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a urea biosensor based on phsensitive smtio electrolyteinsulatorsemiconductor eis has been described we used xray diffraction auger electron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy to investigate the structural and morphological features of highk smtio sensing membranes that had been subjected to annealing at different temperatures the eis device incorporating a highk smtio sensing film that had been annealed at degrees c exhibited good sensing characteristics including a high sensitivity of mvph in solutions from ph to a small hysteresis voltage of mv in the ph loop and a low drift rate of mv h in the buffer solution at ph the smtio eis device also showed a high selective response towards h this improvement can be attributed to the small number of crystal defects and the large surface roughness in addition the urea biosensor based on phsensitive eis incorporating a smtio sensing membrane annealed at degrees c allowed the potentiometric analysis of urea at concentrations ranging from to mm with a sensitivity of mvpurea | MEDAL |
the glycoprotein gp dependent family of cytokines comprises interleukin il il leukemia inhibitory factor lif CLC clc ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf cardiotrophin ct and OM osm these cytokines share the membrane gp as a common signal transducer recently it was demonstrated that il promotes whereas lif inhibits fetal lung branching thus in this T0 the effects on fetal lung morphogenesis of the other classical members of the gptype cytokines il clc cntf ct and osm were investigated we also provide the first description of these cytokines and their common gp receptor protein expression patterns during rat lung development fetal rat lung explants were cultured in vitro with increasing concentrations of il clc cntf ct and osm treated lung explants were morphometrically analyzed and assessed for mapk pikakt and stat signaling modifications il which similarly to il acts through a gp homodimer receptor significantly stimulated lung growth via p phosphorylation on the other hand clc cntf ct and osm whose receptors are gp heterodimers inhibited lung growth acting in different signaltransducing pathways thus the present T0 demonstrated that although cytokines of the gp family share a common signal transducer there are TPS biological MICs for each cytokine on lung development indeed cytokine signaling through gp homodimers stimulate whereas cytokine signaling through gp heterodimers inhibit lung branching | MEDAL |
UB fat and abdominal VF are two obesityrelated phenotypes of interest because of their relationships with a variety of metabolic complications the heritability of the amount of upper body fat or the level of UB fat relative to lower body fat ranges from approximately of the phenotypes age sex and TBF adjusted variance on the other hand familial studies of ABD VF reveal that the familial transmission reaches of the age sex and TBF adjusted variance complex segregation analysis undertaken with a panel of nuclear families indicates that L1 genes may account for a significant fraction of the variance in upper body fat and abdominal VF two MI studies conducted with pairs of male identical twins have shown that changes in UB fat and visceral fat are more similar within pairs than between pairs either in phenotype increments when challenged by chronic overfeeding or in AT losses nt amounts of dissociated ri were found in the supernatant fractions and to a lesser extent the particulate fractions of these species in contrast though no pka i was detected in the supernatant or particulate fractions of pig and beef HR half of the campbinding activity in the particulate fraction was attributed to ri the results suggest that ri may associate with membrane fractions when it is not associated with the pka catalytic S1 immunohistochemical studies of tissue sections from pig beef and rat cardiac ventricle using antibodies directed against ri also revealed speciesdependent localization of ri cardiac myocyte IC discs were stained in pig and beef sections with additional sarcolemmal staining in beef sections rat IVT which contained large amounts of supernatant pka i showed nuclear staining the localization of ri to cardiac myocyte intercalated discs and sarcolemma in certain species suggests a roles for this S1 in mediating campregulated events in these regions | MEDAL |
particulate matter export fuels benthic ecosystems in continental margins and the deep sea removing carbon from the upper ocean gelatinous zooplankton biomass provides a fast carbon vector that has been poorly studied observational data of a largescale benthic trawling survey from to provided a unique opportunity to quantify jellycarbon along an entire continental margin in the mediterranean sea and to assess potential links with biological and PCS variables biomass depositions were sampledtroluminescence signals from photosystems i and ii are discussed in relation to the shape of the LDV and the MPs generated by the externally applied electric field the use of the electroluminescence amplitude as a probe to T0 the kinetics and energetics of CS and of its kinetics to monitor the electricfield induced charge recombination process are reviewed currently unresolved issues regarding the emission yield of electroluminescence are briefly discussed and the properties are summarized of the unexplained PS ii luminescence which is not sensitive to the membrane potential | MEDAL |
reactive oxygen species ros are considered to be important AF involved in the pathophysiology of renal ischemiareperfusion injury rosinduced alterations of proteins carbohydrates dna and lipid membranes lead to cell and organ dysfunction several antioxidant defense mechanisms exist to prevent or limit oxidant injury cellular cuzn superoxide dismutase catalase and cellular glutathione peroxidase cgshpx are enzyme ros scavengers implicated in the protection against kidney damage resulting from ischemiareperfusion injury reduced glutathione a cosubstrate of cgshpx have been shown to display a reductive properties without the contribution of enzymes we examined superoxide anion o production by neutrophils without and with stimulation using opsonized zymosan in the whole blood of renal transplant patients before and after and T2 reperfusion the mean o concentration T3 reperfusion was statistically significantly higher than that before reperfusion | MEDAL |
to review the entity black esophagus and sequela of a slipped laparoscopic adjustable band the patients history PE imaging and endoscopic findings were reviewed detailed review of pathophysiology presentation diagnosis management and natural history was conducted black esophagus also known as acute esophageal necrosis aen is a rare condition resulting in black discoloration of the mid to distal esophagus with less than a hundred reported cases it has not been previously documented in bariatric surgery or following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding the volvulus was reduced at surgery and the esophageal changes resolved without sequela black esophagus is an acute ominousappearing condition with a spectrum ranging from superficial mucosal disease to transmural involvement with perforation fortunately esophageal resection is rarely required | MEDAL |
there is concern that oxygen deliverydirected resuscitation in patients with multiple trauma including severe head injury may worsen neurologic REC to T0 this we retrospectively examined patients admitted over an month period who met the inclusion criteria of having suffered blunt trauma were between and years of age had an admission GCS of or intact corneal and gag reflexes and extracranial injury with an abbreviated injury score of or all patients were placed on intracranial pressure monitors in comparing the patients whose resuscitation was guided by oxygen delivery do with the who were resuscitated by standard fluid restriction fr we found that despite the do CG having received a significantly greater volume of resuscitation fluids in the first hours after injury there was no difference in the neurologic recovery between the two groups | MEDAL |
accounting for less than of all GBMs high grade gliomas of the spinal cord are very rare here we discuss our RPA to managing patients with high grade spinal cord glioma and review the literature on the subject six patients with high grade spinal cord gliomas who presented to our institution between and were reviewed each patient underwent subtotal surgical resection with a subset receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation our primary outcomes of interest were preoperative and postoperative PET status one year survival rate was all patients had SD or improved american spine injury association score immediately after surgery which was maintained at months in of patients karnofsky performance status kps was stable at month follow up in of patients but all had decreased kps year T3 surgery a subset of patients received postoperative radiation and chemotherapy with tumor recurrence rate at months we assessed the molecular profiles of PT from two patients in our series and found that each had mutations in tp but had wildtype braf idh and mgmt taken together our data show that patients with high grade spinal cord gliomas have an excellent survival at year but with some decline in PET status within this period further studies are needed to elucidate the NK PH of the disease and to explore the role of adjuvant targeted molecular therapies | MEDAL |
to assess whether different timed up and go tug subtasks are affected differently in older adults with MCI mci and are specific to different cognitive abilities | MEDAL |
in order to T0 transient paresis force and surface electromyograms emg were recorded from the BB in patients with recessive MC in with myotonic dystrophy and in controls epochs of s emg signal were stored every s and processed to determine the integrated emg iemg the PS and the average muscle fibre theta mfcv the protocol consisted of maximal voluntary contractions lasting s and s REC during the first s the mfcv and median frequency fmed of the PS of the controls increased mean increase and respectively in all consecutive contractions subsequently mfcv fmed and force declined as a consequence of fatigue both the initial force and mfcv declined with successive contractions the results in myotonic dystrophy were not different from the controls except that the changes during fatigue were far less pronounced these events are the reverse of the changes found in MC in which an initial loss of force maximal by and a decline of the iemg maximal by was found during the first contraction this transient paresis was accompanied by a dramatic fall in the mfcv concomitant with a shift of the SP spectrum to the lower frequencies the first mfcv measurement of the contractions was always normal the decline in mfcv was maximal T3 s and varied for the patients from in general the decline in force iemg and mfcv lessened with each successive contraction warmingup phenomenon though sudden deteriorations were sometimes observed during later contractions the same results were found for brachioradialis and abductor digiti minimi the results provide evidence that transient paresis is of clinical relevance in MC and that it is caused by alterations in the muscle membrane these membrane changes result in a strong decline of the muscle action potential conduction velocity and conseq at h of diestrus on prolactin secretion has been studied in rats serum levels and PIT content of prolactin were measured at and min C2 of different doses of ethanol and gkg moreover the R2 of the prolactin PR was determined at different hours of the rat estrous cycle C2 of a single dose of ethanol gkg at h of diestrus SS PRL were significantly elevated T3 the preovulatory administration of ethanol with all the doses tested the hyperprolactinemia appeared min after ethanol treatment and the high prolactin levels were maintained during all the estrous cycles especially in the proestrus day the normal C2 were reestablished the th day T3 treatment the ethanol produced a byphasic effect on pituitary prolactin content during the first posttreatment hours the PIT prolactin concentration decreased with respect to the control group but hours T3 treatment these values were increased and the normal concentration was restored hours T3 treatment | MEDAL |
t cell independent antigens do not require t cell help to induce an immune response and are characterized by a lack of immunologic SM these antigens can be divided into two classes ti or ti ti antigens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide are potent bcell mitogens capable of nonspecific polyclonal activation of B1 in contrast ti antigens can only activate mature B1 and consist of highly repetitive structures such as capsular polysaccharides cps from bacteria many vaccines currently in use consist of purified capsular PSs from pathogenic bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis these vaccines are efficacious in immunecompetent adults however due to their ti nature are not effective in children years of age converting PSs into t cell dependent td antigens allows children to produce an effective immune response this review focuses on various strategies used to convert the immune response to polysaccharide antigens from ti to a td response conjugate vaccines antiidiotypic antibodies phage display library technology and dna vaccines are discussed | MEDAL |
the rate of autolysis of mu and mcalpain from bovine skeletal muscle was measured by using densitometry of sds PAGE and determining the Rd of the and kda subunits of the native unautolyzed calpain molecules rate of autolysis of both the and kda subunits of mucalpain decreased when mucalpain concentration decreased and when betacasein a good substrate for the calpains was present hence autolysis of both mucalpain subunits is an intermolecular process at ph or degrees c and low ionic strength the kda S1 formed in the first step of autolysis of mcalpain was not resolved from the kda subunit of the native unautolyzed mcalpain by our densitometer so autolysis of mcalpain was measured by determining Rd of the kda subunit and the kda complex at ca concentrations of microm or higher neither the mcalpain concentration nor the presence of betacasein affected the rate of autolysis of mcalpain hence mcalpain autolysis is intramolecular at ca concentrations of microm or higher and ph at ca concentrations of microm or less the rate of mcalpain autolysis decreased with decreasing mcalpain concentration and in the presence of betacasein thus mcalpain autolysis is an intermolecular process at ca concentrations of microm or less if calpain autolysis is an intermolecular process autolysis of a membranebound calpain would require selective participation of a second cytosolic calpain making it an inefficient process by incubating the calpains at ca concentrations below those required for halfmaximal activity it is possible to show that unautolyzed calpains degrade a betacasein ATP proving that unautolyzed calpains are AS proteases | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to examine the anorectal physiological and clinical changes that occur T3 LAR for rectal CA since patients underwent laboratory tests of anorectal function preoperatively and month and months T3 low anterior resection postoperatively all patients presented with increased bowel frequency of the patients with mild soiling and with urgency for defecation six months after surgery there was a significant improvement of these PS the anal resting pressure was significantly decreased postoperatively while maximum squeezing pressure remained unchanged the rectoanal GABA reflex was absent in of the patients and at months T3 surgery it tended to recover rectal capacity and compliance were reduced in all patients in the current T0 the majority of patients demonstrated manometric anorectal changes and clinical anorectal function disorders during the first year T3 surgery we observed that these disorders correlated with the low level of the anastomosis | MEDAL |
an important goal in neuroscience is to produce frequency distribution curves or histograms that relate numbers of cells to their sizes unfortunately such histograms which are extremely common are biased some of the reasons are inadequate attention to sampling paradigms the lack of assurance that the section through the center of the cell is measured and that large cells will have more profiles than small cells the first goal of this paper is to illustrate these biases for dorsal root ganglion cells by showing significant statistical differences between histograms prepared the classic way and histograms produced by unbiased methods the differences are particularly dramatic for plastic embedded material the second goal of the paper is to describe an unbiased method for obtaining these histograms the procedure is fold cells are chosen in an unbiased way unbiased in this sense means that every cell has an equal chance of being chosen and then the largest profile of the cell is measured we further suggest that these histograms be accompanied by analyses of cell volume since volumes of cells rather than diameters or Az of cell profiles will be the future measure of choice when considering the sizes of cells or any other particles of biologic interest | MEDAL |
the programmed cell death usually is identified with apoptosis though a scheduled CS of events can be observed also in autophagy MI catastrophe and under certain circumstances in necrosis apoptosis begins with activation of the initiator caspases cysteine PRs in the signaling complexes the apoptosome on the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway or the degradosome on the extrinsic or death receptor pathway the proteolytic cascade then leads through activation of downstream caspases and dnases to digestion of cell components mitochondria play a central role in apoptosis by releasing cytochrome cthe essential component of the apoptosome smacdiablo and omiihtrathat bind the ICE inhibitors iaps and endonuclease g and aifthat are responsible for dna degradation those factors get out of mitochondrium through the bax and bak proteincontaining channels the process is fast and complete probably due to mechanoenzymedriven remodeling of the organellum structure as well as to phospholipid peroxidation and proteolysis in the inner membrane the release of the mitochondrial factors can be stimulated by protein p histone h and polyadpribose that are sent from the nucleus in consequence of a cyto and genotoxic AS under the control of cabl kinase | MEDAL |
a technique for extensive resection of the infundibular SP through the superior transarterial approach is proposed infundibular septal resection facilitates intraventricular rerouting for anatomic correction of TGA with ventricular septal defect and doubleoutlet right ventricle this technique also may be used to enlarge progressively obstructive but physiologically advantageous VVI septal defects for example with TA through the superior transaortic or transpulmonary approach the landmarks of the infundibular SP are the intercoronary commissure of the AV and the septal commissure of the pulmonary valve both of which are directly above the middle of the infundibular SP with this SE the infundibular SP may then be resected easily and relatively CR and a C1 opening created immediately beneath the semilunar valves the feasibility of infundibular septal resection by the superior approach was assessed post mortem in cases of TGA with ventricular septal defect and in autopsied cases of doubleoutlet RA ventricle this technique was subsequently applied successfully to enlarge the obstructive VVI septal defect of a year monthold girl with dtransposition of the great arteries the advantages of the proposed technique include technical ease relative completeness of infundibular septal resection and the facilitation of intraventricular repair of TGA with VVI septal defect and doubleoutlet RA ventricle | MEDAL |
nucleoside RTIs nrtis used for the treatment of hiv inhibit the replication of mitochondrial dna mtdna which may contribute to severe mitochondrial toxicity including LD through the inhibition of polymerase gamma polg polymorphisms of polg could explain the R2 in mitochondrial toxicity in HIV+ patients we explored the relationship between selected polymorphisms of polg and lipodystrophy related to nrtis we studied single nucleotide polymorphisms snp at three CAA residues r e and r and the cag repeats of polg in a casecontrol study including hiv treated patients with LD n and controls without LD per case matched by age race and sex n compared with matched controls the polymorphisms in e were significantly more frequent in case patients with lipodystrophy aor p and this was associated with a significant decrease of mtdna in pbmc in addition among the parameters tested the conditional logistic regression showed that the lipodystrophy has a strong link with e polymorphisms associated with dt treatment aor p in conclusion patients harbouring the changes of e in the catalytic site of polg exhibit a fold increased risk to develop lipodystrophy than hiv treated patients who do not have changes in e and this risk can increase if the patient presenting the snp received dt these could be due to decreased content of mtdna in pbmc in these patients therefore the toxicity of nrtis leading to LD in some hiv infected patients could be explained in part by the occurrence of polg polymorphisms | MEDAL |
intrapulmonary free HFA ffa release has been suggested as a pathogenetic mechanism in respiratory failure caused by acute one and fat embolism utilizing the isolated perfused ventilated canine pulmonary lobe we evaluated the effects of ffa infusion and its subsequent modification by albumin and steroid therapy in control lobes perfused for a hour period there was minimal WG gm Qs/Qt did not occur and compliance remained within normal limits when ml of OA was infused into the pulmonary i.a. lobe weight tripled gm intrapulmonary shunting developed and compliance was significantly decreased compared to controls when gm of human saltpoor Al was added to the perfusate immediately T3 ffa infusion the lobe response was similar to that of untreated oleic acid lobes in contrast when mg of methylprednisolone succinate was added to the perfusate immediately T3 ffa infusion lobe weight gain was significantly reduced gm compared to OA acid lobes intrapulmonary shunting did not occur and compliance was within normal limits this T0 suggests that steroids may be of benefit in the treatment of RI secondary to AP and fat embolism | MEDAL |
eclampsia defined as unexplained seizure in a woman with preeclampsia is a lifethreatening complication of pregnancy with unclear etiology magnesium sulfate mgso is the leading eclamptic seizure prophylactic yet its mechanism of action remains unclear here we hypothesized severe preeclampsia is a state of increased seizure susceptibility due to bloodbrain barrier bbb disruption and neuroinflammation that lowers seizure threshold further mgso decreases seizure susceptibility by protecting the bbb and preventing neuroinflammation to MM severe preeclampsia placental ischemia reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure rupp was combined with a HCD hc to cause maternal EC dysfunction rupphc rats developed symptoms associated with severe preeclampsia including hypertension oxidative stress endothelial dysfunction and fetal and placental growth restriction seizure threshold was determined by quantifying the amount of pentylenetetrazole ptz mgkg required to elicit seizure in rupp hc ± mgso and compared to normal pregnant controls n group gestational day rupphc rats were more CS to ptz with seizure threshold being ⼠lower vs control ± vs ± mgkg ptz p that was reversed by mgso ± mgkg ptz p vs rupphc bbb permeability to sodium fluorescein measured invivo n group was increased in rupphc vs control rats with more tracer passing into the brain ± vs ± countsgram à p and was unaffected by mgso ± countsgram à p vs controls in addition rupphc rats were in a state of neuroinflammation indicated by ± of microglia being active compared to ± in NP p n group mgso treatment reversed neuroinflammation reducing microglial activation to ± p vs rupphc overall rupphc rats were in a state of augmented seizure susceptibility potentially due to increased bbb permeability and neuroinflammation mgso treatment reversed this increasing seizure threshold and decreasing neuroinflammation without affecting bbb permeability thus reducing neuroinflammation may be one mechanism by which mgso prevents eclampsia during severe preeclampsia | MEDAL |
bone morphogenetic protein bmp stimulates renal branching morphogenesis via p MAP kinase pmapk and activating transcription factor atf m c hu d wasserman s hartwig and n d rosenblum j biol chem here we demonstrate a novel role for integrinlinked kinase ilk in mediating LLC-PK1 cell morphogenesis in embryonic kidney explants and identify pmapk as a target of ilk signaling in a CC model of LLC-PK1 morphogenesis the spatial and temporal expression of ilk in embryonic mouse A6 suggested a role in branching morphogenesis adenovirusmediated expression of ilk stimulated and expression of a dominant negative ilk mutant inhibited ureteric bud branching in embryonic mouse kidney explants bmp increased ilk kinase activity in inner medullary collecting duct imcd cells and adenovirusmediated expression of ilk increased imcd cell morphogenesis in a threedimensional SC model in contrast treatment with a small molecule ilk inhibitor or expression of a dominant negativeacting ilk ilkek inhibited epithelial cellent contracted severe contact mucositis patchtesting revealed a positive reaction to palladium chloride pdcl petrolatum but not to any other component of the prosthesis T3 removal of the fpd and placement of a provisional acrylic resin restoration all signs and PS disappeared a definitive metalceramic titaniumporcelain prosthesis was placed and no signs of lesions appeared this clinical report demonstrates that titanium may be a satisfactory alternative for patients who require prostheses and are sensitive to other metals | MEDAL |
phenomenon although current evidence emphasizes various benefits of communityoriented programs little is still known about the nature of the relationships that students and FPs develop in this educational setting our aim in this T0 was twofold to identify family physicians motivations to enroll as preceptors in a longitudinal undergraduate family medicine program and to explore the nature of the studentpreceptor relationships built during the course approach this was a qualitative exploratory case study the case was the first edition of a longitudinal family medicine experience lfme a course that makes up part of the novel medicinae doctor et chirurgiae magister curriculum in place in a canadian medical school since august all family physician community preceptors of the academic year were considered key informants in the investigation fortythree preceptors finally participated in one of six focus groups conducted in the spring of several organizational documents relative to the lfme course were also gathered inductive semantic thematic analysis was performed on verbatim interview transcripts documents helped contextualize the L1 themes emerging from the focus groups discussions findings enjoying teaching promoting FM and improving medical education where salient motivations for family physicians to become lfme preceptors the findings also pointed out the complexity of the studentpreceptor exchanges that unfolded over the academic year and the ambiguous and changing nature of the role that lfme preceptors adopted in their relationships with students from simply being facilitators of students clinical observership to behaving as their mentors insights family physicians were highly motivated to become lfme preceptors of styear medical students whereas they consistently valued the relationships built during the academic year with the students assigned to them they also considered that exchanges did not always happen without difficulties and gauged the roles they played as complex ambiguous and necessarily evolving over time | MEDAL |
extracorporeal shock wave therapy eswt is widely used for calcific tendonitis of the shoulder the initial rationale for this therapy was to break the calcification but this effect does not always occur to date we do not know how calcifications evolve or why they may be less responsive to the action of the shock waves one hundred and seventyfour shoulders with calcific tendinitis were prospectively evaluated before and after eswt using the radiographic classifications according to gartner and heyer to bosworth and to molè three months after eswt therapy we observed the disappearance of calcification in of the shoulders a reduction in size in and no NC in the calcifications that disappeared were C1 according to bosworth p the probability of disappearance of calcification increased with increasing age p for medium calcifications according to bosworth p and calcifications of type a according to molè p the results of our T0 suggest that the radiographic aspects of calcific tendonitis of the RC could influence the disruptive effects T3 eswt with this knowledge we could define the timing of treatment and therapeutic choice for each patient | MEDAL |
in anesthetized pigs with ultrasonic flow probes mounted on each renal artery and catheters placed in the abdominal aorta and both renal veins RBF rbf glomerular filtration rate gfr and filtration fraction ff were investigated during stepwise unilateral ureteral one elevation of the ureteral pressure in steps of mm hg to a maximum of mm hg decreased ipsilateral rbf by from to mlmin p contralateral rbf did not change significantly the MAP pressure ws constant during the exp procedures suggesting that the decrease of rbf was due to a significant increase in ipsilateral renal vascular resistance concomitantly with these changes ipsilateral gfr was reduced by from to mlmin in the contralateral kidney gfr was unchanged during the experiment the renal extraction of credta equal to ff increased temporarily from at start to p at mm hg in the ipsilateral kidney whereafter it was dramatically reduced to at maximum pressure in addition renal tubular handling of salt and water in the CL kidney were investigated using the CLi technique no significant changes were found in conclusion the renal hemodynamic changes during ureteral obstruction are compatible with a predominant preglomerular vasoconstriction the interrelationship between one high pressure and reduction in rbf and gfr is substantiated moreover R2 in the reactive mechanisms between species with different kidney MICs is established | MEDAL |
in this study we investigated the effects of long wave ultraviolet CS uva and various doses of PP pp on the PR of histamine from rat peritoneal and cutaneous mast cells we also correlated these results with morphologic characteristics and viability of the cells pp at a dose of ngml plus uvainduced negligible histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells rpmc but was able to suppress the ability of the cells to release histamine in response to subsequent exposure to the calcium ionophore a compound or the combination of ag and ige this functional NC was associated with an increase in cell size and cell lysis that gradually occurred during h in SC pp at a dose of ngml plus uva also significantly inhibited secretogogueinduced histamine release from RMC but this dose was not associated with significant changes in morphology or viability these various effects of pp plus uva were also observed with mast cell preparations obtained by the enzymatic dispersion of rat skin the suppression of secretogogueinduced HR in rat PMC treated with pp ngml and uva could not be reversed by culturing the cells in the dark for h in the absence of pp unlike the direct cytotoxic histamine releasing action of high doses of pp plus uva the suppressive effect of low pp doses could not be inhibited by catalase but could be reduced by the absence of calcium our results indicate that pp plus uva has dual effects on mast cells apparently involving distinct mechanisms this implies the possibility that pp and uva at appropriate doses could be used in photochemotherapy of mast cellmediain cocaineexposed fetuses the difference compared with controls was not statistically significant we found no characteristic HR rate pattern in fetuses exposed to cocaine near delivery the heart rate patterns likely represent the underlying state of fetal oxygenation frequent contractions in an unstimulated labor should raise suspicions of maternal cocaine use | MEDAL |
the elderly comprise less than percent of world population nonetheless they represent nearly half of all hospitalized adults acute change in mental status from baseline is commonly seen among the elderly even when the main process does not involve the CNS system the term geriatric syndrome is used to capture those clinical conditions in older people that do not fit into discrete disease categories including delirium falls frailty dizziness syncope and urinary incontinence despite the growing number of elderly population especially those who require hospitalization and the high burden of common infections accompanied by encephalopathy among them there are several unresolved questions regarding the optimal management they deserve the questions posed in this systematic review concern the need to rule out cns infection in all elderly patients presented with fever and AMS in the routine management of febrile HIVE in doing so we sought to identify all potentially relevant articles using searches of webbased databases with no language restriction finally we reviewed research articles that were relevant to each part of our study no prospective study was found to address how should afe in the aged be optimally managed | MEDAL |
the anterior and posterior parts of the human cingulate cortex differ in their absolute number of neurons NV with fewer neurons in the anterior part to test the hypothesis that lower absolute number and packing density of neurons in the anterior cingulate SC are associated with an increased complexity in the neuropil compartment dendritic arborizations of SL v SN in both cingulate parts were analyzed in a golgi T0 results show that these neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex have more primary and AA basal dendrites than those in the PCC this establishes an association of a higher complexity of the dendritic arborization in the ACC with a lower cell number per unit volume and larger neuropil compartment the significant lower degree of dendritic arborization in the PCC is accompanied by a higher cell packing density these structural differences are associated with functional differences between the two parts of the human cingulate cortex | MEDAL |
genetic engineering of donor animals in xenotransplantation research has been directed largely toward obtaining expression of various immunoregulatory molecules on V1 endothelium the initial target of recipient antibody and complement however specific highlevel expression of transgenes throughout the vascular tree in AD animals has proved difficult to achieve perhaps because of the inherent heterogeneity of endothelium using the promoter of the gene for ICAM-1 icam which is constitutively expressed on all V1 endothelium we have developed a system for EC cell gene targeting in vivo a basepair fragment from the flanking region of the human icam gene was used to drive the expression of human cd in transgenic mice strong and uniform expression of cd was observed on the EC cells of all blood vessels in the heart kidney lung liver and pancreas in the three lines of mice examined little or no expression was seen in other cell types with the exception of neutrophils and monocytes these results suggest that this small promoter region contains most of the signals necessary to endow it with endothelial cell specificity making it a potentially valuable tool in Az ranging from xenotransplantation to GT | MEDAL |
cytoskeletal changes occurring during the delamination of precursors of the IP microchaete precursors in the pupal notum and central NS embryonic si NBs were studied the pattern of cell division in the ventral neurectoderm vn of wildtype embryos was analyzed using brdu incorporation and correlated to the pattern of neuroblast delamination finally defects in the DP of proliferation of the vn and neuroblast delamination which occur in notch and wingless mutant embryos were described the results indicate that the patterns of delamination and mitosis are closely correlated delamination occurs either immediately after a cell has divided in case of microchaete precursors or shortly before the division in case of the neuroblasts in addition cytoskeletal changes similar to those occurring during mitosis can be seen in delaminating neuronal precursors thus during both mitosis and delamination the discrete apicobasally oriented microfilamenttubulin bundles break down microfilaments form a dense diffuse cortical SL surrounding the entire cell body MTs are concentrated at the apically located centrosome the relationship between mitosis and delamination is supported by the finding that the neurogenic gene notch and segment polarity gene wingless wg affect both proliferation and delamination in the ventral neurectoderm thus in embryos expressing the trunkated cytoplasmic domain of the neurogenic gene notch under heatshock control struhl et al all ventral neurectodermal cells go into mitosis prematurely followed by the absence of neuroblast delamination in wg lossoffunction mutants mitosis in the vn is irregular and generally postponed accompanied by irregularities in the timing of neuroblast delamination in GA and the absence of a subset of NBs | MEDAL |
garlic supplements may have an important role to play in the treatment of HC to determine the effect of garlic on SS lipids and lipoproteins relative to PL and other lipid lowering agents a systematic review including metaanalysis was undertaken of published and unpublished RCT of garlic preparations of at least four weeks duration studies were identified by a search of medline and the AM electronic databases from references listed in primary and review articles and through direct contact with garlic manufacturers sixteen trials with data from subjects were included in the analyses many of the trials had methodological shortcomings the pooled mean difference in the absolute NC from baseline to final measurement in mmoll of total SS cholesterol triglycerides and highdensity lipoprotein hdlcholesterol was compared between subjects treated with garlic therapy against those treated with PL or other agents the mean difference in reduction of total cholesterol between garlictreated subjects and those receiving placebo or avoiding garlic in their diet was mmoll ci mmoll these changes represent a reduction with garlic therapy beyond the final C2 achieved with PL CT the reduction was evident T3 one month of therapy and persisted for at least six months in the dried garlic powders in which the allicin content is standardised there was no significant difference in the size of the reduction across the dose range of mg daily dried garlic powder preparations also significantly lowered SS triglyceride by mmoll compared to placebo ci abstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
cd is a TM protein selectively overexpressed on many human lymphoma cells and therefore an interesting target for antibodybased immunotherapy however binding of therapeutic antibodies stimulates a juxtamembrane cleavage of cd leading to a loss of target antigen and an enhanced release of the soluble ectodomain of cd scd here we show that scd binds to cd ligand cdexpressing nontarget cells because antibodies bind to scd this results in unwanted antibody binding to these cells via scd bridging to overcome sheddingdependent damage of normal cells in cdspecific immunotherapy we analyzed the mechanism involved in the PR shedding of cd can be enhanced by protein kinase c pkc activation implicating the disintegrin metalloproteinase adam but not free cytoplasmic calcium however antibodyinduced cd shedding is calcium dependent and pkc independent this shedding involved the related metalloproteinase adam as shown by the use of the preferential adam inhibitor gix and by an adamdeficient cell L1 generated from embryonically lethal adam mouse in coculture experiments the antibodyinduced transfer of scd from the human HD cell L1 l to the cdnegative but cdexpressing human mast cell line hmc was inhibited by gix these findings suggest that selective metalloproteinase inhibitors blocking antibodyinduced shedding of target antigens could be of therapeutic value to increase the specificity and reduce SE of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies | MEDAL |
treatment with radioiodine is a standard procedure for patients with welldifferentiated thyroid cancer but the main approach to the therapy is still empiric consisting of the administration of fixed activities a predictive individualized dosimetric study may represent an important tool for physicians to determine the best activity to prescribe the aim of this work is to compare RM and blood absorbed dose values obtained in the i.c.v. pt dosimetry phase with those obtained in the intreatment it dosimetry phase in order to estimate the predictive power of pt trial doses and to determine if they can be used as a decisionmaking tool to safely administer higher i activity to potentially increase the tau of treatment the pt and it dosimetry for patients has been evaluated using three different dosimetric approaches in all three approaches blood and red marrow doses are calculated as the sum of two components the dose from i activity in the blood and the dose from i activity located in the remainder of the body ie the blood and wholebody contributions to the total dose pt and it dose values to blood and red marrow appear to be well correlated irrespective of the dosimetric RPA used linear regression analyses of pt and it total doses for blood and RM and the wholebody contribution to these doses showed consistent best fit slope and rho coefficient values of approximately and respectively analyses of the blood dose contribution to the total doses also yielded similar values for the best fit slope but with correlation coefficient values of approximately reflecting the greater variance in these dose estimates these findings suggest that i.c.v. RM dose assessments may represent an important tool to personalize metastatic thyroid CA treatment removing the constraints of a fixed activity approach and permitting potentially more effective higher i MICs to be safely used intreatment | MEDAL |
a plasmid rendered replicative in rat cells by inserting the porcine circovirus pcv origin of replication and replicase gene orirep has been previously constructed the aim of the present T0 was to evaluate if the replication capacity of this plasmid could be advantageously used to improve the protective immunity induced by dna vaccination in this case we used the porcine PR virus prv dna vaccination MM the replicative capacity of the dna vaccine did not improve the protective immunity against prv in pigs but on the contrary the presence of the pcv orirep CS was harmful in the induction of this immunity compared to an equivalent but nonreplicative dna vaccine in addition the CSD and the persistence of the replicative and nonreplicative plasmids inside the body were the same this is the first T0 showing an in vivo deleterious effect of the replicative active pcv orirep on the natural and specific protection against prv infection | MEDAL |
the unique characteristics of the primate particularly human fetal adrenal were first realized in the early s when its morphology was examined in detail and compared with that of other species the unusual architecture of the HFA SC with its unique and disproportionately enlarged FZ its compact DZ and its dramatic CR soon T3 birth captured the interest of developmental anatomists many detailed anatomical studies describing the morphology of the developing HFA were reported between and and these morphological descriptions have not changed significantly more recently it has become clear that fetal adrenal cortical growth involves cellular hypertrophy PH apoptosis and migration and is best described by the migration theory ie cells proliferate in the periphery migrate centripetally differentiate during their migration to form the functional cortical zones and then likely undergo apoptosis in the center of the cortex consistent with this model cells of intermediate phenotype arranged in columnar cords typical of migration have been identified between the definitive and fetal zones this CA has been referred to as the transitional zone and based on the expression of steroidogenic enzymes we consider it to be a functionally distinct cortical zone elegant experiments during the s and s demonstrated the central role of the primate fetal adrenal cortex in establishing the estrogenic milieu of pregnancy those findings were among the first indications of the CF and physiological role of the human fetal adrenal SC and led diczfalusy and coworkers to propose the concept of the FPU in which dheas produced by the fetal adrenal SC is used by the placenta for estrogen synthesis tissue and CC techniques together with improved steroid assays revealed that the fetal zone is the primary source of dheas and that its steroidogenic activity is regulated by acth in recent years CF of the human and rhesus monkey fetal adrenal cortical zones has been reexamined by assessing the localization and ontogeny of steroidogenic enzyme expression the primate fetal adrenal cortex is composed of three functionally distinct zones the fetal zone which throughout gestation does not express beta hsd but does express pscc and pc required for dheas synthesis the transitional zone which early in gestation is functionally identical to the fetal zone but late in gestation after weeks expresses beta hsd pscc and pc and therefore is the likely site of glucocorticoid synthesis and the definitive zone which lacks pc throughout gestation but late in gestation T3 weeks expresses beta hsd and pscc and therefore is the likely site of mineralocorticoid synthesis indirect evidence based on effects of pc deficiency and maternal estriol concentrations indicate that the fetal adrenal cortex produces cortisol and dheas early in gestation weeks however controversy exists as to whether cortisol is produced de novo or derived from the metabolism of progesterone as data regarding the expression of beta hsd in the fetal adrenal cortex early in gestation are conflicting during the s liggins and colleagues demonstrated that in the sheep cortisol secreted by the fetal adrenal cortex late in gestation regulates maturation of the fetus and initiates the cascade of events leading to parturition those pioneering discoveries provided insight into the mechanism underlying the timing of parturition and therefore were of particular interest to obstetricians and perinatologists confronted with the problems of PT labor however although cortisol emanating from the fetal adrenal SC promotes fetal maturation in primates as it does in sheep its role in the regulation of primate parturition unlike that in sheep | MEDAL |
the hereditary form comprises approximately of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy dcm and is a major cause of T3 heart failure medical and SES settings require novel treatments other than cardiac transplantation to CS hamsters with congenital dcm show similar clinical and genetic backgrounds to human cases that have defects in the deltasarcoglycan deltasg gene to examine the LT in vivo supplement of normal deltasg gene driven by cytomegalovirus promoter we analyzed the pathophysiologic effects of the transgene expression in to hearts by using recombinant adenoassociated virus vector the transgene preserved sarcolemmal permeability detected in situ by mutual exclusivity between cardiomyocytes taking up intravenously po evans blue dye and expressing the deltasg transgene throughout life the persistent amelioration of sarcolemmal integrity improved wall thickness and the calcification score postmortem furthermore in vivo MC and hemodynamics measured by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization respectively were normalized especially in the diastolic performance most importantly the survival period of the to hamsters was prolonged after the deltasg gene transduction and the animals remained AS exceeding the life expectancy of animals without transduction of the responsible gene these results provide the first evidence that somatic gene therapy is promising for human dcm treatment if the raav vector can be justified for clinical use | MEDAL |
grave shortages of blood occur in over of the countries in the world these result from cultural taboos against donation inadequate funding of the local transfusion service high incidence of transfusion transmissible diseases and rarity of a particular blood group such as rhesus negative in asia or any combination of these factors someone visiting such a country requiring a transfusion may by receiving local blood deprive the local community of a scarce resource to resolve this problem the blood care foundation has developed a fast reliable service to provide blood to travellers in emergency from countries where supplies are more abundant standard operating procedures sops to cover all aspects of sourcing blood and transfusion equipment SQ control and the requesting and transporting of blood to the patient within the shortest possible time have been produced five sourcing blood banks bbs satellite bbs and over transfusion support points have been established alarm centre medical and administrative staff and anaesthetists who act as blood couriers have been TR the methods of requesting blood in an emergency have been integrated with major medical assistance companies by cooperating with a major refrigeration manufacturer a transport box has been designed and tested which can maintain a temperature of degrees c for over h in addition a rabies service has recently been introduced where supplies of rabies immunoglobulin andor vaccine are taken by TR couriers to the person who has been bitten as well as preserving the local blood supply local CHS are helped in ways ABT fluids and equipment when they have of their shelf life remaining are donated to local hospitals secondly when the quality assurance manager visits locations he helps train the local transfusion staff thereby helping them to improve their own service | MEDAL |
in humans eight types of histone h exist hh h degrees ht and hoo all consisting of a highly conserved globular domain and less conserved n and CT tails although the precise functions of these isoforms are not yet understood and h subtypes have been found to be dispensable for mammalian OD it is now clear that specific functions may be assigned to certain individual h subtypes moreover microsequence variations within the isoforms such as polymorphisms or mutations may have biological significance because of the high degree of CS conservation of these proteins this study used a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic method to detect CS SCV within the subtypes two deviations from wildtype h sequences were found in k erythroleukemic cells alanine at position in h was replaced by valine and in raji b lymphoblastoid cells lysine at position in h was replaced by Arg we confirmed these findings by dna sequencing of the corresponding gene segments in k cells a homozygous gccgtc shift was found at codon giving rise to h alaval because the initial methionine is removed in h histones raji cells showed a heterozygous aaaaga codon NC at position in h corresponding to the lysarg substitution the S2 frequency of these sequence variants in a normal swedish population was found to be for the h gccgtc shift indicating that this is a relatively frequent polymorphism the aaaaga codon NC in h was detected only in raji cells and was not present in a normal population or in six other cell lines derived from individuals suffering from burkitts lymphoma the significance of these sequence SCV is unclear but increasing evidence indicates that minor sequence variations in linker histones may NC their IB characteristics influence chromatin remodeling and specifically affect important cellular functions | MEDAL |
MK but not pleiotrophin is mitogenic to human wilms tumor cells g L1 in dosedependent and timedependent fashion MK specifically binds to high affinity kd nm kda and LA receptors kd nm kda on g cell surface that has been confirmed by crosslinking and competition experiments in addition MK stimulates a tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with molecular weight about kda kda and kda these data allow us to suggest that a key point in stimulation of g cell proliferation is interaction of MK to its signaling receptor | MEDAL |
no data are available on the incidence of breast cancer for the whole of australia review of published incidence data from to from new south wales SA and tasmania shows that the incidence of breast cancer in women aged years and over ranged between and of these women these rates are similar to those in other countries with high rates comparison of mortality rates in australian states between and for women aged years and over showed rates from in victoria and in the ACT the rates for victoria and the australian capital territory were significantly higher than those in the other states trends in mortality in australia for women aged years and over were studied in the period from to initially the MR was and increased to reach a peak of in thereafter rates fell to in but have begun to rise again since the peak was largely confined to women over the age of years and further analysis of the agespecific mortality rates showed the peak to be crosssectional in type that is affecting each age group in the same calendar period the rise T3 occurred mainly in women aged between and years and and years | MEDAL |
interchain disulfide crosslinks between the heavychain fragment in HMM and S1 light chain generated by dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid nbs are formed under AGA ionic conditions at neutral ph as revealed by liberation of the chromogenic nitrothiobenzoic acid the presence of the original or of a slightly digested CS chain reduces the rate of the reaction of HMM with nbsmodified light chain by if ca is present dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE in absence of reducing agents shows that nbsmodified light chain attaches to the heavy chain in the region of the kda fragment of heavy meromyosin which contains the essential thiol groups and which has been located at the subfragment subfragment junction of S1 balint m wolf i tarcsafalvi a gergely j and sreter f a arch biochem biophys modification of thiol CG with iodoacetamide as well as crosslinking the thiol and thiol CG by the bifunctional reagent pnnphenylenedimaleimide prior to incubation with nbsmodified light chain has no substantial effect on the crosslinking reaction this indicates that other thiol groups are involved in the binding of nbsmodified CS chain to the heavy chain an examination of k ca mg and actinactivated mg atpase MICs of heavy meromyosin that had been crosslinked with nbsmodified CS chain shows only a slight NC in comparison with intact heavy meromyosin indicating that crosslinking had not altered significantly the hydrolytic site crosslinking of nbsmodified light chain to lightchaindeficient HMM restored the original lightchaindependent ca sensitivity of the tryptic fragmentation of HMM suggesting that crosslinking takes place at the proper IB site for light | MEDAL |
sidetoside pancreatojejunostomy for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct is an established procedure but so far there has been no report of this operation being performed as MIS a yearold woman with a PH of seven years of recurrent one with pancreas divisum underwent a latero lateral pancreatojejunostomy with braun anastomosis for access three ports were used the anastomoses were produced with endogia staplers the operation time was min and the postoperative course was uneventful during months of followup no dilatation of the PD or signs of recurrent one were seen the patient feels fine using improved and newly developed surgical devices ie US shears endostaplers more difficult procedures can be done in a reasonable operation time under ideal conditions patients will have full benefits with MIS | MEDAL |
shortchain fatty acids scfa affect local and remote motility of the gastrointestinal tract by mechanisms that are not completely understood in the C1 intestine where they are produced they inhibit peristaltic activity and may stimulate tonic activity when present in the terminal ileum as a result of reflux of colon contents they elicit propulsive contractions these local motor effects could involve a neurohormonal sensory mechanism located in the mucosa of the terminal ileum and PT colon finally through a humoral pathway probably involving polypeptide yy release ileal and Tc scfa modify upper motility by inducing relaxation of the proximal stomach and lower oesophageal sphincter and reii deficiencies were compared to samples from NCs pcf in patient blood clotted with thrombin nih uml was compared to pcf in clots formed with batroxobin micro g ml pcf in the former should be normal but pcf in the latter is dependent on TG within the sample and might be deficient in factor viin p factor viiin p and factor xin p deficient plateletrich plasmas pcf in batroxobininduced clots was significantly lower than in thrombininduced clots in factor ix deficiency n one patient had a dramatic reduction in pcf while a second patient had increased pcf pcf was insignificantly p reduced in two patients with factor x deficiency and was normal in one patient with factor v deficiency the factor x result is consistent with work in model systems which indicates that as little as FX activity is sufficient to restore thrombin generation to normal the factor v result probably indicates that the deficiency is incomplete pcf in thrombininduced clots was normal in all of these patients low fibrinogen and factor xiii deficiency reduced pcf in both thrombin and batroxobininduced clots these results indicate that pcf is reduced probably due to delayed thrombin generation in some factordeficient plateletrich plasma samples | MEDAL |
infusions of about g soya oil emulsified with egg lecithin IL or soya lecithin lipofundin have different effects on the composition of SS lipoprotein fractions in volunteers n triglycerides are altered in all lipoprotein fractions most in lowest density classes but also in ldl and hdl differences in maximal concentrations higher during IL and differences in removal rate of triglycerides faster with lipofundin are due to different emulsifiers cholesterol increase in vldl and decrease in hdl are independent from emulsifier intralipid produces an increase of phospholipids in all lipoprotein fractions lipofundin only in vldl linoleic acid in lecithin fatty acids of lipoprotein fractions is increased by lipofundin and decreased by IL apolipoprotein ai and aii decrease in hdl and slightly increase in hdl during both infusions apolipoprotein cii increases significantly T3 IL | MEDAL |
a new gene rhm required for normal production of aminolevulinic acid by saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified by a novel screening method EMS treatment of a FL porphyric CS bearing the pop mutation produced nonfluorescent or weakly fluorescent mutants with defects in early stages of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis class i mutants defective in synthesis of ALA regained fluorescence when grown on medium supplemented with aminolevulinate whereas class ii mutants altered in later biosynthetic steps did not among six recessive class i mutants at least three complementation groups were found one mutant contained an S2 of hem the structural gene for aminolevulinate synthase and two mutants contained alleles of the RII gene cyc the remaining mutants contained genes cDNA to both hem and cyc mutant CS dars contained mutant gene rhm which segregated independently of hem and cyc during meiosis aminolevulinate synthase activity of the rhm mutant was to of that of the parental pop strain whereas intracellular aminolevulinate concentration was only to of the parental value transformation of an rhm CS with a multicopy plasmid containing the cloned hem gene restored normal C2 of ALA synthase activity but intracellular ALA was increased to only to of normal we concluded that rhm could control either targeting of ALA synthase to the mitochondrial matrix or the activity of the enzyme in vivo | MEDAL |
LI li is a cognitive process whereby repeated SE of a stimulus without consequence impedes the formation of subsequent associations with that CS- a number of studies in the rat have reported that li is impaired by moderate systemic doses of amphetamine an effect believed to be mediated via dopamine da release in the nucleus accumbens we and others have reported that nicotine has a selective effect in releasing da in the accumbens rather than the caudate nucleus we have therefore examined the ability of NIC to disrupt li using a conditioned emotional response paradigm preexposure of a tone stimulus impaired subsequent conditioning between that stimulus and mild FS as indexed by suppression of licking by the tone subsequently presented CT this li effect was prevented by an effect confined to the preexposed group by doses of or mgkg NIC sc which are accumbens selective given before preexposure and before conditioning the effect of nicotine in disrupting li was prevented by prior administration of haloperidol at a dose mgkg reported to reverse the disruptive effect of amphetamine on li although the amphetamine effect requires two administrations the effect of two administrations of NIC was reproduced by a single dose of nicotine given before conditioning but not by a single dose before preexposure the results are discussed in relation to studies in human control and schizophrenic subjects which suggest that increased da activity in humans is also associated with impaired liabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
pyramidal command of skin potential response spr was investigated in cats paralyzed by gallamine and under a halothane anaesthetic for each animal a transection of the medulla sparing only the PT was carried out the pyramidal tract and mesencephalic reticular formation mrf were stimulated before and T3 the transection results taken before transection show that the spr can be elicited from stimulation of the PT and the mrf after transection stereotaxic stimulations of the PT still evoked the spr even T3 aspiration of the medullary tissue posterior to the section and overlying the pyramids control reticular stimulations with higher CS- intensities failed to evoked the spr these results show that stimulation of the pyramidal tract can elicit the spr independently of reticulospinal neurons it is hypothesized that a group of corticospinal SF could transmit volleys having autonomic activity on preganglionic autonomic neurons of the intermediate zone of the grey matter | MEDAL |
the synthesis of the diastereomeric bisfluorophenylethylenediaminedicarboxylatoplatinumi i complexes rac and mesofptx x oxalato ox malonato mal hydroxymalonato ohmal phenylmalonato phmal tetrahydrohpyrandicarboxylato thpdc the DUE of their structure water solubility resistance against attack by nucleophiles and growth inhibiting properties on the human mcf breast CA cell le normal mitral valve in other wards this double mitral valve orifices was appeared to be formed by bridging the cleft between the anterior and posterior cusps of the normal mitral valve the valvular cusps of the main or the accessory mitral valve had proper chordae tendineae and papillary muscles the papillary muscles were classified into four groups anterior a AL al posterior p and PL pl according to taniya the anterior PTC muscles group had a base at the anterior wall of the left IVT the AL papillary muscles group had at the whole LW the posterior papillary muscles group had at the boundary between the interventricular SP and the posterior wall and the posterolateral PTC muscles group had at the posterior part of the lateral wall fig the anterior and AL papillary muscles CG and the posterior and posterolateral PTC muscles groups of taniya constituted the anterior and the posterior papillary muscles respectively in the general use of the anatomical term the chordae tendineae attached to the cusps of the main orifice arose from the anterior AL and posterior papillary muscles groups fig a and those attached to the cusps of the accessory orifice arose from the posterolateral papillary muscles group fig b the chordae tendineae were also classified into three types after taniya the a type chordae tendineae were thick and attached to the base of the cusps the type b were moderately thick and attached to the midway between the base and the margin of the cusps and the c type were thin and attached to the margin of the cusps the main mitral valve had type a type b and type c chordae the accessory mitral valve had and chordae respectively fig this case of the double mitral valve orifices is considered to be included in the CE type of cascos et al and the bridge type of elfenbein et al a morphogenetic mechanism of this type of the double mitral valve orifices is explained by an abnormal adhesion between the dorsal endocardial cushion and the LL endocardial cushion like mass in early developmental stage according to wimsatt and Le but a possibility of an abnormal orifice in the posterior cusp which is produced in the process of formation of cusps chordae tendineae and papillary muscles in later stage still remains to be discussed | MEDAL |
BMC at any time of life reflects the totality of events that have impinged on the skeleton to that point for adults these events include those that have influenced the acquisition of bone during years of growth resulting in the achievement of skeletal maturity or peak bone mass as well as those that have subsequently influenced bone losses for each limb of this trajectory physical activity has been implicated as a powerful and independent factor this article reviews current evidence regarding the relation of habitual physical activity to bone acquisition and maintenance the skeletal consequences of exercise training and the clinical value of exercise for patients with skeletal frailty | MEDAL |
staphylococcal alphahemolysin alphahl is a beta barrel poreforming toxin that is secreted by the bacterium as a watersoluble monomeric protein upon binding to susceptible cells alphahl assembles via an inactive prepore to form a waterfilled homoheptameric TM pore the n terminus of alphahl which in the crystal structure of the fully assembled pore forms a latch between adjacent subunits has been thought to play a vital role in the prepore to pore conversion for example the deletion of two nterminal residues produced a completely inactive protein that was arrested in assembly at the prepore stage in the present study we have reexamined assembly with a comprehensive set of truncation mutants surprisingly we found that after truncation of up to amino acids the ability of alphahl to form functional pores was diminished but still substantial we then discovered that the mutation ser asn which was present in our original set of truncations but not in the new ones promotes complete inactivation upon truncation of the n terminus therefore the n terminus of alphahl cannot be critical for the prepore to pore transformation as previously thought residue is involved in the assembly process and must interact indirectly with the distant n terminus during the last step in pore formation in addition we provide evidence that an intact n terminus prevents the premature oligomerization of alphahl monomers in solution | MEDAL |
this study assessed clinical and angiographic efficacies of oral treatment with prednisone at lowdose ld versus the previous highdose hd immunosuppressive dosage used T3 percutaneous coronary interventions pcis with bare metal stents in patients with multivessel coronary i.a. disease fortythree patients with multivessel disease successfully treated with multiple pcis were matched to the previous hd impressmvd T0 population the patients were treated for coronary stenoses and received day oral prednisone treatment ld group mgkg for days mgkg for days mgkg for days and were compared retrospectively with the patients in the hd impressmvd T0 with treated coronary lesions hd group mgkg for days mgkg for days mgkg for days the primary clinical end point was month eventfree survival rate defined as freedom from death myocardial infarction and need for target vessel revascularization the AA end point was angiographic restenosis at months assessed by QCA EFS rates were and in the ld and hd CG respectively or confidence interval to p restenosis was observed in lesions in the hd group and in lesions in the ld group p mean late lumen loss was mm and the loss index was in the hd group compared with mm and in the ld group p and respectively in conclusion antirestenotic efficacy of oral treatment with prednisone after conventional pci is dose CS a dose decrease in oral prednisone as tested in this T0 is less ERP than the previously tested hd impress therapeutic scheme | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to determine whether the medial rotation that accompanies flexion of the shoulder took place during the performance of the flexionabductionlateralrotation proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern df with the forearm moving in supination and the elbow remaining in extension the dominant shoulders of volunteer subjects men and women between and years of age and with no known pathological conditions of the dominant upper extremity were examined the amount of shoulder flexion was determined by using a gravityactivated angle finder placed on the superior surface of the humerus at the beginning and ending phases of motion the amount of shoulder rotation was determined by using a universal goniometer a square ruler and a gravityactivated angle finder with its base resting on the surface of an adjustable wooden bracket aligned over the humeral epicondyles the results for all subjects showed that as the df pattern was performed lateral rotation occurred during the initial phase of motion that was followed by a palpable change to medial rotation the analysis of variance and scheffé tests demonstrated significant differences p less than between the amount of medial rotation at the beginning of the DP and the point at which the rotational direction changed and between this point and the end of the pattern physical therapists should be aware that the flexionabductionlateralrotation DP should end with the shoulder in medial rotation when they guide and apply resistance to patients performing this pnf DP | MEDAL |
this paper reviews recent research and OD on microwave sterilization including the experiments of sterilization effects the influence of MW radiating on the media parameters the development of microwave sterilizers and the T0 of sterilization mechanism many results show that the method of MW sterilization is more easytoperform economical and reproducible than the conventional autoclaving method it is necessary to T0 the sterilization conditions through the experiments for different media and bacteria the research on sterilization mechanism especially nonthermal sterilization mechanism is still a hotpoint | MEDAL |
to evaluate the longterm benefits of progressive resistance training in chronic stroke | MEDAL |
the human polyomavirus bk bkv is widespread pathogen associated with urogenital tract disorders or even nephropathy in immunosuppressed patients nowadays molecular detection by realtime pcr qpcr is recognized as a methodofchoice for detecting human polyomaviruses in clinical samples the aim of the T0 was OD of realtime pcr assay for detection and quantification of polyomavirus bk dna in clinical samples using TPS primers targeting a viral dna vp gene and a taqman hydrolyzing probe the analytical sensitivity of CA was tested using serial dilutions of bkv dna in range between and copiesml urine samples and plasma samples taken from a group of AD recipients of allogeneic hsct were tested for the presence of polyomavirus bk in the lightcycler system described inhouse RT pcr assay detected bkv dna in specimens urine and plasma detected average viral load was copiesml for plasma and copiesml for urine samples respectively the results of this T0 show that developed taqmanbased probe qpcr CA is very reliable and valuable for PCD and quantification of bkv dna both in urine and plasma samples these data combined with its rapid TAT for results and decreased handson time make the lightcycler pcr CA highly suitable for the rapid diagnostics of polyomavirus bk infections in the clinical laboratory | MEDAL |
residues and on pigeon cytochrome c p analogues function as agretopes sites bound to mhc molecules phenylalanine f and alanine a at positions and on p respectively bind to iab aspartic acid d and alanine at positions and respectively bind to iak to determine the allele SB CS desetope s on class ii molecules that are correspondent to the agretopes of peptide antigen ag we analyzed directly IB capacity of p analogues with glu e at the epitopic position e to l cell transfectants expressing recombinant ia molecules between b and k types an ak IB peptide dea bound to transfectant possessing amino acid CS of k type on NT half of alphahelix of a alphachain irrespective of the b type sequence on the other part whereas an ab IB peptide fea did not bind to these transfects thus agretopic residue of dea peptides appeared to bind to nterminal half of alphahelix of a alphachain to define critical residues for the allele specific peptide binding we then analyzed peptide binding capacity of ak mutants substituted one of four polymorphic residues between ak and ab molecules an ak mutant ak alphaa where Arg r at position of the ak alphachains was substituted with alanine located at the same position of the ab alphachains hardly bound dea by contrast the ak alphaa bound fea furthermore ak restricted t cell hybridomas responded to fea but not to dea in the presence of the ak alphaa apc thus an amino acid on the position of a alphachain determines critically specificity of the S2 TPS peptide binding desetope | MEDAL |
P0 infants and especially premature ones are uniquely susceptible to severe and overwhelming bacterial infections the reasons for this are not completely understood a number of defects in the neonates host defense system have been described including deficiency of opsonic antibodies CA in the number and CF of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and depressed C2 of the major complement components exp animal studies in our laboratory have indicated that many of these defects can be overcome through the administration of intravenous immune globulin recently several investigators have attempted to treat or prevent bacterial infections in human neonates with intravenous immune AHG we have found that doses as high as mgkg can be po to premature infants without detectable side effects this results in igg C2 comparable with those in term infants and adults limited studies in the literature suggest that intravenous immune globulin therapy may decrease morbidity and mortality from infection in premature human infants furthermore prophylactic treatment of PT infants may serve to prevent the development of infection in some instances optimal management of PT and some term human infants may involve immunotherapy with intravenous immune globulin | MEDAL |
a bp deletion in the epsteinbarr virus ebv latent membrane protein lmp gene has been reported in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and ebvassociated malignant lymphomas information on this deletion in ebvassociated gastric carcinoma ebvagc is limited the association of gastric carcinoma gc with ebv was examined by ebvencoded rna eber in situ hybridization in patients from japan and patients from brazil we studied the prevalence of bp lmp gene deletion in ebvagc in japan cases and brazil four cases in comparison with the corresponding eberpositive metastatic lesions in lymph nodes cases and ebvinfected reactive lymphocytes from dissected nonmetastatic lymph NO cases microdissected nonneoplastic gastric mucosa of ebvagc five cases and ebvnonassociated gc cases we studied the status of the lmp gene by southern blot hybridization of polymerase chain reaction products obtained T3 amplification with primers flanking the site of the deletion we also performed ebv typing and lmp protein immunohistochemistry ebv dna was amplified by PCR reaction in of ebvagc cases of metastatic carcinomas nonneoplastic tissues from ebvagc cases and of nonebvassociated gc cases with eberpositive lymphocytes the bp lmp gene deletion was observed in of cases of ebvagc from japan and two of four cases of brazilian ebvagc as compared with eberpositive reactive lymphocytes from of ebvagc cases and of cases of nonebvassociated gc the variant type the bp deletion variant or nondeleted wild type of lmp gene was the same among reactive lymphocytes primary and secondary lesions of ebvagc in all cases for which all three tissue types were studied six of six there was no rho between the presence of the bp deletion with depth of CA invasion or presence of metastasis type a was detected in all available ebvpositive cases the similar high incidence of bp deletion in lmp gene in both carcinoma cells and reactive lymphocytes in ebvagc cases suggests that this deletion may not be relevant to the pathogenesis of ebvagc | MEDAL |
in the present paper we examined the incidence of polymorphic genes involved with the detoxification of exogenous chemicals including carcinogens namely gstt glutathione transferase theta gstm GT micro and nqo nadphquinone oxidoreductase in filipino paediatric patients with all acute lymphoblastic leukaemia we found a significantly high incidence of the gstm null genotype in all children compared with in the control group of children p the gstt null genotype was observed in and of the all cases and the control subjects respectively with no significant difference screening for nqo ct mutant alleles showed a high incidence of the nqo cc TT nqo homozygous wildtype S2 genotype in of all cases and was significantly higher than in the control group p these gstm null and nqo wildtype genotypes are independently associated with the risk of all in filipino patients when these two genotypes gstm null and nqo cc were combined the hazard rate for childhood leukaemia was significantly increased p we also noticed that the incidences of gstm null mutations and the nqo cc genotype were significantly higher among filipinos these findings suggest a possible role of the gstm null and nqo cc genotypes in the susceptibility of paediatric all cases in the philippines | MEDAL |
emerging evidence suggests that the transforming growth factor tgfβinduced epithelialmesenchymal transition emt of AM epithelial cells aec may contribute to airway remodeling in severe asthma and fibrotic lung diseases studies have shown that extracts from propolis protect chemicalinduced cardiac and CL fibrosis in animals this study assesses the inhibitory effect of propolis on tgfβinduced emt in serumdeprived a cells human aecs exp results show progressive cell morphological changes decreased EC increased ncadherin production intracellular factin rearrangement increased reactive oxygen species ros production and increased cell motility with increasing tgfβ concentration a cells pretreated with propolis and then treated with tgfβ for h regained epithelial cell morphology decreased the production of ncadherin and ros and had reduced motility propolis prevents the effects of tgfβinduced smad and akt activation pathways and snail expression moreover propolis i.c.v. may prevent the tgfβinduced downregulation of nuclear hormone receptors and peroxisome proliferatoractivated TRG pparγ protein in a cells whose effece we have used lentiviralbased shrna technology to investigate the effects of asxl silencing on cell proliferation apoptosis myeloid differentiation and global mRNA in human cd cells differentiated along the myeloid lineage in vitro asxldeficient cells showed a significant decrease in the generation of cdb and cd cells implicating impaired granulomonocytic differentiation furthermore colonyforming assays showed a significant increase in the number of multipotent mixed lineage CFU-F cfugemm colonies and a significant decrease in the numbers of granulocytemacrophage cfu cfugm and granulocyte cfu cfug colonies in asxldeficient cells our data suggests that asxl knockdown perturbs human granulomonocytic differentiation gene expression profiling identified many deregulated genes in the asxldeficient cells differentiated along the granulomonocytic lineage and pathway analysis showed that the most significantly deregulated pathway was the lxrrxr activation pathway asxl may play a key role in recruiting the Pc repressor complex prc to specific loci and we found overrepresentation of prc targets among the deregulated genes in asxldeficient cells these findings shed light on the PET role of asxl in human myeloid differentiation | MEDAL |
the application of molecular diagnostic techniques along with nucleotide sequence determination to permit contemporary phylogenetic analysis of european field isolates of equine infectious anemia virus eiav has not been widely reported as a result of extensive testing instigated following the outbreak of equine infectious anemia in italy farms with a history of exposure to this disease were included in this T0 new pcrbased methods were developed which especially in the case of dna preparations from IP blood cells showed excellent rho with oieapproved agar gel immunodiffusion agid tests for identifying eiavinfected animals in contrast the oierecommended oligonucleotide primers for eiav failed to react with any of the italian isolates similar results were also obtained with samples from four romanian farms in addition for the first time complete characterization of gag genes from five italian isolates and one romanian isolate has been achieved along with acquisition of extensive sequence information of the total gag gene from four additional eiav isolates one italian and three romanian furthermore in another cases we accomplished partial characterization of gag gene sequences in the region encoding the viral matrix protein analysis of this information suggested that most italian isolates were geographically restricted somewhat reminiscent of the clades described for human immunodeficiency virus type hiv collectively this represents the most comprehensive genetic T0 of european eiav isolates conducted to date | MEDAL |
reduced bone formation and BL have been documented in patients following burn injury urinary deoxypyridinoline dpd is accepted as a marker of collagen breakdown activity because calcitonin ct diminishes BR and growth hormone gh increases bone formation and density in ghdeficient patients we studied the shortterm effects of ct and gh on urinary dpd C2 in burned patients in patients with severe burns urinary dpd levels were investigated for days following hospitalisation then the patients were divided into CG of in the ct group ct u was injected subcutaneously daily for days in the gh group gh mgkg was injected subcutaneously three times in a week inype can CR clonal propagation including transfection and selection and can be used to produce transgenic nt embryos however a possible deleterious effect of egfp on embryo development should be considered in future gene targeting studies | MEDAL |
a panel of lipid carbohydrate and protein antibodies were optimized for use in detecting m leprae antigens in paraffin embedded material skin and nerve biopsies from patients across the leprosy spectrum were studied all antibodies detected antigen in tissues with a bi phenolicglycolipid was not detected in bacteriologically negative tissue but lipoarabinomanan lam and protein antigens were detected staining with lam was strongest and gave least background the transfer of this immunohistochemical technique to paraffin embedded material will allow examination of tissue with better morphology and from clinics without access to tissue freezing facilities | MEDAL |
i.c.v. of female wistar rats with propyphenazone produces a slight shortening of the hexobarbital sleeping time and high doses of this drug cause a small increase in the relative liver weight but there occurs no significant NC in the ndemethylation of aminophenazone the odemethylation of codeine phosphate the hydroxylation of AN the glucuronidation of PNP the cytochrome p concentration and the nadphcytochrome c reductase activity in the supernatant of liver homogenates the differences between these properties of propyphenazone and those of aminophenazone and phenazone are discussed with REF to partition coefficientsm nmolmg protein substrates for the three enzymes generated type i difference spectra progesterone and alphahydroxyprogesterone appeared to bind to one p species while the aromatase substrates androstenedione hydroxyandrostenedione and testosterone all bound to another p species spectral binding constants ks for these interactions were determined michaelis constants km and maximum velocities were determined for progesterone alphahydroxylation alphahydroxyprogesterone sidechain cleavage and for the aromatization of androstenedione 4-OHA and testosterone measured either by spectral or kinetic methods progesterone androstenedione and 4-OHA were high affinity substrates ks or km less than microm while alphahydroxyprogesterone and testosterone were low affinity substrates ks or km microm as evidence for the participation of cytochrome p in these reactions carbon monoxide was found to inhibit each of the enzyme activities studied the activity of nadphcytochrome c reductase a component of cytochrome pdependent reactions was also high in necturus testis microsomes | MEDAL |
male weanling rats were fed fatfree diets supplemented with ww safflower oil control or tripalmitin essential HFA efa deficient for weeks whereas the amount of lecithin in lung lavage material remained unchanged lung lavage lecithin from efadeficient rats contained significantly less palmitic acid vs p less than than that from controls surface tension vs area hysteresis loops were obtained for total lipid extracts tle of lung lavage fluid intra and extracellular lipoprotein fractions ibi and ibe and lipid extracts of those lipoprotein fractions lbi and lbe a significant increase in minimal surface tension gammamin was found for all samples obtained from EFAD rats as compared to controls refeeding of diets containing safflower oil for days reversed these changes air pressurevolume curves on degassed excised lungs indicated that greater pressure is required to maintain a given lung volume in EFAD rats these results support the hypothesis that the HFA composition of pulmonary surfactant lecithins is a L1 determinant of the surface activity of lung extracts | MEDAL |
data on the economic impact of lyme borreliosis lb on european health care systems is scarce this project focused on the epidemiology and costs for laboratory testing in lb patients in germany | MEDAL |
the present T0 was designed to analyze in detail the effects of lglutamate lglu and its agonists on the release of lhrh from arcuate nucleusmedian eminence anme fragments in vitro fragments from adult male rats were incubated in KRB in the presence of different concentrations of lglu kainate ka nmethyldaspartic acid nmda and quisqualate qa lglu at mm evoked a significant increase in basal lhrh release while dglutamate at similar concentrations was ineffective partial depolarization with mm k significantly augmented the PR of lhrh induced by lglu lgluinduced lhrh release was blunted in a doserelated manner by the TPS kaqa receptor antagonist dinitroquinoxalinedione SE to ka or qa significantly increased lhrh release at concentrations mm much lower than those required for lglu in the presence of mm k the potencies of ka and qa and mm respectively were significantly enhanced dinitroquinoxalinedione blocked kainduced lhrh release while ap a competitive nmda receptor antagonist was inactive in preventing lglu and kainduced lhrh release lhrh secretion from anme fragments was unaffected by nmda at concentrations up to mm in the different media tested a significant stimulatory effect of nmda at mm was observed when fragments were incubated in mgfree medium these results show the stereoselectivity of lglu to enhance lhrh PR from anme fragments in vitro moreover in view of the respective potencies of excitatory CAA agonists ka qa greater than lglu greater than nmda and the selective antagonism of excitatory CAA effects they provide evidence that nonnmda receptors primarily mediate the excitatory actions of lglu on lhrh PR from nerve terminals in the anme | MEDAL |
the prevalence of hearing impairment among yearold children in metropolitan atlanta between and was evaluated HI children were identified by reviewing records at public schools and health and social service agencies the prevalence was per and was slightly higher among blacks and boys than among whites and girls the most common known causes of hearing impairment were meningitis per genetic and hereditary conditions per and congenital rubella syndrome per for of the children the etiology of the hearing loss could not be determined most of the children were diagnosed after the age of suggesting that methods of early ID need to be improved | MEDAL |
transmural or endovascular invasion of regional veins is often a characteristic of malignant renal neoplasms tumor thrombus that ascends in the VPI vena cava and sometimes invades the heart seldom adheres to intima radical surgical management of malignant renal neoplasms necessitates concomitant SE of RT thrombus this may be achieved by cavotomy alone but often resection of portions of the suprarenal IVC either partial mural cavectomy or circumferential cavectomy is also required atriotomy is mandatory whenever intracardiac RT thrombus exists most of the reported operations for venous extension related to malignant renal neoplasms were done in the past decade technical problems have included embolism hemorrhage and incomplete removal because the left kidney is endowed with vast collateral venous channels right nephrectomy and suprarenal caval interruption are usually well tolerated conversely since the right kidney lacks venous collaterals survival T3 left nephrectomy and suprarenal cavectomy hinges on creation of a shunt to divert venous outflow from the remaining kidney | MEDAL |
signalaveraged electrocardiogram ecg variables were analyzed in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia and nonischemic HR disease using the art lvp epx system austin tx VVI ART patients with arrhythmogenic RA ventricular dysplasia arvd IVT patients with dilated cardiomyopathy patients with idiopathic verapamilsensitive left IVT patients with idiopathic RA IVT and idiopathic VVI fibrillation ivf patients with rbbb DP and ST in the precordial leads data from normal control subjects were also analyzed the first study was to test the hypothesis of any difference in SAECG indices between patients with arvd and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy longer filtered qrs duration and t and higher amplitude of the terminal filtered qrs complex outside the end of the standard qrs complex log voutside were noted in patients with arvd filtered qrs duration vs ms p t vs ms p log voutside vs p Endo mapping showed noticeable extension of fractionated electrograms in the RA ventricle and longer duration of fractionated intracardiac electrograms in patients with arvd which might explain the difference in SAECG indices between these two diseases the second T0 was to test the hypothesis of and the variables that can suggest the arrhythmogenic ATP in patients with idiopathic VVI tachycardiaabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a pharmacokinetic RPA was used for gentamicin dosing in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis a onecompartment openmodel analysis of steadystate gentamicin pharmacokinetics revealed a significantly larger apparent volume of CSD and total plasma clearance for patients with cf as compared to a similar population of children without the disease the increase in the apparent volume of CSD for patients with cf produced a larger daily gentamicin dose requirement to maintain similar steadystate levels as compared to children without the disease significant differences in the Ke constant and halflife for gentamicin were not found between these populations linear correlations between creatinine clearance and kel for gentamicin and TB body weight and the apparent volume of distribution were demonstrated for children with varying degrees of stable renal CF but not patients with cf altered gentamicin disposition peculiar to cf precludes application of currently used dosing nomograms or guidelines derived from normal populations and emphasizes the need for individualized gentamicin therapy guided by a pharmacokinetic RPA in these patients | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of markers of pathogenicity islands that may be informative to detect the virulent pai carriers of clinical and environmental strains of aeromonas spp isolated in mexico virb virb and virb genes were found in aeromonas strains isolated from environmental and clinical sources while cage and tfc genes were only in strains of environmental origin having performed the wide screening presented in this T0 we now have a set of strains to map and confirm the presence of a pathogenicity island in aeromonas strains isolated in mexico | MEDAL |
a prepeak was separated from the main peak of a monoclonal antibody by size exclusion hplc sehplc analysis using two tskgel gswxl columns connected in series when compared with molecular weight markers the product peak elutes as a molecule with apparent molecular weight of kda indicating that separation is not strictly on the basis of size exclusion and that longer retention of the antibody by this column probably results from interaction between the stationary phase and the protein molecules during separation the prepeak has been characterized as due to the oxidation of one of tryptophan residues on the heavy chains of this monoclonal antibody because the sehplc method using tandem tskgel gswxl columns showed unsatisfactory reproducibility amongst column lots a more reliable and accurate reversed phase hplc rphplc method was developed to detect the tryptophan oxidation on the heavy chains of the monoclonal antibody the level of tryptophan oxidation determined by the reversed phase method was correlated with the amount of tryptophan oxidation observed as a prepeak by sehplc the rphplc method was qualified for precision accuracy linearity of the main peak and the minor peak oxidized isoforms of the heavy chain PCD limit and quantitation limit | MEDAL |
we have recently shown that primary rat hepatocytes organized in micropatterned cocultures with murine embryonic fibroblasts hepatopac⢠maintain high levels of liver functions for at least weeks in this study rat hepatopac was assessed for its utility to T0 chemical bioactivation and associated HCC toxicity treatment of hepatopac cultures with acetaminophen apap over a raed the influence of intensive physical AS within CG of students and independent samples tests made it possible to evaluate the power of medical and sport students performing PCS training at a significantly higher level than it is usual among the medical students our results proved that higher level PT influences the psychic state advantageously limits increases in cardiac AS level and decreases susceptibility to anxiety and depression | MEDAL |
patients with systemic essential arterial hypertension have been treated with mgdie of metoprolol the systolic times have been valued before and T3 the treatment it has been observed a reduction of the preejection period simultaneously and proportionally to the reduction of the arterial pressure and the cardiac frequence these last parameters and the indices of consumption of oxygen and heart frequence have undergone a significant decrease since the first week of therapy the bloodless indices which express the myocardic +dP/dt demonstrated instead not to be particularly influenced | MEDAL |
electron cytochemistry was employed to identify microglial cells by nucleoside diphosphatase ndpase in the senile plaques of the autopsy brain in alzheimers disease and senile PSD it has been elucidated that processes of microglial cells enter a SP and are closely connected with amyloid accumulation a positive reaction to ndpase revealed in the extracellular substance suggests that these cells play an important role in the accumulation of amyloid in a senile plaque | MEDAL |
the interactions between short and LT exposure to ethanol and pentobarbital were characterized in goldfish tolerant to one of these drugs the effects of ethanol and pentobarbital were measured by the overturn test as the time of ON of the loss of the RR and the corresponding drug concentration in brain of fish immersed in mumolml ethanol or mumolml sodium pentobarbital challenge solutions the chronic treatment consisted of or h preexposure to mumolml ethanol or mumolml sodium pentobarbital in tris buffer solution fish preexposed to ethanol for or h or to pentobarbital for h were rendered more tolerant to pentobarbital or ethanol respectively preexposure to pentobarbital for h however produced in goldfish the same degree of tolerance to ethanol and nsumption rates coupled uncoupled ouabain sensitive and ouabain insensitive and atp contents by inhibitions induced by removal of phosphate could be altered by addition of selected organic substrates to ambient fluids addition of succinate citrate or malate preserved uncoupled respiration and partially preserved jv nl x mm x min with succinate being most effective addition of shortchain fatty acids butyrate or valerate to phosphatefree media had little or no effect on jv nbutylmalonate an inhibitor of dicarboxylate anion transport into mitochondria reduced oxidative metabolism atp content and jv when added to phosphatecontaining media but had no further effect on these tubular functions when added to phosphatefree media together these results suggest that phosphate limitation reduces dicarboxylate anion availability to mitochondria and that this inhibition may contribute to the overall reduction in oxidative metabolism and jv observed under these conditions | MEDAL |
in patients with acute myocardial infarction ami and no previous mi the maximal activity of SS heatstable lactate dehydrogenase ld ec activity was related to year and year mortality rates all patients participated in a doubleblind trial with MET during the first three months T3 an ami thereafter both groups were treated in a similar way a strong relationship was found between ld maximum activity and the inhospital prognosis p less than the year survival rate p less than and the year survival rate p less than when the patients who were alive after primary hospitalization were analyzed as a separate group the relationship between ld maximum activity and year and year survival rates remained p less than in a subsample of patients the Vmax of creatine kinase ck ec and ck subunit b did not correlate either with inhospital year or year survival rates we conclude that when a sufficiently C1 number of patients are investigated there is a strong relationship between SS enzyme maximum activity and short and LT survival | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to measure the degree of coupling between the floating mass transducer fmt and the round window membrane rwm in patients with conductive and mixed hearing loss implanted with the vibrant soundbridge vsb device the efficiency of direct and indirect coupling of the fmt to the rwm was compared by measuring differences between the initial prescription targets and the final settings of the vsb audio processor after finetuning | MEDAL |
the steadystate reactant levels of triosephosphate isomerase and the glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenasephosphoglycerate kinase system were examined in guineapig cardiac muscle key glycolytic intermediates including glyceraldehyde phosphate were directly measured and compared with those of creatine kinase nonworking langendorff NF as well as isolated working hearts were perfused with mm gl plus insulin under normoxia conditions to maintain lactate dehydrogenase nearequilibrium the cytosolic phosphorylation potential atpadppi was derived from creatine kinase and the free nadnadhh ratio from lactate dehydrogenase in langendorff NF glycolysis was varied from nearzero flux hyperkalemic CA to higher than normal flux normal and maximum catecholamine stimulation the triosephosphate isomerase was nearequilibrium only in control or potassiumarrested langendorff hearts as well as in postischemic stunned hearts however when glycolytic flux increased due to norepinephrine or due to physiological pressurevolume work the enzyme was displaced from equilibrium the alternative phosphorylation ratio atpadppi was derived from the magnesiumdependent glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenasephosphoglycerate kinase system assigning free magnesium different values in the physiological range mm as predicted atpadppi and atpadppi were in excellent PA when glycolysis was virtually halted by hyperkalemic arrest flux approximately mumol cming dry mass however the equality between the two phosphorylation ratios was not abolished upon resumption of spontaneous beating and also not during adrenergic stimulation flux approximately mumol cming DM in contrast when flux increased due to transition from nowork to physiological pressurevolume work rate increase from approximately to mumol cming dry mass the two ratios were markedly different indicating disequilibrium of the G3P dehydrogenasephosphoglycerate kinase only during adrenergic stimulation or postischemic myocardial stunning not due to hydraulic work load per se glyceralde administration of dehydroepiandrosterone dhea to rats results in alterations in CL and SS AF this study was undertaken to determine the earliest metabolic changes associated with dhea treatment SS cholesterol triacylglycerol glucose insulin glucagon thyroid hormones and hepatic glucosephosphate dehydrogenase activity were in general unaltered in obese zucker rats T3 d and and h of dhea treatment ME longchain fatty acylcoenzyme a hydrolase and catalase MICs and peroxisomal betaoxidation rates were elevated T3 d and h in dhea treatment but not after h mitochondrial betaoxidation was not altered hepatic mitochondrial state QO2 per g liver with glutamatemalate was elevated T3 d and and h in dheatreated rats and was elevated per mg protein except after d succinatesupported state respiration per g CL was also elevated T3 d and and h of dhea treatment mitochondria from rats treated for d had lower levels of CL and phosphatidylethanolamine and an increase in phosphatidylcholine changes in fatty acid composition of these phospholipids occurred T3 d and h of dhea treatment in an additional T0 rats were treated with dhea or dhea plus ethidium bromide for d ethidium bromide inhibited the increase in mitochondrial protein and respiration associated with dhea treatment these findings indicate that mitochondrial respiration is the earliest factor affected by dhea and may be associated with protein synthesis | MEDAL |
the establishment of the determinants of diet and PCS activity dedipac knowledge hub was the first action taken by the healthy diet for a healthy life european joint programming initiative dedipac aimed to provide better insight into the determinants of diet physical activity and sedentary behaviour across the life course ie insight into the causes of the causes of important noncommunicable diseases across europe and beyond dedipac was launched in late and delivered its final report in late in this paper we give an overview of what was achieved in terms of furthering measurement and monitoring providing overviews of the stateoftheart in the field and building toolboxes for further research and practice additionally we propose some of the next steps that are now required to move forward in this field arguing in favour of sustaining the knowledge hub and developing it into a european virtual research institute and knowledge centre for determinants of behavioural nutrition and physical activity with close links to other parts of the world establishing a cohort study of families across all regions of europe focusing specifically on the individual and contextual determinants of major noncommunicable disease and furthering dedipacs work on nutrition physical activity and sedentary behaviour policy DUE and benchmarking across europe by aligning with other international initiatives and by supporting harmonisation of paneuropean surveillance | MEDAL |
the purpose of the T0 was to compare the level of SOC soc in parents of children with autism and in parents of TD children and to examine the association between soc level and coping strategies two questionnaires were used sense of coherence scale soc and ways of coping questionnaire parents of children with autism had a lower level of the total soc meaningfulness and manageability compared with controls and used escapeavoidance coping more often no differences in soc level were found between mothers and fathers in parents of children with autism the soc level was positively associated with seeking SS and selfcontrolling and negatively with accepting responsibility and positive reappraisal | MEDAL |
emulsions of menhaden oil and sodium caseinate nacas incorporating carbohydrates of varying dextrose equivalence de were spraydried to yield encapsulated fish oil powders the effects of carbohydrate de corewall ratio and nacascarbohydrate ratio on microencapsulation efficiency me and oxidative stability of spraydried emulsions were examined the effect of alphatocopherol or trolox c addition on the oxidative stability of herring oil emulsions and powders was also determined me of fish oil powders was greater than in most cases peroxide value pv of menhaden oil powders decreased on increasing the de of carbohydrates pv of MO powders increased as corewall ratio increased from nacasde ratio did not affect pv values of powders the addition of alphatocopherol or trolox c decreased pv throughout the storage period this effect was most pronounced for alphatocopherol added to the oil at a concentration of ppm addition of alphatocopherol delays the ON of oxidation in stored FO powders | MEDAL |
the authors report the clinical serological and neuroradiological results of a T0 about cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis in the teaching hospital of lome response to antitoxoplasmic treatment was rapidly favourable with all patients cerebral toxoplasmosis was the inaugural manifestation of aids in of the patients | MEDAL |
it is generally believed that tumor progression is associated with increased cancer cell heterogeneity poorer differentiation and increased malignant potential we tested this hypothesis by comparing a group of early and T3 GCs we retrieved from our files cases of early gastric carcinoma and another cases of AGC routine RT typing grading lauren and goseki classifications and staging was applied we have shown that the proportion of histological grades in early and AGC does not change significantly in addition more poorly differentiated carcinomas were present both in early and advanced gastric carcinoma groups this is in contrast with several other studies this fact together with overexpression of cdv isoform and fewer CA cells circulating in the blood of patients suffering from this type of gastric carcinoma might influence the adjuvant therapy strategy in summary in the present T0 we noticed a similar distribution of laurens and gosekis histological grades both in early and advanced gastric carcinoma | MEDAL |
the integrity of the RE may be important in OD of bronchial hyperreactivity however the mechanisms involved remain unknown this T0 was undertaken to determine if epithelium of rb intrapulmonary bronchi is capable of modulating the responsiveness of airway smooth muscle to a pharmacologic CS- and whether epithelialderived prostaglandins play a role in this modulatory CF mechanical removal of the epithelium from bronchial segments or incubation of intact bronchi with indomethacin an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis increased the sensitivity of bronchial smooth muscle to bethanechol cyclooxygenase was localized within mucosal epithelial cells of intact airways by avidinbiotin immunoperoxidase staining using a monoclonal antibody to the enzyme removal of the epithelium significantly reduced the levels of pge and PGI2 accumulated in the media surrounding bronchial explants in epitheliumintact bronchi precontracted with bethanechol AA acid evoked an indomethacinsensitive relaxation response comparable to relaxation induced by exogenous addition of pge although pge evoked similar responses in epitheliumdenuded bronchi AA acidinduced EC50 responses were negligible the results suggest epithelial cells of rabbit bronchi modulate the responsiveness to pharmacologic stimuli by production and release of an GABA cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid | MEDAL |
PEG in patients was compared with operative gastrostomy in patients in a prospective randomized fashion procedurerelated morbidity occurred in five patients in each group tube FF was initiated within hours in percent of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group and in percent of the operative gastrostomy group p less than there were no deaths in the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group but two patients in the operative gastrostomy group died within days of T0 p less than neither death appeared directly attributable to gastrostomy placement the cost for a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was less than that of an operative gastrostomy versus however if endoscopically placed tubes required replacement as was seen in six patients total PEG cost increased to definitive conclusions regarding the superiority of one technique over the other cannot be drawn from this data trends favoring the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy merit continued study | MEDAL |
gonadotropinreleasing hormone gnrh plays a vital role in the regulation of reproduction through interaction with a TPS receptor the gnrh receptor in this study the gnrh receptor gene from the cuttlefish sepiella japonica sjgnrhr was identified and characterized the cloned FL sjgnrhr cdna was bp long and contained a bp open reading frame encoding CAA residues bp of untranslated regions utr and bp of utr the putative protein was predicted to have a molecular weight of kda and an isoelectric point of in addition this protein was identified as belonging to the rhodopsintype class a g proteincoupled receptor family the predicted amino acid sequence contained two nlinked glycosylation sites and phosphorylation sites multiple sequence alignment phylogenetic tree analysis and threedimensional structure modeling were conducted to clarify sjgnrhr bioinformatics characteristics in vitro sjgnrhr expression was carried out using hek cells and the pegfpn plasmid to verify the transmembrane properties of this protein the interaction between the s japonica gnrh receptor and its ligand was clarified using internalization analysis sjgnrhr transcriptional quantification confirmed the wide CSD of sjgnrhr in various s japonica mature tissues in addition the transcriptional profile of sjgnrhr in the female BB and ovary during gonadal development was analyzed results indicate that gnrhr may be involved in diverse s japonica physiological functions especially in the control of reproduction | MEDAL |
twenty patients with poor prognosis bcell CLL one bcll underwent uniform highdose chemoradiotherapy followed by rescue with multiple monoclonal antibodypurged autologous bone marrow bm patients or tcelldepleted allogeneic bm from hlaidentical siblings patients in a pilot study to assess the feasibility of bm transplantation bmt in this disease all had poor prognosis disease by either staging bm DP RT Td criteria or cytogenetics all patients achieved remission criteria defined as or adenopathy absence of splenomegaly or of the intertrabecular space involved on bm biopsy before bmt despite the use of fludarabine a median of three treatment regimens were required to achieve bmt eligibility after bmt all patients achieved complete hematologic engraftment toxicities were not significantly different between autologous versus allogeneic bmt two toxic deaths were observed of evaluable patients clinical CR clinical remissions were observed with patients allogeneic and autologous exhibiting persistent bm disease complete clinical remissions were documented at the phenotypic and molecular level for the majority of patients in whom dual fluorescence for cd and cd of and ig gene rearrangements of were performed although LT followup is needed to assess any potential impact on the diseasefree and overall survival of these patients this T0 shows the feasibility of using highdose chemoradiotherapy and bmt in patients with poor prognosis bcll | MEDAL |
there has been a controversy in the oncology field about the use of antioxidants along with chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment this T0 aimed to investigate the effects of a potent antioxidant astaxanthin cotreatment with a promising anticancer drug carbendazim which is in phase i PCTs on mcf breast cancer cell proliferation mcf cells were treated with carbendazim astaxanthin or their combinations and incubated for h T3 the incubation each TG was evaluated for proliferation Tc progression and production of ROS species ros using wst FC and cmhdcfda respectively all tested carbendazim and astaxanthin combinations increased the antiproliferative effect of carb treatment CT and increased the gm phase cell cycle arrest compared to the dmsotreated control astaxanthin at all concentrations tested reduced the elevated intracellular ros levels induced by the MBC treatment our data suggest that astaxanthin and MBC cotreatment enhances the antiproliferative effect of MBC as a single agent while alleviating the carbendazim treatmentassociated ros production in mcf cells these findings may contribute to the current debate on the use of antioxidants along with anticancer drugs in CA chemotherapy | MEDAL |
we show that the electronic and atomic structures of silicon carbide nanotubes sicnts undergo dramatic changes with hydrogenation from firstprinciples calculations based on densityfunctional theory the exohydrogenation of a single c atom results in acceptor states close to the highest occupied valence band of pristine sicnt whereas donor states close to the lowest unoccupied conduction band appear as a si atom being hydrogenated upon fully hydrogenating si atoms and sicnts become metallic with very high density of states at the fermi level the full hydrogenation of c atoms on the other hand increases the band gap to ev for sicnt and decreases the band gap to ev for sicnt respectively the band gap of sicnts can also be greatly increased through the hydrogenation of all the atoms | MEDAL |
the effectiveness and tolerability of defibrotide in the prevention of postsurgery deep vein thrombosis dvt were compared with those of heparin in a multicentric randomized controlled study one hundredeightfour both sexes patients submitted to thoracic surgery were randomly allocated to defibrotide mg bid by iv route n or to calcium heparin iu tid sc n both treatments were started the day before the T0 and withdrawn when patients were allowed to stand up ie T3 days no patients developed dvt in the defibrotide group while SLEDAI rada and erythrocyte sedimentation rate esr pearson productmoment correlation was used for statistical evaluation a statistically significant positive rho was found between rada and both measures of ES stai r va r p less than utilizing a psychophysiological feedback loop MM it was hypothesized that emotional stress C2 and ra SLEDAI each served as a driving force and a consequence ie as ES C2 increased ra PS intensified and likewise as ra PS intensified ES C2 increased nursing interventions were identified which possibly would reduce ES C2 and thus perhaps decrease the incidence andor severity of ra disease activity | MEDAL |
annular pancreas is an uncommon congenital anomaly which usually presents itself in infants and P0 rarely it can present in late AD life with wide range of clinical severities thereby making its diagnosis difficult preoperative diagnosis is often difficult ct scan can illustrate the pancreatic tissue encircling the duodenum ercp and mrcp are useful in outlining the annular pancreatic duct surgery still remains necessary to confirm diagnosis and bypassing the obstructed segmentwe report a case of year female presenting with duodenal obstruction due to AP | MEDAL |
cylindrocladium leaf blight is one of the most severe diseases in eucalyptus plantations and nurseries there are eucalyptus cultivars with resistance to the disease however little is known about the defense mechanism of resistant cultivars here we investigated the transcriptome and proteome of eucalyptus leaves e urophyllaÃe tereticornis m infected or not with calonectria pseudoreteaudii a total of differentially expressed genes log ratio ⥠fdr ⤠at and hours postinoculation were detected using rnaseq transcriptional changes for five genes were further confirmed by qrtpcr a total of proteins at the two time points were identified using itraq techniquethe combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed that the shikimatephenylpropanoid pathway terpenoid biosynthesis signalling pathway jasmonic acid and sugar were activated the data also showed that some proteins wrky and pr proteins which have been reported to involve in plant defense response were upregulated however photosynthesis nucleic acid metabolism and protein metabolism were impaired by the infection of c pseudoreteaudii this work will facilitate the identification of defense related genes and provide insights into eucalyptus defense responses to cylindrocladium leaf blight | MEDAL |
thirteen cases of a previously undescribed parvoviral infection affecting puppies ranging in age from to days is described the cases were originally thought to represent an unusual pathologic manifestation of canine parvovirus cpv infection however failure to confirm cpv infection in any of the cases suggested a different parvovirus was involved MVC mvc was subsequently isolated from a case by using the walter reed canine cell L1 the only cell L1 which will support the growth of mvc the pathologic and virologic findings for these cases are described in this report | MEDAL |
high pressure processing hpp is a preservation technology alternative to heat treatment that is mild for food but effectively inactivates the spoilage microbiota and foodborne pathogens of several foods the purpose of the current T0 was to evaluate the effect of hpp on salmonella ser enteritidis indigenous microbiota and shelflife of chicken fillets chicken fillets were inoculated with s enteritidis at three different initial inocula log cfug packed under vacuum treated or not with hpp mpa min and stored at and °c total viable counts s enteritidis pseudomonads brochothrix thermosphacta lactic acid bacteria enterobacteriaceae and yeastsmolds populations were determined in parallel with sensory analysis of noninoculated samples the hpp resulted in the reduction of the pathogen population below the detection limit of the enumeration method log cfug irrespective of the inoculum dthe present study we used immunohistochemical techniques to assess changes in syn expression in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus in of guinea pigs exposed to tebc and pseudoconditioning additionally we analyzed the relationship between syn immunoreactivity and the percentage of traceconditioned responses guinea pigs underwent trace conditioning or pseudoconditioning following two six or ten sessions they were perfused and the cerebellum was removed for syn immunohistochemical evaluation after sessions and a significant increase in conditioned response cr percentage was observed in the traceconditioned group with the cr percentage reaching the learning criteria following session besides for traceconditioned animals the syn expression in in was found significantly upregulated after session compared with pseudoconditioned ones our data suggest that the increase in syn expression links to synaptic STDP changes in the cerebellar in and provides a histological substrate in the in relating to tebc training the changing trend of syn immunoreactivity in the in is associated with cr percentage | MEDAL |
we had encountered cases of laryngeal carcinoma associated with PA four of them were T3 laryngeal CA with PA induced by mechanical injury and one with postradiation laryngeal perichondritis abscess formation management included TL in patients partial laryngectomy in patient and resection of postradiation PA in one laryngeal abscesses are seen rarely today endeavour should be made to decrease such complication the authors had presented their experience in the management of laryngeal carcinoma associated with laryngeal PA together with a review of the PH and some of the current ideas about this problem | MEDAL |
a sticky trap with m surface area was modified by changes in attractant release rate vertical dispersion of the attractant and addition of a tree trunk silhouette to the trap axis as attractant release rate increased the number ofdendroctonus brevicomis caught at the source of attractant and at and m above ground on two vertical silhouettes m away increased in one experiment more beetles were caught at a dispersed source of attractant than at a point source fewer beetles were caught at the lower traps on the two outlying silhouettes when a silhouette was at the source than when no silhouette was at the source as attractant PR rate increased the catch of a predatortemnochila chlorodia increased at the source | MEDAL |
NK cytotoxic effector functions are regulated by a multitude of opposing signals provided by immunoglobulin and lectinlike functional molecules while inhibitory receptors possess immunoreceptor tyrosinebased inhibition motif itim cytoplasmic sequences recruiting tyrosine phosphatases activatory receptors require association with accesory ITAM itambearing molecules one considerable group of NK cytotoxic cell receptors are specific for CP and NC class i antigens and detect both qualitative and quantitative changes in the autologous mhci phenotype nonmhcispecific receptors provide signaling in the absence of mhci antigens or in response to not wellknown stressinduced antigens nk cell receptors may equally participate in the regulation of target cell functions through contact or souble mediatordependent mechanisms the ID of nk cell regulating molecules has led to the elucidation of more general principles underlying immune homeostasis | MEDAL |
DR dr remains an important cause of blindness in spain the prevalence of blindness in diabetic persons ranges from to and is higher than that in other countries between and the prevalence of dr in spain varies in the distinct studies but is approximately while that of proliferative dr is between and and that of macular edema is between and routine screening is effective in reducing the incidence of visual loss and blindness screening compliance is about in primary care and is over in specialized care although there is some evidence that the incidence of dr is decreasing in europe and the usa only a few studies have reported the same trend in spain screening of dr with nonmydriatic camera has been supported by several guidelines since this procedure shows the best CER and is easy to use | MEDAL |
several advantages of the IR nir technique in the characterization of the AA structure of regenerated bombyx mori SF are demonstrated SF films with thicknesses ranging from to microm are suitable for the nir measurement the bands due tnd report strategy are always of potential concern in the interpretation of results in the present study we examined behavioral and electrophysiological erp responses for children during two dl tasks two groups of children were evaluated one group was comprised of children who showed substantial ear differences on clinical measures of dl the other group showed no such deficits and served as AMC in one of the dl tasks participants monitored dichotic stimuli using the dividedattention unfocused mode in the other dl task a directedattention focused mode was employed both tasks involved simple samedifferent judgments for real words presented in a basic referenceprobe paradigm we purposefully sought an easy dl task in order to minimize the number of extraauditory AF influencing their performance for control purposes a diotic procedure involving the same stimuli was also included results showed that the amplitude of the elicited latepositive component lpc was smaller and prolonged in latency for the group of poor listeners as compared to the control group this finding occurred only when dichotic stimuli were presented in the dividedattention mode when participants directed their attention to a single side or when listening in a diotic mode the lpc for both CG was more similar group differences in the n component were apparent for both listening tasks results are discussed in relation to an inability of some children to inhibit processing of unattended auditory information implications for the clinical administration of dichotic listening tests are also discussed | MEDAL |
the ultrastructure of the VP epidermis is described in the aquatic and terrestrial phases of the newt triturus vittatus jenyns in both phases the stratum corneum is characterized by a C1 number of KCs and bundles of tonofilaments mitochondriarich flask cells were found in both phases the main difference was found in the abundant tuberculi on the surface and in the number of stratum corneum replacement layers found in the terrestrial phase the epidermis of the aquatic phase did not show any resemblance to the aquatic larval stage thus no leydig cells could be found | MEDAL |
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