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in a controlled trial of the effects of intramuscular corticotrophin and oral prednisolone in the treatment of acute bells palsy successive patients with idiopathic facial palsy were grouped for age and duration of palsy they were then allocated at random to either corticotrophin or prednisolone therapy in pairs the results were received ACTH and developed some degree of denervation and received prednisolone and developed some degree of denervation p six of the corticotrophin group became severely denervated less than recovery compared with none of the prednisolone group p the best results were obtained in the younger patients less than years old treated on the first or second day of palsy and side effects were minimalit is concluded that oral prednisolone is the treatment of choice for idiopathic facial BP
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sickle cell disease scd is an autosomal recessive disease in which homozygosity for a single point mutation in the gene encoding the βglobin chain produces HbS molecules that polymerize within the EA during deoxygenation the result is sustained HA and vasoocclusive events as patients live to adulthood the chronic impact of sustained HA and episodic vasoocclusive episodes leads to progressive endorgan complications this scenario culminates in the development of or more L1 cardiovascular complications of scd for which there are no approved or consensus therapies these complications include elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure pulmonary hypertension left VVI diastolic heart disease dysrhythmia SD and chronic kidney disease with associated PU microalbuminuria and hemoglobinuria in patients with advancing age CP organ dysfunction and chronic kidney injury have significant effects on morbidity and premature mortality over the last years a number of tests have been validated in multiple replicate cohort studies that identify patients with scd at the highest risk of experiencing pulmonary and systemic vasculopathy and death providing for screening strategies tied to targeted more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions
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steinerts disease is an intrinsic disorder of the muscle with multisystem manifestations myotonia may affect any muscle group is elicited by several AF and drugs used in GA like hypnotics sedatives and opioids although some authors recommend the use of RA or combined anesthesia with low doses of opioids the safest anesthetic technique still has to be established we performed a continuous spinal anesthesia in a patient with steinerts disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using mg of BUP and provided ventilatory support in the perioperative period CSA for accumulation of cd in moso bamboo on the basis of overall results it is suggested that moso bamboo could be successfully used for the remediation of low cd no more than mg kg contaminated soils
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exposure to chronic ethanol etoh results in changes in the expression of proteins that regulate neuronal excitability this T0 examined whether chronic etoh alters the HPC expression and CF of fragile x mental retardation protein fmrp and the role of fmrp in the modulation of chronic etohinduced changes in the expression of nmda receptors and kv channels
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presynaptic receptormediated modulation of stimulationevoked hacetylcholine hach PR from the neuromuscular junction was studied in the region of the mouse hemidiaphragm which contains the motor endplates and which can easily be loaded with hcholine this method made it possible to detect exclusively the cadependent quantal PR of hach in response to axonal stimulation atropine enhanced and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants TC pancuronium and pipecuronium reduced the PR of hach evoked by high frequency trains of stimulation hz shocks of the phrenic nerve the effect of tubocurarine was frequencydependent as at hz shocks it was less effective than at hz the resting release of hach was not affected by these EDC these findings indicate that ach released into the synaptic gap by axonal firing reaches a concentration sufficient to influence its own PR by a prejunctional effect the anticholinesterase physostigmine sulphate enhanced the release of hach in a concentrationdependent manner this effect was mediated via prejunctional nicotinic receptor stimulation tubocurarine pancuronium and pipecuronium completely prevented the effect of physostigmine when the prejunctional nicotinic and M2 were stimulated by a hig the ascending aorta without associated intracardiac defects is a rare congenital malformation about anatomic and surgical descriptions have been reported in the literature up to of the reported cases underwent surgical correction with a MR the NK history without surgery is poor with a very high mortality during the first year of life successful anatomic correction of anomalous origin of RPA from the ascending aorta in a months old female is reported
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the ARG technique was used for tracing the efferent fibers from the lateral reticular nucleus lrn in cats the terminal fields lie within the granular layer of both the ipsi and the contralateral cerebellar cortex the projections are symmetrical but more pronounced on the ipsilateral side the main portion of lrn projects to lobuli iv to the rostral part of lobulus vi the most caudal part of lobulus vii to lobulus viii as well as to lobulus simplex the medial parts of the lobulus ansiformis and to the lobulus paramedianus mediolaterally arranged bands of dense mossy fiber terminations directed rostrocaudally lend support to an organized projection of the lateral reticulocerebellar fibers and further evidence for a division of the cerebellar SC into longitudinal zones voogd et al evidence for a cerebellar rerepresentation of the lrn spinal segmental arrangement is not obvious although it can not be excluded the SF to the contralateral side seem to mainly follow the course of the olivocerebellar SF crossing at brain stem levels following the GA criteria for the ID of a terminal field few if any fibers can be traced to the cerebellar nuclei and to regions outside the cerebellum
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relationships between changes in C2 of catechols and directly recorded sympathetic nerve activity were examined using simultaneous measurements of renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial and renal A-V concentrations of norepinephrine ne dihydroxyphenylalanine dopa and dihyroxyphenylglycol dhpg during reflexive alterations in renal sympathetic nerve activity in anesthetized adrenaldemedullated rats nitroprusside infusion increased renal SNA by arterial levels of dopa by ne by and dhpg by phenylephrine infusion increased arterial dhpg levels by and decreased RNA by and ne C2 by arterial dopa C2 were unchanged ganglionic blockade by chlorisondamine with concomitant phenylephrine infusion to maintain map decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity by and ne concentrations by arterial dopa concentrations were unchanged and dhpg concentrations increased by proportionate responses of arterial levels of ne were strongly related to proportionate changes in renal SNA clearance of dhpg from arterial plasma was prolonged by phenylephrineinduced hypertension and by nitroprussideinduced SH the results suggest that changes in arterial ne levels reflect changes in sympathetic activity changes in dopa levels reflect changes in catecholamine biosynthesis and changes in dhpg levels depend on reuptake of released ne and on hemodynamic AF affecting dhpg clearance
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LT outcomes of singlelead vdd pacing were studied retrospectively and partly prospectively records were analysed of patients out of in whom a singlelead vdd pacemaker was implanted between january and december and who attended a followup clinic more than two years after the implant fortyeight of them attended a prospective followup months T3 the implant SR was present in of the patients and atrial fibrillation in the remaining av synchronous pacing was documented in to at different followup periods however an intermittent asynchronous ventricular vvi pacing of more than occurred intermittently in of the patients chronic sensed pwave amplitude was significantly lower than the implant pwave amplitude by and did not correlate with the implant amplitude postural changes supine sitting standing with normal breathing and during deep inspiration did not have a significant impact on sensed pwave amplitude more than four years after the implant rate histograms were remarkably SD over the years with dominant HR rate to bpm observed for to of the monitored periods singlelead vdd pacing was found to be a reliable method of longterm physiological pacing in patients with CHB who returned for followup routine testing more than four years T3 the implant does not require postural manoeuvres
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IP blood lymphocytes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis under ursodeoxycholic acid therapy were examined for selected lymphocyte activation markers the percentage of dipeptidyl peptidase iv positive IP blood lymphocytes of primary biliary cirrhosis patients by using immune and enzymehistochemical staining was found to be low with HCs exhibiting a normal range of T3 pokeweed mitogen stimulation in vitro the interleukin production by IP blood lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis patients was significantly decreased pgml mean value compared to HS pgml mean value T3 weeks ursodeoxycholic acid treatment the DPP iv expression and il production were normalised these results provide evidence for the immunomodulating effect of ursodeoxycholic acid
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creactive protein crp and microalbuminuria ma have been identified as risk markers for cardiovascular disease cvd we questioned whether crp and ma are similar markers of AVD in different regions of the V1 tree like the heart kidneys and extremities or if they differ in their relationships with these V1 beds baseline C2 of crp and urinary Al were measured in nondiabetic participants in the prevention of renal and V1 endstage disease prevend study a dutch cohort derived from the GP we defined three domains of AVD coronary HR disease myocardial infarction or infarct pattern on the ecg RI creatinine clearance ml min and IP i.a. disease ankle brachial index or lower limb revascularisation the prevalence of an elevated crp vs and ma vs were increased in subjects with vascular disease as compared with subjects without cvd the prevalence of an elevated crp was equal in subjects with either coronary HR disease RI or IP artery disease vs vs ns whereas ma was most prevalent in subjects with coronary heart disease vs vs p using multivariate analyses crp was independently associated with all three domains of AVD whereas ma was independently associated with coronary heart disease only in addition we found synergistic contributions of an elevated crp and older age to the risk of AVD in all three domains thus crp and ma are risk markers for AVD each showing a different risk profiling for different V1 beds
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we investigated psychologic influences on DU ulcer by examining the effect of personality stress and mood measured at diagnosis on subsequent ulcer healing stressful LE psychopathology assessed using the minnesota multiphasic FPI anxiety depression smoking alcohol consumption nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and serum pepsinogen i levels were determined immediately after endoscopy showed duodenal ulcer craters in patients with recent ON of PS endoscopy was repeated following weeks of ranitidine therapy six ulcers persisted and the duodenum remained inflamed in an additional five cases for a total of with incomplete healing the only baseline characteristic significantly associated with poor healing was anxiety p for ulcer persistence p for incomplete healing being in the highest anxiety tertile was associated with a more than fourfold elevation in the risk of incomplete healing p the association between anxiety and poor healing was not changed by modification of the anxiety score to eliminate gastrointestinal symptom items or by adjustment for PG sex or cigarette smoking anxiety inhibits the healing of DU ulcers treated with adequate antisecretory therapy
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differentiating spitz nevus sn from spitzoid malignant melanoma smm is one the most difficult problems in dermatopathology
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the aim of this study was to determine the postoperative function of neorectoanal components using two different types of very low coloanal reconstruction the two groups of patients assessed were who underwent abdominal rectal resection and stapled high coloanal anastomosis without a pouch being the hcaap group and who underwent anoabdominal rectal resection and low coloanal anastomosis with a colonic jpouch being the lcaa p group manometric examination was performed and months postoperatively and the patients were also assessed by a questionnaire the lcaa p group had remarkably less daily stool frequency and urgency but there were no significant differences in the other PET parameters MRP mrp was significantly less while threshold volume tv and MTV mtv were greater in the lcaa p group than in the hcaap group the colonic jpouch compensated for decreased mrp thus when hcaap is performed cm of residual rectum with IAS may be required and construction of the pelvic pouch is desirable in low coloanal anastomosis
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obstructive SA osa and more importantly its hallmark chronic intermittent hypoxia cih are established factors in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of nonalcoholic fatty CL disease nafld this has been clearly demonstrated in rodent models exposed to IH and strong evidence now also exists in both paediatric and adult human populations osa and cih induce insulinresistance and dyslipidemia which are involved in nafld physiopathogenesis cih increases the expression of the hypoxia inducible transcription factor hifα and that of downstream genes involved in lipogenesis thereby increasing βoxidation and consequently exacerbating liver oxidative AS osa also disrupts the gut liver axis increasing IP and with a possible role of gut microbiota in the link between osa and nafld osa patients should be screened for nafld and vice versa those with nafld for osa to date there is no evidence that treating osa with CPAP cpap will improve nafld but it might at least stabilize and slow its progression nevertheless these multimorbid patients should be efficiently treated for all their metabolic comorbidities and be encouraged to follow weight stabilization or WL programs and physical activity life style interventions
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skeletal muscle regeneration is severely compromised in the case of D2 damage the current challenge is to find AF capable of limiting muscle degeneration andor potentiating the inherent regenerative program mediated by a specific type of myoblastic cells the satellite cells recent studies from our groups and others have shown that the bioactive lipid sphingosine phosphate sp promotes myoblast differentiation and exerts a trophic action on denervated skeletal muscle fibres in the present study we examined the effects of sp on eccentric contraction ecinjured extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres and resident satellite cells after ec skeletal muscle showed evidence of structural and biochemical damage along with significant EP changes ie reduced plasma membrane resistance and resting membrane potential andrate modifications with its structure closely resembling ts might be fruitful for improving the catalytic efficiency for some enzymes the results show that the computer simulations may provide important insights into the origin of the substrate specificity for the sabath family and could be used to help experimental efforts in generating engineered enzymes with altered ATP specificity
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as part of the world health organizations crossnational research effort we investigated the relationship between various health indicators and the experience of intimate partner violence ipv which included emotional phe whose pathogenesis is not fully understood and the best treatment guideline is controversial we report cases of traumatic MH with different treatment approaches in the first case a yearold boy presented with a traumatic macular hole AA to blunt ocular trauma with a stone and initial vision of he underwent surgical repair and his final vision was with hole closure T3 a year followup in the second case a yearold woman suffered a penetrating bullet wound on the left side of her forehead the injury caused optic nerve head avulsion in the left eye with loss of CS perception the RA eye had a traumatic macular hole and signs suggestive of sclopetaria chorioretinitis with vision this case was initially observed and vision improved to with reduction of the hole diameter vision and hole diameter remained SD after months
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different domains of a novel fulllength var gene termed var isolated from a placenta of a malariainfected woman were expressed in escherichia coli as recombinant proteins and analysed biochemically and immunologically two of these the duffy bindinglike dblgamma domain and the CR interdomain region cidralpha were able to bind chondroitin sulfate a and cd respectively the dblgamma domain was investigated in a previous study and confirmed here to exhibit antidisease characteristics related to pregnancyassociated malaria mothers wing role of trait anxiety and the more parsimonious structural models specifying direct effects between disgust sensitivity and both washing and contamination concerns fit the data well the results of this research support the central role of disgust in contamination fear
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rheumatoid arthritis ra is a common rheumatic disease in caucasians and in other ethnic groups diagnosis is mainly based on clinical features before the only serological laboratory test that could contribute to the diagnosis was that for rheumatoid factor rf the disease activity markers for the evaluation of clinical symptoms or treatment outcome were the erythrocyte sedimentation rate esr and creactive protein crp as a matter of fact the diagnosis of early ra is quite impossible as the clinical criteria are insufficient at the beginning stage of the disease in schelleken reported that a high percentage of ra patients had a specific antibody that could interact with a synthetic peptide which contained the CAA citrulline the high specificity for ra of this new serological marker anticyclic citrullinated antibody anticcp antibody can be detected early in ra before the typical clinical features appear the presence or absence of this antibody can easily distinguish other rheumatic diseases from ra additionally the titer of anticcp can be used to predict the prognosis and treatment outcome T3 dmards or biological therapy therefore with improvement of sensitivity the anticcp antibody will be widely used as a routine laboratory test in the clinical practice for ra
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selected human lymphomaderived and LB cell lines have been characterized and shown to be useful model systems for the expression of either cell surface ig or secretory ig or both simultaneously daudi and raji cell lines were shown to express sIgM with no secretion of igm the lymphoblastoid cell lines tay and rpmi are highrate secretors of igm the lymphoma cell L1 bjab synthesizes both cell sIgM and sec igm in the secreting cells we have identified an intracellular mu chain with an apparent molecular weight approximately less than secreted mu chain in cells synthesizing surface igm a surface mu chain has been identified which has an apparent mol wt of approximately more than secreted mu chain the intracellular mu chain in these cells is indistinguishable in size from the mature surface mu chain the daudi cell line is exceptional in that surface deposition of the intracellular mu chain is preceded or accompanied by an increase in apparent mol wt the lymphoblastoid cell line bec synthesized both cell surface igg and sec igg in bec cells a surface form of gamma chain having a higher apparent mol wt than secreted gamma chain has been resolved there is no detectable difference between l chains associated with any of the different forms of h chain a biosynthetic relationship between the different forms of h chain is proposed
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the lingual guttering technique for third molar surgery carries the risk of injury to the LN if the surgical bur comes into direct contact with it this T0 investigated the extent of nerve injury caused by two different burs a tungsten carbide bur and the dentium implant bur the latter is designed to be soft tissue friendly this study also examined whether ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are able to detect any injury inflicted this CAD research involved subjecting lingual nerves to the drilling effect of two different burs at two different speeds the amount of damage caused was measured using different imaging modalities to assess their ability to detect the injury inflicted at high speed the dentium bur caused a deeper and wider laceration than the carbide bur at low speed the laceration depths and widths caused by the two burs did not differ significantly ultrasound scanning was able to detect the nerve laceration at damaged sites observed using optical coherence tomography thus a carbide bur at low speed would be preferable for lingual bone guttering as it causes less laceration to the lingual nerve in the event of a suspected injury ultrasound scanning would provide an objective DUE of the amount of nerve damage in vivo
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the aim of the present study was to investigate memory effects force accuracy and R2 during constant isometric force at different force C2 using AEP biofeedback two types of transition trials were used a biofeedbackno biofeedback transition trial and a no biofeedbackbiofeedback transition trial the auditory biofeedback produced a low or highpitched sound when participants produced an isometric force lower or higher than required respectively to achieve this goal participants were asked to produce and maintain two different ISO forces ± and n± during s constant error and sigma of the ISO force were calculated while accuracy and variability of the ISO force varied according to the transition trial a drift of the force appeared in the no biofeedback condition this result suggested that the degradation of information about force output in the no biofeedback condition was provided by a leaky SM buffer which was mainly dependent on the sense of effort because this drift remained constant whatever the transition used this memory buffer seemed to be independent of STM processes
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this paper describes a locally focused magnetic resonance mr imaging method for threedimensional d zonal echoplanar coronary angiography using volumeselective RF rf excitation spatially variable resolution was used for delineating coronary arteries and reducing the effect of residual signals caused by the imperfect excitation profile of the rf PP the use of VL resolution enabled the derivation of basis functions having different spatial characteristics pertaining to regional object details and a significantly smaller number of phaseencoded signal measurements was needed for image reconstruction based on the relative significance of each required phaseencoding step RT phaseencode reordering was used to minimize the effect of respiratory motion during coronary imaging to eliminate nyquist ghosting in oblique echoplanar imaging the EPI data acquired during forward and reverse echoes were reconstructed separately and then averaged with spatial registration for improving the signaltonoise ratio the technique was evaluated with phantom experiments and right PD images of asymptomatic volunteers using a t mr system a marked improvement in image SQ has been achieved despite a reduction in imaging time
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lymphoceles and lymph fistulas are common complications T3 SE of the common femoral artery in the scarpa triangle because of operative transsection of overlying lymphatics the purpose of this prospective randomized T0 was to determine the incidence of groin lymphatic complications and to assess the impact of routine application of FG on lymphatic structures and subcutaneous tissue prior to closure all patients undergoing exposure of the common femoral artery in the scarpa triangle were included in this study they were divided into two groups according to closure technique in group a closure was performed without FG in group b FG was applied to lymphatic structures prior to closure the tau of fibrin glue application was estimated on the basis of two criteria incidence of local complications and amount of lymphatic fluid in the redon drain the preliminary findings suggest that application of Fn glue leads to a significant reduction in the incidence of lymphatic complications after femoral artery exposure in the scarpa triangle
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MCE intracoronary application has emerged as an accurate method to detect the noreflow phenomenon to investigate the diagnostic value of harmonic angiography T3 intravenous infusion of levovist in assessing noreflow both intracoronary and intravenous contrast i.v. were performed in a group of patients with acute myocardial infarction seventeen consecutive patients with a successfully reperfused AIM within hours of symptom ON were selected for this T0 all patients underwent CE with harmonic angiography with levovist mgml intravenous pump infusion trigger intervals to and sonicated albumin to ml intracoronary bolus on day T3 the achievement of a sustained coronary reflow myocardial perfusion was qualitatively assessed with a segment model the endocardial length of the residual contrast defect T3 reflow was also calculated fortyfour of segments were not analyzed after intravenous contrast echocardiography and after intracoronary CE because of artifacts intracoronary and intravenous i.v. showed a PD in segments with a concordance of kappa coefficient concordance in anteroseptal AL and inferolateral segments was kappa kappa and kappa respectively with intracoronary i.t. used as the reference method i.v. had a sensitivity of and a specificity of for diagnosing contrast defects the Endo extent of noreflow was T3 intravenous and after intracoronary contrast echocardiography p not significant intravenous CE with levovist reliably identifies the noreflow phenomenon after successful reperfusion especially in acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction
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recently a gainoffunction mpl mutation mplwl was described in patients with jakvfnegative myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia mmm to gain more information on mutational frequency disease specificity and clinical correlates genomic dna from patiout for the adsorption of eu metal analysis was made by three different methods good agreement between the centrifugation and PACE experiments was obtained for reasonable positions of the plane of shear relative to the positional plane of the bound ions displacement of eu from LDV upon addition of drug cations was followed by pnmr the competition experiments were numerically simulated the eu binding was assumed to obey a mass action type equilibrium whereas the drug binding was described by a henrys law partition the binding constants for the drugs in the competition experiments followed the same order as in the absence of eu however the numerical values had to be reduced the effect of anions was studied
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previous work in cats has shown that cells of origin of the CST give rise to collateral branches to the DCN dcn the present experiments were performed in monkeys macaca fascicularis in which FB and diamidino yellow were delivered to infiltrate the DL funiculus at C2 between c and c and the cuneate nucleus on the same side retrograde labelling in the SC allows simultaneous visualization of three classes of neurons CS tract cst SN corticocuneate tract cct neurons and doublelabelled neurons the morphological features and distribution of cst and cct neurons are similar to those previously reported from investigations based mainly upon the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase hrp cst neurons occur in layer v in the pre and postcentral gyri except for the lateral part face representation in the supplementary motor and sensory SC and in sii cct SN are present in SL v largely in the postcentral gyrus and in sii doublelabelled SN are present wherever cst and cct neurons are found reconstruction and quantitative data from the pericentral SC show that up to of cct SN are doublelabelled and are found predominantly in Az and and that their perikarya are in the size range of the larger cct neurons comparison of these results with those obtained previously in cats by using hrp and 3H enzymatically inactive hrp hapohrp rustioni and hayes exp brain res suggests that cst neurons with branching axons to the dcn are considerably more numerous in monkeys than in cats to determine whether this difference is caused by the different tracers used in the two species fast blue and diamidino yellow were delivered in cats to infiltrate the dorsolateral funiculus at cc and the cuneate nucleus on the same side the results in these cats are remarkably similar to those obtained in the previous study which used hrp and hapohrp doublelabelled neurons occur predominantly in area a and constitute of the cct neurons in the pericruciate area the results bear upon mechanisms of descending control and tuning of performances that characterize the dorsal columnmedial lemniscal system eg discrimination of discrete spatiotemporal cues the species differences may be related to the higher degree of tactile resolution and synchronous control of sensory inflow at the dcn and spinal cord in monkeys relative to cats
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to date the forcipules have played almost no role in determining the systematics of scutigeromorph centipedes though in his review of taxonomic characters markus würmli suggested some potentially informative variation might be found in these structures geometric morphometric analyses were used to evaluate würmlis suggestion specifically to determine whether the shape of the forcipular coxa contains information useful for diagnosing species the geometry of the coxae of eight species from the genera sphendononema scutigera dendrothereua thereuonema thereuopoda thereuopodina allothereua and parascutigera was characterised using a combination of landmark and semilandmarkbased sampling methods to summarize groupspecific morphological variation canonical variates analysis of shape data characterizing the forcipular coxae indicates that these structures differ significantly between taxa at various systematic levels models calculated for the canonical variates space facilitate ID of the main shape differences between genera including overall lengthwidth curvature of the external coxal SM and the extent to which the coxofemoral condyle projects laterally jackknifed discriminant function analysis demonstrates that forcipular coxal trainingset specimens were assigned to correct species in of cases on average the most accurate assignments being those of parascutigera parascutigera guttata and thereuonema thereuonema microstoma the geographically widespread species thereuopoda longicornis sphendononema guildingii scutigera coleoptrata and dendrothereua linceci exhibit the least diagnostic coxae in our dataset thereuopoda longicornis populations sampled from different parts of east and southeast asia were significantly discriminated from each other suggesting that in this case extensive synonymy may be obscuring diagnosable interspecies coxal shape differences
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previous studies have shown that dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate increase the toxicity of chcl the present experiments were designed to determine if MCA mca similarly affects chcl toxicity there were occasional differences but overall kidney function indices urine volume osmolality and electrolyte concentration glucosuria retention of urea nitrogen in plasma were not affected differently at either or hr T3 chcl in saline and mca pretreated SDRs of either sex males pretreated with mca had fold greater plasma alanine aminotransferase alt compared to the saline pretreated group similarly dosed with chcl alt was increased threefold in female rats a modest NC that suggests hepatic damage and bun was nonsignificantly increased therefore hepatic and renal functions were assessed in females mca i.c.v. did not alter the effects of chcl on hepatic excretory function or glomerular or tubular function bile production and glomerular filtration were both decreased in the mca group treated with peanut oil suggesting that mca impairs both liver and kidney function in female rats mca pretreatment increases chcl hepatoxicity markedly in male rats and only slightly in female rats this difference is likely due to the different effects in males and females of mca on the cytochrome p isoforms that activate chcl the effects of mca on renal function in females would decrease chcl delivery to kidney cells suggesting that mca may alter the CSD of chcl
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to assess the MH of homeless and poor housed youths using the national institute of MH nimh diagnostic interview schedule for children disc version and to examine mental health service use
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this article summarizes the risk of cancer among the survivors of the atomic bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki we focus primarily on the risk of death from cancer among individuals in the life span study sample of the radiation effects research foundation from through based on recently revised dosimetry procedures we report the risk of CA other than one among the atomic bomb survivors we note that the number of excess deaths of radiationinduced malignant PT other than leukemia increases with age survivors who were exposed in the first or second decade of life have just entered the cancerprone age and have so far exhibited a high or in association with radiation dose whether the elevated risk will continue or will fall with time is not yet clear although some evidence suggests that the risk may be declining it is important to continue LT followup of this cohort to document the changes with time since SE and to provide direct rather than projected risks over the lifetime of an exposed individual
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perinatal asphyxia remains a principal cause of IM and longterm neurological morbidity particularly in lowresource countries no neuroprotective interventions are currently available melatonin mlt a potent antioxidant antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic agent offers promise as an intravenous iv or transdermal therapy to protect the BB we aimed to determine the effect of melatonin iv or TD patch on neuropathology in a lamb model of perinatal asphyxia asphyxia was induced in newborn lambs via UC occlusion at birth animals were randomly allocated to melatonin commencing T2 after birth mg in hours iv or transdermal patch brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy mrs was undertaken at and hours animals control n controlmlt n asphyxia n asphyxiamlt iv n patch n were euthanised at hours and CSF fluid csf and brains were collected for analysis asphyxia resulted in severe acidosis ph ± lactate ± mmoll and altered determinants of encephalopathy mrs lactatenacetyl AST ratio was fold higher in asphyxia lambs compared with controls at hours and fold higher at hours p melatonin prevented this rise fold reduced vs asphyxia p asphyxia significantly increased brain white and grey matter apoptotic cell death G1 ICE lipid peroxidation hne and neuroinflammation iba these changes were significantly mitigated by both iv and patch melatonin SVR or TD neonatal melatonin administration significantly reduces the neuropathology and HIVE signs associated with perinatal asphyxia a simple melatonin patch administered soon after birth may improve outcome in infants affected by asphyxia especially in lowresource settings
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effects of electrical stimulation of hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus vmn on the lordosis reflex of female rats were examined in ovariectomized and oestrogenprimed animals with chronically implanted electrodes lordosis triggered either by manual cutaneous stimulation or by male mounting was facilitated by electrical stimulation of the vmn a gradual increase in lordosis performance followed a relatively long period of stimulation never less than min and usually about hr of stimulation was necessary for maximum facilitation following the termination of stimulation the performance returned gradually to the control level during a hr period the optimal frequency of stimulation was between and hz threshold for effective facilitation was on the average microa stimulation tended to induce larger facilitation when applied to the lateral side of vmn pretreatment with oestrogen was necessary to obtain facilitation by vmn stimulation the threshold dosage of oestrogen was microgram per animal stimulation was effective in ADX in dexamethasoneprimed animals and in rats pretreated with exogenous progesterone thus adrenal prodesterone release is not required for the vmn facilitation of lordosis medial POA stimulation with the same parameters suppressed the lordosis reflex the vmn participates in the control of lordosis by a facilitatory output the delay before facilitation implies that the vmn is not in the direct reflexarc for the execution of lordosis rather a summation or interaction process with an unusually long time course is involved
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the effects of adenosine and the adenosine receptor agonist nphenylisopropyladenosine pia in the presence of isoprenaline on ISO force of contraction and calcium dependent slow action potentials were studied in papillary muscles from guinea pigs pretreated with pertussis toxin and control guinea pigs hearts from guinea pigs treated in the same way with pertussis toxin or solvent alone underwent histological examination for comparison NF from isoprenaline treated guinea pigs were also studied pertussis toxin specifically inactivates guanine nucleotide binding proteins n proteins involved in transmembrane ST in many receptor systems for example adenosine receptors mcholinoceptors and and alpha adrenoceptors in papillary muscles from control guinea pigs adenosine and pia in the presence of isoprenaline produced a negative inotropic effect and inhibited the maximal rate of depolarisation of slow calcium dependent action potentials in potassium depolarised papillary muscles T3 pretreatment with pertussis toxin the GABA effects both on force of contraction and on the maximal rate of depolarisation of adenosine and pia were abolished treatment with pertussis toxin produced disseminated myocardial CN and a disseminated cellular calcium overload evidenced by glyoxalbishydroxyanil gbha staining similar lesions for example myocardial CN and cellular calcium overload were also observed T3 treatment with isoprenaline in controls neither myocardial CN nor cellular calcium overload was found it is concluded that pertussis toxin CS n proteins are involved in the inhibitory effects of adenosine and pia on force of contraction and on slow calcium inward current during beta adrenergic stimulationabstract truncated at words
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we report a patient with esophageal carcinoma accompanied by a double aortic arch the preoperative computed tomography scan only detected the right aortic arch but we found the double aortic arch during the T0 the patient underwent an esophagectomy through a left thoracotomy preoperative threedimensional reconstruction of computed tomography images should be conducted to CR understand the anomalies of the great vessels
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three methods of creating chronic bacterial prostatitis in dogs were evaluated injection of escherichia coli into the prostatic or caudal vesicle i.a. T3 the prostate was pierced with a gauge needle caused prostatic infection in of dogs the infection persisted up to days direct i.t. of e coli into the prostate gland resulted in infection in of dogs which persisted up to days i.t. of e coli into the prostatic urethra after occlusion of the bladder neck caused infection in of dogs not subjected to piercing of the prostate gland and in of dogs subjected to prostate gland trauma infection persisted up to days although all methods resulted in persistent CBP direct injection of bacteria into the prostate gland was technically the easiest to perform and resulted in the lowest incidence of concomitant infections of the rest of the urinary tract positive urine cultures for e coli were found in all dogs at some time after infection positive urine and bladder tissue cultures were also found at necropsy in some dogs
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a yearold woman was transferred to kushiro city general hospital because of fever sore throat diffuse neck swelling and dyspnea she had received right mastectomy for breast cancer under GA anesthesia days before the admission the lateral xray film of the neck revealed PA in the retropharyngeal space and the retroesophageal space ct scan revealed mediastinitis next day she received neck dissection for drainage of the abscess under GA anesthesia although the posterior pharyngeal wall was swollen ET intubation was not difficult brown tinged and purplish pus was aspirated from the interspace of carotid sheath and trachea the retropharyngeal space and the superior mediastinal space the infected site was irrigated with a lot of peroxide and saline and draining tubes were placed in each interspace tracheostomy was not done but the patient was admitted to the icu with her tr intubated the day T3 operation she was extubated three days after the T0 chest xray revealed pyothorax and chest tube was inserted for drainage seven days after the T0 she was transferred to the ent ward thereafter her REC course was uneventful it seems that the deep neck infection was probably caused by the injury on ET intubation at the first operation in this case although this patient was cured of mediastinitis following deep neck infection which is still lethal early diagnosis and surgical drainage of the abscess are necessary
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laparoscopic devascularization of the stomach with ligation and transection of the left gastric vein and short gastric veins ligation of the SP i.a. was performed in patients with portal hypertension caused by intrahepatic cases and subhepatic case block in order to prevent esophageal bleedings the first experience with treatment of portal hypertension using endovideosurgical technology has shown that the patients endure the laparoscopic operations satisfactorily even against the background of CL cirrhosis and hepatic failure laparoscopic devascularization of the stomach with the transection of the main tributaries to varicose veins of the esophagus represents an ERP and minimally traumatic method of prophylactics of esophageal bleedings especially when shunting operations are not possible endovideosurgical operations should be considered indicated to patients with pronounced hepatic failure and to patients with D2 thromboses and cavernous transformation of the portal system vessels when they can not be used for portal anastomoses
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activity of neurons in the compact and diffuse parts of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus pptg was recorded in freely moving rabbits during execution of instrumental appetitive conditioning of the recorded SN changed their activity in response to a CS stimulus which is the evidence for the pptg involvement in instrumental conditioning excitatory CS neuronal responses to the conditioned stimulus and food reinforcially odemethylated rcatecholm into rtrisohm at contrasting rc and rc that yielded strisohm at and respectively orthohydroxylation of monoohm into catecholm and bisohm into trisohm was primarily by a and was not enantioselective in conclusion enantiomeric abundance of methoxychlor metabolites depends on the relative catalytic activity of the hepatic p isoforms
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sarcocystosis was diagnosed in eighteenmonthold heifers and steers clinical signs included anorexia severe weight loss nervousness hypersalivation lameness and hair loss on the extremities hair loss was noticed especially at the end of the tail where there was CR loss of the switch giving the animals a rattail appearance consistent gross changes observed at necropsy of four affected animals included generalized lymphadenopathy erosions and ulcerations in the oral cavity and esophagus and severe laminitis microscopically young cysts of sarcocystis sp were disseminated in the heart skeletal muscle and brain ultrastructural examination indicated that the cysts were young because they contained metrocytes affected animals had moderate to severe nonsuppurative MC and myositis with focal degeneration of myofibers and infiltration by macrophages lymphocytes and PCs indirect hemagglutination of sera from animals revealed a mean antibody titer of against sarcocystis bovicanis antigen epidemiologic investigation incriminated resident farm dogs that had been housed in a farm hayloft as the source of infection hay contaminated with sporocysts in dog feces was thought to have been fed to the heifers and steers
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inferior VC ivc filters are sometimes placed as an adjunct to full anticoagulation in patients with significant pulmonary embolism pe we aimed to determine the prevalence of adjunctive ivc filter placement in individuals diagnosed with pe as well as the effect of adjunctive filter placement on mortality in patients with right heart strain associated with pe this was a retrospective study of patients with acute pe treated with full anticoagulation admitted to a single academic medical center information abstracted from patient charts included presence or absence of right heart strain and of deepvein thrombosis and whether or not an ivc filter was placed the endpoint was inhospital mortality over years we found that patients were diagnosed with acute pe with an inhospital mortality rate of the prevalence of adjunctive ivc filter placement was of and the prevalence of documented RA HR strain was of inhospital mortality was in the nonfiltertreated group of whereas there were no deaths in the filtertreated group of however the difference was not statistically significant p both the presence of deepvein thrombosis and of RA heart strain increased the likelihood that an adjunctive ivc filter was placed p and p respectively at our institution patients were treated with ivc filters in addition to AC in of cases of acute pe prospective studies or large clinical registries should be conducted to clarify whether this pract results for the first time indicate that various gcs and various cgmpdependent signaling pathways can modulate the activity of ap andor nfκb and thus affect the expressions of ilβ il and tnfα which play important roles in the OD of inflammation
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generalized pustular psoriasis gpp is a severe form of psoriasis that can be caused by missense mutations in the interleukin il receptor antagonist in addition to neutrophil rich skin inflammation gpp patients typically also experience anorexia fever malaise and pain the imiquimodinduced skin inflammation mouse MM has rapidly become a popular way to study PI PS which typically does not involve PS of systemic disease in this MM neutrophil recruitment to the skin is dependent upon the inflammatory mediators il via its receptor ilr and il
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to evaluate the role of mycobacterial infection in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis several CG have attempted to identify mycobacterial dna in clinical samples from these patients by PCR reaction pcr but widely divergent results have been obtained it has been suggested that differences in the sensitivity of the procedures used may explain these discrepant results to test this possibility the presence of mycobacterial dna was sought in biopsies from SAR using sequence capturepcr a procedure that is fold more sensitive in detecting mycobacterial dna in paucibacillary samples than standard pcr protocols using this RPA dna corresponding to two different sequences specific for organisms of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex the s insertion element and the dr region could not be detected in any of the biopsies from patients with SA whereas a high proportion of positive results was obtained for tissue biopsies and other clinical samples from patients with AS tuberculosis including samples that were smearnegativeculturepositive and smearnegativeculturenegative these results support prior studies suggesting that m tuberculosis does not play a pathogenic role in sarcoidosis in most patients
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a yearold woman was admitted to intensive care with severe hyponatraemia she suffered from lower ABD pain vomiting and irritability since one week PCS findings showed euvolemia and an altered mental status with severe agitation and slurred speech abdominal examination was painful but there were no signs of peritonitis laboratory data were compatible with the diagnosis of SIADH since patient was in a premenstrual phase recently started to take an oral contraceptive and since no abnormalities were seen on an abdominal ct scan the presentation was considered suggestive of an acute porphyria attack a urinary sample indicated markedly increased C2 of deltaaminolevulinic acid porphobilinogen and uroporphyrin a low activity of the porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme confirmed the diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria the present case demonstrates the need for a high level of suspicion in order to diagnose this disorder in unexplained syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and prevent lifethreatening complications
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intermediate uveitis is characterized by vitreal inflammation with associated inflammation of the vitreous base and peripheral anterior retina and choroid it may be found as an isolated and idiopathic condition or in association with SVR disorders such as multiple sclerosis and sarcoidosis
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a severely ill yearold man presented with PS of shortness of breath edema and vasculitidic purpura over his lower extremities he had severe MR which had not been surgically treated hematologic examination demonstrated leukocytosis with profound anemia other blood tests revealed impaired renal CF hypoalbuminemia hypocomplementemia and mixedtype cryoglobulinemia urinalysis showed PU hematuria and pyuria typical of a nephritic sediment renal biopsy indicated diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and a full house deposition in immunofluorescence T0 positive for c c cq igg iga and igm resembling the pathologic findings in class iv LN although subacute BE was initially suspected owing to a history of a predisposing VHD probable vegetation shown by cardiac sonography and a clinical picture suggestive of a chronic infection it was thought unlikely due to the entire afebrile course and initial sterile blood cultures however the blood cultures repeated weeks after admission grew sets of viridans streptococci following a course of penicillin and gentamicin treatment his renal function anemia and abnormal urine sediments improved gradually diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis is well known to occur in IE however the full house immunostaining in immunofluorescence T0 has never been reported this case adds a new entity to the differential diagnosis of full house immune complexrelated glomerulonephritis and exemplifies the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for underlying infectious disorders when facing glomerulonephritic or vasculitic syndrome
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determination of correct working length is one of the keys to success in endodontic therapy
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in the guinea pig six common phenotypes for hemolytically active c were detected they resulted from three allotypic SCV a basic B6 and two more acidic variants ca and ca the GF for B6 in the outbred population was for ca and for ca these variants were inherited as autosomal codominant traits a strong linkagedisequilibrium between c and c allotypes was observed consisting of the pairs cacf cacs whereas B6 was associated with either cs or cs to investigate the linkage of c to the mhc a family of strain x strain om was studied the B6 allotype segregated with the strain haplotype of om whereas ca does the same with the strain haplotype during the ctyping an animal totally deficient in hemolytic c activity was discovered its c c c c factors b d and h were normal breeding yielded finally homozygous and heterozygousdeficient individuals the latter ones exhibited to of the hemolytic activity of normal guinea pigs combined typing data of c c and gpla showed that the deficient gene behaved like a rare silent S2 of c which is gplalinked and inherited like the normal cvariants an antiserum against c was raised in cdeficient animals which reacted with normal guinea pig serum but not with SS from cdeficient animals no crossreactivity with human or mouse serum could be detected
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degloving injuries to anterior ABD wall are rare due to the MOI pedicled TFL is known to be a versatile flap with ability to reach the lower anterior abdomen a yearold man who was involved in a road traffic accident presented with degloving injury and defect at the left inguinal region SC injury and scrotal bruises at investigation he was found to have pelvic fracture the management consisted of colostomy and tensor fascia lata to cover the defect at reversal though he developed burst abdomen on fifth postoperative day the flap healed with no complications
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the dosage or the time interval of administration or both of many antimicrobial agents must be adjusted in anephric patients or those with compromised renal function antimicrobial agents that must have adjustment of dosages include most but not all of the penicillins and cephalosporins the AGs vancomycin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole the maximal doses of these agents generally should be decreased in proportion with the extent of reduction in renal function the dosage of chloramphenicol clindamycin rifampin nafcillin and ceftriaxone probably need not be adjusted if hepatic CF is essentially normal the suggested doses are relatively crude guidelines to initial antimicrobial therapy SS antimicrobial assays are frequently indicated hages proteinfree lipopolysaccharide preparations significantly inhibited fcmediated phagocytosis less than of control at concentrations of ngml or greater T3 min of incubation the inhibitory effect of lps microgramsml was blocked when macrophages were incubated with mono di or trisialogangliosides microgramsml neither asialoganglioside nor sialic acid CT were capable of blocking the effect of lps when chromatographed separately on a sepharose b column lps and trisialoganglioside had different elution profiles lps and trisialoganglioside coeluted however when premixed at degrees c for min and then applied to the column therefore abrogation of the effect of lps on fcdependent phagocytosis may occur as a consequence of direct interaction between lps and gangliosides these data suggest that gangliosides may modulate the response of macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
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a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate is one of the L1 congenital anomalies observed in newborns this T0 explored the risk factors for oral clefts in gorgan northern iran
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infection of a MS ter or worse than the others in conveying genetic information to counselees group or audiovisual counseling is accepted by counselees as well as or better than individual counseling the audiovisual format presents the same information as a counselor in half the time and genetic counseling for clp is an underprovided service by san antonios clp treatment teams
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the deliberate use of microorganisms and toxins as weapons has been attempted throughout PH BW has evolved from the crude use of cadavers to contaminate water supplies to the OD of specialized munitions for battlefield and covert use the modern OD of biological agents as weapons has paralleled advances in basic and applied microbiology these include the ID of virulent pathogens suitable for aerosol delivery and industrialscale fermentation processes to produce C1 quantities of pathogens and toxins the history of BW is difficult to assess because of a number of confounding AF these include difficulties in verification of alleged or attempted biological attacks the use of allegations of biological attacks for propaganda purposes the paucity of pertinent microbiological or epidemiologic data and the incidence of naturally occurring endemic or epidemic diseases during hostilities biological warfare has been renounced by nations primarily for strategic and other pragmatic reasons international diplomatic efforts including the biological weapons convention have not been entirely effective in preventing the enhancement and proliferation of offensive biological warfare programs the threats posed by biological weapons are likely to continue into the future
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neoplastic diseases of macrophages m phi and dendritic cells dc collectively called histiocytoses are relatively rare the etiology of most forms of histiocytosis is poorly understood and the development of animal models is crucial for further research in this field previously an animal model for malignant histiocytosis mh involving transformed histiocytic cells has been generated by infecting mice with MH sarcoma virus mhsv however increased insight into the heterogeneity of m phi and dc and the associated reappraisal of human proliferative diseases involving these cells inspired us to reevaluate the mouse MM we analyzed spleen bone marrow and lymph NO of susceptible mice at various time points T3 infection from day onwards a heterogeneous population of cells consisting of cd alpha langerin dc ermp cdb myeloid F0 cells cd metallophilic m phi and cdhi erythroblasts was affected by viral transformation in different mice these subsets expanded at different rates in different organs causing a variable disease profile in terminal stages cell lines which were generated from mhsvtransformed PT showed a dclike morphology and phenotype and appeared to be arrested in different stages of maturation upon injection into healthy mice different preferential homing patterns were observed for the various cell lines and the cells acquired distinct phenotypes depending on the organ of homing this indicates that these transformed cells adapt to their microenvironment by switching between F0 dclangerhans cell and m phi phenotypes our results demonstrate that the mhsv model represents a heterogeneous neoplastic disease with characteristics of m phidc sarcomas
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CBF cortical perfusion was monitored continuously with LDF and quantitative measurements of CBF blood flow performed with the freely diffusible tracer iodonmethylcantipyrine in the alphachloraloseanesthetized cat the facial nerve was isolated from the BS via a posterior fossa craniotomy and electrically stimulated at frequencies of and s a stimuluslocked frequencydependent increase in cerebral perfusion was seen in the PC the mean maximum increase was at s this compared with an absolute flow of ml gmin at the same site in addition the response was associated with a marked increase in CBF A-V o content indicating that it is a primary neurogenic dilator response this response could be blocked by hexamethonium but not by atropine and was thus mediated by an autonomic ganglion but not by the classical muscarinic postsynaptic receptor sectioning of the facial nerve did not alter CVR to hypercapnia these data confirm the vasodilator effect of activation of the FN and document its mediation through an intermediate parasympathetic ganglion consistent with previous data the FN does not appear to play a role in hypercapnic cerebral vasodilatation furthermore this T0 highlights the usefulness of laser doppler flowmetry in the CBF circulation and in particular in the setting where repeated measures are required such as in pharmacological studies
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a simple and rapid homogeneous enzyme immunoassay involving the use of the malic dehydrogenase enzyme and a longwavelength fluorophor the oxazine cresyl violet is proposed for the determination of the antibiotic amikacin in water samples an enzymatic tracer has been synthesized by CB of amikacin to malic dehydrogenase via a carbodiimide derivative free tracer catalyses the reaction between cresyl violet and malic acid giving rise to a decrease in the fluorescence of the fluorophor kinetic curves for this reaction have been monitored at lambdaex and lambdaem nm using the stoppedflow mixing technique being the initial rate measured in only s the dynamic range of the method is ng ml and the detection limit is ng ml using AQ standard solutions or water sampby methylcyclopropene did not abolish hoinduced cell death indicating that ho acts downstream of ethylene microarray studies of epidermal cells that undergo cell death identified genes coregulated by the ethylenereleasing compound ethephon and by ho supporting a joint signaling pathway regulation of the ethylene biosynthetic genes aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase and DDE overproducerlike and downregulation of metallothioneinb mtb which encodes a ROS scavenger indicated mutual enhancement of DDE and ho signaling analysis of mtb knockdown mutants showed that cell death rates were inversely related to mtb transcript abundance epidermal cells above adventitious roots have a morphological and molecular identity distinct from other epidermal cells prodeath signals regulated several transcription factor genes with a proposed CF in cell type specification it is hypothesized that induction of cell death is dependent on epidermal cell identity
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this study investigated the expression of osteoprotegerin opg in healthy and inflamed dental pulps histological sections microm thick of teeth either cariesfree or affected by gross caries were used sections were stained with hematoxylineosin and other sections of the same specimen were subjected to the avidinbiotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical procedure for detection of opg the study focused on the coronal pulp that was divided into IP and central regions in the IP pulp healthy and inflamed specimens showed high opg immunoreactivity of the odontoblastic SL when no inflammation was present in the central pulp opg immunoreactivity was light fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed immunoreactivity ranging from none to intense when inflammation was present in the central pulp the chronic inflammatory cells showed intense immunoreactivity
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climate refugia are regions that animals can retreat to persist in and potentially then expand from under declined effect of rhoa and the rhoa effector rhoassociated protein kinase rock in MI and reperfusion injury that is associated with cardiomyocyte survival and caspase activation cardiacspecific deletion of rac reduced ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetic hearts whereas cardiomyocyte specific overexpression of active rac predisposes the heart to increased myocardial injury with enhanced contractile dysfunction gtpaseactivating proteins gaps control the activation of rho proteins through stimulation of gtp hydrolysis however the impact of gaps in myocardial ischemia and RI remains elusive here we analyzed the role of oligophrenin ophn a rhogap with binamphiphysinrvs bar domain known to regulate the activity of rhoa rac and cdc in mi the expression of ophn rhoa and rac is strongly upregulated h T3 MI loss of ophn induced enhanced activity of rho effector molecules leading to elevated CM apoptosis and increased migration of inflammatory cells into the infarct border zone of ophn deficient mice consequently echocardiography h T3 MI revealed declined LV CF in ophn deficient mice our results indicate that ophn mediated regulation of rhoa rac and cdc is crucial for the preservation of cardiac CF T3 myocardial injury
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ischemic postconditioning ipost is a strategy to provide protection against ischemiareperfusion ir injury the cardioprotective effects of ipost in cases of ICM heart disease along with comorbidities like hyperthyroidism remain unknown the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ipost on expression of enos inos bax and bcl genes in hyperthyroid male rats subjected to myocardial ir HT was induced by adding thyroxine to drinking water for a period of days using the langendorff device NF were perfused then subjected to a minute GI which was followed by min of reperfusion subsequently ipost was induced immediately after ischemia results indicated that following ir expression of enos and bcl decreased whereas expression of inos and bax increased in both the control and hyperthyroid CG in hyperthyroid animals ipost significantly increased expression of enos by fold and bcl by fold it also decreased expression of bax by and reduced irinduced dna laddering DP and IS ± vs ± p in the presence of AMG ag a selective inos inhibitor in conclusion ipost per se could not provide cardioprotection against MI in hyperthyroid rats a loss of which however was restored by the combination of ipost and inos inhibition that acts by a decrease in bax and an increase in both enos and bcl expression
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statins statins inhibitors have been shown to reduce clinical events in excess of what can be explained by altering lipid profile statins have been shown to possess modest antioxidant and antiplatelet aggregatory effect we postulated that statins may accordingly inhibit arterial thrombus formation to assess the antithrombotic effects of atorvastatin a commonly used statin in response to an oxidant CS- we fed SDRs either regular chow or chow mixed with ATV mgkg for days n in each group eight rats in each group were also given oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein intravenously prior to the induction of thrombus an occlusive thrombus was created in the ABD aorta by application of whatman paper soaked in fecl the time to occlusive thrombus formation was not altered by administration of Ox MDA-LDL in the rats fed regular chow or chow mixed with ATV however time to thrombosis was increased in the group given chow mixed with atorvastatin minutes vs minutes p to determine the mechanism of atorvastatins antithrombotic effect we measured the expression of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase cnos in rat aortas by western analysis the cnos protein expression was enhanced in rats fed chow with ATV p vs rats fed regular chow plasma levels of total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoproteincholesterol were similar in all groups this T0 shows that atorvastatin delays thrombus formation in arterial channels exposed to oxidant stress this effect of ATV appears to be related to increased expression of cnos which is known to inhibit platelet aggregation and induce vasodilatation the effects of atorvastatin are independent of its effects on plasma cholesterol C2
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aimed at reducing surgical deaths several initiatives have attempted to establish volumebased referral strategies in high risk surgery the detailed analysis of the literature of the last years comprising papers on esophageal CA shows a clear reduction in postoperative mortality with increasing case volumes per year single papers have analyzed the main reasons for this phenomenon and showed that postoperative complication rates are lower in highvolume hospitals and management of complications is more successful further longterm prognosis is also correlated to casevolume in conclusion the analysis shows that only with the experience of more than esophagectomies per year can a significant reduction of the mortality down to be achieved based on this survey surgery of esophageal cancer is a task for highvolume hospitals because of decreased postoperative mortality and improved LT prognosis compared with low volume hospitals
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the glial response to WD was studied in optic nerves following unilateral enucleation in immature rats aged days old p the threedimensional morphology of dyefilled glia was determined in intact nerves at postenucleation day in normal SN from UT p rats by correlating laser scanning confocal microscopy and camera lucida drawings of single cells in normal and transected SN the majority of dyefilled cells comprized astrocytes and respectively in normal p nerves the predominant astrocyte form had a complex stellate morphology and had a centrallylocated cell body from which branching processes extended randomly two other distinct forms were transverse and longitudinal astrocytes which had a polarized process extension in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the nerve respectively these forms were recognized in transected nerves also but astrocytes in transected nerves had a simple morphology on the whole and D2 few dense processes which branched infrequently quantitative analysis of astrocyte morphology confirmed that individual astrocytes underwent considerable remodelling in response to wallerian degeneration a prominent reaction was that astrocytes had withdrawn radial processes and D2 a greater proportion of processes longitudinally parallel to the long axis of the nerve and along the course of degenerated axons a further notable feature of transected SN was the development of novel longitudinal forms and of HCM astroglia these results indicated that all astrocytes became reactive following enucleation and that glial scar formation was not the CF of a single astrocyte AT1 oligodendrocytes in transected SN had lost their myelin sheaths and appeared as small cells with numerous bifurcating processes which extended radially but a small number of oligodendrocytes were recognized which apparently supported myelin sheaths compared to in normal nerves in addition there was a significant population of indeterminate cells in transected nerves compared to in normal SN and although some of these were identified as microgliamacrophages it was concluded that many were likely to be dedifferentiated oligodendrocytes
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the pathogenesis prevention and treatment of corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis are reviewed prolonged administration of CSs causes OP resulting in significant morbidity and mortality cumulative corticosteroid doses greater than g age greater than years and preexisting low BMC are risk factors for corticosteroidinduced OP longterm prospective controlled studies on prevention and treatment of corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis are limited measures for preventing corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis include correcting modifiable risk AF and using the lowest ERP oral or inhaled corticosteroid dose for the shortest period of time routine use of fluoride AS vitamin d thiazide diuretics injected calcitonin or calcium supplements alone is not recommended intranasal calcitonin and pamidronate are possibilities for future treatment of corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis ERT should be considered in PM women receiving corticosteroids deflazacort a new synthetic corticosteroid may provide a promising alternative to existing SVR corticosteroid therapy more LT controlled prospective trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of treatments for corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis and to develop improved methods for monitoring response to therapy
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the s enantiomer of cnalphadimethylbenzylamine dmba was synthesized by nmethylation of salphamethylbenzylamine and its biodistribution in mice was measured csdmba was rapidly distributed into the brain heart and lungs and considerable longterm retention in the BB was observed the radioactive metabolites in the plasma were analyzed by liquid chromatography kinetic analysis using unmetabolized cdmba in the plasma as the input CF was performed employing a simplified twocompartment MM the estimated CSD volumes dv of cdmba in the BB and heart were and respectively the RA striatum of the rat BB was lesioned with IBO acid weeks before the tracer experiment both in vitro and in vivo autoragiographic studies were performed and revealed significant reduction of the radioactivity levels in the lesioned striatum on the other hand the regional CBF blood flow as measured by IAP was not significantly altered in the lesioned striatum these results indicate that the ionic IB component for dmba exists mainly in neural cells rather than in glial cells cdmba might be a useful radiotracer for PCD of neural cell loss in the BB
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dancers exert tremendous stresses on the lower extremities rendering them prone to injuries that can curtail training and performance the goal of this study was to evaluate clinical improvement in a population of elite dancers following treatment with ultrasoundguided plateletrich plasma prp injections of various LE CS by assessing when they were able to return to dance nineteen dancers female male ages to were treated between and at CS that included hamstring tendon PT iliotibial band patellar tendon PTT PB tendon plantar fascia and the first metatarsophalangeal mtp joint capsule injections were performed by a single radiologist using the same prp kit under ultrasound guidance all patients adhered to standard postcare instructions including nonweightbearing and avoidance of nsaids for at least weeks postinjection clinical charts were reviewed for AF including adherence to PI immobilization and PT physical exam assessments and milestones in returning to dance the timepoint for returning to dance was defined by attendance of class or rehearsal without symptoms referring to the treated site eighteen subjects achieved return to dance in months or less and the majority within months of i.t. five subjects required more than months REC time these cases all involved foot and ankle CS of these two subjects required repeat i.v. and both returned to dance within months of the second injection in the single case where prp treatment failed the injury treated was severe plantar fasciopathy with a highgrade central cord tear it is concluded that ultrasoundguided prp i.v. may play a role in the treatment of various LE injuries in elite dancers with the majority of subjects in this series returning to dance within months recovery time may vary depending on the site treated and severity of the presenting injury
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bovine paratuberculosis is caused by the infection of young calves with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis resulting in a chronic granulomatous infection of predominantly the ileum T3 an incubation period of to years the disease becomes progressive in some of the chronically infected but asymptomatic cows this results in a PLE that will ultimately be fatal a loss of cellmediated immune responses in symptomatic animals has been described but no information is available concerning immune CR in the intestine we sought to investigate putative disease statusassociated lymphocyte subset distributions and antigenspecific functional characteristics of MNC cells isolated from blood gutassociated LT and the intestinal walls of cows in different stages of disease and in control animals the results demonstrated a significant decrease in cd tcell frequency and a significant increase in tcrn gamma delta tcell frequency in ileum lamina propria lymphocytes of symptomatic animals compared to the asymptomatic shedders IH revealed that there was also an absolute decrease in the number of cd t cells in sections of the lesional ileum our findings also indicated that both IP and intestinal cellmediated responses are decreased in symptomatic animals compared to asymptomatic animals we conclude that the decrease in cellmediated responses is likely related to a loss of antigenspecific cd t cells which is most prominent in the lesional ileum from symptomatic animals thus contributing to the progressive nature of bovine paratuberculosis
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bone aging was studied in an experimental MM rabbit femur in three populations aged and years cortical bone histology was compared with a data set from a monthold population of an earlier published paper from yearold onward the mean femur length did not increase further thereafter the mean marrow area increased and the cortical area decreased significantly with aging this was associated with a structural DP transformation from plexiform to laminar and then haversianlike type the distal metaepiphysis bone trabecular density of the oldest populations also was significantly lower in specific regions of interest roi percentage sealed primary vascular canals in laminar bone significantly increased with aging without variation of percentage sealed AA osteons remodeling rate reflected by the density of cutting cones did not significantly change among the age populations these data suggest that laminar bone V1 pattern is more functional in the fast diaphyseal expansion but not much streamlined with the renewal of blood flow during secondary remodeling bone aging was characterized by secondary CR subendosteally increment of sealed primary vascular canals number increased calcium content of the cortex cortical and TBM loss in specific rois taken together the present data may give a morphological and morphometric basis to perform comparative studies on experimental models of osteoporosis in the rabbit
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studies of exp muscle regeneration revealed that certain constituents of talc are actively damaging the regeneration of muscle tissue and produce characteristic reaction of the tuberculoid type biosorbr which contains ST and has been marketed for a similar use affects regeneration only as a foreign body the elimination of talc from surgical practice and its substitution by some neutral material is recommended
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complex dna fragment patterns produced by random amplified polymorphic dna rapd assays were separated in agarose as well as polyacrylamide gels using a continuous buffer and two discontinuous buffer systems with and without urea respectively the effect of very high field strengthcurrent levels on the duration of separation the relative mobilities of the selected bands and the appearance of the pattern was tested the use of discontinuous buffer systems resulted in sharper bands and better resolution at min duration of separation for dna fragments in the size range of base pairs these observations could help researchers in the rapid separation of band patterns produced by PCR reaction pcrbased methods utilized in small to midscale genome searches
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lactating rats were exposed to or ppm cadmium as Cd chloride in the drinking water a battery of neurobehavioural tests was applied to the male F1 after weaning at weeks until months of age the mean cadmium levels in exposed pup kidneys ranged from to mgkg wet weight at weaning with the corresponding maternal kidney cadmium C2 ranging from to mgkg wet weight significantly increased activity during the initial min of the spontaneous motor activity test was observed in the highestdose group compared to the control group the activity outcome was significantly positively correlated with Cd levels in the pup kidneys no cadmiumrelated changes in performance were observed in the morris water maze the eshaped maze or the elevated plusmaze the results indicate that neurobehavioural effects during OD may be a more CS parameter for cd toxicity than renal dysfunction
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netherton syndrome ns is a severe genodermatosis characterized by abnormal scaling and constant atopic manifestations ns is caused by mutations in spink serine protease inhibitor kazaltype which encodes lekti lymphoepithelial kazal typerelated inhibitor lack of lekti causes SC detachment secondary to epidermal PRs hyperactivity whereas a skin barrier defect is generally regarded as a major cause for atopy we previously identified a cellautonomous signaling cascade that triggers proth cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin tslp production in lektideficient epidermis this signaling is initiated by unrestricted kallikrein klk activity which directly activates PAR-2 parmediated expression of tslp and favors a cutaneous proallergic microenvironment independently of the environment and of the adaptive IS to further confirm these results in vivo we generated spinkpar double knockout dko mice at embryonic day these mice display a dramatic decrease in tslp expression although stratum corneum detachment persists confirming the role of the klkpar cascade in tslpmediated early proallergic signaling however deletion of par in AD dkografted skin does not rescue the inflammatory phenotype probably resulting from stratum corneum detachment we conclude that several mechanisms trigger and maintain the inflammatory phenotype in ns these include skin barrier impairment mechanical stress secondary to stratum corneum detachment as well as proteaseinduced proinflammatory and proallergic pathways including parmediated overexpression of tslp
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deltatetrahydrocannabinol thc exhibits antitumor effects on various CA cell types but its use in chemotherapy is limited by its psychotropic activity we investigated the antitumor MICs of other plant cannabinoids ie cannabidiol cannabigerol cannabichromene cannabidiol acid and thc acid and assessed whether there is any advantage in using cannabis extracts enriched in either cannabidiol or thc over pure CBs results obtained in a panel of RT cell lines clearly indicate that of the five natural EDC tested cannabidiol is the most potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth ic between and microm with significantly lower potency in noncancer cells the cannabidiolrich extract was equipotent to cannabidiol whereas cannabigerol and CBC followed in the rank of potency both cannabidiol and the cannabidiolrich extract inhibited the growth of xenograft PT obtained by sc injection into athymic mice of human mdamb breast carcinoma or rat vkrastransformed thyroid epithelial cells and reduced lung metastases deriving from intrapaw i.t. of mdamb cells judging from several experiments on its possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of action we propose that cannabidiol lacks a unique mode of action in the cell lines investigated at least for mdamb cells however our experiments indicate that cannabidiol effect is due to its capability of inducing apoptosis via direct or indirect activation of cannabinoid B6 and VR1 TRP vanilloid type receptors and cannabinoidvanilloid receptorindependent elevation of intracellular ca and reactive oxygen species our data support the further testing of cannabidiol and cannabidiolrich extracts for the potential treatment of cancer
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the effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy was evaluated in previously untreated stage iii ovarian CA patients response rate progressionfree interval and survival were considerably better than in a similar group of patients treated with a single alkylating agent alone
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serum potentially carries an archive of important histological information whose determination could serve to improve early disease detection the analysis of serum however is analytically challenging due to the high dynamic concentration range of constituent proteinpeptide species necessitating extensive fractionation prior to MS analyses the low molecular weight lmw SS proteome is that proteinpeptide fraction from which high molecular weight proteins such as Al immunoglobulins transferrin and lipoproteins have been removed this lmw fraction is made up of several classes of physiologically important proteins such as cytokines chemokines peptide hormones as well as proteolytic fragments of larger proteins centrifugal UF of serum was used to remove the C1 constituent proteins resulting in the enrichment of the lmw proteinspeptides because Al is known to bind and transport small molecules and peptides within the circulatory system the centrifugal ultrafiltration was conducted under solvent conditions effecting the disruption of proteinprotein interactions the lmw SS proteome sample was digested with trypsin fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography and analyzed by microcapillary reversedphase liquid chromatography coupled online with ESI MS/MS spectrometry analysis of the tandem mass spectra resulted in the identification of over human serum proteins however not a single peptide from serum Al was observed the C1 number of proteins identified demonstrates the efficacy of this method for the removal of large abundant proteins and the enrichment of the lmw SS proteome
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to evaluate the efficacies of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ptca and CABG cabg for AP early and followup data were reviewed in patients who had undergone these procedures from to in patients with single VD there were no significant differences in initial success rate and early and late incidences of L1 complications or cardiac death between patients with elective ptca and with urgent when compared in patients with multivessel disease however significant differences in success rate were found between patients in the elective ptca group and in whom ptca was urgent vs p less than significant differences were also found in early incidence of L1 complications vs p less than early mortality vs p less than and the late incidence of CE vs p less than these results show that freedom from cardiac death and overall cardiac events in the elective ptca group as significantly better than that in the urgent group at months of followup comparing early and followup results on the other hand there was no statistically significant difference between the elective and urgent cabg groups thus there appear to be limitations on the urgent use of ptca for refractory unstable angina caused by multivessel disease and urgent cabg was recommended to highrisk patients of urgent ptca
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we have used horseradish peroxidaselabeled mer oligodeoxynucleotides hrpodns TPS for the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene hcmvie and a novel dinitrophenoltyramide signal amplification reagent dnptsa plus to evaluate their utility in fluorescence in situ hybridization fish for dna fish single or cocktails of hrpodns were hybridized to metaphase chromosomes of rat g cells which as determined by dna fiber fish carry an integrated tandem repeat of copies of the hcmvie gene with one layer of dnptsa plus deposition and subsequent detection with a fluorochromeconjugated antibody four hrpodns were needed to detect the hcmvie integration site when employing two tsa amplification rounds one hrpodn was sufficient for obtaining a strong signal of the integrated gene cluster indicating that hrp molecules can be detected with ease in addition to dna fish we report here the first use of hrpodn probes for mrna PCD by fish a single hrpodn and one dnptsa plus step resulted in clear visualization of the hcmvie gene transcripts in rat g cells induced for hcmvie expression by cycloheximide two tsa detection steps enhanced signal intensities even further parallel experiments with haptenlabeled odn and cdna probes and conventional PCD methods illustrated the superiority of the hrpodntsa RPA in dna and rna fish
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the collagen vii gene cola is the candidate gene for both the recessive and dominant forms of dystrophic EB ebd collagen vii is a structural protein of the anchoring fibrils which are rudimentary or altered in several subtypes of ebd in severe recessive mutilating ebd anchoring fibrils and collagen vii are not detectable in skin of most patients to elucidate the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms we analyzed collagen vii expression in cutaneous cells of six patients with this severe ebd AT1 neither KCs nor fibroblasts synthesized detectable amounts of collagen vii protein however RNA blot analysis revealed small amounts of normalsize collagen vii mrna in both ebd and control fibroblasts when the mrna was amplified using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction correct amplimers were present in all specimens the results demonstrate that transcription of the cola gene occurs in these patients with severe mutilating ebd and suggest that posttranscriptional or posttranslational events lead to absence of collagen vii protein from skin
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we examined the usefulness of scores on the personality assessment inventory pai morey in predicting treatment program violations aissions and policies we assert that in the current complex environment between researchers funding agencies physicians patients providers producers payers regulatory agencies and litigators opportunities for translatable successes are minimized under the various risks assumed in the translation process this argues for an alternative RPA to more effectively introduce new biomaterials and device technologies that can address the clinical issues by providing patients and medical practitioners new options for desperate clinical conditions ineffectively addressed by biomedical innovation
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the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti ip is fairly easy in the presence of classical features but can be difficult in cases with partial or NC features especially in the parents the demonstration that the disease is caused by mutations in the nemo gene has remarkably improved genetic counselling for this disorder we present four families of ip in whom molecular studies established an unequivocal diagnosis in the affected daughters and showed two mothers to be carriers thus allowing accurate genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis
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cystic echinococcosis ce caused by echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto ss is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection which is endemic in serbia where it is subject to mandatory reporting however information on the incidence of the disease in humans and prevalence of hydatid infection in livestock remains limited we used sequenced data of the cytochrome c oxidase S1 cox mitochondrial gene to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of e granulosus ss from intermediate hosts from serbia we also compared our generated nucleotide sequences with those reported for neighbouring european countries echinococcus canadensis was molecularly confirmed from pig and human hydatid isolates e granulosus g was confirmed from sheep and cattle hydatid isolates as well as the first molecular confirmation in serbia of e granulosus g in sheep and e granulosus g in sheep and cattle hydatid isolates the serbian e granulosus ss parsimony network displayed main haplotypes sb and sb which together with the neutrality indices were suggestive of bottleneck andor balancing selection haplotype analysis showed the presence of the common e granulosus haplotype described from other worldwide regions investigation of the pairwise fixation fst index suggested that serbian populations of e granulosus ss from sheep and cattle hosts showed moderate genetic differentiation six of the serbian haplotypes sbsb were shared with haplotypes from bulgaria hungary andor romania further studies using a larger number of hydatid isolates from various locations across serbia will provide more information on the genetic structure of e granulosus ss within this region
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the aim of this T0 was to evaluate whether supplementation of acetyllcarnitine alc to pegylatedinterferonα b pegifnα b and ribavirin rbv improves the healthrelated SQ of life during the treatment for chronic HC thereby decreasing the risk of treatment discontinuation sixty patients with CHC underwent treatment with pegifnα b rbv group a n or pegifnα b rbv alc group b n for months at the end of the study the comparison between group a and group b showed significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase ast versus p alanine aminotransferase versus p viremia versus p MH versus p PCS functioning versus p rolephysical versus p bodily pain versus p general health versus p vitality versus p SF versus p physical fatigue versus p mental fatigue versus p and fatigue severity scale versus p alc supplementation reduced both mental and PCS fatigue improved healthrelated SQ of life and therefore has the potential to increase patient adherence to the combination regimen this in turn may increase the percentage of patients achieving a SVR
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in the rat an intraseptal injection of the gammaaminobutyric acid gaba agonist muscimol decreases the kcat of acetylcholine in the hippocampus and during extinction of a foodreinforced leverpress response increases extinction responding in a dosedependent manner intraseptal betaendorphin decreases the turnover rate of HPC acetylcholine through activation of septal gabaergic interneurons and increases extinction responding on the other hand intraseptal substance p which decreases the turnover rate of HPC acetylcholine in a manner unrelated to septal gabaergic mechanisms fails to increase extinction responding the kcat of acetylcholine in various HPC regions after intraseptal injection of muscimol and substance p was also studied muscimol decreases the acetylcholine turnover rate only in the ventral hippocampus whereas substance p decreases it only in the dorsal hippocampus we hypothesize that a lowering in the cholinergic input to the ventral hippocampus is capable of increasing extinction responding whereas a decrease in the input to the dorsal hippocampus is without such an effect hence the cholinergic projections to the two hippocampal areas are modulated by different transmitter systems and have different physiological functions
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obesity is the result of excessive SE accumulation and is associated with many diseases we previously reported that universal repression xplicit ionsimplicit water model is based on a significantly modified generalized born gb MM and utilizes a nonstandard RPA to define the solutesolvent dielectric boundary specifically the MM includes modifications to the gb interaction terms for the case of multiple interacting solutesdisconnected dielectric boundary around the soluteion or ionion pairs a fully analytical description of all energy components for chargecharge interactions is provided the effectiveness of the RPA is demonstrated by calculating the potential of mean force for na
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SA is a widely identified problem in our society AA is the most problematic yet most undertreated primary care practitioners often do not screen the geriatric population appropriately for atrisk drinking so the condition goes undiagnosed this oversight is complicated by the fact that many manifestations of AA do not present themselves until well into the disease process this article explores the practitioners role in geriatric alcohol abuse assessment and treatment and the impact of geriatric alcohol abuse on society
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e is the major oncoprotein of highrisk human papillomaviruses hpv which causes CC to date e oncoproteins have not been investigated in C2 adenocarcinoma in this study we generated a rabbit monoclonal antihpv e antibody rabmab which recognizes a conformational epitope in the e carboxyterminal zincfinger resulting in a strong increase in the sensitivity for the PCD of cellassociated hpv e protein relative to conventional polyclonal antihpv e antibodies using rabmab we show that the subcellular localization of endogenous hpv e oncoprotein varies during the Tc in CC cells moreover we demonstrate for the first time that the hpv e oncoprotein is abundantly expressed in cervical adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma suggesting an important role of hpv e for the OD of these tumors our findings suggest that the hpv e oncoprotein could be a useful marker for the PCD of C2 adenocarcinoma and their precursors
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catastrophic neurologic events occur rarely postoperatively and must be diagnosed quickly a yearold woman who had undergone uneventful total hip arthroplasty experienced obtundation after admission to the postanesthesia ECU cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lesions consistent with ischemia or infarction and fat cerebral embolism was diagnosed we describe the numerous complications that may occur in patients in the postanesthesia care unit and review the differential diagnosis of altered mental status in such patients paradoxical cerebral fat embolization must be considered in the differential diagnosis of altered mental status T3 pelvic or long bone fracture or LE major joint replacement and this condition may occur despite normal pulmonary function and no patent foramen ovale or righttoleft intracardiac shunt magnetic resonance imaging with tweighted sequences is the cranial imaging T0 of choice for early DUE of patients with suddns induced the greatest axogenic response in males and in this case only a neuritogenic effect could be demonstrated for oestradiol on the other hand astrogliacm from regions that do not receive projections from VMH inhibited axon growth a sexual difference in the response of Thy neurons to astrogliacm and oestradiol was found growth of SN from female foetuses was increased by astrogliacm from mesencephalon but no neuritogenic effect could be demonstrated for oestradiol in these cultures blot immunobinding demonstrated the presence of receptors for neurotrophic factors in cultures of Thy SN western blot analysis of these cultures demonstrated that oestradiol increased the concentration of trkb and igfi rbeta whereas trka was not detected and the concentration of trkc was not modified these results support the hypothesis that target regions produce some factors that stimulate the growth of axons from projecting SN and further indicate that in the case of males this effect is modulated by oestradiol perhaps mediated through the upregulation of trkb and igfi receptors
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high concentrations of sulfur dioxide so as an air pollutant and its derivative sulfite cause abiotic stress that can lead to cell death it is currently unknown to what extent plant fumigation triggers TPS transcriptional responses to address this question and to test the hypothesis that sulfite oxidase so is acting in so detoxification we compared arabidopsis wildtype wt and so KO lines soko facing the impact of nl l so using rnaseq to quantify absolute transcript abundances these transcriptome data were correlated to sulfur metabolismrelated enzyme MICs and metabolites obtained from identical samples in a previous T0 soko plants exhibited remarkable and broad regulative responses at the mrna level especially in transcripts related to sulfur metabolism enzymes but also in those related to stress response and senescence focusing on so regulation no alterations were detectable in the wt whereas in soko plants we found upregulation of two SVs of the so gene although this gene is not PET in this line our data provide evidence for the highly TPS coregulation between so and sulfurrelated enzymes like aps reductase and suggest two novel candidates for involvement in so detoxification an apoplastic peroxidase and defensins as putative cysteine mass storages
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the purpose of this T0 was to examine the results of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve with or without axillary nerve neurotization and an oberlin transfer as primary treatment in children with narakas type i obstetric brachial plexus injuries when parents refused to consent to conventional nerve trunkrootlevel reconstruction a total of children with poor shoulder abduction and no biceps antigravity CF but with good hand function were treated with SAN to suprascapular nerve and an oberlin transfer at a mean age of months sd range all the patients were evaluated at a mean of years sd range to postoperatively three patients were lost to followup of the remainder had grade SP of elbow flexion and six patients had grade power at year followup all had SP of elbow flexion at final followup at final followup the mallet score was a mean of sd range to primary distal nerve transfers can give good outcomes in patients with obstetric brachial plexus injuries and may be an alternative to surgery on the nerve trunks
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the formation of cdihydroxyphenylalanine dopa from ctyrosine in the presence of the amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor brocresine hydroxybromobenzyloxyamine dihydrogen phosphate was greatly enhanced in rat vasa deferentia depolarized by a kclenriched KH solution mm kcl compared with tissues maintained in unmodified krebshenseleit solution when the conversion of IMT was allowed to proceed as far as catecholamine brocresine absent no significant difference was observed between the accumulation of ccatecholamines ca in depolarized rat vasa deferentia and the accumulation in control nondepolarized tissues endogenous ca levels in the depolarized rat vasa deferentia fell to of the controls T3 a h incubation period and to at the end of hours chromatographic separation on amberlite cg columns of the newly synthesized ca and catechol metabolites from the rat VD revealed that a very high proportion was present as dopamine the percentage distribution after h incubation in control krebshenseleit was noradrenaline na dopamine acid metabolites and in kclrich KH na dopamine and acid metabolites in contrast to the newly synthesized clabelled ca endogenous dopamine comprises only of the endogenous ca stores in rat vas deferens the CSD of newly synthesized na and dopamine in rat VD is strikingly different from that of guineapig vas deferens where more than of newly formed amine is present as na in the latter tissue depolarization with k causes a striking increase in ca biosynthesis
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a total of laboratory beagles was used to determine the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine the effects of atropine sulphate and glycopyrrolate on heart rate were also observed xylazine was included as a positive control medetomidine induced initial hypertension followed by a longer lasting hypotensive period evident bradycardia with second degree atrioventricular blocks and decrease in respiratory frequency was observed atropine sulphate and glycopyrrolate transiently abolished the bradycardic effect of medetomidine xylazine exhibited a similar cardiovascular and respiratory DP to medetomidine
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Ox an anabolic androgenic steroid has been shown repeatedly to lower plasma triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic patients this T0 was performed to determine which of seven subfractions of triglyceriderich lipoproteins are affected by the action of Ox with respect to both their plasma levels and composition concurrently we have determined the C2 and composition of hdl subfractions and the plasma C2 of the L1 hdl apoprotein apoai oxandrolone was po to two hypertriglyceridemic subjects one with type iii and one with type v hyperlipoproteinemia until plasma triglycerides were below the target level of mgdl two months and two weeks were required for the type iii and type v patients respectively in both subjects the treatment caused a reduction in the plasma C2 of all seven subclasses of triglyceriderich lipoproteins without altering their overall composition ldl were at least temporarily increased the reduction of vldl subfractions caused by Ox was accompanied by a progressive and consistent effect on hdl subfractions in both hypertriglyceridemic subjects in the type iii patient oxandrolone reduced hdl from low pretreatment levels further until they became undetectable the type v subject had no detectable hdl C2 prior to treatment in both subjects oxandrolone lowered the levels of hdl this lowering effect was caused by a preferential reduction of the less dense major hdl subfraction ie hdll causing the denser smaller hdl subfraction hdld to become the predominant hdl class the lowering of hdl levels was reflected by a decrease in the plasma levels of the L1 hdl apoprotein apoai this first report on the simultaneous reduction of vldl and the larger less dense hdl subclasses suggest that oxandrolone lowers plasma triglycerides by a mechanism other than increased lipolysis
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we describe here a patient with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of recombinase activating gene deficient ragdeficient scid who produced TPS antibodies despite minimal b cell numbers SM b cells were detected and antibodies were produced not only against some vaccines and infections but also against autoantigens the patient had severely reduced levels of oligoclonal t cells expressing the alphabeta tcr but surprisingly normal numbers of t cells expressing the gammadelta tcr analysis at a clonal level and tcr complementaritydetermining region spectratyping for gammadelta t cells revealed a diversified oligoclonal repertoire with predominance of cells expressing a gammadelta tcr several gammadelta t cell clones displayed reactivity against cmvinfected cells these observations are compatible with nonmutually exclusive explanations for the gammadelta t cell predominance a developmental advantage and infectiontriggered antigendriven peripheral expansion the patient carried the homozygous hypomorphic rh rag mutation leading to reduced vdj recombination but lacked all clinical features characteristic of omenn syndrome this report describes a new phenotype of rag deficiency and shows that the ability to form TPS antibodies does not exclude the diagnosis of scid
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preferenceaversion SMB to solutions containing neohesperidin dihydrochalcone nhdhc was studied rats and baboon monkeys electrophysiological responses evoked by application of nhdhc solutions to taste receptors innervated by the chorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerves were also measured as a group rats were indifferent to solutions containing up to x m nhdhc in short and longterm preference tests a solution containing the very high concentration of x m nhdhc was consumed less than water by all rats the aversive behavior of rats to the x m nhdhc solution appeared to be due to taste quality rather than olfaction when percent preferences were calculated on an individual basis for the LT preference tests of the rats were indifferent to solutions containing up to x m nhdhc of the animals found this solution aversive and less than showed preference behavioral responses to a solution of x m APM also varied considerably among rats the electrophysiological data were in L1 with the behavioral responses suggesting weak taste responses for nhdhc in rats more pronounced responses observed in the glossopharyngeal nerve as compared to the chorda tympani baboon monkeys showed a strong preference for solutions containing x m x m nhdhc a solution of x m was consumed to a lesser extent than water it is concluded that baboon monkeys present a better experimental MM than rats for investigating the sweetness of nhdhc
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peripheral blood MNC cells pbmc from patients with minimalchange nephrotic syndrome mcns were tested for their ability to produce a factor which increases the urinary protein excretion C2 of rats it was shown that enhanced proteinuria can be produced in hour urine specimens from rats by the i.t. of concentrated supernatants of cultured concanavalinastimulated pbmc of patients with mcns but not from other nephrotics or normal subjects the increase in urinary protein excretion was associated with a significant alteration of glomerular epithelial cells similar to that seen in mcns these results suggest that in mcns pbmc PR a factor which we termed a glomerular permeability factor gpf causing changes in glomerular permeability with resulting PU
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induction of neonatal t cell tolerance to soluble antigens requires the use of incomplete freunds adjuvant ifa the side effects that could be associated with ifa and the illdefined mechanism underlying neonatal tolerance are setbacks for this otherwise attractive strategy for prevention of t cellmediated AD presumably ifa contributes a slow antigen PR and induction of cytokines influential in t cell differentiation immunoglobulins igs have long halflives and could induce cytokine secretion by binding to fc receptors on target cells our hypothesis was that peptide delivery by igs may circumvent the use of ifa and induce neonatal tolerance that could confer resistance to autoimmunity to address this issue we used the proteolipid protein plp sequence hereafter referred to as plp which is encephalitogenic and induces exp autoimmune encephalomyelitis eae in sjlj mice plp was expressed on an ig and the resulting igplp chimera when injected in saline into newborn mice confers resistance to eae induction later in life mice injected with igplp at birth and challenged as adults with plp developed t cell proliferation in the CL node but not in the SP whereas control mice injected with igw the parental ig not including plp developed t cell responses in both lymphoid organs the lymph node TA from igplp recipient mice were deviated and produced interleukin il instead of il whereas the SP cells although nonproliferative produced il but not interferon ifngamma exogenous ifngamma as well as il restored splenic proliferation in an antigen TPS manner ilrescued t cells continued to secrete il and regained the ability to produce Th1 in vivo administration of antiil antibody or il restored disease severity therefore adjuvantfree induced neonatal tolerance prevents autoimmunity by an organspecific regulation of TA that involves both immune deviation and a new form of cytokine dependent t cell anergy
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whole nerve as well as single fiber responses in the CT proper ct and glossopharyngeal ng SN of to weekold pigs were recorded during taste stimulation in the ct acids and in the ng bitter EDC gave the largest responses both nerves exhibited large responses to MSG msg msg with guanosine monophosphate gmp and msg with inositine monophosphate imp as well as to glycine xylitol sucrose fructose and glucose alitame APM betaine neohesperedin dihydrochalcone nhdhc superaspartame CS and thaumatin elicited no or little response hierarchical cluster analysis of ct SF separated four major clusters the m cluster comprising of all SF is characterized by strong responses to msg kcl licl and nacl the responses to nacl and licl were unaffected by amiloride the h cluster includes units responding principally to acids the q cluster responds to quinine hydrochloride qhcl sucrose octaacetate soa and salts with amiloride the s cluster exhibits strong responses to xylitol glycine and the carbohydrates as well as to msg alone and to msg with gmp or imp in ng fibers hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four clusters the m cluster responding to msg and msg with gmp or imp the h cluster responding to acids the q cluster responding strongly to qhcl soa and tilmicosinr and the s cluster responding best to xylitol carbohydrates and glycine but also to the umami EDC MDS analysis across fiber responses to all stimuli showed the best separation between compounds with different taste qualities when information from both SN was utilized
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abstract singleunit recording of SL iiiii cells in olfactory piriform SC was performed on awake unrestrained rats actively engaged in learning novel odors in an olfactory discrimination task five of the cells tested had very brief monophasic action potentials and high spontaneous firing rates hz it is suggested that these units were interneurons the remainder of the neurons had broader spikes and did not discharge for prolonged periods thirtynine percent of the broad spike cells responded to at least one and usually more of the odors presented to the rats during either of the first two trials on which that odor was present but in most cases these responses occurred only very infrequently over the course of subsequent trials six percent of the broadspike group how ever continued firing robustly to a single odor but not to others from these results it appears that most cells in piriform cortex do not respond to most odors ie coding is exceedingly gnol concentration hydrogen peroxide concentration and temperature
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healthy kangaroos are prone to SD to investigate possible causes of this phenomenon echocardiographic and electrocardiographic studies were conducted in seven healthy sedated intramuscular ketamine mgkg xylazine mgkg kangaroos aged years weighing kg as in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kangaroos showed relative left VVI hypertrophy measured as a ratio of internal left ventricular enddiastolic diameterseptal PW thickness sd in kangaroos and sd in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cf sd in normal man p less than respectively peak left ventricular diastolic filling velocity was smaller in kangaroos sd sec and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sd sec than in normal man sd sec p less than p less than the end of t wave occurred earlier than the closing of aortic valve QTc interval sd sec was shorter than the normal value for man sec in conclusion kangaroos have CH of unknown aetiology with impaired diastolic CF as in nonobstructive HCM cardiomyopathy patients QTc qt interval was short these echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings may explain the mechanism of sudden death in kangaroos a species which may be used as an experimental MM of nonobstructive HCM cardiomyopathy in man
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we have studied the development in the rat of neurogenic inflammatory mechanisms that mediate cutaneous PE at birth and at postnatal day intradermal injection of substance p histamine and bradykinin produced no significant plasma extravasation at day through adulthood days all test agents produced significant PE which increased with increasing age in the AD rat pretreatment with hydroxydopamine to eliminate sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals att the PE elicited by substance p histamine and bradykinin the possible role of the sympathetic postganglionic neuron in the agedependent changes in neurogenic inflammation is discussed
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the role of triatoma sordida in the domestic transmission of trypanosoma cruzi was assessed in rural localities in velasco province department of santa cruz bolivia tri soreight PE uhmwpe as indicative parameters of biocompatibility primary cell adherence cell number cell proliferation production of EM cell vitality and cell differentiation are described after weeks in SC obvious differences between the biomaterials with respect to the indicative parameters could be observed cell numbers were greatest on the ha specimens in the case of titanium alloys we observed a decreased number of cells the production of EM was high for the ha ceramics but reduced for titanium specimens the polymers allowed only a few adherent cells and showed no signs of EM production the results can be correlated astonishingly well to animal experiments and clinical experiences therefore we suggest that this cell SC system seems to be a useful tool for biocompatibility testing of bone implantation materials it also helps reduce animal experiments with the help of flow cytophotometry we analyzed the influence of biomaterials on C1 numbers of cells with respect to differentiation there were similar populations of TA and monocytes on all specimens tested extended bcell and granulocyte populations however were observed with titanium and uhmwpe most osteocalcincontaining cells adhered to the ha ceramics
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the pregnancy outcome of women who had transcervical chorionic villus sampling cvs with a flexible biopsy forceps was evaluated followup until weeks T3 delivery was per cent various patient and procedurerelated risk factors for spontaneous loss fetal or neonatal death were analysed using stepwise LR analysis the overall spontaneous loss rate was per cent factors found to be significantly associated with spontaneous loss were quantity of villi or mg or rr a history of firsttrimester miscarriage rr or delivery between and weeks rr C2 SC positive for anaerobes rr or GBS rr postprocedural one days rr and multiple insertions rr significant differences in loss rates between individual operators were found a learning effect was not present there were no infants born with terminal transversal limb anomalies in our series we conclude that knowledge about significant risk factors for spontaneous loss T3 cvs is important both for obstetricians carrying out cvs procedures and for women seeking prenatal diagnosis
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