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strain ysmt was isolated from commercial salt made from japanese seawater in niigata prefecture optimal nacl and mg concentrations for growth were m and mm respectively the isolate was a mesophilic and slightly alkaliphilic haloarchaeon whose optimal growth temperature and ph were °c and ph phylogenetic analysis based on s rrna gene sequence analysis suggested that strain ysmt is a member of the phylogenetic group defined by the family halobacteriaceae but there were low similarities to type strains of other genera of this family ⤠for example halococcus similarity halostagnicola natronolimnobius halobiforma haloterrigena halovivax natrialba natronobacterium and natronococcus the gc content of the dna was mol polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylglycerophosphate methyl ester disulfated diglycosyl diether and an unknown gl on the basis of the data presented we propose that CS ysmt should be placed in a new genus and species natronoarchaeum mannanilyticum gen nov sp nov the type CS of natronoarchaeum mannanilyticum is CS ysmt jcm t cect t | MEDAL |
cephalosporin c biosynthesis by cephalosporium acremonium was delayed until most gl in the medium was used addition of increasing concentrations of glucose up to gliter decreased cephalosporin c biosynthesis but stimulated growth sequential formation of penicillin n an intermediate in the cephalosporin c biosynthetic pathway and CPC was found when the SC was developed synchronously little CPC formation was observed until most penicillin n had already been formed the sequential formation of penicillin n and CPC was due to the sequential formation of the penicillin n synthetase system and the cephalosporin c synthetase system cells grown in the presence of glucose showed an increased accumulation of penicillin n and clear reduction of the conversion of penicillin n to cephalosporin c resting cell studies indicated that the gl effect was due to the repression of one or more of the enzymes converting penicillin n into cephalosporin c little inhibition by glucose of the activity of these enzymes once formed was observed glucose did not effect significantly the pool sizes of either precursor amino acids of cephalosporin alphaaminoadipic acid and valine or methionine an inducer of penicillin n and cephalosporin c biosynthesis on the basis of these data it is suggested that gl catabolism specifically represses the enzyme system converting penicillin n into cephalosporin c | MEDAL |
genetic defects in the dystrophinassociated protein complex dapc are responsible for a variety of pathological conditions including muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy and vasospasm conserved dapc components from humans to caenorhabditis elegans suggest a similar molecular function c elegans dapc mutants exhibit a unique locomotory deficit resulting from prolonged muscle excitation and contraction here we show that the c elegans dapc is essential for proper localization of slo the large conductance Vc and calciumdependent potassium bk channel which conducts a major outward rectifying current in muscle under the normal physiological condition through analysis of mutants with the same phenotype as the dapc mutants we identified the novel islo gene that encodes a protein with two predicted TM domains we demonstrate that islo acts as a novel adapter molecule that links the dapc to slo in muscle we show that a defect in either the dapc or islo disrupts normal slo localization in muscle consistent with observations that slo requires a high calcium concentration for full activation we find that slo is localized near ltype calcium channels in muscle thereby providing a mechanism coupling calcium influx with the outward rectifying current our results indicate that the dapc modulates muscle excitability by localizing the slo channel to calciumrich regions of c elegans muscle | MEDAL |
a patient with an EPI catheter for postoperative analgesia developed a stroke in association with a hypotensive episode resulting from a bolus of local anesthetic after undergoing resection for FA CS under EA the patient received a continuous infusion of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia lidocaine ml in divided doses was administered through the catheter for breakthrough pain the patient experienced a hypotensive episode and was noted to have a motor and cortical sensory deficit of the left arm and leg hours after the hypotensive episode clinical presentation and subsequent workup were consistent with a watershed infarction the patient recovered full neurologic function before discharge postoperative hypotension from EPI analgesia may be associated with stroke however a causeandeffect relationship usually cannot be established with certainty | MEDAL |
recent neuropsychological investigations of apraxia have led to new hypotheses about the representational defects associated with imitation impairments in neurological patients this fmri experiment investigated the relation between imitation and the body schema in HS experimental conditions were derived from a factorial plan and participants were asked to watch a human MM performing bodily gestures and then to execute either an identical or a different action with the same or different limbs brain Az G1 when subjects imitated the model were traced to the representation of the action main effect of performing an identical action regardless of limb to the body schema using the same limb regardless of action or to both the first set of analyses yielded a network associated with visual perception indicating that action representation is primarily visuospatial not motor while the second analysis highlighted regions involved in body schema including the inferior PC and the insula it is suggested that imitation of simple body gestures requires both a visuospatial description of the observed model sustained by visual perception areas in the RA occipitotemporal and superior parietal cortices and a visuospatial description of ones own body supported by the left inferior parietal lobule these results favor a model of praxis proposing that imitation deficits in left IPL patients with apraxia reflect primarily an impairment of the body schema while deficits of praxis in RA parietal patients are limited to gestures demanding in terms of visuospatial analysis | MEDAL |
SS samples from patients with clinical suspicion of leptospirosis were tested by the microscopic agglutination test mat igm elisa and pcr for the diagnosis of the disease most patients were adult males and p of the patients exposed to water and p of those exposed to animals were respectively considered confirmed or probable cases by mat the clinical PS mainly observed among the patients considered confirmed or probable cases were fever jaundice and headache myalgia NV about of the confirmed or probable cases were patients that lived in belo horizonte a big city of the minas gerais state brazil showing the occurrence of urban leptospirosis among the confirmed cases of leptospirosis diagnosed by mat serum samples were positive by igm elisa and were pcr positive among the probable cases samples showed positive amplification by pcr by considering mat as the standard test the sensitivity and specificity of igm elisa was and respectively a relevant finding in our study was the number of positive cases verified by pcr and igm elisa among the unconfirmed cases by mat demonstrating the value of pcr in the early diagnosis of human leptospirosis | MEDAL |
contraction of the conus arterisus conus is visibly delayed in the tubular heart of the chick embryo and since the electromechanical coupling interval of isolated conal segment is similar to other Az of the embryonic heart the delayed contraction of the conus indicated an impedance in the spread of the depolarization wave across the ventriculoconal vc junction a surface electrode placed on the conus of hearts obtained from the hour chick embryo records a deflection termed the c wave appearing between the qrs complex and the t wave to establish that the c wave arose from below the atrioventricular sulcus atria were removed from a series of NF from hour embryos and the electrogram revealed a c wave without a p wave the vc junction responds to digitoxin just as the atrioventricular tissue digitoxin prolongs the interval between the qrs and the c wave prior to a complete block in a manner analogous to the pr interval increase prior to the OD of the wenckeback phenomenon or complete atrioventricular block as the embryonic HR developed after hours the c wave was no longer identifiable in the ecg | MEDAL |
pemphigus vulgaris pv is considered to be an autoimmune disease affecting skin and mucous CM traditionally pv autoantibodies are thought to recognize antigens located in the ICS ics of keratinocytes antigens represented mainly by the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein dsg accordingly titres of antiics and antidsg immunoglobulin g igg are considered to be major laboratory criteria when making a diagnosis of pv in this paper we demonstrated for the first time that pv igg bind antigens expressed on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells pbmc as revealed by immunofluorescence studies this novel autoantigen is immunoprecipitated by pv igg as a molecular weight protein however western blot analysis of the immunocomplexes failed to show reactivity with antidsg monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies taken together our data provide strong evidence that pv autoimmunity targets a antigen other than dsg on pbmc this shifting from epidermis to blood cells may open new perspectives for a better understanding of pemphigus autoimmunity and more rational approaches to its treatment | MEDAL |
online deuterium hydrogen exchange dhx and pepsin digestion pd is demonstrated using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry dtims coupled with linear ion trap ltq mass spectrometry ms with electron transfer dissociation etd capabilities dhx of deuterated ubiquitin followed by subsequent quenching and digestion is performed within â¼ s yielding peptide sequence coverage the high reproducibility of the ims separation allows spectral feature matching between twodimensional imsms datasets undeuterated and deuterated without the need for dataset alignment extracted ion drift time distributions xidtds of deuterated peptic peptides are mobilitymatched to corresponding xidtds of undeuterated peptic MMP that were identified using collisioninduced dissociation cid matching xidtds allows a straightforward ID and deuterium retention evaluation for labeled peptides aside from the mobility separation the ion trapping capabilities of the ltq combined with etd are demonstrated to provide singleresidue resolution deuterium retention for the c series ions across residues ml and nr are in good PA with the known AA structural elements within ubiquitin | MEDAL |
glutathione stransferases from rat liver were partially purified by ion exchange chromatography AS peaks tentatively identified as containing the and isoenzymes were kept for study the glutathione conjugates shexyl sbenzyl and sdinitrophenyl lglutathione were tested as inhibitors of the enzymes the and fractions were inhibited to similar extents by these conjugates for all enzymes the hexyl conjugate at mm concentration was strongly inhibitory the benzyl conjugate moderately so and the dinitrophenyl compound was only weakly GABA in contrast the epoxide conjugating activity in the and peak was barely affected by the substituted glutathiones at mm concentrations studies on a purified ligandin isoenzyme from rat CL showed that further metabolism of the glutathione conjugates to the corresponding cysteines or mercapturic acids resulted in products with inhibitory properties approximately three orders of magnitude less potent than those of the parent ssubstituted glutathiones | MEDAL |
asthma varies in intensity and patients must be treated as individuals to whom formulas do not apply often the most difficult person to treat is the firsttime patient whose clinical course is unknown and whose response to medications is totally untested although exacerbating substances should be avoided whenever possible medication unfortunately is still needed by most asthmatic patients at present the choice of initial medication is subject to individual physician preference beta adrenergic agonists cromolyn sodium intal theophylline and aerosol CSs are all acceptable as firstline treatment addition of a second third or fourth medication again depends on individual response and physician choice patients with asthma need to be educated regarding the nature of the disease and its almost total unpredictability equally important is a frequent review of medications and a willingness to alter regimens as situations require | MEDAL |
moderate exercise in the form of treadmill training and brief ENS both enhance axon regeneration T3 PN injury different regimens of exercise are required to enhance axon regeneration in male and female mice wood et al dev neurobiol and androgens are suspected to be involved we treated mice with the androgen receptor blocker FL during either exercise or electrical stimulation to evaluate the role of androgen receptor signaling in these activitybased methods of enhancing axon regeneration the common fibular cf and tibial tib nerves of thyyfph mice in which axons in IP SN are marked by yellow FL protein yfp were transected and repaired using cf and tib nerve grafts harvested from nonfluorescent donor mice silastic capsules filled with flutamide were implanted subcutaneously to PR the drug continuously exercised mice were TM TR daysweek for weeks starting on the third day posttransection for electrical stimulation the sciatic nerve was stimulated continuously for h prior to nerve transection after weeks lengths of yfp profiles of regenerating axons were measured from harvested SN both exercise and electrical stimulation enhanced axon regeneration but this enhancement was blocked CR by flutamide treatments signaling through ARs is necessary for the enhancing effects of TM exercise or electrical stimulation on axon regeneration in cut IP nerves | MEDAL |
we present a thorough characterization of the interaction of novel nickelii copperii and zincii schiff base complexes with native CT dna ctdna in buffered aqueous solution at ph uvvis absorption circular dichroism cd and viscometry titrations provided clear evidence of the intercalative mechanism of the three squareplanar metal complexes allowing us to determine the intrinsic dnabinding constants kb equal to à à and à m for and respectively preferential affinity of one order of magnitude toward at compared to gc base pair sequences was detected by uvvis absorption titrations of with polydgdc and polydadt structural details of the intercalation site of the three metal complexes within dodecadadt were obtained by molecular dynamics md simulations followed by density PET theorymolecular mechanics dftmm calculations the calculations revealed that three L1 intermolecular interactions contribute to the strong affinity between dna and the three metal complexes the electrostatic attraction between the two positively charged triethylammoniummethyl groups of the metal complexes and the negatively charged phosphate CG of the dna backbone the intercalation of the naphthalene moiety within the four nitrogen bases of the intercalation site the metal coordination by exocyclic donor atoms of the bases specifically the carbonyl oxygen and amine nitrogen atoms remarkably the gibbs formation free energy calculated for the intercalation complexes of and with dodecadadt in the implicit water solution is in PA with the exp gibbs free SE values obtained from the dnabinding constants as δg° rt lnkb in particular the dnabinding affinity trend is reproduced finally the first shell coordination distances calculated for the intercalation complex dodecadadt are in excellent PA with the experimental distances extracted from the extended xray absorption fine structure exafs spectrum of the corresponding ctdna solutions the latter results provided the first evidence of metal ion coordination by native dna in AQ solution | MEDAL |
a yearold male underwent distal gastrectomy with d dissection for type advanced gastric carcinoma nine months T3 the surgery ct scan revealed a solitary CL M1 legion with ivc invasion we selected a surgical MI because of allegic reaction of s and rapid progression of tumor left hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy with ivc reconstruction was performed ivc was resected partially and repaired with polytetrafluoroethylene ptfe patch VG the postoperative course was uneventful the patient was discharged on the th postoperative day he is alive without a recurrence months after surgery and is undergoing weekly paclitaxel although the indication of extended hepatectomy is controversial aggressive surgery with chemotherapy would contribute to improve a prognosis of the patients with M1 liver RT from gastric carcinoma | MEDAL |
cerebrospinal fluid and SS were obtained from adult healthy llamas males castrated male and females osmolality MICs of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase and concentrations of gl sodium chloride potassium total protein and Al were determined in serum and csf total and differential cell counts were determined in csf and PACE of csf proteins was performed total nucleated cell count was low to microliters which is lower than that reported for other domestic species and is similar to values in healthy people differential leukocyte percentages were disparate depending on the degree of blood contamination blood contamination influenced the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in csf samples with few erythrocytes had differential leukocyte distribution similar to that of other species mostly lymphocytes fewer monocytoid cells and scant neutrophils older llamas had a few eosinophils in the csf total protein albumin and gammaglobulin concentrations in llamas were similar to values in cattle and were higher than values in most domestic species gl concentration in csf was approximately of the value in SS nonruminant animals and peoply typically have csf glucose concentration that is approximately to of the serum glucose concentration sodium and cl concentrations in csf were higher than those in serum whereas k concentration was lower in csf compared with SS activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in csf were markedly lower than those in serum and the ranges of values in this group of healthy llamas were narrow | MEDAL |
the morphologic criteria for the two SCV of small noncleaved FCC snc fcc lymphoma in the lukescollins classification burkitts bl and nonburkitts SCV nbl were evaluated and related to the results of multiparameter laboratory and clinical studies fortytwo patients were studied cases were classified as bl according to world health organization who criteria seventeen cases were classified as nbl on the basis of greater variability in nuclear size and shape more prominent nucleoli and greater R2 in the amount of cytoplasm neoplastic follicles were present in three cases of bl and two of nbl indicating an fcc origin for this lymphoma electron microscopic examination confirmed the LM features immunoglobulin ig monoclonality as demonstrated by immunofluorescence surface ig andor immunoperoxidase staining for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin cig was demonstrated in of of bl and of of nbl clinically bl presented more frequently in extranodal sites and with gastrointestinal involvement than nbl BMI was more common in nbl patients both CG had advanced stage disease at diagnosis the median survival was months in bl and months in nbl the results of this T0 indicate that bl and nbl are biologically related SCV of snc fcc lymphoma but have different presentations which may be clinically significant | MEDAL |
gabapentin in clinical use since is indicated as an adjunctive antiepileptic drug aed for treatment of complex partial seizures with or without AA generalization in patients over years of age although several cellular actions have been described in the literature the molecular mechanisms of action responsible for the anticonvulsant effect of GBP has not been conclusively determined it is likely that gabapentin has multiple concentrationdependent actions that combine in a unique manner to produce antiepileptic efficacy the pharmacokinetic properties of this watersoluble aminoacid aed are generally favorable absorption appears to be dependent on transport by the lsystem amino acid transporter beta of unmetabolized drug occurs by the renal route although its therapeutic range is not well characterized GBP has a broad therapeutic index this implies that a wide range of doses can be used based on either it or ia morphine produced mechanical antinociception on day the antinociceptive effect for mechanical nociception expressed as the area under the curve of the percentage of maximal possible effect values at and h was for it morphine micrograms and for ia morphine micrograms neither result differed from the corresponding area under the curve values on day naloxone po either it or ia abolished the antinociceptive action of morphine given at the same site we conclude that although morphine has a IP analgesic site of action in a rat arthritis MM its potency for both ia and it routes of administration does not change during the onset of arthritis | MEDAL |
germinal mutations in the base excision repair ber gene mutyh myh have recently been described in association with predisposition to multiple colorectal adenomas and CA in contrast to the classic dominant condition of familial adenomatous polyposis fap due to germinal mutations in the apc gene the myh polyposis is an autosomal recessive disease the identification of individuals affected by myh polyposis brings new and important implications for the diagnostic screening genetic counseling follow up and therapeutic options in these patients in this study screening for germinal mutations in the myh gene was performed in portuguese individuals with multiple colorectal adenomas or classic adenomatous polyposis in whom no mutation had been identified in the apc gene the results revealed the presence of biallelic germline myh mutations in patients in addition we here report mutations ctc pyh cga prh and cinsgg pefsx which to our knowledge have not been previously described | MEDAL |
measurements of plasma renin activity pra in RV blood from the ICM kidney are reported to be generally higher than from the contralateral kidney importance of factors other than renin content of RV plasma has not been investigated initial rate measurements of angiotensin generation with added excess of homologous renin plasma renin substrate activity prsa min were made in BL RV plasma from patients suspected of suffering from unilateral renal hypertension the mean values from the involved vs the contralateral kidney were vs ng respectively of angiotensin ii equivalents generated per milliliter of plasma per min of incubation the measurement of maximal angiotensin generation under the same conditions with incubation prolonged to hr prsa min however were bilaterally equal in renal venous plasma from selected patients with renal hypertension who showed distinct differences in prsa min and pra measurements prior extraction of plasma lipids did not significantly NC the bilateral renal venous prsa min determinations stimulation of endogenous RR in normal dogs did not change the prsa determinations the data suggest strongly the presence of a renin activating mechanism in the RV plasma from the involved kidney of patients with renal hypertension | MEDAL |
thirty male lambs of months of age were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design and fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing deoiled peanut meal dpnm or CSM which was raw cooked for min or treated with either calcium XTT or iron free gossypol fe the mixtures containing raw or variously processed csm replaced about of the nitrogen of the REF concentrate mixture these concentrate mixtures were fed to meet of the animals crude protein requirements along with ad libitum FF of maize zea mays hay for days the free gossypol content of the raw CSM was reduced to and by the cooking caoh and iron treatments respectively at the end of the experiment the tissues of various organs were fixed in formol saline embedded in paraffin and sectioned at microm thickness and duplicate sections were stained with either haematoxylin and eosin or perls prussian blue the lambs fed diets incorporating raw cooked caoh or irontreated cottonseed meal consumed respectively and mg free gossypolday no morbidity mortality or gross lesions were observed in any organs and the histopathological lesions due to CSM were limited to the testes and epididymis spermatogonial cells were absent in the majority of the ST of testes from lambs fed raw CSM most ST were collapsed with a reduced wall thickness owing to there being fewer germ cell layers and vacuolation of the basal cells the epithelium of the EPI ductules was degenerated desquamated to a VL degree with hyperplastic changes and they were devoid of spermatozoa most lambs fed any of the processed cottonseed meals did not show any of these lesions and such lesions as occurred in affected lambs in these CG were relatively mild iron pigments were deposited around the portal Az of the liver the tip of intestinal villi and the SP of lambs fed the irontreated cottonseed meal diet cooking or treatment with caoh effectively minimized the toxic effects of free gossypol | MEDAL |
creation of a competent left atrioventricular valve is a cornerstone in surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects to identify risk AF for mortality and failure of left atrioventricular valve repair and to determine the impact of cleft closure on postoperative atrioventricular valve function we retrospectively analyzed hospital records of patients between january and january overall early mortality was OM decreased significantly over the period of the study from before to T3 p tenyear survival including OM was confidence limit all survivors are in new york HR association class i or ii preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation was assessed in patients by angiography or echocardiography and was trivial or mild in moderate in and severe in left atrioventricular valve cleft was closed in but left alone when valve leaflet tissue was inadequate and closure of the cleft might cause significant stenosis reoperation for severe postoperative left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was necessary in eight patients five of whom initially did not have closure of the cleft and three of whom had cleft closure six patients had reoperation with annuloplasty and two patients required left atrioventricular valve replacement five patients survived reoperation and are currently in new york heart association class i or ii on most recent evaluation assessed by angiography or echocardiography a mean of months after repair left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was trivial or mild in of the survivors examined none had moderate or severe left atrioventricular valve stenosis by multiple logistic SRA strong risk AF for early death and need for reoperation included postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis immediate postoperative severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation and doubleorifice left atrioventricular valve these results indicate that complete atrioventricular septal defects can be repaired with low mortality and good intermediate to longterm results routine approximation of the cleft is safe and has a low incidence of reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation | MEDAL |
previous attempts at engineering arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana to produce seed oils containing hydroxy fatty acids hfa have resulted in low yields of hfa compared with the native castor ricinus communis plant and caused undesirable effects including reduced total oil content recent studies have led to an understanding of problems involved in the accumulation of hfa in oils of transgenic plants which include metabolic bottlenecks and a decrease in the rate of fatty acid synthesis focusing on engineering the triacylglycerol assembly mechanisms led to modest increases in the hfa content of seed oil but much room for improvement still remains we hypothesized that engineering fatty acid synthesis in the plastids to increase flux would facilitate enhanced total incorporation of fatty acids including hfa into seed oil the transcription factor wrinkled wri positively regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty FAS and controls seed oil levels we overexpressed arabidopsis wri in seeds of a transgenic L1 expressing the castor fatty acid hydroxylase the proportion of hfa in the oil the total hfa per seed and the total oil content of seeds increased to an average of µg and respectively across five independent lines compared with µg and respectively for isogenic segregants wri and wriregulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were upregulated providing for a corresponding increase in the rate of HFA synthesis | MEDAL |
balance control during gait initiation was studied using CP cop data from force plate measurements twentyfour participants were divided into four age groups years years years and adults movement in the anteroposterior copy direction during the initial step was taug analyzed investigating the hypothesis that tau of the copy motiongap taucopy ie the time it will take to close the gap at its current closure rate is taucoupled onto an intrinsic taug guide taug by maintaining the relation taucopy ktaug for a constant k mean percentage of tauguidance for all groups was resulting in all r exceeding justifying an investigation of the regression slope as an estimate of the coupling constant k in the taucoupling equation mean k values decreased significantly with age and were for to yearolds for to yearolds for to yearolds and for adults therefore the control of dynamic balance develops from the youngest children colliding with the boundaries of the base of support k to the older children and adults making touch contact k the findings may provide us with a measure for testing prospective balance control a helpful tool in assessing whether a child is following a normal developmental pattern | MEDAL |
previous studies have found that affective states with high motivational intensity narrow attentional scope whereas affective states with low motivational intensity broaden attentional scope this conclusion however is based on fragmented evidence based on several separate studies the present study tests this conclusion within a single study using both behavioral experiment and neurophysiological experiment measures experiment showed that individuals had the global precedence effect in the neutral affective state however the global precedence effect was reduced for affective states with high motivational intensity whereas the global precedence effect was not significantly enhanced for those with low motivational intensity experiment replicated these results with eventrelated potential erp recording erp results showed that affective states with high motivational intensity induced smaller n and greater late positive potential lpp amplitudes than low motivational intensity and neutral affective states however no differences were found between the low motivational intensity and neutral affective states furthermore smaller lpp predicted the tendency a global attentional focus in the FC and CE areas and larger lpp predicted a narrowed focus in the FC area the findings suggested that high motivational intensortant that paediatric oncologists discuss the possible impact of treatment on female fertility and available fertility preservation options with their patients however it is unknown what dutch paediatric oncologists know about of the effect of CA treatment on female fertility whether or not they address this issue in clinical practice what their attitudes are towards addressing fertility after cancer treatment and fertility preservation options and to what extent they require additional information resources | MEDAL |
transcriptional properties of the mouse globin genes and their promoters were examined in cos cells using transient expression assays transfected intact mouse alpha globin genes generate transcripts whereas beta maj and beta min globin transcripts are detected only if the genes are associated with a strong exogenous sv enhancer CS under these conditions the ratio of accumulated beta maj and beta min mrna sequences approximates the ratio observed in reticulocytes and murine erythroleukemia cells melc induced to differentiate by hexamethylene bisacetamide hmba as determined using hybrid genes consisting of globin gene regions fused to the chloramphenicol AT cat structural gene this ratio appears dependent upon the relative activities of the two promoter regions | MEDAL |
in patients with liver cirrhosis pre and posttips transjugular intrahepatic portacaval shunt patternreversal visual evoked potentials preps and motiononset visual evoked potentials mveps examinations eeg SA and number connection test were performed the mveps representing an activity of the MC system of the visual pathway and reactions of the mediotemporal associate visual area displayed the highest sensitivity latencies delay for detection of SHE the preps originating in the primary visual SC area striata were not significantly changed in comparison with a group of age matched controls the eeg frequency spectrum exhibited significant slowing of the dominant frequency which was more pronounced in the posttips examination combined analysis of the mveps latency and eeg dominant frequency seem to be a recommendable method for early detection and objective classification of subclinical hepatic or portosystemic encephalopathy | MEDAL |
the prognostic relevance of the extent of nodal metastases lesion thickness level of invasion site of lesion satellitosis age sex and year of diagnosis and treatment were assessed in consecutive patients with pathologic stage ii malignant melanoma with clinical stage i disease and with clinical stage ii disease of these AF only three were significant clinical status of the lymph nodes p less than thickness of the primary lesion in the ranges of less than mm to mm and mm or greater p and level of invasion p the extent of nodal metastases in those patients with clinical stage i disease was not significant the difference in survival between patients with clinically negativehistologically positive nodes CSI and clinically positivehistologically positive nodes clinical stage ii was apparent throughout the followup period the and year survival rates for the CSI patients were and respectively and for the clinical stage ii patients and respectively p less than a year CSR of was achieved for CSI patients having primary lesions of less than mm in thickness while it was for patients having primary lesions of mm or more in thickness for pathologic stage ii malignant melanoma patients prognosis is most dependent on the clinical status of the lymph nodes not on the number of CL NO with micrometastases | MEDAL |
infants with MM mmc increase step frequency in response to modifications to the TM surface the aim was to investigate how these modifications impacted the electromyographic emg patterns we analyzed emg from infants aged months with mmc at the lumbosacral level we supported infants upright on the TM for trials each seconds long modifications included visual flow unloading weights velcro and lcriction surface electrodes recorded emg from tibialis anterior lateral gastrocnemius rectus femoris and BF we determined muscle bursts for each stride cycle and from these calculated various parameters results indicated that each of the five sensory conditions generated different motor patterns visual flow and friction which we previously reported increased step frequency impacted LG most weights which so chronic exposure to aldosterone which induces genomic responses results in impairments of EC CF through decreased no synthesis and action in HI exp animals and isolated endothelial cells chronic aldosterone reduces no release from isolated HECs only when extracellular sodium is raised oxidative AS is involved in the impairment of endothelial CF by promoting no degradation aldosterone liberates endothelin et from EC cells which elicits eta receptormediated vasoconstriction by inhibiting endothelial no synthesis and action and through its own direct vasoconstrictor action ca flux through ttype ICa activates aldosterone synthesis and thus enhances unwanted effects of aldosterone on the endothelium MRs receptor inhibitors eta receptor antagonists and ttype ca channel blockers appear to diminish the pathophysiological participation of aldosterone in cardiovascular disease and exert beneficial actions on BA of endotheliumderived no particularly in resistant hypertension and aldosteronism | MEDAL |
outbreaks of MP mp in closed communities can have a high attack rate and can last several months azithromycin chemoprophylaxis has not been evaluated as a means of limiting transmission this randomized doubleblinded placebocontrolled trial of azithromycin was conducted among asymptomatic hospital employees during an mp outbreak OP swabs were obtained for detection of mp by polymerase chain reaction and questionnaires were administered to assess clinical illness of the employees who were enrolled received azithromycin and received PL carriage was similar within and between groups at weeks and vs and vs respectively four episodes of clinically significant respiratory illness occurred in the azithromycin group versus episodes in the PL group protective efficacy confidence interval use of azithromycin prophylaxis in asymptomatic persons during an mp outbreak in a closed setting may be of value in reducing clinical illness | MEDAL |
this paper reviews the rationale and history of genetic studies related to leprosy and considers their implications for the epidemiology and control of the disease a long tradition of genetic studies in leprosy was initiated by early impressions that the disease clusters within families investigations were first motivated by an attempt to understand population patterns and the focus shifted from investigations of racial differences to investigations of families of twins and ultimately of genetic markers the strongest evidence for genetic influence has come from studies of hla segregation patterns within families and this has led to elegant in vitro work demonstrating the role of hladr alleles in mediating tcell reactions in conjunction with antigens of mycobacterium leprae the epidemiological implications of this work are not yet clear the emphasis on familysegregation studies may have given a biased impression because of their requirement for multicase families there is evidence that the genetic mechanisms underlying leprosy differ within and between populations one possible application of the current work would be the use of hladrspecific reactions to identify epitopes of m leprae which should be excluded from future vaccine preparations | MEDAL |
numb chin syndrome ncs is a rare but important clinical symptom and sign it describes a condition presenting as anaesthesia or paraesthesia over the chin which is usually unilateral the condition manifests spontaneously with no history of trauma infection or obvious odontogenic cause ncs is a clinically important finding as it may be the primary manifestation of multiple sclerosis ms or sign of systemic malignancy we present a case of a yearold gentleman who was referred to a regional oral and maxillofacial unit with a threemonth history of sudden onset unilateral numbness of the chin no odontogenic cause could be found and subsequent ctpet scan from the cerebellum to the upper thighs revealed evidence of widespread M1 disease the patient died five weeks T3 his initial presentation we discuss the importance of this clinical symptom the likely mechanism of disease and offer differential diagnoses additionally we recommend that patients presenting to their general dental practitioner with a numb chin be urgently investigated for a potentially undiagnosed malignancy or ms and be referred to their local oral and maxillofacial unit as an urgent target referral | MEDAL |
spinal cord injury sci is a severe traumatic disease in the CNS system with high incidence and high morbidity recent study demonstrated that cell transplantation therapy may improve local microenvironment of the injury site and promote nerve regeneration to restore spinal cord functions in this study we constructed a glucocorticoidinduced bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector pgcbdnfiresnt by using molecular cloning techniques and examined the protective effect of neurotrophin nt and brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf expressed by this vector in a rat spinal cord injury sci model we first connected glucocorticoid response element gre to cytomegalovirus cmv promoter and then the grecmv gene was inserted into pegfp vector to construct the eukaryotic expression vector pgcegfp western blot analysis was used to confirm the expression of egfp by transfecting this vector in rndsc cells the ires was used to connect bdnf gene and nt gene and replaced the egfp gene in pgcegfp plasmid to form the bicistronic expression vectorpgcbdnfiresnt after rndsc cells were transfected with the plasmid and treated with glucocorticoid bdnf and nt expression in the culture medium were measured by elisa method finally we found that combination therapy with the transfection of this vector and glucocorticoid had an antiapoptotic effect in a cellular sci MM of rndsc cells therefore the coexpression of bdnf and nt by using this vector rescued the injured cells this provided useful information for the genemodification cell transplantation combined with glucocorticoid for the treatment of sci | MEDAL |
a yearold japanese woman developed parkinsonism and showed tremor in the upper extremities bradykinesia and gait disturbance she was diagnosed with FPD treatment with ldihydroxyphenylalanine LD was ineffective two T2 PSD symptoms such as SM disturbance and disorientation gradually manifested and abnormal behaviors including egocentric behavior were observed no apparent pyramidal tract signs focal CBF signs or cerebellar dysfunction was observed the patient died at the age of years and the clinical diagnosis was FPD with dementia the brain weight was g multiple infarctions were observed in the basal ganglia and TH with état criblé argyrophilic grains corresponding to saitos stage iii were observed mainly in the limbic system neuronal loss with gliosis and tissue rarefaction was detected in the subiculum PHG and amygdala oligodendroglial coiled HB and argyrophilic threads were also observed in the Az in which the grains were abundant neurofibrillary tangles and SPs corresponding to braak stage iii and consortium to establish a registry for alzheimers disease cerad stage b respectively were detected the number of SN of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus was found to be unchanged pathological features of FPD including lewy HB and αsynucleinpositive abnormal structures were not observed on the basis of the pathological features we made a diagnosis of argyrophilic grain dementia agd with multiple infarctions the patients PSD was thought to be due to agd and parkinsonism was suspected to be due to multiple infarctions of the BG the clinical findings of the patient described in this case study include important findings that will help in clinically discriminating between different dementias such as alzheimers disease and agd | MEDAL |
ten patients with thalassemia intermedia with VL severity and apparent simple heterozygosis for beta ct nonsense mutation were submitted to clinical hematologic and molecular studies the presence of an unknown molecular defect silent betathalassemia unlinked to the beta cluster interacting with the heterozygous beta thal was previously postulated in these families analysis of the alpha globin gene cluster with pcrbased methods mlpa gappcr digestion with restriction enzymes detected complex rearrangements in the alpha cluster a duplication of the alpha globin gene locus including the URR was present in all the patients associated in some of them with deletion or nondeletion alpha thal the R2 of the clinical phenotype correlates with the degree of the globin chain imbalance the presence of alpha globin cluster duplication should be considered in patients nu/+ for betathalassemia with TI phenotype and in the carriers of suspected silent beta thalassemia | MEDAL |
in the forebrain of dayold rats histochemical studies revealed that the subcutaneous injection of a psychotomimetic phencyclidine pcp and mgkg induced a doserelated and dense nuclear cfoslike immunoreactivity in the pyriform cortex layers ivvi of the neocortex and SP but a sparse cfos IS in the OT and midlateral striatum infant rats at PN day expressed much fewer and more confined cfospositive cells in the neocortex than young AD rats following pcp injection however a similar expression pattern of pcpinduced cfos was observed in the pyriform SC midlateral striatum olfactory tubercle and septum between the infant and AD periods these developmental changes in the regional distribution of a neuronal activity marker cfos suggest that neuronal populations involved in pcpinduced abnormal behavior are influenced by PN development at least in the neocortex | MEDAL |
trifluoromethylphenyl piperazine tfmpp is an AS constituent of a relatively new group of recreational drugs known as party pills tfmpp has been anecdotally reported to induce mild psychedelic effects similar to lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin there has been no research about the subjective effects of tfmpp in humans | MEDAL |
agerelated differences concerning cardiorespiratory responses and myocardial CF during exercise have not been extensively investigated in healthy populations | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to examine the effect of three therapeutic touch treatments on the wellbeing of persons with terminal CA in palliative care participants in the exp group n received three noncontact therapeutic touch treatments the duration of which varied between to T2 participants in the control group n participated in three rest periods wellbeing was measured at preintervention time and immediately postintervention time using the wellbeing scale a visual CAS measuring pain nausea depression anxiety shortness of breath activity appetite EC50 and inner peace the results of the study ng follicles the results suggest different roles for laminin and collagen iv in follicular BMs and support the hypothesis that keratin expression by GCs depends on paracrine interactions with the ovarian stroma in early growing follicles these interactions may be interrupted by physical removal from the vicinity of the BMs as the granulosa cells become multilayered in the more mature follicles the loss of keratin from all granulosa cells suggests that the required stromal signals cease perhaps as the perifollicular stroma differentiates into the theca | MEDAL |
the effect of various electrolytes namely monovalent divalent and trivalent on the partition coefficient of irbesartan between noctanol and water systems was investigated at room temperature it was found that all the electrolytes increase the partition coefficient of irbesartan the uptake of irbesartan by the organic phase from the aqueous phase is increased with increasing salt concentration except for KI and aluminum chloride the effect was found to depend on the size and charge of the ions present in solution | MEDAL |
the authors report the case of an eleven year old child with aneurysmal dilatation of the LAA and underline the diagnostic value of doppler echocardiography in this affectation the two signs which led to investigation of the patient and the diagnosis of this rare congenital abnormality were bulging of the left heart border on chest xray and atrial fibrillation in addition to vig from the cotton sheet which was used in the previous operation the patient was a yearold woman who presented with HA and RA hemiparesis ct scan demonstrated a large enhanced tumor in the left temporal lobe during the T0 the RT bled easily and was hard to remove the brain surface was covered with OC oxycell T3 the tumor was subtotally removed cotton sheets surgical patty were also used during the T0 the microfibrillar collagen hemostat avitene was not applied the histological diagnosis was astrocytoma radiochemotherapy was given ct and mri on the th day after the T0 showed a large RT in the left temporal lobe which led to suspicions of tumor recurrence the second T0 disclosed a mass which was harder in consistence than the previous one the histological diagnosis was foreign body granuloma which contained a lot of fine cotton SF oxycell was not found in it the cottonsheet is well documented as a cause of granuloma in the literature but it is seldom mentioned that the foreign body granuloma is caused by cotton fibers scattered in the operative fields this case report suggests the possibility of cottonfiber granuloma and our simple experiment indicated that a lot of cotton fiber might be scattered in the operative fields if dry cotton sheets are used these results stress that washed cotton sheets should be applied to avoid the possibility of the OD of cottonfiber foreign body granuloma | MEDAL |
transanal endoscopic microsurgery tem is a minimally invasive procedure used to transanally excise select benign and malignant PT of the rectum in properly selected patients tem can provide for decreased postoperative morbidity without compromising oncologic outcome this report summarizes the recent literature concerning tem comprehensively analyzes the authors experience with tem and describes recent technical innovations and indications | MEDAL |
the round window reflex is normally absent in stapedial fixation in this T0 six cases of oval window fistula are described in which the RW reflex was absent this is probably because there is insufficient pressure transmitted to the RWM through the perilymph because of leakage from the oval window this is considered as an important diagnostic sign of oval windowstapes footplate ligament disruption | MEDAL |
women report a PH of motion sickness ms about twice as frequently as men but the results of exp studies are equivocal in the present investigation we sought to replicate previous findings that women report a greater PH of ms than men when interrogated with ms history questionnaires we examined the hypothesis that those reporting that they are prone to ms are less likely to volunteer for ms provocative experiments than those who are ms resistant finally using a subset of these participants we exposed men and women during two separate sessions to visually elicited apparent motion with and without voluntary head motion pseudocoriolis stimulation to examine any differences in ms elicited between these two CG on SE to such motion stimulation | MEDAL |
we investigated the effects of the drug ketamine on procedural intermediate and LTM formation in a wellestablished operant learning and SM model system lymnaea stagnalis animals were administered ketamine at discrete time points ranging from h preonetrial training tt to h posttt our results demonstrated that ketamine causes impairment of procedural SM formation and that ketamine acts differentially inhibiting only LT memory ltm formation while having no effect on intermediateterm memory itm formation ketamines ability to inhibit ltm was found not to be due to state dependent learning implying that ketamines effects are therefore specific to the molecular process involved in procedural ltm formation given past data from our laboratory this suggests that ketamine may be exerting its differential effects by altering the gene transcription processes necessary and specific for ltm formation additionally ketamine was found to have no effect on retrieval when administered h before testing however ketamine was able to disrupt ltm formation when po immediately before tt and up to h T3 tt our findings suggest a longer period of consolidation after tt than previously demonstrated in lymnaea during which the procedural LTM remains labile and is vulnerable to disruption via amnestic agents such as ketamine | MEDAL |
the reliability of the channels ratio method for determining counting efficiency in liquid scintillation counting was investigated it was found that the efficiency of counting gels cloudy samples twophase samples samples in which the radioactive material was precipitating and samples on solid supports could not be reliably determined from a normal quench correction curve a curve constructed from external standard channels ratios was unreliable when mixing different vial sizes and sample volumes but one constructed from sample channels ratios was not it was also found that R2 in SF-36 performance can result in large PE unless samples and standards are counted together statistical error changed relatively little within the range of ratios to | MEDAL |
Endo monophasic action potentials maps were recorded at the RVA in a patient with qtu prolongation and torsade de pointes tdp in association with marked bradycardia and hypokalemia there was a distinct hump on phase repolarization of the maps characteristic of EADs eads which was associated with marked prolongation of the qtu interval on the surface electrocardiogram ead amplitude was bradycardia dependent and there was a strong correlation r between the preceding rr interval and the amplitude of the ead percent of map amplitude i.v. of lidocaine or right VVI pacing suppressed the ventricular premature complexes and tdp in association with the suppression of the eads on the maps furthermore these eads were not recorded on the maps month later when the qtu prolongation and tdp had disappeared these findings suggest that the tu abnormality and qtu prolongation responsible for tdp were due to bradycardiadependent eads | MEDAL |
cellfree protein synthesis cfps offers many advantages for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins using the cho cellfree system however many complex proteins are still difficult to express using this method to investigate the current bottlenecks in cellfree glycoprotein production we chose erythropoietin glycosylated an essential endogenous hormone which stimulates the OD of red blood cells here we report the production of recombinant erythropoietin epo using cho CF system using this method epo was expressed and purified with a twofold increase in yield when the cellfree reaction was supplemented with cho microsomes the protein was purified to near homogmal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase in all the five species genetic synteny was conserved in both penicillium and aspergillus species although genomic location seemed to be different since the clusters presented different flanking regions except for a steynii and a westerdijkiae these observations support the hypothesis of the orthology of this genomic region and that it might have been acquired by horizontal transfer new realtime rtpcr assays for quantification of the expression of these ota biosynthetic genes were developed in all species the five genes were consistently expressed in otaproducing strains in permissive conditions these protocols might favour futures studies on the regulation of biosynthetic genes in order to develop new efficient control methods to avoid ota entering the food chain | MEDAL |
caprine herpesvirus cphv infection in goats induces genital vesicularulcerative lesions that strictly resemble those produced by human HHV-8 in humans in previous studies the potent inhibition of cphv by cidofovir was demonstrated cidofovir antiherpetic activity was evaluated in goats INF experimentally by the vaginal route with cphv and then treated locally at different times after infection the administration of cidofovir cream onto vaginal mucosa was able to prevent the onset of genital lesions and to decrease significantly the titers of the virus shed by the infected animals notably in the groups treated shortly T3 infection and h the efficacy of CDV against caprine HHV-8 infection was higher when the treatment was started shortly T3 infection than when lesions were already present and advanced HHV-8 genital infection of goats is a useful animal MM to T0 the activity of antiviral drugs against human herpesvirus infections | MEDAL |
a yearold man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of gastric tube cancerctnm cstage ii adetected by a screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy seven years previously he had undergone subtotal esophagectomy for esophageal CA with gastric pullup via the retrosternal route at that time he experienced CP arrest due to ventric ular tachycardia he was in a state of poor nutritionbmi kgm therefore reducing operative stress as much as possible minimizing complications T3 surgery and aiming for a satisfactory postoperative course are all important goals based on his past history we performed distal gastrectomyresection of the distal part of the gastric tubewithout excision of the RA gastroepiploic artery the postoperative course was uneventful he was discharged days T3 surgery by considering the risks of surgery due to cardiac dysfunction and malnutrition we were able to provide effective and safe therapy for the patient | MEDAL |
glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide early detection of glaucoma is traditionally based on assessment of the cuptodisc cd ratio an important indicator of structural changes to the optic nerve head here we present an automated NVD segmentation algorithm in d spectral domain optical coherence tomography sdoct volumes to quantify this ratio the proposed algorithm utilizes a twostage strategy first it detects the neural canal opening nco by finding the points with maximum curvature on the RPE rpe boundary with a spatial rho smoothness constraint on consecutive bscans and it approximately locates the coarse disc SM in the projection image using convex hull fitting then a patch searching procedure using a probabilistic support vector machine svm classifier finds the most likely patch with the nco in its center in order to refine the segmentation result thus a REF plane can be determined to calculate the cd radio experimental results on sdoct volumes from glaucoma patients demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve high segmentation accuracy and a low cd ratio DUE error the unsigned border error for optic disc segmentation and the evaluation error for cd ratio comparing with manual segmentation are ± pixels ± mm and ± respectively | MEDAL |
nondioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls ndlpcbs and some of their metabolites might initiate neurological neuroendocrinological immunological and carcinogenic effects dietary exposure of the belgian adult population to ndlpcbs was investigated in this study foods from five food groups collected in belgium in were analyzed by gcmsms for the six indicator pcbs pcb and results were expressed as the sum of the six congeners a dietary exposure assessment was performed combining ndlpcbs levels found in food with data from the national food consumption survey of fish and fish products were the dominating food group in terms of contamination level with the highest levels measured in the composite sample «other fishes» ngg fw the dietary SE of the belgian population n to ndlpcbs ranged from ngkg bwday on average to ngkg bwday at the th percentile using the lower bound concentration the mean dietary SE mainly originates from fish and fish products followed by dairy products as neither efsa nor jecfa have set a tolerable daily intake for ndl pcbs uncertainty remains about how to interpret the exposure data in terms of public health | MEDAL |
basaloid carcinomas of the vulva have been reported to occur mostly in young women and are often associated with human papillomavirus hpv infection whereas older women mostly suffer from keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas unassociated with hpv the rare case of a year old woman coincidentally suffering from a basaloid carcinoma and a keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is reported with in situ hybridisation hybrid capture and immunohistochemical methods we searched for hpv and expression of cytokeratin aeae cytokeratin hmw and cytokeratin hpv was not found in either of the carcinomas cytokeratin hmw showed a focal IF reaction in the keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and no expression in the basaloid carcinoma immunohistochemical staining reaction for cytokeratin aeae was found in both tumors with the same IF DP cytokeratin was ND in either of the two carcinomas | MEDAL |
to know possible involvement of primary afferents in paresthesia of subacute myeloopticoneuropathy smon influence on polymodal receptor a type of nociceptor of its causal agent clioquinol chloroiodohydroxyquinoline was tested using in vitro testissuperior spermatic nerve preparations of dogs SE to clioquinol greater than microm induced an abnormal bursting activity in polymodal receptors and thereafter the receptors were sensitized to an algesic CS- hypertonic saline and gained a new sensitivity to cold while pure mechanoreceptors were not influenced on the other hand clioquinol TG microm a detoxicated form had no such effects these results are consistent with several clinical observations of sensory aberrations suggesting possible involvement of the abnormal activities of polymodal receptors in smon paresthesia | MEDAL |
polyphenoloxidase from grape berries is extracted only by nonionic detergents with a hydrophiliclipophilic balance between and the enzyme was partially purified in latent form free of phenolics and chlorophylls by using temperature phase partitioning in a solution of triton x this method permits the purification of the enzyme with the same fold purification as the commonly used method but with a yield three times higher and a reduction in time needed the latent enzyme can be G1 by different treatments including trypsin and cationic and anionic detergents cetyltrimethylamonium bromide was found to be the most effective detergent activator followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate PPO in grape berries in spite of being an integral membrane protein had an anomalous interaction with triton x remaining in the detergentpoor phase after phase separation this could be explained by its having a short hydrophobic tail that anchors it to the membrane | MEDAL |
although herpes simplex virus type hsv is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in immunocompetent adults it is an unusual cause of encephalitis in patients with hivaids we report the case of a yearold man with recently diagnosed hiv infection who presented with subacute mental status changes fever and temporal lobe CA evident on BB imaging results of a polymerase chain reaction assay of the cerebrospinal fluid were positive for hsv his course was complicated by episodes of CBF hemorrhage he ultimately improved after surgical decompression treatment with acyclovir and a switch from a protease inhibitorbased antiretroviral regimen to one including an integrase inhibitor | MEDAL |
relationships between hemoglobin level and s hematobium hookworm and malarial infection before and six months after metrifonate treatment were studied in kenyan primary school children in an area where anemia s hematobium and hookworm are common prevalences and respectively and malaria is holoendemic the mean hemoglobin level in children from one school both with and without s hematobium infection n was significantly lower in children with higher s hematobium epg heavier hookworm infections positive plasmodium slides and larger spleens all children with lightmoderate s hematobium infection eggs ml adj in four schools were examined exam allocated at random to either PL mip n or MTF treatment mit n CG treated and examined again six months later exam HbA1c rose significantly in both CG between exams but the rise in the mit group was higher than in the mip group vs gdl p less than the increase in hemoglobin level in the mit group was significantly and positively correlated with decreases between exams in s hematobium and hookworm egg counts and with higher malarial parasite counts at exam pearson rs respectively p less than a stepwise multiple regression equation using hemoglobin rise between exams as the dependent VL showed that decreases in s hematobium and hookworm epg were equally important determinants of hemoglobin rise and that malarial parasite count was almost as important as the changes in intensities of the helminth infections these results show that treatment for s hematobium with metrifonate can increase HbA1c in children in an area where s hematobium and anemia are common they also emphasize the importance of measuring multiple parasitic infections and using multivariate statistical techniques such as multiple SRA in order to define the relationships between parasitic infections and morbidity | MEDAL |
the clinical skills of medical interviewing physical examination and counseling remain vital to the effective care of patients yet research continues to document serious deficiencies in clinical skills among students and residents the most important method of evaluation is the direct observation of trainees performing these clinical skills standardized patients and other simulation technologies are important and reliable tools for teaching clinical skills and evaluating competence anve state aeds can have positive or negative effects on mood providing another consideration in choosing the course of treatment | MEDAL |
heatshock proteins hsps have been identified as molecular chaperones conserved between microbes and man and grouped by their molecular mass and high degree of CAA homology this article reviews the major hsps of saccharomyces cerevisiae their interactions with trehalose the effect of fermentation and the role of the heatshock factor information derived from this model as well as from neurospora crassa and achlya ambisexualis helps in understanding the importance of hsps in the pathogenic fungi candida albicans cryptococcus neoformans aspergillus spp Hc paracoccidioides brasiliensis trichophyton rubrum phycomyces blakesleeanus fusarium oxysporum coccidioides immitis and pneumocystis jiroveci this has been matched with proteomic and genomic information examining hsp expression in response to noxious stimuli fungal hsp has been identified as a target for immunotherapy by a genetically recombinant antibody the concept of combining this antibody fragment with an antifungal drug for treating lifethreatening fungal infection and the potential interactions with human and microbial hsp and nitric oxide is discussed | MEDAL |
the aim of this work was to test immobilized metal affinity chromatography imac for the purification of penicillin acylase T3 evaluation of different metals cu was selected different samples were tested pure PAC industrial clarified feedstock and CE after comparing two eluents nhcl and imidazole it appeared that although both gave good results for recovery and activity nhcl was a more selective eluent with a higher fold purification than imidazole versus moreover we shown that a multistep gradient of nhcl greatly increased the degree of purification compared with the onestep process as control in addition good recovery was obtained | MEDAL |
the known shift in collagen synthesis from PC type i to type iii in patients with atherosclerosis suggested measurement of serum procollagen iii peptide piiip levels in patients with coronary i.a. disease cad two groups of patients were studied group ithirtysix patients with cad male mean age years hospitalized for coronary angiography risk AF included patients with HBP four diabetics smokers and with hypercholesterolaemia five patients had no significant lesions seven had one vessel with over stenosis had two vessels and had three vessels group ii patients male mean age years with normal PE and ecg according to who criteria formed the control group the risk AF included nine patients with HBP sm and one with HC procollagen iii peptide C2 were determined by radioimmunoassay in group i piiip C2 were ng ml vs for group ii sixtyone per cent of GI had pathological levels of piiip with an absence of rho with the severity of atherosclerosis or risk factors only of patients in group ii had pathological levels PC iii peptide determination would appear to be a CS TPS and predictive test for atherosclerosis in patients with cad | MEDAL |
biomimetics inspired by superstructures and extraordinary properties of teeth have resulted in tooth repair and the generation of novel materials however little attention has been paid to tooth color whose origin remains unknown based on recent studies fluorophoresmainly aromatic amino acids aaas in proteinsmight be responsible for tooth color we synthesized carbonated hydroxyapatite ha the mineral phase of teeth in the presence of different amino acids aas the basic units of protein matrix of teeth as a simplified MM of teeth to explore the color source at the aa level T3 measuring the fluorescence and color characteristics of haaas before and after bleaching treatment we found that only ha synthesized in the presence of aaas exhibited remarkable fluorescence and color property furthermore linearly increased FI and deeper color were observed with an increase in aaa content in haaaas similarly significantly decreased absorbance of haaaas between and nm in ultraviolet spectra declined fluorescence intensity and decolored performance of haaaas were observed after bleaching treatment the results showed that aaas contributed to the fluorescence and color properties of ha and that hydrogen peroxide might whiten haaaas by oxidizing the benzene ring in aaas these findings are of great significance in promoting the synthesis of T3 toothcolored materials and furthering our understanding of the possible mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide moreover our T0 shed light on the importance of aaas and might provide new ideas for investigations of biomineralization and biomimetics | MEDAL |
nonpenetrating TE was performed on aphakic eyes consisting of with chronic openangle glaucoma and with AA andor complicated glaucoma the canal of schlemm and the juxtacanalicular TM were excised for a length of mm beneath a mm x mm scleral flap at one year postoperatively of all patients were controlled required no antiglaucoma medications however of chronic simple glaucoma patients were satisfactorily controlled the mean followup period was years minimal complications have been encountered to date nonpenetrating TE may be valuable as an initial procedure in aphakic patients who require glaucoma filtration surgery | MEDAL |
both nitric oxide and ADMA adma play a critical role in the regulation of CBF blood flow though their neuroprotective and cytotoxic effects are still under investigation in this study we found that nitratenitrite nox C2 in plasma ischemic brain tissue and CSF fluid csf increased significantly h after h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mcao in rats adma C2 were unchanged in plasma but decreased significantly in csf h following mcao the csf admanox ratio decreased markedly following ischemia rats protected by expression of the chaperonin groel or its folding deficient mutant dk had lower plasma nox C2 at h reperfusion adma no and their ratio in csf merit further T0 as biomarkers for ischemic BB injury | MEDAL |
experiments on rat MES arterioles metarterioles and aortae demonstrate that although alphamethylnorepinephrine is much less potent in inducing contraction than epinephrine on all three blood vessel types it is either equivalent or only one and a half to two times less potent than the NK postganglionic neurotransmitter norepinephrine on these blood vessels furthermore alphamethylnorepinephrine is equivalent to norepinephrine in its ability to inducetion of the rightsided anomalous pathway the presence of the rightsided anomalous pathway capable of both antegrade and retrograde conduction was suggested by the following observations type b preexcitation on the surface electrocardiogram maximal preexcitation and minimal stimulusdelta with low lateral right atrial pacing epicardial mapping of the atria and ventricles and disappearance of VVI preexcitation T3 surgical ablation of the rightsided anomalous pathway the presence of an additional leftsided anomalous pathway capable of only retrograde conduction concealed on the surface electrocardiogram was suggsted by the following observations left to RA retrograde atrial activation sequence during reentrant tachycardia and VVI pacing at rapid rates and with coupled VVI pacing postoperatively spontaneous conversion of wide ors tachycardia utilizing the anomalous pathway for antegrade conduction to narrow qrs tachycardia with significant slowing in rate and smooth antegrade av nodal conduction curves with echo zone postoperatively the demonstration of bilateral anomalous pathway in patients with preexcitation has important EP and surgical implications | MEDAL |
epileptogenic foci in the footleg motor area of cortex are rarely resected due to the risks of the surgical procedures a yearold righthanded man with cortical dysplasia deep in the CE sulcus suffered from disturbances in walking due to frequent daily seizures following subdural electrode implantation to define the epileptogenic area and assess cortical CF limited regions of cortex were removed from the footleg primary motor and sensory Az under local anesthesia until the EDs disappeared postoperative motor weakness and sensory disturbances CR resolved within weeks and months respectively the patient has been free from seizures for more than a year and a half postsurgery intraoperative examination demonstrated that small and moderate cortical dysplasia in the depths of the central sulcus exhibits both intrinsic epileptogenicity and function focused resection of the LE of the sensorimotor area may be a surgical strategy for intractable epilepsy if resolution of clinical symptoms with minimal dysfunction due to the limited size of the resection is expected to follow surgery | MEDAL |
recent studies have revealed that increased expression of mo chemoattractant protein mcp plays a CE role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases nd is the aminoterminal deletion mutant of human mcp and works as a dominant negative inhibitor of mcp we devised a new strategy of antimcp GT by transfecting the nd gene into skeletal muscles nd gene transfection suppressed arteriosclerotic changes induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in rats and inhibited the OD progression and destabilization of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e KO this strategy also reduced restenosis T3 balloon injury in rats rabbits and monkeys and reduced neointimal formation T3 stent implantation in rabbits and monkeys this new strategy can be a useful and feasible GT against mcp related cardiovascular diseases | MEDAL |
to determine the role of calcium homeostasis in ischemic neuronal death the authors used an in vitro MM of OGD in neuronal cell lines exposure of human neuroblastoma shsyy cells to to hour OGD decreased viability to or less and longer SE times killed almost all cells the death following to hour oxygenglucose ED was not manifested until to hours T3 exposure ED of both glucose and oxygen together was required for expression of toxicity at these exposure times dantrolene which blocks the PR of endoplasmic reticulum ca stores partially protected shsyy cells from oxygenglucose deprivation toxicity the addition of dantrolene during the deprivation phase CT produced the maximal drug effect no further protection was obtained by continued drug exposure during the REC phase prevention of ca influx by chelation or channel blockade or the chelation of cytosolic ca did not inhibit OGD toxicity in contrast increasing extracellular ca or stimulating ca influx did inhibit toxicity calcium measurements with fura acetoxymethylester revealed that oxygenglucose ED caused a significant reduction in thapsigarginreleasable endoplasmic reticular stores of ca these studies suggest that an important component of the neuronal toxicity in CBF ischemia is due to disruption of calcium homeostasis particularly to the depletion of intracellular ca stores | MEDAL |
an examination technique adapted to comply with the demands of CTC is not only a basic requirement for a highquality examination and correct ascertainment of the findings it is also essential for farreaching applications of this method of examination the technique of ct colonography is based on good patient preparation with the aid of fecal tagging adequate distension of the colon with co and acquisition of data with the patient both prone and supine in a thinslice technique using a lowdose protocol the different technical aspects of ct colonography are explained in this paper | MEDAL |
this paper describes the fabrication of and data collection from two microfluidic devices a microfluidic threadpaper based analytical device μtpad and d microfluidic paperbased analytical device μpad flowing solutions of glucose oxidase gox horseradish peroxidase hrp and potassium iodide ki through each device on contact with gl generated a calibration curve for each platform the resultant yellowbrown color from the reaction indicates oxidation of iodide to iodine the devices were dried scanned and analyzed yielding a rho between yellow intensity and glucose concentration a similar procedure using an unknown concentration of gl in artificial urine is conducted and compared to the calibration curve to obtain the unknown value studies to quantify gl in artificial urine showed good correlation between the theoretical and actual concentrations as percent differences were ⤠an ann was trained on the fourchannel cmyk color data from μtpad and μpad analysis sites and pearson rho coefficients of r and respectively were obtained the ann was able to correctly classify of samples and of samples of the μtpad and μpad analysis CS respectively the development of this technology combined with ann should further facilitate the use of these platforms for colorimetric analysis of other analytes | MEDAL |
SSG tumors are rare in children and the incidence differs from the adult counterpart when salivary gland tumors do arise in children they preferentially affect L1 SGs but minor salivary gland PT have also been reported we reported the first case of palatal pleomorphic adenoma in a yearold child from thailand she came to sawanpracharak hospital with the chief complaint of a swelling at the left side of the palate the oral mucosa covering the lesion was IN occlusal radiograph revealed no bony destruction incisional biopsy was performed on this patient the biopsy showed several ducts which were lined by cuboidal cells these ducts were surrounded by ME cells some of which had the plasmacytoid appearance the patient was treated by wide local excision and no recurrence was observed years T3 the surgery differential diagnoses of a palatal swelling in children and treatment of pleomorphic adenoma at the palate were also discussed | MEDAL |
zoonoses diseases transmitted between animals and humans have been a concern in laboratory animal medicine for decades SE to zoonotic organisms not only poses health risks to personnel and research animals but may also affect research integrity early laboratory animal programs were ineffective at excluding and preventing transmission of zoonotic diseases the health status of the animals were often unknown endemic diseases occurred frequently housing conditions were less controlled and veterinary care programs were decentralized over time these conditions improved but despite this zoonotic diseases remain a contemporary concern to reduce the incidence of zoonoses management should perform an accurate risk assessment that takes into account the type of research performed animal species used animal sources and housing conditions specific research practices such as the use of biological materials can also affect the risk assessment and should be considered once identified the characteristics of significant zoonotic organisms can be examined in addition personnel attitudes and training facility design and management equipment availability personal protective equipment used SOPs and the institutions vermin control program can impact the risk assessment the effectiveness of the occupational health and safety program at managing risks of zoonoses should also be the percentage of poststress myocardial perfusion after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors seventyeight patients had stressinduced myocardial ischemia on mps mainly located in the anteroapical wall of the measured plasma ceramides higher levels of basal ceramide d b p ceramide d b p ceramide d b p and ceramide d b p were associated with lower poststress anteroapical wall perfusion notably these significant associations persisted even T3 adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk AF previous PD disease electrocardiographic left BBB left VVI ejection fraction and type of stress testing similar results were observed for poststress plasma ceramides conclusions higher circulating C2 of TPS ceramides both at baseline and after stress were independently associated with lower poststress anteroapical wall perfusion in patients with suspected or established PD disease referred for clinically indicated mps | MEDAL |
most thoracic aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic and are detected by chance on routine chest imaging for some other reasons only rarely it is symptomatic due to leak and dissection which is a potentially life threatening event that commonly presents with severe pain in this report we present the case of a yearold man who presented with shortness of breath intermittent cough fever and left sided painless hemorrhagic pleural effusion further investigation by plain radiography computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a saccular aneurysm arising from the lateral aspect of the midtransverse arch of the aorta along with a dissecting descending aortic aneurysm with false lumen communicating with left pleural space the patient refused any surgical procedure and was treated conservatively with blood transfusions and anti hypertensive medication on the th day patient finally succumb to a fatal episode of shock we suggest dissecting thoracic aneurysm be included in the differential diagnosis of nontraumatic hemorrhagic pleural effusion in an elderly patient presenting with dysnea cough and fever which otherwise suggest the clinical diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma computed tomography of the chest should be immediately performed as the diagnostic procedure of choice | MEDAL |
cultured V1 smooth muscle cells vsmc from rat thoracic aortas were exposed to hyperosmotic media to determine the effects on na katpase alpha and betamrna expression hyperosmotic media mosmkgho supplemented with gl or mannitol increased alphamrna C2 threefold at hr and betamrna C2 sevenfold at hr in sharp contrast hyperosmotic urea medium had no effect at any time both the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and the rna transcription inhibitor actinomycin d reduced alpha and betamrna upregulation induced by hyperosmotic gl or mannitol media protein kinase c pkc inhibitors staurosporine a or calphostin c or tyrosine kinase tk inhibitors genistein or herbimycin a had no effect on the alphamrna upregulation induced by hyperosmotic gl or mannitol media hyperosmotic glucose or mannitol media mosmkgho significantly increased alpha and betasubunit protein levels and na katpase activity whereas hyperosmotic urea medium had no effect transfection experiments with the flanking sequences of the alpha or betasubunit genes linked to the luciferase reporter gene revealed that hyperosmolar gl medium increased luciferase activity and fold respectively similarly hyperosmotic mannitol medium increased such activity and fold respectively these results demonstrate that i hyperosmolality induced by the poorly permeating solutes gl and mannitol stimulates alpha and betamrna accumulation alpha and betasubunit protein accumulation and na katpase activity whereas the rapidly permeating solute urea has no effect ii the upregulation of alpha and betamrna in response to hyperosmotic gl or mannitol media requires at least in part de novo synthesis of intermediate RII proteins iii the hyperosmolalityinduced alphamrna upregulation occurs through pkc and tkindependent mechanisms whereas the hyperosmolalityinduced betamrna upregulation occurs through activation of pkc and tk and iv hyperosmolality induced by glucose or mannitol increases promoter activities of the alpha and betasubunit genes | MEDAL |
we report the case of a patient with persistent and worsening ISRs associated with subcutaneous etanercept therapy ISRs are well documented to occur early in therapy however they typically decrease in frequency over time this patient developed early injection site reactions that have persisted and worsened into his tenth month of treatment with etanercept | MEDAL |
laserdoppler ldf skin perfusion pressure was measured and compared with doppler ankle pressure measurements in normal subjects and patients with rest pain and anklefoot doppler pressure lower than mmhg six different commercially available ldf instruments were used to obtain perfusion pressure a standard blood pressure cuff was used measuring the pressure at which the skin flux reading reached the biological zero level when inflating the cuff p and the pressure at which the ldf tracing reappeared after deflating the cuff from sovrasistolic pressure level p perfusion pressure pp was considered to be the average p p no differences in pp amongst the instruments both in normal and vascular subjects were observed these results indicate that pp is an universal ldf measurement which can be easily obtained with different ldf instruments | MEDAL |
fibroblast growth factor fgf plays an important role in the treatment of disease associated with muscle insulin resistance which is characterized by various factors such as intramuscular triglyceride imt content studies have also shown that fgf inhibits triglyceride synthesis in vivo however the precise mechanism whereby fgf regulates triglyceride metabolism in IM fat imf which may influence the muscle insulin sensitivity is not clearly understood in order to understand the role of fgf in imf deposition we performed fgf overexpression in imf cells by SD transfection our results showed that fgf inhibited the key adipogenesis gene mrna expression of peroxisome proliferatoractivated TRG pparg ccaatenhancerbinding protein cebp family by reducing lysinespecific demethylase lsd expression which led to significant decline in lipid accumulation and the result was confirmed by western blot moreover triggered by fgf parts of the adipokinesfatty acidbinding protein fabp glucose transporter glut adiponectin adipoq and perilipin plinwere also downregulated furthermore fgf mRNA was suppressed by transcription factor cebp beta cebpb which contributed strongly to triglyceride synthesis taken together our study is the first to experimentally demonstrate fgf emerging as an efficient blockade of adipogenesis in imf thus also providing a new understanding of the mechanism whereby fgf improves insulin sensitivity | MEDAL |
small electrontransfer proteins such as flavodoxin kda and thehniques the tumour showed exclusively exophytic growth with anastomosing acanthosis and papillomatosis groups of vacuolated cells were present in the spinous and granular layers endophytic and destructive proliferations and cytologic criteria of malignancy were absent this tumor was a giant condyloma acuminatum and not either a buschkelöwenstein tumour or a VC there was no recurrence years T3 local excision the differential diagnosis of giant condylomas and buschkelöwenstein tumours is discussed | MEDAL |
natriuretic peptides np anp and bnp are produced by cardiomyocytes when there is stretching of the ventricular and auricular walls in HF hf their vasodilatator and natriuretic effect oppose to volume and pressure overload occurring in hf several studies have observed decreased levels of np in obese and diabetic people and in patients with insulin resistance this decrease could contribute to hypertension frequently observed in obesity np have also a lipolytic action low levels of np could promote obesity therefore in obese patients normal bnp C2 cannot a priori exclude hf normal values must be adjusted according to obesity degree and HF stage | MEDAL |
primary aldosteronism pa is the most frequent form of SH but diagnostic tools for this disease still lack optimal accuracy the HR is one important target tissue for damage due to excess aldosterone and the role of natriuretic peptides is well recognized in diagnosing HF we hypothesized that measuring the ntprobnp could improve the diagnostic evaluation of pa we enrolled HT who underwent aldosterone to renin ratio arr screening and underwent an intravenous saline loading test ivslt because of a high arr the ntprobnp level positively correlated with the arr and inversely correlated with the renin level the ntprobnp level was higher in patients with a high arr than in those with a low arr and higher in patients with a positive ivslt than in those with a negative ivslt T3 LR analysis an ntprobnp value above the median and male gender were predictors of a positive ivslt the proportion of patients with a positive ivslt ranged from only in females with a low ntprobnp to in males with a high ntprobnp ntprobnp and gender are predictors of a positive pa confirmatory test these findings highlight the possibility of using ntprobnp to identify which patients with a high arr should receive a CR pa diagnostic DUE | MEDAL |
human fibroblasts were embedded in microscopicsized agarose beads and lysed in situ to produce chromosomesized dna trapped inside the beads conventional alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis of trapped dna from cells damaged by xrays before embedding gave mol wts similar to those obtained with ALP sucrose gradients when cells were irradiated with uv CS before embedding in agarose and incubated with uv endonuclease to cleave cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer sites uv damage was detectable by gel PACE over a range of jm as a linear CF of dose and repair was detectable within h of irradiation two independently derived uvresistant xeroderma pigmentosum xp revertants did not remove cyclobutane dimers up to h T3 irradiation incubation of normal and xp revertant cells with cytosine arabinoside T3 uv irradiation resulted in similar numbers of singlestrand breaks these breaks represent repair of nondimer photoproducts evidently excision of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from the whole genome is not necessary for survival of human cells in AD male albino rats the significance of forebrain areas and neuroendocrinal connection to hypothalamus is discussed | MEDAL |
peripheral sources of CBF vascular innervation have been investigated with VA and anterograde neuronal tracing of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase wgahrp in the rat for retrograde ID of sources of innervation wgahrp was applied to the exposed BA artery through a fine slit in the overlying meninges and sections of BB and IP ganglia were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine for PCD of the tracer a high density of tetramethylbenzidine RP was observed around the BA i.a. and in the surrounding pial tissue but the application sites were not CR selective since some tracer always had spread into the VP brain stem retrogradely labelled cell bodies were identified in the SCG stellate first and second spinal and trigeminal ganglia ie these ganglia may represent origins of BA artery innervation in a second series of experiments microinjections of wgahrp were placed into the indicated ganglia to obtain anterograde labelling of nerve fibres on wholemounts of the cerebral vessels i.v. into trigeminal ganglia labelled nerve fibres on the ipsilateral half of the circle of willis as well as the CL anterior cerebral artery and the rostral part of the basilar i.a. the first and second spinal ganglia projected to the vertebrobasilar arteries while the ipsilateral part of the internal carotid outside the circle of willis received fibres from the second spinal ganglion nerve fibres originating in TG and spinal ganglia were organised in bundles and between these a sparse plexus of thin single MF appeared injection of wgahrp into SCG labelled a plexus of nerve fibres on the ipsilateral circle of willis and the rostral BA artery these experiments demonstrated the origin and distribution of sympathetic and sensory innervation to L1 CBF arteries in the rat | MEDAL |
adenomatoid odontogenic tumour aot is a benign tumour of odontogenic origin the differential diagnosis of aot is crucial in terms of surgical management the year old male patient presented in this case T0 was referred to the maxillofacial surgery clinic due to the incidental radiological finding of a large osteolytic lesion of the anterior mandible with a retained permanent canine at the base of the bone ultrasound imaging revealed the anterior surface of the tooth inside the lesion indicating extreme thinning of the maintained cortical bone and liquid filling of the cystic lesion surgery revealed a bone defect with a deformed incomplete tooth inside a granulationlike soft tissue the tooth was extracted and the soft tissues were excavated healing was uneventful radiographic and PCS investigations during LT followup demonstrated complete bone CR some Az of the tumour were alphasmoothmuscleactin positive indicating a myoepithelial differentiation differential diagnosis of aot to other odontogenic tumours such as ameloblastoma is crucial for therapy exact morphological diagnosis avoids extensive ablative surgery | MEDAL |
safety data were reviewed from several controlled PCTs of ibutilide a new class iii antiarrhythmic drug recently approved for the acute interruption of atrial fibrillation and flutter noncardiovascular adverse effects of ibutilide were similar in frequency to those with placebo cardiovascular adverse effects occurred in of ibutilidetreated patients as compared with of sotaloltreated patients and of patients who received PL polymorphous ventricular ART diagnosed as torsades de pointes was more common with ibutilide than with placebo or sotalol treatment it occurred in of patients including whose torsades de pointes was sustained and required cardioversion in the ibutilide group of patients had nonsustained monomorphic VVI ART compared with of patients who received sotalol and of patients who received PL all of the sustained arrhythmias except occurred within hour of the end of ibutilide infusion and all were successfully terminated without sequelae in a multiple logistic regression analysis bradycardia low body weight and PH of CHF were predictive of the occurrence of TP SH conduction block bradycardia and all other cardiovascular adverse effects all occurred at similar rates in the ibutilide and placebotreated CG for patients who failed to convert while receiving ibutilide there was no decrease in the efficiency of cardioversion nor was there an increase in the mean energy requirements for subsequent electrical cardioversion analysis of a month followup T0 showed that patients receiving ibutilide had similar outcomes compared with patients receiving PL one placebotreated patient died other than TP ibutilide has a very good safety profile under the proper clinical conditions this complication of ibutilide therapy can be rapidly diagnosed and effectively treated | MEDAL |
there is an association between depression and chronic pain and some antidepressants exert antinociceptive effects in humans and laboratory animals we examined the effects of fluvoxamine a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor on mechanical allodynia and its mechanism of action in the mouse chronic pain MM which was prepared by partially ligating the sciatic nerve the antiallodynic effect was measured using the von frey test FLV produced antiallodynic effects following both SVR and intrathecal administration in hydroxytryptamine htdepleted mice prepared by intracerebroventricular i.t. of dihyroxytryptamine the fluvoxamineinduced antiallodynic effect was significantly att the antiallodynic effects of systemic fluvoxamine were also reduced by both SVR and intrathecal administration of ketanserin a htac receptor antagonist in addition FLV also induced antinociceptive effect in the acute paw pressure test and this effect was antagonized by the ht receptor antagonist granisetron these results indicate that FLV exerts its antiallodynic effects on NP via descending ht SF and spinal hta or htc receptors and the antinociception on acute mechanical pain via ht receptors | MEDAL |
Tc lymphocytes ctls that infiltrate the heart are important immune effectors implicated in heart transplant rejection myocarditis and other cardiomyopathies to investigate the mechanisms underlying ctl damage to the myocardium through activation of the fas receptor fascdapo by the fas ligand we explored the interaction between peritoneal exudate ctls pels derived from perforin geneknockout p mice and mu VVI myocytes fas expression on isolated VVI myocytes was demonstrated immunohistochemically action potentials cai transients and contractions of myocytes conjugated to p pels or treated with the apoptosisinducing antifas monoclonal antibody jo were recorded action potential characteristics of nonconjugated myocytes and myocytes conjugated with p pels were respectively as follows vm and mv meansem action potential amplitude and mv and action potential duration at repolarization and milliseconds all p p pels also induced early and delayed afterdepolarizations as well as arrhythmogenic activity diastolic cai increased during the cytocidal interaction with p pels from a fluorescence ratio of n to n p all of the effects caused by p pels were reproduced by incubating the myocytes with jo heparin microgml an antagonist of inositol trisphosphate ipoperated sarcoplasmic reticulum ca channels or u micromoll a phospholipase c inhibitor but not the inactive agonist u prevented fasmediated myocyte dysfunction additionally intracellular application through the patch pipette of the active ip analogue inositol trisphosphate but not the inactive analogue Ins trisphosphate caused electrophysiological changes resembling those resulting from p pels and jo suggesting that ctlinduced fasbased myocyte dysfunction is mediated by ip we conclude that a fasbased perforinindependent mechanism of ctl action can account for the immunopathology seen in the allotransplanted heart myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy | MEDAL |
the reversible period of hypoxia and ischemia is a consequence of the CF of numerous RII mechanisms which convert cells to a G0 thus early changes in metabolism reflect regulatory events rather than pathological events odependent enzymes oxidases and oxygenases are the primary sensors for physiological responses to hypoxia and failure of their functions are ultimately responsible for hypoxic and ischemic cell injury at least of these enzymes are known to occur in kidney but only cytochrome oxidase has been extensively studied with regard to the above processes heterogeneity of subcellular oxygenation occurs as a result of the existence of clusters of mitochondria in the basolateral regions of proximal and distal tubule cells this creates regions with very high o consumption rates and results in DWI limitations in o supply finally dramatic progress has been made in protecting against ischemic injury through use of nonpermeant solutes to reduce cell swelling addition of atpmgcl to stimulate REC of cellular adenylates upon reoxygenation use of a ca uptake blocker to prevent cellular loading of ca and addition of EDC to inhibit superoxide and ho production or scavenge reactive o species while the mechanistic details and complete description of metabolic effects are not yet available the ability to alter cellular metabolism and delay or prevent irreversible injury marks a very important advance in renal physiology | MEDAL |
rates of delay and refusal of recommended childhood vaccines are increasing in many us communities childrens HCPs have a strong influence on parents knowledge attitudes and beliefs about vaccines provider attitudes towards immunizations vary and affect their immunization advocacy one factor that may contribute to this variability is their familiarity with vaccinepreventable diseases and their sequelae the purpose of this study was to investigate the association of HCP year of graduation with vaccines and vaccinepreventable disease beliefs we conducted a cross sectional survey in of PCPs identified by parents of children whose children were fully vaccinated or exempt from one or more school immunization requirements we examined the association of provider graduation cohort years with beliefs on immunization disease susceptibility disease severity vaccine safety and vaccine efficacy surveys were completed by providers response rate more recent HCP graduates had decreased odds of believing vaccines are efficacious compared to graduates from a previous year period had lower odds of believing that many commonly used childhood vaccines were safe and of recent graduates believed that immunizations do more harm than good recent HCP graduates have a perception of the riskbenefit balance of immunization which differs from that of their older counterparts this NC has the potential to be reflected in their immunization advocacy and affect parental attitudes | MEDAL |
local hemodynamics were investigated during operations for cerebral arteriovenous malformation avm in all cases microvascular DS was used to measure flow E/A and VMR to co changes intravascular pressure recordings were performed in six patients the avm feeders had low intravascular pressure HF velocity low peripheral stream resistance and very poor vasomotor reactivity remote brain arteries showed no abnormalities doppler findings in arterial branches of avm feeders that supplied normal BB indicated arteriolar dilation in their peripheral distribution on removal of the angiomas the arteries that formerly supplied them showed a return to normal intravascular pressure whereas flow velocities dropped far below normal in these vessels remote arteries and branches of the former avm feeders supplying the brain did not show any signs of impaired vasomotor reactivity following angioma removal the results are in contrast to the NPPB theory | MEDAL |
by dynamic CS scattering the intensity autocorrelation function gtau b betagtau was obtained over the scattering angles theta from to degrees in steps of degrees for semidilute solutions of muscle factin and of factin complexed with heavy meromyosin in the absence of atp actohmm where b is the baseline and beta a constant the main findings were a mgml factin solution gave nonreproducible spectra at theta less than or equal to degrees but quite reproducible spectra at theta greater than or equal to degrees with beta at all theta values nonreproducibility of spectra at low theta values was concluded to be due to restricted motions of very long filaments confined in cages or zigzag tubing formed by a major fraction of filaments where the very long filaments were those at a distant tail of an exponential length distribution and the major fraction of filaments were those with lengths around lnln ln being the numberaverage length spectral widths were compared with theoretical ones for rigid rods averaged over the length distribution with ln nm and were suggested to be largely contributed at high theta values from bending motions of filaments actohmm solutions at mgml factin and at weight ratios of hmm to factin of gave spectra which with respect to theta behaved very similarly to those of factin CT the spectral widths however drastically decreased with the weight ratio up to unity and stayed virtually constant above unity in contrast to a previous T0 fd carlson and ab fraser j mol biol beta values of actohmm were as large as those of factin alone actohmm was concluded to travel a distance far greater than k with a mobility smaller than that of factin where k pilambda sintheta lambda being the wavelength of CS in the medium these results suggest that actohmm gels are very soft even though they did not pour from an inverted cell based on several intuitive models which give a mutual relationship between the beta value and modes of motion of scatterers we discuss the restricted motions responsible for nonreproducibility of spectra at low angles and large beta values of actohmm gels at all theta values and weight ratios so far studied | MEDAL |
a clinical trial with four CG receiving either or micro g of purified nonadsorbed hepatitis b surface antigen hbsag was performed to T0 the kinetics as well as the capacity of the immune SM to respond following exposure to hbsag in NR to a complete course of hepatitis b vaccine in whom antihbs titres had declined below the seroprotective level the T0 population included healthy individuals all response parameters seropositivity seroprotection rates booster response rates and geometric mean titres gmts consistently showed that the immune response was highly satisfactory and dosedependent a remarkable immune response was obtained even with a trace amount of hbsag this T0 further supports recent indication that booster SH b vaccine doses may be unnecessary in healthy adult NR to a full course of hepatitis b vaccination | MEDAL |
the cause of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ihps is poorly understood this descriptive study of ihps focuses on the effect of maternal nativity maternal hispanic ethnicity subtypes of maternal asian ethnicity and the timing of the infants surgery that is pyloromyotomy | MEDAL |
catheterbased approaches used in the localization and treatment of the source of heart rhythm disturbances arrhythmias have become popular because they do not require highly invasive and risky openchest operations in most of the existing approaches mapping of the outer surface epicardium is not possible even though arrhythmic substrates involving Epi and subepicardial layers account for about of the ventricular tachycardias in this study we report a feasibility study of a novel mapping approach targeting the epicardium which is based on the measurements of multielectrode catheters placed in the coronary veins we investigated three methods in determining the most probable region of early activation ie the region that contains the source of the abnormal activation on the HR using only a set of sparse venous catheter recordings the methods we proposed here were the linear estimation rho and the back propagation networks the linear estimation technique hypothesized the relationship between venous catheter measurements and unmeasured epicardial sites based on a previously recorded training data set the correlation method included a comparative analysis between test and training epicardial AT maps based on the measured values from the A-V sites in the back propagation method the input layer consisted of the source data in the form of NO which were the AT values from the intravenous catheter leads we used two hidden layers with and NO respectively the SO SL consisted of nodes in the output layer that corresponded to the manually selected early activation regions on the Epi the results of the linear estimation and the rho methods showed that they could be used as a good predictor for the region of early activation and thus these approaches may be employed to direct a subsequent more focused electrophysiological T0 and curative RF rf ablation the back propagation network approach performed relatively well for the RA ventricularly paced beats and the results demonstrated its potential as a supporting technique to the estimation and rho methods the results of this T0 encourage further investigation and provides evidence that an epicardial mapping RPA based on the A-V catheter recordings is feasible and can provide adequate accuracy for clinical applications | MEDAL |
we evaluated the effects of malnutrition on the allergic response in male epm WR the animals underwent two dietary regimens from the st to the th day of life as follows control animals were fed a normoproteic diet CS and malnourished animals a hypoproteic diet CS on day some of the animals were sacrificed for determination of TSP and albumin C2 in addition within each subgroup of the remaining animals some underwent intraperitoneal immunization with ovalbumin in aluminum XTT thus four CG of animal were obtained immunized controls n immunized malnourished animals n unimmunized controls n and unimmunized malnourished rats n fourteen days after sensitization with ovalbumin the animals were challenged with intravenous ovalbumin in order to induce an anaphylactic reaction which was evaluated by VP increase as assessed by the evans blue dye extravasation method extravasation of evans blue was quantitated in dried gastrointestinal tissues obtained from rats sacrificed min after induction of the anaphylactic reaction PCA pca reactions were also evaluated in the controls and malnourished rats the adequacy of our MM was confirmed by the reduction in WG in food NI and in total protein and albumin serum C2 in malnourished rats as compared to controls at days of life the anaphylactic reaction induced significant increase in V1 permeability particularly among control animals pcr results showed significantly lower titers in malnourished animals when their sera were injected into the skin of control animals in contrast pca reactions using sera from immunized control rats to inject into the skin of malnourished rats showed an equally intense reaction as that observed in control animals our results suggest that malnourished animals have a normal capacity of releasing inflammatory mediators and show a normal V1 response T3 anaphylaxis the diminished vascular response seen in the gastrointestinal tract in malnourished animals as compared to controls may be due to the production of lower C2 of ige antibodies caused by malnutrition | MEDAL |
Tb is a unicellular eukaryote that causes the deadly human african trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness in humans the parasite has a complicated lifestyle it developmentally changes aspects of its mitochondrial CF as it alternates from forms in the tsetse fly to forms adapted for life in the human bloodstream the single mitochondrion found in each trypanosome has to be duplicated precisely in each round of the cell cycle in order for parasites to replicate and this depends on the import of proteins from the cytosol here we review what is known about the mitochondrial protein import pathway in t brucei how it compares with the process in humans and how the distinguishing features seen in t brucei and humans promise new understanding of the mitochondrial protein import process in all eukaryotes | MEDAL |
aspergillus fumigatus causes serious and frequently fatal infections in immunocompromised patients to investigate the regulation of virulence of this fungus we constructed and analysed an a fumigatus mutant that lacked the transcription factor ace which influences virulence in other fungi the deltaace mutant had dysmorphic conidiophores reduced conidia production and abnormal conidial cell wall architecture this mutant produced an orange pigment when grown on solid media although its conidia had normal pigmentation conidia of the deltaace mutant were larger and had accelerated germination the resulting germlings were resistant to hydrogen peroxide but not other stressors nonneutropenic mice that were IS with cortisone acetate and infected with the deltaace mutant had accelerated mortality greater pulmonary fungal burden and increased pulmonary inflammatory responses compared with mice infected with the wildtype or deltaaceacecomplemented strains the deltaace mutant had reduced ppoc ecm and ags mrna expression it is known that a fumigatus mutants with absent or reduced expression of these genes have increased virulence in mice as well as other phenotypic similarities to the deltaace mutant therefore reduced expression of these genes likely contributes to the increased virulence of the deltaace mutant | MEDAL |
PF T3 pancreaticoduodenectomy represents a critical trigger of potentially lifethreatening complications and is also associated with markedly prolonged hospitalization many arguments have been proposed for the method to anastomosis the pancreatic stump with the gastrointestinal tract such as invagination vs ducttomucosa billroth i imanaga vs billroth ii whipple andor child or pancreaticogastrostomy vs PJ although the best method for dealing with the pancreatic stump PD remains in question recent reports described the invagination method to decrease the rate of pancreatic fistula significantly compared to the ducttomucosa anastomosis in billroth i reconstruction more frequent anastomotic failure has been reported and disadvantages of PG have been identified including an increased incidence of delayed gastric emptying and of pancreatic duct one due to overgrowth by the GM we review recent several safety trials and methods of treating the pancreatic stump PD and demonstrate an operative procedure with its advantage of the novel reconstruction method due to our experiences | MEDAL |
segmentary dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts are well depicted with ultrasound two groups of diseases could be differentiated by searching a liver mass biliary diseases without any RT or dilatation of biliary duct due to an adjacent liver mass inside these two groups some diseases are frequent and other not we will emphasize autoimmune cholangitis and low phospholipid associated cholelithiasis lpac with mdr deficiency decisional trees are proposed | MEDAL |
the mouse mutant jimpy carries an x chromosomelinked recessive gene defect that affects the formation of myelin in the CNS system to understand the molecular basis of the jimpy mutation we have examined the expression of mrnas encoding PLP plp plp mrnas were detectable in jimpy brain rna at days T3 birth but were severely reduced in abundance compared to wildtype littermates nucleotide CS analysis of cdna clones for plp mrna isolated from a cdna library of jimpy brain polya rna revealed that the plp mrna expressed in jimpy contained a deletion of nucleotides with respect to the wildtype CS this deletion causes a frameshift in the open reading frame resulting in an altered CT for jimpy plp probes TPS for the deleted sequence however hybridize with equal efficiency to genomic dna from jimpy and WT suggesting that the defect in the jimpy plp mrna is generated by aberrant rna processing rather than by deletion of genomic sequences we conclude that a mutation in the gene for plp that leads to an incorrectly spliced rna transcript is the primary defect of this genetic disorder | MEDAL |
to exert their cytotoxic function cytotoxic tlymphocytes ctl must be recruited into infected LT where the majority of human immunodeficiency virus hiv replication occurs normally effector t cells exit CL nodes lns and home to IP sites of infection how hivspecific ctl migrate into lymphoid tissue from which they are normally excluded is unknown we investigated which chemokines and receptors mediate this reverse homing and whether impairment of this homing could contribute to ctl dysfunction as hiv infection progresses analysis of ctl chemokine receptor expression in the blood and lns of untreated HIV+ individuals with SD chronic infection or advanced disease demonstrated that lns were EC for X4 cd t cells in all subjects suggesting a key role for this receptor in ctl homing to infected lymphoid tissue compared to subjects with chronic infection however subjects with advanced disease had fewer X4 cd TA in blood and lns X4 expression on bulk and hivspecific cd t cells correlated positively with cd count and negatively with viral load in advanced infection there was an accumulation of hivspecific cd t cells at the effector SM stage however decreased numbers of cxcr cd TA were seen across all maturation subsets plasma cxcl and cxcl were elevated in both infected CG in comparison to the C2 in uninfected controls whereas lower mrna levels of cxcr ligands and cd in lns were seen in advanced infection these data suggest that both cxcr cd TA and ln X4 ligands decrease as hiv infection progresses resulting in reduced homing of ctl into lns and contributing to immune dysfunction | MEDAL |
onethird of asphyctic neonates develop LT neurological injuries including several degrees of ischemic PR ipr such as ROP rop given that the retina is altered by PA our aim was to study the effects of nitric oxide no in the retina in order to analyze its impact on the retinal injury application of HT was evaluated as preventive treatment SDRs were subjected to PA either at °c pa group or at °c hyp group fullterm rats were used as controls ctl a significantly increased activity of both cNOS nnos cadependent and inducible no synthase inos caindependent was observed in pa retinas from days old up to days old with respect to agematched ctl with a significant increase along the time course in the pa nnos was immunolocalized at amacrine horizontal and ganglion cells of the pa group with a significant increase in relative optical density rod cellular area and number of cells inos immunoreactivity was observed in the inner nuclear SL and in the internal müller cell processes of pa with a significant increase in rod and colocalizing with gfap in the dayold pa group six nitrated protein species were increased in retinas from pa rats nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity showed a localization similar to that of inos with increased rod in the pa group and colocalization with gfap in dayold animals hyp prevented all the changes observed in pa rats although the no system displays changes induced by hypoxiaischemia hypothermia application shows a strong protective effect | MEDAL |
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