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cattle are susceptible to exp infection with the stetsonville isolate of the TME tme agent to determine if they are susceptible to other tme isolates two CG of calves were inoculated intracerebrally with TH of mink BB containing the hayward isolate or the blackfoot isolate for comparison a third group was inoculated with a brain TH from a steer infected with the stetsonville isolate in its primary cattle passage and a fourth group was inoculated with a pool of brain TH from three cattle experimentally INF with a sheep and goat scrapie agent in its primary cattle passage clinical signs of neurological disease appeared in each steer of every group between and months T3 inoculation an encephalopathy characterized by severe spongiform NC and pronounced astrocytosis occurred in the three groups inoculated with the tme agent in contrast the neurohistological changes in the steers inoculated with the cattlepassaged scrapie agent were slight and subtle analysis of the octapeptide repeat region of the bovine proteaseresistant protein prp gene showed that variations in incubation period clinical signs and neurohistological changes were unrelated to the homozygous or heterozygous condition of six or sixfive octapeptide repeats | MEDAL |
the counterregulatory response to insulininduced hypoglycemia was investigated in IDDs idd with recurrent hypoglycemia and in healthy volunteers hypoglycemia was induced by a constant rate infusion of insulin uh up to four hours conventional insulin therapy was changed to an iv infusion of regular insulin hours prior to the experiment the presence of DAN was evaluated by RSA and VM in HS blood glucose was decreased to mmol here reaching steady state level and giving riseher than that of SU phosphorylase influences the rate of pullulan synthesis | MEDAL |
this study investigates the effect of modifying the design of a dry powder inhaler on the device performance and which design features significantly contribute to overall inhaler performance computational fluid dynamics cfd analysis was performed to determine how the flowfield generated in an aerolizer at l min varied when the inhaler grid and mouthpiece were modified the computational models were validated by laser doppler velocimetry ldv dispersion performance of the modified inhalers was measured with a mannitol powder using a multistage liquid impinger at l min the inhaler grid was found to significantly affect the performance of the aerolizer as the grid voidage was increased the amount of powder retained in the device doubled due to increased tangential flow of particles in the inhaler mouthpiece and the fpfloaded was reduced from to due to increased mouthpiece PR the length of the mouthpiece played a lesser role on the inhaler performance having no significant effect on the flowfield generated in the devices in summary the performance of a dry powder inhaler can be affected by simple design changes cfd coupled with experimental results provides a rational basis for understanding the performance difference | MEDAL |
simple CS and reliable highperformance liquid chromatographic methods are reported for the determination of pindolol enantiomers in human serum and urine the methods involved a SPE of serum and a direct i.t. of urine samples the separation of r and spindolol was accomplished on a RP cellulosebased chiral column with a mobile phase of vv acetonitrile m AQ sodium perchlorate at a flowrate of mlmin the detection was achieved by monitoring the fluorescence emission of pindolol enantiomers at nm with excitation at nm the limits of detection were ngml of r and ngml of spindolol in SS and ngml of r and ngml of spindolol in urine the ement of bph may both improve the standard of care provided in this area by FPs and allow hard pressed urologists to focus greater attention on those patients whose conditions require surgical expertise to resolve | MEDAL |
prostaglandin e improves hemodynamics in patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension through its reducing action on pulmonary resistances however few data are available to indicate whether these beneficial effects on RA HR hemodynamics translate into any improvement of the altered left VVI filling DP that characterizes this condition we studied patients with dilated cardiomyopathy during preoperative DUE for cardiac transplantation before and T3 prostaglandin e ngkgmin iv patients underwent catheterization of the right heart and LV by swanganz catheter giving simultaneous assessment of pressure by micromanometer and of volume derived from 2DE echoguided doppler mitral flow velocity where volume equals mitral velocity integral x valvular area prostaglandin e induced a significant reduction in mean pulmonary from to mm hg p and aortic from to mm hg p pressures but no NC in heart rate or tau peak a wave increased from to cms p along with a reduction in enddiastolic pressure from to mm hg p whereas peak e wave did not change ea ratio decreased slightly from to p but did not reverse systolic volumes decreased from to ml p and cardiac index increased from to lminm p because of a reduction in pulmonary and systemic V1 resistances the diastolic pressurevolume relation shifted downward along the same curve prostaglandin e infusion in patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension reduces pulmonary and systemic resistances without affecting heart rate EC50 or passive diastolic left ventricular properties systolic RA and left ventricular unloading increases cardiac index facilitating VVI emptying ea ratio does not reverse although it decreases slightly with mechanisms however that appear independent of any direct effect of the drug on the ventricular diastolic properties | MEDAL |
ab initio calculations using the g ccpvdz and valence doublezeta pseudopotential dzp basis sets with mp qcisd ccsdt and without uhf the inclusion of electron rho and density functional bhandhlyp blyp calculations predict that homolytic substitution reactions of acetyl radicals at the silicon atoms in disilane can proceed via both backside and frontside attack mechanisms at the highest level of theory ccsdtccpvdzmpccpvdz SE barriers deltae double dagger of and kj mol are calculated for the backside and frontside reactions respectively similar results are obtained for reactions involving Ge and tin with SE barriers deltae double dagger of and kj mol for the backside and frontside mechanisms respectively these data suggest that both homolytic substitution mechanisms are feasible for homolytic substitution reactions of acetyl radicals at silicon germanium and tin bhandhlyp calculations provide geometries and SE barriers for backside and frontside transition states in good PA with those obtained by traditional ab initio techniques | MEDAL |
t cellderived S9 sn that contain b cellstimulatory factor bsf and lack il promote the growth of the ildependent t cell line ht as well as three other clones or lines of TA that can provide help to b cells the bsf purified from these sns promoteantigens to CD4+ IFN is a likely modulator of mhc class ii expression in the thyroid but other signals like thyroidstimulating hormone seem to influence its action by contrast it appears that lymphokines are not involved in inducing the inappropriate mhc class ii expression observed in situ in the pancreatic beta cells of diabetics these data suggest that regulation of mhc class ii expression is different in thyroid follicular cells from pancreatic beta cells and that similar differences may be found in other cell types involved in autoimmune disease thus reinforcing the concept of heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of organspecific autoimmune disorders | MEDAL |
in spiking neural networks the information is conveyed by the spike times that depend on the intrinsic dynamics of each neuron the input they receive and on the connections between SN in this article we T0 the markovian nature of the sequence of spike times in stochastic neural networks and in particular the ability to deduce from a spike train the next spike time and therefore produce a description of the network activity only based on the spike times regardless of the membrane potential process to T0 this question in a rigorous manner we introduce and study an eventbased description of networks of noisy IF neurons ie that is based on the computation of the spike times we show that the firing times of the SN in the networks constitute a markov chain whose transition probability is related to the probability distribution of the interspike interval of the neurons in the network in the cases where the markovian MM can be developed the transition probability is explicitly derived in such CP cases of neural networks as the linear integrateandfire neuron models with excitatory and inhibitory interactions for different types of synapses possibly featuring noisy synaptic integration transmission delays and absolute and relative refractory period this covers most of the cases that have been investigated in the eventbased description of spiking deterministic neural networks | MEDAL |
many injury prevention interventions require changes in human SMB to reduce selfrisk or risk to others promising injury prevention interventions may be discarded if they lack power to create a significant difference in outcomes when judging their ability to move a person from nonaction or negative action to positive action safety the transtheoretical model of change tmc allows greater sensitivity in detecting along the change process where an MI may be effective the stages of NC consist of precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance and termination change is not viewed as an all or none phenomenon | MEDAL |
various tetrayne systems were converted under dual goldcatalyzed conditions for symmetric tetraalkynylsubstituted thiophenes bearing two alkylsubstituted alkynes ankgday of nbutp with VH peanut oil body and organ weights nbutp excretion PSA parameters sperm and spermatid count sperm motility viability maturity and morphology were examined results showed that T3 a completed spermatogenic cycle although nbutp did not induce doserelated changes in the different PSA parameters a significant decrease of triacylglicerides tag due to the vehiclewas found furthermore no effects of nbutp on body WG and relative organ weight changes were noted regarding sexual organs prostate RW was significantly increased at the high dose of nbutp on the other hand a significant increase of abnormal sperm morphology due to nbutp SE accompanied by different alterations in sexual organs histopathology was found the current results indicate that subcutaneous SE of nbutp in young male rats induced toxic effects on the reproductive system which could affect the capacity of fertilization of animals | MEDAL |
nmethylpyrrolidone nmp is known for its multisolvent properties however its biological especially immunological significance still remains to be elucidated in this T0 we show for the first time that nmp stimulates the skin immune system by activating ELC lcs in contrast with the placebo tape when the nmpcontaining adhesive tape was applied on mu skin lcs were stimulated immediately G1 lcs not only exhibited enhanced expression of H-2 complex class ii and morphological changes including the loss of dendrites but also migrated effectively to draining CL nodes in addition application of the tyrosinerelated protein peptide which is the cytotoxic t lymphocyte ctl epitope against b melanoma in combination with the nmp tape resulted in explosive expansion of TPS ctls in mouse spleens taken together these results demonstrate a novel role of nmp as an adjuvant in percutaneous peptide immunization | MEDAL |
lung CA is the number one cause of cancerrelated deaths in humans worldwide environmental AF play an important role in the epidemiology of these cancers rodents are the most common experimental MM to T0 human lung cancers and are frequently used in bioassays to identify environmental exposure hazards associated with lung cancer lung PT in rodents are common particularly in certain strains of mice rodent lung PT are predominantly bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and usually follow a progressive continuum of hyperplasia to adenoma to carcinoma human lung cancers are phenotypically more diverse and broadly constitute types small cell lung cancers and nonsmall cell lung cancers nsclcs rodent lung tumors resulting from exposure to environmental agents are comparable with certain adenocarcinomas that are a subset of human nsclcs human pulmonary carcinomas differ from rodent lung tumors by exhibiting greater morphologic heterogeneity encompassing squamous cell NE mucinous sarcomatoid and multiple cell combinations higher M1 rate higher stromal response aggressive clinical behavior and lack of a clear continuum of proliferative lesions in spite of these differences rodent lung PT recapitulate several fundamental aspects of human lung RT biology at the morphologic and molecular level especially in lung cancers resulting from exposure to environmental carcinogens | MEDAL |
the nonfluorescent pseudomonads pseudomonas corrugata pcor and p mediterranea pmed are closely related species that cause pith necrosis a disease of tomato that causes severe crop losses however they also show strong antagonistic effects against economically important pathogens demonstrating their potential for utilization as biological control agents in addition their metabolic versatility makes them attractive for the production of commercial biomolecules and bioremediation an extensive comparative genomics study is required to dissect the mechanisms that pcor and pmed employ to cause disease prevent disease caused by other pathogens and to mine their genomes for genes that encode proteins involved in commercially important chemical pathways here we present the draft genomes of nine pcor and pmed strains from different geographical locations this analysis covered significant genetic heterogeneity and allowed indepth genomic comparison all examined strains were able to trigger symptoms in tomato plants but not all induced a hypersensitivelike response in nicotiana benthamiana genomemining revealed the absence of type iii secretion system and known type iii effectorencoding genes from all examined pcor and pmed strains the lack of a TTS system appears to be unique among the plant pathogenic pseudomonads several gene clusters coding for type vi secretion system were detected in all genomes genomemining also revealed the presence of gene clusters for biosynthesis of siderophores polyketides nonribosomal MMP and hydrogen cyanide a highly conserved quorum sensing system was detected in all strains although species TPS differences were observed our study provides the basis for indepth investigations regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence strategies in the battle between plants and microbes | MEDAL |
addition of basic FB growth factor bfgf to a rat MG myoepithelial cell line g resulted in a six to eightfold increase in cellular and secreted urokinasetype plasminogen activator upa activity after a lag phase of h bfgf had no effect on the upa activity of mammary epithelial cells bfgf was AS on ME cells over a narrow concentration range ngml the bfgfinduced increase in upa activity was inhibited in a dosedependent manner by hydrocortisone and transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta hydrocortisone also inhibited the basal secretion of upa as did interleukinbeta and PMA acetate both of which increase upa C2 in other cell systems the effects of bfgf could also be inhibited by AF which bind bfgf eg heparin and methylamine amacroglobulin tgfbeta but not bfgf induced the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor in the myoepithelial cell L1 MG myoepithelial cells contribute to the synthesis of and are located next to the basement membrane myoepithelialderived upa is probably associated with basement membrane turnover the MG basement membrane undergoes many cycles of remodeling and multiple mechanisms may be required to regulate upa activity | MEDAL |
opioids have been thought to induce analgesia by activating the descending pain control system especially at the level of periaqueductal gray and regulate the neurotransmitter release through the inhibition of calcium channel in the present T0 the modulatory effects of protein kinase c and protein kinase a on the muopioid agonistinduced inhibition of the highvoltage G1 calcium current were examined in the acutely dissociated rat periaqueductal gray neurons with the nystatinperforated patchclamp technique among neurons tested the barium current passing through the highvoltage activated calcium channels of SN were inhibited by with the application of an muopioid agonist dalanmepheglyolenkephalin damgo microm the barium currents itself and the damgoinduced GABA effects were not affected by the application of either an adenylate cyclase activator forskolin microm or a protein kinase inhibitor staurosporin nm for min the damgo inhibition was CR and irreversibly antagonized by the application of a protein kinase c activator phorbolmyristateacetate pma microm for min without any alteration of the barium current itself however the antagonizing effect of pma was completely abolished by the application of nm staurosporin for min T3 then pma did not show the antagonizing effect any more inversely when staurosporin was applied before pma the antagonizing effect of pma was also not shown these results demonstrate that the muopioid agonistinduced inhibition of the periaqueductal gray neuronal highvoltage activated calcium current can be antagonized by protein kinase c activation this finding may provide us a significant clue to understand the action mechanism of opioidinduced analgesia in the periaqueductal gray | MEDAL |
objective to determine the accuracy of a pointofcare lung ultrasonography lus protocol designed to diagnose cardiogenic pulmonary edema cpe in dyspneic dogs and cats design diagnostic test evaluation animals dogs and cats evaluated for dyspnea procedures dogs and cats were evaluated by lus b lines were counted at anatomic sites on each hemithorax a site was scored as positive when b lines were identified animals with ⥠positive CS identified on each hemithorax were considered positive for cpe medical records were evaluated to obtain a final diagnosis reference standard for calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of lus and thoracic radiography for the diagnosis of cpe results dogs and cats with a final diagnosis of cpe had a higher number of positive lus sites than did those with noncardiac causes of dyspnea overall sensitivity and specificity of lus for the diagnosis of cpe were and respectively and these values were similar to those of thoracic radiography and respectively use of lus generally led to the misdiagnosis of cpe ie a falsepositive result in animals with diffuse interstitial or AM disease interobserver agreement on lus results was high κ conclusions and clinical relevance lus was useful for predicting cpe as the cause of dyspnea in dogs and cats although this technique could not be used to differentiate cpe from other causes of diffuse interstitial or alveolar disease pointofcare lus has promise as a diagnostic tool for dyspneic dogs and cats | MEDAL |
adenylate cyclase activity in purified plasma CM from rat fat cells displays transient kinetic characteristics in the absence and presence of guanylyl imidodiphosphate gppnhp gppnhp causes immediate inhibition of enzyme activity the inhibitory phase is followed by a slow increase in activity which depending on incubation temperature exceeds activity stimulated in the presence of hormones glucagon secretin epinephrine or adrenocorticotropin basal activity displays an initial high rate of activity which decays to a low state of activity within min of incubation hormones do not alter the initial rate but prevent the decay in CEA the inhibitory phase of gppnhp action and the previously reported harwood jp low h and rodbell m j biol chem GABA effects of gtp are abolished by increasing mg and ph to mm and respectively under these conditions gppnhp and gtp cause marked stimulation of activity the stimulatory effect of gppnhp being greater than that of gtp both in the absence and presence of hormones | MEDAL |
obesity and diabetes mellitus are great public health concerns throughout the world because of their increasing incidence and prevalence OB the adipocyte hormone is well known for its role in the regulation of FI and SE expenditure in addition to the regulation of appetite and satiety that recently has attracted much attentions insight has also been gained into the critical role of OB in the control of the insulinglucose axis IP glucose and insulin responsiveness since the discovery of leptin OB has been taken for its therapeutic potential to obesity and diabetes recently the therapeutic effects of CE leptin gene therapy have been reported in insulindeficient diabetes in obesity animal models such as obob mise dietinduced obese mice and insulindeficient type diabetes mice and also in patients with inactivating mutations in the LEP herein we review the role of leptin in regulating feeding SMB and gl metabolism and also the therapeutic potential of OB in obesity and diabetes mellitus | MEDAL |
the DP of altered mRNA due to epigenetic NC is of major importance in malignancies aberrant dna methylation is one of the many potential causes for this and is considered to be an early event in the etiology of breast carcinogenesis the present study assessed the methylation status of three genes relevant in breast CA bc the breast cancer susceptibility gene brca beta OH steroid dehydrogenase type hsdb and type hsdb RE based methylation TPS pcr rems pcr was carried out in RT samples from sporadic bc patients and samples of adjacent normal breast tissue the percentage of RT samples showing brca hsdb and hsdb methylation was and respectively methylation was higher in PT when compared to adjacent normal breast tissue samples this suggests that methylation of these three genes plays an important role in bc etiology methylation is responsible for gene silencing and since brca and hsdb were not found to be methylated in the same tissue samples this suggests that the etiology of of the tumors could be accounted for by the independent epigenetic silencing of these two genes brca and hsdb genes may increase the risk of developing bc via enhanced estradiol activity it is for the first time that the role of hsdb gene methylation in bc pathophysiology is being proposed | MEDAL |
the presence of bacteriuria and pyuria on UA immediately before renal transplantation has resulted in cancellation of surgery because of concern about posttransplant wound infection of renal transplant recipients reviewed per cent had or more white blood cells per high power field with bacteria in either a voided urine or bladder washout specimen obtained just before grafting of those patients suffered postoperative wound infections of patients per cent with less than white blood cells or no bacteria on a preoperative specimen suffered a wound infection p not significant by fishers exact test preoperative urine cultures and operative bladder cultures of all patients failed to yield the organisms found later in the wound infections the AF of sex IDD delayed VG function living related versus cadaver donor and pretransplant splenectomy had no significant relationship to wound infection rates renal transplantation can be performed safely in patients who have pyuria and bacteriuria but no signs or symptoms of infection | MEDAL |
the effects of graded doses of nitroprusside on regional myocardial blood flow were studied in awake acutely hypertensive dogs with AIM acute systemic hypertension was produced by infusing a mixture of norepinephrine and epinephrine for minutes T3 CAO the increase in aortic pressure produced by catecholamine infusion was accompanied by increases in HR rate left VVI lv enddiastolic pressure first derivative of PLV dpdt dpdt at an lv developed pressure of mm hg dpdtp and pressurerate product but TPR V1 resistance did not change significantly two graded doses of nitroprusside were then infused each for minutes beginning T2 T3 the ON of CAO the smaller dose of nitroprusside returned aortic pressure to control levels and significantly reduced total IP V1 resistance and lv enddiastolic pressure but did not affect cardiac SO heart rate lv dpdt dpdtp and pressurerate product regional blood flow increased to both the ischemic and normal myocardium the larger dose of nitroprusside further reduced aortic pressure and TPR V1 resistance and lv EDV pressure and significantly increased HR rate and cardiac output however lv dpdt dpdtp and pressurerate product remained unchanged regional blood flow to normal myocardium increased but the increase in ischemic Endo blood flow produced by the smaller dose of nitroprusside was no longer significant when the larger dose was administered these changes were not produced by administration of normal saline solutionabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
benzeneinduced erythropoietic depression has been proposed to be due to the production of toxic metabolites presently the cytotoxicities of benzene metabolites including phenol catechol hydroquinone and benzenetriol to erythroid progenitorlike k cells were investigated T3 SE to these metabolites k cells showed significant inhibition of viability and apoptotic characteristics each metabolite caused a significant increase in activities of ICE and and i.c.v. with caspase and inhibitors significantly inhibited BZ metabolitesinduced phosphatidylserine SE these metabolites also elevated expression of fas and fasl on the cell surface T3 exposure to benzene metabolites k cells showed an increase in reactive oxygen species level and i.c.v. with nacetyllcysteine significantly protected against the cytotoxicity of each metabolite interestingly the control k cells and the phenolexposed cells aggregated together but the cells exposed to other metabolites were scattered further analysis showed that hydroquione catechol and benzenetriol induced a decrease in the cell surface sialic acid C2 and an increase in the cell surface sialidase activity but phenol did not cause any changes in sialic acid C2 and sialidase activity consistently an increase in expression level of sialidase neu mrna and a decrease in mrna level of ST stgal gene were detected in hydroquione catechol or benzenetrioltreated cells but no change in mrna C2 of two genes were found in phenoltreated cells in conclusion these BZ metabolites could induce apoptosis of k cells mainly through caspasedependent pathway and ros production and sialic acid metabolism might play a role in the AI process | MEDAL |
harmonic imaging has brought about significant improvements in image SQ by taking advantage of the second harmonic component but it still has one shortcoming namely a low signaltonoise ratio in this paper a pulseinversion technique is used in second harmonic imaging for biologic tissues to increase the SNR ratio enhancement of the second harmonic component is theoretically analyzed based on the theory of the finite amplitude sound wave and confirmed by the measurement SHI for biologic tissues is constructed with the pulseinversion technique and compared with the traditional fundamental frequency and also with second HI before the use of this technique results demonstrate that this technique yields a dramatically cleaner and sharper contrast between the different structures of biologic tissues in ultrasonic images | MEDAL |
an understanding of virus disassembly requires a detailed understanding of the proteinprotein and proteinnucleic acid interactions which stabilize the virion we have characterized a mutant of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus cprc coat protein rc that displays increased virion stability and is abnormal in virion disassembly when purified under nonreducing conditions reduced virions are infectious whereas nonreduced virions are noninfectious the cprc mutant virions purified under nonreducing conditions resist disassembly in m cacl ph the nonreduced cprc mutant virions swell in neutral ph conditions ph but do not disassociate when the ionic strength is increased in contrast wildtype virions or cprc mutant virions isolated under reducing conditions completely disassociate into the rna and capsid protein components at ph and high ionic strength i sequence analysis of the cprc mutant identified a single c to u nucleotide change at position of rna position of rna which results in a Arg to cysteine NC at position of the coat protein the cprc mutant provides an ideal chemical switch for examining virion assembly and disassembly | MEDAL |
early PCD of recurrent HBL is not always possible with CI methods such as computed tomography ct and magnetic resonance imaging mri this article describes three cases of recurrent hepatoblastoma in which positron emission tomography pet using ffluorodeoxyglucose fdgpet was used to locate the site of recurrence in the first two patients fdgpet accurately located recurrent disease where it was not detected by CI modalities including ct and mri in the third patient fdgpet imaging also located the recurrent disease in an mriidentified adrenal metastasis the technique of coregistration using pet with ct and mri scans was used in the cases described this improves the anatomical localization of metabolically active CS and was particularly useful for determining the surgical RPA the difficulties of conventional imaging in locating early tumor recurrence or M1 disease in hepatoblastlease activates the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system and that through this circuitry FS AS triggers relapse to drug seeking in cocaineexperienced animals thus a longlasting cocaineinduced neuroadaptation presumably at the level of glutamate terminals in the vta appears to play an important role in stressinduced relapse to drug use similar neuroadaptations may be important for the comorbidity between addiction and other stressrelated psychiatric disorders | MEDAL |
this synopsis reviews recent developments in dermatological phototherapy uva phototherapy nm is ERP in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as acutely exacerbated AD localized scleroderma UP and disseminated granuloma annulare narrowband uvb radiation nm is used successfully as monotherapy or combined with dithranol oral retinoids or mop in psoriasis AD ad or photosensitivity disorders such as polymorphic light eruption bath water delivery of methoxypsoralen and subsequent uvairradiation puva bath therapy for the treatment of psoriasis as well as for MF localized scleroderma UP or lichen planus is an effective alternative to its systemic application the combination of salt water brine baths in different concentrations and subsequent uvab irradiation is used increasingly for the treatment of PS or ad extracorporeal photopheresis ecp has proven to be a very effective treatment modality for cutaneous t cell lymphoma chronic graftversushost disease and certain autoimmune diseases such as systemic scleroderma or pemphigus however despite the documented benefits of these new treatment modalities little data exist as of yet on potential longterm side effects thus the indications for these therapies should be considered carefully and patients should be followed up at regular intervals | MEDAL |
different green synthesis of alkyl esters of ACV ACV prodrugs is described hexanoic decanoic dodecanoic and tetradecanoic ACV esters were synthesized reacting ACV and the respective acid anhydride in dimethyl sulfoxide dmso in solvents from renewable sources and without solvent t °c yields in prodrugs T3 min of reaction were using dmso as solvent the purification methodology was very simple shorter and greener than previously described the biosolvent nndimethylamide of decanoic acid let us to obtain yield at h this oily biosolvent is not dermotoxic and the reaction crude can directly be used in topic formulations syntheses without solvent proceeded successfully for acyclovir esters indeed dodecanoate and tetradecanoate yielding conversion of reactants in min in spite of requiring mild temperature °c substrate molar ratios were lowered to thus conducing to a more efficient use of raw materials the synthetic procedures were scaled up to a g batch yield isolated ester these esters can be used as acyclovir prodrugs in topic formulations the esters release from an oilwater microemulsion and a hydrogel formulation were tested with good results | MEDAL |
acute causes and chronic risk AF for the OD of ARF were analyzed in prospective acquired data of patients in a medical icu the population was divided into a group requiring dialysis treatment for established renal failure n and a collective maintaining mild RI n bivariate and linear discriminant analyses revealed that above all variables related to bacterial infections sepsis and administration of antibiotic agents and pancreatitis contributed to the discrimination followed by bleeding volume depletion and chronic CL disease in the DF bivariate analysis also yielded significant results for mechanical ventilation cns depression and surgery the importance of the nephrotoxic properties of AGs may be outweighed by their role as an indicator of severe infectious disease the overall correct classification rate of the DF was which reflects the importance of the predictor variables but does not allow individual predictions | MEDAL |
we recently constructed the scfvdisplaying phage library with extremely high repertoire and have successfully utilized for screening scfv antibodies against various proteins PSs and glycolipids here we developed a new screening strategy to isolate scfv antibodies against cell surface egf receptor egfr for this we applied two slightly different methods of targetguided proximity labeling such as proximity selection proximol method and a new sulfosbed labeling method with the aide of monoclonal antihuman egfr antibody bg as a guide molecule proximol method relies on the biotinlabeling of scfvdisplaying phages that bound to the target in a vicinity of å from the guide molecule whereas sulfosbed method transfers biotin to scfvdisplaying phages which bound to the target in a distance of å after two rounds of panning on the egfroverexpressing a cells starting from approx à ¹² pfu each of biotinlabeled scfvdisplaying phages were recovered using streptoavidincoated magnetic beads and among them total scfvphages were found to be definitely positive for IB to a cell surface by elisa assay restriction mapping and sequencing analysis of these scfvphage dnas revealed that they encode different scfvnucleotide sequences in total immunofluorescent microscopy provided evidence that these scfv antibodies bind specifically to egfr on the a cells showing slightly different staining patterns thus targetguided proximity labeling methods were powerful for isolating scfvdisplaying phages that recognize distinct extracellular domains of the target receptor this novel screening strategy could be applicable to many other cell surface antigens and receptors | MEDAL |
VE growth factor c vegfc is the only factor known to cause lymphangiogenesis we studied the rho between vegfc and VEGFR vegfr expression of primary gastric cancers by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction rtpcr and immunohistochemistry and the results were correlated with the number of lymphatic vessels stained with antivegfr antibody rtpcr and immunohistology demonstrated that vegfc was mainly produced from cancer cells but not from stromal elements morphologically vegfr expression was detected in the endothelial cells of the stromal lymphatic vessels there was a statistically positive correlation between the incidence of vegfc and vegfr mrna expression in the primary tumours p the number of vegfrpositive lymphatic vessels in vegfc mrna positive tumours was significantly larger than that in vegfcnegative tumours the number of vegfrpositive vessels in the tumour stroma was closely related to the grade of lymphatic invasion of GC these results strongly indicate that vegfc may induce the proliferation of lymphatic vessels in the stroma of primary GC via activation of vegfr expressed on the EC cells of lymphatic vessels in these circumstances cancer cells can easily invade the lymphatic vessel because of the increase of the contact points of cancer cells with the lymphatic vessels | MEDAL |
presentation of the nephrology quiz and questionnaire has become an annual tradition at the meetings of the american society of nephrology it is a very popular session as judged by consistently C1 attendance members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of caseoriented questions prepared and discussed by experts they can also compare their answers in real time using audience response devices to those of program directors of nephrology training programs in the united states acquired through an internetbased questionnaire topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders transplantation and esrd and dialysis cases representing each of these categories along with singlebestanswer questions were prepared by a panel of experts drs palmer fervenza brennan and mehrotra respectively the correct and incorrect answers were briefly discussed T3 the audience responses and the results of the questionnaire were displayed this article recapitulates the session and reproduces its educational value for a larger audiencethat of the readers of the clinical journal of the american society of nephrology have fun | MEDAL |
waterlogging decreases a plants metabolism stomatal conductance gs and photosynthetic rate a however some evergreen species show acclimation to waterlogging by studying both the physiological and morphological responses to waterlogging the objective of this T0 was to assess the acclimation capacity of four swamp forest species that reside in different microhabitats we proposed that species luma apiculata dc burret and drimys winteri jr et g forster abundant in seasonally and intermittently waterlogged Az siwa would have a higher acclimation capacity than species abundant in the inner swamp blepharocalyx cruckshanksii h et a mied and myrceugenia exsucca dc berg where permanent waterlogging occurs pwa it was expected that the species from siwa would maintain leaf expansion and gas exchange rates during intermittent waterlogging treatments conversely we expected that pwa species would have higher constitutive waterlogging tolerance and this would be reflected in the formation of lenticels and adventitious roots over the course of months we subjected seedlings to different waterlogging treatments i permanent sudden sw ii intermittent gradual or iii control field capacity c survival after waterlogging was high ⥠for all species and treatments and only the growth rate of d winteri subjected to sw was affected drimys winteri plants had low but constant a and g during both waterlogging treatments conversely l apiculata had the highest a and g values and g increased significantly during the first several days of waterlogging in general seedlings of all species subjected to waterlogging produced more adventitious roots and fully expanded leaves and had higher specific leaf area sla and stomatal density std than seedlings in the c treatment from the results gathered here we partially accept our hypothesis as all species showed high tolerance to waterlogging maintained growth and had increased a or g during different time points of waterlogging differences in leaf sla and stomata functioning gs std plasticity likely allows plants to maintain positive carbon gains when waterlogging occurs the speciesspecific differences found here were not entirely related to microhabitat distribution | MEDAL |
the authors assess potentialities of US scanning of the brain neurosonography in the diagnosis of infectious BB injuries the data obtained have demonstrated a high information content of the method in recognition of purulent meningitis complications and advisability ofdefects were MZ and consisted of a cg to tg transition not only do these results confirm the growthpromoting activity of this receptor but they also suggest that cpg doublets may represent hot spots for mutations in the growth hormone receptor gene that are responsible for hereditary dwarfism | MEDAL |
band ligation and propranolol are the current therapies for primary prevention of variceal one carvedilol is a rising nonselective betablocker used for reducing portal pressure with favorable outcome the aim of this study to assess the efficacy of carvedilol propranolol and band ligation for primary prevention of variceal bleeding based on the effect of each regimen on progression of child score and portal hypertensive gastropathy after year | MEDAL |
the insula has been identified as a key region involved in interoceptive awareness whilst imaging studies have investigated the IEMG patterns in this region involved in intero and exteroceptive awareness the underlying biochemical mechanisms still remain unclear in order to investigate these a wellestablished fmri task targeting interoceptive awareness heartbeat counting and exteroceptive awareness tone counting was combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy mrs controlling for physiological noise neural activity in the insula during intero and exteroceptive awareness was confirmed in an independent data sample using the same fmri design focussing on mrs values from the left insula and combining them with neural activity during intero and exteroceptive awareness in the same HI we demonstrated that gaba concentration in a region highly involved in interoceptive processing is correlated with neural responses to interoceptive stimuli as opposed to exteroceptive stimuli in addition both gaba and interoceptive signal changes in the insula predicted the degree of depressed affect as measured by the beck hopelessness scale on the one hand the association between gaba concentration and neural activity during interoceptive awareness provides novel insight into the PSA underpinnings of insula function and interoception on the other through the additional association of both gaba and neural activity during interoception with depressed affect these data also bear potentially important implications for psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety where gabaergic defn has been given as to how the spectroscopic data from the different channels are combined in many cases it is simply coadded with detrimental effect on the signal to noise ratio in this T0 we derive the optimum method for combining multicoil data namely weighting with the ratio of signal to the square of the noise we show that provided that the noise is uncorrelated this is the theoretical optimal combination the method is demonstrated for in vivo proton mrs data acquired using a channel receive coil at t in four different brain Az left motor and right motor OC and MFC | MEDAL |
cystic echinococcosis ce caused by the larval form of echinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem in sheepraising regions of the world this study compared portable ultrasound with the EITB eitb assay as screening methods to estimate the prevalence of human ce in a remote village in the peruvian andes three hundred eightynine villagers were examined by portable ultrasound and blood samples were drawn by venipuncture sera were collected and tested for antibodies agaitoughness ft using three different dentin surface treatments prior to rmgic placement fuji ii lc gc america was bonded to dentin using cavity NRC cc scotchbond multipurpose m espe complete system ss or scotchbond etching and priming without adhesive sp twentyfour teeth were used for each of the three CG | MEDAL |
isoniazid efficient antituberculosis drug can provoke NP manifestations at certain patients two mechanisms of action for isoniazidrelated psychosis are kept by the majority of authors pyridoxin deficiency isoniazid toxicity molecule near chemically to iproniazid powerful imao MA oxydase inhibitor the predisposing AF are slow acetylator diabetes hepatic insufficiency old age ALC family and personal history of mental illness are also predisposing AF we report here the observation of a yearold man presented with psychotic symptoms suspected to be relation with INH the favorable evolution after the definitive stop of isoniazid therapy is in favor of this hypothesis although rare the neuropsychiatric symptoms during tuberculosis treatment by INH the possibility of iatrogenic etiology must be evoked isoniazid antituberculosis very used in africa is mentioned by several authors like the cause of psychiatric disorders pyridoxin deficiency seems to play a role of trigger supplementation with vitamin b during the treatment by isoniazid must be therefore systematic to warm these unrests | MEDAL |
in previous studies we showed that cultured human KCs expressed the kd tnf receptor tnfr and that its expression the important for tnf alphamediated upregulation of ICAM-1 icam expression on KCs because AF that either reduce or enhance tnfr expression are likely to have a major impact on the biological effects of tnf alpha on keratinocytes these studies were conducted to determine the AF that regulate its expression on keratinocytes using reverse transcriptase PCR reaction human keratinocytes were shown to lack kd tnfr expression indicating that tnf responsiveness of human KCs critically depended on regulation of kd tnfr expression human KC kd tnfr surface and mrna expression was found to be regulated in vitro by recombinant human rh tnf alpha stimulation of keratinocytes with rhtnf alpha initially decreased but later increased kd tnfr surface expression this biphasic modulation of kd tnfr surface expression was associated with concomitant changes in kd tnfr mrna expression ultraviolet b uvb radiation a wellknown inducer of synthesis and secretion of tnf alpha by human KCs was found to mimic tnf alphainduced modulation of kd tnfr surface and mrna expression via a tnf alphamediated autocrine regulatory mechanism production of soluble kd tnfr by human KCs remained unaffected by tnf alpha stimulation or uvb irradiation these studies provide clear evidence that membrane expression of the human kd tnfr may be regulated in human keratinocytes by the ligand itself tnf alpha since in previous studies uvb irradiation transiently inhibited tnf alphainduced human KC icam expression it is proposed that uvb radiationinduced biphasic modulation of human KC kd tnfr expression may affect the capacity of these cells to respond to tnf alpha | MEDAL |
the behaviour of antialbumin antibodies aaa was tested by immunodiffusion in patients suffering from acute VH aaa were found in more than of the cases and in only of the control lot the aaa titer was higher the more severe was the clinical form of the disease as the aaa titer appears to be a marker of functional alterations of the hepatocyte the test might be used to check the recovery of convalescents after acute viral hepatitis | MEDAL |
a prerequisite to the technical success of chronic peritoneal dialysis is a SF-36 peritoneal catheter the option of using tenckhoff catheters with single or double dacron cuffs has been available for almost decades but still there is no consensus as to which is the preferable type | MEDAL |
controlled PR cr matrix tablets of naproxen sodium were prepared by wet granulation using HPMC hpmck cr as the hydrophilic rate controlling polymer the effect of the concentration of the CP and different fillers on the in vitro drug release rate was studied the studies indicated that the drug PR can be modulated by varying the concentration of the polymer and the fillers an optimized formulation subjected to accelerated stability studies for months revealed that the developed cr tablets are SD a CR crossover bioavailability study of the optimized formulation of the developed cr tablets and marketed immediate PR tablets was performed in healthy male volunteers the extent of absorption of drug from the cr tablets was significantly higher than that for the marketed naproxen sodium tablet due to lower beta rate and longer halflife | MEDAL |
mycoplasma virus p is a tailed polyhedral virus isolated from mycoplasma pulmonis to characterize the p genome stocks of virus were prepared free of host cell nucleic acids a single dna species of kb that was shown by PI hybridization to be of p origin was extracted from the virus efficient isolation of p dna required digestion with proteolytic enzymes prior to phenol extraction although p dna was dsDNA and linear following such treatment it was resistant to digestion with the TPS lambda exonuclease electron microscopic analysis indicated that globular material is complexed to the ends of p dna the globular material was not observed on proteasetreated p dna molecules suggesting that it is composed of protein removal of the putative terminal protein by chemical treatment allowed the cloning of the p dna ends and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that these ends contain a bp inverted terminal repeat | MEDAL |
regeneration of muscle spindles was quantified in a series of orthotopically and heterotopically autografted muscles of pigeons significantly fewer spindles relative to numbers of extrafusal SF were present in grafts than in normal muscles these results are in marked contrast to observations of freegrafted muscles of rats a majority of grafts of the metapatagialis a muscle devoid of spindles into the site of the anterior LD contained spindles a few spindles were present in grafts of the extensor digitorum communis which normally contains many spindles into the site formerly occupied by the metapatagialis whereas muscle spindles were absent in orthotopic grafts of the metapatagialis muscle these observations suggest that the spindlelike structures observed in the extensor digitorum communis muscles which regenerated in the sites of the metapatagialis were derived from spindles of the donor muscle thus muscle spindles in transplanted avian muscle can form by two distinct developmental processes | MEDAL |
a shortage of suitable donors is a serious obstacle to the widespread application of isolated lung transplantation for endstage lung disease we hypothesized that lung tissue likely remains viable for a sufficient period of time to allow for safe postmortem retrieval of lungs for transplantation studies were conducted in a nonsurvival model of canine lung allotransplantation donor animals were sacrificed and subsequent lung harvest was delayed for hour hours or hours pulmonary retrieval was then performed in a standard fashion flushing the lung block with modified eurocollins solution lungs were then stored for hours before single allotransplantation recipient animals were maintained anesthetized and followed up for hours by occlusion of the pulmonary i.a. and bronchus to the native lung recipient animals were forced to survive solely on the transplanted lung with a constant inspired oxygen fraction of all recipient animals of hour cadaver lungs survived the hour observation period with excellent hemodynamics and gas exchange two of recipients of hour cadaver lungs survived the observation period whereas a third animal survived for hours with excellent gas exchange one of animals transplanted with a hour cadaver lung survived the observation period retrieval of lungs from cadavers whose hearts are not beating may prove to be a safe and ERP method to increase the pulmonary donor pool | MEDAL |
idiopathic membranous nephropathy imn patients with persistent highgrade PU are at the highest risk for developing endstage renal failure we previously reported the effects of treatment with mizoribine followed by lowdose prednisone treatment in imn patients the purpose of the present study was to further assess the effects of this combined treatment in a larger T0 group | MEDAL |
antibiotics are often used to treat viral upper RTIs even though they are usually ineffective however frequent inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to the emergence of drugresistant bacterial pathogens this T0 used a national database to evaluate antibiotic use in treating upper RT infections in emergency departments | MEDAL |
local cerebral blood flow lcbf and local tissueblood partition coefficient l lambda values were measured during ct scanning while patients with different types of parkinsons syndrome n inhaled a contrast mixture of per cent SD xenon gas in oxygen singlecompartment analysis fitted to infinity was used to calculate l lambda and lcbf values results were compared with results from normal agematched volunteers n mean hemispheric p less than and subcortical p less than GM lcbf values were reduced in idiopathic FPD n compared to values from agematched normals regionally lcbf reductions included FC p less than PC p less than Cd p less than lentiform nuclei p less than and TH p less than reductions l lambda values were normal unilateral tremor andor rigidity correlated directly with reduced lcbf in CL lentiform p less than and Cd p less than nuclei in postencephalitic parkinsonism n lcbf reductions were diffuse with normal l lambda values in the akinetic form of PD n associated with lacunar infarcts lcbf and l lambda reductions were patchy in PD following carbon monoxide poisoning n lcbf values of gray and WG matter were diffusely reduced and l lambda values were reduced in both pallidal regions when dementia was present together with parkinsonism n lcbf reductions were more diffuse and severe dopaminergic deficiency correlated directly with reduced lcbf values reflecting the severity of PD | MEDAL |
the study aims to provide an updated assessment of the evidence for individual pharmacological therapies for acute migraine treatment pharmacological therapy is frequently required for acutely treating migraine attacks the american academy of neurology guidelines published in summarized the available evidence relating to the tau of acute migraine medications this review conducted by the members of the guidelines section of the american HA society is an updated assessment of evidence for the migraine acute medications a standardized literature search was performed to identify articles related to acute migraine treatment that were published between and the american academy of neurology guidelines OD procedures were followed two authors reviewed each abstract resulting from the search and determined whether the full manuscript qualified for review two reviewers studied each qualifying full manuscript for its level of evidence level a evidence requires at least class i studies and level b evidence requires class i or class ii studies the TPS medications triptans almotriptan eletriptan frovatriptan naratriptan rizatriptan sumatriptan oral nasal spray injectable transcutaneous patch zolmitriptan oral and nasal spray and DHE nasal spray inhaler are ERP level a ergotamine and other forms of dihydroergotamine are probably ERP level b effective nonspecific medications include acetaminophen nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs aspirin diclofenac ibuprofen and NAP opioids butorphanol nasal spray sumatriptannaproxen and the combination of acetaminophenaspirincaffeine level a ketoprofen intravenous and intramuscular ketorolac flurbiprofen intravenous magnesium in MA and the combination of isometheptene compounds codeineacetaminophen and tramadolacetaminophen are probably ERP level b the antiemetics prochlorperazine droperidol chlorpromazine and metoclopramide are probably ERP level b there is inadequate evidence for butalbital and butalbital combinations phenazone intravenous tramadol MTD butorphanol or meperidine i.v. intranasal lidocaine and CSs including dexamethasone level c octreotide is probably not ERP level b there is inadequate evidence to refute the tau of ketorolac nasal spray intravenous acetaminophen chlorpromazine i.t. and intravenous granisetron level c there are many acute migraine treatments for which evidence supports tau clinicians must consider medication efficacy potential SE and potential medicationrelated adverse events when prescribing acute medications for migraine although opioids such as butorphanol codeineacetaminophen and tramadolacetaminophen are probably effective they are not recommended for regular use | MEDAL |
in order to determine the extent to which the recovery cycle of the blink reflex is modified by voluntary contraction of the eyelids we investigated the electrically elicited blink reflex with paired stimuli of identical intensity in HS we pseudorandomly administered two interstimulus intervals ms and ms in three different conditions of voluntary contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle relaxed mild lid closure and strong lid closure our results show that inhibition of the r response following the second stimulus is significantly reduced with voluntary contraction in addition we found significantly larger amplitudes and shorter latencies of r and r with voluntary contraction we conclude that in HS voluntary eyelid contraction causes facilitation or DIS not only in the nuclei of the seventh cranial nerve but also in the polysynaptic pathway of the r the possible implications on the interpretation of clinical data are discussed | MEDAL |
clarithromycin amoxicillin tetracycline and metronidazole are the most frequently used antimicrobials for helicobacter pylori infection treatment while tetracycline and amoxicillin resistance are rare clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance vary in different populations and are considered AF for TF the aim of this T0 was to determine the in vitro activity of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin in h pylori clinical isolates by agar dilution and to determine the spontaneous mutation rate metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance were ci and ci respectively moreover ci were intermediate to clarithromycin all the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline FZ and nitrofurantoin resistance rates were ci and ci respectively the three furazolidoneresistant strains were nitrofurantoinesusceptible mic mgl for furazolidone and mgl for nitrofurantoin and the nitrofurantoinresistant strains were furazolidonesusceptible mic mgl for nitrofurantoin and mgl for FZ these four strains were metronidazoleresistant mic mgl furazolidone or nitrofurantoin spontaneous mutants were not detected in the eight h pylori strains tested however mutants with resistance to metronidazole were found with all the strains with a mutation rate of x to x furazolidone and nitrofurantoin showed an excellent in vitro activity against the h pylori clinical isolates included herein supporting the usefulness of furazolidone as secondline antimicrobial T3 treatment failure or as firstline therapy in populations with low economical resources | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to compare red anusitis treatment with topical 5-ASA alone versus combined treatment with mesalazine plus a symbiotic zir fosr alfa wassermann to determine whether the effect of a therapy combining antiinflammatory activity with a symbiotic that interferes with intestinal dysbiosis can improve anusitis symptoms | MEDAL |
monolithic materials were synthesized in capillaries by in situ polymerization with nisopropylacrylamide GMA and ethylene dimethacrylate as the monomers and methanol and peg as the porogens with γalumina NPs attached to the surface of the porous monolithic column via epoxide groups a novel CP monolith microextraction pmme material was prepared with a good mechanical stability and a high SE capacity sem and xray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the modified monolithic column demonstrating that γalumina NPs were effectively functionalized onto the monolithic column in addition a new method was developed for the analysis of sudan iiv dyes using pmme coupled with hplc in order to obtain the optimum extraction efficiency the pmme conditions including desorption solvent type sample ph sample volume sample flow rate and eluent flow rate were investigated under the optimum conditions we obtained acceptable linearities low lods and good intra and interday rdss when applied to the determination of sudan iiv dyes in red wine samples satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range of | MEDAL |
low concentrations of NB are toxic to permeable yeast cells but do not inhibit type ii topoisomerase activity furthermore the enzyme does not bind specifically to novobiocinsepharose these observations are in agreement with genetical analyses mutations at a single locus that confer novobiocin resistance and temperature sensitivity exhibit a similar phenotype to cells treated with NB but are not topoisomerase ii mutants | MEDAL |
the oral findings in hivseropositive children are reported the patient population consisted of females and males ranging in age from months to years all patients were born to hivseropositive mothers cdc classification of the patients indicated that were po were p and were p eight of the p patients met cdc criteria for aids oral candidiasis was the most common finding six of po patients and six of p patients only one patient each presented with parotid swelling and gingivitis mucosal lesions characteristic of viral infection were not observed in any of the patients | MEDAL |
pSS pss is one of the autoimmune diseases characterized by polyclonal autoantibody production the human homologue of the mouse double minute mdm is an important negative regulator of p our previous study indicated that autoantibody to mdm can be detected in SLE erythematosus patients the purpose of this T0 is to T0 antimdm autoantibody in pss patients | MEDAL |
ductal carcinoma in situ dcis is a precursor lesion that can gives rise to invasive breast CA ibc it has been proposed that both the nature of the lesion and the tumor microenvironment play key roles in progression to ibc here laser capture microdissected tissue from pure dcis and pure ibc were employed to define key gene expression profiles in either the epithelial or stromal compartment associated with disease progression each tissue had distinct mRNA profiles and a dcisibc classifier accurately distinguished dcis versus ibc in multiple independent data sets however contrary to other studies that profiled dcis associated with invasive disease we found that the most significant alterations in mRNA were observed in the epithelial compartment rather than in the stroma in particular genes associated with epithelialtomesenchymal transition and myoepithelial cellspecific genes were EC in invasive cancer relative to pure dcis such alterations in transcript levels were associated with all subtypes of breast CA but were particularly indicative of poor outcome in ernegative breast cancer together these studies indicate that lesionspecific differences in gene expression associated with invasive phenotype are particularly relevant in the progression of dcis to invasive breast CA | MEDAL |
malaria vaccine OD has traditionally concentrated on careful molecular PSA and immunological characterisation of candidate antigens in contrast evidence of the importance of identified antigens in immunity to human infection and disease has generally been limited to statistically significant covariation with protection rather than on demonstration of causal relationships we have studied the relationship between variant surface antigenspecific antibodies and clinical protection from plasmodium falciparum malaria in GA and from pregnancyassociated malaria pam in particular to provide robust evidence of a causal link between the two in order to allow efficient and evidencebased identification of candidate antigens for malaria vaccine development | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to examine gender differences with regard to cochlea sensitivity as measured by the TEOAEs hearing screening procedure during this test a sudden burst of sound is presented at between and db spl which stimulates the entire basilar membrane this in turn excites the outer hair cells in the cochlea and causes an nt PG and does not depend on adhesion to promote metacyclogenesis metacyclogenesis far from the epithelium seems to be an important selective advantage to both host and parasite since it assures the elimination of the infective forms of the parasite when the host expels the PG contents which occurs in frightening situations or at times of stress the morphological characteristics of infected and noninfected scent PG using transmission and scanning electron microscopies were also described | MEDAL |
reaction see text trifluoroacetyl derivatives of hydrazines undergo clean and efficient reductive cleavage of the nn bond with smi in the presence of meoh T3 ntrifluoroacetylation acyl aryl and alkylsubstituted hydrazines are reductively cleaved by this method to afford trifluoroacetamides in yields ranging from to these conditions accommodate alkene functionality avoid racemization and furnish chiral amines bearing a readily removable tfa protecting group | MEDAL |
recent molecular genetic studies revealed that the human prion protein prp gene has a C1 repertoire of polymorphisms and mutations each variant prp seems to correspol kda protein prior to the appearance of the kda protein from the tipped aggregate to the standing slug stage thus indicating the former to be a F0 protein ICC and IEM studies showed that the protein is bound to er at the early stages of OD when only the kda protein is present at the later stages when the kda protein predominates however it becomes localized in presporespecific vacuoles psvs and is associated with the inner fibrous material of psvs but not with the peripheral membranous material this is in contrast to spore coat proteins which are localized in psvs from the beginning of their appearance and associated with both structures of psvs in mature fruiting bodies most dp protein is localized to the interspore space matrix of the sori with some left on the surface of the stalk tube disruptants of the dp gene were also produced although they contained neither kda nor kda protein they showed no phenotypic defects as compared to the parental CS | MEDAL |
we previously demonstrated that hypercorticalism induces pronounced volumetric reductions in the rat medial prefrontal cortex mpfc and that these structural changes correlate with deficits in executive function by applying dimensional analysis of golgicoxstained material we now demonstrate that CSs can exert differential effects on dendritic arborizations of pyramidal SN in lamina iiiii of the mpfc treatment with the glucocorticoid receptorselective agonist dexamethasone and with the NK adrenosteroid corticosterone cort results in significant reductions in the total length of apical dendrites in the pyramidal neurons in lamina iiiii of the anterior cingulateprelimbic and infralimbic cortices interestingly although these treatments do not affect the number of dendritic branches they are associated with impoverished arborizations in their distal portions and in corttreated animals with increased branching in the middle portions of the apical dendritic tree deprivation of CSs by ADX leads to decreases in total apical dendritic length and spine number but in this case dendritic impoverishment was restricted to the middleproximal segments of the dendritic trees none of the treatments influenced the architecture of the basal dendrites these results add to our knowledge of the morphological substrates through which corticosteroids may disrupt mpfcdependent behaviors | MEDAL |
the effects of tillage regimen CCT and notillage nt on the activity density and diversity of carabid beetles coleoptera carabidae was studied by pitfall trapping within a rainfed cropping system in northwestern idaho the cropping rotation consisted of a spring cereal barley hordeum vulgare l in and and wheat triticum aestivum l in spring dry pea pisum sativum l and wheat t aestivum spring in and and winter in a total of beetles comprised of species was captured with five numerically dominant species poecilus scitulus l poecilus lucublandus say microlestes linearis l pterostichus melanarius ill and calosoma cancellatum eschscholtz accounting for of all captures all species including the dominants responded idiosyncratically to tillage regimen adjusting for trapping biases did not significantly change seasonal activity density of poecilus spp or pt melanarius to tillage more beetles were captured in ct than in nt crops because of the dominance of p scitulus in ct whereas species richness and biological diversity were generally higher in nt crops observed patterns suggest that direct effects of tillage affected some species whereas indirect effects related to habitat characteristics affected others ct may provide habitat preferable to xerophilic spring breeders a relationship was found between beetle species size and tillage regimen in pea and to a lesser extent across all spring crops with large species mm conserved more commonly in nt small species mm in ct and intermediate species mm conserved equally between tillage systems | MEDAL |
there is a need for new ERP and less toxic treatments for leishmaniasis an infectious disease caused by leishmania protozoa and is a major cause of suffering and morbidity in much of the developing world imiquimod an immuneresponse modifier has recently been approved by the food and drug administration for the treatment of genital warts caused by human papillomaviruses imiquimod initiates a local immune reaction including the stimulation of macrophages resulting in resolution of human papillomavirus infection and regression of the viral lesion since imiquimod activates a number of immune cells including macrophages which are the only host cells of leishmania species an investigation was done to determine whether it induces leishmanicidal properties in INF macrophages in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model imiquimod and a related compound s effectively stimulated leishmanicidal activity in macrophages moreover imiquimod stimulated ST associated with inducing nitric oxide synthesis in macrophages | MEDAL |
seventeen patients with schizophrenia who had been free of medication for at least months entered a placebocontrolled randomorder crossover trial of mg of THP twice daily for weeks ten patients completed trials of both drug and placebo ratings of anticholinergic PS and of feeling the effects of the drug controlled for order effects were significantly higher at week of the trihexyphenidyl trial than at week of the placebo trial measures of psychosis NS depression and liking the drug did not differ between THP and PL trials | MEDAL |
a series of EDC of coxmgxmoo compositions has been prepared by a conventional ceramic route the members of the whole solid solution exhibit a reversible firstorder phase transition which was probed by using thermal expansion and lowtemperature reflectivity techniques whereas the α â β transition temperature evolves linearly on warming from to °c with x going from to the β â α transition temperature R2 falls down on cooling from °c to °c going from comoo to comgmoo with an asymptotic evolution the Tm temperatures have been explained on the basis of a crystal polarization effect under substitution of mg for co thus from an applicative point of view new thermochromic pigments with tunable transition temperatures are here proposed | MEDAL |
sulphonylureas improve gl tolerance by stimulating insulin secretion whether improved glucose tolerance results from enhanced early insulin release or greater total insulin secretion is not clear insulin response to a test meal in type diabetic subjects with and without a single dose mg of oral and intravenous glipizide were therefore measured intravenous glipizide enhanced early insulin PR more than oral glipizide and vs control p whereas total insulin release was equally improved and vs control p despite slight differences in insulin PR there was no difference in gl tolerance median area under concentration curve auc vs mmol x min l ns the test meal was repeated after a bolus of intravenous insulin at the beginning of the meal this allowed comparison of the effect of exogenous and endogenous insulin supply on PPG excursions in spite of an early and fivefold larger rise in serum insulin after i.v. of the hormone than T3 intravenous glipizide vs p PPG was no better than T3 glipizide median auc vs mmol x min l ns in contrast gl tolerance was better T3 oral glipizide compared to intravenous insulin median auc vs mmol x min l p in conclusion the total amount of insulin secreted seems more important than the timing of the insulin PR for the PP gl tolerance in type diabetic subjects neither endogenous nor peripheral premeal supply of insulin could normalize postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type diabetes | MEDAL |
cytofluorometric quantification of the accumulation of somatopetally transported fluoroisothiocyanate fitclabelled wheat germ agglutinin wga and concanavalin a con a were performed on sections of the mouse facial nucleus the lectins were injected bilaterally in the snout region of sixweekold mice eleven days T3 one of the facial nerves had been crushed analysis of variance revealed a significantly higher uptake of both wga and con a in the regenerating than in the control nerve wga appeared to be taken up to a higher degree than con a both in normal and reg nerve T3 application of the two lectins to the facial nerve immediately T3 injury at the site of crushing both wga and con a were taken up and transported to nerve cell HB of the FN the observed difference in uptake between wga and con a from injured axons was even more pronounced than that found in IN axons no accumulation of fluorescent material was seen in the cell bodies of the facial nucleus after i.t. of four other lectins DBA PNA ulex europeus agglutinin soybean agglutinin either into the snout or the area of the nerve crush | MEDAL |
peripheral ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic RT with the same histological characteristics as the centrally located ameloblastoma but appearing in the gingiva and mucosa of the toothbearing area of the jaws a review is presented of cases being reported as IP ameloblastoma and as basal cell carcinoma of the gingiva including the case presented based on the review it is recommended to treat this lesion by LE including a small margin of healthy tissue local recurrence is unlikely unless incomplete removal is performed | MEDAL |
human serum beta glycoprotein i was analyzed by isoelectric focusing followed by immunoprinting or immunoblotting with monospecific AS isoelectric focusing revealed a heterogeneous pattern consisting of major and minor bands with isoelectric points of the L1 bands between ph and comparative analysis of sera from more than healthy blood donors showed individual variations of band patterns six different phenotypes were observed a family T0 of families with a total of children demonstrated the genetic control of this R2 presumably three alleles called bg bg and bg determine six phenotypes bg and the phenotype however has not been found in this T0 an additional phenotype noted in one SS specimen was tentatively classified as bg the distribution of phenotypes and alleles in two populations from munich and from tyrol has been examined and the frequencies are presented this genetic polymorphism appears not to be associated with inherited quantitative variations of beta glycoprotein i found earlier the inherited variations can still be recognized after treatment of sera with neuraminidase and with endoglycosidase f although the banding DP is altered and shifted towards the cathode the genetic polymorphism can therefore not be ascribed to variations residing in the carbohydrate side chains | MEDAL |
the hepatic hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone in vitro is mediated primarily by cype and measurement of this metabolic pathway may provide an in vivo probe of the enzyme in animals such as the rat levels of cype are induced by both fasting and obesity this study investigated whether these two physiologic factors are determinants of the metabolism and disposition of CZX in humans | MEDAL |
this article provides an overview of the gamut of biliary imaging techniques currently available to the clinician it provides a brief PH of biliary imaging particularly intravenous cholangiography including most commonly used contrast agents this PH is followed by a detailed discussion of modernday practice modalities including fluoroscopic and barium cholangiography ct cholangiography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography | MEDAL |
tcell intracellular antigen tia is a key dnarna IB protein that regulates translation by sequestering target mrnas in AS LG sg in response to AS conditions tia possesses three rna recognition motifs rrm along with a glutaminerich domain with the central domains rrm and rrm acting as rna binding platforms while the rrm domain which displays high affinity for urich rna sequences is primarily responsible for interaction with rna the contribution of rrm to bind rna as well as the target rna sequences that it binds preferentially are still unknown here we combined nuclear magnetic resonance nmr and SPR spr techniques to elucidate the CS specificity of tia rrm with a novel RPA using STD nmr stdnmr to quantify proteinnucleic acids interactions we demonstrate that isolated rrm binds to both c and urich stretches with micromolar affinity in combination with rrm and in the context of fulllength tia rrm significantly enhanced the binding to rna particularly to cytosinerich rna oligos as assessed by biotinylated rna pulldown analysis our findings provide new insight into the role of rrm in regulating tia IB to crich stretches that are abundant at the tops terminal oligopyrimidine tracts of mrnas whose translation is repressed under AS situations | MEDAL |
the indices of three adrenal cortex functions were investigated in patients with a moderately severe and severe forms of diabetes mellitus of various duration outside of the ketoacidosis and hypoglucemia states both during decompensation and at the period of unstable compensation subcompensation of the disease of the patients displayed increased indices of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions and of the androgenic ones along with different frequency of PCD there was revealed a distinct nonuniformity of different indices elevation a prevalence of the mineralocorticoid function activation was noted as suggested at the mentioned periods of diabetes mellitus PET activity of the adrenal cortex reflected various phases of the oscillatory adaptation process to the frequently repeated AS actions metabolic disturbances possible causes of prevalent aldosterone excretion elevation are discussed | MEDAL |
a variety of chemicals such as organophosphate op and carbamate pesticides nerve agents and industrial chemicals inhibit acetylcholinesterase ache leading to overstimulation of the ACh nervous system the resultant neurotoxicity is similar across rat species however the relative potencies of the chemicals across and within species depend in part on chemicalspecific metabolic and detoxification processes carboxylesterases and aesterases paraoxonases pon are two enzymatic detoxification pathways that have been widely studied we used an in vitro system to measure esterasedependent detoxification of ache inhibitors the target enzyme ache served as a bioassay of inhibitor concentration following incubation with detoxifying tissue concentrationinhibition curves were determined for the inhibitor in the presence of buffer no liver rat liver plus calcium to stimulate pons and thereby measure both pon and carboxylesterase and rat CL plus egta to inhibit calciumdependent pons measuring carboxylesterase activity point estimates concentrations calculated to produce and inhibition were compared across conditions and served as a measure of esterasemediated detoxification results with wellknown inhibitors CPO paraoxon methyl paraoxon malaoxon were in PA with the literature serving to support the use of this assay only a few other inhibitors showed slight or a trend towards detoxification via carboxylesterases or pons mevinphos aldicarb oxamyl there was no apparent pon or carboxylesterasemediated detoxification of the remaining inhibitors carbofuran chlorfenvinphos dicrotophos fenamiphos methamidophos methomyl monocrotophos phosphamidon suggesting that the influence of esterases on these chemicals is minimal thus generalizations regarding these metabolic pathways may not be AGA as with other aspects of ache inhibitors their metabolic patterns appear to be chemicalspecific | MEDAL |
a series of silica xerogels that support rhodamine b as a template were synthesized using distinct solgel routes namely acidcatalyzed routes a basecatalyzed route acidcatalyzed with basecatalyzed two steps hydrolytic routes and a fecl catalyzed nonhydrolytic route the extraction methods thermal soxhlet water washing and ultrasound were also evaluated the resulting xerogels were characterized through porosimetry using nitrogen adsorptiondesorption the samples were further analyzed through smallangle xray scattering fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and sem the preparation route affected the materials textural properties extraction was optimized using acid and twostep routes the acid route from rhodamine b to rhodamine g generated the highest selectivity factor the nonhydrolytic route produced the best imprinting factor competitive adsorption was also used from which the approximate imprinting factor was the cavity shape generated during the production of the imprinted silica dictates the adsorption behavior not the magnitude of the SA | MEDAL |
halophilic bacteria respond to salt stress by regulating the cytosolic pools of organic solutes to achieve osmotic equilibrium in order to understand the metabolic regulation of these organic solutes for the first time we have investigated the effect of salt on growth and biochemical changes in four major moderately halophilic bacterial strains isolated from a saltern region of the kumta coast india the strains under T0 were halomonas hydrothermalis vitp bacillus aquimaris vitp planococcus maritimus vitp and virgibacillus dokdonensis vitp which exhibited similar salt tolerance to wv nacl with optimal growth at wv nacl biochemical analysis showed that the total intracellular organic solutes increased significantly with increasing nacl concentration in the GM and the compositions of the solutes were dependent on the type of CS and also on the nutrient richness of the growth medium glutamic acid C2 increased in all the strains under salt AS indicating the significance of glutamic acid as the anionic counterpart of kna ions and precursor for other synthesized nitrogenous osmolytes though initial studies were performed with TLC mass spectrometry was used to identify the L1 solutes accumulated by the strains under salt AS such as proline vitp ectoine vitp and vitp and sugars vitp under minimal medium and GB by all the strains under study under complex growth medium conditions such comparative T0 on the stressdependent metabolic differences of different microbes under MZ exp condition helps to identify possible bacterial sources for the production of industrially important solutes | MEDAL |
thyroid storm is an endocrine emergency which is characterized by multiple organ failure due to severe thyrotoxicosis often associated with triggering illnesses early suspicion prompt diagnosis and intensive treatment will improve survival in thyroid storm patients because of its rarity and high mortality prospective MI studies for the treatment of thyroid storm are difficult to carry out we the japan thyroid association and japan endocrine society taskforce committee previously developed new diagnostic criteria and conducted nationwide surveys for thyroid storm in japan detailed analyses of clinical data from patients revealed that the mortality in japan was still high â¼ and that MOF and acute HR failure were common causes of death in addition multimodal treatment with antithyroid drugs inorganic iodide CSs and betaadrenergic antagonists has been suggested to improve mortality of these patients based on the evidence obtained by nationwide surveys and additional literature searches we herein established clinical guidelines for the management of thyroid storm the present guideline includes recommendations for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis and organ failure in the central NS cardiovascular system and hepatogastrointestinal tract admission criteria for the intensive care unit and prognostic DUE we also proposed preventive approaches to thyroid storm roles of definitive therapy and future prospective trial plans for the treatment of thyroid storm we hope that this guideline will be useful for many physicians all over the world as well as in japan in the management of thyroid storm and the improvement of its outcome | MEDAL |
recompression remains the primary form of treatment in decompression sickness but severe cases require ancillary treatment the case of a compressed air worker with DCS is presented who in addition to recompression required of iv fluids in the first h heparin digitalis steroids and respiratory support to prevent death the report includes a description of the precipitation causes the course during recompression the drugs and dosages used and comments on respirator treatment | MEDAL |
pathology and magnetic resonance imaging mri studies have provided evidence of widespread axonal loss and reductions of cerebral and spinal cord volume in multiple sclerosis ms atrophy measures on mri may be a useful surrogate marker of worsening disability in ms but the published studies are of relatively short duration NC in BB volume atrophy was measured over a fouryear period in patients with relapsingremitting rr and with AA progressive sp ms using threedimensional d mri acquired during treatment trials of interferonbetaa rebif brain parenchymal and lateral ventricle volume changes were determined and correlated with clinical measures over four years BB PC volume bpv decreased in rrms and spms patients by p and p respectively and the lateral ventricle volumes increased by p and p respectively in rrms patients both lateral IVT volume r p and bpv change r p were related to disability change as measured by the expanded disability status scale even though a small T0 and despite the possible confounding effects of interferon treatment this study demonstrated an association between measures of CBF atrophy and worsening disability the data also provides evidence that BB atrophy can be detected early in the disease course and central VWM atrophy as reflected by IVT enlargement appears to be a continuous process | MEDAL |
we report a yearold tanner iv male with homozygous HbS who presented with recurrent episodes of priapism unresponsive to standard therapy with hydration analgesia and exchange transfusion he had a complete resolution of his PS with hydralazine therapy we therefore suggest a trial of vasodilator therapy for recurrent sickle cell priapism before attempting surgical therapy | MEDAL |
the growthsuppressive properties of p are controlled by posttranslational modifications and by regulation of its kcat here we show that p can be modified in vitro and in vivo by conjugation to the small ubiquitinlike protein sumo a lysine residue at CAA position of p is required for this previously undescribed modification strongly suggesting that this lysine residue serves as the L1 attachment site for sumo unlike ubiquitin att of sumo does not appear to target proteins for rapid Kd but rather has been proposed to change the ability of the modified protein to interact with other cellular proteins accordingly we provide evidence that conjugation of sumo to wildtype p response in msn msn mutants however many promoters still show a distinct rise in transcriptional activity upon osmotic stress here we describe two structurally related nuclear factors msnp and a newly identified protein hotp for highosmolarityinduced transcription which are also involved in osmotic stressinduced transcription hot single mutants are specifically compromised in the transient induction of gpd and gpp which encode enzymes involved in glycerol biosynthesis and exhibit delayed glycerol accumulation after stress exposure similar to a gpd mutation a hot defect can rescue cells from inappropriately high hog pathway activity in contrast hotp has little influence on the osmotic stress induction of ctt where msnp appears to play a more prominent role cells lacking msnp msnp msnp and hotp are almost devoid of the ST transcriptional response of the genes gpd gpp ctt and hsp to osmotic AS such cells also show a distinct reduction in the nuclear residence of the mitogenactivated protein kinase hogp upon osmotic AS thus hotp and msnp may define an additional tier of transcriptional regulators that control responses to highosmolarity stress | MEDAL |
the polycythemia vera T0 group pvsg and who classifications distinguished the philadelphia ph chromosomepositive chronic myeloid leukemia from the phnegative myeloproliferative neoplasms mpn essential thrombocythemia et polycythemia vera pv and primary myelofibrosis mf or primary megakaryocytic granulocytic myeloproliferation pmgm half of pvsgwhodefined et patients show low serum erythropoietin C2 and carry the jakvf mutation indicating prodromal pv the positive predictive value of a jakvf pcr test is for the diagnosis of pv and about for et and mf the whodefined jakvfpositive et comprises three et phenotypes at clinical and bone marrow level when the integrated who and european clinical molecular and pathological ecmp criteria are applied normocellular et whoet hypercellular et due to increased erythropoiesis prodromal pv and hypercellular et associated with megakaryocytic granulocytic myeloproliferation emgm four main molecular types of clonal mpn can be distinguished jakvfpositive et and pv jak wildtype et carrying the mpl mutations in the calreticulin calr gene in jakmpl wildtype et and mf and a small proportion of jakmplcalr wildtype et and mf patients the jakvf mutation load is low in heterozygous normocellular whoet the jakvf mutation load in heterohomozygous pv and emgm is clearly related to mpn disease burden in terms of splenomegaly constitutional symptoms and fibrosis the jak wildtype et carrying the mpl mutation is featured by clustered small and giant megakaryocytes with hyperlobulated staghornlike nuclei in a normocellular bone marrow whoet and lacks features of pv jakmpl wildtype calr mutated hypercellular et associated with pmgm is featured by dense clustered C1 immature dysmorphic megakaryocytes and bulky cloudlike hyperchromatic nuclei which are never seen in whoecmpdefined jakvf mutated et emgm and pv and neither in jak wildtype et carrying the mpl mutation two thirds of jakmpl wildtype et and mf patients carry one of the calr mutations as the cause of the third distinct mpn entity whoecmp criteria are recommended to diagnose classify and stage the broad spectrum of mpn of various molecular etiologies | MEDAL |
de novo missense variants in cdk have been described as the cause of syndromic congenital heart defects in seven individuals ascertained from a C1 congenital cardiovascular malformations cohort we aimed to further define the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of this newly described disorder | MEDAL |
sulfatide induces leukocyte activation which is thought to be mediated via lselectin here we demonstrate that lymphocytes express a receptor for sulfatide distinct from lselectin and that this receptor is involved in sulfatideinduced cell activation while cell surface lselectin expression was abolished by phorbol myristate acetate pma lymphocytes retained the ability to bind sulfatide in liquid phase as well as in immobilized solid phase the novel sulfatide receptor obtained from pmatreated lymphocytes showed a molecular size of kda stimulation through this receptor triggered [Ca2+]i elevation and intercellular aggregation | MEDAL |
the present T0 evaluated survival effects of nacetylcysteine nac on cultured CE cells exposed to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum er AS and in a mouse MM of earlyonset fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy fecd cultured BCE cell viability against oxidative and er stress was determined by celltiterglo® luminescent reagent twomonthold homozygous knockin colalwlw mutant lw and B6 wildtype wt animals were divided into two groups of mice GI received mgml nac in drinking water and group ii received control water for months endothelial cell density and morphology were evaluated with confocal microscopy antioxidant gene inos and er stressunfolded protein response gene grp and chop mrna C2 and protein expression were measured in corneal endothelium by real time pcr and western blotting cell viability of ho and thapsigargin exposed cells pretreated with nac was significantly increased compared to UT controls p corneal ECD cd was higher p and percent polymegathism was lower p in nac treated lw mice than in untreated lw mice nac treated lw EC showed significant upregulation of inos whereas grp and chop were downregulated compared to UT lw endothelium by real time pcr and western blotting nac increases survival in cultured corneal EC cells exposed against er and oxidative stress systemic nac ingestion increases corneal endothelial cell survival which is associated with increased antioxidant and decreased er AS markers in a mouse MM of earlyonset fecd our study presents in vivo evidence of a novel potential medical treatment for fecd | MEDAL |
about of the patients with acute aortic dissection suffer from organ or limb ischemia we analyzed the influence of iic one desensitization was biphasic switching to monophasic kinetics at gaba concentrations or mm for the alphabetagammastype and or mm for the alphabetatype respectively comparison with former studies performed with gabaergic receptors consisting of different subunits revealed differences in the desensitization kinetics | MEDAL |
here we describe a novel human ADM adm crosslinked using EB irradiation structural and biomechanical characteristics of the human adm were assessed by infrared spectrometry and uniaxial tensile testing electron beam irradiation affects collagen secondary structure which can be detected in the amide i spectral region cm and cm at doses exceeding kgy crosslinking of the collagen matrix results in a denser more stratified appearance and parallel arrangement with significantly increased TS and elastic modulus in a micropig MM the implanted adm elicits rapid host cell infiltration and EM deposition however the delayed remodeling resulted in LT structural integrity furthermore mean densities of collagen and elastin expression of extracellular matrix proteins and microvessel formation within the implanted adm increased significantly whereas the thickness of the implanted adm did not decrease during the course of the T0 compared with normal adjacent tPA i collagen mrna C2 in the adm increased fold at months after implantation and transforming growth factorβ mrna C2 increased fold at months matrix metalloproteinase mmp and mmp mrna levels were also elevated collectively these results demonstrate that the structural and biomechanical properties of this novel crosslinked human adm are adequate for use as a biologic tissue substitute | MEDAL |
the usefulness of modern density functional theory dft methods is considered for establishing the absolute configurations of dna lesions by comparisons of computed and experimentally measured optical rotatory dispersion ord and electronic circular dichroism ecd spectra two rigid structurally different dna lesions two spiroiminodihydantoin stereoisomers and four equine estrogen hydoxyequilenindna stereoisomeric adducts have been investigated in all cases the signs and shapes of the computed ord spectra reproduced the experimentally measured ord spectra although the magnitudes of the computed and experimental ord values do not coincide exactly the computed ecd spectra also reproduced the shapes of the exp ecd spectra rather well but are blueshifted by nm since the assignments of the absolute configurations of the dna lesions studied based on computed and experimental ord and ecd spectra are fully consistent with one another the computational dft method shows significant promise for determining the absolute configurations of dna lesions establishing the stereochemistry of dna lesions is highly useful for understanding their biological impact especially when sufficient amounts of material are not available for other methods of structural characterization | MEDAL |
larvae of the gall fly eurosta solidaginis use the cold hardiness strategy of freeze tolerance as well as entry into a hypometabolic state diapause to survive the winter cold hardiness strategies have been extensively explored in this species but the metabolic features of winter hypometabolism have received little attention a primary consumer of SE in cells is the atpdependent sodiumpotassium ion pump nakatpase so inhibitory controls over transmembrane ion movements could contribute substantially to SE savings over the winter months nakatpase activity was quantified in larvae sampled between october and april activity was high in october nmolminmg but fell by in november remained low through midwinter and then increased strongly in april to determine whether the seasonal NC in nakatpase activity was linked with posttranslational modification of the enzyme extracts from degrees cacclimated larvae were incubated under conditions that stimulated protein kinases a g or c the action of all three kinases suppressed nakatpase activity to C2 just of control values whereas the opposite treatment with ALP phosphatase had no effect hence the seasonal suppression of nakatpase activity may be linked to enzyme phosphorylation furthermore acute cold degrees c or hypoxia exposures of degrees cacclimated larvae did not alter CEA and freezing at degrees c increased activity so environmental factors do not appear to directly influence CEA rather it appears that winter suppression of ion motive atpase activity may be part of a program of winter metabolic suppression | MEDAL |
the RET flt is expressed and functionally important in early CFU-GM and in the majority of acute ML aml blasts internal tandem duplications itds in the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor occur in of aml cases previously we have shown that these mutations activate the receptor and induce leukemic transformation in this study we performed genomewide parallel expression analyses of dcl cells stably transfected with either wildtype or different itd isoforms of flt comparison of microarray expression analyses revealed that of genes differed in expression between fltwt and fltitdexpressing cell lines the target genes of mutationally activated flt resembled more closely those of the interleukin il receptor than those of ligandactivated flt the serinethreonine kinase pim was upregulated on the mrna and the protein level in fltitdexpressing cells further experiments indicated that pim CF was important for clonal growth of d cells several genes repressed by the mutations were found to be involved in myeloid gene regulation pu and cebpalpha both induced by ligandactivation of wildtype flt were suppressed in their expression and CF by the flt mutations in conclusion internal tandem duplication mutations of flt activate transcriptional programs that partially mimic il activity interestingly other parts of the transcriptional program involve novel ilindependent pathways that antagonize differentiationinducing effects of wildtype flt the ID of the transcriptional program induced by itd mutations should ease the OD of specific therapies | MEDAL |
transmural electrical stimulation depressed the SA of the LM of the rat portal vein in modified krebs solution containing guanethidine x m this nonadrenergic inhibitory response was frequencydependent and recovered slowly after cessation of stimulation tetrodotoxin x m but not atropine x m completely prevented this electricallyinduced GABA response indicating that it is due to a stimulation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic GABA nerves of the putative transmitters tested only VIP vip mimicked the depression of the SA elicited by transmural electrical stimulation using an indirect immunofluorescence technique vipimmunoreactive nerve fibres were observed in the wall of the rat portal vein such fibres were located both in the adventitia close to the LM layer and between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers these observations suggest a possibility that vip acts as a transmitter substance of vasodilator nerves in the rat portal vein | MEDAL |
DNs are a national treasure they are the key professionals who will enable the agenda of patients being cared for at home to be realised they are highly trusted and valued by communities who lead and manage teams of nurses and nursing assistants expertly to deliver highquality care in the patients own home in an era where the focus is now turning to the community for more care more actions are required to increase our district nursing workforce this article discusses the above issues in relation to recent reports on the current status of community nursing | MEDAL |
a patient who had been previously diagnosed with congenital complete atrioventricular block ccavb twenty years ago developed atrioventricular av conduction through an accessory pathway ap with enhanced sympathetic tone exercise isoproterenol conduction down the ap occurred an EP study confirmed a suprahissian av block and the presence of an ap the ap was located on the left side and posterior the absence of VA conduction through the ap and also a long conduction time were demonstrat the body often encounters the difficulty due to haemolytic erythrocytes and putrefaction mummification or skeletonization of the body during PMI in this presentation i review the merit and demerits of the abo bloodgrouping methods utilized in my division at the forensic autopsies according to the HA absorptionelution and histochemical techniques and abo genotyping method it is important for abo grouping to know the CSD of the abo antigen in the body i would like to emphasize that the species identification prior to abo grouping is an important procedure because forensic materials such as from saliva urine and seminal fluid might be contaminated with the fluid from animals and dna extracted from vertebrate species might be amplified with the primer for abo genotyping and the amplified pcr products might be hybridized to those from human | MEDAL |
two statistical methodscrosscorrelation moore et al and gravity clustering gerstein et al were evaluated for their ability to detect synchronous cell assemblies from simulated spike train data the two methods were first analyzed for their temporal sensitivity to synchronous cell assemblies the presented approach places a lower bound on the amount of data required to detect a synchronous assembly on average both methods required the same minimum amount of recording time to detect significant pairwise correlations but the gravity method exhibited less variance in the recording time the precise length of recording depends on the consistency with which a neuron fires synchronously with the assembly but was independent of the assembly firing rate next the statistical methods were tested with respect to their ability to differentiate two distinct assemblies that overlapped in time and space both statistics could adequately differentiate two overlapping synchronous assemblies for crosscorrelation this ability deteriorates quickly when considering three or more simultaneously AS overlapping assemblies whereas the gravity method should be more flexible in this regard the work demonstrates the difficulty of detecting assembly phenomena from simultaneous neuronal recordings other statistical methods and the PCD of other types of assemblies are also discussed | MEDAL |
we present the current optimal uses and limitations of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography petct as it relates to the diagnosis and staging of nonsmall cell LC nsclc petct demonstrates increased accuracy in the workup of solitary pulmonary nodules for malignancy compared with ct CT and we discuss its benefits and limitations we review pitfalls in measured standardized uptake values of lung lesions caused by respiratory artifacts the lower sensitivity for detection of small lung nodules on nonbreathhold ct and the benefits of obtaining an additional diagnostic ct for the maximum sensitivity of lung nodule detection there are limitations of quantitatively comparing separate petct examinations from different facilities with SUVs as for staging we describe how petct supplements clinical tumornodesmetastases ie tnm staging as well as mediastinoscopy EBUS and EUS which are the gold standard pathologic staging methods we touch on the th edition tnm staging system based on the work by the international association for the T0 of lung CA an anatomically based staging method | MEDAL |
the aim was to investigate the effect of addition of novobiocin to the nonselective buffered peptone water bpw for preenrichment of salmonella in connection with plating on modified semisolid rappaportvassiliadis msrv in a semiquantitative T0 the level of salmonella following preenrichment of presumably naturally contaminated swine fecal samples were assessed for bpw with and without addition of novobiocin microgml in another experiment a total of swine fecal samples were screened for the presence of salmonella spp in order to compare the performance of the nonselective preenrichment BB with bpw made semiselective by addition of novobiocin the semiquantitative assessment of the salmonella level showed that addition of novobiocin in the preenrichment step on average increased the level of salmonella log dilution steps when growth was scored at five C2 samples opposed to yielded a strong positive reading when novobiocin was applied growth was on average scores higher when preenriched with NB the difference in growth score medians of the two methods was highly significant sign test p despite the increased sensitivity culturepositive samples were missed when using the novobiocincontaining bpw in conclusion a simple addition of novobiocin in the bpw preenrichment step of fecal samples may facilitate reading and thereby PCD of salmonella on msrv the increase of salmonella in the semiquantitative study may be caused by a reduction in the number of competitive microorganisms | MEDAL |
whether group via phospholipase a iplaβ is involved in vascular inflammation and neointima formation is largely unknown here we report that iplaβ expression increases in the V1 tunica media upon i.c. ligation and that neointima formation is suppressed by genetic deletion of iplaβ or by inhibiting its activity or expression via perivascular delivery of bromoenol lactone or of antisense oligonucleotides respectively to investigate whether smooth musclespecific iplaβ is involved in neointima formation we generated transgenic mice in which iplaβ is expressed specifically in smooth muscle cells and demonstrate that smooth musclespecific expression of iplaβ exacerbates ligationinduced neointima formation and enhanced both production of Th1 cytokines and V1 infiltration by macrophages with cultured V1 smooth muscle cell angiotensin ii force microscopy afm methods the deposited layers change from discontinuous to continuous ones for longer deposition times while the deposition rate on the Si substrate is constant nearly independent on the SL thickness the rate on the glass ATP increases with increasing SL thickness the observed dependence can be explained by a simple kinetic MM taking into account different sticking probabilities of gold atoms on a bare glass substrate and regions with gold coverage detailed analysis of the shape of the rbs gold signal shows that in the initial stages of the deposition the gold layers on the glass substrate consist of gold islands with significantly different thicknesses these findings were confirmed by afm measurements too gold coverage of the Si ATP is rather homogeneous consisting of tiny gold grains but a pronounced wormlike structure is formed for the SL thickness at electrical continuity threshold on the glass ATP the gold clusters of different sizes are clearly observed for later deposition stages a clear tendency of the gold atoms to aggregate into larger clusters of approximately the same size is observed at later deposition stages gold clusters of up to nm in diameter are formed | MEDAL |
a sensitive and broadranged optical thermometer based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence of fullerene c is presented it consists of c molecularly dispersed in a CP film several polymer matrices were investigated in the absence of oxygen the FI increases markedly with temperature at degrees c the fluorescence intensity of c increases maximally by a factor of between and depending on the CP whereas at degrees c the fluorescence intensity can be times higher in the absence of oxygen and for temperatures above degrees c the red fluorescence of c in the films is so intense that it is easily perceived by the naked eye for the systems studied the fluorescence intensity is very CS to temperature this results in a working range from to at least degrees c in the case of c in polytertbutyl methacrylate ptbma perylene was incorporated into the film as an internal REF in order to enable ratiometric measurements the sensitivity of the lifetime of the delayed fluorescence to temperature is also high and results in an even wider working range the performance of the cptbma film was measured against a wellknown optical temperature probe ruphen phenphenanthroline the results show that the cptbma film is a very good system for optical temperaturesensing over a wide range of temperatures outperforming known standards | MEDAL |
orphanin fq ofq is a heptadecapeptide that structurally resembles opioid MMP it has been demonstrated that the moderate density of IB sites of ofq were localized in the hippocampus and that the expression of ofq receptor in the hippocampus have an important role in learning and memory this T0 was designed to investigate whether activation of the ofq receptor could induced hyperpolarization in the cultured hippocampus SN in rats in the current clamp mode the application of ofq m HP the CM in cultured hippocampus neurons in a concentrationdependent manner moreover in the Vc clamp mode application of ofq m induced outward current in hippocampus ca pyramidal neurons in the presence of ttx x m the average maximal amplitude of the outward current deflection induced by ofq m at mv of a holding potential was pa the ofqinduced current reversed at mv mm which was quite close to the k equilibrium potential as calculated by the nernst equation ek mv mm for k in our standard solution this suggests that ofqinduced current was mediated by k ion it has been demonstrated that phepsichnhglynociceptinnh a pseudopeptide analog of nociceptin and NST are selective antagonists of ofq ofq minduced outward current was antagonized by application of phepsichnhglynociceptinnh m in contrast ofqinduced outward current was not antagonized by application of nocistatin m these results indicates that there is the physiological SF-36 receptor of ofq in the hippocampus | MEDAL |
recent neuroimaging studies revealed that the dominant frequency of neural oscillations is brainregionspecific and can vary with frequencyspecific reorganization of brain networks during cognition in this study we examined the dominant frequency in lowfrequency neural oscillations represented by oxygenated hemoglobin measurements after the hemodynamic response function hrf deconvolution twentynine healthy college subjects were recruited to perform a serial finger tapping task at the frequency of hz functional IR spectroscopy fnirs was applied to record the hemodynamic signals over the primary motor cortex supplementary motor area sma PM SC and prefrontal area we then explored the low frequency steadystate brain response lfssbr which was evoked in the motor systems at the fundamental frequency hz and its harmonics and hz in particular after hrf deconvolution the lfssbr at the frequency of hz in the sma was identified as the dominant frequency interestingly the domain frequency exhibited the rho with behavior data such as reaction time indicating that the physiological implication of lfssbr is related to the brain anatomy stimulus frequency and cognition more importantly the hrf deconvolution showed its capability for recovering signals probably reflecting neurallevel events and revealing the physiological meaning of lfssbr | MEDAL |
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