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fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is an immense public health problem in vitro studies support the hypothesis that l cell adhesion molecule l is a target for ethanol etoh developmental neurotoxicity l is critical for the development of the CE NS it functions through signal transduction leading to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosines on its cytoplasmic domain the function of l is also dependent on trafficking through lipid rafts lrs our hypothesis is that l is a target for etoh neurotoxicity in vivo our objective is to demonstrate changes in l phosphorylationdephosphorylation and lr association in vivo | MEDAL |
kö competitively inhibited the increases in HR rate produced by isoprenaline in anaesthetized dogs kö was times more AS than propranolol in blocking an isoprenaline induced tachycardia in anaesthetized dogs but only three times more AS in blocking the increase in femoral blood flow produced by the i.t. of isoprenaline into the FA i.a. these observations suggest that kö may have some cardioselective activity when a series of doses of kö was injected intravenously into anaesthetized dogs the lower doses decreased HR rate while the larger doses increased HR rate the same doses of propranolol reduced HR rate in lightly anaesthetized dogs a series of doses of kö progressively increased heart rate while propranolol produced little change these observations indicate that kö has slight ISA the oral administration of kö and propranolol had no effect on resting heart rate in man but reduced the increases produced by HUT standing and exercise | MEDAL |
the aim of the study was to search for novel targets of autoantibodies in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes pns pns are mediated by immune reactions against autoantigens shared by the CA cells and the NS by serological screening of a rat cerebellum cdna expression library using antihupositive sera from three patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis pem we identified an open reading frame encoding an isoform of the btbkelch protein klhl immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the klhl protein is expressed in the nuclei of neurones but not in other tissues of the strategy utilization due to aging restrains their SM for procedural sentences | MEDAL |
we have previously shown that the first generation HIV virus hiv fusion inhibitor t fuzeon contains a critical lipidbinding domain lbd whereas c another antihiv peptide derived from the gp CT heptad repeat consists of an important pocketbinding domain pbd and both share a common HR hr sequence liu s jing w cheung b lu h sun j yan x niu j farmar j wu s and jiang s j biol chem t the F2 hiv F0 inhibitor has both lbd and pbd but a different hr sequence suggesting that these three antihiv MMP may have distinct mechanisms of action here we rationally designed a set of MMP that contain multiple copies of a predicted hr sequence hr or the hr sequence plus either lbd hrlbd or pbd pbdhr or both pbdhrlbd and we compared their antihiv activity and biophysical properties we found that the peptide hr exhibited lowtomoderate inhibitory activity on hivmediated cellcell fusion whereas addition of lbd andor pbd to the hr CS resulted in a significant increase of the antihiv activity the MMP containing pbd including pbdhr and pbdhrlbd could form a stable sixhelix bundle with the npeptide n and effectively blocked the gp core formation whereas the MMP containing lbd eg hrlbd and pbdhrlbd could interact with the lipid vehicles these results suggest that the hr sequence in these antihiv peptides acts as a structure domain and is responsible for its interaction with the hr CS in nterminal HR whereas pbd and lbd are critical for interactions with their corresponding targets t c and t may CF like hrlbd pbdhr and pbdhrlbd respectively to interact with different target CS for inhibiting hiv F0 and entry therefore this study provides important information for understanding the mechanisms of action of the peptic hiv fusion inhibitors and for rational design of novel antiviral peptides against hiv and other viruses with class i fusion proteins | MEDAL |
in order to study the antibacterial activity of local anesthetics quantitatively we procured their minimum inhibitory concentration mic killing curves and postantibiotic effect pae using the standard colony of staphylococcus aureus atcc SE atcc and PA nctc both BUP and lidocaine had bactericidal activity at a clinical concentration mic of the former was lower than that of the latter and it means that bupivacaine has a greater antibacterial activity than lidocaine aly with IP defects was seen in all territories with significant coronary narrowing in local correspondence to clearing defects initial ippa accumulations could be observed with later ON of clearing between and min territories presented abnormal clearing rates mostly with a patchy pattern with normal coronary anatomy but all except one had lv dysfunction and a clinical diagnosis of cardiomyopathy diabetes mellitus or hypertensive disease twenty four of the patients with cad had in correspondence to a prior myocardial infarction minimum or missing metabolic activity frequently in circumscribed zones partly separated by bridges of still viable tissue with preserved but reduced clearing rates | MEDAL |
we investigated the production of extracellular elastase acid proteinase and phospholipase enzyme activities in clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus aspergillus flavus and aspergillus niger and any possible correlation between the existence of these enzymes and development of IA a total of strains a fumigatus a flavus a niger isolated from patients with invasive aspergillosis n superficial aspergillosis n allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis n and from those colonized with aspergillus n were included in the study the enzymatic activities were tested on solid media supplemented with the corresponding substrates elastase activity was detected in and of a fumigatus a flavus and a niger isolates respectively acid proteinase activity was detected only for a fumigatus and in of isolates belonging to this species phospholipase activity was present in all strains of a fumigatus and a niger but in none of the isolates of a flavus no statistical correlation could be established between the existence of elastase or acid proteinase activity and OD of invasive disease p while high phospholipase production was found to be associated with development of IA p not all isolates that caused invasive diseases showed high phospholipase activities | MEDAL |
rna interference rnai was reported to block SH b virus hbv gene expression and replication in vitro and in vivo however it remains a technical challenge for rnaibased therapy to achieve longterm and CR inhibition effects in chronic hbv infection which presumably requires more extensive and uniform transduction of the whole INF hepatocytes to increase the in vivo transfection efficiency in liver we used a doublestranded adenoassociated virus pseudotyped vector dsaav to deliver shrna hbv transgenic mice were used as an rat to evaluate the inhibition effects of the rnaibased GT a single administration of dsaav vector carrying hbvspecific shrna effectively suppressed the steady level of hbv protein mrna and replicative dna in liver of hbv transgenic mice leading to up to log decrease in hbv load in the circulation significant hbv suppression sustained for at least days T3 vector administration the therapeutic effect of shrna was target CS dependent and did not involve activation of interferon these results underscore the potential for developing rnaibased thersubstantially reducing the quantities of solvents and samples used and allowed rapid automated sequential analyses the method was optimised and validated using a dialyzed human plasma matrix the plasma samples were analysed after a simple rapid deproteinisation procedure with acetonitrile and diluted times before direct injection into the MS for product ion scan msms analysis in positive ionisation the total analysis time was min including capillary preconditioning and acquisition time min the method was sensitive allowing the determination of l lacetyl and lpropionylcarnitines at and nm concentrations injected values corresponding to lower limit of quantitation values in plasma of and microm respectively the method was processed for full validation and applied to the analysis of lcarnitine and its short chain derivatives in human plasma samples | MEDAL |
the fungi of the order mucorales cause mucormycosis which usually presents as an invasive fungal disease with rapid angioinvasion in ICP rhinocerebral is the most common presentation the lipid formulations of amphotericin b are used as primary treatment in invasive mucormycosis the combined use of posaconazole could allow a reduction in the dose of amphotericin b improving tolerance and adherence to treatment caspofungin and amphotericin b association has been shown to be synergistic in vitro and ERP in mu models we present the case of a preschool patient that during the debut of ALL one developed a rhinocerebral mucormycosis successfully responding to antifungal treatment with the combination of liposomal amphotericin and caspofungin | MEDAL |
our experience with cases of cystic dilation of the biliary tract is reported children with choledochal cyst were treated by cystduodenostomy cases and excision of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy cases patient who presented with carolis disease was not operated at long term followup all patients except are asymptomatic a yearold girl who presented with acute one years following cystduodenostomy early in our experience underwent excision of the CC and hepaticojejunostomy with uneventful postoperative course we conclude that in the era of modern imaging accurate preoperative diagnosis may contribute to better planning and outcome of the surgical treatment of these relatively rare congenital biliary anomalies | MEDAL |
increasing prevalence of morbid obesity in germany is associated with an increasing number of bariatric surgical interventionsbased on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery with regard to a significant reduction of body weight and comorbidity as well as improvement of the SQ of life compared with conservative measures its value and impact has been substantially increased LT metabolic deficits such as nutrient deficiencies can be considered the main risks of various restrictive combined and malabsorptive procedures of bariatric surgerythe aim of this overview is to characterize metabolic complications after bariatric surgery and their prophylaxis which require a temporary or permanent surveillance and if necessary ERP supplementationbariatric surgical interventions such as GB gb and sleeve gastrectomy sg can be subsequently associated with deficiencies related to bâvitamins whereas iron folate and vitamins b b and d deficiencies might be consequences of malabsorptive procedures such as biliopancreatic diversion DS and rouxeny gastric bypassdue to possible metabolic and surgical complications T3 bariatric surgery patients need to undergo lifelong followup investigations the currently available guidelines of the american association of bariatric and metabolic surgery are the basis for the latest recommendations on supplementation and treatment in bariatric surgery | MEDAL |
the expression DP of ccaatenhancer IB proteinbeta cebpbeta was investigated in thyroid cells and tissues translation of cebpbeta mrna results in the production of two isoforms liverenriched transcriptional activating protein lap and liverenriched transcriptional inhibitory protein lip the latter lacking the transactivation domain we found that lap and lip are expressed in the rat TG and in the frtl and pccl rat thyroid cell lines thyrotropin tsh insulin and serum withdrawal from cultures of thyroid cells induced downregulation of lap and lip expression subsequent activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate camp and insulin signaling pathways reinduced both isoforms vectors expressing rat lap and lip were constructed to study the effect of cebpbeta isoforms on the activity of the NIS nis promoter in pccl cells the campstimulated activity of the nis promoter was decreased by overexpression of lap whereas lip had no significant effect expression of cebpbeta was studied by immunohistochemistry in normal human thyroid and PTC cancer tissues cebpbeta immunostaining was always restricted to the nuclei of the normal thyrocytes in contrast cebpbeta was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells these data suggest that this factor may play important roles in the regulation of thyroidspecific genes and processes and that its functions are altered in human thyroid carcinoma | MEDAL |
in order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex neuronal nitric oxide synthase nnos betadystroglycan and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nnos betadystroglycan dystrophin and the individual components of the sarcoglycan complex by using triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy each molecule of alpha beta gamma and deltasarcoglycans is located intracellularly or extracellularly near the muscle BPM mostly in accordance with the sarcoglycan antigenic CS against which the antibodies were generated the association of different two andor three SG molecules out of alpha beta gamma and deltasarcoglycan molecules was frequently observed each molecule of nnos betadystroglycan and dystrophin was ultrastructurally noted along the cell surface of normal skeletal myofibers moreover the close relation of a SG molecule with betadystroglycan and dystrophin and the association of nnos with dystrophin were also confirmed ultrastructurally thus this T0 demonstrated that the constituting molecules of the SG complex nnos betadystroglycan and dystrophin existed in the form of a cluster at the normal muscle plasma membrane the association of nnos with dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins may form a macromolecular signaling complex at the muscle BPM | MEDAL |
to date several clinical trials have compared differences in gl fluctuation observed with DPP inhibitor treatment in patients with type diabetes mellitus however most patients were assessed for limited periods or during hospitalization the aim of the present T0 was to evaluate the effects of switching from sitagliptin to vildagliptin or vice versa on week gl fluctuations using selfmonitoring of blood gl in the SC setting we conducted a multicenter prospective openlabel controlled trial in japanese patients with type diabetes thirtytwo patients were treated with vildagliptin mg twice daily or sitagliptin mg once daily and were allocated to one of two groups vildagliptin treatment for weeks before switching to sitagliptin for weeks or vice versa daily profiles of blood glucose were assessed several times during each treatment period and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and mvalue were calculated metabolic biomarkers such as hemoglobin ac hbac GA and anhydroglucitol were also assessed with vildagliptin treatment MAGE was significantly improved compared with sitagliptin treatment ± vs ± mgdl p mvalue p and mean blood glucose p were also lower with vildagliptin as were hbac GA and anhydroglucitol there were no significant differences in other metabolic parameters evaluated reduction of daily blood glucose profile fluctuations by vildagliptin was superior to that of sitagliptin in japanese patients with type diabetes | MEDAL |
three regions of the macaque inferior parietal lobule and adjacent lateral intraparietal sulcus ips are distinguished by the relative strengths of their connections with the superior colliculus PHG and VP premotor SC it was hypothesized that connectivity information could therefore be used to identify similar Az in the human parietal cortex using DWI and probabilistic tractography unusually the subcortical routes of the projections have been reported in the macaque so it was possible to compare not only the terminations of connections but also their course the medial ips had the highest probability of connection with the superior colliculus the projection pathway resembled that connecting parietal cortex and superior colliculus in the macaque the posterior angular gyrus and the adjacent superior occipital gyrus had a high probability of connection with the PHG the projection pathway resembled the macaque VPI longitudinal fascicle which connects these Az the ventral premotor SC had a high probability of connection with the supramarginal gyrus and anterior ips the connection was mediated by the third CB of the superior longitudinal fascicle which interconnects similar regions in the macaque human parietal areas have anatomical connections resembling those of functionally related macaque parietal Az | MEDAL |
the objective was to T0 the associations between SS selenium concentration and thyroid volume as well as the association between serum selenium concentration and risk for an enlarged TG in an area with mild iodine deficiency before and after iodine fortification was introduced another objective was to examine the association between SS selenium concentration and prevalence of thyroid nodules | MEDAL |
the structure of metalfree gl isomerase of streptomyces albus CS number yt atcc has been analysed and refined at a the space group is i with cell dimensions a b and c a and there is one monomer of the tetrameric molecule per asymmetric unit the data were recorded from two crystals of the protein using synchrotron radiation from the embl beamline x at desy hamburg data were recorded with an imaging plate scanner designed and built in the embl hamburg outstation the total datacollection time was less than h and the processing of all data took less than days the coordinates of the arthrobacter gl isomerase refined at a resolution of a were used as a starting MM the structure of the protein and of associated water molecules in the asymmetric unit were refined by restrained leastsquares minimization using all data between and a to a final r factor of | MEDAL |
twentyeight ECU lesions at the wrist were treated surgically between and fifteen patients had an isolated extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis or tendinopathy five had extensor carpi ulnaris dislocation four had an extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation and four had an extensor carpi ulnaris rupture seventeen patients first developed their symptoms while playing sports at a mean followup of months twentytwo patients had returned to their previous MICs seven of the patients had lost more than of their grip strength and five had restricted wrist motion two needed an ECU tenolysis pure isolated ECU lesions are rare and associated ulnar sided lesions eleven TFC complex tears and four LT ligament tears as well as possible predisposing AF seven anomalous tendon slips four ulnar styloid nonunions and one flat ECU tendon groove were frequent a classification of extensor carpi ulnaris tendon and subsheath lesions was developed to allow the surgeon to adequately evaluate the different components of these lesions | MEDAL |
the recently discovered phenomenon of nonlinear supratransmission consists in a sudden increase of the amplitude of a transmitted wave triggered by the excitation of nonlinear localized modes of the medium we examine this process for the fermipastaulam chain sinusoidally driven at one edge and damped at the other the supratransmission regime occurs for driving frequencies above the upper band edge and originates from direct moving discrete breather creation we derive approximate analytical estimates of the supratransmission threshold which are in excellent PA with numerics when analyzing the longtime SMB we discover that below the supratransmission threshold a conducting stationary state coexists with the insulating one we explain the bistable nature of the energy flux in terms of the excitation of quasiharmonic extended waves this leads to the analytical calculation of a lowertransmission threshold which is also in reasonable agreement witapproximately age in cortical regions that have the highest risk for developing alzheimers disease ad pathology this myelincentered MM of the human brain asserts that unique vulnerabilities of myelin especially latedeveloped myelin and the oligodendrocytes that produce it are directly pertinent to many uniquely human NP diseases including latelife neurodegenerative disorders such as ad magnetic resonance imaging mri technology permits the in vivo assessment of the roughly quadratic inverted u lifelong trajectory of human myelin OD and its subsequent breakdown there is close PA between neuropsychology neuropathology and imaging measures suggesting that the process of myelin breakdown begins in adulthood accelerates as aging progresses and underlies both agerelated cognitive declines and the most powerful risk factor of dementiacausing disorders such as ad age this myelincentered MM together with the technology that makes it possible to measure the trajectory of myelin breakdown provide a FR for developing novel treatments as well as assessing efficacy of currently available treatments intended to slow or reverse the breakdown process in both clinically healthy as well as symptomatic populations such treatments can be expected to have a wide spectrum of tau and impact multiple human disease processes including potentially slowing BB aging and thus provide opportunities for primary prevention of agerelated degenerative disorders such as ad | MEDAL |
this year retrospective study review sought to determine the factors influencing prognosis and treatment results of all patients with primary intracranial germ cell PT treated at our hospital who were younger than years of age at the time of diagnosis a total of patients were treated during the T0 period including males and females with a malefemale ratio of the median age at diagnosis was years and months of age range years the intracranial germ cell tumors consisted of pure germinomas and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors including mixed germ cell PT three YS tumors two immature teratomas and two choriocarcinomas univariate analysis of prognostic AF using KM survival estimates revealed that only histologic tumor type was correlated with outcome p the projected year overall survival and eventfree survival rate of patients with germinomas vs those with intracranial germ cell tumors were vs and respectively our analysis suggests that radiation involving the spinal axis has limited usefulness in patients with intracranial germ MCT although better results have been obtained for germinomas using radiotherapy in this study | MEDAL |
nuclear steroid hormone receptors are ubiquitously expressed transcription AF whose activity can be altered by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation the consequences of posttranslational modifications have been described for several members of the nuclear steroid HR superfamily however little is known about the effects of oestrogen receptor erβ phosphorylation in the BB moreover to our knowledge the presence of phosphorylated erβ has not been detected in the BB of any species to date oestrogen receptor β is highly expressed in several regions of the BB and in vitro studies have demonstrated that it can be phosphorylated at two serine residues s and s in the nterminal af region the present T0 aimed to determine whether phosphorylated erβ is detectable in the hippocampus of a expression therefore these results show that kl regulates adrenal cypb expression kl deficiencyinduced spontaneous hypertension and kidney damage may be partially attributed to the upregulation of cypb expression and aldosterone synthesis | MEDAL |
a hallmark of multiple sclerosis ms is the occurrence of focal inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the CNS system the prevailing view that G1 antimyelin TA inherently mediate these lesions has been challenged T3 observations that these t cells which are part of the normal immune repertoire can also intermittently become activated in healthy people and subjects with other diseases astrocytes in the white matter of subjects with ms are deficient in beta adrenergic receptors stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors increases camp leading to activation of protein kinase a pka beta adrenergic receptor deficiency will reduce the suppressive action of pka on coactivator class ii transactivator ciita which is a key regulator of interferon gammainduced L1 H-2 mhc class ii molecule transcription the expression of mhc class ii may deviate astrocytes to function as facultative antigen presenting cells which can then initiate the inflammatory cascade in a proof of concept T0 in ms subjects it was shown that fluoxetine which activates pka in astrocytes reduced the OD of focal inflammatory lesions if confirmed and D2 by additional studies suppressing the antigen presenting capacity of astrocytes could be a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of ms | MEDAL |
trehalase SI and maltaseglucoamylase are three integral glycoproteins of the brush border membranes of the enterocytes on the basis of a comparative T0 on alphaglycosidase MICs sucrase isomaltase maltase glucoamylase and trehalase associated to these glycoproteins during neonatal development mammals could be basically divided into three CG in rodents and rb alphaglycosidase activities are low or undetectable during the suckling period and increase to adult C2 during the weaning period in cat dog and the primates examined alphaglycosidase activities are well or fully developed at birth in ruminants and pinnipedia alphaglycosidases are low or absent throughout life during the suckling period of rat mouse and rabbit GCs trigger a premature and dramatic increase of all alphaglycosidases on the contrary alphaglycosidases development during the weaning period appears to be independent of glucocorticoids neither hypophysectomy nor adrenalectomy prevent the OD of alphaglycosidases only the rate of increase is reduced transplantations of intestinal isografts either in AD or suckling animal have shown that no systemic factor inhibits the expression of alphaglycosidase alphaglycosidases induction is neither triggered by luminal alimentary substances nor by hormones alphaglycosidase development is controlled by an intrinsic ontogenic program the use of an antiglucocorticoid failed to inhibit the spontaneous OD of alphaglycosidase MICs the increase of maltase and sucrase activities triggered by GCs is associated with an increase of the concentration of two glycoproteins in the microvillous membrane SI and maltaseglucoamylase after administration of glucocorticoids the increase of maltase sucrase and trehalase is strongly inhibited by actinomycind and the increase of sucrase activity is associated with a parallel increase of SI mrna transcription is most likely the primary site of control of alphaglycosidase biosynthesis in the crypt cells alphaglycosidases biosynthesis appears to be triggered by a receptormediated glucocorticoid interaction the enterocytes synthesize more alphaglycosidase molecules as they travel to the tip of the villi the simultaneous biosynthesis of sucraseisomaltase and maltaseglucoamylase triggered by GCs as well as their simultaneous normal development suggest that they may be subjected to related control mechanisms it is suggested that SI and maltaseglucoamylase might have arisen by several cycles of partial gene duplication of an ancestor gene coding for a single site maltaseisomaltase subsequent mutation would have transformed isomaltase into sucrase or glucoamylase | MEDAL |
the case histories of all patients with gastrointestinal suturing in a sixyear period were studied retrospectively anastomoses of the oesophagus left colon and rectum were always checked radiologically days T3 T0 sutureline dehiscence one and stricture formation were seen in cases out of patients with stapled suturing cases out of patients with twolayer manual suturing and cases out of patients with onelayer seromuscular manual suturing after excluding the patients with a pyloroplasty the adverse AF were comparable in these groups of patients the sutureline complication rate after onelayer manual suturing proved to be significantly lower than with stapled suturing reduction in operating time by using the staplers proved to be minimal the use of staplers is expensive and is not often indicated | MEDAL |
elliptical particle motion often encountered in acoustic fields containing interference between a source signal and its reflections can be quantified by the degree of circularity a vector quantity formulated from acoustic particle velocity or vector intensity measurements acoustic analysis based on the degree of circularity is expected to find application in ocean waveguides as its spatial dependence relates to the acquisition geometry water column sound speed surface conditions and bottom properties vector sensor measurements from a laboratory experiment are presented to demonstrate the depth dependence of both the degree of circularity and an approximate formulation based on vertical intensity measurements the approximation is applied to vertical intensity field measurements made in a experiment off the new jersey coast in waters m deep to demonstrate the effect of sediment structure on the range dependence of the degree of circularity the mathematical formulation presented here establishes the framework to readily compute the degree of circularity from exp measurements the exp examples are provided as evidence of the spatial and free of the olfactory modality as an important medium of human communication and highlight the significance of interpersonal chemosignaling in the context of emerging research that investigates the adaptive effects of human chemosignals on cognitiveaffective processes | MEDAL |
the etiology of premenstrual syndrome is unknown a wide variety of etiological explanations has been suggested but controlled studies based on these theories have generally failed to provide confirmation this article reviews the literature on treatment of premenstrual symptoms and provides some practical suggestions for clinical management | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to assess the repeatability of the programusage in everyday listening situations a blind field test was used the widex quattro wq system served as a MM for multiple SM hearing aids linear amplification eleven experienced wq wearers years with mild to moderate recruiting cochlear hearing losses participated eight of them regularly used all four available programs all used at least three programs the participants stated in duplicate the best hearing aid program in realworld listening situations the percentage of subjects who selected identical programs repeatability surpassed the level corresponding to pure guess under almost all listening conditions maximum repeatability was achieved by the five subjects who visited an industrial environment twice interestingly the repeatability exceeded in demanding listening situations such as party conversation in group etc support for this high repeatability was given by a distinct improvement in the mean aided speechtonoise threshold db p | MEDAL |
despite improvements to the death notification form dnf used in south africa sa the quality of causeofdeath information remains suboptimal to address these inadequacies the government ran a trainthetrainer programme on completion of the dnf targeting doctors in public sector hospitals training materials were developed and workshops were held in all provinces this article reflects on the lessons learnt from the training and highlights issues that need to be addressed to improve medical certification and causeofdeath data in sa the dnf should be completed truthfully and accurately and confidentiality of the information on the form should be maintained the underlying cause of death should be entered on the lowest completed line in the causeofdeath section and if appropriate hiv should be entered here exclusion clauses for hiv in life insurance policies with association of savings and investments south africa companies were scrapped in interactive workshops provide a good learning environment but are logistically challenging more use should be made of online training resources particularly with continuing professional development accreditation and helpline support in addition training in the completion of the dnf should become part of the curriculum in all medical schools and part of the orientation of interns and community service doctors in all facilities | MEDAL |
despite significant progress in the treatment of PT neonates bronchopulmonary dysplasia bpd continues to be a L1 cause of neonatal morbidity affected infants suffered from longterm pulmonary and nonpulmonary sequel the pulmonary sequels include RAD and asthma during childhood and adolescence nonpulmonary sequels include poor coordination and muscle tone difficulty in walking vision and hearing problems delayed cognitive development and poor academic achievement as inflammation seems to be a primary mediator of injury in pathogenesis of bpd role of CS as antiinflammatory agent has been extensively studied and proven to be efficacious in management however evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding other glucocorticoid doses and preparations numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effects of steroid the purpose of this paper is to evaluate these studies in order to elucidate the beneficial and harmful effects of steroid on the prevention and treatment of bpd | MEDAL |
ivabradine an if current blocker has shown promising results in treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome pots there is a subgroup of vasovagal syncope vvs patients who demonstrate ST before collapse on tilt testing mimicking some features of pots these patients may also respond to ivabradine therapy university hospital syncope clinic where ivabradine was prescribed in a prospective fashion on humanitarian grounds between october and december | MEDAL |
migraine has an important genetic component the prototypic monogenic form of migraine is hemiplegic migraine a rare AT1 of migraine with aura for which three causative genes have been identified studies of transgenic animal models have substantially improved our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this monogenic MM disease as well as of migraine in GA beyond this there are other rarer monogenic forms of migraine eg in the context of hereditary mostly V1 syndromes such as cadasil by contrast the common types of migraine with and without aura are genetically complex with the ID of the first robust genetic risk SCV in large genomewide association studies our knowledge in this still dynamically expanding field has substantially increased this review summarizes the current status of migraine genetics with a special focus on hemiplegic migraine as well as the most recent findings in complex migraine genetics in addition the first preliminary findings on the genetics of other types of primary headache disorders cluster headache tensiontype HA are briefly reviewed | MEDAL |
recombinant human histone h hh was produced in milligrams quantities in escherichia coli without altering the codons of the original cdna sequence the hh cdna was subcloned into the pqe expression vector in frame with a CS encoding an nterminal stretch of six histidine residues purification to electrophoretic homogeneity was obtained by nickelchelating chromatography followed by GF the final yield of the entire expression and purification process was about mg of pure histone h per liter of bacterial culture sdspage analysis showed for the recombinant h a molecular weight corresponding to the expected one da circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to estimate the secondary structural composition of recombinant histone when it is isolated from the physiological core particle it was observed that under these conditions histone h exhibits an altered secondary conformation in order to induce the recombinant histone to assume a conformation more similar to the one measured when it is organized inside the nucleosome we resuspended it in buffers at increasing ionic strengths and in the presence of different concentrations of trifluoroethanol we tried also to mimic the physiological situation of histone h by adding an equimolar amount of a commercial dna to the protein solution finally an estimation of protein thermal stability was evaluated by spectropolarimetry | MEDAL |
advancements in understanding SC functions and differentiation are of key importance for the clinical success of stemcellbased therapies d structural niches fabricated by twophoton polymerization are a powerful platform for controlling SC growth and differentiation in this paper we investigate the possibility of further controlling stem cell fate by tuning the mechanical properties of such niches through coating with thin layers of biomimetic hyaluronanbased and gelatinbased hydrogels we first assess the biocompatibility of chemical coatings and then T0 the interactions between structural and chemical biomimetism on the response of mscs in terms of proliferation and differentiation we observed a clear effect of the hydrogel coating on otherwise MZ d scaffolds in particular in gelatincoated niches we observed a stronger metabolic activity and commitment toward the osteochondral lineage with respect to hyaluronancoated niches conversely a reduction in the homing effect was observed in all the coated niches especially in gelatincoated niches this T0 demonstrates the feasibility of controlling independently different mechanical cues in bioengineered SC niches ie the d scaffold geometry and the surface stiffness this will allow on the one hand understanding their specific role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation and on the other hand finely tuning their synergistic effect | MEDAL |
prospective memory pm deficits have been consistently found in people with schizophrenia although there is evidence to suggest that pm deficits may be putative markers for schizophrenia no longitudinal T0 has investigated the persistence of pm deficits | MEDAL |
reports on infectious complications following reduced intensity conditioning ric before allogeneic stem cell transplantation allosct are equivocal this prospective followup T0 compared the impact of cytomegalovirus cmv infections following ric with fludarabine atg and busulphan or conventional myeloablative conditioning mac fortyeight ric and mac patients were enrolled the occurrence and severity of cmv infections within days following allosct were assessed using plasma cmv dna load kinetics cmv dnaemia was observed in ric and in mac patients at risk for cmv the mean cmv dnaemia free survival time was comparable following ric and mac days confidence interval ci days and days ci days respectively p parameters indicative for the level of cmv reactivation including the area under the curve of cmv dna load over time as well as the onset the peak values and duration of cmv infection episodes the numbers and duration of cmv treatment episodes and recurrent infections were not different in both groups during followup none of the patients developed cmv disease ric with fludarabine atg and busulphan demonstrated safety comparable to conventional mac with regard to frequency and severity of cmv infections within days following t celldepleted allosct | MEDAL |
tp is a amino acid peptide derived from human prothrombin that increases cartilage matrix production and reduces alkaline phosphatase activity without changing chondrocyte proliferation this T0 tested the hypothesis that tp acts by blocking the ON of apoptosis associated with hypertrophy rat costochondral resting zone chondrocytes and human auricular chondrocytes were cultured in dmem containing microm ascorbic acid and fbs apoptosis was induced by treatment of confluent cultures with chelerythrine tamoxifen or inorganic phosphate pi for h one half of the cultures received tp or microgml apoptosis was assessed as a function of dna fragmentation hthymidine labeled dna fragments tunel IF and cell viability using the mtt CA as well as by assessing the bclbax mrna and protein ratios and ICE activity the universal no synthase inhibitor lnmma was used to assess the effect of no production on chondrocyte apoptosis and specific no synthase subspecies were identified using inos inhibitor w and nnos inhibitor vinyllnio as well as lname which inhibits both inos and enos finally we assessed if tp would block no production induced by the apoptogens chelerythrine tamoxifen and piinduced apoptosis and this was reversed by tp all apoptogens increased no production and this was reduced by tp tp reduced no C2 to the same extent as w but not to the same extent as lname suggesting that its effects are mediated primarily by inos in addition tp reduced the effect of chelerythrine to the same extent as w and lname again indicating that it acts via inhibition of an inos pathway tp also regulated bclbax mrna in a time and dosedependent manner the bclbax mrna ratio was in the absence of tp at h and at microgml tp by h the ratio was approximately in both CG the bclbax protein ratio also increased by at h tp did not affect ICE activity tp also caused a dosedependent increase in protein kinase c pkc activity within min that was maximal at min these results show that tp prevents apoptosis in GP chondrocytes via inhibition of inosdependent no and suggest a possible role for pkc in the mechanism | MEDAL |
mutations in human cationic trypsinogen prss cause autosomal dominant HP increased intrapancreatic autoactivation of trypsinogen mutants has been hypothesized to initiate the disease autoactivation of cationic trypsinogen is proteolytically regulated by chymotrypsin c ctrc which mitigates the development of trypsin activity by promoting Kd of both trypsinogen and trypsin paradoxically ctrc also increases the rate of autoactivation by processing the trypsinogen AP to a shorter form the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ctrc on the autoactivation of clinically relevant trypsinogen mutants we found that in the presence of ctrc trypsinogen mutants associated with classic HP ni nt va rc and rh autoactivated at increased rates and reached markedly higher active TR C2 compared with wildtype cationic trypsinogen the av mutant known for its VL disease penetrance exhibited a smaller increase in autoactivation the mechanistic basis of increased activation was mutationspecific and involved resistance to Kd ni nt va rc and rh andor increased NT processing by ctrc av and ni these observations indicate that HP is caused by ctrcdependent dysregulation of PRSS1 autoactivation which results in elevated trypsin C2 in the pancreas | MEDAL |
while bone is a frequent target of breast cancerassociated metastasis little is known about the effects of tumorbone interactions on the tau of tumorsuppressing agents here we examined the effect of two fdaapproved dopamine modulators FLU and trifluoperazine on mammary tumor cells osteoclasts OBs and osteocytes these agents suppressed proliferation and migration of mammary RT cells chiefly by antagonizing dopamine receptor d and reduced BR by downregulating nuclear factor of G1 TA cytoplasmic nfatc threedimensional spheroid formation assays revealed that tumor cells have high affinity to osteocytes and type i collagen and interactions with osteocytes as well as administration of FLU and trifluoperazine downregulated snail and suppressed migratory behaviors unlike the inhibitory action of fluphenazine and TFP on tumor growth tumorosteocyte interactions stimulated tumor proliferation by upregulating nfκb and akt in the bone microenvironment osteocytes downregulated snail and acted as an attractant as well as a stimulant to mammary tumor cells these results demonstrate that tumorosteocyte interactions strengthen dopamine receptormediated suppression of tumor migration but weaken its inhibition of RT proliferation in the osteocyterich bone microenvironment | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to investigate the toxic effects of AFs and evaluate the effectiveness of Bs ansb in detoxifying aflatoxicosis in broilers a total of oneweekold male broilers ross were assigned to six dietary treatments for five weeks the treatment diets were c BD c c g b subtilis ansbkg diet m BD formulated with moldy peanut meal m m and m m and g b subtilis ansbkg diet respectively the contents of aflatoxin b b g and g in the diets formulated with moldy peanut meal were ± ± ± and ± µgkg respectively the results showed that AFs increased p AST activity decreased p serum glutathione peroxidase activity and enhanced p MDA contents in both the serum and liver aflatoxins also caused gross and histological changes in CL tissues such as bile duct epithelium PH vacuolar degeneration and lymphocyte infiltration the supplementation of ansb reduced aflatoxin C2 in the duodenum and counteracted the negative effects of aflatoxins leading to the conclusion that ansb has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis and this protection is doserelated | MEDAL |
johnes disease is one of the main causes of economic losses in ruminants and a major health hazard in the developing and developed world up till now many microbiological serological and molecular methods have been tried for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis map in this study we attempt a pcrbased PCD of is distinct IS sequences of map from the buffy coat of cattle n and sheep n and direct genotyping by single strand conformational polymorphism sscp a total of cattle and one sheep were positive for mapis this isbased pcr PCD proved highly specific particularly when tested on other nonmap strains sscp analysis grouped the mapis into four distinct clusters based on different band patterns nucleotide CS variability between maps detected from sheep genbank accession and cattle genbank accession was noticed in the study although in recent years ispcrbased PCD of map from wbcs is being used in human its use in animals is still limited our work not only supports its use in animals but also suggests further issscpbased mapgenotyping coupled with dna sequencing as a promising tool for rapid and effective johnes disease surveillance | MEDAL |
a recent genomewide association T0 has reported three newly identified susceptible loci rs near the gene sod rs near the gene mbp and rs near the gene corf to be associated with the geographic atrophy subtype of agerelated macular degeneration in europeandescent population we investigated the rho between these variants and T3 agerelated macular degeneration for the first time in a han chinese cohort however no evidence supports these previously identified loci contribute to advanced agerelated macular degeneration susceptibility in chinese population | MEDAL |
life satisfaction and SE are important aspects of stroke rehabilitation previous research focuses on western stroke survivors neglecting the stroke experience in the middle east this research was conducted in kuwait and entailed both quantitative and qualitative phases to obtain a more comprehensive clinically relevant understanding of selfefficacy and life satisfaction during stroke rehabilitation in this culture the aims were to investigate the relationships between selfefficacy and life satisfaction in female patients affected by stroke phase and explore health professionals views regarding the importance of selfefficacy and possible strategies for enhancing selfefficacy during rehabilitation through semistructured interviews phase significant correlations were found between patients general selfefficacy and psychosocial adaptation selfefficacy following stroke selfefficacy both GA and psychosocial adaptation showed significant correlations with life satisfaction poststroke health professionals more than half of whom were physiotherapists recognised the importance of selfefficacy within stroke rehabilitation and identified five main ways to increase SE during stroke rehabilitation these were to motivate and encourage patients provide more education about stroke and rehabilitation identify NC offer a highquality environment and therapy and set goals in conclusion psychosocial selfefficacy was identified as having a stronger relationship to life satisfaction compared with GA selfefficacy within this sample of kuwaiti female patients health professionals suggested various strategies for enhancing SE and thereby life satisfaction poststroke during the rehabilitation process in kuwait despite the collectivist culture of kuwait the findings indicate that the patients own confidence and sense of responsibility for progress may be relevant to rehabilitation | MEDAL |
patients with angina pectoris were randomized to placebo or isosorbidemononitrate ismn rapid PR or mg bid at am and pm exercise tests were performed between am and pm before and and h after each dose on days and and before and h T3 the morning dose on days and all doses of ismn increased exercise duration significantly more than placebo and this effect lasted throughout most of the day it was maximal s h after the morning dose slightly att but still significant at h increased h T3 the second dose and attenuated but still greater than with placebo at h the increase was even greater at weeks s perhaps due to a training effect similar improvement was observed in other exercise parameters there was no significant dose response there were more anginal attacks in the placebo than in the mg TG no rebound assessed by comparing exercise duration before the morning dose between the CG was observed | MEDAL |
breast CA incidence rates are increasing among asian women likely due to the changes in risk factors caused by globalization trends in breast cancer rates among chinese women may differ from other asian regions due to the implementation of a nationwide family planning program and resulting changes in womens reproductive practices appraisal of CA trends can direct CA control and public health planning but relevant studies in china are scarce due to a lack of LT data we sought to evaluate secular time trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality using years of OCR data for women in urban shanghai | MEDAL |
HC virus hcv glycoproteins e and e when expressed in eukaryotic cells are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum er CT truncation of e at residue or position on the polyprotein leads to secretion consistent with deletion of a proposed hydrophobic TM anchor sequence we demonstrate cell surface expression of a chimeric glycoprotein consisting of e residues to fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of influenza a virus hemagglutinin ha termed ehatmct the ehatmct chimeric glycoprotein was able to bind a number of conformationdependent monoclonal antibodies and a recombinant soluble form of cd suggesting that it was folded in a manner comparable to native e furthermore cell surfaceexpressed ehatmct demonstrated phdependent changes in antigen conformation consistent with an acidmediated fusion mechanism however ehatmct was unable to induce cell F0 of cdpositive hek cells after neutral or lowph treatment we propose that a stretch of conserved hydrophobic amino acids within the e glycoprotein displaying similarities to flavivirus and paramyxovirus fusion peptides may constitute the hcv F0 peptide we demonstrate that influenza virus can incorporate ehatmct into particles and discuss experiments to address the relevance of the ecd interaction for hcv attachment and entry | MEDAL |
a number of reports related to initiation of ARV therapy have been reported recently available data continue to support the practice of not starting therapy for asymptomatic patients who have cd cell counts above ml and consideration for initiating ARV therapy below this point but before the count drops to ml in terms of initial regimens some data suggest better virologic response rates with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nnrtibased regimens than with protease inhibitorbased regimens the differences are likely due to better tolerability of nnrtibased regimens small studies in treatmentnaive patients have shown poor virologic outcome in patients receiving certain regimens such as abacavirlamivudinetenofovir or didanosinelamivudinetenofovir these findings appear to be explained by the differing effects of the reverse transcriptase kr mutation on different drugs other recent studies suggest fewer metabolic adverse effects with emtricitabinecontaining treatment than with stavudinecontaining treatment comparable virologic outcomes with oncedaily and twicedaily abacavir regimens comparable virologic outcomes with oncedaily and twicedaily lopinavirritonavir regimens and an association between didanosine mgtenofovir regimens and declines in cd cell counts despite viral suppression this article summarizes a presentation on initiation of antiretroviral therapy by michael s saag md at international aids societyusa course in NY in march | MEDAL |
RBF which is lower in the immature than in the mature animal achieves adult values in human subjects by years of age the agerelated increase in renal blood flow cannot be CR explained by increases in kidney size since nephrogenesis is CR by weeks gestation in humans thus other factors especially changes in renal hemodynamics are likely to be responsible for the increase in RBF the increase in RBF appears to be directly related to the decrease in renal V1 resistance during the postnatal period decreases in the effect of renal vasoconstrictors increases in the effect of renal vasodilators or a combination of the two may be responsible many mediators of vasoconstriction have been studied including adenosine catecholamines endothelin endogenous digitalislike peptide and the reninangiotensin system mediators of vasodilation include endotheliumderived relaxing factor eg nitric oxide prostaglandins atrial natriuretic peptide dopamine and kinins however the decrease in renal V1 resistance with age is most likely related to decreases in activity of the reninangiotensin system and responsiveness to CAs these effects are modulaterosol methacholine compared to hyporesponsive chhej mice aerosol challenges of u a thromboxane a mimetic and serotonin resulted in a and increase in elgvs versus their controls respectively elgvs were not increased T3 aerosols of leukotriene c histamine substance p nformylmethionylleucylphenylalanine and platelet SAF both normal filtered airexposed and hyperinflated methacholineexposed excised lungs lost about of their initial volume by min and of initial volume by h occlusion of the tr in either group did not affect the total gas lost suggesting that majority of the gas loss was via transpleural DWI we conclude that determination of elgv in mice when performed soon after challenge testing is a simple rapid and reliable estimate of airway obstruction | MEDAL |
the immunohistochemical expressions ie of pkip and ki mib both involved in Tc regulation and cell proliferation and their ability to predict biochemical failure were assessed in patients with clinically localized prostate CA who had underdone radical prostatectomy of curative intent in addition pkip and ki mib expressions were correlated with several preoperative and postoperative parameters such as gleason score extracapsular extension seminal vesicle involvement pelvic lymph nodes metastasis positive surgical margins coexistence of highgrade PIN tumour size prostate volume and psa levels our analysis involved consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens a statistically significant rho of low pkip ie with seminal LDV involvement increased tumour volume and high preoperative psa values was documented low pkip ie was significantly correlated with an increased likelihood of PSA failure after RP in addition the increased ie of ki mib correlated significantly with M1 in the pelvic lymph nodes and was a significant predictor of biochemical failure cox regression analysis which included pkip expression ki mib expression and all the preoperative and postoperative parameters showed that pelvic N0 and ki mib ie were independent prognostic markers of PSA failure after radical prostatectomy | MEDAL |
leukocyte trafficking is critically regulated by chemokines and their receptors the involvement of the skin in certain subsets of tcell malignancies has been explained by the discovery of an interaction between the thymus and activationregulated chemokine tarc which is abundant in the skin and its receptor cc chemokine receptor ccr which is expressed in the RT cells we describe a diffuse large bcell lymphoma dlbcl that showed ccr expression with involvement of the skin a yearold man presented with a giant skin ulcer of the right axilla and his disease was diagnosed as dlbcl further CE revealed an ulcerated gastric lymphoma lesion immunohistochemical and RT RT-PCR analyses showed that the tumor cells were positive for ccr and tarc was expressed at extremely high C2 in the lymphomaaffected skin these observations suggest that the interaction between ccr and tarc played a significant role in the involvement of the skin in this case similar to what has been observed in certain subsets of tcell malignancies to the best of our knowledge this report is the first of a ccrpositive bcell lymphoma the present case provides new insights into the pathogenesis of skin involvement in bcell lymphomas | MEDAL |
when BB calmodulindependent protein kinase iv is incubated with calmodulindependent protein kinase iv kinase under the phosphorylation conditions in the presence of cacalmodulin rapid initial incorporation of mol of phosphate into mol of the enzyme by the action of the kinase kinase occurs resulting in marked activation of the enzyme and the subsequent incorporation of more than mol of phosphate by autophosphorylation occurs resulting in no significant change in the activity okuno s kitani t and fujisawa h j biochem tokyo okuno s kitani t and fujisawa h j biochem tokyo after the maximal phosphorylation the continued incubation in the presence of excess egta resulted in additional autophosphorylation of the enzyme leading to a CR loss of the cacalmodulindependent activity while causing no significant NC in the cacalmodulinindependent activity the CAA CS analysis revealed that the autophosphorylation after removal of ca occurred on ser ser ser and ser analysis by sitedirected mutagenesis clearly showed that the autophosphorylation site responsible for the inactivation is ser thus calmodulindependent protein kinase iv activated by the MEKK1 may lose its cacalmodulindependent activity by autophosphorylation on ser located within the putative calmodulinbinding domain in the absence of ca | MEDAL |
background selfexpanding stents ses are reemerging as therapeutic alternatives to treat PD disease it has been proposed that ses can improve clinical outcomes by inducing less injury at implantation and achieving better vessel wall appositionto date little data exists comparing the vascular response to both methods of deployment in a controlled exp setting objective to quantify differences in V1 injury and healing between secondgeneration ses and balloonexpandable stents bes and the effects of balloon postdilatation in a porcine coronary model methods seventyfive bare ses axxess or vprotect and bes vision were implanted in porcine coronaries a subset of these received balloon postdilatationses d bes d followup was scheduled at bes bes d ses ses d bes bes d ses ses d and days bes bes d ses ses d results in vivo imaging and histological analysis showed that neointimal formation peaks early days in bes conversely for ses the peak occurred later days however the neointimal formation achieved in either group equalized at days for ses postdilatation shortened the peak of neointimal formation to days conversely for bes postdilatation delayed the peak of neointimal formation to days at days histology showed that ses had significantly less injury however at days injury scores tended to be higher for ses by days injury scores were comparable between both groups conclusions the mechanism of stent expansion influences the degree of vascular injury and healing the synergistic use of balloon post dilatation changes the dynamics of healing and may impact the potential beneficial effects inherent to ses technologies | MEDAL |
the results of transcatheter valvotomy in pulmonary atresia with intact VS paivs patients are presented with an attempt to identify the predictive AF for pulmonary valvotomy alone as definitive treatment between june and december paivs neonates with tripartite righptrab gtpases the catalytically AS fragments of gypp and gypp were more AS than the fulllength proteins and accelerated the intrinsic gtp hydrolysis rates of their preferred substrates by factors of x and x respectively the km values for the gypp and gypp AS fragments and microm respectively indicate that the affinities of those gaps for their substrates are very low the catalytic domains of gypp and gypp contain five invariant arginine residues substitutions of only one of them r in gypp and r in the analogous position of gypp rendered the gaps almost completely inactive we suggest that yptrabgaps like ras and rhogaps follow the same mode of action and provide a catalytic arginine Arg finger in trans to accelerate the gtp hydrolysis rate of the transport gtpases | MEDAL |
therapies to prevent or reverse EC dysfunction and vascular leak found in DHF dhf have not been identified in this review we summarize dengue viruses and the spectrum of human disease and highlight evidence of endothelial cell dysfunction in dhf based on studies in patients and mouse and TC models evidence suggests that both virus antigen and host immune response can cause endothelial cell dysfunction and weaken endothelial barrier integrity we suggest possible therapeutic interventions and highlight how therapies targeting altered EC CF might be evaluated in animal models and in patients with dhf | MEDAL |
data sourceselectronic databases searched in pubmed embase and scopus unpublished literature was traced through opensigle annals of iadraadr international and american associations for dental research and orca EU organisation for caries research from studies were limited to englishstudy selectionstudies involving visual inspection for PCD of primary coronal caries lesions in primary or permanent human teeth were considered all papers needed to include a clearly defined REF standard and the reporting of absolute numbers of true positives false positives true negatives and false negatives or a presentation of sufficient data to calculate these figures reference methods considered appropriate were histologic DUE operative MI direct visual inspection T3 temporary tooth separation and radiography for studies with the same data set only the most CR T0 was included articles that reported caries detection using artificial caries root caries or recurrent decay adjacent to restorations were excludeddata SE and synthesisstudy selection for inclusion was performed independently by two reviewers and disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer data were collected by two reviewers on structured tables discrepancies were resolved by consensus a metaanalysis was performed the following information was extracted REF standard method setting clinical or laboratory type of teeth primary or permanent surface evaluated smooth PT or occlusal sample size examiners experience also recorded were VS systems studies that did not report any criteria were classified as with no criteria if authors used criteria with no REF to previously published studies they were classified as own criteria the prisma guideline was followed to report the review and the quadas checklist QA of studies of diagnostic performance included in systematic reviews was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studiesresultsdata were used to calculate the pooled sensitivity specificity diagnostic odds ratio and summary ROCs curve heterogeneity of the studies was also assessed a total of manuscripts and one abstract were included the analysis demonstrated that the visual method had good accuracy for detecting carious lesions clinically obtained specificity was higher also observed was moderate to high heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias studies employing well known visual scoring systems were significantly more accurate than those that used their own criteria the results were grouped and differentiate the type of dentition permanent or primary type of lesion initial or T3 proximal or occlusal surface and clinical settings from laboratory settingsthe pooled specificity calculated was high in most of the CG and ranged from to mostly the lowest was in the occlusal initial caries lesions in primary teeththe sensitivity ranged from to the lowest from clinical studies in PT surfaces in permanent teeth the highest from three studies evaluating the occlusal initial caries lesions in permanent teeth most of the pooled sensitivities were around a low levelconclusionsvisual caries PCD method has good overall performance although the studies together had high heterogeneity and risk of bias the use of detailed and validated indices seems to improve the accuracy of the method | MEDAL |
to report on phase of an operations research study designed to reduce postpartum hemorrhage pphrelated morbidity and mortality in rural ghana | MEDAL |
a yearold man was admitted with increasing dyspnea and butterfly shadow on his chest roentgenogram both the bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy tblb led to a diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis cea level in his BAL lavage fluid balf ngml was markedly elevated more than that in his SS ngml the localization of cea on tblb specimen stained by peroxidaseantiperoxidase technique using anticea antibody was investigated and it was fxcretion the objective of the present T0 was to investigate whether PTs respond to the elevated renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure and whether the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis would alter the effect of elevated renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure on PT sodium reabsorption expansion of renal interstitial volume by injecting microliters of Al solution through a chronically implanted matrix increased renal interstitial HP similarly in control rats n and in indomethacin n or meclofenamatetreated n rats in the absence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition renal ISV expansion significantly increased the fractional delivery of sodium at the superficial late PT tubules from to p less than with an accompanying increase in FE of sodium from to p less than in the presence of indomethacin or meclofenamate renal interstitial volume expansion failed to augment the fractional delivery of sodium and the FE of sodium in summary these studies demonstrate that the synthesis of prostaglandins plays a role in the regulation of sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubules in response to elevated renal interstitial HP | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to determine the role of neuroimaging in the management of patients with metastatic germ cell PT retrospective evaluation of patients treated in and for initial presentation or recurrence of testicular retroperitoneal and mediastinal germ SCT was performed to determine indications for neuroimaging frequency and site of cns metastases and occurrence of other cns CA sixtysix patients required cns imaging with myelography ct or mr studies were normal in patients twenty patients had cns metastases including with intracranial metastases eight with spine lesions and one with both brain and spine involvement sixteen had cerebral or cerebellar atrophy of unclear origin and PET significance two patients had ventriculomegaly without PS of HC four patients had questionable lesions that were never confirmed none of the asymptomatic patients with elevated serum RT markers had BM fifteen of patients with focal neurologic deficits and three of six patients with seizures had cns metastases cns imaging to detect germ MCT metastases is most useful in the presence of neurologic deficits or seizures but is not useful in patients with unexplained elevation of SS tumor markers in the absence of neurologic deficits | MEDAL |
a T0 was conducted to evaluate differences in performance and in carcass composition and tissue deposition rates between purebred duroc pigs sired by boars currently available and those sired by boars from the mids two lines were developed by randomly allocating littermate and halfsib pairs of females to matings by current time period ctp or old time period otp boars pigs from replications were placed on test at a group mean bw of kg serial US measurements of the thrib lm area lma offmidline backfat bf and IMF percentage imf were collected every wk in the first replication and used to assess deposition rate differences offtest US lma bf and imf measurements from a total of pigs from ctp sires and pigs from otp sires across replications and at a mean bw of kg were evaluated all available barrows and randomly selected gilts n were sent to a commercial abattoir and carcass measurements of thrib BF lastrib BF last lumbar backfat and lma were collected analysis of serial BF measurements revealed a linear relationship between backfat and bw between and kg for pigs from both time periods pigs sired by otp boars deposited more backfat p at a faster rate than pigs sired by ctp boars over the entire test period a curvilinear cumulative tissue deposition pattern was revealed for ultrasonically estimated lma and imf within both time periods significant linear and quadratic beta differences between lines indicated that pigs sired by ctp boars deposited more lma and less imf per kilogram of bw gain than pigs sired by otp boars pigs sired by ctp boars had more lma and less bf p whereas pigs sired by otp boars had more imf p carcass DUE revealed more p carcass measurements of lma and less p carcass measurements of thrib backfat carcass measurements of lastrib backfat and carcass measurements of last lumbar backfat for pigs sired by ctp boars no difference p between the time periods was found for adg over the entire test period results from this study illustrate that significant progress in carcass composition has been realized within the duroc breed since the mids the LT selection response in carcass leanness has also resulted in changes in deposition rates of correlated traits such as lma and imf | MEDAL |
during PU renal tubular epithelial cells become exposed to ultrafiltratederived serum proteins including complement AF recently we showed that properdin binds to tubular heparan sulfates hs we now document that FH also binds to tubular HS although to a different epitope than properdin factor h was present on the urinary side of renal tubular cells in proteinuric but not in normal renal tissues and colocalized with properdin in proteinuric kidneys FH dosedependently bound to proximal tubular epithelial cells ptec in vitro preincubation of factor h with exogenous heparin and pretreatment of ptecs with heparitinase abolished the binding to ptecs surface plasmon resonance experiments showed high affin and to evaluate a regional variation of tâ in healthy and pathologic tendon ten volunteers with no PH of pain in the at and five patients with chronic achilles tendinopathy were recruited dute images were measured with the following echo times at echo time and ms tâ values in the at were calculated by fitting the signal decay to biexponential function comparing volunteers between and t short component ts was ± ms and ± ms p bulk long component tl was ± ms and ± ms p in patients at t bulk ts was ± ms p compared to volunteers tl was ± ms p compared to volunteers the results of this study suggest that the regional R2 of at can be quantified by tâ in in vivo conditions T3 quantitative imaging of the human at using a dute CS may provide additional information to standard clinical imaging finally as the preliminary patient data suggest ts may be a promising marker for the diagnosis of pathological changes in the at | MEDAL |
menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity one that occurs months T3 the last menstrual period is labeled as postmenopausal one | MEDAL |
carbon catabolite repression ccr is a widespread phenomenon in many bacteria that is defined as the repression of catabolic enzyme activities for an unfavorable carbon source by the presence of a preferable carbon source in streptomyces AA metabolite production often is negatively affected by the carbon source indicating the involvement of ccr in secondary metabolism although the ccr mechanism in streptomyces still is unclear glucokinase is presumably a central player in ccr sgglka a glucokinase from s griseus belongs to the rok family glucokinases which have two consensus CS motifs and here we report the crystal structures of aposgglka sgglka in complex with gl and sgglka in complex with gl and adenylyl imidodiphosphate amppnp which are the first structures of an rok family glucokinase sgglka is divided into a small αβ domain and a large αβ domain and it forms a dimerofdimer tetrameric configuration sgglka binds a βanomer of gl between the two domains and his in consensus sequence plays an important role in the glucosebinding mechanism and anomerdiac thrombosis stroke A-V TE vte limb arterial thrombosis CB retinal vein occlusion CBF A-V sinus thrombosis and blood boosting ie vte and mi especially for epoetin and analogs the potential thrombotic complication arising from misuse of other doping agents such as the administration of cortisol growth hormone prolactin cocaine and plateletderived S9 is instead speculative or anecdotal at best the present article provides an overview on the epidemiological association as well as the underlying PSA and biological mechanisms linking the practice of doping in sports with the development of thrombosis | MEDAL |
the embryonic period of OD is characterized by marked variability in the rate of embryonic growth and development differences in uterine blood flow may explain this variability we investigated the relationship between uterine i.a. blood MEFV vol uterine artery pulsatility index uapi uterine i.a. resistance index uari spiral artery pulsatility index sapi spiral artery resistance index sari chorionic sac diameter csd and crownrump length crl during first trimester vaginal colour doppler ultrasound examinations of delivered or continuing pregnancies T3 correcting for the confounding effect of gestational age subject and SS hormone C2 by analysis of covariance crl was related to uapi p and uari p but not to vol sapi or sari no relationship was found between csd and any uterine blood flow variables serum oestradiol C2 were related to csd and crl p no relationship was found to progesterone maternal age parity or previous abortion we conclude that differences in uterine blood flow and serum oestradiol explain some of the R2 in the rate of embryo growth during the first gestational weeks | MEDAL |
the C3 system consists of two activation pathways the CP and the alternative which may both be G1 by immune complexes ic c activation products become attached to the ic during activation leading to profound changes in the properties of the complexes the common terminal c pathway is not involved in activation mediated by fluid phase ic the interaction between ic and c may lead to increased solubility of the ic enhanced phagocytosis and clearance of the ic altered tissue distribution of the ic generation of soluble c fragments which mediate inflammation tissue damage by activation andor lysis of bystanding cells modulation of bcell proliferation and differentiation activation of the c system by ic is an essential normal component in the clearance of invading foreign material however in conditions with a persistent high concentration of ic in the circulation or tissues this activation may lead to chronic inflammatory disease this thesis reviews certain aspects of the interactions between ic and c the earlier work describes our development of an CA for measuring the c activity in patient sera by its ability to solubilize preformed fluid phase ic cms CA the cms was found to be dependent upon the alternative pathway of c and facilitated by the classical further studies concerning the influence of c deficiencies or depletion of c factors the concentration of divalent metallions the temperature and the ionic strength were performed to characterize the reaction the cms assay showed that serum from patients with sle and other SVR persistent inflammatory diseases and infections exhibited a reduced capacity to solubilize ic the cms values correlated inversely to the disease activity in sle patients it was also for the first time demonstrated that serum from some sle patients contained a cms inhibitor and it is suggested that this inhibitor of cms is endogenously formed incompletely c solubilized ic this suggestion is based upon several lines of indirect evidence and by hplc size CSD analysis of the ic in sle sera which showed a reduction in ic size upon incubation with c a negative rho between the cms capacity and the content of cms inhibitory material was found the cms capacity did not correlate to the SS concentration of any of the c factors cbcc c clq factor b factor h or factor i nor did it correlate to the concentration of the Kd product cdg but a low concentration of one of the native c AF was associated with a reduced cmsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
growth hormone has been considered to be the cause of DR however the relationship between growth hormone responses and DR has not been consistent moreover the correlation if any between the severity of retinopathy and growth hormone changes are also not well defined in the present study diabetics with retinopathy without retinopathy and nondiabetic HCs were studied serum growth hormone was measured in the fasting state and one hour T3 levodopa administration the mean growth hormone levels were significantly higher in the diabetics as compared to controls however there was no rho between the mean growth hormone C2 either in the fasting state or T3 LD stimulation and presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy although diabetics with retinopathy had significantly greater mean growth hormone response the mean growth hormone was found to have no correlation with the fasting blood sugar C2 diabetics with back ground retinopathy had significantly greater mean growth hormone levels than those with proliferative retinal changes | MEDAL |
clinical islet transplantation tx in type i diabetic patients has been successful so far only in a minority of cases probably because of multiple AF partly immunologic and partly nonimmunologic in nature preclinical studies of islet tx in large animals are still needed to clarify the reasons and find possible solutions in this T0 we tested the feasibility of noninvasive repeated intrahepatic allotx of porcine pancreatic islets obtained from multiple donors in pigs rendered diabetic by total pancreatectomy pct in group i yucatan miniature swine n T3 induction of diabetes by pct repeated islet allotx of or pure islets was performed islets obtained from two pigs of the hanford breed were injected twice a week half freshly isolated and half h cultured over a period of days for a total of islet equivalents iekg recipient body weight bw in group ii yucatan miniature swine n after pct a single allotx of or pure islets previously obtained from two donors of the hanford breed was performed using a total of iekg bw in group iii yucatan miniature swine n autotx of pure islets averaging iekg bw was performed a few hours T3 pct group iv yucatan mini pigs n underwent pct and were used as diabetic controls group v animals n were normal control yucatan mini pigs porcine islets were isolated by a modification of the standard collagenase digestion and ficoll gradient purification method donors and recipients were chosen on the basis of moderate to high mutual alloreactivity in mixed lymphocyte SC mlc in groups i and ii cyclosporine a csa was started days before allotx at the dose of mgkg im and then gradually reduced to mgkg im in all group i animals normal fasting blood gl fbg was restored within weeks two normoglycemic pigs died of acute pneumonia at and days respectively and one animal became progressively hyperglycemic at days T3 months discontinuation of csa treatment resulted in fbg increase in two GI animals in one pig csa was stopped after days and normoglycemia persisted until euthanasia after months in group ii pigs normoglycemia lasted days with a progressive increase of insulin requirement thereafter in group iii animals T3 islet autotx normoglycemia lasted days while insulin daily requirement progressively increased thereafter stabilizing at iukgday corresponding to about one third of the amount required in diabetic controls the single most important result in this series of experiments is that intraportal allotx of a sufficient islet mass divided in multiple subtherapeutic doses produced a better metabolic LT control in comparison to a single injection of the same amount of islets the technique of multipledonor repeated islet tx may prove useful to overcome the problem of primary nonfunction or early VG failure currently limiting the success of clinical islet tx in most cases | MEDAL |
in nachemson and coll published a book about modern treatment of spine related pathologies they concluded that evidence regarding efficiency of surgical and non surgical treatments of lumbar spinal stenosis was poor despite this and the fact that the precise mechanism of pain is still unknown surgical treatment of spinal stenosis mainly consisting in a laminectomy has made it through the years more recently higher quality scientific publications have brought significant evidence that surgery yields better short and long term functional results than non surgical conservative treatment this advantage might also compensate for possible internistic complications in a usually older and fragile population | MEDAL |
here we describe a case of iliac artery injury during CAS cas treated by covered stent a yearold man underwent cas for asymptomatic RA CAS under local anesthesia the right common femoral artery was punctured and an fr long sheath introducer was placed however the sheath kinked because the iliac i.a. was tortuous we introduced the stylet to the sheath again and tried to extend the kinking it failed and the arterial dissection was identified at the lateral iliac artery the kink was D2 with triple coaxial system ie guidewire coaxial catheter and a guiding catheter cas was performed with distal filter protection before removal of the sheath the RA iliac artery was examined and extraversation of the contrast medium was observed the balloon catheter was placed to the lesion and dilated for the hemostasis however it failed and the covered stent was placed subsequently although blood tests revealed anemia and ct showed retroperitoneal hematoma after the treatment further complication did not occur treatment with covered stent for the vessel injury was effective | MEDAL |
streptococcus pneumoniae grows well and generally exhibits typical morphology on columbia blood agar whereas haemophilus influenzae requires a more complex medium to meet its growth requirements usually chocolated blood agar on which s pneumoniae is less easily recognisable therefore a single medium that produces typical morphology of s pneumoniae and facilitates the growth of h influenzae would have considerable potential advantages it has been claimed that blood agar supplemented with nicotinamide adenine CpG nad is such a medium however despite its routine use in several large diagnostic laboratories its performance has never been properly evaluated in the present T0 sputum samples were examined in four laboratories the isolation rates of h influenzae and s pneumoniae on nadsupplemented BA sba were compared with those on a twoplate combination of plain blood ba and chocolated blood agar cba the twoplate combination performed significantly better for both organisms isolation rates for h influenzae were increased from on sba to on ba plus cba and for s pneumoniae from to isolation rates were also compared T3 incubation for and h with the twoplate combination isolation rates for h influenzae and s pneumoniae were increased by and respectively and for sba by and after h however despite this increase sba still performed less well than the twoplate combination | MEDAL |
we present here evidence for the enhancement at rest of an Ins trisphosphate ipmediated calcium signaling pathway in myotubes from mdx cell lines solc as compared to a cell L1 from the same origin but transfected with minidystrophin sold with confocal microscopy the number of sites discharging calcium release site density rsd was quantified and found more elevated in solc than in sold myotubes variations of membrane potential had no significant effect on this difference and higher resting cai in solc marchand e b constantin h balghi mc claudepierre a cantereau c magaud a mouzou g raymond s braun and c cognard exp cell res cannot explain CT higher rsd the exposure with sr ca channel inhibitors ryanodine and apb and phospholipase c inhibitor u significantly reduced rsd in both cell types but with a stronger effect in mdx solc myotubes immunocytochemistry allowed us to localize ryanodine receptors ryrs as well as ip receptors iprs ipr and ipr isoforms indicating the presence of both ryrsdependent and ipdependent release systems in both cells we previously reported evidence for the enhancement through a gi protein of the ipmediated calcium signaling pathway in solc as compared to sold myotubes during a HK stimulation balghi h s sebille b constantin s patri v thoreau l mondin e mok a kitzis g raymond and c cognard j gen physiol here we show that at rest these regulation mechanisms are also involved in the modulation of calcium PR MICs the enhancement of resting release activity may participate in the calcium overload observed in dystrophindeficient myotubes and our findings support the hypothesis of the regulatory role of minidystrophin on intracellular signaling | MEDAL |
the interaction of the voltagedependent channelforming peptide alamethicin with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine dopc small unilamellar vesicles suv has been studied using CD over a range of wavelengths and temperatures evidence is presented for the existence of two distinct MB states of the peptide which reflect different extents of peptidepeptide interaction an elevated temperature is found to diminish the apparent peptidepeptide interaction these results provide insight into the general problem of helixhelix interaction in membranes and provide exp support for the proposal popot j l engelman d m biochemistry that these interactions can be enthalpically favorable | MEDAL |
betaamyloid abeta is a peptide of amino acids that is the primary component of plaques in alzheimers disease ad the mechanism by which abeta expresses its neurotoxic effects may involve induction of ROS species ros and elevation of intracellular free calcium C2 cultured cortical cells were utilized to T0 the alterations in calcium homeostasis underlying the neurotoxic effect of abeta SS supplement b and vitamin e were effective in preventing neuronal death as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase ldh release dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt CA and number of apoptotic nuclei in addition abetainduced cytosolic free calcium cai was blocked by antioxidants vitamin e and ue but not by nmethyldaspartic acid nmda receptor antagonist mk or by Kv calcium channel blocker nimodipine taken together the results suggest that nmda receptor and voltagegated calcium channels are not involved in abetainduced cai increase this increase appeared to be the result of extracellular calcium influx by some unknown mechanisms in addition antioxidants such as b were ERP in protecting cultured cortical neurons against abeta and correlated with abeta attenuation of early calcium response | MEDAL |
chromoplastogenesis during flower OD and fruit ripening involves the dramatic overaccumulation of carotenoids sequestered into structures containing lipids and proteins called plastid lipidassociated proteins paps chrc a cucumber cucumis sativus pap has been suggested to be transcriptionally G1 in carotenoidaccumulating flowers by gibberellin ga mybys a myblike Tat identified here may represent a chromoplastogenesisrelated factor its expression is flower TPS and parallels that of chrc during flower development moreover as revealed by stable ectopic and transientexpression assays it specifically transactivates chrc promoter in flowers accumulating carotenoids and flavonoids a detailed dissection of chrc promoter revealed a garesponsive element gacctccaa the mutation of which abolished chrc activation by ga this ciselement is different from the gare motif and is involved in chrc activation probably via negative regulation similar to other garesponsive systsangial cells and podocytes in vitro moreover this increase in pthrp but not that of pthr was inhibited by the at receptor antagonist losartan collectively these results indicate that the renal pthrppthr system is upregulated in streptozotozininduced diabetes in mice and appears to adversely affect the outcome of diabetic renal disease our findings also suggest that angiotensin ii might have a role in the pthrp upregulation in this condition | MEDAL |
the gene product of the yeast vps gene is a member of a family of MW gtpbinding proteins that are involved in diverse cellular processes the vps protein vpsp was shown to perform an essential function in the yeast sec pathway here we report the isolation and characterization of a mutant allele of the vps gene causing a dominantnegative vacuolar protein sorting vps defect as demonstrated by the mislocalization of the vacuolar hydrolase carboxypeptidase y cpy dna CS analysis of the mutant vps S2 vpsd revealed a single point mutation resulting in an CAA exchange at position from ala to asp the mutation is located downstream of the tripartite gtpbinding motif found in the aminoterminal half of the protein thwhich was absent on coincubation with atropine this phenomenon was not observed with carbachol this is the first report of a persistent receptoractivating effect of a muscarinic agonist | MEDAL |
mortality patterns from earthquakes in the united states may differ from those observed in other parts of the world we reviewed coroner and medical examiner records for all investigated deaths from seven california counties for days following the loma prieta earthquake of october n data on the circumstances surrounding death were used to classify each case as directly earthquakerelated indirectly earthquakerelated or not earthquakerelated fiftyseven deaths were judged as directly earthquakerelated six other deaths were indirectly related ten circumstances accounted for all directly earthquakerelated deaths with the collapse of an elevated freeway accounting for of these deaths fortysix per cent of the directly earthquakerelated deaths occurred in motor vehicles on public roadways fiftythree per cent of the directly earthquakerelated deaths occurred within seconds or minutes of injury future earthquake deaths in the united states may best be prevented by identifying and modifying seismic hazards in earthquakeprone regions particularly transportation structures | MEDAL |
haloperidol is the most widely used AP drug in the treatment of psychiatric disorders despite its satisfactory therapeutic effect its chronic use is related to severe motor side effects here we investigate the incidence of motor SE of haloperidolloaded nanocapsules when compared to free haloperidol and the relation with oxidative AS os OD both VH bncfo and haloperidol loaded polysorbatecoated NC suspension hncfo prepared with FO as core showed uniform and rounded particles nanometric size negative zeta potential low polydispersity indices and high EE wistar rats received a single dose of free haloperidol fh bncfo or hncfo mgkg ip and were submitted to acute motor SE evaluation h T3 the i.t. lower catalepsy time and oral dyskinesia were observed in hncfotreated group than in fh group however both formulations decreased animals locomotor activity in a experiment performed subchronically rats injected daily with hncfo mgkgip for days showed decreased oral dyskinesia frequency and catalepsy time and no impairment on locomotor activity as compared to fh group mgkgip fh group showed higher os as observed by increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione C2 and cat in extrapyramidal region our findings showed that nanocapsules may be an efficient form to prevent or minimize haloperidol motor side effects which are related to os OD ameliorating psychiatric patients quality of life | MEDAL |
allergic rhinitis ar and asthma share common mediators cytokines and chemokines from mast cells and basophils that are central to the complex cascade of events involved in the inflammatory response histamine is the salient mediator released after immunologic challenge initiating multiple pathologic processes of the allergic reaction that result in bronchial smooth muscle contraction vasodilation mucus hypersecretion and edema the recent ID of a fourth histamine receptor has reinforced clinical interest in the pleiotropic effects of histamine and the relative roles of histamine receptors in mediating immune and inflammatory responses | MEDAL |
the DWI of water and benzene has been followed by dsc using the thermoporosimetry tpm RPA the DWI of water has been observed during the drying of a water impregnated mesoporous silica gel at degrees c under dry air it was found that the confinement affects the evaporation rate of water the diffusion of benzene has been observed during the drying and the swelling of a cross linked pdms sample the mesh size distributions msd of the elastomer during swelling and drying have been calculated at various times using the tpm formalism extrapolating the mean mesh size of the polymeric network it was found that the dry CP has an average mesh of about nm | MEDAL |
the use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of ABM has undergone significant changes in recent years there is a wealth of in vitro and rat data that support the use of the TPS antimicrobial agents in the treatment of BM although not all regimens have been evaluated in clinical trials recent investigations have focused on expanding the potential antimicrobial formulary to manage patients with bacterial meningitis effectively in this era of increasing antimicrobial resistance despite these advances the morbidity and mortality of acute bacterial meningitis remain unacceptably high the use of adjunctive dexamethasone has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with bacterial meningitis although concerns have been raised that dexamethasone may reduce penetration of certain antimicrobial agents into cerebrospinal fluid | MEDAL |
lymphatic drainage from the breast is principally to the ipsilateral axilla in patients with breast CA the status of the lymph NO in the axilla is an important prognostic factor and can be used to determine local and systemic therapies clinical assessment of the axillary lymph nodes is unreliable and imaging techniques although they show some promise are at present not practical standard policy for management of the axilla is clearance of the axillary lymph NO either level ii or level iii which is justified on the grounds that it both stages and treats the axilla in those who are axillary nodenegative however it is an unnecessary T0 and is associated with some morbidity various methods to obtain lymph nodes for histologic assessment in an attempt to stage the axilla have been tried the pectoral node biopsy where a single node is removed from the axillary tail has been shown to be unreliable a triplenode biopsy pectoral node apical node IM node provides excellent prognostic data but is difficult to perform in patients who have been treated by breast conservation the fournode sampling technique has been evaluated in edinburgh in two randomized trials comparing node sampling to level iii axillary clearance it was shown to be reliable for staging the axilla and in those who are nodenegative no further treatment is required detailed morbidity has been assessed in patients who underwent axillary clearance and node sampling plus radiotherapy and node sampling without radiotherapy showed that those with node sampling had the least morbidity those who had node sampling plus radiotherapy have reduced movement around the shoulder joint and the axillary clearance group have increased swelling of the UL and slightly reduced abduction the sentinel node biopsy is presently being assessed in several centers by randomized studies several C1 series have shown the technique to be accurate when the sentinel node is identified around of cases | MEDAL |
the effect of plateletderived growth factor pdgf on cellular ca was examined in balbct cells pdgf induced a decrease in cell ca content an apparent increased rate of efflux of preloaded ca a decrease in residual intracellular ca remaining T3 rapid efflux when added after the rapid phase of efflux of ca had occurred an immediate decrease in postefflux residual intracellular ca all of the observed changes in ca induced by pdgf are consistent with a rapid release of ca from an intracellular ca pool that has the slowest efflux and is relatively inaccessible to extracellular edta when incubated with chlortetracycline ctc a FL ca probe t cell mitochondria became intensely FL addition of pdgf resulted in a rapid decrease in ctc fluorescence intensity in both adherent and suspended TA the effects of pdgf on t cell ca stores and ctc FI were MZ with the effects of the ca ionophore a and of the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenyl hydrazone SS which contains pdgf also altered intracellular ca stores but plateletpoor plasma which does not contain pdgf had no effect egf insulin and TPA tpa other AF which stimulate t cell growth did not alter t cell ca stores PR of ca from intracellular sequestration sites may be a mechanism by which pdgf stimulates cell growth | MEDAL |
incapacitating or lifethreatening tachyarrhythmias were treated nonpharmacologically in patients from to among patients surgically treated for supraventricular tachycardia the cure rate was and the complication rate RF catheter ablation gave an equal cure rate in patients but with no major complications or mortality directcurrent catheter ablation of the his bundle was successful in of patients with drugrefractory atrial fibrillation or other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias among patients undergoing surgery for ventricular tachycardiaventricular fibrillation the perioperative mortality was estimated year survival and estimated year freedom from the preoperative arrhythmias of patients treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator three died of HR failure during followup nonpharmacologic treatment of tachyarrhythmias is concluded to be ERP and often definitively curative the safetyrisk ratio is improving as new treatment modalities are developed | MEDAL |
sleep duration has been associated with overall health status health behaviours and mortality little is known about habitual longitudinal patterns of sleep in the GP furthermore evidence about whether sle molecules isg suppression was investigated in the mu sg hcv replicon mh transfected with isgspecific sirna and in B6 mice intravenously injected with lipid NPs lnpformulated sirna interestingly the lnpformulated sirna led to hepatocytespecific knockdown of isg in vivo which mediated a hyporesponsiveness to endogenous and exogenous interferon a label free proteome analysis accompanied by western blot and quantitative rtpcr techniques led to ID of five candidate proteins hn ribonucleoprotein a hnrnpa heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k hnrnpk hydroxymethylglutarylcoa synthase hmgcs isocitrate dehydrogenase cytoplasmic idh and thioredoxin domaincontaining protein txndc that are either involved in lipid metabolism or belong to the family of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnrnp all candidate proteins are likely to be associated with the hcv replication complex furthermore treatment with hnrnpkspecific sirna directly suppressed hcv replication in vitro taken together these data suggest that targeting isg may represent an attractive novel therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic hcv infection | MEDAL |
recombinant factor viia rfviia has been widely used in the treatment of one episodes in haemophiliac patients with inhibitors in haemostatic circles it has also been assessed in reversing oral anticoagulant therapy over the last few years it has been used offlabel in patients with uncontrolled bleeding due to haemostatic abnormalities due to trauma andor massive blood loss thrombocytopenia PLT dysfunction or CL dysfunction this review examines the proposed mechanism of action of rfviia in the context of current concepts of haemostasis and its pharmacological properties the offlicense use of rfviia is reviewed the latter are reported mainly as case reports case series there is an overwhelming need for randomized controlled trials to assess rfviias tau dosing and safety in current offlicense use | MEDAL |
the aim of the T0 was to investigate surgical results and outcome using biliopancreatic diversion bpd and DS bpdds as a representative profile for germany | MEDAL |
a purely subcutaneous benign fibrous histiocytoma bfh dermatofibroma is rarely reported as it is usually a dermally located mesenchymal tumour and in absence of supportive immunohistochemical ihc studies it is often misdiagnosed we are describing a case of a yearold female who presented to the skin OP department with a painful swelling on the medial side of her thigh fine needle aspiration fna revealed a subcutaneous spindle cell mesenchymal lesion which was corroborated on histopathology with differentials of bfh and dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans dfsp bfh constitutes a diagnostic dilemma for both clinicians and pathologists because the lesions share common clinical symptoms radiological characteristics and histological features with many varied entities for its subtyping and confirmation immunohistochemical ihc studies were undertaken in the present case positivity of ihc markers vimentin and smooth SMA emphatically proved that bfh arose exclusively from the subcutaneous region with no dermal origin also a negative cd immunostaining along with low bcell lymphoma bcl expression ruled out dfsp both are strongly expressed in dfsp mfh and other malignant mesenchymal lesions negative cd IF ruled out giant cell lesions and their congeners this case is worth reporting as it not only describes a rare case presentation of bfh but as it also highlights the importance of ihc thus helping to comprehensively clinch the diagnosis by systematically ruling out other differentials | MEDAL |
HP carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy c mrs enables the sensitive and noninvasive assessment of the metabolic changes occurring during myocardial ischemiareperfusion ischemiareperfusion models using HP c mrs are established in heart preparations ex vivo and in large animals in vivo but an in vivo model in small animals would be advantageous to allow the study of reperfusion metabolism with neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses IN with the option to perform a greater number of experiments a novel intact rat model of ischemiareperfusion is presented that incorporates hyperpolarized c mrs to characterize reperfusion metabolism typically in an in vivo MM a tissue input function tif is required to account for apparent changes in the metabolism of injected HP cpyruvate resulting from changes in perfusion whereas the measurement of a tif by metabolic imaging is particularly challenging in small animals the ratios of downstream metabolites can be used as an alternative the ratio of cbicarbonateclactate ratiobiclac measured within min T3 coronary PR decreased vs baseline in ischemic rats n min occlusion controls n p for interaction way anova the decrease in oxidative Pyr metabolism ratiobiclacischemiaratiobiclacbaseline modestly correlated with area at risk r p HP c mrs was also used to examine alanine production during ischemia which is observed in ex vivo models but no significant NC was noted metrics incorporating calanine did not substantially improve the discrimination of ischemicreperfused myocardium from nonischemic myocardium this IN rat MM which mimics the human situation of reperfused myocardial infarction could be highly valuable for the testing of new drugs to treat RI thereby facilitating translational research | MEDAL |
turnip yellow PMV tymv has a genomic plusstrand rna with a cap followed by overlapping and different reading frames for the movement protein and polyprotein while the distal coat protein cistron is translated from a subgenomic rna the untranslated region harbors a trnalike structure tls to which a valine moiety can be added and it is indispensable for virus viability here we report about a surprising interaction between tymvrnaprogrammed ribosomes and valylated tls that yields polyprotein with the valine n terminally incorporated by a translation mechanism resistant to regular initiation inhibitors disruption of the tls exclusively abolishes polyprotein synthesis which can be restored by adding excess tls in trans our observations imply a novel eukaryotic mechanism for internal initiation of mrna translation | MEDAL |
the lesions of a seasonal dermatitis in sheep occurred mainly on the VP surface of the animals but in other respects they resembled those of sweet itch in horses they were primarily an immediate hypersensitivity response and the circumstantial evidence indicated that they were due to the bites of culicoides species possibly c obsoletus | MEDAL |
the concentrations and distributions of L1 lipids cholesterol phospholipid and triglyceride tocopherol and carotenoids were determined in the plasma lipoprotein fractions vldl ldl and hdl of normal human subjects patients with hyperlipoproteinemia and patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with oral betacarotene andor alphatocopherol the distribution of TOC in percent was most closely correlated with the CSD of total lipids in the individual lipoproteins while the L1 portion of betacarotene was present in the LD lipoproteins irrespective of the lipid distribution in the lipoproteins except for one subject with hyperchylomicronemia the alphatocopherol and betacarotene concentrations of plasma and rbc in patients treated with tocopherol and carotene were determined periodically for a oneyear period plasma and rbc tocopherol concentrations showed a rapid parallel increase in response to tocopherol supplementation in contrast the plasma and rbc carotene concentrations showed a much slower and nonparallel increase in response to carotene administration when carotene supplementation was stopped the elevated carotene C2 in both plasma and rbc persisted for several months the elevated plasma carotene level persisted longer than the raised rbc carotene C2 these results suggest that alphatocopherol and betacarotene are transported differently in the circulation and that the tissue storage and mobilization of these EDC are different | MEDAL |
chronic HR failure chf results in CE and peripheral derangements that ultimately reduce skeletal muscle o delivery and impair ET dietary nitrate no supplementation improves skeletal muscle vascular CF and tolerance to exercise we tested the hypothesis that no supplementation would elevate exercising skeletal muscle blood flow bf and V1 conductance vc in chf rats myocardial infarction mi was induced coronary artery ligation in young adult male rats after days of recovery rats randomly received days of no rich beetroot juice chf br n or a PL chf n mean arterial pressure carotid artery catheter and skeletal muscle bf radiolabeled microspheres were measured during TM exercise mmin grade chfinduced dysfunction as determined by myocardial infarction size ± and ± in chf and chf br respectively and left ventricular EDV pressure ± and ± mmhg in chf and chf br respectively and exercising mean arterial pressure ± and ± mmhg in chf and chf br respectively were not different p between groups total exercising hindlimb skeletal muscle bf ± and ± ml·min· g in chf and chf br respectively and vc ± and ± ml·min· g·mmhg in chf and chf br respectively were and greater in brsupplemented rats respectively p during exercise bf in and vc in hindlimb muscles and muscle portions were significantly greater in the chf br group these results provide strong evidence that dietary no supplementation improves skeletal muscle vascular CF during exercise in rats with chf and thus support the use of br as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of chf | MEDAL |
secular frequency scanning is a method of mass selectively scanning ions out of a quadrupole ion trap by linearly ramping the frequency of the resonance ejection signal through ion secular frequencies at constant rf amplitude and frequency the method is electronically much simpler than resonance ejection but it requires a complex nonlinear calibration procedure to correlate masstocharge with time | MEDAL |
this study demonstrates that involution does not occur during early gastrulation of fundulus heteroclitus prior to and during germ ring formation this conclusion has been reached by following the motile SMB of C1 numbers of individual cells instead of involution SF deep cells of the marginal region of the blastoderm undergo ingression they do not leave the surface as members of a flowing cohesive sheet but sink beneath rather haphazardly as individuals indeed during much of ingression many marginal cells are so loosely arranged that they move about freely on the yolk syn layer a small proportion of the cells initially at the blastoderm margin undergo ingression there but most recede from the SM and ingress supramarginally one to three cell diameters from the margin cells that are initially supramarginal ingress mainly there sometimes quite far from the SM only a small number moves to the margin and ingresses there interestingly although most ingression takes place supramarginally much etylaminofluorene aaf to rats increased mdrb expression in fischer wistar and spraguedawley rat livers however the response was much smaller in spraguedawley livers to investigate the basis of this difference we further examined the regulation of the mdrb gene in hepatocytes isolated from fischer spraguedawley and wistar rats a timedependent increase in basal expression of mdrb but not mdr was observed in HCs isolated from all three strains of rats T3 days in SC a larger increase in mdrb mrna C2 was observed in fischer and wistar rat HCs and fold respectively than spraguedawley HCs fold treatment of primary HCs with aaf caused an induction of mdrb expression that varied among the three strains notably spraguedawley HCs were not responsive to aaf in contrast to the parent compound the electrophilic metabolites nhydroxyacetylaminofluorene and nacetoxyacetylaminofluorene caused a dosedependent induction of mdrb expression in both fischer and spraguedawley HCs indicating that differences in the S9 of aaf between the strains may account for the differences in mdrb by aaf hepatocytes isolated from all three strains of rats showed an equivalent induction of mdrb after treatment with cycloheximide nuclear runon assays demonstrated that the increases in mdrb expression with time in SC and after xenobiotic treatment were due to increased transcription | MEDAL |
medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve is a rare developmental RT we describe a yearold boy with profound loss of vision associated with a visible tumor of the optic nerve head in his left eye a clinically diagnosed retinoblastoma necessitated left eye enucleation the histopathological diagnosis was malignant medulloepithelioma that was incompletely resected further RT resection was required and the patient received adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy four years after treatment the patient has neither clinical nor radiological evidence of RT | MEDAL |
mometasone furoate nasonex in a new oncedaily AQ nasal spray formulation has been shown to be as ERP and welltolerated as twicedaily beclomethasone dipropionate AQ nasal spray in treating symptoms of SAR and perennial rhinitis | MEDAL |
a low molecular weight hemorrhagic toxin lmht was isolated from the venom of trimeresurus flavoviridis from yorojima using qsepharose column chromatography the purified hemorrhagic toxin was homogeneous by disc polyacrylamide gel PACE at ph and ouchterlony ID lmht has a molecular weight of and possesses hemorrhagic activity it did not show CS azocasein azoalbumin or tame tosyllarginine methyl ester hydrochloride hydrolytic MICs hemorrhagic activity was inhibited by edta tep tetraethylenepentamine papmsfpamidinophenylmethanesulfonylfluoride hcl and NBS the minimum hemorrhagic dose of this hemorrhagic toxin was microgmouse lmht induced hydrolysis of the aa and bbeta chains of bovine fibrinogen | MEDAL |
although giant cell arteritis gca is a rare cause of ophthalmoplegia swift diagnosis and treatment are necessary to avoid other complications we report here a case of gca in a yearold woman with a history of hypertension and thyroid lobectomy diagnosis resulted from binocular diplopia although CP gca symptoms had been present a few days before oral corticotherapy led to a rapid disappearance of headaches and normal ocular motility in month we discuss the ophthalmological signs of the disease and the place of temporal artery biopsy and treatment | MEDAL |
we studied the effects of blocking intracortical inhibition by microiontophoretic administration of bicuculline methiodide bmi a selective antagonist for GABA acida receptors on direction sensitivity of neurons in the V1 vi of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys the DS index dsi of each cell was calculated for the control response and response during the bmi administration at the optimal CS- orientation to assess the directionality of an individual cell the averaged direction tuning of visual responses of cells was sharp in layers iva and ivb moderate in both interblob and blob regions of layer iiiii and layers v and vi and poor in layers ivc alpha and ivc beta iontophoretic administration of bmi uncovered or facilitated responses to stimuli moving in the nonpreferred direction and reduced dsis of cells to a varying extent in all the layers except SL vi responses to stimuli moving in the PD were also facilitated so that a slight bias of response toward the originally preferred direction remained during bmi administration in most cells most of the cells in layers iiiii both blobs and interblobs and ivb that receive inputs from layers ivc alpha and ivc beta showed a clear reduction of direction selectivity during bmi administration this result suggests that intracortical inhibition plays an important role in the elaboration of direction selectivity at the second stage of information processing in vi the DS of cells in SL vi was most resistant to the effects of bmi suggesting that it is dependent on excitatory inputs that are already direction selective even though the sample size of this SL was small in directionselective cells outside layer vi responses to a stimulus moving in the PD were enhanced in a way that was linearly related with those in the nonpreferred direction as the bmi dose was increased this suggests that various amounts of inhibition interact linearly with directionally biased excitatory inputs to raise the firing threshold to various levels so as to produce various degrees of directionality these results suggest that in most of the directionally sensitive cells except for those in layer vi there are excitatory inputs which are bidirectional but slightly biased to one direction and that the intracortical inhibition raises a threshold level of responses to excitatory inputs so that the response become direction selective | MEDAL |
afferent nerve fibers of the somatosensory system are a molecularly diverse cell population that detects a varied range of environmental stimuli converting these external cues ultimately into a sensory percept afferents mediating PCD of thermal stimuli express a repertoire of temperature sensitive SAC of the trp family which endow these nerves with the ability to respond to the breadth of temperatures in the environment the cold and menthol receptor trpm is responsible for detection of cold and unlike other thermosensors detects both innocuous and noxious temperatures how this single molecule can perform such diverse functions is currently unknown but expression analyses in AD tissues shows that trpm neurons are a molecularly diverse population and it is likely that this diversity underlies differential functionality to determine how this phenotype is established we examined the developmental time course of trpm expression using a mouse transgenic line in which gfp expression is driven by the trpm transcriptional promoter trpmgfp we find that trpmgfp expression begins prior to embryonic day e T3 which expression reaches C2 observed in AD neurons by e central axons of trpmgfptated spigelian aponeurosis spigelian hernias account for to of all abdominal wall hernias with a risk of strangulation we report the case of a yearold male that presented with small bowel one with incarcerated spigelian hernia which was successfully treated with a ventralex hernia patch bard access systems inc murray hill nj a small open incision over the incarcerated hernia was a safe and ERP method of repairing an incarcerated spigelian hernia in an urgent fashion | MEDAL |
PD bypass VG cabg surgery is a common procedure for patients with PD disease the physiologic effects of postoperative osteopathic manipulative treatment omt following cabg have not been documented previously | MEDAL |
using fluorescence histochemistry ht histamine and heparin were colocalized in a large population of cells in the dura mater thereby identifying them as mast cells in addition because these cells were highly sensitive to compound and were densely packed with LG of a consistent density they were identified specifically as connective tissue mast cells other types of mast cells ie mucosal or neurolipomastocytes were not present in the rat dura mater ht immunohistochemistry was the best technique for demonstrating that there were populations of mast cells one associated with each of the two layers of dura although shaped differently the type of mast cell in each layer was the same it was observed that mast cell shape is dependent on the contiguity density and orientation of its surrounding elements not its type in general mast cells in the outer layer were aligned parallel to the middle meningeal artery and those in the inner layer were parallel to TG nerve branches that coursed obliquely across the middle meningeal i.a. examination of crosssections of dura revealed that most mast cells also were aligned at the interface between the two dural layers the linear orientation of mast cells in two planes of each SL suggests a programmed lamellar seeding of these cells during OD of the dura this T0 also demonstrated that the majority of dural mast cells were more closely related to other connective tissue elements than to blood vessels and nerves these results are compatible with the suggestion that dural mast cells play a nonobligatory role in the neuroinflammatory response leave open to question the role of the dural mast cell in HA or the regulation of blood flow and support evidence that dural mast cells play an important role in connective tissue related functions eg development inflammatory response to injury and wound repair | MEDAL |
thallium MP scanning can assess regional myocardial perfusion noninvasively as it is both timeconsuming and expensive its use should be restricted to specific diagnostic problems the clinical indications in known or suspected PD disease are reviewed in suspected PD disease thallium scanning is most useful in patients with CP when the exercise ecg is uninterpretable in men with probable angina but a negative exercise ecg or conversely a positive exercise ecg without typical angina and in women with probable angina and either a positive or a negative exercise ecg in known coronary i.a. disease thallium scanning may help determine the PET significance of a coronary obstruction found at angiography and may determine the site of myocardial ischaemia when multiple obstructions are present | MEDAL |
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