.02541610598564148,
0.4680362045764923,
0.32817375659942627,
0.17009013891220093,
-0.8942979574203491,
-0.07765906304121017,
-0.9349276423454285,
0.4233109652996063,
0.604979395866394,
0.11562377214431763,
-0.5249910354614258,
-0.31547361612319946,
0.9886666536331177,
-1.5571333169937134,
-1.0767364501953125,
-0.4314538836479187,
-0.32382428646087646,
-0.37085437774658203,
-0.12187488377094269,
0.6813461780548096,
0.7843162417411804,
-0.2066943496465683,
0.2592208683490753,
-0.36166757345199585,
0.43795934319496155,
-0.21799913048744202,
0.3354174494743347,
-0.7985855937004089,
0.004441507160663605,
0.2304828017950058,
-0.43783479928970337,
-0.9011932015419006,
-0.03299148380756378,
-0.00342705100774765,
0.015512203797698021,
0.8386350870132446,
-0.35234948992729187,
-0.7062591910362244,
0.27222299575805664,
0.5553526282310486,
-0.052489250898361206,
0.747884213924408,
-0.6455807685852051,
-0.32129496335983276,
-0.537316083908081,
-0.0629551112651825,
-0.6288991570472717,
-0.10929052531719208,
1.1557016372680664,
-0.5238358378410339,
0.29621705412864685,
0.3514590263366699,
-1.303192138671875,
-0.23813337087631226,
0.34596535563468933,
0.5194792747497559,
1.0067646503448486,
0.8301895260810852,
-0.40657705068588257,
-0.3562673032283783,
-0.22487126290798187,
0.5944536924362183,
-0.5717247128486633,
-0.5103644728660583,
-0.4616464376449585,
0.27589574456214905,
-0.8229343891143799,
0.11724896728992462,
-1.2616784572601318,
-0.27103179693222046,
0.3682286739349365,
-0.11350444704294205,
0.00016983598470687866,
0.2986069619655609,
1.0393542051315308,
0.3246757686138153,
0.38819506764411926,
-1.048525333404541,
-0.8533217906951904,
0.061459749937057495,
0.2288265973329544,
1.2069861888885498,
-0.08617846667766571,
0.3003093898296356,
0.04392619803547859,
0.6492217183113098,
1.1317050457000732,
0.4255589246749878
] |
anyone out there knowledgeable in geological matters? | a friend found this yesterday and we want to know what it is....it all fits together.... [picture](_url_0_) | did this used to be a sphere that you broke open? it seems like you have something similar to a [moqui marble](_url_0_). these are basically just iron rich waters that flow throughout the rock and end up precipitating in certain areas that contain a nucleus of a certain material. if it is cylindrical, then you probably just have a water tube that may have been near a volcano and had very hot fluids passing through it with a large concentration of minerals dissolved in it. where did you find it? the folks over at [/r/rockhounds](/r/rockhounds) are really good at this type of thing, so you might want to check that out also. | 4 | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/kAGeQ"
] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_Sandstone#Iron_oxide_concretions_.28Moqui_marbles.29",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liesegang_rings_%28geology%29"
] | [
-1.0978269577026367,
0.03770127892494202,
1.2899810075759888,
1.3300199508666992,
-0.5195595622062683,
-2.534846067428589,
1.7295982837677002,
-0.08805736899375916,
0.6339687705039978,
-0.1821075677871704,
-0.4657036066055298,
-0.15048615634441376,
0.8498764634132385,
0.5780965089797974,
1.2905912399291992,
-0.23145602643489838,
-0.3436130881309509,
-0.6425725817680359,
-0.8918692469596863,
0.26911595463752747,
0.48074862360954285,
0.7987980246543884,
-0.7921092510223389,
-0.5625984072685242,
-0.07882830500602722,
0.5242087841033936,
0.39148950576782227,
0.49898475408554077,
-0.6698811650276184,
-0.41412442922592163,
-0.39776089787483215,
0.03226006031036377,
-1.486791729927063,
-0.2321900576353073,
1.3903659582138062,
1.2714083194732666,
-0.2514451742172241,
-0.08909483253955841,
-0.43119320273399353,
-0.08772419393062592,
0.045835647732019424,
-0.2752559185028076,
1.9963423013687134,
1.300214171409607,
0.6014617085456848,
0.6683938503265381,
0.3843250870704651,
0.2979797422885895,
0.1267472505569458,
-0.25594353675842285,
-0.18382221460342407,
-1.399240493774414,
0.22327831387519836,
-0.6578811407089233,
-0.9851399064064026,
-0.45794928073883057,
0.2881934642791748,
-0.5263122916221619,
-0.25562939047813416,
-0.7290342450141907,
0.7578742504119873,
-0.5505636930465698,
0.3468928337097168,
0.08397245407104492,
0.5153138637542725,
-0.3196808099746704,
-0.7722751498222351,
-0.18778224289417267,
0.3103088140487671,
0.45176607370376587,
0.1334311068058014,
1.2638195753097534,
0.04826173186302185,
-0.4628816545009613,
0.7168195247650146,
-0.6688860058784485,
0.23366689682006836,
-0.9021783471107483,
-0.9572065472602844,
1.040562391281128,
-0.368059903383255,
0.43843695521354675,
-0.032025717198848724,
0.33962032198905945,
-0.512139081954956,
1.6553959846496582,
0.03877567499876022,
1.0985511541366577,
-0.6263716816902161,
-0.7812938094139099,
0.028815224766731262,
0.736678957939148,
-0.9698454141616821,
0.031649038195610046,
0.3004974126815796,
1.156159520149231,
0.40102675557136536,
-1.4669630527496338,
0.7614731788635254,
-0.06597864627838135,
0.031198084354400635,
1.1057147979736328,
0.5305503010749817,
-0.3931632339954376,
-0.05867546796798706,
0.02475982904434204,
-0.16869284212589264,
1.8478386402130127,
1.4816163778305054,
-0.2846618890762329,
0.23979036509990692,
-0.49768608808517456,
0.28140807151794434,
0.24994006752967834,
-0.41770344972610474,
-1.338326096534729,
-0.6165333986282349,
0.06191601604223251,
-2.3752055168151855,
-0.190780907869339,
0.7729969024658203,
-0.596091628074646,
-0.2741597890853882,
0.1322334259748459,
0.022820860147476196,
-0.845165491104126,
0.24719524383544922,
0.43196535110473633,
-0.4846959710121155,
0.38391804695129395,
0.4828827679157257,
-0.3571595251560211,
0.2331836223602295,
0.6315052509307861,
-0.9010168313980103,
0.36000704765319824,
0.1325773298740387,
0.9798437356948853,
-0.9061092138290405,
1.8212356567382812,
-0.5319585204124451,
1.2097094058990479,
-0.2812771201133728,
-1.7293554544448853,
0.005261152982711792,
0.45841702818870544,
-1.5297231674194336,
-0.8759310245513916,
-0.96019446849823,
-0.6420038342475891,
-0.3828718066215515,
-0.0799538642168045,
0.3459987938404083,
0.6382215619087219,
-0.4424707889556885,
-0.19820231199264526,
-0.00768641009926796,
0.5906323790550232,
2.224729299545288,
-0.10950255393981934,
-0.5836614370346069,
0.4025767147541046,
-0.1769363135099411,
1.3261181116104126,
-0.5588524341583252,
-0.552157998085022,
-0.5786387920379639,
-1.197696566581726,
0.8999077081680298,
-0.48434388637542725,
0.6226447820663452,
1.1035354137420654,
0.3362043797969818,
-1.1392120122909546,
-1.4508687257766724,
0.8757741451263428,
-0.4368187189102173,
0.12274853885173798,
0.8212078213691711,
0.8640327453613281,
0.038018062710762024,
1.210402011871338,
0.973273515701294,
1.0279591083526611,
-0.22642451524734497,
0.23084259033203125,
-0.04956047981977463,
-0.3699531853199005,
0.5639356374740601,
0.45716333389282227,
0.1552470624446869,
-0.19060254096984863,
-0.4777558743953705,
0.863670289516449,
-0.24714621901512146,
1.4909462928771973,
0.7065797448158264,
-0.890069305896759,
-0.7721309661865234,
1.1427558660507202,
-1.1943893432617188,
-0.12725898623466492,
-0.6385695934295654,
-0.19109894335269928,
-0.03964349627494812,
-0.7463197112083435,
2.712475299835205,
-0.014673635363578796,
-0.9448058605194092,
-0.5344122052192688,
-0.9869455695152283,
-0.8378180265426636,
-1.8280671834945679,
0.49829453229904175,
0.7871798872947693,
-0.6667119860649109,
0.14318789541721344,
-0.6205199956893921,
-1.1241222620010376,
-0.5430120825767517,
-0.364163875579834,
-1.5788779258728027,
-0.28937438130378723,
-1.4152774810791016,
0.3167997896671295,
-0.30160897970199585,
0.3363804221153259,
0.6785046458244324,
0.5846068859100342,
-0.36189496517181396,
0.7536720037460327,
0.08040301501750946,
-0.4607166051864624,
0.6865357756614685,
0.4781060814857483,
-0.2365342080593109,
0.4565616846084595,
-0.6190585494041443,
1.8541545867919922,
0.6738495230674744,
-0.3136747479438782,
-0.735244631767273,
0.38724485039711,
0.6535475850105286,
-1.1745578050613403,
-0.6484066843986511,
0.3306731879711151,
-0.031034082174301147,
-0.6538305282592773,
1.3738473653793335,
-0.9256690740585327,
-1.9450509548187256,
-0.749035120010376,
0.9022132158279419,
-0.7811774611473083,
1.6627285480499268,
-0.2890377342700958,
-1.4538873434066772,
-2.940546751022339,
-0.12899699807167053,
1.1007030010223389,
-1.221724510192871,
-0.9765362739562988,
-2.260084390640259,
-0.09977290034294128,
-0.5671050548553467,
1.1991713047027588,
1.813688039779663,
-1.3795589208602905,
-0.5265666246414185,
1.5341500043869019,
-0.11126403510570526,
0.24080103635787964,
0.11489525437355042,
0.2935415506362915,
-0.6063681244850159,
0.17707014083862305,
-0.6558583974838257,
0.8611370325088501,
0.6447111368179321,
-0.6958059072494507,
-1.306443691253662,
-0.821082353591919,
-0.6169078946113586,
0.019987475126981735,
0.10699711740016937,
0.24097374081611633,
-0.8185486793518066,
-0.2863895297050476,
-0.1626390516757965,
-0.02063959836959839,
1.8539276123046875,
-1.5598583221435547,
-0.2844075858592987,
0.596588671207428,
0.15736733376979828,
2.1041932106018066,
-0.33656010031700134,
1.6287987232208252,
-0.4618127644062042,
-0.2058783322572708,
0.16494759917259216,
-1.2915254831314087,
0.4521991014480591,
-0.6721751689910889,
1.8748775720596313,
-0.7472536563873291,
0.15067432820796967,
2.4651527404785156,
-1.3717656135559082,
-0.2757014036178589,
-0.9346153736114502,
0.021090209484100342,
0.9765439033508301,
0.35983672738075256,
-0.1375950574874878,
0.3187286853790283,
0.6388554573059082,
0.12145271897315979,
0.3611522316932678,
0.24453742802143097,
0.9589360356330872,
1.282226324081421,
-0.7054213285446167,
-0.3122697174549103,
-0.2461874932050705,
1.6522777080535889,
1.1696146726608276,
-0.3217986226081848,
0.1988634318113327,
-1.6284343004226685,
0.20085257291793823,
0.4686935842037201,
-0.6462753415107727,
0.29500678181648254,
1.432358741760254,
-0.14129424095153809,
-1.375451922416687,
-0.5135773420333862,
-0.5173780918121338,
-0.4874782860279083,
0.04674902558326721,
1.6985735893249512,
-0.06411227583885193,
-0.09778968244791031,
0.4396950602531433,
-0.1982526183128357,
-0.5843440890312195,
-1.1005058288574219,
-0.01412204746156931,
-0.3318660259246826,
0.6878198981285095,
0.7420269250869751,
-0.224205881357193,
0.5600104928016663,
0.1601635217666626,
-1.2797642946243286,
-0.38289183378219604,
0.6192019581794739,
-1.4593334197998047,
-0.3097926080226898,
-0.17557552456855774,
0.5969736576080322,
1.2595629692077637,
-0.5702391862869263,
1.659430742263794,
-1.3023736476898193,
0.8864165544509888,
-1.6220793724060059,
1.3169934749603271,
-0.8349124193191528,
-0.0001671910285949707,
-0.044449448585510254,
0.1883181780576706,
0.6955755949020386,
0.15178418159484863,
0.40288227796554565,
0.5264313220977783,
-0.7663032412528992,
1.0624492168426514,
-0.21709847450256348,
0.09329584240913391,
0.7757777571678162,
0.09315624833106995
] |
why is norovirus such a problem on cruise ships? | the only time you hear about it is when half a ship gets infected... surely cruise ships aren't the only place people catch it. | norovirus is food-borne and can also be transmitted by contact with contaminated surfaces. it's a problem in any setting in which large groups of people live in close quarters, especially if they eat food from the same source, and especially if their food source cannot easily be disinfected on a regular basis. a large ship at sea meets all those criteria, but you also hear about it in hospitals and prisons, and on college campuses, among others. [cdc overview of norovirus transmission](_url_0_). | 7 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/transmission.html",
"http://www.cruisecritic.com/articles.cfm?ID=71"
] | [
0.041709184646606445,
-0.3989664912223816,
-0.5410084128379822,
-0.8466399908065796,
1.0450236797332764,
-0.1539020538330078,
0.30937719345092773,
-0.15506677329540253,
0.5568569302558899,
-0.3322675824165344,
-0.15824992954730988,
0.027996033430099487,
-0.316303551197052,
0.4132324457168579,
-0.4258807599544525,
-1.0470991134643555,
0.1736162006855011,
-1.1735270023345947,
-0.4630891978740692,
0.10235616564750671,
-0.8176160454750061,
0.3228752911090851,
-0.4315374493598938,
-0.946238100528717,
-0.04816969484090805,
0.143881157040596,
-0.3075735867023468,
0.7628633379936218,
-0.8122095465660095,
0.08420322835445404,
0.23583801090717316,
0.2940383553504944,
-0.1468048095703125,
-0.27429839968681335,
0.08602863550186157,
-0.8929574489593506,
1.2646784782409668,
-0.8473147749900818,
-0.3897460997104645,
0.2620645761489868,
-0.12091797590255737,
0.4882788062095642,
0.42355090379714966,
0.009505979716777802,
-0.3738585114479065,
0.3050547242164612,
0.6096675395965576,
-0.29897016286849976,
0.06261351704597473,
-0.40532341599464417,
-0.7820639610290527,
1.538102149963379,
0.7493467330932617,
1.7367064952850342,
-0.16482841968536377,
-1.4873709678649902,
0.4703924059867859,
-0.3919651210308075,
-0.977816104888916,
-0.23763075470924377,
0.7860007286071777,
-0.48518630862236023,
1.3973091840744019,
0.009338632225990295,
0.8395639657974243,
0.013823911547660828,
-0.055590152740478516,
1.6493968963623047,
0.21699249744415283,
-0.28733932971954346,
-0.01246553659439087,
0.12513035535812378,
-0.3675824701786041,
0.7894700169563293,
-0.09601759910583496,
0.42796099185943604,
0.0711929202079773,
-0.5055069923400879,
0.903771162033081,
0.3437519073486328,
-0.6845216155052185,
0.7232989072799683,
-0.037620075047016144,
-0.5478154420852661,
-0.6212348937988281,
-0.22932632267475128,
-0.5388505458831787,
0.37639451026916504,
0.6557040214538574,
0.6082039475440979,
0.8850743770599365,
0.3218785226345062,
2.2385406494140625,
-0.3038128614425659,
0.13600905239582062,
0.46000486612319946,
-0.09219762682914734,
-0.642666757106781,
-0.18253913521766663,
0.12429264187812805,
-0.5582636594772339,
-0.4580496847629547,
-1.1356147527694702,
0.5365233421325684,
0.2841506600379944,
0.13176600635051727,
-0.6517391800880432,
0.6853888630867004,
0.21529006958007812,
0.13259276747703552,
-1.2092633247375488,
0.5296992063522339,
0.46946388483047485,
-0.7321243286132812,
-0.42165377736091614,
0.2512890696525574,
0.7896339893341064,
0.3777432441711426,
-0.8713575005531311,
0.02436724305152893,
-0.6869106888771057,
-1.3071305751800537,
-0.32698941230773926,
0.13883408904075623,
0.5554744005203247,
0.6789217591285706,
-0.9279119968414307,
0.5612345933914185,
-0.26228606700897217,
-0.4088655710220337,
1.1499583721160889,
-0.48704248666763306,
0.613287091255188,
-0.2811053991317749,
-0.8499351739883423,
0.7689576148986816,
1.2200255393981934,
0.07628720998764038,
-0.3912612795829773,
-0.33144018054008484,
-0.06133649870753288,
-0.06075849011540413,
-0.21207675337791443,
0.387235552072525,
0.5278404355049133,
0.9178349375724792,
0.01596248149871826,
0.5875645279884338,
0.7088560461997986,
-1.0904197692871094,
0.8327075839042664,
0.10986576229333878,
1.510569453239441,
-0.1642310619354248,
-1.178252935409546,
-0.4758332073688507,
1.2126171588897705,
0.02383827045559883,
0.6065846681594849,
0.2237924039363861,
-0.8295305967330933,
0.1446235328912735,
-0.18667292594909668,
0.7752193212509155,
0.5492362976074219,
0.35117876529693604,
-0.700800895690918,
-1.2640149593353271,
0.24464255571365356,
-0.8566656112670898,
0.522287130355835,
0.39597147703170776,
1.1709976196289062,
-0.8442161083221436,
-0.2953189015388489,
-0.4745371341705322,
-1.0982427597045898,
-0.24022725224494934,
0.7468350529670715,
0.10956599563360214,
-0.9259645938873291,
0.9126955270767212,
-0.12823329865932465,
0.4886958599090576,
0.01724076271057129,
-0.2879655957221985,
-0.2551482915878296,
-0.5350404381752014,
-0.8295553922653198,
-0.3698825240135193,
-0.02673894166946411,
0.21604444086551666,
0.7037098407745361,
-0.9302744269371033,
0.21876195073127747,
-0.19434350728988647,
-0.1183648407459259,
0.6136581897735596,
0.3903813660144806,
-0.4361535906791687,
0.2998756468296051,
-0.915365993976593,
-1.0116130113601685,
-0.5258187055587769,
-0.7349720597267151,
-1.3672394752502441,
1.203220248222351,
-0.11202526837587357,
-1.0969834327697754,
-0.028762344270944595,
-0.16005420684814453,
0.12344785034656525,
-1.281821846961975,
0.7883322238922119,
-0.14287684857845306,
0.49799078702926636,
0.3647574484348297,
0.1315048635005951,
0.5290351510047913,
0.7216855883598328,
0.3438604474067688,
-1.083809733390808,
-0.3860315680503845,
-1.0037930011749268,
0.04368254542350769,
-1.3514108657836914,
-0.5427862405776978,
-0.16197586059570312,
-0.9529131650924683,
0.7138277292251587,
-0.7822914719581604,
0.47388190031051636,
-0.17446880042552948,
0.19844797253608704,
-0.2208062708377838,
-0.5419203042984009,
1.021344542503357,
-0.1932860016822815,
-0.1587495058774948,
0.2811233401298523,
0.17451122403144836,
1.5838481187820435,
-0.7485554218292236,
-0.25990504026412964,
-1.266623616218567,
-0.7028284072875977,
0.3886876702308655,
0.7314940094947815,
-0.6735062003135681,
0.7004746198654175,
-0.5331297516822815,
-0.3388877213001251,
-0.4121576249599457,
-0.25862544775009155,
0.0156995989382267,
0.6271225810050964,
-0.5686859488487244,
-0.7903011441230774,
0.051668763160705566,
0.6621736288070679,
0.004273056983947754,
-0.22384995222091675,
-0.5389252305030823,
-0.09818659722805023,
-0.13152272999286652,
1.116969347000122,
-0.13831016421318054,
2.3701977729797363,
-1.2114542722702026,
0.07558160275220871,
-0.6697813272476196,
-0.004269883036613464,
0.6049338579177856,
-0.3350689709186554,
0.5578385591506958,
-0.930030345916748,
0.072308748960495,
0.5510188341140747,
-0.7531685829162598,
1.196667194366455,
-0.3553946018218994,
0.04928385838866234,
-0.21776317059993744,
0.934118390083313,
0.957332193851471,
-0.29515355825424194,
-1.9956858158111572,
-0.6570464372634888,
0.4755493700504303,
-0.09872199594974518,
-0.14180420339107513,
1.3980076313018799,
1.0924293994903564,
-0.5334522128105164,
1.4572581052780151,
-0.34025225043296814,
0.6794302463531494,
0.2689668536186218,
0.1377505660057068,
0.010942898690700531,
-0.7570393085479736,
0.04512602835893631,
-0.3439260423183441,
-0.04938340187072754,
-0.5658196806907654,
-0.24585069715976715,
0.6310968399047852,
0.5224751234054565,
1.0907857418060303,
-2.1224215030670166,
0.8897530436515808,
-1.3055391311645508,
0.8521853685379028,
0.9338067173957825,
-1.2736010551452637,
-0.08101784437894821,
-1.5448708534240723,
-0.14631666243076324,
0.8150548338890076,
0.5289525389671326,
0.6363283395767212,
-0.9810641407966614,
0.12441003322601318,
-0.35529568791389465,
0.2422717958688736,
0.10913160443305969,
0.4754560887813568,
0.3473801612854004,
-0.029442928731441498,
1.6888757944107056,
-0.6077985763549805,
0.4766843616962433,
-0.5073315501213074,
0.22253915667533875,
0.32269707322120667,
0.9246759414672852,
0.10653476417064667,
0.027433142066001892,
-0.6411542892456055,
0.4033336639404297,
-0.2955682873725891,
-0.23048098385334015,
-0.16362479329109192,
1.3562806844711304,
0.42156243324279785,
-0.18757811188697815,
0.2963133752346039,
0.38374316692352295,
0.7607111930847168,
0.25743567943573,
-1.3843967914581299,
-0.11501061171293259,
-0.39046189188957214,
0.37001267075538635,
0.27187836170196533,
0.5669873952865601,
-0.5913665294647217,
-0.46301954984664917,
-0.09650906920433044,
-1.1896696090698242,
-0.4103495180606842,
-0.29452675580978394,
-0.6755606532096863,
-0.2567283809185028,
0.0038397610187530518,
0.6451684236526489,
-1.388498067855835,
1.1191928386688232,
0.18711338937282562,
0.14617010951042175,
0.05168287456035614,
0.8842201828956604,
1.108170986175537,
0.5319675207138062,
-1.1256155967712402,
-1.1363792419433594,
-0.12559941411018372,
0.3710167407989502,
0.9189368486404419,
0.37919503450393677,
-0.10768349468708038,
-0.2081492692232132,
0.808129608631134,
0.1085425615310669
] |
what is actually meant by particles seemingly popping "in and out of existence"? can we explain why this happens? | the real way to understand this is as a description of a particular way to calculate what happens physically when take a classical theory and make it quantum. we start with a theory with certain fields (say, an electron field and a photon field, etc.). these classical fields get modified when quantum effects are included. if the quantum modifications are small, then we can characterize these modifications by saying that we take the original fields and "dress them up" with virtual particles -- objects we do not actually see, but that mathematically look a lot like particles popping into and out of existence. the same process dresses up the vacuum: the vacuum is not just empty space, but all the ways you can start with nothing and end with nothing, which have virtual particles appearing and disappearing. it is important to remember that these virtual particles are not physical particles that can be observed, although we often talk about them as if they are tangible things. what *is* tangible is the effect of modifying a theory to be quantum mechanical, and the language of particles popping into and out of existence is one way to describe that modification. | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.392066478729248,
1.3750766515731812,
1.0023505687713623,
1.0884023904800415,
-0.7171808481216431,
-2.195948362350464,
2.093527317047119,
-1.767633080482483,
2.0537054538726807,
-0.48928728699684143,
1.9305360317230225,
0.030785739421844482,
0.3257259726524353,
-0.6610836982727051,
3.2977917194366455,
-1.0410202741622925,
-1.1097296476364136,
0.7364310026168823,
-4.909038543701172,
1.321518063545227,
1.2971901893615723,
-0.05147594213485718,
-1.0940287113189697,
-0.49894458055496216,
-0.8980525732040405,
0.7105447053909302,
1.070025086402893,
-2.615877389907837,
1.8573962450027466,
-1.4331037998199463,
-0.01763904094696045,
1.2581262588500977,
-1.2904736995697021,
-0.276703417301178,
0.06351636350154877,
1.0254428386688232,
0.7436670064926147,
1.5224926471710205,
0.28382623195648193,
-1.1797362565994263,
-1.316390872001648,
-0.6165849566459656,
1.4706370830535889,
0.8015688061714172,
-0.04581691324710846,
-0.9672738909721375,
2.020292043685913,
-0.4294082224369049,
-0.46327200531959534,
-2.233170747756958,
-2.1076369285583496,
0.2477666586637497,
-2.3055896759033203,
-0.8270651698112488,
-0.34611767530441284,
1.5156209468841553,
4.248631000518799,
-0.8211610913276672,
-1.2171521186828613,
-2.683279037475586,
-0.29180708527565,
-1.3493547439575195,
-2.477457284927368,
1.8340463638305664,
4.574725151062012,
-0.2791886031627655,
1.2375216484069824,
-1.212746024131775,
0.8103591799736023,
1.403047800064087,
0.5154759883880615,
1.9038305282592773,
-1.9301483631134033,
1.666378378868103,
1.534783124923706,
1.0071885585784912,
-0.06795700639486313,
1.3098068237304688,
1.349531650543213,
0.29664987325668335,
0.8553926944732666,
-2.5591094493865967,
-0.42053714394569397,
-0.3358915448188782,
-1.9592700004577637,
4.747931480407715,
0.3987206816673279,
-1.1549527645111084,
-0.26980307698249817,
-0.060326576232910156,
-2.8745276927948,
-2.5651004314422607,
-0.11016178131103516,
-0.14712560176849365,
0.3024253249168396,
0.040106020867824554,
0.13792280852794647,
-1.6616079807281494,
4.523397445678711,
1.7263976335525513,
-2.144399642944336,
1.9935054779052734,
-2.475980281829834,
-0.9465448260307312,
-0.3173646628856659,
-2.578758478164673,
1.8729798793792725,
0.2278442084789276,
2.131701707839966,
-0.21469685435295105,
-0.5956228971481323,
-1.6072771549224854,
0.20783933997154236,
-3.1737077236175537,
-0.4806464910507202,
-1.4888887405395508,
2.6574056148529053,
0.8954964876174927,
-1.8971176147460938,
-1.565995693206787,
1.0499849319458008,
-0.43400678038597107,
0.8463727235794067,
1.0886304378509521,
0.16870161890983582,
-1.1123381853103638,
0.6156689524650574,
1.9164503812789917,
0.6307276487350464,
-0.17524728178977966,
2.786400556564331,
-0.3224371671676636,
0.785347044467926,
1.0223978757858276,
0.37031081318855286,
-2.26737904548645,
2.0845117568969727,
-1.8238245248794556,
0.38493430614471436,
2.173586845397949,
-1.5970940589904785,
1.018588662147522,
2.294466018676758,
-0.4707101583480835,
-0.48516035079956055,
1.191361904144287,
1.5888932943344116,
-0.23463739454746246,
0.4843282699584961,
0.2465476095676422,
-1.2048925161361694,
-1.5910143852233887,
0.31161069869995117,
-1.70737624168396,
1.4478764533996582,
0.5954147577285767,
-1.7549420595169067,
0.3106837868690491,
-1.7352585792541504,
2.4350333213806152,
-1.6692343950271606,
2.7637405395507812,
0.31057918071746826,
0.1057492196559906,
1.4457663297653198,
0.6028296947479248,
1.3550535440444946,
-3.5553150177001953,
0.9980010986328125,
1.0563137531280518,
-1.8355062007904053,
-1.2371490001678467,
1.0112287998199463,
-2.882796049118042,
0.3886258602142334,
-0.22904469072818756,
-3.460130453109741,
-0.7922337055206299,
0.8559682369232178,
2.4001758098602295,
0.4600750803947449,
-0.9731885194778442,
0.9217555522918701,
0.18598158657550812,
0.7827929258346558,
-0.2333650141954422,
0.00715145468711853,
-0.13999031484127045,
0.637471616268158,
1.5891237258911133,
-0.16296248137950897,
1.0912309885025024,
-0.8504673838615417,
1.4409549236297607,
1.3645018339157104,
-1.476040244102478,
-1.3710535764694214,
0.22781792283058167,
-1.5225310325622559,
0.01447385549545288,
-2.6205837726593018,
-2.2658591270446777,
0.6699041724205017,
-1.3330527544021606,
0.11671341955661774,
-1.0676661729812622,
1.5069481134414673,
-0.3794232904911041,
-1.058542251586914,
-1.1968142986297607,
-2.153902292251587,
-3.4447507858276367,
-2.976680278778076,
-0.2668525278568268,
-2.087730884552002,
1.3270658254623413,
-0.2206592857837677,
-3.9396731853485107,
-1.3325327634811401,
0.46917346119880676,
1.5831599235534668,
0.04569355398416519,
-1.0576821565628052,
-2.341644048690796,
-1.1088476181030273,
-1.9976530075073242,
-0.5038712620735168,
3.327868938446045,
-0.3800562024116516,
0.7009785175323486,
-0.7939522862434387,
-0.43610918521881104,
2.588418960571289,
0.7466176748275757,
-0.31450265645980835,
-0.4199470281600952,
-3.6603755950927734,
-0.04614405333995819,
0.026355043053627014,
-1.8726489543914795,
-0.009481899440288544,
-0.6200106143951416,
-0.34752988815307617,
-1.1176135540008545,
-0.35643377900123596,
1.1897462606430054,
-1.0003714561462402,
-1.4831583499908447,
-0.9464502930641174,
1.852862000465393,
-0.4480961561203003,
0.6434224247932434,
1.087884783744812,
1.1228623390197754,
-1.0146464109420776,
0.5826652646064758,
-0.39762336015701294,
-0.6717936396598816,
-1.4358175992965698,
0.4345026910305023,
3.232854127883911,
1.1112077236175537,
-0.4577952027320862,
-3.2863681316375732,
-0.5065329670906067,
3.0299835205078125,
-0.8010150790214539,
2.2189197540283203,
-0.5923703908920288,
-0.18314091861248016,
0.3789036273956299,
0.019204623997211456,
-1.0571815967559814,
0.030447974801063538,
2.8273680210113525,
-1.811082363128662,
-0.817816972732544,
-3.275264263153076,
-2.282917022705078,
1.7475967407226562,
-0.1479041874408722,
-3.193510055541992,
0.291318416595459,
1.4237103462219238,
-1.1257761716842651,
-0.3909510374069214,
-0.41564232110977173,
0.7943004369735718,
0.36441782116889954,
-1.5554198026657104,
-0.9501780867576599,
4.89550256729126,
-0.5358973741531372,
-0.9420183300971985,
1.9161421060562134,
2.0046215057373047,
-0.9206814169883728,
-0.11975380778312683,
0.5413858294487,
-0.5995885133743286,
1.0920785665512085,
-2.4452290534973145,
-2.4747097492218018,
0.4279087781906128,
0.08927157521247864,
-0.40717869997024536,
1.787598967552185,
2.0142264366149902,
0.952498197555542,
-0.32625627517700195,
-2.926391124725342,
-1.3094913959503174,
1.4071159362792969,
1.6645430326461792,
-2.502204656600952,
1.160896897315979,
0.3201020359992981,
3.3793604373931885,
-0.2633052170276642,
1.2972818613052368,
-0.6630048155784607,
-1.276528239250183,
2.379013776779175,
0.6803120374679565,
1.8842629194259644,
0.4338298439979553,
0.9304400682449341,
0.23287862539291382,
0.12773177027702332,
-1.3967912197113037,
-3.369464159011841,
1.88089919090271,
0.08621901273727417,
0.8973479270935059,
3.242016077041626,
3.972930431365967,
-1.402972936630249,
-2.0807385444641113,
-1.6633877754211426,
0.8310890197753906,
0.8379572629928589,
1.2653673887252808,
0.7818406820297241,
2.6854422092437744,
0.14433306455612183,
0.26468685269355774,
-0.49734121561050415,
0.4728522002696991,
-0.2811627686023712,
1.8484108448028564,
-2.7835841178894043,
3.2186760902404785,
1.5446929931640625,
1.1100586652755737,
-0.5301680564880371,
-1.355555534362793,
0.052466124296188354,
-0.34554609656333923,
1.0858386754989624,
1.5052359104156494,
-1.6164498329162598,
-1.1946247816085815,
0.3008716106414795,
3.6745808124542236,
-1.081961989402771,
1.875811219215393,
-1.1558547019958496,
-1.7302948236465454,
-2.2938942909240723,
3.4563982486724854,
1.2150592803955078,
2.8204760551452637,
-0.07291057705879211,
-0.9748018980026245,
-0.602344810962677,
-0.426264226436615,
-1.0497759580612183,
0.22870412468910217,
-0.5810456275939941,
0.48182952404022217,
1.0533041954040527,
0.42355889081954956,
1.9485187530517578,
1.0193111896514893
] |
|
does the brain use something like variables to hold and move data around or is it more abstract? | the simplest answer is no. brains are not structured in the way that digital microprocessors are structured so we won't have anything close to those kinds of variables. most of what your brain is doing is much more akin to real-time analog signal processing. as far as we can tell, any kind of "persistent" state (i.e. the same response to the same inputs) in brains comes about from physical changes in the neuronal network. new connections are made, old connections are broken. it's actually changing how the incoming signal gets processed. | 8 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.220829963684082,
-1.7789082527160645,
-0.8946620225906372,
-0.3765937387943268,
-0.04167526960372925,
-1.4010329246520996,
-0.11445742845535278,
-0.3587245047092438,
0.8258213996887207,
0.24708309769630432,
0.8084484338760376,
0.7026966214179993,
-0.28029733896255493,
-0.690646767616272,
-1.174625039100647,
-0.8595337271690369,
-0.23983263969421387,
-0.7963797450065613,
-1.5001155138015747,
0.506091833114624,
-0.04553871601819992,
0.06920808553695679,
-0.16282056272029877,
-0.08385050296783447,
-0.2508135437965393,
1.1664071083068848,
1.0872427225112915,
-1.275185227394104,
0.4596397280693054,
-1.1897599697113037,
0.035562142729759216,
1.3145413398742676,
0.6870489716529846,
0.00567018985748291,
-0.8977118134498596,
-0.1712796539068222,
-0.7670184373855591,
0.8186454176902771,
-0.24217833578586578,
-0.4293484687805176,
0.39578378200531006,
0.020575761795043945,
0.08109293133020401,
1.2097200155258179,
0.8754861354827881,
1.1193628311157227,
-0.25959813594818115,
0.6058946251869202,
-0.6721383333206177,
-0.9135749340057373,
-0.7661410570144653,
0.7395720481872559,
-1.6310349702835083,
0.8903983235359192,
-0.5995126366615295,
1.7185041904449463,
0.5606085062026978,
-0.28274768590927124,
0.17123760282993317,
0.8992041349411011,
0.7573851943016052,
-0.5645105838775635,
-0.581531286239624,
0.09838438034057617,
2.093762159347534,
0.2196422815322876,
1.393059253692627,
-0.8715788125991821,
1.210057020187378,
-0.010254895314574242,
0.1987440586090088,
-0.06907597184181213,
-0.733472466468811,
0.47877785563468933,
1.3937216997146606,
0.9093681573867798,
-0.6076766848564148,
-0.575180172920227,
1.450225591659546,
-0.8803839087486267,
0.3487550616264343,
-0.4635588228702545,
0.09332606196403503,
-0.45188623666763306,
1.873211145401001,
0.8333472013473511,
0.9970529079437256,
-0.6305040121078491,
-0.8735524415969849,
-0.03041146695613861,
-0.9362393617630005,
-0.7329882383346558,
-1.5673352479934692,
-0.4041880667209625,
-0.5314711332321167,
0.28048378229141235,
0.4809812307357788,
-0.2749529480934143,
1.3611431121826172,
0.6831770539283752,
-1.0809274911880493,
1.1902333498001099,
-1.3640192747116089,
-0.15696223080158234,
-0.9737661480903625,
-1.4954566955566406,
0.3341999351978302,
-0.3994481861591339,
-0.03834099695086479,
0.2128775417804718,
-0.8968706130981445,
-0.1954115480184555,
-0.3855537176132202,
-0.5206526517868042,
1.5782134532928467,
-0.6158732175827026,
-1.4802899360656738,
0.9926784038543701,
0.6792162656784058,
-0.3478460907936096,
-0.4001646935939789,
-1.4017322063446045,
-0.8139348030090332,
0.05464509129524231,
1.507918119430542,
-0.15522214770317078,
-0.7623118162155151,
0.3573041260242462,
0.49254098534584045,
0.2564741373062134,
0.34587860107421875,
0.43245604634284973,
-0.6079332828521729,
0.5603167414665222,
-0.1412903070449829,
-0.45011335611343384,
2.196645736694336,
0.47466588020324707,
-1.720616102218628,
1.2341970205307007,
0.23352327942848206,
2.6944003105163574,
1.0623359680175781,
-0.43781426548957825,
-0.5225284099578857,
0.4840281009674072,
-0.10324722528457642,
-0.6685674786567688,
0.8994758129119873,
-0.05986607074737549,
-0.5084620714187622,
-1.3043403625488281,
0.760766863822937,
-0.3737473487854004,
-0.5007930994033813,
0.48272109031677246,
-1.7197754383087158,
0.07775717973709106,
-1.1026067733764648,
-0.27899205684661865,
-0.63970547914505,
0.6930011510848999,
-0.1356789469718933,
0.12027963250875473,
2.458348274230957,
-0.6004873514175415,
0.39645251631736755,
-0.6339913010597229,
0.7707732915878296,
0.7885936498641968,
-0.2675107717514038,
-1.524090051651001,
0.31346073746681213,
-0.5922585725784302,
-1.3824901580810547,
-0.15959182381629944,
-1.7117918729782104,
-1.061936616897583,
-0.8502415418624878,
-0.2521783709526062,
1.0601215362548828,
-0.7664979696273804,
0.44649186730384827,
0.925719141960144,
-1.0699207782745361,
-0.7541147470474243,
1.2620935440063477,
0.6337385177612305,
-1.118265151977539,
0.5739447474479675,
-1.0608667135238647,
1.0554007291793823,
1.0516486167907715,
1.0746798515319824,
-0.10869129002094269,
-1.7693886756896973,
0.39213886857032776,
-0.15277670323848724,
-0.4902687966823578,
-0.1903533637523651,
-1.0801249742507935,
-0.5568735003471375,
-0.23192760348320007,
-0.2062683254480362,
-0.8119141459465027,
0.2927263081073761,
-1.602569580078125,
-0.7943153381347656,
-0.15316268801689148,
0.7748146057128906,
-1.7194445133209229,
-0.8805661797523499,
1.2381770610809326,
-0.23998165130615234,
0.13088268041610718,
-0.21158835291862488,
-1.8907005786895752,
0.20048768818378448,
-0.3162694573402405,
0.10990536212921143,
1.3964383602142334,
-0.40525686740875244,
0.35441121459007263,
-1.2277987003326416,
-2.1490306854248047,
-0.40915411710739136,
0.0023030638694763184,
0.6787576675415039,
-1.5154197216033936,
0.1855573207139969,
1.6677837371826172,
0.021972164511680603,
1.086634874343872,
-0.3834976255893707,
-0.02041725069284439,
-0.2113845944404602,
0.1778656542301178,
-0.04608154296875,
0.07181665301322937,
-1.0675246715545654,
-1.4610285758972168,
-0.16342607140541077,
-0.22560079395771027,
-0.6460452079772949,
-0.3208516240119934,
1.0934197902679443,
-0.6101818680763245,
-0.9116078615188599,
2.065981388092041,
0.7364670038223267,
-2.161992311477661,
1.808083415031433,
-0.6388973593711853,
1.1505306959152222,
-1.0419158935546875,
-0.2594459652900696,
-0.43564707040786743,
0.694287896156311,
0.08020780980587006,
0.8672567009925842,
2.577357769012451,
-0.12447962164878845,
0.5112341642379761,
-0.9955970048904419,
1.5412715673446655,
2.42659330368042,
-0.6711234450340271,
0.5956681966781616,
-0.04282417893409729,
0.6234615445137024,
-0.9745637774467468,
0.4395509362220764,
-1.0077826976776123,
0.6449744701385498,
1.8906642198562622,
0.04602392390370369,
0.35715943574905396,
-1.0483174324035645,
-1.4099336862564087,
1.2843204736709595,
0.8158664107322693,
-1.500868558883667,
1.5045827627182007,
0.8813939094543457,
0.3912877142429352,
-2.2945854663848877,
-1.1886571645736694,
-1.022178292274475,
0.6975411772727966,
0.08379900455474854,
0.11790768802165985,
1.100542426109314,
1.9438340663909912,
0.1469973623752594,
1.3057124614715576,
2.1703271865844727,
0.4877792000770569,
-0.26126614212989807,
0.3653217554092407,
-0.1583012342453003,
-1.4231150150299072,
-2.0880796909332275,
-1.0145565271377563,
0.18282711505889893,
-0.21752502024173737,
-0.9200078248977661,
0.6960808634757996,
0.16739845275878906,
1.2050530910491943,
-0.7205820083618164,
0.25742822885513306,
0.0741739273071289,
0.3173171579837799,
-0.779061496257782,
-1.6828376054763794,
1.0984116792678833,
-0.772962749004364,
1.6932258605957031,
-0.6474597454071045,
0.8021760582923889,
-0.0931645929813385,
-0.7703946828842163,
0.48408520221710205,
0.20313121378421783,
1.3329074382781982,
-0.48814311623573303,
0.19294926524162292,
-0.49321067333221436,
-0.39243656396865845,
-1.2975531816482544,
0.24662522971630096,
0.5135205388069153,
0.3138015568256378,
-0.05893521010875702,
1.9379278421401978,
1.0028929710388184,
-0.5014212131500244,
0.006276674568653107,
-0.9725673198699951,
-0.17344552278518677,
0.32707542181015015,
0.08468222618103027,
-1.113936424255371,
0.9983373284339905,
1.0251526832580566,
-0.21570804715156555,
1.1271778345108032,
2.904146909713745,
-0.9804165363311768,
0.09965451061725616,
-0.270463228225708,
0.9238614439964294,
2.1568527221679688,
0.7565466165542603,
0.5322120189666748,
-0.13737310469150543,
-0.025994330644607544,
0.35063689947128296,
1.0170807838439941,
0.06120870262384415,
-1.4972459077835083,
-1.2781949043273926,
-1.092982530593872,
2.1063528060913086,
-0.8467987179756165,
0.08713731169700623,
0.22908362746238708,
-1.0210076570510864,
-0.133220374584198,
0.31802067160606384,
0.32565271854400635,
2.244107723236084,
1.4117100238800049,
-0.7800259590148926,
0.22545310854911804,
-1.0023404359817505,
-0.7721512913703918,
0.09595470130443573,
-1.0053789615631104,
1.0507667064666748,
-1.3374720811843872,
2.6492767333984375,
1.061479926109314,
-1.5494754314422607
] |
|
is there any formulation for electrodynamics beyond the schwinger limit? | [deleted] | yes, [quantum electrodynamics](_url_0_) (qed) is essential to describing physics at and above the schwinger limit. in fact, we already need qed to describe precision experiments done at low energies, but at the schwinger limit qed is required for pretty much all of the physics. the limit is named after julian schwinger, who was one of the most important figures in the development of qed. qed is a fundamentally quantum theory, so there aren't simple field equations anymore. instead, e, b, and j are observables in the quantum sense, meaning there are instead probability distributions for the amplitudes of the electromagnetic field, and there are uncertainty relations between certain observables. the maxwell equations still hold on average, but there's more to the physics than just the expectation values since quantum fluctuations around the mean are very strong at the schwinger limit. what is especially important for the schwinger limit is that the electromagnetic field has enough energy to create electron-positron pairs out of the vacuum. so the physics of electrons and positrons is essential for describing what goes on. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics"
] | [
-2.938760757446289,
-0.3409063220024109,
-0.9888811111450195,
1.5339516401290894,
0.42762935161590576,
1.3747262954711914,
-0.4494651257991791,
-0.18855886161327362,
0.6879115104675293,
-1.502148151397705,
1.3287371397018433,
-0.9491046667098999,
-0.493063747882843,
-0.6435573101043701,
-0.5912772417068481,
0.1966274380683899,
-1.5573766231536865,
-2.9554591178894043,
-5.086769104003906,
-0.6169078946113586,
0.9931094646453857,
0.010440900921821594,
0.738407552242279,
-0.24527601897716522,
-0.6311972737312317,
-0.3115229904651642,
0.5169073343276978,
-1.7087198495864868,
1.8766982555389404,
1.0325531959533691,
0.8406234979629517,
0.853835940361023,
0.7737281918525696,
-0.4922541677951813,
-1.4967114925384521,
0.7170819044113159,
2.0824692249298096,
-1.0428601503372192,
0.7050917148590088,
-0.05303022265434265,
-1.3244236707687378,
0.5208271145820618,
1.95615553855896,
1.1014796495437622,
-1.117578387260437,
0.16312681138515472,
1.4246103763580322,
0.033947765827178955,
-1.954758882522583,
-0.9375585913658142,
-1.969035029411316,
1.1204513311386108,
0.013620346784591675,
-0.01890324056148529,
0.43018120527267456,
1.1832860708236694,
2.352473258972168,
-2.325098991394043,
-1.6570072174072266,
-2.22874116897583,
-1.5655725002288818,
-0.7188146710395813,
0.03917160630226135,
1.1658371686935425,
2.8303613662719727,
-0.48532843589782715,
0.589535117149353,
0.0345422625541687,
0.0680992379784584,
3.817567825317383,
-0.14134851098060608,
0.89686119556427,
-2.4281554222106934,
1.6665706634521484,
2.5733892917633057,
0.2092737853527069,
0.2457975298166275,
1.770375370979309,
1.6198232173919678,
0.10057421028614044,
1.1567373275756836,
-4.658142566680908,
-0.9945434331893921,
-0.7203418612480164,
-2.3785343170166016,
2.532062292098999,
0.5447040796279907,
-0.9004063606262207,
1.3612675666809082,
0.08901908993721008,
0.11282321810722351,
-2.7766458988189697,
-3.4143002033233643,
1.7983201742172241,
0.9287199378013611,
1.3304495811462402,
-0.3868308365345001,
1.017327070236206,
0.6623697280883789,
0.28816744685173035,
0.03297257423400879,
1.1716182231903076,
-1.9885494709014893,
1.5631905794143677,
0.07300068438053131,
-0.7759954929351807,
0.9457671642303467,
1.8181387186050415,
-0.2351439893245697,
-0.00938434898853302,
0.9182537198066711,
-3.4565179347991943,
1.7591230869293213,
-2.2344143390655518,
1.806705117225647,
-1.2660655975341797,
3.509948968887329,
1.975456714630127,
0.9377850294113159,
-1.9744797945022583,
-1.0163429975509644,
0.2164931446313858,
1.0210621356964111,
-1.4113723039627075,
0.12112429738044739,
0.17885258793830872,
-0.8727499842643738,
1.6937544345855713,
0.9097990989685059,
-0.7577923536300659,
1.6302038431167603,
-2.4714372158050537,
-0.24612535536289215,
1.6192660331726074,
-0.5360029339790344,
0.9419460296630859,
2.347468137741089,
0.09308838844299316,
-1.6314551830291748,
2.8072338104248047,
-0.9929062128067017,
-0.4424673616886139,
2.272078514099121,
-1.60011625289917,
0.4060189127922058,
-0.43934303522109985,
-0.6362318396568298,
0.8809691667556763,
0.6864661574363708,
-2.870084524154663,
-1.8359994888305664,
-0.5162403583526611,
0.9590991139411926,
-2.7412109375,
2.506901502609253,
1.7509297132492065,
-1.1068023443222046,
-0.6606626510620117,
-1.837510585784912,
2.9282984733581543,
-2.652714252471924,
0.2712777853012085,
1.0552226305007935,
1.219081163406372,
-0.4510979652404785,
2.350802421569824,
-0.0081014484167099,
-1.0917465686798096,
1.207306146621704,
0.1100216954946518,
-0.43761277198791504,
-1.446824550628662,
0.747266948223114,
-1.2323827743530273,
0.2929738163948059,
-1.5698223114013672,
-2.2785544395446777,
-1.1309635639190674,
-0.280364453792572,
1.4256973266601562,
0.5334500074386597,
0.03034225106239319,
4.503813743591309,
0.1341404914855957,
1.604110598564148,
1.8634870052337646,
0.8172065615653992,
1.5002403259277344,
-1.4957396984100342,
0.17947009205818176,
2.156338930130005,
-0.5766181945800781,
0.5976691842079163,
1.1596899032592773,
-0.567622184753418,
-2.835062026977539,
-1.9642400741577148,
0.8192566633224487,
-0.8389918804168701,
1.228161096572876,
-1.1442935466766357,
-1.1621053218841553,
2.038332939147949,
0.00232648104429245,
-0.19205257296562195,
-0.9114364385604858,
0.8675661683082581,
-0.35038432478904724,
-1.7000032663345337,
-0.6286454796791077,
-0.3793645203113556,
-1.7038953304290771,
-1.3637446165084839,
-2.479724168777466,
-2.4517691135406494,
1.8227108716964722,
-1.035986065864563,
-4.801023006439209,
-0.3588514029979706,
0.38158077001571655,
0.574152410030365,
-0.32933613657951355,
-1.6346136331558228,
-1.5738757848739624,
-2.044497013092041,
-0.4192587733268738,
-1.1408201456069946,
1.9463300704956055,
-0.2132367342710495,
2.0446741580963135,
-0.2791749835014343,
-0.3568408787250519,
3.049661874771118,
-0.05463293194770813,
1.0762712955474854,
-0.20941859483718872,
-2.0246996879577637,
0.542668879032135,
0.6839597225189209,
-1.512675404548645,
-2.7378273010253906,
-2.5471882820129395,
0.3184727728366852,
-0.7324646711349487,
2.061706066131592,
0.6764627695083618,
0.7139017581939697,
-2.046409845352173,
-0.1626911759376526,
1.8429529666900635,
0.9385977387428284,
0.3114236295223236,
0.39132651686668396,
0.794136643409729,
2.2950849533081055,
-1.5712295770645142,
0.10510802268981934,
-0.4178227484226227,
-1.455348253250122,
-0.6954529285430908,
3.0668768882751465,
2.9226903915405273,
1.4795666933059692,
-1.6458733081817627,
0.6638563275337219,
2.8780534267425537,
1.8030391931533813,
1.3972136974334717,
-1.2551822662353516,
0.015955109149217606,
-1.1305491924285889,
-1.3291159868240356,
-0.8339642286300659,
-0.09466645121574402,
0.5463725328445435,
-0.8213702440261841,
0.23147602379322052,
0.2709169089794159,
-2.7356159687042236,
-0.6240338087081909,
-2.2768163681030273,
-0.11516740918159485,
-0.3010088801383972,
-1.302276611328125,
0.42305025458335876,
-1.0431709289550781,
-0.7820085287094116,
3.06126070022583,
-0.5110636353492737,
-1.0914721488952637,
-0.3499748110771179,
3.1866066455841064,
0.7990120053291321,
-0.950150191783905,
0.08649063110351562,
2.0401763916015625,
-0.6305807828903198,
0.5150741934776306,
-0.4502663314342499,
-0.28438764810562134,
2.882361888885498,
-0.7364369034767151,
-1.6448911428451538,
1.153505802154541,
-1.416300654411316,
0.4490572512149811,
1.3494199514389038,
0.23323020339012146,
-0.39112502336502075,
-2.1902740001678467,
-0.6376442313194275,
-1.691210389137268,
2.0777268409729004,
1.1975350379943848,
-1.3422166109085083,
1.7909486293792725,
-0.9704592227935791,
0.9285363554954529,
0.7663084268569946,
0.5862957239151001,
-0.540514349937439,
-2.209033250808716,
0.035843394696712494,
-1.6405647993087769,
3.2108213901519775,
1.99757719039917,
-1.4644742012023926,
-3.7660908699035645,
-0.4721464514732361,
0.9056128263473511,
0.652533769607544,
1.4177063703536987,
-0.977460503578186,
-0.9186867475509644,
2.9730160236358643,
1.9852392673492432,
-0.7755123376846313,
-1.7124691009521484,
-1.0084177255630493,
3.0309762954711914,
1.3174917697906494,
2.4035539627075195,
0.6510905027389526,
1.7410011291503906,
1.0261907577514648,
0.7241455912590027,
-1.5699883699417114,
-0.8160407543182373,
-3.7455780506134033,
0.7918784618377686,
-2.055696487426758,
2.0518462657928467,
1.6806880235671997,
0.6944772601127625,
0.3285079300403595,
-0.33458805084228516,
-0.7301279306411743,
0.15255621075630188,
-2.7526915073394775,
1.9453495740890503,
-1.5823861360549927,
-0.8770453929901123,
0.7722411751747131,
2.6342356204986572,
-0.6658586263656616,
1.0270134210586548,
-1.4965225458145142,
-1.9826961755752563,
-0.47458502650260925,
2.3873653411865234,
-0.46249711513519287,
2.6982529163360596,
1.3377954959869385,
-2.1218783855438232,
-0.5026440620422363,
-1.1193870306015015,
-2.121271848678589,
0.4331747889518738,
-3.8067455291748047,
-0.8564561605453491,
0.748203456401825,
0.7373347282409668,
1.7630714178085327,
1.7649261951446533
] |
what is this red line on the left side of the sun? | _url_0_ | it only appears in a single frame (which are about 12 seconds apart) so best guess is that the bright spot is the impact point of a cosmic ray, these bright points are called hot pixels. as for the trail leading from it, it was a big enough or lucky enough instance that the pixel was very oversaturated and electrons from it bled down the column of pixels on readout. it could also be that the vertical orientation is coincidence and the trail is a reflection of path the cosmic ray took through the detector but such trails, while common, generally cause the detector to be overexposed across the entire length of the trail rather than just at one end. either way it is certainly an instrumental effect rather than an observation. | 15 | [] | [
"https://beta3.helioviewer.org/?date=2015-06-14T14:48:26.000Z&imageScale=2.42044088&centerX=-240.22875734000002&centerY=-99.8431863&imageLayers=%5BSDO,AIA,304,1,100%5D&eventLayers=&eventLabels=true"
] | [] | [
0.007010042667388916,
0.3579251170158386,
0.7019941806793213,
0.48630475997924805,
1.1590957641601562,
-1.1762720346450806,
-0.17025136947631836,
0.6672333478927612,
0.8054898381233215,
-1.4357634782791138,
0.723444938659668,
0.4425979256629944,
-0.07693319022655487,
-1.4204655885696411,
-0.6565133929252625,
-0.8009688854217529,
-0.12191548943519592,
0.176876500248909,
-1.4058276414871216,
0.41468846797943115,
0.41885536909103394,
-1.4815669059753418,
-0.6436649560928345,
-0.5285584926605225,
-0.7798000574111938,
0.58595871925354,
-0.002777315676212311,
-0.948255181312561,
0.4468037486076355,
-0.9758086800575256,
-0.6509463787078857,
1.00152587890625,
-1.118180274963379,
-0.49170345067977905,
-0.2599864900112152,
0.4607236385345459,
-0.3739006221294403,
0.04796645790338516,
-0.5432167053222656,
0.01300676167011261,
-0.30595874786376953,
0.41661298274993896,
1.416529655456543,
1.249328851699829,
0.9942982196807861,
1.2916213274002075,
0.619267463684082,
-0.11113038659095764,
-0.40319564938545227,
-0.3710448145866394,
-0.5442320704460144,
0.41202667355537415,
-1.0452005863189697,
-1.09971284866333,
-1.1762608289718628,
1.1025534868240356,
1.2021774053573608,
-0.8038121461868286,
0.3422608971595764,
-0.20075088739395142,
0.34870976209640503,
0.5456078052520752,
-0.3902730345726013,
-0.22518689930438995,
3.498781442642212,
-0.7117592692375183,
0.15074464678764343,
-1.9923851490020752,
0.5816024541854858,
0.7827547192573547,
0.917619526386261,
0.5080751776695251,
-0.7841829061508179,
-1.2883572578430176,
0.8367823958396912,
0.6025424599647522,
0.007516615092754364,
1.7317276000976562,
-0.7647454142570496,
-0.9055349230766296,
0.670167088508606,
-1.7000463008880615,
-0.534820020198822,
0.5254639983177185,
0.5994360446929932,
1.5535306930541992,
0.6081673502922058,
0.7552872896194458,
0.8872038125991821,
0.014060825109481812,
0.23065918684005737,
-0.5936546325683594,
-1.7076791524887085,
-0.03518885374069214,
0.2708330452442169,
0.4712413549423218,
0.23645150661468506,
-0.18004503846168518,
1.6713149547576904,
0.9391950368881226,
0.09803912043571472,
0.3741016685962677,
-2.6134417057037354,
1.3721193075180054,
0.3726392984390259,
-0.01936638355255127,
0.1229182779788971,
0.2685447633266449,
-0.36447039246559143,
-0.005775384604930878,
1.1512043476104736,
-1.7922842502593994,
1.8378102779388428,
-0.5218610763549805,
1.022962212562561,
-1.204025387763977,
0.31955552101135254,
1.5779370069503784,
-1.4349875450134277,
-1.8409287929534912,
0.21558740735054016,
-0.7543009519577026,
-0.011702701449394226,
-0.09107187390327454,
0.46696290373802185,
-0.6722603440284729,
0.6253786087036133,
1.2015990018844604,
0.2139470875263214,
-0.061169907450675964,
0.07604508101940155,
-2.138303279876709,
0.6700357794761658,
-0.2400919646024704,
-1.6756190061569214,
0.6397686004638672,
0.8257530927658081,
0.5118434429168701,
-1.2335867881774902,
0.07643525302410126,
0.4475525915622711,
0.24947360157966614,
0.8876327872276306,
-0.2211509495973587,
0.7318715453147888,
0.9368513822555542,
-1.8602303266525269,
0.798714816570282,
0.2098442167043686,
-2.0323715209960938,
-0.6948381662368774,
-1.4148313999176025,
-0.16938766837120056,
0.5158922076225281,
-0.208694189786911,
1.0216621160507202,
-1.3974614143371582,
1.46626615524292,
-0.6808476448059082,
0.1440771222114563,
-0.020706593990325928,
0.4381738603115082,
-0.2753446698188782,
0.41822734475135803,
0.5526450276374817,
0.27524471282958984,
0.1869555115699768,
-1.0330545902252197,
0.48680463433265686,
0.11949050426483154,
0.47041231393814087,
-1.5491191148757935,
0.4868966341018677,
-0.4529157876968384,
-0.8646044135093689,
-0.20555523037910461,
-3.2762527465820312,
1.1638387441635132,
0.5857717990875244,
0.3915030360221863,
0.3318478763103485,
-0.5301726460456848,
1.8076376914978027,
1.499439001083374,
-0.1963375210762024,
-0.9026324152946472,
0.3613765835762024,
0.951235294342041,
0.5045815110206604,
0.5924416780471802,
0.413741797208786,
-0.3984028697013855,
0.3977668881416321,
0.7946019172668457,
-0.48463180661201477,
0.16353200376033783,
-0.13170990347862244,
0.49077853560447693,
-0.8481783270835876,
1.0723555088043213,
-0.004177115857601166,
-2.0327935218811035,
-0.0856085866689682,
0.008085265755653381,
-1.1112613677978516,
-0.20346131920814514,
1.6642634868621826,
-0.1950986385345459,
-2.415956974029541,
0.18298737704753876,
0.3386971652507782,
-2.9484102725982666,
-1.8727751970291138,
0.3402172029018402,
0.47558751702308655,
-1.6766406297683716,
-2.4673383235931396,
-2.3175313472747803,
-0.9537415504455566,
0.7222095727920532,
-0.3422829508781433,
-1.1742126941680908,
-0.8355175256729126,
-1.4737375974655151,
-0.920960009098053,
-0.040304362773895264,
0.7959796190261841,
0.3989078998565674,
-0.8940358757972717,
1.2030143737792969,
0.8990451097488403,
0.7908742427825928,
0.7202263474464417,
2.0315232276916504,
-0.7370945811271667,
0.013628102838993073,
-2.2157907485961914,
0.06072600930929184,
0.2553504705429077,
-1.6186909675598145,
1.0032415390014648,
0.38237106800079346,
-1.4441968202590942,
0.4930579662322998,
0.5938013195991516,
-0.7674264311790466,
0.7961167097091675,
-0.831340491771698,
1.5240511894226074,
0.9374423623085022,
0.24553917348384857,
-0.3309088349342346,
-1.3385090827941895,
0.17900896072387695,
0.007201358675956726,
0.28316959738731384,
-1.0258982181549072,
-0.825503408908844,
0.289875864982605,
1.8166065216064453,
2.434748411178589,
-1.0345618724822998,
-0.1279267966747284,
-1.381070613861084,
-0.289607435464859,
2.5404577255249023,
1.4175337553024292,
0.18880194425582886,
-0.6397501230239868,
-0.31195005774497986,
0.2980809807777405,
1.4060746431350708,
-0.3673185706138611,
0.14736944437026978,
-0.11687672138214111,
0.9056862592697144,
0.7979282140731812,
1.6201105117797852,
-1.1345821619033813,
0.21363218128681183,
-1.1062119007110596,
-0.10906016826629639,
0.30818313360214233,
-0.05151636153459549,
0.2554782032966614,
-0.955361545085907,
-1.3700411319732666,
-0.4961014688014984,
2.278899908065796,
-0.14711396396160126,
0.43248599767684937,
1.733743667602539,
0.33269014954566956,
0.9051711559295654,
1.7940783500671387,
1.2099812030792236,
-0.6597400903701782,
0.28583189845085144,
-0.1698431521654129,
0.011942364275455475,
0.3719936013221741,
-0.19924184679985046,
-1.3796778917312622,
0.8320814967155457,
-1.5566576719284058,
0.04942843317985535,
0.9019356966018677,
0.890046238899231,
1.0752382278442383,
-0.7548172473907471,
-1.9810086488723755,
-1.294966220855713,
0.6061805486679077,
0.4241224229335785,
-1.6742793321609497,
1.3036763668060303,
0.2589235305786133,
0.3723474442958832,
0.2905542254447937,
0.6489624381065369,
-0.07228255271911621,
-0.45464372634887695,
-0.8670366406440735,
-0.4620114862918854,
1.1082355976104736,
-0.7620712518692017,
0.1935088187456131,
-0.08437275886535645,
-0.39909714460372925,
-0.3506893813610077,
-1.1244735717773438,
0.5472092032432556,
-0.7805174589157104,
0.37966102361679077,
1.75902259349823,
0.7480783462524414,
-0.7355905175209045,
-1.8150757551193237,
-0.9910351037979126,
0.7277852892875671,
-1.340676188468933,
-0.4923664331436157,
0.266313761472702,
0.037335850298404694,
0.8219033479690552,
0.08313195407390594,
-0.7999481558799744,
0.9143776297569275,
-0.5720913410186768,
-0.7280860543251038,
0.0185239277780056,
0.5463609099388123,
1.8474724292755127,
0.4523347318172455,
1.4119848012924194,
0.18354074656963348,
0.07011553645133972,
1.3500165939331055,
0.7019630670547485,
0.45590704679489136,
-0.32933980226516724,
-0.9825213551521301,
0.8898442387580872,
2.592508554458618,
-0.4019104540348053,
1.087286353111267,
-0.0352938175201416,
-0.7708203196525574,
-0.3584636151790619,
0.5181435346603394,
0.18727633357048035,
1.469563364982605,
-0.7583491206169128,
-1.4041900634765625,
-0.24053329229354858,
-1.434083104133606,
0.17881006002426147,
-0.39225152134895325,
-1.7330180406570435,
-0.011530686169862747,
0.08111858367919922,
1.716653823852539,
0.02318534255027771,
0.3910627067089081
] |
what's the purpose for ground rod at the electric meters for houses? | [deleted] | okay so the usual power coming out of a socket is 120vac at 10a (in north america), or about 1200 watts. if an internal wire connects to the metal casing of an appliance it charges the casing, and this charge wants a path to ground. if there were no grounding wire, then you would be the path of least resistance. to remedy this building code requires a grounding rod to be installed into the ground. this grounding rod becomes the new path of least resistance, shielding you from 120v. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power#Wye_.28Y.29",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS/NZS_3112"
] | [
-1.5723254680633545,
0.6741418838500977,
0.16514679789543152,
0.19737613201141357,
-0.44437140226364136,
-1.3339154720306396,
-0.9309666156768799,
0.630560576915741,
-1.4060677289962769,
-0.12474609911441803,
0.30948832631111145,
0.6258799433708191,
-0.026740089058876038,
0.24471987783908844,
-0.7486924529075623,
0.7410901784896851,
-0.6231384873390198,
0.05194315314292908,
0.37218937277793884,
1.019435167312622,
-0.3825485110282898,
0.6607513427734375,
-1.0642088651657104,
0.2886985242366791,
-1.2412588596343994,
-0.1887335479259491,
0.06030398607254028,
0.4927496016025543,
-0.15157482028007507,
-0.8292202353477478,
-1.0783562660217285,
-1.3288140296936035,
-0.43197953701019287,
-0.0016175825148820877,
0.27366697788238525,
-0.1840483546257019,
-0.33626478910446167,
-0.9642461538314819,
-0.582351803779602,
-0.3482256531715393,
-0.6528736352920532,
0.05212017893791199,
-0.4051772356033325,
0.6042195558547974,
0.10098841786384583,
1.129883885383606,
0.9257632493972778,
-0.0003161430358886719,
0.2963595986366272,
-1.9737935066223145,
-0.002154618501663208,
1.7220978736877441,
-0.15430399775505066,
-0.2886897623538971,
-0.6434245705604553,
-1.394389271736145,
0.819748044013977,
0.17596644163131714,
-0.44818586111068726,
-0.010707780718803406,
1.816859483718872,
-0.7989209890365601,
0.010576151311397552,
-0.07868979871273041,
0.3202328681945801,
0.10879665613174438,
0.5292361378669739,
0.31588512659072876,
-0.3441159725189209,
0.9484090805053711,
0.04421164095401764,
-0.6120216846466064,
-1.4697198867797852,
-0.050882935523986816,
1.6773170232772827,
0.9154409766197205,
-0.4526210129261017,
0.7783229351043701,
0.891064465045929,
-0.841454267501831,
-0.4309890568256378,
-0.4577255845069885,
-1.4370193481445312,
0.1670982539653778,
-0.04194216430187225,
1.016332745552063,
0.5451766848564148,
0.9348033666610718,
0.8755916953086853,
-0.6812582612037659,
0.37693339586257935,
0.5227994918823242,
-0.7760024070739746,
1.3206288814544678,
-0.24612416326999664,
0.155329629778862,
-0.09321150928735733,
-0.2482096552848816,
-1.1567076444625854,
-0.3449991047382355,
1.1390933990478516,
-0.051113560795784,
-2.168945789337158,
0.36164259910583496,
-0.2234424352645874,
1.2119945287704468,
0.22590535879135132,
0.30914175510406494,
-0.5480506420135498,
-0.7472277879714966,
1.0396699905395508,
-0.23395830392837524,
-0.13903173804283142,
-0.9765147566795349,
0.027099788188934326,
-0.5616099238395691,
0.35636579990386963,
-0.5282895565032959,
-1.0520262718200684,
-0.22018417716026306,
-0.300194650888443,
-0.6417994499206543,
-0.1728736311197281,
-0.532520592212677,
0.25172334909439087,
-1.0502712726593018,
1.1203901767730713,
0.7067028284072876,
-0.779651939868927,
0.32063478231430054,
-0.2480267584323883,
-0.9138799905776978,
0.8677836060523987,
-0.4061177372932434,
0.44258713722229004,
1.831242322921753,
0.6016175150871277,
1.28337562084198,
-0.1385776549577713,
0.430489182472229,
-0.12860067188739777,
0.9986142516136169,
0.9300541281700134,
-0.8529612421989441,
0.11746211349964142,
-0.8954139351844788,
-0.5100682377815247,
-0.6378598213195801,
0.004407405853271484,
-0.8631390929222107,
0.7077197432518005,
-0.25944244861602783,
1.0619103908538818,
0.6629617214202881,
-0.14550285041332245,
-0.10137942433357239,
-0.9991661310195923,
0.5614484548568726,
1.2435046434402466,
-0.0653756707906723,
-0.04653850942850113,
1.1457531452178955,
-0.13049086928367615,
1.1851593255996704,
0.4402145743370056,
0.20966744422912598,
-1.1959857940673828,
-0.8210182189941406,
-0.270233690738678,
-0.79265958070755,
0.46076086163520813,
-0.027337968349456787,
1.9249327182769775,
-1.505470633506775,
-0.23540811240673065,
-0.4101129174232483,
-1.3601818084716797,
1.4711124897003174,
-0.31849274039268494,
1.2383904457092285,
-0.012404069304466248,
0.4084984362125397,
1.4111013412475586,
-0.4818178117275238,
-0.30571895837783813,
1.0570257902145386,
0.9101909399032593,
0.3203681707382202,
-1.222579836845398,
0.5386940836906433,
-0.05240599066019058,
1.183873176574707,
-0.4935806691646576,
0.18446412682533264,
-0.611799955368042,
0.5866425037384033,
-1.235707402229309,
0.4731104075908661,
-0.5732593536376953,
-0.6223392486572266,
-0.6319201588630676,
0.5646586418151855,
-0.6184784173965454,
0.7147783637046814,
-0.9543845653533936,
0.4929463565349579,
1.358927607536316,
-2.1421146392822266,
-1.9665757417678833,
0.5477087497711182,
0.8992523550987244,
-0.43502670526504517,
1.1516332626342773,
-0.8345317840576172,
1.0539289712905884,
0.37801507115364075,
-0.3359481990337372,
0.617653489112854,
0.45814502239227295,
-0.07602015137672424,
0.0494135320186615,
0.7493757009506226,
1.7867004871368408,
-0.8077672719955444,
0.5722121000289917,
1.2671456336975098,
0.025326639413833618,
0.33178621530532837,
-1.0747923851013184,
-0.5258141160011292,
0.1316080391407013,
-0.3314225673675537,
0.3069531321525574,
1.122971773147583,
-0.2388700395822525,
0.589745819568634,
0.19177082180976868,
0.8302611708641052,
1.134886384010315,
-0.3501667380332947,
-0.7280505895614624,
-1.016035795211792,
-0.610029935836792,
0.3215959072113037,
1.0333470106124878,
0.7430588603019714,
0.12509259581565857,
0.12608391046524048,
1.1008185148239136,
-0.33802035450935364,
0.017963290214538574,
0.29937517642974854,
-1.0661606788635254,
1.088617205619812,
-0.20133104920387268,
1.313104271888733,
0.5080492496490479,
0.949019193649292,
-1.0406147241592407,
-0.678347647190094,
0.9336637258529663,
1.1773312091827393,
0.29197123646736145,
-1.9279212951660156,
0.7719064354896545,
0.9937418699264526,
0.7278949022293091,
0.23424074053764343,
-2.2382540702819824,
-1.5850915908813477,
0.5882085561752319,
-1.0020853281021118,
-0.8009180426597595,
0.06883922219276428,
1.8579628467559814,
-0.7672349214553833,
1.591529369354248,
1.1456553936004639,
0.10480508208274841,
1.4927027225494385,
-1.0198709964752197,
0.5226704478263855,
-0.35569533705711365,
1.1020805835723877,
1.6043264865875244,
-1.115922451019287,
-0.5851325988769531,
-1.581507682800293,
1.1075043678283691,
-0.5217987895011902,
-0.1894223392009735,
1.5066622495651245,
0.360999196767807,
-0.17083415389060974,
0.8214708566665649,
0.9993200898170471,
0.7566739320755005,
-0.5663108825683594,
-0.30462217330932617,
-0.7424951791763306,
0.7941920757293701,
-0.3112969696521759,
-0.847284197807312,
0.19493883848190308,
0.24425025284290314,
0.19972094893455505,
0.4967244863510132,
0.7661426067352295,
1.4361305236816406,
-1.650718331336975,
-1.0074235200881958,
-0.3334304392337799,
0.4485769271850586,
-0.03335844725370407,
-0.3070944845676422,
1.0786969661712646,
0.37191635370254517,
0.10794012248516083,
-1.0073744058609009,
-0.09030067920684814,
-0.15432608127593994,
1.6105598211288452,
-0.11986330896615982,
-0.5392284393310547,
-0.26917707920074463,
0.7063558101654053,
-0.24392268061637878,
-0.7350946068763733,
-0.39571836590766907,
0.15193229913711548,
0.7059496641159058,
-0.21875514090061188,
0.40565723180770874,
0.4991951584815979,
-0.12616021931171417,
0.7847449779510498,
-0.5158623456954956,
-0.9544565677642822,
-0.8310514688491821,
0.7537100911140442,
-1.486650824546814,
-0.17379644513130188,
0.38610517978668213,
0.9498963356018066,
-0.23357580602169037,
-0.9067209959030151,
0.8946999907493591,
-0.09260864555835724,
0.7829376459121704,
0.5433788299560547,
-0.9681779146194458,
-0.2641000747680664,
1.0229307413101196,
0.8086273074150085,
-0.48535025119781494,
0.39220935106277466,
-0.2739703953266144,
0.3888366222381592,
0.284981906414032,
-1.0333858728408813,
-1.0883339643478394,
-1.420547366142273,
-0.48783594369888306,
0.01865208148956299,
-0.6500350832939148,
0.5372841954231262,
-1.3935790061950684,
-0.09462744742631912,
-1.5515539646148682,
0.5651969909667969,
1.2916755676269531,
0.3217882812023163,
0.12333855032920837,
-0.5775790810585022,
0.5193773508071899,
-0.7751431465148926,
-0.7453965544700623,
-0.13034777343273163,
-1.490028977394104,
-0.46607738733291626,
-1.4625276327133179,
0.08435758203268051,
0.1892852932214737,
0.8153493404388428
] |
how could you determine where home was from abroad in the universe? | from almost anypoint anywhere on earth you could find your relative location by using stars, sun, wind, etc. what about from deep space? ex: you are for some reason on a habitable planet in another galaxy, and you'd like look towards home. double points: you are in a really far away galaxy but have a supercomputer/telescope/map device that shows you inter and extra galatic information, how do you figure out which spiral galaxy is yours? | [this](_url_0_) may answer your question. i'm sure a lot of scientists put a lot of hard thinking into it before launching it into space edit: you said universe, not galaxy. i don't think that's really feasible, because the long time needed to travel the distances would shuffle galaxies quite a bit. | 8 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque#Relative_position_of_the_Sun_to_the_center_of_the_Galaxy_and_14_pulsars"
] | [
-0.1902148425579071,
-0.18072658777236938,
0.0028115510940551758,
-0.10469198226928711,
-0.10043524205684662,
-1.6893783807754517,
-0.8149790167808533,
-0.590366542339325,
0.7959681749343872,
-0.22858591377735138,
-0.5630310773849487,
-0.07284894585609436,
-0.9642301201820374,
0.4401441216468811,
0.5501055717468262,
0.22824867069721222,
-0.8390815258026123,
-0.30477210879325867,
-1.1747945547103882,
0.691957414150238,
-0.01616281270980835,
-0.28099164366722107,
-0.24782516062259674,
-0.20287945866584778,
0.03945013880729675,
0.17267653346061707,
0.4669850468635559,
-0.32625091075897217,
-0.508351743221283,
-0.10241569578647614,
-0.5290818214416504,
1.3393800258636475,
-0.5823219418525696,
-0.08332239091396332,
-0.6479372978210449,
0.4087316691875458,
-0.3666786253452301,
-0.3306731581687927,
0.1579832136631012,
-0.17014820873737335,
-0.030728565528988838,
0.03089350461959839,
0.34699711203575134,
0.650747537612915,
-0.10879553854465485,
0.16089630126953125,
0.17348487675189972,
0.889625608921051,
-0.7725147008895874,
0.6422299146652222,
-0.48814260959625244,
-0.42871004343032837,
-0.7214977741241455,
-0.9421141147613525,
-0.4710409343242645,
0.7761713266372681,
0.42750874161720276,
-0.9914020299911499,
0.9356260895729065,
-0.6362838745117188,
-0.2190401256084442,
-0.8766558170318604,
0.17649145424365997,
0.2378784716129303,
-0.04357990622520447,
-0.45299357175827026,
0.042027831077575684,
-0.3510112464427948,
0.28250277042388916,
0.025491923093795776,
-1.0478562116622925,
-0.06870224326848984,
-0.6045573949813843,
0.4127526581287384,
1.2930808067321777,
-0.19197747111320496,
1.2332663536071777,
0.39242613315582275,
0.4576796889305115,
-0.29897961020469666,
0.05942893028259277,
-0.2290707677602768,
-0.570029616355896,
-0.3057405352592468,
0.30019599199295044,
0.3543073534965515,
0.23315446078777313,
0.09114308655261993,
-0.25747498869895935,
-0.7247996926307678,
-0.6256825923919678,
-1.2889432907104492,
0.9599326848983765,
-0.0675167590379715,
-0.7952381372451782,
1.1833549737930298,
0.17798735201358795,
-0.8083900809288025,
0.8246799111366272,
0.09322427213191986,
-0.29073137044906616,
0.15246225893497467,
-0.9455997347831726,
1.058119773864746,
-0.18275830149650574,
-0.9390360713005066,
0.4288979172706604,
0.5036241412162781,
0.3627488315105438,
0.5194093585014343,
0.6345978379249573,
0.1713508814573288,
0.8619019985198975,
-0.4514773488044739,
-0.7580082416534424,
-0.35191041231155396,
-0.9134753346443176,
0.842494547367096,
-0.8189622163772583,
0.014704659581184387,
-1.0942444801330566,
-0.5145754814147949,
1.1236615180969238,
-0.8414676189422607,
0.5881193280220032,
-0.6226282715797424,
0.17400234937667847,
0.8438197374343872,
0.5652344226837158,
-0.2807536721229553,
0.6134748458862305,
-0.08695739507675171,
0.054400742053985596,
0.0957181379199028,
0.2232777327299118,
0.12232872098684311,
0.843303918838501,
-1.2705925703048706,
-0.749512791633606,
0.7179819345474243,
0.21149232983589172,
1.040086030960083,
1.1866919994354248,
0.30354124307632446,
0.13559643924236298,
1.1202343702316284,
0.1985073983669281,
-0.5090032815933228,
0.29345396161079407,
-0.15574446320533752,
-0.08649353682994843,
-0.36624544858932495,
0.7200019359588623,
-0.24904865026474,
-0.1653267741203308,
0.3020707368850708,
0.6800447702407837,
0.4430997371673584,
-1.3700594902038574,
0.08662375807762146,
-0.5827310085296631,
0.4221703112125397,
0.4116068184375763,
0.17505906522274017,
0.394605427980423,
-0.10576210916042328,
-0.1920967996120453,
-0.32822442054748535,
0.5583366751670837,
0.9162042140960693,
-0.03820964694023132,
-0.5676789283752441,
-0.31096479296684265,
0.26406288146972656,
0.9379842281341553,
0.017786502838134766,
-0.5534489750862122,
0.2553086578845978,
-0.16700609028339386,
0.34132564067840576,
0.46489056944847107,
0.30424314737319946,
1.5140178203582764,
-0.006225667893886566,
-0.044983167201280594,
-0.403594046831131,
0.6337403059005737,
0.691591739654541,
-0.018544413149356842,
-0.3976174592971802,
0.5963443517684937,
1.2326109409332275,
0.0035445354878902435,
0.4146287143230438,
-0.09386342763900757,
0.6349855065345764,
0.13248120248317719,
-0.016101107001304626,
-0.4220385253429413,
0.2533755302429199,
-1.5613999366760254,
-0.8295941948890686,
0.11138856410980225,
-0.49821048974990845,
0.6517058610916138,
-0.42956042289733887,
-0.04667848348617554,
0.1046697199344635,
-0.148646742105484,
0.17169921100139618,
0.4419521689414978,
-1.252801775932312,
-0.8410292267799377,
0.4113159775733948,
0.3175288140773773,
0.7308151721954346,
-0.46115031838417053,
-1.638512372970581,
-0.5728046298027039,
-0.2857224941253662,
0.3363938629627228,
-0.5016722083091736,
-0.9188964366912842,
-1.2347452640533447,
-1.0687882900238037,
-1.1395039558410645,
-0.07232246547937393,
0.9098162055015564,
0.36030375957489014,
0.7955625057220459,
-0.08722124993801117,
0.9649587869644165,
-0.001795649528503418,
0.12268126010894775,
-0.6074864864349365,
0.09253449738025665,
0.9313321113586426,
-1.5597939491271973,
-0.05172776058316231,
-1.1915526390075684,
0.09699505567550659,
-0.3981058895587921,
-0.6481296420097351,
0.19470040500164032,
0.3688824772834778,
0.1738777458667755,
-0.7998183965682983,
-1.32275390625,
0.03382198140025139,
0.3436822295188904,
0.423203706741333,
-0.09838611632585526,
-0.6349804401397705,
0.8434246182441711,
-0.3836701810359955,
0.2340824455022812,
-0.7270749807357788,
-0.41183578968048096,
0.9893067479133606,
0.4978991448879242,
0.48310598731040955,
0.6248632073402405,
-0.45277121663093567,
0.33825594186782837,
-0.05179038643836975,
0.8392206430435181,
-0.15950137376785278,
0.44771626591682434,
-0.5689254403114319,
0.21097920835018158,
-0.5113638639450073,
1.0173853635787964,
0.5541715621948242,
-0.2308940887451172,
1.320802927017212,
0.6377147436141968,
0.47912025451660156,
-0.7503910064697266,
-0.7583015561103821,
-0.12449772655963898,
-0.16218672692775726,
0.4703173339366913,
0.9763489365577698,
0.14850839972496033,
-0.6753782629966736,
-0.9687713384628296,
0.17684867978096008,
-1.2187994718551636,
0.05264155566692352,
-0.4422091245651245,
0.2960980236530304,
1.3338991403579712,
-0.3731788992881775,
-0.41910243034362793,
1.5226199626922607,
-0.5431418418884277,
-0.9637150168418884,
0.3273918926715851,
1.2195616960525513,
0.37835946679115295,
0.4634856879711151,
-0.462520956993103,
-1.0124294757843018,
0.1771276891231537,
0.05651600658893585,
0.3869970142841339,
0.5695067644119263,
0.6767988204956055,
0.3801397979259491,
-0.21173402667045593,
-0.7077708840370178,
-1.5734387636184692,
-0.3203805387020111,
1.054744005203247,
-0.32751283049583435,
-0.17834961414337158,
0.503538966178894,
1.2033348083496094,
0.10993269085884094,
-0.1431586593389511,
0.5964350700378418,
0.3382594585418701,
0.5743739008903503,
0.7375223636627197,
0.16866856813430786,
0.27357152104377747,
0.1525464802980423,
1.159977674484253,
0.14405769109725952,
0.3345385789871216,
-0.11491844058036804,
0.6693665981292725,
-0.020511656999588013,
0.6969718933105469,
0.3412138819694519,
1.1396466493606567,
0.15947650372982025,
-0.39652779698371887,
-0.4045616388320923,
0.880350649356842,
-0.004047796130180359,
0.8219083547592163,
0.21919941902160645,
0.06504014879465103,
0.7234658002853394,
-0.09624092280864716,
0.0919061228632927,
0.41712409257888794,
0.5878684520721436,
-0.3856326639652252,
-1.6070611476898193,
0.13455595076084137,
-0.02519926428794861,
0.3242551386356354,
-0.8841768503189087,
-0.5150250792503357,
-0.8646738529205322,
0.5304256677627563,
1.1583924293518066,
-0.49750152230262756,
0.32393956184387207,
0.24246078729629517,
-0.5113284587860107,
1.166001319885254,
-0.9712245464324951,
0.3791911005973816,
-0.045607954263687134,
-0.2943221926689148,
-0.8664821982383728,
-0.08456742763519287,
-0.10982174426317215,
1.1476292610168457,
0.27010124921798706,
-1.5148813724517822,
0.30566084384918213,
-0.12245158851146698,
-1.1148130893707275,
-0.11287996917963028,
-0.647826611995697,
0.2811894416809082,
0.0002671778202056885,
0.13946262001991272,
0.07553405314683914,
-0.2614731788635254
] |
separation of fibres almost immediate when put into a petri dish - explain? | i'm a forensic scientist student and have been assigned to fibre identification for this 'case' we are working on. at the crime scene, we had a green-looking chair. i scraped some fibres off it and sent it back to the lab for analysis. looking at these fibres under the microscope, there was a mix of two different colours of fibres: green and yellow. i put all of the fibres into a petri dish and put the lid on. i left it for about a minute and i removed the lid in order to isolate the yellow fibres. however, somehow, the yellow fibres seemed to 'stick' to the lid, and the green fibres did not. this was able to be seen with the naked eye. i'm not sure if there is a name for this ~~magic~~ phenomenon, so i was wondering if anyone could assist? **tl;dr** green and yellow fibres places into petri dish, yellow fibres only attached to lid, resulting in complete separation; why? | sounds like an electrostatic effect. was it a plastic petri-dish? i find sometimes that fine powders can stick to the inside of plastic tubes, or fly away from my gloved hands from static. the fibres are probably made of different materials and behave differently under static. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.6159756183624268,
-0.19802871346473694,
0.07410790026187897,
0.4524383246898651,
0.20148909091949463,
-0.6626166105270386,
0.8860234022140503,
0.39992648363113403,
-0.22013115882873535,
-0.0753917247056961,
0.11525164544582367,
0.8693951368331909,
0.04314618930220604,
0.7717900276184082,
1.3303296566009521,
-0.3759075105190277,
0.441497802734375,
0.45108044147491455,
-0.4963533282279968,
1.208502173423767,
1.3909186124801636,
0.3272910714149475,
-0.2762145400047302,
-0.39798104763031006,
-0.9770177602767944,
0.6181826591491699,
-0.48840343952178955,
-0.4727771282196045,
0.27774694561958313,
-1.0514957904815674,
0.057101860642433167,
0.5648331642150879,
-0.4418709874153137,
-0.19823424518108368,
0.0136488676071167,
0.4747471213340759,
0.28706857562065125,
-0.5133010149002075,
-0.6940920352935791,
0.30811989307403564,
-0.22875593602657318,
0.07614868879318237,
-0.02426387369632721,
-0.09587320685386658,
0.7493902444839478,
0.7016443014144897,
0.31205594539642334,
-0.6944094300270081,
0.3459836542606354,
-0.6721241474151611,
-0.6569175124168396,
0.5434705018997192,
0.6624444127082825,
-0.44843971729278564,
0.34996020793914795,
-0.07356572151184082,
0.8962676525115967,
-0.784655749797821,
-0.8133341073989868,
0.28070569038391113,
0.22337543964385986,
-0.3637729287147522,
-0.2079469859600067,
0.5519350171089172,
1.449202060699463,
-0.14573615789413452,
0.6493481397628784,
-0.23850329220294952,
-0.43184125423431396,
-0.17439967393875122,
0.05499051511287689,
0.5167636275291443,
-0.17533230781555176,
0.6667087078094482,
0.15728232264518738,
-0.19834256172180176,
-0.740827202796936,
-0.3927639424800873,
0.3315088152885437,
0.478092223405838,
-0.41973331570625305,
-0.6045837998390198,
-0.5063180327415466,
-0.3609011471271515,
-0.7285664081573486,
1.4509780406951904,
0.8828102350234985,
0.4875035285949707,
-1.0551176071166992,
0.1652001589536667,
-0.5489404201507568,
0.7941464781761169,
-0.06812343001365662,
0.7272248268127441,
0.7401171922683716,
-0.45319464802742004,
0.4611501395702362,
-0.8458516001701355,
-0.09243128448724747,
0.8472460508346558,
-0.313618540763855,
0.028551310300827026,
-1.2614555358886719,
-0.2406700700521469,
-0.45596882700920105,
-1.169046401977539,
-0.27278926968574524,
-0.28627049922943115,
0.0455167293548584,
-0.13963507115840912,
-0.031182363629341125,
-0.49902790784835815,
-0.7429127097129822,
-0.4617699682712555,
-0.6476001739501953,
-0.7224176526069641,
-0.09705895185470581,
-0.3071138560771942,
-0.4157654941082001,
-0.5341835021972656,
0.3805507719516754,
0.017172932624816895,
-0.4266481399536133,
0.6389195919036865,
-0.12168064713478088,
-0.4575951397418976,
0.25825026631355286,
0.4567415714263916,
0.020536400377750397,
0.30205753445625305,
0.37394005060195923,
-0.42929887771606445,
0.012179732322692871,
0.9030792713165283,
-0.055588267743587494,
0.13993725180625916,
0.4412183165550232,
0.923816442489624,
0.329889714717865,
1.0471593141555786,
-0.018803760409355164,
0.17491191625595093,
-0.41579607129096985,
-0.8400802612304688,
0.15306004881858826,
-0.30979472398757935,
0.11764505505561829,
-0.49869483709335327,
-0.4148705005645752,
0.48337322473526,
0.5096056461334229,
-0.3855122923851013,
0.03673698380589485,
-0.01762920618057251,
-1.4855635166168213,
-0.2219240963459015,
1.0760037899017334,
0.5516995191574097,
1.2128455638885498,
0.15631040930747986,
-0.6661462187767029,
1.1691824197769165,
0.22006584703922272,
0.801064670085907,
-0.39709582924842834,
-0.4400492012500763,
-0.0626099556684494,
-1.2370039224624634,
-0.010187089443206787,
-0.12672919034957886,
0.8092737197875977,
0.5010659694671631,
0.14220348000526428,
-0.39647501707077026,
-1.214951515197754,
-0.3397456705570221,
-1.7136591672897339,
0.16309762001037598,
0.8738038539886475,
1.470311164855957,
0.2049039602279663,
0.2868662476539612,
0.44559162855148315,
0.7265244722366333,
-0.004598766565322876,
0.056271836161613464,
-0.02715495228767395,
0.1790977120399475,
-0.7348940968513489,
0.7725145816802979,
-0.9497500061988831,
-1.0460928678512573,
-0.4596768617630005,
0.4327135384082794,
-0.11344873160123825,
0.07612976431846619,
0.6915179491043091,
-0.04399217665195465,
-0.2677757143974304,
-0.26077091693878174,
-0.3822377324104309,
0.2898998558521271,
0.16794614493846893,
-0.5971213579177856,
-0.8540735840797424,
0.29271674156188965,
0.10325813293457031,
-1.1289840936660767,
-0.8261519074440002,
0.7460087537765503,
-0.5930161476135254,
-0.8299916982650757,
-0.6185941696166992,
-0.2192974090576172,
-0.5991793274879456,
0.7324472665786743,
0.023208115249872208,
0.3449234962463379,
0.09448693692684174,
-0.36415672302246094,
0.8861908912658691,
-0.8001812696456909,
-0.05068930983543396,
-0.5349898338317871,
1.0173225402832031,
-0.020915716886520386,
-0.4261494278907776,
1.7475939989089966,
-0.3925434350967407,
0.38365474343299866,
0.9808428287506104,
0.7611801028251648,
-0.42746856808662415,
0.5125200748443604,
0.12697690725326538,
0.3672662377357483,
-0.07230152189731598,
0.9053081274032593,
-0.40789148211479187,
-0.2537568509578705,
-1.0120183229446411,
-0.44206440448760986,
0.4320816695690155,
0.029896199703216553,
-0.5866551399230957,
-0.19347383081912994,
1.214993953704834,
0.004625633358955383,
0.40703919529914856,
0.9807968139648438,
-0.7997835874557495,
-0.11979013681411743,
-0.7017743587493896,
0.38143861293792725,
-0.11850479245185852,
0.42653536796569824,
-0.5422327518463135,
-0.24379763007164001,
-0.18020594120025635,
-1.053627610206604,
0.11623062193393707,
-0.6213126182556152,
0.02367962896823883,
-1.838390827178955,
0.10953681170940399,
0.4238712191581726,
0.2281970977783203,
0.8149030208587646,
-0.7024211883544922,
-0.4871765375137329,
-0.806198000907898,
-0.6918860077857971,
0.5453765392303467,
0.33272072672843933,
-0.5034121870994568,
-0.36452731490135193,
0.2416364550590515,
-1.3091211318969727,
-0.613416314125061,
0.28821128606796265,
-0.9273436665534973,
-1.4926691055297852,
0.25504449009895325,
1.7792927026748657,
0.5055098533630371,
-0.1693560779094696,
-0.5129915475845337,
-1.0395485162734985,
1.1457875967025757,
0.025061219930648804,
0.2142443060874939,
-0.15660394728183746,
0.8822911381721497,
-0.28159481287002563,
1.8487095832824707,
1.2545862197875977,
-0.03976958990097046,
0.23476827144622803,
-0.5473856329917908,
0.3879373073577881,
0.12131892144680023,
-0.9526724219322205,
-0.4031164348125458,
-0.1863187998533249,
0.6714106798171997,
0.3431709110736847,
0.21744315326213837,
0.34340062737464905,
0.391704797744751,
-0.5611966848373413,
-0.02577318251132965,
-0.3380395174026489,
-0.22454580664634705,
-0.6994770765304565,
0.45526212453842163,
0.9591419696807861,
0.700283408164978,
1.705833911895752,
0.5541207194328308,
0.17588107287883759,
-0.773781955242157,
0.25670814514160156,
0.35539036989212036,
-0.8329871892929077,
-0.08703121542930603,
-0.05837351083755493,
0.21359391510486603,
-1.010892629623413,
-0.2970874607563019,
-1.02051842212677,
-0.19169697165489197,
-0.4040178060531616,
-0.12965524196624756,
0.05254721641540527,
1.6225056648254395,
0.5283628106117249,
-0.939216673374176,
-0.6652877330780029,
-0.7915235757827759,
0.05154150724411011,
-0.4226621985435486,
-0.1193237453699112,
-0.3655250072479248,
0.6685314178466797,
-0.7256642580032349,
-0.6039625406265259,
0.1507226526737213,
0.4899752736091614,
0.06514105200767517,
-0.055644288659095764,
0.20484794676303864,
0.8348346948623657,
0.41349074244499207,
0.950005829334259,
-0.5865828990936279,
-0.20244580507278442,
0.32353249192237854,
-0.5524684190750122,
0.3225262463092804,
-0.2117927223443985,
-0.39133259654045105,
-1.208484411239624,
-0.2401135265827179,
0.5405434966087341,
-0.09463194757699966,
0.6964311599731445,
-0.022936850786209106,
0.05735909566283226,
-1.363792061805725,
1.9117140769958496,
1.2384361028671265,
0.8136960864067078,
-0.22664374113082886,
-0.07157275080680847,
0.27888548374176025,
-0.2866173982620239,
-0.570283055305481,
0.4816303849220276,
-0.9265967607498169,
1.0495586395263672,
-1.0074633359909058,
-0.07821016013622284,
1.9330791234970093,
0.8441662788391113
] |
if you break an object (snap it in half if you will), say a stick, flint, glass, etc. why can't you put it back together? | to be more clear, it seems the matter that makes up the object is held together by some sort of cohesion/attraction of the particles/molecules/elements, you somehow break this attraction by snapping the stick, when you place the pieces back together, why does the attraction not resume where it left off? | from a molecular point of view (which is perhaps on a scale you aren't interested in), systems tend to their lowest energy state. say you apply energy to a system to break a bond (perhaps applying mechanical energy and cutting a crystal apart, breaking bonds inside the lattice), the two new surfaces you have created may re-arrange themselves to a new configuration which is lower in energy than what was left after you cut it. then, if you bring the two halves together again, the surfaces are now in a (relatively) happy minimum, and may not spontaneously return to their previous state (energy would be required). | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.6063666343688965,
0.83604896068573,
1.1515493392944336,
0.7056347727775574,
-1.0136222839355469,
-1.3684617280960083,
0.2024848759174347,
0.38515010476112366,
0.3243376612663269,
0.3744933605194092,
0.4131275713443756,
0.4197523593902588,
0.5397446751594543,
0.4238434433937073,
1.9071365594863892,
0.3686439096927643,
-1.4985666275024414,
0.7520482540130615,
-2.5569698810577393,
1.6321632862091064,
1.3018884658813477,
-0.9604020714759827,
-1.2785969972610474,
-0.2549259662628174,
0.44162359833717346,
1.2475565671920776,
0.05941466987133026,
-0.03550949692726135,
0.928878664970398,
0.050937920808792114,
-1.062044382095337,
0.3441588282585144,
-0.923960268497467,
-0.9892820119857788,
0.5344715118408203,
1.4547746181488037,
-1.140184760093689,
0.10139153897762299,
-0.41965121030807495,
-0.9932213425636292,
-0.7646428942680359,
-0.053170591592788696,
0.8673823475837708,
0.014609307050704956,
-0.8219617605209351,
0.819735586643219,
1.844824194908142,
-0.8190295100212097,
-0.6916924715042114,
-2.1842854022979736,
-0.3752787709236145,
1.1840041875839233,
0.007166877388954163,
0.04926774650812149,
-0.36351022124290466,
1.3834826946258545,
0.8498167991638184,
-0.1999669373035431,
-0.87965989112854,
-0.9182997941970825,
1.353713035583496,
-0.5466497540473938,
-0.8633958101272583,
0.11229540407657623,
2.4366815090179443,
0.30409905314445496,
0.773175060749054,
0.18924713134765625,
-1.3180714845657349,
1.3545103073120117,
0.8745614290237427,
-0.8353301286697388,
-0.503095269203186,
-1.1770374774932861,
1.2252883911132812,
-0.060382090508937836,
0.7832730412483215,
0.16038987040519714,
0.14827761054039001,
0.6587269306182861,
0.014220274984836578,
-0.06504127383232117,
-0.9472301006317139,
0.14632458984851837,
-1.3153650760650635,
1.456578016281128,
1.5530385971069336,
-1.0097579956054688,
-0.07878023386001587,
0.20787134766578674,
-0.7906586527824402,
0.8717455863952637,
-0.009211575612425804,
0.5106168985366821,
-0.6928738355636597,
0.9502067565917969,
-0.4267263412475586,
-0.3428189158439636,
-0.022375047206878662,
0.68646240234375,
-0.09999053180217743,
1.3023452758789062,
-1.5934914350509644,
-0.21074169874191284,
-0.1764906644821167,
-1.1450104713439941,
-0.5782248377799988,
1.4463658332824707,
-0.2903822660446167,
0.505937397480011,
0.789982259273529,
0.15164092183113098,
0.46374332904815674,
0.6830647587776184,
-0.4402936100959778,
-0.8711990118026733,
1.0314840078353882,
0.5036416053771973,
0.2503820061683655,
-1.1080093383789062,
-0.21218855679035187,
-0.3563259243965149,
0.3066350817680359,
-0.6416711807250977,
0.8139984011650085,
-0.4406566619873047,
-0.4734008312225342,
0.5398327708244324,
0.06362712383270264,
-0.8626139163970947,
1.0574345588684082,
-0.4156379699707031,
0.4745713770389557,
0.3514023423194885,
-1.0780441761016846,
0.25667041540145874,
0.8965839743614197,
-0.5680307745933533,
-0.18944257497787476,
1.7972073554992676,
1.035543441772461,
0.6815451979637146,
0.6588179469108582,
-0.9652209877967834,
-0.1085604727268219,
0.4920189380645752,
0.4902220368385315,
-1.4187363386154175,
-0.7447360754013062,
1.1905502080917358,
0.07802567631006241,
-0.4764331579208374,
0.6480057835578918,
-1.2098283767700195,
0.8036634922027588,
-0.49083539843559265,
-1.528348684310913,
-0.17801795899868011,
0.0015227645635604858,
0.39435964822769165,
-0.1283288151025772,
0.8883956074714661,
-0.5793275833129883,
0.8105708360671997,
0.48172011971473694,
0.9184240698814392,
0.2035302221775055,
-1.8209587335586548,
0.5143676996231079,
0.06241282820701599,
0.8607699871063232,
0.06405619531869888,
0.05957619100809097,
-0.8951452970504761,
0.2986208200454712,
-0.4673890471458435,
-2.6754655838012695,
-0.8095906376838684,
0.2725541591644287,
1.26622474193573,
1.036794900894165,
-0.11816652119159698,
0.6772572994232178,
-0.8097620606422424,
1.0268301963806152,
0.35639506578445435,
0.15993666648864746,
0.9636281132698059,
-1.4234325885772705,
-0.1641431748867035,
-0.6091262102127075,
-0.23505374789237976,
-0.15868926048278809,
1.840794563293457,
-0.7469778656959534,
-0.2723977863788605,
-0.5766081213951111,
-0.653313159942627,
-1.3962829113006592,
-0.13133832812309265,
0.3181297779083252,
0.42587098479270935,
0.6347727179527283,
0.383719801902771,
-0.6071274280548096,
-1.4606930017471313,
0.16105075180530548,
-1.6713635921478271,
-0.8186888098716736,
-0.2607762813568115,
-0.8261133432388306,
-1.7083402872085571,
-0.5812289714813232,
-0.17480042576789856,
0.30446553230285645,
-0.23286189138889313,
0.06390365958213806,
-0.38995784521102905,
-2.0634210109710693,
-1.6117794513702393,
2.5194716453552246,
0.7622532248497009,
-0.4184306859970093,
-1.6720398664474487,
-0.6827071905136108,
-0.8397160172462463,
-0.5158724784851074,
0.1376044750213623,
0.9278790950775146,
-0.8442541360855103,
-0.8547755479812622,
0.2821069061756134,
-1.2866801023483276,
0.48775309324264526,
0.7187209725379944,
-0.6421964168548584,
0.8223742246627808,
0.12435059249401093,
-1.2485703229904175,
0.24308428168296814,
-0.35310792922973633,
-1.3865026235580444,
-0.5389040112495422,
0.05367143452167511,
0.3883107900619507,
2.4874215126037598,
0.019971460103988647,
1.0984299182891846,
0.1979731172323227,
0.813167154788971,
-0.0625133216381073,
0.17077457904815674,
-0.060120344161987305,
0.8033672571182251,
-1.2100406885147095,
-0.37142181396484375,
0.8377194404602051,
0.2203163206577301,
-1.1839100122451782,
-0.1402083933353424,
-0.6776585578918457,
-0.7464331984519958,
-0.914090633392334,
-0.41823941469192505,
0.5755218267440796,
0.7904165387153625,
0.4048777222633362,
1.5288532972335815,
-0.6347405910491943,
-0.6121761202812195,
0.00359373539686203,
-0.8360010385513306,
-0.574487566947937,
-0.13653242588043213,
0.9768097400665283,
-1.0510281324386597,
0.08405732363462448,
-0.9409148097038269,
0.1413211226463318,
-0.2791026830673218,
0.33655598759651184,
-0.8660842776298523,
-0.40058112144470215,
0.7627536058425903,
0.03473459184169769,
-1.6985019445419312,
0.6548724174499512,
-0.4296872615814209,
1.3830628395080566,
-0.6272035837173462,
-1.0625578165054321,
1.3452335596084595,
0.6635199189186096,
-1.0010437965393066,
0.7466398477554321,
2.1479039192199707,
0.6669409871101379,
0.8230000138282776,
0.8128786683082581,
-0.1775836944580078,
0.6399227380752563,
-0.7611116170883179,
-1.255532145500183,
0.2577383816242218,
-0.9399161338806152,
0.6540960073471069,
0.6926180124282837,
0.31628063321113586,
0.24793604016304016,
-0.8188811540603638,
0.15900784730911255,
-0.6395536065101624,
-0.05763843655586243,
0.27657338976860046,
-0.9065222144126892,
-0.07247751951217651,
1.3550927639007568,
2.3125295639038086,
0.420820027589798,
0.21147608757019043,
1.4918279647827148,
0.05976978689432144,
1.1771222352981567,
0.12676241993904114,
-0.020026683807373047,
1.0653263330459595,
1.0254249572753906,
-0.2541736960411072,
-0.07164197415113449,
-0.6844277381896973,
-0.43832656741142273,
0.9276816248893738,
1.268412470817566,
0.6403157711029053,
-0.13691425323486328,
1.1685283184051514,
-0.7904061675071716,
-0.6410938501358032,
-1.3016197681427002,
0.010081030428409576,
-0.3901977241039276,
0.4773579239845276,
-0.18691454827785492,
1.5811736583709717,
0.494637668132782,
-0.3920186758041382,
-0.2416948676109314,
-0.7904504537582397,
-0.8636547327041626,
1.169068455696106,
-0.1437777876853943,
0.18073314428329468,
2.009408473968506,
0.937612771987915,
-0.8222662210464478,
-1.2145392894744873,
0.06147036701440811,
0.3671337068080902,
-0.01943470537662506,
0.23516425490379333,
-0.6384834051132202,
-1.2783476114273071,
-0.5020347237586975,
1.4679350852966309,
-0.5419606566429138,
-0.12892696261405945,
-1.0353925228118896,
0.11868229508399963,
-0.5201364159584045,
1.9129796028137207,
1.139059066772461,
1.2728558778762817,
0.5296960473060608,
-1.8883140087127686,
0.5467180013656616,
-0.9190407395362854,
-1.084998369216919,
1.8091157674789429,
-2.0054001808166504,
0.15529313683509827,
0.11763672530651093,
0.6239804029464722,
0.7905859351158142,
-0.08382157981395721
] |
right angle circuitry | i came across [this article](_url_0_) ages ago, about right angle circuitry. any of you electrical types have thoughts on this? are the descriptions accurate? do materials to make this sort of thing exist? and could you do anything practical with it? | the "what happens" part of his descriptions are good, but the "why they happen" part isn't totally accurate. he says that it is the "a-field," that causes currents to flow. the vector potential, which he calls the a-field, is a useful mathematical construction that helps us solve problems, but is itself unobservable (outside of quantum mechanical interactions like the aharanov bohm effect, but nevermind that) in fact, the thing driving the currents is a simple electric field caused by the time varying magnetic field in the iron rings. this is less mysterious than his vector potential description (though still very cool). besides the un-necessary introduction of the vector potential, everything seems right to me. i imagine that on the practical side, the construction of magnetic circuitry like this would be expensive and inefficient, though he does raise some interesting questions at the end. | 4 | [] | [
"http://amasci.com/elect/mcoils.html"
] | [] | [
-2.4389641284942627,
-0.16215825080871582,
0.48169493675231934,
-0.42475807666778564,
-0.06199251487851143,
-1.2248831987380981,
0.6967849135398865,
0.5631682872772217,
-0.3109491765499115,
-0.7125598192214966,
-0.5798460841178894,
0.3528865873813629,
-0.31640368700027466,
0.7772395014762878,
0.8238385319709778,
0.29627829790115356,
-1.6286944150924683,
-0.6015461683273315,
-2.252779722213745,
1.1231355667114258,
0.49403730034828186,
0.32404863834381104,
-0.5803244113922119,
0.5748287439346313,
-2.5005035400390625,
0.11685929447412491,
2.2819533348083496,
-0.9551208019256592,
0.2283911556005478,
-1.1245465278625488,
-0.08190928399562836,
1.2811253070831299,
-2.176334857940674,
-0.7767870426177979,
-1.9730778932571411,
0.5490131378173828,
0.039825357496738434,
0.18490540981292725,
1.631142497062683,
0.46537497639656067,
1.1087372303009033,
-0.1580583155155182,
0.39925384521484375,
1.423385500907898,
-0.9290497303009033,
1.6809824705123901,
1.2129411697387695,
-0.5933101177215576,
0.1789650171995163,
-1.1960384845733643,
-1.611352562904358,
1.4303497076034546,
-0.5669139623641968,
-2.2113521099090576,
-0.5727120637893677,
1.8888849020004272,
1.5275267362594604,
-1.7442125082015991,
0.130694180727005,
-1.7819328308105469,
0.754949688911438,
-0.11021412163972855,
-1.1805942058563232,
1.561262845993042,
4.428883075714111,
-1.3299808502197266,
0.3095231056213379,
-0.554008424282074,
-1.0583162307739258,
2.909567356109619,
2.1446571350097656,
0.8272692561149597,
-2.2357640266418457,
0.3288798928260803,
1.7275117635726929,
0.04606124758720398,
-0.24580687284469604,
2.0172364711761475,
1.00886070728302,
0.354921817779541,
0.13971953094005585,
-1.6732786893844604,
-1.093133807182312,
-0.6927353143692017,
-0.6828811764717102,
2.6686196327209473,
0.5132569670677185,
-0.7429078221321106,
1.6599106788635254,
-0.0288672037422657,
-0.8856475949287415,
-1.2798058986663818,
-1.2957648038864136,
-0.2424117624759674,
0.7325262427330017,
2.187851667404175,
0.6795288920402527,
-0.6451433897018433,
-0.7331189513206482,
0.37382471561431885,
-2.1202163696289062,
1.7007291316986084,
-2.641010284423828,
-0.8806725144386292,
0.014020949602127075,
-1.0987249612808228,
0.5861881971359253,
-0.23000206053256989,
0.3762722909450531,
-0.740910530090332,
0.9701341390609741,
-1.3259625434875488,
0.849470853805542,
-0.7507858276367188,
-0.4281173348426819,
0.020033955574035645,
1.5408141613006592,
1.0669068098068237,
-1.5026488304138184,
-1.662473201751709,
-0.6751371026039124,
0.011678487062454224,
0.7593987584114075,
1.3371819257736206,
-0.6244747638702393,
-0.7825801372528076,
0.36671170592308044,
1.8125908374786377,
-0.2002294361591339,
-1.4305174350738525,
1.713720440864563,
-1.1089866161346436,
-0.24228203296661377,
1.8733065128326416,
-2.2195181846618652,
-0.16506075859069824,
2.4928300380706787,
0.3272620439529419,
-2.293060064315796,
1.7723453044891357,
-0.5650988817214966,
1.5649938583374023,
0.2750125527381897,
-1.8654652833938599,
0.3817862272262573,
-0.6932128071784973,
-0.1645665466785431,
-1.6637405157089233,
0.7537800073623657,
0.026414543390274048,
-1.1647459268569946,
-0.4543313980102539,
0.48794829845428467,
0.44919827580451965,
0.08068907260894775,
0.7407594919204712,
-0.7748895287513733,
0.5141075849533081,
-0.41204705834388733,
1.0009032487869263,
-0.10288957506418228,
2.4159765243530273,
1.1269919872283936,
1.0207138061523438,
-0.11443573236465454,
0.11190789192914963,
-0.9156462550163269,
-1.4014151096343994,
1.5287647247314453,
0.3362385630607605,
-1.6880090236663818,
0.8532178997993469,
0.07534851133823395,
-1.7965126037597656,
1.5463546514511108,
-1.0217167139053345,
-2.172868490219116,
-0.7515237331390381,
0.10790606588125229,
1.3480744361877441,
0.013884216547012329,
-1.213373064994812,
2.503066062927246,
0.27568745613098145,
-0.037229906767606735,
0.9039393663406372,
-0.28178638219833374,
-0.9186112880706787,
-0.69694584608078,
0.027018368244171143,
-0.11881675571203232,
0.6439393758773804,
-0.154181569814682,
1.581661581993103,
0.29114603996276855,
-1.0644378662109375,
-0.10811229795217514,
-0.03066694736480713,
-0.8930401802062988,
0.25221624970436096,
-2.668543815612793,
-1.7544912099838257,
0.8075917959213257,
-0.09241610020399094,
-1.0745350122451782,
-0.8585810661315918,
2.2782347202301025,
-0.9033979177474976,
-2.234713554382324,
-1.4257416725158691,
0.10140828788280487,
-1.86826753616333,
-0.7296183109283447,
1.1490604877471924,
-0.009295493364334106,
0.6633545160293579,
-0.9331936240196228,
-1.3755303621292114,
-0.24756789207458496,
0.1844005584716797,
0.755007803440094,
0.5361155271530151,
0.07439783960580826,
-2.3898353576660156,
-1.6284966468811035,
-1.795042872428894,
-0.1013437807559967,
2.478006601333618,
-0.09039397537708282,
0.6185743808746338,
0.03777362406253815,
-0.6223303079605103,
1.1155853271484375,
1.4887731075286865,
-0.24558128416538239,
-0.9585444927215576,
-1.2378782033920288,
0.1645667552947998,
-0.17099618911743164,
-2.5530126094818115,
-1.3529393672943115,
0.36698687076568604,
0.29900723695755005,
-0.24518786370754242,
0.5046666264533997,
1.5137745141983032,
-0.1339203119277954,
-1.89332914352417,
-0.4197646379470825,
1.1322036981582642,
-0.012930816039443016,
-1.3217421770095825,
-1.6383399963378906,
1.515869379043579,
0.6221798658370972,
-0.42607253789901733,
0.8024364709854126,
0.22671069204807281,
-1.378210425376892,
1.0205652713775635,
3.015639305114746,
-0.1398051679134369,
0.004674628376960754,
-1.8741378784179688,
0.9320790767669678,
1.8756296634674072,
1.5028337240219116,
0.340162456035614,
-0.7210754156112671,
-0.16767077147960663,
-0.12136906385421753,
0.5852043032646179,
0.1065250039100647,
-0.11403059959411621,
0.46586349606513977,
-1.3662769794464111,
0.684586226940155,
-0.8962802886962891,
-2.7303199768066406,
0.46896064281463623,
-0.531151294708252,
-1.211233377456665,
0.8392581343650818,
0.9078115224838257,
0.16654692590236664,
-1.1431950330734253,
0.7512391209602356,
-0.2506641149520874,
1.7476253509521484,
-0.5616939663887024,
-1.3725056648254395,
2.1687166690826416,
1.2115209102630615,
-0.369117796421051,
2.3165156841278076,
1.0125482082366943,
-0.7602680921554565,
-0.1630396544933319,
0.123485267162323,
1.7643837928771973,
1.4032206535339355,
-0.4741884768009186,
-0.9306762218475342,
-2.321763277053833,
0.15618279576301575,
-1.275420904159546,
0.2540586292743683,
0.7928416728973389,
0.447440505027771,
-1.1049153804779053,
-0.5651297569274902,
-2.097419023513794,
1.054755687713623,
2.583980083465576,
-1.811342477798462,
0.6979997158050537,
-0.043569475412368774,
2.2110252380371094,
0.4620106816291809,
0.07057955861091614,
0.879457950592041,
0.4276130199432373,
-0.942706823348999,
-1.2329972982406616,
0.8543195724487305,
1.443519115447998,
-0.5192731618881226,
-1.5960636138916016,
-0.06517651677131653,
2.1069273948669434,
-0.0393444299697876,
0.9763243198394775,
0.08836028724908829,
-0.013898685574531555,
1.9356176853179932,
1.9079599380493164,
-1.314321756362915,
-1.0374069213867188,
-1.1892837285995483,
0.562372624874115,
1.0341684818267822,
0.3070177137851715,
1.494528889656067,
1.2749673128128052,
1.7308058738708496,
-1.3935974836349487,
-0.05134105309844017,
0.9213273525238037,
-1.6835837364196777,
0.33148372173309326,
-1.8588521480560303,
1.8884251117706299,
2.0116689205169678,
1.9611057043075562,
0.9504711627960205,
-0.10232053697109222,
-1.5417745113372803,
1.0671786069869995,
0.8578418493270874,
-0.043020203709602356,
-0.23282957077026367,
1.6897695064544678,
-1.62912118434906,
3.255581855773926,
-0.053984448313713074,
1.4636900424957275,
-0.105051189661026,
0.18571746349334717,
-2.10233998298645,
1.3307747840881348,
-0.798887312412262,
2.1414029598236084,
0.7836089730262756,
-1.4970353841781616,
1.93441903591156,
-0.9702115058898926,
-1.2942155599594116,
0.7969961166381836,
-3.1499059200286865,
-0.7524405717849731,
0.10367162525653839,
1.3080906867980957,
0.7727036476135254,
0.5652749538421631
] |
the newest global temperatur map released by berkeley earth is terrifying to say the least. but i'm curious about what is happening in the north atlantic? | there is a record cold spot in the middle of the north atlantic, between greenland and iceland, and i am curious if it's just a result of the chaotic nature of the climate short-term, or if it has some significance. i'm from the faroe islands, so i may be biased. [link](_url_0_) to the temperatur map. | some scientists think that this cold spot is indicative of a [slowdown in the north atlantic current](_url_1_), which is one of the predicted consequences of climate change (the current slows down thanks to the melting of the greenland ice sheet which is injecting lots of fresh water into the surface - for further reading see thermohaline circulation) - however others are not convinced, and say that what we're seeing is more likely due to [interannual variation in climate cycles like the north atlantic oscillation and atlantic multidecadal oscillation](_url_0_). | 6 | [] | [
"http://rack.1.mshcdn.com/media/ZgkyMDE2LzAxLzEzL2MxL1lUREV4dHJlbWVzLjE3ZTdhLnBuZwpwCXRodW1iCTEyMDB4OTYwMD4/589ac98d/464/YTDExtremes.png"
] | [
"https://theconversation.com/the-atlantic-is-entering-a-cool-phase-that-will-change-the-worlds-weather-42497",
"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/09/30/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cold-blob-in-the-north-atlantic-ocean/"
] | [
-0.973495364189148,
0.09056949615478516,
2.2273709774017334,
1.3485157489776611,
1.2948299646377563,
0.506553053855896,
-1.537186622619629,
-0.25870126485824585,
0.2117059975862503,
0.39391446113586426,
-1.366982102394104,
-0.5794888138771057,
-0.464272141456604,
0.6674318313598633,
-0.7830201387405396,
-0.14464020729064941,
-1.5031864643096924,
-1.1203722953796387,
0.06474810838699341,
-0.2614351212978363,
0.4344961643218994,
1.2523530721664429,
-1.3301942348480225,
0.12123900651931763,
0.27497342228889465,
-0.04811149835586548,
-0.3681877851486206,
1.0688751935958862,
-0.17256352305412292,
1.123205304145813,
-0.8121519088745117,
0.6149959564208984,
-0.539276123046875,
0.13546212017536163,
1.5330325365066528,
0.040319398045539856,
0.8917360305786133,
-1.1854057312011719,
-0.8723912239074707,
1.2182899713516235,
0.3960912823677063,
-1.1110610961914062,
0.4222841262817383,
0.5324370861053467,
0.3069557249546051,
1.97683584690094,
0.12146195769309998,
0.6366790533065796,
-0.01794418692588806,
0.6335548162460327,
-0.4282733201980591,
-1.0501163005828857,
-1.2739996910095215,
0.07170936465263367,
-0.5838003158569336,
0.45853930711746216,
-1.0938421487808228,
-0.725532054901123,
0.26688119769096375,
-0.991030216217041,
1.1428083181381226,
-0.47616761922836304,
-1.3541841506958008,
0.9942017793655396,
2.6304361820220947,
0.40214866399765015,
-0.3183819651603699,
-0.19350408017635345,
-0.5747711658477783,
0.17781633138656616,
-1.073577642440796,
0.6247672438621521,
-0.4420376121997833,
-1.3528300523757935,
0.5424630641937256,
-1.5538958311080933,
-0.02576470375061035,
0.8481101989746094,
0.16766655445098877,
-0.22828716039657593,
1.0717360973358154,
0.8871733546257019,
-0.7488266229629517,
-0.6730085611343384,
-0.22549542784690857,
-0.6954455375671387,
1.447047233581543,
-0.5830957889556885,
0.8878769874572754,
-0.11608323454856873,
-0.4404976963996887,
-1.154733419418335,
0.021411940455436707,
0.0554635152220726,
-0.2836408317089081,
2.1545772552490234,
0.17968833446502686,
-0.4578250050544739,
1.4166269302368164,
0.08432736992835999,
-0.4389454126358032,
0.16563600301742554,
-1.3412044048309326,
0.43193888664245605,
-1.620017170906067,
0.13368970155715942,
1.038559079170227,
0.12878359854221344,
0.05244499072432518,
0.18577268719673157,
-0.8541940450668335,
0.332041472196579,
-0.49288466572761536,
-1.5460712909698486,
-0.9969601631164551,
-0.41287311911582947,
0.5156770348548889,
-0.18608355522155762,
-1.0009311437606812,
0.7103347778320312,
-1.1853513717651367,
-1.7661244869232178,
0.535564661026001,
1.250701665878296,
0.5834099054336548,
0.7912282347679138,
0.5128344297409058,
0.7173230648040771,
1.4785529375076294,
-1.3147536516189575,
0.6155984997749329,
0.22595632076263428,
0.297041118144989,
0.54404616355896,
-0.6744507551193237,
-1.225782871246338,
0.44136953353881836,
-1.3565260171890259,
-2.3832318782806396,
1.5397813320159912,
-0.480729341506958,
1.1796345710754395,
-0.971627950668335,
-1.1739364862442017,
1.0297317504882812,
0.5758345127105713,
-0.417216420173645,
0.4670557975769043,
-0.03963431715965271,
-1.2969419956207275,
0.21335645020008087,
-0.3365863859653473,
-0.25029081106185913,
0.15346267819404602,
-0.4378446042537689,
-0.8003531694412231,
-1.1585513353347778,
-0.1248578280210495,
1.1568511724472046,
1.4372889995574951,
-1.3779388666152954,
0.3620823919773102,
0.6287907958030701,
-0.2679080069065094,
0.9485739469528198,
0.6062796115875244,
-0.5667963027954102,
0.06635655462741852,
0.7831243276596069,
-0.4948050081729889,
-0.41425490379333496,
-0.06160137057304382,
1.8741135597229004,
-0.8032355308532715,
0.40411949157714844,
-0.41851091384887695,
-0.004235506057739258,
0.5711051821708679,
-0.4987080991268158,
0.5729398727416992,
-0.7724394202232361,
-0.037036314606666565,
1.2752081155776978,
-0.382803738117218,
0.45838961005210876,
-0.9007149934768677,
-0.4737522006034851,
0.1848018616437912,
-1.579110026359558,
0.8434730768203735,
0.9514286518096924,
-1.5151169300079346,
1.0104485750198364,
1.5403070449829102,
-0.21161513030529022,
0.24357593059539795,
-0.6637598872184753,
-0.7777436375617981,
-0.03556027263402939,
0.08918525278568268,
-0.3675527572631836,
0.4482119679450989,
-0.12170577049255371,
-0.561957597732544,
0.8746538162231445,
0.2885840833187103,
1.2305601835250854,
0.016300559043884277,
-0.38541170954704285,
-0.498441219329834,
0.6710343956947327,
-0.5616940259933472,
-1.030575156211853,
-1.1653821468353271,
0.12894219160079956,
1.4152069091796875,
0.029435187578201294,
-0.30604448914527893,
-1.343147873878479,
0.008703088387846947,
1.6916497945785522,
-1.1004576683044434,
0.7591503858566284,
-1.3706245422363281,
0.8766513466835022,
-1.025747537612915,
-1.6501266956329346,
0.44435834884643555,
-1.9950757026672363,
-0.12398964911699295,
0.8684251308441162,
1.3829114437103271,
0.07742924243211746,
0.16507962346076965,
0.17165353894233704,
-0.9461715817451477,
1.587890386581421,
0.23074644804000854,
-0.47841376066207886,
0.6974713802337646,
-0.3461204171180725,
0.11609642207622528,
-0.4736512303352356,
0.3473540246486664,
-1.4960801601409912,
-0.5897989273071289,
-1.548044204711914,
-0.5821902751922607,
-0.7406823635101318,
-0.036823153495788574,
0.373590350151062,
0.7165428400039673,
-1.5700199604034424,
-0.012752283364534378,
-0.7898882031440735,
1.72654390335083,
-0.27830713987350464,
-1.504538655281067,
-1.665346622467041,
2.404331922531128,
1.2019562721252441,
-0.36323368549346924,
-1.3978815078735352,
-0.02070191502571106,
2.4889676570892334,
0.5206290483474731,
0.7187811732292175,
-0.8484565019607544,
0.958631694316864,
0.6284107565879822,
-1.453628659248352,
-0.6726152896881104,
-0.8082091808319092,
0.5283306241035461,
2.300455331802368,
-0.5499046444892883,
0.17322225868701935,
-0.15270844101905823,
1.5883318185806274,
0.2041073441505432,
-2.0869014263153076,
-0.08100038766860962,
-0.9720732569694519,
0.040845002979040146,
-0.5262308120727539,
-0.3284938335418701,
-0.21821185946464539,
-0.3994182348251343,
1.325040340423584,
-0.8798046708106995,
0.03890877217054367,
0.2163536250591278,
1.5622485876083374,
0.9796229004859924,
1.685826063156128,
-0.5844889283180237,
-0.7331548929214478,
-0.8492841720581055,
1.5700970888137817,
-1.6485168933868408,
0.16903311014175415,
0.5567094087600708,
-1.3270362615585327,
0.6158202886581421,
-2.1909027099609375,
0.434413880109787,
0.2875177264213562,
1.1412632465362549,
1.4008394479751587,
-1.5350549221038818,
0.6044633388519287,
-1.764427661895752,
-0.6619056463241577,
1.3798116445541382,
-0.6479867100715637,
0.7430239319801331,
-2.1720266342163086,
-0.4268725514411926,
0.448496550321579,
0.008868401870131493,
0.9675807952880859,
0.8040034770965576,
-0.22782570123672485,
1.444311261177063,
0.3789719343185425,
-1.0073366165161133,
0.137917160987854,
0.23666080832481384,
-0.49447596073150635,
-0.8438921570777893,
-0.403680682182312,
1.0568650960922241,
2.1730713844299316,
-1.2405247688293457,
1.4721025228500366,
0.7883102297782898,
-0.35056212544441223,
0.17227767407894135,
-0.8074033260345459,
-0.41297483444213867,
0.6409302949905396,
1.4064329862594604,
1.3074836730957031,
0.5511091947555542,
2.203315258026123,
0.09771808981895447,
1.269910216331482,
1.6532232761383057,
-1.8508906364440918,
0.15171079337596893,
-0.7311100959777832,
0.3766025900840759,
0.026328548789024353,
-1.0264708995819092,
1.2185988426208496,
-0.3178197145462036,
-1.4885448217391968,
0.8557936549186707,
-0.9324861168861389,
-1.0527431964874268,
-0.7728497982025146,
2.0898075103759766,
0.027455896139144897,
1.8669309616088867,
-0.22581416368484497,
1.3030215501785278,
-0.8275490999221802,
1.3687732219696045,
0.7362349629402161,
-0.07269281148910522,
-0.7249420881271362,
1.0348749160766602,
0.42001810669898987,
0.913148045539856,
-0.20714816451072693,
-0.7704710960388184,
0.18290814757347107,
-0.06793460249900818,
0.1493445485830307,
0.9619174003601074,
-1.2334564924240112,
-0.19447487592697144,
-1.5208855867385864,
0.49802476167678833
] |
what animals have an amygdala? | what animals have an amygdala in their brain? all of them? if so which have a larger one? all i could find online was that vertebrates that developed more have a more advanced one. | all vertebrates have roughly the same set of cortical organs, and many vertebrate brain structures have homologs in invertebrates. the harder part of answering your question is what you mean by "larger." this gets into very complicated comparative anatomy. do you mean "has more cells," "has more mass," "has more connections," "has more influence on brain processing?" or something else? for most animals the answer will be "we don't know," good comparative brain anatomy between species is rare, and has been completed for very few species. | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.4039938747882843,
0.09772075712680817,
0.8382402658462524,
0.030791670083999634,
-1.0621784925460815,
-2.2710111141204834,
-0.4003725051879883,
0.4101552367210388,
2.319730043411255,
0.022692721337080002,
1.358884334564209,
-0.9219443798065186,
-0.24591226875782013,
0.23954641819000244,
-0.05666595697402954,
0.010278258472681046,
0.22646158933639526,
-0.7171688079833984,
-1.6672871112823486,
1.2098300457000732,
-0.43241503834724426,
1.4958771467208862,
0.0904475599527359,
0.45396384596824646,
-0.6341555118560791,
-1.1399734020233154,
-1.683111310005188,
0.10048544406890869,
-0.0070585161447525024,
-0.27363279461860657,
-0.586618959903717,
1.2575932741165161,
1.5064828395843506,
-0.3506700396537781,
-0.8660075068473816,
-0.3658496141433716,
-0.9386769533157349,
0.6435171365737915,
0.4726552963256836,
1.0591590404510498,
-0.8748202323913574,
0.01565566658973694,
-0.29129084944725037,
1.4199421405792236,
-0.6454507112503052,
1.5589101314544678,
-1.3375271558761597,
-0.06418978422880173,
-0.5873885750770569,
-0.5354456305503845,
-1.1070846319198608,
-0.4981878697872162,
-2.5744011402130127,
1.4424258470535278,
0.10400617122650146,
-0.15934157371520996,
-2.1167123317718506,
-0.615942120552063,
-0.0244094580411911,
-0.3407878577709198,
0.5483315587043762,
0.4400714337825775,
0.2505677342414856,
0.9570361375808716,
1.5455389022827148,
-0.7543843984603882,
-0.35095715522766113,
0.6021649837493896,
-0.7096301317214966,
2.239342212677002,
1.514988899230957,
0.13859021663665771,
0.20604538917541504,
1.6418681144714355,
-0.29345929622650146,
0.028517961502075195,
0.4934241771697998,
0.14324435591697693,
0.8898465037345886,
-0.411092072725296,
-0.7536200284957886,
0.27424997091293335,
-1.0469059944152832,
0.03905266523361206,
0.48909223079681396,
0.03374326229095459,
-0.2588818073272705,
0.0384976863861084,
-2.5175633430480957,
-0.06831446290016174,
-0.5649601221084595,
-0.8009818196296692,
-0.7100298404693604,
0.7461872100830078,
-0.6455798149108887,
0.6718529462814331,
0.6747575998306274,
-0.7025952935218811,
0.21362721920013428,
0.2184629887342453,
-0.8709219098091125,
2.228858470916748,
0.6966860294342041,
-0.08877598494291306,
-0.6175603866577148,
-1.4516758918762207,
-1.4168379306793213,
0.22538332641124725,
0.5779303908348083,
1.1235541105270386,
-0.7987076044082642,
-0.5170871019363403,
0.44787874817848206,
-0.2556843161582947,
-0.13373461365699768,
-1.9727859497070312,
-0.3925290107727051,
0.08788413554430008,
0.20679862797260284,
-0.9582818746566772,
-1.089572548866272,
-1.3471218347549438,
-0.06106552481651306,
-0.316228449344635,
2.0408716201782227,
0.210129976272583,
-1.079984426498413,
-0.10892783105373383,
1.3989758491516113,
-0.9988943934440613,
0.7000045776367188,
-0.25504669547080994,
-0.13780055940151215,
0.5854076743125916,
-1.0383087396621704,
0.3734355568885803,
0.4543152451515198,
-0.27804049849510193,
-1.4188423156738281,
0.893364667892456,
1.7715100049972534,
1.0070838928222656,
0.21875134110450745,
-0.6773102283477783,
-0.4058917164802551,
1.3280916213989258,
-0.20631876587867737,
-1.8736045360565186,
-0.784627377986908,
1.0768966674804688,
-0.884314775466919,
-0.6203590035438538,
0.5605427026748657,
-1.4426207542419434,
-1.021724820137024,
-1.5799496173858643,
-0.4545860290527344,
0.1756322681903839,
-0.41133812069892883,
0.09472040832042694,
-0.3903599977493286,
0.4235382676124573,
-0.6086556911468506,
0.9428629875183105,
1.2319279909133911,
-0.5876994132995605,
0.05107352137565613,
-0.9976603388786316,
1.6228808164596558,
0.38762617111206055,
0.06507200002670288,
-0.5860390663146973,
0.7625134587287903,
0.4951598048210144,
0.20536497235298157,
-0.5630817413330078,
-1.7971458435058594,
-0.7427716851234436,
0.9193560481071472,
1.0108489990234375,
1.002321720123291,
-0.18527881801128387,
1.1469578742980957,
1.1760764122009277,
-0.5777145028114319,
-0.5528903007507324,
-0.07783901691436768,
1.8342039585113525,
-0.5081220865249634,
0.12137061357498169,
0.041484713554382324,
0.3068414330482483,
1.9031691551208496,
0.2815791964530945,
-1.1812539100646973,
0.018386930227279663,
0.4462488293647766,
0.5696003437042236,
0.12787595391273499,
-0.8982473015785217,
-1.5332555770874023,
-0.1610392928123474,
0.17882198095321655,
0.3526794910430908,
0.04442897439002991,
-0.38140058517456055,
0.3507148027420044,
-0.5513414144515991,
-1.2078453302383423,
1.0840376615524292,
-1.7554988861083984,
-0.36295637488365173,
-1.4426581859588623,
1.0970720052719116,
1.4336967468261719,
1.1430522203445435,
0.90804123878479,
-0.052646830677986145,
-0.619777262210846,
-1.1281858682632446,
-0.5588125586509705,
-1.579180121421814,
-0.3631328344345093,
-1.1256756782531738,
-2.424501895904541,
-1.5148630142211914,
-1.095608115196228,
0.554774820804596,
-0.08645687997341156,
0.4150674343109131,
0.6509562730789185,
-0.010159231722354889,
-0.1912965625524521,
-1.7897179126739502,
1.3223481178283691,
0.4506506025791168,
1.2184749841690063,
-0.3268934488296509,
0.5004853010177612,
-0.09645193815231323,
-1.9115824699401855,
-0.18105974793434143,
-0.806942880153656,
0.9478741884231567,
0.17168211936950684,
1.3563032150268555,
-0.7722791433334351,
0.1110912561416626,
-0.19666330516338348,
1.340859293937683,
-1.4807989597320557,
0.6563633680343628,
-0.8520871996879578,
-0.4136408865451813,
0.21007901430130005,
-1.019162654876709,
-0.39601027965545654,
0.4906614422798157,
0.07578178495168686,
0.24829018115997314,
0.359254390001297,
-0.5255452394485474,
0.6419336795806885,
-1.2470849752426147,
-0.14417225122451782,
0.24061977863311768,
0.5678037405014038,
1.227670669555664,
0.3880886137485504,
-0.11494402587413788,
-0.39353740215301514,
-0.21441413462162018,
1.3322950601577759,
-0.8663421869277954,
0.7137776017189026,
1.011053442955017,
-0.15241804718971252,
-0.6454439163208008,
-0.1869719922542572,
-1.2425179481506348,
-0.4573659598827362,
-1.6795872449874878,
0.8537055253982544,
0.33162689208984375,
0.9702973961830139,
-1.208000659942627,
-0.20465995371341705,
-0.3831251859664917,
0.2031444013118744,
0.6457492113113403,
0.9598159790039062,
1.3335785865783691,
-0.29238995909690857,
-0.24372801184654236,
1.1528644561767578,
1.018186092376709,
-1.0815801620483398,
-0.44766974449157715,
0.6367241740226746,
1.135001540184021,
-0.12026330828666687,
-1.593198537826538,
-0.30293217301368713,
0.8938767313957214,
-0.7583819627761841,
0.4630347490310669,
0.5309785008430481,
-0.22804729640483856,
0.4147834777832031,
-0.9237142205238342,
-1.214576005935669,
0.32695549726486206,
0.4147210121154785,
0.831826388835907,
0.1114446222782135,
-0.2242746651172638,
0.33214735984802246,
0.3521377444267273,
0.13068771362304688,
0.4857562184333801,
1.8042428493499756,
-0.2977622449398041,
0.365701287984848,
0.01914215087890625,
1.3354061841964722,
-0.835658609867096,
0.0863000750541687,
0.8877076506614685,
-1.1379303932189941,
0.6481436491012573,
0.31214621663093567,
0.7869427800178528,
-0.30449092388153076,
-0.21714332699775696,
1.8886852264404297,
0.36131471395492554,
-0.07653892785310745,
-0.45551520586013794,
-1.1338976621627808,
0.2533183693885803,
-1.063579797744751,
0.5411103963851929,
0.42716261744499207,
0.5385317802429199,
1.1420254707336426,
0.0658562034368515,
-0.12670543789863586,
1.2621312141418457,
-2.0952446460723877,
-0.5227316617965698,
0.3502247929573059,
2.299523115158081,
-0.5813491344451904,
-0.2690217196941376,
2.7063252925872803,
-1.0520529747009277,
-0.47364431619644165,
0.10115262866020203,
0.27955344319343567,
-0.9636789560317993,
0.9194160103797913,
-0.3867613673210144,
0.5245318412780762,
2.644949436187744,
-0.5036249756813049,
0.21631795167922974,
-0.7123396992683411,
0.6923085451126099,
0.7650769948959351,
-0.3391018509864807,
0.3808481693267822,
0.3709881603717804,
0.7367527484893799,
-1.2210127115249634,
-1.2039892673492432,
0.5038109421730042,
-1.020416021347046,
0.5761147141456604,
-1.4314236640930176,
1.1013933420181274,
1.527904748916626,
0.47395235300064087,
2.5331437587738037,
-0.467528373003006
] |
has anyone studied the sociology of reddit? | are there any in-depth papers about the sociology of a site like reddit? what i mean is that it seems like reddit can correlate directly to how humans interract in the real world. for instance, you have a few moderators (leaders) who control a vast majority of people at will (the users) and control their own domain (subreddits) with how they see fit. sometimes you have good, benevolent moderators who truly help improve everyone's situation in their sub. then you have moderators who actively seek to control every single subscriber and lose site of what their true purpose is - to serve the community. i could be way off of course, i'm no scientist. that's why if anyone smarter than me has written something, i'd be interested in reading it. | noah springer, phd submitted his dissertation on reddit here: _url_1_ you can view a summary of what this is in his ama post here: _url_0_ i'm a little disheartened that not much attention was paid to this, but oh well. | 9 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/3yaq2h/i_am_noah_j_springer_phd_and_i_recently_published/",
"http://noahspringer.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Springer_Reddit_Dissertation.pdf"
] | [
-0.2255714237689972,
0.09566080570220947,
0.052503686398267746,
-0.24879561364650726,
-0.029633350670337677,
0.05866566300392151,
0.5522182583808899,
0.2015984058380127,
0.18668115139007568,
-0.30162549018859863,
0.606316328048706,
-0.031050536781549454,
0.14246082305908203,
0.2520847022533417,
-0.2682549059391022,
-0.18332882225513458,
0.14109766483306885,
-0.3761501908302307,
-0.7796673774719238,
0.04101987183094025,
0.3326297700405121,
0.43746745586395264,
0.19907715916633606,
-0.11384708434343338,
0.27367517352104187,
-0.2838326096534729,
-0.49807029962539673,
0.06779682636260986,
-0.39925193786621094,
-0.41992661356925964,
0.26293641328811646,
0.19675816595554352,
-0.3128872513771057,
0.0019326210021972656,
0.34507662057876587,
0.3408520221710205,
0.11770583689212799,
0.18395662307739258,
0.18849581480026245,
0.27035269141197205,
0.04482828080654144,
-0.5487573146820068,
-0.18002808094024658,
0.37615543603897095,
0.07440607249736786,
-0.3237867057323456,
0.15194803476333618,
-0.1589123159646988,
0.3407338857650757,
0.0683441162109375,
-0.6064771413803101,
0.14981934428215027,
-0.5130990743637085,
-0.18910333514213562,
0.4377020001411438,
-0.16975541412830353,
-0.35484233498573303,
-0.009041844867169857,
-0.03848534822463989,
-0.2813556492328644,
-0.10891984403133392,
-0.08044708520174026,
-0.3363475203514099,
0.6311448216438293,
0.8124792575836182,
-0.0023491233587265015,
0.01670996844768524,
-0.19230370223522186,
-0.2851806879043579,
0.1857668161392212,
-0.13813571631908417,
0.20876367390155792,
-0.6393229961395264,
0.48648422956466675,
0.0226718932390213,
-0.393481582403183,
-0.6548133492469788,
0.34662482142448425,
-0.3448771834373474,
-0.6968234777450562,
0.10970769077539444,
0.3417295515537262,
-0.233225017786026,
0.4276406764984131,
-0.3556777238845825,
-0.10176229476928711,
0.3561697006225586,
-0.18219086527824402,
-0.08372676372528076,
-0.1463516354560852,
-0.4030083417892456,
-0.4938766360282898,
0.030856430530548096,
0.14579147100448608,
0.033526256680488586,
-0.373901903629303,
-0.19678620994091034,
-0.397288054227829,
-0.6376582980155945,
0.31791451573371887,
-0.24843961000442505,
0.07703277468681335,
-0.3683130443096161,
-0.5394231081008911,
-0.15691888332366943,
-0.0989370048046112,
0.07543209940195084,
0.4633626937866211,
-0.13174207508563995,
0.3009454309940338,
-0.38922929763793945,
-0.6095653176307678,
-0.2412940114736557,
0.0012216484174132347,
0.13368237018585205,
0.10056915879249573,
0.5998193621635437,
-0.5733699798583984,
-0.10878454148769379,
0.24929359555244446,
0.57115238904953,
0.04721984267234802,
0.189856618642807,
0.7604947090148926,
-0.4889233708381653,
-0.2937518358230591,
0.8923848867416382,
0.41026610136032104,
-0.2503625452518463,
0.367728054523468,
0.20082202553749084,
-0.20408780872821808,
-0.09767881035804749,
0.28130286931991577,
-0.13004985451698303,
0.1646880805492401,
0.17353281378746033,
-0.7213530540466309,
0.11971982568502426,
0.36367255449295044,
0.38846611976623535,
0.5513800978660583,
-0.9516674876213074,
0.22494487464427948,
-0.2920854389667511,
0.6946629881858826,
0.14777249097824097,
-0.10998779535293579,
0.11055438220500946,
0.20119327306747437,
0.24518394470214844,
-0.16726994514465332,
-0.056474629789590836,
-0.04066430777311325,
-0.43160393834114075,
-0.32542306184768677,
0.48251578211784363,
0.5701135396957397,
0.2371024489402771,
0.24999326467514038,
0.14783185720443726,
-0.14135880768299103,
0.22286489605903625,
0.7407053709030151,
0.14544528722763062,
-0.35739219188690186,
-0.12472362816333771,
0.3536813259124756,
-0.1436140537261963,
0.31031644344329834,
0.4204883575439453,
-0.13142216205596924,
-0.2726083993911743,
0.13590428233146667,
0.5659219622612,
-0.2876078486442566,
0.24945038557052612,
0.48770850896835327,
-0.022729014977812767,
0.29476338624954224,
0.2362438291311264,
-0.28846845030784607,
0.0007016360759735107,
0.1890583634376526,
-0.7368651628494263,
0.22807258367538452,
-0.4344019889831543,
0.4179252088069916,
0.16892756521701813,
0.12759125232696533,
-1.0448691844940186,
-0.22262462973594666,
-0.5311317443847656,
-0.009057775139808655,
0.09854099154472351,
0.18811316788196564,
0.5394036769866943,
-0.1830817312002182,
-0.362215518951416,
0.09815420210361481,
0.0991668626666069,
-0.07313446700572968,
-0.16092485189437866,
-0.1732666939496994,
-0.2611008882522583,
-0.3972979784011841,
0.361636221408844,
-0.08123552054166794,
0.09048262238502502,
-0.4096904695034027,
0.32072532176971436,
-0.5252070426940918,
-0.8242827653884888,
-0.3177451491355896,
0.603447437286377,
0.37144964933395386,
-0.6075257658958435,
0.3728897273540497,
0.19907693564891815,
0.32116544246673584,
-0.48959821462631226,
-0.3700518012046814,
0.09697374701499939,
-0.6577118635177612,
-0.5218400359153748,
-0.07458765804767609,
-0.7974398732185364,
0.36374032497406006,
-0.31448304653167725,
0.505224347114563,
0.35881635546684265,
0.5414203405380249,
0.4673454761505127,
0.34315910935401917,
-0.14386051893234253,
-0.14384764432907104,
0.3111513555049896,
-0.5200527310371399,
-0.1285988986492157,
-0.472572922706604,
-0.10595449060201645,
-0.3453546166419983,
-0.5838937759399414,
0.47456663846969604,
-0.4758547842502594,
0.8260232210159302,
0.39382031559944153,
0.20064958930015564,
-0.04426443576812744,
0.8065384030342102,
0.5110913515090942,
0.15247707068920135,
-0.6589381694793701,
-0.0766584649682045,
0.2018417865037918,
0.5837569236755371,
-0.5989764928817749,
-0.06269930303096771,
0.22093331813812256,
0.7530835866928101,
-0.0334489643573761,
-0.07109756767749786,
0.21748784184455872,
0.19552361965179443,
0.2573258876800537,
-0.13944436609745026,
0.23686420917510986,
0.033804088830947876,
-0.20869113504886627,
-0.14271005988121033,
-0.6762080192565918,
-0.2803199887275696,
0.6358785629272461,
-0.12326358258724213,
-0.2495044618844986,
0.4513142704963684,
0.5001809597015381,
-0.2624231278896332,
0.05215786024928093,
-0.08519943058490753,
-0.28002840280532837,
0.012793071568012238,
0.22140029072761536,
-0.09098657965660095,
-0.6455461978912354,
-0.45573776960372925,
0.01903355121612549,
-0.4348275065422058,
0.12310537695884705,
-0.6428921222686768,
-0.2860807478427887,
0.22096329927444458,
-0.1571754515171051,
0.2505947947502136,
0.27339279651641846,
-0.028252333402633667,
-0.10240693390369415,
-0.652011513710022,
0.2587321400642395,
0.370933473110199,
-0.051791854202747345,
0.21331897377967834,
-0.375432550907135,
0.11805661767721176,
-0.08440393209457397,
0.19617754220962524,
-0.3512222170829773,
-0.24031385779380798,
0.8627606630325317,
-0.014364421367645264,
0.045460283756256104,
-0.16810789704322815,
0.005018897354602814,
0.45554351806640625,
0.05969613045454025,
-0.018543601036071777,
-0.872511088848114,
-0.08730730414390564,
-0.047091782093048096,
0.04551364481449127,
0.41656675934791565,
0.09153804183006287,
-0.15551988780498505,
0.33977726101875305,
0.369903564453125,
0.5832604169845581,
-0.34184107184410095,
0.3329838216304779,
-0.6404122114181519,
0.4472798705101013,
-0.34732386469841003,
0.32248103618621826,
-0.058937590569257736,
-0.34424149990081787,
-0.2745254635810852,
-0.00903416983783245,
-0.48515912890434265,
-0.1288701891899109,
-0.30466267466545105,
0.02116524428129196,
0.7655837535858154,
0.17454613745212555,
-0.5988774299621582,
-0.5058621764183044,
0.005612585693597794,
0.019140928983688354,
0.4306735098361969,
0.33401253819465637,
-0.5982900261878967,
-0.2849375009536743,
0.3424367904663086,
0.6889681220054626,
-0.38494133949279785,
-0.20286542177200317,
0.40317386388778687,
0.17242783308029175,
0.4593980610370636,
0.16669966280460358,
0.1239195242524147,
0.3930891156196594,
0.47304946184158325,
-0.009916320443153381,
0.15444448590278625,
0.8858968615531921,
-0.026389462873339653,
0.7031691074371338,
-0.21501003205776215,
0.053871866315603256,
0.30571216344833374,
-0.39879661798477173,
-0.4582333266735077,
0.018153421580791473,
0.03159788250923157,
0.03370668366551399,
0.2549072504043579,
-0.8789527416229248,
0.23929405212402344,
-0.28192010521888733,
-0.2681547999382019,
0.5071391463279724,
0.5444038510322571,
0.5227588415145874,
0.11241838335990906,
0.06729413568973541
] |
if my hand is immobilized for an extended period of time, will the creases in my knuckles and palm go away? | i just randomly wondered this and couldn't find anything with a google search. | palm prints, just like fingerprints, are formed during fetal development, thus remaining unchanging over your lifetime. in fact, they're unique enough to be a tool in individualization as well. besides the fetal environment, there is also a genetic basis in the development of palm prints. for example, a [single palmar crease](_url_0_) is a symptom of down's syndrome. unfortunately i don't know about creases in your knuckles. | 12 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_transverse_palmar_crease"
] | [
-1.1945314407348633,
-0.5149086117744446,
0.2615593671798706,
-0.5931910276412964,
0.31437578797340393,
-0.12817434966564178,
0.13552537560462952,
1.0658867359161377,
1.114532232284546,
-0.3320920169353485,
1.3423186540603638,
0.4604099690914154,
-0.6020889282226562,
1.061364769935608,
0.018428854644298553,
-0.2502330541610718,
-2.0246329307556152,
-0.1738712042570114,
-0.9046995639801025,
0.6813451051712036,
-0.5041559338569641,
1.2145198583602905,
1.0830078125,
-1.1110894680023193,
-1.9769548177719116,
1.3752529621124268,
-0.027880609035491943,
0.17635995149612427,
-0.28942134976387024,
-0.5686507225036621,
-0.7112547159194946,
2.2352466583251953,
0.6676784157752991,
-0.2687861919403076,
0.9849662780761719,
-0.27420374751091003,
-0.70644611120224,
1.136078953742981,
1.1532504558563232,
-0.30382975935935974,
0.7733277082443237,
-1.2547842264175415,
0.24210284650325775,
0.8731627464294434,
0.3259880542755127,
1.2069437503814697,
-0.039494097232818604,
0.8657638430595398,
-0.10858702659606934,
0.6332888007164001,
0.9419474601745605,
-1.1369273662567139,
-0.44241422414779663,
0.37673425674438477,
0.05959884449839592,
0.49143821001052856,
-0.3508177399635315,
-0.9206965565681458,
0.7599957585334778,
1.4253664016723633,
-0.833237886428833,
0.7137143611907959,
-1.3521922826766968,
0.9413903951644897,
2.03397274017334,
-0.8161879777908325,
0.8575338125228882,
-0.9628869295120239,
0.5536954998970032,
1.4903324842453003,
1.3010249137878418,
0.07152059674263,
0.6550042629241943,
1.141955852508545,
-0.19549976289272308,
0.24401041865348816,
-0.2648189663887024,
0.3565801978111267,
-1.0805613994598389,
-0.5887926816940308,
-1.281295895576477,
1.0984277725219727,
0.7827726602554321,
0.17849040031433105,
-0.4021151065826416,
0.8339138031005859,
0.8679183721542358,
0.3344351053237915,
-1.9099695682525635,
1.26396644115448,
-1.6361488103866577,
-1.2851026058197021,
0.4961816370487213,
-0.19859276711940765,
-0.4426807165145874,
0.6924834251403809,
0.46050453186035156,
-1.026077151298523,
-1.385979175567627,
-0.18633539974689484,
-0.7435058951377869,
-0.39025813341140747,
-0.06962330639362335,
0.32755231857299805,
0.15932661294937134,
-0.47330227494239807,
-1.2994682788848877,
-1.6837791204452515,
-1.6037242412567139,
0.6175539493560791,
-0.18385154008865356,
-0.5172416567802429,
0.7311736941337585,
0.5547447800636292,
-0.33140116930007935,
-1.4002625942230225,
-1.014404535293579,
-0.8169702291488647,
-0.23829475045204163,
0.8231996893882751,
-0.9033341407775879,
-0.6337020397186279,
-1.1784958839416504,
-0.48272597789764404,
-0.06432861089706421,
-0.5802468061447144,
-1.2217655181884766,
1.2432210445404053,
0.7972620129585266,
1.4992539882659912,
0.09307640790939331,
-0.12430895864963531,
0.22028174996376038,
-0.09366494417190552,
-0.535001277923584,
0.09839284420013428,
-0.14093172550201416,
0.1839372217655182,
-0.033907294273376465,
0.21421879529953003,
0.3238578736782074,
-0.33001241087913513,
-0.1405056267976761,
1.4594228267669678,
0.15119972825050354,
0.7455827593803406,
-0.35726264119148254,
-0.3599608540534973,
-0.6250760555267334,
0.43706992268562317,
-0.9171299934387207,
-1.6629586219787598,
0.27194055914878845,
0.9377157092094421,
-0.6657960414886475,
-0.8221500515937805,
0.6726293563842773,
0.10232479870319366,
0.18069003522396088,
1.0760716199874878,
0.12460261583328247,
0.06138923764228821,
-0.2613278031349182,
1.3828098773956299,
0.88246750831604,
-1.2404662370681763,
0.24888862669467926,
-0.5162383317947388,
0.423059344291687,
-0.4470197260379791,
0.9066200256347656,
0.37362435460090637,
0.766991376876831,
-0.5050504207611084,
-0.5594381093978882,
-0.7361308932304382,
-1.2301043272018433,
-0.4520505964756012,
0.07100576162338257,
1.2165124416351318,
0.30952033400535583,
0.06504231691360474,
-0.4729275405406952,
-0.014645874500274658,
-0.5563234686851501,
-1.1717472076416016,
-1.5407817363739014,
0.01894405484199524,
0.5318669676780701,
-0.30431634187698364,
-1.2794525623321533,
-0.36358407139778137,
0.08475801348686218,
-0.5667736530303955,
-0.459504634141922,
-0.2663472890853882,
-0.005958527326583862,
0.059361398220062256,
0.21811333298683167,
-0.751305878162384,
-0.17777998745441437,
0.29734599590301514,
-1.4043912887573242,
-1.3875045776367188,
1.1762473583221436,
0.7325567603111267,
-0.4585650861263275,
0.46287062764167786,
-0.4362352192401886,
1.6374669075012207,
0.08003729581832886,
-0.9559957981109619,
-0.531861424446106,
-0.844700038433075,
-0.1280856877565384,
0.7142027020454407,
-1.4535387754440308,
0.7374426126480103,
-0.1908835470676422,
-0.6381291151046753,
-0.5566996335983276,
-1.1195036172866821,
-1.0258281230926514,
-0.8573187589645386,
-1.7744189500808716,
-0.1448967605829239,
0.04468795657157898,
0.04447692632675171,
-0.5846787691116333,
0.7561202049255371,
0.6416165828704834,
1.5980198383331299,
-0.9869541525840759,
0.14839783310890198,
-1.3570082187652588,
0.5800317525863647,
-0.16742391884326935,
-1.211381196975708,
-0.3437854051589966,
0.47207310795783997,
-0.7483644485473633,
1.7186365127563477,
0.6344512701034546,
-0.10523149371147156,
0.2605854868888855,
0.6202471852302551,
1.058047890663147,
1.3971071243286133,
0.47211405634880066,
0.12850147485733032,
-0.4608059823513031,
0.3124558925628662,
-0.9115807414054871,
1.184478521347046,
-0.0186883807182312,
-0.6761782169342041,
-1.672961711883545,
0.0981331467628479,
-0.44836461544036865,
-1.1021682024002075,
-0.8337567448616028,
-1.2377166748046875,
-0.455543577671051,
-0.9815709590911865,
0.32254400849342346,
0.44121360778808594,
0.4622189700603485,
0.7589117884635925,
-0.4144529104232788,
-0.7563811540603638,
-0.7089641094207764,
1.4919941425323486,
2.044971466064453,
0.7330728769302368,
0.1098654493689537,
-0.11567479372024536,
-0.6397732496261597,
-0.904270350933075,
-0.3764593005180359,
0.20089374482631683,
0.3761293292045593,
-2.5872371196746826,
0.17480342090129852,
0.8440476655960083,
-0.010393261909484863,
0.03356102108955383,
-0.7371401190757751,
-0.5561730265617371,
1.1184296607971191,
-0.7608366012573242,
0.01952207088470459,
0.4235915541648865,
0.3961935043334961,
-0.28481853008270264,
0.9062376022338867,
1.432865858078003,
-0.6677968502044678,
-0.044313669204711914,
0.03645344078540802,
0.5653924942016602,
-0.055047377943992615,
-0.9500327110290527,
-1.506272315979004,
-0.7957135438919067,
-0.7686100006103516,
-0.21992558240890503,
-0.5024058818817139,
2.24760103225708,
0.5482646226882935,
-0.4957258403301239,
-0.28845953941345215,
-0.11859416961669922,
0.27154332399368286,
-0.0221080482006073,
0.5632288455963135,
1.1368333101272583,
-0.6298669576644897,
0.6202366948127747,
0.6120483875274658,
0.5175234079360962,
0.20473112165927887,
-0.03322356939315796,
0.764541745185852,
0.4054841995239258,
-0.3567201495170593,
0.21686258912086487,
0.39715421199798584,
0.1350320726633072,
-0.14326980710029602,
0.5542802810668945,
-1.2608494758605957,
-0.018871523439884186,
0.17617499828338623,
0.4263738989830017,
1.16060471534729,
0.7386744022369385,
0.2896691858768463,
0.45376524329185486,
-0.4182089567184448,
-0.980241060256958,
-0.4903956651687622,
-0.03587018698453903,
0.9572589993476868,
0.5634860396385193,
-1.0978889465332031,
-0.9039584398269653,
0.8181625008583069,
1.1403164863586426,
-1.903821349143982,
-0.2802519202232361,
0.8763135075569153,
1.0374540090560913,
1.966294288635254,
0.966459333896637,
1.0270328521728516,
-1.1820919513702393,
0.7816568613052368,
-0.7536305785179138,
0.005550801753997803,
-0.4418891370296478,
0.3736143112182617,
-0.5141375660896301,
-0.6497194766998291,
1.4106359481811523,
-1.2578648328781128,
-0.36421653628349304,
0.9039815664291382,
0.7333629131317139,
-0.236090287566185,
0.0045705512166023254,
0.6126263737678528,
0.6898917555809021,
0.4014165699481964,
-0.4474470615386963,
-0.6081146597862244,
-0.5897374749183655,
0.3675951361656189,
0.15315964818000793,
0.6178436279296875,
1.7113728523254395,
0.6712961792945862,
1.4429872035980225,
2.318906545639038,
-0.21163593232631683
] |
could crispr (or something like it) one day be used to correct vision? | i assume you're basically asking, could genetic manipulations correct vision? the answer is "probably", but not certainly. but i can't help but wonder if you're under the impression that short/long sightedness is genetic in origin, which is almost certainly is not. we don't know the exact cause of short sightedness, but the fact that in several east asian countries, sort sightedness has gone from an incidence of ~20%, to nearly 100% in two generations is good enough evidence for it being environmental. this might be behind a paywall, but this is a good article _url_0_ | 4 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.nature.com/news/the-myopia-boom-1.17120"
] | [
-0.31338855624198914,
-0.12900888919830322,
0.1899101734161377,
0.20979920029640198,
0.7820643782615662,
-0.82328200340271,
-1.3053297996520996,
-0.3861086666584015,
-0.28970634937286377,
-0.40649914741516113,
1.2590465545654297,
-0.4319431185722351,
-0.18264412879943848,
0.5614955425262451,
-0.2988187372684479,
0.5542889833450317,
-0.44676899909973145,
-1.470572829246521,
-0.5620193481445312,
1.1486859321594238,
-0.46379318833351135,
-1.0413914918899536,
0.486885130405426,
-0.5767257809638977,
-0.3446277379989624,
-1.0502954721450806,
-0.02306780219078064,
0.3419138193130493,
-0.7498079538345337,
0.0965261161327362,
-0.520788848400116,
1.2324295043945312,
-0.5580918192863464,
-0.3573313057422638,
-0.064117431640625,
-0.7020201086997986,
0.23401522636413574,
0.21009472012519836,
-0.39241892099380493,
0.6321592330932617,
-0.773567259311676,
-0.679861307144165,
-0.3139173686504364,
-0.14250066876411438,
0.1657848060131073,
2.1062402725219727,
0.5661889314651489,
0.8720942735671997,
-0.9679612517356873,
-0.11900046467781067,
-1.501878023147583,
-0.18167950212955475,
-0.08446182310581207,
-0.5598130226135254,
-0.2541666626930237,
-0.18905285000801086,
-0.8643280863761902,
-0.8384596705436707,
0.19554376602172852,
-0.30753225088119507,
1.3068773746490479,
-0.254474937915802,
-0.16213864088058472,
0.6061280965805054,
1.9991332292556763,
1.0625066757202148,
-1.0203063488006592,
-1.0926767587661743,
0.5276967287063599,
0.09337810426950455,
2.144585609436035,
-0.625629186630249,
-1.2933011054992676,
1.16996431350708,
-0.03521460294723511,
-0.7633611559867859,
0.4736715257167816,
0.38616469502449036,
0.09615695476531982,
-1.26570463180542,
-0.4991058111190796,
0.20663124322891235,
-0.3108513355255127,
0.8214935660362244,
0.14550969004631042,
0.5408649444580078,
-0.11442400515079498,
0.09225118160247803,
-1.4490487575531006,
0.6450403928756714,
0.24048084020614624,
-0.7683894038200378,
-0.09043145179748535,
-0.25269585847854614,
0.4651423692703247,
0.9915032386779785,
0.5347466468811035,
-0.7393458485603333,
-0.6543148756027222,
0.016603529453277588,
0.06284637004137039,
-0.22831735014915466,
-0.8090395927429199,
-0.6430182456970215,
-0.33550530672073364,
-0.3761593699455261,
0.3494683504104614,
0.7772667407989502,
0.24077822268009186,
0.9547122716903687,
-0.15869058668613434,
-0.2580581605434418,
-0.33580610156059265,
0.35540634393692017,
-1.2467246055603027,
-1.900010585784912,
-0.3253583014011383,
-0.9789918661117554,
-1.0836427211761475,
-0.4519426226615906,
-0.3241475820541382,
0.9078260660171509,
0.4883221387863159,
-0.5133023262023926,
1.287360429763794,
0.40634867548942566,
-0.9162996411323547,
1.8600337505340576,
0.7638404369354248,
0.9432514905929565,
0.8631526827812195,
-1.238352656364441,
0.0925159752368927,
-0.25333550572395325,
-0.18766680359840393,
-0.01572335883975029,
0.973288357257843,
-0.7513007521629333,
-0.8038429021835327,
0.0430179238319397,
0.8537507653236389,
0.34144461154937744,
0.2243000715970993,
0.6104142069816589,
0.021723568439483643,
1.3812090158462524,
0.11057126522064209,
0.08889326453208923,
-0.4903312623500824,
-0.7632277607917786,
-0.22244158387184143,
-1.4991306066513062,
-0.04276800900697708,
-0.3227393627166748,
-0.7163165211677551,
-0.5656605362892151,
0.8704797029495239,
0.5967399477958679,
0.44251203536987305,
0.9596450328826904,
0.03330979496240616,
-0.18136216700077057,
-0.20119549334049225,
0.2145266830921173,
1.1688191890716553,
-0.7913506031036377,
-1.059084177017212,
-0.2636302411556244,
0.3346855044364929,
0.7786920070648193,
0.9019898176193237,
-0.21421340107917786,
0.06475155055522919,
-0.2916107475757599,
0.24041563272476196,
-0.4862055778503418,
-2.88932728767395,
1.3389277458190918,
-0.7135960459709167,
0.42106130719184875,
-0.3191371560096741,
-2.122488021850586,
0.13077417016029358,
0.20914603769779205,
-0.34645068645477295,
0.12870441377162933,
-0.7358359694480896,
-0.26529356837272644,
0.3416612148284912,
-0.01920180395245552,
-0.7498960494995117,
0.11837747693061829,
-0.28066208958625793,
-0.1673050820827484,
-0.43454644083976746,
0.7692305445671082,
-0.05275679752230644,
-0.5064389705657959,
1.2899835109710693,
-0.6653299927711487,
-1.1520203351974487,
0.10676147043704987,
-0.31088680028915405,
-0.4528617858886719,
-0.5444989204406738,
0.7404692769050598,
1.8768329620361328,
-0.20487552881240845,
-0.7442144751548767,
1.5314966440200806,
0.9747473001480103,
-0.36882925033569336,
-0.3049705922603607,
0.3030509352684021,
1.6644622087478638,
0.2820418179035187,
-1.8148353099822998,
-0.9686807990074158,
0.9196152687072754,
0.764302670955658,
-1.4729030132293701,
-1.4995418787002563,
-0.9896641373634338,
-1.4362547397613525,
-1.8648052215576172,
-0.7810384035110474,
0.5508443117141724,
-0.10103863477706909,
-1.036268711090088,
-0.19828669726848602,
1.2661573886871338,
0.8847588896751404,
0.5623735189437866,
1.0750761032104492,
-0.18624365329742432,
-0.08428730070590973,
1.3164726495742798,
-0.36403894424438477,
-0.9810774922370911,
-0.6044266819953918,
-0.1080147922039032,
0.7804931998252869,
-0.9062722325325012,
-0.26975128054618835,
-0.13131174445152283,
0.23835919797420502,
-0.0024017691612243652,
0.5369150638580322,
-0.08235052227973938,
1.2546690702438354,
-0.4397222399711609,
-0.30590882897377014,
-1.7737280130386353,
-0.1966705322265625,
-0.050560444593429565,
0.3107093572616577,
-0.9357408881187439,
0.8881521224975586,
-0.38591262698173523,
1.1686668395996094,
-0.21489545702934265,
-0.7404717206954956,
-0.6502459049224854,
-1.1150782108306885,
0.9495024085044861,
0.25141167640686035,
0.5771470069885254,
0.5450426340103149,
-0.27544087171554565,
-0.9200419187545776,
-0.004471123218536377,
1.479235291481018,
0.4910959005355835,
-0.11499485373497009,
0.5190165042877197,
1.4884414672851562,
1.2213460206985474,
0.02976842224597931,
-1.475859522819519,
-0.7459328174591064,
-0.47306281328201294,
-0.6150311231613159,
0.7881306409835815,
0.5572164058685303,
0.14978167414665222,
-0.4027550220489502,
-0.3157814145088196,
0.026201963424682617,
1.2742509841918945,
-0.16985155642032623,
0.6918042302131653,
0.9047458171844482,
0.30224156379699707,
-1.1506379842758179,
2.693620443344116,
-1.1440629959106445,
-1.596379041671753,
-0.39484137296676636,
0.3155869245529175,
0.8305893540382385,
-0.03390657901763916,
0.7228052616119385,
-0.44940614700317383,
0.23458898067474365,
-0.801674485206604,
-0.8999152183532715,
0.97942054271698,
0.2612065076828003,
1.5676616430282593,
-0.8480126857757568,
-0.4307442009449005,
-2.3758065700531006,
0.429887592792511,
0.6454798579216003,
-0.7888856530189514,
0.6330974698066711,
-1.8314146995544434,
0.6204603910446167,
0.25968989729881287,
0.65484219789505,
1.3877217769622803,
0.5976439118385315,
0.05389125272631645,
1.3068602085113525,
-1.0356395244598389,
0.6829660534858704,
0.2040305882692337,
0.1279226541519165,
-0.5929015874862671,
0.626741886138916,
-0.7007656097412109,
0.823233425617218,
0.6149497628211975,
0.27435755729675293,
1.542467713356018,
-0.28942564129829407,
-0.8369581699371338,
0.19706422090530396,
-1.05039644241333,
1.3255983591079712,
0.2606862783432007,
-0.0965833067893982,
1.108400583267212,
1.4328104257583618,
0.2648150324821472,
1.128667950630188,
0.2399805188179016,
1.2168526649475098,
-0.16072465479373932,
-0.19193746149539948,
0.9332962036132812,
1.0479586124420166,
-0.07696002721786499,
0.27635422348976135,
0.7487385869026184,
-0.9639471173286438,
-1.5875834226608276,
1.1067211627960205,
-0.07263921201229095,
-0.838330864906311,
0.08078715950250626,
-0.2480219602584839,
-0.4399169087409973,
2.1717982292175293,
0.7760306596755981,
0.4198035001754761,
0.19558045268058777,
0.18766188621520996,
0.31260159611701965,
-0.19530795514583588,
0.29648783802986145,
0.4950791895389557,
0.25050172209739685,
-1.1787561178207397,
-0.907213032245636,
-0.9399052858352661,
0.5368528962135315,
-0.5822180509567261,
-1.8490045070648193,
0.6119654178619385,
2.105778217315674,
0.71131432056427,
0.6576851606369019,
0.4447232484817505
] |
|
what determines how often geysers erupt? | i saw a short news story about the steamboat geyser in yellowstone that erupted for the first time in eight years, but it erupted 29 times in 1964. on the other hand, old faithful can be timed so well that they know exactly when it while erupt next. why are some so regular and others completely unpredictable? | not an expert but i have been to yellowstone quite a few times and know a decent amount about geysers. it basically all boils down to how interconnected the geyser's plumbing system is. old faithful's plumbing system appears to be fairly isolated from the rest of the upper geyser basin and therefore activity from other geysers doesn't interfere with old faithful's function or "steal" its water. steamboat, on the other hand, is hypothesized to be connected to pretty much every thermal feature in the entire norris basin. eruptions from other geysers, hot spring activity, and all kinds of other factors can prevent steamboat from building up the necessary supply of pressurized water to have a major eruption. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.9649564027786255,
0.33263951539993286,
2.270242214202881,
1.5476460456848145,
0.33103644847869873,
-1.5034905672073364,
0.6173864006996155,
-0.5814851522445679,
-0.6122263669967651,
0.4721473455429077,
-1.1204413175582886,
0.44091805815696716,
-0.298658162355423,
1.1715397834777832,
-1.147165298461914,
0.8815881013870239,
-0.879227876663208,
0.43834951519966125,
-0.8326480984687805,
-1.2812644243240356,
0.596714973449707,
0.6895632147789001,
-1.4106754064559937,
-0.3476163446903229,
0.1536063849925995,
0.8829619884490967,
-1.1920173168182373,
1.5510019063949585,
0.12780320644378662,
0.5431398749351501,
-0.605446457862854,
-0.9496995210647583,
-1.0246256589889526,
-0.8700487613677979,
-0.7117927074432373,
0.7686143517494202,
-0.09478692710399628,
-1.538318157196045,
0.6761489510536194,
1.0170382261276245,
0.47209465503692627,
0.2824164032936096,
0.8884100914001465,
0.9569311738014221,
-0.5868582725524902,
2.7014687061309814,
-0.25576794147491455,
-0.8563461899757385,
-0.5899463295936584,
-0.5730859041213989,
-0.00950610637664795,
-2.1618456840515137,
-0.2848227024078369,
0.7079419493675232,
-0.9094856381416321,
-0.8517259955406189,
0.01443396508693695,
-0.9008469581604004,
0.2033929079771042,
-0.39608776569366455,
0.5911131501197815,
0.035288527607917786,
0.24543945491313934,
0.4008377194404602,
1.3810110092163086,
-0.6137549877166748,
-1.0715656280517578,
1.3941162824630737,
0.615107536315918,
0.9334709644317627,
1.1198272705078125,
0.7202276587486267,
-0.3098668158054352,
-2.2058067321777344,
-1.2004315853118896,
-1.4692401885986328,
0.039526842534542084,
0.08978278934955597,
-0.8696464896202087,
0.49553924798965454,
-0.48866182565689087,
0.528603732585907,
-0.6853175163269043,
-1.34049654006958,
-0.8066409230232239,
0.09900673478841782,
0.806354284286499,
0.7479080557823181,
0.902069091796875,
-0.06749653816223145,
0.9620469808578491,
-0.30694639682769775,
-0.6274454593658447,
-1.105251431465149,
1.8891699314117432,
1.8797497749328613,
-0.1727290153503418,
-1.42551589012146,
-0.20900273323059082,
-0.9621990919113159,
-1.1463133096694946,
-0.20682230591773987,
-0.9337726831436157,
-0.11652901768684387,
-0.2739211916923523,
-0.11738091707229614,
0.045837223529815674,
2.476332664489746,
0.22434626519680023,
0.4647204279899597,
0.058173224329948425,
0.4286329746246338,
0.43165135383605957,
-0.20388437807559967,
-0.6097793579101562,
-1.2326538562774658,
-0.7352924346923828,
-0.375569224357605,
-3.7048230171203613,
-0.34833037853240967,
0.5524492859840393,
-1.397985577583313,
0.3994141221046448,
2.206958532333374,
1.2513686418533325,
0.8707942366600037,
0.29413163661956787,
0.5870252251625061,
0.2975006103515625,
-0.8014183640480042,
0.33056920766830444,
-0.9142129421234131,
1.26836359500885,
-0.23744097352027893,
-0.9003374576568604,
1.0503641366958618,
1.3488891124725342,
1.249191164970398,
-0.7907484769821167,
3.0548582077026367,
-1.3002740144729614,
0.19101786613464355,
-1.6070672273635864,
-2.1367902755737305,
0.9908101558685303,
1.508568525314331,
-0.25242963433265686,
-1.1708232164382935,
0.389330118894577,
-1.5033425092697144,
-1.0683917999267578,
-0.5012401938438416,
-0.00276985764503479,
-0.29173293709754944,
0.18345540761947632,
-1.0879688262939453,
-1.807440161705017,
0.1426285207271576,
2.6555349826812744,
-0.07641438394784927,
-1.036824107170105,
0.9246512055397034,
-0.1591217815876007,
-0.5442102551460266,
-0.8136969804763794,
0.1925518810749054,
-0.4446718394756317,
-0.47197359800338745,
0.06766309589147568,
-0.24240019917488098,
-0.0024160295724868774,
1.3318543434143066,
0.9484843015670776,
-1.2413833141326904,
-0.19736212491989136,
0.4543369710445404,
-0.46341824531555176,
0.37299060821533203,
0.8080897927284241,
0.9192247986793518,
-0.952754020690918,
1.3837487697601318,
1.9395253658294678,
2.4368293285369873,
0.8951312303543091,
-0.13314861059188843,
0.7920498847961426,
-0.34232965111732483,
-1.9475749731063843,
-0.5441958904266357,
-1.0073474645614624,
-0.8704271912574768,
1.5847641229629517,
1.5653733015060425,
0.0645906925201416,
2.1466305255889893,
-0.6801919937133789,
-0.5540316700935364,
-0.9095368385314941,
-0.051787182688713074,
-2.7706587314605713,
-0.2075207680463791,
-0.6494176983833313,
-0.4725008010864258,
1.4862064123153687,
-0.7693182826042175,
0.8918778300285339,
0.5151852965354919,
-2.5886330604553223,
-0.21335861086845398,
-0.6668038368225098,
1.8116142749786377,
-0.8346388339996338,
-0.18350841104984283,
1.3798491954803467,
0.9341754913330078,
-0.24817347526550293,
1.428024411201477,
0.8146836161613464,
0.7785707116127014,
0.7982624769210815,
-1.7174466848373413,
2.1244919300079346,
-1.5301039218902588,
0.0469258576631546,
-0.4738708436489105,
-0.6956260204315186,
0.038776934146881104,
-0.5528777837753296,
0.40131688117980957,
0.2611091434955597,
1.1508700847625732,
-0.3241836428642273,
1.072192907333374,
-1.263891339302063,
0.12634365260601044,
-0.7689968347549438,
0.8191264867782593,
0.03225293010473251,
0.6925164461135864,
0.6402016878128052,
0.8149164319038391,
-0.5742492079734802,
1.4847218990325928,
-1.2728906869888306,
2.6878371238708496,
-1.0007799863815308,
-1.901309609413147,
-0.5523223876953125,
-0.12692756950855255,
-2.720968008041382,
-0.14712601900100708,
-1.9495614767074585,
0.1487012803554535,
-1.5267741680145264,
1.4365899562835693,
-0.9626532793045044,
-1.2132110595703125,
-2.2610013484954834,
1.080465316772461,
1.8112599849700928,
0.3038337230682373,
-2.235215425491333,
-1.5386724472045898,
1.7340877056121826,
-0.13899248838424683,
1.1043319702148438,
1.3162448406219482,
-1.5519566535949707,
1.1891329288482666,
0.26186877489089966,
-1.2292513847351074,
-0.43937361240386963,
1.5060149431228638,
-0.28669118881225586,
-0.7470852732658386,
-0.999330997467041,
-0.43632400035858154,
1.1362744569778442,
-1.2425121068954468,
0.6718648076057434,
-1.8246504068374634,
-2.7822961807250977,
-1.0623756647109985,
1.953617811203003,
-0.5347155332565308,
0.39490488171577454,
-1.2887992858886719,
-0.34115132689476013,
-0.06283982843160629,
0.12407457083463669,
1.5206156969070435,
0.2215663641691208,
-0.9614170789718628,
0.4897654950618744,
-1.079647183418274,
0.6124798655509949,
-0.9638404846191406,
0.615951657295227,
-0.8735688328742981,
-0.07743114978075027,
0.04569639265537262,
-0.9341318607330322,
-0.8034522533416748,
-1.251592755317688,
2.095465660095215,
0.42717039585113525,
-0.768263578414917,
3.253659725189209,
-2.5288357734680176,
-0.035598382353782654,
-2.6325106620788574,
1.5553631782531738,
0.9870258569717407,
0.472072571516037,
0.8433455228805542,
-1.3237080574035645,
-1.0917564630508423,
0.4177284836769104,
0.520768940448761,
0.09006157517433167,
0.9657712578773499,
0.20031404495239258,
0.5527084469795227,
0.8414345979690552,
-1.572567105293274,
0.06521511822938919,
1.9278688430786133,
-1.0055397748947144,
0.7203344106674194,
-0.6217517852783203,
0.8790337443351746,
1.0263135433197021,
-1.0475982427597046,
1.8292194604873657,
0.2779659330844879,
0.5361179113388062,
-0.7951482534408569,
-1.1735366582870483,
-0.45343464612960815,
-1.5001285076141357,
0.2302812933921814,
0.8719472289085388,
0.44489586353302,
0.6058390140533447,
0.39246678352355957,
1.9273924827575684,
0.11412042379379272,
-0.8942594528198242,
-0.4127999246120453,
0.7190412878990173,
1.0595970153808594,
-0.30626022815704346,
0.30946260690689087,
1.2016146183013916,
1.4211571216583252,
-1.295046329498291,
1.4292352199554443,
-0.1460351198911667,
-2.5211753845214844,
-1.4061983823776245,
1.1310714483261108,
1.5537137985229492,
2.230760097503662,
-0.38050052523612976,
2.6619367599487305,
-1.692286729812622,
0.819277286529541,
0.683571994304657,
1.1948477029800415,
0.2724323868751526,
0.22063031792640686,
1.387357234954834,
1.0395145416259766,
0.3360714018344879,
0.0853160172700882,
0.6026917695999146,
-1.1997352838516235,
0.5905105471611023,
0.056581996381282806,
-1.2406198978424072,
0.8695271015167236,
1.2408421039581299,
-0.16651038825511932
] |
i found a video of an ice cube being induction heated until it glows red, but it seems fake. at the same time, i don't have any idea what else i could be seeing. what's going on in this video? | _url_0_ | it's not the ice glowing, there is a wedge of metal inside the block which glows red hot because of induction heating, _url_0_ this video is made by the same company as the one you linked to. induction heating uses an alternating magnetic field in a solenoid to induce current eddies in a conductive material, these eddies, just like current in a resistor, heat up. with a high enough frequency and field you can easily melt metal within seconds. it's an incredibly fast process. here's another internet famous video of the process: _url_1_ | 11 | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLwaPP9cxT4"
] | [
"https://youtu.be/hRKMtmliqsw",
"https://youtu.be/VydPQuLyEns"
] | [
-2.0832252502441406,
0.422701895236969,
-0.22297120094299316,
0.035849764943122864,
-0.4339258670806885,
-0.7757867574691772,
0.8068436980247498,
-0.16568836569786072,
0.050519801676273346,
0.1267852783203125,
0.48156312108039856,
-0.42538776993751526,
-0.4705307185649872,
0.391934871673584,
1.3381805419921875,
0.19826939702033997,
-0.22888287901878357,
-0.22989659011363983,
-0.049548327922821045,
-0.7377307415008545,
1.1430084705352783,
-0.8592166900634766,
-1.4934585094451904,
-0.9110649824142456,
-1.4508649110794067,
0.01379084587097168,
-0.16981574892997742,
0.6922435760498047,
0.08725053817033768,
-0.508368968963623,
0.8793981075286865,
-0.9442774057388306,
-1.4049791097640991,
0.5653421878814697,
0.2920442223548889,
0.1062903106212616,
-0.5630651712417603,
-0.5326299667358398,
-0.8148947954177856,
0.4351208806037903,
-0.09543385356664658,
-1.5840431451797485,
0.4891964793205261,
-0.1356811821460724,
0.31718385219573975,
1.3374035358428955,
-0.11651215702295303,
-0.2125817835330963,
0.3474142253398895,
-1.1510939598083496,
-0.900226891040802,
0.7853010296821594,
0.25521859526634216,
-0.7454687356948853,
-0.06968066096305847,
0.2566508948802948,
0.8468902111053467,
0.0671953484416008,
-1.2813832759857178,
-0.9883818626403809,
0.6667991280555725,
-0.839090883731842,
-0.06381744146347046,
0.0000864267349243164,
0.5705381631851196,
-0.7789338231086731,
0.3748292326927185,
0.013558417558670044,
0.3225327134132385,
-1.2149529457092285,
-0.04408268630504608,
0.48129037022590637,
-0.939123809337616,
0.10610413551330566,
0.5505068302154541,
0.7761619091033936,
-1.1302995681762695,
0.720359742641449,
-0.8202142715454102,
-0.9953063130378723,
0.05541633814573288,
-0.3565414547920227,
-1.2330502271652222,
-0.817546010017395,
-0.3293353319168091,
2.61950945854187,
1.3992494344711304,
0.04619979113340378,
-0.07502779364585876,
0.08408625423908234,
-0.629555344581604,
0.3314496576786041,
-1.0193889141082764,
0.4707637429237366,
2.085402488708496,
0.29644906520843506,
0.36769235134124756,
-1.2956955432891846,
-1.5494210720062256,
0.56300288438797,
0.2942138910293579,
-0.824597179889679,
-2.9031805992126465,
-0.2951844036579132,
-0.627380907535553,
0.024825066328048706,
0.17422303557395935,
1.6163914203643799,
-0.25783681869506836,
-0.3489800691604614,
0.3420059382915497,
-0.31769952178001404,
-0.010086998343467712,
0.0403970330953598,
1.431952953338623,
-0.5060994029045105,
0.039596788585186005,
-0.0029377564787864685,
-0.45244115591049194,
0.5373114943504333,
0.876096248626709,
-1.132154941558838,
-0.6779024004936218,
0.7251019477844238,
0.03519365191459656,
-1.1532230377197266,
2.589648962020874,
0.5946144461631775,
-0.4256581664085388,
1.3988393545150757,
-0.28806599974632263,
-0.8051192760467529,
0.2951715886592865,
0.9498057961463928,
0.17335303127765656,
0.8814823627471924,
0.20746243000030518,
0.592530369758606,
-0.7269379496574402,
1.0347168445587158,
-0.8384879231452942,
1.604443907737732,
-0.6280969977378845,
-2.6588213443756104,
1.0327348709106445,
0.44140440225601196,
-0.21873325109481812,
-0.9007905721664429,
-0.5249782800674438,
0.1956162005662918,
-0.25445759296417236,
-0.1349579393863678,
0.2199927717447281,
0.9841587543487549,
0.0177488774061203,
-0.007187992334365845,
0.5064650774002075,
1.1218348741531372,
1.2489503622055054,
0.18104898929595947,
-0.6635674238204956,
1.4763870239257812,
0.3497258126735687,
1.360583782196045,
0.04091101884841919,
-0.702491044998169,
-1.038546085357666,
-0.14529359340667725,
-1.5246167182922363,
0.02728159725666046,
-0.47231701016426086,
-0.43497997522354126,
-0.4616395831108093,
-0.28232914209365845,
-1.990659236907959,
-0.8687536716461182,
0.15545925498008728,
-0.34950947761535645,
-0.12112285196781158,
1.3527449369430542,
1.4806008338928223,
0.9871212244033813,
2.3216559886932373,
-0.010249176993966103,
-0.6258524060249329,
0.2690199613571167,
1.0742510557174683,
0.5705116987228394,
0.3938559889793396,
0.41289904713630676,
-0.8836702704429626,
-0.23423294723033905,
-1.2037808895111084,
0.19141428172588348,
0.3810749351978302,
-0.3621313273906708,
-0.29307612776756287,
-0.19579686224460602,
0.18324297666549683,
0.06525475531816483,
0.0268196240067482,
-0.9284524917602539,
-0.18579086661338806,
-0.11533397436141968,
0.3656688928604126,
0.8677306175231934,
0.5500756502151489,
-0.5136256814002991,
-1.2615463733673096,
-0.6412131786346436,
0.5014597177505493,
-1.6688138246536255,
-0.2862730622291565,
-0.4859710931777954,
0.1649315357208252,
0.554974377155304,
-1.6118431091308594,
-0.6679285168647766,
-0.8321321606636047,
0.4974832236766815,
0.9075121879577637,
0.07578203082084656,
0.20746859908103943,
-1.1451613903045654,
0.299679696559906,
-0.42493167519569397,
-0.20345079898834229,
0.568592369556427,
-0.2822760343551636,
-0.163353830575943,
0.17805494368076324,
-0.2096272110939026,
0.4912572503089905,
2.320066452026367,
1.1924158334732056,
-0.2341659665107727,
-0.46782630681991577,
-0.42312756180763245,
-0.1135086864233017,
-0.9084612131118774,
-0.8144355416297913,
-0.7964895963668823,
0.6497899889945984,
1.020754098892212,
-0.1903926134109497,
0.8522433638572693,
-0.6038129329681396,
0.02729758620262146,
0.5213860869407654,
0.6622360348701477,
1.0101516246795654,
0.666652500629425,
-1.1673767566680908,
0.17996752262115479,
0.7125481367111206,
1.5235862731933594,
-0.8032040596008301,
-0.7408668398857117,
-0.6317216157913208,
-0.5707528591156006,
1.4227701425552368,
1.0706987380981445,
0.7055291533470154,
-0.9099882245063782,
0.7317857146263123,
0.765051007270813,
0.31132546067237854,
1.2424801588058472,
-1.6555095911026,
0.21337860822677612,
-0.062415316700935364,
-1.30363130569458,
-0.38983485102653503,
1.0291284322738647,
0.8618159294128418,
-1.1399569511413574,
0.6035608649253845,
-0.6600194573402405,
-0.3098444938659668,
0.2507482171058655,
-0.7591736912727356,
0.892619252204895,
-1.5841319561004639,
0.5943684577941895,
-0.15191926062107086,
-1.1589149236679077,
0.561020016670227,
-1.3970903158187866,
-0.12437285482883453,
-0.6380376219749451,
-0.11269930005073547,
1.7090821266174316,
0.6689474582672119,
-0.15573105216026306,
1.2919200658798218,
0.7933491468429565,
0.6615701913833618,
0.18798606097698212,
0.18763655424118042,
-1.1567689180374146,
0.07542863488197327,
0.1863873302936554,
-0.4748045802116394,
0.12230246514081955,
-0.4464694559574127,
0.21469950675964355,
-0.3177207410335541,
-0.018358051776885986,
1.005112648010254,
-1.7295222282409668,
1.4641541242599487,
0.26274925470352173,
-0.4803102910518646,
-0.28088662028312683,
-0.5682820081710815,
1.3282239437103271,
-0.7702077627182007,
1.1622672080993652,
-0.5721068978309631,
0.10800788551568985,
0.3478664755821228,
-0.48103344440460205,
0.8559693098068237,
-0.4169861376285553,
0.31542855501174927,
0.8919530510902405,
-0.6762043237686157,
-0.4732782542705536,
-0.057531192898750305,
-1.8436388969421387,
0.2276216447353363,
0.4541746973991394,
1.656677007675171,
-0.7222976684570312,
1.1850582361221313,
0.21643605828285217,
-0.9742066860198975,
-0.009357959032058716,
0.46462568640708923,
-0.8048046827316284,
-0.16415561735630035,
-0.532934308052063,
0.41474679112434387,
-0.6061182022094727,
0.1946595460176468,
-0.1362908035516739,
0.8620120882987976,
-0.23535175621509552,
-1.4596928358078003,
0.32685601711273193,
-0.8103799223899841,
0.08895505964756012,
1.7716668844223022,
0.7238583564758301,
1.1087431907653809,
0.3205600380897522,
-0.7915756106376648,
0.4488050639629364,
0.8031406998634338,
-0.5490453243255615,
0.06846916675567627,
0.5524881482124329,
-0.342495322227478,
0.23992574214935303,
-0.864080548286438,
1.0407931804656982,
-0.6689159274101257,
0.015490397810935974,
-0.33315780758857727,
1.9812407493591309,
-0.7121691703796387,
1.4945485591888428,
0.08187630772590637,
-0.03354700654745102,
1.4529567956924438,
-1.1975486278533936,
-0.28617745637893677,
-0.2875618636608124,
-0.3736962676048279,
1.663699984550476,
1.0451128482818604,
0.8852953314781189,
1.6579889059066772,
0.6738420724868774
] |
are nucleii at thermal equilibrium with the macroscopic world? | as far as i know, nuclei are largely irrelevant for chemical interactions, and reciprocally chemical interactions does not matter (much) for nuclear reactions. what are some coupling mechanism for temperature exchange between nuclei and the chemical world? how much time would a nuclei need to have the same temperature than its environment? does the temperature of a nuclei even meaningful? | you can define a temperature for a nucleus, but for most intents and purposes, nuclei can be treated as if they’re at absolute zero. room temperature corresponds to an energy of kt = 0.025 ev. the characteristic energy scales of nuclear excitation are hundreds of kev to a few mev, so a nucleus is essentially a degenerate fermi gas at absolute zero. the temperature of a nucleus becomes important in situations where nuclei can be highly excited, like in heavy ion collisions. these temperatures can reach the scale of mev, which is enormous compared to room temperature, or even the core of the sun. nuclei can interact with and exchange energy with atomic electrons, for example by internal conversion (a nuclear decay where the extra energy of the nucleus is given to an electron). in principle it could go the other way, with electrons giving energy to the nucleus, but most nuclear excitations are too high in energy for the typical amounts of excitation energy that an atomic electron can have. the atom would break apart before the electrons have enough energy to cause excitations of the nucleus. if a nucleus is “heated” by some nuclear reaction, it has the means to cool itself down, by giving up energy to its surroundings and returning to its equilibrium where t ~ 0. | 9 | [] | [] | [] | [
-4.135679244995117,
4.7978644371032715,
2.311401128768921,
3.858656167984009,
-0.3017956018447876,
-2.766639232635498,
1.7084753513336182,
2.8209269046783447,
2.0077743530273438,
-0.33033934235572815,
1.8952913284301758,
-3.2798023223876953,
0.38480591773986816,
-2.3540728092193604,
3.0705931186676025,
-1.7985897064208984,
-0.9613809585571289,
0.3989526331424713,
-2.500739812850952,
1.443974494934082,
-0.8563660383224487,
-2.219860076904297,
-0.0067237913608551025,
-2.2747092247009277,
0.004031941294670105,
-0.8044038414955139,
0.37589219212532043,
0.7605198621749878,
-0.451923668384552,
-0.23362469673156738,
0.17761364579200745,
-0.23595720529556274,
2.9076108932495117,
-0.055546075105667114,
1.3486484289169312,
0.22298410534858704,
0.45662254095077515,
-2.425912857055664,
-2.2898623943328857,
1.0498777627944946,
-0.2470053732395172,
0.7039830684661865,
3.3014001846313477,
0.525868833065033,
-0.6899202466011047,
1.6813209056854248,
1.2900092601776123,
-2.203648567199707,
-1.2787433862686157,
-2.913398504257202,
-0.054767925292253494,
3.0659780502319336,
0.27469101548194885,
1.116374135017395,
-3.9630260467529297,
2.103567361831665,
2.0989723205566406,
-1.876798152923584,
-0.7923643589019775,
-2.625539541244507,
0.3221694231033325,
-0.5360970497131348,
-0.013464599847793579,
-0.9181689620018005,
7.55915641784668,
-0.5617018938064575,
0.7242145538330078,
2.127359628677368,
-0.9817574620246887,
-0.048314109444618225,
0.8642691373825073,
-0.6261389255523682,
-1.4648346900939941,
-1.1011950969696045,
0.6326258182525635,
-0.4382320046424866,
1.2908201217651367,
2.042325973510742,
-0.09422755241394043,
0.4741404056549072,
0.9742697477340698,
-3.052769422531128,
-4.594648361206055,
-3.0900909900665283,
-1.090437412261963,
5.486626625061035,
1.9758464097976685,
-0.4187593460083008,
0.45511525869369507,
1.2409870624542236,
-1.8478060960769653,
0.913533091545105,
-2.0656611919403076,
0.43961483240127563,
0.30519771575927734,
1.4278405904769897,
3.3117311000823975,
-2.4591751098632812,
-1.0608165264129639,
-0.33795616030693054,
2.7774972915649414,
0.36792412400245667,
-5.350827693939209,
1.9237254858016968,
-3.8444385528564453,
-1.17911958694458,
0.9614360928535461,
1.8643879890441895,
-1.9091765880584717,
0.6336017847061157,
0.12242411077022552,
-3.2061901092529297,
1.7385964393615723,
-2.363661050796509,
3.000760078430176,
-1.3819928169250488,
3.2013847827911377,
3.223914384841919,
-1.7552101612091064,
-2.0805513858795166,
-0.40207961201667786,
-0.6457844972610474,
-1.219496726989746,
1.9376413822174072,
2.0483431816101074,
-1.3865262269973755,
-0.2299337089061737,
1.9695756435394287,
1.4388209581375122,
0.253227561712265,
3.123318910598755,
-0.9397006034851074,
-3.3939173221588135,
0.7777326107025146,
-2.511557102203369,
0.6153744459152222,
4.221151351928711,
-1.7097586393356323,
-2.605334997177124,
3.5415170192718506,
4.4658660888671875,
-1.433534026145935,
-1.3601353168487549,
-3.349074602127075,
0.1273651272058487,
0.1625850796699524,
2.6436898708343506,
0.7112510800361633,
0.302882581949234,
1.322655200958252,
-0.9853072762489319,
-0.960361123085022,
2.3259716033935547,
-0.4415096640586853,
0.7984178066253662,
-1.6591663360595703,
-1.2926772832870483,
-0.5706689357757568,
-0.1687692403793335,
1.776443362236023,
-2.3295860290527344,
3.3080365657806396,
1.1469756364822388,
1.8410658836364746,
-1.447965145111084,
2.018397331237793,
2.7852115631103516,
-0.8459662199020386,
-0.022595301270484924,
0.25751402974128723,
-0.8559423089027405,
-0.05390331894159317,
3.808305025100708,
-0.1130407452583313,
0.8308841586112976,
-3.4922380447387695,
-3.419706344604492,
-0.2575525641441345,
0.130398690700531,
2.5480213165283203,
1.2765088081359863,
1.6022706031799316,
5.298794746398926,
2.9494524002075195,
2.649569511413574,
-0.5056272745132446,
0.9753440022468567,
0.2260618954896927,
-1.1122703552246094,
-0.5615038275718689,
-0.6343520283699036,
-0.6679448485374451,
0.08899778127670288,
-0.3160371780395508,
-2.8776659965515137,
-4.073165416717529,
-3.4697132110595703,
0.851893424987793,
0.5387207865715027,
-0.8938589692115784,
4.26556396484375,
-2.115581750869751,
0.6639159917831421,
1.1318933963775635,
-0.04329743981361389,
-1.4703937768936157,
-1.3281152248382568,
1.696691870689392,
-3.143324375152588,
-2.219202756881714,
-3.063185691833496,
-5.3299360275268555,
2.120424509048462,
-0.4478410482406616,
-1.4087440967559814,
1.0329945087432861,
-1.0827891826629639,
-1.8829014301300049,
4.226799488067627,
-3.1984057426452637,
5.4254045486450195,
-0.5370049476623535,
-2.498898983001709,
-1.982627511024475,
1.4726121425628662,
-3.2000744342803955,
-2.1787757873535156,
0.8086578845977783,
0.8758633732795715,
1.4787498712539673,
-1.7985326051712036,
1.371320128440857,
-1.019344449043274,
2.2983086109161377,
2.7095863819122314,
0.10626886785030365,
-3.4244110584259033,
-1.0033462047576904,
-0.023304251953959465,
-0.8539611101150513,
2.2277064323425293,
2.1408159732818604,
0.6605814695358276,
1.8872634172439575,
1.8347114324569702,
2.321103096008301,
-0.09229572117328644,
-0.531469464302063,
1.1227295398712158,
-0.28492194414138794,
1.8214192390441895,
-0.8578135967254639,
0.6661911010742188,
-1.4595781564712524,
-2.863781690597534,
1.5668290853500366,
-1.29213547706604,
-0.537640392780304,
0.4469246566295624,
-0.21327942609786987,
0.29056158661842346,
-0.2524879276752472,
-1.3424750566482544,
-4.651756286621094,
-2.0907297134399414,
3.016840934753418,
2.6619863510131836,
3.026447057723999,
0.8064238429069519,
1.0325580835342407,
-0.04910069704055786,
0.3524303436279297,
-1.9506818056106567,
0.5120416283607483,
2.4651918411254883,
-5.766558647155762,
-1.2486627101898193,
-2.4040229320526123,
0.014958739280700684,
-0.04784157872200012,
-0.4186502695083618,
1.4557833671569824,
1.8676129579544067,
-1.4517383575439453,
1.962775707244873,
-4.534315586090088,
2.303332805633545,
-2.1337149143218994,
-2.640007257461548,
-1.797452449798584,
-1.007001280784607,
3.5781877040863037,
1.3003886938095093,
-0.8162457942962646,
3.089233875274658,
1.552873134613037,
0.6316501498222351,
1.4584813117980957,
-1.9560825824737549,
-2.1606926918029785,
2.002000331878662,
-3.849822759628296,
-2.374255657196045,
-1.9003183841705322,
-3.275052547454834,
1.4372881650924683,
0.3323950171470642,
-1.120640516281128,
2.360548734664917,
-6.4929022789001465,
-3.1208720207214355,
-2.772871971130371,
1.7887237071990967,
-2.0840437412261963,
-3.2030723094940186,
1.170153260231018,
2.1740078926086426,
2.0502498149871826,
2.0121519565582275,
-0.06531791388988495,
3.731973171234131,
-2.1556396484375,
-0.7265528440475464,
-2.280404567718506,
4.1197614669799805,
0.2977074384689331,
-0.2998756468296051,
-3.047208070755005,
3.000995635986328,
-1.1968662738800049,
2.6610567569732666,
2.2569515705108643,
4.050285816192627,
-0.6316513419151306,
4.426476955413818,
2.960930347442627,
0.19538022577762604,
-2.7161314487457275,
-2.1218667030334473,
1.8656647205352783,
-0.5410789847373962,
0.8050209879875183,
-1.3013932704925537,
1.760031819343567,
2.219156265258789,
2.2251505851745605,
-0.7497180700302124,
-0.7319108247756958,
-4.35980749130249,
-1.7431056499481201,
-4.03977632522583,
-0.6169594526290894,
4.6915059089660645,
0.8767211437225342,
1.9715555906295776,
-1.0849733352661133,
-0.35938742756843567,
0.12621290981769562,
-0.13913719356060028,
-0.5643806457519531,
-0.7054286599159241,
0.7007369995117188,
-1.2257089614868164,
2.537086248397827,
-3.508091688156128,
1.879265308380127,
-1.3935023546218872,
1.1232585906982422,
-1.055377721786499,
1.748093843460083,
-0.7325084209442139,
2.4864797592163086,
1.6303478479385376,
-5.0031962394714355,
-2.147582769393921,
-2.5306437015533447,
-2.234422445297241,
1.6713030338287354,
-0.2482992708683014,
2.074605941772461,
2.661809206008911,
2.144486665725708,
1.1015222072601318,
-0.02667347341775894
] |
ok, so...after breaking the seal, why do i have to go every 5min afterward? | "breaking the seal" is a myth. emptying your bladder does not cause your kidneys to make more urine. instead, it happens because you are drinking. alcohol is a diuretic, which means it makes your kidneys lose water. (specifically, it inhibits the action of a water-conserving hormone called [vasopressin](_url_0_).) when your blood alcohol is elevated, your urine output will be greater for a given amount of fluid intake. that is, even if you have a constant number of drinks per hour, your kidney output will go up as the night goes on. you will always have to pee more at the end of the night than at the beginning. delaying when you urinate does not affect this. | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin"
] | [
-0.10723832249641418,
-0.6679196357727051,
0.9904144406318665,
0.006858527660369873,
-1.007542610168457,
-1.0259037017822266,
1.1209073066711426,
0.6340945959091187,
0.2714359760284424,
0.28445520997047424,
-0.12579113245010376,
1.2315038442611694,
-0.9053441286087036,
1.4724884033203125,
-0.028915464878082275,
-0.7295128107070923,
-0.1999274492263794,
0.14153803884983063,
-1.6510815620422363,
0.21397531032562256,
1.41597580909729,
0.5041237473487854,
0.8482682704925537,
-0.7082667946815491,
0.245273619890213,
0.5023297667503357,
2.4812796115875244,
0.3174996078014374,
-0.2581090033054352,
-0.029120981693267822,
-1.2231465578079224,
0.1770991086959839,
-1.5697007179260254,
-1.1382739543914795,
-0.04864746332168579,
0.0686158686876297,
-0.7447531223297119,
-0.41530564427375793,
-1.3168296813964844,
-0.8627009391784668,
1.7079284191131592,
-1.3473072052001953,
-1.5936169624328613,
0.9924582242965698,
-0.4863676130771637,
0.9720548987388611,
0.5063031315803528,
-1.1755298376083374,
0.6910200119018555,
-0.8165096044540405,
0.3588560223579407,
0.187154620885849,
0.28519195318222046,
2.8529105186462402,
-0.908896803855896,
-0.252585768699646,
-0.7586318254470825,
-1.5343924760818481,
-1.5709660053253174,
-0.7990281581878662,
-2.5748419761657715,
2.122621536254883,
0.7791305780410767,
0.8456847071647644,
1.6807700395584106,
0.16231584548950195,
-0.48707932233810425,
-0.36713021993637085,
-0.21742400527000427,
0.6952899694442749,
0.33653995394706726,
0.3840246796607971,
0.3057962656021118,
0.16487190127372742,
-1.6438965797424316,
0.6895714402198792,
-0.6881501078605652,
1.1113440990447998,
-0.0690401941537857,
0.34029433131217957,
0.16340255737304688,
-1.4131450653076172,
1.6779335737228394,
0.3515613079071045,
-0.0463726744055748,
1.1057015657424927,
-1.3047723770141602,
-0.3716498911380768,
0.19405999779701233,
0.8751085996627808,
-3.539350986480713,
1.0499670505523682,
0.626875102519989,
-0.7773178815841675,
1.2070432901382446,
-0.6041224002838135,
-0.306193470954895,
-2.3291072845458984,
-1.0450907945632935,
-0.3803909420967102,
-1.6776171922683716,
2.0598888397216797,
-2.0716159343719482,
-0.7447789311408997,
2.041424036026001,
0.10219770669937134,
0.7880067825317383,
1.6051652431488037,
0.3701956868171692,
0.4335039258003235,
0.6877135038375854,
-0.0647580623626709,
2.4323978424072266,
0.9726991057395935,
0.8384010195732117,
2.6023528575897217,
-0.49673184752464294,
0.8906742930412292,
0.24061495065689087,
0.29567086696624756,
-0.5782281160354614,
-0.8200171589851379,
-0.20306193828582764,
0.8253440260887146,
-0.13893291354179382,
-0.40432772040367126,
1.005464792251587,
1.1240650415420532,
0.21098652482032776,
-0.8670911192893982,
0.8993319272994995,
-1.6293730735778809,
0.8643840551376343,
0.41527795791625977,
0.07464872300624847,
0.2676794230937958,
1.1427236795425415,
-1.3517441749572754,
-0.734742283821106,
0.05619344115257263,
1.311083197593689,
1.9098098278045654,
-0.18696215748786926,
0.2824886441230774,
0.8485291004180908,
2.5614099502563477,
1.4139723777770996,
-0.30683350563049316,
0.4310377836227417,
-0.7419295310974121,
-1.6514530181884766,
0.05946430563926697,
-0.40826743841171265,
-1.9851933717727661,
-1.03953218460083,
-0.3447462320327759,
-0.6109660863876343,
0.09170274436473846,
0.9640281200408936,
0.38963842391967773,
-0.272159218788147,
-0.5496243238449097,
-1.304340124130249,
-0.672556459903717,
0.6961288452148438,
1.2667059898376465,
-0.05392473563551903,
-1.9476017951965332,
-1.3756158351898193,
-1.0642389059066772,
0.22063297033309937,
-1.5102100372314453,
-0.999210000038147,
-1.7220908403396606,
-0.7281649112701416,
-1.2724230289459229,
-1.9911110401153564,
-0.18198621273040771,
0.660674512386322,
0.700968861579895,
-0.06944182515144348,
0.779543399810791,
-0.8047813177108765,
-0.4405709505081177,
-0.8121433258056641,
-1.0585697889328003,
-2.2774875164031982,
0.11333358287811279,
0.2793128490447998,
0.1905508041381836,
-1.496344804763794,
-0.8158347606658936,
-1.1028331518173218,
0.02415141463279724,
1.011931300163269,
-0.5630151033401489,
-0.5718315243721008,
0.7405612468719482,
-1.2136971950531006,
0.13949063420295715,
0.515912652015686,
-1.3653836250305176,
0.27238157391548157,
-1.0956774950027466,
-0.3403719365596771,
-0.7314043045043945,
1.2774776220321655,
-1.4830279350280762,
0.0762205570936203,
-2.312577247619629,
-0.6548950672149658,
0.897927463054657,
0.05776200816035271,
-0.5299624800682068,
0.1854431927204132,
-0.6546559929847717,
-0.893467128276825,
-0.4482157230377197,
0.21775661408901215,
0.23178619146347046,
-0.4571458697319031,
0.15560221672058105,
0.342099130153656,
-1.2528561353683472,
0.844673752784729,
0.0033466145396232605,
0.43063899874687195,
1.817988634109497,
0.11354705691337585,
0.06181557476520538,
2.0786538124084473,
-0.4393128454685211,
0.30606910586357117,
0.8955576419830322,
0.9098221659660339,
1.347326397895813,
0.5626755952835083,
-0.16707797348499298,
0.608843207359314,
-0.10399532318115234,
-0.11204555630683899,
1.4517929553985596,
0.3500412404537201,
1.1806894540786743,
-2.137011766433716,
1.6510403156280518,
-0.16945913434028625,
-1.208167552947998,
0.3098840117454529,
1.405914068222046,
0.6601938605308533,
0.322419136762619,
-0.6692475080490112,
-0.37078386545181274,
1.3111157417297363,
0.4921413064002991,
-2.5490481853485107,
-3.149717092514038,
-0.4409447908401489,
0.23132547736167908,
-0.04215437173843384,
-0.694085419178009,
-1.1774662733078003,
-1.288196325302124,
1.1227664947509766,
-0.9127307534217834,
0.5694699883460999,
1.3313828706741333,
-1.3511987924575806,
0.059476643800735474,
1.001325249671936,
-0.5281996726989746,
0.4659149646759033,
0.49186474084854126,
0.5171471834182739,
-0.1346113681793213,
0.4980066418647766,
1.947312831878662,
0.4955136775970459,
0.10209928452968597,
0.6745159029960632,
-0.4596002697944641,
-3.1449227333068848,
0.47969233989715576,
0.945881724357605,
0.7079606652259827,
0.43538618087768555,
0.07620120048522949,
0.581242561340332,
-1.5507442951202393,
-0.09334606677293777,
1.9198626279830933,
3.191310405731201,
-0.06649044156074524,
1.8268356323242188,
-0.8808995485305786,
1.1829026937484741,
1.5518826246261597,
0.03702253848314285,
-0.3518831729888916,
-1.6114692687988281,
-1.4994847774505615,
-0.5103991627693176,
0.09071222692728043,
-1.0496175289154053,
0.08576101064682007,
-1.079392433166504,
0.22932520508766174,
0.6927975416183472,
-1.4773352146148682,
0.946292519569397,
-0.5747644305229187,
0.6615126132965088,
-0.1390867978334427,
-0.3264698386192322,
0.003984913229942322,
-2.64532470703125,
0.17532101273536682,
0.13597023487091064,
0.4627048671245575,
0.260328471660614,
0.3003697097301483,
-0.9968816637992859,
1.7553859949111938,
0.24025186896324158,
-0.7979955077171326,
2.020169973373413,
0.3206912875175476,
-1.379591464996338,
-1.5841070413589478,
1.1458855867385864,
1.8202927112579346,
2.400975465774536,
-0.9533016085624695,
0.5821161866188049,
0.2394392192363739,
0.007037073373794556,
-1.346574068069458,
0.36390024423599243,
-0.48248618841171265,
-1.2426141500473022,
-1.0142539739608765,
0.1041681170463562,
0.9035952687263489,
0.3828997015953064,
-0.7546039819717407,
2.858656167984009,
-0.18260814249515533,
-1.336049199104309,
-0.7194000482559204,
1.7991477251052856,
1.471182942390442,
0.854722797870636,
1.5470023155212402,
1.2599148750305176,
0.416292279958725,
0.21750228106975555,
-0.6545387506484985,
1.1135525703430176,
-0.6962544918060303,
-1.463407039642334,
-1.852094292640686,
-0.08752979338169098,
1.1680209636688232,
-1.2354844808578491,
0.7368254661560059,
0.38368672132492065,
0.9789724946022034,
-0.4660896062850952,
2.047865390777588,
-0.3726954162120819,
1.22838294506073,
0.874747097492218,
-0.8590575456619263,
0.8113609552383423,
-1.7955663204193115,
-0.8997349739074707,
0.13000568747520447,
-1.0085855722427368,
-0.707526683807373,
2.008220911026001,
1.818814754486084,
1.348726749420166,
-1.5018569231033325
] |
|
how do i calculate the probability of a frequency distribution | dear people. i did an experiment that results in a frequency for a set of stochastic variables x. i also did a computation that predicts the distribution of the variable x given random chance (the probability distribution of x given randomness). now i would like to know how likely it is that my experiment x is just random. similar to throwing a dice 1000 times, counting the occurence of each eye and then calculating how likely it is that this dice is fair or that it is unfair. how does one do this? | by "random", do you mean "uniformly distributed"? to test the compatibility of your data with a distribution of known properties, you can do a goodness-of-for test. if you don't know the parameters of the distribution, you can assume a certain type of distribution and do parameter estimation to find the parameters. then you can use the chi-squared you get from the fit to see if it's a good fit or not. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.48082026839256287,
-0.20886839926242828,
0.20178836584091187,
-0.9399486184120178,
-0.41922080516815186,
0.34344953298568726,
0.5466943383216858,
0.7366088628768921,
-0.08995302021503448,
-0.12259923666715622,
0.9590750932693481,
-0.4541287422180176,
1.3555192947387695,
-0.13401959836483002,
0.1346142441034317,
-0.6749154925346375,
0.7870731353759766,
-0.21464966237545013,
-1.4925651550292969,
0.3385973274707794,
-1.3645052909851074,
-0.06760859489440918,
0.15450550615787506,
0.2969246804714203,
0.15912139415740967,
-0.03515172004699707,
0.386091947555542,
0.37722131609916687,
-0.5836552381515503,
-0.07421140372753143,
-0.39068785309791565,
0.8598670959472656,
0.1718711256980896,
-0.2874680757522583,
-0.19243144989013672,
-0.24619552493095398,
0.5170168876647949,
0.14231450855731964,
-0.37561291456222534,
0.9336149096488953,
0.17769673466682434,
-0.1230994313955307,
0.7160094976425171,
0.4465157091617584,
0.36993104219436646,
-0.05348639190196991,
0.080415740609169,
0.507095217704773,
-0.6523087024688721,
0.406099796295166,
0.5450303554534912,
0.19932623207569122,
-0.020864583551883698,
-0.21416442096233368,
-0.1326787769794464,
0.5512154698371887,
0.546158492565155,
-1.6103202104568481,
-0.9282408952713013,
0.33477848768234253,
0.0986051857471466,
0.8382118940353394,
-0.6736912131309509,
0.9821908473968506,
1.08449387550354,
0.43999814987182617,
-0.29951608180999756,
-0.2115369737148285,
-0.11367872357368469,
1.659574031829834,
-0.4016282856464386,
0.20302288234233856,
-1.15073823928833,
0.41785380244255066,
-0.16726455092430115,
0.2462892085313797,
0.04408468306064606,
-0.30229508876800537,
0.7024267315864563,
0.05198553204536438,
0.08825384825468063,
0.24518001079559326,
-0.8495563268661499,
-0.10891027748584747,
-0.5645481944084167,
0.08754649013280869,
0.612823486328125,
1.139509916305542,
0.27966541051864624,
-0.3336354196071625,
0.3491532802581787,
0.42211970686912537,
-1.7602784633636475,
-0.2990047037601471,
0.2840782701969147,
1.283944010734558,
0.23194998502731323,
-1.822045922279358,
1.0116218328475952,
1.1723737716674805,
-0.47374290227890015,
-0.16141381859779358,
-0.4282510578632355,
-0.6727858781814575,
-0.4753223955631256,
-0.9209086894989014,
-0.42844244837760925,
0.18185316026210785,
0.6552910804748535,
0.17959007620811462,
-0.19208377599716187,
-0.31472787261009216,
1.1236552000045776,
0.5597483515739441,
0.10932856798171997,
-0.1382180154323578,
0.5093376636505127,
0.8238452672958374,
0.8913991451263428,
-1.1905392408370972,
0.04152324050664902,
-0.10992729663848877,
1.1046823263168335,
0.08126848936080933,
0.5556490421295166,
0.23093101382255554,
0.16152843832969666,
0.47744667530059814,
-0.18693658709526062,
0.8081269860267639,
0.816804051399231,
-0.7453784346580505,
-0.07715657353401184,
0.2208818942308426,
-0.6637190580368042,
-0.48367708921432495,
0.6082416772842407,
1.413854718208313,
-0.11324877291917801,
1.2047338485717773,
-0.41334623098373413,
0.1878037303686142,
0.34184730052948,
0.8527442216873169,
-0.7108222246170044,
0.21948376297950745,
-0.6932635307312012,
0.30330726504325867,
-0.21147370338439941,
-1.4897043704986572,
-0.13717854022979736,
0.0776292160153389,
0.6682199835777283,
-2.3369174003601074,
0.8918823599815369,
-0.4596429169178009,
0.8263082504272461,
0.3239515423774719,
0.17406804859638214,
0.7569947242736816,
-1.2248985767364502,
-0.2253459393978119,
-0.4763798713684082,
-0.372786283493042,
-0.5933960676193237,
1.2576522827148438,
0.7590459585189819,
0.06140953302383423,
0.5541629791259766,
-0.16213205456733704,
1.575329065322876,
-0.23205552995204926,
0.42923635244369507,
0.4671969711780548,
0.27297526597976685,
-0.6434430480003357,
-0.9201062917709351,
0.35967060923576355,
0.3545699119567871,
-0.22575411200523376,
0.2889164090156555,
0.3468005955219269,
0.25133708119392395,
1.5956263542175293,
0.4069575071334839,
-0.0017050430178642273,
-0.17170947790145874,
0.1365445852279663,
-1.0630502700805664,
-0.9231817126274109,
-0.4438730776309967,
-1.3589823246002197,
-0.6852157711982727,
0.6733485460281372,
-0.8626617193222046,
-2.0035643577575684,
1.1933778524398804,
-0.12874114513397217,
-0.0750984400510788,
0.4128682017326355,
-0.5904649496078491,
-0.2144206464290619,
0.1168861836194992,
-1.5514087677001953,
0.12402581423521042,
1.0701392889022827,
0.8895465135574341,
-0.9563680291175842,
-0.40088117122650146,
0.6544474959373474,
-0.9386809468269348,
-0.6927413940429688,
-0.5980162024497986,
0.04129057377576828,
-0.27089497447013855,
0.1793586164712906,
0.1608445942401886,
-0.5903998613357544,
-0.45534586906433105,
0.3954884111881256,
-0.6832835674285889,
-0.36274296045303345,
0.25563451647758484,
-1.2189303636550903,
-2.3673458099365234,
0.23789352178573608,
0.09400106966495514,
1.1202870607376099,
0.4789079427719116,
-0.11548392474651337,
0.8768482208251953,
0.052132636308670044,
0.8917229175567627,
0.06299978494644165,
-0.17915236949920654,
-0.3327588140964508,
0.12486249208450317,
-0.3272583484649658,
-0.03378347307443619,
-0.20069557428359985,
-0.5147128105163574,
-0.3436501622200012,
0.22352296113967896,
0.4349678158760071,
0.25118929147720337,
0.9055960178375244,
0.036246150732040405,
0.3663853406906128,
-0.12676109373569489,
0.3496148884296417,
-1.810842752456665,
-0.6639506816864014,
-0.3964065909385681,
-0.3415879011154175,
-0.09902834892272949,
-0.6454968452453613,
-0.607589840888977,
0.06449034810066223,
-0.48686790466308594,
-1.1526248455047607,
1.2087693214416504,
-0.16094905138015747,
-1.1027461290359497,
0.8215663433074951,
0.49148276448249817,
0.100150465965271,
-0.2847518026828766,
-0.1986027956008911,
0.12846019864082336,
-0.9424805045127869,
0.8285704851150513,
-1.3232663869857788,
1.0675034523010254,
0.6586781740188599,
0.626771092414856,
0.6471317410469055,
-0.27839046716690063,
0.8444472551345825,
-0.43088608980178833,
-0.11469972133636475,
0.1269640326499939,
-0.7951295375823975,
-0.1517680585384369,
0.012659784406423569,
-0.23889577388763428,
-0.020411130040884018,
-0.27919912338256836,
0.6640275120735168,
-0.3125675618648529,
-0.34432387351989746,
-0.11184024810791016,
-0.09199415147304535,
-0.15069478750228882,
0.15396657586097717,
0.07627493143081665,
0.0024573951959609985,
0.7223461866378784,
-0.3357890546321869,
1.3035078048706055,
-0.27713891863822937,
0.27582669258117676,
-0.21263107657432556,
-0.28955334424972534,
0.19981075823307037,
-0.7211567163467407,
-0.014417916536331177,
0.44747674465179443,
0.6738609671592712,
0.4826299548149109,
0.6457098722457886,
-0.3657380938529968,
-0.801084041595459,
1.1439875364303589,
0.2124878168106079,
-0.4007723331451416,
0.20734158158302307,
-0.8206981420516968,
-0.24934159219264984,
0.6356865167617798,
0.17050877213478088,
0.38453209400177,
-1.1727596521377563,
0.2564299702644348,
0.7652339935302734,
-0.30547744035720825,
0.7536264657974243,
-0.4253386855125427,
-1.6631338596343994,
-0.27725064754486084,
-0.5540622472763062,
0.16636356711387634,
-0.06354351341724396,
-1.1500579118728638,
-0.06400540471076965,
0.2448631078004837,
0.14052270352840424,
-0.5512551069259644,
1.2716820240020752,
-0.9784725904464722,
0.5329737663269043,
-0.15381143987178802,
0.32517874240875244,
0.10812661051750183,
-0.044506967067718506,
0.5172988176345825,
0.6569584012031555,
0.21676664054393768,
-0.6330872774124146,
-0.9724823236465454,
-0.622487485408783,
-0.17996850609779358,
1.2960608005523682,
-0.5760858058929443,
-0.48668602108955383,
1.7277960777282715,
-0.618858277797699,
-0.3416689932346344,
-0.43835586309432983,
0.5850570201873779,
-0.008846282958984375,
-0.32711490988731384,
0.7091162204742432,
-0.28034356236457825,
0.904670238494873,
0.49056941270828247,
-0.2124137282371521,
0.9559516906738281,
-0.6510764360427856,
-0.04819105565547943,
0.2934562861919403,
0.3249731659889221,
0.4436020255088806,
0.17288383841514587,
-0.36285388469696045,
-0.8327828049659729,
-0.2418549656867981,
0.055002231150865555,
-0.11530832946300507,
-0.87850022315979,
-0.3704068958759308,
0.23542308807373047,
-0.31109926104545593,
0.4516088664531708,
0.37642407417297363
] |
does a perfect color filter violate the second law? | i have been thinking about sorting light, and what does and does not violate the second law of thermodynamics. simply put, if you take a columnated black body source (e.g., sunlight) and shine it through some filtering element, is it possible to keep all the energy in both light above and below the wavelength of the filtering element? in a practical system, you can think about a multijunction solar cell stack, where you first absorb blue light, then yellow, then red, then ir. obviously, none of these are perfect/ideal filters. there are electrical losses in each solar cell, there is free carrier absorption, and there are reflective losses from each material interface. but are these losses necessary for this type of filtering to take place? can an ideal filter theoretically exist? | i really don't see the relation with the second law of thermodynamics. then you have to define what an ideal filter is. it is possible to completely let a given wavelength/frequency pass while completely blocking another wavelength. your practical system is basically a *wavelength division multiplexing* receptor array. in that situation, i guess your "ideal filter" is a perfect rectangular filter (i.e. transmission =0 between two wavelengths, and transmission =1 elsewhere.). this is not really possible. in practice you either lose some light near the limit of "blue" and "yellow", or you have some "yellow" arriving on your blue receptor and some blue arriving on your yellow receptor. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.0349085330963135,
-0.5909686088562012,
0.6423319578170776,
0.7115288972854614,
-0.005382359027862549,
0.046751685440540314,
1.81819486618042,
-0.8079655766487122,
0.23848043382167816,
-0.28133100271224976,
1.1924214363098145,
-1.1903563737869263,
0.5350949168205261,
-0.4114394187927246,
0.4084232449531555,
1.2969000339508057,
-0.5110941529273987,
1.052865743637085,
-0.4315721392631531,
0.007073462009429932,
0.7226574420928955,
0.19625292718410492,
-1.8777629137039185,
0.14807914197444916,
-2.4266316890716553,
-0.5306346416473389,
1.5153205394744873,
-0.4370948076248169,
0.07729826867580414,
-0.29677683115005493,
-2.2110462188720703,
0.6677614450454712,
-1.2957279682159424,
-0.4377151131629944,
-0.9606013298034668,
-2.398311138153076,
-0.5849986672401428,
-0.2589467763900757,
-0.6892545819282532,
-0.4438902735710144,
0.9102326035499573,
0.22991295158863068,
0.01914876699447632,
0.7231850624084473,
-0.7205202579498291,
1.2519805431365967,
-0.2655055820941925,
0.3351146876811981,
-1.4946582317352295,
-0.38475316762924194,
-0.5783023238182068,
1.0147863626480103,
-1.8720934391021729,
1.970372200012207,
-0.9340357184410095,
1.081675410270691,
-0.12188112735748291,
0.6989861130714417,
-0.7581363916397095,
-0.6083298921585083,
-0.40203747153282166,
-0.03365860879421234,
0.419558048248291,
0.2773972451686859,
-0.04461823031306267,
-0.2862834930419922,
-1.027122974395752,
-0.7447819709777832,
0.6820406913757324,
1.205416202545166,
-0.852816641330719,
0.20295658707618713,
-0.8070042133331299,
0.3959501385688782,
0.9829261302947998,
-0.20042288303375244,
-0.1975807547569275,
1.7626088857650757,
0.6297957897186279,
1.102600336074829,
-0.2737167179584503,
-1.228454351425171,
-0.6676716804504395,
0.6954784393310547,
0.9621961712837219,
1.8903744220733643,
0.06453907489776611,
-0.4188532829284668,
-0.47486329078674316,
0.8066168427467346,
0.06112760305404663,
-0.7059841156005859,
-1.3716552257537842,
-0.09764865040779114,
-1.1005233526229858,
0.5190227627754211,
0.6823253035545349,
-1.351792812347412,
0.14044451713562012,
1.3659453392028809,
0.06113293021917343,
-0.518696665763855,
-3.2078957557678223,
-0.4042109251022339,
1.1741247177124023,
-0.8077876567840576,
1.1535097360610962,
0.5979857444763184,
-0.5410621166229248,
0.9981858730316162,
0.8054656982421875,
-1.1196019649505615,
-0.31948575377464294,
-0.538537859916687,
0.20578572154045105,
1.5559179782867432,
0.12054739892482758,
0.7505651712417603,
0.6770707964897156,
-1.2526301145553589,
-1.1139979362487793,
-0.7703975439071655,
-0.26449450850486755,
-0.48518306016921997,
0.45571020245552063,
0.3706926703453064,
0.8159622550010681,
0.9347755908966064,
1.3610260486602783,
0.09139089286327362,
0.5707991719245911,
-1.0639132261276245,
0.9260028004646301,
0.8997442126274109,
0.03694702684879303,
0.3455137014389038,
1.7542638778686523,
-0.3652576804161072,
-1.3077692985534668,
2.353874683380127,
-0.3076469600200653,
0.5640966296195984,
0.3684706687927246,
0.30559253692626953,
0.00824803113937378,
1.0623291730880737,
-0.8384369015693665,
-1.6776113510131836,
-0.6674847602844238,
-0.2311314344406128,
-1.629333257675171,
-1.5852893590927124,
-0.37624862790107727,
-0.5918453931808472,
0.8397014141082764,
0.020870454609394073,
0.31745052337646484,
1.2501341104507446,
0.7084546089172363,
0.6938692331314087,
-0.6035904884338379,
0.4067918360233307,
0.019211702048778534,
0.4639900028705597,
-0.5305725932121277,
1.7790669202804565,
0.30972418189048767,
0.3176756501197815,
0.1619521826505661,
0.7383217811584473,
0.055918216705322266,
-1.1410832405090332,
0.18184968829154968,
-2.182015895843506,
-1.5002940893173218,
-0.7164157629013062,
-2.8012497425079346,
0.9597296118736267,
0.4636317491531372,
-1.399915337562561,
0.20995602011680603,
1.1433829069137573,
1.7435767650604248,
0.5782334804534912,
-0.21553942561149597,
0.3146587014198303,
0.32718583941459656,
0.32484471797943115,
-1.0247769355773926,
0.6646788120269775,
0.8428237438201904,
-1.5548620223999023,
0.7970994710922241,
2.004047393798828,
-1.3786530494689941,
-0.9793808460235596,
-0.5242589116096497,
-1.753345251083374,
-0.13629856705665588,
-0.028536319732666016,
0.8004062175750732,
-1.3323495388031006,
1.0772898197174072,
-0.28466713428497314,
0.6556525826454163,
0.25924456119537354,
1.512723684310913,
-1.0930753946304321,
-2.1963889598846436,
1.1108657121658325,
0.5859664678573608,
-0.534699022769928,
-0.8726558089256287,
-1.9573513269424438,
0.23633310198783875,
-0.45329979062080383,
-2.559230327606201,
-1.1895800828933716,
-0.22921186685562134,
1.0629266500473022,
-0.2553951144218445,
-0.11172068119049072,
0.514096736907959,
-1.46017587184906,
-0.014147508889436722,
-0.19977012276649475,
1.1372690200805664,
1.4894559383392334,
-1.0167951583862305,
0.6375720500946045,
1.4713279008865356,
0.8574615716934204,
0.528514564037323,
2.2795863151550293,
0.44077184796333313,
0.25610634684562683,
-0.8527126908302307,
0.7927758097648621,
-0.10227447748184204,
0.11188638210296631,
0.30997586250305176,
1.8118631839752197,
-0.8009210824966431,
-0.13850954174995422,
-1.4749431610107422,
0.6217248439788818,
-0.060876429080963135,
0.08057841658592224,
-0.8337672352790833,
1.448701024055481,
0.9209293127059937,
-0.2117813527584076,
-0.9960831999778748,
0.49941831827163696,
-0.4768344461917877,
0.5407019257545471,
-1.5710620880126953,
-0.5878608226776123,
-0.7526471614837646,
-0.12490415573120117,
1.6737486124038696,
0.44370707869529724,
-0.45038771629333496,
-0.24945074319839478,
0.15530043840408325,
0.8011220693588257,
2.308413505554199,
1.0987144708633423,
-0.17518459260463715,
-1.4827797412872314,
0.5746466517448425,
-0.5478030443191528,
-1.5669523477554321,
0.3953844904899597,
1.6559031009674072,
-1.5088276863098145,
-0.5017697811126709,
0.33654099702835083,
-1.404520034790039,
0.24386146664619446,
-0.5452343225479126,
0.510503888130188,
-0.5138658881187439,
1.5140868425369263,
1.5702476501464844,
-0.9895033836364746,
-1.5282478332519531,
-1.3803364038467407,
1.6152294874191284,
-0.6688365936279297,
1.9313451051712036,
1.153344750404358,
2.5750668048858643,
-1.6086156368255615,
1.4171384572982788,
0.4090205430984497,
0.29195699095726013,
-0.2602079510688782,
1.488897681236267,
-2.0439090728759766,
0.17306789755821228,
-0.6804004311561584,
-1.0550799369812012,
0.8322606086730957,
-1.9566564559936523,
1.074068546295166,
-0.13740399479866028,
0.5017618536949158,
0.6702980995178223,
-1.26956307888031,
0.07166517525911331,
-0.2987803816795349,
0.9865850210189819,
-0.4463653266429901,
-1.2970800399780273,
1.7295230627059937,
-2.2966296672821045,
1.137815237045288,
0.8321937322616577,
0.5169352889060974,
0.2334223985671997,
-0.17942853271961212,
-0.48835164308547974,
1.7797297239303589,
0.20773424208164215,
0.4239388406276703,
-1.1063644886016846,
-2.3022284507751465,
-1.2144886255264282,
-1.3313913345336914,
-0.32948440313339233,
2.487119436264038,
0.697822093963623,
0.8141919374465942,
1.9537020921707153,
0.2535884380340576,
-0.6501772403717041,
-1.640242576599121,
-0.47467002272605896,
0.22546976804733276,
-1.1488118171691895,
-1.0808072090148926,
1.4640440940856934,
0.007891148328781128,
0.9265644550323486,
0.1995343267917633,
0.3115927577018738,
-0.1534741371870041,
0.053057216107845306,
-0.5422369241714478,
-0.21288850903511047,
0.7391713857650757,
0.38952624797821045,
1.5479493141174316,
-0.31740427017211914,
-0.5141039490699768,
-0.8402417302131653,
-0.18296171724796295,
0.5163043737411499,
0.5276656150817871,
-1.0062930583953857,
-1.3670157194137573,
-0.6655850410461426,
1.6849265098571777,
-1.1258423328399658,
0.601648211479187,
1.8063842058181763,
-0.2343987226486206,
-1.1035010814666748,
3.387871742248535,
0.2141997218132019,
0.6606978178024292,
0.45708349347114563,
-1.4253873825073242,
-1.9937598705291748,
-1.211127758026123,
1.4407328367233276,
-0.16806533932685852,
-2.8957061767578125,
0.3236232101917267,
0.4350639581680298,
1.9607224464416504,
-0.3559550642967224,
1.1575361490249634
] |
what effect of one big workout compared to several small workouts? (throughout the course of a day) | suppose i have unlimited access to my home gym and wish to do weight training. i could perform one hour long gym session. or i could perform six ten minute sessions. what would be the differences (in gains, stamina, overall health etc.) between the two methods of training. | hey guys! let's keep this on topic and scientific. no bro science please, only documented studies from journals, textbooks, etc. thank you! | 9 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.4926985502243042,
1.168036699295044,
0.7534083127975464,
-0.2635870575904846,
0.3294939696788788,
-0.16602197289466858,
0.1464429497718811,
0.30468782782554626,
0.02347828820347786,
-0.1739998310804367,
0.21940213441848755,
-0.8599263429641724,
-0.17907917499542236,
-0.3312334418296814,
-0.28122469782829285,
-0.1836695820093155,
-0.16247977316379547,
0.029118802398443222,
-0.9168248176574707,
-0.27380988001823425,
-0.19108596444129944,
0.4753783643245697,
0.6254755854606628,
-0.0039201825857162476,
-0.005432864651083946,
-0.5516894459724426,
-0.18502935767173767,
0.44329166412353516,
-0.21789729595184326,
-0.8827826976776123,
-0.4340435266494751,
0.014209821820259094,
0.23383256793022156,
-0.2705734968185425,
-0.0179415475577116,
0.21297641098499298,
0.6905657649040222,
-0.08240318298339844,
0.02204178273677826,
0.2920152246952057,
0.04058946669101715,
-0.7371370792388916,
0.5228034257888794,
0.4054618179798126,
0.033970002084970474,
0.15878769755363464,
-0.17965827882289886,
-0.18767927587032318,
-0.018487408757209778,
0.460964173078537,
0.28479647636413574,
-0.26382848620414734,
-0.17581039667129517,
0.14768078923225403,
0.07228519022464752,
-0.35605230927467346,
0.03019282966852188,
0.0970170795917511,
-0.11771104484796524,
-0.008863285183906555,
0.5616601705551147,
-0.20990654826164246,
-1.2193703651428223,
1.1686235666275024,
0.39022356271743774,
-0.31245648860931396,
-0.4948710501194,
0.07560119032859802,
-0.27792590856552124,
0.6318674683570862,
0.07208221405744553,
-0.06611284613609314,
0.35776668787002563,
-0.5287572145462036,
0.40989166498184204,
0.03434590995311737,
0.28417524695396423,
-0.33386850357055664,
-0.4224502742290497,
-0.23313450813293457,
0.502761960029602,
0.009774357080459595,
-0.3149203658103943,
-0.6952017545700073,
0.018742546439170837,
0.4786664843559265,
0.06789287179708481,
-0.22361455857753754,
-0.5403605103492737,
-0.31547045707702637,
-0.11903134733438492,
0.33538830280303955,
1.1835633516311646,
0.0459129735827446,
-0.5791826248168945,
0.5523546934127808,
-0.2511647939682007,
-0.47607141733169556,
-0.900890588760376,
0.3602725565433502,
0.41763854026794434,
0.20860673487186432,
0.3421538472175598,
-0.42687660455703735,
-0.911186695098877,
0.08554509282112122,
-0.4629722833633423,
0.1298615038394928,
0.25555360317230225,
0.03777976334095001,
-0.19484594464302063,
-0.25848427414894104,
-0.26831039786338806,
0.2821481227874756,
0.23543967306613922,
0.12440046668052673,
-0.13586068153381348,
-0.33181875944137573,
0.10805948078632355,
-0.04157751798629761,
-0.5147849917411804,
-0.3012494146823883,
0.13605861365795135,
-0.3481504023075104,
-0.7231599688529968,
-0.5003228783607483,
-0.2715441882610321,
0.776131808757782,
-0.23631693422794342,
-0.05658659338951111,
0.1749320775270462,
0.5574431419372559,
0.39029839634895325,
0.327564537525177,
-0.5808016657829285,
-0.859771728515625,
-0.8648836612701416,
-0.17779968678951263,
0.6228905320167542,
0.7249473929405212,
-0.061068251729011536,
0.4634145498275757,
-0.008819162845611572,
-0.5043434500694275,
0.4590482711791992,
0.3788753151893616,
-0.1140376403927803,
-0.14325782656669617,
-0.15255658328533173,
0.030124381184577942,
0.009836062788963318,
-0.12983277440071106,
0.9952595233917236,
0.15467245876789093,
0.43366608023643494,
-0.13017965853214264,
0.873144268989563,
0.3594988286495209,
0.3343917727470398,
0.06488348543643951,
-0.7885059118270874,
-0.17752313613891602,
0.3240323066711426,
-0.24279797077178955,
-0.8001323938369751,
-0.6365256309509277,
0.09310422837734222,
0.27836090326309204,
0.3926647901535034,
0.24707897007465363,
-0.19050078094005585,
0.15522128343582153,
0.2259441614151001,
-0.334430992603302,
0.1231863796710968,
0.04481940716505051,
0.9111954569816589,
0.06486339867115021,
-0.05052904784679413,
0.5754199028015137,
-0.7142096161842346,
-0.8251873850822449,
0.37569659948349,
0.16520127654075623,
-0.1756284236907959,
0.3419548273086548,
-0.443419873714447,
0.006041686981916428,
-0.10136032849550247,
0.5568782091140747,
0.07208428531885147,
-0.4935773015022278,
-0.12730705738067627,
-0.12508930265903473,
-0.26169341802597046,
0.40089675784111023,
0.2496785819530487,
-0.29739540815353394,
-0.4226519763469696,
-0.3700941801071167,
-0.062395915389060974,
-0.543926477432251,
0.7255096435546875,
-0.5069807767868042,
0.196724072098732,
-0.5385323762893677,
0.6570926308631897,
0.12922608852386475,
-0.25880563259124756,
0.524924099445343,
-0.24969737231731415,
-0.57163006067276,
-0.28417572379112244,
-0.30972906947135925,
-0.08789510279893875,
0.7224067449569702,
0.20264726877212524,
0.43896156549453735,
-0.32032614946365356,
0.18496112525463104,
0.72119140625,
0.2457779347896576,
-0.5808051824569702,
-0.8364646434783936,
-0.11399399489164352,
-0.3015720844268799,
-0.40382248163223267,
0.16964831948280334,
0.5600576996803284,
0.16505733132362366,
-0.1036648154258728,
0.8199621438980103,
0.12935619056224823,
0.47066351771354675,
0.43075770139694214,
-0.26284125447273254,
-0.5240435600280762,
-0.5136983394622803,
-0.043838053941726685,
-0.1247473657131195,
-0.03930678963661194,
-0.4213840961456299,
-0.3271857500076294,
0.28389716148376465,
0.1459786593914032,
0.38522231578826904,
-0.10387738794088364,
0.8353859186172485,
-0.682978630065918,
0.5930721759796143,
-0.775249719619751,
-0.9325261116027832,
-0.3066239058971405,
0.5721151232719421,
0.17969517409801483,
0.22867371141910553,
-0.26649075746536255,
0.044158391654491425,
0.2743849754333496,
0.11780673265457153,
1.356947898864746,
-0.5511879324913025,
-0.44390833377838135,
-0.7173852324485779,
0.6014648675918579,
-0.0070313215255737305,
0.639840841293335,
0.5151075720787048,
-0.2481224536895752,
0.15609750151634216,
-0.49451738595962524,
-0.6431306600570679,
0.02213233709335327,
-0.020216792821884155,
0.007227867841720581,
-0.29711589217185974,
-0.15867944061756134,
-0.5737035274505615,
0.018734708428382874,
0.29105144739151,
0.0879208892583847,
-0.46497946977615356,
0.39309531450271606,
0.218666672706604,
-0.9913886189460754,
-0.09668809920549393,
0.24557200074195862,
0.014580242335796356,
0.336594820022583,
0.20366495847702026,
0.09771136939525604,
1.0176541805267334,
-0.22910548746585846,
-0.2844729423522949,
0.05120602250099182,
0.7770107984542847,
-0.1802789866924286,
0.15926037728786469,
-0.12975463271141052,
0.18049606680870056,
0.00005373358726501465,
-0.5084721446037292,
-0.09721076488494873,
-0.016450166702270508,
0.42865416407585144,
-0.125554621219635,
-0.22912976145744324,
0.7346112132072449,
-0.1382160484790802,
-0.5129441022872925,
-0.12673190236091614,
0.006536118686199188,
0.6232045888900757,
0.8164404630661011,
0.6210172176361084,
-0.21691881120204926,
-0.16336065530776978,
0.5461008548736572,
1.1492252349853516,
-0.29583215713500977,
0.316653847694397,
0.2278694212436676,
0.32513415813446045,
0.15921685099601746,
-0.2143365740776062,
0.05220349133014679,
0.41008955240249634,
-0.4392949640750885,
-0.041210711002349854,
0.37675392627716064,
-0.22498482465744019,
0.42881640791893005,
-0.19537033140659332,
0.07366208732128143,
0.4597662091255188,
-0.37334465980529785,
0.013504013419151306,
-0.3010197579860687,
-0.2840093970298767,
-0.10001607984304428,
0.057539328932762146,
0.5933578014373779,
-0.008846893906593323,
0.13615389168262482,
-0.040597230195999146,
0.04200545698404312,
0.41867512464523315,
0.4263884425163269,
-0.39406877756118774,
-0.1538209468126297,
0.6149629354476929,
0.7301943302154541,
-0.6482475996017456,
-0.5804010629653931,
-0.15178793668746948,
-0.6964903473854065,
0.7569981813430786,
-0.30970484018325806,
0.0701579749584198,
-0.6639242172241211,
0.321781188249588,
-0.16470541059970856,
-0.07422144711017609,
1.2630894184112549,
0.0677422434091568,
0.438198983669281,
-0.09529152512550354,
0.2762875556945801,
-0.5887231826782227,
0.21412374079227448,
-0.2342972308397293,
0.31105518341064453,
0.6392877101898193,
-0.24702340364456177,
-0.12844987213611603,
-0.3563860356807709,
0.31526505947113037,
-0.05249728262424469,
-0.4946559965610504,
-0.1116689145565033,
0.15924710035324097,
-0.4055299758911133,
1.2234058380126953,
-0.1308419406414032
] |
can electroweak unification be observed by simply moving your frame of reference fast enough? | in [this](_url_0_), the issue of unification energies came up, and now i'm curious: can you move so fast that the apparent energy content of a photon is so high that it surpasses unification energy and becomes indistinguishable from w and z bosons? if so, what does it "look like" when that threshold is crossed? how does this perspective shift give rise to the unification of otherwise distinct particles? | in any collision, the relative momentum between particles is what's called a "lorentz invariant" - it's measured to be the same by all observers. this means that all observers agree on how "strong", or energetic, a collision is. the reason why we don't see the effects of the weak force in everyday life is that this collision energy is normally much less than the mass of the weak force carriers. for example, z boson exchange contributes to electron-electron scattering, but the relative momentum between incoming electrons would have to be very high in order for this effect to be comparable to that of photon exchange. also, regarding the masses of force carriers, i think you may be confusing the mass of a particle with its momentum. no matter how high a photon's momentum appears to be, it will always be massless. the mass of a particle is also a lorentz-invariant quantity. this means that a photon and a z boson will always be distinguishable. however, measuring the mass of the z boson is difficult when the collision energies are much higher than the z boson mass. in other words, for very energetic collisions, the z boson appears to be massless. so, it's the z and w's that begin to look more and more like photons at high energies, not the other way around. | 4 | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/k7t78/is_there_a_limit_on_how_small_the_wavelength_of/"
] | [] | [
-4.44853401184082,
1.3402400016784668,
-0.1590898633003235,
2.1238045692443848,
0.42100316286087036,
-1.8441327810287476,
1.5277677774429321,
0.9304159879684448,
3.1690146923065186,
-1.1128627061843872,
3.2098894119262695,
-0.005056440830230713,
0.41105377674102783,
-0.9368618130683899,
1.2067875862121582,
-1.4061906337738037,
-0.7097105383872986,
-0.15369348227977753,
-5.123846530914307,
2.385875701904297,
-1.1668834686279297,
-2.0224061012268066,
0.9058592915534973,
-1.160248041152954,
-0.24127107858657837,
0.3614591360092163,
0.5786608457565308,
-0.7554709911346436,
0.5963011384010315,
1.7463574409484863,
2.095973253250122,
0.2360599935054779,
0.30738934874534607,
0.048279061913490295,
-0.30714356899261475,
-0.6796939969062805,
2.335577964782715,
-1.7633470296859741,
-0.2768574357032776,
-0.8897868990898132,
-0.4590989649295807,
-0.23786024749279022,
2.1986405849456787,
0.1871996521949768,
-0.9584466218948364,
0.326963871717453,
1.3431304693222046,
0.3414933681488037,
-1.6066328287124634,
-1.615484356880188,
-1.7405290603637695,
0.22757557034492493,
-0.7835656404495239,
-0.9067381620407104,
-0.044402167201042175,
1.9363999366760254,
3.8492698669433594,
-2.2931432723999023,
0.1999441385269165,
-2.133422374725342,
0.09137833118438721,
0.3550706207752228,
-0.973321795463562,
1.9819343090057373,
4.787609577178955,
-0.6204954385757446,
0.3044017255306244,
0.08422143012285233,
-1.953884243965149,
2.4985411167144775,
2.7113029956817627,
1.279893159866333,
-2.1714084148406982,
0.6053513884544373,
1.7243860960006714,
-0.40533965826034546,
1.1795628070831299,
1.3208690881729126,
0.3868430554866791,
1.0399169921875,
0.8727772235870361,
-2.909682512283325,
-2.117220640182495,
-1.3063523769378662,
-0.648673415184021,
2.8657455444335938,
0.37084633111953735,
-0.4078543186187744,
0.6035111546516418,
-0.42536866664886475,
-3.397106409072876,
0.7475637197494507,
-2.803253650665283,
0.2894633412361145,
0.7494576573371887,
3.148606061935425,
2.0186450481414795,
-1.1231975555419922,
0.7337572574615479,
0.22754371166229248,
0.5222707986831665,
0.6355757713317871,
-1.7618250846862793,
2.684767484664917,
-2.5027754306793213,
1.3276938199996948,
-0.7833313345909119,
2.3987319469451904,
-0.3861008882522583,
0.6364216804504395,
1.802690863609314,
-1.4391543865203857,
-0.24077335000038147,
-1.5252976417541504,
-0.3037102520465851,
-1.5913125276565552,
2.0171375274658203,
3.9313583374023438,
-1.0779590606689453,
-1.3883812427520752,
-3.0622406005859375,
-2.2847213745117188,
-1.5532832145690918,
-3.071099281311035,
1.6149954795837402,
-0.6662284731864929,
-1.3167082071304321,
1.011540412902832,
-1.201438069343567,
-0.5060146450996399,
1.8464988470077515,
-4.3266987800598145,
-2.6830508708953857,
0.5769267678260803,
-1.1037131547927856,
0.6783376932144165,
2.235783100128174,
-0.5970315933227539,
-2.5475780963897705,
4.28021764755249,
2.3299269676208496,
0.5875685811042786,
-0.028925836086273193,
-1.6160730123519897,
0.3810010850429535,
0.9598757028579712,
-0.024735450744628906,
-0.2771681845188141,
0.14672693610191345,
-1.03652024269104,
-1.8979077339172363,
-1.1901577711105347,
2.232423782348633,
-1.6637053489685059,
0.8135033845901489,
-0.4961623549461365,
-0.7201961278915405,
0.7626670598983765,
-0.8449499607086182,
4.076423645019531,
-0.362652450799942,
1.2927725315093994,
-0.8566484451293945,
-0.18952955305576324,
-1.35286283493042,
1.1572704315185547,
0.9236129522323608,
-2.9105072021484375,
1.5756747722625732,
-0.3102063834667206,
-2.423344373703003,
0.13706111907958984,
-0.6015008687973022,
-0.6228339076042175,
0.4086781144142151,
-1.654425024986267,
-3.2328357696533203,
-1.0494545698165894,
0.347390741109848,
0.5844998359680176,
-0.9035879969596863,
0.0017296746373176575,
5.479496002197266,
-0.31691789627075195,
0.1944948136806488,
1.064450979232788,
0.45234477519989014,
-1.040582537651062,
0.5593773722648621,
-0.893854022026062,
2.3524816036224365,
0.9510291814804077,
2.407877206802368,
-0.22954756021499634,
-1.3910179138183594,
-2.7903614044189453,
-2.087851047515869,
0.003588413819670677,
0.1319185346364975,
1.7514705657958984,
0.01638592779636383,
-3.141767978668213,
1.959363579750061,
0.8851934671401978,
1.2236649990081787,
-0.0639418363571167,
1.9535963535308838,
1.715198040008545,
-3.361527919769287,
0.5893844366073608,
-0.19422167539596558,
-4.207863807678223,
-3.0918850898742676,
1.2102693319320679,
-1.6126540899276733,
-0.8711394667625427,
-1.9284992218017578,
-3.649878978729248,
1.5831184387207031,
-0.9585627913475037,
1.0766221284866333,
-0.007737219333648682,
-2.8108303546905518,
-2.3233840465545654,
-1.1775306463241577,
-0.8945133686065674,
-0.09415094554424286,
1.249883770942688,
-0.10602959990501404,
1.8759732246398926,
-1.5644646883010864,
-0.5242146849632263,
1.835282564163208,
1.6521106958389282,
1.8763980865478516,
-1.846890926361084,
-4.579365253448486,
0.6330246925354004,
0.8999950885772705,
-3.3371429443359375,
2.3464369773864746,
-1.3873748779296875,
0.8352420926094055,
-0.05881383270025253,
3.2855172157287598,
0.8365822434425354,
2.4045372009277344,
-1.5182791948318481,
-0.7260273694992065,
0.05267252027988434,
-0.28136518597602844,
-3.2275681495666504,
0.33977100253105164,
0.6612409949302673,
2.0514543056488037,
0.5458717346191406,
1.7265682220458984,
-1.3716278076171875,
-0.2763519883155823,
0.38693398237228394,
1.8205299377441406,
1.0821515321731567,
0.7553057074546814,
-4.726661205291748,
-2.2729296684265137,
3.4099113941192627,
3.9303858280181885,
1.7819206714630127,
-1.8541615009307861,
-1.8062037229537964,
2.5019912719726562,
0.3701866865158081,
-0.896873950958252,
-1.5755013227462769,
1.3442418575286865,
-1.4595805406570435,
-1.4606480598449707,
-0.6757702231407166,
-2.4143481254577637,
1.758791208267212,
1.0974241495132446,
-0.6787630319595337,
-0.6664506196975708,
-0.8195720314979553,
1.6024655103683472,
-2.166717529296875,
-1.0327563285827637,
1.3680251836776733,
0.4958183765411377,
0.6776716113090515,
-1.1518340110778809,
3.7499759197235107,
1.420271635055542,
-0.9577306509017944,
2.242487668991089,
1.434913992881775,
0.7495442628860474,
0.775127649307251,
0.11086626350879669,
-0.8529320359230042,
1.9159129858016968,
-2.9329376220703125,
-1.6421200037002563,
0.2720012068748474,
-3.022198438644409,
1.1149251461029053,
0.3353042006492615,
0.39681175351142883,
-1.1150760650634766,
-1.830054759979248,
-3.6784136295318604,
-2.2771852016448975,
2.1032440662384033,
1.654056191444397,
-3.0279853343963623,
1.2039378881454468,
1.935262680053711,
1.8861438035964966,
1.8696081638336182,
0.6394020318984985,
0.2849791646003723,
-1.4160079956054688,
-0.018303096294403076,
-1.2520816326141357,
1.8215851783752441,
1.7696983814239502,
-0.3206891417503357,
-3.340303897857666,
1.080885410308838,
2.003865957260132,
0.5267200469970703,
-1.5039483308792114,
1.3469399213790894,
-1.1279675960540771,
3.4719715118408203,
1.2803328037261963,
-1.176575779914856,
-3.929722547531128,
-1.060469627380371,
2.9049441814422607,
1.0176539421081543,
0.5066701769828796,
1.781750202178955,
1.2601919174194336,
-0.27142882347106934,
1.1821949481964111,
-2.7256994247436523,
-1.8034405708312988,
-2.5716447830200195,
-0.40651577711105347,
-2.8297061920166016,
2.748457908630371,
2.5340983867645264,
1.3487954139709473,
1.6041799783706665,
-1.4811878204345703,
-0.34254154562950134,
1.0238975286483765,
-2.821690797805786,
1.4717689752578735,
0.13584870100021362,
0.11498546600341797,
0.1196863129734993,
5.0966973304748535,
0.8678409457206726,
3.499537706375122,
-0.4147384762763977,
-0.8814065456390381,
-1.467478632926941,
1.5981016159057617,
-0.1277211457490921,
2.204496383666992,
0.9504082202911377,
-3.4159693717956543,
-1.3339873552322388,
-0.08714444935321808,
-1.746614933013916,
1.2133179903030396,
-1.3903728723526,
0.4804133176803589,
2.8675975799560547,
-0.5192734003067017,
1.465017318725586,
1.365403652191162
] |
would it be accurate to say the human body is a bunch of chemical reactions? | perhaps with some energy transfer and such... | yes-ish, but in the same sense you could say that of just about everything. the real thing that makes life, well, life, and distinguishes from the "bunch of chemical reactions" happening in your car's engine and in the atmosphere and and in your (dead) food as you cook it is that it's a set of chemical reactions that, on the whole, are self-reproducing. i think the really interesting characteristics that allow life to do this--that is, reproduce--are not the presence of said chemical reactions but rather their compartmentalization or control. my boss (a professor of biochemistry and cell biology), being a lipidy sort of guy, likes to say that one of the keys to life is containing aqueous chemistry underwater. there's an interesting essay on the subject of what makes life, life by daniel koshland [here](_url_0_). | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/295/5563/2215.long"
] | [
-2.328948736190796,
0.29792797565460205,
-0.4023343622684479,
0.35772189497947693,
-0.3592142164707184,
-0.9528071880340576,
3.18005633354187,
0.39932817220687866,
1.2097928524017334,
0.2528918981552124,
0.5146753191947937,
-0.4768882989883423,
0.27398261427879333,
0.11285658180713654,
0.5863903164863586,
-0.630153238773346,
0.39283835887908936,
-0.7399388551712036,
-2.742478847503662,
-0.06213974952697754,
1.2729346752166748,
1.5041831731796265,
0.5525642037391663,
-0.08451738208532333,
-1.1727938652038574,
0.7834380865097046,
-0.32726824283599854,
0.5836101770401001,
-0.5673925280570984,
0.02528756484389305,
0.7523702383041382,
1.896784782409668,
0.06998737156391144,
-0.9426752328872681,
-0.1657259464263916,
1.2720038890838623,
-0.9556571841239929,
0.3371385931968689,
0.5103805065155029,
-1.2641487121582031,
-0.09856581687927246,
-1.0008337497711182,
-0.38792166113853455,
0.7152951955795288,
-0.25725001096725464,
-0.7082042694091797,
0.3726669251918793,
-1.5216413736343384,
-0.4465098977088928,
-1.0271296501159668,
-2.6205098628997803,
-0.0572085827589035,
-1.3716099262237549,
0.26895374059677124,
0.8860787153244019,
-1.0238587856292725,
-0.2784787118434906,
-0.41396364569664,
-0.8053340911865234,
-0.9975029826164246,
0.0076358504593372345,
-1.116911768913269,
-0.7235245108604431,
2.0212349891662598,
1.6213093996047974,
0.4454154968261719,
0.49509796500205994,
-0.16626590490341187,
-1.595497965812683,
0.616829514503479,
0.12574402987957,
-0.4826478958129883,
-0.2507860064506531,
-0.374339759349823,
0.5148985385894775,
-0.00486443005502224,
-0.4203706979751587,
-0.4744771718978882,
-1.2957994937896729,
-0.06876686215400696,
0.9530795812606812,
-1.4440891742706299,
-1.1085665225982666,
-0.17774206399917603,
-2.7419230937957764,
1.9968383312225342,
0.7089917659759521,
-1.3381671905517578,
0.390105277299881,
1.694517970085144,
-2.449005603790283,
0.0072663575410842896,
0.8613265752792358,
-0.3156525790691376,
-0.2992912828922272,
1.1376357078552246,
-0.18093633651733398,
-1.350954294204712,
1.2675862312316895,
-0.7352511286735535,
-0.669757068157196,
1.5720634460449219,
-1.75359046459198,
-1.28196382522583,
0.12319929897785187,
-0.928536057472229,
-0.7988808155059814,
2.061478853225708,
0.43852949142456055,
0.8097143769264221,
-2.3259449005126953,
-0.7371997833251953,
0.4574982225894928,
-1.449015498161316,
0.017729103565216064,
-0.23811522126197815,
0.46869421005249023,
-0.5491183996200562,
-0.5038732886314392,
-1.755014419555664,
-0.26317042112350464,
0.5917358994483948,
0.23230886459350586,
0.513217031955719,
0.6461734175682068,
-1.076155662536621,
1.4429577589035034,
2.063481092453003,
0.8201122283935547,
0.11545012891292572,
2.3048813343048096,
0.4585120677947998,
0.46181464195251465,
1.229231595993042,
-1.6368722915649414,
-1.2095412015914917,
2.32232666015625,
0.8737187385559082,
-0.655096709728241,
1.3501605987548828,
-1.4105364084243774,
0.9415605068206787,
-0.20182043313980103,
0.04657582938671112,
-2.4362335205078125,
0.114411860704422,
0.8101580142974854,
-0.5047044157981873,
-0.6057969331741333,
0.9271844029426575,
-1.5574288368225098,
-0.42052215337753296,
0.46066737174987793,
0.11223596334457397,
-0.35766056180000305,
-0.05086188018321991,
-0.5418545603752136,
0.33219388127326965,
0.22472123801708221,
1.905592918395996,
-2.2944650650024414,
0.17035368084907532,
0.007876850664615631,
0.35971304774284363,
-1.6901862621307373,
-0.13607001304626465,
0.3474111258983612,
0.010599225759506226,
-0.25447526574134827,
-0.1817569136619568,
-0.06304213404655457,
-0.0646221935749054,
0.2300388664007187,
-0.2824539840221405,
-0.6202646493911743,
1.6037790775299072,
-0.6435979604721069,
-0.9119776487350464,
0.5273668766021729,
1.9441889524459839,
1.5969667434692383,
0.12791113555431366,
-0.13605232536792755,
0.7885885834693909,
-0.30006179213523865,
-0.11290185153484344,
-0.02614547312259674,
0.8053326606750488,
-1.6225804090499878,
-0.05349560081958771,
-0.3068397045135498,
0.4593195915222168,
0.530445396900177,
0.31186923384666443,
-0.8116553425788879,
-0.9923651218414307,
0.4204760491847992,
0.5917770862579346,
-0.17367102205753326,
-0.7777209877967834,
-0.3096197843551636,
0.5441651940345764,
-0.3818788528442383,
-1.6358026266098022,
0.6055527925491333,
-0.42029255628585815,
0.26362767815589905,
2.5181143283843994,
-0.24668902158737183,
-0.2812984883785248,
-1.4767686128616333,
-1.6237066984176636,
-0.2842055857181549,
0.06040135771036148,
-0.5041219592094421,
-0.2796163558959961,
0.12474090605974197,
1.6132222414016724,
-0.38016581535339355,
-0.43960538506507874,
1.551379919052124,
-0.8119750618934631,
-0.40404629707336426,
-2.606454372406006,
0.3226293921470642,
-0.8667198419570923,
-0.10836916416883469,
1.4098265171051025,
0.9761339426040649,
0.5867846012115479,
-0.9560328125953674,
-0.34432125091552734,
1.1940007209777832,
1.2842704057693481,
-0.7225849628448486,
0.33057695627212524,
1.7905410528182983,
-0.4852822422981262,
-1.0157885551452637,
-1.4005002975463867,
-0.048520758748054504,
-0.35845237970352173,
-0.45290958881378174,
0.16692423820495605,
-0.611091673374176,
0.8101308941841125,
-1.8691248893737793,
1.0755257606506348,
-0.294948548078537,
1.4910649061203003,
-1.3410074710845947,
0.78033447265625,
0.16174674034118652,
1.1674368381500244,
0.39800703525543213,
1.4609230756759644,
-1.6345760822296143,
-0.9649656414985657,
-0.3532494604587555,
-0.14081844687461853,
0.3949812054634094,
-0.44399571418762207,
-0.8257547616958618,
-1.7119680643081665,
0.15905427932739258,
-0.12918223440647125,
-0.7777583003044128,
2.3634161949157715,
-0.6834201812744141,
-0.47220784425735474,
-0.23556891083717346,
-1.5233100652694702,
0.87498939037323,
0.6092444062232971,
0.795063853263855,
-0.43793824315071106,
-1.4197514057159424,
-1.8262038230895996,
0.26893773674964905,
1.1411101818084717,
0.8836292624473572,
-3.3253772258758545,
0.09588870406150818,
0.4297291338443756,
1.0331289768218994,
0.5870965123176575,
2.197587490081787,
1.4372072219848633,
-1.3761131763458252,
-0.06309565156698227,
0.1937207132577896,
1.7034294605255127,
1.1359820365905762,
-0.8381683826446533,
2.5367865562438965,
-1.0611379146575928,
-0.7131828665733337,
0.8025211691856384,
0.8637570738792419,
0.5379400253295898,
-0.17293259501457214,
-0.9736396074295044,
-0.5705745816230774,
0.025745714083313942,
-0.4589537978172302,
0.5982190370559692,
0.8187767267227173,
0.6543064117431641,
1.1964457035064697,
-1.1832680702209473,
-1.4178080558776855,
-0.06993597000837326,
1.3431811332702637,
-0.618937075138092,
-0.580958366394043,
-0.7333061099052429,
-2.1401679515838623,
0.7269043922424316,
-0.559481680393219,
0.14832666516304016,
1.171712875366211,
-0.6557218432426453,
1.4033558368682861,
1.830971598625183,
-1.2986112833023071,
0.4452897310256958,
2.4885478019714355,
-0.7660866379737854,
-1.3773772716522217,
-0.08014091104269028,
0.20423609018325806,
2.465771436691284,
0.7659676671028137,
1.6079583168029785,
1.635593056678772,
0.5803333520889282,
-0.5162959098815918,
-0.4357975423336029,
-1.0079209804534912,
-0.17021924257278442,
1.1466244459152222,
-0.7650365829467773,
0.7561670541763306,
-0.08083072304725647,
0.37932050228118896,
-0.09521385282278061,
0.47364068031311035,
0.1946890950202942,
-2.317556858062744,
1.5156656503677368,
0.5012995600700378,
1.1397050619125366,
-0.1620377153158188,
1.9395601749420166,
1.6666570901870728,
-2.073528289794922,
-0.18990617990493774,
0.3732118010520935,
-0.3468688130378723,
-0.8659703731536865,
-0.8523723483085632,
0.4488387703895569,
-0.28478527069091797,
2.4118356704711914,
-0.9423955678939819,
1.655371069908142,
-0.35250404477119446,
0.38436445593833923,
-0.2084893435239792,
1.6089272499084473,
0.8370652794837952,
1.4299914836883545,
0.8196269273757935,
-1.531937599182129,
-0.44427114725112915,
1.0944397449493408,
-0.4162657558917999,
1.004517674446106,
-0.6280717849731445,
0.1952623724937439,
1.588610053062439,
0.5218105912208557,
3.2370588779449463,
0.29584407806396484
] |
how long will it take for the cmb to be undetectable? | maybe not totally undetectable, but lets say conceivably undetectable (wavelength the size of the solar system or something like that). | about 50 times the current age of the universe. [the return of a static universe and the end of cosmology lawrence m. krauss · robert j. scherrer](_url_0_). after about 100 billion years the only thing visible in the sky will be the gravitationally bound local group. all evidence of the hubble expansion will be in detectable. | 12 | [] | [] | [
"http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/748/art%253A10.1007%252Fs10714-007-0472-9.pdf?auth66=1421453980_110aa5bd3b2348d86d4a14866dc740c3&amp;ext=.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_horizon"
] | [
-0.4081755578517914,
0.3410854637622833,
0.3962162137031555,
0.015733584761619568,
0.5009852051734924,
0.1652732789516449,
-0.5385345816612244,
-0.34694549441337585,
0.19555379450321198,
-0.14243824779987335,
0.33374398946762085,
-0.4130103886127472,
-0.005781225860118866,
-0.09637457877397537,
0.030112043023109436,
0.10415846109390259,
-0.7536443471908569,
-1.1694692373275757,
-1.1247038841247559,
-0.3707180619239807,
0.6884980797767639,
0.06815623492002487,
-0.14673496782779694,
-0.21152839064598083,
-0.36447516083717346,
-0.8189300298690796,
-0.8131328821182251,
-0.7965588569641113,
0.20861268043518066,
-0.19827231764793396,
0.20175355672836304,
0.2617286145687103,
-0.13330182433128357,
0.04039602354168892,
0.20312857627868652,
0.006233647465705872,
0.5424572229385376,
-0.27401435375213623,
-0.2570476531982422,
0.3572426438331604,
-0.0760745257139206,
-0.2981751561164856,
-0.24671785533428192,
0.12763261795043945,
0.020138558000326157,
-0.06029433012008667,
-0.1603640913963318,
0.32285866141319275,
-0.6298663020133972,
0.27916404604911804,
-0.8039982914924622,
-0.5670657157897949,
0.22983402013778687,
-0.09762522578239441,
-0.1751864105463028,
0.22422772645950317,
0.563463032245636,
-1.2529863119125366,
0.9242624044418335,
-1.3374565839767456,
0.6014369130134583,
-0.2627705931663513,
-0.3172164857387543,
0.4780530631542206,
1.0267430543899536,
0.5529219508171082,
0.21401119232177734,
-0.5378742218017578,
-0.2285468578338623,
0.7228567600250244,
-0.3696487247943878,
0.4204554557800293,
-1.1933015584945679,
-0.8317683339118958,
0.3447650969028473,
-0.5737215280532837,
-0.17288529872894287,
0.5760306119918823,
0.5258333683013916,
-0.30681312084198,
0.39144277572631836,
-0.6844778060913086,
-0.6314481496810913,
-0.43190228939056396,
-0.19746476411819458,
0.42208629846572876,
-0.4061335027217865,
0.19754858314990997,
0.15215089917182922,
-0.4824739694595337,
-1.2777738571166992,
-0.22902902960777283,
-0.28864890336990356,
0.26322615146636963,
-0.5395867228507996,
0.6374033093452454,
0.06576655060052872,
-0.7604700922966003,
0.915894627571106,
0.3165944218635559,
-0.8883020877838135,
0.5089942812919617,
-0.43829017877578735,
1.0942741632461548,
-0.21238422393798828,
0.15945115685462952,
0.32857924699783325,
0.8920943737030029,
0.5246332287788391,
0.4746318459510803,
0.32596200704574585,
-0.39950796961784363,
1.180253267288208,
-0.2163330763578415,
0.002818748354911804,
-0.7881121635437012,
0.9384120106697083,
0.7172991037368774,
-0.6166315078735352,
-0.5181570649147034,
0.2608731985092163,
0.21083882451057434,
0.959164023399353,
0.11049933731555939,
0.5880930423736572,
0.5618915557861328,
0.6383842825889587,
0.8461716175079346,
-0.03625626116991043,
-0.39604008197784424,
0.4848032295703888,
-0.3703095316886902,
-0.28423207998275757,
0.13697320222854614,
0.09556413441896439,
-0.3647332787513733,
0.494223415851593,
-0.7143595218658447,
-0.5035058259963989,
0.5680683851242065,
-0.5254963636398315,
0.07827679812908173,
0.4874454736709595,
0.11251990497112274,
0.9425125122070312,
0.9910517930984497,
0.8453831672668457,
0.15213851630687714,
-0.23641449213027954,
-1.1150158643722534,
-0.47171294689178467,
-0.8554479479789734,
0.4629966616630554,
0.1754678338766098,
0.3827008008956909,
0.5535331964492798,
0.33224886655807495,
-0.08520430326461792,
-0.11652638018131256,
0.6658227443695068,
-0.7019398808479309,
1.204172134399414,
0.16126300394535065,
-0.00382436066865921,
0.3336024582386017,
0.3019680976867676,
0.18783238530158997,
-0.024602584540843964,
0.8644553422927856,
-0.15469524264335632,
0.13033583760261536,
-0.6866573095321655,
-0.04550692439079285,
-0.2091289758682251,
0.39162594079971313,
-0.5722788572311401,
-0.2196417599916458,
0.09150822460651398,
-0.05739232897758484,
0.7363899946212769,
-0.997549831867218,
-0.6461446285247803,
1.0858235359191895,
-0.31522369384765625,
-0.5547120571136475,
0.06542687863111496,
0.46807923913002014,
1.014351725578308,
-0.15931665897369385,
-0.11189131438732147,
1.3520333766937256,
0.6734470129013062,
-0.4093582034111023,
-0.023159470409154892,
-0.26114344596862793,
-0.5003834962844849,
-0.6231818199157715,
0.47879931330680847,
0.09848210960626602,
0.07556597888469696,
-0.7167446613311768,
-0.25550544261932373,
0.5100540518760681,
-0.6351948976516724,
0.8715106248855591,
-0.1205054223537445,
0.28354987502098083,
1.2643424272537231,
0.22828242182731628,
-0.1171291172504425,
0.16554942727088928,
-0.7812147736549377,
-0.31198257207870483,
-0.7668405175209045,
-0.41694092750549316,
0.9568494558334351,
-0.10173128545284271,
-1.392108678817749,
-0.6906970143318176,
-0.03163238614797592,
0.9023227691650391,
-0.20332860946655273,
-0.8600951433181763,
-0.916972279548645,
-0.1725722998380661,
-0.803145170211792,
-0.1514914333820343,
0.7203641533851624,
-0.11761981248855591,
0.4710034132003784,
-0.42624348402023315,
1.1118199825286865,
0.22143732011318207,
0.055477797985076904,
1.336890697479248,
-0.45279085636138916,
0.5428978204727173,
-0.2636752128601074,
-0.3086174726486206,
-0.20246323943138123,
0.03735991567373276,
-0.7108929753303528,
-0.6265468001365662,
-0.13740918040275574,
-0.1767611801624298,
-1.0749545097351074,
-1.234031319618225,
-0.3333565592765808,
0.4382118582725525,
0.3301110863685608,
0.2569197714328766,
-0.2051316201686859,
-0.5730655193328857,
0.025088943541049957,
0.46668195724487305,
-0.18211393058300018,
-0.5725879073143005,
0.5853350758552551,
0.028850369155406952,
0.459423303604126,
0.4621399939060211,
-0.18915623426437378,
-0.26733332872390747,
-0.19222667813301086,
0.43300458788871765,
0.6782022714614868,
-0.15499484539031982,
0.02415028214454651,
-0.6083702445030212,
-0.26860395073890686,
0.15834367275238037,
0.9366226196289062,
-0.2261303961277008,
0.037101440131664276,
0.36311131715774536,
0.2193370759487152,
0.9659685492515564,
-1.0737963914871216,
-0.6168326139450073,
0.9746679067611694,
-0.11937719583511353,
0.20138520002365112,
0.41892626881599426,
-0.603736162185669,
-0.8640575408935547,
-0.68857342004776,
0.7159163951873779,
0.5741046667098999,
0.27751651406288147,
-0.5291325449943542,
-0.044959068298339844,
1.5358778238296509,
-0.48007896542549133,
-0.0802653580904007,
1.5379164218902588,
-0.3519860506057739,
-1.975273847579956,
0.06919468939304352,
0.660307765007019,
0.11653988808393478,
0.6648473739624023,
-0.16762758791446686,
-0.10073786973953247,
0.05226094275712967,
-0.08975496888160706,
0.5662872195243835,
1.63892662525177,
0.04577922821044922,
0.8465541005134583,
-0.84893399477005,
-0.3254634141921997,
-1.529428482055664,
0.41652071475982666,
0.8675862550735474,
-0.8280981779098511,
-0.17105188965797424,
-1.1748454570770264,
0.8354114294052124,
0.8092389702796936,
0.03784683719277382,
0.0919189304113388,
0.25024327635765076,
0.09764866530895233,
-0.25905728340148926,
0.7149007320404053,
0.056721657514572144,
0.9221187233924866,
-0.1221131682395935,
-0.542024552822113,
0.3929361402988434,
0.22713778913021088,
-0.15266786515712738,
0.6457293629646301,
-0.14675910770893097,
0.7743335962295532,
0.38021817803382874,
-0.9078734517097473,
-1.0532516241073608,
-0.6513949632644653,
0.9618216753005981,
-0.04481533542275429,
0.5462271571159363,
0.6678550243377686,
-0.07168973982334137,
-0.10777141153812408,
-0.026462890207767487,
-0.28184279799461365,
0.44421181082725525,
-0.3589208126068115,
0.3455546498298645,
-0.1726963073015213,
0.19807162880897522,
-0.2922038733959198,
-0.21615904569625854,
-0.30125463008880615,
-0.18278345465660095,
-0.9888087511062622,
0.3248455822467804,
-0.4253343343734741,
0.9056665301322937,
0.5680049061775208,
0.4066154658794403,
0.35642021894454956,
1.1914061307907104,
-0.6191914081573486,
0.13919271528720856,
0.13279031217098236,
-0.5183107256889343,
-0.33398860692977905,
0.546588659286499,
-0.08764143288135529,
1.2959285974502563,
0.2818545699119568,
-0.943374514579773,
-0.32622069120407104,
-0.4283980131149292,
-0.37738147377967834,
-0.42551353573799133,
-1.1021133661270142,
-0.13877981901168823,
-0.1201217770576477,
-0.07618942856788635,
0.01873461902141571,
0.050888966768980026
] |
is it better to tighten an axe head right side up, or upside down? | the head on your axe is loose. is it better to hit the head on the ground, or the handle? does it matter? | neither. you want to drive a wedge into the middle of the handle so it is pressing outward with tighter force on the metal axe head. [here](_url_0_) you can see an axe head that has been repaired a couple times. first with a wedge and then with some dowels. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/fqPtd.jpg"
] | [
-0.3243493437767029,
0.892229437828064,
0.12641869485378265,
-0.11546237766742706,
-0.5772594213485718,
-0.5459685325622559,
1.2087081670761108,
0.3250378966331482,
0.5396630764007568,
0.15309612452983856,
0.5548586845397949,
0.1843542754650116,
-0.6047844290733337,
0.13389350473880768,
0.3024311661720276,
0.1837392896413803,
-0.6360015869140625,
-0.6717761754989624,
-0.5976033210754395,
0.8090038895606995,
0.14052239060401917,
0.3916730284690857,
0.20498046278953552,
-0.14877140522003174,
-0.6936978697776794,
0.4712992012500763,
-0.08215907216072083,
1.0846519470214844,
0.11148612201213837,
-0.43845134973526,
0.1577840894460678,
-0.3991568088531494,
-2.0304441452026367,
-0.02096797525882721,
0.3085090219974518,
0.4969758987426758,
-0.1812545508146286,
0.26044875383377075,
0.29098445177078247,
-0.10388147830963135,
-0.537412166595459,
-0.05674082040786743,
-0.4196653366088867,
0.14437547326087952,
0.03040698915719986,
0.689516007900238,
0.5850929617881775,
0.30642783641815186,
0.13364875316619873,
-0.9717098474502563,
-0.9526771306991577,
0.412014365196228,
-0.41904544830322266,
-0.21965402364730835,
0.8170225620269775,
0.3037249445915222,
-0.1661386340856552,
0.24826335906982422,
-0.34462475776672363,
0.04616639018058777,
0.3708030581474304,
0.20894049108028412,
-1.2372719049453735,
2.130937337875366,
-0.428096204996109,
-0.6711633205413818,
-0.29341650009155273,
-0.49252521991729736,
-1.7911046743392944,
1.4034104347229004,
0.3733426332473755,
-0.607371985912323,
-0.14232006669044495,
-0.16257841885089874,
0.5802595615386963,
-0.2504222095012665,
0.03496250510215759,
0.37148305773735046,
-0.26722148060798645,
-0.14757032692432404,
-1.0979347229003906,
0.013515166938304901,
-0.3944961130619049,
0.4331201910972595,
-0.3932533860206604,
0.7496717572212219,
0.03619369864463806,
0.24619367718696594,
-0.10236598551273346,
-0.39247941970825195,
-0.3330742120742798,
-0.06689449399709702,
0.516309380531311,
0.5375462770462036,
0.10477818548679352,
0.6663207411766052,
0.7122364640235901,
0.016887009143829346,
-1.1487224102020264,
1.9743318557739258,
-0.2693721354007721,
0.27571219205856323,
-1.3058345317840576,
-0.1937635838985443,
0.17100520431995392,
0.3592499792575836,
-0.20038136839866638,
-0.36030417680740356,
-0.18478180468082428,
-0.24481692910194397,
0.025918930768966675,
0.3032696545124054,
-0.15790313482284546,
0.40843313932418823,
-0.7154337167739868,
-0.6371660232543945,
-0.37150198221206665,
-0.7613608837127686,
-0.061046481132507324,
-0.651382565498352,
0.34700101613998413,
-0.13856156170368195,
-0.46659183502197266,
0.1901739090681076,
-0.0028128474950790405,
-1.5988993644714355,
1.7512286901474,
0.25960028171539307,
-0.5824525356292725,
0.17923809587955475,
-0.7376461625099182,
-0.8900573253631592,
0.37807556986808777,
0.35278868675231934,
-0.5115252733230591,
0.1570957601070404,
0.18241851031780243,
0.8134333491325378,
-0.318143367767334,
-0.5149728059768677,
-0.07682695239782333,
0.07383529841899872,
0.5862429141998291,
-0.22789986431598663,
-0.29046106338500977,
0.31787246465682983,
-0.6375460624694824,
-0.3472669720649719,
-0.315681129693985,
0.3442811965942383,
-0.5625706315040588,
-0.24212190508842468,
0.3076361417770386,
0.18222676217556,
-0.02231733500957489,
-0.3376809060573578,
0.26977381110191345,
0.8009511828422546,
0.8438059687614441,
0.05333554372191429,
-0.5695437788963318,
0.7280242443084717,
0.2305719554424286,
1.2390681505203247,
-0.09958183765411377,
-0.4570647180080414,
-0.7154109477996826,
-0.05669371411204338,
-0.2558591961860657,
-0.10796958208084106,
-0.5168219208717346,
0.20554372668266296,
0.24682362377643585,
-0.07334509491920471,
0.0020997822284698486,
0.87776118516922,
-0.5334886312484741,
0.26715272665023804,
0.5431671142578125,
1.253313422203064,
0.3723657429218292,
0.30135777592658997,
0.5915889739990234,
0.5658137202262878,
-0.1821698099374771,
0.6010441780090332,
0.17283494770526886,
0.6111505627632141,
-0.6395971775054932,
-0.3725282549858093,
0.22377409040927887,
0.6100279688835144,
-0.5421904921531677,
0.9612113237380981,
0.03302904590964317,
0.5737632513046265,
-0.08031398057937622,
-0.2274366319179535,
-0.3469647467136383,
-0.44040143489837646,
-0.5079285502433777,
-0.5969855189323425,
-0.7838142514228821,
-0.9894565343856812,
0.16975319385528564,
0.17975814640522003,
1.1221543550491333,
-1.2289633750915527,
-0.3618057370185852,
-0.002075508236885071,
0.1860416978597641,
-0.8925872445106506,
0.38365739583969116,
-0.03431341052055359,
0.4576355516910553,
-0.878014326095581,
0.3687611222267151,
0.314979612827301,
-1.137719750404358,
-0.7187642455101013,
0.33582359552383423,
0.08479204773902893,
0.46964019536972046,
-1.3224453926086426,
0.4972761869430542,
-0.5215721726417542,
-0.0957559272646904,
0.4805293679237366,
-0.11478247493505478,
-0.13162626326084137,
-0.23405888676643372,
-1.0418583154678345,
-0.7355446815490723,
0.12344855815172195,
-0.145799458026886,
-0.3101722300052643,
0.01722242683172226,
-0.0028947019018232822,
0.9378349781036377,
-0.24317510426044464,
-0.5394057631492615,
-0.8798544406890869,
-0.03410259261727333,
0.7503283619880676,
-0.04407728090882301,
-0.2706332802772522,
0.13523933291435242,
0.9059798717498779,
0.40792858600616455,
0.5562023520469666,
-0.1729412078857422,
0.661909282207489,
-1.363520622253418,
0.5660789608955383,
-0.2256058156490326,
-0.36276185512542725,
-0.37431105971336365,
0.20838585495948792,
-0.7564306259155273,
0.11092397570610046,
0.24596671760082245,
0.05081731081008911,
0.05030548572540283,
-0.9953200817108154,
1.035804271697998,
0.009115085005760193,
0.23114363849163055,
2.069013833999634,
-1.188755750656128,
-0.5360453724861145,
-0.37188905477523804,
0.03769265115261078,
0.13064271211624146,
0.5768640041351318,
-0.2623862624168396,
-0.07769626379013062,
0.9780783653259277,
-0.5015860795974731,
-0.4201167821884155,
1.0743868350982666,
-0.8349403738975525,
-0.9552384614944458,
0.24522005021572113,
0.7998130917549133,
0.3722548484802246,
-0.13756507635116577,
0.5475276112556458,
-0.47715407609939575,
0.6869268417358398,
0.01511383056640625,
-1.6918517351150513,
0.2436024397611618,
-0.6409531831741333,
0.03960936516523361,
0.23977677524089813,
0.5227809548377991,
0.13265423476696014,
0.1395595222711563,
0.36862891912460327,
0.4240333139896393,
0.08886975049972534,
-0.2636941373348236,
-0.4446440637111664,
0.13235273957252502,
0.07934807240962982,
0.29470208287239075,
0.3413383364677429,
0.6604252457618713,
0.042634472250938416,
-0.17293693125247955,
-0.007720887660980225,
0.4164109528064728,
-0.5920030474662781,
0.26285526156425476,
0.1886025071144104,
0.21399357914924622,
0.6683917045593262,
-0.05041810870170593,
-0.5859547257423401,
-0.32249683141708374,
0.04910536855459213,
0.551696240901947,
0.4508326053619385,
-0.6011956930160522,
-0.10476383566856384,
-0.05577760189771652,
-0.07355719804763794,
0.27455806732177734,
-0.7515708208084106,
0.14377352595329285,
0.35427728295326233,
0.39042675495147705,
0.36024022102355957,
0.7723514437675476,
0.0484241247177124,
0.5165356993675232,
-0.4509451389312744,
-0.18649457395076752,
-1.2004156112670898,
-0.2512226402759552,
-0.26263630390167236,
-0.6054918169975281,
0.7817097902297974,
0.8020068407058716,
0.00010579824447631836,
-0.13873714208602905,
-0.24810227751731873,
0.06790447235107422,
-0.38216859102249146,
0.9289654493331909,
-0.6660763621330261,
0.8806654214859009,
0.9345612525939941,
0.8187888264656067,
0.9276002645492554,
-0.23392820358276367,
-0.34437355399131775,
0.46693864464759827,
0.43464532494544983,
-0.7455685138702393,
-0.009143199771642685,
0.0892404317855835,
-0.7423450946807861,
0.999408483505249,
-0.9673559665679932,
0.8144830465316772,
-0.050703927874565125,
-0.3232744634151459,
-0.48377421498298645,
-0.07780356705188751,
0.43925559520721436,
0.4572882652282715,
0.5921976566314697,
-0.18695148825645447,
0.42094364762306213,
0.06563315540552139,
0.25948354601860046,
-0.15404467284679413,
-1.1878726482391357,
0.47078555822372437,
0.8334935307502747,
0.055256009101867676,
1.1432030200958252,
1.0576499700546265
] |
watson and crick | i recently read the double helix for genetics, and was wondering how they were able to derive the structure from the x-ray crystallography images they had at their disposal. | here's a great guide in the dna learning center that goes through, step by step, how to interpret the diffraction spectrum of b-form dna: _url_0_. it's the iconic crystallograph made by rosalind franklin, which is what watson saw. | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.dnalc.org/view/15014-Franklin-s-X-ray-diffraction-explanation-of-X-ray-pattern-.html"
] | [
-0.5370820760726929,
-0.36154496669769287,
-0.19215279817581177,
0.16114406287670135,
-0.4425208866596222,
0.1572558581829071,
-0.06040100008249283,
0.25509706139564514,
-0.2982085943222046,
-0.353840172290802,
0.30578672885894775,
-0.7405979633331299,
-0.17625769972801208,
0.2070637047290802,
-0.8164704442024231,
0.36764609813690186,
-0.14361998438835144,
0.2049560844898224,
-0.26315614581108093,
0.019596099853515625,
0.7288575172424316,
0.33703476190567017,
0.24778935313224792,
0.17243653535842896,
-0.15879271924495697,
0.10775664448738098,
-0.2896002233028412,
-0.05375932157039642,
0.09054464101791382,
-0.41588616371154785,
0.2749214470386505,
0.3351645767688751,
0.3009641170501709,
0.16739779710769653,
0.3342294692993164,
-0.15684595704078674,
0.007988974452018738,
0.31373727321624756,
0.620829701423645,
0.10925868898630142,
-0.28749316930770874,
0.30399560928344727,
-0.2061334252357483,
0.47571665048599243,
-0.4978531301021576,
-0.029344886541366577,
0.18228234350681305,
0.2523179054260254,
-0.15344232320785522,
-0.057026784867048264,
-0.6611736416816711,
-0.19002415239810944,
-0.8076338768005371,
-0.6064928770065308,
0.02685849368572235,
1.1932263374328613,
0.029535219073295593,
-0.5125580430030823,
-0.3015826344490051,
-0.4523829519748688,
0.29794788360595703,
-0.16745319962501526,
0.10326842963695526,
0.17563694715499878,
0.2863065004348755,
0.5845655798912048,
-0.22485561668872833,
-0.2710363268852234,
0.000658184289932251,
-0.6023155450820923,
0.07874096930027008,
0.12998248636722565,
-0.19933772087097168,
0.36013078689575195,
-0.42810994386672974,
0.3276931941509247,
-0.25809013843536377,
-0.14290669560432434,
-0.48032325506210327,
-0.11082324385643005,
-0.21235588192939758,
-0.10115772485733032,
0.08937089145183563,
0.14344972372055054,
0.5251702070236206,
0.9319363832473755,
-0.05755143612623215,
-0.056024305522441864,
-0.5910643339157104,
0.27712780237197876,
-0.12511111795902252,
-0.4250379800796509,
-0.44588178396224976,
0.44775816798210144,
-0.5773985385894775,
0.15037046372890472,
-0.08112332224845886,
-0.13055676221847534,
1.0428855419158936,
-0.282810240983963,
-0.06310108304023743,
-0.05465427041053772,
-0.5168275833129883,
-0.4352721571922302,
-0.4709535539150238,
-0.5707628726959229,
0.17707379162311554,
0.8293939232826233,
0.2699207067489624,
0.10689886659383774,
0.2176971733570099,
-0.27231231331825256,
-0.17930321395397186,
0.246541827917099,
0.030016425997018814,
0.29904991388320923,
0.4192456007003784,
-0.09303483366966248,
-0.35357457399368286,
0.04573535546660423,
0.15135221183300018,
-0.19793274998664856,
0.07555984705686569,
0.02251506596803665,
0.4078548550605774,
-0.10108354687690735,
-0.3663128912448883,
0.3255239427089691,
0.9643528461456299,
0.8362475633621216,
0.47031229734420776,
-0.131869375705719,
0.07811339199542999,
0.7656280398368835,
-0.37510597705841064,
-0.130125030875206,
-0.3857274353504181,
0.28275564312934875,
0.26414600014686584,
0.21221783757209778,
-0.07880926132202148,
-0.4357997179031372,
-0.7084100842475891,
-0.6918530464172363,
-0.14713267982006073,
-0.14959384500980377,
-1.0387918949127197,
-0.30417996644973755,
-0.0762559026479721,
0.5512763857841492,
0.14727044105529785,
0.3373388350009918,
-0.3538001775741577,
0.717182993888855,
-0.18846262991428375,
0.012248195707798004,
0.2541547417640686,
0.6146605014801025,
0.31152746081352234,
-0.13405144214630127,
-0.690304160118103,
0.3258504271507263,
0.4739135205745697,
0.4486204981803894,
-0.26170262694358826,
-0.4033271372318268,
0.3286938965320587,
0.41134047508239746,
0.003534756600856781,
-0.4407831132411957,
0.9188348650932312,
-0.5675917267799377,
0.27956318855285645,
-0.10649572312831879,
-0.12350940704345703,
0.019310221076011658,
-0.37840157747268677,
0.28092095255851746,
0.3401361405849457,
-0.2499178946018219,
0.47020643949508667,
0.06556627154350281,
0.6043407917022705,
0.36747798323631287,
0.11600535362958908,
0.06092320382595062,
0.4777635633945465,
-0.02737554907798767,
0.1694880723953247,
0.05687032639980316,
-0.13551482558250427,
0.20970742404460907,
0.3419053256511688,
-0.17990252375602722,
-0.3874216079711914,
-0.5694659948348999,
0.47326675057411194,
0.42927443981170654,
0.01439918577671051,
0.21122997999191284,
0.26495373249053955,
0.3682714104652405,
0.48568251729011536,
0.08146096765995026,
-0.49257975816726685,
-0.3383943736553192,
-0.032530173659324646,
0.4222196340560913,
-0.8710851669311523,
0.41703563928604126,
-0.4394204318523407,
-0.882448136806488,
-0.9455214142799377,
-0.17555485665798187,
0.14933189749717712,
-0.5719958543777466,
-1.0091584920883179,
-0.211659237742424,
-0.12971000373363495,
-0.35242122411727905,
-0.31207746267318726,
-0.5470017194747925,
-0.21205705404281616,
-0.4358838200569153,
0.04218900203704834,
-0.056877799332141876,
0.7203238606452942,
-0.10061021149158478,
-0.20329496264457703,
0.07963751256465912,
0.02120000123977661,
0.810996949672699,
0.40829432010650635,
0.2487674206495285,
0.5982961654663086,
0.29327768087387085,
-0.6003245115280151,
-0.18969443440437317,
-0.3425605297088623,
-0.09592142701148987,
0.36109668016433716,
-0.05918693542480469,
-0.11955451965332031,
0.3367910385131836,
-0.4333754777908325,
0.2783783972263336,
-0.23440903425216675,
-0.33995291590690613,
0.24002665281295776,
0.4323762059211731,
0.07727879285812378,
-0.6566846966743469,
0.33189547061920166,
0.10614712536334991,
-0.3452053368091583,
0.17252545058727264,
-0.012267470359802246,
-0.31695860624313354,
-0.04147034510970116,
0.17833401262760162,
0.719594419002533,
-0.5217797756195068,
0.38506194949150085,
-0.07452264428138733,
-0.4242846965789795,
0.40003207325935364,
0.24421590566635132,
0.06304523348808289,
-0.2601477801799774,
0.2079780101776123,
0.08491034060716629,
0.5624955892562866,
-0.1660660356283188,
0.8888550996780396,
0.15289798378944397,
0.2865194082260132,
0.04137766361236572,
-0.845720648765564,
0.036315664649009705,
0.17776672542095184,
-0.15377825498580933,
-0.016984108835458755,
-0.019860729575157166,
0.22519150376319885,
-0.5489783883094788,
-0.2100934237241745,
-0.046470485627651215,
-0.2372538447380066,
0.035818614065647125,
-0.01583123579621315,
-0.44283896684646606,
0.3340206742286682,
-0.14011836051940918,
-0.2642004191875458,
-0.010892815887928009,
0.5289202928543091,
-0.12350048869848251,
0.08906163275241852,
0.19427624344825745,
-0.22796505689620972,
-0.7352766990661621,
-0.2724398374557495,
-0.3973533511161804,
-0.2200680524110794,
0.3284587264060974,
-0.1181420087814331,
0.24776576459407806,
0.1026570200920105,
1.2840359210968018,
-0.7594727277755737,
-0.4991503357887268,
-0.12922529876232147,
-0.3639194667339325,
-0.25842177867889404,
-0.3749122619628906,
-0.03829953819513321,
0.6595925688743591,
0.15193605422973633,
0.32910653948783875,
0.10889025032520294,
0.14426375925540924,
-0.34745100140571594,
0.13746538758277893,
-0.5098346471786499,
0.9228635430335999,
0.6764782071113586,
-0.0734950602054596,
0.08568437397480011,
-0.4002925157546997,
0.02385866641998291,
-0.15564697980880737,
0.2915998697280884,
-0.24404025077819824,
-0.5284661054611206,
0.15684513747692108,
-0.12059301137924194,
-0.3009452521800995,
-0.46414685249328613,
0.06269526481628418,
0.0527331717312336,
0.14858686923980713,
-0.4893597364425659,
-0.5639265179634094,
-0.579647958278656,
-0.010841161012649536,
0.2365175485610962,
-0.2730216383934021,
-0.0501343235373497,
-0.610868513584137,
-0.09045056998729706,
0.6804291009902954,
0.7826775908470154,
0.6645523309707642,
0.32254868745803833,
-0.025858283042907715,
-0.13044491410255432,
-0.3279818892478943,
0.16019175946712494,
0.10584661364555359,
-0.22869905829429626,
0.24004359543323517,
0.28846532106399536,
-0.6348217725753784,
0.40347617864608765,
-0.181330144405365,
0.2140868604183197,
0.1439848244190216,
-0.11493504047393799,
0.1039360910654068,
0.40165460109710693,
-0.09315376728773117,
0.19524352252483368,
0.42001873254776,
-0.1645151972770691,
-0.2972210943698883,
-0.09668514132499695,
0.8423010110855103,
0.10454222559928894,
-0.21699491143226624,
0.62205970287323,
0.9362080097198486,
0.17464055120944977,
0.6123621463775635,
-0.6579784154891968
] |
Subsets and Splits