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neurobiological models of obsessivecompulsive disorder ocd posit that its clinical PS such as repetitive thoughts and behaviors are related to hyperactivity in the corticostriatothalamocortical cstc circuit small scale neuroimaging studies have shown that treatment of ocd is associated with reduced activity across different BB structures within this circuitry we performed the first metaanalysis of positron emission tomography pet and single photon emission computed tomography spect studies that investigated CBF blood flow or gl metabolism in patients with ocd before and T3 pharmacological or psychological treatment we calculated standardized mean differences for the regionsofinterest most often reported the metaanalysis revealed small reductions in activity in the Cd nucleus and orbitofrontal SC T3 treatment with a SRI or cognitive behavioral therapy small reductions were also observed in the TH when one spect T0 with a C1 opposite effect was excluded from the analysis metaregression analyses for the caudate nucleus showed no significant effect of the type of treatment decrease in symptom severity mean duration until the followup scan or year of publication these results show that pharmacological and psychological treatments reduce resting cstc circuit activity and provide further support for the cstc circuit MM in ocd | MEDAL |
after termination of protein synthesis the bacterial ribosome is split into its s and s subunits by the action of ribosome recycling factor rrf and elongation factor g efg in a guanosine triphosphate gtphydrolysisdependent manner based on a previous cryoelectron microscopy study of ribosomal complexes we have proposed that the binding of efg to an rrfcontaining posttermination ribosome triggers an interdomain rotation of rrf which destabilizes two strong intersubunit bridges ba and b and ultimately separates the two subunits here we present a a fourier shell rho cutoff of cryo-EM map of a s x efg x guanosine betagammaimidotriphosphate x rrf complex and a quasiatomic model derived from it showing the interaction between efg and rrf on the s S1 in the presence of the noncleavable gtp analogue guanosine betagammaimidotriphosphate the detailed information in this model and a comparative analysis of efg structures in various nucleotide and ribosomebound states show how rotation of the rrf head domain may be triggered by various domains of efg for validation of our structural MM all known mutations in efg and rrf that relate to ribosome recycling have been taken into account more importantly our results indicate a substantial conformational NC in the switch i region of efg suggesting that a conformational ST mechanism similar to that employed in transfer rna translocation on the ribosome by efg translates a largescale movement of efgs domain iv induced by gtp hydrolysis into the domain rotation of rrf that eventually splits the ribosome into subunits | MEDAL |
in the advisory EC on immunization practices the american academy of pediatrics the american association of FPs and the american medical association recommended a routine healthcare visit for adolescents aged years during this visit adolescents not fully vaccinated should receive up to four recommended vaccines hepatitis b a measlescontaining vaccine mcv varicella and tetanusdiphtheria and other preventive services and counseling because many adolescents are not uptodate for all of these vaccines states have developed middle school entrance requirements or laws for one or more of these vaccines since cdc in collaboration with the preteen health project in san diego california has evaluated the impact of the states middle school vaccination law which requires students entering seventh grade on or after july to have documented receipt of three doses of SH b and two doses of mcv or to have obtained a written exemption based on personal beliefs or medical grounds this report summarizes the results of that analysis which indicate that when school entrance requirements are enforced high vaccination coverage can be achieved | MEDAL |
toxicological and epidemiological studies have investigated several factors that are believed to induce cytogenetic damage in human sperm cells in an effort to estimate heritable risk to future generations most of these studies have not differentiated damage based on cell fertility or motility in the clinical setting intracytoplasmic sperm i.t. icsi bypasses the NK process of sperm selection although practitioners attempt to select motile sperm for icsi the sperm may not always demonstrate motility maturity or even viability knowing whether cytogenetic damage differs in motile versus unselected sperm would improve our ability to estimate heritable risk and lead to improved icsi procedures and would expand the body of toxicology and epidemiology research we divided semen samples from HD and compared aneuploidy and chromosome breakage in sperm cells gathered directly from the ejaculate unprocessed semen with cells enriched for motility using the swimup CA sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect aneuploidy for chromosomes x and y tandem labeling probes were used to detect breakage in the cenq region of chromosome the occurrence of disomy and xy was significantly lower in specimens enriched for motility p and p respectively sperm that carried duplication PE and 2C sperm were also seen less frequently in semen analyzed by the swimup assay p chromosome breakage did not differ between swim upassayed and unprocessed specimens findings suggest that unprocessed semen may overestimate heritable aneuploidy risk in sperm biomarker studies and may be biologically relevant to icsi in disomy categories and xy demonstrating fold to fold differences | MEDAL |
the present investigation tested the hypothesis that multiple withdrawals from chronic ethanol treatment kindles seizure activity two animal models of kindled seizure activityelectrical stimulation of the IC cortex or the amygdalawere used to evaluate this hypothesis four withdrawals from a day ethanolliquid diet regimen facilitated the seizure kindling rate in the inferior collicular SC when the stimulation was initiated days T3 the last withdrawal in contrast four withdrawals from this chronic ethanol regimen significantly attenuated the rate of AM kindling when the withdrawals were increased to six or using a day chronic ethanol treatment schedule the kindling rate in the IC cortex proved directly proportional to the withdrawal number continuous ethanol exposure over the same period as the withdrawal group also facilitated the VPI collicular kindling rate but not to the extent found in the withdrawal group a before withdrawals from the day chronic ethanol liquid diet treatment attenuated the rate of AM kindling thus this kindling action of repeated ethanol withdrawals appears TPS to seizures originating from the inferior collicular cortex not the limbic system these findings support a previous hypothesis for a kindling etiology of ALC related seizures | MEDAL |
in the past decade the field of neural interface systems has enjoyed an increase in attention from the scientific community and the GA public in part due to the enormous potential that such systems have to increase the quality of life for paralyzed patients while significant progress has been made serious challenges remain to be addressed from both biological and engineering perspectives a key issue is how to optimize the decoding of neural information such that neural signals are correctly mapped to effectors that interact with the outside world like robotic hands and limbs or the patients own muscles here we present some recent progress on tackling this problem by applying the latest developments in ML neural data was collected from macaque monkeys performing a realtime hand grasp decoding task signals were recorded via chronically implanted electrodes in the anterior intraparietal SC aip and ventral premotor SC f BB areas that are known to be involved in the transformation of visual signals into hand grasping instructions we present a comparative T0 of different CP machine learning methods with an application of decoding of hand postures as well as a new RPA for more robust decoding results suggests that combining datadriven algorithmic approaches with wellknown parametric methods could lead to better performing and more robust learners which may have direct implications for future clinical devices | MEDAL |
smallcell LC sclc can produce numerous mitogenic neuropeptides which are not found in normal respiratory epithelium arginine vasopressin is detected in up to twothirds of sclc tumours whereas normal physiological expression is essentially restricted to the hypothalamus this presents the opportunity to identify elements of the gene promoter which could be exploited for sclcspecific targeting a series of human vasopressin promoter fragments bp bp and bp were isolated and cloned UP of a reporter gene these were transfected into a panel of ten cell lines including sclc with high or low endogenous vasopressin transcription nonsclc and bronchial epithelium all these fragments directed reporter mRNA in the five sclc cell lines but had negligible activity in the control lines the level of reporter gene expression reflected the level of endogenous vasopressin production with up to fold sd higher activitnoic acid the metabolites were identified by spectroscopic methods | MEDAL |
monoclonal antibody subplate mab sp specifically stains somata dendrites and axons of spiny inverted pyramidal SN in the SP zone in the early postnatal kitten neocortex the sp antigen has been previously identified as a cytosolic protein of apparent molecular weight kda we have now employed immuneaffinity chromatography to further characterize this antigen an antigen with splike immunoreactivity ir is present in various organs and is particularly enriched in blood plasma exsanguination of the organs prior to protein SE reduces the spir band dramatically indicative of a bloodborne molecule the kda spir antigen was purified from plasma by AC and subjected to edman degradation the first NT amino acids show homology to the nterminus of IgH chain of man the mouse and the dog if the kda spir antigen in plasma is an immunoglobulin and if an immunoglobulinlike molecule is present in the subplate then antisera against cat immunoglobulins should stain SP SN a polyclonal antiserum against cat igg intensely stains the somata and dendrites of subplate SN on protein blots this AS recognizes the kda band and an additional band of approximately kda corresponding in size to immunoglobulin light chains preabsorbing mab sp with cat immunoglobulin g abolishes the immunoreactivity in sections of kitten SC further it dramatically reduces the CR on protein blots the results suggest that the kda spir antigen in cortical SP neurons belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily | MEDAL |
the interactions between the different rib cage inspiratory muscles in the generation of pleural pressure remain largely unknown in the present study we have assessed in dogs the interactions between the parasternal intercostals and the interosseous intercostals situated on the right and left sides of the sternum for each set of muscles the changes in airway opening pressure deltapao obtained during separate RA and left activation were added and the calculated values predicted deltapao were then compared with the deltapao values obtained during symmetric bilateral activation measured deltapao when the parasternal intercostals in one or two interspaces were activated the measured deltapao was commonly greater than the predicted value the difference however was only when the interosseous intercostals were activated the measured deltapao was nearly equal to the predicted value these observations strengthen our previous conclusion that the pressure changes produced by the rib cage inspiratory muscles are essentially additive as a corollary the rib cage can be considered as a linear elastic structure over a wide range of distortion | MEDAL |
incorporation of the calcium chelator bapta into isolated IN of kidney function in humans with progressive GS due to glomerulonephritis or diabetes mellitus a CE feature of glomerulosclerosis is the pathological accumulation of EM within the diseased glomeruli transforming growth factor beta tgfbeta is known to have widespread RII effects on extracellular matrix and has been implicated as a L1 cause of increased extracellular matrix synthesis and buildup of pathological matrix within glomeruli in experimental glomerulonephritis in the present study it is shown that administration of a low HP to rats rapidly reduces the elevated expression of tgfbeta mrna and tgfbeta protein that is known to occur within glomeruli T3 induction of glomerulonephritis compared to a normal protein diet glomerulonephritic rats receiving the low protein diet did not develop an increase in glomerular EM and showed significantly less proteinuria glomeruli isolated from glomerulonephritic rats fed the normal HP showed a marked increase in proteoglycan synthesis on day of disease and were demonstrated to be secreting increased amounts of tgfbeta into the medium whereas glomeruli at the same point in time isolated from rats on a low HP showed no increase in proteoglycan production or tgfbeta secretion these results suggest that a mechanism of the rapid therapeutic effect of a low protein diet on experimental glomerulonephritis is through suppression of tgfbeta expression and prevention of the induction of extracellular matrix synthesis within the injured glomeruli | MEDAL |
long treatment protocols currently limit the application of distraction osteogenesis do the purpose of this study was to develop a porcine model for do and to define the effects of latency and distraction rate on bone formation | MEDAL |
growth hormone gh is the most abundant hormone from all PIT hormones linear bone growth increases as a result of complex hormonal reactions in particular as an effect of insulinlike growth factor i igf i gh has a key role in longitudinal bone growth and in reaching peak bone mass pbm during childhood and adolescence pbm is a important risk predictor of osteoporotic fractures despite closure of epiphyseal growth plates effect of ghigf on bone turnover bone mass BD and strength lasts by regulation of bone remodelation many authors have observed low bmd in hypopituitarismus especially in growth hormone deficient ghd patients initially reduction of bmd has been described after months of therapy with growth hormone when therapy continued bmd has normalized or was even higher in comparison with the beginning of the therapy reduction in bmd results from increased remodelation space after enhanced activation of bone turnover during gh therapy decrease in bone growth and pbm also influences incidence of fractures in elderly patients it has been shown that months of gh therapy slightly increased bmd in a group of adult men with adult ON of ghd aoghd whereas in women it has not significantly changed three previous studies have proved increased fracture risk in patients with ghd not only high number of patients but also an applicable control group confirmation of potential risk factors such as bmi smoking sex calcium intake and physical activity are needed to estimate the risk of fractures holmer et al have analysed fracture incidence in ghd patients on replacement therapy compared to normal population no increase of fracture risk in ao ghd women has been observed but ghd was associated with higher fracture risk in women with childhood onset of ghd co ghd men have even lower incidence of fractures matched with control group there are also sexual differences in effects of gh on bone women have in general higher C2 of gh secretion but the normal range for SS igfi is similar in men and women in a PL controlled double blind study where men and women with ghd received the same dose of gh on mbody the increase of SS igfi C2 was higher in men possible explanation for sexual differences in response to gh therapy is that sexual hormones affect gh secretion | MEDAL |
adsorption to a polymeric surface may severely alter the antigenic structure of proteins through unfolding a conventional capture elisa in which a protein antigen is adsorbed to the microtiter SP may be unsuitable for testing the specificity of antibodies directed against native proteins c schwab and hr bosshard j immunol methods this problem can be overcome by pace a new elisa procedure in which monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are first allowed to equilibrate with biotinylated antigen in solution thereafter the antigenantibody complex and free antibody is bound to the microtiter plate through protein a captured antigenantibody complex is detected by streptavidinalkaline phosphatase and pnitrophenylphosphate a competition assay is accomplished by coincubation of biotinylated and nonbiotinylated antigens before capture to the protein acoated plate pace combines the advantages of a solutionphase immunoassay farr assay with the ease of a solidphase elisa pace has been used to test the conformational specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against native and denatured cytochrome c and of a polyclonal AS against a coiled coil leucine zipper peptide since a biotin group can be attached specifically to the NT residue of synthetic peptides pace is also useful for assaying reactivity against peptide antigens which are difficult to adsorb to microtiter plates | MEDAL |
to assess microvascular activity in the skin of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome fms as compared with normal controls | MEDAL |
a braincomputer interface bci is a device that transforms brain signals which are intentionally modulated by a user into control commands bcis based on motor imagery mi and steadystate visual evoked potentials ssvep can partially restore motor control in spinal cord injured patients to determine whether these bcis can be combined for grasp and elbow function control independently we investigated a control method where the beta rebound after brisk feet mi is used to control the grasp function and a twoclass ssvepbci the elbow function of a degreesoffreedom artificial UL subjective preferences for the bci control were assessed with a questionnaire the results of the initial evaluation of the system suggests that this is feasible | MEDAL |
nanotechnology is a rapidly growing discipline that capitalizes on the unique properties of matter engineered on the nanoscale vehicles incorporating nanotechnology have led to great strides in drug delivery allowing for increased active ingredient stability bioavailability and sitespecific targeting botulinum toxin has historically been used for the correction of neurological and NM disorders such as torticollis blepharospasm and strabismus recent dermatological indications have been for the management of axillary hyperhydrosis and facial rhytides traditional methods of botulinum toxin delivery have been needlebased these have been associated with increased pain and cost newer methods of botulinum toxin formulation have yielded topical S9 that are bioactive in small pilot clinical studies while there are some risks associated with topical delivery the refinement and standardization of delivery systems and techniques for the topical administration of botulinum toxin using nanotechnology is anticipated in the near future | MEDAL |
in patients with acute myocardial infarction who received u of streptokinase the gradual appearance of newly synthesized fibrinogen and the fibrinopeptide PR during the first h after sk treatment were evaluated at h the fibrinogen circulating in plasma was observed as the high molecular weight fraction hmwfg the concentration of hmwfg increased continuously and at h reached values higher than those obtained from normal plasma hmwfg represented about of the total fibrinogen during the first h the degree of phosphorylation of patient fibrinogen increased from before treatment to during the first h and then slowly declined to at h the early rates of fibrinopeptide a fpa and phosphorylated fibrinopeptide a fpap PR are higher in patient fibrinogen than in isolated normal hmwfg and normal fibrinogen T3 thrombin addition the early rate of fibrinopeptide b fpb PR is the same for the three fibrinogen CG however the late rate of fpb release is higher in patient fibrinogen than in normal hmwfg and normal fibrinogen therefore the newly synthesized fibrinogen clots faster than fibrinogen in the normal Css in two of the patients who had occluded CAs after sk treatment the hmwfg and fpap C2 increased as compared with the patients who had patent coronary arteries these results provide some support for the idea that an increased synthesis of fibrinogen in circulation may result in a procoagulant tendency if this is so the hmwfg and fpap content may serve as a risk index for thrombosis | MEDAL |
the oxidations of injected ucglucose ucalanine and ucleucine were investigated in laboratory rats during rest or h of easy and hard treadmill running after ucglucose injection the rate and magnitude of co evolution were relatively low at rest and increased as a linear CF of VO2 vo evolution of co after ucalanine i.t. was faster and larger during exercise than rest the peak of alanine decarboxylation occurred before glucose and therefore did not reflect conversion of alanine to gl prior to decarboxylation the rate and magnitude of co evolution after ucleucine i.t. mbda and kappa chains but its surfaceig is exclusively mulambda two different mu chains could be detected both precipitated by either antimu or antilambda sera IP with antikappa precipitated neither kappa nor mu putral was derived by fusing put with rael an unusual surfaceigglambdacarrying bl L1 in this hybrid the ability to synthesize gamma and lambda chains has been eclipsed but two mu chains are present one corresponding to the truncated k chain of put and a normalsized k between and of the cells stain for surface igm | MEDAL |
in all eyes of normaltension glaucoma ntg patients and eyes of hightension glaucoma htg patients matched for similar visual field defects underwent retinal nervefiberlayer rnfl analysis using a computerized digitalimage CAS subjects with ntg showed more localized rnfl loss than diffuse loss as compared with htg patients the results support the hypothesis that there may be different mechanisms of damage in glaucoma | MEDAL |
measurement of methylmalonylcoa mutase and propionylcoa carboxylase activities in lysates from fibroblasts derived from control NKH propionic acidemia and both vitamin bresponsive and nonresponsive variants of methylmalonic acidemia showed only one abnormality a decrease in carboxylase activity in the nonketotic hyperglycinemic lysates p less than when fibroblasts from all cell types were grown on valinesupplemented mm media mutase activity was generally inhibited as for carboxylase activity control lines were inhibited as compared to controls without valine and propionic acidemia activity was undetectable on the other hand carboxylase activity in both MMA SCV was increased and nonketotic hyperglycinemia carboxylase activity was increased p less than when grown on valinesupplemented media isoleucine could not substitute for valine in producing increased carboxylase activity in these mutants glycine cleavage activity in fresh rat CL homogenates micronmolgm protein min did not vary significantly when mm valine was added to the reaction micronmolmg protein min therefore the hyperglycinemia observed in both ketotic and nonketotic forms is probably not caused by a direct effect of valine on the glycine cleavage reaction these data suggest that the presence of increased amounts of propionic acid in SS or urine does not necessarily rule out the possibility of NKH due to the decreased activity of the carboxylase enzyme | MEDAL |
mitochondria despite their function in cellular energy metabolism play an important role in the AI signaling pathways these organelles in response to the death signal undergo changes resulting in the PR of proteins which are essential to conduct apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway this article is focused on the properties and functions of apoptogenic proteins released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space ie caspases cytochrome c smacdiablo serine protease omihtra aif and endonuclease g | MEDAL |
proportional assist ventilation with loadadjustable gain AF pav is a mode of ventilation that provides assistance in proportion to patient effort this may have physiological and clinical advantages when compared with pressure support ventilation psv our objective was to compare these two modes in patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation | MEDAL |
overaction of the VPI obliqueio muscle is manifested by elevation of the adducted eye and from the clinical point of view there are two types of overaction the primary type is of unknown cause whereas the secondary type is usually related to the palsy of the ipsilateral SO or CL superior rectus an ultrastructural T0 on the overacting io muscles was performed compared to normal io muscles by electron microscopy of biopsies of overacting io muscles four had primary overacting inferior obliques and twelve had AA overacting VPI obliques due to paralysis of superior oblique muscle additional four io muscle obtained from patients with intraocular diseases served as control specimens the most striking abnormalities were aggregations of mitochondria and degenerating mitochondrial profiles and increased vacuolization in primary and AA overacting muscles many muscle fibers were in different stages of atrophy and hypertrophy and regeneration of muscle SF were sometimes visible the results suggest that the primary overacting io muscle might be the result of a paresis of the SO muscle | MEDAL |
tail pinch in the rat gives rise to a well characterised pattern of behaviour which includes gnawing licking and eating we have used both in vivo voltammetry and MD to monitor neurochemical changes which accompany the behavioural response to a min TP TP resulted in a increase of extracellular hydroxytryptamine and a smaller and more delayed increase of 5-HIAA in the hippocampus in the striatum there was a rise of both extracellular dopamine and ascorbate with a recently developed constant potential voltammetric technique we can continuously monitor changes in extracellular ascorbate using this technique we found a very rapid rise in ascorbate current during a min tail pinch the current began to decline as soon as the clip was removed the high time resolution of the technique also allowed us to record similar ascorbate changes during a s tail pinch | MEDAL |
severe alcoholic hepatitis sah in addition to AH ah is a lifethreatening complication of AA and its pathogenesis remains unclear the deficiency of adamts results in an increase of the plasma unusually large von willebrand factor multimer ulvwfm and finally causes microcirculatory disturbance and multiorgan failure we investigated the relationship of adamts and von willebrand factor antigen vwfag with the clinical features of ah and sah | MEDAL |
the effects of restrictive FF strategies aimed at promoting a compensatory growth response were investigated with respect to tenderness improvement in pork m longissimus thoracis compensatory growth response is defined by increased weight in pigs fed ad libitum T3 a period with RF compared to pigs fed ad libitum the entire fattening period specifically the aim was to T0 the sensory textural characteristics after female and entire male pigs have been exposed to restrictions in either SE protein or both in TPS growth periods it was found that textural differences were caused by feeding strategies and not related to R2 in IMF which did not vary significantly between genders the female pigs demonstrated compensatory growth response and the texture was significantly p improved by low dietary level of energy from day to and normal dietary level of protein during the entire feeding period for the entire male pigs low level of protein in the late FF period significantly p improved the texture also low level of protein and normal level of SE in the early feeding period resulted in improved tenderness however these texture improvements were deemed not to be an effect of compensatory growth since the entire male pigs did not compensate for the FF restriction in the early feeding period the tenderness enhancement for the entire male pigs compromised the production results in terms of lower carcass weight | MEDAL |
the gramnegative pathogen toxigenic p multocida causes progressive AR par in swine throughout the world although some vaccines are being developed against par their tau has not been evaluated using carbopol in our study a mixture of killed b bronchiseptica and p multocida bacteria combined with recombinant proteins containing the c and ntermini of pmt was emulsified using two different adjuvants isaa and carbopol the efficacy of these two vaccines was evaluated in a mouse MM balbc mice were immunized twice at a day interval two weeks T3 the AA immunization blood samples were collected and the mice were challenged with toxigenic p multocida thirtyfive days later the mice were euthanized blood and tissue samples were collected compared with mice inoculated with vaccine emulsified with isaa higher titers of sn and significantly increased levels of tnfα il and ila were observed in mice inoculated with vaccine emulsified with the carbopol p especially mice immunized with vaccine emulsified with the CP had no detectable pathological changes in snouts or organs T3 challenge the results demonstrated that carbopol adjuvanted vaccine provides good protection against par and p multocida infection which can induce robust humoral and cellmediated responses we conclude that the carbopol adjuvanted vaccine is a good candidate for par prevention | MEDAL |
the genomic library of staphylococcus aureus o has been constructed on the embl vector the synthetic oligonucleotide probes to n and cend regions of alphahemolysin permitted identification of the recombinant bacteriophage clone rs containing a gene for this protein the restriction map of the cloned fragment has been constructed for restriction endonucleases salgi ecorv psti pvuii expression of the Hly gene in phagolysate of the recombinant clone rs units per ml has been demonstrated | MEDAL |
our objective was to determine temporal patterns of breastfeeding among women delivering infants in new york city nyc and compare national BF trends all hospitals in nyc with obstetric units were contacted in may and june to provide information on the method of infant feeding during the mothers admission for delivery FF was categorized as exclusive BF breast and formula or exclusive formula the first two categories were further grouped into any BF in the analysis hospitals were classified as public and private and patients were classified by insurance type as service and private data between public and private hospitals and service and private patients were compared BF trends over time were compared by using previous iterations of the same survey of newborns representing approximately of all reported LB in the city during the T0 period were exclusively BF were fed a combination of breast milk and formula and the remaining were exclusively formulafed infants born in private hospitals were times more likely to be exclusively breastfed compared with infants discharged from public hospitals vs respectively similarly private patients were more likely than service patients to exclusively breastfeed their infants vs respectively and to use a combination of breast and formula ie any BF vs respectively from to the proportion of exclusive BF increased from to the percentage of combined FF increased from to and the percentage of any breastfeeding increased from to nyc has more than doubled the rate of breastfeeding since however there is much progress to be made and continued efforts are vital to maintain current gains in breastfeeding improve the rates further and prolong the duration of BF | MEDAL |
the xlinked rp locus codes for retinitis pigmentosa gtpase regulator rpgr a protein of unknown CF with sequence homology to the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ran gtpase we created an rpgrdeficient mu model by gene knockout in the mutant mice cone photoreceptors exhibit ectopic localization of cone opsins in the cell body and synapses and rod photoreceptors have a reduced level of rhodopsin subsequently both cone and rod photoreceptors degenerate rpgr was found normally localized to the connecting cilia of rod and cone photoreceptors these data point to a role for rpgr in maintaining the polarized protein distribution across the connecting cilium by facilitating directional transport or restricting redistribution the CF of rpgr is essential for the longterm maintenance of photoreceptor viability | MEDAL |
rat olfactory SNs osns the primary elements of the olfactory system are located in the OE lining the nasal cavity exposed to the environment their lifespan is short consequently osns are regularly regenerated and several reports show that activity strongly modulates their OD and regeneration the IP olfactory system can adjust to the amount of stimulus through compensatory mechanisms unilateral naris occlusion uno was frequently used to investigate this mechanism at the entire epithelium level however there is little data regarding the effects of uno at the cellular level especially on individual neuronal populations expressing a defined or here using uno during the first three PN weeks we analyzed the anatomical and molecular consequences of sensory ED in osns populations expressing the mor and m receptors the density of morexpressing SN is decreased in the closed side while uno does not affect the density of mexpressing SN using real time qpcr on isolated neurons we observed that uno modulates the transcript C2 for transduction pathway proteins odorant receptors cnga pdec the transcripts modulated by uno will differ between populations depending on the receptor expressed these results suggest that sensory ED will have different effects on different osns populations as a consequence early experience will shape the PET properties of osns differently depending on the type of odorant receptor they express | MEDAL |
proteinenergy malnutrition is a L1 problem in dialysis patients there is increased morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients with malnutrition there are very few published studies on nutritional parameters and adequacy of dialysis from the developing world and especially from africa there was a significant improvement in NM function and nutrition in HD in egypt with optimization of dialysis dose and NS in a T0 of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis capd patients in durban south africa there was a reduction in the number of hbinary mixture configuration with one component removed using tools from equilibrium statistical mechanics we analyze the diagrammatic structure of and derive an approximate formula for this nonequilibrium materials porosity and henry regime selectivity we find that templating significantly increases the porosity as well as the selectivity for the larger component of a mixture | MEDAL |
little is known on the effector mechanisms inducing the cutaneous lesions observed during acute graftvshost disease agvhd after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation bmt histological findings have indicated that infiltrating cd lymphocytes probably play a role we addressed the question of whether host minor histocompatibility mh antigenreactive Tc lymphocytes ctl could account for this phenomenon via direct lysis of the epidermal cell layer six ctl clones obtained from peripheral BL of patients suffering from agvhd each recognizing a wellcharacterized mhc class irestricted mh antigen epitope were tested on cultured keratinocytes of nine mhc and mh antigentyped donors four of six mh antigenspecific ctl clones lysed unstimulated mhc class iexpressing as well as recombinant interferongamma rifngammaactivated icam mhc class i and iiexpressing keratinocytes two strongly cytolytic ctl clones showed no recognition of keratinocytes of donors whose phytohemagglutininactivaf eight cases and EMA eight of eight cases including the spindle cell component that was present in four of nine cases desmin significantly changed the interpretation of rhabdomyosarcoma differentiation by refuting putative rhabdomyoblasts in two cases and identifying rhabdomyoblasts in two other cases where they were unrecognized on hematoxylineosin staining s protein was positive in all five cases with chondrosarcoma differentiation musclespecific actin and vimentin were positive in the sarcomatous component of all cases and in the carcinomatous component of seven and cases respectively T3 IS rat elements were present in of cases cases of rhabdomyosarcoma three cases of CS three cases of mixed rhabdomyosarcoma and chondrosarcoma and one case of liposarcoma only six of patients with followup were disease free for months or longer associated with stage i or ii disease smaller size no lymphatic invasion in the resection specimen and no invasion of the outer two thirds of myometrium presence and type of rat elements grade of sarcomatous or carcinomatous components histologic type of carcinomatous component gross appearance presence of CN or use of chemotherapy or radiotherapy did not affect outcome carcinosarcomas are clinically aggressive distinctive mixed epithelialstromal neoplasms with histologic and immunohistochemical features that overlap with metaplastic carcinoma in many cases | MEDAL |
differential gene expression plays a critical role in many biological processes to facilitate the screening of the entire mrna species for cloning differentially expressed genes we have made an effort to merge two polymerase chain reaction pcrbased methods differential display dd and arbitrarily primed rna fingerprinting aprfp with some modifications using this modified method to screen the mrnas of the BB tissues of manganese superoxide dismutase mnsoddeficient mice we found several differentially expressed mrna species one mrna species that was further analyzed by RNA hybridization and sequencing and was confirmed to be induced only in the brain of mnsoddeficient mice encoded stathminop the mnsod deficiency causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction thus the induction of stathminop a gene linked with microtubule catastrophe disassembly and often upregulated in neoplastic tissues and proliferating cells may provide some understanding of the pathological changes in the brain of mnsoddeficient mice | MEDAL |
we hypothesized that total orthotopic HR transplantation toht improves humoral AAR hemodynamics compared with biatrial transplantation or standard orthotopic heart transplantation soht | MEDAL |
background the goal of the fmri experiment was to explore the involvement of central auditory structures in pathomechanisms of a behaviorally manifested auditory temporary threshold shift in humans material and methods the material included healthy volunteers with normal hearing subjects in the SE group were presented with min of binaural acoustic overstimulation of narrowband noise khz central frequency at dba the control group was not exposed to noise but instead relaxed in silence AEP fmri was performed in session before and sessions T3 acoustic overstimulation and involved khz sweeps results the outcomes of the T0 indicate a possible effect of acoustic overstimulation on CE processing with decreased brain responses to auditory stimulation up to min after exposure to noise the effect can be seen already in the primary auditory cortex decreased bold signal NC can be due to increased excitation thresholds andor increased SA of auditory neurons throughout the AEP system conclusions the trial shows that fmri can be a valuable tool in acoustic overstimulation studies but has to be used with caution and considered complimentary to audiological measures further methodological improvements are needed to distinguish the effects of tts and neuronal habituation to repetitive stimulation | MEDAL |
although normal lungs may be represented satisfactorily by symmetrical architecture pathological conditions generally require accounting for asymmetrical branching of the bronchial tree since lung heterogeneity may be significant in respiratory diseases in the present study a recently proposed symmetrical dynamic morphometric model of the human lung based on weibels regular dichotomy was adapted to simulate different physiopathological scenarios of lung heterogeneity the asymmetrical architecture was mimicked by modeling different conductive airway compartments below the main bronchi each compartment being characterized by regular branching the respiratory zone and chest wall were described by a voigt body and a constant elastance respectively simulation results allowed us to investigate the influence of the main mechanisms involved in expiratory flow limitation and DH in MV copd patients in brief they showed that convective gas acceleration plays a key role in reproducing a negative relationship between driving pressure and expiratory flow moreover reduced EL due to emphysema resulted in a remarkable increase in dynamic hyperinflation although it did not significantly modify expiratory flow limitation finally the presence of a normal lung compartment masked pathological behaviors preventing standard techniques from revealing expiratory flow limitation in affected compartments | MEDAL |
to identify the specific components in the target membrane involved in fusion of VSV-G vsv we examined the interaction of the virus with human erythrocyte CM with asymmetric and symmetric bilayer distributions of phospholipids F0 was monitored spectrofluorometrically by the octadecylrhodamine dequenching CA F0 of vsv with lipidsymmetric EA ghosts was rapid at degrees c and low ph whereas little or no fusion was observed with lipidasymmetric ghosts conversion of phosphatidylserine in the lipidsymmetric ghost membrane to phosphatidylethanolamine by means of the enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase did not alter the target membranes susceptibility to vsv fusion spinlabeled phospholipid analogues with phosphatidylserine phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine headgroups incorporated into the outer leaflet of lipidasymmetric erythrocytes did not render those CM fusogenic electron spin resonance spectra showed an increased mobility of a phosphatidylcholine spinlabel incorporated into the outer leaflet of lipidsymmetric EA ghosts as compared to that of lipidasymmetric ghosts these results indicate that the susceptibility to vsv fusion is not dependent on any particular phospholipid but rather is related to packing characteristics of the target membrane | MEDAL |
BG donation DCD offers the possibility of increasing the pool of organs for transplantation by up to maastricht category type m dominates in most countries with active dcd programs during S9 to introduce a permanent program for uncontrolled donation after circulatory death in szczecin poland the donor pool has been estimated in poland maastricht category type m is considered a basic source for organ recovery material and methods this was a retrospective cohort T0 of outofhospital cardiac arrests ohca reported to local emergency medical services ems between december and november the following inclusion criteria were used in the analysis demographic age years known identity clinical no chest or abdominal injury no cachexia as an equivalent of wasting diseases and organizational weekdays from am to pm results during month period ems interventions were recorded in response to sudden cardiac arrest the stratification process mentioned above used criteria to establish potential eligible qualified and actual donor pools and respectively to establish a virtual actual number of udcd the nationwide average level of lack of authorization for donation was conclusions activation of a permanent program of organ recovery from udcd would increase the donor pool by cases compared to the number of braindead donors referred from regional hospitals this increase would be equivalent to the formation of a new reporting center the number of transplantable organs could increase by per year | MEDAL |
rural residence and maternal stress are risk AF for adverse maternalchild health outcomes across the globe but rural women have been largely overlooked in maternal stress research we recruited lowincome rural Pr women for qualitative interviews to explore their stress exposures during pregnancy reactions to stress and priorities for stress reduction we also used quantitative measures perceived stress scale center for epidemiologic studies of depression scalerevised PTS disorder checklistcivilian lifetime SE to violence scale to describe AS exposures and reactions we interviewed Pr rural women from a midwestern us state who were primarily young white partnered and unemployed womens predominant stressor was financial stress compounded by a lack of employment transportation and affordable housing options extended family interdependence s study we identified that mcm interacts with the receptor for G1 protein kinase c rack a protein kinase c pkc adaptor in vivo and in vitro the rack binding motif in mcm is located at the amino acid knocking down rack significantly reduced mcm chromatin association dna synthesis and cell cycle entry into s phase activation of pkc by otetradecanoylphorbolacetate dramatically decreased mcm dna replication licensing and induced cell growth arrest activation of pkc induced RD of rack from nucleus to cytoplasm and decreased rackchromatin association the mcm mutant that does not bind rack has no dna replication licensing or oncogenic transformation activity as a result this study demonstrates a novel signaling mechanism that critically controls dna synthesis and cell cycle progression | MEDAL |
the biological reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia is limited to a select group of nitrogenfixing prokaryotes while nitrogenase is the catalyst of nitrogen fixation in these biological systems a consortium of additional gene products is required for the synthesis activation and catalytic competency of this oxygensensitive metalloenzyme thus the biochemical complexity of this process often requires PET studies and isolation of gene products from the native nitrogenfixing organisms the strict aerobe azotobacter vinelandii is the beststudied MM bacterium among diazotrophs this chapter provides a description of procedures for targeted genomic manipulation and isolation of a vinelandii strains these methods have enabled ID and characterization of gene products with roles in nitrogen fixation and other related aspects of metabolism the ability to modify and control expression levels of targeted sequences provides a biotechnological tool to uncover molecular details associated with nitrogen fixation as well as to exploit this MM system as a host for expression of oxygensensitive proteins | MEDAL |
contrastenhanced magnetic resonance angiography mra is a noninvasive radiationfree imaging method for studying PAD pad of the lower extremities | MEDAL |
the apnoea accompanied by bradycardia and hypotension caused by i.t. of hydroxytryptamine ht into the vascularly isolated nodose ganglion is characterised by intense EA in the internal intercostal muscles no such activity was recorded when apnoea was provoked by electrical stimulation of the CE end of the superior laryngeal nerve the cardiac slowing induced by ht was less marked when the SLN nerve was concomitantly stimulated with an intensity sufficient to inhibit the internal IC activity when CE respiratory drive was depressed by hypocapnic ventilation nodose ganglioninduced bradycardia was comparable to that provoked during electrical stimulation of the SLN nerve in eupnoea unlike chemoreceptorinduced bradycardia the cardiac slowing caused by NG stimulation was not reduced by ramp inflatioy attempts at active or passive immunization they must be assumed to contain trypanosomes with expression of many different variant antigenic typessimilar courses of infections were seen in ratstrypanosomes transferred to new mice from mice that had been infected for a long time usually caused markedly shortened infections with a a continuously low parasitemia b an initially low parasitemia rising very soon to lethally high levels c a rapidly rising parasitemia lethal in the first wave or T3 one remission these trypanosomes are regarded as variant metabolic types that have lost the densitydependent inhibition of proliferation in blood andor tissue characteristic of the original type | MEDAL |
using highlevel quantum mechanical calculations and various models to account for solvation effects monomers and dimers of fluoromethyllithium and chloromethyllithium carbenoids are studied in the gas phase and in dimethyl ether solvent a combination of explicit microsolvation and a continuum reaction field is required to account fully for the structural and energetic effects of solvation one important effect of solvent is the stabilization of chargeseparated structures in which the lithiumhalogen distance is much greater than in the gasphase structures at the most complete level of theory the k standardstate free energy of dimerization of fluoromethyllithium in DME is predicted to be kcal mol while that for chloromethyllithium in the same solvent is predicted to be kcal mol this suggests that under typical experimental conditions dimers of chloroalkyllithiums will not be observed while dimers of fluoroalkyllithiums may contribute to the equilibrium population at a detectable level | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to compare the short and LT efficacy of deferoxamine dfo given by subcutaneous sc continuous infusion over hours via a pump n versus a twicedaily subcutaneous bolus i.t. of the same overall dose n in thalassemic children urinary iron excretion was measured in hour urine samples after dfo treatment in the patients the patients were randomized to two groups patients continued sc continuous infusion with a pump and the remaining received the same overall dose of dfo by twicedaily sc bolus injection for a year serum ferritin C2 and tweighted spinecho and tweighted fast spinecho signal intensities of liver and paraspinal muscle were determined at initiation and year T3 initiation of the therapy in patients six from each group CL biopsies were performed and hepatic iron concentration was determined at initiation of therapy and year T3 treatment a similar and significant decrease in FER levels and improvement in signal intensities of the liver were observed in response to chelation therapy with dfo in both groups p within each group HIC decreased in all patients in the sc bolus injection group p and in four patients in the sc continuous infusion group p hepatic iron concentration was noted to be slightly increased in two patients in the sc continuous infusion group which may be due to poor compliance based on these results twicedaily sc bolus injection of dfo is as ERP as administration via sc continuous infusion using a pump subcutaneous bolus injection being more convenient for the patient may be a more preferable method of dfo administration | MEDAL |
assistive technology has the potential to enhance the level of independence of people with dementia thereby increasing the possibility of supporting homebased care in general people with PSD are reluctant to change therefore it is important that suitable assistive technologies are selected for them consequently the development of predictive models that are able to determine a persons potential to adopt a particular technology is desirable in this paper a predictive adoption MM for a mobile phonebased video streaming system developed for people with dementia is presented taking into consideration characteristics related to a persons ability living arrangements and preferences this paper discusses the development of predictive models which were based on a number of carefully selected data mining algorithms for classification for each the learning on different relevant features for technology adoption has been tested in conjunction with handling the imbalance of available data for output classes given our focus on providing predictive tools that could be used and interpreted by healthcare professionals models with easeofuse intuitive understanding and clear decision making processes are preferred predictive models have therefore been evaluated on a multicriterion basis in terms of their prediction performance robustness bias with regard to two types of PE and usability overall the model derived from incorporating a knearestneighbour algorithm using seven features was found to be the optimal classifier of assistive technology adoption for people with dementia prediction accuracy ± | MEDAL |
traumatic BB injury tbi activates several protein kinase signaling pathways in the hippocampus that are critical for hippocampaldependent SM formation in particular extracellular signalregulated kinase erk a protein kinase activated during and necessary for hippocampaldependent learning is transiently G1 after tbi however tbi patients experience hippocampaldependent cognitive deficits that occur for several months to years T3 the initial injury although basal activation levels of erk return to sham C2 within hours T3 tbi we hypothesized that activation of erk may be impaired T3 tbi adult male SDRs received either sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluidpercussion brain injury at or weeks after surgery the ipsilateral hippocampi of sham surgery and tbi animals were sectioned into transverse slices T3 h of recovery in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid the HPC slices were stimulated with glutamate or kcl depolarization then analyzed by western blotting for phosphorylated activated erk and one of its downstream effectors the transcription factor camp response elementbinding protein creb we found that activation of erk p and creb p after s of glu stimulation or kcl depolarization was decreased in HPC slices from animals at or weeks after tbi as compared to sham animals basal C2 of phosphorylated or total erk were not significantly altered at or weeks after tbi although basal C2 of phosphorylated creb were decreased weeks posttrauma these results suggest that tbi results in chronic signaling deficits through the erkcreb pathway in the hippocampus | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 is to evaluate the VE gain obtained by using metered dose inhaler mdi plus spacer versus mdi alone in asthmatic patients men and women aged to years old initial spirometry showed air flow obstruction a reversibility test was performed with beta agonists first with mdi and then later with mdi plus spacer in cases the improvement of fevi referring to its initial value was significantly better with spacer this improvement was equal or superior to in patients with spacer versus only patients with mdi the improvement of fevi was always better with spacer which ever the ways of expressing the bronchodilating response referring to initial predicted or absolute value in conclusion since the treatment of asthma is now based on local administration of medications it is recommended to use spacers not only for children and patients who have coordination problems but more widely specially in severe asthma | MEDAL |
neuroblastoma nbl one of the most common childhood solid PT has a distinct nature in different prognostic subgroups nbl in patients under year of age usually regresses spontaneously whereas that in patients over year of age often grows aggressively and eventually kills the patient to understand the molecular mechanism of biology and tumorigenesis of nbl we decided to perform a comprehensive RPA to unveil the mRNA profiles among the nbl subsets we constructed the subsetspecific oligocapping cdna libraries from the primary nbl tissues with favorable f stage high expression of trka and a single copy of mycn and unfavorable uf stage or decreased expression of trka and mycn amplification characteristics and randomly cloned cdnas among cdnas sequenced successfully were the genes with unknown CF excluding the housekeeping genes an expression profile of each subset was extremely different to determine the genes expressed differentially between f and uf subsets we performed semiquantitative reverse transcriptase rtpcr for each of the independent genes using rna obtained from f and uf nbls as template this revealed that genes were highly expressed in the f subset as compared to the uf one while surprisingly only genes were expressed at higher C2 in the uf rather than the f subset these differentially expressed genes included genes with unknown function many of the genes expressed at high C2 in the f subset were related to catecholamine biosynthesis small gtpases synapse formation synaptic vesicle transport and transcription AF regulating differentiation of the neural crestderived cells on the other hand the genes expressed at high C2 in the uf subset included transcription AF andor receptors that might regulate neuronal growth and differentiation the chromosomal mapping of those genes showed some clusters thus our massidentification and characterization of the differentially expressed genes between the subsets may become a powerful tool for finding the important genes of nbl as well as developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against aggressive nbl | MEDAL |
in xlinked hypophosphatemic xlh rickets DE xray absorptiometry dxa measurements must be analyzed with caution highresolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography hrpqct analysis suggested that xlh primarily affects the cancellous compartment with the tibia more affected than the radius effective treatment of xlh appears to positively affect bone mineralization mainly in the bone cortex | MEDAL |
phospholipase d pld which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline plays key roles in cellular signal transduction by mediating extracellular stimuli including hormones growth AF neurotransmitters cytokines and extracellular matrix molecules the molecular mechanisms by which domains regulate the activity of pldespecially the phox homology px domainhave not been fully elucidated in this study we have examined the properties of the px domains of pld and pld in terms of phosphoinositide binding and pld activity regulation interestingly the px domain of pld but not that of pld was found to specifically interact with phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate ptdinsp we found that mutation of the conserved arginine at position of the pld px domain to lysine or to alanine ra or rk respectively disrupts ptdinsp IB in niht cells the egfppld px wildtype domain but not the two mutants localized to the plasma membrane T3 minute treatment with plateletderived growth factor pdgf the enzymatic activity of pld was stimulated by adding ptdinsp in vitro treatment with pdgf resulted in the significant increase of pld activity and phosphorylation of the downstream ERK kinases erks which was blocked by i.c.v. of hek cells with phosphoinositide kinase pik inhibitor after the endogenous pld had been depleted by sirna TPS for pld nevertheless both pld mutants which cannot interact with ptdinsp did not respond to treatment with pdgf moreover pld was activated in hepg cells stably expressing the y mutant of pdgf receptor that is required for the binding with pik our results suggest that the pld px domain enables pld to mediate signal transduction via erk by providing a direct IB site for ptdinsp and by activating pld | MEDAL |
we studied neuromuscular blocking effects of isoflurane using a NMT monitor in three myasthenia gravis patients severity of MG was different among three patients t decreased by in a mild case i type by in a moderate case iia type and by in severe case iii type during isoflurane anesthesia also tof ratio decreased by in a mild case by in a moderate case and in a severe case during isoflurane anesthesia we conclude that in patients with more severe myasthenia gravis NM blocking effect of ISO is more potentiated | MEDAL |
the auditory cortex modulates auditory afferents through the olivocochlear system which innervates the outer hair cells and the afferent neurons under the inner hair cells in the cochlea most of the studies that investigated the efferent activity in humans focused on evaluating the suppression of the otoacoustic emissions by stimulating the contralateral ear with noise which assesses the activation of the MOC bundle the neurophysiology and the mechanisms involving efferent activity on higher regions of the AEP pathway however are still unknown also the lack of studies investigating the effects of noise on human auditory cortex especially in peadiatric population points to the need for recording the late auditory potentials in noise conditions assessing the auditory efferents in schoolaged children is highly important due to some of its attributed functions such as selective attention and signal PCD in noise which are important abilities related to the OD of language and academic skills for this reason the aim of the present T0 was to evaluate the effects of noise on p responses of children with normal hearing | MEDAL |
an association between mediastinal germ SCT mgct and hematological HM eg acute one malignant histiocytosis has been recognized since a rare case of mediastinal mature teratoma with AS a hematopoietic region and granulocytic sarcoma is reported in a yearold male the resected tumor was x cm weighed g and showed extensive necrosis forming a cyst the histological features of the RT showed a mature teratoma which contained a large gland lined by ciliated epithelium hyalinous cartilage a paraganglionlike structure welldifferentiated AS with atypical hematopoiesis composed of cdpositive cells and malignant round cells the malignant round cells did not stain for cd but were positive for leukocyte common antigen lca and ckit product from these findings the round cells were diagnosed as granulocytic sarcoma the patient died of metastasis of the granulocytic sarcoma in the tonsils and C2 CL NO months after surgery a leukemic condition was not present throughout the clinical course the association between mgct and hematological malignancy is a distinctive syndrome however its pathogenesis is still obscure and the origin of the hematopoietic malignancy has not been fully elucidated in this particular case it is suggested that the granulocytic sarcoma might have arisen from the abnormal hematopoietic area in the mediastinal teratoma | MEDAL |
mutagenicity associated with replicate organic extracts from standard REF materials urban dustorganics CAPs and diesel particulate matter diesel particles was determined using a salmonella microsuspension assay the results indicate that the mutagenicity of samples such as these can readily be determined using the microsuspension assay with only of the mass required for the standard SP incorporation CA in general of the variation in mutagenic activity was due to the bioassay procedure and to the SE process extracts from both samples had primarily directacting mutagenicity as there were no significant differences in responses with and without metabolic activation s the tas mean air particles mutagenic activities cv based on mass of extractable organics or particles were and revertantsmicrograms respectively and for the diesel particles were and revertantsmicrogram respectively more of the observed directacting mutagenicity in the diesel particles extracts was due to nitrosubstituted EDC because there were significant reductions in activity with tanr of ta s and tadnp of ta s in the CAPs extracts the tanr activities were not significantly different from ta s but the tadnp C2 were | MEDAL |
working memory performance is significantly influenced by genetic factors here we assessed genetic contributions to both working SM performance and neuroimaging measures focused on the network of BB regions associated with working memory by using a sample of human participants from D2 families imaging measures included DTI indices in major VWM tracts thought to be associated with working memory and structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of frontal and parietal GM density analyses directly addressed whether working memory performance and neural structural integrity are influenced by common genetic factors eg pleiotropy while all cognitive measures GM regions and white matter tracts assessed were heritable only performance on a spatial delayed response task and integrity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus a primary frontoparietal connection shared genetic AF as working memory may be a core component of other higher level processes such as GA IQ this finding has implications for the heritability of complex cognitive functions as well as for our understanding of the transmission of cognitive deficits in mental and neurological disorders | MEDAL |
we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids and estrogen on the gene expression of growth hormone gh and the receptor for growthhormonereleasing hormone ghrh by measuring the mrna C2 of gh and ghrh receptor in pituitary tissues of SDRs using northern blot hybridization and specific cdna probes male rats weeks of age were either adrenalectomized or shamoperated or treated with varying doses of dexamethasone or microgramskgday ip for days female rats weeks of age were oophorectomized or shamoperated and treated with betaestradiol benzoate microgramskgday or vehicle sc for days starting days after oophorectomy ADX was associated with a reduction in weight gain and decreased ghrh receptor mrna levels p and p versus shamoperated respectively dexamethasone treatment however was associated with a dosedependent reduction in WG p but dosedependent increases in ghrh receptor mrna and gh mrna C2 p and p respectively in the female rats weight gain was increased by oophorectomy p vs shamoperated and decreased bytrode generated in response to voltage steps negative to mv from mv holding potential transient inward currents dependent on extracellular na and blocked by tetrodotoxin ttx ON steps from the same holding potential induced conventional fast na currents followed by a transient outward cationic current icat voltageactivated na currents induced by negative or positive steps and icat were blocked by ouabain or kfree solution with comparable timecourse it is suggested that transient inward and outward currents of frog tectal neurones were at least partly dependent on the rapid operation of a membrane cation transporter | MEDAL |
older adults hospitalized for nondisabling diagnoses can lose PET ability lack of exercise or PCS activity during the acute illness and recovery may be contributory this T0 evaluated whether increased exercise in hospital and afterward would shorten length of stay and improve physical function at month | MEDAL |
omega longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids n lcpufa are almost unanimously recognized for their health benefits while only limited evidence of any health benefit is currently available specifically for the main precursor of these fatty acids namely αlinolenic acid ala n however both the n lcpufa and the shortchain cââ pufa ie ala are commonly referred to as omega fatty acids and it is difficult for consumers to recognize this difference a current gap of many food labelling legislations worldwide allow products containing only ala and without n lcpufa to be marketed as omega source and this misleading information can negatively impact the ability of consumers to choose more healthy diets within the context of the documented nutritional and health promoting roles of omega fatty acids we briefly review the different metabolic fates of dietary alf agostic atom agostic bond and agostic interaction are defined and discussed notably by advocating baders analysis of the electron density the nature and the local properties of the bond critical points are then investigated and the relationships with the main geometric parameters of the complexes are particularly examined moreover new local descriptors based on kinetic SE densities are developed in order to provide new tools for bond characterization | MEDAL |
the authors report the postoperative magnetic resonance mr imaging findings in patients with advanced FPD who underwent unilateral microelectrodeguided posteroventral pallidotomy the lesions were placed within mm of the ventral border of the GPi gpi to include pallidothalamic outflow pathways sequential mr studies were obtained within to days postoperatively and at month followup examination thirtyfour of the patients enjoyed sustained moderate or marked improvement of their parkinsonian symptoms months postoperatively transient side effects occurred in five patients but there were no persistent complications the pallidal RF lesions were prolate spheroid shaped and were composed of three con zones in the early postoperative studies the mean volume of the middle zone corresponding to the area of hemorrhagic coagulation necrosis was mm the mean lesion volume as defined by the outer zone corresponding to perilesional edema was mm additional edema spreading to the IC was noted in of cases and to the OT in of cases in two patients small ICM infarctions involving the corona radiata were found and in one a A-V infarction was detected ICM infarction resulted in mild transient brocas aphasia in one patient but there was no detectable neurological deficit in the other two the mean volume of latephase months lesions was mm in three patients no lesion was identified despite sustained clinical improvement the lesion was located in the posteroventral gpi in all cases except in one patient in whom it was confined to the gp externus gpe this yearold woman did not experience sustained benefit the authors found no consistent correlations between lesion size and location and clinical outcome as measured by a global outcome score the unified FPD rating scale motor MICs of daily living and bradykinesia off scores or rating of dyskinesias lesioning of pallidal and subpallidal pathways may contribute to the sustained clinical benefit in this series magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed that intraoperative microelectrode recording facilitated accurate placement of the lesion in this critical area | MEDAL |
the present T0 investigates DA sensitivity in FPD pd through the measurement of neuroendocrine growth hormone gh prolactin prl and cardiovascular blood pressure bp HR rate hr responses to low doses of AP microgramskg sc in three CG of subjects normal volunteers controls de novo nevertreated pd patients and levodopatreated pd patients AP did not NC bp and hr but significantly decreased prl plasma levels in controls as well as in the two CG of pd patients gh plasma levels significantly increased after AP there was no significant difference in the changes in NE gh prl parameters in the two CG of pd patients in comparison with controls however de novo patients exhibited a significantly higher number of apomorphineinduced orthostatic PS of than did controls of or treated pd patients of these results show that hypothalamic dopaminergic sensitivity studied through gh and prl responses to apomorphine is normal in pd in contrast because apomorphineinduced orthostatic hypotension is mainly due to the stimulation of peripheral dopaminergic receptors our T0 suggests a IP DA hypersensitivity in some de novo never treated but not in treated pd patients | MEDAL |
we have compared the doseresponse relationship n and time course of NMB n of cisatracurium at the laryngeal adductor and the adductor pollicis muscles ed values for cisatracurium were confidence interval micrograms kg at the larynx and micrograms kg at the AP muscle p T3 administration of cisatracurium mg kg ON time was min at the larynx and min at the adductor pollicis p time to recovery of the T1 of the tof was min and min respectively p we found that the laryngeal adductors were more resistant to the action of cisatracurium than the adductor pollicis muscle but onset and REC were faster at the larynx | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of stenting in upper airway reconstructions for benign laryngotracheal stenosis lts with a newly designed prosthesis the ltmold⢠the ltmold and its proper use during OS and endoscopy are described and the experience gathered from a prospectively collected database on patients treated for complex lts or severe aspiration is reported this series is compared to the results of other stenting methods all patients were available for evaluation in all but one case the prosthesis was removed at the end of the study the new prosthesis did not induce any stentrelated trauma to the supraglottis glottis and subglottis before adding a distal roundshaped silicone cap to the ltmold GT was usually seen at the stentmucosal interface at the tracheostoma level in cases there has been a spontaneous extrusion of the prosthesis through the mouth this problem was solved by fixing the prosthesis through the reinforced portion of the prosthesis at the cap level and by adding one fixation stitch in the supraglottis we have to document the loss of the silicone cap in three cases this problem was resolved by designing a new prototype with an integrated cap glued with a slow hardening silicone glue fiftyfour of patients were decannulated after a mean duration of stenting of months range months the mean followup after decannulation was months range month to years the experience gathered with the ltmold shows that LT stenting for complex lts is safely achieved when the prosthesis is used with its distal integrated silicone cap the softness and smoothness of the prosthesis with a roundshaped configuration of both extremities help avoid ulceration and GT formation in the reconstructed airway adequate fixation is mandatory to avoid extrusion | MEDAL |
this investigation examined the predictive validity of routinization preference measures as well as the association of routinization to state affect in daily life the authors collected naturalistic repeated observations from elderly participants living in private residences or retirement homes preferences for routinization were significantly associated with the repetition of both behaviors and environmental contexts routines were associated with decreases in PA in withinperson analyses but had no association to anxious or depressed mood states the findings are discussed in terms of the complexity of the routinization concept and its relevance for understanding emotional wellbeing in elderly people | MEDAL |
CAS is a known complication of coronary interventions for which intracoronary nitroglycerin icn is the treatment of choice some forms of intense spasm are resistant to icn calcium channel antagonists are also known to be ERP for CAS including nitroglycerinresistant spasm here we describe a protocol for the clinical use of intracoronary diltiazem icd by this protocol icd can be safely given without disturbing the clinical status of patients icd mg given slowly over minute produced no vasodilitation of normal vessel segments but did produce significant dilatation of stenotic segments above and beyond the effects of nitrates mean minimum lumen diameter increased from mm to mm mean sem p icd produced clinically insignificant changes in systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure heart rate and pr qrs and qt intervals this protocol has been employed to safely use icd to relieve both nitroglycerinresistant Epi artery spasm and nitroglycerinresistant distal microvascular spasm the noreflow phenomenon | MEDAL |
we studied changes in the morphology of morula cells a common haemocyte type in botryllid ascidians during both the AAR reaction occurring between contacting genetically incompatible colonies and F0 occurring between compatible colonies and in ST cultures of haemocytes incubated with heterologous or AB plasma in both the rejection reaction and haemocyte cultures in the presence of rat BP we observed alterations in morula cells consistent with a degranulation event and their expression of molecules recognised by antiilalpha and antitnfalphaantibodies anticytokineantibodies markedly reduced the extent of the in vitro cytotoxicity when haemocytes were exposed to rat blood plasma in addition the increase in the production of nitrite ions and the decrease of the in vitro cytotoxicity by the L-NAME nomeganitrolarginine methyl ester suggest the role of nitric oxide in cell death these results provide new clues to understand the process of AAR reaction in botryllid ascidians | MEDAL |
deoxyribonuclease dnase is involved in chromatin Kd of AI cells its deficiency results in accumulation of selfdna which in turn may induce inflammation and autoimmunity we assessed for the first time serum dnaseactivity in a large consecutive cohort of treatmentnaïve patients with autoimmune CL diseases ald dnaseactivity was determined by single radial enzymediffusion sred at diagnosis of patients with autoimmune SH aih with primary biliary cirrhosis pbc and with PSC psc sera from patients with chronic hepatitis b or c with nonalcoholic fatty CL diseasenonalcoholic steatohepatitis nafldnash and HI served as disease and healthy controls available SS samples during remission from aih and pbc patients were also investigated by paired analyzes dnaseactivity was significantly lower in aih pbc and psc compared to viral hepatitis p p p nafldnash p and healthy p no significant difference was found in between each TPS ald in aih dnaseactivity was positively correlated with AST aminotransferase ast p bilirubin p and increased igg mgdl p in pbc with ast p alanine aminotransferase alt p and antimitochondrial antibodies ama p in psc dnaseactivity was inversely associated with alkaline phosphatase alp p in aih complete responders were characterized by increased baseline dnaseactivity compared to PR relapsers and nonresponders p whereas it was significantly increased after achievement of remission p SS dnaseactivity is significantly decreased in ald patients indicating its potential implication in their pathogenesis furthermore dnaseactivity could be used as a new surrogate biomarker for predicting response to aih treatment | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to compare the tau of IS therapy CT with that of ACT involving immunosuppressants and anticoagulation for the treatment of venous thrombosis in BD bd a retrospective analysis was made of patients with VT in bd bd patients with VT were divided into three CG one group n received immunosuppressive therapy CT another group n received immunosuppressant and AC ACT and the third group n received anticoagulation therapy only clinical and laboratory parameters and the recurrence of venous thrombosis were assessed A-V thrombosis in bd appeared to have a more diffuse pattern than idiopathic type and a predilection for lower limbs the most commonly involved CS were the superficial and common femoral veins recurrence of VT occurred in two cases in the immunosuppressant group one case in the combination therapy group and three cases in the anticoagulant group no significant difference was found between recurrence in the immunosuppressant and combination therapy CG acute phase reactants were elevated in all six patients at the time of venous thrombosis recurrence our study suggests that IS therapy is essential and that anticoagulation therapy might not be required for the treatment of deep VT associated with bd | MEDAL |
there have been no studies of the nature of defibrillatory shocks or risks to persons providing them other than one individual case report and a number of incidental accounts in this study the severity and nature of injuries to prehospital emergency personnel in king county washington are reported in addition the types of injuries occurring to defibrillator operators throughout the united states as voluntarily reported to the food and drug administration fda are described in king county prehospital emergency personnel reported eight accidental shocks one individual was admitted to the hospital for days and required lidocaine for premature ventricular contractions most injuries were the result of accidental contact with the patient rather than equipment failure but the most serious case was caused by equipment failure there were injuries reported to the fda over a year period and most injuries involved a mild shock or burn three patients were admitted to the hospital for observation two cases involved equipment failure the rate of injury for paramedics was per defibrillatory shocks and the rate of injury for emergency medical techniciandefibrillator personnel was per defibrillatory shocks these rates probably overestimate the real risk emphasis on safety and incorporation of safety procedures into resuscitation protocols can make the rate of injury even lower | MEDAL |
the specificity of scf ubiquitin ligasemediated protein Kd is determined by fbox proteins we identified a biplanar dicarboxylic acid compound called scfi as an inhibitor of substrate recognition by the yeast fbox protein cdc using a fluorescence polarization screen to monitor the displacement of a fluoresceinlabeled phosphodegron peptide scfi inhibits the binding and ubiquitination of FL phosphorylated substrates by scfcdc a cocrystal structure reveals that scfi inserts itself between the betastrands of blades and of the wd propeller domain of cdc at a site that is a away from the ATP binding site longrange transmission of scfi interactions distorts the substrate IB pocket and impedes recognition of key determinants in the cdc phosphodegron mutation of the scfi binding site abrogates its GABA effect and explains specificity in the allosteric inhibition mechanism rat wd domain proteins may exhibit similar allosteric responsiveness and highresolution melting analysis hrma is a highly sensitive robust rapid and costeffective mutation analysis technique we developed a novel methodology for the detection of hotspot mutations in exons and of the pikca gene that is based on a combination of pcr and hrma the pikca hrma assay was evaluated by performing repeatability sensitivity and comparison with dna sequencing studies and was further validated in formalinfixed paraffinembedded breast tissue samples tumors noncancerous and fibroadenomas the developed methodology was further applied in a selected group of breast cancer patients who underwent trastuzumab treatment in sensitivity studies the assay presented a capability to detect as low as of mutated dsdna in the presence of wtdna for both exons in the RT samples validation group exon mutations and exon mutations were found no mutations were found in noncancerous tissues in fibroadenomas we report one pikca mutation for the first time in the selected group samples were detected as mutants the pikca hrma assay is highly sensitive reliable costeffective and easytoperform and therefore can be used as a screening test in a highthroughput pharmacodiagnostic setting | MEDAL |
our research team and laboratories have concentrated on two inherited endocrine disorders congenital adrenal hyperplasia cah and AME in thier investigations of the pathophysiology of adrenal steroid hormone disorders in children cah refers to a family of inherited disorders in which defects occur in one of the enzymatic steps required to synthesize cortisol from cholesterol in the adrenal gland because of the impaired cortisol secretion ACTH levels rise due to impairment of a negative feedback system which results in PH of the adrenal SC the majority of cases is due to hydroxylase deficiency ohd owing to the blocked enzymatic step cortisol precursors accumulate in excess and are converted to potent androgens which are secreted and cause in utero virilization of the affected female fetus genitalia in the CP form of cah a mild form of the ohd termed nonclassical ohd is the most common AR disorder in humans and occurs in ashkenazic jews mutations in the cyp gene have been identified that cause both CP and nonclassical cah apparent mineralocorticoid excess is a potentially fatal genetic disorder causing severe juvenile hypertension pre and PN growth failure and low to undetectable levels of potassium renin and aldosterone it is caused by AR mutations in the hsdb gene which result in a deficiency of betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type in we reported a mild form of this disease which may represent an important cause of lowrenin hypertension | MEDAL |
acute quadriplegic myopathy aqm is a common debilitating acquired disorder in critically ill intensive care unit icu patients that is characterized by tetraplegiageneralized weakness of limb and trunk muscles masticatory muscles on the other hand are typically spared or less affected yet the mechanisms underlying this striking musclespecific difference remain unknown this study aims to evaluate physiological parameters and the mRNA profiles of masticatory and limb muscles exposed to factors suggested to trigger aqm such as mechanical ventilation immobilization NMB agents CSs cs and sepsis for days by using a unique porcine MM mimicking the icu conditions single muscle fiber crosssectional area and forcegenerating capacity ie maximum force normalized to fiber crosssectional area TPS force revealed maintained masseter single muscle fiber crosssectional area and specificforce T3 days SE to all triggering factors this is in sharp contrast to observations in limb and trunk muscles showing a dramatic decline in TPS force in response to days exposure to the triggering factors significant differences in gene expression were observed between craniofacial and limb muscles indicating a highly complex and musclespecific response involving transcription and growth factors heat shock proteins matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor oxidative stress HRE and sarcomeric proteins underlying the relative sparing of cranial vs spinal nerve innervated muscles during exposure to the icu intervention | MEDAL |
we evaluated the usefulness of PCD systems and diagnostic CDSS for bioterrorism response we performed a systematic review by searching relevant databases eg medline and web sites for reports of PCD systems and diagnostic decision support systems that could be used during bioterrorism responses we reviewed over citations and identified detection systems and diagnostic decision support systems only systems have been evaluated reported both sensitivity and specificity were compared to a REF standard and were evaluated for their timeliness most evaluations of PCD systems and some evaluations of diagnostic systems for bioterrorism responses are critically deficient because falsepositive and falsenegative rates are unknown for most systems decision making on the basis of these systems is seriously compromised we describe a FR for the design of future evaluations of such systems | MEDAL |
human enteroviruses are one of the main etiological agents of AM and other central NS infections particularly the serotypes included in the enterovirus b species molecular methods have proved useful to identify serotypes in clinical samples facilitating the epidemiological T0 of these viruses in the spring of there was a significant increase in meningitis cases caused by enteroviruses in spain in the present T0 enteroviruses directly detected in clinical samples of patients with AM n and other neurological pathologies n received by the national center for microbiology during the year were genotyped by amplification and sequencing part of the vp region and phylogenetic analysis echovirus was the most frequent serotype followed in decreasing order by echovirus enterovirus coxsackievirus a echovirus and coxsackievirus b and b phylogenetic analysis with all spanish echovirus strains detected in and other reported echovirus sequences demonstrated that spanish strains formed a new lineage different from others previously described in conclusion echovirus is the most commonly reported enterovirus serotype associated with aseptic meningitis in spain direct molecular typing of clinical samples also allows rapid ID of the serotypes involved in an epidemic alert and phylogenetic analysis in the vp region is useful to study viral epidemiology | MEDAL |
in this study the ability of the lipid transporter abca and apolipoprotein ciii apociii to promote the de novo biogenesis of apociiicontaining hdl in vivo and the role of this hdl in apociiiinduced HTG were investigated using adenovirusmediated gene transfer in apoe x apoai mice or abca mice injection of apoe x apoai mice with x pfu of an adenovirus expressing the wildtype human apociii adgfpciii g generated hdllike particles and triggered only a modest increase in plasma cholesterol and TG of these mice days postinfection plasma human apociii was distributed among hdl vldlidl and ldl in these mice in contrast abca mice treated similarly failed to form hdl particles and developed severe hypertriglyceridemia which could be alleviated by coinfection with an adenovirus expressing human lpl while their plasma cholesterol levels remained unchanged days postinfection with adgfpciii g human apociii in these mice accumulated exclusively on vldl control experiments confirmed that the differences between apoe x apoai and abca mice expressing human apociii were not due to differences in apociii expression overall these data show that abca and human apociii promote the formation of apociiicontaining hdllike particles that are distinct from CP apoe or apoaicontaining hdl formation of apociiicontaining hdl prevents excess accumulation of plasma apociii on vldl and allows for the efficient lipolysis of vldl triglycerides by lpl furthermore the data establish that abca and apociiicontaining hdl play key roles in the prevention of apociiiinduced hypertriglyceridemia in mice | MEDAL |
physical motor exercise aided by an electroencephalogram eegbased braincomputer interface bci is known to improve motor REC in patients with stroke in such a bci paradigm eventrelated desynchronization erd in the alpha and beta bands extracted from eeg recorded over the primary sensorimotor area sm is often used since erd has been suggested to be associated with an increase of corticospinal excitability recently we demonstrated a novel online lockin amplifier lia algorithm to estimate the amplitude modulation of motorrelated sm erd with this algorithm the delay time accuracy and stability to estimate motorrelated sm erd were significantly improved compared with the conventional fast 3DFT fft algorithm these technical improvements to extract an erd trace imply a potential advantage for a better trace of the excitatory status of the sm in a bci context therefore the aim of this study was to assess the precision of liabased erd tracking for estimation of CS excitability using a transcranial MS tms paradigm | MEDAL |
inhalation of crystalline silica nanoparticles causes pulmonary damage resulting in progressive lung fibrosis currently there is no effective treatment for silicosis tamoxifen citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator which is one of the adjuvant treatment choices for breast CA it is also known with its GABA effect on the production of transforming growth factorbeta tgfβ and studied for the antifibrotic effect in some fibrotic diseases the aim of the study was to determine the effect of tamoxifen citrate on the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and the treatment of silicosis | MEDAL |
two protein antigens were isolated from excretorysecretory products of trichinella spiralis by PSA methods and characterized with respect to their chemical and immunological properties one antigen of apparent mr is an abundant secreted protein of infective l larvae while the other of kda is present in smaller amounts yields extinction coefficients isoelectric points amino acid compositions and partial NT amino acid sequences for each are reported partial amino acid sequences of peptides derived from the kda protein by cyanogen bromide cleavage have been determined treating a reducedpyridylethylated derivative of the kda protein with glycopeptidase f nglycanase resulted in formation of a transient product of kda followed by a stable polypeptide of kda by sdspage suggesting the presence of two nlinked carbohydrate groups a similar result was obtained with the kda protein which gave a transient doublet of and kda and a final stable product of kda with a minor component of kda two glycosylation CS of the kda protein and one site of the kda protein can be identified in the amino acid sequences polyclonal antibodies prepared against the two proteins crossreacted extensively but failed to react with the doubly deglycosylated polypeptides in western blots the dominant epitopes present in the reducedpyridylethylated polypeptides are therefore nlinked carbohydrate although the presence of peptide epitopes in the native proteins cannot be excluded | MEDAL |
cardiac transverse ttubules provide a specialized structure for synchronization and stabilization of sarcoplasmic reticulum ca release in healthy cardiomyocytes the application of laser scanning confocal microscopy and the use of fluorescent lipophilic membrane dyes have boosted the discoveries that ttubule remodeling is a significant factor contributing to cardiac contractile dysfunction however the analysis and quantification of the CR of ttubules have been a challenge and remain inconsistent among different research laboratories fast fourier transformation fft is the major analysis method applied to calculate the spatial frequency spectrum which is used to represent the regularity of ttubule systems however this RPA is flawed because the density of ttubules as well as nonttubule signals in the images influence the spectrum power generated by fft preprocessing of images and topological architecture extracting is necessary to remove nonttubule noise from the analysis in addition manual analysis of images is time consuming and prone to PE and investigator bias therefore we developed autott an automated analysis program that incorporates image processing morphological feature SE and fft analysis of spectrum power the underlying algorithm is implemented in matlab the mathworks natick ma the program outputs the densities of transversely oriented ttubules and longitudinally oriented ttubules SP spectrum of the overall ttubule systems and averaged spacing of ttubules we also combined the density and regularity of ttubules to give an index of ttubule integrity ttint which provides a global evaluation of ttubule alterations in summary autott provides a reliable easy to use and fast approach for analyzing myocyte ttubules this program can also be applied to measure the density and integrity of other cellular structures | MEDAL |
we evaluated the morbidity and mortality of children requiring postcardiotomy ECMO ecmo to determine independent factors affecting early and intermediate outcomes between january and december instances of ecmo after cardiac surgery in children were retrospectively reviewed followup was completed in december predictive risk analyses were employed concerning weaning of ecmo hospital discharge and mortality after discharge age and weight were ± months and ± kg respectively median support time was ± days sixtyseven were successfully weaned off ecmo and survived to hospital discharge multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the first day to obtain negative fluid balance T3 initiation of support adjusted odds ratio high SS lactate C2 and high total bilirubin during support as significant independent AF associated with successful separation from ecmo the D1 of negative fluid balance after successful decannulation was an independent risk factor for survival to hospital discharge T3 hospital discharge actuarial year year and year survival rates were and respectively low weight increased the risk of death T3 hospital discharge by a multivariate cox hazard model high SS lactate high SS bilirubin and unable to obtain early negative fluid balance during support impacted mortality of decannulation obtaining a late negative fluid balance in postecmo were independent risk factors for death after successful weaning low weight affected intermediate outcomes | MEDAL |
the reninangiotensin system plays a crucial role in erectile function it has been shown that elevated levels of angiotensin ii contribute to the OD of erectile dysfunction both in humans and in aminals on the contrary the heptapeptide angiotensin appears to mediate penile erection by activation of the mas receptor recently we have shown that the erectile function of mas genedeleted mice was substantially reduced which was associated with a marked increase in fibrous tissue in the CC we have hypothesized that the synthetic nonpeptide mas agonist ave would potentiate penile erectile CF we showed that ICI of ave potentiated the erectile response of anaesthetized WR measured as the ratio between corpus cavernosum pressure and mean arterial pressure upon electrical stimulation of the major pelvic ganglion the facilitatory effect of ave on erectile CF was dose dependent and CR blunted by the NOS inhibitor lname importantly concomitant intracavernosal infusion of the specific mas receptor blocker a abolished the effect of ave we demonstrated that ave potentiates the penile erectile response through mas in an nodependent manner importantly these results suggest that mas agonists such as ave might have significant therapeutic benefits for the treatment of ED | MEDAL |
the aim of this research was to identify the molecular bases of differences in sensitivity to corticosteroid hormones between brown norway and fischer rats we previously showed an apparent insensitivity to ADX in brown norway rats based on our first hypothesis of a different activityreactivity of the MRs signaling pathway between the two rat strains we sequenced brown norway and fischer MCR cdna and identified a tyrosine to cysteine substitution yc in the NT part of the brown norway MCR as a first step this substitution gave us a means to distinguish the brown norway S2 from the fischer at the MCR locus in an f population we showed a strong genetic linkage between the mineralocorticoid receptor genotype and sensitivity to adrenalectomy a subsequent genomewide NPL confirmed the involvement of the MRs receptor locus and implicated other loci including one on chromosome which collectively explain a large part of the strain differences in corticosteroid receptor responses in vitro studies further revealed that the yc substitution induces greater transactivation of the MCR by aldosterone and surprisingly by progesterone as well which could substitute for aldosterone T3 adrenalectomy in brown norway rats we challenged this hypothesis in vivo and showed that plasma progesterone is higher in brown norway male rats and partially compensates for aldosterone after ADX this work illustrates the interest of a pluristrategic RPA to explore the mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway and its implication in the regulation of hydroelectrolytic homeostasis and blood pressure | MEDAL |
to test the hypothesis that ET would attenuate the carotid sinus baroreflex in rats studies were undertaken with NT nt and TR t male SDRs that were exercised for wk maximal o consumption was significantly increased T3 training the left carotid sinus region was functionally isolated in anesthetized animals subsequently static CSP was raised in torr increments from torr until a maximal response in systemic arterial pressure and regional blood flows was recorded compared with the nt group baroreflex control of blood pressure and calculated regional resistance of the t animals was leshe particular aspartic acid residue that would be affected by the mutation observed in mi is conserved in a diversity of species as either aspartic acid or glu suggesting that an acidic residue at this position is important for the correct CF of the subunit protein for these reasons we consider it likely that the observed missense mutation is responsible for the mi phenotype | MEDAL |
a novel glassy carbon electrode modified by a gel containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwnts and ionic liquid of butylmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate bmipf is reported the gel is formed by grinding of mwnts and bmipf such gel is then coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode we have employed scanning electron microscopy fourier transform infrared spectrometry ftir and cyclic voltammetry to characterize the modified electrode the direct electron transfers of hemoglobin and catalase on the modified electrode have been observed and studied in detail electrochemically hemoglobin is verified to be adsorbed on the modified electrode with the PR of conformation which has been proved by microscopic ftir the EC response of the adsorbed hemoglobin on the modified electrode is very SD and shows repeated changes in the different ph solutions it also has shown electrocatalysis to the reduction of oxygen and trichloroacetic acid catalase adsorbed on the gel modified electrode still keep activity to hydrogen peroxide this work provides a simple and easy approach to construct biosensors based on the carbon nanotubes and ionic liquids | MEDAL |
the HP ebola virus ebov has a nonsegmented negativestrand nns rna genome containing seven genes the viral gencape training routine pretraining medical screening revealed no PH of asthma PTX or recent respiratory infection pulmonary function testing and posterioranteriorlateral chest xray were normal he forcefully exhaled at the start of his ascent and developed neurological abnormalities including lightheadedness with LE weakness and paresthesias T3 surfacing he fully recovered after a us navy treatment table this case represents the first report of an AGE since the us navy resumed pressurized submarine escape training utilizing the submarine escape and immersion equipment suit we discuss possible contributing AF and propose that his age was caused by pulmonary barotrauma due to a combination of low forced expiratory flow rates and an overly forceful exhalation during his ascent | MEDAL |
the relationship between active extrusion of ca from red cell ghosts and AS uptake of ca by isolated red CM fragments was investigated by studying the ca uptake activities of IO and RA sideout LDV preparations a and b which had mainly IO and right sideout LDV respectively were isolated from red cell CM and were compared with respect to ca adenosine triphosphatase atpase and atpdependent ca uptake MICs preparation a had nearly eight times more insideout vesicles and took up eight times more ca in the presence of atp compared to preparation b separation of the calabeled membrane vesicles by density gradient centrifugation showed that the ca label was localized to the insideout vesicle fraction in addition the ca taken up in the ADP was lost during a subsequent incubation in the absence of atp the rate of ca loss was not influenced by the presence of egta but was slowed in the presence of la mm in the efflux medium the results presented here support the thesis that the AS uptake of ca by red cell membrane fragments is due to the AS transport of ca into insideout LDV | MEDAL |
in using data from the NCS ncs krueger presented a model that gave a novel taxonomic approach to mental disorders and their core psychopathologies he proposed that the relationships among common mental disorders could be understood in a factor structure composed of higherorder internalizing and externalizing factors with the internalizing factor subdivided into an anxiousmisery subfactor and a fear subfactor however krueger did not include all of the mental disorders assessed in the ncs the objective of the current T0 was to examine how AA and drug abuse compare to AD and drug dependence in kruegers model | MEDAL |
this study investigated the effect of isometrically induced fatigue on hilltype muscle MM parameters and related taskdependent effects parameter ID methods were used to extract fatiguerelated parameter trends from isometric and ballistic dynamic maximum voluntary knee extensions nine subjects who completed ten fatiguing sets each consisting of nine s isometric maximum voluntary contractions with s rest plus two ballistic contractions with different loads were analyzed only at the isometric task the identified optimized MM parameter values of muscle activation rate and maximum force generating capacity of the contractile element decreased from formula see text to formula see text hz and from formula see text to formula see text n respectively for all tasks the maximum efficiency of the contractile PE mathematically related to the curvature of the forcevelocity relation increased from formula see text to formula see text the MM parameter maximum contraction velocity decreased from formula see text to formula see text ms and the stiffness of the serial elastic PE from formula see text to formula see text nmm thus models of fatigue should consider fatigue dependencies in AS as well as in passive elements and muscle activation dynamics should account for the task dependency of fatigue | MEDAL |
we examined intratype human papillomavirus type hpv sequence variation in tumor samples that were collected and analyzed in an international study of invasive cervical cancer the collection included PT from countries in five continents using our recently developed e and l pcrbased hybridization systems to distinguish hpv variant lineages we analyzed material from tumors previously found to contain hpv dna of specimens analyzed in the e hybridization assay belonged to previously reported hpv variant lineages the remaining specimens harbored hpv variants with novel hybridization patterns novel nucleotide changes or both nucleotide sequences bp were determined for the e the my region of l and the long control region of each novel variant and representative specimens from each hybridization DP observed based on e hybridization patterns most of the SCV from european and north american samples were phylogenetically classified as EU prototype e while samples from africa contained primarily african af or african af variants the majority of asian as variants were observed in southeast asia and almost all asian american aa SCV were from central and south america or spain a single north american na variant was detected in a tumor from argentina nucleotide changes previously shown to covary between the my region of l and the e coding region were examined in a subset of specimens we observed combined el hybridization patterns of which in samples were novel no unanticipated nucleotide covariation was observed between the e class and the aaafafna classes suggesting the absence or rarity of genomic recombination between hpv lineages this extensive description of hpv variants forms a basis for further examining the relationship between intratype variation and basic PET differences in biological MICs hpv SCV may prove important for the determination of the risk of C2 neoplasia and for the design of hpv vaccine strategies | MEDAL |
contractions induced by EFS of guineapig ileum longitudinal muscle strips were enhanced by metoclopramide and ics at concentrations similar to those required to antagonize at hydroxytryptamine m receptors the enhancement of contraction was observed in IN ileum strips but was not recorded in the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparation or from the ileum with the mucosal layer removed it is concluded that an intact mucosal layer is required for metoclopramide and ics to enhance electrical field stimulationinduced contractions of the guineapig ileum | MEDAL |
the majority of patients with stage iiiiv ovarian carcinoma that respond initially to standard therapies ultimately undergo relapse due to the survival of small populations of cells with tumorinitiating potential these OC ovcainitiating cells ocic are sometimes called cancer stem cells csc because they express SC markers and can survive conventional therapies such as chemotherapy which usually target rapidly replicating tumor cells and give rise to recurrent tumors that are more chemoresistant and more aggressive thus it would be desirable to develop a therapy that could selectively target ocic and be used to complement the conventional therapies in this T0 we isolated a subset of ovca cells with a cd phenotype in samples from patients with ovca that possess csc properties including the formation of spheroids in SC selfrenewal and the ability to be engrafted in immunecompromised mice we next explored the use of immunotherapy using fusions of dendritic cells and ocic to specifically target the ocic subpopulations fusion cells fcs prepared in this way activated t cells to express elevated C2 of ifnγ with enhanced killing of cd ovca cells we envision a combined approach where conventional therapies such as chemotherapy kill the bulk of tumor cells whereas ocicreactive cytotoxic t lymphocytes target the resistant ocic fraction a combined therapy such as this may represent a promising RPA for the treatment of ovca | MEDAL |
lowdensity lipoprotein ldl apheresis is applied in patients with coronary HR disease because of severe inherited forms of hypercholesterolemia for which dietary and combined drug treatment cannot lower ldl cholesterol concentrations less than mgdl the following article describes the changes in lipoprotein C2 in a total of patients undergoing weekly ldl apheresis immunoadsorption operating with polyclonal antibodies against apolipoprotein b was used in patients five patients were put on heparininduced extracorporeal ldl precipitation help therapy received dextran sulfate adsorption treatments under steadystate conditions a single treatment reduced ldl cholesterol by or mgdl with IA or mgdl with help and or mgdl with DS adsorption lipoprotein a lpa declined by to very LD lipoprotein vldl cholesterol and vldl triglycerides declined by to because of the activation of lipoprotein lipase and precipitation during the help procedure in all procedures there was a small reduction in the different highdensity lipoprotein fractions which had returned to normal after h the LT hdl cholesterol levels increased significantly during all procedures there was a decrease in the molar esterification rate of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity all changes in lipid fractions were paralleled by changes in the corresponding apolipoprotein C2 it is concluded that all three techniques described are powerful tools capable of lowering ldl cholesterol in severe hereditary forms of hypercholesterolemia in help and DS adsorption the amount of plasma is limited by the elimination of other plasma constituents IA may thus be preferred in very severe forms of hypercholesterolemia | MEDAL |
fortytwo cases of renal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis were clinically investigated with regard to their pathological state and treatment methods of these cases pulmonary metastasis was noted initially in cases and in the remaining cases it occurred after nephrectomy in cases pulmonary metastasis was detected within years for the treatment of primary lesion for the treatment of pulmonary metastasis surgery was performed in cases radiotherapy in cases chemotherapy in cases and hormonal therapy in cases one of the patients who received surgery has survived for years and months and the other for months respectively among the cases treated by radiotherapy a CR remission was noted in case and no improvement in cases twentyone cases were treated with chemotherapeutic agents out of these cases an objective improvement was observed in cases case received drug combination MMC c fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside and cases received fluorouracil dry syrup hormonal agents used were progesterone in cases and testosterone in cases in the hormonal therapy group no remission of M1 lesions was confirmed by chest xray examination in cases the year and year survival rates were and respectively however out of patients have been alive for over years T3 the treatment for pulmonary metastasis therefore even in the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis aggressive treatment including chemotherapy is preferable | MEDAL |
hypertension has a worldwide high incidence in the GP and undoubtedly it is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries in this review we investigated the role of angiotensin ii receptor antagonists arbs therapy in the treatment of essential hypertension we selected in the pubmed and in a list of selected sources the most significant PCTs and metaanalysis carried out from to now to assess in AD patients populations arbs tau safety and tolerability profile in comparison with the efficacy of the other common AHD with particular regard to both the prevention of disabling consequences of hypertension like cerebrovascular events coronary events and heart failure and the influence of an adequate antihypertensive therapy on comorbidities which strongly influence the outcome of hypertensive patients like atherosclerosis kidney damage type ii diabetes mellitus and arrhythmias we also evaluated in a detailed pharmacological and pharmacoeconomic analysis the basilar differences between aceinhibitors and arbs in the control of the raa system and we assessed the possible benefits of their associated use according to the new evidences concerning the treatment of arterial hypertension | MEDAL |
campresponsive elementbinding protein crebregulated transcription coactivator crtc regulates transcription of gluconeogenic genes by specifying targets for the transcription factor creb in response to glucagon we used an AO directed against crtc in both normal rodents and in rodent models of increased gluconeogenesis to better understand the role of crtc in metabolic disease in the context of severe HG and elevated HGP ctrc knockdown kd improved glucose homeostasis by reducing endogenous glucose production interestingly despite the known role of crtc in coordinating gluconeogenic mRNA crtc kd in a rodent MM of type diabetes resulted in surprisingly little alteration of glucose production however crtc kd animals had elevated circulating concentrations of glucagon and a â¼ reduction in glucagon clearance when this phenomenon was prevented with somatostatin or a glucagonneutralizing antibody endogenous gl production was reduced by crtc kd additionally crtc inhibition resulted in reduced expression of several glucagoninduced pyridoxal phosphatedependent enzymes that convert amino acids to gluconeogenic intermediates suggesting that it may control ATP availability as well as gluconeogenic mRNA crtc is an important regulator of gluconeogenesis with tremendous impact in models of elevated hepatic glucose production surprisingly it is also part of a previously unidentified negative FB loop that degrades glucagon and regulates CAA metabolism to coordinately control gl homeostasis in vivo | MEDAL |
necrotizing fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection characterized by rapidly progressing necrosis involving subcutaneous tissues this rare condition carries high mortality rate and require prompt diagnosis and urgent treatment with radical debridement and antibiotics we describe a case of year old man who presented with the history of trivial injury to the knee initially he was admitted and treated for SA but later was diagnosed as necrotizing fasciitis which was successfully treated with no ill effects what so ever from this devastating condition this rare condition has been reported in literature but still early diagnosis which is a key for successful treatment remains a challenge | MEDAL |
antigen presentation and immune activation are essential to the effective control of infectious diseases in north american adolescents at high risk for genital CT trachomatis infection we found HLA-DR SCV drbdqb and dqb to be associated with recurrent CT infection adjusted relative odds ro p for both variants a gcc haplotype corresponding to SCV at il encoding interleukin il promoter positions and was underrepresented in individuals with recurrent infection ro p these genetic associations were independent of nongenetic AF including number of sex partners race sex duration of followup and HIV-1 seropositivity consistent with the observed il association cervical secretions in female adolescents without the il gcc haplotype had elevated il concentrations after chlamydia infection which may reflect involvement of a chlamydiaspecific mechanism for genetically mediated differential il expression in the genital tract | MEDAL |
sixty feeder steers were assigned scores for frame size small medium or C1 and muscle thickness no no or no fed for days and slaughtered grade data were collected for all carcasses sides four from each muscle thickness group were fabricated into boneless closely trimmed retail cuts and the rounds from each of these sides were also physically separated into muscle fat and bone marbling score and usda SQ grade varied inversely p · with frame size carcass quality grades were · choice · good and · standard for smallframed cattle · choice · good and · standard for mediumframed cattle and · choice · good and · standard for largeframed cattle analysis of variance showed significant p · differences among all muscle thickness groups in the LMA and carcass weight but no difference in yield grade between the no and no muscle thickness CG the larger mean longissimus muscle area of carcasses from steers in the no muscle thickness group was offset by their heavier carcass weight and their greater thickness of fat over the longissimus muscle however when analysis of covariance was used to hold fatness or fatness and frame size constant the difference in yield grade between muscle thickness groups no and no was significant p · also carcasses from cattle assigned muscle thickness scores of no as feeders had the highest p · muscle to bone ratio of the round · to while carcasses from cattle assigned thickness scores of no as feeders had the lowest p · muscle to bone ratio of the round · to | MEDAL |
this T0 investigated the effect of dietary ca to available p avp ratio and phytase supplementation on bone ash ileal phytate Kd and nutrient digestibility in broilers fed cornbased diets the experimental design was a à factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating caavp ratios and and C2 of phytase and phytase unitskg of feed the caavp ratios were achieved by formulating all diets to a constant avp level of and varying ca C2 and each treatment was fed to cages of male ross broilers from to d at d digesta from the terminal ileum was collected and analyzed for energy phytate p ca and amino acids aa to determine digestibility digesta ph was measured in each segment crop gizzard duodenum and ileum of the digestive tract data were analyzed by way analysis of covariance there was a significant interaction between dietary caavp ratio and phytase supplementation for WG wg FI fi and FCR fcr in diets with no phytase caavp ratio had a greater effect on wg fi and fcr compared with those fed diets without phytase the orthogonal polynomial contrasts showed that the increase in dietary caavp ratio significantly decreased wg and fi in a quadratic manner whereas fcr increased p linearly with higher dietary caavp ratio increasing dietary caavp ratio led to a significant quadratic decrease in phytate Kd and significant linear decreases in p digestibility and bone ash phytase addition increased p phytate degradation and improved p energy aa and p digestibility at all levels of caavp with no interaction p between the main AF digestibility of aa was positively correlated p with the degree of phytate degradation increasing dietary caavp ratio significantly increased gizzard ph in a linear manner in conclusion phytase phytase unitskg of feed improved phytate and p and aa digestibility at all caavp ratios evaluated in this T0 | MEDAL |
carboplatin cbdca is an active agent in the treatment of acute leukemia and is associated with limited extramedullary toxicity simultaneous phase ii trials were conducted by the southwest oncology group in AD patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia aml cbdca was given as a continuous infusion at a dose of mgm daily for days three of the eligible patients in the relapsed group achieved complete remissions crs lasting and months entry of patients was stopped early in the refractory group due to slow accrual and in the relapsed group due to low cr rate for both CG combined the cr rate was or confidence interval there were fatal toxicities four patients died of IC hemorrhage three of infection and five of hepatic andor renal failure nonhematologic grade toxicity included diarrhea in three patients hyperbilirubinemia in four and mucositis and renal toxicity in one each these results suggest that cbdca should not be considered for treatment of relapsed or refractory aml patients with prior highdose therapy | MEDAL |
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