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making oneself more beautiful has always been part of humans civilized life accordingly the SE of various cosmetic product and cosmetic procedure long exist the ocularsurface problems induced by cosmetology mainly include cornea and conjunctiva damages and tear film damages specifically cornea and conjunctiva damage included PCS injury caused by nonstandard operational procedure toxic and side effect of cosmetic product and infection induced by using cosmetic contact lenses while tear film damage included injury of normal eyelid structure decrease of tear production from lacrimal gland and CF and morphology injury of meibomian gland | MEDAL |
a survey of children treated for arteriovenous malformations of the BB is presented venous angiomas and aneurysms of the vein of galen were excluded spontaneous hemorrhage was the first symptom in angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations were found in of cases contrastenhanced ct failed to opacify abnormal vessels in most of these occult lesions fourteen patients underwent CR excision of their malformation with only death surgical mortality overall mortality for the group was outcome was related to treatment modality and clinical condition on presentation four of patients presenting in deep coma died but are normal and one slightly disabled a spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage in a child is probably due to a V1 malformation even when angiography and enhanced ct are negative optimal management consists of complete removal of the malformation residual lesions tend to rebleed with fatal outcome with aggressive treatment complete REC is possible even for children who present in coma | MEDAL |
tropomyosin one of the proteins regulating the sarcomere was prepared from pig HR and rb skeletal muscles the effect of these two different tropomyosins was studied between and mm of mg at a constant atp concentration mm on reconstituted AM prepared from pig HR S1 and rb skeletal actin cardiac and skeletal TM both activated the atpase at low mg concentrations and inhibited it above mm the pig heart and rb skeletal TMs which contain two isomers alpha alpha and alpha beta respectively has very similar effects on AM atpase | MEDAL |
the modulations of βcatenin were analyzed during the inflammatory response induced by the der p house dust mite allergen der p induced the dosedependent expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin il il monocyte chemoattractant protein mcp and RT necrosis factorα tnfα in thp human monocytic cells the mrna expression levels of βcatenin were not altered however protein levels increased following der p treatment demonstrating that βcatenin was modulated by posttranscriptional processes it was also revealed that nuclear βcatenin C2 were significantly increased while cytoplasmic βcatenin levels were reduced which demonstrated the nuclear translocation of βcatenin by the der p allergen GS kinase β gskβ a regulator of βcatenin stability was demonstrated to be phosphorylated following der p treatment when βcatenin was knocked down by the transfection of its small interfering rna sirna inflammatory cytokine expression as well as nuclear factorκb nfκb activity which were induced by der p treatment were all significantly reduced the results demonstrated that der p induced inflammatory responses were mediated by βcatenin | MEDAL |
a case of a newborn infant with a complex cerebral malformation including a neurenteric cyst of MO is presented this localization is extremely rare only one such case has been reported in the world literature other cerebral malformations were spina bifida posterior with cervicodorsal dysraphia cerebellar hypoplasy cervicodorsal cystic meningocele and HC the etiology of this complex malformation remained unknown | MEDAL |
sick leave due to common mental disorders cmds increase rapidly and present a L1 societal challenge the overall effect of psychological interventions to reduce sick leave and PS has not been sufficiently investigated and there is a need for a SR and metaanalysis of the field the aim of the present metaanalysis was to calculate the effect size of psychological interventions for cmds on sick leave and psychiatric PS based on all published randomized controlled trials methodological quality the risk of bias and publication bias were also assessed the literature searches gave hits and studies were included the psychological interventions were more ERP than care as usual on both reduced sick leave g and PS g there was no significant difference in effect between work focused interventions problemsolving therapy cognitive behavioural therapy or collaborative care we conclude that psychological interventions are more effective than care as usual to reduce sick leave and symptoms but the effect sizes are small more research is needed on psychological interventions that evaluate effects on sick leave consensual measures of sick leave should be established and quality of psychotherapy for patients on sick l makes the whole process of haematopoiesis highly regulated and depending on a variety of growth AF when influenced by those hscs undergo several irreversible steps with every next one committing them to an even more specialised fate ending with all the specific types of mostly shortlived blood cells that are unable to proliferate on their own and need constant replenishment from the hsc pool because the process of haematopoiesis is the only source of all the members of the group of cells performing a range of highly important roles in functioning of the organism significant damage to the underlying stem cells can cause a range of severe diseases many treatments are suggested for managing their PS or slowing progress with bone marrow SPK being one of the only ones that offer possible permanent solution and despite being a relatively risky procedure is being widely performed with the methods constantly improving in order to achieve progressively better results in both treatability and survivability of the patients | MEDAL |
an analysis of the external flight apparatus of blackcaps from eight different populations sedentary to longdistance migrators is presented with increasing migration distances of populations wing length aspect ratio and wing pointedness increase wing load decreases slots on the wing tips become relatively shorter the alula tends to be shorter in relation to wing length and the tail is shorter in relation to wing length although body mass increases from southern to northern populations changes in wing length and wing area are two to three times larger than expected for simple ISO relationships regarding the aerodynamic background of these changes it can be stated that traits for energyeffective flight are more strongly developed and traits for maneuverability are less developed in birds traveling longer distances presumably as a consequence of tradeoffs nonmigratory blackcaps from madeira and the cape verde islands do not always show the traits we would expect in view of their sedentary behavior this can be seen as a result of recent colonization of these islands by migrants or of selection by AF other than migration behavior in migratory populations changes between the first and the second set of primaries during first CR molt show almost the same pattern as the changes from nonmigratory to migratory populations during molt of the primaries blackcaps of nonmigratory populations do not show these changes hybrids between migrating and nonmigrating blackcap populations moscow and madeira showed intermediate values between parent populations in wing length wing shape and wing area in the other variables they resembled either parent population | MEDAL |
the somatic o and casular k antigens of escherichia coli from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis acute cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria and in the faeces of healthy schoolchildren have been investigated typing antisera for sixteen capsular acidic polysaccharide k antigens were used and five numbers and accounted for of isolates from patients with acute PN these five k antigens were found to a lesser extent in the three other T0 groups thus only a few k polysaccharides are associated with virulent properties of e coli for the upper urinary tract this finding is similar to the association of only some capsular types of pneumococci meningococci and haemophilus influenzae with invasiveness the identification of virulence markers for e coli associated with upperurinarytract disease may permit more successful control with reference to preventive immunisation | MEDAL |
melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy mnti an uncommon neoplasm that involves predominantly the maxilla is classically benign but clinically aggressive surgery is the mainstay of the treatment with a proven tau but its optimal method is not entirely clear a case of maxillary mnti in a monthold male infant treated by radical surgery without recurrence T3 more than years of followup is presented on the basis of this experience and a review of the literature the optimal method of mnti surgery is discussed to improve the prognostic of this neoplasm the role of conservative surgery should be limited to the treatment of PT where clear surgical margins excision should require sacrifice of PET or vital structures | MEDAL |
dna damageinduced mutations are formed when damaged nucleotides present in singlestranded dna are replicated we have developed a new method for the preparation of gapped plasmids containing sitespecific damaged nucleotides as model dna substrates for translesion replication using these substrates we show that the dna polymerase iii holoenzyme from escherichia coli can bypass a synthetic abasic site analogue with high efficiency bypass in min unassisted by other proteins the theta and tau subunits of the polymerase were not essential for bypass no bypass was observed when the enzyme was assayed on a synthetic mer oligonucleotide carrying the same lesion and bypass on a linear gapped plasmid was fold slower than on a circular gapped plasmid there was no difference in the bypass when standingstart and runningstart replication were compared a comparison of translesion replication by KF dna polymerase ii the dna polymerase iii core and the dna polymerase iii holoenzyme clearly showed that the dna polymerase iii holoenzyme was by far the most ERP in performing translesion replication this was not only due to the high processivity of the pol iii holoenzyme because increasing the processivity of pol ii by adding the gamma complex and beta subunit did not increase bypass these results support the MM that sos regulation was imposed on a fundamentally constitutive translesion replication reaction to achieve tight control of mutagenesis | MEDAL |
plateletactive von willebrand factor is a poorly characterized activity of a plasmaprotein macromolecular complex a new simple CA for von willebrand factor is based on the dose response relation of the factor and the ristocetin platelet aggregation time this CA uses the snowstorm macroscopic endpoint a multiply transfused subject with von willebrands disease was observed to have a circulating inhibitor that blocks normal ristocetin aggregation of platelets but not adp epinephrine or collageninduced aggregation the inhibitor was not adsorbed by normal platelets and was SD to heating at degrees for min and to repeated freezings and thawings this inhibitor also prevents action on human platelets by plateletaggregating factor of bovine plasma indicating this bovine factor activity is a CF of von willebrand factor three inhibitors were compared the von willebrand factor inhibitor specifically blocked von willebrand factor activity a human antibody from a hemophiliac inhibited only AHF activity and a rabbit antiserum to a preparation of human antihemophilic factor inhibited both activities the AS site for von willebrand factor on the macromolecular complex appears to be spaced some distance from the antihemophilic factor site | MEDAL |
adenosine cyclic phosphate receptor protein crp or cap is a regulatory protein involved in the transcription of several operons in escherichia coli campindependent nonspecific complexes of crp and dna were investigated by photochemical crosslinking of the protein to nonspecific dna whose thymines are substituted by bromouracil brura the crosslinked protein was CR digested by TR and the covalently bound peptides were sequenced we identified two regions of the protein in close contact with dna one in the cterminal part overlapping the canonical helixturnhelix motif and the other one in the NT part which is usually not considered to belong to the dnainteracting domain of crp this result lead us to propose models for nonspecific interaction where the dna is in contact with both the n and cterminal parts of the protein | MEDAL |
several anterior segments of the lumbosacral spinal cord were deleted in a series of st chick embryos which is prior to the birthdate of the motoneurones and to limb bud formation deleted segments did not regenerate and therefore some muscles were deprived of their normal source of innervation the projection DP of motoneurones in remaining lumbosacral segments was assessed electrophsiologically st and by orthograde and retrograde labelling of motoneurones with horseradish peroxidase st from the time that axons first enter the limb until after the normal motoneurone cell death period the projection DP of remaining segments was not altered by the deletion at no time did inappropriate segments innervate muscles or regions of the primary MM which had had their enter innervation source removed by the deletion although they often innervated immediately adjacent regions the pathways taken by remaining MNs both in the plexus and muscle nerves were not different from their normal control DP from the time that axons first reached the base of the limb there was no evidence that they compensated for missing spinal SN by projecting down inappropriate pathways with respect to pathway selection we can conclude that axons are normally not excluded from certain pathways by interactions with other axons nor do they interact amongst each other in distributing themselves to all available pathways we can also conclude that once axons enter a muscle or MM they are not kept within AGA regions by competition with axons that normally occupy adjacent regions in summary we can exclude both the process of competition and a timed outgrowth mechanism as playing a L1 role in the development of TPS motor connexions in the chick hind limb muscles totally deprived of their innervation by the deletion underwent cleavage became contractile and appeared to differentiate normally until st however by st they had become extremely atrophic in some cases following the deletion of part of a motoneurone pool the number of motoneurones per unit of cord in the remaining pool at st was significantly greater than control values since these MNs were located in the position both rostrocaudal and transverse of the control motoneurone pool we conclude that we were able to rescue some of the neurones that would normally have died during the motoneurone cell death period st | MEDAL |
in vitro receptor ARG has been used to study the distribution of iendothelin IB CS in human coronary tissue from patients undergoing CT dense IB of iendothelin was associated with the smooth muscle of Epi CAs as well as to perivascular regions of these vessels IB was also associated with the VVI myocardium there was an increased IB of iendothelin to atheromatous tissue both coronary arteries and vein VG the iendothelin IB CS identified using in vitro ARG are likely to be functionally relevant since endothelin causes a concentrationdependent contraction of segments of human epicardial coronary arteries in vitro and also has positive inotropic activity on isolated human cardiomyocytes the presence of specific IB sites for iendothelin on coronary tissue and the increased binding in atheromatous tissue suggest that endothelin is a peptide which may play a role in the maintenance of vascular tone andor the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease | MEDAL |
because of its biofilm forming potential staphylococcus epidermidis has evolved as a leading cause of devicerelated infections the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin pia is significantly involved in biofilm accumulation however infections because of pianegative strains are not uncommon suggesting the existence of piaindependent biofilm accumulation mechanisms here we found that biofilm formation in the clinically significant s epidermidis depended on the expression of a truncated kda isoform of the kda accumulationassociated protein aap as expression of the truncated aap isoform leads to biofilm formation in aapnegative s epidermidis this domain mediates intercellular adhesion in a polysaccharideindependent manner in contrast expression of FL aap did not lead to a biofilmpositive phenotype obviously to gain adhesive function fulllength aap has to be proteolytically processed through staphylococcal PRs as demonstrated by inhibition of biofilm formation by alphamacroglobulin importantly also exogenously added granulocyte PRs G1 aap thereby inducing biofilm formation in s epidermidis and four additional independent clinical s epidermidis strains it is therefore reasonable to assume that in vivo effector mechanisms of the innate immunity can directly induce proteindependent s epidermidis cell aggregation and biofilm formation thereby enabling the pathogen to evade clearance by phagocytes | MEDAL |
fes FES is a clinical problem and although ards acute RDS has been considered as a serious complication of fes the pathogenesis of ards associated with fes remains unclear in the present T0 we investigated the clinical manifestations and PSA and pathophysiological changes in subjects associated with fes and ards to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in this disorder a total of eight patients with fes were studied and pHa pao PaO2 paco arterial partial pressure of co biochemical and pathophysiological data were obtained these subjects suffered from crash injuries and developed fes associated with ards and each died within h after admission in the subjects CXR revealed that the lungs were clear on admission and pulmonary infiltration was observed within h of admission arterial blood ph and pao declined whereas paco increased plasma pla phospholipase a nitratenitrite methylguanidine TNF tumour necrosis factoralpha ilbeta interleukinbeta and il interleukin were significantly elevated pathological examinations revealed AM oedema and haemorrhage with multiple fat droplet depositions and Fn thrombi fat droplets were also found in the arterioles andor capillaries in the lung kidney and BB immunohistochemical staining identified inos inducible nitric oxide synthase in AM macrophages in conclusion our clinical analysis suggests that pla no FRs and Th1 cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of ards associated with fes the major source of no is the AM macrophages | MEDAL |
SE values of nonstarch PSs nsp were estimated from nsp fermentability and from DE balances in human subjects and in rats during four studies humans consumed four low fiber control diets and six HF diets for the rat diets duplicates of the foods consumed by humans were mixed together FD and ground calculated from fermentability partial DE values of nsp in humans and rats respectively were and p fruits and vegetables and p citrus fiber and p barley fiber at high protein intake and p barley fiber at low protein NI and p coarse whole meal rye bread and and p fine whole meal rye bread kjg nsp calculated from SE balances partial digestible SE values of nsp in humans and rats respectively were and p fruits and vegetables and p citrus fiber and p barley fiber at high protein intake and p barley fiber at low protein NI and p coarse whole meal rye bread and and p fine whole meal rye bread kjg nsp NE values were of digestible energy values differences between species were significant for nsp in fruits and vegetables citrus fiber and barley fiber at high protein NI most SE values calculated from energy balances were significantly lower than values calculated from nsp fermentation with differences being greater in rats than in humans thus the energy values of some types of nsp contained in mixed diets could not be estimated accurately from nsp fermentability either in humans or rats in addition our results suggest that the rat is not always a suitable model of humans for predicting SE values of nsp in mixed diets | MEDAL |
epsteinbarr virus ebvbased gene delivery vectors that preferentially express toxic genes in ebvinfected cells could be used to target ebvpositive tumors for destruction we have shown previously that the cytosine deaminase cd enzyme which converts the prodrug fluorocytosine fc into the toxic compound fluorouracil efficiently kills ebvpositive cells in the presence of fc with a substantial bystander killing effect in vitro and in vivo to identify the optimal enzymeprodrug combination for treating ebvpositive lymphomas we have compared the effectiveness of the cdfc combination with the nitroreductase ntrcb combination for killing ebvpositive bcell lines ntr metabolizes cb into an alkylating agent that crosslinks dna when the cd gene or the ntr gene were transfected into two different ebvpositive bcell lines in vitro approximately of cells were killed in a prodrugdependent manner although the transfection efficiency was however severe combined immunodeficient mouse PT containing either or of ntrexpressing burkitt lymphoma jijoye cells were growth inhibited but not cured by treatment with intraperitoneal cb mgkgday for days these results suggest that the ntrcb combination induces efficient bystander killing of ebvpositive bcell lines in vitro but may not be as effective as the cdfc combination for treating bcell lymphomas in vivo | MEDAL |
this case report describes a patient who presented with severe anemia monoclonal gammopathy a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and significant weight loss these features were highly suggestive of multiple myeloma BMA was negative for myeloma on two occasions a positron emission tomography pet scan showed extensive flourodeoxyglucose uptake in the V1 tree consistent with arteritis a temporal artery biopsy established the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis gca there were no typical symptoms of gca such as HA visual disturbance or PMR the patient was treated with CS which resulted in the resolution of anemia monoclonal gammapathy and other PS | MEDAL |
technetiumm tcm v dimercaptosuccinic acid dmsa is a new tumour imaging agent which has been used to evaluate head and neck tumours it has a normal head and neck biodistribution to include the lacrimal glands nasal mucosa and the bloodpool seventyseven patients were studied of whom had a head and neck malignancy of these patients exhibited positive accumulation of radioactivity in the region of the pituitary gland and this was a constant finding in those followedup after treatment biodistribution studies in forty new zealand white rabbits confirmed PIT accumulation of tcm v dmsa the PIT gland region should be included in the normal biodistribution of tcm v dmsa | MEDAL |
the previous article examined the development of the concept of expressed emotion argued that controlled studies had successfully demonstrated the value of psychosocial intervention but demonstrated that such a therapeutic RPA had been mostly limited to the research studies themselves in the light of the demonstrable efficacy of psychosocial MI the psychiatric nursing literature is reviewed in order to establish how far nurses have capitalized on the utility of the expressed emotion concept to date in their work with schizophrenic clients and their families in addition a brief historical overview of the community psychiatric nurses cpns role with schizophrenic clients is presented which relates to current ongoing research in this area which is described in brief the research project which is funded by the DH is evaluating the outcome of teaching cpns to deliver psychosocial interventions to families caring for a schizophrenic relative at home | MEDAL |
esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide R0 of EC and adjacent malignant lymph NO is the only potentially curative treatment accurate preoperative staging and assessment of therapeutic response after neoadjuvant therapy are crucial in determining the most suitable therapy and avoiding inappropriate attempts at curative surgery computed tomography ct is recommended for initial imaging following confirmation of malignancy at pathologic analysis primarily to rule out unresectable or distant M1 disease with the advent of multidetector ct use of thin sections and MPR reformation allows more accurate staging of esophageal CA EUS us is the best modality for determining the depth of RT invasion and presence of regional lymph node involvement combined use of fineneedle aspiration and endoscopic us can improve assessment of CL node involvement positron emission tomography pet is useful for assessment of distant metastases but is not AGA for detecting and staging primary tumors pet may also be helpful in restaging after neoadjuvant therapy since it allows ID of early response to treatment and detection of interval distant metastases each imaging modality has its advantages and disadvantages therefore ct endoscopic us and pet should be considered cDNA modalities for preoperative staging and therapeutic monitoring of patients with esophageal cancer | MEDAL |
the pharmacodynamic DUE of venotropic EDC deals mainly with VR and fluid exchanges at the microvascular level three kinds of approaches can be used clinimetric measurements of cutaneous temperature thermometry skin colour chromametry and leg volume indirect PCS parameters evaluating the haemodynamic or nutritional efficacy of the MC tcpo and laser doppler capillaroscopy with digital image analysis which allows a quantification of the microvascular bed of some kinds of transcapillary exchanges and of lymphatic MC at the venous level they are also several usable techniques us duplex which allows measurements of venous diameter variations plethysmography which evaluates the compliance of the A-V system from pressurevolume curves | MEDAL |
turning difficulty is prevalent in parkinson disease pd and may lead to falls or freezing medication improves motor symptoms of pd but its effects on turning in people with pd with pdfog and without pdfog freezing of gait are unclear this T0 evaluated the effects of medication on turning in pd compared to healthy older adults controls and in pdfog compared to pdfog we assessed timedupandgo tug and inplace turns in controls and people with pd pdfog pdfog off and on medication pdfog performed worse than pdfog p in tug turn duration step count and had earlier head rotation ON hto these measures improved on medication in pdfog and pdfog p turn duration and step count improved more with medication in pdfog than pdfog p there were subtle differences in gastrocnemius and sternocleidomastoid onsets with pd off or on activating muscles earlier than controls TA gastrocnemius and SCM initial ON times were similar between pdfog and pdfog though medication improved turning turn duration and step count impairments still existed in pd on compared to controls relative to pdfog pdfog turned worse but improved more with medication potentially because pdfog were initially more impaired than pdfog or were taking higher medication dosages further treatment options may be needed to address on medication turning deficits | MEDAL |
this study examined the utility of the suicide probability scale sps by comparing results obtained with a sample of normal adolescents m years to the findings obtained in cull and gills standardization effort the present sample scored significantly higher than cull and gills normative sample in sps item subscale and total scores in addition the sps generally failed to discriminate between the present adolescent sample and cull and gills inpatient psychiatric sample moreover itemsubscale correlations obtained for the present sample often differed from those reported by cull and gill and FA of sps item scores failed to replicate cull and gills fourfactor solution findings suggest the need for caution when using the sps to assess adolescent suicide potential and underscore the need for additional research regarding the instruments tau in distinguishing between normal and suicidal adolescents | MEDAL |
podosomes are multimolecular CSK structures that coordinate the migration of tissueresident dendritic cells dcs they consist of a protrusive actinrich core and an adhesive integrinrich ring that contains adaptor proteins such as vinculin and zyxin individual podosomes are typically interconnected by a dense network of actin filaments giving rise to C1 podosome clusters the actin density in podosome clusters complicates the analysis of podosomes by LM CT here we present an optimized procedure for performing superresolution correlative light and electron microscopy srclem to study the organization of multiple proteins with respect to actin in podosome clusters at the ventral BPM of dcs we demonstrate that our procedure is suited to correlate at least three colors in superresolution airyscan microscopy with SEM microscopy sem using this procedure we first reveal an intriguing complexity in the organization of ventral and radiating AFs in clusters formed by dcs which was not properly detected before by CS microscopy CT next we demonstrate a differential organization of vinculin and zyxin with respect to the AFs at podosomes while vinculin mostly resides at sites where the actin filaments connect to the CM zyxin is primarily associated with filaments close to and on top of the core finally we reveal a novel actinbased structure with sem that connects closely associated podosome cores and which may be important for podosome topography sensing interestingly these interpodosomal connections in contrast to the radiating and ventral AFs appear to be insensitive to inhibition of actin polymerization suggesting that these pools of actin are not dynamically coupled together our work demonstrates the SP of correlating different imaging modalities for studying multimolecular cellular structures and could potentially be further exploited to T0 processes at the VP plasma membrane of immune cells such as clathrinmediated endocytosis or immune synapse formation | MEDAL |
this paper presents the scheme to select alternative flaps limited to the region of the ipsilateral thigh when the perforator of the ALT flap is not feasible total of consecutive microsurgery cases using ALT perforator flap was reviewed from march of to january of total of cases used a contingent flap due to anatomical and technical complications of the AL thigh perforator the alternatives were skin perforator flaps adjacent to the initial flap cases of upper anterolateral thigh flap cases of AM thigh flap vastus lateralis muscle flap with skin VG cases and ALT flap as septocutaneous flap without a prominent perforator on the septum cases all flaps survived and provided coverage as planned but one case using septocutaneous flap without a prominent perforator was noted with partial CN adjacent flaps around the AL thigh perforator flap may provide useful alternative flaps in cases of failed elevation limiting the contingent AA flap to this region may reduce further donor site morbidity and still provide an adequate flap for reconstruction | MEDAL |
the negative influence of TS on the course of BA is complex and includes direct toxic effects on the epithelium of the respiratory tract it is estimated that in developed countries approximately percent of AD asthmatics are tobacco smokers knowledge of the scale of the habit may considerably contribute to the optimization of effective prohealth activity the aim of this T0 was to analyze the occurrence of tobacco smoking among patients with the respiratory system disease | MEDAL |
quaternary benzocphenanthridine alkaloids qbas sanguinarine and chelerythrine exert a plethora of biological activities nevertheless the TPS cellular target for these alkaloids within the cell was not identified as far several literary data indicate that biological effects of qbas could be associated with Ah receptor ahr signaling pathway including cytochrome p cypa however available information are controversial in this work we analyzed the effects of sanguinarine and chelerythrine on ahr activity in rat hepatoma cells hiieluc stably transfected with dioxin responsive element fused to luciferase gene dreluc studied qbas were tested in submicromolar concentration range microm and in incubation times and h transcriptional activity of ahr was monitored by chemiluminiscence measurement of luciferase catalytic activity sanguinarine and chelerythrine did not activated ahr irosis than healthy subjects tnfalpha enhances BR via stimulating osteoclast OD and activity as well as bone formation on the other hand il is also a potent stimulator of BR moreover increased production of TNF and il has been found in postmenopausal women with OP several lines of evidence support our hypothesis higher value of il was recorded in children with idiopathic OP than in HCs tnfalpha KO do not lose bone OVX polymorphism of tnfrsfb gene which encodes kd tnf receptor is associated with bmd treatment with antitnfalpha antibody exert beneficial effect on bone metabolism in patients with rheumatoid ICA and finally raloxifene inhibit osteoclast activity by reducing tnfalpha and il synthesis however our hypothesis raised number of questions are increased SS concentrations of TNF and il mirrored by increased concentrations of these cytokines on the local level furthermore could other cytokines relevant in the pathogenesis of the psoriasis first of all ifngamma modulate the risk of OP thus a C1 prospective casecontrol T0 with the data on bmd PSA parameters of bone turnover and fractures have to be done to test our hypothesis | MEDAL |
human tcell leukaemia virus type i htlvi tax protein increases the dna binding of many cellular transcription factors that contain a basic regionleucine zipper bzip dnabinding domain bzip domains comprise a leucinerich dimerization motif and a basic region that mediates dna contact how tax recognizes diverse bzips is not understood here we show that no specific sequence of the leucine zipper is required for a tax response in contrast the basic region is essential for the taxmediated dnabinding increase which can be eliminated by single substitutions of several conserved amino acids surprisingly tax alters the relative affinity of a bzip for different dna binding CS thus through recognition of the conserved basic region tax increases dna IB and modifies dna site selection tax provides a model for how a single auxiliary factor can regulate multiple sequencespecific dnabinding proteins | MEDAL |
recent studies of visual processing in the cat have shown stimulusrelated oscillations in the to hz range we sought to replicate these findings in the monkey we recorded multiunit activity mua and local field potentials lfp in areas v and middletemporal area mt and mua from the IT SC it of monkeys macaca fuscata recordings in all areas were made under conditions of anesthesia as close as possible to those in previous studies of oscillating responses in the cat in addition we recorded mua in the it of behaving monkeys while the monkeys performed a face discrimination task in Az v and mt lfp PS showed broadband increases hz in amplitude on stimulation by swept optimally oriented CS bars and not a shift in SP from low to MF as has been reported in the cat mua autocorrelograms acgs classified by fitting gabor functions showed oscillations at approximately of recording sites in v and mt but these oscillations were in the alpha range hz mua acgs from it in the anesthetized monkey showed no oscillations for mua acgs from it in the behaving monkey only two recording sites out of showed an oscillating response with frequencies of and hz one oscillating response was associated with stimulation and the other was associated with the absence of stimulation the very low incidence in the monkey of oscillating responses in the to hz range in recordings made at recording sites and the absence of stimulus dependence suggest that such oscillations are unlikely to serve a CF in the monkey and that there may be a species difference between monkey and cat in the dynamics of neural activity in the visual SC we found that methods of classifying responses as oscillating used in some of the studies of the cat may have led to overestimation of both the number of sites showing onity kd approximately nm dmp had times higher density of IB sites than the cm the recognition properties of dmp receptors were similar to those on the cm and reduced sulfhydryl CG were required for the IB activity the action of NT on the +dP/dt of the canine small intestine therefore appears to be through a direct action on the circular smooth muscle and through the prejunctional action on the dmp neurons through distinct receptors thiol CG in the neurotensin receptors may be important for the receptor CF | MEDAL |
infection associated with medical devices is one of the most frequent complications of modern medical biomaterials bacteria have a strong ability to attach on solid surfaces forming colonies and subsequently biofilms in this work a novel antibacterial bulk material was prepared through combining polydimethyl siloxane pdms with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic antibiotics wt SEM microscopy water contact angle and uvvis spectrophotometer were used to measure the changes of surface topography wettability and optical transmission for both GS gs and triclosan tca the optical transmission of the pdmsgs and pdmstca blend films was higher than drug release studies showed initial rapid PR and later sustained PR of gs or tca under aqueous physiological conditions the blend films demonstrated excellent bactericidal and sufficient biofilm inhibition functions against GP bacteria staphylococcus aureus s aureus measured by livedead bacterial viability kit IF method kirbybauer method showed that there was obvious zone of inhibition mm cytocompatibility assessment against human lens epithelial cells hlecs revealed that the pdmsgs blend films had good cytocompatibility however the pdmstca blend films showed certain cytotoxicity against hlecs the pdms wt gs blend films were compared to native pdms in the rabbit subcutaneous s aureus infection MM the blend films yielded a significantly lower degree of infection than native pdms at day the achievement of the pdmsdrug bulk materials with high LT excellent bactericidal function and good cytocompatibility can potentially be widely used as biooptical materials | MEDAL |
abdominoplasty is one of the most frequently performed procedures in plastic surgery the impact of deep VT and pulmonary embolism T3 this T0 is well described and is a feared complication most plastic surgeons recommend the use of compression garment T3 this procedure the purpose of this study was to evaluate the venous changes at the common femoral vein induced by the use compression garments | MEDAL |
we have reported the use of a retroviral vector to introduce the LD lipoprotein ldl receptor gene into receptordeficient watanabe heritable HL whhl rb fibroblasts miyanohara a m f sharkey d steinberg j l witztum and t friedmann proc natl acad sci usa because the cdna for the ldl receptor did not contain the sterol regulatory element that confers sterolmediated inhibition of ldl receptor transcription we did not anticipate that ldl receptor activity transduced by this vector would be sterolresponsive however we now demonstrate sterolmediated downregulation of receptor protein in the infected cells by a mechanism that appears to be mediated at a posttranscriptional level downregulation of ldl receptor activity occurred when INF whhl cells were preincubated with either ldl or cholesterol plus hydroxycholesterol identically organized vectors bearing cdnas encoding irrelevant genes such as firefly luciferase or bacterial betagalactosidase exhibited no sterol regulation of reporter gene activity insulin receptor activity in whhl fibroblasts and in whhl fibroblasts infected with the ldl receptor retroviral vector was also unchanged by sterol transfection of ldl receptordeficient chinese hamster ovary cho cells with a nonretroviral vector containing the same ldl receptor cdna also resulted in sterol responsiveness of the transduced ldl receptor these experiments suggest that the effect of sterol was TPS for the ldl receptor transcript Tg ldl receptor mrna levels from the INF cells were unaffected by sterol indicating that the sterolmediated reduction in ldl receptor activity did not result from alterations in Css mrna levels these data suggest the existence of posttranscriptional level mechanisms that are responsible for sterol regulation of expression of the transduced LDLR | MEDAL |
among patients homozygous for gaa expansion within the x gene from families had friedreichs ataxia with retained reflexes in the lower limbs farr these patients had a lower occurrence of decreased vibration sense pes cavus and echocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy than the fa patients with areflexia the mean AAO was significantly later vs years and the mean size of the smaller S2 was significantly less vs gaa triplets in farr patients the neurophysiological findings were consistent with milder peripheral neuropathy and milder impairment of the somatosensory pathways in farr patients | MEDAL |
adrenal medullas in dayold rats of the nonoperated no group n the shamoperated spx group n and the pinealectomized px group n were examined electron microscopically days T3 surgery cell profiles showing solitarily and sparsely distributed rough endoplasmic reticulum rer were most frequent in the px group daily mean less in the no and least in the spx in adrenaline a cells chi test p less than while most frequent in the no group less in the px and least in the spx p less than in noradrenaline n cells individual R2 was less in a cells than in n cells cell profiles showing a C1 accumulation of rer was more frequent in a cells no spx px than in n cells no spx px controls p less than sham pinealectomy increased a C1 accumulation of rer in a cells p less than and a small aggregation of rer in n cells p less than with opposite effects of PX p less than p less than pinealectomy decreased a small aggregation of rer without effects of sham pinealectomy in a cells p less than | MEDAL |
carbonic anhydrases cas ec are wide spread enzymes present in mammals in at least different isoforms some of these isozymes are cytosolic ca i ca ii ca iii ca vii while others are membranebound ca iv ca ix ca xii and ca xiv ca v is mitochondrial and ca vi is secreted in the saliva three acatalytic forms are also known carp viii carp x and carp xi several important physiological and physiopathological functions are played by many ca isozymes which are strongly inhibited by aromatic and heterocyclic ies ros LF is a potent photoinducible generator of ros with the potential to damage proteins lipids and dna retinal cell dysfunction may be strongly associated with photoreactivity of lipofuscin and may contribute to agerelated disease and vision loss | MEDAL |
the natriuretic peptide np family includes atrial natriuretic peptide anp btype natriuretic peptide ctype natriuretic peptide and their receptors npra nprb and nprc the effects exerted by this hormonal system in the control of cardiovascular renal and endocrine functions have been extensively investigated moreover the involvement of np in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated among the np components nprc has been described at the time of its discovery as the clearance receptor of np devoid of any physiological functions emerging roles of nprc however have been highlighted over the last few years in relation to its effects on thexerted by both hydrogen peroxide and doxorubicin in addition perk knockdown sensitized doxorubicinresistant cancer cells to oxidative AS in conclusion perk inhibition using sorafenib with or without doxorubicin might be a promising therapeutic RPA for doxorubicinresistant cancers retaining high phosphorylation levels of eifalpha | MEDAL |
the morphology of the rolandic spike the trough between the rolandic spike and the following slow wave and of the slow wave itself was quantitatively studied in children classified into five clinical groups a functional with epilepsy benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes bect with OP seizures or b bect with unilateral or generalized seizures or c functional without epilepsy and d organic with or e without epilepsy the morphologic features of the rolandic spikeandwave complex were MZ in the five clinical categories thus a quantitative description of the rolandic SW complex can be given that is valid for the children of the present study although they represent a heterogeneity of associated clinical syndromes the rolandic spike appeared to be not a spike but a sharp wave with a mean duration of ms in contrast to the opinion of several investigators the morphology of the rolandic spike does not provide a clue to its epileptogenicity or to the presence or absence of an organic CBF lesion in the individual child in clinical practice additional information background activity of the eeg computed tomography ct scan or magnetic resonance imaging mri of the brain is needed to determine the significance of rolandic spikes occurring in the eeg of a child with respect to the probability of a cerebral lesion and the prognosis in relation to ES | MEDAL |
in the bay of fundy new brunswick sea lice outbreaks in caged salmon are treated with pesticides including salmosan® applied as bath treatments and then released into the surrounding seawater the effect of chronic SE to low concentrations of this pesticide on neighboring lobster populations is a concern AD male lobsters were exposed to ngl of azamethiphos ai in salmosan® formulation continuously for days in addition to the direct effects of pesticide exposure effects on the ability to cope with shipping conditions and the persistence of the effects after a h depuration period in clean seawater were assessed indicators of stress and hypoxia serum total proteins hemocyanin and lactate oxidative damage protein carbonyls in gills and SS and altered SE allocation hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indices hepatopancreas lipids were assessed in addition to neurotoxicity chlolinesterase activity in muscle directly after exposure azamethiphostreated lobsters had inhibition of muscle cholinesterase reduced gonadosomatic index and enhanced hepatosomatic index and hepatopancreas lipid content all these responses persisted after h depuration increasing the risk of cumulative impacts with further SE to chemical or nonchemical stressors in both control and treated lobsters exposed to simulated shipment conditions concentrations of protein and lactate in serum and protein carbonyls in gills increased however mortality rate was higher in azamethiphostreated lobsters ± than in controls ± shipment and azamethiphos had cumulative impacts on serum proteins both direct effects on neurological CF and energy allocation and indirect effect on ability to cope with shipping AS could have significant impacts on lobster population andor fisheries | MEDAL |
intraoral surgical procedures produce scar tissue formation that may limit mandibular opening many procedures have been developed to release these scar contractures but most lead to further scar formation and greater limitation in opening the purpose of this article to describe a technique with the use of an intraoperatively fabricated selfcuring acrylic bite block combined with aggressive physical therapy in the management of this difficult clinical problem | MEDAL |
a general NP test battery was assembled and individually given to a subject sample aged years old the battery included some basic and common tests routinely used in the evaluation of language memory spatial abilities concept formation and praxic abilities twentyfive different scores were calculated a factor analysis with varimax rotation disclosed nine different factors accounting for about of the variance factor i was measured by a sequential verbal memory test and VF subtests verbal factor factor ii was measured by the WMS visual memory subtests immediate and delayed reproduction and the reyosterrieth complex figure copy and immediate reproduction nonverbal SM and constructional factor factor iii was measured by the wms logical memory subtests immediate and delayed verbal memory factor factor iv was associated with fine movements tapping subtests right and left hand fine movements factor FV was specially measured by the information subtest of the wms and the boston naming test verbal knowledge factor vi represented a praxic ability factor ideomotor praxis tests delayed associative learning subtest measured factor vii and digits measured factor viii factor ix was a mental control factor mental control subtest of the wechsler memory scale the implications of these results to theories relating to the structure of cognitive activity are discussed | MEDAL |
verapamil and NAP parallel artificial membrane permeability assay pampa permeability was studied using lipids not yet reported for this MM in order to facilitate the quantification of drug permeability these lipids are distearoylsnglycerophosphatidylcholine dspc DMPC dmpc and an equimolar mixture of dmpcdspc both in the absence and in the presence of mol of cholesterol pampa drug permeability using the lipids mentioned above was compared with lecithinpc the results show that verapamil permeability depends on the kind of lipid used in the order dmpc dmpcdspc dspc the permeability of the drugs was between and times larger than those obtained in lecithinpc for all the concentrations of the drug used NAP shows similar permeability than verapamil however the permeability increased with respect to lecithinpc only when dmpc and dmpcdspc were used this behavior could be explained by a difference between the drug net charge at ph on the other hand in the presence of cholesterol verapamil permeability increases in all lipid systems however the relative verapamil permeability respect to lecithinpc did not show any significant increase this result is likely due to the promoting effect of cholesterol which is not able to compensate for the large increase in verapamil permeability observed in lecithinpc with respect to NAP its permeability value and relative permeability respect lecithinpc not always increased in the presence of cholesterol this result is probably attributed to the negative charge of NAP rather than its molecular weight the lipid systems studied have an advantage in drug permeability quantification which is mainly related to the charge of the molecule and not to its molecular weight or to cholesterol used as an absorption promoter | MEDAL |
gsh plays an important role in cellular defense against a wide variety of toxic electrophiles via the formation of thioether conjugates we studied the role of gsh in murine tumor cell defense against a novel class of sulfhydrylreactive antineoplastics the SLs sl incubation of p mastocytoma cells with any of the four sl tested vernolepin helenalin elephantopin and eriofertopin for h resulted in depletion of gsh the importance of gsh resynthesis upon SE of tumor cells to sl was evaluated with the use of buthionine sulfoximine bso a selective nontoxic inhibitor of gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase inhibition of gsh synthesis with mm bso markedly enhanced slmediated cytolysis of four murine tumor cell lines a to fold reduction in the amount of sl causing lysis was obtained with bso addition of bso to pcells either during or immediately after a h pulse with microgramsml of vernolepin increased cytolysis from less than to however a h delay in the addition of bso to such cells which allowed for substantial resynthesis of gsh reduced cytolysis to REC of gsh synthetic capacity T3 bso treatment correlated with loss of the synergistic effect of bso on lysis by vernolepin bso did not augment cytolysis by six other antineoplastics doxorubicin MMC c vinblastine CA maytansine and bischloroethylnitrosourea bcnu of these only bcnu depleted cellular gsh lysis by jatrophone another gshdepleting antitumor agent was increased fold by bso since prolonged incubation with bso CT results in nearcomplete gsh depletion without loss of cell viability slmediated cytolysis is probably not a result of gsh depletion we have demonstrated however a critical role for gsh synthetic capacity as a determinant of tumor cell susceptibility to cytolysis by sl gsh also plays an important role in cellular defense against oxidative injury vernolepin acting as a gshdepleting agent markedly sensitized tumor cells to lysis by ho greater than fold increase with microgramsml of vernolepin these findings suggest the possibility that the coordinated deployment of sulfhydrylreactive antitumor agents bso and oxidative injury might constitute an effective chemotherapeutic strategy | MEDAL |
tumour cell growth may be accelerated by protein kinase c pkc agonists such as phorbol esters and receptor tyrosine kinases but receptor IMT kinases are in turn desensitized to growth AF by pkc agonists to clarify this apparent pkc bifunctionality we have used phosphoantibodies to determine the relationship between pkcdependent phosphorylation events affecting the erbb oncoprotein in gdhfr t cells neither the kinetics nor the extent of phorbolinduced juxtamembrane domain thr phosphorylation vary directly with CT tyr dephosphorylation with tyr continuing to be dephosphorylated long T3 thr phosphorylation has also declined plateletderived growth factor pdgf mimics the ST effects of phorbol on thr and tyr phosphorylation and confocal microscopy reveals that both of these pkc agonists induce rapid internalization of pkcmodified erbb phorbol causes sustained cytoplasmic accumulation of pkcphosphorylated receptors however whereas pdgf triggers the appearance of this erbb subset only briefly metabolic labelling and coprecipitation studies fail to implicate rat molecules in either the IMT dephosphorylation or internalization of pkcmodified erbb taken in the context of earlier juxtamembrane domain mutagenesis studies these findings indicate that phorbolactivated pkc may desensitize growth factor receptors to extracellular ligands solely by triggering sustained receptor internalization we submit that pkcdependent JM domain phosphorylation represents a physiological mechanism for shortening the duration and enhancing the specificity of growth factor signalling by promoting internalization of liganded and unliganded receptors respectively | MEDAL |
previous observations showing that basal heat production rates and glucose metabolism were reduced in mdx mouse skeletal muscles incubated in vitro led us to T0 the components of total energy expenditure by opencircuit IC in the intact freemoving mdx mouse our purpose was to verify if the mdx mouse exhibited wholebody alterations in energy metabolism the results revealed that total and basal SE expenditure as well as SA energetic cost of activity and therefore energy expended in relation to activity were not significantly different in cb control and in dystrophic mdx mice in contrast the TEF was larger in mdx than in control mice and was accompanied by significant differences in PP gl and lipid oxidation the present in vivo study could not show a direct demonstration that impaired gl metabolism by skeletal muscles participated in this phenomenon however since postprandial glucose metabolism by skeletal muscles contributes a significant part of the thermic effect of food the present data are in line with previous studies in vitro that show that mdx mouse skeletal muscles probably suffer an impaired control of their SE metabolism | MEDAL |
infant mortality among us black and white twins and singletons was compared for and using the linked birthinfant death data sets from the national center for health statistics both twin and singleton infant mortality rates showed impressive declines since but almost all of the improvement in survival for both twins and singletons was related to increased birth weightspecific survival rather than improved birth weight CSD onehalf of white twins and twothirds of black twins weighed less than g at birth and of white twin births and of black twin births were in the very low less than g birth weight category in twin IM rates were still four to five times that of singletons however twins had a survival advantage in the g range which persisted after adjustment for gestational age causespecific mortality among twins was considerably higher for every major cause of death twin mortality risks due to newborn respiratory disease maternal causes neonatal hemorrhage and short gestationlow birth weight were six to times that of singletons the lowest twintosingleton mortality ratios observed were for congenital anomalies and sudden infant death syndrome with relative risks twice that of singletons the data underscore the need to develop ERP strategies to decrease infant mortality among twins | MEDAL |
although it has been suggested that vasopressin vp acts within the CNS system to modulate autonomic cardiovascular controls the mechanisms involved are not understood using nonpeptide selective va vb and v antagonists in conscious rats we assessed the roles of CE vp receptors under basal conditions after the central application of exogenous vp and T3 immobilization on cardiovascular shortterm variability equidistant sampling of blood pressure bp and HR rate hr at hz allowed direct spectral analysis in verylow frequency vlfbp lowfrequency lfbp and highfrequency hfbp blood pressure domains the effect of vp antagonists and of exogenous vp on body temperature tb was also investigated under basal conditions va antagonist increased hfbp and tb and this was prevented by metamizol vb antagonist enhanced hfbp without affecting tb and v antagonist increased vlfbp variability which could be prevented by quinapril immobilization increased bp lfbp hfbp and hfhr variability va antagonist prevented bp and hr R2 changes induced by immobilization and potentiated ART vb antagonist prevented bp but not hr R2 changes whereas v antagonist had no effect exogenous vp increased systolic arterial pressure sap and hfsap variability and this was prevented by va and vb but not v antagonist i.c.v. our results suggest that under basal conditions vp by stimulation of va vb and cognate v receptors buffers bp R2 mostly due to thermoregulation immobilization and exogenous vp by stimulation of va or vb but not v receptors increases bp variability revealing cardiorespiratory adjustment to AS and respiratory stimulation respectively | MEDAL |
campdependent protein kinase pka and protein kinase c pkc are two L1 modulators of synaptic transmission in the cns but little is known about how they affect synaptic transmission in the human cns in this study we used forskolin a pka activator and PDBu a pkc activator to examine the effects of these kinases on synaptic transmission in granule cells of the DG in human HPC slices using wholecell recording methods we found that both forskolin and PDBu increased the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory PSCs sepscs and mepscs but left the amplitude unaffected inactive forskolin and PDBu had no effect on sepscs in human dentate granule cells prior application of forskolin occluded the effects of PDBu on mepsc frequency TS applied to the perforant path induced ST depression in dentate gyrus granule cells both forskolin and PDBu significantly enhanced this ST depression taken together these results demonstrate that pka and pkc are involved in upregulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in human dentate granule cells primarily by presynaptic mechanisms in addition the occlusion experiments suggest that the two kinases may share a common signal pathway | MEDAL |
dna polymerases from imr human diploid fibroblasts at various passage levels and from hela cells were purified and fractionated into alpha alpha alpha beta and gamma species and subspecies and than the accuracy with which each one copied synthetic templateprimers was measured in the presence of mn or mg all activities from fibroblasts of later population doubling C2 incorporated noncomplementary triphosphates more frequently than did the same polymerase type from earlier population doubling levels hela polymerase activities copied several different templates in the presence of mn with greater fidelity than enzymes from fibroblasts of population doubling level or greater the total dna polymerase activity extracted from imr cells decreased with increasing population doubling C2 the alphapolymerase activity generally declined with increasing population doubling C2 while betapolymerase activity remained relatively constant except at the very end of the cellular replicative life span in addition the amounts of alpha and alpha became progressively lower relative to alpha and a new alphatype polymerase activity alpha appeared upon diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography hela cells also contained three alpha species though two of them eluted from diethylam host defenses might be operative in the high incidence of pneumonia observed an experimental model for IA abscess was created using cecal ligation in the rat animals with an ABD PA had a marked depression of their ability to clear e coli and PA that were injected into the airway macrophages from infected animals did not differ in quantity or viability when compared with those in control animals the ability to ingest bacteria appeared to be normal or enhanced in infected animals but there was a significant decrease in the ability of the macrophage to kill the ingested organisms such macrophage defects may be partially responsible for the INF animals inability to clear bacteria in a normal manner | MEDAL |
a considerable fraction of TA express two distinct t cell receptors tcr mainly due to expression of two tcr alpha chains it has been suggested that such dualtcr cells could have a role in autoimmunity however as such cells express less of each tcr they could be less sensitive to their physiological ligand ie peptide plus major H-2 complex molecules mhc we tested this hypothesis in a transgenic tcr MM in which most t cells express different amounts of the transgeneencoded tcr due to expression of endogenous tcr alpha chains five th clones derived from lambda immunoglobulin light chainspecific tcrtransgenic mice expressed different C2 of the transgeneencoded tcr ranging from approximately to approximately tcr per cell cytosolic ca mobilization in single TA from these clones elicited by lambda peptidepulsed iedexpressing antigenpresenting cells correlated linearly with the relative transgeneencoded tcr expression the peptide requirement for halfmaximal t cell proliferation showed a similar correlation with low tcr C2 requiring higher peptide concentration corroborative evidence was obtained by deployment of ST polyclonal cd lines from tcrtransgenic mice such lines had reduced early ca mobilization and late lymphokine and proliferation responses compared with t cell lines from recombinationdeficient tcrtransgenic severe CID mice which express only a single transgeneencoded tcr taken together the ca responses increase gradually with increasing tcr expression per cell similar to the previously described analog ca signaling elicited by increasing amounts of pMHC røtnes et al eur j immunol surprisingly small reductions in tcr expression per cell reduce t cell responsiveness this suggests that dualtcr t cells are immunologically less effective than singletcr t cells | MEDAL |
we measured the magnetization transfer MTR in VWM lesions of binswangers disease bd and compared them with bd and with similarappearing changes in nondemented elderly subjects and cerebral infarction four subject CG were studied patients with bd and PV hyperintensity pvh on mri patients with ICM cerebrovascular event with pvh but no PSD patients with old cerebral infarction and elderly control subjects MTR were calculated for areas of pvh in bd and ND subjects of infarction and of normalappearing VWM in controls the decrease in mt ratios for Az in pvh of nondemented subjects and bd and in infarction compared with normal white matter in controls was and respectively the mt ratio in pvh of bd was significantly lower than that in pvh of nondemented subjects but not to the C2 seen in areas of infarction there was a significant high correlation between the minimental state examination score and mt ratio for area of pvh r mt ratio distinguishes pvh in bd patients from those in nondemented subjects suggesting underlying histopathological differences tissue damage in VWM lesions of bd may be more severe than that in ND subjects but not as much as with complete infarction | MEDAL |
it has been hypothesized that endurance training reduces carbohydrate utilization during exercise via citratemediated inhibition of phosphofructokinase pfk to test this hypothesis vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were obtained from eight men before and immediately approximately s after h of cycle ergometer exercise at of pretraining peak VO2 both before and T3 wk of endurance exercise training dayswk running dayswk interval cycling training increased muscle citrate synthase cs activity from se to molhkg protein and decreased the mean RER during exercise from to both p muscle citrate concentration at the end of exercise correlated significantly with cs activity r p and was slightly but not significantly higher T3 training vs mmolkg dry wt p muscle gl phosphate gp concentration at the end of exercise however was lower in the train and cardiomyopathy was investigated in type vi glycogenosis the cdna of CL phosphorylase was cloned which will be useful for delineating the molecular defect involved in the disease and family analysis in type viii glycogenosis phosphorylase kinase deficiency only subunits of muscle type alpha beta gamma delta were cloned and clonings of hepatic type subunits were waited in the near feature hepatic glycogen storage disease and glycogen metabolism were reevaluated from the points of molecular defects | MEDAL |
using a novel technique combining immunohistochemistry and in vitro quantitative ARG we were able simultaneously to localize and quantitate cyclic guanosine monophosphate cgmpimmunoreactive IB in adult rat cerebellum the cgmpimmunoreactive IB was predominantly detected in the molecular SL of the cerebellum under both basal and nmethyldaspartatestimulated conditions nmethyldaspartate significantly increased the cgmp binding density in the molecular layer this increased cgmp level was dosedependently and significantly inhibited by the inhalational anesthetics HAL and ISO this increased cgmp level was also significantly inhibited by L-NOARG methyl ester an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases larginine the substrate of nitric oxide synthase reversed the inhibition by lngnitroarginine methyl ester on the cgmp increase this novel combination of immunohistochemistry and quantitative autoradiography may be used to localize and quantitate simultaneously cgmp or other substances in animal tissues our data also confirm that nitric oxide is involved in the stimulation of cgmp formation by nmethyldaspartate halothane and isoflurane inhibit the nitric oxideguanylyl cyclase signaling pathway G1 by the excitatory amino acid nmethyldaspartate in the BB which may be a component of the mechanisms by which these two inhalational anesthetics produce their anesthetic effects | MEDAL |
hereditary hemochromatosis hh is an AR iron overload disorder that affects more than one million americans this underdiagnosed disorder is associated with high morbidity and mortality which can be prevented with early identification and treatment a dna test that can identify asymptomatic atrisk individuals before biochemical indicators are positive is available commercially nurses need current knowledge about hh for two main reasons to ensure that atrisk individuals receive comprehensive information before genetic testing and to play a significant role in preventing chronic morbidity and premature death caused by hh | MEDAL |
mastitis caused by the colourless alga prototheca zopfii was diagnosed in of cows in a dairy herd infection occurred in animals varying from years old and was present in one to four quarters of each cow nine cases were associated with clinical mastitis characterised by the presence in milk of flakes or small clots somatic cell counts consistent with subclinical mastitis x cellsml were recorded in five of the eight remaining cows histological examination of udder tissue showed the presence of granulomatous lesions associated with the presence of prototheca the problem was identified and controlled by repeated microbiological examination of milk samples from all lactating cows and immediate culling of infected animals p zopfii was also recovered from environmental water samples on this farm it is suggested that infection may have occurred as a result of teat sores caused by trauma from a milking machine and the tendency for cows to lay down on a race the surface of which was sometimes flooded by drain water in which prototheca were present | MEDAL |
we report the case of a yearold woman with effort angina dyspnea and a septal mass causing atrioventricular block treated with pacemaker implantation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction induced by septal mass protrusion into left ventricular cavity | MEDAL |
the small subunit ribosomal rna ssu rrna genes of hippoboscid ornithoica vicina walker and tabanid chrysops niger macquart diptera were sequenced to determine their phylogenetic position within the order and to determine whether or not extensive hypervariable regions in this gene are widespread in the diptera a parsimony analysis of an alignment containing dipteran sequences produced a single most parsimonious tree that placed o vicina as sister group to Dm meigen the tabanid chrysops niger was sister group to the asilomorphan taxa and the sister group to the brachycera was a tipula sp although this relationship was not supported by bootstrap analysis the hippoboscid and tabanid sequences contain extensive HV regions in the v v v and v regions as do other diptera when these regions of the alignment were excluded from the phylogenetic analysis a single most parsimonious tree was found this tree had an MZ overall topology to the tree obtained from the total data set the HV regions in parts of the dipteran ssu rrna genes were more extensive in the nematocerous dipteran sequences used in this T0 than in the other dipteran representatives these hypervariable regions may be of more utility in inferring relationship among species and subspecies than at the suprageneric level | MEDAL |
the escherichia coli HS enterotoxin st or sta binds to specific receptors on rat intestinal brush border CM and stimulates guanylate cyclase in those membranes we have found a similar ST system in brush border membranes prepared from kidney cortex of the american opossum didelphis virginiana and in a cell line ok cell derived from that tissue activation of guanylate cyclase by st is therefore not limited to intestinal cells furthermore since it is unlikely that st which is produced in the intestinal lumen would have access to kidney receptors this suggests the existence of an endogenous peptide resembling st at least in marsupials | MEDAL |
neuronal degradation accompanied with axonal degeneration has been known to occur in spinal motor neurons after an upper level of spinal cord lesion in the present T0 the PET integrity of NMT was assessed by utilizing a sensitive EDX method comprising of stimulated singlefiber electromyography sfemg along with axonal microstimulation in paralytic muscles of patients with spinal cord injury sci NM jitter was measured in anterior tibial muscles for patients with sci and also for NCs mean jitter of mean sd micros as obtained in sci patients was found to be significantly greater than the results of micros in NCs p jitter measurement was not significantly different in varied functional scales of sci a positive rho was noted between the increased jitter and the disease duration from the onset of cord lesion till the time of stimulated sfemg test r p the present abnormal finding of NM jitter provides an electrophysiologic evidence for axonal degeneration and suggests that transsynaptic degeneration of motor neuron may occur below the level of cord lesion in sci patients furthermore the neuronal degradation in sci was positively correlated with the course duration of the disease | MEDAL |
six different immunisation regimes have been used to generate SP cells with CR against human pancreatic exocrine CA immunised SP cells were fused with an nso myeloma line and supernatants from these hybridomas selectively screened for monoclonal antibodies which bound predominantly to a pancreatic CA cell line ger the spleen cells from hairy litter mates immunised with pancreatic CA xenograft homogenates and viable ger cells generated of hybridoma supernatants which showed some selectivity for ger pancreatic cancer cells in a fixed cell elisa CA the other methods produced only of hybrids with selectivity for ger cells the antigen CSD on gluteraldehyde fixed cells was similar to that found for viable cell monolayers but many antigens were unstable on formalin fixation immunohistochemical IF of ger cells grown on glass slides showed a heterogeneity of antigen distribution with up to of the cells exhibiting a vesicular pattern of staining fifty percent of the antibodies which bound to ger cells were also reactive against antigens in formalinfixed PET sections of the original ger tumour monoclonal antibody dde identified an antigen expressed on pancreatic adenocarcinomas the antibody showed strong IF of malignant luminal CM and cytoplasm the antigen was also present in normal salivary and sweat glands and colon and breast carcinomas but its tissue CSD was unlike that of cea or ema the expression of this antigen in of pancreatic carcinomas suggests that dde may be a useful reagent for pancreatic tumour PCD | MEDAL |
whether the C1 lungs of swimmers result from intensive training or genetic endowment has been widely debated given that peak lung growth E/A occur during puberty this T0 examined if competitive swimming during puberty affected lung growth eleven to fourteenyearold healthy female competitive swimmers and controls were assessed before pre and T3 post one swimming season ± months pulmonary function testing included lung volumes spirometry diffusion capacity d | MEDAL |
atg beclin in mammals is a core component of the vps complex that is required for autophagy beclin becn functions as a RT suppressor and becn tumors in mice possess elevated cell AS and p C2 altered nfκb signaling and genome instability the tumor suppressor function of becn has been attributed to its role in autophagy and the potential functions of atgbecn in other vesinnects the IA portion of the umbilical vein iuv directly to the IVC such that oxygenated blood can bypass the liver and flow directly to the fetal heart in the current work we have developed a mathematical model to assist the clinical assessment of volumetric flow rate at the inlet of the ductus venosus with a robust estimate of the velocity profile shape coefficient vc the volumetric flow rate may be estimated as the product of the timeaveraged crosssectional area the timeaveraged crosssectional maximum velocity and the vc the time average quantities may be obtained from doppler ultrasound measurements whereas the vc may be estimated from numerical simulations the mathematical model employs a d fluid structure interaction model of the bifurcation formed by the iuv the DV and the left portal vein furthermore the amniotic portion of the umbilical vein the RA CL lobe and the IVC were incorporated as lumped model boundary conditions for the fluid structure interaction MM a hyperelastic material is used to MM the structural response of the vessel walls based on recently available exp data for the human iuv and ductus A-V a parametric T0 was constructed to investigate the vc at the DV inlet based on a REF case for a human fetus at weeks of gestation the vc was found to be formula see text mean formula see text sd of parametric case T0 which confirms previous studies in the literature on the vc at the ductus venosus inlet additionally cfd simulations with rigid walls were performed on a subsection of the parametric case T0 and only minor changes in the predicted vcs were observed compared to the fsi cases in conclusion the presented mathematical model is a promising tool for the assessment of DV doppler velocimetry | MEDAL |
a lead discovery library and a followup focused library of alphaacylaminoketones were designed based on known dibenzoylhydrazine ecdysone agonists including gstme the EDC were assayed in mammalian cells expressing the ecdysone receptor from bombyx mori for their ability to cause expression of a reporter gene downstream of an ecdysone response PE the most potent alphaacylaminoketones were comparable to gstme in this assay | MEDAL |
human herpes simplex virus type hsv and varicellazoster virus vzv were isolated in the BL trigeminal ganglia of human cadavers with no history of herpesrelated symptoms within days of death sixteen trigeminal ganglia were subjected to explant SC by using vero cells but no cytopathogenic effects cpe were observed however when another eight TG were placed in a cell strainer and kept from direct contact with vero cells during culture cpe were clearly apparent in all cultures the amount of dna in the SNs of trigeminal ganglia decreased over time and of these samples were pcrpositive for hsv and vzv respectively in new vero cells inoculated with supernatants collected days after culture initiation immunofluorescence staining revealed hsv and vzv in and of trigeminal ganglia respectively hsv and vzv dna was detected in S9 collected and days T3 SC initiation and in vero cells collected T3 SC completion but realtime pcr revealed the dna amounts decreased over time there was less vzv dna than hsv dna these results demonstrate that infective hsv and vzv can be isolated in culture and confirm that viable hsv and vzv persist in human TG ganglia for some time after death | MEDAL |
glutaminase from the marine bacterium micrococcus luteus k micrococcus GA is a salttolerant protein which shows equivalent MICs both in the absence and the presence of m sodium chloride and is distinct from halophilic proteins which are inactivated in the absence of salt to investigate the mechanisms of the salttolerant adaptation of micrococcus glutaminase the GA and its major fragment containing about of the protein were crystallized using the hangingdrop vapourdiffusion method the GA crystals belong to space group p with unitcell parameters a b c a alpha beta gamma degrees and diffract to a resolution the fragment crystals belong to space group f with unitcell parameters a b c a alpha beta gamma degrees and diffract to a resolution data from selenomethionine semet substituted GA crystals and from semetsubstituted fragment crystals were collected to and a resolution respectively structural analyses of the GA and its fragment are currently being attempted using the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction mad phasing method | MEDAL |
little is known about cytoplasmic osmoregulatory mechanisms in plants and even less is understood about how the osmotic properties of the cytoplasm and organelles are coordinately regulated we have previously shown that arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking functional versions of the plastidlocalized mechanosensitive SAC mechanosensitive channel of small conductancelike msl and msl contain leaf epidermal plastids under hypoosmotic stress even during normal growth and OD here we use the msl msl mutant as a MM to investigate the cellular response to constitutive plastid osmotic AS under unstressed conditions msl msl seedlings exhibited several hallmarks of drought or environmental osmotic AS including solute accumulation elevated C2 of the compatible osmolyte proline pro and accumulation of the stress hormone ABA aba furthermore msl msl mutants expressed pro and aba metabolism genes in a pattern normally seen under drought or osmotic stress pro accumulation in the msl msl mutant was suppressed by conditions that reduce pt osmotic stress or inhibition of aba biosynthesis finally treatment of unstressed msl msl plants with exogenous aba elicited a much greater pro accumulation response than in the wild type similar to that observed in plants under drought or osmotic stress these results suggest that osmotic imbalance across the pt envelope can elicit a response similar to that elicited by osmotic imbalance across the BPM and provide evidence for the integration of the osmotic state of an organelle into that of the cell in which it resides | MEDAL |
in hearts with chronic left ventricular lv systolic dysfunction AA to hypertension or myocardial infarction mapk phosphorylation andor activity are increased whether other settings of lv dysfunction not associated with ischemiareperfusion are also characterized by increased mapk phosphorylation or activity is unknown T3 wk of rapid lv pacing bpm eight rabbits displayed clinical signs of HF hf and echocardiography revealed an increase in lv EDV diameter from means se to mm and a reduced shortening fraction from to both p morphological alterations in hf included increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dutp nickend labeling tunelpositive cardiomyocytes extent of fibrosis and crosssectional cardiomyocyte area TP mapk did not differ between failing and normal hearts n however p mapk phosphorylation vs arbitrary units au p densitometry and the activities of p mapkalpha and beta were increased in failing compared with normal NF and vs and au respectively both p in failing compared with normal hearts total and phosphorylated jnk and jnk mapk were increased whereas total and phosphorylated erk mapk remained unchanged in pacinginduced hf p and jnk mapk phosphorylation as well as p mapk activity was increased further studies will have to define whether or not chronic specific blockade of mapk activity can interfere with apoptosisfibrosis and thereby attenuate the progression of hf | MEDAL |
hepatocellular carcinoma hcc the most common type of primary liver cancer is a leading cause of cancerrelated death worldwide it is highly refractory to most systemic therapies recently significant progress has been made in uncovering genomic alterations in hcc including potentially targetable aberrations the most common molecular anomalies in this malignancy are mutations in the tert promoter tp ctnnb axin arida cdkna and ccnd genes pten loss at the protein level is also frequent genomic portfolios stratify by risk factors as follows i ctnnb with alcoholic cirrhosis and ii tp with SH b virusinduced cirrhosis activating mutations in ctnnb and inactivating mutations in axin both activate wnt signaling alterations in this pathway as well as in tp and the Tc machinery and in the pikaktmtor axis the latter G1 in the presence of pten loss as well as aberrant angiogenesis and epigenetic anomalies appear to be major events in hcc many of these CA may be pharmacologically tractable immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is also emerging as an important treatment option indeed of patients express pdl immunohistochemistry and response rates to antipd treatment are about and include about CRs as well as durable benefit in some patients biomarkermatched trials are still limited in this disease and many of the genomic alterations in hcc remain challenging to target future studies may require combination regimens that include both immunotherapies and molecularly matched targeted treatments | MEDAL |
endoscopic sinus surgery ess is the most used surgical approach in the treatment of chronic and recurrent maxillary rhinosinusitis however it still remains unclear how well surgery restores the mucociliary CF in damaged maxillary sinus mucosa there is also controversy whether to enlargen the natural ostium or not we examined the mucociliary clearance mcc of maxillary sinuses in patients with chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis on one side only an uncinectomy was done on the CL side a middle meatal antrostomy was additionally performed the mucociliary clearance mcc was measured in both sides preoperatively and months after the operation measurements of the mucociliary clearance in maxillary sinuses were done using an isotope method preoperative mean residual activity on the uncinectomy side was and postoperative mean residual activity on the middle meatal antrostomy side mean preoperative residual activity was and postoperative mean residual activity residual activity was considered as good or on the uncinectomy side in sinuses preoperatively and in sinus postoperatively on the middle meatal antrostomy side residual activity was considered good in sinus preoperatively and in sinuses postoperatively mucociliary CF remained poor even months postoperatively surgery did not significantly improve the mucociliary function of maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis there was no statistical difference between operative techniques in this T0 it seemed however that uncinectomy combined with the enlargening of the natural ostium may restore maxillary sinus mucociliary clearance mcc better than uncinectomy CT | MEDAL |
the authors examined the association between WG blood cell wbc count and incidence of coronary HR disease and IS and mortality from cardiovascular disease in africanamerican and WM and women from the ARIC aric T0 blood was drawn at the aric baseline examination beginning in during an average of years of followup through december there were incident coronary heart disease events incident strokes and deaths from cardiovascular disease T3 adjustment for age sex aric field center and multiple risk factors there was a direct association between wbc count and incidence of coronary heart disease p for trend and stroke p for trend and mortality from cardiovascular disease p for trend in african americans the african americans in the highest quartile of wbc count or cellsmm had times the risk of incident coronary HR disease confidence interval ci times the risk of incident ischemic stroke ci and times the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality ci as their counterparts in the lowest quartile of wbc count cellsmm these associations were similar in whites and in never smokers an elevated wbc count is directly associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease and IS and mortality from cardiovascular disease in africanamerican and WG men and women | MEDAL |
patients with spinal cord lesion suffer from complex disorders of bladder and anorectal function we assessed the value of urodynamics and ARM as prognostic and diagnostic tools in these patients and evaluated the usefulness of these techniques for the differentiation between CR and incomplete spinal cord lesions thirty patients with suprasacral spinal cord injury six women men mean age years underwent anorectal manometry and urodynamics within the first days T3 injury the findings were compared to the results of a clinical neurologic DUE fifteen patients were classified as CR lesions on their clinical signs three of these lesions were incomplete according to urodynamic testing and five were incomplete according to visceral sensory testing by ARM despite significant differences in maximum bladder capacity versus ml maximum detrusor pressure versus cm ho was not significantly different between patients with complete and patients with incomplete spinal cord injury ARM did not reveal any significant differences in RP ABD pressure and maximal rectum volume between these groups urodynamics and ARM may be superior to neurologic assessment of completeness of spinal cord lesions urodynamics and ARM were not helpful in the prediction of ON or severity of detrusor hyperreflexia thus we do not regard ARM as a standard diagnostic tool in spinal cord injury patients | MEDAL |
the chick retinotectal system is a suitable model to investigate the mechanisms involved in the establishment of synaptic connections in whose refinement nitric oxide was implicated the purpose of this work was to describe the developmental DP of the nitric oxide synthase nospositive SN as well as to determine if it is sensitive to changes in visual stimulation the nadphdiaphorase histochemical method was used to describe and quantify nos SN in normally stimulated and subnormally stimulated chickens nine types of nos neurons were identified seven of them express nos until adulthood while two of them show only a transient expression the developmental DP of nos SN follows the process of laminar segregation it can be divided into three phases the first includes the ON of nos expression in periventricular neurons and the formation of a deep network of nos SF during early development these neurons do not show any significant NC in subnormally stimulated animals the second phase includes the appearance of two transient nos populations of BP neurons that occupy the intermediate layers during the optic SF ingrowth one of them significantly changes in subnormally stimulated chicks the third phase occurs when the transitory expression of bipolar neurons decreases it includes ies the benchmark hh j reaction on the lsth potentialenergy surface is used to test the reliability of this approach | MEDAL |
judging the severity of an injury T3 erosions of the upper gastrointestinal tract has been exclusively based on endoscopic inspection for the first time we used minimal probe endosonography during initial endoscopy and endoscopical progress observations to improve assessment of injury depth determining the therapy nine hours T3 admitting a patient T3 acid ingestion the initial endoscopy and simultaneous endosonography with a mhz minimal endosonographical probe took place the affected wall sections with macroscopical coagulation necrosis regularly showed a richer echo broadened first SL and a lowecho wall edema that had developed under the CN differences existed between the breadth of the first echorich SL and the breadth of the edema below it the indiscriminability of single wall layers correlated with the intensity of the edema the initial injury depth was defined based on the depth extension of the wall edema and the discriminability of the layers in the control examinations a CR wall edema with limited assessability developed independently of the injurys initial severity the assessment of injury depth was only possible during a short time span differences existed in the regression time of the wall edema the initial endosonography and diagnostic findings over time showed differences between superficial and deep wall injuries after erosion in this way the injury depth could be correctly estimated thus directly influencing therapy planning | MEDAL |
preliminary results are presented using a combination of affinity chromatography reversedphase hplc and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to produced peptide maps for nlinked olinked and nonglycosylated peptides from an endoproteinase lysc digest of dspa alpha a recombinant dna derived glycoprotein although the system was used to identify a number of L1 nlinked structures notably complex biantennary structures attached to asparagine no olinked glycopeptides from the possible attachment sites were identified the system did however demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and the applicability of the instrumental system | MEDAL |
organ cultures of human skin were incubated for days with microgml all trans retinoic acid all trans ra and concomitantly treated with varying concentrations of soy extract the epidermis of organ cultures treated with all trans ra CT underwent a hyperplastic response in cultures treated with a combination of all trans ra and soy extract microgml PH was reduced by the same concentrations of soy extract that reduced epidermal hyperplasia in organ culture also suppressed proliferation of rapidly growing KCs in ML culture approximately reduction at and microgml on the other hand soy extract did not further inhibit proliferation of quiescent KCs rather it stimulated growth increase relative to control when DF were examined for a response to soy extract ie proliferation and synthesis of COL1A1 both responses were stimulated proliferation increase and collagen production increase relative to control genistein the L1 isoflavone in extracts of soy also inhibited epidermal hyperplasia in OC reduction relative to control the same concentrations that reduced epidermal hyperplasia microgml also inhibited KC proliferation in monolayer culture but had little effect on fibroblast growth two other isoflavones daidzein and glycetein were also GABA but were less effective than genistein taken together these data suggest that use of soy extract or its constituent isoflavones in conjunction with all trans ra may provide a way to mitigate unwanted epidermal effects of topical retinoid therapy without compromising beneficial retinoid effects in the dermis | MEDAL |
the polycationic drug gentamicin and two calcium antagonists were studied with respect to their protecting action against the calcium paradox in perfused guineapig NF besides the mechanograms the release of creatine kinase was recorded in parallel experiments the nacontent of the hearts was measured before and at the end of the calack period and during reexposure to normal ca the calcium paradox was induced by perfusion for s with cafree solution containing egta x m nifedipine and verapamil in concentrations which reduced the equilibrium contractile force by only mitigated the extent of the calcium paradox whereas gentamicin applied in a concentration also reducing the contractile amplitude by was able to suppress the calcium paradox CR the DR curves for nifedipine with respect to the reduction of CF and contracture were identical in contrast gentamicin was more effective in attenuating the contracture of the paradox than in reducing the equilibrium contractile force the large gain of na during the calack period was diminished by both nifedipine and gentamicin the partial protection of calcium antagonists can be related to their interference with the uptake of na through ltype cachannels during the calack period whereas gentamicin seems to act by an additional inhibition of the naca exchange during the reexposure to normal ca | MEDAL |
perianal basal cell carcinoma is a very rare tumor accounting for only of the anorectal tumors it must be distinguished from basaloid carcinoma of the anus which resembles it histologically but shows a much more aggressive behavior metastasizes early and often proves fatal thus requiring different therapy differential diagnosis of both entities by CS microscopy may be difficult five cases of perianal basal cell carcinoma and five cases of basaloid carcinoma were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and FC some immunohistochemical markers such as epithelial membrane antigen carcinoembrionic antigen and keratins as well as the lectin ulex europaeus agglutinin i stained BC and were negative for BCC carcinoma in contrast the monoclonal antibody berep seems to be a good marker for perianal basal cell carcinoma and useful in differentiating it from basaloid carcinoma of the anus basaloid carcinomas are associated with a significantly higher sphase fraction than are perianal basal cell carcinomas p | MEDAL |
preantral follicles microm were isolated mechanically from the ovaries of dayold rats and cultured in CG of four to six for days in medium containing or ngml of activin a activin stimulated p the growth of preantral follicles in a dosedependent fashion and enhanced the proliferation of preantral oocytefree follicular cells furthermore treatment with activin induced the majority of follicles to form an antrumlike structure and helped to maintain the ultrastructure of these follicles during SC activin a also induced further changes characteristic of F2 and oocyte maturation such as the elongation of granulosa cells contacting the oocyte and migration of the cortical LG to the oocyte cortex in addition mRNA for activin and activin receptor type ii actr ii was demonstrated in both the oocytes and the somatic cells using the reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of activin and actr ii proteins in the somatic tissue and especially the oocytes of these follicles it is concluded that in vitro activin a stimulates the growth of rat preantral follicles and promotes antrum formation furthermore because activin a and actr ii are synthesized within preantral follicles intrafollicular activin likely plays an important role in early follicular development | MEDAL |
the mechanism of cough hypersensitivity induced by particulate matter pm remains elusive the current study was designed to explore the effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid trpv on cough hypersensitivity in airway and CE NS | MEDAL |
the synthesis characterization and device studies of polybenzobisoxazole imides containing perylene or naphthalene units in an AC fashion with the oxazole unit are described photoinduced energy transfer and charge separation were studied in methanesulfonic acid msa solution via absorption excitation and steadystate fluorescence studies excitation of the bisoxazole moiety resulted in enhanced emission from the perylene bisimide unit as a result of fret förster resonance energy transfer the influence of the imide substitution into the linear chain of polybenzobisoxazole pbo on its solidstate packing was examined by wideangle xray diffraction wxrd analysis bottom contact field effect transistors fet based on thermally annealed polymer films were fabricated and studied the polymers showed ntype charge transport and current modulation with an onoff ratio greater than it was observed that the fets consisting of the random copolymer of bisoxazole containing both perylene as well as naphthalene bisimide units had higher performance parameters such as better mobility μe and ionioff ratio compared to those of the pristine systems | MEDAL |
DME is the main cause of CVI in diabetic patients the aim of the present study was to explore the differential proteomic DP of the VF from diabetic macular edema patients by means of fluorescencebased difference gel electrophoresis dige | MEDAL |
epidural blood patch is a frequently successful treatment for postdural puncture headache it is not clear whether a recent epidural blood patch affects subsequent neuraxial analgesia we describe the case of a patient who received an EPI blood patch for postdural puncture HA and returned days later in AS labor requesting epidural analgesia the patient successfully received analgesia from a combined spinal epidural without further complications we discuss the anesthetic considerations for providing neuraxial analgesia after a recent epidural blood patch | MEDAL |
a new model of thrombotic challenge well suited for screening agents and which acts primarily against PLT thromboembolism has been used to test the in vivo antiplatelet effects of four calcium channel blockers ccb an iv injection of a mixture of collagen plus epinephrine micrograms and microgramsmouse respectively was given to male mice control mice died or remained paralyzed for more than minutes the dihydropyridine agents cre and nifedipine were highly protective against exp thrombosis whereas verapamil had a weaker and much shorter effect and on the other hand diltiazem had no protective effect over a range of doses the activity on both dihydropyridines lasted for seven hours or even longer | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to determine the outcome of neglected minimal or moderate aortic regurgitation during mitral or mitrotricuspid valve surgery patients were included in this survey between and there were men and women aged years mean age years etiology was dominated by acute rheumatic fever associated lesions were observed mitral valve incompetence cases mitral valve stenosis cases mitral valve incompetence plus mitral valve stenosis in pateints and mitrotricuspid valve disease in others all the patients were symptomatic nyha class ii nyha class iii or iv of patients had a radiological cardiomegaly mean cardiothoracic was at electrocardiogram of patients were in SR and presented a left VVI hypertrophy minimal or moderate aortic regurgitation has been confirmed by echocardiography and angiocardiography in all patients surgical treatment was a mitral valve replacement n a MVP n a mitral VR and a tricuspid valve annuloplasty according to de vega technique n the OM was deaths due to an acute cardiac failure case and prosthetic valve endocarditis case patients have been followed up from a mean month to ye widely ris has been used to treat adhd in people with id although the evidence for its effectiveness is unclear | MEDAL |
an unusual clinical course of a patient with biotinidase deficiency causing leigh syndrome is reported laryngeal stridor was the L1 presenting symptom followed by progressive neurologic deterioration and death at the age of mo absence of skin and hair abnormalities as well as of organic aciduria delayed the correct diagnosis necropsy revealed subacute necrotizing encephalopathy LS carboxylase MICs propionyl coa carboxylase methylcrotonylcoa carboxylase Pyr carboxylase measured in lymphocytes day before death were decreased to of normal values propionylcoa carboxylase was shown to be the only stable carboxylase in human postmortem tissue in our patient it was moderately decreased in postmortem CL of control and kidney but severely decreased in BB these findings might explain the severity of neurological PS in the absence of marked organic aciduria they indicate that in biotinidase deficiency the cns may become biotin depleted earlier and more severely than other organs biotinidase deficiency should be included in the differential diagnosis of leigh syndrome and of unexplained respiratory problems | MEDAL |
the conjugate of the residue of vitamin h biotin bt with the hormone of thyroid gland thyroxin t was prepared by nacylation of naminopropyl biotin amide with nhydroxysuccinimide ester of nacetyl thyroxin the interactions of the btt conjugate with one or simultaneously with two binding proteins with affinity to bt or t in solution and on a solid phase were studied by electron spectroscopy enzyme immunoassay and computer modeling btt was specifically fixed in the btbinding site of the streptavidin molecule via a large number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions the maximum of the SA fluorescence shifted to a longwave area and its intensity decreased as a result of complex formation the degree of quenching of the protein emission was significantly higher than that of the streptavidinbt complex additional fluorescence quenching resulted from interactions which were CS to ph ionic strength and detergents and stabilized the position of the thyroxin part of the conjugate near trp of SA in its complex with btt the btt conjugate also formed a TPS equimolar complex with tbinding human AHG tbg by the same mechanism as that for t the bt residue did not participate in the interactions which changed characteristics of the tbg fluorophores the btt conjugate was bound to avidin on a solid phase in the SP enzyme immunoassay owing to its biotin CF whereas its thyroxin part was exposed to a solution and interacted with polyclonal antibodies to t the intact t competitively inhibited this interaction after its addition to the system btt also exhibited its bifunctional activity in other immune analytic system the conjugate bound SA was labeled with euchelate and subsequently formed a three component complex with participation of a monoclonal antibody to t immobilized on a SP FT inhibited the thyroxin CF of the conjugate bound to the labeled streptavidin proportionally to its concentration in a sample of human BS parameters of the immunofluorescent analysis demonstrated that the streptavidinbtt complex was actively bound to the tantibody but had practically no interaction with serum tbinding proteins including tbg probably nonspecific interactions of the t residue with streptavidin in its complex with btt along with steric factors complicated penetration of thyroxin in this complex into AS CS of tbg and other tbinding proteins of blood SS the btt SD conjugate was synthesized according to a plain scheme and could be used as a bifunctional ligand of IB proteins in PSA studies and immune analytical systems for medicinal diagnostics | MEDAL |
the influence of liposomeentrapped catalase andor superoxide dismutase on phospholipids of the lung surfactant in bleomycintreated rats was investigated changes in phospholipid composition of LS were much pronounced in animals supplemented with antioxidant enzymesloaded liposomes it is suggested that liposomes are good carriers for drugs in bleomycininduced lung injury treatment | MEDAL |
endoscopic management of biliary obstruction has evolved tremendously since the introduction of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes over years ago for the last several decades endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ercp has become established as the mainstay for definitively diagnosing and relieving biliary one in addition and more recently endoscopic ultrasonography eus has gained increasing favor as an auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic modality in facilitating decompression of the biliary tree here we provide a review of the current and continually evolving role of gastrointestinal endoscopy including both ercp and eus in the management of biliary obstruction with a focus on benign biliary strictures | MEDAL |
impairment in gonadal CF with reduced testosterone t levels is commonly associated with hiv infection and patients often complain of diminished libido and SD the effectiveness of testim auxilium pharmaceuticals inc norristown PA topical t gel was evaluated in hivpositive males who failed to experience satisfactory symptom relief following prior treatment with androgel solvay pharmaceuticals inc marietta GA in this openlabel T0 consecutive subjects were randomly assigned to experimental treatment with testim g or to maintenance therapy control group with androgel g twentyfour exp subjects and control subjects were followed for weeks to evaluate improvements in sexual functioning and satisfaction changes from baseline in the domains of the brief male SF inventory bmsfi were compared between groups the average percentage improvement favored the experimental treatment in all comparisons of the bmsfi including sexual drive vs p erectile CF vs p ejaculatory CF vs p problem assessment vs p and sexual satisfaction vs p a greater percentage of subjects also reported satisfaction with the experimental treatment vs p and these subjects were less likely to require upward dose titration at the final followup visit vs p it is hypothesized that the results of the current T0 may be explained in part by an improved pharmacokinetic profile of the experimental intervention consideration of testim gel in hiv patients who have an inadequate response to prior t therapy is encouraged although it is difficult to estimate the contribution of nonspecific T0 effects eg PL in this trial | MEDAL |
to investigate the mechanism and its significance of the depression of telomerase activity in hl cells exposed to HHT hht the semiquantitative rtpcr and pcrelisa were used to detect the expression of htert mrna and TA in hl cells the AR of hl cells was assayed with tunel the results indicated that compared with the control the level of htert mrna synthesis in hl cells treated with hht at micro gml for hours did not NC significantly but it reduced obviously at micro gml and was undetectable at micro gml when hl cells incubated with hht at micro gml for various hours the expression of htert mrna did not decrease after hours and reduced significantly after hours and was undetectable at hours the tendency for suppression of telomerase activity was consistent with decrease of the expression of htert mrna in hhttreated hl cells the apoptotic rate of hl cells was apparently increased with the depression of htert mrna and TA in conclusion the transcription of htert mrna in hl cells can be inhibited by hht the relationship between regulation of htert mrna expression and hhtinduced apoptosis is worth investigating furtherly | MEDAL |
the T0 was undertaken at kesariyaji located in udaipur district of rajasthan there are about million workers who marble mine at rajasthan living conditions of these workers are substandard and most of them are immigrant workers living in tiny shacks majority of them belong to lower SES with poor educational BG the present study was carried out to estimate dental caries prevalence and treatment needs of laborers working in the green marble mines of udaipur district | MEDAL |
the influence of individual stages of the rat estrous cycle during exposure to initrosoimethylurea nmu on mammary RT incidence RL number and cytosol receptor dynamics for estrogen and progesterone was determined virgin female buffalo rats were separated into three groups on day according to their vaginal smear DP nmu mg g body weight iv was administered in three monthly doses beginning at to days of age on diestrus proestrus or estrus between and am groups of rats had their second and third injections of nmu on the same day of the estrous cycle as their initial i.t. all animals were killed during the morning on a diestrus day receptors for estrogen and progesterone were determined by a modified dextrancoated charcoal method and by SU density gradient analysis mean latencies to first tumor appearance in diestrus proestrus and estrus groups were and days respectively p less than diestrus versus estrus and proestrus following the first nmu i.t. the mean number of tumors per rat was significantly higher in rats injected on proestrus or estrus than on diestrus estradiol bound to receptor sedimented at and s and was suppressed by diethylstilbestrol and estradiol Rp migrated to and s regions estrogen receptor incidence and content fmolmg cytosol protein was highest in rats injected on diestrus in the proestrus and estrus injected groups estrogen receptor incidence was and and content was and fmolmg protein respectively the affinity of estradiol for its receptor was not significantly altered in any group although there were no statistically significant difference in progesterone receptor incidence or affinity between CG Rp content fmolmg cytosol protein was significantly higher in tumors from rats injected on proestrus than on diestrus these data suggest that the prevailing hormonal milieu of the estrous cycle during nmu exposure may be critically important to the subsequent biological SMB and steroid receptor status of carcinogeninduced rat mammary PT | MEDAL |
we report the occurrence of CH in three generations of one family an yearold boy with primary chronic CH his yearold father with AA chronic CH and his yearold paternal grandfather with episodic cluster headache | MEDAL |
we redescribe paramecium chlorelligerum a forgotten species which kahl tierwelt dtl briefly but precisely described in the addendum to his ciliate monographs as a paramecium with symbiotic green algae the redescription is based on CP morphological methods and the analysis of the small S1 ssu rdna morphologically p chlorelligerum differs from p c bursaria the second green species in the genus by having a special swimming shape the length of the caudal cilia the size of the micronucleus the size of the symbiotic algae the contractile vacuoles with collecting LDV vs collecting canals and the number of excretory porescontractile vacuole vs the molecular investigations show that p chlorelligerum forms a distinct CB distant from the p chloroparamecium bursaria clade thus we classify p chlorelligerum in a new subgenus paramecium viridoparamecium chlorelligerum the symbiotic alga belongs to the littleknown genus meyerella as yet recorded only from the plankton of a north american lake | MEDAL |
a gene family of surface antigens is expressed by merozoites of sarcocystis neurona the primary cause of EPM epm these surface proteins designated snsags are immunodominant and therefore excellent candidates for development of epm diagnostics or vaccines prior work had identified an epm isolate lacking the L1 surface antigen snsag thus suggesting there may be some diversity in the snsags expressed by different s neurona isolates therefore a bioinformatic molecular and immunological T0 was conducted to assess conservation of the snsags examination of an expressed sequence tag est database revealed several notable snsag polymorphisms in particular the est information implied that the epm CS sn lacked the L1 surface antigen snsag the absence of this surface antigen from the sn CS was confirmed by both western blot and southern blot to evaluate snsag polymorphisms in the s neurona population strains were examined by western blots using monospecific polyclonal antibodies against the four described snsags the results of these analyses demonstrated that snsag snsag and snsag are present in all s neurona strains tested although some variance in snsag was observed importantly snsag was not detected in seven of the strains which included isolates from four cases of epm and a case of fatal meningoencephalitis in a sea otter genetic analyses by pcr using genespecific primers confirmed the absence of the snsag locus in six of these seven strains collectively the data indicated that there is heterogeneity in the surface antigen composition of different s neurona isolates which is an important consideration for OD of serological tests and prospective vaccines for epm furthermore the diversity reported herein likely extends to other phenotypes such as strain virulence and may have implications for the phylogeny of the various sarcocystis spp that undergo sexual stages of their life cycle in opossums | MEDAL |
we describe the presenting features and longterm outcome of an unusual cluster of pediatric AFP cases that occurred in canada during the enterovirus d outbreak children n median age years presenting to canadian centers between july and october and who met diagnostic criteria for acute flaccid paralysis were evaluated retrospectively the predominant presenting features included prodromal respiratory illness n CSF fluid lymphocytic pleocytosis n pain in neckback n and extremities n bowelbladder dysfunction n focal central GM lesions found in all regions of the spinal cord within the cohort n brain stem lesions n and bulbar symptoms n enterovirus d was detectable in NP specimens n but not in CSF fluid acute therapies CSs intravenous immunoglobulins plasmapheresis were well tolerated with few SE fourteen of patients who were followed beyond months post ON had neurologic deficits but showed ongoing clinical improvement and motor recovery | MEDAL |
a yearold woman who was pointed out as having hyperglycemia was admitted to our hospital with a twoweek history of fever BS on admission was mgdl and blood cultures yielded GBS systolic and diastolic heart murmurs were heard echocardiography showed aortic regurgitation and vegetation on the aortic valve penicilling million units every hr iv and streptomycin g every hr im were started chemotherapy was continued for days after chemotherapy AV replacement was done we reported a very rare L3 endocarditis case due to streptococcus agalactiae | MEDAL |
a common prediction of clonal deletioninactivation hypotheses is that cells with high avidity for tolerogen are preferentially eliminated with low avidity cells being most likely to escape the tolerance induction mechanism thus it would be expected that the tolerogenspecific cells in tolerant mice would have a different repertoire than those in normal mice to find evidence in favor of this prediction neonatal ba mice were rendered tolerant to b by the injection of x ba x bf spleen and bone marrow cells and tolerance was assessed by the acceptance of b skin grafts for greater than days mice rendered tolerant in this manner contain severely reduced to less than of normal but detectable numbers of tolerogenspecific NCC precursors that can be activated in the presence but not absence of exogenous interleukin SP cells from the tolerant animals were compared with those of normal ba mice with respect to the expression of differentiation markers on the surface of bspecific cytotoxic cells and their precursors and the relative strength of the antib response toward kb and db as a measure of the repertoire of the cytotoxic cell populations the t cell nature of the tolerogenspecific cytotoxic cells in both normal and tolerant mice was confirmed by their susceptibility to lysis by antithy or lyt EAC more importantly cold target inhibition experiments showed that cytotoxic TA from tolerant mice were inhibited to a greater degree by bar kkdb cold targets than bar kbdd suggesting that the response was preferentially directed at the d end of h in direct contrast to normal ba spleen cells which show a preferential response against kb measurement of the frequency of antikb and antidb Tc cell precursors in the spleens of normal and tolerant mice confirmed the differential specificities seen in the cold target experiments the data suggest that neonatal tolerance induction results in repertoire modification of the antitolerogen response rather than a uniform decrease in antitolerogen CR possible mechanisms to explain the alteration in the repertoire of tolerant mice are discussed | MEDAL |
the management of neonatal ARPKD arpkd complicated by severe PI presents complex clinical challenges where massive nephromegaly exists early bilateral nephrectomy supportive peritoneal dialysis and early aggressive nutrition can minimise infant mortality consensus however is lacking on the role and optimal timing of nephrectomy with decisionmaking driven by the patients clinical condition and the expertise of the centre we report on our experience of an infant with arpkd requiring neonatal RRT and survival at months following early bilateral nephrectomy | MEDAL |
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