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for two decades neonicotinoid insecticides have been extensively used worldwide targeting neuronal receptors they have deleterious effects on the behaviour and physiology of many insects bees are exposed to these insecticides in pollen and nectar while providing pollination services to agricultural crops and neonicotinoids have been shown to impair navigation and decrease their foraging activity we have previously reported the effect of dietary thiamethoxam on SU responsiveness of young worker bees here we exposed caged foragers to sublethal acute doses of clothianidin imidacloprid and thiamethoxam then tested them individually for sucrose responsiveness using standard methods in addition we tested the response to a range of sucrose solutions laced with neonicotinoids on bees previously unexposed to neonicotinoids this paradigm mimics the situation where foragers would first encounter poisoned nectars varying in sugar concentration bees were exposed to the insecticides in the feeding solution for h before testing or in the test solutions or both the three compounds had a detrimental effect on responses to midtohigh SU concentrations under all experimental conditions and unexposed bees tested with laced SU displayed unexpected low responses to the higher sucrose concentrations tested this attenuation of SU response is further evidence that neonicotinoids are multisensory disruptors with potent actions against pollinators and other beneficial insects at first contact
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infective endocarditis ie is a rare condition in the paediatric setting no data on the epidemiology and prognosis of ie in children are available from north african countries
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sfbc working group on critical care testing describes in this paper guideline for the management of laboratory medicine examination process in emergency conditions T3 a summary on french standards and regulations the critical care testing perimeter and definitions of stat levels are presented in different contexts the CR examination process is described guidelines are proposed for each step to manage subprocess in a risk management RPA the following steps were studied ordering by specialties sampling transport reception analysis validation and PR in summary we proposed a list of examinations allowed to be prescribed in stat conditions with a short list and complementary tests as a function of clinical setting these guidelines need to be adapted in clinicobiological contracts
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an acid betagalactosidase was isolated from the digestive juice of achatina achatina and purified to homogeneity by anion exchange gelfiltration and hydroxyapatite chromatographies this enzyme is soluble as are the cytosolic betagalactosidases functions at acid ph like the lysosomal enzymes but differs from the other soluble animal betagalactosidases in that it is highly specific for the betadgalactosyl residue in addition it cleaves the beta linkage much faster than the beta and beta linkages the enzyme is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of kda and the carbohydrate moiety makes up approximately ww of the protein the amino acid composition displays an important amount of acidicamide and hydroxy amino acid residues and a low content of basic residues the CEA is markedly affected by the ionic strength of the medium and the rateph curve was shifted towards higher ph values in the presence of added salt acid betagalactosidase is capable of catalysing transgalactosylation reactions the yields of galactosylation of hydroxy amino acid derivatives catalysed by the enzyme in the presence of lactose as the glycosyl donor were higher than those reported previously with conventional sources of betagalactosidases in addition the ph optimum is different for the hydrolysis ph and transgalactosylation ph reactions on the basis of this work the enzyme could be used as a tool in the structural analysis of dgalactosecontaining oligosaccharide chains as well as for the synthesis of GCs
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to follow up our previous observation that airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone is linked to airway inflammation we investigated the effect of bwc an antiinflammatory drug on ozoneinduced hyperresponsiveness in dogs airway responsiveness was assessed with DRCs of acetylcholine aerosol versus pulmonary resistance in two sets of experiments in one set PL treatment five dogs were given only saline solution treatment and were studied before treatment or ozone SE and then T3 treatment both before and after ozone ppm hours in another set bwc treatment the same dogs were studied before bwc treatment or ozone and then after treatment mgkg intravenously both before and T3 ozone when the dogs were given no bwc treatment ozone induced a marked increase in airway responsiveness to acetylcholine when the dogs were given bwc responsiveness was no different during treatment than before treatment but more importantly responsiveness did not increase significantly T3 ozone we conclude that bwc markedly inhibits ozoneinduced airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs probably by inhibiting the formation of oxygenation products of AA
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the regulation of hyaluronan synthesis and shedding was analysed in human fibroblasts and in two melanoma cells that differed in the M1 potential and proteolysis of the hyaluronan receptor cd dissociation of nascent hyaluronan from PMs isolated from fibroblasts by high salt concentrations led to activation of hyaluronan synthase hyaluronan synthesis was also enhanced in PMs from fibroblasts that had been treated with hyaluronidase or trypsin hyaluronan OS stimulated hyaluronan production in FB cultures these results indicated that nascent highmolecularmass hyaluronan inhibited its own chain elongation if it was retained in the vicinity of the synthase by cellsurface receptors the results also indicated that increased hyaluronan synthesi axial rotation of the fused kidney are atypical
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palladiumcatalyzed reaction of allenesubstituted allylic carboxylates employing mol of pddba in refluxing toluene leads to the carbocyclization and elimination of carboxylic acid to give bicyclononadiene and bicyclodecadiene derivatives the carboncarbon bond formation is stereospecific occurring syn with respect to the leaving group addition of MA as a ligand to the abovementioned procedures changed the outcome of the reaction and under these conditions afforded cycloisomerized products the experimental results are consistent with a mechanism involving oxidative addition of the allylic carboxylate to pd to give an electrondeficient piallylpalladium intermediate followed by nucleophilic attack by the allene on the face of the piallyl opposite to that of the palladium atom furthermore it was found that the pddbacatalyzed cyclization of the transcycloheptene derivative trans can be directed to give either the transfused trans or the cisfused cis ring system by altering the solvent the former reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic transallene attack on the piallylpalladium intermediate whereas the latter involves a synallene IS into the allylpd bond of the same intermediate the products from the carbocylization undergo stereoselective DA reactions to give stereodefined polycyclic systems in high yields
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donorspecific antibodies dsa are associated with increased cardiac graft loss and cardiac vasculopathy cav PCD of antibodymediated rejection amr relies on VG dysfunction cd immunofluorescence if and dsa
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to T0 the nature of the multiple sclerosis ms CE NS cns immune reaction Ara-C arac was administered intravenously to three patients and intrathecally to another seven although i.v. severely suppressed circulating WBCs derived fom the bone marrow there was no change in de novo cns igg synthesis rate or presence of csf igg oligoclones therefore the ms cns immune reaction can persist in the presence of severe granulocytopenia and severe monocytopenia of one to two weeks duration in four patients who were given arac intrathecally cytotoxic C2 microgramsml were present for a least hours a brief elevation in csf Al indicated transient damage to the bloodbrain barrier leukopenia did not result in the seven patients treated intrathecally and de novo cns igg synthesis did not change or was transiently increased assuming that cytotoxic levels in csf diffused to the cns sites responsible for synthesizing igg results indicate that cns igg synthesis does not depend on in situ rapid turnover of immune cells none of the ten patients demonstrated neurological improvement or persistent adverse effects
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the immunohistochemical PCD of antigens in archival tissue sections has been hampered by the poor reactivity of certain polypeptides in conventional formalinfixed paraffinembedded material for example the poor CR of NF-M proteins nfps in surgical and autopsy specimens has been a major drawback of previous C1 retrospective clinicopathologic studies of pediatric primitive neuroectodermal PT pnets also known as MBs we report our experience with a method of antigen retrieval which greatly enhanced the immunohistochemical detection of neuronal and glial intermediate filament proteins retinal santigen rsa and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna in archival paraffinembedded formalin or bouinsfixed pediatric BT particularly pnets the technique involves adding a single brief step to an established avidinbiotin complex abc immunohistochemical protocol vectastain elite kit this step involves boiling tissue sections in distilled water for min in a microwave oven the specificity of staining was consistent with known cell and tissue specificities of the wellcharacterized monoclonal antibodies used and there was minimal background synaptophysin syn IF was unaffected by heating and immunoreactivity of the LA nerve growth factor pngfr and the neural cell adhesion molecule ncam were lost the enhanced PCD of neuronal and glial antigens in routinely prepared formalinfixed archival material should facilitate C1 retrospective clinicopathologic studies designed to assess the prognostic implications of differentiation in pnets and to better understand the biology of these PT
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protein expression in the heart is altered following periods of myocardial ischemia the changes in protein expression are associated with increased cell size that can be maladaptive there is little information regarding the regulation of protein expression through the process of mrna translation during ischemia and reperfusion in the HR therefore the purpose of this T0 was to identify changes in signaling pathways and downstream RII mechanisms of mrna translation in an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion NF were collected from rats whose LM coronary arteries had either been occluded for min or reversibly occluded for min and subsequently reperfused for min following reperfusion both the phosphoinositide kinase and MAP kinase pathways were activated as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of akt pkb extracellular signalregulated kinase and p MAP kinase activation of akt stimulated signaling through the protein kinase rat TOR as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of two of its effectors the ribosomal protein s kinase and the eukaryotic initiation factor eife IB protein ischemia and reperfusion also resulted in increased phosphorylation of eif and eifb these changes in protein phosphorylation suggest that control of mrna translation following ischemia and reperfusion is modulated through a number of signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms
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in conditions characterized by airway inflammation exhaled nitric oxide eno C2 are increased VL degrees of ai are present in SD LTR ltr and may lead to airway CR and chronic graft dysfunction the hypothesis tested is that in stable ltr eno concentrations would reflect the expression of inducible inos but not constitutive cnos nitric oxide synthase in the bronchial epithelium as well as the degree of airway inflammation we determined eno concentrations in stable ltr free of infection rejection or obliterative bronchiolitis ob at routine bronchoscopy we measured the differential cell count on BAL lavage bal and a quantitative assessment of inos and cnos expression in endobronchial biopsies by immunohistochemistry mean sem eno concentrations in SD ltr were not significantly different from control subjects ppb versus p percent bal neutrophils was which was significantly higher than in a group of local control subjects p the bronchial epithelium and lamina propria contained abundant inos but cnos was present only in the lamina propria using regression analysis percent bal neutrophils r p and inos expression in the bronchial epithelium r p but not in the lamina propria r p were positively predictive of eno there was an inverse relationship between cnos and eno we conclude that eno concentrations although normal for the group still reflect the degree of airway inflammation in stable ltr epithelial inos appears to be the L1 source of eno and expression of cnos may be downregulated with increasing inos expression
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patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease due to ascaris lumbricoides infection were studied patients had DU ascariasis biliary ascariasis hepatic ascariasis gall bladder ascariasis and pancreatic ascariasis five clinical presentations were recognised acute cholecystitis patients acute cholangitis biliary colic acute one and hepatic abscess ascarides in the duodenum which were seen to invade only the ampullary orifice induced either severe biliary colic or episodes of acute one patients had pyogenic cholangitis and were managed by surgical or endoscopic biliary decompression and drainage removal of worms from the ampullary orifice and their SE by mouth led to rapid relief of biliary colic patients and acute pancreatitis patients died AP pyogenic cholangitis hepatic abscess in patients worms persisted in the biliary tree at weeks dead worms were removed from the biliary tree by surgery patients or with an endoscopic basket worms moved out of the ductal system in patients during a mean followup of months sd patients had worm reinvasion of the biliary tree due to ascaris reinfection intrahepatic duct and bile duct calculi developed in patients in whom dead worms formed the nidus of stones
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to improve surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis and obesity by using of different technologies of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
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a high proportion of peritoneal cells from untreated mice after DIC develop into plaqueforming cells against bromelaintreated mouse red blood cells the number of plaqueforming cells was increased significantly by exposing the RPC to ammonium chloride to lyse red blood cells before SC conversely the increase was significantly inhibited by adding before SC UT or bromelaintreated sheep or mouse red blood cells treated or UT horse or rat red blood cells did not inhibit the increase treating peritoneal cells or subpopulations of peritoneal cells with antitheta SS and complement before SC caused a significant increase in the number of plaqueforming cells against bromelaintreated red blood cells after days of culture various procedures were used to fractionate peritoneal cells into bcell EC and bcell depleted subpopulations before SC and T3 SC to investigate whether some of the PFCs could be attributed to phagocytic cells generally changes in the number of plaqueforming cells against bromelaintreated mouse red blood cells paralleled changes in bcells in some experiments the proportion of PFCs observed represented up to of the bcells present the results suggest that the high level of autoreactivity is due to antibody production by bcells and that phagocytic cells are not forming spurious plaques further it appears that the autoimmunity is regulated by tcells and can also be inhibited by mouse rbc
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the estuarine clam polymesoda solida is the main fishery resource in the salamanca island NK park i sampled the clam in three interconnected lagoons poza verde el torno and atascosa during the rainy period april to november sixty individuals were monthly collected by hand on each lagoon to analyze two condition indexes relationship between body and shell weight and between soft dry and wet weight yield meat percentage and lengthweight relationships maturity of female gonad smears was assessed on the remaining individuals measures of salinity temperature ph DO transparency and depth were also taken at the collection places increases of the condition indexes occurred when the magdalena river showed some decreases in its level especially at poza verde and el torno the condition indexes were higher at mm range where maturity size was reached clams from poza verde the lagoon nearest to the magdalena river had the highest values in condition indexes yield fresh weight and maturity frequency yield was directly correlated to the condition indexes and sexual maturity the condition index body weightshell weight showed a highest multiple regression coefficient with salinity ph and transparency r indicating the relevance of the hydrological regime in the regulation of the condition of the organisms p solida seems to be more adapted to the lowest salinities of the system corresponding to poza verde where the influence of the magdalena river is more direct and steady additionally differences found between sites in the assessed variables emphasize the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity of this kind of lagoon estuaries and should be taken into account for future fisheries management in the rainy period and conservation of p solida populations
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a series of fortyfive patients with low velocity gunshot wounds to the spine and pelvis were followed up for at least eight weeks to determine the incidence of pyogenic osteomyelitis and the role of debridement and fragment removal in its prevention four cases of OM were found and although debridement was not frequently done the incidence of osteomyelitis was higher following debridement than it was without debridement the most important cause appeared to be spread of contiguous IA abscesses into the injured paravertebral muscles and spine if an intraabdominal abscess did not develop the presence of gastrointestinal injury did not predispose the patient to osteomyelitis based on this study we can conclude that debridement and fragment removal of the spine and pelvic bones are unnecessary for low velocity missile wounds
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PG inhibitor proteins pgips protect plants against invasion by diverse microbial and invertebrate enemies that use polygalacturonase pg to breach the plant cell wall directed mutagenesis has identified specific NK mutations conferring novel defensive capability in green bean pgip against a specific fungal pg these same CS are identified as positively selected by phylogenetic codonsubstitution models demonstrating the utility of such models for connecting retrospective comparative analyses with contemporary ecologically relevant variation
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the purpose of scintigraphic imaging is not to explore the morphology of an organ or its abnormalities but rather its functional and metabolic characteristics it is thus important that a molecular structure eg a hormonal receptor or an antigen closely linked to the PET activity of an organ or tissue be targeted on its cell surface such diagnostic targeting requires the synthesis and labeling of a radiopharmaceutical substance TPS for the receptor or antigen in question it also requires a detection system adapted to count rates and signaltobackground ratios generally moderate the synthesis of new radiopharmaceutical agents a critical stage for the future of nuclear medicine is a long and often risky process in which success is difficult to foresee radiolabeling must be SD in vitro and in vivo and the radiopharmaceutical must subsequently retain its capability of recognizing the targeted molecule in endocrinology the exemplary achievement in this direction has been the synthesis of iiodomethylnorcholesterol and imetaiodobenzylquanidine for functional scintigraphy of the adrenal SC and medulla progress in detection equipment has been marked by the development of monophotonic tomoscintigraphy using gamma cameras with a revolving head to obtain slices in different spatial planes showing the distribution in the organism of the injected radiopharmaceutical agent
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an association between anogenital distance agd and endometriosis has been reported suggesting that agd may be a useful clinical tool in endometriosis the predictive ability of agd of women in discriminating presence and type of EM was examined a casecontrol study was conducted at the UH virgen de la arrixaca murcia spain between and a total of participants diagnosed with endometriosis using ultrasound findings and controls were recruited two agd measurements were obtained one from the anterior clitoral surface to the upper verge of the anus agd
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technological advancements in the health care field have always impacted the health care practices nursing practice has also been greatly influenced by the technology in the recent years use of information technology including computers handheld digital devices internet has T3 the nursing by bridging the gap from nursing as an art to nursing as science in every sphere of nursing practice nursing research nursing education and nursing informatics play aof biologically active agents have been recently developed for potential biomedical applications in the present work in vitro experiments aimed at assessing the decontamination potential of a cold icp source were carried out on bacteria typically associated with chronic wounds and designed to represent a realistic wound environment further in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the effects of plasmairradiated physiological saline solution on eukaryotic cells viability a thorough characterization of the plasma source and process for what concerns ultraviolet uv radiation and nitric oxide production as well as the variation of ph and the generation of nitrates and nitrites in the treated liquid media was carried out to garner fundamental insights that could help the interpretation of biological experiments direct plasma treatment of bacterial cells performed at safe level of uv radiation induces a relevant decontamination both on agar plate and in physiological saline solution after just min of treatment furthermore the indirect treatment of eukaryotic cells carried out by covering them with PSS irradiated by plasma in the same conditions selected for the direct treatment of bacterial cells does not show any noticeable adverse effect to their viability some considerations regarding the role of the uv radiation on the decontamination potential of bacterial cells and the viability of the eukaryotic ones will be presented moreover the effects of ph variation nitrate and nitrite concentrations of the plasmairradiated PS solution on the decontamination of bacterial suspension and on the viability of eukaryotic cells subjected to the indirect treatment will be discussed the obtained results will be used to optimize the design of the icp source for an ERP production of reactive species while keeping effluent temperature and uv radiation at values compatible with biomedical treatments
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intracellular recordings were made from neurons in dorsal root ganglia drg of rats isolated in vitro the depolarization of drg cells caused by the application of GABA acid gaba diminished reversibly when penicillin mm was added to the bathing fluid the decrease of the input resistance of drg cells measured during gaba perfusion was also depressed in the presence of penicillin but no evidence of a shift of the reversal potential of the gabainduced depolarization was found nor did penicillin up to mm cause a NC in the voltagecurrent CF in electrical excitability in the inclination to repetitive firing bursting discharge or after discharge in decapitate cat preparation the amplitude of the negative dorsal root potential drp or dr v diminished by after the iv administration of x iukg the convulsant dose of penicillin posttetanic depression of the drp was aggravated by penicillin the degree of depression of the drp bore no relationship to the promptness of the eruption and to the intensity of the seizure activity induced by penicillin the rates of rise and fall of the negative drp dr v were consistently slowed the positive drp dr vi reduced and the dorsal root reflex drr blocked by penicillin GABA reflex effects presumed to be presynaptic were either enhanced or unchanged never depressed by penicillin this was seen when GABA CF was gauged by MSR reflex amplitude and also from the inhibition of ventral root electrotonic excitatory postsynaptic potentials vp epsps possible explanations of these seemingly paradoxical findings are discussed with arguments in favor and against each
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thirtyeight cases of histologically confirmed CMF were reviewed and their radiographic features recorded these findings coupled with a review of the englishlanguage medical literature suggest that this rare benign bone tumor has a characteristic but not TPS radiographic appearance and may often mimic more common PT chondromyxoid fibroma may occur anywhere in the skeleton but almost half of the cases occur around the knee the possibility of CMF should always be considered when a focal bone lesion is evaluated that has geographic bone destruction a sclerotic rim lobulated margins and septation the diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma is most likely when the patient is in the nd decade of life
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human protein and amino acid nutrition encompasses a wide complex frequently misunderstood and often contentious area of clinical research and practice this tutorial explains the basic PSA and physiologic principles that underlie our current understanding of protein and amino acid nutrition the following topics are discussed the identity measurement and essentiality of nutritional proteins the definition and determination of minimum requirements nutrition adaptation obligatory nitrogen excretion and the minimum protein requirement minimum versus optimum protein intakes metabolic responses to surfeit and deficient protein intakes body composition and protein requirements labile protein n balance the principles of protein and CAA turnover including an analysis of the controversial indicator amino acid oxidation technique GA guidelines for evaluating protein turnover articles CAA turnover versus clearance the protein content of hydrated CAA solutions protein requirements in special situations including proteincatabolic critical illness amino acid supplements and additives including monosodium glutamate and glutamine and a perspective on the future of protein and amino acid nutrition research in addition to providing practical information this tutorial aims to demonstrate the importance of rigorous physiologic reasoning stimulate intellectual curiosity and encourage fresh ideas in this dynamic area of human nutrition in GA references are provided only for topics that are not well covered in modern textbooks
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techniques for examining signals in the time and frequency domains are wellestablished tools these tools have their limitations they tell us in a broad sense where the signal component exists in the frequency domain but they do not tell us how its frequency characteristics NC over time the TF has become a powerful alternative for the analysis of signals among various timefrequency CSD methods one of the most studied is the wignerville distribution the aim of this study was to evaluate in conscious rats smoothed pseudo wignerville distribution spwvd as an alternative to the fast fourier transform fft in rr intervals and in systolic blood pressure sbp before and after adrenergic and cholinergic ARB fourteen wistar rats equipped with telemetry probe were evaluated under control conditions after i.t. of saline microl kg iv after atenolol mg kg iv after atropine methyl nitrate mg kg iv and after phentolamine mg kg iv fft and spwvd were applied to rr intervals and sbp time series sixminute time series of rr intervals systolic and diastolic pressures were analysed the bias and CSD of differences between fft and spwvd methods in rr intervals under base conditions were r p in lflfhf r p in hflfhf and r p in lfhf in sbp the bias and distribution were r p in lflfhf and r p in hflfhf in the frequency domain analysis of rr intervals and sbp there was no difference between fft and spwvd the agreement between the methods demonstrates that in stationary signals both methods can be used interchangeably spwvd may be an interesting tool to analyse biomedical signals it provides a good resolution at VHF and a good frequency resolution at low frequencies independently if signals remain stationary
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mitochondria bacteria and chloroplasts use the free SE stored in TM ion gradients to manufacture atp by the action of atp synthase this enzyme consists of two principal domains the asymmetric membranespanning f portion contains the proton channel and the soluble f portion contains three catalytic sites which cooperate in the synthetic reactions the flow of protons through f is thought to generate a torque which is transmitted to f by an asymmetric shaft the coiledcoil gammasubunit this acts as a rotating cam within f sequentially releasing atps from the three AS CS the freeenergy difference across the IM of mitochondria and bacteria is sufficient to produce three atps per twelve protons passing through the motor it has been suggested that this proton motive force biases the rotors diffusion so that f constitutes a rotary motor turning the gamma shaft here we show that biased DWI augmented by electrostatic forces does indeed generate sufficient torque to account for atp production moreover the motors reversibilitysupplying torque from atp hydrolysis in f converts the motor into an efficient proton pumpcan also be explained by our MM
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the objective of this methodological pilot T0 was to make a contribution to the frenchlanguage validation of the depressive ACL dacl set of forms e f g trait version lubin and to that of the multiple affect adjective check list maaclr zuckerman lubin the importance of the study was to validate the frenchlanguage translation of these instruments to assess nonclinical depression or dysphoria and affect in two french and englishspeaking convenience sample groups the check lists were administered to canadian subjects years of age and over of both sexes from rural Az in the provinces of quebec and ontario canada in order to ensure that the words chosen carried the same connotation as in the english language a translationretranslation technique was used the data collected from this study suggest that the dacl form g would be most valid to use with either language andor site in the protocol for future studies
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to determine if patients with fibromyalgia syndrome fms are more susceptible to activityinduced muscle damage than are HS
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substitution of the phosphonamidate linkage ponh for the peptide bond conh in substratelike sequences produces inhibitors of human skin fibroblast MMP-8 with kis far below km for the native collagen substrate using a thiol ester substrate at ph phthaloylglypiletrpsnhchmeph the phosphonamidate analog of phthaloylglyiletrpsnhchmeph has a ki of nm peptide phosphonamidates with amino acid sequences extended further to the RA or the left of the glyiletrp CS had higher kis substitution of the phosphinate linkage poch for the peptide bond also gives potent inhibitors such as napthoylglypcleutrpnhbzl the phosphinate analog of naphtholylglyleutrpnhbzl which has a ki of nm some of the phosphonamidates and phosphinates are also excellent inhibitors of the bacterial zinc metalloproteases thermubtypes of alpha adrenoceptor alpha a and alpha b proportions of the alpha a and alpha b binding sites were about in the FC cortex and in the hippocampus pretreatment of the CM with chlorethylclonidine cec almost abolished the alpha b IB CS inhibition of the binding of hprazosin studied with antidepressants imipramine desipramine MAP and mianserin showed that these drugs bound to alpha ARs with LA in an apparent monophasic manner the characteristics of the alpha a and alpha b IB CS were studied by the IB CA with hprazosin in the presence of a small concentration nm of wb to mask the alpha a binding sites as well as the CA without wb for the total alpha adrenoceptor alpha a and alpha b binding repeated treatment with electroconvulsive shock increased but that with imipramine decreased the density of the alpha b binding CS in the frontal cortex without NC of the affinity neither treatment affected the alpha a IB sites in the FC SC the alpha adrenoceptors alpha a and alpha b in the hippocampus were not affected at all by these repeated treatments the electroconvulsive shockinduced increase in the alpha b IB CS in the frontal cortex of the rat could contribute to differences in clinical effects between electroconvulsive shock and antidepressant drugs
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a randomized doubleblind trial of iron replacement after repeated blood donation was conducted in menstruating women completed the T0 volunteers were assigned randomly to one of three treatment CG carbonyl iron nontoxic elemental iron powder mg ferrous sulfate mg mg fe or PL each given three times daily for week immediately after blood donation blood samples obtained initially and days later were tested for hemoglobin mean corpuscular volume mcv FEP SS ferritin SI total iron IB capacity tibc and percent saturation of tibc the prevalence of gastrointestinal side effects was similar in both CG taking iron at the end of the study there was no laboratory evidence of NC in iron status in women who received carbonyl iron n in those treated with ferrous sulfate n the mean tibc increased p less than and in the placebo group n there were decreases in mean mcv p less than SS FER p less than and percent saturation p with an increase in mean tibc p carbonyl iron seems to be ERP for shortterm iron replacement in repeat blood donors and may have the advantage of decreased or absent risk of poisoning if accidentally ingested by children
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single cysteine mutants of calmodulin camsc and camnc have been specifically labelled with alexa maleimide to study the effects of calcium on the structural dynamics of calmodulin complexed with iq iq and iq target peptide motifs of mouse unconventional myosinv using phase fluorometry the timeresolved anisotropy shows wellseparated global and segmental rho times the calciumsensitive global motion of either calmodulin domain can be independently monitored in domainspecific interactions of either apo or CaM with iq or iq peptides cdomain interactions predominate and apondomain interactions are unexpectedly weak the complex of cacalmodulin with iq behaves as a compact globular species the results demonstrate novel dynamic aspects of calmoduliniq interactions relating to the calcium regulation of motility of unconventional myosin
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the ingestive behavior of decerebrate rats has been studied for some time yet little is known of its neural substrates while taste SF in rats proceed from hindbrain to TH and ventral forebrain these regions return centrifugal fibers to the hindbrain by which lowerorder taste activity may be influenced we examined the functional characteristics of taste neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii nts of chronic decerebrate rats in which this reciprocal communication was disrupted and compared them with those of intact controls nine WR were decerebrated at the supracollicular level T3 a minimum of one week recovery they were immobilized with flaxedil anesthetized locally and prepared for recording the responses of taste cells were isolated bilaterally from the nts of these animals while the activity of additional SN was recorded from IN rats under the same conditions taste stimuli included nali salts sugars hcl and citric acids quinine hcl and nasaccharin mean spontaneous activity in decerebrates was spikess lower than the level in IN animals mean evoked activity was reduced by analyses of the effects of CS- quality intensity and time course of the responses all indicated that the decrease in activity was attributable to the inability of taste cells in decerebrate rats to respond to demands for high discharge rates this deficit could be responsible for the failure of these animals to develop conditioned taste aversions SN from decerebrate S9 did however retain the broad sensitivity across stimuli that characterized taste cells in intact S9 it was also typical that most neuron response profiles from decerebrates could be grouped into loose clusters with peak sensitivities to acidsalt salt or sugar an analysis of similarities among stimulus activity profiles indicated that nali salts sugars and an acidquinine complex represented groups of CS- quality in IN animals the primary distinction was between sweet and nonsweet stimuli moreover the response to sodium CS lost its bitter component in decerebrates these findings were in general PA with those derived from acute decerebrate rats
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stimuli that preferentially activate rapidly adapting cutaneous receptors impair proprioception in the fingers these experiments assessed potential mechanisms the ability to detect passive movements about interphalangeal joints of the fingers was measured when vibrotactile stimuli were applied to the moving digit or to an adjacent digit at a VHF hz and low amplitude microm peaktopeak that favours activation of pacinian corpuscle pc afferents PCD of movement was significantly impaired when vibration was applied to either digit however vibration applied to an anaesthetized adjacent digit caused no impairment impairment of proprioception was still observed when only skin and joint but not muscle afferents could contribute to PCD but was not significant with only muscle afferents IN during anaesthesia of the moving digit we suggest that activation of pc afferents either in or near the moving digit impairs movement detection through an interaction predominantly between the classes of cutaneous afferents
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to develop a method for the rapid monitoring of five components during the alcohol precipitation process of shenzhiling oral solution using near infrared spectroscopynirsthe contents of five components detemined by high performance liquid chromatographyhplc were used as the reference values and the nirs based partial least square regressionplsr models were used to monitor the concentrations of PF albiflorin liquiritin cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid during the alcohol precipitation process of shenzhiling oral solution which were optimized and verified through comparing of different spectral preprocessing and variables selection methods determination coefficientsrcal and rpred root mean squares error of prediction rmsep root mean squares error of calibrationrmsec and ratiao of performance to deviationrpd were applied to evaluate the performance of the models and the corresponding values were and gâ¢lâ»Â¹ gâ¢lâ»Â¹ and for paeoniforin gâ¢lâ»Â¹ gâ¢lâ»Â¹ and for albiforin gâ¢lâ»Â¹ gâ¢lâ»Â¹ and for liquiritin gâ¢lâ»Â¹ gâ¢lâ»Â¹ and for cinnamic acid gâ¢lâ»Â¹ gâ¢lâ»Â¹ for glycyrrhizic acid respectively the results indicated that the presented approach was effectively for the quantitative monitoring of the alcohol precipitation process of shenzhiling oral solution
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charcot osteoarthropathy of the foot is a chronic and progressive disease of bone and joint associated with a risk of amputation the main problems encountered in this process are osteopenia fragmentation of the bones of the foot and ankle joint subluxation or even dislocation ulceration of the skin and the development of deep sepsis we report our experience of a series of patients with charcot osteoarthropathy of the foot and ankle treated with an ilizarov external fixator the mean age of the group was years to diabetes mellitus was the underlying cause in patients five had chronic ulcers involving the foot and ankle each patient had an open lengthening of the tendo achillis with excision of all necrotic and loose bone from the ankle subtalar and midtarsal joints when needed the resulting defect was packed with cof this integrative review will aid leaders and managers to use succession planning as a tool in their recruitment retention mentoring and administration activities and also provide insights for future OD of healthcare succession planning frameworks
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purpose investigation of dry eye and corneal langerhans cells lcs in SLE erythematosus sle methods prospective consecutive case series of sle patients and control subjects dry eye was evaluated by lidparallel conjunctival folds lipcof schirmer test tear breakup time tbut and ocular surface disease index osdi questionnaire in vivo investigation of corneal lcs density and morphology lcm was performed with confocal corneal microscopy heidelberg retina tomograph with rostock cornea module results tear production and stability were pathological in sle subjects compared to control schirmer ± mm min versus ± mm min tbut ± s versus ± s osdi was significantly greater in sle patients ± than in controls ± central lc density was greater in sle patients ± cellmm than in controls ± cellmm there was no difference in the IP lc density ± versus ± cellmm lcm was higher in sle patients in the centre ± and in the periphery ± compared to controls centre ± periphery ± conclusions significant changes in dry eye parameters and marked increase of central lcs could be demonstrated in sle patients sle alters not only the lc density but also the morphology modifies corneal homeostasis and might contribute to the development of dry eye
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three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rapeseed meal on intake by cattle in the first experiment the effect of increasing RSM level on intake growth and performance of growing beef steers was evaluated in the second experiment the effect of extrusion glucosinolate reduction on supplement NI by steers was evaluated in the third experiment the effect of increasing dietary RSM level on supplement NI was evaluated in the first experiment RSM replaced soybean meal at or of the supplemental protein DMI CP NI and serum thyroxine C2 were decreased linearly p with increasing level of RSM in the supplement protein sources used in exp were soybean meal rapeseed meal extruded rapeseed meal and soybean meal containing rapeseed oil at the same level as the rapeseed meal in exp the protein sources were composed of different combinations of rapeseed meal and soybean meal rapeseed meal RSM and soybean meal RSM and soybean meal and soybean meal supplement NI was measured at and h after FF in both experiments extrusion treatment which reduced glucosinolate content in RSM did not improve p supplement intake rapeseed meal resulted in lower supplement intakes at and h than the soybean meal and soybean mealrapeseed oil supplements p abstract truncated at words
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the crystallographic structures of chlorocatechol dioxygenase ccd complexes with dichlorocatechol protocatechuate dihydroxybenzoate hydroxyquinol benzentriol and pyrogallol benzentriol which act as substrates or inhibitors of the enzyme have been determined and analyzed ccd from the GP bacterium rhodococcus opacus cp is a feiii ion containing enzyme specialized in the aerobic biodegradation of chlorocatechols the structures of the ccd complexes show that the catechols bind the catalytic iron ion in a bidentate mode displacing tyr and the benzoate ion found in the native enzyme structure from the metal coordination sphere as found in other adducts of intradiol dioxygenases with substrates the analysis of the present structures allowed to identify the residues selectively involved in recognition of the diverse substrates furthermore the structural comparison with the corresponding complexes of catechol dioxygenase from the same rhodococcus CS rhoctd highlights significant differences in the IB of the tested catechols to the AS site of the enzyme particularly in the orientation of the aromatic ring substituents as an example the substituted catechols are bound with the substituent oriented towards the external part of the ccd AS site cavity whereas in the rhoctd complexes the substituents were placed in the internal position the present crystallographic study shed light on the mechanism that allows ATP recognition inside this class of high TPS enzymes involved in the biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants
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electrophysiological recording together with anterograde and VA axonal tracers was used to provide a comprehensive description of the origin and distribution of the olfactory input to the lateral hypothalamus this input was much more substantial to the caudal part of the hypothalamus than to the rostral part and originates from several different areas of the olfactory cortex positive responses to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb were found consistently in the PL hypothalamus but only occasionally at more rostral levels in agreement with this i.v. of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase wgahrp in the posterior half of the lateral hypothalamus labeled cells in four cortical Az that receive input from the olfactory bulb the anterior olfactory nucleus the piriform SC in the deepest layer or ventral endopiriform nucleus the olfactory tubercle in the deep polymorphic SL and the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala i.v. of wgahrp in the anterolateral hypothalamus labeled cells only in the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala anterograde axonal tracing confirmed these projections injections of hleucine in the AON the piriform SC and the olfactory tubercle produced axonal label that was CS and confined to the medial forebrain bundle in the rostral hypothalamus but was more substantial and D2 throughout the lateral Thy area caudally i.v. in the anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus labeled axons in the anterior hypothalamus and in the premammillary nuclei as well as in the PL hypothalamic area in addition a projection was demonstrated to the nuclei gemini from the polymorphic zone deep to the olfactory tubercle injections of two fluorescent VA tracers into the MD and the PL hypothalamus showed that cells projecting to both diencephalic sites were intermingled in all of the olfactory cortical Az except the anterior olfactory nucleus where cells were labeled only from the hypothalamus in the deep layer of the piriform SC and in the anterior cortical CAN cells were also double labeled indicating that they send collateral axons to both parts of the diencephalon
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familial alzheimers disease ad mostly associated with early ON is caused by mutations in three genes app psen and psen involved in the production of the amyloid β peptide in contrast the molecular mechanisms that trigger the most common late ON sporadic ad remain largely unknown with the implementation of an increasing number of casecontrol studies and the upcoming of largescale genomewide association studies there is a mounting list of genetic risk factors associated with common genetic variants that have been associated with sporadic ad besides apolipoprotein e that presents a strong association with the disease or⼠the rest of these genes have moderate or low degrees of association with or ranging from to taking together these genes may account only for a fraction of the attributable ad risk and therefore rare SCV and epistastic gene interactions should be taken into account in order to get the full picture of the genetic risks associated with ad here we review recent wholeexome studies looking for rare variants somatic BB mutations with a strong association to the disease and several studies dealing with epistasis as additional mechanisms conferring genetic susceptibility to ad altogether recent evidence underlines the importance of defining molecular and genetic pathways and networks rather than the contribution of specific genes
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omeprazole is widely prescribed in the form of EC formulations due to the rapid Kd of the drug in the acidic condition of the stomach in the current article we are reporting the development and complete validation of a stability indicating chiral highperformance liquid chromatography hplc method for the enantioselective analysis of omeprazole in the entericcoated formulations a precise and sensitive enantiomeric separation of omeprazole was obtained on chiralcel odh analytical column mm à mm μm particle size using normal phase chromatography the analysis was performed under uv detection at nm wavelength during method OD the addition of methanol to the mobile phase helped in getting the sharp peaks the developed method showed linear response over a wide concentration range of μgml and the regression coefficients value r was obtained more than for s and romeprazole the lower limit of detection llod and lower limit of quantification lloq for romeprazole were found to be and μgml respectively for μl i.t. volume the percentage recovery of romeprazole ranged from to in spiked formulation samples and omeprazole sample solution and mobile phase were found to be SD for at least h at RT the proposed method was found to be suitable and accurate for the quantitative determination of undesired enantiomer in the EC omeprazole formulations
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quiescent longterm hematopoietic stem cells lthscs are efficiently activated by type i interferon ifni however this effect remains poorly investigated in the context of ifniinducing virus infections here we report that both VSV-G vsv and mu cytomegalovirus mcmv infection induce lthsc activation that substantially differs from the effects triggered upon injection of synthetic ifniinducing agents in both infections inflammatory responses had to exceed local thresholds within the bone marrow to confer lthsc Tc entry and ifni receptor triggering was not critical for this activation after resolution of acute mcmv infection lthscs returned to phenotypic quiescence however nonacute mcmv infection induced a sustained inflammatory milieu within the bone marrow that was associated with longlasting impairment of lthsc function in conclusion our results show that systemic virus infections fundamentally affect lthscs and that also nonacute inflammatory stimuli in bone marrow donors can affect the reconstitution potential of bone marrow transplants
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the raw material of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate was examined for the preparation of the hydrocortisone sodium phosphate REF standard analytical data obtained were as follows ph optical rotation alphad degrees infrared spectrum same as that of bp reference standard of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate thinlayer chromatography no impurities were detected highperformance liquid chromatography hplc kinds of small amount of impurities were detected CA by the enzyme method and by the hplc method in terms of the bp REF standard based on the above results this raw material was authorized to be the reference standard of the national institute of hygienic sciences
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mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder depression and schizophrenia are a major public health concern worldwide several pharmacologic agents acting on MA neurotransmission are used for the management of these disorders however there is still little understanding of the ultimate molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of these drugs or their relations with disease etiology here i provide an overview of recent advances on the involvement of the signalling molecules akt and GSK gsk in the regulation of behaviour by the MA neurotransmitters dopamine da and serotonin ht i examine the possible participation of these signalling molecules to the effects of antidepressants lithium and antipsychotics as well as their possible contribution to mental disorders regulation of akt and gsk may constitute an important signalling hub in the subcellular integration of ht and da neurotransmission it may also provide a link between the action of these neurotransmitters and gene products like disrupted in schizophrenia disc and neuregulin nrg that are associated with increased risk for mental disorders however changes in akt and gsk signalling are not restricted to a single disorder and their contribution to TPS behavioural symptoms or therapeutic effects may be modulated by broader changes in biologic contexts or signalling landscapes understanding these interactions may provide a better understanding of mental illnesses leading to better efficacy of new therapeutic approaches
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summary this study describes the isolation and molecular characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus mrv in microbats faecal samples and dead individuals available from rehabilitation centres or collected from known roost sites were virologically tested in total carcasses of bats found dead and faecal samples were analysed nineteen viral strains were isolated by in vitro cell culture from faecal and tissue samples of different bat species pipistrellus khulii tadarida teniotis rhinolophus hipposideros and vespertilio murinus and they were morphologically identified as reoviruses by negative staining electron microscopy observation the definitive assignment of all isolates to mrv was confirmed by rtpcr assays targeting the l gene through a multiplex rtpcr assay targeting the s gene we typed of isolates as mrv type partial l bp and complete s bp sequences of the isolates were analysed and compared with those of reference strains obtained from genbank belonging to the three serotypes molecular analysis of the s gene revealed that the CAA residues associated with neurotropism nlairlp i d and e were highly conserved among the italian bat strains these results suggest that potentially neurotropic mrv type strains are widespread among italian bats furthermore the ID of mrv type in bat species such as pipistrellus khulii which is common in urban areas and known for its close contact with humans underlines the need for vigilance
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the feasibility of using the rhesus monkey as a nonhuman primate model for testing the efficacy of a contraceptive vaccine based on fa antigen was evaluated affinitypurified antifa polyclonal antibodies fab fragments and antifa monoclonal antibody were used as probes in these studies antifa antibodies polyclonal fab as well as monoclonal igg predominantly reacted with the postacrosomal midpiece and tail regions of Rh monkey sperm as with human sperm by an indirect immunofluorescence technique ift these antibodies also specifically recognized a single protein band of kda corresponding to the dimeric form of fa antigen on a western blot of lithium diiodosalicylate lissolubilized monkey sperm antifa antibodies when present in the insemination mixture inhibited the in vitro fertilization ivf of monkey oocytes these results indicate that fa antigen in rhesus monkey sperm is similar in subcellular localization molecular identity and CF to that in human sperm and that the Rh monkey represents a permissible NHP MM in which the tau of a contraceptive vaccine based on fa antigen can be tested
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activity of calciumactivated neutral protease canp or calpain an enzyme responsible for Kd of axonal and muscle CSK elements was determined in brain sciatic nerve and GM of hens given triorthotolyl phosphate totp mgkg po or active congener phenyl saligenin phosphate psp mgkg im with and without a calcium channel blocker which ameliorated clinical signs of organophosphateinduced OPIDN nifedipine mgkgday x calcium channel blocker administration was initiated day prior to administration of organophosphate op op administration caused an increase in canp activity in BB within days and in sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle within days of administration this increase did not occur if nifedipine was administered to psptreated hens total sciatic nerve calcium concentrations were also increased by psp but not until optreated hens were no longer being po calcium blockers this indicates that calcium channel blockers may contribute to amelioration of organophosphateinduced delayed neuropathy by attenuation of calciummediated disruption of axonal and muscle CSK homeostasis
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seventytwo growing pigs were fed one of nine dietary treatments that provided a range of ca and p C2 arranged in a twofactor CE composite design two pigs per treatment T3 either t or t wk and four pigs per treatment after t wk were slaughtered and the femur f and third mt and fourth mt metatarsal bones were collected for DUE of mechanical properties force stress and modulus of elasticity ash weight ashw percent ash pash and bone mineral content bmc using photon absorptiometry stepwise SRA utilized to generate bestfit equations predicted that dietary ca and p levels could reliably predict force r ashw r and bmc r of the mt bones but the prediction of force differed at the various time periods stress r the modulus of elasticity r and pash r were not reliably predicted by dietary mineral levels the amount of force withstood by the mt bone could be reliably predicted by bmc r but stress was not reliably predicted by bmc r even if dietary ca C2 were considered these results indicated that dietary ca C2 between and and dietary p C2 between and did not adversely affect growth efficiency or bone OD the bmc as determined by photon absorptiometry was not a reliable predictor of bone strength
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sulforaphene sfe a natural isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables has shown a potential anticancer effect against cervical and LC palliative treatments like photodynamic therapy pdt are being implemented for a long time however the results are still not promising in case of aggressive cancers like anaplastic TC the objective of this work is to establish an alternative method with the combination of photofrinpdt and sulforaphene a natural isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables against human ATC to enhance the tau of pdt in this study cell viability of fro cells due to combination treatment was analyzed by mtt CA Tc arrest mmp depolarization and ros generation analyzed by flow cytometry western blot analysis of various proliferative proteins was performed to assess the activity of combination treatment against fro cells from the results sulforaphene CT showed no cytotoxicity against normal cells however combination of sulforaphene and PF mediated pdt showed a noticeable decrease in cell proliferation against fro cells combination treatment synergistically caused Tc arrest via ros generation and mmp depolarization the expressions of ras mek erk braf proteins significantly modulated due to combination treatment pdt and sfe can induce apoptosis in ATC cells individually but while treated in combination it enhanced the AI and antiproliferative effect much higher than the individual doses in summary our work designates sulforaphene as a unique NK enhancer of efficacy with pdt against ATC
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the response of strongly beevenomallergic patients to HP venom allergens was compared using skin prick test titration IP blood leukocyte pbl HR and radioallergosorbent test with three highly purified bee venom allergens phospholipase pla hyaluronidase hyal and acid phosphatase acid p sensitivity to the three allergens ranked in the same order for all three tests and in each case pla was found to the most potent allergen in the presence of hyperimmune beekeeper plasma maximum HR was reduced significantly for all three allergens p less than furthermore hyperimmune beekeeper plasma increased the amount of allergen required for a comparable release of histamine mean shift in dilution curve pla fold hyal fold acid p fold the release of histamine from whole blood was also compared with pbl normal human serum nhs for all three allergens maximum PR was much lower from whole blood compared with washed cells nhs p less than these data confirm pla as the L1 BV allergen by all three tests hyperimmune beekeeper plasma reduces maximum HR and increases its threshold histamine release in response to acid p appears harder to block with hyperimmune beekeeper plasma than that provoked by pla or hyal p less than whole blood releases less histamine and requires more allergen than washed cells indicating that sensitivity of pbl in vivo is unlikely to be as great as washed pbl in vitro
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interleukin plays a key role in the regulation of hematopoiesis one of the major controlling mechanisms of il activites is mediated through ilra in this report we investigated whether ilra might CF as a true negative growth regulator of hematopoietic cells the effect of rilra on the proliferation of early and lateappearing cfus was assessed in regenerating bone marrow during the recovery T3 sublethal damage by xirradiation to this reg bone marrow cells of cbah mice obtained days T3 gy irradiation were preincubated min to hr with increasing concentrations of rilra ngml to determine the proliferative activity of cfusd and cfusd cytosinearabinoside was added for the last hr of incubation the results revealed signdonset group and there were no significant differences in duration of diabetes treatment body mass index fpg FI level homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance cs and loginsulin sensitivity index between them worsening AF of glycemic control in japanese subjects with type diabetes mellitus were elevated fpg impaired firstphase insulin secretion and young age of ON of the disease because glycemic control in the subjects with youngonset diabetes tends to be worse early and aggressive intervention should be required for those with youngonset diabetes to prevent longterm complications
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the authors provide a researchbased construct of youth program SQ that differentiates safety support interaction and engagement four important issues for practitioners working with youth in the middle years they describe two tools that have helped direct staff to be intentional about creating offerings that are appropriate for early adolescents the focusing idea of pointofservice SQ and the technology of observational assessment they describe how these tools can be used to create cultures of accountability and intentionality that extend across program C2
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photoreceptors pr in human and monkey retina are visible in whole mounts cleared with glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide and viewed with nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy these preparations substantially decrease the C1 tissue volume changes associated with dehydration and sectioning and reveal many details of pr organization and cytology with great clarity tissue may be subsequently stained to reveal GCs so that the topography of both cell types may be studied in the same retina
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TPS chemical modifications of amino acid residues were performed on purified native link protein from bovine AC the effects of these on link proteins interactions with hyaluronate and bovine articular cartilage proteoglycan were assayed by gel chromatography interaction with hyaluronate was significantly perturbed by modification of lysine Arg IMT and asparticglutamic acid residues but not histidine and tryptophan residues no free accessible SH group was found on native link protein the requirement for unmodified lysine and arginine residues resembles that of the hyaluronatebinding site of pig laryngeal PG hardingham te ewins rjf and muir h biochem j in contrast proteoglycan binding was only significantly perturbed by the loss of arginine residues this resistance may reflect hydrophobicity of the IB site or masking of the site from chemical modification by link protein selfassociation amidation of carboxyl CG which destroyed hyaluronate IB but left proteoglycan IB IN provides a means of generating a monofunctional link protein molecule of potential use in proteoglycan aggregation studies
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an exp primer was developed as a singlestep bonding system for resinmodified glass ionomer cements gic efficacy of this primer on adhesion of resinmodified gics and resin composite to enamel and dentin was evaluated by shear bond test and sem observation good bond strengths to enamel were obtained mpa whereas significantly low bond strengths to dentin were obtained using a single coat of the primer however doublecoating improved the bond strengths to dentin mpa sem observations indicated that the primer functioned as a mild conditioner to remove the smear SL on enamel or dentin surfaces a hybrid SL was observed at the crosssectional view of the gicdentin interface these findings suggested that good adhesion to enamel and dentin could be achieved using a singlestep bonding system
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chronic pain may differentially affect racial and ethnic minorities while diminishing their mental wellbeing and physical health although the literature documents the impact of CP on physical psychological and social wellbeing in WG americans the impact of CP in black americans has not been extensively investigated this study examined the relationship between pain intensity health variables various demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors in a sample of older black americans n participants were older communitydwelling black americans with a mean age of years results showed that reporting more depressive symptoms greater PCS impairment and being younger were significant indicators of pain intensity and accounted for r of its R2 these results suggest that pain adversely affects the psychological and social wellbeing in some older black americans this investigation emphasizes the need for further studies examining withingroup differences of the pain experience this research may help develop models that assess how social cultural environmental PCS and psychological health AF influence the daily experience of pain in racially and ethnically diverse populations
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we have generated cytotoxic tlymphocytes ctls from the IP blood pb of eight bcell nonhodgkins lymphoma nhl patients by in vitro coculture with autologous fresh tumor cells their PET activity was assessed in cr PR assay and was found to be mhc class i restricted our results indicate the presence of tcells cytotoxic for ATC in the pb of these patients but these were relatively small numbers in small lymphocytic lymphomas slls treatment of fresh RT cells with rifngamma and rtnfalpha alone or in combination significantly increased their susceptibility in cases of slls and a case of diffuse C1 cell lymphoma and burkitt lymphoma bl while bcell lymphoma rich in tcells did not show any appreciable increase fresh tumor cells were also analysed for mhc class i and icam antigens by FC in cases before and after cytokine treatment significant upregulation of mhc sHLA-I but with no detectable change inthe isolated cleavage furrows as seen on rhodaminephalloidin staining of AFs when the furrows were isolated with the isolation medium containing both naf and betaglycerophosphate which are potent protein phosphatase inhibitors the isolated furrows were found to be accompanied by the MA when the isolation was carried out in the absence of both naf and betaglycerophosphate cleavage furrows without the mitotic apparatus were obtained the OD of a method of isolation of cleavage furrows from regular sea urchin eggs enabled us to compare protein constituents among furrows from different sea urchin and sand dollar species we found that and kda proteins were concentrated in common in the cleavage furrows isolated from eggs of the sand dollars c japonicus and scaphechinus mirabilis and the sea urchins hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and strongylocentrotus nudus on twodimensional gel electrophoreses
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continuous glucose monitoring highlights the complexity of postprandial glucose patterns present in type diabetes and points to the limitations of current approaches to mealtime insulin dosing based primarily on carbohydrate counting
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betacell dysfunction is central to the onset and progression of type diabetes reduced islet number andor diminished betacell massvolume in the pancreas of type diabetic subjects have been reported by many authors mainly due to increased apoptosis not compensated for by adequate regeneration in addition ultrastructural analysis has shown reduced insulin LG and morphological changes in several betacell organelles including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum several quantitative and qualitative defects of betacell CF have been described in human type diabetes using isolated islets including alterations in EP glucosestimulated insulin release these survival and functional changes are accompanied by modifications of islet gene and protein expression the impact of TT in affecting betacher support pre and postborder differentiation among port and harbour populations ie marinas and aquaculture farms we conclude that new zealand receives multiple introductions and that the primary vector for preborder incursions and postborder spread is most likely the extensive influx of recreational vessels that enter northern marinas independent of the port this is a timely reminder of the potential for hullfouling organisms to expand their range as climates NC and open new pathways
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estrogen deficiency is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases but merely estrogen supplementary treatment can induce many severe complications such as breast CA the present study was designed to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying increased susceptibility of arrhythmogenesis during myocardial infarction with estrogen deprivation which provides us a new target to cure cardiac disease accompanied with estrogen deprivation we successfully established a rat model of myocardial ischemia mi accompanied with estrogen deprivation by coronary artery ligation and ovariectomy ovx vulnerability and mortality of VVI arrhythmias increased in estrogen deficiency rats compared to non estrogen deficiency rats when suffered mi which was associated with downregulation of micrornap mirp luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that mirp can bind to the utr of fxyd coding gene of phospholemman plm and inhibit its expression we found that the expression of plm was increased in ovxmi group compared with mi group more changes such as downregulation of kirik calcium overload had emerged in ovxmi group compared to mi group merely transfection of mirp into primary cultured myocytes decreased plm C2 and cai however increased kir levels these effects were abolished by the antisense oligonucleotides against mirp coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent experiments confirmed the colocalization between kir and plm in rat VVI tissue we conclude that the increased VAs vulnerability in response to acute MI in rat is critically dependent upon downregulation of mirp these findings support the proposal that mirp could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of ICM arrhythmias in the subjects with estrogen deficiency
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nim genes are associated in combination with other AF with acquired resistance to metronidazole mtz in anaerobes these genes encode nitroimidazole reductase enzymes nim proteins that reduce mtz into an inactive compound eleven variants nima to nimk are currently described in anaerobes with either a chromosomal or a plasmidic location mostly found in members of the bacteroides fragilis group nim genes were demonstrated in anaerobic taxa outside the phylum bacteroidetes NR enzymes weakly related to those found in bacteroidetes but associated with mtz inactivation were also characterized both in anaerobic and nonanaerobic taxa published data only poorly reflect the growing number of data from cultivationindependent studies and sequences deposited in databases considering this limitation we performed herein an analysis of the CS databases with the aim to increase the current knowledge on nim protein CSD and diversity the sequences the most closely related to the known nim proteins were selected and analyzed for identity level and phylogenetic relationships with nim a to k proteins the analysis revealed a larger diversity of anaerobic species harboring known nim proteins than that currently described in the literature putative new variants of known nim proteins and novel nim proteins were found in addition NR proteins and homologs related to the pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase family were found in highly diverse anaerobic and aerobic taxa of human but also animal and environmental origin on the other hand we found a very low number of sequences recovered from metagenomic studies considering the different databases currently available to identify antimicrobial resistance genes arg among metagenomic sequences we hypothesized that this may at least in part be related to the incompleteness of arg databases because none of them includes the described nim genes at the time of our T0 both the wide CSD of proteins with potential mtz inactivation ability within the bacterial world and a wider diversity of nim determinants than expected from published literature is underlined in this sequence database analysis
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a MM for the study of internalization of particles in rat cells was applied to asbestos and glass fibres briefly a fluorescent fluidphase endocytic marker LY ly was allowed to be incorporated into the lysosomal compartment of syrian hamster embryo cells MMMF that were internalized by the cells subsequently became FL presumably when the fibrecontaining endosome fused with the lycontaining lysosomes this method was compared with differential interference contrast dic optics approximately three times as many of the cellassociated MF were determined to be internalized by the fluorescence method compared with dic optics both fine and coarse glass fibres were internalized as effectively as asbestos MF the relative frequency of internalized ie FL MF increased until hr T3 exposure compared with the total number of cellassociated MF the frequency of internalized fibres compared with the number of cellassociated fibres was constant over the range of fibre levels studied a surface modification octadecyldimethylchlorosilanederivatization of amosite fibres that decreased the carcinogenicity of the MF decreased slightly the number of internalized MF relative to the number of cellassociated MF but this was not statistically significant cytoskeletoninterfering agents significantly decreased the relative number of internalized fibres
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while the pharmacological management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd has evolved from the drugs used to treat asthma the treatment models are different and the two diseases require clear differential diagnosis in order to determine the correct therapeutic strategy in contrast to the almost universal requirement for antiinflammatory treatment of persistent asthma the efficacy of inhaled CSs ics is less well established in copd and their role in treatment is limited there is some evidence of a preventive effect of ics on exacerbations in patients with copd but there is little evidence for an effect on mortality or lung function decline as a result treatment guidelines recommend the use of ics in patients with severe or very severe disease forced expiratory volume in second predicted and repeated exacerbations patients with frequent exacerbations a phenotype that is SD over time are likely to be less common among those with moderate copd many of whom are managed in primary care than in those with more severe disease the indiscriminate use of ics in copd may expose patients to an unnecessary increase in the risk of sideeffects such as pneumonia osteoporosis diabetes and cataracts while wasting healthcare spending and potentially diverting attention from other more appropriate forms of management such as pulmonary rehabilitation and maximal bronchodilator use physicians should carefully weigh the likely benefits of ics use against the potential risk of sideeffects and costs in individual patients with copd
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AD male wistar rats were treated with danazol mgday sc for days the drug produced a marked rapid drop in ST concentrations to very low C2 and caused a slower decrease in serum fsh lh and testis weight flow cytometric analysis of testicular cell suspensions showed a decline in the absolute numbers of haploid cells spermatids tetraploid cells mainly PS and of cells in the sphase of the division cycle suggesting that danazol inhibited proliferation of SPG andor primary SPC histological counting of the different types of spermatogonia however revealed no significant change in their numbers during danazol treatment it is concluded that danazol inhibited spermatogenesis primarily T3 the preleptotene stage of primary spermatocytes
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the effects of anabolicandrogenic steroid aas compounds on SWM were evaluated in male rats thirty days of administration of a high dose of three individual aas EDC alphamethyltestosterone methandrostenolone or TC had no effects on spatial memory or motivation as tested on a delayed nonmatchtosample radial arm maze task administration of these aas EDC at doses within the human abuse range does not impair spatial working SM in rats
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distortion product otoacoustic emissions dpoaes is an objective CS test of cochlear function the aim of this study was the evaluation of noiseinduced hearing loss in a group of industrial workers using this method in conjunction with standard puretone audiometry pta
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successful replication of influenza virus requires the coordinated expression of viral genes and replication of the genome by the viral polymerase composed of the subunits pa pb and pb polymerase activity is regulated by both viral and host factors yet the mechanisms of regulation and how they contribute to viral pathogenicity and tropism are poorly understood to characterize these processes we created a series of mutants in the domain of the pb S1 this domain contains a conserved pfpaaapp CS motif and the welldescribed amino acid whose identity regulates hr a lysine present at position in most mammalian viral isolates creates a basic face on the domain surface and confers highlevel activity in humans compared to the glutamic acid found at this position in avian isolates mutation of the basic face or the pfpaaapp motif impaired polymerase activity assembly of replication complexes and viral replication most of these residues are required for GA polymerase activity whereas pb k and r were preferentially required for CF in human versus avian cells thus these data identify residues in the domain and other viral proteins that regulate polymerase activity highlighting the importance of the surface charge and structure of this domain for virus replication and host adaptation
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the national CA registry in saudi arabia has functioned since collecting populationbased incidence data on malignant and in situ tumours cancer registration is carried out by both passive and active methods the registry contributed data on survival from cancer of the breast registered in from riyadh province followup was carried out predominantly by AS methods and the median followup was months the proportion of cases with a histological confirmation of breast cancer diagnosis was almost there were no cases registered based on death certificate only dco of total cases registered were included in the survival analysis CR followup at five years was relative survival rates at one three and five years were and respectively fiveyear agestandardized relative survival was fiveyear relative survival by age group did not show any pattern and was fluctuating fiveyear absolute survival by extent of disease was localized regional distant metastasis and unknown
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the use of implants of zeranol alphazearalanol a widelyused anabolic growth promoter in food animals results in very low residues of this compound in the edible tissues in comparison residues of mycooestrogensspecifically the betaresorcylic acid lactones rals such as zearalenone and its metabolitescommonly found as contaminants of cereals are much greater zeranol the rals and their metabolites are all closely related chemically sterically and biologically the biological effects of these EDC on reproduction oestrogenicity teratogenicity genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are compared no toxicological effects have been reported that cannot be attributed to the oestrogenic character of these molecules in comparison with oestradiol zeranol and the related mycooestrogens are times less AS hormonally it is concluded that a likely noobservedeffect level noel for these EDC will be of the order of mgkg body weightday this would result in a safety margin greater than fold between the expected dietary SE to these EDC considered together and the likely noel on the basis of exposure to zeranol alone this SM of safety would increase to more than
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under the hypothesis that photoirradiated PA could accelerate wound healing through reactive oxygen species ros formation we examined the effect of PA on tl mouse fibroblasts with or without photoirradiation as a result irrespective of presence or absence of photoirradiation only min exposure of the cells to proanthocyanidin resulted in accelerated proliferation of the cells in a concentrationdependent manner similarly to PA min pretreatment with catechin caffeic acid and CGA accelerated the proliferative response but gallic acid ECG epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate failed if incorporated AS ingredient such as PA for such a short time as min accelerates the proliferation response a bioassay was conducted by utilizing AOP of proanthocyanidin that is intracellular oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescin induced by ho was significantly inhibited when the cells were pretreated with proanthocyanidin for min suggesting that incorporated proanthocyanidin into the cells exerted antioxidant effect this was also supported by a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry analysis in which incorporation of PA components such as catechin monomers and dimers into the cells within min was confirmed these results suggest that AS polyphenolic compounds such as PA catechin caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid incorporated into the cells in such a short time as min could accelerate the proliferative response of the cells
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cardiac functions in female patients with pss were measured by ultrasound cardiography and compared with those of healthy agematched controls the following results were obtained the patients with pss showed the increases in left ventricular mass lvmass interventricular septal thickness ivs and left ventricular PW thickness lvpw more than those of controls diastolic descent rate ddr of patients decreased significantly in comparison with the HCs RVD rvd of patients were demonstrated to dilate more than those of controls conclusively ultrasound cardiography ucg is an available method for detecting the cardiac lesion of pss abnormal signs were recognized even though their clinical features were limited to the extremities
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pathomorphology of primary bronchogenic adenocarcinomas resected in our hospital from to was studied it consisted of of the total lung cancers gross findings are CE type peripheral type and disseminated type cancerous cavity was observed in according to the histologic classification of lung RT who adenocarcinoma was divided into four subtypes acinar adenocarcinoma cases PTC adenocarcinoma cases BAC cases and solid carcinoma with mucus formation cases among them there were of scar carcinoma and case associated with asbestosis cases were studied by electron microscope the year survival rate was IP type central type and disseminated type there was no significant difference in the prognoses of the histologic subtypes the patients without metastasis to the hilum mediastinum or positive stump had better prognosis the relationship between adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is discussed
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Si nanowires of different widths were fabricated in Si on insulator soi material using conventional process technology combined with electronbeam lithography the aim was to analyze the size dependence of the sensitivity of such nanowires for biomolecule PCD and for other sensor applications results from electrical characterization of the nanowires show a threshold voltage increasing with decreasing width when immersed in an acidic buffer solution smaller nanowires exhibit C1 conductance changes while larger wires remain unaffected this SMB is also reflected in detected threshold shifts between buffer solutions of different ph and we find that nanowires of width nm are virtually insensitive to the buffer ph the increased sensitivity for smaller sizes is ascribed to the larger surfacevolume ratio for smaller wires exposing the channel to a more effective control by the local environment similar to a surrounded gate transistor structure computer simulations confirm this SMB and show that sensing can be extended even down to the single charge level
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MIF mif is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine with many cellular targets in rheumatoid ICA ra mif has been reported to activate cells via mitogenactivated protein kinase and serinethreonine kinase akt or protein kinase bdependent ST pathways its contribution to t cell activation and signalling in ra is not known using mif mice and a t cellmediated MM of ra antigeninduced arthritis we investigated the role of mif in t cell activation and signalling arthritis severity was significantly reduced in mif mice compared with wildtype mice this reduction was associated with decreased t cell activation parameters including FP delayed type hypersensitivity antigeninduced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production splenocyte proliferation required ERK kinase erk phosphorylation and decreased t cell activation in mif mice was associated with decreased phosphorylation of erk but not akt collectively these data suggest that mif promotes antigenspecific immune responses via regulation of erk phosphorylation in t cells
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a linear simian virus origincontaining dna fragment replicated in monkey cos cells generating tandemly repeated headtotail structures electron microscopy revealed circleandtail configurations characteristic of rollingcircle replication intermediates circularization of the same dna before transfection led to a theta type of replication which generated SC dna molecules
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the size and CSD of histological lesions was studied in cases of avian pseudotuberculosis using a combination of serotypespecific immunohistochemistry and image analysis the material was derived from recent and archival cases in six canaries serinus canaria two zebra finches poephila guttata three psittaciformes a kaka nestor meriondalis one rainbow lorikeet trichoglossus mollucanus and one budgerigar melopsittacus undulatus and three new zealand wood pigeons hemiphaga novaeseelandiae the disease observed in the passerine species appeared to have an acute clinical course and the bacterial lesions were predominately enteric in the pigeons and the psittaciformes examined the clinical course of the disease was more chronic in nature and involved the liver and spleen a correlation was found between the amount of stainable iron in the liver of affected birds and the area of bacterial lesions all of the strains of yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from fresh necropsy material were serotype ii as determined using a standard serum agglutination test immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of antigens common to serotype ii in histological material from confirmed cases and in another three cases where the organism had been cultured but the serotype not specified the in vitro virulence characteristics and plasmid profiles of y pseudotuberculosis isolates were also determined
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patterns of fuel use during locomotion are determined by exercise intensity and duration and are remarkably similar across many mammalian taxa however as lipids have a high yield of atp per mole and are stored in C1 quantities their use should be favored in enduranceadapted animals to examine the capacity for alteration or differential regulation of fueluse patterns we studied two lines of mice that had been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running hr including one characterized by small hindlimb muscles hrmini and one without this phenotype hrnormal as well as a nonselected control line we evaluated maximal aerobic capacity vo max whole body fuel use during exercise by indirect calorimetry cardiac properties and many factors involved in regulating lipid use hr mice achieved an increased vo max compared with control mice potentially in part due to hr cardiac capacities for metabolic fuel oxidation and the larger relative HR size of hrmini mice hr mice also exhibited enhanced whole body lipid oxidation rates at vo max but hrmini hrnormal and control mice did not differ in the proportional mix of fuels sustaining exercise total vo however hrmini gastrocnemius muscle had elevated fatty acid translocase fatcd sarcolemmal protein and cellular mrna HFA IB protein hfabp cytosolic protein peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor ppar α mrna and massspecific MICs of citrate synthase βhydroxyacylcoa dehydrogenase and hexokinase therefore highrunning mouse lines had whole body fuel oxidation rates commensurate with maximal aerobic capacity despite notable differences in skeletal muscle metabolic phenotypes
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this research investigates the aqueous toxicity occurring during color formation due to ozonation in a semibatch reactor the tested monosubstituted aromatic EDC were aniline PH nh oh electrondonating group NB and BA no cooh electronwithdrawing group the results revealed that the AQ toxicity of the microtox assay from oxidized samples during the early stage of ozonation increased when the color formation was observed except in the case of nitrobenzene under high ph conditions toxicity typically reached a peak at or near the moment of maximum color intensity ozonation of these aromatic compounds showed a C1 increase in toxicity and the effective concentration ec expressed as COD cod mg decreased to aniline benzoic acid phenol and NB ordersofmagnitude moreover the aromatic EDC with an electrondonating group promoted color formation more than did the electronwithdrawing group substituted compounds
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one important factor that leads to the OD of musculoskeletal disorders msd and cumulative trauma disorders ctd among VDT vdt users is their work posture while operating a vdt a users body posture is strongly influenced by the task vdt workstation settings and layout of computer accessories this paper presents an analytic and rulebased decision support tool called eqdex an ergonomics and quantitative design expert system that is developed to provide valid and practical recommendations regarding the adjustment of a vdt workstation and the arrangement of computer accessories the paper explains the structure and components of eqdex input data rules and adjustment and arrangement algorithms from input information such as gender age BH task etc eqdex uses analytic and rulebased algorithms to estimate quantitative settings of a computer table and a chair as well as locations of computer accessories such as monitor document holder keyboard and mouse with the input and SO screens that are designed using the concept of usability the interactions between the user and eqdex are convenient examples are also presented to demonstrate the recommendations generated by eqdex
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mechanisms underlying vasodilatation to nerve stimulation by electrical pulses and NIC were analyzed in isolated canine small labial arteries transmural electrical stimulation and hz produced a contraction followed by a EC50 in labial arterial strips denuded of the endothelium partially contracted with prostaglandin falpha the contraction was abolished by prazosin or combined treatment with alpha betamethylene atp in the treated strips neurogenic relaxation was abolished by ngnitrolarginine lna a nitric oxide no synthase inhibitor and restored by larginine the denantiomers were without effect NIC m also relaxed the arteries in which the contractile response was abolished by prazosin and alpha betamethylene atp the relaxant response was att but not abolished by lna the inhibition was reversed by larginine the remaining relaxation by NIC was abolished by CGRP-LI cgrp to a cgrp receptor antagonist relaxations elicited by a lower concentration of nicotine x m sufficient to produce similar magnitudes of response to those induced by hz electrical nerve stimulation were also inhibited partially by lna histochemical study with the ND method demonstrated positively stained nerve SF and bundles in the arterial wall suggesting the presence of neuronal no synthase it is concluded that the EC50 induced by electrical nerve stimulation of small labial arteries is mediated exclusively by no synthesized from larginine in nerve terminals whereas NIC in the concentrations used evokes relaxations by a mediation of nervederived no and also cgrp possibly from sensory nerves the reason why nicotine but not electrical pulses stimulates sensory SN and elicits vasorelaxation remains unsolved
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MLD affects the lungs the majority of patients exhibit mild to moderate arterial hypoxaemia essentially attributable to an alteration in ventilationperfusion matching and limited by an increase in ventilation a minority some of patients exhibit a hepatopulmonary syndrome defined by severe hypoxaemia with arterial po below mm hg dyspnoea cyanosis digital clubbing orthodeoxia platypnoea and demonstrable pulmonary V1 dilatations causing a true pulmonary shunt and a diffusionperfusion imbalance the hepatopulmonary syndrome is incurable but resolves over time T3 CL transplantation an even lower proportion of patients approximately develop pulmonary hypertension clinically this portopulmonary hypertension resembles PPH with dyspnoea and fatigue as the main symptoms histopathology and response to prostacyclin therapy portopulmonary hypertension is irreversible liver transplantation mortality in patients with portopulmonary hypertension ranges from to the common cause of the hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension is portal hypertension and portosystemic shunting indicating that vasoactive and angiogenetic factors originating from the CL normally control the pulmonary circulation
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shifts in dominance from corals to macroalgae are occurringh to culling and standard practices that affect the use of dairy cattle for beef the survey was mailed to a random sample of california dairies stratified by county proportional to the number of dairies in each respective county data from the responses received showed that of culled cows on california dairies were sold for beef however personnel on more than onehalf of california dairies had no knowledge of how their herd cull cows ranked in terms of beef SQ measures BC score us department of agriculture carcass grade and hot carcass weight survey results showed that a considerable proportion of california dairy personnel were aware of recommended injection practices including a preference for subcutaneous injections a drug inventory was maintained on approximately of the states dairies management at these dairies was twice as likely to test for drug residues compared with dairies that did not maintain a drug inventory more information about the dacqa program was requested by more than half of california dairies
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the study evaluates the role of computeraided PCD cad in improving the PCD of interval cancers as compared to conventional single conv or double reading double with this purpose a set of negative cases was seeded with mammograms reported as negative and developing interval CA in the following year interval false negative fn minimal signs ms a total of radiologists read the set with conv and then with cad overall there were cancer and noncancer readings with both conv and cad double reading was simulated by combining conventional readings in all possible combinations of radiologists resulting in a total of CA and noncancer readings conventional single double and cad readings were compared in terms of sensitivity and recall rate considering all readings cancer was identified in or of readings vs chi df p and recalls were or of readings vs chi df p at conv or cad respectively when considering fn and ms cases separately sensitivity at conv or cad was or chi df p for fn and or chi df p for ms cases respectively computeraided detection average of readings was slightly and not significantly less sensitive sensitivity vs chi df p but more TPS recall rate vs chi df p as compared to double average of readings average sensitivity for fn cases only was for cad and for double chi df p corresponding values for ms cases were for cad and for double chi df p compared to conv cad allowed for improved sensitivity though with reduced specificity both effects being statistically significant computeraided PCD was almost as sensitive as double but significantly more specific CAD might be used in the current practice to improve sensitivity of conventional single reading based on estimates of screening sensitivity and fnms interval cancer expected frequency the absolute increase of screening sensitivity expected by introducing cadassisted reading may be estimated around the use of cad as a possible surrogate to conventional double needs to be confirmed by further studies which should include a costeffective analysis
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kyotorphin ktp an antinociceptive dipeptide tyrarg is formed by ktp synthetase from ltyr and larg in the BB we examined the effects of various larg analogues on immunoreactive ktp iktp formation by ktp synthetase purified partially from rat brain the no synthase inhibitor ngnitrolarginine methyl ester lname but not ngnitrolarginine and niminoethyllornithine suppressed iktp formation by ktp synthetase from mm of larg and ltyr the ic value being mm similarly alphamethyllornithine alphamo inhibited ktp synthetase the ic value being mm darg at high concentrations also exhibited a weak inhibitory effect kinetic experiments indicated that the inhibition by lname and alphamo of ktp synthetase is competitive thus these larg analogues appear to act as the competitive inhibitor of ktp synthetase
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the total material of the SSG register contained mesenchymal tumours with an intra or paraglandular localisation this corresponds to of all cases of the SSG register or to of all SSG tumours periglandular tumours without relation to the SSG tissue metastatic tumours or malignant lymphomas were not considered in this T0 with respect to the localisation the age and sex CSD and the histopathological classification the following results were obtained of all mesenchymal tumours were localised in the parotid gland and in the submandibular gland in lipomas the percentage of the parotid gland was even in lymphangiomas however it was only angiomas occur preferably in the first and second decades and represent in this age period nearly of all mesenchymal tumours the age peak of lipomas lies in the fifth to sixth decades whereas neurogenic tumours are distributed relatively equal over the fourth to seventh decades a sex disposition was seen in lipomas in males neurinomas in females and neurofibromas in males were benign mesenchymal tumours sarcomas within the benign tumours were angiomas lipomas neurogenic tumours and rare benign tumours in angiomas cases haemangiomas cases lymphangiomas cases mixed haemangiomas and lymphangiomas cases and haemangiopericytomas cases could be seen in neurogenic tumours cases neurinomas cases neurofibromas cases and neurofibromatoses cases in sarcomas cases malignant fibrous histiocytomas cases malignant schwannomas cases embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas cases and other rare sarcomas one case each myxoid liposarcoma leiomyosarcoma malignant haemangioendotheliomaabstract truncated at words
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digestion of bovine alpha scasein with bovine trypsin produced peptides with an GABA effect on concanavalin ainduced proliferation of mouse spleen cells one of these peptides was isolated from the alpha scasein digest following ultrafiltration hydroxyapatite chromatography and reversedphase hplc and CAA composition and sequence analyses showed it to be sequence from the phosphoserinerich region of alpha scasein the isolated peptide significantly inhibited the concanavalin ainduced proliferation of mouse spleen cells and rabbit peyers patch cells whereas it enhanced the lipopolysaccharide and phytohaemagglutinininduced proliferation of both cells the peptide displayed mitogenic activity in the cell cultures without the commercial mitogen and significantly enhanced immunoglobulin production moreover residues from the phosphoserinerich region of bovine betacasein had a similar effect on the proliferation of mouse SP cells and rb peyers patch cells stimulated or not stimulated by the commercial mitogen these results indicate that caseinophosphopeptides may act as a humoral immunostimulator in cell cultures
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cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins have evolved to capture light SE over most of the visible spectrum due to their bilin chromophores which are linear tetrapyrroles that have been covalently attached by enzymes called bilin lyases we report here the crystal structure of a bilin lyase of the cpcs family from thermosynechococcus elongatus tecpcsiii tecpcsiii is a stranded β barrel with two alpha helices and belongs to the lipocalin structural family tecpcsiii catalyzes both cognate as well as noncognate bilin attachment to a variety of phycobiliprotein subunits tecpcsiii ligates phycocyanobilin phycoerythrobilin and phytochromobilin to the alpha and beta subunits of allophycocyanin and to the beta S1 of phycocyanin at the cysequivalent position in all cases the active form of tecpcsiii is a dimer which is consistent with the structure observed in the crystal with the use of the unag protein and its association with bilirubin as a guide a model for the association between the native ATP PCB and tecpcs was produced
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longterm mechanical circulatory support mcs with VADs vads is now an acceptable option for patients with endstage HF hf there are growing numbers of reports identifying sexrelated differences in the OD and prognosis of hf and CS with the experience of vad implantations in our institution we are the first to analyze our data to determine gender distribution in our patient populations and the effect of gender on outcomes of the total patients with mcs were male and female the patients were divided into three age groupsbelow years group n between and years group n and older than years group n fiveyear survival hf etiology and procedural success defined as day and year survival were analyzed retrospectively in group the gender CSD was equal the leading hf etiology was dilated cardiomyopathy dcmp with in male n and in female n patients followed by congenital diseases in male versus in female and postcardiotomy failure in male versus in female no differences were seen in year survival and procedural success in group significantly more men n p were supported by vads dcmp was the L1 cause for vad implantation and was significantly more frequent in men p male patients were older mean age years p with a longer median support time days p and a higher median weight kg p no difference was seen in procedural success whereas year survival was better in men than in women vs p group consisted of male patients and female patients p ICM was the main hf etiology and it was significantly more often the reason for left ventricular assist device support in men p no differences were seen in procedural success year survival showed a better outcome in men vs p in patients supported by a vad gender has a significant impact on the distribution of diagnoses in the AD population women were underrepresented in the age group years and years and older and women had a higher risk for mortality on vad support in the adult age groups groups and
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long gammaray bursts grbs are commonly accepted to originate in the explosion of particularly massive stars which give rise to highly relativistic jets inhomogeneities in the expanding flow result in internal shock waves that are believed to produce the gammarays we see as the jet travels further outward into the surrounding circumstellar medium external shocks create the afterglow emission seen in the xray optical and radio bands here we report observations of the early phases of the xray emission of five grbs their xray CS curves are characterised by a surprisingly rapid falloff for the first few hundred seconds followed by a less rapid decline lasting several hours this steep decline together with detailed spectral properties of two particular bursts shows that violent shock interactions take place in the early jet outflows
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this is a report of experiments on cat and man which demonstrate effects of a muscles previous PH of contraction and length changes on the size of the SR in AD human subjects the size of the tendon jerk was measured in ankle extensor muscles by tapping the AT muscle conditioning consisted of a maximum voluntary contraction with the foot dorsiflexed or plantarflexed by deg from the test position after which the subject was asked to relax while the foot was held still for several seconds before being returned to the test position and a tendon tap given T3 a contraction of the lengthened muscle the tendon jerk was smaller than T3 a contraction of the shortened muscle the experiment was then repeated but instead of a tendon jerk an h hoffmann reflex was elicited by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the TN in the popliteal fossa the reflex after a conditioning contraction of the lengthened muscle was larger than after a contraction of the shortened muscle in other words muscle conditioning produced opposite effects on the tendon jerk and h reflex these findings were confirmed in cats anaesthetized with chloralose after a conditioning contraction of ts at a length mm longer than the test length holdlong a quick tendon stretch produced a smaller reflex response than following a conditioning contraction with the muscle mm shorter than the test length holdshort the reverse trend was seen with a reflex elicited by direct electrical stimulation of the muscle nerve which stimulates the h reflex one consequence of a conditioning contraction is that it leads to an alteration of the level of resting discharge of muscle spindles we propose that the larger tendon jerk after a contraction of the shortened muscle is the result of changes in stretch sensitivity of muscle spindles the reverse effect on the h reflex we attribute to a rise in the level of resting discharge of muscle spindles which we propose leads to reflex inhibition of MNs we support this conclusion with evidence from an experiment in which the size of the conditioning step was systematically altered even quite small holdshort conditioning steps led to depression of the h reflex in man and the monosynaptic reflex in cats recordings from single afferents showed that such small steps were also accompanied by a detectable rise in spindle resting dischargeabstract truncated at words
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using rb as a k tracer and ETAAS for measuring the rb SD isotope we studied k transport systems and their regulation by protein kinase c in nontransformed and spontaneously transformed RLE cells OS nakatpase and the furosemidesensitive nakcl cotransport had comparable activity ratios in both cell types and in nontransformed and transformed RLE cells respectively the protein kinase c activators dioctanoylglycerol and PMA acetate partly inhibited the nakcl cotransport in both cell types but their effect was stronger in nontransformed cells suggesting that in transformed cells the nakcl cotransport had partly lost the ability to be inhibited by protein kinase c in both cell types PMA acetate had little and dioctanoylglycerol had no inhibitory effect on nakatpase furosemide mm partly inhibited the hthymidine incorporation in both cell types suggesting an involvement of the nakcl cotransport in rat liver epithelial cell growth
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during incubation of citrated blood at degrees c the levels of keto prostaglandin f alpha keto FP and prostaglandin e pge remain constant but rise markedly within one minute T3 the addition of collagen particularly when thromboxane synthetase is blocked the amount of keto FP formed is dosedependent for both collagen and the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor uk moreover the number of platelets will determine the extent of the keto FP jump that does not occur when blood is drawn T3 aspirin ingestion the production of keto FP in CF of time is composed of a fast plateletrelated intercept and a slower probably leukocytedependent contribution slope in the absence of uk the intercept is pgml the Mw is pgminml whereas in the presence of the TSI they are pgml and pgminml respectively the present findings indicate that a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor by not only reducing thromboxane a production but also enhancing prostacyclin generation with blood is exposed to thrombogenic stimuli such as collagen should be superior to aspirin as an antithrombotic agent although possible interference by enhanced pge production should be taken into account
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earlylife deficiency of the serotonin transporter sert gives rise to a wide range of psychiatricrelevant phenotypes however the molecular and cellular targets of serotonin dyregulation during neural circuit formation remain to be identified interestingly migrating cortical interneurons ins derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence cge have been shown to be more responsive to serotoninmediated signalling compared with ins derived from the medial ganglionic eminence mge here we investigated the impact of earlylife sert deficiency on the migration and positioning of cgederived cortical ins in sertko mice and in mice exposed to the sert inhibitor fluoxetine during the late embryonic period using confocal timelapse imaging and microarraybased expression analysis we found that genetic and pharmacological sert deficiency significantly increased the migratory speed of cgederived ins and affected transcriptional programmes regulating neuronal migration postnatal studies revealed that sert deficiency altered the cortical laminar CSD of subtypes of cgederived ins but not mgederived ins more specifically we found that the CSD of vasointestinal peptide vipexpressing ins in SL was abnormal in both genetic and pharmacological sertdeficiency models collectively these data indicate that earlylife sert deficiency has an impact on the migration and molecular programmes of cgederived ins thus leading to specific alterations in the positioning of vipexpressing ins these data add to the growing evidence that earlylife serotonin dysregulation affects cortical microcircuit formation and contributes to the emergence of psychiatricrelevant phenotypes
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current evidence indicates that variant creutzfeldtjakob disease is caused by the transmission of BSE to humans the clinical and investigative features of variant cjd are relatively distinct from sporadic cjd and the neuropathological appearances are novel the number of cases of vcjd in the uk may have peaked but the total future number of cases of vcjd is uncertain and the possibility of AA iatrogenic transmission via blood transfusion has recently been identified
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uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord PT utroscts are rare neoplasms thought to be of putative endometrial stromal origin and solely composed of sex cord elements our study aimed to delineate the IP of these PT and to verify whether their morphology reflects true sex cordlike differentiation
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both ACV and brivudin are ERP in the treatment of immunocompromised children with varicellazoster virus infection to determine which drug is preferable a prospective randomized trial aciclovir vs brivudin was conducted fortythree immunocompromised children were randomly assigned to receive aciclovir intravenously at a dose of mgmd and brivudin orally at a dose of mgkgd respectively twentytwo patients were treated with aciclovir and with brivudin in all children the general status improved within two days the eruption of new lesions stopped within one to five days fever stopped within one to nine days CR remission occurred within five to six days after introduction of the virustatic therapy there was no difference in therapeutic efficacy between ACV and brivudin two children in each group did not respond to the medication no myelo hepato and nephrotoxic side effects due to ACV or brivudin were observed all obviously immunocompromised children with varicella or zoster may be treated with aciclovir or brivudin
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breuers hypothesis that the vagus SN exert a tonic control of respiratory rhythm in addition to the phasic control was examined closedchest cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted in dogs weighing kg anaesthetized with chloralose respiratory rhythm was recorded from a phrenic ENG CR muscular paralysis induced with gallamine triethiodide produced an increase in the duration of inspiration and an increase in the amplitude of the integrated phrenic ENG there was no consistent effect on expiratory duration gallamine produced no effect when given T3 vagotomy in the paralysed state an increase in lung volume of ml for sec produced a sustained increase in the duration of expiration and a decrease of respiratory rate there was little effect on inspiratory duration or the amplitude of the integrated phrenic electroneurogram a decrease in lung volume of the same order of magnitude for the same period produced a sustained decrease in the duration of expiration and an increase of respiratory rate there was little effect on inspiratory duration or the amplitude of the integrated phrenic electroneurogram the phenomena described in and constitute a high gain respiratory frequency controller they did not occur T3 BL C2 vagotomy bilateral cervical vagotomy during CR muscular paralysis produced a further increase in the duration of inspiration and in the amplitude of the integrated phrenic electroneurogram there was no consistent effect on expiratory duration the results confirmed breuers hypothesis and showed that TI and expiratory duration are controlled independently
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bovine parathyroid hormone has been isolated in homogeneous form and its CR CAA sequence determined the bovine hormone is a single chain amino acids long it contains aminoterminal alanine and carboxylterminal glutamine the bovine parathyroid hormone is approximately three times the length of the newly discovered hormone thyrocalcitonin whose action is reciprocal to parathyroid hormone
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seventyseven cases of hepatic trauma diagnosed during exploratory LAP were retrospectively studied blunt trauma comprised the majority of cases seventyfive per cent of cases had associated injuries and per cent were in shock on arrival the MR was per cent exsanguination and associated head injuries were the L1 causes of death aggressive resuscitation and immediate exploratory LAP are not overemphasized if survival is expected during operation suture ligature of the bleeding points or hepatorrhaphy stopped the one in most circumstances hepatic artery ligation was seldom performed omental packing of the liver wounds was an effective procedure anatomical hepatic resections were performed with a relatively high mortality rate debridement of devitalized CL tissue should be done routinely to prevent postoperative infection perihepatic packing was a useful procedure when termination of the operation was considered necessary in order to prevent the OD of hypothermia acidosis and coagulopathy
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to evaluate the effects of βcarotene βc on performance and carcass characteristics crossbred calves were allotted to treatments consisting of retinyl palmitate rp supplemented at iukg and synthetic βcarotene supplemented at sβcx sβcx or sβcx times rp compared to rp sβcx did not impact performance p⥠or plasma concentrations of retinoids or carotenoids p⥠increasing dietary βc increased p⤠plasma concentrations of rp and all of the isomers of βc but did not affect WG or gainfeed p⥠marbling and fat thickness did not differ between rp and sβcx or because of amount of βc p⥠lightness l of lm decreased with increasing concentration of sβc linear p yellowness b increased p and redness a tended to increase p in subcutaneous fat as sβc amount increased quadratic
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