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the objective of this study was to evaluate the biogenetic temperament and character profiles in korean adolescents with problematic internet use six hundred eightysix high school students completed the internet addiction test iat junior TCI jtci and connerswells adolescent selfreport scale short form cass short the problematic internet use group showed higher scores in the SD and cooperativeness profiles and lower scores in the novelty seeking and selftranscendence profiles of the jtci compared with the nonproblematic internet use group after controlling for the adhd symptoms the results of this study suggest that temperamentcharacter patterns should be considered in accounts of the etiology of problematic internet use | MEDAL |
air pollution consists of a heterogeneous mixture of gasses and particles that include carbon monoxide nitrates sulfur dioxide ozone lead toxic byproduct of tobacco smoke and particulate matter oxidative stress and inflammation induced by inhaled pollutants may result in acute and ACD in the respiratory system as well as contribute to a state of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity this paper reviews the mechanisms of air contaminants influencing the immune response and autoimmunity and it focuses on studies of inhaled pollutants triggering andor exacerbating rheumatic diseases in cities around the world remarkably environmental factors contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases especially smoking and occupational exposure to silica in RA arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus other diseases such as scleroderma may be triggered by the inhalation of chemical solvents herbicides and Si likewise primary vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody anca may be triggered by silica exposure only few studies showed that air pollutants could trigger or exacerbate juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic LE in contrast no studies of tropospheric pollution triggering inflammatory myopathies and SpA were carried out in conclusion air pollution is one of the environmental factors i demonstrated a higher rate of urinary tract injury at major gynaecological procedures than previously thought these injuries are associated with significant medical and medicolegal implications the sensitivity of visual inspection is low and cystoscopic screening with intravenous dye improves PCD we review the evidence for intraoperative cystoscopy in gynaecology with emphasis on rates of urinary tract injury and the use of intravenous contrast dye | MEDAL |
most amino acids filtered by the glomerulus are reabsorbed in the kidney via specialized transport systems recently the cdna encoding a highaffinity glutamate transporter eaac has been isolated and shown to be expressed at high levels in the kidney to determine the potential role of eaac in renal acidic CAA reabsorption the CSD of eaac mrna and protein in rat kidney was examined in situ hybridization revealed that eaac mrna is expressed predominantly in s and s segments of the PTs and at low levels in the inner stripe of outer medulla and inner medulla polyclonal antibodies raised against the carboxy terminus of eaac recognized a single band of approximately kda on western blots of membrane protein from kidney cortex and medulla immunofluorescence microscopy revealed intense signals in the luminal membrane of s and s segments and weaker signals in s segments descending thin limbs of longloop nephrons medullary thick ascending limbs and distal convoluted tubules these results are consistent with eaac encoding the previously described apical highaffinity glutamate transporter in the kidney that mediates reabsorption of acidic amino acids in tubules beyond S1 s segments potential additional roles of eaac in acidbase balance cell volume regulation and CAA metabolism are discussed | MEDAL |
the quantitative analysis of 3H water vapor in air was investigated by sorption into a nonvolatile liquid scintillant solution sorbent of silicone oil the activity of the betaray from the sorbed 3H water vapor microciml in air was directly measured with the help of the scintillator solution which also served as the sorbent it was found that the variation of the partial vapor pressure of tritiated water in air was proportional to the sorbed amount in the liquid scintillator sorbent from the vaporized tritiated water the relation was also expressed as a sorption isotherm equation and was compared to the langmuir adsorption isotherm supporting the suggested adsorption by solid adsorbent | MEDAL |
gammaaminobutyric acid gaba is the principal neurotransmitter of synaptic inhibition in the gustatory nucleus of the solitary tract rnst highfrequency activation of gaba SN in the rnst results in biphasic GABA postsynaptic potentials ipsps that are initially hyperpolarizing but then became depolarizing our results indicate that highfrequency stimulation evokes RD of cl and k ions that shifts ipsp reversal potential in a more positive direction which produces a biphasic or depolarizing ipsp | MEDAL |
gelatinase b a matrix metalloproteinase mmp of high specific activity is highly expressed and activated by mouse blastocysts in SC and inhibition of this CEA inhibits lysis of extracellular matrix behrendtsen o alexander c m and werb z development because gelatinase b expression is linked to invasive potential we studied the expression of gelatinase b mrna and protein in vivo in implanting trophoblast giant cells and found that it was expressed and G1 during colonization of the maternal decidua mrnas for several other mmps stromelysin stromelysin and gelatinase a and mmp inhibitors timp and timp were expressed in the undifferentiated stroma toward the outside of the decidua and timp mrna was expressed in primary and some mature decidual cells during their differentiation both mrna and timp protein were present at high concentrations transiently and declined from days post coitum onward as the cells underwent apoptosis during the main period of gelatinase b expression and ectoplacental growth and expansion to assess the CF of mmps during implantation and decidual OD we either injected a peptide hydroxamate mmp inhibitor into NM or studied transgenic mice overexpressing timp in both cases decidual length and overall size were reduced and the embryo was displaced mesometrially embryo orientation was less strictly regulated in inhibitortreated deciduae than in control deciduae morphogenesis and OD of oilinduced deciduomas were also slowed in the presence of the inhibitor we conclude that administration of MMPIs retards decidual CR and growth and we suggest that the mmps expressed in F0 stromal cells promote their differentiation and expansion | MEDAL |
a tight regulation of neuron production is required to generate a functional CBF SC and is achieved by a proper balance between proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells though the vitamin a retinol active derivative retinoic acid ra has been implicated as one of the signals acting during mammalian forebrain neurogenesis its CF at the onset of neurogenesis as well as during establishment of cortical layers and neuronal subtypes remains elusive one limitation is that murine mutants for genes encoding key enzymes involved in ra synthesis die during early embryonic development we analysed corticogenesis in rdh null mutants in which an ra deficiency is generated as the intracellular retinol to retinaldehyde conversion is abolished when analysed at the latest stage before lethality occurs embryonic day e the mutants show smaller telencephalic LDV and the thickness of their cortical plate is strongly reduced the first progenitors formed in the cortical SP are radial glial rg cells which generate neurons either directly or through an indirect mechanism involving the production of intermediate neuronal progenitors inps which then give rise to SN we show that in absence of ra the rg progenitors proliferate less and prematurely produce SN leading to their SD at e furthermore we could demonstrate that lack of ra impairs the generation of inps at e and affects the Tc exit of progenitor cells during corticogenesis altogether leading to a deficit in PNs and to microcephaly | MEDAL |
skeletal muscle force can be transmitted to the skeleton not only via its tendons of origin and insertion but also through connective tissues linking the muscle belly to surrounding structures through such epimuscular myofascial connections length changes of a muscle may cause length changes within an adjacent muscle and hence affect muscle spindles the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epimuscular myofascial forces on feedback from muscle spindles in ts muscles of the rat we hypothesized that within an IN muscle compartment muscle spindles not only signal length changes of the muscle in which they are located but can also sense length changes that occur as a result of changing the length of synergistic muscles action potentials from single afferents were measured intraaxonally in response to ramphold PR rhr stretches of an agonistic muscle at different lengths of its synergist as well as in response to synergist rhrs a decrease in force threshold was found for both soleus so and lateral gastrocnemius afferents along with an increase in length threshold for so afferents in addition muscle spindle firing could be evoked by rhrs of the synergistic muscle we conclude that muscle spindles not only signal length changes of the muscle in which they are located but also local length changes that occur as a result of changing the length and relative position of synergistic muscles | MEDAL |
alkali ion charge transport has been studied in a series of mixed glass former lithium borophosphate glasses of composition lio xbo xpo the entire concentration range ⤠x ⤠from pure glassy lipo to pure glassy libo has been examined while keeping the molar fraction of lio constant electrical conductivity measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques such as spin relaxometry line shape analysis and stimulatedecho spectroscopy were used to examine the temperature and frequency dependence of the li ion motion over wide ranges of time scale and temperature by accurately determining motional time scales and E(a) over the entire composition range the ion dynamics and the charge transport are found to be fastest if the borate and the phosphate fractions are similar the nonlinear variation of the charge conduction the most notable feature of the mixed glass former effect is discussed in terms of the composition dependence of network former units which determine the local glass structure | MEDAL |
oral infection of rats with streptococcus mutans mutant was used to prevent the establishment of its highly virulent wildtype progenitor nctc s the dose of wildtype cells required to colonize of the specific pathogenfree osbornemendel rats to days old consuming caries test diet was greater than x but less than x cells therefore the latter dose was used to challenge rats which had already been colonized by an oral dose of about x cells of mutant this prior infection by either completely protected rats from subsequent colonization by wildtype cells or greatly delayed and diminished their emergence rats in which wildtype cells became established showed much lower percentages of wildtype cells in their total recoverable floras than did rats that were not first infected by the mutant large doses of mutant however did not displace wildtype cells from rats once it became established there was no evidence of reversion of the mutant which is defective in intracellular polysaccharide synthesis and hence is less virulent than wildtype cells the data indicate that the s mutans cell which first colonizes rats gains the strongest ecological position and is difficult to displace also they suggest the possible prophylactic utility of infection by this mutant of s mutans | MEDAL |
chronic ethanol treatment induces an increase in oxidative stress as polyphenolic EDC are potent antioxidants we aimed to examine whether dietary supplementation of resveratrol may attenuate lipid peroxidation the major endpoint of oxidative damage resulting from chronic ethanol administration | MEDAL |
aberrant crypt foci acfs are putative preneoplastic lesions in the Tc mucosa identified by examining methylene bluestained whole mounts of colon acfs have been previously described in rats treated with genotoxic colon carcinogens this study determined whether or not a nongenotoxic colon carcinogen could induce acfs and compared the morphology of these acfs with those induced by a genotoxic colon carcinogen sixwkold fischer rats were administered DS dss nongenotoxin in the drinking water or azoxymethane aom genotoxin by single subcutaneous injection rats were sacrificed at and wk after study initiation colons were fixed and stained with methylene blue and the mucosal surface of transilluminated whole mounts was examined with a TSM the number of acfs and number of crypts per focus multiplicity were recorded representative acfs were processed into GMA for hexosaminidase enzyme histochemistry and sections of the remaining colon containing acfs were embedded in paraffin for morphologic evaluation in whole mounts acfs from aom and dsstreated rats had elongated slittoovalshaped lumens surrounded by a thickened and intensely stained epithelium dssinduced AC differed from those induced by aom in that they were frequently larger tended not to form discrete foci circumscribed by normal crypts and were located adjacent to ulcers total acfs and large foci or more cryptsfocus were significantly more numerous in aomtreated rats at both time points histologically dssinduced acfs had segmental to diffuse loss of hexosaminidase activity mucin depletion to increased prominence of goblet cells and marked distortion of crypt architecture aominduced acfs had diffuse loss of hexosaminidase activity variable SD of mucin and less distortion of crypt architecture VL degrees of ED were seen in acfs with both carcinogens but dysplasia was more severe in dssinduced acfs colonic mucosal neoplasms were induced by both carcinogens in subchronic studies the acf CA may be a useful method to improve the identification and characterization of xenobioticinduced changes in colonic mucosal crypts | MEDAL |
various methods for removal or inactivation of sendai inducing virus from natural bovine leukocyte interferon ifn S9 were compared and the effects of sendai virus in microtiter cp effect cpe inhibition assay were investigated ultraviolet CS and ultracentrifugation at either x g or x g for h proved to be inadequate methods for complete removal of inducing virus from ifn preparations as judged by the effects of residual virus in cpe inhibition assay optimal methods for inducer virus removalinactivation were ultracentrifugation at x g or dialysis against ph buffer sendai virus itself was capable of inducing ifn production in CA cells at concentrations commonly found in virusinduced ifn S9 | MEDAL |
darkgrown bean leaves phaseolus vulgaris which had been greened for several days in a repetitive series of brief xenon flashes were studied during the initial induction period when o evolution first appears the induction of o evolution requires actinic irradiation eg mwcm of RL and goes to completion in about T2 with a halftime just under T2 absorbance measurements on the intact leaves showed that a change of a carotenoid pigment monitored at nm was closely correlated with the rate of o evolution during the induction period inhibitor studies however showed that the absorbance NC persisted in the presence of a number of inhibitors which blocked o evolution electron microscopy revealed that the primary thylakoids which were unfused in the flashed leaves before induction became fused in pairs or CG of three during the minute induction period it is postulated that the nm absorbance NC of the carotenoid pigment is correlated more directly with the F0 process than with o evolution heat treatment c for min or infiltration with m tris which prevented the fusion process also prevented the absorbance changeif the leaves were preilluminated for minutes with very weak RL muwcm which induced no o evolution absorbance change or thylakoid fusion there was an immediate burst of o evolution at the ON of actinic irradiation and the induction period as noted by o evolution or by the nm absorbance NC was reduced to minutes halftime of seconds it is concluded that the electron transport system in the flashed leaves is blocked at the mn site between water and photosystem ii and that the photoactivation of mn into the thylakoid membranes occurs during the low CS photoactivation process after the ETC is thus repaired ionpumping mechanisms driven by actinic light may lead to steadystate photosynthesis as well as to thylakoid F0 | MEDAL |
we examined the effects of medially wedged foot orthoses on knee and hip joint mechanics during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome pfps we also tested if these effects depend on standing calcaneal eversion angle twenty female runners with and without pfps participated knee and hip joint transverse and frontal plane peak angle excursion and peak internal knee and hip abduction moment were calculated while running with and without a ° FL medially wedged foot orthoses separate factor mixed anovas group pfps control x condition medial wedge no medial wedge x standing calcaneal angle everted neutral inverted were used to test the effect of medially wedged orthoses on each dependent variable knee abduction moment increased p and hip adduction excursion decreased ° p using medially wedged foot orthoses no significant group x condition or calcaneal angle x condition effects were observed the addition of medially wedged foot orthoses to standardized running shoes had minimal effect on knee and hip joint mechanics during running thought to be associated with the etiology or exacerbation of pfps PS these effects did not appear to depend on injury status or standing calcaneal posture | MEDAL |
igfs igf receptors and igf binding proteins igfbps are widely expressed in the CNS system to investigate the physiological significance of igfbp in the brain we established two TGM lines overexpressing human higfbp under the control of glial fibrillary acidt devastating complications although myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass cpb has reduced the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents they still remain a reality that the cardiothoracic surgeon is unable to completely eliminate the events leading to a neurologic complication are related to hemodynamic instability and embolization of aortic debris at the time a sidebiting clamp is applied combined events may eventually impact the brain to varying degrees ranging from a temporary confusional state to a fullblown stroke from which meaningful recovery may be impossible this report describes the interventions necessary to maintain hemodynamic stability the role of brain monitoring required and how to safely achieve CR offcpb myocardial revascularization and minimize the incidence of neurologic complications cardiac interventions include maintaining SR providing adequate blood supply to all vital organs and avoiding induction of MI which may induce SVT ventricular arrhythmias or both these interventions depend upon an experienced surgical team anesthesiologist cardiologist surgeon and operating room and intensive care unit REC nurses anticipation of myocardial ischemia may require loading the patient with antiarrhythmic drugs and placement of intracoronary shunts and intraaortic balloon pump support patience from the surgeon is often required to allow time for the specific MI to act in addition to interventions to maintain a balance between the demand and supply of oxygen we frequently rely on intermittent hypotensive anesthesia while performing the distal and proximal coronary anastomoses hypotension may lead to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain so multimodal brain monitoring becomes mandatory we use a combination of transcranial BB oximetry and electroencephalographic CSA this combined monitoring results in a safer surgical procedure allowing the hemodynamic interventions to be performed rationally and without interruption of the surgical procedure | MEDAL |
the corticosterone content of the adrenal PG was determined in dayold rat fetuses before and after encephalectomy or decapitation hypophysectomy after acth treatment of the encephalectomized or decapitated hypophysectomized fetuses and T3 administration of crude extracts n hcl of hypothalamic or cortical tissue from dayold rat fetuses a peak in the corticosterone content of the adrenals was observed min after acth injection to enceaphlectomized or decapitated fetuses a rise in corticosterone concentration was noted and min after the encephalectomized fetuses were given an i.t. of hypothalamic extract this extract was devoid of appreciable acth activity when tested in decapitated fetuses cortical extract was inactive in encephalectomized or decapitated fetuses these data suggest that fetal hypothalamic extract contains some crf activity and that the fetal PIT gland is responsive to the crf | MEDAL |
the presence of collateral coronary circulation almost always accounts for significant obstructive coronary i.a. disease and its development remains unclear we present two cases wherein there was a large collateral artery in a patient with angiographically normal coronary arteries in both cases the vessel ran in the atrioventricular groove between the distal RA PD and the circumflex artery we believe that this vessel is of congenital origin and T3 reviewing the literature we describe the angiographic features that distinguish such a vessel from collaterals that are secondary to coronary stenosis or hypoxia | MEDAL |
hiv entry is a receptormediated process directed by the interaction of the viral envelope with the host cell cd molecule and one of two coreceptors ccr or cxcr the amino acid CS of the third variable v loop of the hiv env is highly predictive of coreceptor utilization preference during entry and ML predictive algorithms have been developed to characterize sequences as ccrutilizing r or cxcrutilizing x it was hypothesized that while the v loop is predominantly responsible for determining coreceptor IB additional components of the hiv genome may contribute to overall viral tropism and display sequence signatures associated with coreceptor utilization | MEDAL |
the indications for initiation of renal replacement therapy in ARF are controversial although volume overload metabolic acidosis hyperkalemia and other electrolyte disturbances and overt uremic manifestations are commonly accepted indications for renal replacement therapy TPS criteria for initiation of therapy based on these conditions are highly subjective progressive azotemia in the absence of overt uremia is another common indication for renal replacement therapy although there is no consensus on the degree of azotemia that warrants initiation of therapy the clinical data regarding timing and initiation of renal support in patients who have ARF are reviewed definitive resolution of the AGA indications and timing for initiation of renal replacement therapy in ARF requires prospective evaluation in a randomized CT | MEDAL |
tacrolimus fk is a macrolide immunosuppressant which possesses similar but more potent immunosuppressant properties compared with cyclosporin inhibiting cellmediated and humoral immune responses like cyclosporin tacrolimus demonstrates considerable interindividual R2 in its pharmacokinetic profile this has caused difficulty in defining the optimum dosage regimen and has highlighted the usefulness of TDM most clinical studies with tacrolimus have neither been published in their entirety nor subjected to extensive peer review there is also a paucity of published randomised investigations of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin particularly in renal transplantation despite these drawbacks tacrolimus has shown notable tau as a rescue or primary immunosuppressant therapy when combined with CSs in adult and paediatric recipients following liver or kidney transplantation indeed graft salvage rates in patients experiencing rejection or drugrelated toxicity were or although data in renal transplantation are limited compared with cyclosporin as a primary immunosuppressant tacrolimus showed comparable or greater patientgraft survival rates in liver allograft recipients where cost savings associated with reduced hospitalisation costs were evident in one T0 and comparable patientgraft survival in patients following kidney transplantation worthy of note was the efficacy of tacrolimus as a primary immunosuppressant in patients who received en bloc kidney allografts the incidence of AAR was largely reduced following rescue therapy with tacrolimus and was generally lower notably for refractory AAR than that observed for cyclosporin at least in CL allograft recipients this was reflected in less need for adjunct immunotherapy including antilymphocyte S9 for the treatment of AAR episodes the potential for reduction or withdrawal of corticosteroid therapy with tacrolimus appears to be a distinct advantage compared with cyclosporin and this may be enhanced by the reduced incidence of infectious complications and of hypertension and HC reported by some investigators in other respects however the tolerability profile of tacrolimus appears to be broadly similar to that of cyclosporin against this BG preliminary data indicate that tacrolimus provides a valuable therapeutic alternative to retransplantation in patients experiencing liver or kidney graft AAR or drugrelated toxicity pending confirmation of initial randomised studies and preliminetinal afferents cells of the lower part of lamina vi projected to the lateral part of the lateral po and they also sent collaterals to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus where they participated in the formation of rods the corticothalamic projection of lamina v cells originated from collaterals of corticofugal cells whose main axons reached the tectum andor the PN these collaterals never terminated within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus they arborized in the lateral posterior lateral dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei all corticothalamic cells from lamina vi displayed the same type of axonal network made of long branches decorated by terminal boutons emitted en passant at the tip of fine stalks CT fibers arising from lamina v however generated varicose endings in restricted regions of their target nuclei all CT axons derived from lamina vi cells but not those derived from lamina v cells gave off collaterals as they traversed the RE complex these results demonstrate that corticothalamic fibers arising from the rat V1 display a laminadependent projection pattern in the light of previous studies on the topographical organization of CT projections it is proposed that a similar organizational plan characterizes corticothalamic relationships in other sensory systems in the rat and in other species | MEDAL |
we report on a patient with cytomegaloviral epididymitis and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome the diagnosis was suggested by epididymitis that was refractory to antibiotics and by isolation of cytomegalovirus from the urine and semen the definitive diagnosis was made with immunohistochemical staining for cytomegaloviral antigens in the epididymal ductal cells because of the ineffectiveness of antimicrobial agents in this disorder epididymectomy is the current treatment of choice | MEDAL |
contact cwndyag laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed on patients eyes with glaucoma who were not responding to medical treatment or had failure of prior surgical procedures no selection was made as to the type of glaucoma congenital primary secondary due to trauma or inflammation we applied between and exposures mm posterior to the limbus prior to CPC the mean intraocular pressure iop was mm hg as a result of the treatment the mean iop was lowered to mm hg in eyes with congenital neovascular and inflammatory glaucoma a therapeutic effect could only be achieved by repeated coagulations the patients were followed for a mean of months months one eye developed a transient CD in two eyes iris hemorrhages were noted contact CPC is generally well tolerated randomized studies are to be carried out to confirm whether CPC is an ERP tool in the treatment of glaucoma until then cyclophotocoagulation should be restricted to cases not responding to conventional therapy | MEDAL |
the generation of liquid crystal display waste is becoming a serious social problem predicting LCD waste status is the foundation for establishing a recycling network however the difficulty in predicting liquid crystal display waste quantity lies in data mining in order to determine the quantity and the CSD of liquid crystal display waste in china the four topselling LCD products liquid crystal display tvs desktop pcs notebook pcs and mobile phones were selected as T0 objects then the D2 logistic MM and market supply a method was used to predict the quantity of liquid crystal display waste products moreover the distribution of LCD waste products in different regions was evaluated by examining the consumption levels of household equipment the results revealed that the quantity of waste liquid crystal displays would increase rapidly in the next decade in particular the predicted quantity of waste liquid crystal displays would rise to approximately à pieces in and the total display area ie the SA of LCD panels of waste liquid crystal displays would reach à m the prediction on the display area of waste LCD tvs showed that it would account for of the total display area by meanwhile the quantity of waste mobile phones would significantly grow increasing times from to in terms of CSD guangdong is the top waste liquid crystal displaygenerating province in china followed by jiangsu shandong henan zhejiang and sichuan considering its regional characteristics guangdong has been proposed to be the most important location of the recycling network | MEDAL |
angioplasty in patients with unstable PD disease is associated with higher complication rates compared with patients with SD disease in this report we describe our results from a group of patients with unstable disease unstable angina pectoris and postmyocardial infarction where a strategy of delaying angioplasty for days after admission was undertaken included are consecutive patients treated for stable angina pectoris and treated during admission for unstable angina or myocardial infarction there was no difference between the two groups in angioplasty success stable unstable failure to dilate without complication stable unstable or in the rate of major complications death stable unstable qwave myocardial infarction stable unstable and emergency coronary i.a. bypass stable unstable the duration of hospitalization following angioplasty was longer in the unstable group days vs days p because of longer duration of heparin infusion there was no difference between groups in minor complications such as groin hematoma and pssynthase is a target enzyme in anticancer antiviral antifungal and antiprotozoan chemotherapy with two dump analogues fluorodump fdump and trifluoromethyldump cfdump strong thymidylate synthase inhibitors and active forms of drugs the inhibition mechanism is based on the reaction mechanism recent comparative studies of new dump analogues containing more than one substituent in the pyrimidine ring showed that substitution of the pyrimidine ring c o group in fdump by either c noh group in nhydroxyfdcmp or c s group in thiofdump preserves high inhibitory potency of the drug but may alter its specificity for thymidylate synthases from various sources which differ in sensitivity to slowbinding inhibition by fdump informations suggesting mechanisms responsible for the foregoing have been reviewed including results of molecular modeling studies suggesting interaction of the pyrimidine c o group or its modification with the nmethyleneabstract truncated | MEDAL |
the molecular basis governing the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells hescs remains largely unknown systemslevel analysis by proteomics provides a unique approach to tackle this question however the requirement of a large number of cells for proteomics analysis ie cells makes this assay challenging especially for the T0 of rare events during hescs lineage specification here a fully integrated proteomics sample processing and analysis platform termed rare cell proteomic reactor rcpr was developed for large scale quantitative proteomics analysis of hescs with â¼ cells hescs were CR extracted by a defined lysis buffer and all of the proteomics sample processing procedures including protein preconcentration reduction alkylation and digestion were integrated into one single capillary column with a strong cation exchange monolith matrix furthermore online 2DE lcmsms analysis was performed directly using rcpr as the first dimension strong cation exchange column unique proteins were identified on this system using only hescs for stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture silacbased quantitative T0 a readytouse and chemically DM and an in situ differentiation procedure were developed for CR silac labeling of hescs with well characterized selfrenewal and differentiation properties mesodermenriched differentiation was studied by rcpr using hescs and proteins were quantified with a minimum of two peptides per protein of these proteins exhibited significant changes during mesodermenriched differentiation and eight proteins were demonstrated for the first time to be overexpressed during early mesoderm OD this work provides a new platform for the study of rare cells and in particular for further elucidating proteins that govern the mesoderm lineage specification of human CFU-S stem cells | MEDAL |
apoptosis has been implicated recently as a prominent response of the brain to a variety of insults such as ischemia and trauma in this study we demonstrate that apoptosis is a prominent part of the brains response to a thermal insult to examine the brains response to a thermal insult a new model of thermal BB injury in the laboratory rat was developed water heated to degrees c was passed over an area of thinned calvarium for min this resulted in an actual BB temperature of degrees c a uniform area of triphenyltetrazolium chloride pallor was demonstrated and pyknotic SN were seen in the area of injury by hematoxylineosin staining apoptosis was demonstrated by the characteristic dna fragmentation seen by agarose gel electrophoresis apoptag in situ staining and electron microscopy the findings of apoptosis were localized to the area of thermal injury and were time dependent starting h T3 the insult and peaking approximately h T3 the insult this represents one of the first demonstrations that apoptosis occurs in the brain in response to a thermal injury | MEDAL |
the article presents the experience of implementation of system of SQ management into the practice of multifield laboratory of emergency medical care hospital the analysis of laboratory PE is applied and the modes of their prevention are demonstrated the ratings of department of laboratory diagnostic of the n v sklifosofskiy research institute of emergency care in the program eqas usa monthly clinical chemistry from are presented the implementation of the system of SQ management of laboratory analysis into department of laboratory diagnostic made it possible to support physicians of clinical departments with reliable information the confidence of clinicians to received results increased the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostic increased due to lowering costs of analysis without negative impact to quality of curative process | MEDAL |
despite strong evidence for a genetic component to R2 in highdensity VLDL levels hdlc TPS polymorphisms associated with normal variation in hdlc have not been identified it is known however that hdlc C2 are influenced in complex ways by AF related to age and sex in this paper we examined the evidence for age and sexspecific linkage of hdlc in a longitudinal sample of participants from the framingham heart study to determine if aging could influence our ability to detect linkage we explored the evidence for linkage of hdlc at three time points t t and t spaced approximately years apart and corresponding respectively to visits and for the original cohort and and for the offspring and spouses additionally to examine the effects of sex on linkage at each time point we estimated the heritability and genetic correlation of hdlc performed NPL of hdlc tested for genotypebysex interaction at a qtl and performed linkage analysis of hdlc in males and females separately | MEDAL |
major vascular involvement by a bronchogenic cyst is rare most large cysts cause respiratory symptoms we present a case in which a large bronchogenic cyst was Ad to the LPA during removal of the cyst by RA thoracotomy the i.a. lacerated repair of the artery in such a situation taxes the surgeons ingenuity and decisionmaking process | MEDAL |
this study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the health literacy index for female marriage immigrants hlifmi study participants were women who migrated to korea from asian countries to marry and had a mean age of years and had immigrated a mean of years ago data were collected between march and may an initial preliminary items were developed based on literature reviews and focus group interviews including three constructs of health literacy skills print numeracy tasks access understand appraise apply and health contexts HP and disease prevention health care maintenance and treatment health system navigation exploratory factor analyses of the hlifmi yielded items in two AF accessunderstand health literacy seven items and appraiseapply health literacy five items cronbachs alpha criterion validity was supported through a significant correlation with the rapid estimate of AD literacy in medicineshort form guided by a CP test theory and item response theory item difficulty and discrimination were within acceptable ranges hlifmi scores were positively associated with participant education and korean proficiency the hlifmi appears to be the first valid and reliable comprehensive health literacy measure for evaluating health literacy in korean female marriage immigrants | MEDAL |
the identity of the maturationinducing steroid mis in black porgy acanthopagrus schlegeli a marine protandrous teleost is unknown previous studies demonstrated that two teleost miss the progestins betatrihydroxypregnenone betas and betadihydroxypregnenone dhp can induce maturation of black porgy oocytes in vitro the purpose of the present study was to identify the L1 progestin produced during oocyte maturation om in black porgy and investigate whether its secretion increases during this process females were injected twice with a lhrh analog to induce om ovarian follicles undergoing om were incubated in vitro with tritiated hpregnenolone precursor and the 3H products were extracted purified and identified by hplc tlc acetylation and recrystallization significant amounts of tritiated products were biosynthesized from hpregnenolone that comigrated with betas but not with dhp on hplc and tlc similar tlc profiles were obtained with the tritiated products isolated from the hplctlc betas fraction and standard betas after the acetylation reaction the identity of the tritiated products as betas was confirmed by recrystallization betas had a slightly higher potency than dhp in the inducing in vitro final oocyte maturation plasma betas concentrations increased significantly during the oocyte maturation T3 injection with a lhrh analog the present data suggest that betas is the mis in black porgy | MEDAL |
we optimized the axonal blocking effect of VHF biphasic stimulation on neurally evoked contractions of the external urethral sphincter eus and further investigated the repeatability of the blocking effect during relatively long periods to evaluate any acute nerve damage | MEDAL |
strontium has been successfully used to induce activation of mouse oocytes in nuclear transfer and other experiments but the optimum treatment conditions have not been studied systematically when cumulusfree oocytes were treated with mm srcl for h activation rates to did not differ meanse p but rate of blastulation and cell number per blastocyst were the highest T3 treatment for h when treated with mm srcl for h the activation rate and cell number per blastocyst were higher p after mm srcl treatment than other treatments the best activation and OD were obtained with cafree sr medium but the activation rate was low in cacontaining medium activation rates were the same regardless of the presence or absence of cytochalasin b B6 in the activating medium but the blastulation rate was higher p in the presence of cb only of the cumulusenclosed oocytes were activated and blastulated after a min SE to mm srcl and many lydently modified by protein engineering therefore the scavd scaffold can be used to construct spatially and stoichiometrically defined pseudotetrameric avidin molecules showing different domain characteristics in addition unmodified scavd could be used as a F0 partner since it provides a unique nonoligomeric structure which is fully functional with four highaffinity biotinbinding sites furthermore the subunittodomain strategy described in the present T0 could be applied to other proteins and protein complexes facilitating the OD of sophisticated protein tools for applications in nanotechnology and life sciences | MEDAL |
the proliferation rate of ht Caco-2 cells was decreased by the MTA mta ly this effect correlated with a buildup of cells near the gs interface after h of incubation and a synchronized progression of the population through s phase during the next h mta treatment microm was minimally cytotoxic to ht cells T3 a h exposure and no dose response was observed in contrast the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine gem was cytotoxic ic microm ic microm T3 a h SE we hypothesized that i.c.v. of these cells with mta would increase the potency of gem by synchronizing the population for dna synthesis the cytotoxicity of gem increased fold when mta was po h before gem ic microm ic microm in addition an increase in cell kill for the combination compared with gem CT ic microm for gem alone ic microm for combination was observed no increase in potency or cell kill was observed when the two EDC were added simultaneously mta pretreatment also potentiated the cytotoxicity of a h SE to gem these cellbased observations were D2 to evaluate the scheduledependent interaction of these two agents in vivo using a nude mouse ht xenograft tumor MM at the doses tested mta CT mgkg had a marginal effect on tumor growth delay whereas gem mgkg produced a statistically significant tumor GD in combination the increase in tumor growth delay was greatest when mta was administered before gem compared with simultaneous drug administration or the reverse sequence eg gem followed by mta the effect of sequential administration of mta followed by gem was greater than additive indicating synergistic interaction of these agents thus in vitro mta induced cell cycle effects on ht cells that resulted in potentiation of the cytotoxicity of gem in vivo combination of thects of these two inhibitors suggest that chx is unlikely to stabilize the il mrna by inhibiting the expression of a labile rnase cdmediated il mrna stabilization does not require translation and il mrna decay is not coupled to translation to block translation in cis we generated sequencetagged il genomic reporters that contain a PTC ptc in both the presence and absence of costimulation these ptccontaining mrnas exhibit drastically diminished stability interestingly the addition of chx but not pur CR restored cdmediated stabilization suggesting that chx can block the enhanced decay induced by a ptc finally chx was able to superinduce il mrna levels in antitcr abstimulated cells but not in cdcostimulated cells suggesting that chx may also act by other mechanisms | MEDAL |
more than two decades ago marilyn kozak proposed the scanning MM of translation initiation whereby translation is initiated at the first aug codon that is in a particular context in this article we reexamine the context of initiator codons using a C1 dataset of curated human transcripts we find that more than of transcripts contain aug codons UP of the actual start codon and that most authentic augs contain three or more mismatches from the consensus sequence ccaccaugg also in a large fraction of transcripts the sequences surrounding the initiator codon deviate more from the consensus than those surrounding UP augs indicating that translation initiation from downstream augs is more common than generally believed | MEDAL |
resistance to thyroid hormone is a syndrome characterized by high SS FT C2 and unsuppressed serum tsh concentration thyroxinebinding globulin CR deficiency manifests with low SS T3 and t C2 and NS tsh concentration our objective is to describe a family with the coexistence of resistance to thyroid hormone and TBG CR deficiency | MEDAL |
it has been reported that active oxygen andor free radicals are produced in the CNS system cns compartment in patients with bacterial meningitis so it is supposed that the levels of endogenous antioxidative scavengers in the cerebrospinal fluid csf are elevated as an adaptive reaction to bacterial meningitis which exerts severe AS on the human body we assumed that they are also elevated in patients with convulsive diseases nitric oxide no and endogenous antioxidative scavengers glutathione gsh glutathione peroxidase gpx total superoxide dismutase tsod manganese superoxide dismutase mnsod and catalase were measured in csf from a group of child patients with various neurological diseases and a control group no gsh and gpx activities in csf from the patients with convulsive diseases were significantly higher than in those with aseptic meningitis or in the controls furthermore all parameters in csf from patients with bacterial meningitis were significantly higher than in any other group the present study suggests that oxidative AS may be associated with the pathophysiology of convulsion and that its clinical attenuation will lead to improvement in the prognosis for convulsive diseases | MEDAL |
the flp sitespecific recombinase from saccharomyces cerevisiae induces dna bending upon interaction with the flp recognition target frt site the minimal frt site is comprised of two inverted binding elements which flank a central core region IB of a single monomer of flp to dna induces a dna bend of degrees the position of this bend differed depending on whether the ATP contained a single IB PE or a twoelement frt site in the present work we tested and disproved a MM in which a single flp monomer interacts with both symmetry elements of a single frt site likewise we showed that a model in which a flp monomer dissociates from a singly occupied frt site and reassociates with the unbound PE of another singly occupied frt site during electrophoresis does not account for the apparent shift in the position of the bend centre it seems that the movement of a flp monomer between the a and b elements of one frt site during electrophoresis accounts for this anomaly the position of the dna bend resulting from the association of a flp monomer with the frt site is also influenced by the dna sequences flanking the site we conclude that attempts to measure the bend centre of a complex of one flp molecule bound to a dna containing two binding elements give misleading results the position of the bend is more accurately measured in the presence of a single binding element | MEDAL |
ultrasonography is the most commonly used screening modality for focal liver lesions in europe over the past few years to overcome the inherent limitations of bmode imaging and colourdoppler ultrasound in identifying and characterising focal CL lesions intravenous agents capable of enhancing the ultrasound signal emitted by V1 and PC structures have been developed from december to december about patients with a known tumour hcvrelated chronic cirrhotic MLD or with an ind focal CL lesion discovered incidentally were evaluated by ultrasound of the CL parenchyma both in baseline conditions and T3 administration of CM the ultrasound contrast agents used were sonovue bracco milanitaly and optison mallinckrodt london uk our experience is based on low mechanicalindex contrastenhanced imaging which acts conservatively performed with different commercially available algorithms in greyscale mode CT bmode we report the morphological patterns displayed by the main benign and malignant liver lesions after the administration of secondgeneration ultrasound CM and review the main imaging patterns able to provide ERP and practical guidance in formulating a diagnosis of benignity or malignancy our clinical experience confirmed the literature findings that the introduction of low mechanical index methods in greyscale imaging has allowed qualitatively better results for detecting and characterising focal CL lesions than those obtained with baseline and colourdoppler imaging the ease of use substantial repeatability and predictability of the enhancement effects obtainable with low mechanical index methods are the main reasons for the success of this RPA broadening the scope of studies to obtain controlled data and comparisons with the other imaging modalities is crucial for the definitive validation of the method | MEDAL |
SS induced by lipopolysaccharide lps produces SVR SH and decreased responsiveness to vasoconstrictors recently intravenous injection of hemoglobin hgb into rats was found to be protective from a subsequent lethal dose of lps and was correlated with induction of the enzyme heme oxygenase ho to determine whether the hgb modulated the vasomotor tone of SVR arteries we evaluated the effect of in vivo treatment with hgb and lps on vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine pe in the isolated rat aorta rats n for each group were injected intravenously with rat hgb mgkg iv or normal saline control con h before sacrifice andor lps mgkg or con h before sacrifice the descending aorta was dissected into rings and suspended in a modified krebs solution where vasoconstrictor responses were determined to kcl mm and pe to m lps but not hgb inhibited the vasoconstrictor response to kcl lps hgb and hgblps inhibited the maximal vasoconstrictor response to pe pemax induction of ho rna in the aorta by hgb and by lps was demonstrated by northern blot analysis to determine if induction of ho was related to the effect of lps or hgb on VR vessels were treated with the ho inhibitor snpp microm pemax in snpphgb vessels was not different from control whereas snpplps vessels had a marked decrease in pemax we conclude that induction of ho does not protect the RA from the vasodepressor effects of lps in vitro our results demonstrate however that the induction of ho causes vasodepression possibly via increased production of carbon monoxide | MEDAL |
experimentally introduced tension on kinetochores and their centromeres has been shown to stabilize kinetochore att to MTs modify kinetochore directional instability and regulate cellcycle progression into anaphase in mitosis kinetochore tension and the stretch of centromere chromatin are produced by the movement of sister kinetochores toward opposite poles and astral ejection forces on the chromosome arms however newt lung cell kinetochores oscillate between poleward and away from the pole motility states throughout mitosis indicating kinetochores are not under constant tension to test whether kinetochores are under net tension while they are oscillating and how often they are under compression and pushing into the chromosome we measured the distance between sister kinetochores in newt lung cells using both videoenhanced differential interference contrast microscopy vedic and immunofluorescence microscopy weed in the absence of mcm these results demonstrate that in the presence of mcm the CS specificity of alpha is extended to these positions | MEDAL |
experiments were done to T0 the dynamic structural motions that determine protein HX hx behavior the replacement of a solventexposed lysine residue with glycine lysgly in a helix of recombinant cytochrome c does not perturb the native structure but it entropically potentiates mainchain flexibility and thus can promote local distortional motions and largescale unfolding the mutation accelerates NH hydrogen exchange of the mutated residue by about fold neighboring residues in the same helix by less and residues elsewhere in the protein not at all except for leu which registers the change in global stability the pattern of hx changes shows that the coupled structural distortions that dominate exchange can be several residues in extent but they expose to exchange only one NH nh at a time this local fluctuation mode of hydrogen exchange may be generally recognized by disparate nearneighbor rates and a low dependence on destabilants denaturant temperature pressure in contrast concerted unfolding reactions expose multiple neighboring amide nhs with very similar computed protection factors and they show marked destabilant sensitivity in both modes ionic hydrogen exchange catalysts attack from the bulk solvent without diffusing through the protein matrix | MEDAL |
an ELISA assay for detecting listeria monocytogenes antibodies in bovine n caprine n and ovine n milk samples was evaluated by comparison with bacteriological examination microtiter plates were coated with proteins obtained from culture supernatant and antibodies were revealed with a monoclonal antibody able to react with the immunoglobulins belonging to the three animal species the arithmetic mean optical density od of milk samples infected with l monocytogenes was above that of uninfected milk samples or milk samples INF with pathogens others than l monocytogenes with an od threshold of for goat and ewe milk samples the sensitivity and specificity of the test were and respectively the choice of a different od threshold for cows allowed the discrimination of all of the INF cows and yielded no false positives and both sensitivity and specificity were | MEDAL |
we assayed GM-CSF committed progenitor cells cfugm erythroid committed progenitor cells bfue and pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor cells cfumix in the peripheral blood of patients with hairy cell leukemia hcl ALL one all and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cll in hcl patients retaining their spleens the number of circulating cfugm bfue and cfumix were under the lower limits of NCs in and cases respectively and were in the lower normal ranges in the remaining cases six splenectomized hcl patients had generally more CPC than their nonsplenectomized counterparts in the IP blood of patients with all and patients with cll progenitor cells of all types were markedly increased compared to their respective values in the blood of control subjects hairy cells from hcl patients failed to inhibit cfugm bfue and cfumix derived colony growth from control IP blood mononuclear cells in hcl patients previously low CPC did not rise months after rcalpha ifn treatment despite normalization of IP blood counts our results suggest that a reduction of the committed and CFU-S CFU-GM compartment might be at least in part responsible for the pancytopenia in the majority of patients with hcl | MEDAL |
atpbinding cassette a abca gene has recently been identified as a strong genetic locus associated with lateonset alzheimers disease load through genomewide association studies gwass abca is a member of the atpbinding cassette abc transporter gene superfamily which codes for abc proteins divided into subfamilies coded ag as a multispan transmembrane protein abca is most abundantly expressed in the microglial cells in the brain the levels of abca have been detected to be increased in the alzheimers disease ad brain which positively correlated with amyloid plaque burden and disease severity emerging data suggests that abca could be associated with ad via various pathways possibly including amyloidβ aβ accumulation lipid metabolism and phagocytosis in this review we summarize the known functions of abca and discuss the singlenucleotide polymorphisms snps related to load as well as their potential physiological effects finally given the contributions of abca to ad pathogenesis targeting abca might provide novel opportunities for ad therapy | MEDAL |
the MPC is a multisubunit high molecular weight proteinase present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells this catalytic complex is involved in diverse cellular functions as part of the ubiquitin proteolysis system including nonlysosomal proteolysis antigen presentation Tc progression and cell proliferation and in the programmed death of intersegmental muscles T3 AD eclosion in the tobacco hornworm moth manduca sexta we have investigated the distribution of the MPC in the CNS system of this moth at all stages of postembryonic development most cell types exhibited consistent low C2 of cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for the MCP complex high C2 of cellspecific accumulation of the complex were however demonstrated in abdominal neurosecretory cells and in imaginal cells in the larval brain the larval segmental ganglia and the developing wing discs imaginal cells exhibited intense immunoreactivity for the multicatalytic proteinase complex only until the onset of terminal differentiation intersegmental muscles undergoing programmed cell death exhibited intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for the multicatalytic proteinase while persisting flight muscles and dying neurons were characterized by basal levels of IF these staining patterns suggest that the MCP of manduca sexta serves multiple functions and is associated with the period of developmental arrest displayed by imaginal cells prior to metamorphosis | MEDAL |
calcium channel voltagedependent alphadelta S1 cacnad gene is considered to be an important noncytokine candidate gene influencing mastitis scanty of reports are available until today regarding the role play of cacnad gene on the susceptibility of bovine mastitis we interrogated the cacnad ga ag snp by pcrrflp among two hundreds frieswal hf x sahiwal F1 cattle of indian origin genotypic frequency of aa n was comparatively higher than ag n and gg n association of somatic cell score scs with genotypes revealed that gg genotypes showing lesser count less susceptible to mastitis compare to aa and ag relative expression of cacnad transcript in milk samples was significantly higher among gg than ag and aa further we have also isolated blood sample from the all groups and pbmcs were cultured from each blood sample as per the standard protocol they were treated with calcium channel blocker and the expression level of the cacnad gene was evaluated by real time pcr results show that expression level decline in each genotypic group T3 treatment and expression level of gg are again significantly higher than aa and ag thus it may be concluded that gg genotypic animals are favorable for selecting disease resistant breeds | MEDAL |
direct reciprocity or repeated interaction is a main mechanism to sustain cooperation under social dilemmas involving two individuals for larger CG and networks which are probably more relevant to understanding and engineering our society experiments employing repeated multiplayer social dilemma games have suggested that humans often show conditional cooperation behavior and its moody variant mechanisms underlying these behaviors largely remain unclear here we provide a proximate account for this SMB by showing that individuals adopting a type of reinforcement learning called aspiration learning phenomenologically behave as conditional cooperator by definition individuals are satisfied if and only if the obtained payoff is larger than a fixed aspiration level they reinforce actions that have resulted in satisfactory outcomes and antireinforce those yielding unsatisfactory outcomes the results obtained in the present study are GA in that they explain extant experimental results obtained for both socalled moody and nonmoody conditional cooperation prisoners dilemma and public goods games and wellmixed groups and networks different from the previous theory individuals are assumed to have no access to information about what other individuals are doing such thath primary antiphospholipid syndrome paps in this retrospective propensity scorematched cohort T0 we evaluated the impact of hcq on apl titers and the incidence of thrombotic events in exposed patients compared to not exposed patients these were matched for sextype of disease onsetfollowup duration age at the beginning of the followup ± years and initial date of the followup ± years at baseline no significant differences in demographical clinical and serological features were observed between the two groups except for positive antiextractable nuclear antigen antibodies in hcq exposed vs in hcq not exposed p both the levels of igg anticardiolipin and iggigm antiβglycoprotein i antiβgpi were significantly reduced at end of followup compared to the baseline in hcqexposed patients while there were no differences in the other group moreover antiβgpi igg titers were significantly decreased when the end of followup was compared between the two CG p among patients with a PH of thrombosis the annual incidence of recurrence was in hcq exposed and in not exposed patients with a significant reduction in the incidence of arterial events vs this T0 shows a strong reduction in apl titers together with an apparent decrease in the incidence of arterial thrombosis recurrence in paps patients treated with hcq | MEDAL |
in our laboratories more than urinary calculi have been analyzed by infrared spectroscopy these data were statistically analyzed by microcomputer the most frequent type was calcium Ox combined with calcium phosphate followed by pure calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate combined with calcium phosphate in particular the composition of MAP combined with calcium phosphate increased as compared with that four years earlier four years ago we spent one month to statistically analyze urinary calculi but in this study only sixteen days was required to analyze urinary calculi by using a microcomputer | MEDAL |
decreased GIT has been observed in all forms of obesity however some studies implicate insulin resistance rather than obesity per se as the mechanism by which glucoseinduced thermogenesis is reduced to establish the role of insulin resistance in reduced thermogenesis independent of obesity we compared SE expenditure in nonobese individuals with NIDDM niddm to nonobese control subjects using indirect calorimetry and the hyperinsulinemic clamp technique to document the presence of insulin resistance and reduced glucoseinduced thermogenesis in nonobese niddm individuals from each group were studied under identical conditions of hyperinsulinemia mummin and euglycemia approximately mmoll both gl uptake vs gmin and energy expenditure above basal vs kcalmin were decreased in nonobese niddm compared to control subjects both p less than to determine whether decreased glucoseinduced thermogenesis could be overcome by correcting for reduced gl uptake the nonobese niddm individuals were age and weightmatched to control subjects and clamps were performed at matched rates of glucose uptake during a mummin insulin infusion the nonobese niddm individuals were studied at HG mmoll and compared to the control subjects at euglycemia mmoll p less than under these conditions both groups achieved similar rates of gl uptake vs gmin niddm and control subjects respectively and similar rates of energy expenditure above basal vs kcalmin p ns during mummin clamps performed at hyperglycemia vs mmoll niddm vs control subjects respectively p less than rates of maximal glucose uptake vs gmin and SE expenditure above basal vs kcalmin were also similar p ns in conclusion nonobese niddm is associated with both decreased rates of gl uptake and decreased GIT decreased gl substrate availability due to impaired insulin action appears to be the critical determinant of GIT in nonobese niddm these data indicate that decreased thermogenesis in niddm is a consequence of insulin resistance and can occur independent of obesity | MEDAL |
the expression of somatostatin mrna within the neocortex of the rat was examined by in situ hybridization with an alkaline phosphataselabeled probe we sought to determine whether parcellation of the neocortex could be based upon the number and laminar location of the hybridized cells our investigation demonstrated that the boundaries of the neocortical Az can be determined by the distribution DP of neurons expressing somatostatin mrna few hybridized cells were located within SL iv and this sparsity of cells within their wide granular layer marked the primary sensory Az the occipital region was stratified with intensely labeled cells in layers iiiii and vi and faintly labeled cells in layer v the parietal region carried a similar stratification but more space between intensely labeled cells in layers iii and v and between layers v and vi gave thein an environmentally controlled setting postconceptional ages of neonates at each recording session ranged from to wk minutebyminute analyses of eeg discontinuity motility arousals and rem were performed eight phasic events and continuity measures of sleep were tabulated data were analyzed using spearman rank order rho coefficients increases in arousal numbers p and durations p were noted with age only during continuous periods of eeg activity ie active sleep rem also increased with corrected age during ind or transitional sleep p and decreased during quiet sleep p decreases in small body movements per minute p and large body movements per minute p occurred only during discontinuous periods of eeg activity ie quiet sleep sleep efficiency p maintenance p and latency p also decreased with increasing PCA cycle length between two segments of continuous eeg with an intervening period of eeg discontinuity also lengthened with maturation p these findings are discussed in the context of previously reported differences in phasic and continuity measures noted between PT and fullterm infants at matched fullterm postconceptional ages changes in phasic and continuity measures with increasing postconceptional ages reflect maturation of specific neuronal processes of the cns within a rudimentary sleep cycle of the preterm neonate | MEDAL |
laminin was selectively extracted from different mouse tissues using edtacontaining buffer by immunoblotting with an AS raised against mouse engelbrethholmswarm ehs RT laminin such extracts could be shown to contain lamininlike molecules with a low apparent proportion of a chain to b chains native laminin was purified from mouse heart tissue and was shown to have an aberrant polypeptide composition as compared to mouse ehs tumor laminin most prominently mouse HR laminin contains an mr polypeptide which is not antigenically related to the a or the b chains furthermore nonreducible polypeptide components were seen with apparent mr values of and the mr component contains epitopes shared with both ehs RT laminin and the mr polypeptide and possibly represents a covalently crosslinked complex of an a or b chain with the mr chain | MEDAL |
TLS tls is a life threatening emergency due to destruction and massive release of intracellular metabolites from cancer cells often resulting in acute kidney injury aki sometimes severe enough to require dialysis akid the impact of dialysis requirement in aki has not been explored we utilized data from the nationwide inpatient sample and using international classification of diseases th revision diagnoses codes for tls aki and dialysis evaluated the incidence risk factors and impact of akid on mortality adverse discharge and length of stay los survey multivariable LR was used to compute adjusted odds ratios aor and confidence intervals ci an estimated of all tls hospitalizations n develop akd after adjustment for confounders akid was associated with greater odds of mortality aor ci adverse discharge aor ci and longer los vs days p compared with those without akid further studies to evaluate the association of akid on LT outcomes in patients with tls are needed | MEDAL |
in patients with stable AP hour AEM holter and bicycle ergometry were used before and six months T3 a CABG the examination before T0 was made while antiischaemic medication was po the examination after revascularization was done without medication the patients were divided into group a patients where complete revascularization of resent at the periphery of the RT the EC of these vessels expressed factor viiiag cd and bound ulex europaeus and contained an occasional perithelial cell expressing musclespecific actin in contrast the spindled tumor cells expressed only cd human papilloma virus hpvlike dna transcripts which have been identified in cases of kaposis sarcoma were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in two cases followup information revealed that four patients were alive without disease after wide excision multiple excisions or amputation one case three were AWD and two died one from lymphangiomatosis with respiratory compromise and the other from hemorrhage complicating kasabachmerritt syndrome it appears that treatment should consist of wide local excision and supportive therapy for associated symptoms | MEDAL |
colloidal gold probes were used to study the distribution of PNA binding CS and the deposition of extracellular fibronectin and type iv collagen in cultured human breast cells grown on type i collagen gels qualitative analysis was performed at the ultrastructural level and appraised in relation to the possible role of PNA fibronectin and type iv collagen as PET markers for distinguishing cell types using this methodology peanut agglutinin bound to the surface of cuboidal epithelial cells but not on basal putative ME cells in the cell islands suggesting that it may be a useful functional marker the IB on the epithelial cells was markedly increased by i.c.v. of the cells with neuraminidase no rho was seen between the amount of IB and either the surface topography or cellular ultrastructure fibronectin and type iv collagen were demonstrated on the fibrillar network left on the collagen gels after removal of the cell sheet any cells still adhering to the gel surface showed no evidence of gold probe IB on their upper surfaces examination of the under surfaces of the cell sheet showed gold probe IB equivalent to that found on the gels under the cells however it was not proven conclusively which cells produce the fibronectin and type iv collagen | MEDAL |
stroke treatment often requires analysis of vascular pathology evaluated using computed tomography ct angiography due to V1 R2 and complexity finding precise relationships between vessel geometries and arterial pathology is difficult a new convex shape decomposition strategy was developed to understand complex V1 structures and synthesize a weighted approximate convex decomposition wacd method for vascular decomposition in computeraided diagnosis | MEDAL |
carboxymethylβcyclodextrin cmcdcapped znoznsmgo nanocomposites which combined watersoluble host molecules with multishelled NCs have been prepared the nanocomposites have good fluorescence performance and hostguest complexation thus a novel FL sensor for the determination of pnitroaniline based on the molecular recognition of watersoluble cmcdcapped znoznsmgo nanocomposites has been proposed AF affecting the pNA PCD were investigated and the optimum conditions were determined under the optimum conditions the relative FI of cmcdcapped znoznsmgo nanocomposites was linearly proportional to the concentration of pnitroaniline over the range from à to à mol l with a correlation coefficient of and a PCD limit of à mol l the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of pNA in water samples the related mechanisms were also discussed | MEDAL |
in vitro bile duct stones mostly comprising calcium bilirubinate are readily fragmented by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy eswl in the case of intrahepatic stones eswl is ERP if the stones float freely in the bile but if the stones CR fill or are impacted within the hepatic duct or bile duct attempts at fragmentation will end in failure three patients with intrahepatic stones were treated with eswl and effectively fragmented the stone fragments passed out spontaneously through ttube sinus tract ptdc sinus tract and the sphincter of oddi as shown in the second cholangiogram no TPS complication was noted in our exp and clinical experience we believe that eswl for fragmentation of biliary stones is technically reliable the problem of the passage of these fragmented stones is considered if necessary it can be overcome by endoscopic means | MEDAL |
βcasomorphin βcm is a milk biological active peptide the present T0 is aimed to investigate the protective effects of βcm against oxidative stress in pancreas of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats by assaying MDA mda nitric oxide no level the activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase sod catalase glutathione peroxidase gshpx and nfκb iNOS synthase inos gene expression a significant increase in the level of oxidative AS was observed in pancreas of the diabetic rats when compared to control rats after d p.o. of βcm à mold the pancreas mda level was markedly reduced p.o. of βcm to diabetic rats showed an obviously increase in the activity of catalase in pancreas p.o. of βcm to the DM of rats also showed a reduction of nfκb and inos mRNA in pancreas the elevated pancreas no level was markedly reduced by the p.o. of βcm thus the results of the present study suggest that βcm may cause protective effects such as pronounced decreasing in oxidative stress and inhibiting nfκbinosno signal pathway in pancreas of diabetes rats | MEDAL |
a coldsensitive mutation in the rpob gene for the rna polymerase beta subunit increasing the temperature of promoter opening on t phage dna was obtained in escherichia coli the mutation also affects the stages preceding promoter opening by increasing the dissociation rate of rna polymerasedna closed complexes the affinity of rna polymerase to t and lambda dna is differentially changed by the mutation the relative efficiency of transcription of these two templates is also changed these results suggest a participation of the rna polymerase beta subunit in the interaction with promoters | MEDAL |
the vector competence in ae aegypti l and ae albopictus skuse from southern taiwan to the dengue virus was studied to elucidate the CSD of dengue infection during the outbreak the BB of ae aegypti was infected as early as d after intrathoracic inoculation the esophagus and the proboscis tissues within the labium were infected d after inoculation the SSG was highly susceptible to the virus but no TPS infection site was found gangli muscles and diverticula within the thorax were not infected in the abdominal area the VP diverticula malpighian tubules ganglia and the dorsal vessel were not INF however the entire gut was susceptible to dengue virus although it was not infected simultaneously only a certain type of midgut epithelial cells was INF by the virus the ovarioles oviducts and accessory glands frequently were infected however the spermathecae were not infected perhaps because of the chitinrich outer SL infections of the testes vas deferens seminal LDV and accessory PG of males also were detected in this T0 the tissues of the proboscis were never INF in ae albopictus but frequently were infected in ae aegypti indicating that the virus may escape the SSG barrier more efficiently in ae aegypti than in ae albopictus when these mosquitoes were fed on hanging drops the SSG infection and transmission rates of ae aegypti were always higher than those of ae albopictus on taiwan ae aegypti appears to be a more competent vector in the transmission of the dengue virus than ae albopictus | MEDAL |
to evaluate whether women during early pregnancy with hypothyroidism PS are at risk of biochemically defined HT the guidelines of the american thyroid association ata recommend casefinding on the basis of PS to identify these women during pregnancy while evidence is lacking | MEDAL |
sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan acetamidosulfanimidechitosan hsacs lsacs acetamidosulfanimidesulfochitosan hsacss lsacss and acetamidosulfanimidecarboxymethylchitosan hsacmcs lsacmcs were prepared using different molecular weights of chitosan cs carboxymethyl chitosan cmcs and chitosan sulfates css reacted with acetamidobenzene sulfonyl chloride in dimethylsulfoxide solution the structures of the derivatives were characterized by ftir spectroscopy and elemental analysis which showed that the substitution degree of sulfanilamide group of hsacs hsacss hsacmcs lsacs lsacss and lsacmcs were and respectively the solubility of the derivatives ph was higher than that of chitosan ph the antifungal activities of the derivatives against aiternaria solani and phomopsis asparagi were evaluated based on the method of jasso et al in the experiment the results indicated that all the prepared SA derivatives had a significant inhibiting effect on the investigated fungi in the CP concentration range from to microg ml the antifungal activities of the derivatives increased with increasing the molecular weight concentration or the substitution degree the sulfanilamide derivatives of cs cmcs and css show stronger antifungal activities than cs cmcs and css | MEDAL |
the objective was to study explanatory AF for helpseeking among incontinent women and what was the outcome of the treatment a questionnaire was mailed to all women aged or over in the rural community of rissa norway women confirming incontinence gave information about duration precipitating AF frequency amount of leakage and impact questions about doctor consultation or planned consultation treatment and results were included women with incontinence which had resolved without treatment were also recorded a total of answered the questionnaire twenty per cent of women with incontinence n had consulted a doctor had planned to consult increasing age and duration and urgemixed type of incas and biliary glycoprotein bgp as well as pregnancyspecific glycoproteins psgs the genes encoding these proteins can be subdivided into the cea and psg subgroups the members of the subgroups share antigenic determinants and show high similarity in aminoacid sequences their derived AA structures show them to belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily due to the close relationship of the members of the cea subgroup it is very difficult to distinguish between the individual members with mabs here we have used flow cytometric analysis of transfectants expressing individual members of the cea subgroup as an alternative RPA to determine the specificities of mabs this allows us to examine the specificities of these antibodies for members of the cea family even of those which have not yet been characterized at the protein level in addition IB of the mabs to ncas expressed by polymorphonuclear cells pmn was tested by westernblot analysis IP and flow cytometry four antibodies bound exclusively to nca and one mab h only to nca mab recognizes cea and bgp on the surface of transfectants and nca from PMNL we assume that nca is a product of the bgp gene on PMNL which do not express cea mab is TPS for nca bgp mutual inhibition of the mabs IB to nca revealed different epitope CG | MEDAL |
the effect of tokishakuyakusan ts and keishibukuryogan kb on estradiol beta progesterone and testosterone in serum and ovarian tissue from pmstreated immature rats was examined in vivo the in vivo intravenous administration of micrograms of ts or kb increased the concentrations of estradiol beta progesterone and testosterone these results suggest that ts and kb stimulate in vivo the production of estradiol beta progesterone and testosterone by preovulatory follicles and that ts stimulation is more ERP than kb | MEDAL |
the influence of intestinal microflora on the hepatotoxic effects of dimethylnitrosamine dmn or dimethylamine dma plus nano was studied by comparing the degree of liver necrosis and the C2 of serum alanine aminotransferase gpt and aspartate aminotransferase got in germfree and conventional male wistar rats to g in one experiment both germfree and conventional rats were intubated with dmn in respective doses of and mgkg of body weight while in another experiment both CG were intubated with dma mgkg plus nano mgkg in both experiments hr T3 intubation there was a marked difference in the degree of CL necrosis and the C2 of SS gpt and got between the groups in particular a dose of mg of dmn or mg of dma plus mg of nano produced severe CL necrosis in the majority of germfree rats while the same dose did not produce any detectable CL CN in the majority of conventional rats at a dose of mg serum gpt and got levels were raised to and times normal values respectively in GF rats but only to about twice the normal values for both levels in conventional rats at the combination dose of dma plus nano the levels of SS gpt and got were raised to and times normal values respectively in GF rats while both levels remained almost normal in conventional rats thus the results indicated that the liver of the GF state was far more susceptible to the acute toxic effects of dmn as well as dma plus nano administration at a certain dose range than was the liver of the conventional state suggesting the influence of the absence of microflora | MEDAL |
exposure to dnadamaging agents can elicit a variety of stressrelated responses that may alter the mRNA of numerous biological pathways we used affymetrix microarrays to detect gene expression changes in mouse lymphoma ly and human lymphoblastoid tk cells in response to MMS mms a prototypical alkylating agent and bleomycin a prototypical oxidative mutagen cells were treated for hr and rna was isolated either at the end of the treatment or after a hr recovery period two concentrations of each agent were used based on cytotoxicity levels and tk mutant frequencies our microarray data analysis indicated that mms and bleomycin gene expression responses were considerably different in mouse cells versus human cells the results also suggested that more comprehensive cellular responses to mms and bleomycin occurred in tk cells than in ly cells in contrast to ly cells the response of tk cells to mms and bleomycin was characterized by the induction of pdependent genes that are involved in dna repair Tc regulation and apoptosis it appears that the induction of dna damage by mms in human tk cells mediated cytotoxicity and led to decreased cell survival this may explain the greater sensitivity of tk cells to cytotoxic effects of mms compared to ly cells bleomycin exerted comparable cytotoxic effects in the two cell lines overall these studies were unable to identify distinctive gene expression changes that differentiated bleomycin from mms in either tk cells or mouse lymphoma cells | MEDAL |
sodium exchange was studied in the arterially perfused PTC muscle of the dog three kinetically defined phases accounted for all the myocardial sodium phase vascularlambdao exchange constant min phase interstitiallambda min phase intracellularlambda min in quiescent muscles the phase exchange rate was proportional to frequency of contraction and increased by approximately min for each beatmin increment in rate in muscles demonstrating stable CF a sudden increase in frequency of contraction was followed by a marked increase in phase sodium exchange if muscle function did not deteriorate this increased exchange required min to achieve a Css during this time active tension increased positive staircase and then declined to become stable as the sodium exchange stabilized in muscles in which increased frequency of contraction produced a progressive decrease in AT and contracture sodium exchange failed to increase the characteristics of sodium exchange are compared to those previously defined for calcium and potassium in the perfused dog papillary muscle it is proposed that alteration in sodium exchange is a primary determinant of calcium and potassium movements and thereby plays a significant role in the control of myocardial +dP/dt | MEDAL |
this T0 was focused on genetic diversity of trypanosoma evansi which is a widely distributed haemoflagellate of veterinary importance that infects a variety of larger mammals including horses mules camels buffalo cattle and deer the genetic diversity of t evansi of beef cattle lam was accomplished by using phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer region its blood sample was collected from a naturally infected beef cattle lam and parasitemia was raised by mouse inoculation the parasites were collected and isolated by using de deae cellulose AE column prior to dna extraction upon pcr amplification of its region the product of bp in size was obtained the its nucleotide sequences were analyzed and revealed that it could demonstrate the genetic diversity of t evansi of beef cattle lam based on the its tree beef cattle lam t evansi were categorized into two main CG where the genetic diversity occurred within group the data could be applicable for the survey of parasite dynamics epidemiological studies as well as prevention and control of the disease | MEDAL |
increasingly aortic aneurysms are being repaired using endoluminal grafting techniques complications of such surgery include persistent endoleaks continued growth of the aneurysm and migration or thrombosis of the device consequently patients undergoing endovascular repair must be under rigorous surveillance postoperatively spiral computed tomography scanning is the test of choice to assess the integrity of the repair but frequent scanning subjects the patient to repeated doses of radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents duplex ultrasound has long been used to diagnose the presence of aortic aneurysm and may be an AGA tool for monitoring endovascular grafts however the wide variability in sensitivity specificity positive and negative predictive values and accuracy rates described in the literature reflect the fact that many problems still exist with this technique until these difficulties can be resolved duplex ultrasonography is best used in conjunction with spiral computed tomography | MEDAL |
FRs have extremely short halflives and they readily oxidize lipids and initiate an autocatalytic chain reaction of lipid peroxidation which leads to the formation of LOOH the lipid peroxides undergo degradation to form metastable lipid aldehydes such as hydroxynonenal hne we have shown earlier that under hyperglycemia lipid peroxides increase and aldose reductase an enzyme that reduces glucose to sorbitol efficiently reduces hne the purpose of the present studies was thus to investigate the role of hne in hyperglycemic cataract and understand the mechanisms of its prevention by antioxidants and aldose reductase inhibitors hne and hyperglycemic cataract were developed by culturing rat lenses in tc medium containing microm hne and mm gl respectively the effect of an antioxidant trolox and an aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil on the progression of hne and hyperglycemic cataract evaluated by digital image analysis was followed for and days respectively in lenses cultured with hne the decrease in transmitted light was andt not with retinopathy in japanese patients with niddm | MEDAL |
the use of CLs to satisfy the distance visual acuity requirements for obtaining a civil airman medical certificate has been permitted since according to the federal aviation administrations guide for aviation medical examiners the use of monovision contact lenses is not considered acceptable for aviation duties | MEDAL |
DU polyps are a rare finding in patients presenting for gastroscopy being found in of cases the majority of patients are asymptomatic the most common lesions necessitating removal are DU adenomas which should be differentiated from other mucosal lesions such as ectopic GM and submucosal lesions such as carcinoids and gastrointestinal stromal tumours gists adenomas can occur sporadically or as part of a polyposis syndrome both groups carry malignant potential but this is higher in patients with a polyposis syndrome the majority of sporadic duodenal adenomas are flat or sessile and occur in the second part of the duodenum historically duodenal adenomas have been managed by radical surgery which carried significant mortality and morbidity or more conservative local surgical excision which resulted in high local recurrence rates there is growing evidence for the use of endoscopic mucosal resection emr techniques for treatment of sporadic nonampullary DU adenomas with good outcomes and low complication rates endoscopic submucosal dissection esd carries greater risk of complications and should be reserved for experts in this technique patients with sporadic duodenal adenomas carry an increased risk of Tc neoplasia and should be offered colonoscopy the impact of ER on the course of polyposis syndromes such as familial APC fap needs further T0 | MEDAL |
the present study compares nociceptive responses of neurons in the Rt thalamic nucleus rt to those of the ventroposterior lateral nucleus vpl extracellular singleunit MICs of cells in the rt and vpl were recorded in anesthetized rats only units with identified tactile receptive fields in the forepaw or hindpaw were studied in the first series of experiments rt and vpl responses to pinching with a small i.a. clamp were tested with the rats under pentobarbital urethane ketamine or halothane anesthesia under all types of anesthesia many rt units were inhibited second the specificity of the nociceptive response was tested by pinching and noxious heating of the units tactile receptive field of the vpl units tested were excited by both types of noxious stimuli in sharp contrast of the rt units tested none were excited and were inhibited in a third series of experiments LI and beamdiffused co laser irradiation was used to activate peripheral nociceptive afferents widedynamicrange vpl units responded with short and longlatency excitations in contrast rt units had shortlatency excitation followed by longlatency inhibition nociceptive input inhibited rt units in less than ms we conclude that a significant portion of rt neurons were polysynaptically inhibited by nociceptive inputs since all the cells tested were excited by light tactile inputs the somatosensory rt may serve in the role of a modality gate which modifies ie inhibits tactile inputs while letting noxious inputs pass | MEDAL |
two type of human herpes viruses type epstein barr virus ebv and type hhv are known to cause HM among those ebv is the very most popular human oncovirus it can cause malignant lymphomas of various subtypes including burkitts lymphoma opportunistic lymphomas pyothoraxassociated lymphoma nasal tnk FCCL hodgkins disease and a part of diffuse LCLs hhv is a new member of human oncovirus associating with primary effusion lymphoma a part of solid lymphoma taking diffuse large or ALC morphology and the castlemans RT introduction of histopathologic methodologies makes the correct diagnosis of those herpes virusassociated tumors an easy routine test | MEDAL |
with the aid of steromicroscopical examination of pigment preparations uo to micronm thick the various Az of the occipital lobe of the human brain are described in the occipital lobe there are three main cortical types forming the striate the parastriate area and the peristriate zone the parastriate area is a horseshoeshaped fringe area adjacent to the primary visual field it is conspicuously marked by a relatively dark stripe of pigmented granule cells dividing the fourth layer into a light upper a pigmented middle and a CS lower zone a unique feature of the parastriate area which is not to be found in any other isocortical area this threefold SL disappears abruptly as one passes from the parastriate to a peristriate area permitting the definitive determination of this boundary the peristriate zone is quite C1 in the VPI and the lateral parts of the occipital lobe and comparatively small in the superior parts its peripheral boundaries do not coincide with the limits of the occipital lobe parts of the cuneus on the one side are covered by parietal and temporal Az whereas peristriate Az on the other side penetrate widely into the temporal lobe along the medial occipitotemporal and to a lesser extent the parahippocampal gyrus as regards pigment architecture the peristriate zone is divisble into ten Az a relatively simply organized area accompaines the parastriate area the structure of the SC changes gradually until one reaches the various fringe Az adjacent to the parietal and temporal areas the limit adjoining the temporal Az is sharply traceable since the lower of two light cortical stripes vanishes abruptly when passing from a peristriate to a temporal area the most highly developed field the area peristriata magnopyramidalis occupies part of the inferolateral margin of the occipital lobe it displays a wealth of C1 pyramids in the lower reaches of the third layer which contain tightly packed and densely stained pigment LG forming C1 rounded aggregates in the basal cytoplasm pyramids of this type give the field a close resemblance to association fields such as the posterior speech area where they are commonly encountered as the predominant neurons of the third layer | MEDAL |
modulation of thymic microenvironments during ontogeny and lymphomagenesis in mice was studied with two rat monoclonal antibodies moab which recognized distinct subpopulations of thymic epithelial reticular cells ter in AD thymus the ter subpopulation stained by moab bts was localized in the subcapsular zone corticomedullary junction and medulla in fetal thymus it was initially distributed throughout the rudiment but after day of gestation it was rapidly redistributed to the locations seen in adult thymus from an early stage of thymic lymphomagenesis the ter bearing mbts epitope defined by moab bts in the corticomedullary junction in particular those associating with small blood vessels proliferated and formed a characteristic network throughout the thymus in which numerous growing lymphoma cells were entrapped on the other hand moab akts stained another ter subpopulation that was localized in the cortex in both fetal and AD thymus unlike mbts ter makts ter became increasingly sparser during lymphomagenesis selective proliferation of the mbts ter subpopulation in the corticomedullary junction was seen in spontaneous radiationinduced and chemicalinduced mouse thymic lymphomas the possible biological significance of such modulation of thymic microenvironments in the natural PH of lymphomagenesis is discussed | MEDAL |
little is known about the presentation management outcome and recurrence of hydatid cyst perforations we reviewed the charts of all patients admitted to our emergency service for years to identify patients who were surgically treated for intraperitoneal hydatid cyst perforations twelve hydatid cysts were identified in patients males median age yr range the perforations occurred spontaneously in patients and were the result of mild trauma in patients diagnostic tools included ultrasound us n computed tomography ct n and DPL dpl n the cysts were treated with radical n or conservative n operative techniques intracavitary and IA spaces were washed in and patients respectively the median followup time was months range indirect hemagglutination test was positive in patients but ct confirmed cyst recurrence in only of these patients both had had C1 cysts and had undergone conservative therapy endocystectomy and external drainage an IA recurrence was observed in a patient whose abdomen had not been washed during surgery in conclusion patients with hydatid cyst perforations in our study generally presented with severe ABD findings us ct and dpl may be helpful for the diagnosis recurrence may be related to operative technique location of the cyst and ABD wash during the surgery | MEDAL |
there is considerable evidence that neuroimaging findings can improve the early diagnosis of wernickes HIVE we in clinical settings the most distinctive neuroimaging finding of acute we are cytotoxic edema and vasogenic edema which are represented by BL symmetric hyperintensity alterations on tweighted mr images in the periphery of the third ventricle periaqueductal area mammillary bodies and midbrain tectal plate an initial bout of we can result in korsakoffs syndrome ks but repeated bouts in conjunction with its typical comorbidity chronic ALC can result in signs of tissue degeneration in vulnerable BB regions chronic abnormalities identified with neuroimaging enable examination of BB damage in living patients with ks and have expanded the understanding of the NP deficits resulting from thiamine deficiency alcohol neurotoxicity and their comorbidity brain structure and functional studies indicate that the interactions involving the thalamus mammillary HB hippocampus frontal lobes and cerebellum are crucial for SM formation and EFs and the interruption of these circuits by we and chronic ALC can contribute substantially to the NP deficits in ks | MEDAL |
the oral and written presentation of work arising from clinical practice service development QI projects and research is presently encouraged and supported because this work may involve consumers staff and the organization it is important that proper consideration is given to how the work is disseminated including any ethical implications there is a need to ensure that consumers staff facilities the organization and intellectual property are protected from any potentialllance program and patency was calculated T3 years the relation between the angiographic runoff score and graft patency as well as correlations between hemodynamic data IP resistance and hydraulic impedance were calculated primary and AA patency rates for femoropopliteal grafts were and and those for femorocrural bypasses were and mean angiographic vessel diameters for aboveknee and belowknee popliteal arteries were mm and mm diameters of crural arteries were mm PT i.a. mm anterior tibial i.a. and mm peroneal artery the differences in diameter between popliteal and crural grafts were statistically significant p calculated correlations between the preoperative score and hemodynamic resistance and impedance values or patency rates were generally poor and statistically not significant a statistical significant correlation was found only between svsiscvs score and recipient vessel diameters the angiographic runoff did not correlate with peripheral resistance impedance or patency rates patients with angiographically poor outflow should additionally be evaluated with duplex sonography or magnetic resonance angiography and should not be denied peripheral reconstructions | MEDAL |
lowgrade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms may rupture and seed the peritoneum with bland neoplastic mucinous epithelium resulting when grossly evident in the wellknown process PMP appendiceal diverticula may also rupture resulting in mucin on the appendiceal serosa which may raise concern for an underlying appendiceal mucinous neoplasm we report cases of ruptured appendiceal diverticula that were initially either misdiagnosed as appendiceal mucinous neoplasms raised concern for a neoplasm or were thought to exhibit localized pseudomyxoma peritonei two cases showed eversion of the appendiceal lining onto the serosa showed collision between the diverticulum and endosalpingiosis and had rare nonneoplastic epithelial cells in extraappendiceal mucin most cases showed mucosal hyperplasia mild crypt disarray and variable reactive atypia eight cases had mucosal neuromas or other neural changes none of the patients PD to pseudomyxoma peritonei during the followup interval mean mo pathologists should be aware that ruptured appendiceal diverticula may be associated with serosal mucin and even extraappendiceal epithelium failure to distinguish this process from a mucosal neoplasm with rupture may result in unnecessary therapy and cause the patient undue alarm | MEDAL |
osteoporosis is the most common bone disease affecting millions of people worldwide and leading to significant morbidity and high costs monacolin k an extract of red yeast rice ryr hongqu plays important roles in the management of dyslipidemia coronary HR disease and diabetes our T0 aimed to investigate the protective effect of monacolin k on ovariectomyinduced bone loss in rats fifty female spraguedawley rats were randomly divided into a shamoperated and five ovariectomized ovx CG ovx with vehicle ovx with fluvastatin and ovx with ryr extract of three graded doses bone mineral density bmd biochemical markers and cell viability were analyzed by DXA ELISA assay and dimethylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide mtt assays mRNA was evaluated by RT polymerase chain reaction amplification and western blot our results showed that administration of ryr extract markedly increased the bone mineral density in ovx rats moreover ryr extract decreased the C2 of bone turnover markers including osteocalcin and tartrate resistant ACP the mmt assay revealed that ryr extract treatment significantly improved the osteoblast viabilities in a dosedependent manner p at the molecular level we further demonstrated that ryr extract enhanced the expression of bmp and bmp both at the mrna and protein C2 collectively these data suggested ryr extract could protect against OP in OVX most likely through activation of bmp expression | MEDAL |
previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated intracerebroventricular icv selfadministration of testosterone in hamsters this suggests that androgens are reinforcing independent of their anabolic effects furthermore pharmacologic testosterone acts as a depressant icv testosterone infusion acutely reduces respiration locomotion and body temperature however with chronic exposure males develop tolerance to understand mechanisms for androgen action we looked for fos expression T3 acute and chronic icv infusion of testosterone or vehicle castrated males with chronic physiologic testosterone replacement ngroup were infused icv for hday with microg testosterone or microl VH half of the males were perfused T3 the D1 of icv infusion the remaining males were perfused T3 days of icv infusion microm coronal brain slices were cut every fourth section was stained for fos additional sections were stained for ARs ar and estrogen receptors er testosterone infusion induced fos above control in the posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis bstpm posteromedial amygdala mep lateral habenula lhb median raphe mnr lateral pontine nucleus pn and VTA vta in particular fos was elevated in the bstpm mep lhb and vta only after day of testosterone days of testosterone enhanced fos expression above control in the mnr and lateral pn importantly fos was not present in all BB areas involved in reward or in those with dense steroid receptors furthermore ar and er IS was unaltered by testosterone infusion we conclude that pharmacologic testosterone activates select SS brain regions as well as midbrain areas involved in reinforcement of commonlyabused drugs | MEDAL |
we investigated the mechanism by which a gnrh agonist gnrha affects ovarian vascularity VP and expression of the tight junction protein claudin in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ohss hyperstimulated rats received excessive doses of Pr mare SS gonadotropin pmsg iud for consecutive days from d to of life followed by iu human chorionic gonadotropin hcg on d control rats received iu pmsg on d of life followed by iu hcg on d gnrha leuprolide microgkgd was po to some hyperstimulated rats either on d and shortterm gnrha treatment or from d to LT gnrha treatment ovarian V1 density vessels per mm and vessel EC area percent were assessed by IHC of the CSD of von willebrand factor whereas VP was evaluated based on leakage of evans blue high doses of pmsg and hcg significantly increased ovarian weight VP VD and the vessel EC area and significantly reduced expression of claudin protein and mrna all of these effects were significantly and dosedependently inhibited by administration of gnrha this suggests that reduced expression of claudin plays a crucial role in the increased ovarian vascular permeability seen in ohss and that its expression can be modulated by gnrha treatment indeed preventing redistribution of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells and the resultant loss of endothelial barrier architecture might be the key to protecting patients against massive extravascular fluid accumulation in cases of ohss | MEDAL |
critical stenosis of CAs does not alter MBF mbf at rest but eliminates hyperemia and corresponds to a degree of arterial narrowing that expends subendocardial vasodilator reserve because subepicardial vasodilator reserve remains with critical stenosis at rest we tested the significance of this reserve in six exercising dogs chronically instrumented to measure mbf microspheres regional function SWT with sonomicrometers and coronary blood flow velocity cbfv pulsed doppler critical stenosis produced with a hydraulic occluder limited cbfv and mean mbf to the resting level during TM exercise but mbf was maldistributed subendocardial mbf decreased p less than and subepicardial mbf increased p less than compared with resting control conditions suggesting that a transmural steal phenomenon had occurred with augmented mbf in the subepicardial region at the expense of subendocardial mbf SWT decreased markedly from to p less than during exercise indicating that use of subepicardial vasodilator reserve with critical stenosis had little sustaining effect on regional contractile performance rather subepicardial vasodilator reserve is potentially deleterious inasmuch as a steal effect could contribute to reduced subendocardial perfusion the primary determinant of systolic wall thickening | MEDAL |
a hybrid model comprising the differential mueller matrix formalism and the mueller matrix decomposition method is proposed for extracting the linear birefringence lb LD ld circular birefringence B6 circular dichroism cd and depolarization properties dep of turbid optical samples in contrast to the differentialbased mueller matrix method the proposed hybrid MM provides fullrange measurements of all the anisotropic properties of the optical sample furthermore compared to the decompositionbased mueller matrix method the proposed model is insensitive to the multiplication order of the constituent basis matrices the validity of the proposed method is confirmed by extracting the anisotropic properties of a compound chitosanglucosemicrosphere sample with lbcbdep properties and two ferrofluidic samples with cbcddep and lblddep properties respectively it is shown that the proposed hybrid MM not only yields fullrange measurements of all the anisotropic parameters but is also more accurate and more SD than the decomposition method moreover compared to the decomposition method the proposed MM more accurately reflects the dependency of the phase retardation angle and linear dichroism angle on the direction of the external magnetic field for ferrofluidic samples overall the results presented in this study confirm that the proposed model has significant potential for extracting the optical parameters of realworld samples characterized by either single or multiple anisotropic properties | MEDAL |
little is known of the factors that regulate cbf in sleep we therefore studied lambs to assess the vasodilatory processes that underlie CA during sleep lambs instrumented to measure cbf flow probe on the superior sagittal sinus sleep state and rCBF pressure cpp were rapidly made hypotensive by inflating a cuff around the brachiocephalic artery to reduce cpp to mm hg in each state during control periods cerebral V1 resistance cvr in mm hgmlmin was lower in active sleep mean sd p or than in wakefulness and quiet sleep the cvr decreased promptly in each state as cpp was lowered the time seconds required for maximal cerebral vasodilation to occur was longer in active sleep than in quiet sleep p or and wakefulness p or the cvr decreased less in AS sleep p or than in QS sleep although the changes in cpp induced with brachiocephalic occlusion were equal in each state in conclusion our studies provide the first evidence that the vasoactive mechanisms that underlie autoregulation of the CBF circulation CF during sleep moreover our data reveal that the speed and the magnitude of the vasodilatory reserves available for autoregulation are significantly less in AS sleep than in QS sleep | MEDAL |
the efficacy of a novel topical combination formulation of fipronil smethoprene eprinomectin and praziquantel against naturally acquired intestinal nematode and cestode infections in cats was evaluated in seven negative control blinded studies cats were selected based on a pretreatment faecal examination indicating a patent infection with at least hookworms two studies toxocara ascarids one study taeniid cestodes two studies or dipylidium cestodes two studies in each study cats were assigned randomly to blocks of two animals each based on decreasing pretreatment body weight and were randomly allocated to one of two CG of six to cats untreated control or treated with topical fipronil wv smethoprene wv eprinomectin wv and praziquantel wv broadline® merial at mlkg body weight providing a minimum of mg fipronil mg smethoprenemg eprinomectinmg praziquantel per kg body weight the topical treatment was administered directly on the skin in the midline of the neck in a single spot once on day for parasite recovery and count cats were euthanized humanely and necropsied seven or ten DAT a single treatment with the novel topical combination product provided efficacy against ancylostoma braziliense ⥠efficacy against ancylostoma tubaeforme and tau against toxocara cati similarly excellent tau was established against taenia taeniaeformis dipylidium caninum and diplopylidium spp as demonstrated by and up to reductions of cestode counts in the treated cats when compared to the untreated controls p all cats accepted the treatment well based on health observations posttreatment and daily health observations no adverse experiences or other health problems were observed throughout the studies the results of this series of controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy and excellent acceptability of the novel topical combination formulation of fipronil smethoprene eprinomectin and praziquantel against a broad range of feline intestinal nematode and cestode infections | MEDAL |
the study was designed to clarify the clinical and angiographic attributes of patients with exercise induced silent myocardial ischaemia the sample consisted of patients who had ischaemic exercise electrograms greater than or equal to mm st segment depression and had a significant angiographic stenosis greater than diameter stenosis in at least one of the L1 coronary arteries in patients painful ischaemia was observed during exercise group a while such data is proposed which allows one to distinguish and test for spatial clustering temporal clustering and spacetime clustering of cases departures of case numbers from expectation are partitioned into region and time period main effects and regionbytime interactions spatial and temporal relationships among regions and time periods are incorporated by pooling estimates over neighborhoods in addition to providing tests for clustering the analysis identifies the contributions to clustering made by individual neighborhoods data on creutzfeldtjakob disease in france are used to illustrate the RPA | MEDAL |
to delineate the factors responsible for impaired clearance in cirrhosis we examined propranolol disposition in rats with carbon tetrachlorideinduced cirrhosis and compared it with that in control animals rats treated with chlorpromazine an inhibitor of propranolol metabolism and rats with acute liver injury we measured the extraction ratio of propranolol by the isolated perfused liver and related it to estimates of propranolol drugmetabolizing enzyme activity in homogenates of the same livers in control animals drugmetabolizing enzyme activity measured as the ratio vmaxkm averaged mlmin the ER in the perfused CL was close to important decreases of microsomal CEA were observed in rats treated with chlorpromazine mlmin p and in rats with acute liver injury mlmin p accounting for the decrease in the hepatic SE ratio by the perfused liver and respectively p in cirrhotic livers enzyme activity was not significantly different from that of controls mlmin and could not account for the observed decrease in SE p the extraction of antipyrine by the isolated perfused CL was also measured as an index of microsomal CEA and related to propranolol extraction antipyrine SE was decreased by in acute liver injury compared with in cirrhosis suggesting a much greater reduction of microsomal enzyme activity in the former groupabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
although not a major public health problem foodborne parasitic zoonoses in the united states are the cause of numerous diseases that occur widely in the population the most common foodborne parasitic diseases in the united states are trichinosis toxoplasmosis taeniasiscysticercosis diphyllobothriasis and anisakiasis since when the us public health service began to record statistics on trichinosis cases in humans the numbers of reported cases in the united states have declined markedly from an average of about with deaths reported each year in the late s to an average of per year with three deaths overall in the years each year throughout the world toxoplasma gondii infects millions of persons who contract it either by eating raw or poorly cooked meat from INF animals such as hogs or sheep or by ingesting soil contaminated with cat feces in the united states between and infants are born each year with CT toxoplasmic encephalitis marked by dementia and seizures has become the most commonly recognized cause of CE NS opportunistic infection in aids patients intestinal taeniid tapeworm infection acquired in the united states is almost entirely caused by taenia saginata the beef tapeworm NCC caused by larvae of the pork tapeworm taenia solium is diagnosed in hundreds of persons in the unioxylation and noxidation of strychnine this characteristic metabolism of str appears to occur in common with interspecies piib gene subfamily the ph optima of hydroxylation and noxidation of str were between and in the microsomes of phenobarbitaltreated rats while that of ndemethylation of benzphetamine a typical ATP of phenobarbitalinducible cytochrome p was between and in a reconstituted system with pi strychnine oxidation was little affected by ph NC while benzphetamine ndemethylation activity was decreased in the alkaline side among several oxidations tested only ethylmorphine ndemethylation underwent the same ph effect as did strychnine oxidation with the microsomes and reconstituted systemabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
fd bistetrahydrofuranylfluorouracil is an anticancer agent newly developed in japan and is a kind of marked compound of fluorouracil fd changes to ft and tegafur and is then converted to fluorouracil from our clinical observations fd showed excellent clinical effects in a daily dose of mg however in some instances toxicities of CNS system were developed on the other hand there is evidence that uracil enhances antitumor activity of fd in the treatment of sarcoma bearing mice and ah bearing rats on p.o. of fd plus uracil in various combination ratios the high tb value ratio of the concentration of fluorouracil in the tumor and blood is obtained at a ratio of uracil to tegafur of to fifteen cases with T3 cancer were treated with ufd mixture of fd and uracil under molar ratio of in a daily dose of mg of fd however no RT regression was observed in any of our cases on the contrary toxic manifestations were experienced in five of fifteen cases they mainly consisted of mild gi toxicities furthermore in one case ataxia developed our clinical studies revealed no usefulness of ufd in the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma cases | MEDAL |
to investigate further the mechanism whereby glucocorticoids accelerate the maturation of the PS system we studied both IB of GCs and their effect on phosphatidylcholine synthesis in organ cultures of fetal rb lung grown in serumfree medium the greatest effect of dexamethasone nm for h occurred at days gestation when there was a increase in the rate of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and a increase in the tissue content of disaturated phosphatidylcholine stimulation by corticosteroid was first observed T3 h of exposure choline incorporation increased in a linear fashion for h and then began to plateau removal of the steroid after h prevented any further increase in stimulation the presence of other hormones in the SC medium was not a prerequisite for the corticosteroid action fetal sex had no influence on dexamethasoneinduced phosphatidylcholine synthesis or on nuclear IB of dexamethasone there was a striking similarity between the kd values for specific nuclear IB of dexamethasone and cortisol and nm respectively and the concentrations for halfmaximal stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis and nm the relative potencies of a number of steroids nm for both nuclear IB and stimulation of choline incorporation were the same dexamethasone greater than cortisol greater than cortisone greater than corticosterone greater than dehydrocorticosterone with no effect by progesterone testosterone or estradiol at this dose actinomycin d and cycloheximide blocked dexamethasoneinduced phosphatidylcholine synthesis in a dosedependent fashion actinomycin d had a marked effect if added at the initiation of hormone SE but little effect when added after h whereas cycloheximide was primarily effective between h these findings suggest that glucocorticoid stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in fetal lung is mediated by IB to TPS receptors with subsequent de novo synthesis of rna and protein | MEDAL |
philadelphia chromosomenegative myeloproliferative neoplasms including polycythemia vera essential thrombocytosis and myelofibrosis are disorders characterized by abnormal hematopoiesis among these myeloproliferative neoplasms myelofibrosis has the most unfavorable prognosis furthermore currently available therapies for myelofibrosis have little to no efficacy in the bone marrow and hence are palliative we recently developed a janus kinase jak small molecule inhibitor called g and found that it exhibits marked efficacy in a xenograft model of jakvfmediated PH and a transgenic mouse model of jakvfmediated polycythemia veraessential thrombocytosis however its efficacy in jakmediated myelofibrosis has not previously been examined here we hypothesized that g would be efficacious in jakvfmediated myelofibrosis to test this mice expressing the human jakvf cdna under the control of the vav promoter were administered g or VC solution and efficacy was determined by measuring parameters within the peripheral blood CL spleen and bone marrow we found that g significantly reduced EM hematopoiesis in the CL and splenomegaly in the bone marrow g significantly reduced pathogenic jakstat signaling by MK PH by and the jak mutant burden by furthermore g significantly improved the myeloid to erythroid ratio and significantly reversed the myelofibrosis collectively these results indicate that g is efficacious in jakvfmediated myelofibrosis and given its bone marrow tau it may alter the natural PH of this disease | MEDAL |
in the present T0 the prevalence of obesity and its association with ischemic HR disease recognized according to clinical criteria CP or previous infarction andor instrumental data were described in normotensive subjects and in HT hospitalized during a ten years period through a crosssectional T0 in view of this all the subjects were considered as lean or obese according to their body mass index bmi and to sex specific cutoff values reported in the italian consensus conference on obesity in particular according to bmi values the subjects were grouped as lean overweight moderate and severe obese subjects our results indicated that NT could be considered lean whereas of them were overweight of them were moderate obese and of them were severe obese on the contrary only hypertensives might be considered lean whereas were overweight were moderate obese and were severe obese according to age subgrouping lower than or equal to years or higher than years the CSD of hypertensives within the lean overweight moderate and severe obese CG did not NC significantly but according to sex subgrouping the CSD of hypertensives within the bmi groups was significantly different chi p when we considered the degree of hypertension CSD of hypertensives was significantly different according to c test p suggesting that the percentage of the subjects with severe hypertension increased only in subjects with severe obesity concomitant ischaemic HR disease ihd was also documented in normotensives and in hypertensives the prevalence of ihd was not significantly different in lean overweight moderate and severe obese hypertensives also when sex and smoking habits were considered our data indicated a strong association between obesity and hypertension in addition they may be consistent with the suggestion that obese hypertensives were not characterized by a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease ihd than lean hypertensives | MEDAL |
facies leprosa was characterized by a combination of nasal change and resorption of nasal bone anterior nasal spine supraincisive AM region and anterior alveolar process of the maxilae associated with the loss of upper incisors teeth according to the criteria of radiographic interpretation | MEDAL |
in birds neurons of the ION ion as well as ectopic SN send axons to the retina where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear SL inl previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination either convergent or divergent ramon y cajal maturana frenk we show that cytochromeoxidase histochemistry specifically labels convergent centrifugal axons and target SN which appear to be amacrine cells as well as three types of GCs two types found in the inl displaced GCs and one in the GCL SL labeled target ACs have distinct darkly labeled nests of boutons enveloping the somas are associated with labeled centrifugal SF and are confined to CE retina lesions of the isthmooptic tract abolish the cytochromeoxidase labeling in the centrifugal axons and in the target ACs but not in the GCs cytochromeoxidaselabeled ganglion cells in the inl are C1 one type is oval and similar to the classical displaced GCs of dogiel which have been reported to receive centrifugal input the other type is rounder rhodamine beads injected into the accessory optic system results in VA label in both types of cells showing that two distinct types of displaced ganglion cells project to the accessory optic system in chickens the GCs in the GCL layer that label for cytochrome oxidase also project to the AOS these have PT dendrites that ramify in the outer inner plexiform layerabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the impact of LT month moderate exercise on the iron status of previously sedentary women was determined by randomly assigning collegeage women into one of the following four CG mgd iron supplement low iron diet n placebo free choice diet n meat supplement to achieve mgd iron NI n and control free choice diet n all groups except the control group exercised dwk at of their heart rate reserve vomax was measured at baseline and week blood was sampled at baseline and every wk thereafter for wk to measure iron status and to elucidate the causes for alterations in iron status subjects had depleted iron stores throughout the T0 as indicated by their serum FER C2 ngml SI total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation were not compromised with exercise mean hemoglobin level in the placeboex group was significantly p lower than the feex and the meatex CG by week however changes in serum albumin haptoglobin and erythropoietin data from the study cannot explain these changes | MEDAL |
oxalasesupported atpdependent ca uptake by cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum sr exhibits a ph profile with the maximal rate of ca uptake at ph and marked inhibition at ph a point at which cadependent atpase activity is optimal these observations are noted when the sr is first preincubated in media containing no added ca this alkaline ph inhibition is not caused by an irreversible perturbation since the ca uptake rate is fully restored by changing the alkaline ph preincubation medium to ph when sr is preincubated with added ca ca uptake at alkaline ph is only inhibited by ca uptake at ph is the same regardless of preincubation conditions a depressed Ox permeability is not a factor in the observed ALP ph inhibition of ca uptake at alkaline ph the relationship between the preincubation ca concentration and the rate of ca uptake is hyperbolic the halfmaximal free ca concentration for stabilization of ca uptake is microm with a vmax equal to the velocity at the optimal ph the hill coefficient is implying a single class of carequiring sites for stabilization at ALP ph in contrast to its effect on ca uptake the presence of ca during preincubation does not alter the ph sensitivity of cadependent atpase activity thus the presence of ca during preincubation may stabilize a state of the caatpase conducive to the coupling of net ca translocation to cadependent atpase activity which is ordinarily opposed by alkaline ph the data suggest a single class of carequiring CS which favors this coupled state | MEDAL |
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