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we measured TPS airway conductance gawvtg in a body plethysmograph before and after a deep inspiratory maneuver in subjects with AR and subjects with AA in hay fever subjects DI had no effect on gawvtg if it was performed in the control state however when methacholineinduced bronchoconstriction was present deep inspiration transiently increased gawvtg in asthmatic subjects deep inspiration was followed by a transeint fall in baseline gawvtg in the control state however when BC was present deep inspiration was followed by small and VL changes in gawvtg in subjects and marked improvement in gawvtg in subject in asthmatic subjects the bronchoconstrictor response to deep inspiration performed in the control state is thought to be due to reflex changes in bronchomotor tone mediated by ACh vagal nerve pathways like asthmatic subjects hay fever subjects hay fever subjects also possess cholinergicmediated airway hyperreactivity compared with normals our results indicate that in spite of their increased airway reactivity hay fever subjects respond more like normal subjects than like asthmatic subjects T3 a deep inspiratory maneuver
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lymphocyte subpopulations were measured before and T3 physical and psychological stress in healthy subjects and correlated with plasma catecholamine and cortisol C2 during psychological AS monocytes p less than nk p less than B1 p less than and heart rate p less than increased while CAs remained unchanged with physical AS granulocytes monocytes and all lymphocyte subsets increased significantly although B1 rose more than TA and t suppressor cells more than t helper cells thus the ratio of tb cells and of thts cells decreased p less than and p less than adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations increased p less than while cortisol remained unchanged there was a negative relationship between adrenaline and the thts cell ratio before and after AS p less than lymphocyte subpopulations from a different group of healthy subjects were analysed before and after isoproterenol infusion there was a small increase in ts and B1 only p less than and a decrease of the tb cell ratio p less than the predominant enrichment of circulating b ts and nk cells during short lasting adrenergic activation as well as the relationship of the t cell changes to plasma adrenaline suggest an immunoregulatory effect of the sympathetic nervous system in AS
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we report the application of an electrochemical biosensor oncoprobe marks clerk manchester uk to determine whether changes in the open circuit potential ocp of rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells mtln treated in vitro with four cytotoxic anticancer drugs could predict their effects in vivo mtln cells were seeded onto sensors then exposed to each anticancer compound cisplatin doxorubicin paclitaxel or vinblastine and monitored for hours electrochemical monitoring in vitro detected ocp responses to all four drugs with cisplatin and doxorubicin producing greater changes over a shorter period than vinblastine and paclitaxel syngeneic mtln cells were used to generate palpable tumors in female fischer rats animals were divided into five equal groups on day four of the CG received an anticancer drug and one received a saline control fourteen days later the animals were killed and primary RT weights were determined tumors from cisplatin and doxorubicintreated rats were significantly reduced in weight compared to the control paclitaxel and vinblastinetreated CG the anticancer druginduced changes observed through RT EC monitoring of mtln cells in vitro correlated well with the in vivo rat unlike the conventional endpoint assays of lactate dehydrogenase PR and alamar blue
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hepatitis c virus hcv infection may be associated with extrahepatic illness including mixed cryoglobulinemia evidence on hcvrelated mixed cryoglobulinemia in the nontransplantation setting exists even if its AGA management remains unclear the cornerstone of treatment for symptomatic hcvassociated mixed cryoglobulinemia is antiviral therapy but little is known about its activity a SR of the literature with a metaanalysis of clinical studies was performed in order to assess efficacy and safety of combination antiviral therapy for symptomatic hcvassociated mixed cryoglobulinemia in nonimmunosuppressed individuals the random effects model of dersimonian and laird was used with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses the primary outcome was sustained virological response as a measure of efficacy and the secondary outcome was the rate of patients stopping or dose reducing antiviral agents as a measure of tolerability ten clinical studies unique patients were identified the rate of baseline kidney involvement ranged between and the summary estimate of frequency of SVR was with a confidence interval ci of random effects model significant heterogeneity occurred p i stratified analysis showed higher efficacy in those studies using combination therapy with pegylatedthan conventional ifn the summary estimate of sustained viral response being ci and ci respectively there was good association between viral and clinical response weighted k ci by a metaanalysis at individual level on a subset of reports n unique patients the summary estimate of frequency of patients stopping or dose reducing antiviral agents was ci no heterogeneity occurred p i in summary combination antiviral therapy pegylated ifn plus ribavirin gives satisfactory response in more than the half of patients with symptomatic MC associated with hcv hcvrelated mixed cryoglobulinemia is uncommon in developed countries and this clearly hampers RCTs aimed to evaluate tau and safety of antiviral therapy in nonimmunosuppressed individuals
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we investigated the year PRs for emergency contraception ec users who selected the copper t intrauterine device iud or oral levonorgestrel lng for ec
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the intrathecal penetration of nformimidoyl thienamycin mk with or without coadministration of the renal dipeptidase enzyme inhibitor mk in normal rabbits was studied immediately before and T3 the third dose of mgkg infused intravenously at daily h intervals SE peak concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were and microgramsml without and with coadministration of mk respectively p less than students t test penetration into CSF fluid based on the ratio of CSF fluid to plasma area under the concentrationtime curves were and respectively nformimidoyl thienamycin penetrated uninflamed meninges and Cmax were significantly augmented by coadministration of mk
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spatial disorientation is a frequent symptom in alzheimers disease and in mild cognitive impairment mci in the clinical routine spatial orientation is less often tested with realworld navigation but rather with d visuoconstructive tasks however reports about the association between the two types of tasks are sparse additionally SD has been linked to volume of the RA hippocampus but it remains unclear whether right hippocampal subregions have differential involvement in realworld navigation yet this would help uncover different PET roles of the subregions which would have important implications for understanding the neuronal underpinnings of navigation skills we compared patients with amnestic mci amci n and healthy elderly controls hc n in a realworld navigation task that engaged different spatial processes the association between realworld navigation and different visuoconstructive tasks was tested ie figures from the consortium to establish a registry for alzheimers disease cerad the reyosterrieth complex figure task and clock drawing furthermore the relation between spatial navigation and volume of RA HPC subregions was examined linear regression and RW analysis were applied for statistical analyses patients with amci were significantly less able to correctly navigate through a route compared to hc but had comparable map drawing and landmark recognition skills the association between visuoconstructive tasks and realworld navigation was only significant when using the visuospatial SM component of the rey figure in amci more volume of the right HPC tail was significantly associated with better navigation skills while volume of the RA ca region was a significant predictor in hc standard visuoconstructive tasks eg the cerad figures or clock drawing are not sufficient to detect realworld spatial disabilities in amci consequently more complex visuoconstructive tasks ie the rey figure should be routinely included in the assessment of cognitive functions in the context of ad moreover in those elderly individuals with impaired complex visuospatial SM route finding behaviour should be evaluated in detail regarding the contribution of HPC subregions to spatial navigation the RA hippocampal tail seems to be particularly important for patients with amci while the ca region appears to be more relevant in hc
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pentane cas no is a chemical being used as a cosolvent in a CP production facility with potential for inhalation SE in humans to assess the toxicity of pentane CG of male rats each were exposed by inhalation hrday daysweek for weeks to either control or ppm five rats per group were killed following the th exposure the remaining group were killed T3 a day postexposure recovery period parameters investigated were clinical signs of toxicity functional behavior body weights clinical pathology and gross and microscopic pathology including organ weights no unusual clinical observations were seen in the pentanetreated rats and body weights were not altered test rats generally exhibited normal behavioral responses in the functional observational battery increases in SS calcium and phosphorus concentrations were seen in rats exposed to either or ppm these were reversible during the week recovery period no other clinical pathology changes were observed and no pentanerelated tissue pathology was seen in any of the CG the noobservedadverseeffect level was ppm with reversible clinical pathology changes produced at and ppm
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biodegradable segmented polyurethanes were prepared with polycaprolactone diol as a soft segment methylene biscyclohexyl isocyanate hmdi and either butanediol or dithioerythritol as chain extenders PLT adhesion was similar in all segmented polyurethanes studied and not different from tecoflex® although an early stage of activation was observed on biodegradable segmented polyurethane prepared with dithioerythritol relative viability was higher than on HUVE cells in contact with biodegradable segmented polyurethane extracts T3 and days furthermore both biodegradable segmented polyurethane materials supported human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion spreading and viability similar to tecoflex® medicalgrade polyurethane these biodegradable segmented PUs represent promising materials for cardiovascular applications
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we have previously reported that many tumor cell lines express a nucleotide phosphodiesterase phosphodiesterase i ec with properties clearly distinguishable from enzymes of normal tissues biochim biophys acta such an enzyme with nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was purified from ehrlich ascites carcinoma by measuring the cleavage of thymidine monophosphate pnitrophenyl ester tmpnp the enzyme is a soluble protein has a ph optimum of and the molecular mass estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is kda the enzyme does not hydrolyze other chromogenic substrates for phosphodiesterases nor pyrophosphate bond of various nucleotides which are cleaved by nucleotide phosphodiesterases of normal tissues but it hydrolyzes dinucleotides to form phosphates and is more active on than on PO bonds these results indicate that the tmpnp splitting enzyme in EAC cells is a phosphodiesterase
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acidadaptive responses could be induced readily in oral lacticacid bacteria by growing them in batch cultures with excess sugar or more conveniently and rapidly by transferring cells to acidified growth media for the time required for biomass doubling the response of streptococcus mutans gs was induced in a progressive rather than allornothing way and the extent of acid tolerance was inversely related to the ph of the inducing medium over a range from to the Ka fluoride acetate or lactate did not measurably enhance acid adaptation and so the response did not appear to depend primarily on changes in delta ph or the PMF across the CM transcription and translation to form new proteins did appear to be necessary as indicated by inhibition of adaptation by RFP or chloramphenicol and by lack of adaptation by cells suspended in phosphate buffer at ph streptococcus salivarius and LC were acid adapted by the rapid method and the method appeared to be generally useful for oral lacticacid bacteria the rapid induction of the response in multiple oral lacticacid bacteria suggests that it is of GA importance for maintaining a diversity of organisms in the oral microbiota which is regularly subjected to acid stresses
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according to the csf bulk flow theory HC is caused by an imbalance between csf formation and absorption or a block at various locations in the L1 csf pathway new theories however have been proposed in which minor csf pathways may play a significant role in the OD of CH the authors review L1 contributions to the literature and analyze the evolution of theories of csf dynamics in relation to hydrocephalus dividing their development into stages on the basis of historical trends in stage i prior to systems of classifying hydrocephalus were proposed namely dandys classifications of communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus and russells nonobstructive and obstructive hydrocephalus in stage ii based on these theories of major csf pathway dynamics treatment focused on ventriculostomy as an alternative to reduction of csf production by choroid plexus coagulation in stage iii some of the specific forms of HC especially in premature infants were found to be unsuitable for ventriculostomy in stage iv selection of treatment modalities evolved further with a focus on analysis of the chronological changes in csf dynamics and the differences in absorption pathways in the developing and mature brains the authors focus on minor pathway HC in the immature brain differentiating it from the conventional classification of obstructive and nonobstructive major pathwaall dogs were submitted to a CR breeding soundness examination including bmode sonography prostatic volume was larger and BP levels of cpse were higher in ageing dogs and in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia bph compared with young dogs and dogs with NP furthermore a higher e t ratio was found in dogs with bph despite missing significant differences in prl concentrations the slight increases in prl concentrations in the prostatic secretion observed both with increasing age and in dogs with bph and the observed correlations between concentrations of prl and testicular CS may possibly indicate a role of prl in the pathogenesis of canine bph serum rln concentrations were at similar level in all dogs regarding breed differences an appreciably larger prostatic volume and higher concentration of cpse were verified in rr than in other purebred dogs confirming our suspicion of a premature enlargement of the prostate gland which may result from a genetic disposition for bph in this breed
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development of a method for semiautomated preparation of purified representative and conventionally stained monolayer smears from bronchial secretions suitable for subjective andor automated cytodiagnosis
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giant axonal neuropathy gan is a neurodegenerative disorder classified within the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies affecting both the IP and CNS systems gan typically presents in early childhood before the age of five years and progresses to death usually by early adulthood various imaging findings in GAN have been described and documented in literature in the form multiple case reports we here present a pictorial essay of all the L1 imaging gan findings described in the literature in addition involvement of the dentate nucleus hitherto not described in the literature was noted in the present case
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tumorassociated macrophages tams mostly exhibit mlike alternatively activated properties and play positive roles in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis VE growth factor vegf is a key angiogenic factor during tumor OD tams secrete vegf and other AF to promote angiogenesis thus antitreatment against tams and vegf can repress CA OD which has been demonstrated in clinical trials and on an exp level in the present work we show that mir is an oncomir because of its promotional effect on vegf mir targets tams to upregulate their secretion of vegf in vitro with the utilization of cellderived vesicles named microvesicles mvs we transferred AS rna targeted to mir into mice and found that the neutralization of mir downregulates mir and vegf C2 in vivo and attenuates angiogenesis therefore we proposed the therapeutic potential of neutralizing mir to treat cancer and demonstrated a novel natural microvesiclebased method for the transfer of nucleic acids
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the issue of balanced nutrition is of great concern to human meat and fish are the best sources of protein the affordability of these resources for people in developing countries is less thus there is an increasing interest in pulses and its derivates as an alternative to fish and meat lectin and histone h are the most common proteins in various pulses and our interest is in identifying the dominant essential amino acids in them for use as supplements however actin and lectin are common among oryza sativa and cicer arietinum we describe the amount of lectin and histone h in cicer arietinum LCA and pisum sativum in a comparative manner cicer arietinum was fouvitro experiments was conducted to evaluate GT as a potential future therapeutic option
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the genus prochlorococcus is globally abundant and dominates the total phytoplankton biomass and production in the oligotrophic ocean the single species prochlorococcus marinus comprises six named ecotypes our aim was to analyze the taxonomic structure of the genus prochlorococcus we analyzed the CR genomes of cultured p marinus type and reference strains by means of several genomic taxonomy tools ie multilocus sequence analysis amino acid identity karlin genomic signature and genome to genome distance in addition we estimated the diversity of prochlorococcus species in over marine metagenomes from all the L1 oceanic provinces according to our careful taxonomic analysis the strains corresponded in fact to ten different prochlorococcus species this analysis establishes a new taxonomic framework for the genus prochlorococcus further the analysis of the metagenomic data suggests that in total there may only be prochlorococcus species we therefore investigated the association of dialysis modality with survival on chronic renal replacement therapy rrt and whether this association varies between subgroups of patients
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fxyd also known as dysadherin belongs to a family of tissuespecific regulators of the nakatpase we determined the kinetic effects of fxyd on nakatpase pump activity in stably transfected MDCK fxyd significantly increased the apparent affinity for na twofold and decreased the apparent affinity for k by with a twofold increase in vmax of k a DP that would increase activity and na removal from the cell to test the effect of increased na uptake on fxyd expression we analyzed madindarby canine kidney cells stably transfected with an inducible vector expressing all three subunits of the epithelial hH1 enac nakatpase activity increased sixfold after h enac induction but fxyd expression decreased fxyd expression was also decreased in lung epithelia from mice that overexpress enac suggesting that chronic na absorption by itself downregulates epithelial fxyd expression patients with cystic fibrosis cf display enacmediated hyperabsorption of na in the airways accompanied by increased nakatpase activity however fxyd was significantly increased in the lungs and nasal epithelium of cf mice as assessed by rtpcr immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis p fxyd was also upregulated in nasal scrapings from human cf patients compared with controls p treatment of human tracheal epithelial cells with a cftr inhibitor i confirmed that loss of cftr function correlated with increased fxyd expression p which was abrogated by an inhibitor of nfkappab thus fxyd is upregulated in cf epithelia and this NC may exacerbate the na hyperabsorption and surface liquid dehydration observed in cf airway epithelia
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the central part of the retina which includes the fovea is substantially overrepresented in the topographic map of the retina in the V1 we tested whether this simply reflects the uneven distribution of ganglion cells in the retina in accordance with the principle of peripheral scaling or whether there is additional expansion of the fovea and adjacent retina in the retinocortical projection wheatgerm agglutinated horseradish peroxidase was injected into the V1 of three Rh macaque monkeys so as to surround the representation of the fovea at a mean eccentricity of degrees and the retinae were processed histochemically to stain the retrogradely and transneuronally labelled GCs which projected topographically to the i.t. CS this enabled regions of the striate cortex to be related precisely to corresponding regions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and retina mathematical models of the CSD of GCs in the retina clipped threedimensional computer reconstructions of the striate SC and lateral geniculate nucleus and counts of neurons in the latter were used to calculate the proportion of neurons allocated to the marked perifoveal region at each stage of projection this was used to calculate the relative allocation of neurons to the representation of the fovea and surrounding retina among the different stages of the visual pathway the values obtained showed that the cortical representation of the perifovea was expanded two to three times more than could be accounted for on the basis of GCL topography in the retina and that the expansion occurred both between the retina and the TH and between the thalamus and the SC these results are inconsistent with the idea that peripheral scaling is a GA principle of sensory representation in the cortex they could also explain why many visual thresholds including hyperacuities cannot be accounted for by peripheral factors such as ganglion cell density
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tracing of olfactory projections based on odorant receptor expression has led to an almost complete receptortoglomerulus map in adult drosophila while most of the glomeruli may be involved in processing of food odors others appear to be more specialized for example responding to co or to pheromonal cues recent studies have shed CS on signal processing in the antennal lobe and in higher centers newly detected ACh excitatory local interneurons in the AL appear to provide substrates for the broad odor tuning properties of PNs in the mushroom bodies projection neurons establish an intricate divergenceconvergence network with their target cells allowing complex modes of signal transfer in the lateral horn projection SN innervating candidate pheromone glomeruli appear to segregate from those innervating normal glomeruli hence pheromone and food information may be handled by separate channels consistent with discrete behavioral meanings of the two kinds of signals the olfactory pathway of the larva shares the general layout of its adult counterpart with a number of simplifications the presence of only glomeruli suggests a reduction of primary olfactory dimensions compared to adults the existence of a pheromonesensing subsystem is unlikely larval glomeruli are targets of single unique sensory neurons rather than being sites of convergence as in the adult projection neuron outputs are restricted to single glomeruli in the mushroom body their target cells either innervate one or several of them creating substrates for elementary odor coding and coincidence detection in conclusion olfactory discrimination capacities of the larva are very likely reduced consistent with the requirements of a substrate feeder
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PF was induced weeks T3 a single ip i.t. of cyclophosphamide mgkg bwt in balbc mice B6 mice were unaffected there was a corresponding strain R2 in the effects of cyclophosphamide on levels of pulmonary mrna encoding alpha i and alpha iii PC and transforming growth factorbeta in balbc mice the ratios of alpha i and alpha iii procollagen mrna to polyadenylated rna were increased week T3 cyclophosphamide i.t. no increases in C2 of either procollagen mrna occurred in cbl mice the ratio of fibronectin mrna to polyadenylated rna was elevated to a similar extent in both mu strains during the st week T3 cyclophosphamide treatment the pulmonary content of transforming growth factorbeta mrna and its ratio to polyadenylated rna increased fold at and weeks in balbc but not B6 mice thus collagen accumulation in cyclophosphamidesensitive mice is preceded by increased pulmonary alpha i and alpha iii procollagen mrna the early strain selective elevation of transforming growth factorbeta mrna in response to cyclophosphamide suggests a role in vivo for transforming growth factorbeta in druginduced PF
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aneurysms of popliteal veins are a rare but silent danger that may involve pulmonary embolism this case report is of a yearold woman with a A-V aneurysm of the left popliteal vein who suffered pulmonary embolism twice during treatment with phenprocoumon three days after resection she suffered an embolism of the left popliteal vein followup at months with duplex showed no signs of thrombosis
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microplastics have the potential to uptake and PR persistent organic pollutants pops however subsequent transfer to marine organisms is poorly understood some models estimating transfer of sorbed contaminants to organisms neglect the role of gut surfactants under differing physiological conditions in the gut varying ph and temperature examined here we investigated the potential for polyvinylchloride pvc and PE pe to sorb and desorb cddt cphenanthrene phe cperfluorooctanoic acid pfoa and cdiethylhexyl phthalate dehp desorption rates of pops were quantified in seawater and under simulated gut conditions influence of ph and temperature was examined in order to represent cold and warm blooded organisms desorption rates were faster with gut SF with a further substantial increase under conditions simulating warm blooded organisms desorption under gut conditions could be up to times greater than in seawater CT of the popplastic combinations examined phe with pe gave the highest potential for transport to organisms
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a longitudinal study of intra and extrahepatic bile duct injuries was performed in an animal model of secondary SC induced by formalin injection into the CBD lymphocytic infiltration inside and around the bile ducts occurred seven days after i.t. the disease later evolved to a fibrous cholangitis of the small bile ducts septal intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct involvement became evident three months after formalin injection the ductular proliferation led to a progressive biliary cirrhosis with portal to portal fibrous septa after formalin i.t. bile duct cells expressed the ia antigen in the cytoplasm andor on the membrane of bile duct cells the intensity of IF did not correlate with the duration or severity of the disease lymphocytes infiltrating into and around the bile duct were mainly tcells this study suggests that a local cellmediated immune response to the injection of a toxic agent induces pathological features similar to those of SC in man
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the walker and syers model of phosphorus p transformations during pedogenesis is widely accepted for the development of humid ecosystems but LT p dynamics of more arid ecosystems remain poorly understood we tested the walker and syers MM in semiarid piñonjuniper woodlands by measuring soil p fractions under tree canopies and in intercanopy spaces along a wellconstrained approximately ka ka years volcanic substrate age gradient in northern arizona usa the various pools of soil p behaved largely as predicted total soil p and primary mineral p declined consistently with substrate age labile Pi increased early in soil OD and then declined at later stages and organic phosphorus increased consistently across the chronosequence within each site soils under tree canopies tended to have higher concentrations of labile and intermediately AP fractions compared to intercanopy soils however the degree of spatial heterogeneity conferred by tree islands was moderated by the stage of soil development in contrast tree islands had no influence on withinsite distribution of more recalcitrant soil p pools which appear to be controlled solely by the stage of pedogenesis coincident with declines in TP primary mineral p and labile inorganic p we found that phosphatase enzyme activity increased with substrate age a result consistent with greater ecosystemlevel p demand on older more highly weathered substrates our results suggest that compared to humid climates reduced inputs of water energy and pH to semiarid ecosystems slow the rate of change in p fractions during pedogenesis but the overall DP remains consistent with the walker and syers MM furthermore our data imply that pedogenic change may be an important factor controlling the spatial CSD of labile p pools in semiarid ecosystems taken together these data should both broaden and unify terrestrial ecosystem OD theory
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this work determines the dielectrophoretic response of surface modified PS and Si colloidal particles by experimentally measuring their clausiusmossotti AF commercial charged particles fabricated ones coated with fibronectin and janus particles that have been grafted with fibronectin on one side only were investigated we show that the dielectrophoretic response of such particles can be controlled by the modification of the chemistry or the anisotropy of their surface moreover by modelling the polarizabilities of those particles the dielectric parameters of the particles and the grafted SL of protein can be measured
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we have previously shown that MPA acetate mpa either CT or combined with conjugated equine estrogens cee significantly decreased insulin sensitivity si compared with both UT controls and those treated with cee alone the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of estradiol e with and without nomegestrol acetate na a potent progestin that lacks androgenic activity on si and arterial antioxidant activity as determined by fisoprostanes thirtysix adult female cynomolgus monkeys macaca fascicularis were ovariectomized and fed a moderately atherogenic diet with one of the following three treatments added to the diet for weeks no treatment control e or continuous combined e na ena si and gl effectiveness were assessed by the frequently sampled iv glucose ATT using a thirdphase insulin infusion T3 weeks of treatment cholesterol content and fisoprostanes were measured in the thoracic aorta after weeks of treatment e treatment resulted in a significantly greater si compared with control or enatreated monkeys vs and x min microu ml p in contrast to our studies of cee and mpa ena treatment though reducing the si below that of the e group did not reduce the si below that of control monkeys as expected the short period of treatment resulted in no significant differences in aortic cholesterol content there was no treatment effect on total fisoprostanes representing fisoprostane formation caused primarily by autooxidation suggesting minimal antioxidant activity however there was a treatment difference in the prostaglandin falpha pgfalpha isomer a prostaglandin pg isomer formed by both autooxidation of AA and cyclooxygenase activity pgfalpha concentrations were lower with e treatment compared with controls and lower compared with ena treatment vs and p suggesting differences in pg synthesis between hormone treatments in conclusion na a progestin without androgenic activity may still affect some cardiovascular risk AF differently than estrogenonly therapy however it seems to be less detrimental than mpa
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an uncomfortable environment or CPAP cpap intolerance may cause poor sleep efficiency during polysomnography and result in a poorquality T0 unsatisfactory PSGs often must be repeated nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics may improve sleep efficiency without disruption of sleep architecture we hypothesized that premedication with zolpidem improves PSG SQ and decreases the need to restudy
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dissolved organic compounds are L1 contaminants in oil sands processaffected water ospw of which NAs nas are one of the main persistent toxicants in the present T0 we explore the toxic effects of the organic fraction extracted from ospw ospwof in mice during pregnancy and lactation here we report that acute oral SE of female balbc mice during gestation and subchronic SE throughout gestation and lactation to ospwof containing naturally occurring levels of nas found in tailings ponds had negligible effects on their reproductive performance specifically mating SMB pregnancy success embryonic implantation gestation period litter size and offspring viability were not affected by ospwof containing up to mgl nas ospwof exposure also did not affect PC of Pa hormones or pro and antiinflammatory cytokines and it had minimal effects on CL AS mRNA this T0 presents the first comprehensive in vivo analysis of rat toxicity associated with ospwof exposure overall our results suggest that the risk of acute and subchronic toxicity to mice exposed to ospwof at environmentally relevant concentrations of nas in contaminated drinking water is likely negligible
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in this study newborns ability to discriminate durational changes in the fricative s within a nonsense word was investigated the results showed that infrequent increments and decrements of a speech sound duration elicit a mismatch N1 kind of response in sleeping human newborns in the auditory eventrelated potential to these deviant stimuli two negative waves of this response were revealed the first N1 peaked at about msec and the second at about msec after the change ON at least one negative deflection which was interpreted as evidence for stimulus changedetection was observed in every infant
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a chemotactic peptide nformylmethionylleucylphenylalanine fmlp induced an acidification of cytosol by about ph units in sec followed by an alkalinization in human neutrophils the quantitative contribution of acid production to the acidification was studied the superoxide o production stimulated by fmlp was not involved in the acidification because the production of acids in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease who do not produce o was the same as that in normal neutrophils the intracellular acidification was completely inhibited by deoxyglucose suggesting that SE metabolism enhanced upon stimulation by fmlp might be the main source of the acidification although enhancement of the lactate formation by fmlp was nmol cells which could lower intracellular ph by ph units the lactate production could not explain the initial acidification because the production of lactate started at min T3 the stimulation while the intracellular acidification began immediately after the stimulation mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors such as kcn and rotenone had no effects on the fmlpinduced intracellular acidification the fmlpinduced production of co in sec through the HMP shunt was only pmol cells which was calculated to decrease intracellular ph by only thus changes of SE metabolism induced by fmlp does not explain the acidification
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this article offers a comprehensive review of colon trauma from world war i to the present the process of evidencebased medicine was used to analyze the data from the past years and define standards of care in the field where data are less compelling recommendations and suggestions are provided for future research topics highlighted include destructive and nondestructive colon injuries rectal injuries ontable colonic lavage Tc bypass tubes risk AF perioperative antibiotics and colostomy closure
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to better characterize neurophysiologic processes underlying olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia nosereferenced channel electroencephalogram was recorded from patients and healthy adults and male during PCD of hydrogen sulfide constantflow olfactometer ms unirhinal SE eventrelated potentials erps were transformed to referencefree current source density csd waveforms and analyzed by unrestricted varimaxpca participants indicated when they perceived a high ppm or low dilution odor concentration patients and controls did not differ in detection of high misses and low intensities and also had similar olfactory erp waveforms csds showed a greater BL frontotemporal n sink ms and midparietal p source ms for high than low intensities n sink and p source were markedly reduced in patients for high intensity stimuli providing further neurophysiological evidence of olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia
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ultraviolet radiation is a risk factor for braf v mutations frequently found in melanomas that cause constitutive braf activation primary CS of melanoma and the frequency of braf mutations might differ between races melanoma is rare in japan casesyear compared with year worldwide and the frequency and CSD of braf v mutations are unknown we aimed to investigate the frequency of braf v mutations in a cohort of japanese patients with melanoma and determine the relationship between mutations and clinicalpathologic features dna was extracted from formalinfixed paraffinembedded tumours from individuals diagnosed with melanoma braf v mutations were detected using the cobas system with z analyzer and cobas braf v mutation test reagents braf v mutations were detected in of tested tumours with an invalid rate of the mutation rate was more than in patients aged less than years and more than in patients with stage iiiiv disease no sex difference in the mutation rate was observed braf v mutations were detected in of acral lentiginous melanomas alms of superficial spreading melanomas of lentigo maligna melanomas and of nodular melanomas although the mutation rate was low in alms were mutation positive at stage iiiiv compared with at stage iii this T0 confirmed associations among braf v mutations pathological features and subtypes of melanoma braf v mutations were more frequent in latestage alms than in earlystage alms SF spreading melanomas had similar mutation rates at all stages these insights suggest improved treatment predictions for stage iiiiv melanoma patients
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organisms respond to infection in a complex manner involving bidirectional interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune systems many of the bioactive endocrineimmune factors are synthesized in a F0 form and are expected to be G1 by prohormone convertases pcs since patients with both type and type diabetes have an increased incidence and severity of infections we hypothesized that in a condition of hyperglycemia these processing enzymes would be G1 in an immune tissue the SP to test this hypothesis we treated rats with intraperitoneal streptozotocin stz mgkgday daily for days and measured splenic pc and pc mrna by ribonuclease protection CA we found that pc mrna was increased fold p and pc mrna was increased fold p in the SP of rats that received stz compared to rats that received vehicle western blot indicated that the kda form of pc was the only form of pc present in the SP and that this form increased with stz treatment immunohistochemistry revealed that pc was found in both the white pulp tlymphocytes and RP monocytes and macrophages and that its increase in immunoreactivity occurred primarily in the WG pulp pc and proopiomelanocortin pomc a possible splenic substrate for pcpc immunoreactivity was found predominantly in the red pulp stz induced an increase in splenic pc and pomc but not pc protein C2 we conclude that in the stz model of diabetes splenic pcs are induced which could lead to an increased activation of many immunederived hormones we speculate that this upregulation of prohormone converting enzymes may be related to the increased infections seen in patients with both type and type diabetes
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vitamin k epoxide reductase vkor generates vitamin k hydroquinone to sustain gammacarboxylation of many blood coagulation factors here we report the a crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of vkor from synechococcus sp the structure shows vkor in complex with its naturally fused redox partner a thioredoxinlike domain and corresponds to an arrested state of electron transfer the catalytic core of vkor is a four TMH bundle that surrounds a quinone connected through an additional transmembrane segment with the periplasmic thioredoxinlike domain we propose a pathway for how vkor uses electrons from cysteines of newly synthesized proteins to reduce a quinone a mechanism confirmed by in vitro reconstitution of vitamin kdependent disulphide bridge formation our results have implications for the mechanism of the mammalian vkor and explain how mutations can cause resistance to the vkor inhibitor warfarin the most commonly used oral anticoagulant
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the phase ii drug metabolizing enzyme arylamine nacetyltransferase nat has been implicated in the growth and survival of cancer cells although the mechanisms that underlies these effects are unknown here a focused metabolomics RPA was used to identify changes in folate catabolism as well as the sadenosylmethionine sam cycle following nat knockdown with shrna although acetylation of the folate catabolite paminobenzoylglutamate pabg was significantly decreased there were no changes in intracellular pabg or the various components of the sam cycle by contrast the flux of homocysteine in the medium was different following nat knockdown after the Met content was exhausted suggesting a need for this metabolite in methionine synthesis analysis of the growth of various CA cells in methylthioadenosinesupplemented medium showed that nat knockdown inhibited the methionine salvage pathway in ht cells but not in hela or mdamb cells the cause of this was a low level of expression of the isomerase mri in the ht cells knocking down both nat and mri in hela cells with sirna further demonstrated a redundancy between these enzymes although direct isomerase activity by nat could not be demonstrated the present study has identified a novel endogenous role for human nat that might explain some of its effects in CA cell growth and survival
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radassociated protein radap is critical for homologous recombination hr by interacting with and stimulating the MICs of the rad and dmc recombinases in human somatic cells knockdown of radap results in increased sensitivity to dna damaging agents and to impaired hr but the formation of dna damageinduced rad foci is unaffected here we generated a genetic MM system based on chicken dt cells to assess the phenotype of fully inactivated radap in vertebrate cells targeted inactivation of both radap alleles has no effect on either viability or doublingtime in undamaged cells factors belongingcompetency α national privileges α and access to home familiarity α with sample confirmatory factor analyses n crossvalidated the factor oblique MM as well as a bifactor MM cronbach alphas of ccls subscale scores in sample ranged from to the validity of the ccls scores was supported by its associations with related variables in the expected directions perceived crosscultural losses were positively associated with negative affect migration grief and loss and discrimination and were negatively associated with life satisfaction positive affect GA SE and social connection with MS society moreover the ccls total and subscale scores added significant incremental variance in predicting subjective wellbeing over and above related constructs the results indicated measurement invariance and validity equivalency for the ccls scores between men and women the overall results from these samples support ccls as a psychometrically strong measure
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the folding pattern of the CBF cortex and its relation to PET areas is notoriously variable and there is a need to identify more consistent dimensional d topographical cortical features we analyzed magnetic resonance BB images of normal adult human volunteers using automated d image analysis methods we examined the deeper parts of the sulci because they generally show less interindividual variability than more SF parts especially in monozygotic twins and deepest parts of primary sulci are the first to develop embryologically and NC least as the cortex expands along the length of each sulcus we found that there is generally one welldefined zone where depth is maximal which we term the sulcal pit long sulci may have or pits the spatial arrangement of pits is strikingly regular forming alternating chains of deeper and shallower pits we hypothesize that the pits are encoded in the protomap described in rakic specification of CBF cortical Az science and are under closer genetic control than the rest of the SC and are likely to have a more consistent relationship to PET areas
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recently our group demonstrated the technical feasibility of allograft tympanoossicular systems atos procurement directly through the external auditory canal by using a rigid endoscope this novel technique has several advantages compared to the traditional transcranial schuknecht bone plug technique it avoids contact with the dura mater it is less timeconsuming and it doesnt require a thorough reconstruction of the donor in our tissue bank we are currently transitioning from the transcranial procurement technique to the endoscopic procurement technique the learning curve to master the endoscopic technique is steep but our preliminary results suggest that the percentage of good SQ endoscopically procured atos is at least similar to the percentage of good quality transcranially procured atos dissected from the temporal bone plug additionally the number of donations has increased significantly by avoiding contact with the DM and therefore eliminating the risk of potential prion disease transmission this technical evolution in procurement technique might allow dedicated tissue banks to reintroduce atos procurement and implantation
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the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of wholebody vibration with a frequency of hz wbvhz on peak SP in squat jump sj repetition maximum rm in parallel squat and electromyography emg activity and compare them with novibration conditions in power lifters twelve national level male power lifters age ± years body mass ± kg height ± cm tested PP in sj and rm in parallel squat while they were randomly exposed to wbvhz or to no vibration these tests were performed in a smith machine PPO was higher while performed with a wbvhz compared with the nowbv condition p this increase in SP output was accompanied by higher emg starting values and emg peak values of the investigated thigh muscles during wbvhz p there was no difference between adding wbvhz and novibration conditions in rm parallel squat in conclusion the results of this study suggest that the application of wbvhz acutely increases peak SP output during sj in well strength trained individuals such as SP lifters this increase in SP was accompanied by an increased emg activity in the quadriceps muscles however in rm parallel squat there was no difference between wbvhz and novibration conditions therefore adding wbvhz has no acute additive effect on rm parallel squat in power lifters and based on the present findings may thus not be recommended in the training to improve rm in power lifters however wbvhz seems to have an acute additive effect on peak SP SO and may be used in well strength trained individuals for whom a high SP output is important for performance
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assays of several proteases incorporating guanidinium chloride extracts of human FA head cartilage and intervertebral disc demonstrated that both tissues contain inhibitors of certain serine PRs TR chymotrypsin and a granule extract of human polymorphonuclear WBCs containing PE and cat g MICs were inhibited by low molecular weight fractions prepared by sephadex g chromatography using a radioassay it was further shown that these fractions inhibit proteolysis of cartilage proteoglycan the inhibitor in intervertebral disc is concentrated in the nucleus pulposus with a decreasing gradient to the periphery of the annulus fibrosus it is proposed that these inhibitors confer at least partial protection against pathological proteolysis of the proteoglycans in human articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus
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topical cutaneous painting with chemically reactive haptens induces the ability to subsequently elicit CS cs responses in the skin these cs responses are in vivo examples of acquired antigen agspecific t cell immunity and are a form of delayedtype hypersensitivity dth in contrast high dose iv administration of the hapten can induce agspecific tolerance in some instances this specific immune hyporeactivity is due to Ts cells we investigated the effect of il on reversal of tolerance due to suppressor TA that were induced by iv administration of hapten in either normal tcralpha or in nude tcralpha mice in the tcralpha mice tolerance is mediated by tcralphabeta Ts cells while in the tcralpha mice the tolerance is due to suppressive tcrgammadelta cells treatment with il reversed suppressor mediated by the tcralphabeta cells but did not affect tolerance due to tcrgammadelta suppressor cells another difference was that the alphabetatcr suppressor cells produced a soluble suppressor factor that could replace the surppressor cells while gammadeltatcr suppressor cells did not we hypothesized that il may strengthen responses of target cseffector t cells influenced by the haptenmhcspecificity of alphabeta suppresssor cells or suppressor factor on the other hand gammadeltatcr suppressive cells likely have specificity for the hapten alone and are not mhcrestricted and therefore probably do not operate via peptidemhc interactions that could be strengthened by il the ability of il to strengthen the resistance of cseffector TA to alphabeta tcr suppressor cells may be due to the ability of il to increase t cell costimulation mediated by signaling mechanisms acting via b and b in contrast gammadeltatcr suppressor cells that are largely haptenspecific probably do not interact with peptidemhc complexes on apc and thus are not affected by il strengthening of costimulation
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load carriage using backpacks is an occupational task and can be a recreational pursuit the aim of this T0 was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for changes in neuromuscular CF of the m QF following load carriage the physiological responses of male participants to voluntary and electrically stimulated ISO contractions were measured before and immediately after two hours of treadmill walking at kmâ¢h during level walking with no load lw and level walking with load carriage kg backpack lc maximal voluntary contraction force decreased by ± following lc p with no NC following lw p VA decreased T3 lw and lc p with no difference between conditions p doublet contraction time decreased after both lw and lc p with no difference between conditions p there were no other changes in electrically invoked doublet parameters in either condition the hz ratio did not NC following lw p but decreased from ± to ± T3 lc p indicating reduced ca PR from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation contraction coupling in conclusion two hours of load carriage carrying a kg back pack caused neuromuscular impairment through a decrease in voluntary activation ie central drive and fatigue or damage to the IP muscle including impairment of the excitation contraction coupling process this may reduce PCS performance and increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury
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we examine emotion selfregulation and coregulation in romantic couples using daily selfreports of positive and negative affect we fit these data using a damped linear oscillator MM specified as a latent differential equation to investigate affect dynamics at the individual level and coupled influences for the partners in each couple results indicate an absence of damping of relationshipspecific affect within individuals in the sample when both positive and negative affect are modeled at the individual level the influence of positive affect is greater than that of negative affect at the dyad level the findings indicate coupled influences in both positive and negative affect between partners wiry flow apnea or upper airway airflow limitation hypopnea with increased respiratory muscle activity which is repeatedly observed during sleep HT has been described as a rare cause of osas but it is considered to be the main cause of PLB disorders during sleep in patients in whom an improvement of osas is observed T3 thyroid HRT therapy nevertheless euthyreosis due to thyroxine replacement in patients with osas often does not improve the PLB disorder and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure is usually applied the aim of this study was to assess thyroid function in patients with osas we studied patients in whom severe osas was diagnosed the mean apneahypopnea index was most of the patients were obese mean bmi ± kgm and had EDS ess ± with the thyroid stimulating hormone tsh concentration as the major criterion HT was diagnosed in and hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in patients analysis of basic anthropometric data selected PSG results and tsh ft and ft values did not reveal any significant correlations in conclusion the incidence of thyroid CF disorders seems to be no different in osas than that in the GA population we did not find correlations between tsh activity and the severity of PLB disorders during sleep
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baroreceptor CF was measured in HT by plotting the change in pulse interval against a phenylephrineinduced transient rise in systolic blood pressure the influence of propranolol mg daily for at least weeks on this function and on HR rate T3 maximal exercise was studied and correlated with the plasma propranolol level in out of the patients only baroreflex resetting occurred with no NC in sensitivity during propranolol administration a definite correlation was found between the degree of betaadrenergic blockade expressed as the reduction in maximal exercise heart rate and the change in MAP pressure no relation could be shown between plasma propranolol steady state C2 and these changes the fall in blood pressure during betaadrenergic blockade with a low dosage of propranolol apparently does not depend on ch removing one of these sensory consequences the PET sensory consequence was designated as a childs preferred sensory reinforcer in phase we assessed whether children would play selectively with toys producing the preferred kind of sensory stimulation the results showed the following selfstimulatory SMB was found to be maintained by sensory reinforcement when the sensory reinforcer was removed selfstimulation extinguished the sensory reinforcers identified for selfstimulatory SMB also served as reinforcers for new AGA toy play the multiple treatment gains observed appeared to be relatively durable in the absence of external reinforcers for play or restraints on selfstimulation these results illustrate one instance in which multiple behavior change may be programmed in a predictable lawful fashion by using NK communities of sensory reinforcement
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glycoasparaginase was purified fold from human urine the enzyme is a tetrameric protein of kda composed of two HCs kda and two light chains kda its structure and properties are very similar to those of human leukocyte glycoasparaginase glycoasparaginase activity is totally absent from urine of aspartylglycosaminuria patients
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histamineinduced catalepsy was antagonized potently by scopolamine an antimuscarinic drug and partially blocked by sparteine neither methylatropine nor antinicotinic drugs could reverse histamineinduced catalepsy these results indicate the greater importance of M2 rather than their nicotinic counterparts in histamineinduced catalepsy various antiparkinson drugs ie biperiden and trihexyphenidyl which have antimuscarinic activity or dopamine agonists ie ldopa amantadine and bromocriptine could antagonize the histamineinduced catalepsy to various degrees thus catalepsy induced by icv histamine can be evoked not only by an activation of the histamine receptor but also indirectly due to cholinergic and DA imbalance
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CP is the progressive and permanent destruction of the pancreas resulting in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and often chronic disabling pain the etiology is multifactorial ALC plays a significant role in adults whereas genetic and structural defects predominate in children the average age at diagnosis is to years morbidity and mortality are secondary to chronic pain and complications eg diabetes pancreatic CA CECT is the radiographic test of choice for diagnosis with ductal calcifications being pathognomonic newer modalities such as endoscopic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography provide diagnostic results similar to those of ERCP management begins with lifestyle modifications eg cessation of alcohol and tobacco use and dietary changes followed by analgesics and pancreatic enzyme supplementation before proceeding with endoscopic or surgical interventions physicians and patients should weigh the risks and benefits of each procedure therapeutic endoscopy is indicated for symptomatic or complicated pseudocyst biliary obstruction and decompression of pancreatic duct surgical procedures include decompression for large duct disease pancreatic duct dilatation of mm or more and resection for small duct disease lateral PJ is the most commonly performed surgery in patients with C1 duct disease pancreatoduodenectomy is indicated for the treatment of CP with pancreatic head enlargement patients with chronic one are at increased risk of pancreatic neoplasm regular surveillance is sometimes advocated but formal guidelines and evidence of clinical benefit are lacking
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mammalian osteoclasts express three Int receptorsalpha v beta vitronectin CD25 beta and alpha v beta the vitronectin receptor recognizes bone matrix proteins including bone sialoproteins in an rgddependent manner whereas adhesion to collagen involves beta integrins interference with Int function by antireceptor antibodies or rgdpeptides blocks bone resorption data on the mechanism of OCL adhesion to sialoproteins and the differential synthesis of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein by osteoclasts is presented thus osteoclasts adhere to both osteopontin and bone sialoprotein with a characteristic irregular morphology with numerous peripherally placed actinrich podosomes adhesion is predominantly rgd and beta dependent though alpha v beta may also be involved in adhesion to bone sialoprotein kqagd and agdv but not h fibrinogen MMP induce osteoclast rounding on osteopontin suggesting there is an alternative antiadhesive signal to rgd however adhesion is not CR inhibited and is not TPS for osteopontin as equivalent effects are seen with adhesion to SS the role of sialoproteins in osteoclast adhesion in situ in the skeleton is complicated by the finding of endogenous synthesis of osteopontin but not BSP by osteoclasts the disposition of OCL integrins during resorption and the role of integrins and sialoproteinderived peptides in osteoclast adhesion and CF is also reviewed
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modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with oglcnac regulates a wide variety of cellular processes and has been linked to human diseases the enzymes oglcnac transferase ogt and oglcnacase oga add and remove oglcnac but the mechanisms regulating their expression remain unclear here we demonstrate that PR of the fourth intron of ogt is regulated in response to oglcnac levels we further define a conserved intronic ESS iss that is necessary for ogt intron PR deletion of the iss in colon cancer cells leads to increases in ogt but oglcnac homeostasis is maintained by concomitant increases in oga protein however the issdeleted cells are hypersensitive to oga inhibition in culture and in soft agar moreover growth of xenograft tumors from issdeleted cells is compromised in mice treated with an oga inhibitor thus issmediated regulation of ogt intron retention is a key component in ogt expression and maintaining oglcnac homeostasis
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this investigation was designed to determine the contribution of the exercise pressor reflex to the resetting of the carotid baroreflex during exercise ten subjects performed min of static onelegged exercise maximal voluntary contraction and min dynamic cycling maximal oxygen uptake under two conditions control no MI and with the application of medical antishock mas trousers inflated to mmhg to activate the exercise pressor reflex CBR CF was determined at rest and during exercise using a rapid neck pressureneck suction technique during exercise the application of mas trousers mas condition increased mean arterial pressure map pNA dynamic exercise only and perceived exertion dynamic exercise only when compared to control p no effect of the mas condition was evident at rest the mas condition had no effect on HR rate hr plasma lactate and adrenaline concentrations or oxygen uptake at rest and during exercise the carotid baroreflex stimulusresponse curve was reset upward on the response arm and rightward to a higher operating pressure by control exercise without alterations in gain activation of the exercise pressor reflex by mas trousers further reset carotid baroreflex control of map as indicated by the upward and rightward relocation of the curve however CBR control of hr was only shifted rightward to higher operating pressures by mas trousers the sensitivity of the carotid baroreflex was unaltered by exercise pressor reflex activation these findings suggest that during dynamic and static exercise the exercise pressor reflex is capable of actively resetting carotid baroreflex control of MAP pressure however it would appear only to modulate CBR control of HR rate
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DCS results from formation of bubbles in the arterial and A-V system resulting in spinal disseminated neurodegenerative changes and may clinically be presented by motor dysfunction spinal segmental stretch hyperreflexia ie spasticity and muscle rigidity in our current study we describe a rat model of spinal air embolism characterized by the development of similar spinal disseminated neurodegenerative changes and functional deficit in addition the antispastic potency of SVR ampa receptor antagonist ngx or gaba b IL-1ra baclofen treatment was studied to induce spinal PAE animals received an intraaortic injection of air μlkg T3 embolism the OD of spasticity was measured using computercontrolled ankle rotation animals receiving or μl of intraaortic air i.v. displayed motor dysfunction with developed spastic of animals or flaccid of animals paraplegia at days mri and spinal histopathological analysis showed disseminated spinal cord infarcts in the lower thoracic to sacral spinal segments treatment with ngx or baclofen provided a potent antispasticity effect ie stretch hyperreflexia inhibition this MM appears to provide a valuable exp tool to T0 the pathophysiology of air embolisminduced spinal injury and permits the assessment of new treatment tau targeted to modulate neurological PS resulting from spinal PAE
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the increased expression of bone morphogenic protein bmp under hyperglycemic and diabetic conditions mediates the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species to cause endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis protein carbonylation plays an important role in oxidant signaling through ligandreceptor interactions in V1 smooth muscle cells cardiac cells and bronchial smooth muscle cells to trigger different diseases however the role of oxidant signaling via protein carbonylation in EC dysfunction is unclear the level of protein carbonylation was higher in renal arteries from diabetic patients than those from nondiabetic subjects bmp promoted protein carbonylation which was followed by decarbonylation or degradation in primary rat aortic endothelial cells organ culture of normal cblj mouse aortas treated with either hydralazine or deferoxamine inhibited the effect of bmp on impairment of acetylcholineinduced endotheliumdependent relaxation edr in isolated diabetic dbdb mouse aortas treatment with hydralazine improved the impaired edr while deferoxamine had no effect bmpinduced carbonylated proteins in aortic endothelial cells were successfully identified by a proteomic approach these proteins have important cellular functions and include glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase triosephosphate isomerase alphaenolase protein disulfideisomerase a annexin ii s protease regulatory subunit integrinlinked protein kinase and vimentin protein carbonylation induced by bmp was inhibited by bmp antagonist while protein decarbonylation induced by bmp was thiol dependent the carbonyl signals did not involve hydrononenal and malondialdehyde the present results suggest that bmp or diabetesmediated endothelial dysfunction is partly triggered through protein carbonylation and blockade of this metalcatalyzed PO can be considered as an alternative therapeutic strategy to alleviate diabetic vasculopathy
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two thousand one hundred and thirtyfive cases of trophoblastic disease were registered in kanagawa prefecture in years from to the incidence of trophoblastic diseases hydatidiform mole PM invasive mole CC and persistent trophoblastic disease ptd was and respectively per live births the incidence was constant for years and did not differ significantly from that of prefectures in japan in kanagawa the incidence of hydatidiform mole was less and that of PM was more than those in the prefectures the incidence of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma was lower and that of ptd was higher than those in the prefectures total incidence of invasive mole CC and ptd was higher in the western part of japan and lower in the eastern and RNA parts kanagawa prefecture is between these two regions the distribution by age of hydatidiform mole was high in yo and over yo the CSD by age of partial mole tended to be similar to that of hydatidiform mole but less remarkable the CSD by age of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma had peaks of yo and yo the distribution by age of ptd was between that of hydatidiform mole and CC
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neoangiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis are two factors considered as major leading causes of tumorigenesis no synthesized by nos plays an important role in TG dissemination and vascularization caspase is an executive enzyme of apoptosis the presented research work has been focused on the comparative evaluation of localization of the angiogenic and proapoptotic cytokines expressed in tonsillar diseases the immunohistochemical reaction of enos inos and caspase in tonsillar CA n chronic tonsillitis n and clinically healthy tonsils n was detected high enos occurrence in endothelial cells of highly vascularized regions in tonsillar cancer variable enos expression in the vessels of lamina propria in chronic tonsillitis and high expression in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of small veins in healthy tonsillar tissue was ascertained increased inos expression was found in CA tissue in comparison with the healthy tonsils nevertheless the highest expression of inos was found in CT higher expression of caspase was discovered in germinal centres of LF of the CT tissue however the positivity in the interfollicular zone and surface squamous epithelium was weak only merely isolated caspasepositive cells were found in tonsillar CA very low expression of ICE was detected in the lymphatic follicles of the healthy tonsils research results showed high expression of enos in the carcinomatous tissue the enos expression in chronic tonsillitis confirms its role in regulating the lymphocyte circulation low expression of caspase in malignant epithelial cells of tonsillar cancer shows decreased capability of apoptosis compared to CT tissue where apoptosis seems to be rather frequent and concentrated in the germinal centres of lymphatic follicles the differences in localization of enos and ICE expression between benign and malignant processes may be a promising tool for precise morphological distinction of chronic inflammation and tumours
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during zebrafish OD the thyroid primordium initiates expression of molecular markers such as hhex and nka in the endoderm prior to pharynx formation as expected for an endodermally derived organ initiation of thyroid OD depends on nodal signalling we find that it also depends on three downstream effectors of nodal activity casanova cas bonnie and clyde bon and faust faugata despite their early nodaldependent expression in the endoderm both hhex and nka are only required relatively late during thyroid OD in hhex and nka lossoffunction phenotypes thyroid development is initiated and arrests only after the primordium has evaginated from the pharyngeal epithelium thus like pax both hhex and nka have similarly late roles in differentiation or growth of thyroid follicular cells and here we show that all three genes act in parallel rather than in a single pathway our functional analysis suggests that these genes have similar roles as in mammalian thyroid development albeit in a different temporal mode of organogenesis
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reduction in the expression of TPS genes through small interfering rnas sirnas is dependent on the colocalization of sirnas with other components of the rna interference rnai pathways within the cell the expression of sirnas within cells from cassettes that are derived from genes transcribed by rna polymerase iii pol iii and provide for selective subcellular CSD of their products can be used to direct sirnas to the cellular pathways expression from the human u promoter resulting in sirna accumulation in the nucleus is effective in reducing gene expression whereas cytoplasmic and nucleolar localization of the sirna when expressed from the s or sl promoters is not ERP the distribution of sirna within the cell is determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization although the long uninterrupted duplex of sirna makes it difficult to detect with dna oligonucleotide probes labeled oligonucleotide probes with omethyl rna backbones provide the stability needed for a strong signal these methods contribute to studies of the interconnected cellular rnai pathways and are useful in adapting rnai as a tool to determine gene function and develop rnabased therapeutics
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over the last three decades in response to a rise in substance use in the region many countries in east and southeast asia responded by establishing laws and policies that allowed for compulsory detention in the name of treatment for people who use drugs these centers have recently come under international scrutiny with a call for their closure in a joint statement from united nations entities in march the uns response was a result of concern for human rights violations including the lack of consent for treatment and due process protections for compulsory detention the lack of GA healthcare and evidence based drug dependency treatment and in some centers of forced labor and PCS and sexual abuse united nations a few countries have responded to this call with evidence of an evolving response for communitybased voluntary treatment however progress is likely going to be hampered by existing laws and policies the lack of skilled human resource and infrastructure to rapidly establish evidence based community treatment centers in place of these detention centers pervasive stigmatization of people who use drugs and the ongoing tensions between the abstinencebased model of treatment as compared to harm reduction approaches in many of these affected countries
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we studied in anesthetized cats the VR to acute BL under hyperoxic isocapnic conditions from a blood pressure of approximately down to approximately mm hg ventilation increased on the average by times the VR was characterized by two phases there was an initial phase down to a pb approximately mm hg of increase in frequency due to an excitatory effect on bulbopontine respiratory timing which was estimated from the duration of breaths following occlusion of the airways at the end expiratory volume this effect was mainly due to the withdrawal of inhibitory afferents from the baroreceptors of the aortic arch to this phase corresponded the phase of vasomotor compensation subsequently there was a phase of excitatory effect on the respiratory SO which was estimated from the rate of NC of the pressure developed in the airways during occluded breaths this effect was mainly due to afferents from carotid sinuses a minor role was due to the decrease in inhibitory afferents from carotid baroreceptors while the greater part was likely to be due to the hypoxic stimulation of glomus cells due to reduced blood flow following vagotomy above the superior laryngeal and sinus denervation the excitatory effect on respiratory timing and output were reduced to about of that observed in IN cats
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early puberty ep has been defined as the onset of puberty in the lownormal range it may be a cause for concern regarding a possible impairment of adult height ah this paper metaanalysed data on ah after spontaneous growth or after gonadotropinreleasing hormone gnrh analog treatment in girls with ep a computerized literature search was conducted from to june only published studies in english were considered eight papers were selected cases in UT girls n predicted adult height pah at start of followup sds ci to p was close to midparental height mph sds ci to p and ah sds ci to p in gnrh analog treated girls n pah before the start of treatment was slightly reduced sds ci to p vs mph sds ci to p but ah sds ci to p was close to mph
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antiphospholipid antibodies apl have been reported not only in autoimmune disorders but also in various infectious diseases accumulating evidence indicates that beta glycoprotein i betagpi and prothrombin are the main proteins to which autoimmune apl bind the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different apl in patients with leprosy rare cause of myocardial infarction it is a condition with greater prevalence in young women particularly in the peripartum or early postpartum period it also has been described following intense physical exercise the pathophysiologic characteristics remain unclear unlike atherosclerotic intimal dissection the dissection plane lies within the media or between the media and adventitia we describe a case of spontaneous coronary i.a. dissection in a yr old menstruating woman with mitral valve prolapse who experienced acute myocardial infarction after twisting and throwing a heavy piece of luggage coronary angiography showed coronary artery dissection in a left anterior descending coronary artery at the point of its emergence from its intramural course an intimal PI with one and reduced timi i flow was demonstrated the patient was treated with continued glycoprotein iibiiia inhibitor infusion angiographic resolution with return of prompt timi iii flow was noted optimal management of spontaneous coronary i.a. dissection has not been established and may vary depending upon the presence of intimal versus extramural compromise coronary artery bypass stenting and thrombolysis have been successful and also have failed owing to extension of dissection our patient is the first reported patient to have received tirofiban therapy in the context of SCAD medical therapy has been used most often and angiographic resolution has been documented at days mo and yr we document the earliest case of spontaneous angiographic resolutionwithin hr
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sympathetic responses to provocative tests have shown to provide an early prognosis of abnormalities in the human ANS PPG signal characteristics have been studied to identify V1 diseases however knowledge about the pulseadded arterial volume of the photoplethysmographic waveforms during these clinical investigations is limited in all normotensive adults men were recruited to perform provocative test postural changes and resistive breathing activities with PPG signals being monitored on the upper and lower peripheries using customized devices in all parameters derived from the PPG waveforms that related to the pulsatile tissue blood volume changes were then assessed the results obtained showed that amplituderelated parameters during these MICs showed significant changes p however comparison of pulseadded arterial volume showed insignificant changes p for all test settings hence the findings herein suggest that there is clinical potential in using this aspect of the PPG waveform
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in this study lipid fermentation wastewater fermentation broth after separation with yeast biomass with high COD cod value of mgl was used as substrate for bacterial cellulose bc production by gluconacetobacter xylinus for the first time T3 days of fermentation the highest bc yield gl was obtained both monosaccharide and polysaccharides present in lipid fermentation wastewater could be utilized by g xylinus simultaneously during fermentation by this bioconversion of cod could be removed T3 days of fermentation and the remaining wastewater could be used for further bc fermentation the crystallinity of bc samples in lipid fermentation wastewater increased gradually during fermentation but overall the environment of lipid fermentation wastewater showed small influence on bc structure by comparison with that in traditional hs medium by using fesem ftir and xrd by this work the possibility of using lipid fermentation wastewater containing low value carbohydrate polymer extracellular polysaccharides for high value carbohydrate CP bc production was proven
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disposition characteristics of model macromolecules with different physicochemical characteristics and macromolecular prodrugs of MMC c namely mitomycin cdextran conjugates were studied in tissueisolated RT S9 of walker carcinoma with the use of a singlepass V1 perfusion technique in constant infusion experiments all radiolabeled macromolecules accumulated in the RT tissue but the degree and DP of distribution greatly varied depending on their electric charges positively charged macromolecules were markedly accumulated compared with those that were neutral or negatively charged in addition their concentrations were significantly higher in viable than in necrotic regions while neutral and negative EDC were distributed in necrotic rather than in viable regions pharmacokinetic analysis of tissue concentrationtime courses of positively charged diethylaminoethyl and neutral dextrans showed that their movement occurred by convective fluid flow and that high tissue accumulation of positively charged macromolecules could be explained by strong IB due to electrostatic interaction for neutral and anionic macromolecules with negligible affinity to the tissue it was suggested that the final concentration gradient between the viable and necrotic regions was decided by their tissue fluid content thus the present study revealed the basic disposition characteristics of macromolecules in RT tissue relative to their physicochemical properties
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studies have shown that human neonates who develop group b streptococcal sepsis usually lack opsonic antibody ab to their infecting CS and that these neonates may also have impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte pmn function the present study was designed to determine the tau of administration of pmns or opsonic abcontaining serum in protecting against group b streptococcal infection in a newborn rat MM after intraperitoneal ip injection of congruent to x streptococci animals received separate ip i.v. of saline SS lacking opsonic antibody ab negative ab positive SS or washed AD human pmns x the mortality rate in neonatal rats infected with GBS who received saline or ab negative SS was in contrast animals who received AD human pmns at the time of inoculation had a survival rate of p less than human serum containing opsonic antibody also provided significant protection against mortality in this model survival rate p less than leukocytes from normal term neonates stressed neonates or ones pretreated with cytochalasin b offered les protection than did PET adult human cell p less than
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the singular canal transmits the posterior ampullary nerve between the VPI part of the internal AEP canal iac and ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal the anatomy of the singular canal was studied in temporal bone dissections in surgical dissections and in highresolution computerized tomography scans measurements were taken for distances between the origin of the singular canal in the iac the porus acousticus the vestibule and posterior canal ampulla the location and importance of the singular canal are demonstrated for retrosigmoidiac vestibular neurectomy retrosigmoid acoustic neuroma surgery and transcochlear cochleovestibular neurectomy the main purpose for the use of the retrosigmoid RPA to the IAC during vestibular neurectomy and excision of acoustic neuromas is preservation of hearing a L1 concern when the contents of the IAC are exposed through this RPA is fenestration of the labyrinth which results in sensorineural hearing loss in the retrosigmoid approach the singular canal has been found to be a vital landmark in prevention of fenestration during surgery of the internal AEP canal
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we examined the PET role of braking forces observed when humans execute turning maneuvers deceleration caused by braking forces contributes to changing the movement direction of the center of mass com and maintaining constant velocity we argue that braking forces also prevent overrotation of the body about the vertical axis during maneuvers we analyzed data from sidestep and crossover cuts at average initial running velocities of m s absent braking lateral forces would result in body rotations times the change in com movement direction causing the orientation of the body to be substantially misaligned with the direction of movement at the end of the step a simple MM based on the hypothesis that body rotation should match com deflection can explain of the variance in braking forces employed during running turns
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child health in the united kingdom has improved markedly over recent decades but has failed to match health gains and reductions in mortality achieved by other EU countries child poverty and inequalities are rising in the united kingdom the national health service nhs is a universally accessible health service funded by taxation and is free at the point of use the nhs is undergoing substantial reform aiming to improve care quality and experience meet rshowing an earlier downregulation in the spinal cord in immunohistochemistry a large number of gray matter structures were vgf cterminus immunoreactive in control mice including nerve terminals axons and a few perikarya identified as motoneurons with a striking reduction already in the presymptomatic stage through gel chromatography and spectrometry analysis we identified one form likely to be the vgf F0 as well as peptides containing the napp sequence in all tissues studied while in the mice and fibroblasts we revealed also aqee and tlqp peptides taken together selective vgf fragment depletion may participate in disease onset andor progression of als
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the lowfrequency hz microphonic potentials at the RW and in the OC of the first turn of the guinea pig cochlea have been measured before and T3 acoustic overstimulation reductions in the amplitude of this microphonic after loud sound are highly correlated with neural threshold elevation in this region the fall in the microphonic amplitude appears due to an inactivation of mechanoelectrical transduction channels at the apex of the outer hair cells into a closed state these results are consistent with the idea that the current through the outer hair cells controls the mechanical sensitivity of the OC and that the temporary loss of mechanical and neural sensitivity following loud sound is due to a simple inactivation of the MET channels
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the btype haem centres of the three alpha beta and gamma S1 nitrate reductase from paracoccus denitrificans have been analysed by redox potentiometry two components were identified with Tm potentials mv and mv washing in the absence of mg ions of cytoplasmic membrane LDV from p denitrificans promoted selective PR of nitrate reductase activity the released enzyme was purified by chromatography and shown to contain alpha and beta but not gamma polypeptides a haem spectrum was absent consistent with the lack of the gamma S1 the alpha and beta polypeptides of the watersoluble nitrate reductase had M(r) that were MZ to those of the detergentpurified enzyme and also of the nitrate reductase in cytoplasmic CM this observation together with the failure of protease inhibitors to prevent release from thbetalactamaseproducing strains and strains that are resistant to tetracycline and chlamydia spp use of ciprofloxacin for treating gastrointestinal infections and for SD of the gastrointestinal tract is promising in open studies ciprofloxacin has been effective against a variety of infections caused by susceptible organisms resistance to ciprofloxacin has developed during treatment of infections caused by ps aeruginosa staph aureus and serratia marcescens the most frequently reported adverse effects of either drug are gastrointestinal complaints headache and dizzinessabstract truncated at words
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the open new simplified totally extraperitoneal onstep technique for the repair of inguinal hernia was presented some years ago with promising initial results regarding CP we conducted a randomized CT investigating the onstep technique versus the lichtenstein technique with focus on postoperative pain the aim of this paper was to report the results regarding CP from followup at and months for the participants in the onstep versus lichtenstein trial
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altered intestinal oglycan expression has been observed in patients with ulcerative colitis and colorectal CA but the role of this alteration in the etiology of these diseases is unknown oglycans in mucin core proteins are the predominant components of the intestinal mucus which comprises part of the intestinal mucosal barrier core derived oglycans which are one of the L1 types of oglycans are primarily expressed in the colon to investigate the biological function of core derived oglycans we engineered mice lacking core betanacetylglucosaminyltransferase cgnt an enzyme predicted to be important in the synthesis of core derived oglycans disruption of the cgnt gene eliminated core derived oglycans cgntdeficient mice displayed a discrete colonspecific reduction in muc protein and increased permeability of the intestinal barrier moreover these mice were highly susceptible to exp triggers of colitis and colorectal adenocarcinoma these data reveal a requirement for core derived oglycans in resistance to colonic disease
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CHB virus hbv infection is a major cause of chronic CL disease and CA worldwide the mechanisms of viral genome sensing and the evasion of innate immune responses by hbv infection are still poorly understood recently the cyclic guanosine monophosphateadenosine monophosphate synthase cgas was identified as a dna sensor in this T0 we investigated the functional role of cgas in sensing hbv infection and elucidate the mechanisms of viral evasion we performed PET studies including lossoffunction and gainoffunction experiments combined with cgas effector mRNA profiling in an infectious CC MM primary human hepatocytes and hbvinfected human liver chimeric mice here we show that cgas is expressed in the human liver primary human HCs and human liver chimeric mice while naked relaxedcircular hbv dna is sensed in a cgasdependent manner in hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes host cell recognition of viral nucleic acids is abolished during hbv infection suggesting escape from sensing likely during packaging of the genome into the viral capsid while the hepatocyte cgas pathway is functionally active as shown by reduction of viral covalently closed circular dna levels in gainoffunction studies hbv infection suppressed cgas expression and CF in CC models and humanized mice conclusion hbv exploits multiple strategies to evade sensing and antiviral activity of cgas and its effector pathways
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this report draws attention to pitfalls that may be encountered in histologic diagnosis of early stages of pemphigus vulgaris a man is described who had clinical and histologic features of bullous pemphigoid to begin with and later typical features of PV intercellular antibodies were demonstrable by direct immunofluorescence from the beginning
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the influence of exhaustive stretchshortening cycle exercise ssc on skeletal muscle blood flow bf during exercise is currently unknown
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treatment with hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a hmgcoa reductase inhibitors has been accompanied by a reduced risk of cardiovascular events rapid onset of clinical benefit and weak correlations between plasma LD lipoproteincholesterol levels and coronary lumen change or cardiovascular events indicates that nonlipid mechanisms are involved in this beneficial effects with hmgcoa reductase inhibitors furthermore more rapid onset of clinical benefit with hmgcoa reductase inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndromes or acute myocardial infarction than in those with stable coronary HR disease suggest that hmgcoa reductase inhibitors facilitate repair of ruptured or ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque facilitate PI stabilization andor reduce thrombus formation on ruptured plaques treatment with hmgcoa reductase inhibitors improved endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypercholesterolemia and this improvement in EC function was not correlated with reduction in total serum cholesterol C2 similarly reduction in EC preproendothelin mrna expression and endothelin synthesis and blood pressure lowering with hmgcoa reductase inhibitors occurred independent of lipidlowering finally hmgcoa reductase inhibitors increased eNOS levels ie upregulated EC nitric oxide synthetase expression via posttranscriptional mechanisms and prevented its downregulation by Ox ldlc hmgcoa reductase inhibitors have been shown to modulate the immune response by inhibiting activation of immunecompetent cells such as macrophages and antigen presentation to macrophages by t cells treatment with hmgcoa reductase inhibitors can reduce expression production and circulating C2 of chemokines mo chemoattractant protein and Th1 cytokines tumor CN factoralpha interleukin il and ilbeta hmgcoa reductase inhibitors reduced inflammation in human atheroma significantly fewer macrophages and t cells less oxidized ldlc and higher collagen content in addition treatment with hmgcoa reductase inhibitor led to decreased cell death within the atheroma treatment with these agents also reduced expression of inducible cellular adhesion molecules decreased secretion of metalloproteinases by macrophages reduced V1 smooth muscle cell apoptosis lastly hmgcoa reductase inhibitors appear to have important effects on the thrombogenesis reduced expression of tissue factor production and activity increased production of tissue factor package inhibitor decreased platelet thrombus formation and improved fibrinolysis as a result of lowered plasminogen activator inhibitor C2 as the pluripotential cardioprotective mechanisms of hmgcoa reductase inhibitors are further elucidated it is envisaged that treatment with hmgcoa reductase inhibitors will be initiated earlier and more frequently in patients with hypercholesterolemia
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although human cytomegalovirus cmv is one of the most common causes of viral intrauterine and perinatal infection its CSD in the placenta is poorly understood the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of cmv dna positivity in placentas to demonstrate the localization of the viral genome and to identify the clinical features related to placental cmv a total of placentas from mothers were investigated and the MS cmv immunoglobulin antibodies were measured specimens from both the placental parenchyma and the placental membrane close to the ruptured site in each placenta were examined for the presence of cmv dna using dot blot hybridization after pcr amplification none of placentas from seronegative mothers was positive for cmv dna of placentas from seropositive mothers had cmv dna in either the parenchyma or the membrane by dot blot analysis in situ hybridization was carried out on these placentas and the localization of the viral genome was established in cmv dna was localized mostly to the villi including the mesenchyme and trophoblasts extravillous trophoblasts and decidual cells the mean gestational age at delivery was significantly later in the cmv dnapositive placentas than in the negative placentas vs weeks p cmv dna was detected in only of placentas delivered in the second trimester and all six were associated with either severe maternal nephritis or severe CAM these results suggest that the cmv genome is common in placentas at later gestational ages and in those of earlier gestational ages with certain maternal complications
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the purpose of this T0 was to investigate the potential value of threedimensional ultrasound for the assessment of normal uterine anatomy and the diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies a total of patients with a PH of RM or infertility and who had previously been investigated by HSG were recruited into the T0 they first underwent a conventional twodimensional transvaginal ultrasound scan at the end of the examination threedimensional ultrasound volumes were recorded and stored in the machine computer memory the examination of planar reformatted sections was than used for the assessment of uterine morphology and the diagnosis of congenital anomalies on threedimensional scanning the most useful plane was a transverse section through the whole length of the uterus from the fundus to the cervix hysterosalpingography showed a normal uterus in patients an arcuate uterus in nine and a L1 F0 defect in three cases five patients had C1 fibroids which were distorting the uterine cavity goodquality twodimensional ultrasound images were obtained in and threedimensional images in cases all poor images were caused by C1 uterine fibroids comparison between hysterosalpingography and ultrasound showed that five falsepositive diagnoses of arcuate uterus and three of major uterine anomalies were made on 2DE scans threedimensional ultrasound agreed with HSG in all cases of arcuate uterus and major congenital anomalies the ability to visualize both the uterine cavity and the myometrium on a threedimensional scan facilitated the diagnosis of uterine anomalies and enabled easy differentiation between subseptate and bicornuate uteri
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in caruso reported data from the level TC in newark NJ documenting an ominous trend toward the use of larger caliber firearms in accidents homicides and suicides those data were derived from measurements of bullets removed from our trauma patients and submitted to the surgical pathology laboratory from through we further document this trend with measurements of similar source bullets from through during the same time we recorded mortality among gunshot wound victims treated at our trauma center bullets submitted to surgical pathology during the years through were measured with a millimeter rule to determine caliber or transverse diameter a total of bullets were studied in this year period bullets deformed beyond measurability approximately and shotgun pellets were excluded from our T0 bullet calibers were expressed in terms of mean plus or minus standard error x se mortality figures were derived from analysis of medical records concerning the outcomes all victims of gunshot wounds e e treated at our hospital during the years studied and expressed as percentages linear regression of mean bullet caliber over time was performed and analysis of variance was used to assess statistical significance of apparent differences in mortality bullet caliber continued to increase from to mm during the year observation period LR reveals r p mortality ranged from per cent to per cent but the differences were not significant p these data support a continued trend toward the use of larger caliber firearms in accidents homicides and suicides mortality does not change during this time and presumably because of improvements in treatment from resuscitation to definitive surgery and its convalescence
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combined spinal EPI anesthesia has become increasingly popular as a method of providing rapid ON of analgesia or surgical block with access for further administration of analgesics or anesthetics no in vivo studies have evaluated the relationship between dural puncture and drug transfer from the EPI space to the CSF fluid csf to determine whether morphine administered in the epidural space adjacent to a dural puncture results in increased csf concentrations at the cisterna magna cm AD ewes were studied each animal was assigned to one of three CG animals in group served as a control and received no dural puncture animals in group received a dural puncture with a gauge g whitacre needle while group animals received a dural puncture with an g tuohy needle one hour T3 dural puncture each animal was given epidural morphine mgkg six hours T3 the administration of EPI morphine csf from the cm was sampled and analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry for morphine concentration the mean morphine concentration at the cm for group control was ngml whereas animals with g and g dural punctures had concentrations of ngml and ngml respectively p these data demonstrate that a significant increase in csf morphine concentration at the BS will occur when lumbar EPI morphine is administered adjacent to a dural puncture furthermore the increase in csf morphine concentration is positively correlated with the size of the needle producing the dural puncture these findings highlight the potential for delayed respiratory depression when epidural opiate administration follows a dural puncture
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attack on dna by some reactive nitrogen species results in deamination of adenine and guanine leading to the formation of hypoxanthine and xanthine respectively published levels of these products in cellular dna have varied widely although these two deamination products are often measured by gcms analysis the procedure of acid hydrolysis to PR dna bases for derivatization poses a risk of artifactual deamination of the dna in this study we demonstrated the artifactual formation of these two deamination products during acid hydrolysis and hence developed a method for detecting and measuring deoxyinosine the nucleoside of hypoxanthine our CA for deoxyinosine employs nuclease p and alkaline phosphatase to achieve PR of the nucleosides from dna followed by hplc prepurification with subsequent gcms analysis of the nucleosides this assay detected an increase in the C2 of deoxyinosine in dna when commercial salmon testis dna was treated with nitrous acid we also used it to measure levels in various rat tissues of both normal and endotoxintreated rats but could not find increased deoxyinosine formation in tissues even though no production was substantially increased
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the association of an antidinitrophenyl monoclonal antibody and its fab fragment with supported phospholipid monolayers composed of a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dinitrophenylconjugated dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine has been characterized with TIR fluorescence microscopy the surface densities of bound antibodies were measured as a function of the antibody and fab solution concentrations and as a CF of the solution concentration of dinitrophenylglycine the apparent association constant of fab fragments with surfaceassociated haptens was approximately fold lower than the association constant for haptens in solution and the apparent surface association constant for intact antibodies was only approximately fold higher than the constant for fab fragments data analysis with simple theoretical models indicated that at most antibody surface densities of membraneassociated intact antibodies were attached to the surface by two antigen IB CS
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electromyographic SPs in response to chin taps during clench were recorded from the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles ten CR denture wearers were observed up to the year stage of denture wear and eight patients up to the year stage silent periods were also recorded from patients clenching on paper rolls in place of the dentures regarding the patterns of the SPs similar observations of double SPs were made as in our previous T0 up to the halfyear stage of denture wear mccall tallgren ash the frequency of the double silent periods was at the year stage and at the year stage the mean duration of the silent periods did not differ significantly at the year and year stages the mean silent period duration when clenching on paper rolls without dentures in the mouth was significantly shorter than when clenching with the dentures
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SE to mercury can cause serious multiorgan damage affecting the central nervous system kidneys liver lungs spleen bone marrow and skin at the end of the summer of the accidental leakage of liters of mercury from a container into the waterway canals resulted in mass SE to elemental mercury among the residents of a building block of a residential area of the city of shiraz in the south of iran one hundred and eleven individuals who experienced exposure to Hg0 were investigated twentyfourhour measurement of the urine mercury levelrevealed a toxic level of more than microgl in children and adults including a Pr woman despite normal PCS and laboratory cbc renal and LF tests and urinalysis findings dimercaprol was prescribed one month later during the course of the followup the urine mercury level in patients including the pregnant woman from the same family was found to be again at a toxic level the pregnant mother from the same family aborted her fetus however due to the lack of equipment for measuring the SS mercury level it was not possible to confirm the relation between the mercury toxicity and the abortion this family had kept mercury in their kitchen against health workers instructions the attractive physical and chemical properties of mercury could explain the continuity of SE and poisoning in these cases it is concluded that prophylactic therapy in the presence of toxic levels of mercury despite the presence of an asymptomatic state in exposed residents is ERP in preventing the development of signs and symptoms though instruction of highrisk cases is the best way to combat it
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a set of pentanucleotides was investigated by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with the focus on the fragmentation mechanism results reveal new aspects of the fragmentation mechanism of modified and unmodified oligonucleotides and demonstrate the influence of the nucleobases on the decomposition of oligonucleotides adeninerich oligonucleotides fragment easily resulting in abundant peaks corresponding to the dnatypical ab and wions on the other hand thymine was found to have a stabilizing effect which is reflected by the preferred formation of the wions and the relatively low abundance of shorter wions upon dissociation of pentanucleotides data from investigation of the formation of wions support a betaelimination mechanism results obtained by investigation of oligonucleotides with an AP site confirm this mechanism which is independent of nucleobase loss experiments with MP oligonucleotides show a remarkable NC in the fragmentation DP due to the modification it was found that charges are located on the nucleobases and initiate the fragmentation mechanism the stability of the oligonucleotide is reduced and no abfragment ions are formed wherever there is a methylphosphonate group within the backbone this fact also demonstrates that fragmentation is locally controlled
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with the aim of evaluating whether cholecystectomy causes an increase in duodenogastric reflux dgr patient males and females mean age years were examined before and months after cholecystectomy dgr was evaluated by assaying total and individual biliary acids in gastric juice and was expressed as fasting bile reflux fbr in mumolh the histology of gastric mucosa in endoscopic biopsies taken from the antrum and body was also analysed fbr of total biliary acids rose from mumolh before surgery to mumolh after cholecystectomy p a significant increase was observed for all the individual biliary acids histological tests of GM revealed an increased percentage of chronic atrophic gastritis of the antrum following cholecystectomy histological conditions in the body were unaltered the results of this study show that there is a significant increase in dgr months after cholecystectomy together with increased histological damage to the mucosa of the antrum further studies are necessary in order to evaluate whether the two phenomena are related
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distal renal tubular acidosis drta results from impaired urinary acidification by the renal collecting duct acquired drta can be AA to diverse pathological processes including diabetic ischemic fibrosing or immunological processes less frequently it presents as a familial disorder with either an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of transmission mutations in the slcaaeband clhco exchanger gene have been identified as causes for both dominant and recessive forms of drta these mutations comprise a group almost entirely distinct from the slca mutations that underlie the familial HA of hereditary spherocytosis why does one group of mutations express almost exclusively an isolated erythroid phenotype whereas the second group of mutations expresses almost exclusively a phenotype explicable entirely by defective CF of renal collecting duct type a IC cells this review summarizes current research addressing this central question in the pathobiology of inherited drta associated with mutations in the slca gene studying drtaassociated mutant ae polypeptides can provide novel insights into the biology of the IC cell and the collecting duct as well as more generally into mechanisms by which epithelial cells generate and maintain PET polarity
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the profiles of circulating ecdysteroids during the three molt cycles prior to adulthood were monitored from the juvenile blue crab callinectes sapidus ecdysteroid patterns are remarkably similar in terms of peak concentrations ranging between ngml hemolymph analysis of hemolymph at late premolt stage revealed six different types of ecdysteroids with ponasterone a poa and oh ecdysone oh e as the L1 forms this ecdysteroid profile was consistent in all three molt cycles BL eyestalk ablation ea is a procedure that removes inhibitory neurohormones including crustacean hyperglycemic hormone chh and MIH mih and often results in precocious molting in crustaceans however the inhibitory roles of these neuropeptides in vivo have not yet been tested in c sapidus we determined the regulatory roles of chh and mih in the circulating ecdysteroid from ablated animals through daily i.t. a daily administration of purified native chh and mih at physiological concentration maintained intermolt levels of ecdysteroids in the ea animals this suggests that y organs yo require a brief SE to chh and mih in order to maintain the low level of ecdysteroids compared to intact animals the ea crabs did not exhibit the level of peak ecdysteroids and the L1 ecdysteroid turned out to be oh e not poa these results further underscore the important actions of mih and chh in ecdysteroidogenesis as they not only inhibit but also control the composition of output of the yo activity
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we report a yearold man who had severe coronary and CBF V1 disease with moderate MR mr left ventricular reconstruction and mitral valve surgery were considered for poor left ventricular CF and dilatation with mr however low blood pressure during cardiac arrest was risk for stroke due to severe stenosis of BL vertebral arteries the myocardial viability of the AW and VPI wall was confirmed by thallium restredistribution single photon emission computed tomography spect therefore offpump coronary artery bypass grafting opcab was selected for the patient only three lima sutures were used for keeping the optimal heart position coronary anastomoses were done in sequence right gastroepiploic i.a. rgea posterior descending pd left internal thoracic i.a. lita sequential rita left anterior descending lad no neurological complication occurred postoperatively left VF and mr gradually improved final ejection fraction ef is and mr is trivial this case demonstrated improvement of mr by only revascularization according to preoperative viability assessment
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in order to evaluate the effects of ipriflavone therapy a clinical and metabolic T0 was carried out in a group of female patients with low BMC in particular mineral density of the PT femur was measured this being a fundamental factor for the resistance of this district at the end of the months treatment cycle reduced plasma concentration of bone gla protein and urinary hydroxyprolinecreatinine ratio indicating reduced bone resorption and a significant increase of BD of the FA neck and of the trabecular substructure of wards triangle were found on the whole treatment was well tolerated
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all paediatricians in ireland were requested to fill a questionnaire which dealt with data pertaining to all liveborn infants over g birth weight who died within the first days of life in deaths were categorized according to wigglesworth classification into lethal malformation immaturity prematurity asphyxia and TPS each hospital and patient was assigned a unique id number data from questionnaires was entered into a DB results were compared with those previously published by counahan and clarke for twenty one of the paediatric centres in ireland replied giving a response rate of the overall number of neonatal deaths for was compared to for one hundred and two were grams and g the principal causes of death for were congenital malformations n prematurity n and asphyxia n this compares to figures of and respectively for the overall neonatal mortality rate for was with a corrected neonatal MR of the neonatal mortality rate and corrected NMR for were and respectively the decrease in neonatal mortality in the past years in ireland is to be applauded however it can lead to a false sense of security regarding standards of neonatal care while the death of extremely lowbirthweight infants can now often be prevented in many cases it is merely deferred to the postneonatal period furthermore no national data is available on the long term outcome and neurodevelopmental status of PT or asphyxiated infants who survive the possibility of establishing an irish neonatal morbidity register aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of medical care for P0 infants must now be explored
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routine screening of patients and health care staff for hiv has not been endorsed by the medical profession instead universal precautions have been recommended as being the most effective way of minimizing the occupational risk of hiv infection consultant staff and undergraduate medical students at the royal free hospital and school of medicine london were asked about their attitudes towards compulsory hiv antibody testing their compliance with universal precautions and their perceived risk of hiv infection a substantial proportion of staff and students supported compulsory hiv antibody testing for patients health care workers and certain subgroups of the population most of the clinical students and about half the consultants failed to comply with UP staff and students saw themselves at greater risk of hiv infection in the hospital than in their personal lives clearly these beliefs and practices must be taken into account when introducing a policy of universal precautions
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literature provides sufficient evidence that transitory electric stimulation via esophagus sate T3 the first positive experimental attempts on dogs can be applied to man with a simple rapid and harmless method the study covers patients subjected to VHF transesophageal PAS by way of a bipolar electrode inserted through a NG tube and connected to an external generator capable of producing tension impulses said impulses are VL up to volts lasting microsec with a frequency of up to min the patients can be divided into groups the first including patients on which sate was effected for diagnostic purposes in coronary deficiency patients in the disease of sinus node patients and lastly in the research for the avblock latent in patients with acute postinfarctual avblock which regressed during the immediate clinical course of the illness the other group includes patients in which the atrial stimulation indication was the treatment of rapid paroxysmic atrial rhythms inaffected by drugs by using impulses of volts the aa have obtained a SD stimulation
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in a genetic screen for altered circadian period length in arabidopsis we isolated a mutant with a long freerunning period the tej mutation acts independently of CS quality and quantity it affects clockcontrolled transcription of genes in arabidopsis and alters the timing of the photoperioddependent transition from vegetative growth to flowering mapbased cloning of tej identified a polyadpribose glycohydrolase parg an inhibitor of polyadpribosylation rescued the period phenotype of tej mutant and shortened the period length of wildtype plants posttranslational polyadpribosylation of an oscillator component may contribute to setting the period length of the arabidopsis CE FEO
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in a hybrid superconductingmagnetic device two order parameters compete with one type of order suppressing the other recent interest in ultralowpower highdensity cryogenic memories has spurred new efforts to simultaneously exploit superconducting and magnetic properties so as to create novel switching elements having these two competing orders here we describe a reconfigurable twolayer magnetic spin valve integrated within a josephson junction our measurements separate the suppression in the SC coupling due to the exchange field in the magnetic layers which causes depairing of the supercurrent from the suppression due to the stray magnetic field the exchange field suppression of the SC order parameter is a tunable and switchable behaviour that is also scalable to nanometer device dimensions these devices demonstrate nonvolatile sizeindependent switching of josephson coupling in magnitude as well as phase and they may enable practical nanoscale SC memory devices
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objective the aim of this T0 was to analyse the association between maternal dental caries and preterm birth ptb with a particular focus on the infectionsuspected causes of preterm births materials and methods a s bond in the mutant suppression of osexpa by rna interference further confirmed requirement for the gene in root hair elongation complementation of the osexpa mutant with other root hair expas osexpa and arabidopsis expa can restore root hair elongation indicating PET conservation of these root hair expas in monocots and dicots these results demonstrate that members of the root hair expa subclade play a crucial role in root HC elongation in graminaceae
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a prospective multicentre randomized openlabel parallel group study compared the efficacy safety and tolerability of cefuroxime mg iv po either twice daily bd or three times daily tds for h followed by oral cefuroxime axetil mg bd for days in a sequential therapy regimen for the treatment of acute exacerbations of CB a total of AD patients entered the study in the cefuroxime tds group and in the cefuroxime bd group for clinically evaluable patients the posttreatment clinical response rate was and in the cefuroxime tds and bd CG respectively cure was maintained at followup DAT completion in of the cefuroxime tds group and of patients in the cefuroxime bd group a total of pathogens was isolated the most common being haemophilus influenzae other haemophilus spp streptococcus pneumoniae and enterobacteriaceae at the PT assessment and of pathogens were cleared in the cefuroxime tds and bd groups respectively both treatment regimens were well tolerated the incidence of drugrelated AEs was in the cefuroxime tds group and in the cefuroxime bd group the most common sideeffects were gastrointestinal qualitative and quantitative markers were used to determine the optimal time to switch from iv to oral therapy and of these peak expiratory flow rate was shown to be the most useful in the present study in conclusion the findings of this study support the use of a bd dosing schedule of cefuroxime in a sequential therapy regimen with oral CAE demonstrating it to be clinically equivalent to the standard tds dosage currently used as well as being simpler and more convenient to administer at a lower cost
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a crossbridged cyclam derivative containing two pyridylmethyl pendant arms l bispyridinylmethyltetraazabicyclohexadecane was synthesized by dialkylation of the crossbridged cyclam with chloromethylpyridine a series of feii complexes with l and different counteranions of the formulas felfecl·ho ·ho felcl·ho ·ho felbf·chcn ·chcn and felbph·choh ·choh was prepared and thoroughly characterized in all the cases the fel cation adopts a cisv configuration with a distorted octahedral geometry and with the fen donor set the magnetic measurements within the temperature interval of k revealed the spin crossover sco behaviour of all the complexes with the transition temperature t increasing with the counter anion in the order bf fecl bph however the sco process was CR in the case of compound only with t k which proceeded after removal of cocrystallized chcn molecules accompanied by a NC of the crystallographic phase the sco behaviour of was also confirmed by a single crystal xray analysis providing the average fen distances of å at k and å at k typical of lowspin and highspin feii complexes respectively the obtained results clearly showed that the nature of the counter anion and the presenceabsence of cocrystallized solvent molecules significantly affected the temperature as well as the abruptness of the spin transition this is the first report of sco behaviour observed for iron complexes containing a crossbridged cyclam derivative
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sometimes unpredictable aversive events have more adverse consequences than predictable aversive events and sometimes not three experiments were conducted to test an attentional explanation of the inconsistent effects of unpredictability this explanation suggests that unpredictable events exert a deleterious influence because more attention is typically directed to them if there were no difference in the amount of attention directed to unpredictable and predictable events however there should be no difference in their effects the validity of these notions was assessed by applying them to one previously established finding from the unpredictability literaturethe finding that SE to unpredictable noise leads to reports of more severe PCS PS than does SE to predictable noise in experiment subjects performed a reaction time task while they listened to loud bursts of either predictable or unpredictable noise as expected reaction times were slower when the noise was unpredictable than when it was not this finding suggests that more attention had been directed to the unpredictable than the predictable noise in experiments and subjects were exposed to either predictable or unpredictable noise and were either instructed to attend to the noise or given no special instructions in both cases subjects not instructed to attend to the noise reported more severe PS when the noise was unpredictable than when it was not thus replicating the previous finding of greater interest however was the fact that equating the amount of attention directed to the unpredictable and predictable noise by asking subjects to attend to the noise eliminated the apparent benefits of predictability the discussion of the findings centers on their theoretical and practical significance
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