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the toxic effects of topical microbicides might include epithelial disruption and if sufficiently severe may cause visible one we have developed two CS methods to detect hemorrhage far below the visual PCD threshold an ELISA assay for HbA and a method for staining and enumerating red blood cells by fluorescent microscopy we have applied these methods to cervicovaginal and introital lavages and found them to be sensitive and quantitative over a broad range comparing the new techniques with a standard hemedetection CA hemastix we found them to be more CS more objective more fully quantitative and more likely to be indicative of recent events in pilot studies we found that the red blood cell and hemoglobin concentrations in samples taken in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle are low but still within the detection range of the new assays providing a quantifiable baseline from which increases in blood from epithelial disruption can be detected and quantified we propose that these new methods may be used for the safety assessment of microbicides by detecting and quantifying microhemorrhage in cervicovaginal secretions before and after SE to microbicide | MEDAL |
the separation and analysis of complex monosaccharide mixtures is highly challenging and requires typically carefully selected derivatization procedures to avoid changes in the sample composition here we present in a comparative T0 several single and twostep derivatization approaches for lc and gc separations using a set of reference EDC ranging from c building block in the biceps brachii muscle vs and achilles tendon vs p ⤠the elasticity of the MSK system seems to be lower in people with hsd sel could be a supplementary tool for diagnosing and monitoring hsd | MEDAL |
the purpose of the T0 was to describe the presentation and management of urinary incontinence because of severe labial adhesions records of all patients diagnosed with labial agglutination and UI at the division of gynecologic specialties between january and february were reviewed clinical presentation management and treatment outcome were extracted from the records five subjects were identified mean age was range years four subjects presented with mixed and one with urge urinary incontinence four reported change in flow of stream with voiding PCS examination showed neartotal occlusion of the introitus and urethral meatus in four subjects and partial occlusion in one subject all were treated topically with estrogen andor CS none of the subjects improved with conservative management and all required lysis of the labial adhesions postoperatively all were treated with daily topical estrogen and three with concurrent topical steroids all subjects reported resolution of voiding dysfunction three had complete resolution of their incontinence lysis of labial adhesions combined with postoperative topical estrogen and CS appears to be an effective treatment in women with this condition | MEDAL |
in this study relations among group members selfconcept verbal behaviors and group climate early in the group counseling process were assessed for college students who were randomly assigned to four counseling groups based on measures from the hill interaction matrix it was observed that family social and action selfconcepts as well as engagement avoidance and conflict group climate were correlated with several verbal behaviors silence and quadrant q which consists of speculative and confrontative verbal behaviors at personal and relationship levels significantly predicted and explained of the variance in engas of acute ACD and acute irritant contact dermatitis were established by topical application of oxazolone and PMA acetate tpa respectively inflammation was assessed in both dermatitis models by measuring ear thickness additionally the effect of apigenin on SC function in a mu subacute ACD model was assessed with an mpa physiology monitor our results demonstrate that topical applications of apigenin exhibit therapeutic effects in both acute irritant CD and ACD models moreover in comparison with the vehicle treatment topical apigenin treatment significantly reduced transepidermal water loss lowered skin surface ph and increased stratum corneum hydration in a subacute murine ACD MM together these results suggest that topical application of apigenin could provide an alternative regimen for the treatment of dermatitis | MEDAL |
many nonlinear processes link atmospheric emissions to the BA of metals consequently the monitoring of metals in ecosystem components is required to MM their ecodynamics american mink neovison vison and river otter lontra canadensis have the potential to serve as an upperlevelconsumer component in monitoring metals BA however the relationship of bioaccumulated metals to various environmental factors has not been explored nor have the effects of demographic factors been resolved to address these limitations mink and otter collected throughout new york state during were analyzed for hepatic concentrations of total mercury hg Cd cd and lead pb relationships were investigated between metals concentrations and landscapelevel factors physiographic zone hydrologic unit and elevation and demographic factors gender and age considerable R2 in hg and cd concentrations was observed relative to both physiographic zone and hydrologic unit for both species in contrast with hg cd concentration increased predictably with increasing elevation mercury concentrations were greater but for cd less in otter than mink lead concentrations showed little landscape heterogeneity and were independent of elevation agerelated bioaccumulation was evident for hg and cd but not for pb in both species mercury and cd concentrations were greater in female than male mink however pb concentrations were greater in males than females inverse relationships of relative growth weightlength to metals concentrations explained gender differences in hg and cd in mink for otter no genderrelated differences in metals concentrations were apparent the suitability of mink and otter for monitoring programs is discussed | MEDAL |
species dose and mean ion resident time mirtc in the concentrate of electrodialysis reversal edr desalination are analysed in the CP edr dimensions flow and velocity of dilute and concentrate are equal langelier saturation index lsi and caso saturation are used to control the scaling and fouling processes in concentrate as such lsi for preventing caco from fouling and caso saturation level for averting caso from precipitation if lsi is more than allowable limit acid is added in concentrate to keep caco continuously dissolving if caso saturation level in concentrate is more than the allowable limit sodium hexametaphosphate shmp is added in concentrate to maintain caso dissolving edr however was successfully modernised to operate with the higher water recovery rate r without any antiscalant and without acid this new edr operated with lsi at and caso saturation level at lower dose and lower mirtc dose and mirtc are proposed to address the controlling process monographs for the acids and shmp requirements and for the desalting cost including desalting SP membrane SA and chemicals usage are developed by lowering r and polar reversal interval edr can be operated at mirtc min at mirtc min desalting cost SE can be minimised by eliminating chemicals requirement | MEDAL |
ginger is frequently consumed as a spice and has numerous medicinal properties extensive research has characterized the antiinflammatory antioxidant and antitumor MICs of ginger previously we reported the mercapturic acid pathway as a L1 metabolic route of shogaol in mice and the thiol conjugates of shogaol existed in the glucuronidated and sulfated forms in mouse urine however their structures are still unknown in the present T0 we further investigated the phase ii metabolism of thiolconjugated shogaol in mouse urine in which we identified sixteen phase ii metabolites of thiolconjugated shogaol cysteinylshogaol TG nacetylcysteinylshogaol glucuronide cysteinylglycinylshogaol TG methylthioshogaol TG cysteinylm glucuronide and cysteinylm sulfate and nacetylcysteinylm TG and cysteinylglycinylm glucuronide and cysteinylglycinylm sulfate and and methylthiom TG and using liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry the structures of these metabolites were confirmed by analyzing their msn n spectra as well as comparing with the MS/MS spectra of authentic standards to the best of our knowledge this is the first report involving ID of phase ii urinary metabolites of shogaol in mice | MEDAL |
fsh regulates gene expression for granulosa cell differentiation and follicular development therefore fshresponsive genes are crucial but only a few genes have been identified for the early stage of follicular OD in particular little is known about cytoskeletal genes which likely play essential roles in the morphological changes such as the antrum formation a major landmark fsh is also known to induce the differentiation of an immature undifferentiated rat ovary granulosa rog cell line our data show that fsh induced massive yet distinct reorganization of microtubules and the actin cytoskeletons as well as morphological changes to identify those genes responding to fsh during the differentiation differential display was performed on rog cells of the fshresponsive genes identified there were three cytoskeletonrelated genes class i betatubulin TM and kinesin heavy chain which are crucial for intracellular morphogenesis transport and differentiation RNA blots show that the level of these gene transcripts reached a peak at h after fsh treatment and subsided at h fsh induced the similar temporal expression not only in GCs isolated from immature rats but also in vivo for instance in situ hybridization showed that betatubulin mrna was transiently expressed in the granulosa cells of large preantral and early antral follicles despite the same temporal expression the regulatory mechanisms of the three genes were strikingly different as an example cycloheximide blocked the betatubulin mrna expression whereas it increased TM tm mrna yet it did not impact KHC khc mrna in conclusion fsh induces the massive reorganization of the cytoskeletons and morphological changes by the selective regulation of the gene expression protein synthesis and rearrangement of the cytoskeletal proteins in the rog cells and probably specific follicles and GCs | MEDAL |
the use of a new subretinal i.t. device retinaject subretinal cannula surmodics inc eden prairie mn to access the SRS in the canine MM was evaluated subretinal i.v. were performed in mongrel dogs between and months of age median months in normal dogs the i.t. of microl saline or india ink occurred by using a conventional subretinal i.t. device csid with a gauge anterior chamber irrigating cannula the sclera had to be surgically exposed and penetrated before the subretinal i.t. with the csid could occur after removing the csid the conjunctiva over the sclerotomy site had to be closed in a second group of dogs normals rpe mutants and with progressive rod cone degeneration prcd the gauge needle of the retinaject was used to penetrate the conjunctiva and the sclera once the tip of the needle was close to the retinal surface a gauge polyimide cannula was D2 and brought into apposition with the retina for the subsequent subretinal injection of microl saline india ink or adenoassociated virus aav no closure of the conjunctiva was required the animals were clinically monitored between and weeks T3 surgery from this second group eyes were harvested for routine histological analysis either immediately T3 surgery or T3 a clinical observation time of between and weeks both devices provided equally successful access to the subretinal space the main advantage of the retinaject was that no surgical dissection was required this led to a shorter procedure time and milder postoperative conjunctival swelling in summary the use of the retinaject can be recommended as an alternative to the csid for subretinal i.v. in dogs | MEDAL |
multiple comorbidities sometimes represent a contraindication for total hip arthroplasty tha L1 PS of patients with hip pain include groin thigh and trochanteric pain groin and thigh pain arise from sensory branches of the obturator nerve whereas trochanteric pain arises from sensory branches of the FA nerve between january and october eighteen patients with chronic hip pain with several contraindications for tha were selected for a prospective T0 predenervation diagnosis was OA in patients and prolonged postoperative hip pain in tha girdlestone hip joint pain was treated by percutaneous RF lesioning of the sensory branches of the obturator and FA SN sixmonth followup data revealed a statistically significant decrease in visual analog scale vas scores and western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index womac scores and a statistically significant increase of harris hip score before radiofrequency and at month followup mean vas scores were range sigma sd and range sd respectively mean harris hip scores were range sd and range sd respectively and mean womac scores were range sd and range sd respectively all values were statistically significant p for students t test and wilcoxon signedrank test eight patients reported ⥠PR at month followup no SE were reported use of this technique for hip pain control is controversial in our experience percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning of the sensory branches of the SN innervating the hip joint can be an option for patients with intractable hip joint pain | MEDAL |
the stylohyoid chain presents considerable anatomic R2 threedimensional d ct is accepted as the method of choice for morphological assessment of the stylohyoid complex we present volumerendered d multislice ct images of an unusual incidental case of bilateral CR stylohyoid ossification with articulations | MEDAL |
host immunogenetic variations strongly influence the severity of GAS sepsis by modulating responses to streptococcal superantigens strepsags although hlaiidrdq alleles strongly protect against severe sepsis hlaiidrdrdq alleles significantly increase the risk for toxic shock syndrome we found that regardless of individual variations in tcrvβ repertoires the presentation of strepsags by the protective hlaiidrdq alleles significantly att proliferative responses to strepsags whereas their presentation by the highrisk alleles augmented it importantly hlaii variations differentially polarized cytokine responses to strepsags the presentation of strepsags by hlaiidrdq alleles elicited significantly higher ratios of antiinflammatory cytokines eg il to Th1 cytokines eg ifnγ than did their presentation by the highrisk hlaii alleles adding exogenous ril significantly att responses to strepsags presented by the highrisk hlaii alleles but did not CR block the response instead it reduced it to a level comparable to that seen when these superantigens were presented by the protective hlaii alleles furthermore adding NT antiil abs augmented strepsag responses in the presence of protective hlaii alleles to the same level as but no higher than that seen when the superantigens were presented by the highrisk alleles our findings provide a molecular basis for the role of hlaii allelic variations in modulating streptococcal sepsis outcomes and suggest the presence of an IC mechanism that maintains superantigen responses within a defined range which helps to eradicate the infection while attenuating pathological inflammatory responses that can inflict more harm than the infection itself | MEDAL |
transporter associated with antigen processing tapcompetent and tapdeficient cell lines were transfected with expression plasmids encoding either the wildtype wt large tumor antigen tag of sv or a truncated cytoplasmic variant ctag of this VP stable expression of comparable C2 of both forms of the viral protein was observed in different transfectants the truncated ctag variant but not the wttag was stably associated with the constitutively expressed cytosolic heat shock protein hsp chaperone two dbbinding peptides and one kbbinding peptide of tag were presented to cytotoxic t lymphocyte lines ctll by tapcompetent transfectants expressing either wttag or ctag tapdeficient transfectants expressing the wttag did not present any of these epitopes to ctll in contrast tapdeficient transfectants expressing the truncated hspassociated ctag presented the two dbbinding epitopes but not the kbbinding tag epitope to ctll regurgitation of MMP by transfectants was not detectable the described data indicate that a pool of postgolgi db molecules is available for h in tapdeficient transfectants for loading with MMP released during endolysosomal processing of hspassociated endogenous antigen | MEDAL |
previous studies have suggested that the plasminogen activator paplasmin system has important roles in the pathogenesis of epithelial defects and stromal ulceration the current studies were performed to localize pa species and identify them as tissuetype pa tpa or urokinaselike pa upa as the two have distinct RII properties potentially related to the mechanisms of defect formation and ulceration to determine the locations and types of pa species antibodies to tpa or to upa or the drug amiloride a drug that inhibits upa but not tpa were incorporated into fibrinfibronectin fn clots overlying frozen sections to block regional fibrinolysis normal rb eyes showed tpa activity in association with corneal epithelium corneal endothelium and ciliary bodyiris after epithelial scrape or alkali burn corneal tpa activity was detected initially in the defect zone colinear with fibrinfn and was symmetrical to resurfacing epithelium the observation that initial fibrinolysis occurs in the defect zone known to contain fibrinfn suggests that tpa from blood limbal vascular endothelium andor from corneal epithelium has become bound to and G1 on the fibrinfn pa activity was also associated with the leading edges of migrating epithelium postscrape and PB and was not inhibited by antibodies to either tpa or upa but was inhibited by amiloride T3 complete closure of the primary defect postscrape only tpa appeared to be associated with the epithelium in that all pa activity was inhibited by antibodies to tpa the observation that leading edge activity PB in rho with the formation of secondary defects continues to be inhibitable by amiloride but not by antibodies to tpa suggests that upa remains abnormally on the leading edge and that sustained upa activity in that location results in inappropriate degradation of subepithelial fibrinfn to result in a defect successful regulation of upa activity at the leading edge of corneal epithelium postburn would be expected to be useful therapeutically in the healing of epithelial defects and the prevention of stromal ulceration | MEDAL |
a singleblind randomized multicenter study was performed in patients with endoscopically documented reflux esophagitis patients were randomly given mg cimetidine qid or a suspension of g sucralfate qid for a period of weeks forty patients were evaluated after weeks symptomatic improvement was good and was comparable in both CG we saw sideeffects in only three patients two on sucralfate and one on cimetidine and these did not necessitate withdrawal from the T0 endoscopy showed improvement of esophagitis in and healing in of patients after sucralfate treatment with cimetidine improvement was seen in and healing in one patient on cimetidine developed a stricture during treatment we conclude that treatment with sucralfate improves PS and lessens severity of reflux esophagitis and that the results with sucralfate appear to be comparable to those obtained with cimetidine sucralfate is a valid alternative to hreceptor antagonist therapy | MEDAL |
the authors studied the ocular haemodynamics by means of the color doppler imaging cdi technique and the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate cgmp the intracellular mediator of no action in plasma and the aqueous humour in a NPG group and in a normal group they found significant alterations of both the E/A systolic and diastolic in the OA and lower cgmp C2 in npgs than in the controls these data suggest that a disorder of no regulation processes might be involved in blood supply to the optic nerve and in aqueous humour outflow | MEDAL |
several phytoceuticals and extracts of medicinal plants are reported to mitigate deleterious effects of ionizing radiation the potential of HE of clerodendron infortunatum cie for providing protection to mice exposed to gamma radiation was investigated oral administration of cie bestowed a survival advantage to mice exposed to lethal doses of gamma radiation radiationinduced depletion of the total blood count and bone marrow cellularity were prevented by treatment with cie damage to the cellular dna as was evident from the comet assay and the MN index was also found to be decreased upon cie administration radiationinduced damages to intestinal crypt cells was also reduced by cie studies on mRNA in intestinal cells revealed that there was a marked increase in the baxbcl ratio in mice exposed to wholebody gy gamma radiation and that administration of cie resulted in significant lowering of this ratio suggestive of reduction of radiationinduced apoptosis also in the intestinal tissue of irradiated animals following cie treatment C2 of expression of the dna repair gene atm were found to be elevated and there was reduction in the expression of the inflammatory cox gene thus our results suggest a beneficial use of clerodendron infortunatum for mitigating radiation toxicity | MEDAL |
chloride liquid ion exchanger microelectrodes have been used to measure intracellular chloride activity aicl in isolated pieces of frog sinus venosus atrium and IVT aicl was found to be and mm in sinus venosus atrium and IVT respectively in atrium and IVT aicl is independent of whether the tissue is beating or nonbeating in nonbeating ventricle aicl changes rapidly and reversibly when aocl is reduced by replacing chloride with glucuronate ecl calculated from the measured aicl has been compared with ecl calculated from the constant field equation assuming either constant chloride conductance or constant chloride permeability it is suggested that chloride is actively transported into the cells in all three kinds of frog HR tissue | MEDAL |
recent evidence suggests that tlr signalling in dendritic cells dcs transiently enhances antigen endocytosis and autophagy augments the assembly of key antigen transport and processing systems qualitatively modulates protein translation and induces a temporary cessation of dc motility these rapid changes require activation of the map kinases pikinase and downstream signalling pathways and are observed in both myeloid dc and with variations on the theme in plasmacytoid dc | MEDAL |
the ability of terahertz pulsed imaging tpi to be employed as an analytical tool for monitoring a film coating unit T0 and to assess the success of a subsequent process scaleup was explored in this study as part of a process scaleup OD a total of sustainedrelease tablets were sampled at increments of the amount of polymer applied from a labscale and a pilotscale coating run these tablets were subjected to tpi analysis followed by dissolution testing information on tablet film coating layer thickness and variations in coating density were extracted using tpi it was found that both terahertz parameters were more sensitive and informative to product SQ when compared with measuring the amount of CP applied for monitoring the film coating unit T0 coating layer thickness showed a strong influence on the dissolution behaviour for both the labscale and the pilotscale batches an r of root mean square error rmse h mdt range h and an r of rmse h mdt range h were derived from the labscale and pilotscale respy liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector lcpda anthraquinonic aglycone and heterosidic dyes compounds are characterized by PR time and uv spectrum alizarin dihydroxyanthraquinone purpurin trihydroxyanthraquinone lucidin dihydroxyhydroxymethylanthraquinone rubiadin dihydroxymethylanthraquinone xanthopurpurin dihydroxyanthraquinone pseudopurpurin trihydroxycarboxyanthraquinone lucidin primeveroside ruberythric acid alizarin primeveroside galiosin pseudopurpurin primeveroside and rubiadin primeveroside the optimal exp conditions are min degrees c and meohho vv | MEDAL |
oxytocin ot and vasopressin vp are peptide hormones that are derived from genes predominantly expressed in distinct MCNs in the PVH pvn and supraoptic son nuclei of the hypothalamus recent evidence suggests that some MC neurons coexpress both MMP our qualitative rtpcr experiments on single cells show that the majority of MCNs coexpress both peptide messenger rnas mrnas in varying amounts using a competitive rtpcr method combined with a standard calibration curve we quantitatively determined ot and vp mrna in single MCNs from the normal female rat son with a PCD sensitivity of less than mrna moleculescell we defined the phenotypes of the single magnocellular neurons according to their ratios of these two peptide mrnas using this approach we identified three major phenotypes oxytocin neurons where the average ot to vp mrna ratio is about vasopressin neurons where the average vp to ot mrna ratio is about and one oxytocinvasopressin coexisting neuron where the otvp mrna ratio is thus there is some ot and vp mrna coexpression in virtually all of the magnocellular SN in supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus however clear phenotypes are identifiable by considering quantitative as opposed to qualitative differences | MEDAL |
concern is growing regarding the prospects of achieving the global elimination of LF lf by apart from operational difficulties evidence is emerging which points to unique challenges that could confound achieving lf beta as extinction targets draw near diethylcarbamazine decmedicated salt may overcome these complex challenges posed by the endgame phase of parasite beta we calibrated lf transmission models using bayesian datamodel assimilation techniques to baseline and followup infection data from communities that underwent dec salt medication the fitted models were used to assess the utility of dec salt treatment for achieving lf elimination in comparison with other current and proposed drug regimens during the endgame phase decmedicated salt consistently reduced microfilaria mf prevalence from mf to sitespecific elimination thresholds more quickly than the other investigated treatments the application of dec salt generally required less than one year to achieve sitespecific lf elimination while annual and biannual mda options required significantly longer durations to achieve the same task the use of decmedicated salt also lowered betweensite variance in extinction timelines especially when combined with vector control these results indicate that the implementation of decmedicated salt where feasible can overcome endgame challenges facing lf beta programs | MEDAL |
allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation allohsct is an effective and curative treatment of different malignant and nonmalignant diseases early TRM T3 allohsct has decreased with reducedintensity conditioning regimens and ERP antiinfectious treatments but late transplantrelated mortality is still a problem physicians are now paying more attention to late complications that may worsen the SQ of life of many Tx chronic graft versus host disease cgvhd is one of the L1 causes of late transplantrelated mortality T3 allohsct this review discusses recent advances that have been made in clinical DUE and treatment of late transplantrelated complications including cgvhd the different sites of involvement are organs especially the skin and eye and the gastrointestinal endocrinologic metabolic renal cardiologic pulmonary connective tissue and neurological systems in addition this review includes infections and secondary malignancies in posttransplant settings that worsen quality of life in longterm followups | MEDAL |
data from national health and nutrition examination survey show that of us adults are overweight bmi are obese bmi and are extremely obese bmi or for the first time the number of obese american adults is greater than those who are merely overweight negative attitudes and fat phobia toward the overweight exist not only in the general population but also among health professionals including dietitians and dietetics students the purpose of this T0 was to determine if fat phobia might be reduced among future professionals by putting students on a calorierestricted diet for a short period forty dietetics and health promotion students enrolled in a university obesity course completed the fat phobia scale test before and T3 following a calorie restricted diet for week calories and calories for women and men respectively students also reflected their thoughts about following such a diet via brief journal entries results showed the change in fat phobias after following a calorierestricted diet was significant many journal entries reflected a newfound respect for individuals struggling to lose weight and NC in prior negative attitudes students reported that this experience would impact their future dealings with overweightobese clients it may be useful to incorporate this type of activity into the training of nutrition and other health professional students to increase sensitivity and reduce existing biases and negative attitudes toward overweightobese clients | MEDAL |
patients underwent surgery by an anterior RPA for nerve root or spinal cord compression at one or more C2 the cause was a soft disc herniation an osteophyte or the two combined underwent simple discectomy with good or very good results also had interbody F0 by the method of smith and robinson with good and very good results in in most cases the latter group had major CS and myelopathy the bad results were due to severe neurologic lesions myelopathy duration of PS and associated illness the anterior approach with use of the TSM provides good vision and involves few complications neither recurrence nor secondary posture disorders were observed | MEDAL |
assigning labels from a hierarchical vocabulary is a well known special case of multilabel classification often modeled to maximize micro fscore however building accurate binary classifiers for poorly performing labels in the hierarchy can improve both micro and macro fscores in this paper we propose and evaluate classification strategies involving descendant node instances to build better binary classifiers for nonleaf labels with the usecase of assigning medical subject headings mesh to biomedical articles librarians at the national library of medicine tag each biomedical article to be indexed by their pubmed information system with terms from the mesh terminology a biomedical conceptual hierarchy with over terms human indexers look at each articles full text to assign a set of most suitable mesh terms for indexing it several recent automated attempts focused on using the article title and abstract text to identify mesh terms for the corresponding article despite these attempts it is observed that assigning mesh terms corresponding to certain nonleaf NO of the mesh hierarchy is particularly challenging nonleaf nodes are very important as they constitute one third of the total number of mesh terms here we demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting training examples of descendant terms of nonleaf nodes in improving the performance of conventional classifiers for the corresponding nonleaf mesh terms specifically we focus on reducing the false positives fps caused due to descendant instances in traditional classifiers our methods are able to achieve a relative improvement of in macrof score while also increasing the microf score by for a set of nonleaf terms in the mesh hierarchy these results strongly indicate the critical role of incorporating hierarchical information in mesh term prediction to our knowledge our effort is the first to demonstrate the role of hierarchical information in improving binary classifiers for nonleaf mesh terms | MEDAL |
our ability to refocus AEP attention is vital for even the most routine daytoday activities shifts in AEP attention can be initiated voluntarily or triggered involuntarily by unexpected novel sound events here we employed psychophysiological interaction ppi analyses of auditory PET mri data to compare functional connectivity patterns of distinct frontoparietal SC regions during cued voluntary vs noveltydriven involuntary auditory attention shifting overall our frontoparietal seed regions exhibited significant ppi increases with AEP SC ac areas during both cued and noveltydriven orienting however significant positive ppi patterns associated with voluntary auditory attention cuenovel task regressor but mostly absent in analyses emphasizing involuntary orienting novelcue task regressor were observed with seeds within the FC eye fields fef superior parietal lobule spl and right supramarginal gyri smg in contrast significant positive ppis associated selectively with involuntary orienting were observed between acs and seeds within the bilateral anterior interior frontal gyri ifg left posterior ifg smg and posterior cingulate cortices pcc we also found indices of lateralization of different attention networks ppi increases selective to voluntary attention occurred primarily within righthemispheric regions whereas those related to involuntary orienting were more frequent with lefthemisphere seeds in conclusion despite certain similarities in ppi patterns across conditions the more dorsal aspects of RA frontoparietal cortex demonstrated wider connectivity during cuedvoluntary attention shifting whereas certain left ventral frontoparietal seeds were more widely connected during noveltytriggeredinvoluntary orienting our findings provide partial support for distinct attention networks for voluntary and involuntary auditory attention | MEDAL |
although spectral RS techniques have been used to study many ecological variables and biotic and abiotic stresses to agricultural crops over decades the potential use of these techniques for greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera aphididae infestations and damage to wheat triticum aestivum l under field conditions is unknown hence this research was conducted to investigate the applicability and feasibility of using a portable narrowbanded hyperspectral remote sensing SF-36 to identify and discern differences in spectral reflection patterns spectral signatures of winter wheat canopies with and without greenbug damage and the relationship between miscellaneous spectral vegetation indices and greenbug density in wheat canopies growing in two fields and under greenhouse conditions both greenbug and reflectance data were collected from and m plots in one of the fields greenhouse and the other field respectively regardless of the growth conditions greenbugdamaged wheat canopies had higher reflectance in the visible range and less in the near infrared regions of the spectrum when compared with undamaged canopies in addition to percentage of reflectance comparison a C1 number of spectral vegetation indices drawn from the literature were calculated and correlated with greenbug density linear regression analyses revealed high relationships r ranged from to between greenbug density and spectral vegetation indices these results indicate that hyperspectral remotely sensed data with an appropriate pixel size have the potential to portray greenbug density and discriminate its damage to wheat with repeated accuracy and precision | MEDAL |
the effect of acute one of the RA lower lobes rll on the relative perfusion of different lung regions was studied using xenon in anesthetized artificially ventilated supine dogs when the rll were obstructed at FRC frc and the rest of the lung was inflated to a transpulmonary pressure of or cm ho cm ho nm relative perfusion increased within s to the obstructed lobes by and respectively the increase was less marked but still present and respectively when obstruction was maintained for min at a time when arterial hypoxemia had occurred hence there was increased perfusion to an obstructed hypoxic region the perfusion distribution correlated with the difference in AM pressure between the obstructed lobes and the unobstructed lobes such that relative perfusion was always increased to the low AM pressure region | MEDAL |
possible contractile or EC50 effects of an endogenous inotropic factor eif isolated and purified from porcine heart left ventricle were examined in rat isolated aortic ring preparations eif induced a dosedependent relaxation of the rat isolated aortic ring preparation precontracted with microm phenylephrine pe microliters in ml bath of eif caused EC50 of aortic rings by as much as in another set of experiments in the presence of microliters eif the pe CR contractile curve shifted to the right the maximal contractile force was reduced by as much as and the ec of pe increased from to microm the relaxation effect of eif was demonstrated to be endotheliumdependent additional experiments demonstrated that eifinduced EC50 in an isolated aortic ring could be inhibited by microm ngnitrolarginine methyl ester a L-NAME suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide in eifinduced EC50 of the muscle atropine microm or indomethacin microm had no significant effect on eifinduced EC50 these data suggest that eif a novel endogenous inotrope from porcine myocardium also acts as an endotheliumdependent vasodilator substance mediating EC50 in the rat isolated aorta mainly by release of nitric oxide the possibility of eif acting through muscarinic receptor and the involvement of prostacyclin were excluded | MEDAL |
flunarizine fln has been suggested as an addon treatment in DR epilepsy patients in view of the discordant experiences and of the paucity of controlled trials in children we studied its effectiveness in patients aged to years males and females affected by DR epilepsy had symptomatic generalized epilepsy the LGS in other forms in had cryptogenic generalized epilepsy the lennoxgastaut syndrome in myoclonic absences epilepsy in had symptomatic partial epilepsy TLE of them were withdrawn only because of SE an initial fourmonth baseline pretrial period was followed by two fourmonth periods of administration of fln or a PL under double blind conditions in a randomized CS preexisting antiepileptic aeds medication was maintained at a constant dose throughout the T0 fln was po as drops in a single evening dose of mg patients less than years or mg patients greater than years during the pretrial phase after phase and phase a waking eeg was recorded and blood samples were taken for hematology hepaticfunction tests and aed SS C2 the evaluation of the activity of fln was based on the total number of seizures a reduction in seizure frequency was found in out of the patients completing the trial no changes occurred in the remainders this result did not appear to be due to changes in the plasma C2 of the aeds no significant differences were seen in the eeg paroxysmal activity in the three phases of the T0 side effects were rare the serum fln C2 ranged between and ngml it seems that the antiepileptic properties of fln need further validation particularly in childhood | MEDAL |
the in vitro transfer of radiolabelled unesterified cholesterol from human low and very low to highdensity lipoproteins in the presence of either lipoprotein deficient SS or bovine SS albumin has been studied the rate of transfer was faster from ldl t min than from vldl min the presence of protein had no effect on the transfer however albumin or lipoprotein deficient SS reduced t by which indicates no specific effect of a plasma protein on the rate of transfer of free cholesterol | MEDAL |
the survey was performed during the month of march and concerned icus located in teaching hospitals to be included each icu had to mv for more than hours were included in the T0 and had a day followup in the icu or until hospital discharge collected parameters were indications of mv modalities of mv and of weaning complication and outcome at hospital discharge assistcontrol ventilation was the most used ventilation modality weaning of mv was performed in of the study patients and was based on a onceaday attempt of SB through a tpiece and a combination of intermittent mandatory ventilation with PS imvps or PS CT mean length of hospital stay was days of which days were spent in the icu fifty nine patients were alive at discharge form the icu of whom ultimately died during their hospital stay mv practice as well as icu facilities are not homogenous in tunisia recommendations and guidelines should be built in order to standardize mv practice in tunisia | MEDAL |
the carpal region was examined ultrasonographically in healthy cattle cows bull calves and five bovine cadavers in order to determine the normal appearance of the carpal soft tissues using mhz linear transducers the course of the echogenic flexor and extensor tendons over the carpus and the joint spaces interposed between the articular bone surfaces were successfully imaged in all carpi the palmar vessels were easily visualized in live animals the lumina of carpal tendon sheaths and the boundaries of the carpal joint pouches could not be defined small anechoic fluid filled Az were visualized only at the level of the joint spaces T3 experimental filling the distended synovial cavities were imaged as well demarcated anechoic areas the crosssectional diameters of the extensor tendons width of the palmar joint pouches and intraluminal diameters of the palmar vessels were measured the results presented serve as reference data for ultrasonographic investigation of disorders of the bovine carpus | MEDAL |
a series novel of nhydroxyethylamide derivatives was synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activities by the maximal electroshock mes test and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod test tox the maximal electroshock test showed that nhydroxyethyldecanamide g nhydroxyethylpalmitamide l and nhydroxyethylstearamide n were found to show a better anticonvulsant activity and also had lower toxicity than the marked antiepileptic drug valproate in the antimes potency test these compounds exhibited median effective doses ed of mgkg respectively and median toxicity doses td of mgkg respectively resulting in a protective index pi of respectively this is a much better protective index than that of the marked antiepileptic drug valproate pi to further investigate the effects of the anticonvulsant activity in several different models compounds g l and n were tested having evoked convulsions with chemical substances including pentylenetetrazloe isoniazide mercaptopropionic acid bicuculline TSC and strychnine | MEDAL |
to determine whether the extent of overlap of the genetic architecture among the sporadic lateonset alzheimers disease sload familial lateonset ad fload sporadic earlyonset ad seoad and autosomal dominant EOAD eadad | MEDAL |
a role for the occipital or retrosplenial SC in nociceptive processing has not been demonstrated yet but connections from these cortices to BB structures involved in descending paininhibitory mechanisms were already demonstrated this study demonstrated that the electrical stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial SC produces antinociception in the rat tailflick and formalin tests BL lesions of the DL funiculus abolished the effect of cortical stimulation in the tailflick test injection of glu into the same targets was also antinociceptive in the tailflick test no rats stimulated in the occipital or retrosplenial SC showed any change in motor performance on the rotarod test or had epileptiform changes in the eeg recording during or up to hours T3 stimulation the antinociception induced by occipital cortex stimulation persisted after neural block of the retrosplenial cortex the effect of retrosplenial cortex stimulation also persisted T3 neural block of the OC we conclude that stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in rats leads to antinociception activating distinct descending paininhibitory mechanisms and this is unlikely to result from a reduced motor performance or a postictal phenomenon | MEDAL |
the effects of prenatal SE to mg mg or mg malathion g body weight po from d of gestation to microgram estradiolbetadg body weight or mg progesteroned g body weight sc from d of gestation or to their various combinations on BB AChE and ascorbic acid metabolism were investigated in rat dams and pups BB AChE was taken as an index of toxicity significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from malathion SE was further exaggerated by estradiolbeta but was reversed by progesterone significant increases of ascorbic acid levels and lgulonolactone oxidase was observed with malathion toxicity estradiolbeta decreased ascorbic acid C2 and stimulated dehydroascorbatase while progesterone had no significant effect on ascorbic acid levels or on enzyme MICs | MEDAL |
the potential advantages of laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy include lower morbidity faster return to work and less impact on RH this study aimed to investigate the current management of ectopic pregnancy in the united kingdom thirtyfive per cent of EPs are currently managed laparoscopically units that tended to operate laparoscopically were more likely to attempt to preserve the fallopian tube at surgery ninety per cent of units in the uk feel that they potentially could manage ectopic pregnancies laparoscopically but in practice only managed any of the last three ectopic pregnancies by this technique | MEDAL |
in a permeable neoplastic rat liver epithelial b cell system Ins tetrakisphosphateinspinduces sequestration of ca released by inositol trisphosphateinsp a nonmetabolized Ins trisphosphate insp isomerand ca added exogenously in the form of cacl studies were performed to identify the ca pool filled T3 insp treatment both insp and inositol trisphosphateinspdosedependently PR ca from permeable b cellsinsp having a threefold greater potencybut differ in that ca released by insp is readily sequestered while the ca released by insp is not maximal PR of ca by microm insp blocked the action of insp demonstrating that these two isomers influence the same intracellular ca pool through a shared membrane receptor addition of microm insp to discharge partially the ca pool reduced the amount of ca released by a maximal dose of insp microm insp combined with insp produced a ca release and sequestration response which replenished the inspsensitive pool as indicated by a REC of full ca PR by microm insp induction of ca sequestration by insp occurred dosedependently with a halfmaximal response elicited at a dose of microm further studies of the effect of insp apart from the influence of insp using a model in which the ca C2 are raised by an exogenous addition of cacl showed that insp released twice the amount of ca from the storage pool following inspinduced ca sequestration these results demonstrate that the ca uptake induced by insp preferentially replenishes the intracellular ca storage sites regulated by insp and insp | MEDAL |
we examined the hypothesis that anterior tibial intramuscular pressure increases with the speed of locomotion a solidstate pressure transducer was placed near the tip of an intramuscular fluidfilled catheter and each of ten normal subjects walked jogged and ran barefoot at and m s respectively on a TM to which they had been previously familiarized the pressure signals during ten gait cycles from each subject were sampled at hz and were averaged at each speed the peak pressures increased in magnitude as a CF of increasing locomotion speed while the mean pressure remained constant | MEDAL |
aristolochic acid i aai a major component derived from aristolochia species which have been known for a long time and remain in use today particularly in asia and central america it has been confirmed to induce a type of socalled aristolochic acid nephropathy aan and involved in the OD of balkan endemic nephropathy ben | MEDAL |
neutrophil extracellular traps nets comprise an ejected lattice of chromatin enmeshed with granular and nuclear proteins that are capable of capturing and killing microbial invaders although widely employed to combat infection the antimicrobial mechanism of nets remains enigmatic efforts to elucidate the bactericidal component of nets have focused on the role of netbound proteins including histones calprotectin and cathepsin g protease however exogenous and microbial derived deoxyribonuclease dnase remains the most potent inhibitor of net function dna possesses a rapid bactericidal activity due to its ability to sequester surface bound cations disrupt membrane integrity and lyse bacterial cells here we demonstrate that direct contact and the phosphodiester backbone are required for the cation chelating antimicrobial property of dna by treating nets with excess cations or phosphatase enzyme the antimicrobial activity of nets is neutralized but net structure including the localization and function of netbound proteins is maintained using IVM we visualized netlike structures in the skin of a mouse during infection with PA relative to other bacteria p aeruginosa is a weak inducer of netosis and is more resistant to nets during net exposure we demonstrate that p aeruginosa responds by inducing the expression of surface modifications to defend against dnainduced membrane destabilization and netmediated killing further we show induction of this bacterial response to nets is largely due to the bacterial PCD of dna therefore we conclude that the dna backbone contributes both to the antibacterial nature of nets and as a signal perceived by microbes to elicit hostresistance strategies | MEDAL |
the aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of using the properties of the TL emission tl of brazilian NK topaz for dosimetric applications topaz is an aluminium fluorsilicate with general composition of alsiofoh found with relative abundance in brazil and in other parts of the world topaz from santo antonio do jacinto minas gerais brazil was used in this work in the form of pellets of topaz mixed with teflon and composites made with topaz embedded in a glass matrix the tl sensitivity was tested between and gy the tl peak intensity increases with the dose before saturation which occurs around kgy the peak intensity showed a strong dependence with radiation SE the effect of visible light and the behaviour of the tl signals after successive irradiationreadingannealing cycles are presented and discussed | MEDAL |
this study was designed to determine if nitrous oxide can worsen myocardial ischemia by directly affecting coronary tone in the absence of changes in myocardial oxygen consumption three anesthetics were compared in each animal ISO CT ISO with nitrous oxide and isoflurane with nitrous oxide HR rate systolic aortic pressure and left atrial pressure were held constant during the three treatments in isofluraneanesthetized dogs the chest was opened and the left anterior descending lad coronary i.a. cannulated and perfused with an autoperfusion circuit systolic segment shortening was measured in the lad circumflex regions of the heart with a sonomicrometer regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres measurements were made during imposition of a stenosis on the perfusion circuit sufficient to decrease SS by the same stenosis was imposed three times in a randomized and balanced crossover design when HR rate blood pressure and left atrial pressure were held constant the substitution of nitrous oxide for isoflurane had no effect on MBF or function in the ischemic or normal region when nitrous oxide was added to ISO systolic shortening decreased by in the ICM and in the normally perfused region but MBF was unaffected the decrease in shortening was therefore not due to increased ischemia the effects of nitrous oxide on ICM myocardium can be explained by its wellknown hemodynamic and direct myocardial actions these results suggest that nitrous oxide does not have important direct effects on the coronary circulation | MEDAL |
in two experiments young subjects healthy elderly subjects spouses and highly intelligent elderly subjects elite elderly were compared with PSD patients in a variety of explicit and implicit SM tasks to investigate two issues whether priming in alzheimertype dementia is contingent upon the presence of preexisting representations and whether intelligence modulates performance in explicit SM tasks in healthy ageing dementia patients performed as well as spouses in a homophonespelling task moreover they established new contextual associations when SM was tested by wordstem completion the hypothesis that priming in dementia is contingent upon preexisting memory representations was not supported spouses elite elderly and young subjects did not differ in their ability to recognize correctly recently heard stimuli or to CR word stems however recall of lists of words and paired associates was better in both young and elite elderly subjects than in spouses it is concluded that intellectual capacity rather than chronological age in HS modulates performance in explicitmemory tasks | MEDAL |
benign familial neonatal convulsions bfnc a class of idiopathic generalized epilepsy is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of newborns bfnc has been linked to mutations in two putative k channel genes kcnq and kcnq CAA sequence comparison reveals that both genes share strong homology to kvlqt the potassium channel encoded by kcnq which is responsible for over of inherited long qt syndrome here we describe the cloning PET expression and characterization of k channels encoded by kcnq and kcnq cdnas individually expression of kcnq or kcnq in xenopus oocytes elicits Kv rapidly activating kselective currents similar to kcnq however unlike kcnq kcnq and kcnq currents are not augmented by coexpression with the kcnq beta subunit kcne mink isk northern blot analyses reveal that kcnq and kcnq exhibit similar expression patterns in different regions within the BB interestingly coexpression of kcnq and kcnq results in a substantial synergistic increase in current amplitude coexpression of kcne with the two channels strongly suppressed current amplitude and slowed kinetics of activation the pharmacological and biophysical properties of the k currents observed in the coinjected oocytes differ somewhat from those observed T3 injecting either kcnq or kcnq by itself the functional interaction between kcnq and kcnq provides a framework for understanding how mutations in either channel can cause a form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy | MEDAL |
the aim of the T0 was to compare the contractile response to ryanodine of human HR preparations taken from right and LVs of patients affected by idiopathic idcm and AA scm endstage dilated cardiomyopathies right and LV myocardial strips were obtained from hearts of patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation and suspended in an oxygenated bath t degrees c stimulation frequency hz T3 an equilibration period a cumulative doseresponse curve for +dP/dt peak tension was obtained with ryanodine microm basal +dP/dt was not significantly different between RA and LVs or between idcm and scm preparations ryanodine reduced peak myocardial tension but failed to completely suppress it evxt of arthroscopic intervention | MEDAL |
type a patients with coronary artery disease cad tend to ignore or underreport symptoms especially during challenging tasks such as the TM exercise test to determine whether type a cad patients might be more likely than type b patients to have SI during exercise and consequently a worse prognosis patients with stable cad who had significant coronary disease on angiography a positive bruce protocol TM test and a structured interview to assess type a behavior were studied median followup time was years type a patients were more likely to experience silent ischemia during exercise than were type b patients vs p patients with silent ischemia during exercise had a history of fewer anginal episodesweek and type a patients with silent ischemia were less likely to have had a PH of typical angina however using the cox model there were no significant differences in survival between type a patients and b patients with silent ischemia year survival vs p and no significant differences in survival between type a patients with silent ischemia and type a patients with symptomatic ischemia year survival vs p similar results were obtained for infarctionfree survival type a patients are more likely than type b patients to have SI during exercise but LTS is not affected | MEDAL |
maladaptive changes in the involvement of striatal and FC cortical regions in drug use are thought to underlie the progression to habitual drug use and loss of cognitive control over drug intake that occur with accumulating drug experience the present experiments focus on changes in neuronal activity in these regions associated with shortterm days and longterm days selfadministration of cocaine quantitative in situ hybridization for the immediate early gene mkp was combined with statistical parametric mapping to assess the distribution of neuronal activity we hypothesized that neuronal activity in striatum would increase in its dorsal part and that activity in FC SC would decrease with prolonged SA experience expression of mkp was profoundly increased after cocaine selfadministration and the magnitude of this effect was greater T3 ST compared to LT selfadministration increased neuronal activity was seen in both dorsal and ventral sectors of the striatum T3 days SE to cocaine however enhanced activity was restricted to dorsomedial and dorsocentral striatum T3 days cocaine selfadministration in virtually all medial prefrontal and most orbitofrontal Az increased expression of mkp was observed after days of cocaine taking whereas after days enhanced expression was restricted to caudal parts of medial prefrontal and caudomedial parts of orbitofrontal SC our data reveal functional changes in cellular activity in striatum and FC SC with increasing cocaine selfadministration experience these changes might reflect the neural processes that underlie the descent from recreational drug taking to compulsive cocaine use | MEDAL |
friend mu SP focusforming virus sffv encodes a glycoprotein designated gp which is responsible for the leukemogenic properties of the virus gp lacks a cytoplasmic domain and is defective in its transport to the cell surface we constructed a chimeric env which codes for a molecule with an external domain derived from the sffv envelope gene and membranespanning and cytoplasmic domains derived from the friend murine leukemia virus envelope gene like gp the chimeric protein was defective in its transport to the cell surface indicating that the absence of a cytoplasmic tail is not responsible for the defective intracellular transport of sffv gp however unlike wildtype sffv the chimeric sffv genome failed to induce EL in AD mice the results indicate that the altered membranespanning domain lack of a detectable CT in gp or both factors are prerequisites for the erythroleukemiainducing properties of sffv but are not responsible for the block in intracellular transport of the glycoprotein | MEDAL |
the purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether the sensory weighting of a plantar pressurebased tongueplaced tactile biofeedback for controlling posture could be subject to interindividual variability to achieve this goal young healthy adults were asked to stand as immobile as possible with their eyes closed in two conditions of nobiofeedback and biofeedback centre of foot pressure cop displacements were recorded using a force platform overall results showed reduced cop displacements in the biofeedback relative to the nobiofeedback condition evidencing the ability of the CNS system to efficiently integrate an artificial plantarbased tongueplaced tactile biofeedback for controlling posture during QS standing results further showed a significant positive correlation between the cop displacements measured in the nobiofeedback condition and the decrease in the cop displacements induced by the use of the biofeedback in other words the degree of postural stabilization appeared to depend on each subjects balance control capabilities the biofeedback yielding a greater stabilizing effect in subjects exhibiting the largest cop displacements when standing in the nobiofeedback condition on the whole by evidencing a significant interindividual variability in sensory weighting of an additional tactile information related to foot sole pressure CSD for controlling posture the present findings underscore the need and the necessity to address the issue of interindividual R2 in the field of neuroscience | MEDAL |
mitochondrial dna sequence polymorphisms and patterns of genetic diversity represent the genealogy and relative impacts of historical geographic and demographic events on populations in this T0 historical patterns of population dynamics and differentiation in hawksbill eretmochelys imbricata and green turtles chelonia mydas in the pacific were estimated from feeding populations in the yaeyama islands japan phylogenetic relationships of the haplotypes indicated that hawksbill and green turtles in the pacific probably underwent very similar patterns and processes of population dynamics over the last million years with population subdivision during the early pleistocene and population expansion after the last glacial maximum these significant contemporary historical events were suggested to have been caused by climatic and sealevel fluctuations on the other hand comparing our results to longterm population dynamics in the atlantic population subdivisions during the early pleistocene were specific to pacific hawksbill and green turtles therefore regional differences in historical population dynamics are suggested despite limited sampling locations these results are the first step in estimating the historical trends in pacific sea turtles by using phylogenetics and population genetics | MEDAL |
to evaluate whether multidetector ct with lowdose radiation lowdose ct of joints can be useful when evaluating fractures | MEDAL |
steroidogenic cells represent unique systems for the exploration of intracellular cholesterol trafficking we employed cytochemical and PSA methods to explore the expression regulation and CF of the niemannpick c protein npc in human granulosalutein cells npc was localized in a subset of lysosomeassociated membrane glycoprotein lamppositive vesicles by analyzing the sensitivity of npc nlinked oligosaccharide chains to glycosidases and neuraminidase evidence was obtained for movement of nascent npc from the endoplasmic reticulum through the medial and trans compartments of the GA prior to its appearance in cytoplasmic vesicles npc protein content and the morphology and cellular distribution of npccontaining vesicles were not affected by treatment of the granulosalutein cells with brcamp which stimulates cholesterol metabolism into progesterone in contrast steroidogenic acute regulatory star protein C2 were increased by brcamp incubation of granulosalutein cells with lowdensity lipoprotein ldl in the presence of the hydrophobic amine ua caused accumulation of free cholesterol in LG identified by filipin IF that contained lamp and npc these granules also stained for neutral lipid with nile red reflecting accumulation of ldlderived CEs ldlstimulated progesterone synthesis was CR blocked by ua leaving steroid output at C2 similar to those of cells incubated in the absence of ldl the hydrophobic amine also blocked the ldl augmentation of brcampstimulated progesterone synthesis reducing steroid production to levels seen in cells stimulated with brcamp in the absence of ldl steroidogenesis recovered after ua was removed from the SC medium ua treatment caused a fold or more increase in npc protein and mrna C2 suggesting that disruption of npcs CF activates a compensatory mechanism resulting in increased npc synthesis we conclude that the npc compartment plays an important role in the trafficking of ldlderived substrate in steroidogenic cells that npc expression is upregulated when npc action is blocked and that the npc compartment can be functionally separated from other intracellular pathways contributing substrate for steroidogenesis | MEDAL |
the effects of sraminocyclopentanedicarboxylic acid sracpd a nonselective agonist of the metabotropic glu receptors mglurs have been studied in rat cortical and striatal slices by measuring the depolarizationinduced SO of dhaspartate dhasp and of hglutamate hglu neosynthesized from hglutamine in cortical slices sracpd potentiated the depolarizationinduced kcl mm SO of both dhasp and hglu the potentiation obtained at microm sracpd was for dhasp and for hglu conversely in striatal slices sracpd reduced the depolarizationinduced transmitter SO the reduction obtained at microm of the agonist was for dhasp and for neosynthesized hglu bovine SS Al bsa microm which is able to bind locally produced fatty acids completely eliminated the potentiating effect sracpd had on dhasp SO from cortical slices low concentrations of AA acid microm or of oleic acid microm added to bsacontaining perfusion medium restored this potentiating effect bsa however had no effect on the inhibitory action of sracpd in striatal slices bromophenacyl bromide microm an inhibitor of phospholipase a and rg microm an inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase have been shown to inhibit HFA production these compounds prevented the potentiating effect of sracpd on dhaspoutput in cortical slices indomethacin microm an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases plus nordihydroguaiaretic acid microm an inhibitor of lipoxygenases increased dhasp output in cortical slices perfused with bsacontaining medium these experiments suggest that the mglurmediated potentiation of transmitter SO requires the availability of unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic or OA acids in cortical slices in contrast the mglurinduced inhibition of transmitter SO is not dependent upon HFA availability in striatal slices the requirement of both unsaturated fatty acids and sracpd in the facilitation of transmitter exocytosis may play an important role in the regulation of synaptic STDP | MEDAL |
physiological and anatomical characteristics of AL interneurons in female spodoptera littoralis boisd were investigated using intracellular recording and IF techniques responses of local interneurons and PNs to female sex pheromone components host plant odours and behaviourally AS oviposition deterrents were recorded we found local interneurons and PNs that responded specifically to only one or two of the tested odours but we also found less TPS cells and SN that responded to most of the tested odourants these findings show that there are not only TPS olfactory pathways in female moths up to the protocerebral level but also that integration can begin in the AL no rho was found between the degree of specificity of either local interneurons or projection neurons and their respective morphological characteristics specialized and unspecialized local interneurons arborized throughout the AL specialized and unspecialized PNs had uniglomerular arborizations in the AL and sent their axons to the calyces of the mushroom body and to the lateral horn of the protocerebrum one specific projection neuron had multiglomerular arborizations and projected only to the lateral horn of the protocerebrum projection SN arborizing in the glomeruli closest to the entrance of the antennal nerve always responded to pheromone components no other correlations were found between the arborization pattern of projection SN in the antennal lobe or in the protocerebrum and their response characteristics the sensitivity of local interneurons and PNs was in the same range as that of receptor SN in olfactory sensilla on the antennae suggesting a much losophageal pressure iep changes and a ventilatory equivalent veq was calculated by multiplying iep by respiratory rate mmhgmin a nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone mgkg iv significantly enhanced the Mw of the co response curve for veq mmhgminco compared with the control mmhgminco p n a similar enhancement of the hypercapnic response by naloxone was found in rats anaesthetised with urethane n the mu receptor agonist dermorphin mgkg iv significantly depressed the Mw of the co response curve for iep compared with the control in pentobarbital anaesthetised rats p n but had no significant effect on respiratory rate these results suggest a role of endogenous opioids in the modulation of QO2 during hypercapnia | MEDAL |
in the present T0 solidstate fermentation of black bean with various gras filamentous fungi including aspergillus awamori aspergillus oryzae aspergillus sojae rhizopus azygosporus and rhizopus sp no was preformed to prepared koji mycelial propagation of starter organisms and antioxidative activity including alphaalphadiphenylpicylhydoxyl dpph radicals fechelating ability and reducing activity were examined depending upon the starter organism various amounts of mycelial propagation mgk koji were found in the prepared black bean kojis the methanol extracts of all the black bean kojis except that prepared with rhizopus sp no exhibited higher C2 of dpph free radicalscavenging activity fechelating activity and reducing power than did the nonfermented black bean taking into account methanol extract content all the prepared kojis showed greater antioxidative activity than nonfermented black bean among the various koji extracts examined extract of a awamorikoji exhibited the highest antioxidative activity as did the a awamorikoji when comparing its AOA with that of other kojis and nonfermented black bean in GA the total extractable phenolic EDC and anthocyanins content in black beans increased T3 fermentation this might lead to the increased antioxidant activities of black bean kojis observed | MEDAL |
toys are an established part of the hospital experience for the child and family they are seen as a source of comfort and security and form part of the childfriendly environment however they can also act as a source of healthcare associated infection which can be harmful to children especially those who are in intensive care environments this smallscale study was conducted in a paediatric intensive care unit at a large teaching hospital and involved swabbing those toys that had been brought in by families and those that were provided by the hospital findings show that per cent of the toys harboured viable bacteria which could be damaging to the childs health recommendations for practice are identified to ensure that toys remain a component of the childs hospitalisation yet are safe in relation to the transmission of infections not just in picu but in all paediatric settings | MEDAL |
recent research has shown that presentations of an unconditioned aversive stimulus such as electric shock can induce alterations of immune function in rats furthermore it has been demonstrated that an innocuous CS- paired with an unconditioned aversive CS- can acquire immunomodulatory properties research has suggested that endogenous opioid activity is responsible for the alterations of immune CF by unconditioned aversive stimulation the present T0 evaluated the effect of administration of opiate IL-1ra naltrexone and nmethylnaltrexone on the immunomodulatory effect of a CS stimulus cs that had been paired with electric footshock NAL dosedependently att the csinduced suppression of the in vitro proliferative response of splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin a lipopolysaccharide and a combination of ionomycin and PMA acetate naltrexone also attenuated the csinduced reduction in naturalkiller cell activity in contrast the quaternary form of naltrexone nmethylnaltrexone did not significantly attenuate the csinduced immunomodulatory effects collectively these findings indicate that endogenous opioid activity is involved in csinduced alterations of immune function moreover the lack of effectiveness of nmethylnaltrexone in attenuating the csinduced immunomodulatory effect suggests that the opioid receptors involved in the effect are located in the CE nervous system | MEDAL |
the neuropeptides substance p vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the recently discovered peptide secretoneurin are neurotransmitters of the intrinsic NS of the gut and effect gut motility the aim of this T0 was to investigate whether these neuropeptides are involved in the pathophysiology of C1 bowel ileus five patients underwent Tc resections for obstructive CA of the colon fullthickness specimens of the resected colon were taken cm PT and cm distal to the site of tumor obstruction substance p VIP and secretoneurinlike immunoreactivities were measured in the specimens by radioimmunoassay in addition immunocytochemistry was performed tissue C2 of substance p VIP and secretoneurin were lower in the prestenotic than in the poststenotic bowel segment in accordance immunocytochemistry revealed a denser staining of GCs and fibers for all three neuropeptides in the poststenotic bowel the decreased tissue C2 of substance p vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and SN in the prestenotic bowel segment may contribute to the final decompensation of obstructive ileus | MEDAL |
As concentrations μmol l at the el tatio geyser field in northern chile are an order of magnitude greater than at other natural geothermal CS making el tatio an ideal location to investigate unique microbial diversity and metabolisms associated with the arsenic cycle in low sulfide °c and circumneutral ph waters s rrna gene and arsenite oxidase gene aioa diversities were evaluated from biofilms and microbial mats from two geyserdischarge stream transects chloroflexi was the most prevalent bacterial phylum at flow distances where arsenite was converted to arsenate corresponding to roughly °c among aioalike gene sequences retrieved most had homology to whole genomes of chloroflexus aurantiacus but others were homologous to alphaproteobacterial and undifferentiated beta and gammaproteobacterial groups no deinococci thermus aquificales or chlorobi aioalike genes were retrieved the functional importance of CAA sites was evaluated from evolutionary trace analyses of all retrieved aioa genes fifteen conserved residue CS identified across all phylogenetic groups highlight a conserved PET core while six divergent CS demonstrate potential differences in electron transfer modes this research expands the known distribution and diversity of arsenite oxidation in natural geothermal settings and provides information about the evolutionary history of microbearsenic interactions | MEDAL |
the neurological changes elicited by bacterial infection are called sickness SMB minocycline min is neuroprotective with a remarkable BB tissue penetration min was orally administered at a dose mgkg for days whereas escherichia coli was given as a single intraperitoneal injection ml of h growth on the third day after h of bacterial infection behavioral tests namely open field and forced swimming were carried out then animals were decapitated rats infected with e coli displayed reduced struggling time in forced swimming test as well as exploration and locomotion in open field test with reduction in neurotransmitters norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin versus elevation in the inflammatory TN factoralpha interferongamma and oxidative AS thiobarbituric acid reactive substance reduced glutathione biomarkers inflammatory infiltrates of nuclear cells were observed in brains of infected rats min administration prevented the deleterious effects of e coli infection thus protects against sickness behavior possibly via defending from neuroinflammation | MEDAL |
catastrophizing is often the primary target of the cognitivebehavioral treatment of chronic pain recent literature on acceptance and commitment therapy act suggests an important role in the pain experience for the concepts mindfulness and acceptance the aim of this T0 is to examine the influence of mindfulness and GA psychological acceptance on painrelated catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain | MEDAL |
studies conducted with f and f progeny of crosses between strains of inbred mice that differ greatly in their capacity to make an antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide dextran b and lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli have shown that multiple genes influence the magnitude of the antibody response to these antigens other studies with hybrids derived from crosses between C3 cban and riiisj mice have indicated that the genetic defects characteristic of these strains of mice are dissimilar and unlinked and that autosomal as well as xlinked genes control serum immunoglobulin m in unimmunized mice | MEDAL |
a multineurotransmitter neuronal system that synthesizes and secretes both acetylated and deacetylated forms of alphamelantropin and betaendorphin is present in rat and human BB the nacetylated from of alphamelanotropin had more potent behavioral effects than the deacetylated alphamelanotropin in the case of betaendorphin however the deacetylated form has been shown to be more potent than the acetylated form enzymatic nacetylation appears to be an important regulatory process for modulating the behavioral activity of peptides secreted from the opiomelanotropinergic multineurotransmitter neuron | MEDAL |
spirohydantoin mustard i is a rationally designed antitumor agent with substantial in vivo activity against intracranially implanted PT in mice however hydrolysis of i was much faster than that of mechlorethamine hydrochloride or MEL two parenterally administered mustards the hydrolysis products of i were identified by gcms of their silylated derivatives the decomposition of i at degrees in dimethylacetamide at ph as monitored by glc was pseudo firstorder the halflife of i ranged from min at ph to min at ph nonionic surfactants enhanced the stability of i but this effect was diminished at lower ph presumably due to decreased solubility of i in the micelle as more drug was protonated several dilute parenterally suitable solvents exhibited no marked effect on the hydrolysis of i the drug was most SD in a fat w/o/w system where the time for decomposition of i was min plots of the concentration of i versus time were linear indicating the disappearance was zero order in the fat w/o/w system | MEDAL |
peptide nucleic acids pnas are very attractive antisense and antigene agents but these molecules are not passively taken into cells here using a PET cell CA and fluorescentbased methods we investigated cell uptake and AS activity of a tridecamer pna that targets the hiv polypurine tract CS delivered using the argininerich rw peptide rrwwrrwrr at micromolar concentrations without use of any transfection agents almost inhibition of the target mRNA was obtained with the conjugate in the presence of the endosomolytic agent chloroquine we show that chloroquine not only induced escape from endosomes but also enhanced the cellular uptake of the conjugate mechanistic studies revealed that rwpna conjugates were internalized via pinocytosis replacement of arginines with lysines reduced the uptake of the conjugate by sixfold resulting in the abolition of intracellular target inhibition our results show that the arginines play a crucial role in the conjugate uptake and AS activity to determine whether specificity of the interactions of arginines with cell surface proteoglycans result in the internalization we used flow cytometry to examine uptake of arginine and lysinerich conjugates in wildtype chok and proteoglycandeficient a cells the uptake of both conjugates was decreased by four fold in cho cells therefore proteoglycans promote internalization of cationic peptides irrespective of the chemical nature of their positive charges our results show that argininerich cellpenetrating MMP especially rw are a promising tool for pna internalization | MEDAL |
the cardiopulmonary bypass cpb is an important risk factor for the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction pocd the pathological mechanism of the neuroâmodulation receptor degradation protein ring finger protein nrdp in cpbâinduced cognitive dysfunction remains unclear in the present study aged spragueâdawley male rats and cpb treatment were selected to duplicate the pocd MM a hypoxiareoxygeneration hr model was established to evaluate the effect of nrdp in vitro apoptosis in the hippocampus regions were measured using a terminal deoxynucleotidylâtransferaseâmediated dutp nick end labelling assay the viability and apoptosis level of the cells were measured via an mtt CA and flow cytometry respectively and the expression levels of nrdp erbâb receptor tyrosine kinase erbb phosphorylatedâprotein kinase b pâakt and cleaved câ caspaseâ were detected using western blot analysis then nrdp was upregulated and downregulated in vitro and in vivo through lentivirus infection to further investigate the effect of nrdp in the rats following cpb the results revealed that nrdp is associated with hippocampus neuronal apoptosis and pocd following cpb in rats the overexpression of nrdp altered the cognitive function of the rats which was inhibited by cpb and additionally inhibited the viability and increased the apoptosis of primary hippocampus neuron cells under hr treatment furthermore knockdown of nrdp promoted the viability of primary hippocampus neuron cells and decreased the apoptosis of cells under hr treatment further T0 indicated that nrdp regulates the protein expression of erbb pâakt cytochrome c bclassociated x apoptosis regulator bcl apoptosis regulator and câcaspaseâ the results of the present study suggested that cpb may induce apoptosis in the hippocampus of aged rats nrdp serves an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by cpb in vivo and in vitro through regulating erbb and pâakt protein levels | MEDAL |
micrornas mirnas a class of short noncoding rnas that regulate the expression of mrna targets are important regulators of cellular senescence and aging we questioned which mirnas are involved in agerelated degeneration of the OC oc the auditory sensory epithelium that transduces mechanical stimuli to electrical activity in the inner ear degeneration of the oc is generally accepted as the main cause of agerelated hearing loss arhl a progressive loss of hearing in individuals as they grow older to determine which mirnas are involved in the onset and progression of arhl mirna gene expression in the oc of two mouse strains B6 and cbaj was compared at three different ages using genechip mirna microarray and was validated by realtime pcr we showed that and mirnas exhibited differential expression in the c and cba mice respectively and that downregulated mirnas substantially outnumbered upregulated mirnas during aging mirnas that had approximately fold upregulation included members of mir family and mir family which are known regulators of proapoptotic pathways in contrast mirnas that were downregulated by about fold were members of the mir family and mir family which are known to be important for proliferation and differentiation respectively the shift of mirna expression favoring apoptosis occurred earlier than detectable hearing threshold elevation and hair cell loss our T0 suggests that changes in mirna expression precede morphological and PET changes and that upregulation of proapoptotic mirnas and downregulation of mirnas promoting proliferation and differentiation are both involved in agerelated degeneration of the oc | MEDAL |
we examined the effects of eszopiclone esz a gabaa receptor agonist in current clinical use as a hypnotic medication on the activity of subcortical wake and sleepactive neuronal populations in the rat BB sleepwake states were quantified T3 ip injections of esz and mgkg or VH po early in the dark phase when rats are spontaneously awake rats were euthanized h PI and brain tissue was processed for cfos protein immunoreactivity ir and for neurotransmitter markers esz at and mgkg increased time spent in nonrapideyemovement nonrem sleep but had no significant effect on fosir in gabaergic neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus that normally express cfos during sleep among wakeactive cell types examined fosir in hypocretin hcrt neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus lh was reduced following and mgkg esz at mgkg esz suppressed fosir in ACh and noncholinergic SN in the basal forebrain and in serotonergic and nonserotonegic SN in the dorsal raphe having determined that hcrt SN were responsive to the low dose of SVR esz we unilaterally perfused esz directly into the lh of awake rats using reverse microdialysis perfusion of esz at μm into the lh for h suppressed wakingrelated fosir in hcrt SN but not in nonhcrt neurons ipsilateral to the dialysis probe bilateral lh perfusion of esz at μm for h early in the dark phase significantly increased sleep these findings demonstrate that sleep induction by esz does not require activation of gabaergic sleepregulatory neurons in the POA hypothalamus and identify suppression of hcrt neurons in the lh and suppression of BF and dorsal raphe SN as potential mechanisms underlying the sleeppromoting effects of esz | MEDAL |
to compare heroin and other opiate use of heroin overdose fatalities current street heroin users and drugfree therapeutic community clients | MEDAL |
this paper describes preliminary radiotherapy results in patients with stage i and ii HD disease who were evaluated by LAP including splenectomy and liver and bone marrow biopsies as a result of selection by laparotomy the estimated fiveyear survival rate for these patients was no statistically significant differences were detected in the diseasefree survival for patients with mixed cellularity NS and LP disease since only one patient with LD was in this series no statement can be made regarding this rare histopathology patterns of new disease differed for stage i and ii patients the L1 difference was that patients with nodular sclerosing stage ii presentations involving the mediastinum were at considerable risk of developing subsequent disease in the pulmonary parenchyma or the pleura this finding together with the demonstration that a histologic diagnosis of mixed cellularity did not carry an VPI prognosis indicates the need for reassessment of the appropriateness of applying treatment programs based on results of lymphangiographically staged patients to stage i and ii patients evaluated by LAP | MEDAL |
bacterial growth and its interaction with Jv was investigated in a 2DE flow field in a saturated porous medium a flow cell x x cm was filled with glass beads and operated under a continuous flow of a mineral medium containing nitrate as electron acceptor a gl solution was injected through an injection port simulating a point source contamination visible CS transmission was used to observe the CSD of the growing biomass and Jv during the experiment at the end of the experiment on day porous medium samples were destructively collected and analyzed for abundance of total and AS bacterial cells bacterial cell volume and concentration of PSs and proteins microbial growth was observed in two stripes along the length of the flow cell starting at the glucose i.t. port where highest biomass concentrations were obtained the spatial CSD of biomass indicated that microbial activity was limited by transverse mixing between glucose and nitrate media as only in the mixing zone between the media high biological activities were achieved the ability of the biomass to change the flow DP in the flow cell was observed indicating that the biomass was locally reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium this bioclogging effect became evident when the injection of the glucose solution was turned off and water flow still bypassed the area around the gl i.t. port preserving the flow pattern as it was during the injection of the gl solution as flow bypass was possible in this system the average hydraulic properties of the flow cell were not affected by the produced biomass even in the vicinity of the i.t. port the total volume of the bacterial cells remained below of the pore space and was unlikely to be responsible for the bioclogging however the bacteria produced large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances eps which likely caused the observed bioclogging effects | MEDAL |
we studied the effects of prostaglandin e pge on hyaluronan synthesis in rabbit pericardial mesothelial cells and the following results were obtained pge ngml stimulated hyaluronan synthesis and the level of hyaluronan synthase activity in a dose and timedependent manner but FP did not cyclic amp camp levels in the cells peaked about a fold increase at min after adding pge ngml increased hyaluronan synthesis induced by pge was significantly inhibited after pretreatment with either an adenylate cyclase inhibitor dideoxyadenosine or a campdependent protein kinase inhibitor pki but there was no inhibition with the protein kinase c inhibitor h when the intracellular camp level was raised by manipulating the levels of dibutyryl cAMP or forskolin hyaluronan synthesis and the level of HAS activity were also stimulated these results suggest that pge produced by cells stimulates hyaluronan synthesis in rabbit pericardial cells and that the stimulation mechanism involves the campmediated protein kinase signal transduction process | MEDAL |
the goal of this T0 was to evaluate the hazardous chemical SE control system in a semiconductor manufacturing company and recommend an AGA exposure surveillance system for hazardous agents we reviewed compliancebased chemical SE data compiled between and by the study company the chemical management system characteristics of chemical use and hazardous gas monitoring system were also investigated we evaluated the airborne isopropyl alcohol ipa and acetone generally used as cleaning solvents VOCs and metals levels using internationally recommended sampling and analytical methods based on the results of past working environment measurement data and of our investigation the overall current exposure to chemicals by semiconductor workers during routine production work appears to be controlled below occupational exposure limits about of chemical products used were found to contain at least one unidentifiable tradesecret substance there are several situations and maintenance tasks that need special attention to reduce SE to carcinogens as much as possible in addition a jobexposure matrix as a tool of surveillance system that can examine the SE and health status of semiconductor workers according to type of T0 and type of job or task is recommended | MEDAL |
different s and mo vacancies as well as their corresponding antisite defects in a freestanding mos ML are analysed by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy stm simulations our theoretical methodology based on the keldysh nonequilibrium green CF formalism within the DFT dft RPA is applied to simulate stm images for different voltages and tip heights combining the geometrical and electronic effects all features of the different stm images can be explained providing a valuable guide for future experiments our results confirm previous reports on s atom imaging but also reveal a strong dependence on the applied bias for vacancies and antisite defects that include extra s atoms by contrast when additional mo atoms cover the s vacancies the mos gap vanishes and a biasindependent bright protrusion is obtained in the stm image finally we show that the inclusion of these point defects promotes the emergence of reactive dangling bonds that may act as efficient adsorption sites for external adsorbates | MEDAL |
features common to many MT regions include recombination suppression over large genomic tracts and cosegregation of genes of various functions not necessarily related to reproduction model systems for homomorphic selfincompatibility si in flowering plants share these characteristics we introduce a method for the exact computation of the joint probability of numbers of neutral mutations segregating at the determinant of mating type and at a linked marker locus the underlying markov MM incorporates strong balancing selection into a twolocus coalescent we apply the method to obtain a maximumlikelihood estimate of the rate of recombination between a marker locus a and srnase the determinant of si specificity in pistils of nicotiana alata even though the sampled haplotypes show CR allelic linkage disequilibrium and recombinants have never been detected a highly significant deficiency of synonymous substitutions at a compared to srnase suggests a history of recombination our maximumlikelihood estimate indicates a rate of recombination of perhaps orders of magnitude greater than the rate of synonymous mutation this approach may facilitate the construction of genetic maps of regions tightly linked to targets of strong balancing selection | MEDAL |
the addition of new telomeres to the ends of broken chromosomes termed chromosome healing has been extensively studied in unicellular organisms however its role in the mammalian cell response to doublestrand breaks is unknown a system for analysis of chromosome healing which involves the integration of plasmid sequences immediately adjacent to a telomere has been established in mouse embryonic stem cells this marked telomere contains a neo gene for positive selection in g an iscei endonuclease recognition sequence for introducing doublestrand breaks and a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene for negative selection with ganciclovir for cells that have lost the telomere transient expression of the iscei endonuclease results in terminal deletions involving telomeric repeat sequences added directly onto the end of the broken chromosome the CS of addition of the new telomeres contain short regions of complementarity to telomeric repeat sequences the most common site of addition is the last a of the ataa overhang generated by the iscei endonuclease without the loss of a single nucleotide from the end of the chromosome the next most frequent site involved bp of complementarity which occurred after the loss of four nucleotides from the end of the chromosome the new telomeres are generally much shorter than in the parental cell line and most increase in size with time in SC these results demonstrate that chromosome healing is a mechanism for repair of chromosome breaks in mammalian cells | MEDAL |
the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ts were evaluated with use of nonmem in healthy male subjects after constant infusion of five different singledose regimens population analysis showed the plasma concentrationtime profiles of ts to be bestfit characterized by a twocompartment open MM with constant infusion and firstorder beta the pharmacodynamic MM that best fitted the platelet aggregation was a sigmoid emax model the final estimates for baseline effect GABA concentration ic and the hill coefficient were ngml and respectively the maximum effect emax was fixed at submaximal aggregation response in addition correlations between ts plasma concentration and extension of template BT were examined by fitting with an exponential MM the model estimates that the ts plasma concentration necessary to double template BT is approximately ngml ie fold greater than the ic the population approaches for pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic investigation can be useful for the analysis of concentrationeffect relationships and concentrationadverse event relationships for a GP iibiiia receptor antagonist | MEDAL |
a method for the simultaneous determination of primary amino groups and ammonium ion has been proposed the method is based in solution derivatization with ophthaldialdehydenacetylcisteine opanac and fluorescence measurement of the formed isoindols analytical characteristics and description of the developed procedure have been provided the calibration graphs for ammonium up to mgl of n and methylamine as primary amino MM compound up to mgl of n were obtained bivariate and multivariate calibration models have been tested the limits of PCD were mgl of n and mgl of n for ammonium and amine respectively the procedure was first applied directly to standard solutions containing ammonium and amines and secondly to digested solutions by kjeldahl method the results obtained allowed to establish the best digestion conditions in order to perform the total amine conversion into ammonium this procedure has been also applied to real samples irrigation ditch residual and fountain waters and the concentrations of primary amine CG and ammonium have been evaluated the results obtained after kjeldahl digestion allowed to estimate the total kjeldahl n contained in the samples the samples were also analysed by nessler method and similar results were obtained | MEDAL |
the origins of fisher information are in its use as a performance measure for parametric estimation we augment this and show that the fisher information can characterize the performance in several other significant signal processing operations for processing of a weak signal in additive WG noise we demonstrate that the fisher information determines i the maximum output SNR ratio for a periodic signal ii the optimum asymptotic efficacy for signal detection iii the best CC coefficient for signal transmission and iv the minimum mean square error of an unbiased estimator this unifying picture via inequalities on the fisher information is used to establish conditions where improvement by noise through stochastic resonance is feasible or not | MEDAL |
tibialis posterior tendon transfer is performed when loss of DF has to be compensated we evaluated the circumtibial ct aboveretinaculum transmembranous tmar and underretinaculum transmembranous tmur transfer gliding resistance and foot kinematics in a CAD foot MM during ankle range of motion rom | MEDAL |
upper airway obstruction is usually diagnosed by visual examination of maximum expiratory and inspiratory flowvolume curves and by calculating a ratio of expiratory to inspiratory flow at percent of vital capacity midvital capacity flow ratio however REF values of this ratio have not been well established and considerable R2 exists the purpose of this T0 was to examine the range of midvital capacity flow ratios in a group of healthy subjects and to determine if some of the R2 is accounted for by different maximum inspiratory pressures we measured maximum expiratory and inspiratory flows at percent of vital capacity from the flowvolume curves and MIP pressures in a group of healthy nonsmokers men and women whose ages ranged from to years we found that midvital capacity flow ratio mean sd was in men and in women the coefficient of R2 of the midvital capacity flow ratio was percent for men and percent for women the percent confidence limits for the midvital capacity flow ratio were to for men and to for women MIP pressures mean sd were cm ho in men and cm ho in women not significantly different from previous studies normalizing maximum inspiratory flow for maximum inspiratory pressure did not reduce the coefficient of R2 which became percent in men and percent in women we conclude that the range of midvital capacity flow ratios is wide and it cannot be reduced by standardizing it for maximum inspiratory pressures | MEDAL |
this special issue of the cardiovascular drug reviews is dedicated in memory of dr edward h ahrens jr who died on dec th at the princeton medical center in new jersey at the age of dr ahrens was the director of the lipid metabolism laboratory at the rockefeller university dr alexander scriabine conceived the idea for the issue at the special memorial symposium held at the rockefeller university on feb under the auspices of the NY lipid and V1 biology research club dr ahrens was the first president of the club he started this club with drs howard eder and dewitt goodman dr eder thought that it would be a fitting attribute to honor one of the founding fathers of the club by hosting a memorial symposium i as the president of the club for that academic year had no hesitation in accepting the proposal this year will be the th anniversary of the club and its continued success provides a glimpse of the fine legacy left behind by dr ahrens dr ahrens also played a pivotal role in the establishment of the journal of lipid research this is the rd year of the journal and in this commemorative issue we are reproducing a review he wrote for the th anniversary of the journal i was never personally acquainted with dr ahrens however i am honored that i got this opportunity to pay tribute to a great scientist whose work has contributed immensely to the progress of lipid research he was a person who touched many lives and still continues to do so my involvement in the remembrance of dr ahrens shows that science not only impacts your contemporaries but also generations that follow you scientific research is a journey where you can leave your trails behind and be remembered for your work long T3 your departure from this world dr ahrens contributed immensely to the understanding of cholesterol metabolism in the early stages of his career he showed that phospholipids solubilize fat in the blood now we know that a monolayer of phospholipids surrounds the neutral lipid core of CEs and triglycerides in lipoproteins this ML contains proteins called apolipoproteins which play a L1 role in lipoprotein catabolism lipoproteins are the major vehicles that transport triglycerides and cholesterol in the plasma he also described a new form of PBC characterized by the presence of xanthomas and hyperlipidemia with normal translucent plasma subsequently his group at the rockefeller institute developed methods for the separation of lipids using silicic acid columns isolated highly unsaturated long chain FO fatty acids using GLC standardized techniques to study sterol metabolism and introduced the concept of using betasitosterolemia as an internal marker for cholesterol balance studies these studies revealed that individuals show a reproducible response to a given regimen when studied over time in contrast different individuals may respond differently to the same regimen throughout his career dr ahrens championed metabolic studies in humans and has passionately argued for the continuation of such investigations dr ahrens also left behind trails of graduates several of them are currently prominent scientists in their own fields in this issue drs davignon and samuel share their feelings for him in the form of remembrance and curriculum vitae dr salen has submitted a preview of his research progress towards the understanding of sitosterolemia dr hudgins and associates have acknowledged the efforts of dr ahrens in binding ldl apheresis technique to the united states of america and have previewed the use of this procedure in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients the contributions of these and other graduates will keep his legacy alive for a long time to come we are truly grateful for this opportunity to pay homage to such a distinguished scientist | MEDAL |
male monozygotic twins with genetically determined severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy are described although seizure ON clinical seizure symptomatology and motor and mental development were almost identical until age months their clinical courses then became discordant the emergence of myoclonus was delayed by months in twin compared with twin regression in language OD which is a common feature of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy was obvious in twin after the emergence of myoclonus whereas twin did not demonstrate any regression the clinicalcourse discordance between twins was attributable to BM which twin developed at age months BM may have affected the clinical course of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy in twin resulting in delayed onset of myoclonus and more favorable language OD in twin than in twin who did not experience bacterial meningitis | MEDAL |
a common cause for surgical failure of primary HP phpt is the nondetection of an ectopic adenoma during the MI we present a case of a patient with phpt in whom an ectopic gland was found in the right retropharyngeal space by means of a double phase mtcmethoxyisobutylisonitrile mtcmibi scintigraphy and early spectct after several surgeries and imaging tests the addition of a tomography to the planar scintigraphy increases its sensitivity and improves pathological parathyroid glands localization the hybrid imaging is sometimes essential to obtain surgical success as in the case of ectopic adenomas | MEDAL |
the antihypertensive action of a crude ethanolic extract eeeg from leaves of echinodorus grandiflorus alismataceae was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats the intraperitoneal injection of increasing doses of eeeg mgkg elicited dosedependent reductions in mean arterial pressure map that were paralleled by reductions of cardiac SO and systemic vascular resistance reaching the maximum of and respectively n p comparable reductions of map were obtained upon iv administration of eeeg mgkg reaching the maximum decrease of n p the blockade of NOS significantly reduced the SH induced by iv administration of eeeg moreover the i.c.v. of the animals with a selective antagonist of cholinergic muscarinic receptors or of plateletactivating factor paf receptors partially blunted the cardiovascular effects of eeeg the iv pretreatment with the selective b bradykinin receptor antagonist hoe or with indomethacin an inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase did not prevent the hypotensive effects induced by eeeg finally the chronic oral treatment with eeeg presented a significant antihypertensive effect that was comparable to that of reference AHD currently used to treat arterial hypertension it is concluded that eeeg elicits significant acute antihypertensive effects through the PR of nitric oxide and the stimulation of ACh muscarinic and paf receptors moreover our results suggest that eeeg may be appropriate to chronic oral treatment of arterial hypertension | MEDAL |
no differences have been observed in vivo between lycopersicum peruvianum compatible and incompatible pollen during activation and pollen tube emission and organization that is until h and min DAP during pollen activation the main events are the setting free of rough endoplasmic reticulum rer cisterns which were stacked in the mature pollen the increase in the number of polysomes and a great activity of the dictyosomes immediately after germination of the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell move into the tube the generative cell diviting to form the male gametes the tube then becomes organized in four zones this series of changes is similar to what has already been observed in vitro except that in vitro the generative cell remains undivided and the whole process from seeding to tube organization takes h instead of h and min after pollination as it does in vivo our findings are compatible with the main models of the tube inhibition mechanism proposed till now | MEDAL |
with the development of increasingly potent new immunosuppressive agents the outcomes Tx have continued to improve however patients continue to require long term chronic immunosuppression the toxicities associated with cyclosporine azathioprine prednisone and ALA are well known those associated with the newer agents tacrolimus mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus have also been described in an attempt to minimize these SE a number of low toxicity protocols have been developed they can be categorized into those that withdraw minimize or avoid calcineurin inhibitors those that withdraw or avoid steroids and those that withdraw adjunctive third agents this presentation will review the various low toxicity protocols that have been utilized in clinical renal transplantation while there are a number of combinations that have been tried it is not yet clear which regimens will prove to be the most efficacious and least toxic in addition the presentation will also describe preliminary outcomes with a new tolerogenic protocol developed at the university of pittsburgh this regimen combines steroid avoidance with low doses and gradual tapering of calcineurin inhibitors and has shown considerable promise in kidney pancreas liver and intestine recipients | MEDAL |
catharanthus roseus receptorlike kinase like crrlkl proteins contain two tandem malectinlike modules in their extracellular domains ecds and CF in diverse signaling pathways in plants malectin is a carbohydratebinding protein in animals and recognizes a number of diglucosides however it remains unclear how the two malectinlike domains in the crrlkl proteins sense the ligand molecule in this study we reveal the crystal structures of the ecds of anxur and anxur two crrlkl members in arabidopsis thaliana that have critical functions in controlling pollen tube rupture during the fertilization process we show that the two malectinlike domains in these proteins pack together to form a rigid architecture unlike animal malectin these malectinlike domains lack residues involved in IB to the diglucosides suggesting that they have a distinct ligandbinding mechanism a cleft is observed between the two malectinlike domains which might function as a potential ligandbinding pocket | MEDAL |
most of the current concepts on morphogenesis of atherosclerosis attribute the development of AS lesions to the combined effects of two main cellular events activation of macrophages leading to lipoprotein phagocytosis by scavenger cells and proliferation of smooth muscle cells smc smclike cells producing collagenous fibers and EM are particularly involved in the formation of the socalled fibrous caps surrounding the core of an atheroma composed of foam cells and fatty debris the fiberforming smc in GA are said to result from a proliferation of media smc which once have moved into the intima this view of origin of the fiberforming smc and the alleged proliferation of media smc is mainly derived from experimental assays exposing the vessel wall to various kinds of physical or chemical injuries it is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that the results of those more or less ephemeral experiments differ from findings obtained from a combined histochemical and morphometric analysis of smc in the aortic media in spontaneous human AS instead of any proliferation a significant atrophy of smc occurs in the media with advancing age and progress of atherosclerosis to some extent this decrease in numerical and volumetric density of smc is accompanied with intra and extracellular calcification it seems likely that the loss of contractile capacity of the media resulting from wasting of smc does slow down the stream of the ISF in the arterial wall this stagnation must increase the life span of ldl moving through the interstitial space the chemical alteration ensuing from aging of ldl mediates its IB to the scavenger receptors and uptake by macrophages so far muscular atrophy of the media forms an atherogenic factor of its own leading to final results similar to those as known from conditions of intravascular aging of ldl in hyperlipoproteinaemia the augmentation of smclike cells in the intima is hardly to be derived from the atrophic media but rather seems to be due to local proliferation of cells which in the normal state do occur in small numbers in the subendothelial space these socalled myointimal or langhanscells share with smc their content of alphaactin but they differ by their stellate configuration from the bipolar shape smc of the media | MEDAL |
OPG opg acts by NT the receptor activator of nuclear factorkappab ligand rankl the primary mediator of OCL differentiation CF and survival we examined whether opg could affect the bone loss associated with chronic kidney disease ckd in a rodent MM of ckd and secondary hyperparathyroidism shpt shpt was induced in rats by nephrectomy nx and a p ca diet starting week after nx rats were treated with vehicle veh or opgfc mgkg intravenously every weeks for weeks at baseline and weeks blood was taken and bone mineral density bmd and bone mineral content bmc were assessed by DE xray absorptiometry serum parathyroid hormone spth C2 reached pgml in nx rats vs pgml in shams at weeks opgfc had no effect on spth or ca C2 throughout the week study indicating that shpt was a renal effect independent of bone changes at weeks nxveh rats had osteopenia compared with shamveh rats and nxopgfc rats had significantly higher percent changes in wholebody bmc leg bmd and lumbar bmd versus nxveh rats by weeks elevated spth was associated with reversal of bone loss and OF in the proximal tibial metaphysis opgfc decreased this spthdriven high bone turnover resulting in augmented thickness of PT tibial trabeculae in nx rats thus rankl inhibition with opgfc can block the deleterious effects of continuously elevated spth on bone suggesting that rankl may be an important therapeutic target for protecting bone in patients with ckd and shpt | MEDAL |
the first case of bk virus allograft nephropathy at the university of maryland renal SPK program was diagnosed in since then more than cases have been identified the incidence of bkan has increased from for patients transplanted in to for patients transplanted in bkan is an important cause of premature kidney graft loss at the university of maryland SPK program onethird of the patients diagnosed with bkan since have already lost graft CF and a third of the remaining patients have creatinine C2 over mgdl we could not determine that a TPS IS drug increased the incidence of bkan older patients had an increased risk of developing the disease the histological diagnosis of bkan was made at a mean time of months Tx range months bkan occurred in of all patients biopsied during the period described the diagnosis of bk allograft nephropathy was based on a combination of renal biopsy to demonstrate viral cytopathic chages urine cytology and quantitative viral load in plasma a threshold of copies of bk virus per ml of plasma is proposed as an indication of bkan following diagnosis of bkan patients on a single immunosuppressve drug fk csa sirolimus or mmf in addition to prednisone had less VG loss and higher viral clearance in comparison to patients on prednisone and immunosuppressant drugs fk csa or sirolimus and mmf there was no difference in the rate of acute allograft rejection among different immunosuppression reduction protocols three patients who lost their grafts to bkan were retransplanted for these patients there has not yet been evidence of recurrence of bkan T3 reduction of immunosuppression the course of bkan in most patients followed one of pathways clearance of the infection and disappearance of the viral cp changes in biopsies and urine persistence of viral replication with continuous associated tubular damage renal transplant patients should be routinely screened with urine cytology the presence of decoy cells in the urine is an indication for quantitative measurement of viral load in plasma patients with any evidence of bk viral reactivation should be followed closely in patients biopsied early due to persistence of bk virusinfected cells in urine there is a higher rate of conversion from positive to negative urine cytology after reduction of immunosuppression | MEDAL |
the aminoterminal domain of the ef transcription factor is the site of association with cyclin acdk mapping to residues a mutant of ef lacking the first amino acids termed efd has a number of potent effects on cellular phenotype when constitutively expressed in niht fibroblasts for example in these fibroblasts the duration of s phase and the sensitivity to s phase chemotherapeutic agents are both increased since efd only partially truncates the cyclin acdk binding domain it was important to determine the level of cyclin acdk association with this mutant to correlate any reduction in association with the observed effects on the Tc it was found that cyclin acdk binds efd in an in vitro assay but that this binding is reduced approximately fold compared with IB to fulllength ef whereas no detectable binding was seen to a mutant ef that lacks the first amino acids correspondingly h kinase activity in efd immunoprecipitates from efdexpressing cells was significantly reduced compared with that seen for fulllength ef from these data it appears that ef with reduced cyclin acdk CBA mediates the alteration in cell cycle parameters seen in these cells | MEDAL |
rna interference rnaimediated knockdown of mRNA offers a novel treatment strategy for human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection however the major hurdle for clinical use is a practical strategy for small interfering rna sirna delivery to the multiple immune cell types important in viral pathogenesis we have developed a novel immunoliposome method targeting the lymphocyte functionassociated antigen lfa Int expressed on all WBCs and evaluated it for SVR delivery of sirna in a humanized mouse model we show that in vivo administration of the lfa integrintargeted and stabilized NPs lfa itsnps results in selective uptake of sirna by TA and macrophages the prime targets of hiv further in vivo administration of anticcr sirnalfa itsnps resulted in leukocytespecific gene silencing that was sustained for days finally humanized mice challenged with hiv T3 anticcr sirna treatment showed enhanced resistance to infection as assessed by the reduction in plasma viral load and diseaseassociated cd tcell loss this study demonstrates the potential in vivo applicability of lfadirected sirna delivery as antihiv prophylaxis | MEDAL |
the exp results of a highefficiency midir laser are presented on a quasiphasematched singleresonated optical parametric oscillator in ppmgocln pumped by a nm laser of an elliptical beam the pump source was an acoustooptical qswitched cwdiodesidepumped ndyag laser the beam polarization matched the eee interaction in ppmgocln when the crystal was operated at degrees c and the pump power was w with a repetition rate of khz average SO powers of w at microm and w at microm were obtained the slope efficiency of the microm laser with respect to the pump laser was the m factors of the mum laser were and in the parallel and perpendicular directions respectively | MEDAL |
metallothioneins belong to a group of intracellular high molecular andcysteinerich proteins whose content in an organism increase with increasing concentrationof a heavy metal the aim of this work was to apply the electrochemical analysis for theanalysis of MTs in earthworms exposed to Cd ions and brewery sludgehere we utilized adsorptive transfer technique coupled with differential PP voltammetrybrdicka reaction to determine metallothionein in different biological samples by meansthis very sensitive technique it was possible to analyze metallothionein in concentrationsbelow μmoll⻠with the standard deviation of we found out that the average mtlevel in the nontreated earthworms oscillated between and μmoll | MEDAL |
current HR valve prostheses may be classified as either mechanical or tissue valves bioprostheses the principal advantage of mechanical devices is their established longterm durability however chronic AC is recommended to reduce the incidence of thromboembolic complications tissue valves are associated with a relatively low rate of thromboembolism but their durability level has not been determined all contemporary prosthetic heart valves yield comparable survival rates | MEDAL |
endoscopic diverticulotomy for the treatment of zenkers diverticulum has been reported infrequently in the literature and has engendered considerable controversy between march and september we attempted to treat patients with endoscopic treatment for pharyngoesophageal diverticula in patients the endoscopic surgery was successfully completed conversion to open surgery was required in patients one cartridge of staples in patients cartridges in patients and cartridges in patients were used according to the size of the diverticulum the median duration of the procedure was minutes to minutes no postoperative morbidity or mortality was recorded oral feeding was started following radiologic control T3 a median of days the median hospital stay was days the median followup is months to months four patients operated on before the introduction of the modified stapler showed a persistent diverticular pouch underwent repeat endoscopic operation and underwent conventional open surgery all treated patients are asymptomatic manometric T0 performed in patients showed a significant reduction of basal upper esophageal sphincter pressure compared to preoperative data versus mm hg p we therefore recommend endoscopic diverticulotomy considering that the procedure is relatively safe and ERP with minimal patient discomfort and the results are equal to those of the external RPA this procedure offers the advantages of short hospitalization rapid convalescence brief operative time absence of skin incision predictable resolution of symptoms and reduced morbidity | MEDAL |
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