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null | closed_qa | What languages are spoken in Tunisia? | The official language of Tunisia is Modern Standard Arabic. The vast majority of Tunisia's population is Arab and Muslim. Vernacular Tunisian Arabic is the most spoken, and French also serves as an administrative and educational language in some contexts, but it has no official status.
Tunisia is well integrated into the international community. It is a member of the United Nations, La Francophonie, the Arab League, the OIC, the African Union, the COMESA, the Non-Aligned Movement, the International Criminal Court, and the Group of 77, among others. It maintains close economic and political relations with some European countries, particularly with France, and Italy, due to their geographical proximity. Tunisia also has an association agreement with the European Union and has attained the status of a major non-NATO ally of the United States. | The official language of Tunisia is Modern Standard Arabic, though vernacular Tunisian Arabic is the most spoken. French also serves as an administrative and educational language in some contexts, but it has no official status. | null | null | null | 12000 |
null | creative_writing | write a poem about the state of georgia | Georgia, Georgia You're always on my mind
And one thing that I hear is that your people are so kind
You've got the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Atlantic Coast
You are such a gem to me it seems so about you I will boast
Your capital city is the home of the Braves, the Falcons and the Hawks
With parks like Grant and Piedmont where you can take a peaceful walk
You've produced so many artists the list is hard to write
From Ray and Otis to Outkast and oh yes Gladys Knight
I hope to visit you one day I say it all the time
I'll cheer Go Dawgs and do the Chop because Georgia's on my mind | null | null | null | 12001 |
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null | open_qa | What are the names of the four tennis grand slam tournaments? | The four tennis grand slam tournaments are the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. | null | null | null | 12002 |
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null | open_qa | Which is the oldest civilization in the world? | The Mesopotamia civilization | null | null | null | 12003 |
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null | general_qa | What is the weather like in New Jersey? | New Jersey is a state in the northeastern part of the United Sates of America. New Jersey borders New York state to the north and east, Pennsylvania to the south and west, and Delaware to the south. So, New Jersey's climate is similar to these other states.
Summers in New Jersey are relatively hot and humid, Springs and Falls are usually tempered, and Winters vary greatly in terms of snowfall and temperatures.
New Jersey, being in the northeastern part of the United States, is also subject to a Nor'easter weather events. A Nor’easter is a storm along the East Coast of North America, so called because the winds over the coastal area are typically from the northeast. These storms may occur at any time of year but are most frequent and most violent between September and April. When Nor'easter occurs in the Winter, it can bring a lot of snow to New Jersey, especially the northern part of the state. | null | null | null | 12004 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the venues of each Phish concert referenced in this paragraph and list in bulleted format. | On October 1, 2008, the band announced on their website that they had officially reunited, and would play their first shows in five years in March 2009 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia. The three reunion concerts were held on March 6, 7, and 8, 2009, with "Fluffhead" being the first song the band played onstage at the first show. Approximately 14,000 people attended the concerts over the course of three days, and the band made the shows available for free download on their LivePhish website for a limited time, in order to accommodate fans who were unable to attend. When the band decided to reunite, the members agreed to limit their touring schedule, and they have typically performed about 50 concerts a year since. Following the reunion weekend, Phish embarked on a summer tour which began in May with a concert at Fenway Park in Boston. The Fenway show was followed by a 25-date tour which included performances at the 2009 edition of the Bonnaroo Music Festival in Tennessee and a four date stand at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado. At Bonnaroo, Phish was joined by Bruce Springsteen on guitar for three songs. Phish's fourteenth studio album, Joy, produced by Steve Lillywhite, was released September 8, 2009. In October, the band held Festival 8, their first multi-day festival event since Coventry in 2004, at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California. In March 2010, Anastasio inducted Genesis, one of his favorite bands, into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the museum's annual ceremony in New York City. In addition to Anastasio's speech, Phish performed the Genesis songs "Watcher of the Skies" and "No Reply at All" at the event. Phish toured in the summer and fall of 2010, and their concerts at Alpine Valley Music Theatre in East Troy, Wisconsin and the Utica Memorial Auditorium in Utica, New York were issued as CD/DVD sets in 2010 and 2011 respectively. | -Hampton Coliseum
-Fenway Park
-Red Rocks Ampitheatre
-Bonnaroo Music Festival
-Empire Polo Club
-New York City (venue for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony is not specified)
-Alpine Valley Music Theatre
-Utica Memorial Auditorium | null | null | null | 12005 |
null | general_qa | What is a Pythagorean triple? | In mathematics, a Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers, a, b, c, such that a² + b² = c². These integers can form the sides of a right triangle, with c as the hypotenuse. For example, (3, 4, 5) is a Pythagorean triple because 3² + 4² = 5². | null | null | null | 12006 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the title of the game, the name of its developer and the name of the main character and separate them by a comma. | Horizon Zero Dawn is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It is the first game of the Horizon video game series. The plot follows Aloy, a young hunter in a world overrun by machines, who sets out to uncover her past. The player uses ranged weapons, a spear, and stealth to combat mechanical creatures and other enemy forces. A skill tree provides the player with new abilities and bonuses. The player can explore the open world to discover locations and take on side quests. It is the first game in the Horizon series and was released for the PlayStation 4 in 2017 and Windows in 2020. | Horizon Zero Dawn, Guerrilla Games, Aloy | null | null | null | 12007 |
null | closed_qa | What's the architecture in Maskavas Forstate look like? | Maskavas Forštate (German: Moskauer Vorstadt) also known as Maskavas priekšpilsēta and colloquially as Maskačka, is a suburb of Riga situated on the right bank of the Daugava. The neighborhood is located to the south of Old Riga along the road historically connecting Riga to Moscow, from which its name is derived.
History
See also: Riga Ghetto
The history of Maskavas Forštate, whose name in English literally means Moscow Suburb goes back to at least the 14th century, in some parts the medieval street network has been preserved. However, the area is first mentioned in 1348 by the name of Lastādija (German: Lastadie).
Architecturally, the neighborhood reflects its history as an area of Russian, Belarusian and Jewish migration, especially characteristic wooden homes.
During the Nazi occupation of Riga, the neighborhood was turned into a ghetto for Jews. Today, there are memorials on the site of the Great Choral Synagogue and the Old Jewish cemetery. Most of the prewar buildings remain standing. | The architecture of Maskavas Forštate reflects the history of Russian, Belarusian, and Jewish migration. | null | null | null | 12008 |
null | general_qa | Is AI a risk to humanity? | Artificial Intelligence (AI) is just a tool. Like all tools made by humans throughout the history it is neither good nor bad. It is neither safe nor risky. The humans who control and use it will determine those. Looking at history, all past human technological developments lead to improved human quality of life. AI is likely going to significantly improve human quality of life. | null | null | null | 12009 |
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null | open_qa | What is RTGS? | Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems are specialist funds transfer systems where the transfer of money or securities takes place from one bank to any other bank on a "real-time" and on a "gross" basis. Settlement in "real time" means a payment transaction is not subjected to any waiting period, with transactions being settled as soon as they are processed. "Gross settlement" means the transaction is settled on a one-to-one basis, without bundling or netting with any other transaction. "Settlement" means that once processed, payments are final and irrevocable.
RTGS systems are usually operated by a country's central bank as it is seen as critical infrastructure for a country's economy. Economists believe that an efficient national payment system reduces the cost of exchanging goods and services, and is indispensable to the functioning of the interbank, money, and capital markets. A weak payment system may severely drag on the stability and developmental capacity of a national economy; its failures can result in inefficient use of financial resources, inequitable risk-sharing among agents, actual losses for participants, and loss of confidence in the financial system and in the very use of money. | null | null | null | 12010 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the union territories that encompass South India. Separate them with a comma. | South India, also known as Peninsular India, consists of the peninsular southern part of India. It encompasses the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2 or 245,480 sq mi) and 20% of India's population. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges – the Western and Eastern Ghats – bordering the plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Pamba, Thamirabarani, Palar, and Vaigai rivers are important perennial rivers. | Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry | null | null | null | 12011 |
null | classification | Classify the below items based on the type of current they use, AC or DC.
charging of batteries, fans, bulbs, air conditioners | AC: fans, bulbs, air conditioners
DC: charging of batteries | null | null | null | 12012 |
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null | open_qa | What year did World War 2 end? | 1945 | null | null | null | 12013 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a sample of three of Australian Animals. | Kangaroo, Koala and Emu are three well known Australian Animals. | null | null | null | 12014 |
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null | general_qa | What does it take to become an airplane pilot in the USA? | To become a pilot (airplane-single-engine-land) you must complete a number of milestones and training objectives as outlined in Part 61 or Part 141 in the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR). This includes, but is not limited to: flying with a certified instructor and performing several different maneuvers demonstrating flight proficiency (taxing, takeoff, cruise, stall recovery, turns, emergency procedures, and landing), accruing the minimum hours of applicable aeronautical experience as outlined in Part 61.109, taking a written examination issued by the FAA, as well as performing an Oral and Practical examination with a Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE). Upon successful completion of each of these areas, in addition to meeting all of the eligibility requires as outlined in Part 61.103, a student pilot can receive their private pilot certificate affording them to fly passengers (not for hire), day or night, in visual meteorological conditions in the USA. | null | null | null | 12015 |
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null | open_qa | What are three cities on the east coast of Florida? | Three cities on the east coast of Florida are Miami, Jacksonville, and Fort Lauderdale. | null | null | null | 12016 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether each of these ski resorts are in Colorado or California: Big Bear, Mammoth, North Star, Vail, Aspen, Telluride | Big Bear: California
Mammoth: California
North Star: California
Vail: Colorado
Aspen: Colorado
Telluride: Colorado | null | null | null | 12017 |
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null | general_qa | Many people are hesitant to invest resources toward slowing down or even reversing the effects of climate change because they think it does not make sense if only a small portion of the population invests resources. They think it is stupid to do so until everyone agreed to do so or is forced by policy. What is the reason that some people still do so? | Some people do not want to wait until everyone agreed or a policy is in place because they want to start or increase the momentum of slowing down or reversing the effects of climate change. They don't want to wait until it is potentially too late but rather they want to do what they can right now. Some of them might hope that those actions motivate others to follow them which might in turn increase the chance of more and more people doing the same and thus likely starting a bandwagon effect. Some of the activists might also want to prevent living with a bad conscience and thus, they might prefer to spend their resources on climate change related causes instead of other alternatives. | null | null | null | 12018 |
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null | creative_writing | Explain telephone numbering system of Russia ? | The telephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialling rules which operated in the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After the collapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain. Russia and Kazakhstan still retain the former Soviet international code +7.
Key principles
The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long-distance prefix was 8.
a).One could call a local number without the code. Local numbers usually consisted of 5-7 digits, with seven-digit numbers only occurring in Moscow, Leningrad and Kyiv. If the internal number of the regional centre had less than seven digits, then its intercity code was supplemented with numbers (usually 2 for the administrative center, 6 for the second largest city).
b).Within the same numbering area (most often within the state or region) the pattern was: 8 2X YYYYYY, where 2 replaced the three-digit area code.
c).For calls to other areas, one had to first dial long-distance prefix 8, then, after the tone, the full code of the numbering area, which consisted of a three-digit code and zone additional digit(X), and then the local phone number.
d).For international calls, one should dial 8 10 [country code] [phone number]
For example: 8 10 1 212 XXXXXXX for a call to New York City.
Also: 8 10 359 2 XXXXXX for a call to the city of Sofia. | null | null | null | 12019 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a list of the last iceskate i've never seen | Patins Bauer Vapor Hyperlite senior Marque Bauer 1259.95 € 984.95 € Patins Bauer Supreme Mach senior Patins Bauer Supreme Mach. Patins Bauer Supreme Mach senior Marque Bauer 1259.95 € 984.95 € Patins CCM JetSpeed FT4 Pro senior CCM JetSpeed FT4 Pro senior. | null | null | null | 12020 |
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null | classification | Classify the below substances based on their natural physical state.
Water, Mercury, Copper, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Wood | Solid - Copper, Wood
Liquid - Water, Mercury
Gas - Oxygen, Nitrogen | null | null | null | 12021 |
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null | open_qa | What are some typical characters of Siamese cats? | Siamese cats tend to have slender, long bodies with apple-shaped heads and large ears. They can come in a variety of colors, such as chocolate point, seal point, and orange flame. Siamese owners claim that Siamese cats tend to be more loyal to their favorite human and are dog-like in their playful nature, such as enjoying playing fetch. Siamese also are a vocal breed and meow loudly and often. | null | null | null | 12022 |
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null | brainstorming | Besides a putter, what other golf clubs would suffice for a putting stroke? | Any low iron (1 thru 4) or fairway wood which a flat face. | null | null | null | 12023 |
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null | brainstorming | How do I fix the engine of my car? | This would depend on how complex the repair job is. But essentially you will need
1. A basic set of tools including spanners, screwdrivers and pliers.
2. An automotive manual for the model of your car. For example a Haynes manual.
3. Once you have diagnosed the problem, watch some videos on YouTube on how to fix the problem.
4. Based on the knowledge that you have gathered, attempt to fix your car
If you are enable to fix it, go to an experienced mechanic. | null | null | null | 12024 |
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null | open_qa | What causes an airplane wing to fly? | As Bernoulli's principal explains, because of the shape, air moving across the curved upper surface on top of the wing will travel faster and thus produce less pressure than the air moving more slowly along the flatter bottom of the wing's surface. This imbalance of high and low pressures results in a force called lift which is applied in the direction of the lower pressure. | null | null | null | 12025 |
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null | classification | Identify from this list which are Crayola crayon colors: banana biscuits, razzle dazzle rose, whoopsie daisies, purple pizzazz, carnation pink, cotton candy, unmellow yellow, macaroni and cheese, coffee table blue, craisin, aquamarine, jazzberry jam, sea green | Razzle dazzle rose, purple pizzazz, carnation pink, cotton candy, unmellow yellow, macaroni and cheese, aquamarine, jazzberry jam, sea green | null | null | null | 12026 |
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null | open_qa | What is Kendrick Lamar famous for? | Kendrick Lamar is famous for being a rapper | null | null | null | 12027 |
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null | classification | Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Tesla, Elektron Motors | Tesla is American, Elektron Motors is German | null | null | null | 12028 |
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null | brainstorming | Think of three different colors that mens suits are often | Black, blue, grey | null | null | null | 12029 |
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null | creative_writing | How do you make the best shepherds pie? | There are many ingredients that go into a shepherds pie. Using organic vegetables and meat is a great way to start. You can use either minced beef or lamb but I prefer beef. You will need to brown the meat and then add a shepherds pie seasoning mix. Once mixed add the combination to a baking dish. Next peel the potatoes and boil them for 20 minutes. Once boiled you will need to mash the potatoes and add milk and butter if you want them to be more creamy. Next steam carrots and peas and then add to the beef mixture. Top the mixture with the potatoes and cook for 30 minutes at 350 degrees. This is a great meal for a cold day! | null | null | null | 12030 |
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null | information_extraction | Using the two paragraphs below, when was the Ukrainian Chorus Dumka of NY founded, and when did it play in Ukraine for the first time? | Ukrainian Chorus Dumka of New York was founded in 1949 with the goal "to preserve and cultivate the rich musical heritage of Ukraine", both for the church and for secular occasions. In the beginning, the chorus was a men's chorus of Ukrainian immigrants who met to sing music they loved. The first music director was L. Krushelnycky. The group became a mixed choir in 1959.
They have performed in New York at locations including in Alice Tully Hall, Avery Fisher Hall, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Carnegie Hall, Madison Square Garden, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Town Hall. They toured to the Kennedy Center in Washington, and in several European capitals. In 1990, the chorus toured Ukraine for the first time, singing in Kyiv, Lviv, Poltava, and Kaniv. They made recordings of both church and secular music. | The Ukrainian Chorus Dumka of New York was founded in 1949. It toured Ukraine for the first time in 1990. | null | null | null | 12031 |
null | open_qa | When is the first day of summer 2023? | Wednesday, June 21, 2023 | null | null | null | 12032 |
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null | open_qa | is a career in public accounting a good way to go | yes | null | null | null | 12033 |
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null | classification | When cleaning a house, categorize each of the following as "useful" or "not useful": Broom, Mop, Vacuum, Sand, Dirt, Dust Pan, Food | Broom: Useful
Mop: Useful
Vacuum: Useful
Sand: Not Useful
Dirt: Not Useful
Dust Pan: Useful
Food: Not Useful | null | null | null | 12034 |
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null | open_qa | What colours are on the flag of the Netherlands? | The flag of the Netherlands is predominantly blue with a white Dutch lion on a golden background. | null | null | null | 12035 |
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null | general_qa | What is a Synchronous Concurrent Algorithm (SCA)? | A Synchronous Concurrent Algorithm is an algorithm consisting of a networks of modules and channels, computing and communicating in parallel, and synchronised by a global clock. There are many classes of algorithms that share these general properties such as clocked digital hardware, systolic arrays, neural networks, cellular automata and coupled map lattice dynamical systems. | null | null | null | 12036 |
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null | information_extraction | Based on the above passage classify Bermudians based on their descent along with respective percentages in a bracket. Display the results in a comma separated format. | Bermuda (/bərˈmjuːdə/; historically known as The Bermudas or Somers Isles) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Bermuda archipelago consists of 181 islands with a total land area of 54 km2 (21 sq mi). The closest land outside the territory is in the US state of North Carolina, approximately 1,035 km (643 mi) to the northwest.
Bermuda is named after Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez, who discovered the archipelago in 1505. The islands have been permanently inhabited since 1612, and, forming part of British America, became a crown colony in 1684. The first African slaves arrived in 1616, but as the slave trade ceased by the end of the 17th century, the colony developed into a base for merchants, privateers, and the Royal Navy. More recently, tourism has been a significant contributor to Bermuda's economy. After World War II the territory became an offshore financial centre and tax haven.
As of 2019, Bermuda had a population of around 64,000 people, making it the second-most populous of the British overseas territories, after the Cayman Islands. Black Bermudians, primarily descended from African slaves, make up almost 60% of the population, while White Bermudians, primarily of British, Irish, and Portuguese descent, account for more than 30%. | Black Bermudians (60%), White Bermudians (30%) | null | null | null | 12037 |
null | closed_qa | What is the indigenous name for Dunk Island? | Dunk Island, known as Coonanglebah in the Warrgamay and Dyirbal languages, is an island within the locality of Dunk in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) off the Australian east coast, opposite the town of Mission Beach. The island forms part of the Family Islands National Park and is in the larger Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. | Dunk Island is known as Coonanglebah in the Warrgamay and Dyirbal languages. | null | null | null | 12038 |
null | brainstorming | Think of a bunch of ways that you could clean a house. | You can use a Vacuum or bring in a rug cleaner. You could dust extensively. You could powerwash the outside of the house. You could clean the bathrooms with bleach. You could scrub down all of the kitchen with cleaning supplies. You could paint the walls. | null | null | null | 12039 |
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null | open_qa | Why do we grow two sets of teeth? | It might seem odd to replace a complete set of teeth, but your first set of milk teeth has done its job by the time you are five or six years old. Milk teeth have helped you chew for essential nourishment and learn to talk when it's time for your body to house a more extensive adult set of teeth. You lose milk teeth and get adult teeth. | null | null | null | 12040 |
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null | creative_writing | What is the best Florida Key | There are so many keys in Florida to choose from! If you are looking for lively nightlife, you want to check out Key West, as that is the busiest and most traveled Florida Key. If you would like something a bit more low-key but still with plenty to do, Key Largo or Marathon Key may be a better fit. Any Florida Key has plenty to do, and they are all close together and easy to drive between so you could visit many different locations while you are there. | null | null | null | 12041 |
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null | brainstorming | What are the new 7 Wonders Cities: | These are the new 7 Wonders Cities:
- Durban, South Africa
- Vigan, Philippines
- Havana, Cuba
- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Beirut, Lebanon
- Doha, Qatar
- La Paz, Bolivia | null | null | null | 12042 |
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null | open_qa | what is oracle? | Oracle is a company that offers a scalable and robust database management solution. Prior to the cloud migration era Oracle offered this database management as an on-premise solution using physical servers. Their database helped thousands of businesses manage their data, implement data analysis, secure their data, and allow company and business applications to access data for decision analysis based on historical data. | null | null | null | 12043 |
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null | open_qa | When was the first newspaper published in the United States? | "Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick" was the first US newspaper published on September 25, 1690. | null | null | null | 12044 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a short strategy on how to increase your chances to win a chess game. | The game of chess includes thinking several moves ahead of the opponent. You have to start by getting to the strategic squares on the board faster than the opponent, which directly results in having an upper hand for the rest of the game. The next best step is to protect your pieces while taking out several of your opponent's pieces. The pawn structure needs to be aligned in a way that protects the king at all times and clears the way for the queen to strategically advance forward into the opponent's side. Another strategy is by making the move of casting that pushes the king to the corner as opposed to being exposed in the front once pawns are taken out. | null | null | null | 12045 |
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null | information_extraction | What types of BBQ can you get in North Carolina? | Types of barbecue
Just about any style of barbecue can be found in North Carolina, as the state has a diverse population. There are a few styles, however, that are historically and culturally significant. They are also the most commonly found in restaurants as well as private events.
Eastern style
Eastern-style barbecue is a whole-hog style of barbecue, often said to use "every part of the hog except the squeal". Eastern-style sauce is vinegar and pepper-based, with no tomato whatsoever. Eastern sauce is mostly used as a seasoning after the cook (although it can also be used as a mop sauce while the hog is cooking). The coleslaw served with eastern-style uses mayonnaise (or whipped salad dressing) almost universally.
Lexington style
Lexington style barbecue (also called Piedmont or Western style) uses a red sauce, or "dip", made from vinegar, tomatoes, and usually red pepper flakes, along with other spices that vary from recipe to recipe. It is most common in the Piedmont and western areas of the state. This style uses only the pork shoulder section of the pig. As with other styles of barbecue, the recipes vary widely, and can include many different ingredients, and range from slightly sweet to hot and spicy. The sauce also serves as the seasoning base for "red slaw" (also called "barbecue slaw"), which is coleslaw made by using Lexington-style barbecue sauce in place of mayonnaise. Hushpuppies are usually consumed with pork shoulder and slaw.
Pork ribs
Pork ribs are a common alternative to the two most common types of North Carolina barbecue and a variety of festivals and competitions are held annually. Baby back ribs, sometimes called top loin ribs, are short, succulent, well-marbled ribs cut from the center section of the loin. Spare ribs come from lower down the rib cage (from the sides and upper belly of the pig). They are not quite as tender as baby backs, but are thicker, longer, and more flavorful. | You can get nearly any kind of style of barbecue in North Carolina, however there are a few styles that have a historical and cultural significance. The first is Eastern style barbecue, which features a vinegar and pepper based sauce used on a whole-hog style of barbecue. This is usually served with a coleslaw prepared with mayonnaise. The second is Lexington style, which uses a sauce made from vinegar, tomatoes and red pepper flakes. This style only uses the pork shoulder section of the pig. Lastly Pork ribs are a common style of barbecue found in North Carolina, typically found at festivals and competitions. Baby back ribs and Spare ribs are the most common cuts used. | null | null | null | 12046 |
null | summarization | Can you summarize for me in one paragraph the following text:
| The Little Engine That Could is a children's book written in 1930 by Watty Piper. The main purpose of the book is to help bring out in children a positive, "can-do attitude." The key phrase in the book is, "I think I can."
The main character is the "Little Engine". The Little Engine is an undersized locomotive that is called upon to pull rail cars full of good things for the boys and girls that live on the other side of the mountain. Several other locomotives, appearing newer, stronger or more mature than the Little Engine all make excuses for why they will not help take the train cars over the mountain.
The Little Engine gladly takes on the task when called upon. When starting to pull the heavy rail cars, The Little Engine strains with all its might and begins to say, "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can." When climbing the mountain, it doesn't look like the Little Engine has the power to get over the peak. The Little Engine puffs, "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can." Finally The Little Engine reaches the top, comes over the crest and on the way down says, "I though I could, I thought I could, I thought I could."
|
The Little Engine That Could is an American folktale (existing in the form of several illustrated children's books and films) that became widely known in the United States after publication in 1930 by Platt & Munk. The story is used to teach children the value of optimism and hard work. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children" | null | null | null | 12047 |
null | open_qa | What does bpa-free mean? | BPA-Free refers to any plastics or other materials that do not contain any traces of Bisphenol-A. Most plastics including bottled waters use BPA-Free plastic because it has been shown when BPA plastics are exposed to heat that the BPA chemicals can leach into liquids and into food which people then ingest. | null | null | null | 12048 |
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null | classification | classify the following as sports vs other activities: cricket, talking, writing, running, dancing, football, golf, construction, plumbing, swimming, paragliding, racing, getting late | sports: cricket, running, football, golf, swimming, paragliding, racing
other activities: talking, writing, dancing, construction, plumbing, getting late | null | null | null | 12049 |
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null | closed_qa | When was Irina Vysheslavska born? | Irina Vysheslavska was born in Kiev on February 20, 1939, into a family of great cultural traditions. Her father Leonid Vysheslavsky was a noted poet and her mother Agnes Baltaga was a writer. Several of her ancestors were priests in Greece, Romania and Ukraine. | Irina Vysheslavska was born on February 20, 1939. | null | null | null | 12050 |
null | general_qa | Is it better to ski or snowboard? | This depends on individual preference. Most people find skiing easier to pick up, so if you are a beginner to snow sports, skiing might be an excellent place to start. There are more skiers than snowboarders, so that some people might choose skiing for that reason. Additionally, there are ski-only resorts for skiers to visit but no snowboarder-only resorts, which gives people who ski a broader pool of mountains to visit. Snowboarders might say snowboarding is better because snowboard boots are more comfortable and easier to walk in. | null | null | null | 12051 |
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null | open_qa | What is molecular biology? | Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.[ The study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules is known as molecular biology.
Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena - uncovering the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions, and how these interactions explain observations of classical biology.
In 1945 the term molecular biology was used by physicist William Astbury. In 1953 Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues, working at Medical Research Council unit, Cavendish laboratory, Cambridge (now the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology), made a double helix model of DNA which changed the entire research scenario. They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. This research then lead to finding DNA material in other microorganisms, plants and animals.
Molecular biology is not simply the study of biological molecules and their interactions; rather, it is also a collection of techniques developed since the field's genesis which have enabled scientists to learn about molecular processes. In this way it has both complemented and improved biochemistry and genetics as methods (of understanding nature) that began before its advent. One notable technique which has revolutionized the field is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was developed in 1983. PCR is a reaction which amplifies small quantities of DNA, and it is used in many applications across scientific disciplines.
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.
Molecular biology also plays a critical role in the understanding of structures, functions, and internal controls within individual cells, all of which can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology. Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy whereas the use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine. | null | null | null | 12052 |
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null | general_qa | what was the world's first stored-program computer? | The Manchester Baby was the world's first stored-program computer. It was built at the University of Manchester in England by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948. It was designed as a testbed for the Williams tube, the first random-access digital storage device. | null | null | null | 12053 |
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null | brainstorming | What should I do if my laptop has been hacked? | If your laptop has been hacked, you can be in a big trouble. Attackers may have stolen all your confidential data and passwords. It is better to ask for helps from security experts. It is also important to reset all your passwords. Do not turn on your laptop and if it is a personal laptop make sure to re-install your operating system. Check your recent bank account activities to ensure that you have not lost any money. | null | null | null | 12054 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me list of last 10 presidents of US. | Sure, here is the list of last 10 presidents of the US:
Richard Nixon
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
George H.W. Bush
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Donald Trump
Joe Biden | null | null | null | 12055 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a brief history of the world as told from the perspective of a redwood. | The first thing I remember is darkness. I had found myself nestled under a pile of leaves and broken branches, just starting to sprout from an old rotting stump. It was pretty warm. As I peeked into the crisp new air, I saw ferns, spiders, and buzzing flies surrounding me. But the thing that caught my attention most of all was the bright blue sky. I wondered what was out there and if I would ever get to see it. I had just met this world and wanted to learn so much more. But I was only 3 inches tall and couldn't see much of anything. So I waited.
As I got taller, the days began to feel shorter. My favorite part of the day was feeling the wind blow through my newly acquired canopy of needles. It wasn't much to look at, but I was proud. I'd often stare at the giant trees around me. How I yearned to be one of the tall redwoods. They were kings of the forest; nothing stood taller. I wanted to see what they could see from way up there. One day I'll be one of them.
Days turned to weeks, and weeks turned into years, and it all felt so rushed that I could hardly keep track of the changing world around me. I had grown tall enough to see through a clearing in the upper canopy. Beyond our patch of trees was a mountain of countless others. Looking out into the endless distance, I began to feel small. What a strange feeling. One cloudy day, I saw a lightning bolt strike a hilltop. Soon enough, bright orange flames erupted across the horizon. What a peculiar sight. What began as a curiosity soon became terror as the fire rushed closer to my area of the woods. I could feel the warm wind on my face as the fire grew more prominent. Mercifully, the dark clouds hanging overhead opened up to a torrential downpour. Cold pelting raindrops replaced the warm breeze, night fell over the mountain, and the forest breathed a sigh of relief.
I awoke to a strange sight when the sun returned the next day. What was once hundreds of proud redwoods was now a deep black scar on the mountain. That would be me one day. | null | null | null | 12056 |
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null | open_qa | Name well known movies with George Clooney. | Well known movies with George Clooney are Up in the Air, Ocean's Eleven, Gravity, and Three Kings. | null | null | null | 12057 |
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null | summarization | Give me a short bulleted list of the key points about the parallel universes in this passage. | The multiverse is a hypothetical group of multiple universes. Together, these universes are presumed to comprise everything that exists: the entirety of space, time, matter, energy, information, and the physical laws and constants that describe them. The different universes within the multiverse are called "parallel universes", "other universes", "alternate universes", or "many worlds". One common assumption is that the multiverse is a "patchwork quilt of separate universes all bound by the same laws of physics." The concept of multiple universes, or a multiverse, has been discussed throughout history, with origins in ancient Greek philosophy. It has evolved over time and has been debated in various fields, including cosmology, physics, and philosophy. Some physicists argue that the multiverse is a philosophical notion rather than a scientific hypothesis, as it cannot be empirically falsified. In recent years, there have been proponents and skeptics of multiverse theories within the physics community. Although some scientists have analyzed data in search of evidence for other universes, no statistically significant evidence has been found. Critics argue that the multiverse concept lacks testability and falsifiability, which are essential for scientific inquiry, and that it raises unresolved metaphysical issues. | Here are a short bulleted list of the key points about the "parallel universes" (the "multiverse", "other universes", "alternate universes", or "many worlds"):
- It is a hypothetical group of multiple universes which together are presumed to comprise the entirety of space, time, matter, energy, information, and the physical laws and constants that describe them.
- It has been the subject of debates in cosmology, physics, and philosophy.
- Some argue that the "parallel universes" concept lacks testability and falsifiability, and so it is a more of a philosophical notion rather than a scientific hypothesis. | null | null | null | 12058 |
null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about Marcus Morton, tell me what year he was born and why he let the Democratic Party. | Marcus Morton (1784 – February 6, 1864) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician from Taunton, Massachusetts. He served two terms as Governor of Massachusetts and several months as Acting Governor following the death in 1825 of William Eustis. He served for 15 years as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, all the while running unsuccessfully as a Democrat for governor. He finally won the 1839 election, acquiring exactly the number of votes required for a majority win over Edward Everett. After losing the 1840 and 1841 elections, he was elected in a narrow victory in 1842.
The Massachusetts Democratic Party was highly factionalized, which contributed to Morton's long string of defeats. His brief periods of ascendancy, however, resulted in no substantive Democratic-supported reforms, since the dominant Whigs reversed most of the changes enacted during his terms. An opponent of the extension of slavery, he split with longtime friend John C. Calhoun over that issue, and eventually left the party for the Free Soil movement. He was considered by Martin Van Buren as a potential vice presidential running mate in 1848. | Marcus Morton was born in 1784. He left the Democratic Party because he opposed the extension of slavery. | null | null | null | 12059 |
null | open_qa | How many strings are on a violin? | Four | null | null | null | 12060 |
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null | open_qa | Where is Seth McFarlane from? | Kent, Connecticut | null | null | null | 12061 |
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null | closed_qa | Given the reference text about Tottenham Hotspur, what was the name of the stadium that the new stadium replaced? | Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham (/ˈtɒtənəm/) or Spurs, is a professional football club based in Tottenham, London, England. It competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The team has played its home matches in the 62,850-capacity Tottenham Hotspur Stadium since April 2019, replacing their former home of White Hart Lane, which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site.
Founded in 1882, Tottenham's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football, with the Latin motto Audere est Facere ("to dare is to do"). The club has traditionally worn white shirts and navy blue shorts as their home kit since the 1898–99 season. Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross, Enfield. After its inception, Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901, the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888. Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double, winning both competitions in the 1960–61 season. After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962, in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition – the European Cup Winners' Cup. They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972, becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies. They collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s, an achievement only matched by Manchester United. | The name of the stadium that was replaced by the new stadium is White Hart Lane. | null | null | null | 12062 |
null | general_qa | Should investors time the market? | Timing the market is based on predictions of the future, which is a challenging endeavor. Benjamin Graham, the father of value investing and mentor of Warren Buffett, famously said: "In the short run, the market is a voting machine but in the long run, it is a weighing machine." This means that in the short term, market prices can be driven by unpredictable events, market sentiment, and speculation. However, in the long term, a company's fundamentals tend to drive the market. By avoiding attempts to time the market, investors can leverage the long-term growth potential of the market and avoid the risks associated with trying to predict short-term price movements. Therefore, in most cases, investors should not try to time the market. | null | null | null | 12063 |
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null | creative_writing | What is the concept of a good life according to Socrates and Aristotle, and what are the components that contribute to it? Is a good life innate or learned, and can anyone achieve it? | One of the most tantalizing and theorized about topics is that of the meaning of life and how to live a “good” one. It is human nature to explain the unknown and create explanations for the way the world works; throughout history philosophers have come to their own conclusions on why some lives are good and others are not. Two key figures that lend insight in these respects are Socrates in Plato’s The Apology, and Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics. A seemingly simple concept quickly devolves into a confusing and complex web of components that only together in the right proportions lend each man or woman a full good life. In order to discuss the way in which we are to lead a good life we must first discuss the differing factors that contribute to the definition of good in the eyes of Socrates and Aristotle. What are the components of the concept of good? Is it innate or learned? Can it be purchased? Is it temporary or is it eternal? Does it apply to one’s self or a community as a whole? Does one conduct oneself to be good? How Is a good life given by the gods or earned by humans? And although there is no definitive answer to any of these questions, in both author’s texts living a good life comes down to the choices you make and how they compare to the definition of good you subscribe to. Socrates and Aristotle use words such as virtue, courage, happiness, and intelligence to describe their versions of the path you take to reach a good life, and all are important, but the main driver of a good life is one’s ability to find the proper equilibrium between
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each of their characteristics that lend towards the development of a commonly defined good life.
Theorizing on how to live a good life leads to the necessity of defining what a good life is and the components that make it up. Aristotle theorized in Nicomachean Ethics that the idea of virtue, or excellence, can be an overarching theme for the components that make up the highest “good”, the good that is an endpoint or product encompassing the entire life before it. And the development of virtue lies within a midpoint between too much and too little of any emotion, action or characteristic.
... it is in emotions and actions that excess, deficiency and the median are found. Thus we can experience fear confidence, desire, anger, pity and generally any kind of pleasure and pain either too much or too little, and in either case not properly. But to experience all this at the right time, towards the right objects, towards the right people, for the right reason, and in the right manner — that is the median and the best course, the course that is a mark of virtue. (Aristotle. Bk. 2, pg. 43)
And still, even with the most precise definition Aristotle or Socrates gives there is a great amount of ambiguity. While some characteristics or actions are classified as inherently good or bad Aristotle theorizes that simply over exercising the usage of one or two characteristics doesn’t mean you are a good person living a good life. But rather, he states that there is a median usage point between the extrema of never and always that contributes to virtue, and then a good life. Where that point is is still unknown, partly due to the infinite situational differences one person can have versus another person
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during their lifetime and partly due to the complexity and magnitude of the variables that contribute to the person as a whole. However, Aristotle goes into a few overarching descriptors of his definition of a virtuous man or woman to help define the median between the two extrema. For example, the median for pleasure and pain is self control, between fear and confidence is courage, and righteous falls between envy and spite.1 These examples shine a light on how to find the middle between two opposing qualities, but do not instruct on how we are to lead a good life. While definitively defining the idea of good is complex the framework of thought to use when faced with daily decisions Aristotle provides allows for the discussion on how to live a good life.
Creating a structured plan for how to live a good life brings about the question can anyone live a good life? Furthermore, are the segments that complete virtue innate or are they learned? Aristotle delves into two schools of thought, the first being that there are some characteristics that born with can impede or halt one’s quest for moral virtue, and secondly, that one develops these traits over time and through ritual habit. The latter, he describes in analogy, “Similarly, we become just by the practice of just actions, self-controlled by exercising self-control, and courageous by performing acts of courage.” (Aristotle. Bk. 2, pg. 34) In other words, one becomes virtuous by continually being virtuous. Therefore, one finds oneself in a good life when one habitually lives within the middle of all opposing qualities. While not everyone in a society will live a good life, everyone within a society can live a good life. At this point it is important to
1 Examples given in Book II Ch. 7 - Nicomachean Ethics
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refer back to the definition of what a good life is, it does not mean success, fame or wealth, but rather practicing the combination of elements that create virtue.
While some qualities like virtue are relatively undisputed as good, wealth is a heavily debated part of a good life. Both Aristotle and Socrates agree that wealth is not an indicator of a good life but their thought differs when it comes to the part money plays in the development of such a life. While Aristotle believes wealth is a necessity for aspects of a virtuous life, Socrates believes that wealth is only a byproduct of a good life. Aristotle does concede to saying that, “wealth is not the good which we are trying to find, for it is only useful, i.e., it is a means to something else.” (Aristotle. Bk. 1, pg. 9) Otherwise saying that while wealth is not the end goal and is meaningless when thinking of one’s worth, it is helpful in the creation of a good life. On the other hand, Socrates writes of wealth as something that does not create excellence and at times can even inhibit it’s development. In The Apology Socrates says to the jury, “Wealth does not bring about excellence, but excellence brings about wealth and all other public and private blessings for men.” (Plato. 30b) While this quote is taken out of the context of a defensive argument, it still holds Socrates’ beliefs on wealth. He, an impoverished man, does not find the same value in money as sophists like Aristotle, and while defending his choice to not charge a fee to the pupils that followed his philosophical thought like other sophists did, he said that he is here at the service to god. Both theories on wealth’s role in a good life are important to consider. Does wealth lead to corruption and poverty to a more sinful life? Wealth, similarly to fear, needs a median. As Aristotle describes fear, too little is being reckless, while too much is being cowardly. In wealth the same thought
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can be applied, too little creates extreme poverty which distracts from living a virtuous life and too much can create different distractions that lead to the same result.
Another contesting theory is that of the length in which “goodness” lasts. When defining a good life, it is important to think about when you can use good as a descriptor. If goodness in reference to one’s life lasts forever then the term is permanent and can be applied throughout one's life. If on the contrary, goodness comes and goes throughout life the term can only be used temporarily or in posterity noting one’s life as a whole. Socrates, after the announcement of his execution states, “a good man cannot be harmed either in life or death, and that his affairs are not neglected by the gods.” (Plato. 41 c-d) Lending the idea that a good man or woman living a good life is continuous and permanent, throughout life and death. However, Aristotle argues that since a good life is a sum of smaller goods, to use the term to describe someone's life, it must come at the end of their life, looking at it as a whole. After describing smaller goals and endpoints he goes further and says, “The highest good, on the other hand, must be something final” (Aristotle. Bk. 1 pg. 14) Stating that while there are different branches of a good life, virtuous behavior is not a constant and therefore you cannot give a description to their life as a whole until it’s end. Socrates’ arguments on the length of goodness are rather naive, seeing as people change over time, only with the entire information of their lives can one make a claim as to whether or not they had a good life.
In summary, the two different views on how we are to live a good life together provide insight and theory into the subject but neither provides a complete instruction on doing so. Socrates, as written down by Plato, describes his own life which he
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considers to be a virtuous one and Aristotle provides a philosophical theory behind how to live in a virtuous way with the end goal of happiness or in other words a good life. The closest we can get to understanding how to live a good life is by understanding what makes up a good life, and even this is subjective. One person’s views on what a virtuous life means can differ greatly from the next depending on where they lived, their religious beliefs, or social status. These variances result in many different guides to and definitions of a good life. Within all the different viewpoints, a concept introduced in Nicomachean Ethics that can be widely accepted is that within someone’s life there is a median point between each of their emotions, actions and characteristics that create virtue and lead towards a good life. | null | null | null | 12064 |
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null | information_extraction | How much time violinist Ling Ling spent practicing each day? | In 2017, TwoSet Violin made a comedic reference to Ling Ling, a fictional violinist who "practices 40 hours a day". In an interview with Yle Uutiset, they described Ling Ling as the final boss of a video game: the Chuck Norris of violinists. Chen said they improvised the character from their comedy sketch video concerning a teenage violin student's tiger mom comparing the student to her friend's child. In 2018, they released a series of videos called the Ling Ling Workout. In these challenges, the duo play classical pieces (or contemporary music) with handicaps such as playing at double speed, with scordatura, while dancing or hula hooping, with hand positions reversed, or while upside down. Prominent violinists such as Ray Chen, Ziyu He, and Hilary Hahn have also attempted the challenge on their channel. | Ling Ling is the Chuck Norris of violinists. Her violin performance has far surpassed all living violin virtuosos today. | null | null | null | 12065 |
null | summarization | Was Venice always part of Italy? | The Republic of Venice lost its independence when Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Venice on 12 May 1797 during the War of the First Coalition. Napoleon was seen as something of a liberator by the city's Jewish population. He removed the gates of the Ghetto and ended the restrictions on when and where Jews could live and travel in the city.
Venice became Austrian territory when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio on 12 October 1797. The Austrians took control of the city on 18 January 1798. Venice was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy. It was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814, when it became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia. In 1848 a revolt briefly re-established the Venetian republic under Daniele Manin, but this was crushed in 1849. In 1866, after the Third Italian War of Independence, Venice, along with the rest of the Veneto, became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy. | Venice started off with refugees from neighboring Roman cities such as Padua, Aquileia, Treviso, Altino etc., and developed into a powerful maritime empire, a republic in it's own right. In 1797, Venice was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte and switched several times between being an Austrian territory, part of the Kingdom of Italy, back to being part of Austria and eventually after the Italian Independence War of 1866 to being part of Italy. | null | null | null | 12066 |
null | general_qa | How many sides and vertices does a polygon have? | A polygon is a general case for a two dimensional shape where all edges and vertices essentially form a closed shape. A triangle for example has three edges/sides, with three vertices. A Pentagon has five vertices and five sides. A Nonagon has nine sides and nine vertices, and so forth. One can formulate a rule which defines an N sided polygon. This rule would look something like: an n-sided polygon has n sides and n vertices where n is an integer greater than or equal to three and forming a closed two-dimensional shape. | null | null | null | 12067 |
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null | general_qa | What is Detroit style pizza? | Detroit pizza is cooked in a square or rectangular pan made from steel or aluminum. The dough is thicker than a typical round pizza but is more airy. An oiled pan provides a nice, crispy dough. Caramelized cheese around the edges of the pizza is one of Detroit pizza’s key features. The pizza sauce is often applied on top of the cheese layer with this style of pizza. | null | null | null | 12068 |
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null | creative_writing | Help me plan a trip to Nova Scotia | Day 1:
- Start the day with a walking tour of Old Town (2 miles / 3.2 km)
- Visit the National Museum (1 mile / 1.6 km)
- Attend a performance at the National Theater (1 mile / 1.6 km)
Day 2:
- Take a day trip to a nearby national park for hiking and wildlife viewing (60 miles / 96.5 km)
- Return to the city for dinner and drinks in the evening
Day 3:
- Visit the iconic city palace and gardens (2.5 miles / 4 km)
- Explore local markets and street food vendors (1 mile / 1.6 km)
Day 4:
- Take a scenic drive to a nearby coastal city (80 miles / 128.7 km)
- Spend the day at the beach and exploring the city's sights and cuisine
Day 5:
- Boat tour of the city's waterways (7 miles / 11.2 km)
- Visit a traditional fishing village and have a seafood lunch (15 miles / 24.1 km)
Day 6:
- Take a day trip to a nearby hill station for hiking and nature walks (40 miles / 64.4 km)
- Stop at a tea plantation for a tour and tasting (20 miles / 32.2 km)
Day 7:
- Visit a nearby UNESCO World Heritage site (50 miles / 80.5 km)
- Enjoy a cultural performance and local meal in the evening
Day 8:
- Take a leisurely bike ride along a scenic route (10 miles / 16.1 km)
- Visit a local winery for a tasting and tour (5 miles / 8 km)
Day 9:
- Visit a local art museum (2 miles / 3.2 km)
- Take a cooking class and learn to make some local dishes
Day 10:
- Spend the day exploring the city at your own pace, shopping for souvenirs, and enjoying local cuisine before departing in the evening. | null | null | null | 12069 |
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null | brainstorming | Sea or Mountain | I believe Mountain are more attractive but Ocean has it's own beauty and this tropical weather definitely turn you on! SO 50% 50% | null | null | null | 12070 |
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null | open_qa | Who has hosted Saturday Night Live the most in the history of the show? | Actor Alec Baldwin has hosted Saturday Night Live 17 times since 1990. | null | null | null | 12071 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these shows are animated or not: South Park, Rugrats, Curb Your Enthusiasm, House Hunters, Attack on Titan | South Park: Animated
Rugrats: Animated
Curb Your Enthusiasm: Not Animated
House Hunters: Not Animated
Attack on Titan: Animated | null | null | null | 12072 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of things to consider when deciding where to apply to college. | The following should be considered when deciding where to apply to college:
1. Academic programs the college offers
2. Cost of attendance
3. Location of the campus
4. Admission requirements and expectations
5. Size of the student population
6. Extracurricular activities the college offers | null | null | null | 12073 |
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null | closed_qa | Who invented scratching ? | Modern scratching techniques were made possible by the invention of direct-drive turntables, which led to the emergence of turntablism. Early belt-drive turntables were unsuitable for scratching since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear and tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching. The first direct-drive turntable was invented by Shuichi Obata, an engineer at Matsushita (now Panasonic), based in Osaka, Japan. It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests. In 1969, Matsushita released it as the SP-10, the first direct-drive turntable on the market, and the first in their influential Technics series of turntables.
In the 1970s, hip hop musicians and club DJs began to use this specialized turntable equipment to move the record back and forth, creating percussive sounds and effects–"scratching"–to entertain their dance floor audiences. Whereas the 1940s–1960s radio DJs had used back-cueing while listening to the sounds through their headphones, without the audience hearing, with scratching, the DJ intentionally lets the audience hear the sounds that are being created by manipulating the record on the turntable, by directing the output from the turntable to a sound reinforcement system so that the audience can hear the sounds. Scratching was developed by early hip hop DJs from New York City such as Grand Wizzard Theodore, who described scratching as, "nothing but the back-cueing that you hear in your ear before you push it [the recorded sound] out to the crowd." He developed the technique when experimenting with the Technics SL-1200, a direct-drive turntable released by Matsushita in 1972 when he found that the motor would continue to spin at the correct RPM even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter. Afrika Bambaataa made a similar discovery with the SL-1200 in the 1970s. The Technics SL-1200 went on to become the most widely used turntable for the next several decades.
Jamaican-born DJ Kool Herc, who immigrated to New York City, influenced the early development of scratching. Kool Herc developed break-beat DJing, where the breaks of funk songs—being the most danceable part, often featuring percussion—were isolated and repeated for the purpose of all-night dance parties. He was influenced by Jamaican dub music, and developed his turntable techniques using the Technics SL-1100, released in 1971, due to its strong motor, durability, and fidelity.
Although previous artists such as writer and poet William S. Burroughs had experimented with the idea of manipulating a reel-to-reel tape manually to make sounds, as with his 1950s recording, "Sound Piece"), vinyl scratching as an element of hip hop pioneered the idea of making the sound an integral and rhythmic part of music instead of an uncontrolled noise. Scratching is related to "scrubbing" (in terms of audio editing and production) when the reels of an open reel-to-reel tape deck (typically 1/4 inch magnetic audiotape) are gently rotated back and forth while the playback head is live and amplified, to isolate a specific spot on the tape where an editing "cut" is to be made. In the 2010s, both scratching and scrubbing can be done on digital audio workstations (DAWs) which are equipped for these techniques.
Where It All Started
DJ Sample of the song "Where it All Started"
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Christian Marclay was one of the earliest musicians to scratch outside hip hop. In the mid-1970s, Marclay used gramophone records and turntables as musical instruments to create sound collages. He developed his turntable sounds independently of hip hop DJs. Although he is little-known to mainstream audiences, Marclay has been described as "the most influential turntable figure outside hip hop" and the "unwitting inventor of turntablism."
In 1981 Grandmaster Flash released the song "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" which is notable for its use of many DJ scratching techniques. It was the first commercial recording produced entirely using turntables. In 1982, Malcolm McLaren & the World's Famous Supreme Team released a single "Buffalo Gals", juxtaposing extensive scratching with calls from square dancing, and, in 1983, the EP, D'ya Like Scratchin'?, which is entirely focused on scratching. Another 1983 release to prominently feature scratching is Herbie Hancock's Grammy Award-winning single "Rockit". This song was also performed live at the 1984 Grammy Awards, and in the documentary film Scratch, the performance is cited by many 1980s-era DJs as their first exposure to scratching. The Street Sounds Electro compilation series which started in 1983 is also notable for early examples of scratching. Also, a notable piece was "For A Few Dollars More" by Bill Laswell-Michael Beinhorn band Material, released on 12" single in Japan and containing scratch performed by Grand Mixer DXT, another pioneer of scratching. | As Scratching was a common discovery made by the arrival of direct drive turntables, it's hard to tell who was the first person scratching on a turntable, however it's a consensus that GrandMasterFlash and KoolHerc have made the genre popular | null | null | null | 12074 |
null | open_qa | What is the potential hydrogen (ph) of water? | The potential hydrogen of water measure how acidic or alkaline water is? Water with a potential hydrogen of 7.0 is considered neutral water and this kind of water is typically distilled water. Water that has a ph of less than 7.0 considered acidic water and even some bottled water has a PH less than 7.0. Water which a PH higher than 7.0 is considered alkaline. You can also adjust the PH of water with simple salts. For example baking soda can be used to raise the PH of water which is acidic and lemon juice can be used to lower the PH of water that is alkaline. | null | null | null | 12075 |
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null | information_extraction | What is fishing tackle? | Fishing tackles are the equipment used by fishers when fishing. Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called a fishing tackle, although the term is most commonly associated with gear used in angling. Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes. Fishing techniques refer to the ways the tackles are used when fishing.
Tackles that are attached to the end of a fishing line are collectively called terminal tackles. These include hooks, sinkers, floats, leader lines, swivels, split rings, and any wires, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises used to attach spinner blades to fishing lures. People also tend to use dead or live bait fish as another form of bait. | Fishing tackle is gear used to catch fish and includes hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes. | null | null | null | 12076 |
null | general_qa | Why is Citizen Kane considered the Best Film? | The American Film Institute and the British Film Institute have Citizen Kane listed as the number one movie of all time. The British Film Institute has had this rating of Citizen Kane for 50 years. There are multitudes of reasons why this is a deserving title with a few examples below.
1. Citizen Kane was a thinly veiled movie about a powerful person. Even before the movie was released newspaper magnate William R Hearst became aware that Kane had many similarities to Hearst. Both controlled media empires, ran for office, and had giant mansions filled with odds and ends. Where it allegedly became personal was when scenes showing Kane's wife put through an humiliating run in showbiz propped up by Kane's largesse mirrored Hearst a bit too closely to real life. Hearst reportedly offered to buy all copies of the film and told newspapers to not print anything or even mention its name.
2. It heralded a new age of cinematography in 1941. Citizen Kane pioneered in the mainstream many types of compositions and angles we now find quite common. For a low angle shot in an office to show Kane's towering presence film cameras were too heavy and bulky to sit on the floor. Cinematographer Gregg Toland solved this by having a hole dug deep enough for camera and tripod to achieve the desired effect. Also the concept of "deep focus" or achieving a large depth of field to make characters near and far appear sharp is difficult to achieve. These scenes were used to great effect to portray Kane as being surrounded and alone with his wealth later in the movie. They also provided a literal window into a young innocent Kane during a tense scene inside the house, to which Kane was blissfully unaware but the audience experienced both to jarring effect.
3. Orson Welles was famous and an excellent promoter. Up to this point Welles most famous exploit had been his radio re-enactment of H.G. Wells "War of the Worlds." Choosing to follow a newsreel style format and not having an intro saying this is a work of fiction many listeners at home were swept up in the drama and thought an alien invasion was happening. His popularity from this event carried a great deal of interest over to his first film. For his first film to come together with a compelling story, technical wizardry, and cultural relevancy truly made it the standard for what a "Best Film..." should be.
As a sidenote in 1921 Citizen Kane won 9 Academy awards including Best Picture, Director, Editing, and Cinematography. Orson Welles would never have a similar level of success with his later films. | null | null | null | 12077 |
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null | open_qa | what was the biggest tax change from tax reform | competitive US corp tax rates when compared to rest of world | null | null | null | 12078 |
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null | information_extraction | Based on the passage provided, who is allowed to drive the beach strand route that connects Bald Head Island and Fort Fisher? | Bald Head Island, historically Smith Island, is a village located on the east side of the Cape Fear River in Brunswick County, North Carolina, United States. Compared to the nearby city of Wilmington to the north, the village of Bald Head Island is small and somewhat remote. It is accessible by ferry from the nearby town of Southport and by four-wheel drive vehicle along the beach strand from Fort Fisher to the north. Only government officials are allowed to drive the beach strand route. There are few cars on the island; instead, residents drive modified electric golf carts. Bald Head Island is nationally recognized for its sea turtle nesting activity.
The population of the village was 158 at the 2010 census. The village is part of the Wilmington metropolitan area.
The village is revered for its picturesque nature and is a popular location for vacationing. It was the primary filming location for the film Weekend at Bernie's in 1989 as well as a major location in The Butcher's Wife in 1991. "Old Baldy", its out-of-service lighthouse built in 1817, is the oldest still standing in the state. | Only government officials are allowed to drive the beach strand route that connects Fort Fisher and Bald Head Island. | null | null | null | 12079 |
null | open_qa | What are ways to calm myself down when I get upset? | If you become upset or agitated, a great way to calm down is take a deep breath, like a “dragon breath.” Breathe in as deeply as you can and then breathe out slowly. Repeat this several times. You can also lay on the floor for several minutes. Laying on the floor can be particularly grounding. Another way to relax when you get upset is to go outside and look at the sky or a body of water if you can get to one. Look for a flying bird, or focus on a small flower or piece of grass. A long walk can also help calm you down. | null | null | null | 12080 |
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null | open_qa | How many states are there in the United States? | 50 | null | null | null | 12081 |
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null | open_qa | What are the words of House Swyft? | "Awake! Awake!" | null | null | null | 12082 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these sports require a ball or not to play: basketball, hockey, track and field, soccer, surfing, water polo, karate, football, gymnastics, skateboarding, golf, tennis, boxing, baseball, rugby, weightlifting, softball, rowing | Basketball, soccer, water polo, football, golf, tennis, baseball, rugby, and softball require a ball to play. Hockey, track and field, surfing, karate, gymnastics, skateboarding, boxing, weightlifting, and rowing do not require a ball. | null | null | null | 12083 |
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null | open_qa | Name some famous teams in the Premier League | Manchester United, Manchester City, Arsenal, Liverpool, Chelsea, Hotspur, etc | null | null | null | 12084 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this article about the NSA's ANT catalog, Which hacking tools are used to infect the BIOS of computers or networking devices? | The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software.
Background
The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks.
In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed.
Publication
Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about "the militarization of the Internet" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents.
Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were "deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues." Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel.
Source
The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023.
Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog.
Content
The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000.
Capabilities in the ANT catalog
Page Code name Description Unit price in US$
NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000
NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300
NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000
NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960
NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000
NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can "illuminate" a target system for recovery of "off net" information. N/A
NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000
NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0
NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP "A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted." 0
NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000
NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000
NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A
NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740
NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000
NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500
NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0
NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0
NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0
NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A
NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A
NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750
NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0
NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also "Straitbizarre" and "Unitedrake" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0
NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A
NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0
NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30
NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000
NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0
NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000
NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A
NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A
NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000
NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000
NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30
NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000
NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0
NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000
NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30
NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0
NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30
NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A
NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0
NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250
NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A
NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable "finishing tool" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A
NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0
Follow-up developments
Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog.
NSA Playset
The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: "For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH." The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: "If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!"
Name Description
TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring.
LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS.
DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables.
PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone.
KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM).
SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO.
ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device.
CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system.
TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer.
BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration.
SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK.
CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND.
TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.
CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.)
See also
Cyberwarfare in the United States
Equation Group
MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer
Stuxnet
WARRIOR PRIDE
Explanatory notes
Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known.
The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a "50-page document" and that "nearly 50 pages" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete.
If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price
For two months
Including installation costs
When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000
Up to 4,000
Varies from platform to platform
Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations
100 units for 625,000 | DEITYBOUNCE, IRONCHEF, SOUFFLETROUGH, and SWAP are hacking tools that can be used to infect servers, computers, and networking devices.
DEITYBOUNCE is technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s).
IRONCHEF is technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS.
SOUFFLETROUGH is BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls.
SWAP is technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. | null | null | null | 12085 |
null | classification | Classify each of the following financial assets as either liquid or illiquid; checking accounts, savings accounts, certificate of deposits (CDs), Stocks, Bonds, mutual funds, Real estate investment trusts (REITs), Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), 401K, Investment Art, Physical Property. | Liquid assets are those assets that can be very quickly sold without significant loss in value. This demands a healthy a vibrant market (demand) for these assets the most relatable example being money. Given this definition assets like checking accounts, individual stocks, Exchange Traded Funds, Real estate Investment Trusts, and some types of highly popular short-term bonds are considered highly liquid. Selling these assets immediately and without loss on face value is trivial and non-restricted. Assets such as Mutual Funds which have restrictions on selling, Certificates of Deposits which tie your money up for a length of time, Investment Art, and Physical Property are often considered illiquid as it is either not allowed by contract or there simply isn't enough interest in a market to be able to sell these assets in a timely fashion and without loss of value. | null | null | null | 12086 |
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null | closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Chief Uncas, who was he? | Uncas was born near the Thames River in present-day Connecticut, the son of the Mohegan sachem Owaneco. Uncas is a variant of the Mohegan term Wonkus, meaning "Fox". He was a descendant of the principal sachems of the Mohegans, Pequots, and Narragansetts. Owaneco presided over the village known as Montonesuck. Uncas was bilingual, learning Mohegan and some English, and possibly some Dutch.
In 1626, Owaneco arranged for Uncas to marry the daughter of the principal Pequot sachem Tatobem to secure an alliance with them. Owaneco died shortly after this marriage, and Uncas had to submit to Tatobem's authority. Tatobem was captured and killed by the Dutch in 1633; Sassacus became his successor, but Uncas felt that he deserved to be sachem.
Owaneco's alliance with Tatobem was based upon a balance of power between the Mohegans and Pequots. After the death of Owaneco, the balance changed in favour of the Pequots. Uncas was unwilling to challenge the power of Tatobem; however, Uncas did begin contesting Pequot authority over the Mohegans. In 1634 with Narragansett support, Uncas rebelled against Sassacus and Pequot authority. Uncas was defeated and became an exile among the Narragansetts. He soon returned from exile after ritually humiliating himself before Sassacus. His failed challenges resulted in Uncas having little land and few followers, but Uncas saw that the newly arriving Puritan colonists, though few in number, had better weapons and much courage, so he started to develop a new strategy and alliance to work towards his ultimate goal of Grand Sachem. | Uncas (c. 1588 – c. 1683) was a sachem of the Mohegans who made the Mohegans the leading regional Indian tribe in lower Connecticut, through his alliance with the New England colonists against other Indian tribes. | null | null | null | 12087 |
null | open_qa | Who is widely considered the GOAT of basketball? | Michael Jordan | null | null | null | 12088 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a listing of ways I can incorporate physical activity into my daily routine. | Incorporating physical activity into your daily routine can come in many forms. Some examples include standing, walking, running, jogging, and walking the dog. You can also incorporate physical activity into everyday activities such as parking further away from the store's entrance in order to walk more. | null | null | null | 12089 |
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null | classification | Which months of the year are considered summer, spring, winter and autumn. | Seasons depend on where you live. In the US, summer is usually June through August. Spring is March through May. Fall is September through November. Winter is December through February. | null | null | null | 12090 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a passage about how you learnt to ride the bike | It was a calm sunny evening when my dad pushed me to try the new bike he got me as my birthday gift. I was initially hesitant but agreed since I had seen other kids having a lot of fun in their bikes. I put on my helmet and sat on the bicycle as my dad pushed me from behind in our walkway. After a few minutes, I turned back and I didn't see my dad anymore. I tried balancing but fell down. My dad came running and said 'accidents happen but they help you get better'. So I kept on trying and at one point, I got the hang of it. Riding the bike was the best thing I had learnt until that point and I couldn't wait to ride it again! | null | null | null | 12091 |
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null | information_extraction | What is Dharma Sabha | Dharma Sabha was formed in 1830 in Calcutta by Radhakanta Deb. The organization was established mainly to counter the ongoing social reform movements led by protagonists such as Raja Ram Mohun Roy and Henry Derozio. More specifically, the impetus of forming the organization came from a new law enacted by the colonial British rule which banned the barbaric practice of burning widows alive (sati) in the country; the focus of the new association was to repel the law which was seen as an intrusion by the British into the religious affairs of the indigenous people by some sections of the Hindu community. The Dharma Sabha filed an appeal in the Privy Council against the ban on Sati by Lord William Bentinck as, according to them, it went against the assurance given by George III of non-interference in Hindu religious affairs; however, their appeal was rejected and the ban on Sati was upheld in 1832. It published a newspaper called Samachar Chandrika.
The Dharma Sabha campaigned against the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856 and submitted a petition against the proposal with nearly four times more signatures than the one submitted for it by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. However Lord Dalhousie personally finalized the bill despite the opposition and it being considered a flagrant breach of Hindu customs as prevalent then, and it was passed by Lord Canning.
The organization soon morphed into a 'society in defense of Hindu way of life or culture'.[ | The Dharma Sabha was formed in 1830 in Calcutta by Radhakanta Deb to counter the ongoing social reform movements led by protagonists such as Raja Ram Mohun Roy and Henry Derozio. The organization was established to repel a new law enacted by British colonial rule, which banned the barbaric practice of burning widows alive (sati) in the country. The Dharma Sabha filed an appeal in the Privy Council against the ban on Sati by Lord William Bentinck, but their request was rejected, and the ban on Sati was upheld in 1832. It published a newspaper called Samachar Chandrika. | null | null | null | 12092 |
null | brainstorming | Given me a list of the seven most recent Indian prime ministers | Here is the list of the seven most recent Indian Prime ministers:
1. Narendra Modi - 2104 - now
2. Manmohan Singh - 2004 - 2014
3. Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1998 - 2004
4. Inder Kumar Gujral 1997 - 1998
5. H. D. Deve Gowda 1996 - 1997
6. Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1996 - 1996
7. P. V. Narasimha Rao 1991 - 1996 | null | null | null | 12093 |
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null | summarization | Based on the reference text, provide a concise overview of the main objectives of the Federal Reserve | The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.[list 1] Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.
Congress established three key objectives for monetary policy in the Federal Reserve Act: maximizing employment, stabilizing prices, and moderating long-term interest rates. The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate. Its duties have expanded over the years, and currently also include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Fed also conducts research into the economy and provides numerous publications, such as the Beige Book and the FRED database.
The Federal Reserve System is composed of several layers. It is governed by the presidentially-appointed board of governors or Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in cities throughout the nation, regulate and oversee privately-owned commercial banks. Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in, and can elect some board members of, the Federal Reserve Bank of their region.
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy. It consists of all seven members of the board of governors and the twelve regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote at a time—the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one-year voting terms. There are also various advisory councils.[list 2] It has a structure unique among central banks, and is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury, an entity outside of the central bank, prints the currency used.
The federal government sets the salaries of the board's seven governors, and it receives all the system's annual profits, after dividends on member banks' capital investments are paid, and an account surplus is maintained. In 2015, the Federal Reserve earned a net income of $100.2 billion and transferred $97.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury, and 2020 earnings were approximately $88.6 billion with remittances to the U.S. Treasury of $86.9 billion. Although an instrument of the U.S. government, the Federal Reserve System considers itself "an independent central bank because its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the president or by anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government, it does not receive funding appropriated by Congress, and the terms of the members of the board of governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms." | The main objectives of the Federal Reserve are to maximize employment, stabilize prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. | null | null | null | 12094 |
null | general_qa | What is the key to longevity? | Researchers and doctors have been studying this for many years and a number of patterns has consistently shown to be true: It's a combination of nutrition, exercise and sleep. From a nutrition perspective, a predominantly plant-based diet is the way to go. The Mediterranean diet continues to outperform all other diets year after year. A plant-based diet can not only prevent disease but it can reverse cardiovascular illness and many others. We now also have enough evidence on the importance of movement, exercise and specifically a combination of resistance and endurance training. Muscle growth is not only positive for the muscles themselves but it also positively affects bone density (which we tend to lose as we age), as well as effects on your immune system, gut microbiome and even mental health. The positives are endless. Lastly, if we do not get proper sleep (typically 7-9hours/night), the other two factors, diet and exercise, will not be optimal. Consistency in going to sleep and waking up at the same time is crucial to overall wellbeing and recovery.
Researchers of the Blue Zones argue that another crucial part to living healthily into old age is the social circle or community we are part of.
If you want to live a long and healthy life, eat more plants, exercise, get some sleep and spend time with your friends and family. | null | null | null | 12095 |
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null | classification | I want to go to Europe, which of these cities are in that continent? Lisbon, Barcelona, Paris, Rome, London, Tokyo, New York City, Perth? | Lisbon, Barcelona, Paris, Rome and London are in Europe. Tokyo is in Asia, New York City is in North America, and Perth is in Australia. | null | null | null | 12096 |
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null | classification | Which is a species of fish? American sole or American dream | American sole | null | null | null | 12097 |
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null | general_qa | Why is football/soccer called the beautiful game. | No one exactly knows where the phrase come from, but it was popularized by Pelé during his career. Football is played by 200 countries, and half of the world’s population turns in to watch the World Cup. The sport is beloved for its ability to bring fans from all over the world together, its unpredictable nature, the skill and artistry of the players footwork, goals and it's truly a team sport, where anyone has an opportunity to score the goal that takes your team to victory. It's an equalizer, no need for helmets, pads, and any other fancy equipment, all you need are your feet and a ball to play the beautiful game. | null | null | null | 12098 |
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null | brainstorming | Why Bollywood is so famous | Because of all famous actor and female actor and their famous Bollywood movies which earns billions of Rupees | null | null | null | 12099 |
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