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the induction of a calcifying matrix was studied in vitro and compared for three biomaterials collagen sponge hydroxyapatite material and a mixture of both biostite cultured with human osteoblastlike cells the influence of biomaterials on organic matrix synthesis and the calcification process was analysed at the ultrastructural level transmission electron microscopy and xray microanalysis biomaterials were well tolerated by bone cells whichever biomaterial was used osteoblasts proliferated and synthesized a new matrix constituted of fibrillar and nonfibrillar elements this activity appeared earlier and was more intense with biostite than with collagen sponge CT a deposition of a mineral substance in this newly formed matrix was observed with the collagen sponge and biostite but never with hydroxyapatite CT the mineral deposits were identified as hydroxyapatite crystals similar to those observed and analysed in bone tissue these in vitro observations clearly demonstrated the property of biostite to produce a calcified collagenous matrix similar to bone tissue however in vivo confirmation is required before extending the use of this biomaterial to periodontology
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the objective of this prospective observational study was to assess the abilities of transabdominal sonography tas and transvaginal sonography tvs to measure nuchal translucency nt and to establish the C2 of agreement between the two scan mode measures the study was carried out in the fetal medicine unit and pregnant women were recruited from a routine dating scan clinic all patients underwent tas and tvs and two separately obtained measurements of the nt were recorded the ability to measure nt and the repeatability and levels of PA between the scan mode measures was assessed a measurement of nt was obtained in and of fetuses using tas and tvs respectively and in of fetuses by combination of the scan modes failure to measure nt with tas was due to inability to obtain midsagittal views because of unfavourable fetal lie or poor resolution especially in patients with high body mass indexes although there was generally good rho between the two scan mode measurements a significant overmeasuring of nt was observed with tas mean differtial source of bacteria such as sternotomy wound infection may be more prominent while various noninvasive and invasive studies have been proposed to aid in the diagnosis of pve transoesophageal echocardiography is now the technique of choice for that purpose as well as for detecting prosthetic valve dysfunction and other intracardiac complications of pveabstract truncated at words
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entrapment of permeabilized whole cells within a matrix is a common method for immobilization chitosan possesses distinct chemical and biological properties which make it a suitable matrix for entrapment and immobilization of penicillin g acylase pga in the first step escherichia coli atcc cells were permeabilized using ncetylnnntrimethyl ammonium bromide ctab wv min rpm which then immobilized using glutaraldehyde wv as crosslinker and chitosan wv as the matrix these conditions were established T3 preliminary trials with ctab and glutaraldehyde concentrations in the range of wv and vv respectively the hydrolytic activity was assayed using ehrlich reagent permeabilization of cells caused increase in penicillin g acylase pga conversion T3 min compared to the intact cells although immobilization on chitosan decreased the conversion compared to unimmobilized treated cells the new biocatalyst showed acceptable operational stability maintaining more than of the initial activity after cycles optimum conditions for immobilization of e coli cells were ctab wv and glutaraldehyde vv a new combination method was successfully developed and optimized for immobilization of treated whole cells on chitosan matrix
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the nerve gas GB is a potent ACh agent and SE to high doses may cause neurotoxicity and death subclinical exposures to sarin have been postulated to contribute to the gulf war syndrome however the biological effects of subclinical SE are largely unknown in this communication evidence shows that subclinical doses and mgm of sarin po by inhalation to f rats for hday for or days inhibited the antisheep red blood cell antibodyforming cell response of SP cells without affecting the CSD of lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen moreover GB suppressed t cell responses including the concanavalin a con a and the antialphabetat cell receptor tcr antibodyinduced t cell proliferation and the rise in the intracellular calcium following tcr ligation these concentrations of GB altered regional but not total BB acetylcholinesterase activity interestingly SS corticosterone levels of the sarintreated animals were dramatically lower than the control animals indicating that sarininduced IS did not result from the activation of the HPA hpa axis pretreatment of animals with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine abrogated the inhibitory effects of sarin on spleen cell proliferation in response to con a and antitcr antibodies these results suggest that the effects of sarin on t cell responsiveness are mediated via the ANS and are independent of the hpa axis
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measurements of cardiac output blood volume plasma renin activity pra serum aldosterone plasma and urinary catecholamine levels SS and urinary electrolyte C2 and of transfusion and fluid therapy have been made in eight hypertensive and seven normotensive burned children studies were conducted during the acute phase of burn injury when hypertension was first diagnosed and were repeated just before discharge from the hospital HT perfused at an inappropriately high total peripheral resistance and hypervolemia was demonstrated in the HT no differences could be demonstrated between hypertensive or normotensive patients in pra aldosterone catecholamine or electrolyte C2 these data indicate that both the hypervolemia and the vasoconstrictor activity of pra andor catecholamines are present when hypertension develops in these patients these data suggest that the reninangiotensionaldosterone system is directly stimulated as part of the neuroendocrine response to trauma
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cervical spinal instability due to ligamentous injury degenerated disc and facetectomy is a subject of great controversy there is no analytical investigation reported on the biomechanical response of cervical spine in these respects parametric T0 on the roles of ligaments facets and disc nucleus of human lower cervical spine cc was conducted for the very first time using noninvasive FEM methoda threedimensional d finite element ftisegment thoracic constructs particularly with fixed kyphosis minimizing apical hooks will minimize rod CS if periapical hooks are necessary orienting the hooks toward the apex will minimize rod strain
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chicken embryo electroporation is a powerful tool used to identify and analyze enhancers involved in developmental gene regulation in this chapter the basic procedures and underlying principles of enhancer analysis using CE electroporation are described in the following steps ID of enhancers in a wide genomic region determination of the full enhancer region definition of the core enhancer regions and analysis of a PET transcription factor IB sequences in the core region
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PC of ketoprostaglandin f alpha ketopgf alpha cpeptide and pancreatic glucagon and blood gl C2 were measured in infants of IDD diabetic mothers at the age of h plasma PGI2 levels were lower in these infants when compared to those of HCs at the same age p less than plasma PGI2 correlated negatively with the cpeptide C2 r p less than and positively with the pancreatic glucagon concentrations r p less than in the infants of IDDM no rho with blood gl concentrations was found the data suggest that hyperinsulinemia in infants of IDDM is associated with a decreased vascular prostacyclin production
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structural data are reported for the first example of the potent antifolate inhibitor diaminomethyltrimethoxynmethylanilinomethylpyridodpyrimidine in complex with human DHF reductase hdhfr and nadph small differences in crystallization conditions resulted in the growth of two different forms of a binary complex the structure determination of an additional crystal of a ternary complex of hdhfr with nadph and grown under similar conditions is also reported diffraction data were collected to a resolution for an r lattice from a hdhfr ternary complex with nadph and and to a resolution from a binary complex data were also collected to a resolution from a binary complex with hdhfr and in the first example of a tetragonal p lattice comparison of the intermolecular contacts among these structures reveals differences in the backbone conformation a for flexible loop regions residues and that reflect differences in the packing environment between the rhombohedral and tetragonal space CG analysis of the packing environments shows that the tetragonal lattice is more tightly packed as reflected in its smaller vm value and lower solvent content the conformation of the inhibitor is similar in all structures and is also similar to that observed for tmq the parent quinazoline compound the activity profile for this series of deaza nsubstituted nonclassical trimethoxybenzyl antifolates shows that the nch substituted has the greatest potency and selectivity for toxoplasma gondii dhfr tgdhfr compared with its nh or ncho analogs models of the tgdhfr AS site indicate preferential contacts with that are not present in either the human or pneumocystis carinii dhfr structures differences in the acidic residue glu versus asp for tgdhfr affect the precise positioning of the diaminopyridopyrimidine ring while changes in other residues particularly at positions and leu versus met and asn versus phe involve interactions with the trimethoxybenzyl substituents
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the OD of chilling and freezing injury symptoms in plants is known to frequently coincide with peroxidation of free fatty acids mitochondria are one of the major sources of ROS species during cold stress recently it has been suggested that uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria during oxidative stress can decrease ros formation by mitochondrial RC generation at the same time it is known that plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein pump and other ucplike proteins are not the only uncoupling system in plant mitochondria all plants have cyanideresistant oxidase aox whose activation causes an uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation recently it has been found that in cereals cold stress protein csp exists and that this causes uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria
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the rational combination of plasmonic nanoantennas with active transition metalbased catalysts known as antennareactor nanostructures holds promise to expand the scope of chemical reactions possible with plasmonic photocatalysis here we report earthabundant embedded aluminum in cuprous oxide antennareactor heterostructures that operate more effectively and selectively for the reverse watergas shift reaction under milder illumination than in conventional thermal conditions through rigorous comparison of the spatial temperature profile optical absorption and integrated electric field enhancement of the catalyst we have been able to distinguish between competing PT and hotcarrier driven mechanistic pathways the antennareactor geometry efficiently harnesses the plasmon resonance of aluminum to supply energetic hotcarriers and increases optical absorption in cuprous oxide for selective carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide with visible CS the transition from noble metals to aluminum based antennareactor heterostructures in plasmonic photocatalysis provides a sustainable route to highvalue chemicals and reaffirms the practical potential of plasmonmediated chemical transformationsplasmonenhanced photocatalysis holds promise for the control of chemical reactions here the authors report an alcu
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although children with HC frequently show poor OD of nonverbal cognitive skills relative to verbal skills little is known about the neuropathologic correlates of these discrepancies in this T0 cerebral whitematter structures and lateral ventricles were measured from the magnetic resonance images of agematched children with meningomyelocele meningocele and aqueductal stenosis and normal subjects the volume of each lateral IVT and the crosssectional area of the corpus callosum and internal capsules were correlated with concurrent measures of verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills the corpus callosum in the meningomyelocele and aqueductal stenosis groups was smaller the lateral ventricles were larger and the internal capsules were smaln e faecium is also mediated by increased CP activity and possibly by elaboration of a protein detectable T3 incubation in vancomycin whose function is unknown type c resistance is associated with production of a ligase constitutively produced chromosomally encoded and unique to e gallinarum among the staphylococci coagulasenegative clinical isolates were obtained that were resistant to glycopeptides and one coagulasepositive isolate was resistant to teicoplanin but the mechanism of resistance is unknown additionally CPS resistant to glycopeptides have been prepared in the laboratory they produce an approximately kda cytoplasmic protein whose CF is unknown and have undergone extensive reorganization of their cell surface the era in which universal GP susceptibility to glycopeptides can be presumed is over susceptibility testing must now accompany isolation of an enterococcus or staphylococcus of clinical importance
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satellite cells scs are skeletal muscle stem cells residing quiescent around healthy muscle MF in response to injury or disease scs activate proliferate and eventually differentiate and fuse to one another to form new muscle fibres or to existing damaged fibres to repair them the sulfated polysaccharide heparan sulfate HS is a highly variable biomolecule known to play key roles in the regulation of cell fate decisions though the changes that muscle hs undergoes during sc differentiation are unknown here we show that the sulfation C2 of hs increase during sc differentiation more specifically we observe an increase in o and osulfation in nacetylated disaccharides interestingly a TPS increase in o sulfation is also observed in the heparanome of ageing muscle which we show leads to promotion of fgf signalling and satellite cell proliferation suggesting a role for the heparanome dynamics in ageassociated loss of quiescence addition of HS mimetics to differentiating sc cultures results in differential effects an oversulfated hs mimetic increases differentiation and inhibits fgf signalling a known major promoter of sc proliferation and inhibitor of differentiation in contrast fgf signalling is promoted by an nacetylated hs mimetic which inhibits differentiation and promotes sc expansion we conclude that the heparanome of scs is dynamically regulated during muscle differentiation and ageing and that such changes might account for some of the phenotypes and signalling events that are associated with these processes
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male mice secrete exocrineglandsecreting peptide esp from the extraorbital lacrimal gland into tear fluid other mice detect esp through sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ vno a AA olfactory system that senses pheromonal information including sex strain and species esp is now known to be a member of a multigene family that encodes MMP of various lengths we herein performed genomic and expression analyses of the esp family the esp family consists of members in mice and members in rat but is absent from the human genome suggesting rapid molecular evolution in addition to the malespecific esp we discovered one which we designated esp that in adult balbc mice is expressed only in the female extraorbital lacrimal gland the sexually dimorphic expression is ensured by the PR of testosterone T3 puberty however we observed dramatic differences in the expression levels of esps between strains finally all esps elicited an electrical response in the vomeronasal epithelium but not in the main olfactory epithelium multielectrode recording of vno activity demonstrated that esp induces action potentiaermined that the hgf promoter can be transactivated by a combination of activated src and wildtype stat in the mouse breast cell lines hc and sp to determine if this pathway is of relevance for the human disease a series of human breast and other human cells lines were examined and the status of key proteins in these cells determined all of the human breast cell lines exhibited strong transactivation by a combination of activated src and stat this activation was dependent on a stat recognition PE present at nt the exception was the erbb overexpressing cell L1 skbr where stat alone could transactivate hgf though src augmented this effect increased phosphorylation of stat tyrosine was also observed in this L1 analysis of three ovarian cell lines revealed that srcstat expression was not able to activate the hgf promoter in two of these lines skov and iosepc srcstat expression did activate hgf transcription in ovcar cells but this effect was not mediated by the stat site at nt stat phosphorylation at IMT was observed in iosepc cells but was insufficient to allow for activation of the hgf promoter human kidney hek and cervical carcinoma hela cells were also not srcstat permissive despite high levels of stat phosphoy these results suggest that human breast cells are a uniquely permissive environment for hgf TA by srcstat which may allow for the inappropriate activation of hgf transcription during the early stages of breast transformation this could lead to paracrine or autocrine activation of the met receptor in breast carcinoma cells
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major chikungunya outbreaks have affected several central african countries during the past decade the chikungunya virus chikv was isolated from humans and sylvan mosquitoes in the central african republic car during the and s but has not been found recently despite the presence of aedes albopictus since the risk of a massive chikungunya epidemic is therefore potentially high as the human populations are immunologically naïve and because of the presence of the mosquito vector in order to estimate the risk of a large outbreak we assessed the vector competence of local ae aegypti and ae albopictus populations for ancient local strains of chikv in car mosquitoes were orally INF with the virus and its presence in mosquito saliva was analysed and days postinfection dpi by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
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according to dsmiv the cluster a personality disorders include paranoid schizoid and schizotypal PDs there exists a phenomenological similarity between the experience and behaviour of the socalled odd or eccentric PDs and the symptoms of schizophrenia evidence of common etiological factors is still the best for the schizotypal personality disorder the cluster a personality disorders are among the less common personality disorders with a high cooccurrence present findings about the neurobiological substrate of the schizotypal personality disorder are discussed also taking NP results into consideration a CE prerequisite of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment of cluster a personality disorders is a strong therapeutic patient relationship
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collagenous spherulosis cs is a benign breast lesion usually seen in association with other benign proliferative processes in the breast to the best of our knowledge this is the second fine needle aspiration fna cytologic report of cs and the first with corresponding ICC and ultrastructural studies performed on the subsequent biopsy material cytologically the aspirate consisted of scattered metachromatically IF hyaline globules seen best with diffquik stain in intimate association with numerous groups of benign ductal cells some of which had a PTC configuration the globules exhibited periodic acidschiff positivity a subsequent excisional biopsy confirmed the cytologic impression and revealed a multifocal process of ductal papillomas and papillomatosis containing numerous eosinophilic spherules with morphologic features and histochemical staining reactions typical of cs electron microscopic and immunoperoxidase studies suggest the spherules to be composed predominantly of Matrigel specifically type iv collagen laminin and fibronectin and to be derived principally from myoepithelial cells although cs has been found primarily in benign breast lesions it can be found in other organs and in association with both benign and malignant processes the differential diagnosis of other breast lesions that can be confused with cs on fna biopsy is presented
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the concentrations and sequential changes of some acute phase proteins factor b and lysozyme have been assayed in recurrent oral ulceration and behçets syndrome c was elevated in both groups of patients and was the CS index of SLEDAI however it failed to discriminate between the three types of recurrent oral ulcers and four types of behçets syndrome the level of alpha acid glycoprotein and lysozyme were significantly increased predominantly in the ocular type whereas factor b was significantly increased especially in the neurological type of behçets syndrome it is suggested that the changes in the concentrations of some plasma proteins may help our understanding of tissue involvement in behçets syndrome as well as in the selection of therapeutic agents in this disease
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the purpose of this T0 was to evaluate the following the effects of continuous exercise training and interval exercise training on the endtidal carbon dioxide pressure petco response during a graded exercise test in patients with PD disease and the effects of exercise training modalities on the association between petco at the VAT vat and indicators of VE efficiency and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with coronary i.a. disease
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to examine the effects of targeted inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle function clinical ratings of dyspnea and perception of resistive loads in symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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sixtyfour patients with symptomatic otomycosis INF ears confirmed by direct microscopy and culture were randomly treated for i week with ciclopiroxolamine cream group a infected ears patients ciclopiroxolamine solution group b INF ears patients and boric acid group c INF ears patients and daily mechanical suction aspiration of the debris an attempt was made to match clinical parameters with both the mycological and bacteriological findings there was no significant association between the fungal species cultured and the clinical parameters did not vary with the presence or absence of different bacteria pus was never present in fungal OE fishers test p before therapy a significant number of ears had CR sterile bacterial cultures p chi test sapropsignificant influences on human visual perception here we show that gaze direction modestly but significantly modulates the magnitudes of the motion aftereffect the tilt aftereffect and the size aftereffect these aftereffects were stronger when the adaptation and test patterns were presented in the same gaze direction than when they were presented in different gaze directions even though the patterns always stimulated the same retinal location the gaze modulation effect was not statistically significant for the postadaptation elevation of contrast detection thresholds the gaze modulation of visual aftereffects provides a useful psychophysical tool to analyze human cortical processes for coordinate transformations of visual space
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two patients with renal PT underwent retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy the renal tumors were initially treated with radiofrequency ablation this method allowed RT excision to be achieved without clamping the renal pedicle RRF was well maintained as determined by enhanced computed tomography scanning and measurement of the serum creatinine level there were no complications such as V1 damage or collecting system injury the pathological diagnosis was CC carcinoma pt in patient and was not determined in patient because of entire ablation no recurrence has been observed T3 years and years of follow up respectively RF ablation was useful for control of local bleeding during retroperitonaoscopic PN
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the suitability of the triaminopyridine derivative flupirtine an analgesic drug with antioxidative property gassen m pergande g and youdim mbh biochem pharmacol for the preservation of mitochondrial integrity from oxidative stressinduced damage was studied rat CL mitochondria were exposed to strong oxidative stress as generated by fe plus ascorbate peroxidation damage of membrane lipids was followed by the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances protein oxidation was estimated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy T3 labeling of the peroxidized mitochondria with maleimido tetramethylpiperidineoxyl we found that i low concentrations of flupirtine microm protect lipids and also proteins with lesser efficiency from attacks of ROS species ii flupirtine remarkably delayed the decline of complex mitochondrial functions such as the respiratory control or the ca retention capacity of mitochondria under oxidative stress and iii the adpatp antiporter ant a main component of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery as well as a core component of the PT pore complex seems to be a membrane protein particularly protected by flupirtine in conclusion the preservation of the ca buffer capacity of mitochondria and of the ant activity against oxidative AS supports an antiapoptotic application of flupirtine
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this symposium presented recent progress of the pathogenesis and treatment of CC crc field cancerization by modified stem cells may be the earliest changes associated with crc cdimmature myeloid cells are deeply involved in crc invasion inflammatory mediators stimulate CA progression we must strive for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for this connection serial analysis of gene expression data analysis has identified novel biomarkers for CA PCD and possible prognosis better endoscopic techniques are suitable for early PCD and resection of colonic lesions chemoprevention of crc using sulindac and aberrant crypt foci as a clinical endpoint have shown glutathione stransferase pi as a possible new target a new drug delivery system using nanoparticles is being developed with sn a biologically AS metabolite of irinotecan survival of japanese male patients with crc is the best in the world due to CL node dissection and surveillance the use of LS has increased especially for T3 cancer a treatment trial by the sanin T0 group suggests that modified fluorouracil and leucovorin with oxaliplatin treatment could be carried out in elderly patients a great deal of information for understanding carcinogenesis and treatment has provided us with novel strategies for the management and prevention of crc
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EBM ebm provides frameworks for the SR of study methodology and results thus ebm frameworks facilitate assessing a studys ability to produce unbiased and accurate results and applying the results to the management of individual patients using ebm frameworks published literature about risk factors for serious nsaidassociated gastrointestinal gi disorders gi safety of cox selective nsaids and gi safety of cotherapy of proton pump inhibitors and nsaids are reviewed this article concludes with evidencebased recommendations concerning which patients are at high risk for serious nsaidassociated gi disorders and which therapies are most effective in reducing serious nsaidassociated gi disorders
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conditions in the democratic republic of the congo provide an ideal environment for leptospirosis and plague both of which can cause severe pulmonary manifestations in december an outbreak of lethal pneumonia occurred in a local mining camp affecting persons and killing of them clinical signs fast disease spread and initial laboratory investigations suggested pneumonic plague while leptospirosis had not recently been described in the region it was considered as a differential diagnosis antileptospira antibodies were detected by microscopic agglutination test mat a confirmed case of leptospirosis was defined as having consistent clinical signs and any one of the following SC or fourfold increase in mat titre for paired SS samples or a mat titre ⥠for acutephase SS samples twentynine of the patients or convalescents tested for leptospirosis were seropositive two cases showed a confirmed infection for both plague and leptospirosis while evidence supports the plague nature of this outbreak the results suggest that some of the suspected plague cases might be due to leptospirosis in any case this diagnosis will have to be evoked in the future if a similar outbreak occurs in this region of africa
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the aim of this field T0 was to analyze the main dynamics and conflicts in attending and providing good quality delivery care in a local tanzanian rural setting the women and their relatives did not see the problems of pregnancy and birth in isolation but in relation to multiple other problems they were facing in the context of poverty local health professionals were aware of the poor quality of care at health facilities but were still blaming the community the T0 describes the difficulties within the conceptual framework of the widely used three delays MM to disentangle different perspectives and to identify a feasible strategy of action to improve access to timely and effective emergency obstetric care there seems to be a need for a supplementary analytic model that more clearly has the health system as the CE agent responsible for improving maternal health a modified actantial MM is suggested for that purpose
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plate counts SEM microscopy and direct observations were utilized to determine successional trends of different groups of microorganisms onprocambarus versutus hagen exoskeletons incubatedin situ in a secondorder acidic woodland stream in northwest florida plate counts and sem observations indicated a definite successional DP dominated in numbers initially by the nonbranching bacteria followed by the actinomycetes the greatest number of fungal propagules coincided with the least number of bacterial colonyforming units chitinoclastic bacterial colonizers increased on the substrate throughout the study comprising as much as of the total bacterial community during the final stages of chitin decomposition scanning electron micrographs taken over the duration of the study revealed the abundance of an actinomycete identified as a species ofstreptomyces on the exoskeleton enumeration of microorganisms in the stream sediment was also performed in conjunction with the exoskeleton analysis relatively constant numbers of bacteria and fungi were observed with chitinoclastic bacteria comprising between and of the total sediment bacterial community
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V1 restenosis is one of the major concerns for the management of PD disease using therapeutic vascular procedures treatments with thrombinspecific inhibitors hirudin or hirulog reduced ischemic events in coronary artery disease patients early started and prolonged infusions of these thrombin inhibitors partially prevented balloon catheter injury induced restenosis or neointima formation in exp animal models but increased the bleeding tendency hiruloglike peptide hlp was rationally designed to enhance the inhibition of the binding of thrombin to its receptor with less interruption of coagulation activity in comparison to hirulog a single infusion of hlp for h started h before balloon catheter injury reduced neointima formation by in rat i.c. compared to VH controls tail bleeding time and APTT time during hlp infusion were not significantly different from VH controls but were significantly shorter than during heparin or hirulog infusion hlp treatment att the expression of plateletderived growth factor in the neointima of injured arteries hlp also inhibited thrombininduced thymidine incorporation in cultured baboon aortic smooth muscle cells the findings suggest that hlp may substantially inhibit balloon catheter injury induced neointima formation without noticeable increase in bleeding tendency in rats the inhibition by hlp of the expression of plateletderived growth factor and of the smooth muscle cell proliferation in the vascular wall potentially contributes to the preventive effect of the new thrombin inhibitor on injuryinduced neointima formation in the V1 wall
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in a prospective randomized doubleblind T0 of patients with invasive cervical cancer were treated with transfer factor tf derived from leukocytes of the patients husbands and were treated with PL within the first years T3 radical hysterectomy five out of tftreated patients and out of placebotreated patients developed recurrence of malignancy excluding one further patient with intercurrent death this difference is significant chi p less than subdividing the collectives significant differences were found in patients aged below years and in patients with stage i disease MZ immune profiles were checked in leukocyte donors prior to leukophoresis and were serially checked in patients antigenspecific correlations were found between donors and recipients reactivities but not between donors reactivity and recipients course of the disease
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the complete exon size and distribution pattern in the gene for the alpha chain of human type iv collagen was determined clones covering kilobases kb of genomic dna including kb of the gene itself as well as kb UP and kb downstream of the gene sequences respectively were isolated from lambda phage and cosmid libraries the overall gene structure was determined by endonuclease restriction mapping and rloop analyses and all exon sizes by nucleotide sequencing the characterized clones contained all the coding sequences except for exon whose CS was determined after its amplification by the polymerase chain reaction there were four gaps in the intron sequences the exact size of the gene is unknown the entire gene is at least kb in size and contains exons whose size distribution is CR different from that of the genes for fibrillar collagens in the glyxy coding region there are three exons of and base pairs bp each and two exons of and bp each the rest of the exons have sizes between and bp in the collagenous region about onehalf of the glyxy repeat coding exons start with the second base for the codon of glycine whereas the other half starts with two exceptions with a CR glycine codon the distribution of split versus unsplit codons is uneven in that the first exons of the gene start with a complete codon the gene contains repetitive sequences in several regions a nucleotide segment containing copies of cct flanked by polyc and polyt sequences was shown to be located adjacent to an exon the gene has previously been shown to be located headtohead to the alpha iv collagen gene at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome such that the first exons of the two genes are separated by as little as bp pöschl e pollner r and kühn k emboj soininen r huotari m hostikka s l prockop d j and tryggvason k j biol chem the results demonstrate that the human alpha iv collagen gene has a structure distinctly different from the genes for fibrillar collagens and also that it is considerably larger than any collagen gene characterized to date
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this multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial compared the tau and toxicity of two chemotherapy regimens in advanced hodgkins lymphoma hl the weekly AC stanford v and the standard twiceweekly regimen of doxorubicin bleomycin vinblastine and DTIC abvd
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the ability to monitor blood glucose noninvasively has long been a goal of those with diabetes due to the pain and inconvenience of current blood gl monitoring devices this article investigates the potential for monitoring EDC in breath and emitted through skin for inferring blood glucose concentration potential markers and an assessment of their suitability for noninvasive monitoring are discussed the varying technologies developed for monitoring volatile organic compounds in breath and from the skin of diabetics and their suitability for development as a handheld device is reviewed the potential exists for the use of breath and skin monitoring as an alternative to blood glucose but it may take years to collect sufficient clinical data for robust correlations to be possible
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two types of clinical events AE and uneventful course precede spontaneous hbeag seroconversion to its antibody antihbe in chronic type b SH to examine the possible mechanism responsible for these two types of clinical events serial SS specimens from patients who underwent spontaneous hbeag SC were assayed for HBV-DNA by slot blot hybridization with plabeled cloned HBV-DNA as probe of these patients had episodes of acute exacerbation alt greater than iu per liter within months prior to hbeag SC all of these patients had high hepatitis b virus dna C2 greater than pg per ml at the ON of AE their serum HBV-DNA disappears shortly before or simultaneously with the hbeag clearance in patients and persisted but with decreasing levels for to months in patients most of these patients had high alphafetoprotein C2 or evidence of bridging hepatic CN in contrast the serum hepatitis b virus dna was undetectable for a minimum of months in the patients who had an uneventful course before hbeag seroconversion twenty of these patients had welldocumented episodes of acute exacerbation with high HBV-DNA levels but with normal alphafetoprotein and little evidence of extensive necrosis as far back as to months before hbeag seroconversionabstract truncated at words
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acute kidney injury aki previously called acute renal failure is characterized by a usually reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to appropriately regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis the incidence of aki in children appears to be increasing and the etiology of aki over the past decades has shifted from primary renal disease to multifactorial causes particularly in hospitalized children renal failure can be divided into prerenal failure intrinsic renal disease including vascular insults and obstructive uropathies the PH physical examination and laboratory studies including a UA and radiographic studies can establish the likely causes of aki once intrinsic renal failure has become established management of the metabolic complications of aki requires meticulous attention to fluid balance electrolyte status acidbase balance and nutrition many children with aki will need RRT to remove endogenous and exogenous toxins and to maintain fluid electrolyte and acidbase balance until renal CF improves RRT may be provided by peritoneal dialysis pd intermittent hemodialysis hd or hemofiltration with or without a dialysis circuit many factorsincluding the age and size of the child the cause of renal failure the degree of metabolic derangements blood pressure and nutritional needsare considered in deciding when to initiate renal replacement therapy and which modality of therapy to use the prognosis of aki is highly dependent on the underlying etiology of the aki children who have aki as a component of multisystem failure have a much higher mortality rate than children with intrinsic renal disease recovery from intrinsic renal disease is also highly dependent on the underlying etiology of the aki children who had as a model of a nonadsorbable ligand on the mercury electrode that forms well defined and copperiiglycine complexes which are labile within the time scale of the analytical technique the calculations were performed by the defordhume method which was applied to the shifts in peak potential dtde vs e provoked by the presence of different concentration of the ligand in the metal solution for comparison purposes the T0 was also carried out by differential pulse ASV dpasv the results obtained by psa both at ph logbeta and logbeta and at ph logbeta and logbeta standard deviations are given were in PA with those obtained by dpasv and from the literature which indicates that psa is suitable for this type of study
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brucella as intracellular pathogen requires a coordinate interaction between th subset of gamma interferonsecreting cd t cells and cd TA for optimal protective immunity it was previously recognized that ll as t cellreactive antigen from the pathogen on other hand omp was found as another antigen to provide protection against the brucella infection by eliciting both th and th type of immune responses in mice here we analyzed the prophylactic and therapeutic tau of a divalent fusion protein rllomp comprising these two promising immunogens of brucella in the presence of mu ifngamma in mice against b abortus challenge rifngamma with rllomp resulted in superior immune response when compared to the animal vaccine strain b abortus s the vaccine candidate caused dominance of igg over igga and upregulated cytokine secretion Th1 tnfα and il among immunized mice moreover the antigen in combination with murine ifngamma elicited stronger cellmediated immune response among the immunized animals when compared to standard vaccine s the registered log protection unit among challenged mice with b abortus pathogen was p when rllomp was po CT and p when it was administered along with rifngamma however the molecule upon administration with murine Th1 imparted very minimal or no therapeutic effect against brucellosis to conclude our study demonstrates the potential of rllomp as an immunogen of prospective and efficient prophylaxis as it is capable of eliciting both cellmediated and humoral immune responses against brucellosis
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the fatty acid spectra of cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions separated by thinlayer chromatography were analyzed by gas chromatography in the sera of patients with primary hlp with cases of type iia cases of type iib and cases of type iv and healthy persons showing significantly increased values in the cholesterol ester fraction for hlp of types iia and iib as well as in the triglyceride fraction for hlp of types iib and iv were palmitic acid stearic acid palmitoleic acid OA and eicosatrienic acid significantly reduced percentages were obtained for linoleic acid linolenic acid AA and eicosapentaenic acid in the same fractions for these types possible causes include disturbances of the fatty acid metabolism in the CL increased selective reesterification of fatty acids of the lipolytic process and partially altered lcat activity
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procarbazine pcb was developed in the s and was rapidly recognised as an active agent in lymphoid HM pcb was one of the four drugs combined in mechlorethamine vincristine pcb prednisolone mopp one of the first combination chemotherapy regimens to show that advancedstage disease could be cured in humans during the last few decades comprehensive studies have clarified cellular pathways involved in the modes of action of pcb and its drug resistance mechanisms however late toxicities especially AA leukaemias and sterility led to its withdrawal from combination regimens used to treat hodgkins lymphomas hls pcb was recently reintroduced in doseintensified regimens and yielded impressive results these new regimens bleomycin etoposide doxorubicin vincristine pcb and prednisone beacopp or escalated beacopp are now being investigated versus the classic abvd doxorubicin bleomycin vinblastine dacarbazine or abvdlike combination chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of hls
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this review summarizes recent reports on the techniques and the use of methods for monitoring neuromuscular function during anaesthesia the latest news on the use of acceleromyography in the face and hand on laryngeal and diaphragmal surface electromyography on acoustic myography on DUE of intense NMB and on postoperative residual curarization is presented and discussed it is concluded that available evidence suggests that more attention should be paid by the anaesthetist to the problems of residual curarization and hence to proper monitoring of neuromuscular CF using objective methods
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a clear rho has been observed between the presence of the antigenic b cell system lyli detected serologically and cellular immunology techniques mlr inhibition by antili serum level of restimulation of antilyli in vitro primed lymphocytes detection of hlad alleles by homozygous typing cells these results suggest that the allelic products detected serologically may be identical to those detected by the first two techniques namely mlr inhibition and in vitro primed lymphocyte typing and possibly hlad typing using homozygous typing cells although the rho was found to be repeatedly less clear for the last technique
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mechanisms underlying the bronchorelaxant action of nkh a newly developed watersoluble forskolin derivative were investigated in guineapig isolated tracheal smooth muscle in muscles precontracted with microm histamine nkh nm microm caused a concentrationdependent decrease of P0 resulting in a CR relaxation at nm the ec for the relaxation was nm n in the presence of or nm iberiotoxin ibtx a selective blocker of the largeconductance caactivated k bkca channel the relaxing action of nkh on the histamineinduced contraction was inhibited giving rise to a parallel shift of the concentrationresponse curves the ec of nkh was increased to nm at nm ibtx n and nm at nm ibtx n i.c.v. of muscles with mm tetraethylammonium tea caused a similar rightward shift of the concentrationresponse curve to nkh with an increase of the ec to nm n in contrast the relaxing action of nkh was unaffected by microm glibenclamide an atpsensitive k channel blocker or by nm apamin a blocker of small conductance caactivated k channels in muscles pretreated with microm nifedipine a blocker of the voltagedependent ca channel vdc nm ibtx did not affect the relaxant effects of nkh on the histamineinduced contraction in muscles precontracted by a krich mm solution nkh caused only minimal relaxation n even at the highest concentration microm in experiments to measure the ratio of fura fluorescence signals r as an index of the intracellular ca concentration cai the application of nm nkh or nm isoprenaline to the preparation precontracted by microm histamine resulted in a decrease in cai in association with a decrease in tension the reduction of cai and tension by nkh was and respectively n and that with isoprenaline and respectively n these effects of nkh and isoprenaline on cai and tension were inhibited by nm ibtx the GABA action of ibtx was abolished in the presence of microm nifedipine these results suggest that the bronchorelaxant action of nkh may result at least in part from activation of bkca channels which may cause a hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cell CM and a secondary decrease in ca influx through vdcs leading to a decrease in cai
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thymidine kinasenegative friend CEM were cotransfected with simian virus sv dna and thymidine kinase gene dna of herpes simplex virus type the transfected thymidine kinasepositive cells were selected in hat medium and sv tantigen expression was observed over many months in cells cultured under selective conditions and after adaptation to normal growth medium under nonselective conditions it was shown by SBH that sv dna was integrated in multiple copies in the chromosomal dna of several clones all sv dnacontaining friend leukemia cell clones analyzed were able to undergo induced erythroid differentiation induced cultures still expressed sv tantigen to the same extent that untreated control cultures did
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implementation of intensity modulation radiotherapy imrt and patient dose verification was carried out with film and imarixx using linear accelerator with leaf millennium dynamic multileaf collimator dmlc the basic mechanical and electrical commissioning and quality assurance tests of linear accelerator were carried out the leaf position accuracy and leaf position repeatability checks were performed for static mlc positions picket fence test and garden fence test were performed to check the stability of the dmlc and the reproducibility of the gap between leaves the radiation checks were performed to verify the position accuracy of mlcs in the collimator system the dmlc dosimetric checks like SO stability average leaf transmission and dosimetric leaf separation were also investigated the variation of output with gravitation at different gantry angles was found to be within the measured average leaf transmission for mv was and for mv beam the dosimetric leaf separation was found to be mm and mm for mv and mv beams in order to check the consistency of the stability and the precision of the dmlc it is necessary to carryout regular weekly and monthly checks the dynalog files analysis for garden fence leaf gap width and step wedge test patterns carried out weekly were in good PA pretreatment verification was performed for patients with ion chamber and imarixx device the variations of calculated absolute dose for all treatment fields with the ion chamber measurement were within the acceptable criterion treatment planning system tps calculated dose CSD pattern was comparable with the imarixx measured dose CSD pattern out of patients for which the comparison was made patients were agreed with the gamma pixel match of and patients were with the gamma pixel match of with the criteria of delta dose dd and mm distancetoagreement dta commissioning and SQ assurance of dmlc for imrt application requires considerable time and effort many dosimetric characteristics need to be assessed carefully failing which the delivered dose will be significantly different from the planned dose in addition to the issues discussed above we feel that individual mu check is necessary before the treatment is delivered
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to examine variables associated with postextubation respiratory distress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd patients
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effects of contact time monochloramine doses monochloramine application modes ph temperature and bromide ion concentrations on formation of disinfection byproducts dbps including haloacetonitriles haloketones chloropicrin cyanogen halides and trihalomethanes during chloramination were investigated using model solutions containing mgl as doc suwannee river NK organic matter nom chloramine speciation and some dbps were measured using membrane introduction mass spectrometer mims longer reaction times led to continued formation over time for dichloroacetonitrile dcan dichloropropanone dcp and chloroform cyanogen chloride cncl formation occurred over time but after reaching a peak concentration cncl concentrations decreased over longer time periods linear relationships were observed between the formation of dcan dcp cncl or chloroform and the dosage of monochloramine chloramination modes addition of preformed monochloramine or VL sequential additions of free chlorine and ammonium salts exhibited the largest impact on chloroform formation but displayed little effect on the formation of dcan dcp and cncl over the range in ph from to profound differences in dbp formation were observed ph values between and resulted in the highest dbp concentrations an increase in temperature enhanced the formation of chloroform but did not affect dcan dcp and cncl formation CP concentrations were always low around LOD under all conditions increasing the concentrations of bromide ions enhanced the formation of brominesubstituted dbps
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using data provided by approximately second graders each from beijing hong kong korea and the united states we investigated relations among phonological awareness morphological structure awareness vocabulary and word recognition our results indicate that across languages PA and morphological structure awareness are similarly associated with one another and with vocabulary knowledge however phonological awareness and morphological structure awareness have different associations with word recognition in different scripts among second graders specifically phonological awareness may be more important for reading in english and korean than for reading in chinese in contrast morphological structure awareness may be more important for reading in chinese and korean than for reading in english at this grade level
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two patients with intraoperative dissection of the entire LA T3 MVR are presented intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography detected left atrial dissection with formation of a large cavity compressing the left atrium the false lumen was opened and widely connected to the RA atrium to perform the decompression this technique permits the runoff into the low pressure system in case of persisting hemorrhage from the unknown entry and eliminates the risk of systemic embolization from the cavity
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this study aims to elucidate the characteristics of patients with severe nonischemic HR failure exhibiting exercise oscillatory ventilation eov and the association of these characteristics with the subjective dyspnea fortysix patients with nonischemic HF who were classified into the neld signal fluctuation such physiological signal modulations have been considered as sources of noise and their effects on bold signal are commonly removed in fMRI fmri studies however possible neural correlates of the physiological fluctuations have not been considered nor examined in detail in the present study we investigated this possibility by simultaneously acquiring electroencephalogram eeg with bold fmri data respiratory and cardiac waveforms in healthy human subjects at eyesclosed and eyesopen resting we quantified the concurrent changes of the eeg SP in the alpha frequency band the respiration volume and the cardiac pulse rate then assessed the temporal correlations between alpha eeg power and physiological signal fluctuations in addition timeshifted time courses of alpha eeg power or physiological data were included as regressors to examine their correlations with the wholebrain bold fmri signals we observed a significant rho between alpha eeg global field power and respiration particularly at eyesclosed resting condition similar spatial patterns were observed between the correlation maps of bold with alpha eeg power and respiration with negative correlations coinciding in the visual SC superiormiddle temporal gyrus inferior FC gyrus and VPI parietal lobule and positive correlations in the thalamus and caudate regressing out the physiological variations in the bold signal resulted in reduced rho between bold and alpha eeg SP these results suggest a mutual link of neuronal origin between alpha eeg SP QO2 and bold signals
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the T0 used eppml a biological geochemistry cycle MM that was built to simulate the carbon budget for ecosystems in changbai mountain natural reserve the results indicated that the annual net primary productivity npp carbon of the natural reserve was x ta the annual npp of mixed broadleaved and korean pine forest and sprucefir forest were maximal x ta and x ta respectively the area and productivity of the two stands were maximal in changbai mountain therefore the simulating productivity of the two stands most greatly affect carbon cycle and carbon budget of the NK reserve and the veracity of the former decides the security of the latter to sum up not only did the simulations accord with routines in the relative comparisons between different vegetation belts and climate belts in the whole NK reserve but also was exact in the absolute comparisons with very disperse data from field survey vegetations in the NK reserve had evident carbon sink functions mainly exhibiting in the increasing of carbon about x ta the annual carbon of mixed broadleaved and korean pine forest increased greatest x ta secondly sprucefir forest x ta the two stands played crucial roles in the carbon sink for changbai mountain others being changbai larch forest broadleaved forest meadow shrub alpine tundra subalpine betula ermanii forest and alpine grass in the decomposing carbon of soil organic matter was x ta higher than the littering carbon in the NK reserve there was accumulation of organic matter in the meadow soil and shrub soil the decomposition and accumulation of soil organic matter was in the nearly balancing condition in the alpine tundra soil and alpine grass soil the decomposition of organic matter was as one and a half time or double as litterfall in the arbor forest soil
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the ophd gene encoding a permease for DHP transport was cloned from burkholderia cepacia atcc expression of the gene in escherichia coli results in the ability to transport DHP rapidly into the cell uptake inhibition experiments show that hydroxyphthalate chlorophthalate methylphthalate and cinchomeronate compete for the phthalate permease an ophd KO mutant of grows slightly more slowly on DHP but is still able to take up phthalate at rates equivalent to that of the wildtype strain this means that must have a second phthalateinducible DHP uptake system
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in mammals CS entrains endogenous circadian pacemakers by inducing daily phase shifts via a photoreceptor mechanism recently discovered in retinal ganglion cells light that is comparable in intensity to moonlight is generally ineffective at inducing phase shifts or suppressing melatonin secretion which has prompted the view that circadian photic sensitivity has been titrated so that the CE pacemaker is unaffected by NK nighttime illumination however the authors have shown in several different entrainment paradigms that completely dark nights are not functionally equivalent to dimly lit nights even when nighttime illumination is below putative thresholds for the circadian visual system the present studies extend these findings dim illumination is shown here to be neither a strong zeitgeber consistent with published fluence PRC nor a potentiator of other zeitgebers nevertheless DL markedly alters the behavior of the freerunning circadian pacemaker syrian hamsters were released from entrained conditions into constant darkness or dim narrowband green illumination lx x wcm peak lambda nm relative to CR darkness constant DL lengthened the period by h and altered the waveform of circadian rhythmicity among animals transferred from long day lengths l d into constant conditions dim illumination increased the duration of the AS phase alpha by h relative to CR darkness short day entrainment l d produced initially long alpha that increased further under constant DL but decreased under complete darkness in contrast dim CS pulses h or longer produced effects on circadian phase and melatonin secretion that were small in magnitude furthermore the amplitude of phase resetting to BL and nonphotic stimuli was similar against dimly lit and dark backgrounds indicating that the former does not directly amplify circadian inputs dim illumination markedly alters circadian waveform through effects on alpha suggesting that dim light influences the coupling between oscillators theorized to program the beginning and end of subjective night physiological mechanisms responsible for conveying dim light stimuli to the pacemaker and implications for chronotherapeu transplantation a further risk factor was impaired renal CF with a hypovitaminosis d and AA HP
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dephosphorylation of ca channels by the caactivated phosphatase b calcineurin has been previously suggested as a mechanism of cadependent inactivation of IT in GH3 gh cells although recent evidence favors an inactivation mechanism involving direct IB of ca to the channel protein the alternative calcineurin hypothesis has not been critically tested using the TPS calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine a csa or fk in gh cells to determine if calcineurin plays a part in the Vc andor cadependent components of dihydropyridinesensitive IT decay we rapidly altered the intracellular ca buffering capacity of gh cells by flash photolysis of dmnitrophen a high affinity ca chelator flash photolysis induced a highly reproducible increase in the extent of IT inactivation in a twopulse Vc protocol with ca as the charge carrier but had no effect when ba was substituted for ca despite confirmation of the abundance of calcineurin in the gh cells by biochemical assays acute application of csa or fk after photolysis had no effect on cadependent inactivclasses i to iv and in eight healthy control subjects plasma renin activity pra and hemodynamic parameters were also investigated renal vasoconstrictor eicosanoid formation measured in urinary daily excretion was not different between patients in class i and control subjects class ii to iv patients showed progressively increasing production of pgf alpha f p analysis of variance and txa f p FP excretion peaked in class iv vs class i p compared with class i urinary excretion of thromboxane b was in class iii and in class iv both p pra was significantly increased only in class iv p the current results indicate a progressive increase in renal production of vasoconstrictor eicosanoids directly related to NYHA class and suggest that these prostanoids may have a role in deterioration of renal function
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interferons are a family of proteins first identified by their ability to induce cellular resistance to infection by many viruses in addition to the antiviral properties it shares with the alpha and betainterferons gammainterferon Th1 a lymphokine secreted by activated t cells activates macrophages stimulates b cells increases FB and endothelial cell resistance to many nonviral intracellular parasites and modulates cellsurface proteins central to immune cell regulation to identify molecules involved in the Th1 response and characterize their modulation we have isolated genes that are induced following recombinant Th1 treatment of u cells a histiocytic lymphoma cell L1 with monocytic characteristics we report here the molecular cloning and characterization of a gene regulated by rifngamma in u cells as well as in human MNC cells fibroblasts and endothelial cells messenger rna from this gene is induced within min of rifngamma treatment and demonstrates maximal greater than fold accumulation within h increased transcription is partly responsible for this accumulation this gene encodes a protein of relative molecular mass mr which has significant aminoacid homology to PLT factor and betathromboglobulin two chemotatic proteins released by platelets on degranulation this ifngammainducible protein may be a member of a family of proteins involved in the inflammatory process
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the authors report a yearold man with cardiomegaly and highoutput cardiac failure resulting from a hemodynamically significant arteriovenous fistula that was diagnosed months after LS for an inguinal hernia the diagnosis was established on CE and by ultrasonography and was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiography the fistula was closed surgically by direct venous suture and reconstruction of the iliac artery with a polytetrafluoroethylene patch the surgical repair achieved CR closure of the fistula with rapid normalization of cardiac size and CF within days
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the majority of studies on medical consequences of excessive alcohol consumption have been carried out with male subjects mostly from clinical or hospitalized samples the purpose of this report was to study differences in morbidity outcomes of men and women among respondents diagnosed with alcohol abuse andor dependence utilizing data from the national health interview survey this study compared several indicators of physical morbidity among male and female respondents meeting the criteria for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsmiiir APA AA andor dependence the results revealed complex gender differences not all of which can be explained by differences in sociodemographic characteristics or drinking practices moreover the results indicated that it is inadequate to generalize results based on morbidity data of men with AA andor dependence to their female counterparts or female drinkers implications of these findings are discussed
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in principle target inactivation analysis provides a means of determining the molecular weights mr and states of aggregation of proteins in native environments where they are functionally active we applied this irradiation technique to the rat CL microsomal membrane proteins cytochrome b epoxide hydrolase flavincontaining monooxygenase nadhferricyanide reductase or and seven different forms of cytochrome p catalytic MICs spectral analysis of prosthetic CG and sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide electrophoresisperoxidasecoupled immunoblotting were used to estimate apparent mr values in rat liver microsomal membranes except in one case cytochrome ppcne the estimated mr corresponded most closely to that of a monomer purified cytochrome ppbb nadphcytochrome p reductase and epoxide hydrolase were also subjected to target inactivation analysis and the results also suggested monomeric structures for all three proteins under these conditions however previous hydrodynamic and gelexclusion results clearly indicate that all three of these proteins are oligomeric under these conditions the discrepancy between target inactivation mr estimates and hydrodynamic results is attributed to a lack of energy transfer between monomeric units thus while ppcne may be oligomeric in microsomal CM target inactivation analysis does not appear to give conclusive results regarding the states of aggregation of these microsomal proteins
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the aim of this work is to investigate the dynamics of reepithelialisation and the penetration rate of a propolis ointment formulation during cutaneous wounds healing the experiments were performed as a CF of the treatment time in a well controlled group of rats we observed that the propolis ointment influenced the healing process stimulating KCs cell proliferation as compared to the control group it was shown that the propagation of the bee propolis was dependent on the wound healing stages in addition the photoacoustic spectroscopy showed that the applied substances reached the deep wound region highlighting once again the particular characteristic of this technique to evaluate the penetration rate of substances through the skin
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the aims of this T0 were to provide direct evidence that in anesthetized guinea pigs iv administration of histamine induces sympathoadrenal activation and to identify the source and mechanism of histamineinduced EN PR plasma epinephrine measurements were used as the index of sympathoadrenal activity in IN guinea pigs histamine infusion caused a fold rise in plasma epinephrine levels in guinea pigs pretreated with hydroxydopamine to obtain chemical sympathectomy the rise in PE induced by histamine was distinctly smaller than in controls this rise was completely inhibited in guinea pigs pretreated with the ganglion blocking agent hexamethonium and in pithed guinea pigs pretreatment with the hreceptor antagonist cimetidine or the hreceptor antagonist MEP reduced the rise in PE these results demonstrate that in guinea pigs epinephrine is released not only from the adrh antibodies to b cellassociated antigens such as cd cd cd and cd the calla ig cells could be regarded as preplasmacytic since after having been separated and stimulated with the phorbol ester TPA in vitro they transformed into PCs and synthesized the same heavy and CS chains as myeloma cells
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brca CT domain brctcontaining proteins are found widely throughout the animal and bacteria kingdoms where they are exclusively involved in cell cycle regulation and dna metabolism whereas most brct domains are involved in proteinprotein interactions a small subset has bona fide dna IB activity here we present the solution structure of the brct region of the C1 subunit of replication factor c bound to dna and a MM of the structurespecific complex with phosphorylated dsDNA the RFC brct domain possesses a large basic patch on one face which includes residues that are structurally conserved and ligate the phosphate in phosphopeptide binding brct domains an extra alphahelix at the n terminus which is required for dna binding inserts into the L1 groove and makes extensive contacts to the dna backbone the MM of the proteindna complex suggests phosphate recognition by the brct domains of bacterial naddependent ligases and a nonclamp loading role for the replication factor c complex in dna transactions
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solute carriers slcs are membrane bound transporters responsible for the movement of soluble molecules such as amino acids ions nucleotides neurotransmitters and oligopeptides over cellular membranes at present there are slcs identified in humans where about are still uncharacterized with unknown expression andor functions here we have studied two uncharacterized atypical slcs that belong to the major facilitator superfamily pfam clan L1 facilitator superfamily domain mfsd and major facilitator superfamily domain mfsd we provide fundamental information about the histology in mice as well as data supporting their disposition to regulate expression C2 to keep the energy homeostasis
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there has been no report so far as to the usefulness of d rotational angiography in congenital HR disease interventions we present a case of a difficult patent ductus arteriosus in which d rotational angiography was the key to successful closure a yearold woman who had been operated on many years previously for a PDA came to our attention for a heart murmur on the left upper sternal border echocardiography revealed a still patent duct with moderate shunt the patient underwent CMR imaging which confirmed patency of the duct but its diameter and length were difficult to measure due to the particular orientation and morphology of the previously legated duct it was decided to attempt device closure threedimensional rotational digital subtraction technique enabled us to find the most useful projection for measuring the duct and selecting the best implant device coil or amplatzer device the exact oblique and craniocaudal degree of the selected projection on rotational d reconstruction was replicated to obtain the best standard DSA view of the duct thus a mm ADO was selected and successfully implanted with excellent results this case suggests that d rotational angiography may be an important imaging tool to guide congenital HR disease interventions such as patent ductus arteriosus closure or aortic coarctation repair
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we examined whether protein kinase c activation plays a modulatory or an obligatory role in exocytosis of catecholamines from chromaffin cells by using pkc a protein kinase c pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide cacam kinase ii a calmodulinbinding peptide and staurosporine in permeabilized cells pkc inhibited the phorbol estermediated enhancement of cadependent secretion as much as but had no effect on cadependent secretion in the absence of phorbol ester the inhibition of the phorbol esterinduced enhancement of secretion by pkc was correlated closely with the ability of the peptide to inhibit in situ phorbol esterstimulated protein kinase c activity pkc also blocked otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpainduced phosphorylation of numerous endogenous proteins in permeabilized cells but had no effect on castimulated phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase cacam kinase ii derived from the calmodulin binding region of cacalmodulin kinase ii had no effect on cadependent secretion in the presence or absence of phorbol ester the peptide CR blocked the cadependent increase in IMT hydroxylase phosphorylation but had no effect on tpainduced phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in permeabilized cells to determine whether a longlived protein kinase c substrate might be required for secretion the lipophilic protein kinase SSP was added to intact cells for min before permeabilizing and measuring secretion staurosporine strongly inhibited the phorbol estermediated enhancement of cadependent secretion it caused a small inhibition of cadependent secretion in the absence of phorbol ester which could not be readily attributed to inhibition of protein kinase c staurosporine also inhibited the phorbol estermediated enhancement of elevated kinduced secretion from intact cells while it enhanced ca uptake staurosporine inhibited to a small extent secretion stimulated by elevated k in the absence of tpa the data indicate that activation of protein kinase c is modulatory but not obligatory in the exocytotoxic pathway
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to analyze differential antibody responsiveness of potential pathogenetic significance sera from patients with human immunodeficiency virus hiv infections at various walter reed wr stages of the disease were analyzed to determine the subclass CSD of hiv antibodies although all igg subclasses were involved in the hiv antibody response the frequency was highest for igg and the lowest for igg when igg subclass responses to different hiv antigens were compared qualitatively igg was the major subclass reactive with env pol and gag antigens igg and igg were almost equally represented in response to gag gene products and igg showed minimal reactivity to p antigen in all hivinfected patients regardless of their clinical presentation in contrast significantly lower C2 of igg antigp were observed in patients at wr and when compared to those at stage wr and the igg response to a recombinant gp antigen however remained unchanged suggesting that the lack of igg response may be associated with lack of responsiveness to the carbohydrate epitope on gp indeed parallel measurements of igg antibody responses to group a carbohydrate were also lower in patients at wr and stages without affecting antibody responses to polyribosyl ribitol phosphate and phosphocholine as antibody responses to group a carbohydrate with its nacetyl dglucosamine glcnac determinant were lower at the wr and stage of hiv disease glcnac may be one of the antigenic determinants on gp that plays a critical role in some of the pathologic events of hiv infection
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the acid mucins contained in goblet cells of the descending colon of male SDRs were histochemically labeled by AB ph and quantified in an image analyzer cortex controller twentytwo of these rats were treated with dimethylhydrazine dmh suspended in edta solution as a stabilizing agent and the remaining rats with edta only of the dmhtreated rats had concomitantly an adenocarcinoma elsewhere in the colon and the remaining rats had no colonic tumors despite dmh treatment the results indicated that alcian bluepositive Az occupied of the mucosa of the descending colon in tumorbearing rats and in nontumorbearing dmhtreated rats for edtatreated rats the percentage of mucosa occupied by alcian bluepositive cells was the difference between dmhtreated rats with or without tumors and edtatreated rats was significant p less than these results suggest that the decrease of alcian blue Az is related to the protracted treatment with dmh whether the decrease in acid mucins is induced by the carcinogen per se or whether it represents a true PSA premalignant change at the cytoplasmic level remains to be elucidated
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in the presence of zncn benzylated thiosptolylpyranosyl chlorides generated in situ from triobenzyldglucal and ptolscl smoothly react with thiophene methylthiophene furan methylfuran and nmethylpyrrole to give heteroaryl thiosptolylcbetadglucopyranosylic EDC cglycosides in good yields upon treatment with sncl the reaction of chlorides with thiophene or dimethoxybenzene provides the corresponding benzylated cbetadglucofuranosylic derivatives under the same conditions the use of methylthiophene furan methylfuran or Py yields srrstribenzyloxydiheteroarylptolylthiohexanoles treatment of and mesitylene with agbf yielded anhydrodiobenzylthiosptolylbetadglucose
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a yearold patient with hiv developed a facial angioedema hypersensitivity reaction to ACV when treated for ARN AA to a herpes virus infection she developed a similar reaction to famciclovir successful rapid desensitisation with oral aciclovir was performed and she became tolerant to aciclovir she successfully completed months of continuous treatment with no further reactions however months later she experienced blurred vision and resumed taking oral aciclovir without a preceding desensitisation regimen no allergic reaction occurred
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the purpose of this clinical retrospective study is to determine whether a PP braid pb used to augment an intraarticular autograft to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament acl is safe and to determine whether the pb improves the tau of the procedure a simultaneous review was performed of patients who had undergone an intraarticular acl reconstruction using an autograft composed of the CE quadriceps tendon prepatellar periosteum and patellar tendon left attached distally to the tibial tubercle and of patients who had undergone the same procedure with pb augmentation of the autograft preoperatively all patients had chronic acl insufficiency and were experiencing symptomatic giving way a subjective questionnaire and a physician examination jhr were completed on each patient objective laxity and functional testing including kt arthrometer measurement cybex isokinetic strength analysis and one leg horizontal hop for distance were performed six radiographs of each operated knee were obtained results were statistically analyzed thirtyeight of nonaugmented procedures performed were reviewed with a mean followup of months fortyfive of pb augmented reconstructions with a minimum followup nd pericytes are scarce hyaluronic acid ha levels are elevated upon capillary maturation when ec migration and proliferation cease and pericytes appear the dominant gag is heparan sulfate HS to investigate the potential role of gags in the angiogenic process we studied the effect of ha heparin chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate on the attachment and proliferation of V1 wall cells in vitro cell att was studied by determining the number of cells attached to gagtreated substrates whereas ha inhibited the att of both PCs and smooth muscle cells smc by nearly T3 hr it enhanced capillary ec att by more than RPE and dermal fibroblasts were employed as controls and none of the gags examined significantly altered the attachment of these cells the effect of gags on cell proliferation was determined by the addition of soluble gags to cells cultured for the time required for three population doublings heparin addition resulted in a dosedependent inhibition of both pericyte and smc proliferation with maximal inhibition of at microgramsml whereas this concentration of heparin moderately enhanced capillary ec proliferation these effects were not observed for any other cell type or with any other gag and indicate that gags have cellspecific effects on the attachment and proliferation of cells of the V1 wall
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to evaluate the clinical value of various kinds of interventional techniques in the treatment of buddchiari syndrome bcs
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six thionucleosides found in Bs transfer ribonucleic acids were investigated ndelta isopentenylmethylthioadenosine carboxymethylaminomethylthiouridine thiouridine methylthioadenosine nbetadribofuranosylmethylthiopurinylcarbamoylthreonine and one unknown x the presence of nbetadribofuranosylmethylthiopurinylcarbamoylthreonine was demonstrated based on the affinity of the transfer ribonucleic acid containing it for an immunoadsorbent made with the antibody directed toward nbetadribofuranosylpurinylcarbamoyllthreonine the existance of nbetadribofuranosylmethylthiopurinylcarbamoylthreonine in two species of lysine transfer ribonucleic acids was also confirmed by highresolution mass spectrometry four of these thionucleosidesndelta isopenenylmethylthioadenosine methylthioadenosine carboxymethylaminomethylthiouridine and the unknown designated xoccurred only in specific Az in the elution profile of an rpc column and probably affect the chromatographic properties of the transfer ribonucleic acids containing them in contrast with escherichia coli where thiouridine is the most frequent type of sulfurcontaining modification approximately onethird of the sulfur groups in b subtilis tRNA are present as thiomethyl groups on the position of an adenosine or modified adenosine residue
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previous investigators have suggested that subretinal blood damages the retina in part because of its solid Fn meshwork the role of fibrinolysis in facilitating the clearance of subretinal hemorrhage and preventing degeneration of the overlying retina was studied autologous whole blood ml was injected into the SRS of rabbits twentyfour hours later the animals were randomized to subretinal treatment with micrograms of tissue plasminogen activator or a similar volume of physiologic saline mean subretinal hemorrhage thickness DAT had decreased to of pretreatment thickness in treated eyes and remained unchanged in control eyes p less than by days mean clot thickness was in treated eyes and in controls p light microscopy revealed severe progressive retinal degeneration in both CG no histologic evidence of retinal toxicity was found in cat retina after subretinal i.t. of tissue plasminogen activator microgramsml although treatment with tissue plasminogen activator accelerated the clearance of subretinal hemorrhage it failed to prevent secondary retinal degeneration in this rabbit MM
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primary aldosteronism pa is the most common endocrine form of secondary hypertension and one of the most common subtypes of sporadic pa is aldosteroneproducing adenoma apa recently two somatic mutations of the kcnj gene were implicated in apa and two germline mutations were associated with familial hyperaldosteronism iii
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several oat brans crunchy oat bran oat bran CT and oat breakfast cereal and wheat brans WB alone wheat bran powder WB with malt flavor bran breakfast cereal tablet of bran and tablet of bran with cellulose used as dietary fiber supplements by consumers were evaluated as alternative antioxidant sources i in the normal human consumer preventing disease and promoting health and ii in food processing preserving oxidative alterations products containing WB exhibited higher peroxyl radical scavenging effectiveness than those with oat bran WB powder was the best hydroxyl radical oh scavenger in terms of hydrogen peroxide ho scavenging wheat bran CT was the most ERP while crunchy oat bran oat bran CT and oat breakfast cereal did not scavenge ho the shelf life of fats obtained by the rancimat method for butter increased most in the presence of crunchy oat bran when the antioxidant activity during days of storage was measured by the LA CA all of the oat and WB samples analyzed showed very good antioxidant MICs the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity teac CA was used to provide a ranking order of antioxidant activity the WB results for teac min in decreasing order were WB powder WB with malt flavor or WB alone or bran breakfast cereal tablet of bran tablet of bran with cellulose the products made with oat bran showed lower teac values in general avenanthramide showed a higher antioxidant level than each of the following typical cereal components ferulic acid gentisic acid phydroxybenzoic acid protocatechuic acid syringic acid vanillic acid vanillin and phytic acid
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this review discusses our present knowledge of the structure and MICs of the mast cell degranulating peptide mcdp this peptide is a basic CAA residue component of honey BV with striking immunological and pharmacological activities mcdp is a potent antiinflammatory agent but at low concentrations it is a strong mediator of mast cell degranulation and histamine release mcdp is also an epileptogenic neurotoxin an avid blocker of the potassium channels and can cause a significant lowering of the blood pressure in rats some of the biological MICs of mcdp appear to have distinct mechanisms and may represent a good illustration of the structurefunction relationship
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antimitochondrial antibodies amas found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis pbc crossreact with bacterial proteins and hence molecular mimicry has been proposed as a mechanism for ama development alterations in gastrointestinal permeability would provide a potential route for increased SE of gut flora to the IS in this T0 we aimed to compare the measured gastrointestinal permeability in patients with pbc to that in patients with MLD HC and healthy control populations subjects drank a mixture of SU lactulose and mannitol dissolved in water eighthour urinary excretion of the sugars was measured to assess IP antiendomysial antibody testing was performed to exclude subclinical celiac disease eightysix patients with pbc were evaluated and compared to HC patients and HCs the mean urinary excretion of SU in the pbc patients mg was significantly higher than that in HC patients or healthy controls p suggesting abnormal gastric or proximal SI permeability SU excretion was not increased among patients with hepatitis c compared to HCs the ratio of lactulosemannitol excretion reflecting SB permeability was also elevated in the pbc group compared to healthy controls p but was equal to that found among patients with hepatitis c pns we conclude that the permeability of both the stomach and the SB is increased in patients with pbc however it is unclear if it is a cause consequence or manifestation of the disease
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residue depth rd is a solvent SE measure that complements the information provided by conventional accessible surface area asa and describes to what extent a residue is buried in the protein structure space previous studies have established that rd is correlated with several protein properties such as protein stability residue conservation and CAA types accurate prediction of rd has many potentially important applications in the field of structural bioinformatics for example facilitating the identification of functionally important residues or residues in the folding nucleus or enzyme active sites from CS information in this work we introduce an efficient RPA that uses support vector regression to quantify the relationship between rd and protein CS we systematically investigated eight different CS encoding schemes including both local and global sequence characteristics and examined their respective prediction performances for the objective evaluation of our approach we used fold CV to assess the prediction accuracies and showed that the overall best performance could be achieved with a correlation coefficient cc of between the observed and predicted rd values and a root mean square error rmse of T3 incorporating the relevant multiple CS features the results suggest that residue depth could be reliably predicted solely from protein primary sequences local sequence environments are the L1 determinants while global CS features could influence the prediction performance marginally we highlight two examples as a comparison in order to illustrate the applicability of this approach we also discuss the potential implications of this new structural parameter in the field of protein structure prediction and homology modeling this method might prove to be a powerful tool for sequence analysis
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the production of interleukin il from six human CL cell lines including chang liver hlf hle hepg plcprf and huh was investigated using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and RNA blot analysis when cells were cultured in the presence of otetradecanoylphorbolacetate significant amounts of il were detected in the SC S9 of chang CL cells hlf cells and hle cells however il was ND in the SNs from hepg cells plcprf cells or huh cells which had been treated similarly to further investigate the production of il expression of the il gene was studied results of northern blot analysis using il cDNA dna as a probe showed that the induction was initiated at the mrna level moreover il mrna was also induced by il beta and RT necrosis factor but not by a calcium ionophore a or il itself in chang liver cells this is the first study to demonstrate the production of human il in liver cells furthermore when the production of alphafetoprotein afp from the liver cell lines was examined the three that were able to produce il failed to produce afp whereas the other three cell lines succeeded in producing afp these observations may indicate the heterogeneous origin of the CL cell lines
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oxaliplatin is the first clinically available diaminocyclohexane Pt coordination complex the drug is noncrossresistant with cisplatin or carboplatin and is one of the few AS drugs against human CC its cytotoxicity is synergistic with fluorouracil and CF leucovorin the REF treatment for this disease the main cumulative doselimiting toxicity of oxaliplatin is IP sensory neuropathy the drug can also produce diarrhoea vomiting and haematological suppression unlike cisplatin no renal failure or IP motor neuropathy have been reported and the sensory neuropathy is partly reversible unlike carboplatin oxaliplatin produces only mild to moderate haematological toxicity oxaliplatin undergoes biotransformation into aquated forms in the blood where species can be found total Pt ultrafilterable or free platinum and EA platinum flameless AA faas is used for assaying platinum concentration in various tissues inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry icpms with a fold lower sensitivity threshold than faas was also used for the determination of oxaliplatin pharmacokinetics the pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin are described by a compartment model the drug rapidly crosses the cellular membrane as a result of its lipophilicity hence at the end of a hour infusion approximately of the blood platinum is found in erythrocytes the distribution halflife of ultrafiltrated plasma Pt ranges from to T2 and its terminal elimination halflife is hours determined with faas or hours icpms the beta halflife of erythrocytic platinum is to days close to that of erythrocytes to of the Pt is recovered in the urine within to days with renal clearance accounting for half of the total clearance of ultrafiltrated Pt the total clearance of this species is correlated with the glomerular filtration rate no pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic relationship has been established for oxaliplatin pharmacunization are protective against infection with p aeruginosa and provide a rational for further OD of the vaccine for prevention against p aeruginosa infection in burn patients
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to evaluate the tau and tolerability of benazepril in chinese patients with chronic systolic heart failure
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hip impingement is now recognized as a relatively common cause for hip pain in young adults the early evolution of impingement begins in childhood in several common hip disorders slipped capital femoral epiphysis perthes early avascular CN due to other causes recognition and treatment of childhood impingement may prevent the evolution to early hip arthritis
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this article outlines the taught learning disability component in the common foundation programme provided at one school of nursing in a large university the taught component is designed to promote knowledge skills and attitudes that will make effective care delivery easier for this potentially vulnerable group of patients the health needs of people with learning disabilities are outlined and contemporary barriers to accessing primary and secondary healthcare settings considered the content and method of delivery of the learning disabilities component of the common foundation programme is outlined along with recommendations for future development it is hoped that the content of this article will stimulate debate about the most AGA content and format for preregistration learning disability education in the common foundation programme
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a doublelabeling immunofluorescence colocalization technique was used to examine the extent of coexistence of somatostatin somlike immunoreactivity with NPY-LI npy tyrosine hydroxylase th and vitamin ddependent calcium IB protein dcabplike immunoreactivities in neurons of the rat main olfactory bulb somlike immunoreactivity somi was distributed within restricted populations of periglomerular neurons and deep shortaxon cells and rarely within SF shortaxon cells at the glomerular layerexternal plexiform layer glepl border region doublelabeling analysis revealed that all of the somi deep and SF shortaxon cells also contained npyi colocalization of somi and thi or of somi and dcabpi was infrequently observed within PG neurons the rare somi shortaxon cells at the glepl border always exhibited dcabpi these results demonstrate virtual complete coexistence of som and npy in shortaxon neurons of the main olfactory bulb with a few exceptions however bulbar som neurons appear to constitute subclasses of PG cells IHC distinct from those containing th or dcabp
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a case is reported of earlyonset preeclampsia combined with severe malformations including holoprosencephaly and hydrocephaly caused by triploidy by ultrasonic diagnosis maternal risks caused by either prolonged pregnancy because of immaturity or inappropriate obstetrical management ie by caesarean section could be avoided ventriculocentesis of the macrocephalic fetus was performed and abortion induced
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supported phospholipid bilayers prepared by LB techniques were introduced recently as a new MM membrane system tamm lk mcconnell hm biophys j here supported bilayers are applied to T0 the lateral diffusion and lateral CSD of MB monoclonal antibodies a monoclonal antitrinitrophenol antibody was found to bind strongly and with high specificity to supported phospholipid bilayers containing the lipid hapten trinitrophenylphosphatidylethanolamine at various mole fractions the lateral distribution of the membranebound antibodies was studied by epifluorescence microscopy the bound antibodies aggregated into patches on a host lipid bilayer of DMPC below the lipid chain melting phase transition and redistributed uniformly on fluidphase supported bilayers lateral diffusion coefficients and mobile fractions of FL phospholipid analogues and fluoresceinlabeled antibodies were measured by fluorescence recovery T3 DP photobleaching the lateral diffusion coefficients of the MB antibodies resembled those of the phospholipids but were reduced by a factor of in the fluid phase the lipid chain melting phase transition was also reflected in the lateral diffusion coefficient of the bound antibody but occurred at a temperature about deg higher than the phase transition in supported bilayers of pure phospholipids the antibody lateral diffusion coefficients decreased in titration experiments monotonically with increasing antibody surface concentrations by a factor of correspondingly a relatively small decrease of the antibody lateral DWI coefficient was observed with increasing mole fractions of lipid haptens in the supported bilayer
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the levels of proteoglycan antigen were measured in joint aspirates from the hip of children with transient synovitis septic arthritis leggcalvéperthes disease and congenital and traumatic dislocation significantly increased levels were found in children with transient synovitis and septic ICA as compared with other conditions we propose that the proteoglycan antigens in the joint fluid were released from the articular cartilage in a partially degraded form as a result of an increased rate of proteolytic degradation in transient synovitis the source of proteolytic activity may be chondrocytes activated by factors released by synovial cells the PR of joint proteoglycan may cause a temporary increase in deformability of the hip cartilage of the child that could be an important pathogenetic mechanism in some of the sequelae of these diseases
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doubly transgenic monthold amyloid precursor protein and presenilins appps mice n and littermate control mice n were tested on EB CP conditioninga task impaired in humans with alzheimers disease ad mice were also tested on a motor learning task rotorod and on sensory tasks prepulse inhibition ppi and acoustic startle transgenic mice had impaired motor performance on rotorod overall appps mice performed similarly to controls on both ms delay and ms trace EB conditioning as well as on prepulse inhibition ppi and acoustic startle however within the transgenic group cortical amyloid burden correlated significantly with decreased trace EB conditioning moreover cortical amyloid burden and HPC microglia activation correlated significantly with decreased ppi these data suggest that only those transgenic mice with the most severe amyloid pathology exhibited deficits in hippocampusdependent tasks transgenic mouse models of amyloid deposition differ from alzheimer patients not only by the absence of major neuronal loss but also by the general absence of severe impairments in eyeblink conditioning except for mice with the greatest amyloid pathology
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the chemical synthesis of two porcine insulin analogues is described leucine in position b of the native molecule was substituted by its denantiomer and by lnorleucine respectively both bchain derivatives were synthesized by fragment condensation and purified as dissulphonates by gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography on spsephadex at ph combination with native sulphhydryl achain yielded dleubinsulin and nlebinsulin both insulin analogues were isolated by gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography on cmcellulose at ph biological activities of the analogues were determined relative to native pork insulin glucose oxidation in rat epididymal adipocytes was for dleubinsulin and for nlebinsulin receptorbinding affinity tested with cultured human fibroblasts and with rat adipocytes was for dleubinsulin and for nlebinsulin and thymidine incorporation into dna of human fibroblasts was for dleubinsulin and for nlebinsulin
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three different commercial encapsulated FO supplements were evaluated by orthonasal sensory evaluation of the encapsulated oil samples and were rated according to characteristic odour qualities and hedonic impact the potent odourants of the FO samples were obtained by solvent SE followed by high vacuum transfer of the volatiles and were evaluated by means of high resolution gas chromatographyolfactometry hrgco comparative aroma extract dilution ainical management of prostate CA pca thus much effort has gone into improving imaging modalities in pca this review focuses on the recent advancements in transrectal ultrasound mri and pet during the past year
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changes in the compliance properties of C1 blood vessels are critical determinants of ventricular afterload and ultimately dysfunction little is known of the mechanical properties of large vessels exhibiting pulmonary hypertension particularly the trunk and RA main i.a. we initiated a study to investigate the influence of chronic HPH on the mechanical properties of the extrapulmonary arteries of rats one group of animals was housed at the equivalent of m elevation for three weeks and the other held at ambient conditions of m the two CG were matched in age and gender the animals exposed to hypobaric hypoxia exhibited signs of pulmonary hypertension as evidenced by an increase in the rvlvs HR weight ratio the extrapulmonary arteries of the hypoxic animals were also thicker than those of the control population histological examination revealed increased thickness of the media and additional deposits of collagen in the adventitia the mechanical properties of the trunk and the RA and LM pulmonary arteries were assessed at a representative pressure kpa the two populations exhibited different quantities of stretch for each section at higher pressures we noted less deformation among the arteries from hypoxic animals as compared with controls a fourparameter constitutive MM was employed to fit and analyze the data we conclude that chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is associated with a stiffening of all the extrapulmonary arteries
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motor skill acquisition in the lower limb may induce modifications of spinal network excitability we hypothesized that ST motor adaptation in precision grip tasks would also induce modifications of cervical spinal network excitability in a first series of experiments we studied the impact of two different precision grip force control tasks a visuomotor forcetracking task and a control force task without visual feedback on cervical spinal network excitability in healthy subjects we separately tested the tau of two key components of the spinal circuitry i presynaptic inhibition on flexor carpi radialis fcr ia terminals and ii disynaptic inhibition directed from extensor carpi radialis ecr to fcr we found that disynaptic inhibition decreased temporarily T3 both force control tasks independently of the presence of visual feedback in contrast the amount of presynaptic inhibition on fcr ia terminals decreased only T3 the visuomotor force tracking task this temporary decrease was correlated with improved tracking accuracy during the task ie ST motor adaptation a second series of experiments confirmed these results and showed that the visuomotor forcetracking task resulted also in an increase of the hmaxmmax ratio and the slope of the ascending part of the hreflex recruitment curve in order to address the role of presynaptic inhibition in the motor adaptation process we conducted a third series of experiments during which presynaptic inhibition was recorded before and T3 two consecutive sessions of visuomotor force tracking the results showed that i improved tracking accuracy occurred during both sessions and ii presynaptic inhibition decreased only T3 the first session of visuomotor force tracking taken together these results suggest thus that the nature of the motor task performed has a TPS impact on the excitability of these cervical spinal circuits these findings also suggest that early motor adaptation is associated with a modulation of presynaptic ia inhibition in the UL
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understanding the impacts of global warming and humandisturbances on lakes is required for implementing management strategies aimed at mitigating the decline of the SQ and availability of water for humans we assessed temporal trends in water parameters and the contribution of land use to the eutrophication of the largest lakes of centralsouthern chile the mean values of water parameters varied seasonally with lakes chapo and caburgua exhibiting lower ph temperature and np ratio values over the assessed period years we found a temporal reduction in water conductivity and temperature of the lakes the concentration of non pop and dissolved oxygen increased in all the lakes but ph increased in eight out of the ten lakes the negative temporal trend in temperature was more pronounced as the depth level increased lakes whose basins had a higher percentage of forest plantation and urban Az had larger values of chlorophyll a and ph as well as smaller values of dissolved oxygen lakes whose basins included larger percentages of native forest had smaller nutrient non pop concentrations our findings suggest that decreased rainfall in centralsouthern chile due to climate change may cause a decrease of particulate material that is carried by tributaries into the lakes the observed temporal decrease in temperature especially at the deeper levels may be explained by the rapid melting of glaciers although the studied lakes are classified as oligotrophic deforestation and expansion of urban areas around the lakes have led to increased nutrient input thus accelerating their eutrophication
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the magnesium silicate system is an important geophysical analogue and neutron diffraction data from glasses formed in this system may also provide an initial FR for understanding the structuredependent properties of related liquids that are important during planetary formation neutron diffraction data collected in situ for a single composition mol sio magnesium silicate glass sample shows local changes in structure as pressure is increased from ambient conditions to gpa at ambient temperature a method for obtaining the fully corrected total structure factor sq has been developed that allows accurate structural characterization as this weakly scattering glass sample is compressed the measured sq data indicate changes in chemical ordering with pressure and the realspace transforms show an increase in mgo CN and a distortion of the local environment around magnesium ions we have used reverse monte carlo methods to compare the OHP and ambient pressure structures and also compare the high pressure form with a more silicapoor glass mgsio that represents the approach to a more dense voidfree and topologically ordered structure the mgo coordination number increases with pressure and we also find that the degree of continuous connectivity of sio bonds increases via a collapse of interstices
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we describe a method to introduce sitespecific mutations into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus specifically the a californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene for polyhedrin the L1 protein that forms viral occlusions in INF cells was mutagenized by introducing deletions into the cloned dna fragment containing the gene the mutagenized polyhedrin gene was transferred to the IN viral dna by mixing fragment and viral dnas cotransfecting Sf9 and screening for viral recombinants that had undergone allelic exchange recombinant viruses with mutant polh genes were obtained by selecting the progeny virus that did not produce viral occlusions in infected cells occlusionnegative mutants analyses of occlusionnegative mutants demonstrated that the polyhedrin gene was not essential for the production of infectious virus and that deletion of certain sequences within the gene did not alter the control or decrease the level of expression of polyhedrin an early viral protein of molecular weight was apparently not essential for virus replication in vitro as the synthesis of this protein was not detected in cells INF with a mutant virus
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expression of certain autologous lymphocyteactivating antigenic determinants on the developing embryo is known to provide a stimulus for maternal antifetal autoproliferative responses if left unregulated these responses could exert negative influences on the reproductive process by converting to autoaggressive forms of immune reactivity in normal circumstances immunological reactions of this nature are therefore likely to be under the control of Pa immunoregulatory elements found within the maternalfetal environment in the present investigation we describe a naturally occurring splenic GABA cell type devoid of conventional t b and macrophage surface markers associated with syngeneic murine pregnancy that is capable of exerting potent IS effects on an in vitro expression of fetalnewborn t cell autoreactivity namely the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction amlr maternal SP cells GABA for amlr were found to be highly resistant to cytotoxic i.c.v. with a panel of conventional antisera directed against t cellspecific antigenic determinants the nont nature of the NK splenic suppressor cell was further indicated by experiments showing that purified spleen t cells had no LIA pregnancy spleen cell populations that were effectively depleted of macrophages retained full ability to inhibit amlr maternal suppressor activity could be localized to the spleen cell population bearing receptors for the b cellspecific lectin soybean agglutinin sba a panel of monoclonal antibodies prepared against enriched populations of suppressor cells was screened and selected for specific reactivity using an elisa against glutaraldehydefixed sba SP cell subpopulations from pregnant versus virgin animals several of the monoclonals developed against suppressorenriched SP cell populations from isopregnant as well as allopregnant animals were effective in reducing or eliminating suppressor cell activity following cytotoxic pretreatment in the presence of complement the novel set of antisuppressor monoclonal antibodies described here should prove useful in furthering the isolation and characterization of Pa suppressor cells and in determining their relationship to natural suppressor cell populations described in other systems
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the effect of human PMNL elastase and cat g on recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor tfpi was investigated a weak inhibition by tfpi of both PE ki microm and cathepsin g ki microm was observed NE rapidly cleaved tfpi at the thrthr bond situated at the link between kunitz domains i and ii cleavage of tfpi by cat g was also observed but the reaction was much slower and resulted in a number of fragments proteolytic cleavage by both PE and cathepsin g resulted in destruction of inhibitor function with respect to tfpis inhibition of factor xa cleavage by PMNL elastase was capable of restoring factor xa amidolytic activity T3 its initial inhibition by tfpi inhibition of cat g by tfpi was strongly augmented by stoichiometric amounts of factor xa however the augmentation was temporary presumably due to concomitant cleavage of tfpi by cat g these observations may have implications for the putative effect of PMNL leukocyte stimulation on the regulation of the tissue factormediated coagulation pathway conversely formation of a factor xatfpi complex may reduce or modulate the proteolytic potential of stimulated leukocytes by temporary inhibition of cathepsin g
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depression of spinal cord motoneuron excitability has been proposed to contribute to surgical immobility the hreflex which measures alphamotoneuron excitability is depressed by volatile anesthetics whereas the action of propofol is unknown the objective of this T0 was to determine the effects of propofol anesthesia onlity to hydrolyze bradykinin and glyprohydroxypro was assessed asp asp his glu and glu are predicted to serve as metal ion ligands in the AS site and mutagenesis of these residues resulted in fully glycosylated proteins that were catalytically inactive mutation of his and his also resulted in catalytically inactive proteins and these residues by analogy with e coli app are likely to play a role in shuttling protons during catalysis these studies indicate that mammalian membranebound app has an activesite configuration similar to that of other members of the peptidase clan mg which is compatible with either a dual metal ion model or a single metal ion in the AS site the latter model is consistent however with the known metal stoichiometry of both the membranebound and cytosolic forms of app and with a recently proposed MM for methionyl aminopeptidase
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the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic ICA jia remains unknown but imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant defense systems may play a role measuring thiols in plasma provides an indirect indication of antioxidative defense the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between jia and dynamic thioldisulfide homeostatic status
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renal failure from ischemia contributes to morbidity and mortality ischemic preconditioning ip represents a powerful strategy for kidney protection and recent advances in transgenic mice may help elucidate its molecular mechanisms however murine ip is technically challenging and experimental details significantly influence results thus we developed a novel MM for renal ip using a hangingweight system for isolated renal artery occlusion in contrast to previous models this technique eliminates the need for clamping the vascular pedicle arteryvein in fact assessment of renal injury after different time periods of ischemia min revealed highly reproducible increases in PCr and potassium levels while creatinine clearance urinary flow and potassiumsodium excretion were significantly attenuatgar may regulate substrate loading and release the structure rationalizes the consensus structure of haca rnas suggests a PET role of each protein and provides a framework for understanding the mechanism of rnaguided pseudouridylation as well as various cellular functions of haca rnp
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a case of right VA due to PD disease in a yearold male with no prior history of surgery or chest trauma is reported the presence of the aneurysm was diagnosed by gated radionuclide angiography and confirmed by contrast angiography this is the first description of an isolated RA ventricular aneurysm on the basis of ischemic disease in addition the patient had recurrent VVI tachycardia and frequent PVCs pvcs using RN angiographic phase analysis of the pvcs their apparent origin was localized to the SM of the RA VA
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the aim of this T0 was to investigate the involvement of the antilipolytic alphaadrenergic receptor pathway in the regulation of lipolysis during exercise in subcutaneous abdominal AT scaat seven trained men and UT men were studied with the use of microdialysis the extracellular glycerol concentration was measured in scaat at rest and during min of exercise at of maximal oxygen consumption one MD probe was perfused with ringer solution the other was supplemented with phentolamine alphaadrenergic receptor antagonist no differences in baseline extracellular or plasma glycerol concentrations were found between the two groups the exerciseinduced extracellular and plasma glycerol increase was higher in trained compared with UT p addition of phentolamine to the perfusate enhanced the exerciseinduced response of extracellular glycerol in untrained subjects but not in trained subjects the exerciseinduced increase in PNE and epinephrine concentrations and the decrease in plasma insulin were not different in the two CG these in vivo findings demonstrate higher exerciseinduced lipolysis in trained compared with UT and show that in TR subjects the alphamediated antilipolytic action is not involved in the regulation of lipolysis in scaat during exercise
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in recent years considerable effort has been invested in developing mouse models of allergic airway disease as a means of evaluating the role of select genes in its pathophysiology here we review the principal models used in this field including models of AA and hypersensitivity pneumonitis as an example of how these models can reveal novel PET roles for genes we review our work showing a role for the stemcellassociated gene cd through this example we illustrate the genetic and immunological strategies available in the field to better understand allergic ai
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