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a relatively quick and simple assay for hyaluronate was developed using the SB protein hyaluronectin the hyaluronection was obtained by homogenizing the brains of spraguedawley rats and then centrifuging the TH the resulting supernatant was used as a source of crude HN in the binding CA the HN was mixed with hhyaluronate followed by an equal volume of saturated nhso which precipitated the hyaluronectin and any hhyaluronate associated with it but left free hhyaluronate in solution the mixture was then centrifuged and the amount of bound hhyaluronate in the precipitate was determined using this assay we found that HN specifically bound hyaluronate since other glycosaminoglycans failed to compete for the IB protein in addition the interaction between hyaluronectin and hyaluronate was of relatively high affinity kd x m and the size of the hyaluronate did not appear to substantially alter the amount of IB to determine the amount of hyaluronate in an unknown sample we used a competition CA in which the IB of a set amount of hhyaluronate was blocked by the addition of unlabeled hyaluronate by comparing the degree of competition of the unknown samples with that of known amounts of hyaluronate it was possible to determine the amount of hyaluronate in the unknowns we have found that this method is sensitive to microgram or less of hyaluronate and is unaffected by the presence of proteins
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pancreatic cancer the fourth leading cause of cancerassociated mortality in the united states usually presents in an advanced stage and is generally refractory to chemotherapy as such there is a great need for novel therapies for this disease the naturally derived isoprenoids perillyl alcohol FOH and geraniol have chemotherapeutic potential in pancreatic and other tumor types however their mechanisms of action in these systems are not completely defined in this study we investigated isoprenoid effects on the cell cycle and observed a similar antiproliferative mechanism of action among the three EDC first when given in combination the isoprenoids exhibited an additive antiproliferative effect against mia paca human pancreatic cancer cells furthermore all three EDC induced a gg cell cycle arrest that coincided with an increase in the expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor proteins pcip and pkip and a reduction in cyclin a cyclin b and cyclindependent kinase cdk protein C2 immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated increased association of both pcip and pkip with cdk as well as diminished cdk kinase activity T3 isoprenoid SE indicating a cell cycleinhibitory role for pcip and pkip in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells when sirna was used to inhibit expression of pcip and pkip proteins in mia paca cells conditional resistance to all three isoprenoid EDC was evident given similar findings in this cell line and in bxpc human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells we conclude that the chemotherapeutic isoprenoid EDC perillyl alcohol FOH and geraniol invoke a pcip and pkipdependent antiproliferative mechanism in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
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interleukin il and IFN have each shown antitumor activity in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma because animal studies suggest enhanced activity for the combination over each agent used alone this trial using a relatively lowdose outpatient regimen was undertaken il at a dose of x umday roche units was given by continuous intravenous infusion for days a week with interferonalphaa at a dose of x umday given by sc or im injection on days and of each treatment week one cycle consisted of consecutive weeks of treatment followed by a week rest period fourteen patients were entered in this study no complete or partial responses were seen one patient required dose reduction because of grade diarrhea and two patients had interruption of treatment because of centrallinerelated sepsis fatigue was common in all patients this lowdose combination regimen of il and IFN does not appear to be better than the single agents used alone in optimal dosage
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plants produce a plethora of volatile organic compounds vocs which are important in determining the quality and nutraceutical properties of horticultural food products including the taste and aroma of wine given that some of the most prevalent grape aroma constituents are terpenoids we investigated the possible variations in the relative expression of terpene synthase tps genes that depend on the organ we thus analysed mature leaves young leaves stems young stems roots rachis tendrils peduncles bud flowers flowers and berries of cv moscato bianco in terms of their voc content and the expression of tps genes in terms of the volatile characterization of the organs by spmegcms analysis flower buds and open flowers appeared to be clearly distinct from all the other organs analysed in terms of their high voc concentration qualitatively detected vocs clearly separated all the vegetative organs from flowers and berries then the roots and rachis from other vegetative organs and flowers from berries which confirms the specialization in volatile production among different organs our RT rtpcr results revealed that the majority of tps genes analysed exhibited detectable transcripts in all the organs investigated while only some were found to be expressed specifically in one or just a few organs in most cases we found that the known products of the in vitro CA of vvtps caring for a child
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nucleoside analogueinduced lactic acidosis is an often fatal condition in patients with hiv there is only one report of successful treatment with riboflavin we describe a yearold female with aids and nucleoside analogueinduced lactic acidosis that exacerbated shortly T3 introducing TPN and reversed within hours after the addition of thiamine successful treatment of nucleoside analogueinduced lactic acidosis with a high dose of B1 supports the hypothesis that vitamin deficiency is an important cofactor in the development of this rare and unpredictable condition in patients with hiv we suggest that high dose bvitamins should be given to any patient presenting with lactic acidosis under nucleoside analogue treatment
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introduction crosssectional and longitudinal studies in the GP have shown that a physically active lifestyle may have antiinflammatory endophytic fungus in the leaves of ginkgo biloba among the total twentyfive endophytic fungi isolated from the healthy leaves of g biloba the fermentation BB fb of the CS a was found potently LIA against r solani and s sclerotiorum using mycelia growth inhibition method a was then identified as nodulisporium sp the asexual stage of hypoxylon sp by microscopic examination and its rdna CS data comparison under the bioassayguided fractionation sporothriolide was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the fb of a whose structure was established by integrated interpretation of hresims and h and cnmr furthermore the crystal structure of sporothriolide was first reported in addition sporothriolide was validated to be potently antifungal against r solani s sclerotiorum and inhibit conidium germination of magnaporthe oryzae in vitro and in vivo indicating that it could be used as a lead compound for new fungicide development
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the hox paralogous genes play critical roles in kidney OD they are expressed in the early MM and are required for the induction of ureteric bud formation and its subsequent branching morphogenesis they are also required for the normal nephrogenesis response of the MM to inductive signals from the ureteric bud in this report we use microarrays to perform a comprehensive gene expression analysis of the hoxahoxd mutant kidney phenotype we examined e e e and e developmental time points a novel high throughput strategy for validation of microarray data is described using additional biological replicates and an independent microarray platform the results identified genes with greater than fold change in expression in early mutant kidneys including hoxas gata tgfbeta chemokine ligand angiotensin receptor like cytochrome p cadherin and lymphocyte antigen complex iroquois est acrik meox prkcn and slca of interest many of these genes and others showing lower fold expression changes have been connected to processes that mtack in light of these cases we review the literature for the etiology clinical and laboratory findings and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease
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the importance of substratemediated adsorbateadsorbate interactions on electronic states has been demonstrated for au dimers on nial with a scanning tunneling microscope and DFT an unoccupied resonance observed in single au atoms splits into a doublet in au dimers the SE splitting depends inversely on the distance between the two adatoms revealing the relative importance of direct and substratemediated interactions spatially resolved conductance measurements of au dimers reveal the symmetric and antisymmetric characters of the doublet states
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the purpose was to evaluate histological changes of the SS tendon ssp T3 refixation under continuous growth factor application over days in comparison to the native healing process in a chronic rat tendon tear MM rproteins expression zo claudin jama has been analyzed by immunohistochemistry on thyroid slices and by western blot on membrane proteins extracted from thyrocytes of patients suffering from graves and hashimoto diseases the high expression of junction proteins we found on GD thyroid slices as well as in cell membrane extracts acknowledges the tightness of thyroid follicular cells in this aitd in contrast the reduced expression of jam and zo in thyroid cells from patients suffering from hashimoto thyroiditis is in PA with the loss of thyroid follicular cell integrity that occurs in this pathology concerning the effects on epithelium integrity of tsh and of the Th1 cytokine ilβ in primary cultures of human thyroid cells tsh appeared able to modify jama localization but without any change in the expression levels of jama claudin and zo inversely ilβ provoked a decrease in the expression of and a RD of both claudin and zo without modifying the expression and subcellular CSD patterns of jama in thyroid cells these results demonstrate i that hashimotos and graves diseases display different junction proteins expression patterns with a loss of epithelium integrity in the former and ii that ilβ modifies thyroid epithelial tightness of human thyrocytes by altering the expression and localization of junction proteins therefore ilβ could play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity
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the ability of a virus to attach to a susceptible host cell is of utmost importance for the initiation of viral life cycle cell surface proteins called viral receptors mediate the initial steps of virus att and uptake poliovirus pv is one of the most studied animal viruses and its interaction with its cellular receptor the human poliovirus receptor hpvr has been well characterized this review will present our current understanding of the pvhpvr interaction at the genetic and biochemical level in addition we will also discuss the implications of the pvhpvr interaction on pv tissue tropism and the evolution of the three pv serotypes
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a yearold male was admitted complaining of nonproductive cough and dyspnea on exertion death occurred eight months T3 ON of the symptoms autopsy examination showed that the pulmonary trunk and left MPA were markedly dilated and completely occluded by a tumor the tumor had infiltrated into the left upper lobe and mediastinal CL NO and M1 nodules were found in both lungs and in the left adrenal gland small foci of infarction were noted in the lower lobes of both lungs the RT cells were of two types pleomorphic spindle cells and bizarre multinucleated giant cells IHC they were positive for vimentin S1 and lysozyme but negative for desmin and musclespecific actin the cytoplasm of the RT cells was showed by electron microscopy to contain microfilaments dense bodies and pinocytotic LDV we diagnosed this case as undifferentiated sarcoma of the pulmonary artery approximately cases of pulmonary i.a. sarcoma have been reported histopathologically almost all of the reported cases showed both spindle cells and pleomorphic giant cells indicating a biologically anaplastic neoplasm
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circulatory ferritin concentration varies with age sex and body composition studies that determine the relationship of different body weight measurements with plasma FER concentration in adolescents are lacking a descriptive crosssectional design was utilized data collection involved selfreporting demographics blood samples and body composition measures for a sample of healthy jordanian adolescents FER deficiency was observed in of the T0 population simple linear regression showed that bmi gender location and smoking status and respectively associated positively with plasma ferritin level p after controlling for gender location and smoking status additional hierarchal MLR showed that bmi explained of plasma FER p however the obesitystratified hierarchal MLR showed that bmi explained of plasma FER in the overweight and obese hi adolescents p but not in the under and normal weight lo adolescents p T3 controlling for gender location and smoking status the ancova showed that plasma ferritin level was greater p in the hi ± versus the lo ± obesity group our results indicated that normal FER level among obese people does not necessarily indicate normal iron storage
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determination of the biomechanical properties of soft tissues such as tendons and ligaments is dependent on the accurate measurement of their crosssectional area csa measurement methods whiith severe primary igf deficiency or for patients with gh gene deletion who have developed neutralizing antibodies to gh it has been shown to increase growth velocity in children with either condition in the past there have been adverse events particularly hypoglycemia reported with the administration of mecasermin however a recent report of longterm therapy with mescasermin in children with severe igfi deficiency has concluded that although AEs are common they are rarely severe enough to interrupt or modify treatment the SS halflife of mecasermin is shorter in patients with gh insensitivity syndrome and low serum levels of its IB protein the insulinlike growth factor IB protein igfbp and acidlabile subunit compared with the serum halflife in NV or in patients with an igf gene deletion who have normal levels of igfbp mecasermin rinfabate a complex of rhigfi and rhigfbp appears to prolong the SS halflife and might counteract acute adverse events particularly hypoglycemia associated with the administration of mescasermin mecasermin rinfabate however is no longer available in the usa or europe for treating conditions involving SS because of a legal requirement mecasermin has been shown to be ERP in increasing HV and AD height in patients with severe gh resistance and in igf gene deletion there has been some interest in using mecasermin to treat patients with partial gh resistance or ISS at the present time the data are insufficient to make this recommendation
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to evaluate the prognostic roles of quantitative ct and pulmonary function tests and to assess the association of dynamic CS and ventilation heterogeneity during unassisted spontaneous breathing with day survival in patients with paraquat poisoning
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glyoxalase ii the second of two enzymes in the glyoxalase system is a thiolesterase that catalyses the hydrolysis of sdlactoylglutathione to form glutathione and dlactic acid
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a casecontrol study of PLC plc was conducted in at fusui county guangxi province there were plc cases and agesexresidence matched controls there were no difference of age sex race cultural level marital stated recurrent synaptic potentials in of MNs however cnqx microm in the presence of str and BIC virtually abolished the synaptic potential remaining after application of the inhibitory CAA antagonists it is concluded that VP root stimulation evokes a small excitatory amino acidmediated synaptic potential in neonatal rat MNs an antidromic synaptic potential due to electrotonic coupling between MNs was unaffected by changes in membrane potential chloride loading or antagonists of glycine gaba excitatory amino acid and acetylcholine receptors the results suggest that a major portion of the strychnineresistant component of the ipsp is mediated by a gabaergic mechanism it is concluded that both glycinergic and gabaergic mechanisms play a role in recurrent inhibition of MNs in the mammalian spinal cord it is unknown whether these GABA amino acids are released by a single pool of renshaw cells or by neurochemically distinct populations
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previously we demonstrated that escape from vasopressininduced antidiuresis vasopressin escape in rats is associated with a large selective decrease in whole kidney expression of aquaporin the vasopressinregulated water channel here we show that isolated perfused IM collecting ducts imcds from vasopressinescape rats desaminodargininevasopressin ddavpwaterloaded have dramatically reduced vasopressindependent osmotic water permeabilities of control rats ddavp CT which coincides with a fall in inner medullary aquaporin protein abundance as measured by immunoblotting in the opposite kidney furthermore we demonstrate in imcd suspensions that camp accumulation in response to ddavp is substantially reduced in the vasopressinescape rats both in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibmx by immunoblotting we show that the abundance of two proteins important in camp generation the stimulatory heterotrimeric g protein subunit gs and aca type vi do not NC we conclude that vasopressin escape is associated with relative vasopressin resistance of the collecting duct cells manifested by decreased intracellular camp C2 the decreased camp levels can contribute to the demonstrated decrease in collecting duct Lp in two ways by causing a decrease in aquaporin expression and by limiting the acute action of vasopressin to increase collecting duct water permeability
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we examine cultural mainly east and west differences in the functions and contents of autobiographical memory we discuss how cultural differences in physical environments selfviews the motivation to selfenhance concerns for behavioral and emotional regulation socialization and language affect the contents and use of memory cultural influences take place at the individual level of cognitive schemata and memory strategies as well as the interpersonal sphere of daily mnemonic practices and exchanges AM is categorically cultural
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to determine whether the NS receives overlapping projections from two somatosensory cortical Az the anterograde tracers biotinylated dextran amine bda and fluororuby fr were injected into the whisker representations of primary si and AA sii somatosensory SC reconstructions of labeled terminals and their beaded varicosities in the neostriatum and TH were analyzed quantitatively to compare the extent of overlapping projections to both subcortical structures corticostriatal projections from focal sites in both somatosensory areas exhibited substantial amounts of divergence within the dorsolateral NS most of the labeled terminals were concentrated in densely packed arborizations that occupied lamellarshaped regions along the DL edge of the neostriatum tracer injections in both cortical Az also produced dense anterograde and VA labeling in the thalamus especially in the ventrobasal complex vb and in the medial part of the posterior pom nucleus because these thalamic regions are topographically organized and have reciprocal connections with corresponding representations in both si and sii the amount of labeled overlap in the thalamus was used to indicate the degree of somatotopic correspondence at the si and sii injection sites we found that the proportion of overlapping projections to the NS was moderately correlated with the amount of overlap observed in the thalamus this result strongly indicates that specific sites in the dorsolateral NS receive convergent projections from corresponding somatotopic representations in si and sii but also suggests that some of the corticostriatal divergence may reflect neostriatal integration of somatosensory information from noncorresponding representations in si and sii
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in vitro reaction of dna with styreneoxide styrene oxide produced five adducts as determined by ppostlabeling when SO was reacted in vitro with deoxyribonucleotides five adducts were observed from deoxyguanosinemonophosphate two from deoxyadenosinemonophosphate none from deoxythymidinemonophosphate or deoxycytidinemonophosphate chromatographic comparison of the adducts formed in dna with those formed with the deoxyribonucleotides suggests that deoxyguanosine is the primary site of dna modification treatment of l cells with mm SO resulted in the formation of several dna adducts as detected by the postlabeling procedure our results indicate that ppostlabeling can be used to investigate dna adducts formed by styrene oxide
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activation of βadrenegic receptor βar leads to an increase in intracellular camp and activation of erk these two signals are activated by the interaction of the receptor with different transducer partners we showed that the intrinsic MICs of βar ligands for stimulating camp production and erk phosphorylation responses in hek cells were not correlated the lack of rho resulted mainly from the discrepancy between the intrinsic activities of two groups of ligands for these two responses the first group consisted of clenbuterol cimaterol procaterol and terbutaline which acted as full agonists for camp production but displayed very weak effect on erk phosphorylation the second group comprised adrenaline and noradrenaline which displayed higher alpha for the erk phosphorylation than for the camp response thus both CG behaved as functionally selective ligands the functional selectivity of the G1 was observable only in Ad cells when confluence was approximately when cellcell contact was minimized either by decreasing the density of the Ad cells or by bringing the cells into suspension the G1 of ligands gained the ability to stimulate erk phosphorylation without a NC in their effect on camp production in contrast selectivity of the second group was independent of the adherence state of the cells our results show that the inherent bias of ligands in coupling a g proteincoupled receptor to different transducers may not always be revealed as functional selectivity when there is a crosstalk between the signaling pathways G1 by the same receptor
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immobilized derivatives of soybean peroxidase covalently bound to a glass support were used in a continuous stirred tank reactor in series in order to study the removal of two phenolic compounds PH and chlorophenol the use of two reactors in series rather than one continuous tank improved the removal efficiencies of phenol and chlorophenol the distribution of different amounts of enzyme between the two tanks showed that the relative distributions influenced the removal efficiency reached and the degree of the enzyme deactivation the highest removal percentages were reached at the outlet of the second tank for a distribution of of the enzyme in each tank however with a CSD of in the first tank and in the second the elimination percentage in the second tank was slightly lower than in the previous case and the effects of deactivation of the enzyme in the first tank were less pronounced in all the distributions assayed it was observed that the first tank acts as a filter for the second one which receives a feed with a smaller load of phenolic compounds thus diminishing enzyme deactivation in the second tank
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a total of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis rrms documented in a clinical database have been analysed for comparison of treatment effects of first line immunomodulating therapies during follow up for months the reduction of relapse rates was evaluated in a retrospective and openlabel clinical study by comparing the efficacy of interferon infbetaa im avonex infbetab sc betaferon infbetaa microg sc rebif and GA ga copaxone in patients with rrms enhanced disability status score edss who have been treated for at least months compared with baseline relapse rate was reduced to a comparable extend after month treatment with all regimen for all drugs the effect on the relapse rate was sustained over months there was no superiority of one of the infbeta preparations concerning reduction of relapse rate after and months however reduction was significantly higher for patients treated with ga compared with all beta interferons p in addition the discontinuation rate within months was significantly lower for ga despite some limitations of the T0 design the results provide helpful clinical information regarding the tau of immunomodulatory therapies in early stages of rrms patients in a clinical setting
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nanofibers with ordered inorganic NPs inside are great interesting for their potential applications in biomedical and photonics in this work yardlongbean shaped nanofibers were fabricated by the combined technology of surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization atrp and coaxial electrospinning process initially the coreshell nanospheres were prepared by surfaceinitiated atrp of glycidyl methacrylate gma from Si NPs with atrp initiators on surface subsequent coaxial electrospinning allows prepare crosslinked nanofibers with a linearsingleparticlearray structure removal of the inorganic cores gave rise to nanofibers with uniformly dispersedclosepore structure which would be useful to drug delivery and catalyst carrying
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a gla prothrombin adsorbable onto barium oxalate and containing an admixture of one and twochain molecules has been purified from the plasma of steers on a dicoumarol regimen for three years doublechain molecules were ND in any of our six other variants containing zero to nine gla residues in this doublechain variant the peptide bond between argasn appears to be missing as the preparation showed aminoterminal alanine and aspartic acid and released both double and singlechain f upon digestion with thrombin the M(r) of the f and its heavy chain were and daltons respectively the doublechain variant was similar to its singlechain counterpart malhotra op thromb res in that it a yielded thrombin equivalent to of normal in three hr b moved in the alpha region in the absence of calcium ions and between the alpha and alpha macroglobulins in the presence of calcium ions c contained five gammacarboxyglutamyl residues gla and d showed comparable antigenic activity with normal prothrombin
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reduced C2 of GBA are present in schizophrenia and BP disorder patients in the same disorders increased neuronal calcium sensor protein ncs expression was reported in a series of postmortem studies these disorders are also characterized by sleep dysregulation suggesting a role for the reticular activating system ras the discovery of gammaband activity in the PPN nucleus ppn the cholinergic arm of the ras revealed that such activity was mediated by highthreshold calcium channels that are regulated by ncs we hypothesized that ncs normally regulates gammaband oscillations through these calcium channels and that excessive C2 of ncs such as would be expected with overexpression decrease GBA we found that ppn SN in rat BB slices manifested gammaband oscillations that were increased by low levels of ncs but suppressed by high C2 of ncs our results suggest that ncs overexpression may be responsible for the decrease in GBA present in at least some schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients
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using a standardized MM of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock induced by massive splenic injury msi we compared bolus infusion of ringers lactate rl and hypertonic saline hts combined with splenectomy to continuous infusion of these solutions and splenectomy in rats
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whole body vibration wbv has been suggested ashe risk of tissue plasminogen activatorinduced hemorrhagic transformation following ICM stroke in mice in the T0 we further explored whether melatonin would reduce postischemic neurovascular oxidativenitrosative damage and therefore improve preservation of the early increase in the bbb permeability at hr after transient focal cerebral ischemia for min in mice melatonin mgkg or VH was given intraperitoneally at the beginning of reperfusion hydroethidine het in situ detection and immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine were used to evaluate postischemic accumulation in ROS and nitrogen species respectively in the ICM neurovascular unit bbb permeability was evaluated by spectrophotometric and microscopic quantitation of evans blue leakage relative to controls melatonintreated animals not only had a significantly reduced superoxide accumulation in neurovascular units in boundary zones of infarction by reducing and cytosolic Ox het in intensity and cellexpressing percentage respectively p but also exhibited a reduction in nitrotyrosine by p additionally melatonintreated animals had significantly reduced early postischemic disruption in the bbb permeability by p thus melatonin reduced postischemic oxidativenitrosative damage to the ischemic neurovascular units and improved the preservation of bbb permeability at an EP following transient focal CBF ischemia in mice the findings further highlight the ability of melatonin in anatomical and functional preservation for the ischemic neurovascular units and its relevant potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke
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feii sorption edges and isotherms have been measured on low structural fecontent MMT stx and high structural fecontent MMT swy under anoxic o ppm and strongly reducing conditions eh v under anoxic conditions feii sorption on swy was significantly higher than on stx whereas the sorption under reducing conditions was essentially the same the uptake behavior of feii on stx under all redox conditions eh to v and swy under reducing conditions eh v was consistent with previous measurements made on other divalent transition metals all of the sorption data could be modeled with the twosite protolysis nonelectrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange spne scce sorption model including an additional surface complexation reaction for feii which involved the surface oxidation of ferrous iron surface complexes â¡sswofe to ferric iron surface complexes â¡sswofe on both the strong and weak sites the electron acceptor sites on the MMT are postulated to be the structural feiii
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the aim of this T0 was to compare the effectiveness of idf international diabetes federation and atpiii national cholesterol education programadult treatment panel iii for predicting metabolic syndrome and to evaluate the usefulness of these definitions for HP
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VATS vats was considered the gold standard approach in recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax with unanimous consensus of opinions the CEA in the surgical treatment of recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax psp was carried out comparing vats with musclesparing axillary minithoracotomy msam
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many of the sexdifferentiated functions of the CL of AD male rats depend upon the occurrence of neonatal androgen imprinting a brief surge of androgen early in life we investigated whether androgen imprinting is necessary for the development and maintenance of C2 of a microsomal enzyme estrogenhydroxylase ehase and a malespecific cytosolic estrogen binder meb which are higher in adult male than in AD female rats cimetidine a weakly antiandrogenic h blocker was administered to Pr and lactating rats from day of gestation through weaning on day livers of male progeny days of age were assayed for eohase and meb activity a maternal dose equivalent to times the usual human dose inhibited meb activity in the levels of the offspring by but had no effect on eohase however a higher dose times the human dose was effective in reducing the eohase activity by rats whose mothers had received either no drug or an equivalent dose of RAN another h blocker without antiandrogenic activity were used as controls the CG were not different in hepatic cytosolic androgen receptor content body weight or ST in other studies the requirement of neonatal androgen imprinting for full expression of AD C2 of meb and eohase was determined female rats which have low C2 of eohase and undetectable levels of meb were given androgen on day on day after ovariectomy or at both times levels of eohase equivalent to those in AD males were induced in females receiving both androgen treatments whereas either treatment CT induced eohase to the level of that in males castrated at adulthood or neonatally which is about that in normal male controls in addition meb C2 were induced in females to of that in normal males by both androgen treatments and to by administration of androgen to AD females or to AD males castrated neonatally administration of androgen to females during the neonatal period only did not induce meb we conclude that both meb and eohase require androgen imprinting for full expression in adult male rats
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a part of mouse zfy CS was synthesized and used to screen a genomic library of the spinous countryrat tokudaia osimensis spp n an isolated clone had the CT region of zfy which consisted of bp encoded amino acid residues ae delta mutants the small IB affinity of deltakk with mniilmalate was TPS with additional deletion at positions andor the deltakk deltakgkg or deltakkg mutants exhibited similar kinetic properties for the wild type the lysine residues at the positions or seem to be crucial for the correct active site conformation the results indicate that the nterminus of ME is located at the mniilmalate binding domain of the active center and is also near the subunits interface these results were interpreted with our asymmetric doubledimer model for the enzyme in which the nterminus was involved in the headtotail monomermonomer interactions but not the dimerdimer interactions
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the effects of dietary calcium magnesium and butterfat on intestinal CF and flora in rats initiated with dimethylhydrazine dmh were studied male weanling rats were assigned to six isocaloric diets that varied in their levels of calcium and magnesium ca with mg ca with mg or ca with mg and butterfat or onehalf of the rats in each treatment were injected subcutaneously with dmh weekly for four weeks this ST SE to dmh increased Tc Orn decarboxylase odc activity and the mass of cecal contents ingestion of the high C2 of either calcium or magnesium depressed colonic odc activity and depressed apparent absorption of organic matter calcium magnesium and phosphorus ingestion of excess magnesium increased the mass of the cecal contents by twofold caused hypertrophy of cecal walls and increased the total amount of protein and total nitroreductase and betaglucuronidase activity in the ceca of rats ingestion of supplemental calcium had less dramatic effects and increased the mass of cecal contents by only and decreased the total amount of protein in the ceca on the basis of their different effects on cecal microflora magnesium appears to have less potential than does calcium as a protective agent against CC
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intravaginal ring technology is generally limited to releasing low molecular weight species that can diffuse through the ring elastomer to increase the diversity of drugs that can be delivered from intravaginal rings we designed an ivr that contains a drug matrix encapsulated in the core of the ivr whereby the mechanism of drug PR is uncoupled from the interaction of the drug with the ring elastomer we call the device a flux controlled pump and it is comprised of compressed pellets of a mixture of drug and hydroxypropyl cellulose within the hollow core of the ring the pump orifice size and chemistry of the CP pellets control the rate of hydration and diffusion of the drugcontaining HPC gel from the device a mechanistic MM describing the hydration and diffusion of the HPC matrix is presented good PA between the quantitative model predictions and the exp studies of drug PR was obtained we achieved controlled release rates of multiple antiretrovirals ranging from μgd to mgd by altering the orifice design drug loading and mass of pellets loaded in the device this device could provide an adaptable platform for the vaginal drug delivery of many molecules
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the nadphdependent ogenerating oxidase in subcellular fractions from the neutrophils of three male patients with CGD was compared with the corresponding S9 from normal neutrophils the oxidase from normal neutrophils contained flavin adenine dinucleotide in an approximately molar ratio with cytochrome b each of the three chronic granulomatous disease patients had decreased amounts of the flavoprotein component of the oxidase fraction the oxidase from two chronic granulomatous disease patients had undetectable amounts of cytochrome b whereas the third patient had a normal content of cytochrome b which was spectrally indistinguishable from the normal the intrinsic cytochrome b in the oxidase fraction from stimulated neutrophils of the latter chronic granulomatous disease patient was not reduced by nadph under anaerobic conditions in distinction with the previously reported reduction of the normal cytcomparison of human sera tested by the immunofluorescent and paper enzymelinked immunosorbent assays against a threeantigen pool of the karp kato and gilliam strains of r tsutsugamushi demonstrated an agreement of the sensitivity of the paper enzymelinked immunosorbent assay as compared to immunofluorescence was and the specificity was
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the metalorganic FR milal was tested for selective adsorption and separation of xylenes and ethylbenzene ethyltoluenes and cymenes using batch pulse chromatographic and breakthrough experiments in all conditions tested mil has the largest affinity for the orthoisomer among each group of alkylaromatic EDC separations of the orthocompounds from the other isomers can be realized using a column packed with mil crystallites as evidenced by rietveld refinements TPS interactions of the xylenes with the pore walls of mil determine selectivity in comparison with the structurally similar metalorganic framework mil the selectivities among alkylaromatics found for mil are different separation of ethyltoluene and cymene isomers is more effective on mil than on mil the pores of mil seem to be a more suitable environment for hosting the larger ethyltoluene and cymene isomers than those of mil
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the aim of this work was to develop a method for the characterization and determination of diuretics in human urine samples by liquid chromatography lc coupled to pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization es mass spectrometry ms the diuretics studied were substances forbidden by the ioc such as trichlormethiazide furosemide canrenoic acid benzthiazide bendroflumethiazide bumetanide etacrynic acid and spironolactone for this purpose the operational parameters of electrospray such as counter electrode voltage capillary voltage sample cone voltage and source temperature were optimized in order to obtain the best signal stability and the highest sensitivity for the greatest number of diuretic agents the optimized separation method was successfully coupled with the ms system to analyze the abovementioned diuretics extracted from spiked urine samples by a liquid extraction and cleanup procedure at basic ph using EA as solvent and the saltingout effect nacl the mass spectra obtained provide adequate information for identification purposes positive urine samples obtained from athletes were also analyzed the presence of these substances in human urine was confirmed by this method making lcesms an analytical tool to be considered in the area of antidoping control
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in recent years immunotherapybased approaches for treating alzheimers disease have become the subject of intensive research however an important mechanisticrelated safety concern is exacerbation of the risk of microhemorrhage that may be associated with fast removal of amyloidβ aβ deposits found in blood vessels or brain parenchyma rapid in vivo detection of microhemorrhages in living amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice has not been described and histological analysis can take several months before this risk is assessed aged transgenic mice were divided into two groups that would undergo longitudinal passive immunotherapy for or weeks g a nonselective antiaβ monoclonal antibody and f a more selective antioligomeric aβ monoclonal antibody were examined in both longitudinal studies highresolution tweighted magnetic resonance microscopy à à μm was used for microhemorrhage PCD in vivo CBF microhemorrhages by magnetic resonance imaging were compared with histological hemosiderin staining in each animal results showed that tweighted MRM can reliably detect microhemorrhages of ⥠μm in diameter at baseline and T3 to weeks of treatment in the same animals in vivo this correlated significantly with histological readings this new imaging safety biomarker can be readily applied to preclinical antibody screening in a longitudinal manner g and f however both increased microhemorrhage incidence in aged amyloid F0 protein transgenic mice compared with their baseline and vehicle treatment a highly selective antibody for soluble aβ is needed to address the question of whether antibodies that do not bind to deposited aβ have microhemorrhage liability
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the comparative study of the human tumour cell L1 hela and rat liver sections for the detection of antinuclear antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence technique demonstrates the superiority of hela ML in sensitivity and specificity use of monolayers is essential for the diagnosis of antinucleolar and anticentromere ana specificities and permits differentiation between antismrnp antissb and antiscl ana profiles are evaluated in sera of patients with different forms of LE and scleroderma and in sera of healthy subjects
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adapting the paradigm developed by richard lazarus parenting AS and coping were studied among mothers of yearold children n with different PS of minimal brain dysfunction mbd hyperkinesis perceptual or motor deficits learning disabilities or speech disorders and among mothers of nondisabled children n matched for age sex social status of the family and marital status mothers of children with mbd were found to experience more parenting difficulties and more negative cognitive appraisals of their stakes in parenting than their matched controls the mothers of children with hyperkinesis and perceptual or motor deficits considered their mastery lower and experienced less positive affects than their matched controls the mothers of children with speech disorders experienced less positive affects than their matched controls mothers of children with both few and several symptoms experienced more parenting difficulties in the child domain than their matched controls mothers of children with several PS considered their mastery lower and experienced less positive affects mothers of children with few symptoms appraised their stakes in parenting more negatively than their matched controls no significant differences were found between mothers of children with mbd with few and several symptoms
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a test procedure was developed and verified to measure the airborne concentrations of particles of different sizes μm within the vicinity of a dropped container when a significant portion of the tungsten oxide powder simulating uranium oxide is ejected from the container tests were carried out in a fullscale SS environmental chamber with an interior volume of m thirtytwo drop tests were performed covering variations in dropping height room air movement landing scenario and lid condition assuming a BR of mhr the uptake factor during the first min was calculated to be between à and à in REF to the amount loaded or between à and à in REF to the amount spilled results provide previously unavailable data for estimating the SE and associated risk to building occupants in the case of an accidental dropping of heavy powder containers the test data show that for spills larger than g the powerlaw rho between the spill uptake factor and the spilled mass ie suf à à spillmass established from the test data is smaller and a more accurate estimate than the constant value of assumed in the department of energy nuclear material psi manual supplementary materials are available for this article go to the publishers online edition of journal of occupational and environmental hygiene for the following free supplementary resource an online supplementary table of all cumulative uptake amounts at min for all test data
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SS metal levels and their ratios are frequently reported to be good signals for diagnosing various diseases these parameters are not always TPS to the disease however it is necessary to use other serum parameters for an exact diagnosis we examined whether the monitoring of these SS parameters such as metallothionein copper and zinc C2 are useful in diagnosing hepatic disorders metallothionein C2 of patients with LC and hepatocellular carcinoma were found to be significantly lower than those of patients with chronic SH and those of controls in contrast copper C2 of the patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC carcinoma were significantly higher than those with chronic SH and controls zinc levels of the patients with chronic hepatitis and HCC carcinoma were lower than those of controls using these three parameters we are introducing a new parameter cuznmt by which we can discriminate between patients in the controlmiscellaneous diseaseschronic hepatitis group and those in the CL cirrhosishepatocellular carcinomal group the new parameter does not however allow us to clearly distinguish between the CL cirrhosis and HCC carcinoma groups multivariate discriminant analysis was found to be very useful with combinations of two discriminant functions having been designed to discriminate both between CH and LC and between CL cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma this method recognizes the differences between hepatic disorder including chronic hepatitis LC and hepatocellular carcinoma CG on the basis of these results we propose here that the diagnosis of hepatic disorders should be made based on a combination of three SS levels such as those of metallothionein copper and zinc
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hepatic carcinoid tumors are very uncommon most are clinically nonfunctional and very few present with the PS of carcinoid syndrome acthproducing carcinoid tumors most commonly originate in the lung or thymus and present insidiously with bronchospasm andor chest mass occasionally ectopic acth syndromes have been reported in association with pancreatic islet cell PT medullary thyroid cancer pheochromocytoma smallcell lung carcinoma and rarely ovarian and prostate PT we report here a patient with an ectopic acthsecreting primary hepatic carcinoid tumor who presented with cushingoid appearance profound proximal muscle weakness severe LE edema and markedly elevated UFC acth levels were in the low normal range a solitary vascular hepatic lesion was found on magnetic resonance imaging which was isodense with the surrounding CL on octreotide scan and photopenic on an fluorodeoxyglucose fdgpositron emission tomography pet scan following surgical resection of the hepatic tumor histopathology confirmed an acthsecreting NE tumor net the patient had CR resolution of hypercortisolemic symptoms and remains in remission now yr after hepatic tumor resection this case reports the first acthsecreting primary hepatic net presenting as ectopic cushings syndrome interesting aspects of this case include the presence of a PIT incidentaloma the low normal acth and photopenia on fdgpet imaging
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the tandem use of hydrophilic interaction lc columns with rp columns in series configuration has resulted in the PR of both polar and nonpolar components in complex biological samples mouse SS in a single analysis this RPA successfully coupled various columns with orthogonal separation characteristics employed a single solvent gradient program compatible with the two columns and used esi coupled to a tof mass spectrometer for detection ion suppression a common problem in esi was virtually eliminated for components eluting with apparent capacity factors retention time reproducibility with the tandem columns performed over three days with over injections was comparable to that observed for single columns CT this method was applied to the analysis of a pooled IMS sample and afforded highly reproducible data for up to mass spectral features this approach was implemented with a conventional lcms system and should find broad applicability in the comprehensive analysis of complex mixtures containing a wide range of compound polarities
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these experiments compared potentialoperated calcium channel CF in smooth muscle from SHRSP rats shrsp and normotensive WK wky i.c. strips from AD male shrsp and wky rats were suspended in tissue baths for isometric force recording contractile force was expressed as percent of response to mmoll kcl vascular strips from shrsp were more CS to kcl ed mmoll compared to strips from wky rats ed mmoll the calcium channel agonist bay k x to x moll produced tonic contractions in i.c. strips from shrsp of the contractile response to mmoll kcl but not in those from wky rats incubation of V1 strips in or x mmolsl norepinephrine did not alter the maximal contractile response to bay k in either CS of rats in mmoll kcl the maximal contractile response to bay k was increased in both shrsp and wky rats in mmoll kcl maximal contractile responses to bay k in the two strains were similar shrsp wky removal of the EC did not significantly affect contractile responses to bay k in either CS of rats there were no differences in contractile responses to the calcium ionophore a or in nifedipineinduced EC50 of potassiumactivated vessels between CAs from shrsp and wky rats in summary these results suggest that a difference in voltageoperated calcium channel function may underlie the increased sensitivity of shrsp vascular smooth muscle to ON stimuli
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FC techniques usually employed to characterize cellular populations are reported here to be a valuable tool to RPA the T0 of subcellular organelle functioning chromaffin LG rendered fluorescent by using an antibody against their membrane protein synaptophysin are detectable by FC moreover these storage LG are able to transport the fluorescent atp analogue epsilonatp nethenoadenosine triphosphate and the resulting granular fluorescence increase can also be followed by this technique the saturation studies show a nonhyperbolic kinetic behaviour with a two step curve the k values were and mm and hill numbers and respectively in addition an unexpected granular size increase which was dependent on the epsilonatp concentration occurred together with the fluorescence increase other nucleotide triphosphate substrates of vatpase such as atp or gtp but not the nonhydrolyzable analogue atp gamma s adenosine othiotriphosphate mimic this effect which exhibited sigmoidal saturation curves with k values of and mm for atp and epsilonatp respectively the vatpase inhibitors suramin egta or edta significantly reduced the granular size increase in the presence of atp extragranular addition of noradrenaline has no effect by itself on the granular size but significantly reduced the granular size increase induced by atp this effect was reversed by the amine transport inhibitor reserpine the granular size increase induced by atp was more ERP in the presence of cl than br or i moreover no increase occurred in the presence of f or acetate the cl channel blockers were poorly ERP and only phenylaminobenzoic acid dpc exhibited an effect on the atpinduced granular size increase
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menstrual regulation is a safe effective and economical method of fertility control its increased safety compared to first trimester abortion establishes MR by VA for treatment of up to days missed menstrual period as probably better medical practice than waiting to confirm the presence of a pregnancy because it is a postcontraceptive method menstrual regulation has potential in family planning services both as a recruitment service and for the treatment of contraceptive failures its use as an only method of fertility control is being studied the acceptance of this new FP service will primarily depend on its availability dissemination of information about the service and the ability of women freely to avail themselves of the service without delay although long term effects of single and repeated use of MR are not known its immediate complications are few and it can be recommended as a useful addition to present fertility control methods in FP programs
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the imaging performance of a storage phosphor system sps for digital projection radiography is studied in which the xray image is temporarily stored in a lightstimulable phosphor plate which is subsequently read out by a scanning laser beam the imaging performance of this system has been analyzed for two types of imaging plates the spatial resolution is described by the modulation transfer function and the signaltonoise sn ratios of the recorded image data are measured in terms of noiseequivalent quanta and detective quantum efficiency their dependence on detector entrance dose and spatial frequency is discussed a detailed analysis of the different sources of image noise is given to outline the intrinsic features and limits of the system finally the sn behavior of the sps is compared with published data of screenfilm systems
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Pr rats were maintained on diets either adequate or deficient in vitamin d on the th day of gestation animals were either nephrectomized bilaterally or sham operated immediately therafter four groups of nephrectomized or shamoperated Pr rats received iv hhydroxyvitamin d hohd while two groups received hcd the animals were sacrificed h later the CSD of the radiolabeled metabolites of vitamin d was determined in extracts of maternal plasma maternal intestinal tract placentae and fetuses T3 sephadex lh column chromatography both vitamin d and ohd crossed the placenta and entered the fetus in anephric animals receiving hohd dihydroxyvitamin d and a polar peak eluting in the position of dihydroxyvitamin d ohd and dihydroxyvitamin d were identified in extracts of maternal plasma and intestinal tracts and of placentae and fetuses the identities of dihydroxyvitamin d and ohd were confirmed by OHP liquid chromatography in rats receiving hcd approximately of the polar metabolite consisted of ohd we conclude that the anephric pregnant rat is able to synthesize ohd that the fetal portion of the fetoplacental unit is the most likely site of production of this hormone and that this metabolite of vitamin d is able to cross the placenta from the fetus to the mother
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twenty years of laser dermatology has resulted in current technology which allows variable spot sizes different wavelengths and a variety of effective cooling devices these developments have made the treatment of cutaneous pigmented and V1 lesions safe and efficacious by targeting selected chromophores while minimizing damage to the surrounding tissue vascular lesions are targeted by a variety of wavelength lasers including the ktp nm pulsed dye nm and the ndyag nm laser systems pigmented lesions may be treated with a wide variety of lasers due to the broad absorption spectrum of melanin intense pulsed light ipl with its widely adjustable parameters has established itself as a useful adjunctive for the treatment of a variety of pigmented and vascular lesions the purpose of this review article is to present the current treatment options for the common aesthetic complaints of pigmented and V1 lesions
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fifty percent of healthy SH b surface antigen carriers may have histologically proven chronic hepatitis our aim was to T0 the benefit of interferonalpha in healthy patients twentynine hepatitis b surface antigen carriers with normal liver enzymes and with serum hepatitis b virus dna were randomized into two CG GI patients treated with megaunits of interferon alphaa thrice weekly for six months and group ii CP a LB was obtained from each patient at study initiation a second biopsy was available in nine treated patients and six controls during treatment a significant increase in alanine amino transferase C2 was observed in treated patients as compared with the controls p after treatment transaminase levels decreased to normal values no differences between treated and control patients were observed in clearance of SH b virus markers a significant increase in the total histological activity index between base line and final liver biopsies was observed in treated patients p it is concluded that interferon alpha treatment may induce a biochemical and histological activation of MLD accordingly interferon alpha should not be administered to healthy SH b surface antigen carriers at least with the schedule used in this work
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rhinosporidiosis is a CGD endemic in india and sri lanka the causative microorganism rhinosporidium seeberi remains a poorly understood pathogen which has been described as an aquatic protistan parasite rhinosporidiosis presents as multiple polypoidal lesions affecting the mucosa of the nasal cavity nasopharynx and oropharynx intralaryngeal rhinosporidiosis is a rare entity and poses a challenge for management of the airway in this case report we highlight our technique in the management of the airway in a case of laryngeal rhinosporidiosis using a combination of fiberoptic bronchoscope and an endoscope the technique was atraumatic and also avoided the potential for autoinoculation which is a frequent cause of recurrence of this disease
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contrast echocardiography and VPI VC ultrasonography are useful techniques in diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation tr but are not helpful in estimating the severity using a computerized lightpen method for tracing the RA atrial ra border during systole and diastole in the apical chamber view singleplane volume determinations were calculated in normal subjects GI patients with atrial fibrillation af and no tr group ii patients with mitral stenosis and mild tr group iiia and patients with mitral stenosis and severe tr group iiib tr was quantitated as absent mild or severe by contrast RA VG the ra endsystolic volume was ml in GI patients ml in group ii patients ml in group iiia patients and ml in group iiib patients all groups versus group i p less than the mean ra emptying volume which equals ra endsystolic volumera EDV volume was for GI for group ii for group iiia and for group iiib all patients with severe tr but none of the patients with mild tr had an ra emptying volume greater than ml p less than in addition all patients in CG i and ii but only of patients in group iii had an ra emptying volume less than ml p less than the mean ra pressure measured at cardiac catheterization correlated with ra emptying volume r p less than thus ra emptying volume is useful for separating severe tr from mild tr in patients with mitral stenosis
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the aim of this study was to develop and validate the method of cynarin and luteolin the main constituents of artichoke cynara scolymus l leaf extract determination in plasma the EDC were separated using the highperformance liquid chromatography technique with diode array PCD hplcdad the analysis was preceded by liquidliquid SE using as the extracting agent ethyl acetate the hplc separation was performed on c column under gradient conditions using a mobile phase trifluoroacetic acid in water and methanol the detector was set at lambda nm the validation was related to linearity sensitivity lod and loq accuracy and repeatability in the validated method the linearity was achieved within concentration range microgcm for the cynarin r and microgcm for the luteolin r the limits of detection for cynarin and luteolin was microgcm and microgcm and the limits of quatification microgcm and microgcm respectively coefficient of R2 for the interday and the intraday analysis which is a precision and accuracy parameter do not exceed recovery was for the cynarin and for the luteolin the practical application of this method was proved by analysis of plasma samples from rats the animals were administrated artichoke leaf extract orally and intraperitoneally at a dose of gkg body weight or pure substances intraperitoneally at a dose mgkg of luteolin and mgkg of cynarin the presence of investigated compounds was proved only in samples after intraperitoneal administration of pure substances the developed method is used to determine simultaneously cynarin and luteolin after intraperitoneal administration of pure EDC
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doppler echocardiography provides direct hemodynamic data that are often cDNA to those demonstrated by mmode and 2DE imaging this relatively new noninvasive technique has a number of important uses in patients with VHD in both adults and children doppler measures of PF velocity through a stenotic valve allow accurate prediction of the pressure gradient across the valve and the technique has particular promise for screening patients with suspected aortic or pulmonic stenosis in patients with MS but parasternal SA images of limited quality doppler velocity measures can provide novel data about the pressure gradient and mitral orifice area doppler techniques can also provide direct evidence for or against the presence of valvular regurgitation and several approaches allow clinically useful estimation of the extent of aortic mitral or TR in patients with known disease of one cardiac valve doppler is accurate for evaluating the integrity of a second valve finally doppler techniques have great promise for defining the nature and perhaps the severity of suspected prosthetic valve malfunction hence we believe that doppler echocardiography should become a routine part of the noninvasive evaluation of patients with known or suspected valvular heart disease
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a kg warmblood horse with colic was anaesthetized for exploratory celiotomy anaesthesia was complicated by arterial hypoxaemia which persisted throughout surgery from the induction of anaesthesia after ET extubation in the REC box a degree of airway one probably occurred during a brief delay in nasotracheal intubation signs of pulmonary oedema were seen shortly afterwards furosemide and oxygen were given arterial hypoxaemia was present pao kpa mmhg when fio was an estimated the horse recovered and stood T3 minutes it was reanaesthetized days later when arterial blood gas analysis did not reveal hypoxaemia the horse was killed on this occasion postmortem examination revealed the presence of pulmonary oedema which probably resulted from multiple causes
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we previously reported that suppressive middle RL cutaneous reflexes mlrs in the peroneus longus pl are exaggerated in subjects with chronic ankle instability and the changes are related to functional instability however the timevarying history of these neurophysiological changes after an ankle sprain is yet to be elucidated therefore in the present study we investigated the time course of the changes in the pl mlr after an ankle sprain in relation to the number of sprain recurrences
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the threedimensional RTP system developed at the rhode island hospital visualizes the spatial interrelationships of the radiation beam the tumor and the adjacent organs within the patient it is possible to rotate and vary the scale of the display to better comprehend the extent of these structures by viewing the display as if from along the radiation beam one can design shaped treatment fields which best suit the threedimensional nature of the disease with this system it is possible to reduce the volume of normal tissue which would typically be irradiated if 2DE RTP techniques and assumptions were employed
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reduced tryptophan and increased KYN concentrations have been reported in patients with HIV-1 hiv infection from in vitro data it appears that activated indoleamine dioxygenase ido is involved in this metabolic change ido is inducible by interferonifngamma we compared SS concentrations of Th1 and neopterin the biosynthesis of which is also inducible by Th1 with SS tryptophan and kynurenine of patients with hiv infection Th1 neopterin and kynurenine C2 were significantly increased compared to hiv seronegative controls whereas tryptophan was significantly decreased various significant correlations were found between tryptophan kynurenine ifngamma and neopterin concentrations highest degree of rho was found between neopterin ifngamma and the KYN per tryptophan quotient which is the ratio between the product and the substrate concentration of ido the data indicate that decreased tryptophan in hiv seropositives may result from chronic immune activation and can be referred to increased activation of ido
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statins hmgcoa reductase inhibitors are the most commonly used lipid lowering drugs recent experimental evidence suggest that these agents appear to display additional cholesterol independent or pleiotropic effects contributing to prevention and inhibition of atherosclerosis in addition PCTs have demonstrated different effects of statins on diseases that are not directly related to accelerated atherosclerosis the statins V1 pleiotropic effects include improvement of EC function slowing the inflammation process inhibition of the thrombus formation enhancement of plaque stability and decreasing oxidative stress clinical benefits were observed with statins therapy for cardiovascular diseases ICM heart disease cerebral vascular accidents and IP AVD lately clinical trials have suggested their role in alzheimers disease multiple sclerosis malignant diseases OP chronic renal diseases transplantations macular degeneration and autoimmune diseases the objective of this review is to summarize the data related to the pleiotropic effects of the statin drugs beyond their lipid lowering effect
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some aspects regarding the etiology and the nosologic classification of various pregnancy dermatoses are highly controversial while some authors highlight the existence of premises allowing several skin disorders to be regrouped within broader disease concepts others underline the absence of clear undisputed etiopathogenetic data that could support such classifications this review exhaustively analyzes the various pregnancy dermatoses pemphigoid gestationis ICP impetigo herpetiformis polymorphic eruption of pregnancy and the papular dermatoses of pregnancy prurigo of pregnancy pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy and the new classification atopic eruption of pregnancy in an attempt to shed light over this confusing and disputed domain while subsequently offering an algorithmic RPA to their diagnosis and management while for pemphigus gestationis intrahepatic CP and impetigo herpetiformis TPS diagnostic tests such as histopathology immunofluorescence or laboratory investigations will confirm the diagnosis the ID of the other types of pregnancy dermatoses is based only on clinical criteria in this context the review argues for the inclusion of the whole group represented by the papular dermatoses of pregnancy within the broad spectrum of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy separating each of these entities by focusing on their onset earlyonset polymorphic eruption of pregnancy comprising prurigo of pregnancy pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy and atopic eruption of pregnancy and lateonset polymorphic eruption of pregnancy in light of the same practical RPA guiding it the review provides updated treatment strategies for each of these conditions
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microscopic polyangiitis mpa is a member of the family of ancaassociated vasculitides its characteristic histology shows a necrotizing small vessel vasculitis with little or absent immune deposits pauciimmune vasculitis in western countries mpa shows a lower prevalence than wegeners disease it affects more men than women and commences at the age of or years the two organs most typically involved and often defining prognosis are the kidneys and the lungs mpa may concomitantly or sequentially involve other organs such as the nervous system the skin the musculoskeletal system but also the HR the eye and the intestines treatment decisions should be based on severity and pattern of organ involvement and respect the five factor score ffs life or organ threatening disease is treated with glucocorticoids and pulse cyclophosphamide plasmapheresis and ivimmunoglobulins have been shown to be beneficial as additional measure in severe cases if renal function is preserved methotrexate may be considered to induce remission and if the ffs equals remission may be induced with glucocorticoid monotherapy MT is recommended with azathioprin mycophenolate mofetil may be used as a second line drug biologic agents such as monoclonal antibodies to tumor CN factor a and b cell depleting rituximab have been shown to bear remissioninducing SQ
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the review summarizes recent data on the structure and functions of the essential MLC the essential light chain of myosin is known to stabilize the arm consistent with the MM of the shift of the dynamic population of conformations the conformational flexibility of the essential CS chain of myosin is emphasized which opens the way to the determination of its novel functions the assumption is substantiated that the interaction between the CTD of the ELC and the nterminal subdomain of the heavy chain of S1 is involved in the coupling of atp hydrolysis and rotation of the arm the recent data indicate that the isoforms of the essential light chain with the additional NT peptide are capable of interacting with actin and the srchomologous domain of myosin the structural aspects of these interactions and the modulatory role of the isoforms of the ELC of myosin are discussed
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prospective randomized clinical trials that support operative correction of atherosclerotic RVD or catheterbased MI compared with optimal medical management are lacking despite various limitations in T0 design each of the five randomized trials reported to date had demonstrated no apparent benefit for renal i.a. MI compared with medical management three ongoing randomized trials promise to provide additional data and the results of these latter studies will likely dictate future reimbursement through the centers for medicare and medicaid services
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acute care hospitalization during or immediately following a medicare home health care hhc episode is a L1 adverse outcome but little has been published about hhc patientlevel risk factors for hospitalization the authors determined risk factors at hhc admission associated with subsequent acute care hospitalization in a nationally representative medicare patient sample n hospitalization was measured using medicare claims data risk factors were measured using outcome assessment and information set data seventeen percent of sample members were hospitalized multivariate LR analysis found that the most influential risk AF all p were skin wound as primary hhc diagnosis clinicianjudged guarded rehabilitation prognosis CHF as primary hhc diagnosis presence of depressive symptoms dyspnea severity and black compared to WG hhc initiatives that minimize chronic condition exacerbations and actively treat DS might help reduce medicare patient hospitalizations unmeasured reasons for higher hospitalization rates among black hhc patients deserve further investigation
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balkan endemic nephropathy ben has not been described in children however some previous studies of children from families with ben have revealed CA of the urinary tract including an increased urinary protein excretion
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factor b is a fivedomain kda serine protease proenzyme which is part of the human serum complement system it binds to other complement proteins cb and properdin and is activated by the protease factor d the fourth domain of factor b is homologous to the type a domain of von willebrand factor vwfa a fulllength human factor b cdna clone was used to amplify the region encoding the vwfa domain amino acids of factor b a fusion protein expression system was then used to generate it in high yield in escherichia coli where thrombin cleavage was used to separate the vwfa domain from its FP partner a second vwfa domain with improved stability and solubility was created using a cysser mutation and a fourresidue cterminal extension of the first vwfa domain the recombinant domains were investigated by analytical gel filtration SU density centrifugation and AUC in order to show that both domains were monomeric and possessed compact structures that were consistent with known vwfa crystal structures this expression system and its characterization permitted the first investigation of the function of the isolated vwfa domain it was able to inhibit substantially the IB of ilabelled factor b to immobilized B6 this demonstrated both the presence of a B6 IB site in this portion of factor b and a ligandbinding property of the vwfa domain the site at which factor d cleaves factor b is close to the nterminus of both recombinant vwfa domains factor d was shown to cleave the vwfa domain in the presence or absence of cb whereas the cleavage of intact factor b under the same conditions occurs only in the presence of cb
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mantle cell lymphoma mcl is an aggressive bcell nonhodgkin lymphoma frequently involved in the CL nodes bone marrow SP and gastrointestinal tract we examined the role of il in mcl human mcl cells expressed the membrane gp and soluble gp and some of them also secreted il NT autocrine il andor blocking il receptors in ilgp mcl cells inhibited cell growth enhanced the rate of spontaneous apoptosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs for il or gplow mcl cells paracrine or exogenous il or gp protected the cells from stressinduced death knockdown of gp in gphigh mcl cells rendered the cells more CS to chemotherapy drugs even in the presence of exogenous il in contrast overexpression of gp in gplowil mcl cells protected the cells from chemotherapy druginduced apoptosis in vitro and compromised the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy in vivo il activated the jakstat and pikakt pathways in mcl and the inhibition of these pathways CR or partially abrogated ilmediated protection of mcl cells hence our T0 identifies il as a key cytokine for mcl growth and survival and suggests that targeting the il pathway may be a novel way to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in mcl patients
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to seek the effect of co laserassisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty laup of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome osahs
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the etest is convenient for testing susceptibility of anaerobes from september to september strains GP bacteria GN bacteria of clinically relevant samples were tested against five antibiotics benzylpenicillin amoxicillinclavulanic acid CLI metronidazole and imipenem on blood agar plates resistance to benzyl penicillin is widespread and GN bacteria and resistance to amoxicillinclavulanic acid is exceptional metronidazole is very ERP against anaerobes except nonsporeforming aerotolerant GP rods and peptostreptococcus micros
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LF lf is an important public health problem endemic in countries where it is a L1 cause of acute and chronic morbidity and a significant impediment to SES OD it is targeted for beta by through preventive chemotherapy using albendazole in combination with either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine citrate preventive chemotherapy enables the regular and coordinated administration of safe singledose medications delivered through mass drug administration mda many countries are now scaling down mda MICs after achieving geographic coverage and instituting monitoring and DUE procedures to establish the impact of several consecutive rounds of mda and determine if transmission has been interrupted at the same time countries yet to initiate mda for beta of lf will adopt improved mapping and coverage assessment protocols to accelerate the efforts for achieving global beta by this review provides an update on treatment for lf and describes the current global status of the elimination efforts transmission control processes and strategies for measuring impact and continuing surveillance after mda has ceased
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the purpose of this T0 was to characterize and quantify t lymphocyte populations and to investigate t cell antigen receptor tcr expression in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy frozen sections of endometrium were labeled using the highly sensitive avidinbiotin method and a panel of monoclonal antibodies CD4+ CD4+ cdpositive tcr alpha betapositive and tcr gamma deltapositive cells were demonstrated in all phases of the MC and in early pregnancy there were no differences between pregnant and nonpregnant human endometrium in the proportion that each t cell subpopulation formed relative to the total CD4+ t cell population however significantly fewer TA were detected in early Pr compared with nonpregnant endometrium our results clarify the tcr expression by t cells in pregnant and nonpregnant human endometrium and indicate that endometrial TA are unlikely to play a significant role in implantation and the maintenance of human pregnancy since they decrease in number considerably in the first trimester of gestation
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our aim was to compare acquired acid resistance in dental enamel after eryag and co laser irradiation in vitro with additional fluoride treatment
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infection of legume hosts by rhizobial bacteria results in the formation of a specialized organ the nodule in which atmospheric nitrogen is reduced to ammonia nodulation requires the reprogramming of the plant cell allowing the microsymbiont to enter the plant tissue in a highly controlled manner we have found that in crotalaria fabaceae this reprogramming is associated with the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids pas these EDC are part of the plants chemical defense against herbivores and cannot be regarded as being functionally involved in the symbiosis pas in crotalaria are detectable only when the plants form nodules T3 infection with their rhizobial partner the identification of a plantderived sequence encoding homospermidine synthase hss the first pathwayspecific enzyme of pa biosynthesis suggests that the plant and not the microbiont is the producer of pas transcripts of hss are detectable exclusively in the nodules the tissue with the highest concentration of pas indicating that pa biosynthesis is restricted to the nodules and that the nodules are the source from which the alkaloids are transported to the above ground parts of the plant the link between nodulation and the biosynthesis of nitrogencontaining alkaloids in crotalaria highlights a further facet of the effect of symbiosis with rhizobia on the ecologically important trait of the plants chemical defense
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fimbriamediated adherence to the intestinal epithelia is a key step in enteroaggregative escherichia coli eaec pathogenesis to date four fimbriae have been described for eaec aggregative adherence fimbria ii aafii is the most important adherence factor for eaec prototype CS previously we described results showing that extracellular matrix ecm components might be involved in the recognition of aafii fimbriae by intestinal cells in this T0 we sought to identify novel potential receptors on intestinal epithelial cells recognized by the aafii fimbriae purified aafadsc protein the major S1 of aafii fimbriae was incubated with a monolayer of TA crosslinked to the surfaceexposed t cell proteins and immunoprecipitated by using antiaafa antibodies liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry lcmsms analysis of cellular proteins bound to aafadsc protein identified laminin previously recognized as a potential receptor for aafii and cytokeratin ck involvement of the major subunit of aafii fimbriae aafa protein in the binding to recombinant ck was confirmed by adherence assays with purified aafii fimbriae aafadsc protein and strain moreover hep cells transfected with ck small interfering rna sirna showed reduced adherence compared with cells transfected with scrambled sirna as a control adherence of to hep cells preincubated with antibodies against ecm proteins or ck was substantially reduced altogether our results supported the idea of a role of ck as a potential receptor for eaec
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the objectives of this T0 were to determine the effects of flunixin megulmine in combination with caudal epidural anesthesia as a postoperative analgesic in beef calves following surgical castration and to consider stride length and pedometry as potential behavioral assessment tools for detecting postcastration pain surgical castration was performed in beef calves randomly assigned to treatment subgroups castration without anesthesia surg castration following lidocaine with EN caudal EA surg epi castration following lidocaine with epinephrine caudal EA and flunixin meglumine surg epi f several outcomes including pedometer counts changes in SL subjective visual assessment of pain instantaneous scan sampling of the calves postoperative activities and the amount of movement and vocalization during the castration procedure were measured to identify and quantify pain the results indicated that stride length and the number of steps taken by calves after castration appear to be good measures of pain significant differences found between treatment CG for SL and visutance in the wildtype enzyme increased conformational freedom dampens its effect in the mutantwe show that hydride transfer from nadh to fmn catalysed by the na mutant of MR occurs along parallel chemical pathways in a conformationally rich freeenergy landscape we have developed exp kinetic and spectroscopic tools by using HP to explore this freeenergy landscape the crystal structure of the na mutant enzyme in complex with the unreactive coenzyme analogue nadh indicates that the nicotinamide moiety of the analogue is conformationally less restrained than the corresponding structure of the wildtype nadh complex this increased degree of conformational freedom in the na enzyme gives rise to the concept of multiple reactive configurations mrcs and we show that the relative population of these states across the freeenergy landscape can be perturbed experimentally as a CF of pressure specifically the amplitudes of individual kinetic phases that were observed in stoppedflow studies of the hydride transfer reaction are CS to pressure this indicates that pressure drives an altered CSD across the SE landscape we show by absorbance spectroscopy that the loss of chargetransfer character of the enzymecoenzyme complex is attributed to the altered population of mrcs on the landscape the existence of a conformationally rich landscape in the na mutant is supported by MD at low and OHP the work provides firm exp and computational support for the existence of parallel pathways arising from multiple conformational states of the enzymecoenzyme complex hydrostatic pressure is a powerful and GA probe of multidimensional SE landscapes that can be used to analyse experimentally parallel pathways for enzymecatalysed reactions we suggest that this is especially the case following directed mutation of a protein which can lead to increased population of reactant states that are essentially inaccessible in the freeenergy landscape of wildtype enzyme
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complementary dna encoding a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase termed pp gamma was isolated from a human teratocarcinoma library the CS suggests that alternative splicing produces two forms of pp gamma designated pp gamma and pp gamma which differ in their ctermini the gene for human pp gamma pppcc was localized to chromosome by analysis of somatic cell hybrid dna and mapped to bands qq by in ISH these data show that although pp gamma and pp gamma are and MZ to pp alpha respectively the pp gamma gene is not closely linked to the pp alpha gene which has been mapped to chromosome
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normothermic machine perfusion of the liver nmpl is a novel technique that preserves CL grafts under nearphysiological conditions while maintaining their normal metabolic activity this process requires an adequate oxygen supply typically delivered by packed red blood cells rbc we present the first experience using an acellular hemoglobinbased HBOC hboc hemopure in a human model of nmpl
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this T0 observes the maximum following frequencies of these mechanoreceptors as well as their response characteristics before and T3 vibratory stimuli mechanical stimuli were applied to the tip of the crown of the left mandibular canine tooth in cats anaesthetized with alphachloralose while recordings were made from functionally single MF teased from the inferior alveolar nerve vibratory stimuli were applied at various frequencies and durations at twice the threshold to that stimulus controlled rampplateau forces were applied before and T3 the period of vibration a temporary rise in the receptor discharge was recorded and the threshold to rampplateau stimuli fell to about onethird of its original value the increased postvibration response was dependent on the frequency and duration of the stimulus it is suggested that vibration has some temporary effect on the receptor environment
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the effect of combined infusion of sulfated cholic acid and nonsulfated CA acid on bile formation was investigated the data show that the secretion of sulfated CA acid is slower and does not share the same transport mechanisms as nonsulfated cholic acid sulfated cholic acid significantly increased bile flow and reduced the secretion of biliary phospholipids cholesterol and protein associated with the secretion of exogenous nonsulfated cholic acid only when they were infused in a ratio higher than sulfatednonsulfated thus it is concluded that sulfated bile acids may protect the CL against the toxic effect of high concentration of bile acids the relevance of these findings to human cholestasis remains to be determined because sulfated bile acids do not predominate in serum during cholestasis
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small gtpase proteins play essential roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking systems in eukaryotic cells two types of small gtpases secretionassociated rasrelated protein sar and adpribosylation factor arf act in the biogenesis of transport vesicles sararf gtpases function as molecular switches by cycling between AS gtpbound and inactive gdpbound forms catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and gtpaseactivating proteins respectively G1 sararf gtpases undergo a conformational change exposing the NT amphipathic αhelix for IS into membranes the process triggers the recruitment and assembly of coat proteins to the CM followed by coated vesicle formation and scission in higher plants sararf gtpases also play pivotal roles in maintaining the dynamic identity of organelles in the sec pathwargery and charts of patients with tegmen tympani or tegmen antri defects and csf leakage temporal lobe encephalocele andor meningoencephalocele results all patients underwent the combined RPA and had their defects closed without significant intraoperative or postoperative complications conclusions mastoidectomy with temporal minicraniotomy represents an ERP RPA in patients with tegmen tympani dehiscence the advantages of this technique are the control of the floor of the MCF and the possibility to reach bony defects located anteriorly without manipulation of the ossicular chain and temporal lobe
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the ICC analysis of two cases of welldifferentiated endocrine tumours carcinoids of the ME revealed predominant cell populations producing pancreatic polypeptide pprelated peptides glucagonrelated peptides and serotonin the latter only in one case in consecutive sections pp and glucagonrelated immunoreactivities mainly colocalized in the same tumour cells ultrastructurally tumour cells were characterized by mediumsized to C1 granules of moderate to HD on which pp and glicentin were localized by the immunogold technique no amphicrine cells were found these features are consistent with those of similar tumours in the rectal mucosa that are mainly composed of l cells coexpressing both pprelated and glucagonrelated peptides additional tumour antigens of hindgut type detected immunohistochemically were prostatic acid phosphatase and car mucin expression of the car antigen was also found in samples of normal middle ear mucosa in which endocrine cells have not been identified in case peritumoral mucosal invaginations showed a proliferation of endocrine cells MZ immunophenotypically to tumour cells possibly representing a F0 lesion it is concluded that welldifferentiated endocrine tumours of the middle ear are a distinct pathological entity characterized by multiple hormone production typically involving three classes of hormones pancreatic polypeptiderelated peptides glucagonrelated MMP and serotonin of the hindgut endocrine system
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musculoskeletal and neurologic injuries affecting shoulder strength are common in contact sports fullstrength REC is desired before resumption of competition onfield assessment of shoulder strength is usually done by manual muscle testing which lacks sensitivity and reliability our objective was to determine the reliability and validity of two field instruments capable of quantifying shoulder abduction strength twenty junior football players underwent bilateral isokinetic degreess and isometric shoulder abduction strength measurements using a cybex isokinetic dynamometer testretest measurements of both shoulders of each player were made using strain gauge sg and HHD hhd instruments players were tested during rested and competition conditions within and between session reliabilities were calculated using the intraclass coefficient and validity was assessed using pearsons rho coefficient overall reliability for each device was calculated using lisrel analysis sg was found to be superior to hhd in overall reliability and validity withinsession reliability in the rested and competition states was and respectively for sg and and respectively for hhd betweensession reliability in the rested and competition states dropped to and respectively for sg and and respectively for hhd validity was and for sg when correlated with cybex at degree and degreess respectively validity for hhd was and for cybex speeds of degree and degreess respectively sg reliability and validity were similar when testing was done one shoulder at a time or both shoulders concurrentlyabstract truncated at words
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the objective of the present study was to evaluate the tau of mianserin and trazodone as antidepressants with serotonin antagonist properties on NS and tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia in this doubleblind placebocontrolled study the dose of each drug was increased gradually from mgday mianserin to mgday and from mgday trazodone to mgday PS were assessed using the brief psychiatric rating scale the scale for assessment of negative PS and the abnormal involuntary movement scale every week for weeks a total of patients men and women completed the trial MIA n and trazodone n did not alter the brief psychiatric rating scale positive symptom factor over the weeks in the mianserin group the scale for assessment of negative PS total score decreased significantly T3 weeks scores of affective flattening and blunting and alogia scores on the scale for assessment of NS decreased significantly in both treatment CG in the trazodone group the decrease in the abnormal involuntary movement scale total score was statistically significant at weeks and results indicate that serotonergic ADs when used in conjunction with neuroleptics are safe and ERP for treating negative PS in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia results also indicated a possible beneficial effect of trazodone in treating tardive dyskinesia
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we tested in NHS a less invasive method to obtain plasma input function required in the calculation of the BB serotonin synthesis rate measured with positron emission tomography pet and alphacmethyltryptophan alphamtrp the synthesis rates derived with the AIF were compared to those derived from venous plasma and venous sinus timeradioactivity curves obtained from dynamic pet images dynamic pet images were obtained for the lengths up to T2 after an i.t. of alphamtrp to mbq input functions were generated from both i.a. and vein in three subjects and from i.a. only in two subjects net unidirectional uptake constants of alphamtrp k mlgmin were calculated in several BB regions graphically using data between and T2 T3 i.t. with different input functions in the five subjects with arterial sampling we tested two methods for correcting the input functions from the A-V samples normalization to the mean SE time at T2 from arterial curve and the use of the venous sinus curve for the first T2 venous curves coincided with the arterial ones T3 about T2 when the venous curves were used there was an underestimation of the area under the curves up to T2 resulting in a to overestimation of k values combined use of the sinus curve up to T2 and A-V curve from to T2 as an input function resulted in the k mlgmin values larger by than the k values estimated with the arterial input function normalization of the venous curve to the SE time at T2 obtained from the arterial plasma curve resulted in a bias in the k of about the bias from the k values was propagated to the serotonin synthesis ratspleen and lung reached a maximum h T3 the treatment and decreased thereafter on the other hand as mrna increased more slowly and reached a maximum in h by about fold in the spleen and fold in the lung al mrna in the spleen and lung increased slowly and remained high up to h in IHC macrophages in the SP that were negative for inos and as before lps treatment were strongly positive for both inos and as after this treatment as inos as and al were coinduced in rat tissues and cells citrullinearginine recycling seems to be important in no synthesis under the conditions of stimulation Arg is a common substrate of nos and arginase rat peritoneal macrophages were cultured in the presence of lps and expression of inos and livertype arginase arginase i was analysed mrnas for inos and arginase i were induced by lps in a dosedependent manner inos mrna appeared h T3 lps treatment and increased up to a nearmaximum at h on the other hand arginase i mrna began to increase T3 h with a lag time and reached a maximum at h immunoblot analysis showed that inos and arginase i proteins were also induced induction of inos and arginase i mrnas were also observed in lpsinjected rats in vivo thus arginase i appears to have an important role in downregulating no synthesis in mu macrophages by decreasing the availability of arginine a cdna for human arginase ii an arginase isozyme was isolated a polypeptide of CAA residues including the putative nhterminal presequence for mitochondrial import was predicted it was identical with arginase i mrna for human arginase ii was present in the kidney and other tissues but was ND in the CL arginase ii mrna was coinduced with inos mrna in murine macrophagelike raw cells by lps this induction was enhanced by dexamethasone and dibutyrul camp and was prevented by interferongamma these results indicate that no synthesis is regulated by argininesynthesizing and degrading enzymes in a complicated manner
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the role of ipsilateral motor Az for movement control is not yet fully understood the relevance of these Az to the recovery of motor function following a BB lesion is a matter of dispute it has recently been stated that increased ipsilateral activation following brain damage is maladaptive and hindering the process of REC others have presented evidence that ipsilateral motor areas subserve motor REC a recent study published in experimental neurology lotze m sauseng p staudt m functional relevance of ipsilateral motor activation in congenital hemiparesis as tested by fmrinavigated tms exp neurol on patients with congenital hemiparesis presents evidence for the importance of ipsilateral primary motor SC and dorsal premotor cortex to movement control even in the absence of direct ipsilateral descending SO in this special set of patients this comment briefly summarizes the relevant findings supporting both views and discusses potential causes for the prima facie contradictory findings
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the effects of GTC on glucosestimulated insulin secretion gsis were investigated in the βcell L1 insd epigallocatechin gallate egcg at µm or gallocatechin gallate gcg at µm caused significant inhibitory effects on gsis and each of these at µm almost abolished it in contrast epicatechin ec or catechin ca had no effect on gsis at concentrations up to µm we thus investigated the structureactivity relationship by using epigallocatechin egc and gallocatechin gc containing a trihydroxyl group in the bring and ECG ecg and catechin gallate cg containing the gallate moiety egc gc and ecg caused an inhibition of gsis although significant effects were obtained only at µm at this concentration egc almost abolished gsis whereas gc and ecg partially inhibited it in contrast cg did not affect gsis at concentrations up to µm egcg also abolished the insulin secretion induced by tolbutamide an atpsensitive k channel blocker and partially inhibited that induced by mm k moreover egcg but not ec inhibited the oscillation of intracellular ca concentration induced by mm glucose these results suggest that some catechins at supraphysiological concentrations have inhibitory effects on gsis the potency of which depends on their structure the order of potency was egcggcgegcgcâecg the GABA effects seem to be mediated by the inhibition of voltagedependent ca channels which is caused at least in part by membrane hyperpolarization resulting from the activation of k channels
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microinjections of nmethyldaspartate nmda into the caudal VL medulla of the rat led to a decrease in arterial pressure whereas aminophosphonovalerate injected bilaterally into this region produced hypertension and blocked the depressor effect of aortic nerve stimulation HK stimulation via pushpull cannula caused a calciumdependent release of endogenous glu from the region these results provide evidence for the nmda receptor system involved in tonic vasodepressor control in the rat caudal VL medulla
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a fiveyearold entire male dachshund was presented with a five day PH of hypersalivation and regurgitation as well as polyuria and polydipsia for several months CXRs demonstrated megaoesophagus and aspiration pneumonia furthermore hyperadrenocorticism was demonstrated by means of elevations in levels of SAP and cholesterol decreased urinary SG increased response to ACTH stimulation insufficient suppression of the postdexamethasone plasma cortisol C2 an increased endogenous ACTH concentration and bilaterally enlarged adrenal PG on abdominal ultrasound the dog became severely dyspnoeic and was euthanased after magnetic resonance imaging was performed the magnetic resonance imaging and necropsy revealed the sellar region mainly filled with fluid with only small tissue remnants a condition defined as empty sella syndrome in human medicine to the authors knowledge this is the first dog described with ESS and only the second dog described with HAC AA to ectopic ACTH hormone production however the association between ESS and hyperadrenocorticism may be no more than incidental
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in humans defects in lipid metabolism are associated with a number of severe diseases such as atherosclerosis obesity and type ii diabetes hypercholesterolemia is a primary risk factor for PD disease the major cause of premature deaths in developed countries statins are inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutarylcoa reductase hmgr the key enzyme of the sterol synthesis pathway since yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae harbours many counterparts of rat enzymes involved in lipidsynthesizing pathways conclusions drawn from research with this single cell eukaryotic organism can be readily applied to higher eukaryotes using a yeast strain with deletions of both hmg and hmg genes ie completely devoid of hmgr activity with introduced wildtype or mutant form of human hmgr hhmgr gene we investigated the effects of statins on the lipid metabolism of the cell the relative quantification of mrna demonstrated a different effect of simvastatin on the expression of the wildtype and mutated hhmgr gene gcms analyses showed a significant decrease of sterols and enhanced conversion of squalene and sterol precursors into ergosterol this was accompanied by the mobilization of ergosterol precursors localized in lipid particles in the form of steryl esters visualized by confocal microscopy changes in the level of ergosterol and its precursors in cells treated with simvastatin depend on the mutation in the hhmgr gene hplcms analyses indicated a reduced level of phospholipids not connected with the mevalonic acid pathway we detected two significant phenomena first cells treated with simvastatin develop an adaptive response compensating the lower activity of hmgr this includes enhanced conversion of sterol precursors into ergosterol mobilization of steryl esters and increased expression of the hhmgr gene second statins cause a substantial drop in the level of glycerophospholipids
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human populations are rarely exposed to one pathogen alone particularly in high incidence regions such as subsaharan africa concurrent infections with more than one pathogen represent a widely underappreciated public health problem two of the worlds most notorious killers malaria and tuberculosis are coendemic in impoverished populations in the tropics however interactions between both infections in a coinfected individual have not been studied in detail both pathogens have a L1 impact on the lung as the prime lung for aerogenic mycobacterium tuberculosis and the site for one of the main complications in severe malaria malariaassociated acute RDS maards in order to T0 the ramifications caused by both infections within the same host we established an exp mouse MM of coinfection between mycobacterium tuberculosis and plasmodium berghei nk a recently described model for maards our T0 provides evidence that malariainduced immune responses impair host resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis using the natural routes of infection we observed that coinfection exacerbated chronic tuberculosis while rendering mice less refractory to plasmodium coinfected animals presented with enhanced inflammatory immune responses as reflected by exacerbated leukocyte infiltrates tissue pathology and hypercytokinemia accompanied by altered tcell responses our resultsdemonstrating striking changes in the immune regulation by coinfection with plasmodium and mycobacteriumare highly relevant for the medical management of both infections in humans
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menopause and related symptoms are direct consequences of insufficient ovarian oestrogen production during the last two centuries women life expectancy increased from to in developed countries resulting a years periods without proper hormone support extraovarian steroid production and its effects are presented the role of hormone replacement therapy hrt and locally aviable products discussed
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sickle cell disease scd is an inherited hemolytic anemia whose pathophysiology is driven by polymerization of the hemoglobin s hb s leading to hemolysis and vasoocclusive events inflammation is a fundamental component in these processes and a continuous inflammatory CS- can lead to tissue damages thus proresolving pathways emerge in order to restore the homeostasis for example there is the annexin a anxa an endogenous antiinflammatory protein involved in reducing neutrophilendothelial interactions accelerating neutrophil apoptosis and stimulating macrophage efferocytosis we investigated the expression of anxa in plasma of scd patients and its relation with anemic hemolytic and inflammatory parameters of the disease three scd genotypes were considered the homozygous inheritance for hb s hb ss and the association between hb s and the hemoglobin SCV dpunjab hb sd and c hb sc anxa and proinflammatory cytokines were quantified by elisa in plasma of scd patients and control individuals without hemoglobinopathies hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry and spectrophotometer the plasma levels of anxa were about threefold lesser in scd patients compared to the control group and within the scd genotypes the most elevated C2 were found in hb ss individuals approximately threefold higher Th1 cytokines were higher in scd groups than in the control individuals anemic and hemolytic markers were higher in hb ss and hb sd genotypes compared to hb sc patients WBCs and platelets count were higher in hb ss genotype and were positively correlated to anxa levels we found that anxa is downregulated and differentially expressed within the scd genotypes its expression seems to depend on the inflammatory hemolytic and vasoocclusive characteristics of the diseased these data may lead to new biological targets for therapeutic intervention in scd
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the present study was performed to determine whether Hc yeast phase is able to activate the alternative complement pathway h capsulatum yeasts were shown to consume c in cdeficient guinea pig serum immunoelectrophoretic conversion of alternative pathway component factor b confirmed that c consumption was mediated by activation of the AP these results demonstrate that h capsulatum is able to activate the alternative complement pathway
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spores of bacillus subtilis are encased in a protein coat composed of â¼ different proteins recently we reconstituted the basement layer of the coat composed of two structural proteins spovm and spoiva around sporesized silica beads encased in a lipid bilayer to create synthetic sporelike particles termed sshels we demonstrated that sshels could display thousands of copies of proteins and small molecules of interest covalently linked to spoiva in this T0 we investigated the tau of sshels in delivering vaccines we show that intramuscular vaccination of mice with undecorated one microndiameter sshels elicited an antibody response against spoiva we further demonstrate that sshels covalently modified witate the mechanisms behind proliferative sickle retinopathy and help in the development of new and improved therapeutic pathways the use of technology can help immensely in the screening of patients with sickle cell to detect early proliferative changes and if necessary treat accordingly
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inhibin alpha and beta bsubunit mrna expression and levels of bioactive and immunoreactive inhibin were studied in rat testes synchronized for the stage of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium by treating vitamin adeficient rats with vitamin a measurement of inhibin S1 mrna expression and inhibin levels was started directly T3 the start of vitamin a treatment and continued for days inhibin subunit mrna expression and testicular bioactive and immunoreactive inhibin C2 increased after the start of vitamin a treatment reaching maximum values after days when b SPG and preleptotene SPC had appeared in the stagesynchronized testes the ratio between beta b and alphasubunit mrna expression was high at that timepoint whereas the ratio between bioactive and INH remained low these data suggest a relatively high production of activin at that moment and this may play a role in the OD of b SPG into preleptotene spermatocytes during the initiation of spermatogenesis stagedependency was demonstrated for inhibin subunit mrna expression and for the C2 of bioactive and INH in rats with CR spermatogenesis inhibin alphasubunit mrna expression was relatively high at stages v and xiii of the spermatogenic cycle whereas beta bsubunit mrna expression was high at stage xiii but not at stage v this resulted in a high beta balpha subunit mrna ratio at stage xiii since it has been shown that expression of the activin receptor is high at stages xiiii locally formed activin might play a role in the regulation of meiosis bioactive and INH were highly correlated during the cycle with maximum levels at stages xivi it was concluded that the production of inhibin and possibly activin is dependent on the stage of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium these growth AF might play a paracrine role in the differentiation of spermatogenic cells
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examination of patients suffering from impotence of V1 genesis included selective angiography of the penis conducted against the BG of artificially induced erection DS of the penis and angiography and measurement of the corpora cavernosa the following causes of impairment of erection were revealed abnormal venous drainage of corpora cavernosa derangement of arterial inflow due to occlusion of the aorta iliac arteries internal iliac artery internal pudendal and penile arteries surgical correction was aimed at elimination of abnormal venous drainage inclusion in the major blood flow of the internal iliac arteries and shunting of the penile arteries direct favourable results were obtained in per cent of the patients operated on
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t lymphocytes in the normal Caco-2 tract have been analysed in tissue sections by a doublemarker immunofluorescence technique combining AS to t lymphocyte antigen hutla with a monoclonal antibody detecting t cells of CD8 phenotype okt the distribution of hlaa b c and ialike antigens in intestinal mucosa was also examined by a similar method in small and large intestine to mean of IEL t lymphocytes were of CD8 phenotype okt in contrast only to mean of lamina propria TA were okt intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated strong membrane staining for hlaa b c antigens ialike antigens were detected on the epithelial cells of SI villi but not on colonic epithelial cells lamina propria macrophages expressed both hlaa b c and ialike antigens the latter having strong membrane and cytoplasmic fluorescence the distribution of TA with suppressorcytotoxic or inducer phenotype in the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria may be related to the differential expression of ialike and hlaa b c antigens in intestinal mucosa
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a series of temperature responsive hydrogels consisting of βglucan and poly nisopropyl acrylamide pnipam was synthesized by redox polymerization at RT tetramethylethylenediamine temed and potassium persulfate kps were used as a redox pair βglucan was methacrylated maβglucan and used as a biodegradable and biocompatible crosslinker to prepare βglucanpnipam based temperature responsive hydrogels swelling SMB of the hydrogels at different temperatures was investigated the asa release from the hydrogels was monitored using uvvis spectrophotometer at °c it is notable that the swelling and release behaviors of the hydrogels significantly change depending on the hydrogel compositions and temperature their thermal stability was determined using TG analysis tga assuming the extent of intermolecular interaction between pnipam and βglucan is proportional to thermal stability which increased with the amount of pnipam volume phase transition temperature vptt of the hydrogels was precisely determined by derivative differential scanning calorimeter ddsc they possessed variable vptt with the compositions the presence of βglucan in the pnipam network brought vptt closer to the body temperature from °c to °c indicating that the vptt could be tuned by the hydrogel compositions their invivo biocompatibility was tested against ws beta cells in phosphate buffer saline pbs ph it was demonstrated that using maβglucan as a crosslinker resulted in more biocompatible thermoresponsive hydrogels indicating the enhancement of hydrophilic βglucan on the swollen hydrogel surface
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