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epithelial injury and TI fibrosis tif within a hypoxic microenvironment are associated with progressive loss of renal function in chronic kidney disease ckd transforming growth factor beta tgfβ is an important mediator of renal fibrosis growing evidence suggests that vitamin d ohd and its analogues may have a renoprotective effect in ckd here we examined the protective effect of the vitamin d analogue paricalcitol pc norαβtrihydroxysecoergostaze etriene on the responses of human LLC-PK1 cells to tgfβ pc attenuated tgfβinduced smad phosphorylation and upregulation of the notch ligand jagged αsmooth SMA and thrombospondin and prevented the tgfβmediated loss of ecadherin to mimic the hypoxic milieu of ckd we cultured renal epithelial cells in hypoxia o and observed similar attenuation by pc of tgfβinduced fibrotic responses furthermore in cells cultured in normoxia o pc induced an accumulation of hypoxiainducible transcription factors hif α and hifα in a time and concentration µm µm dependent manner here pcinduced hif stabilisation was dependent on activation of the pikinase pathway this is the first T0 to demonstrate regulation of the hif pathway by pc which may have importance in the mechanism underlying renoprotection by pc | MEDAL |
simple and regular anatomical structure is a hallmark of the cerebellar SC parasagittally arrayed alternate expression of aldolase czebrin ii in PCs pcs has been extensively studied but surprisingly little is known about its PET significance here we found a precise structurefunction relationship between ALD c expression and synchrony of pc complex spike MICs that reflect climbing fiber inputs to pcs we performed twophoton calcium imaging in transgenic mice in which aldolase c compartments can be visualized in vivo and identified highly synchronous complex spike MICs among aldolase cpositive or ALD cnegative pcs but not across these populations the boundary of aldolase c compartments corresponded to that of complex spike synchrony at singlecell resolution sensory stimulation evoked aldolase c compartmentspecific complex spike responses and synchrony this result further revealed the structurefunction segregation in awake animals complex spike synchrony both within and between pc populations across the aldolase c boundary were enhanced in response to sensory stimuli in a way that two functionally distinct pc ensembles are coactivated these results suggest that pc populations characterized by ALD c expression precisely represent distinct functional units of the cerebellar cortex and these functional units can cooperate to process sensory information in awake animals | MEDAL |
distributions of two different subclasses of intermediate filaments vimentin and glial filaments were studied immunohistochemically in human BT using TPS AS to each protein S1 vimentin and astroprotein gfap surgical specimens meningiomas ependymomas benign astrocytomas anaplastic astrocytomas and GBMs were fixed in ethanol or ethanolacidic acid and embedded in paraffin avidin biotin peroxidasecomplex abc method vectastain was carried out on micronsthick paraffin sections all meningioma cells were negative for astroprotein gfap and positive for vimentin ependymoma cells showed various patterns of immunoreaction for astroprotein gfap but were invariably positive for vimentin in benign astrocytomas many cells or cell body and processes were positive for astroprotein gfap immunoreaction for vimentin was however less frequent and intense in anaplastic astrocytomas population of astroprotein gfappositive cells decreased and vimentinpositive cells increased astroprotein gfappositive cells were further decreased in GBMs and the population of vimentinpositive cells varied among tissues the present T0 suggests that the anaplastic NC of astrocytoma cells were associated with decreased expression of glial filaments and increased expression of vimentin filaments it was also suggests that the expression of both intermediate filaments may be suppressed in highlymalignant glial tumor cells | MEDAL |
using radioligand IB techniques we determined the equilibrium dissociation constants kds for a series of ADs at the histamine h muscarinic acetylcholine alpha and alpha adrenergic and dopamine d receptors of normal human brain tissue obtained at autopsy twentyfive different antidepressants were studied at all but the d receptor at which the number was including a metabolite of an antidepressant of all the receptor interactions studied that at the histamine h receptor was in GA the most potent interaction of this class of compounds corresponding to results from studies using animal tissue as the source of receptors at the human BB histamine h receptor ADs remained among the most potent histamine h antagonists known although their affinities for human receptors were lower than those for animal receptors the most potent and the least potent EDC at the receptors were doxepin kd nm and fluvoxamine kd microm at the histamine h receptor amitriptyline kd nm and trazodone kd microm at the muscarinic receptor doxepin kd nm and viloxazine kd microm at the alpha receptor mianserin kd nm and BUP kd microm at the alpha receptor and amoxapine kd nm and trazodone kd nm at the d receptor respectively in general compared to older drugs the newer EDC tended to have lower affinities for these receptors | MEDAL |
the attentional blink ab describes a timebased deficit in processing the second of two masked targets the ab is att if successive targets appear between the first and final target or if a cueing target is positioned before the final target using various speeds of stimulus presentation the current study employed successive targets and cueing targets to confirm and extend an understanding of targettarget cueing in the ab in experiment three targets were presented sequentially at rates of msecitem or msecitem successive targets presented at msec improved performance compared with nonsuccessive targets however accuracy was equivalently high for successive and nonsuccessive targets presented at msecitem suggesting thatregardless of whether they occurred consecutivelythose items fell within the temporally defined attentional window initiated by the first target using four different presentation speeds experiment confirmed the timebased definition of the ab and the success of targetcueing at msecitem this experiment additionally revealed that cueing was most effective when resources were not devoted to the cue thereby implicating capacity limitations in the ab across both experiments a novel ordererror measure suggested that PE tend to decrease with an increasing duration between the targets but also revealed that certain stimulus conditions result in stable order accuracy overall the results are best encapsulated by targetbased and resourcesharing theories of the ab which collectively value the contributions of capacity limitations and optimizing transient attention in time | MEDAL |
the ultimate objective of nanoparticlebased therapy is to functionalize nanomedicines in a microdisease environment without any SE here we reveal that our phresponsive nitroxide radicalcontaining nanoparticles rnpph disintegrate within the renal acidic lesion and act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species ros leading to a relief of acute kidney injury aki rnpph was prepared using amphiphilic block copolymers possessing tetramethylpiperidinenoxyl tempo moieties via amine linkage as a side chain of the hydrophobic segment the selfassembled rnpph disintegrated at ph below because of a protonation of the amino groups in the hydrophobic core of the nanoparticles thereby resulting in an improvement in ros scavenging activity using a renal ischemiareperfusion aki MM in mice the therapeutic effect of rnpph on ros damage was evaluated unlike the rnp without phtriggered disintegration rnpnonph the rnpph showed extremely high ros scavenging activity and renal protective effects it is interesting to note that the side effect of nitroxide radicals was markedly suppressed due to the compartmentalization of nitroxide radicals in the core of rnpph in untargeted area the morphology changes in rnpph were confirmed by analyzing electron spin resonance spectra and these findings provide the evidence of the real therapeutic effect of the environmentsensitive specific disintegration of nanoparticles in vivo | MEDAL |
CS has been shown to cause endothelial dysfunction to examine the effects of VC and CS on endotheliumdependent vasodilation we measured the lumen diameter and flow velocity of the brachial arteries at rest during reactive hyperemia following transient AO and after sublingual nitroglycerin mg in smokers n and nonsmokers n with highresolution ultrasound after infusion of saline or saline plus VC mgmin for min we also performed the same study in smokers n before and min T3 CS in addition we measured the SS C2 of VC and the plasma C2 of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances tbars as an index of lipid peroxidation the smokers had lower vitand ii respectively there was a significant difference between the two screening systems in the age distribution of the examinees the detection rates of breast cancer were and in systems i and ii respectively which are times higher than that obtained by conventional screening using PE CT the detection rate increased especially in the sixth and seventh decades of life the sensitivity of mammography screening was in system i and in system ii higher sensitivity than that of screening by PE was obtained in women aged over the proportion of stage i was in system i and in system ii compared with in the united states and europe the rates of no nodal involvement were high being and in systems i and ii respectively compared with in other countries BCT was applied to of the patients with breast CA detected by the two screening systems in addition in wolfes classification of mammograms the proportion of dy mammary dysplasia DP was remarkably low being in the sixth decade and in the seventh decade compared with in women aged years these results indicate that mammographic screening is effective in women aged over years in japan as has been found in other countries | MEDAL |
rfdriven ion sources for accelerators and many industrial applications benefit from detailed numerical modeling and simulation of plasma characteristics for instance modeling of the spallation neutron source sns internal antenna h source has indicated that a C1 plasma velocity is induced near bends in the antenna where structural failures are often observed this could lead to improved designs and ion source performance based on simulation and modeling however there are significant separations of time and spatial scales inherent to rfdriven plasma ion sources which makes it difficult to model ion sources with explicit kinetic particleincell pic simulation codes in particular if both electron and ion motions are to be explicitly modeled then the simulation time step must be very small and total simulation times must be large enough to capture the evolution of the plasma ions as well as extending over many rf periods additional physics processes such as plasma chemistry and surface effects such as AA electron emission increase the computational requirements in such a way that even fully parallel explicit pic models cannot be used one alternative method is to develop fluidbased codes coupled with electromagnetics in order to model ion sources timedomain fluid models can simulate plasma evolution plasma chemistry and surface physics models with reasonable computational resources by not explicitly resolving electron motions which thereby leads to an increase in the time step this is achieved by solving fluid motions coupled with electromagnetics using reducedphysics models such as singletemperature magnetohydrodynamics mhd extended gas dynamic and hall mhd and twofluid mhd models we show recent results on modeling the internal antenna h ion source for the sns at oak ridge national laboratory using the fluid plasma modeling code usim we compare demonstrate plasma temperature equilibration in twotemperature mhd models for the sns source and present simulation results demonstrating plasma evolution over many rf periods for different plasma temperatures we perform the calculations in parallel on unstructured meshes using finitevolume solvers in order to obtain results in reasonable time | MEDAL |
to determine emission of volatile organic compounds vocs from plastic medical equipment within an incubator | MEDAL |
gata is a transcription factor expressed both in the hematopoietic system and in the sertoli cells of the testis and is essential for correct erythropoiesis hematopoietic and sertoli cells transcribe gata from two different promoters the PT erythroid is AS in hematopoietic cells the distal testis is AS in sertoli cells we investigated by rtpcr the possibility that gata might be transcribed from the testis promoter also in hematopoietic cells testis promoterderived transcripts are present at low levels in vivo at all stages of hematopoietic development purified multipotent progenitors fractionated into populations expressing low or high C2 of gata do not contain any testis transcripts however when grown in vitro they rapidly express gata from the testis promoter in the presence of erythropoietin epo but not in that of other growth AF this result reflects an epodependent differentiation event rather than a direct effect of epo indeed immortalized CFU-GM lines which respond to both epo and scf continue to express testisderived transcripts when switched from epo to scf | MEDAL |
in young spontaneously hypertensive rats shr a preganglionic nervedependent elevation of choline AT chac and IMT hydroxylase th MICs was found in celiac ganglia as compared with those in young normotensive kyoto WR that was not present in superior cervical ganglia stellate ganglia and adrenal PG the rise in both enzyme activities in the celiac ganglion disappeared in AD shr an elevation of plasma norepinephrine and dopamine betahydroxylase levels found in prehypertensive shr a probable indication of IP sympathetic activation disappeared after the bilateral removal of the celiac ganglion however ganglionectomy did not change the subsequent OD of hypertension these results indicate that the faster maturation of the celiac ganglion and the end organs it innervates in yount shr are causally related to the activation of the IP sympathetic NS the peripheral sympathetic activation in young shr is regarded as a warning sign but this does not trigger the development of hypertension | MEDAL |
the low density lipoprotein receptorrelated proteinmegalin lrp is an endocytic receptor that is expressed on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells lining specific regions of the male and female reproductive tracts in the present T0 immunohistochemical staining revealed that lrp is also expressed by epithelial cells lining the ductal region and the ampulla of the rat seminal vesicle to identify lrp ligands in the seminal vesicle we probed seminal vesicle fluid with ilabeled lrp in a gelblot overlay CA a kda protein under nonreducing conditions was found to bind the radiolabeled receptor the protein was isolated and subjected to protease digestion and the proteolytic fragments were subjected to mass spectroscopic sequence analysis as a result the kda protein was identified as the seminal vesicle sec protein ii svsii a L1 constituent of the seminal coagulum using purified preparations of svsii and lrp solidphase IB assays were used to show that the svsii bound to the receptor with high affinity kd nm the binding of svsii to lrp was inhibited using a known antagonist of lrp CF the kda receptorassociated protein rap using a series of recombinant subfragments of svsii the lrp binding site was mapped to a stretch of repeated residue modules located in the central portion of the svsii polypeptide to evaluate the ability of lrp to mediate isvsii endocytosis and lysosomal degradation ligand clearance assays were performed using differentiated mouse f cells which express high levels of lrp radiolabeled svsii was internalized and degraded by the cells and both processes were inhibited by antibodies to lrp or by rap the results indicate that lrp binds svsii and can mediate its endocytosis leading to lysosomal degradation | MEDAL |
we wished to investigate the urodynamic characteristics and colonic motility in a group of children with severe chronic constipation and lower urinary tract symptoms we performed colonic manometry using an endoscopically placed catheter the urodynamic studies consisted of cystometry electromyography of the EUS measurement of urinary flow rate and urethral pressure profile we found abnormal colonic motility in all patients findings included absent gastrocolonic response n absent highamplitude propagated contractions hapcs n and abnormal propagation of hapcs n urodynamic features were abnormal in children findings included uninhibited bladder contractions n hypertonic bladder n sphincter dyssynergy n small capacity bladder n in all children constipation improved in three after a partial colectomy urinary symptoms persisted we conclude that some children with severe constipation may have a neuropathy affecting both the colonic and lower urinary tracts systems in this group of patients treatment of constipation does not result in resolution of urinary PS | MEDAL |
a total of patients with toxoplasmosis cases with amoebic CL abscess cases and with giardiasis cases as well as healthy control were subjected to thorough history taking CE stool urine analysis CR blood picture esr creactive protein aso widal test blood cultures CL function tests serum creatinine hepatitis viral markers RA factor autoantibodies stool culture rectal snip chest xray ABD sonar level of SS adhesion molecules sicam selam elisa PCD of toxoplasma antibodies in serum CL biopsy detection and counting of giardia cysts in toxoplasmosis group highly significant increase in SS C2 of sicam p and significant increase in SS C2 of selam p in comparison to control however only sicam C2 were significantly increased in igm cases more than in igg cases in amoebic liver abscess group both sicam and selam significantly increased when compared with control in giardiasis group highly significant increase of SS levels of selam was noticed than in control group p while sicam showed no significant difference p there was no rho between selam and number of cysts in the stool intensity of infection soluble forms of adhesion molecules especially sicam have the potentiality as good markers of endothelial damage severity of disease and to less extend load of infection | MEDAL |
moxonidine is a mixed i imidazolinealphamoxonidinemorphine the i imidazoline preferring antagonist efaroxan produced a dosedependent antagonism of both MOX mgkg and clonidine mgkg in addition the alphaadrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine produced a doserelated antagonism of moxonidine but only partially antagonized clonidine prazosin failed to block the effects of either moxonidine or clonidine indicating a lack of involvement of alpha as well as alphab and alphac receptors the present results suggest that alphaadrenergic receptors play an important role in mediating the effects of MOX in producing antinociception in the formalin test further the present results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of moxonidine and clonidine differ in that clonidine but not moxonidine produces an antinociceptive effect through a yohimbineinsensitive mechanism in the formalin test | MEDAL |
to compare the expression of canine relaxin relaxinlike factor rlf and relaxin receptors within the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia ph and clinically normal dogs | MEDAL |
locating geographic hot spots of CA may lead to new causal hypotheses and ultimately to new knowledge of cancercausing factors the cape cod region of massachusetts has experienced elevated incidence of breast CA compared with statewide averages the origins of the excess remain largely unexplained even T3 the upper cape cod CA incidence study investigated numerous potential environmental exposures using casecontrol data from this T0 cases and controls we developed an exploratory approach for measuring associations between residential location and breast cancer incidence adjusting for individuallevel risk factors we measured crude and adjusted odds ratios over the T0 region using fixedscale grids and a smoothing algorithm of overlapping circular units polycircular hot spot regions derived from the peak values of the smoothed odds ratios delineated geographic Az wherein residence was associated with odds ratio or confidence interval ci to or ci increased incidence relative to the remainder of the study population the findings suggest several directions for further research including the ituitively when words were difficult or seemed inadequate to conclude by focusing on the therapies provided by a uk hospice there is consideration of the practicalities of implementing massage and aromatherapy massage in a specialist palliative care unit | MEDAL |
xeroderma pigmentosum xp is a genetic disease characterized by an autosomaltransmitted genodermatosis involving impaired dna repair activity where xp patients present severe sensitivity to sunlight uvb radiation and are highly victimized by skin cancer complementing xp genes by gene therapy is one potential strategy for helping xp patients however current viralbased protocols still lack LT and stable expression due to limited postmitotic infection and gene silencing in the case of retroviruses or transient expression and activation of immune response in the case of adenoviruses here we demonstrate that the use of thirdgeneration LVs can overcome some of these limitations rescuing the aberrant phenotype in different categories of the disease xpa xpc and xpd our results show that lentiviruses are efficient tools to transduce xp fibroblasts and correct repairdefective cellular phenotypes by recovering proper mRNA normal uv survival and unscheduled dna synthesis after uv radiation we propose lentiviral vectors as an attractive alternative for gene therapy protocols focusing on dna repair genetic diseases | MEDAL |
changes in the phagocytic killing activity capsule structure and physicochemical properties such as the hydrophobicity and charge of the cell surface were studied in klebsiella pneumoniae treated with subminimal GABA concentrations mics of various antimicrobial agents the phagocytic killing activity of macrophages was enhanced by penicillins cephems and monobactam in the absence of antibodies specific to the capsule or complement no enhancement was observed with new quinolones aminoglycosides macrolide or carbapenem the thickness of the capsule structure was considerably reduced after the treatment with penicillins cephems and monobactam compared with the untreated control and it was slightly reduced by new quinolones no changes were observed in the capsule structure with aminoglycosides macrolide and carbapenem the hydrophobicity on the cell surface of the bacteria was considerably increased T3 the treatment with PCs cephems and monobactam compared with the control slightly increased with new quinolones and carbapenem and not changed with aminoglycosides and macrolide the negative charge of the cell surface of the bacteria was reduced by PCs cephems and monobactam compared with the control it was slightly reduced by new quinolones and carbapenem but was not reduced by aminoglycosides and macrolide these findings suggest that submic betalactam drugs such as penicillins cephems and monobactams cause thinning of the capsule of k pneumoniae with increases in the hydrophobicity and decreases in the negative charge of the cell surface which reduces the PCS repulsion between the k pneumoniae and phagocytes and enhances the sensitivity of the bacteria to phagocytic killing activity | MEDAL |
examination included patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and moderate obstruction subjects or severe obstructive syndrome subjects the dynamic morphofunctional xray examination along with a T0 of external respiratory function made it possible to study the DP of functional disturbances in patients with tuberculosis of respiratory organs and concurrent bronchial one roentgenopneumopolygraphy supplemented with PE tests and berotec specified the localization extent and the character of disorders of bronchial patency and enabled one to T0 the compensatory mechanisms of external respiratory function during antibacterial therapy according to the data of roentgenopneumopolygraphy the more serious airfilling disorders are the more pronounced the bronchial obstructive changes are while the degree of respiratory disorders depends on the type and extent of the process and on the duration of the disease and its genesis | MEDAL |
the haemodynamic response to dopamine infusion has been assessed in patients in septic shock with myocardial dysfunction dopamine infusion resulted in a haemodynamic improvement as indicated by significant increases in cardiac SO of p less than stroke volume p less than and MAP pressure of p less than despite the inotropic effect left ventricular filling pressure did not NC in cases and increased in cases mean IP resistance remained unchanged with a scatter of individual responses depending upon AF such as dopamine dose and initial vascular resistance dopamine increased intrapulmonary shunting by p less than insignificantly decreased pao increased mixed A-V oxygen saturation by p less than and decreased pulmonary V1 resistance by p less than both isoprenaline and dopamine improve stroke volume by an inotropic action with an increase in venous return in the case of the latter and a reduction in afterload in the former it is concluded that the usefulness of dopamine in septic shock may be limited in patients with previous myocardial disease because of the risk of increasing preload and in hypoxaemic patients because of the risk of increasing Qs/Qt | MEDAL |
the authors reported an early case of cauda equina syndrome after hemilaminectomy and discectomy for LDH ctscan revealed the migration of the free fat VG used for preventing peridural scar formation removal of the graft resulted in total patients REC | MEDAL |
vulnerable or highrisk atherosclerotic plaques often exhibit large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps that can lead to deadly vascular events when they rupture in this T0 PE glycol pegmicelles that incorporate a gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid gddtpa amphiphile were used as an mr UCA in an approach inspired by lipoproteins the micelles were functionalized with tyrosine residues an aromatic lipophilic CAA to reach the lipidrich Az of atherosclerotic PI in a highly efficient manner these micelles were applied to apolipoprotein e apoe mice as a MM of atherosclerosis the ABD aortas of the animals were imaged using tweighted tw highresolution mri at t before and up to h T3 the administration of the micelles pegmicelles modified with IMT residues yielded a significant enhancement of the ABD aortic wall at and h PI pi as compared to unmodified micelles fluorescence microscopy on histological sections of the abdominal aorta showed a rho between lipidrich Az and the CSD of the functionalized UCA in plaque using a simple approach we demonstrated that lipidrich areas in AS PI of apoe mice can be detected by mri using gddtpa micelles | MEDAL |
SE of mongolian gerbils to trichloroethylene tce ppm in an inhalation chamber continuously for mo resulted in an altered HFA DP of phospholipid in discrete areas of the BB lipids were extracted from four brain regions the CBF cortex the hippocampus the cerebellar vermis posterior and the BS no changes induced by tce were found in lipid class distribution among the different regions examined whole BB weights and weights of the dissected pieces were also unchanged in EPG from the CBF SC and the hippocampus a decrease was found among longchain fatty acids derived from linolenic acid with a corresponding increase of the LA family the cerebellar vermis and the BS were less affected since Az rich in gray matter were affected more than those with a high proportion of WG matter it seems reasonable to assume that the fatty acid alterations of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides occur mainly in the gray matter furthermore we suggest that the alterations can be a compensatory mechanism for the membrane fluidizing properties of tce | MEDAL |
skin lipids of mice exposed to no contain lipidsoluble nitrosating agents nsa that react in vitro with amines to produce nitrosamines to test whether this reaction occurs in skin we exposed mice to ppm no for h and h later applied mg morpholine or nmethylaniline to the skin which was then analyzed for the corresponding nitrosamine when morpholine was applied mean nnitrosomorpholine yield was only nmolmouse not significant when nmethylaniline was applied and mice were killed after min nnitrosonmethylaniline yield in the skin was nmolmouse of which occurred in the hair nsa formation when mice were exposed to ppm no was only of that for exposure to ppm no nsa occurred mostly in surface lipids of the skin and its in vitro reaction to give nitrosamines was not inhibited by alphatocopherol when morpholine was painted and mice were then exposed to ppm no for min the skins contained nmol nnitrosomorpholinemouse attributed to a direct reaction between no and the amine we concluded that nitrosamine formation in skin by this direct reaction may be more important than the reaction of amines with noderived nsa | MEDAL |
in a retrospective study we compared TV sonograms with transabdominal sonograms in women referred for DUE of palpable pelvic masses the diagnoses included ovarian cyst endometrioma complex cyst four dermoid three infection three ovarian malignancy two and uterine fibroid three the final diagnosis was made surgically in patients and by a combination of US and clinical correlation in the remaining patients more information about the internal architecture or anatomy of the mass was provided by the TV images than by the transabdominal scans in of the patients transabdominal sonography did not provide more diagnostic information in any of the patients examined TVS was helpful in obese patients in those with a C1 amount of bowel gas and in those unable to achieve adequate bladder filling six simple cysts and four complex pelvic masses were identified solely on TV sonograms the results suggest that transvaginal US has considerable advantages over conventional TAS in the evaluation of pelvic masses in women | MEDAL |
catheter ablation was attempted in patients with AVN reentry tachycardia which showed fast intermediate and slow anterograde atrioventricular node pathways radiofrequency currents were applied within a restricted area of the tricuspid annulus between the HB and the ostium of the CS where presumed slow pathway potentials were identified elimination of both the intermediate and the slow pathways with preservation of anterograde and retrograde fast pathway conduction was achieved in both patients | MEDAL |
to examine the danger to the SP nerve during percutaneous screw placement in the distal holes of the hole proximal tibia less invasive stabilization system SP in a cadaver | MEDAL |
in patients on hemodialysis who received kidney grafts from living related donors plasma C2 of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor iranf were determined in a sequence covering the last hemodialysis treatment the day of transplantation and a followup period of months the geometric mean value before dialysis was pgml the range weight loss during dialysis was kg mean sd but only a NS reduction in iranf C2 occurred on the day of transplantation plasma iranf C2 increased from pgml before to posttransplantation p n probably in response to deliberate VE posttransplant iranf levels correlated significantly to diuresis during the first h which ranged from to mean r p on day mean h diuresis decreased to most patients had reached their true dry weight by day but iranf C2 remained high the geometric mean being pgml during further followup and preserved graft function gfr range mlmin per m body SA iranf C2 declined to a geometric mean of pgml by months and to at months posttransplant we conclude that plasma iranf levels are chronically elevated in patients with chronic renal failure but may be further stimulated by acute overhydration transplanted kidneys initially respond to the increased C2 but adapt within a day even with good VG CF normalization of plasma iranf requires several weeks or months | MEDAL |
MI mi to reduce alcohol and marijuanarelated driving events among incarcerated adolescents was evaluated adolescents were randomly assigned to receive mi or relaxation training followup assessment showed that as compared to rt adolescentture the authors review the aetiology of depression in liver diseases examining the neuropathogenic effect of hcv they demonstrate the scientific results which are evidences of hepatitis c viral infection for the alterations in the central nerve system the depression is one of the SE of the IFN treatment used in the therapy of hcv the authors demonstrate the biological basis OD consequences of depression produced by interferon and they give a review of the protocol in the diagnostic procedure of a patient with depression they summarize the steps of psychiatric drug therapy in chronic CL diseases that is also important whether the chronic hcv infected patient with depression can be treated with interferon the loss of interferon treatment can lead to the fatal outcome of MLD in order to have the correct decision a collaboration between internist and psychiatric specialist is necessary | MEDAL |
this paper considers the impact of communitylevel variables over and above the effects of individual characteristics on healthcare access of lowincome children and adults residing in large metropolitan statistical areas msas further we rank msas performance in promoting healthcare access for their lowincome populations the individuallevel data come from the and national HIS nhis the communitylevel variables are derived from multiple publicuse data sources the outcome VL is whether lowincome individuals received a physician visit in the past twelve months the proportion receiving a visit by msa varied from to for children and from to for adults access was better for individuals with health insurance and a regular source of care and for those living in communities with more federallyfunded health centers children reequencies in the french genetics of resistancesusceptibility to immunodeficiency virus cohort with that reported in a control french population seven ancestral haplotypes were identified in the genetics of resistancesusceptibility to immunodeficiency virus cohort with a frequency the odds ratio or p or p and or p ancestral haplotypes were associated with rapid progression whereas the or p or p and or p ancestral haplotypes were associated with slow progression to aids although the frequency of each ancestral haplotype is low in the population the or were quite higher than those previously obtained for single hla allele associations with some p values as low as the analysis of the recombinant fragments of these haplotypes allowed the identification of the mhc regions in the and haplotypes associated with rapid progression to aids and the mhc regions of the and haplotypes associated with slow progression to aids previous studies have identified single hla alleles associated with disease progression our results on recombinant fragments confirm the direct role of hlab in rapid progression associations with hlaa and b might be due to linkage disequilibrium with other causative genes within the mhc region | MEDAL |
given current controversies regarding anti and proinflammatory effects of estrogen there is a need to explore relationships between gonadal hormones and inflammation using appropriate animal models it has been proposed that rats are not AGA for such research since contrary to the effect of estrogen in humans earlier animal studies had reported that estrogen downregulates serum creactive protein rcrp levels in the rat with these considerations in mind we reexamined the effects of estrogen withdrawal and replacement on crp expression and complement activation in the rat f rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery at months of age four months later ovariectomized rats were treated with traditional highdose betaestradiol hie capsules lowerdose loe betaestradiol capsules or PL capsules for days prior to sacrifice levels of plasma rat creactive protein rcrp were significantly lower in ovariectomized vs shamoperated animals vs mgl p estrogen replacement significantly raised rcrp levels in ovariectomized animals mgl in loe and mgl in hie respectively p plasma rcrp levels correlated significantly with both hepatic rcrp r p and SS estradiol r p C2 however no significant differences were observed in indices of complement activation cbc or crpcomplement complex generation rcrpc complex in the mature female rat ovariectomy reduces and estrogen replacement raises rcrp effects of estrogen on plasma rcrp induction are mediated at least in part through hepatic mechanisms and do not appear to require or be associated with complement activation | MEDAL |
the properties of the body surface play a crucial role in most interactions of marine organisms critical ecological properties such as drag morphology uptake and release of radiation and organic matter are linked to the BS of an aquatic organism the properties and functions of this interface may be modified substantially by the presence and MICs of epibiotic communities this in turn may lead to substantial modulation of the interactions between the organism bearing epiphytes and its environment with consequences for the relative fitness of the host organism basibiont and its interactors and ultimately the structure and SF-36 of the assemblage epibiosis may act as an ecological lever via these indirect effects greatly amplifying or buffering biotic and abiotic stress | MEDAL |
electrical stimulation of the DL periaqueductal gray dlpag and one of its target structures the ventromedial hypothalamus vmh produces a typical behaviour in rats consisting of vigorous running and jumping which is known as escape behaviour escape behaviour in rodents closely mimics panic attacks in humans since electrical stimulation at highplacement of dental implants can be greatly improved through the use of medical ct or dental cone beam computed tomography as the use of cbct technology has become more accessible d treatment programs have evolved considerably two cases will be reviewed to illustrate how modelbased cbct RTP and d multiplane treatment programs can assist with the pretreatment DUE and decisionmaking process for the complex placement of implants | MEDAL |
heart rate variability hrv from the frequency domain and three calculations of entropy en approximate apen sample sampen and lempelziv lzen were assessed for intra and intervisit reproducibility from ST recordings in persons with tetraplegia and neurologically intact controls the intraclass rho coefficient icc was calculated for multiple comparisons to determine the reproducibility in both groups during a h visit and across three visits by icc in both groups apen sampen and lzen possessed excellent intra or and intervisit reproducibility or in contrast frequency domain measures were collectively less concise in GA on intra and intervisit comparisons for both groups high frequency hf measures were more reliable than low frequency lf in control subjects relative to other units of expression normalized units nu of lf had the best intravisit reliability across all comparisons this was not the case on intervisit comparisons where absolute or and natural log ln or representations of lf were more reliable in the group with tetraplegia lfln was the most reliable for comparisons up to or including min or and two visits or thus calculations of en and hf hrv appear to be more reliable than lf hrv and less confounded by small sample sizes | MEDAL |
to examine the association of muscle strength with nocturnal enuresis | MEDAL |
we previously reported that cellbased therapies using isolated hepatocytes including hepatocyte transplantation and liver TE approaches provide therapeutic benefits to hemophilia for clinical application of these approaches it is important to establish an active hepatocyte proliferation system that enables providing a sufficient number of HCs we also reported that human HCs which were transplanted into the CL of urokinasetype plasminogen activator transgenic severe combined immunodeficiency upascid mice were able to proliferate while retaining their ability to produce coagulation factor ix the objective of this study was to explore the functionalities of other coagulation and AC factors of the propagated human hepatocytes in upascid mice human hepatocytes were Tx into the liver of upascid mice and the propagation status of human HCs in the mice was monitored by the increase in SS human Al levels and immunohistochemical DUE on the liver sections using upascid livers with various stages of human hepatocyte propagation we analyzed the gene expression levels of coagulation AF prothrombin factor vii factor x and factor viii and AC AF protein c and protein s by realtime polymerase chain reaction pcr using humanspecific primers as a result the total amount of raw messenger rna expression levels increased in all genes analyzed according to the progress of hepatocyte propagation and proliferation except for factor viii the gene expression levels of the highly repopulated upascid mouse livers with human hepatocyte showed higher levels than those of normal human livers indicating that propagated human HCs in the upascid system possess full functions to produce most of the coagulationrelated AF the current work demonstrated that human hepatocytes can be propagated in exp animals while maintaining normal mRNA C2 of coagulationrelated AF it could be speculated that the propagated cells serve as a cell source for the treatment of various types of coagulation factor deficiencies | MEDAL |
the expression of creactive protein crp rises rapidly in response to inflammation the endoplasmic reticulum er stress has been reported to cause crp expression carbon monoxide co a reaction product of heme oxygenase exerts antiinflammatory effects in this T0 we aimed to examine the role of co in modulating er stressinduced crp expression in hepg cells er stress triggered by TM thapsigargin and homocysteine markedly induced crp expression and the activation of protein kinase rlike endoplasmic reticulum kinase perk inositolrequiring transmembrane kinaseendonuclease α ireα activating transcription factor atf and hepatocytespecific cyclic amp response PE binding protein h crebh a coreleasing molecule corm inhibited er stressinduced crp expression while corm att er stressinduced activation of ireα atf and crebh it augmented perk activation which was associated with its inhibition of crp expression corm also inhibited crp expression in response to the Th1 cytokine il that was found to induce er AS response in hepg cells moreover in mice treated with the er stress inducer TM corm administration reduced SS levels of crp and the expression of crp mrna in the CL collectively our findings suggest that co may attenuate er stressinduced crp expression through modulation of the unfolded protein response | MEDAL |
expression of urokinasetype plasminogen activator upa tissuetype plasminogen activator tpa their inhibitor pai and the upareceptor upar was characterized in six human tumor cell lines ovmz and ovcar established from patients with cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary the invasive potential of the ovarian CA cell lines determined in an in vitro invasion assay did neither correlate with the antigen level of upa tpa pai or upar nor with the cell surface upa activity however did correlate with the cell surfacebound PL activity the in vitro invasiveness of three cancer cell lines selected displaying a different DP of upa and upar expression was significantly inhibited by a recombinant soluble truncated form of the upar SF-36 as a scavenger for upa our results suggest that the interference of the upaupar interaction leads to a reduced in vitro invasiveness of human ovarian CA cells independent of the level of upa and upar expression | MEDAL |
an undesirable effect ue of a cosmetic product is a harmful reaction attributable to its normal or reasonably foreseeable use however the knowledge of ues at the population level is limited by the absence of formal and reliable cosmetovigilance systems which nevertheless are characterized by underreporting to test the feasibility of the collection of ues in our territory we have carried out a pilot project aimed to assess either the notification procedures or the validationevaluation of the collected forms in our territory as reporting categories we have chosen dermatologists and community pharmacists who were asked to notify ues to cosmetics through a reporting form we have set up during the period july december we have registered reporting forms dermatologists who have sent reporting forms represented the main reporting category followed by community pharmacists reports other health professionals reports and consumers reports several drawbacks mainly represented by the incompleteness and inaccuracy of the filled in forms affected the validation process thus on receipt we could validate only forms and only after a careful check with each single reporter we could include in the study other forms the validation of the collected reports has stressed the importance of a wellstructured reporting form an easy access to notification procedures as well as education and training programme the evaluation of the validated forms has revealed the need of a controlled term vocabulary for the classification of the observed events and diagnosis especially with regard to cutaneous reactions that represented almost the totality of the reported events among the events n reported by dermatologists were diagnosed as ACD acd and as irritant contact dermatitis icd facial caattracted to men there have been no unambiguous descriptions however of men who are sexually attracted to men and also sexually aroused by the idea of changing their HB to become more sexually attractive men this report describes such a man whose paraphilic interest would appropriately be called anatomic autoandrophilia the demonstration that anatomic autoandrophilia exists in men is consistent with the theory that erotic target location PE constitute an independent paraphilic dimension | MEDAL |
the cellmediated lympholytic capability of mouse SP cells stimulated in mixed lymphocyte culture is related to the major histocompatibility complex TT on target lymphocytes the CS combinations aqrb tr and barbar that result in significant mixed lymphocyte SC activation do not mediate cellmediated lympholysis on sensitizing target lymphocytes SD regions hk and hd are MZ within each combination hk or hd region disparity CT does not cause cellmediated lympholysis however after mixed lymphocyte culture activation as seen with babtr a target cell bearing only an hk region difference from the effector cell is sensitive to cellmediated lympholysis likewise an hd region difference is an adequate target T3 mixed lymphocyte culture activation of the effector cell in the combination barbd | MEDAL |
bacillary angiomatosis ba is an unusual systemic vascular proliferation seen predominantly in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome these V1 lesions are probably due to infection with a bartonella species most often b henselae and in some patients b quintana ba is treatable and often curable but without therapy may be lifethreatening clinically the lesions when SF are said to often resemble pyogenic granulomas appearing polypoid histologically with an epidermal collarette we now report six patients three of whom showed lesions of ba morphologically and histologically distinct from the other patients reported to date two patients lesions appeared clinically as violaceous plaques and tumours resembling kaposis sarcoma one of them had lesions histologically reminiscent of a papular angiokeratoma and the other had lesions histologically suggestive of a combination of kaposis sarcoma and ba another patient presented with soft subcutaneous nodules which histologically showed extensive acute inflammation characteristic of an acute PA but which also displayed proliferating dilated small blood vessels with bulbous endothelial cells adjacent to numerous bacteria and also containing them the grocottmethenamine silver stain and the WS stain showed the organisms to better advantage in lesions of all six patients although bacteria were also evident with the HE periodic acidschiff and AB stains | MEDAL |
twentytwo patients with bilaterally symmetrical persistent PPP were treated on one randomly selected side with oral psoralen and longwave ultraviolet CS the treated side cleared completely in twelve patients almost cleared in five patients and improved in four one patient improved on both sides fifteen of the twentytwo patients were then treated with topical psoralen and longwave ultraviolet light on the side that had previously been used as a control similar results were obtained seven patients cleared completely six patients were much improved and two were improved these results are significantly different from those liable to occur by chance p | MEDAL |
in psoriasis leukocytes that infiltrate skin lesions have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease previous investigations reporting the presence of cxcr t lymphocytes in psoriatic lesional skin have suggested a role of this receptor in the recruitment of t cells into the lesion the purpose of this study was to quantify the mrna levels of X4 and to perform a systematic analysis of the cell populations that express X4 in human lesional and nonlesional psoriatic biopsies we showed by realtime RT-PCR that the mrna C2 of X4 and its ligands cxcl were significantly elevated in psoriatic lesions as compared to nonlesional samples serial cryostat sections of psoriasis skin biopsies were evaluated by immunohistochemistry the number of X4 cells was low in nonlesional tissues quantitative image analysis demonstrated significant increases in the number of both epidermal and dermal X4 cells in lesional compared with nonlesional biopsies the majority of X4 cells were located in the dermis of the lesional skin and were demonstrated to be cd t lymphocytes a small number of X4 cells were cd myeloid cells in addition we found that nearly all bdca plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the psoriatic biopsies were X4 these findings support and extend prior reports suggesting the potential role for X4 in the pathophysiology of plaque PS by mediating the recruitment of PDCs and TA into the developing lesions | MEDAL |
to critically assess and summarize the beneficial effects of benzodiazepine therapy for insomnia in communitydwelling elders a systematic search was undertaken to review all published PCTs and sleep laboratory studies the risk of injury for benzodiazepine users was also reviewed ten studies met inclusion criteria for assessing benefit there are no studies regarding the longterm effectiveness of benzodiazepines for the treatment of sleep disorders in the elderly in the sleep laboratory setting triazolam mg flurazepam mg and estazolam mg improved SL by to minutes and increased total sleep time by to minutes for the first to nights of treatment compared with baseline measurements taken while the patients were receiving PL in contrast to these modest ST benefits there is an association between the use of benzodiazepines with a long halflife eg flurazepam diazepam and chlordiazepoxide and an increased risk of hip fracture in the elderly triazolam can cause rebound insomnia as well as anterograde amnesia clinicians should discontinue their prescribing of LA benzodiazepines for elderly patients with insomnia more research is needed on the effects of nondrug interventions as well as on short and intermediateacting benzodiazepines such as oxazepam and temazepam to treat insomnia in communitydwelling elderly | MEDAL |
captivity stressors and coping strategies were assessed shortly T3 the repatriation of vietnamera prisoners of war and physical and MH were assessed almost three decades later given research oial hypersensitive response hrmediated resistance to the pathogen and was used to identify genes differentially expressed in response to p melanocephala via suppression SH ssh tester cdna was derived from the brown rustresistant mutant T3 inoculation with p melanocephala while driver cdnas were obtained from the noninoculated resistant mutant and the inoculated susceptible donor variety b database comparisons of the sequences of the ssh recombinant clones revealed that of a subset of nonredundant sequences had similarity to known functional genes while were of unknown function thirteen genes were selected for transcript profiling in the resistant mutant and the susceptible donor variety genes involved in glycolysis and c carbon fixation were upregulated in both interactions probably due to disturbance of sugarcane carbon metabolism by the pathogen genes related with the nascent polypeptide associated complex posttranslational proteome modulation and autophagy were transcribed at higher C2 in the compatible interaction upregulation of a putative lisoaspartyl omethyltransferase sadenosylmethionine gene in the compatible interaction may point to fungal manipulation of the cytoplasmatic Met cycle genes coding for a putative no apical meristem protein sadenosylmethionine decarboxylase nonspecific lipid transfer protein and gdplgalactose phosphorylase involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis were upregulated in the incompatible interaction at the ON of haustorium formation and may contribute to the hrmediated defense response in the rustresistant mutant | MEDAL |
the author reviews the empirical evidence on the psychological sequelae of brain damage in childhood concluding that BB injury causes a markedly increased risk in both intellectual impairment and psychiatric disorder the risk is related to the severity of the brain damage but there is little indication of locus effects psychiatric disorder is probably most likely to occur when there is abnormal neurophysiological activity to some extent it may be influenced by the nature of the basic medical condition psychiatric consequences of brain injury are also substantially affected by s a measure of valve performance we have used the derivation of both the ERP area according to the aaslid formula measured intraoperatively and to the gorlin formula measured at a recatheterization study we also established the parameter effective index area ia or ii ia is defined as the ratio between the effective orifice area and the annulus orifice area and ii as the ratio between the effective orifice area and the internal orifice area of the valve housing the patients included in the T0 had either lilleheikaster björkshiley or hallkaster AV prostheses inserted in most of the lilleheikaster prostheses ia varied around and ii around while the corresponding values in the björkshiley prostheses were and increasing to around and respectively in the hallkaster prostheses | MEDAL |
a total of blood screening cards taken from newborn babies were anonymously selected for cystic fibrosis cf screening by quantitation of immunoreactive trypsin irt delfia and by delta f mutational analyses using polymerase chain reaction followed by a time resolved fluorescence hybridization assay delfia the irt values showed a log normal CSD and were significantly higher in girls than boys and in carriers compared with normals in newborns corresponding to an irt concentration greater than microgramsl was found one of these was a delta f homozygote with an irt concentration of microgramsl delta f mutational analyses showed normals heterozygotes and one homozygote ie a carrier frequency of this mutation for delta f of in future P0 cfscreening programmes we therefore recommend delfia irt followed by delfia delta f analyses for irt values greater than microgramsl | MEDAL |
usefulness of a noninvasive ultrasound method for pulmonary to SVR flow ration DUE one of the basic parameters characterizing hemodynamic disorders in cardiac defects with a lefttoright intracardiac shunt was assessed for that reason SVR and pulmonary flows examinations of patients were performed of them due to unsatisfactory SQ were excluded from the further analysis remainings were divided into three groups i the control group without an intracardiac shunt ii the group with a lefttoright intracardiac shunt iii before and T3 defect repair asd or vsd were proved or excluded basing on de RBF were simultaneously with cde detected using pulsed continuous and color doppler methods pulmonary and systemic flow volumes were calculated by means of a combined echocardiographic and doppler method those volumes ratio is equal to the parameter in question in cases due to disturbed flow in mai pulmonary i.a. pulmonary blood flow was measured on the mitral valve in cases or on the right VVI outflow tract level in patient systemic blood flow volume was always measured on the AV level high concordance of noninvasive calculations of pulmonary and systemic blood flow volumes was stated with differences between them not exceeded more than and with rho ratio r increased pulmonary flow and Qp/Qs were stated in patients with intracardiac shunt that ratio became normal after surgical correction there were studied changes in pulmonary and SVR flow volumes before and T3 a defect closure obtained results proved usefulness of noninvasive ultrasound assessment of pulmonary to systemic flow ratio in a lefttoright intracardiac shunt some potentially encountered difficulties of the method when its applied was also discussed | MEDAL |
a critical component of bacterial PCD assays is choosing a suitable affinity molecule that retains sensitivity and specificity for the target pathogen over a wide range of in situ applications bacteriophages phages are bacterial viruses that bind and infect their host cells with unmatched specificity phage hr is often determined by their long tail fibers ltfs that mediate adsorption of the virus particle to potential bacterial host cells by binding to TPS cell surface receptors the inherent specificity of the ltfs for distinct bacterial species makes them ideal candidates for OD into recombinant affinity molecules in this chapter we describe the development of the salmonella phage s ltf s ltf into an affinity molecule as part of a novel CA to detect salmonella cells the enzymelinked long tail fiber assay ellta involves two steps immobilization and separation of salmonella cells using s ltfcoated paramagnetic beads ltfmbs and labeling of beadcaptured salmonella using horseradish peroxidaseconjugated s ltf hrpltf rapid hrpmediated conversion of a chromogenic substrate provides visual confirmation for the presence of salmonella overall the ellta assay requires as little as h to detect as few as | MEDAL |
this pilot study in limitedstage smallcell carcinoma of the lung using concurrent cisplatin platinol and etoposide vepesid chemotherapy with radiotherapy has yielded a high complete response rate in of patients evaluable for response five of these NR have survived greater than years off all therapy with a stable high performance status median survival of all patients is months toxicity has been acceptable the most common being neutropenia radiation toxicities include of patients experiencing mild to moderate esophagitis with one severe toxicity and three of patients developing mild to moderate RP the high pCR observed with this program and the long tumorfree interval seen off MT deserve further exploration toxicities appear only moderately greater than with other programs currently utilized | MEDAL |
psi a nonclassical nucleoside present in human urine as a degradation product of rnas is one of the few molecules that has a glycosidic cc bond through a data base mining RPA involving transcriptomic data we have molecularly identified two enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of psi in uropathogenic escherichia coli the principal agent of urinary tract infections in humans the first enzyme coded by the gene yeic specifically phosphorylates pseudouridine to pseudouridine phosphate accordingly yeic mutants are unable to metabolize pseudouridine in contrast to wildtype e coli uti the second enzyme encoded by the gene yein belonging to the same operon as yeic catalyzes the conversion of psi phosphate to uracil and ribose phosphate in a divalent cationdependent manner remarkably the glycosidic cc bond of pseudouridine is cleaved in the course of this reaction indicating that yein is the first molecularly identified enzyme able to hydrolyze a glycosidic cc bond though this reaction is easily reversible the association of yein with psi kinase indicates that it serves physiologically to metabolize psi phosphate rather than to form it yein is homologous to thermotoga maritima inda a protein with a new fold which we now show to act also as a pseudouridinephosphate glycosidase data base mining indicates that most eukaryotes possess homologues of psi kinase and pseudouridinephosphate glycosidase and that these are most often associated in a single bifunctional protein the gene encoding this bifunctional protein is absent from the genomes of man and other mammals indicating that the capacity for metabolizing pseudouridine has been lost late in evolution | MEDAL |
strictures are a frequent complication of eosinophilic esophagitis the tau and safety of topical corticosteroids and of dilation of eosinophilic esophagitisassociated strictures have not yet been thoroughly clarified we present a retrospective analysis of AD patients with eosinophilic esophagitis who had symptomatic esophageal stenosis that was unresponsive to topical corticosteroids and who were treated using bougienage eight patients had one single stricture one patient had two and another had three strictures mean stricture length was cm range cm bougienage led to prompt symptom relief apart from transient postprocedural odynophagia no severe complications occurred during the followup mean months range months all patients enjoyed sustained treatment response | MEDAL |
cranial computed tomography cct findings in patients suffering from parkinsons syndrome were compared with a sex and agematched NC signs of supratentorial atrophycortical and subcorticalwere more significantly marked in the parkinson group in both CG signs of atrophy were more prevalent in men than in women PD women also more frequently showed limited features such as lacunar lesions around the lateral ventricles moreover in these patients atrophy was marked in the frontal SC | MEDAL |
based on findings primarily in cats the grouping of spindle activity and fast BB oscillations by slow oscillations during slowwave sleep sws has been proposed to represent an essential feature in the processing of memories during sleep we examined whether a comparable grouping of spindle and fast activity coinciding with slow oscillations can be found in human sws for negative and positive halfwaves of slow oscillations dominant frequency hz identified during sws in humans n wavetriggered averages of root mean square rms activity in the theta hz alpha hz spindle hz and beta hz range were formed slow positive halfwaves were linked to a pronounced and microv p with REF to baseline at the midline central electrode cz in contrast spindle activity was suppressed during slow negative halfwaves on average by microv at cz p an increase in spindle activity msec T3 negative halfwaves was more than twofold the increase during slow positive halfwaves p a similar although less pronounced dynamic was observed for beta activity but not for alpha and theta frequencies discrete spindles identified during stages and of nonrapid eye movement rem sleep coincided with a discrete slow positive halfwavelike potential preceded by a pronounced negative halfwave p these results provide the first evidence in humans of grouping of spindle and beta activity during slow oscillations they support the concept that phases of cortical depolarization during slow oscillations reflected by surfacepositive depthnegative field potentials drive the thalamocortical spindle activity the drive is particularly strong during cortical depolarization expressed as surfacepositive field potentials | MEDAL |
the gasphase reaction chemistry when using dimethylsilane dms as a source gas in a hotwire chemical vapor deposition cvd process has been studied in this work the complex chemistry is unraveled by using a soft ev single photon ionization technique coupled with timeofflight mass spectrometry in combination with the isotope labelling and chemical trapping methods it has been demonstrated that both freeradical reactions and those involving silylenesilene intermediates are important the reaction chemistry is characterized by the formation of tetramethyldisilane tmds from dimethylsilylene IS into the sih bond of dms trimethylsilane trims from freeradical recombination and dimethyldisilacyclobutane dmdscb from the self dimerization of either dimethylsilylene or methylsilene at low filament temperatures and short reaction time silylene chemistry dominates the freeradical reactions become more important with increasing temperature and time the same three products have been detected when using tantalum and tungsten filaments indicating that changing the filament material from ta to w does not affect much the gasphase reaction chemistry when using dms as a source gas in a hotwire cvd reactor | MEDAL |
the simultaneous partial nitrification anammox and denitrification snad process was validated to potentially remove ammonium and cod from wastewater in a single oxygenlimited nonwoven rotating biological contactor nrbc reactor an ammonium conversion efficiency of tn RE of and cod removal efficiency of were obtained with the nitrogen and cod loading rate of kgnmd and kgmd respectively SEM microscopy sem observation and fluorescence in situ hybridizations fish analysis revealed the existence of the dominant groups of bacteria as a result the aerobic ammoniaoxidizing bacteria aob with a spot of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were mainly distributed in the aerobic outer part of the biofilm however anammox bacteria with denitrifying bacteria were present and active in the anaerobic inner part of the snad biofilm these bacteria were found to exist in a dynamic equilibrium to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and cod removal in nrbc system | MEDAL |
a mechanism for the induction of dna singlestrand scissions in cultured chinese hamster cells by cadmium chloride cdcl was investigated by use of the technique of alkaline elution inducibility of dna singlestrand scissions by cadmium was examined under an aerobic or anaerobic SC condition about of the total cellular dna was eluted throughout the filter within h of elution time by treatment with x m cdcl for h in our usual aerobic medium in contrast no difference in elution profiles of dna was observed between untreated control cells and the cells treated with cdcl in the anaerobic medium which was prepared by n gas bubbling of aerobic medium for min furthermore elution of dna from cells treated with cadmium decreased markedly in the presence of superoxide dismutase sod when compared with that in the absence of sod inhibition of the cell growth by Cd was significantly protected by the presence of sod in the medium although the cell growth was not restored to the control level these results indicate that active oxygen species participate in cdinduced dna singlestrand scissions and also in the growth inhibition of the cells by the metal | MEDAL |
we report a rare case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism complicated by polyhydramnios and PT labor in a mother without TG pathology the diagnosis was made in the th week by ultrasound and cordocentesis tsh microuml free t ngdl the therapeutic regime required repeated fetal blood sampling for determination of thyroid hormones five intraamniotic administrations of microg levothyroxine lt weekly were initiated because of the persisting goiter and the elevated level of tsh microuml in weeks in the fetal SS the dosage had to be adjusted to microg lt in the next five injections tsh in fetal SS declined to microuml in weeks normal fetal growth and an uncomplicated course of pregnancy between the th and th week of gestation were observed monitoring of intrauterine therapy by determination of tsh in fetal SS may provide more reliable data than measuring tsh in amniotic fluid a review of cases of fetal goitrous HT in the english literature is presented | MEDAL |
an elderly patient developed a spinal epidural hematoma days after lumbar puncture resulting in paraplegia concurrent administration of enoxaparin aspirin ketorolac and a traumatic tap were implicated in causation | MEDAL |
two methods for TC cannulation of the goat were evaluated during a contraception T0 in adult female nigerian dwarf and african pygmy goats twentyfour transcervical cannulation procedures were conducted in which seven females underwent the procedure times initially a rigid mm stainless steel cannula and external CS source were used in procedures to introduce the contraceptive compound into the uterus placement of the cannula was directed by feel or depth assessment of seven females that were euthanized following this procedure four evidenced complications including penetration of the cervix with the cannula and C2 damage a mm custommade endoscope with a specially designed cannula was then used for the remaining five procedures no complications were found a single animal that underwent the endoscopic procedure twice was euthanized for study purposes and no abnormal findings of the reproductive tract were reported the use of an endoscope resulted in better outcomes because the uterus could be visualized T3 traversing the cervix | MEDAL |
six months after undergoing a fontan T0 a yearold boy with RA atrial isomerism and a single PET ventricle was admitted to our emergency department with cyanosis emergency cardiac catheterization revealed a large venovenous fistula that began in a left hepatic vein connected to the left accessory hepatic veins and drained into the common atrium resulting in desaturation the fistula was occluded proximally with an ASO with satisfying results the patients systemic arterial saturation decreased during his hospital stay three weeks T3 the first MI a second procedure was performed to retrieve the first device and to close the fistula distally multiple attempts with different types of gooseneck snares and a bioptome catheter failed to retrieve the first device so a telescopic method was used to rescrew it using a mullins long sheath and delivery sheath the delivery cable was manipulated to fit into the slot of the end screw and the cable was rotated gently in a CW direction to rescrew the device then another amplatzer septal occluder was placed at the distal end of the fistula in conclusion distal transcatheter occlusion of intrahepatic venovenous fistulas might lead to better clinical outcomes in selected patients amplatzer septal occluder device can be retrieve without any complication within three weeks | MEDAL |
recent literature indicates that lowdose methylene blue mb an autoxidizable dye with powerful antioxidant and metabolic enhancing properties might prevent neurotoxininduced neural damage and associated PET deficits this study evaluated whether local mb may counteract the anatomical and functional effects of the intrastriatal infusion of the neurotoxin rotenone rot in the rat to this end stereological analyses of striatal lesion volumes were performed and changes in oxidative energy metabolism in the striatum and related motor regions were mapped using cytochrome oxidase histochemistry the influence of mb on striatal levels of oxidative stress induced by rot was determined and behavioral tests were used to investigate the effect of unilateral mb coadministration on motor asymmetry rot induced large anatomical lesions resembling metabolic strokes whose size was greatly reduced in mbtreated rats moreover mb prevented the decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity and the perilesional increase in oxidative stress associated with rot infusion in the striatum mb also prevented the indirect effects of the rotinduced lesion on cytochrome oxidase activity in related motor regions such as the striatal regions rostral and caudal to the lesion the substantia nigra compacta and reticulata and the pedunculopontine nucleus at a network level mb maintained a global strengthening of PET connectivity in basal gangliathalamocortical motor circuits as opposed to the functional decoupling observed in rotalone subjects finally mb partially prevented the behavioral sensorimotor asymmetries elicited by rot these results are consistent with protective effects of mb against neurotoxic damage in the brain parenchyma this T0 provides the first demonstration of the anatomical metabolic and behavioral neuroprotective effects of mb in the striatum in vivo and supports the notion that mb could be a valuable intervention against neural damage associated with oxidative stress and SE hypometabolism | MEDAL |
although the outcome for philadelphia positive ph B-ALL all with conventional chemotherapy is poor the outcome after a siblingmatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation bmt seems to be significantly better the surprising success of allogeneic bmt may be because of disease response to highdose chemotherapy combined with a graftversusleukemia effect however less than of patients have a matched related donor available and some of them will be too oldnot fit for conventional bmt while young patients who do not have a matched related donor should be considered for matched unrelated donor mud SPK older patients may be treated with autologous SC transplantation asct or rarely considered for a lowintensity mud SPK the tau of ABMT compared with chemotherapy is still debatable although the new tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib may be used for pretransplant purgingposttransplant therapy aiming to improve autologous and allogeneic bmt results the advantage of lowintensity sibmud allograft compared with chemotherapy is not proven either and is currently under investigation however if shown to be curative LI allograft may significantly improve the outcome of older ph all patients who are not eligible for conventional allograft | MEDAL |
incisional hernias are treated laparoscopically in an increasing number of cases the simplest technique is the peritoneal onlay technique composite mesh consisting of one layer of polypropylene mesh destined to face the ABD wall and one layer of less adhesioninducing material destined to face the bowel has been developed in an effort to avoid intraperitoneal adhesion formation and viscus erosion while probably superior this type of mesh is very bulky easily damaged and hence extremely difficult to be safely introduced through conventional trocars | MEDAL |
from through british breed and crossbred cows were mated to simmental pinzgauer or tarentaise bulls or to herefordangus F1 bulls beginning in continental european crossbred females also entered the herd to be mated for first calving to herefordangus or angus bulls and as cows to continental EU or herefordangus bulls in progeny of british breed and F1 cows dam breed effects on birth and weaning weight were not important but continental EU F1 calves were heavier than british F1 contemporaries at birth and weaning pinzgauer and simmentalsired calves were heavier at birth than tarentaise crosses but calves sired by each of the continental breeds had similar weaning weights maternal heterosis was greater than direct heterosis effects on weaning weight vs but only direct heterosis influenced birth weight within progeny of continental european crossbred cows calves with a tarentaise maternal grandsire were lighter at birth with no significant difference among other maternal grandsire breeds maternal breed effects on weaning weight were not significant nevertheless in contemporary years continental EU F1 cows reared calves that were heavier than calves reared by british crossbred cows pacific northwestern cattle producers could achieve substantial increases in weaning weight from introducing inheritance from continental european dualpurpose breeds into cow herds and calf crops of british ancestry | MEDAL |
the posterior cruciate ligament index pcl index has been reported as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for ACL ligament acl reconstruction the clinical relevance of pcl index on the reconstruction of acl with hamstring tendon autograft has not been described in the literature the objective of this T0 is to evaluate the importance of the pcl index as a marker of anatomic reconstruction and of functional improvement of patients undergoing acl reconstruction with ht autograft twentyfour patients were submitted to acl reconstruction with ht autograft the pcl index was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging before and T3 surgery the PET evaluation was performed through the international knee documentation EC ikdc subjective knee DUE form© and knee society knee scoring system© iks patients presented a significant positive R2 of the pcl index ikdc and iks scores there is no significant correlation between pcl index variation and ikdc and iks scores p unlike other studies reporting a relationship between the pcl index control of rotational kinematics and PET improvement in patients undergoing acl reconstruction with bonepatellar tendonbone autograft this T0 does not demonstrate this association there is evidence in this study to show that the pcl index may be used as an anatomic reconstructive marker of acl but not to predict the clinical outcome in this type of reconstruction | MEDAL |
inflammatory bowel disease ibd that is CD cd and ulcerative colitis affects about million persons in the usa and million in europe the pathophysiology of ibd involves immunological genetic and environmental AF the treatment is medicosurgical but suspensive antitnfα agents have revolutionized the treatment of ibd but have SE in addition a nonnegligible percentage of patients with ibd stop or take episodically their treatment consequently a nondrug therapy targeting tnfα through a physiological pathway devoid of L1 SE and with a good costeffectiveness ratio would be of interest the VN has dual antiinflammatory properties through its afferent ie HPA and efferent ie the antitnfα effect of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway MF we have shown that there is an inverse relationship between vagal tone and plasma tnfα level in patients with cd and have reported for the first time that chronic vagus nerve stimulation has antiinflammatory properties in a rat model of colitis and in a pilot T0 performed in seven patients with moderate cd two of these patients failed to improve T3 months of VN stimulation but five were in deep remission clinical biological and endoscopic at months of followup and vagal tone was restored no major SE were observed thus VNS provides a new therapeutic option in the treatment of cd | MEDAL |
xray diffraction patterns from crystals of biological macromolecules contain sufficient information to define atomic structures but atomic positions are inextricable without having electrondensity images diffraction measurements provide amplitudes but the computation of electron density also requires phases for the diffracted waves the resonance phenomenon known as anomalous scattering offers a powerful solution to this phase problem exploiting scattering resonances from diverse elements the methods of mad multiwavelength anomalous diffraction and sad singlewavelength anomalous diffraction now predominate for de novo determinations of atomiclevel biological structures this review describes the PCS underpinnings of anomalous diffraction methods the evolution of these methods to their current maturity the elements procedures and instrumentation used for effective implementation and the realm of applications | MEDAL |
cytochrome p cypa is the principal and most abundant human isoform of cyp responsible for the metabolism of more than of all consumed drugs and innumerable endogenous compounds expression of cypa is sexually dimorphic and regulated by the combined actions of gh and glucocorticoids in the case of the rat nearly all of the cyps are intrinsically or inherently sexually dimorphic meaning that the expressed sex differences are permanent and irreversible using primary hepatocyte cultures derived from men and women exposed to physiologiclike C2 of continuous gh the feminine circulating profile CT dexamethasone alone and the combined regimen we observed a dramatic inherent cypa sexual dimorphism women more than men with all treatments the molecular basis for this intrinsic sexually dimorphic expression of cypa appears to be due at least in part to a greater level of hormonedependent activation and nuclear translocation of both hepatocyte nuclear factorα hnfα and pregnane x receptor in female HCs furthermore these transcription factors exhibited significantly higher dna IB C2 to their TPS motifs on the cypa promoter in female hepatocytes inferring a possible explanation for the elevated expression of cypa in women accordingly experiments using hepg cells treated with small GABA rnainduced knockdown of hnfα andor transfected with luciferase reporter constructs containing a cypa promoter lacking hnfαbinding motifs demonstrated that gh to a greater extent dexamethasone and to the greatest extent the combine hormone regimen stimulated hnfα and pregnane x receptor promoter TA signifying enhanced transcription of cypa and thus identifying a molecular mechanism contributing to the intrinsic sexual dimorphic expression of human cypa | MEDAL |
the effects of tissue ingrowth on the compliance of porous dacron grafts were studied in mm externalvelour warpknit dacron grafts implanted in the canine descending thoracic aorta the compliance of these grafts was measured before implantation and T3 implant periods of two weeks and one two four and six months compliance which initially was mm hg decreased less than T3 implantation no statistical difference at p less than no anastomotic NIH was observed although the total thickness of the VG wall increased two to threefold T3 implantation the benign healing process observed in this study had very little influence on graft compliance followed to six months | MEDAL |
oral microbiota consists of hundreds of different species of bacteria fungi protozoa and archaea important for oral health oral mycoses mostly affecting mucosae are mainly caused by the opportunistic pathogen CA they become relevant in denturewearers elderly people in diabetic patients and in immunocompromised individuals differently bacteria are responsible for other pathologies such as dental caries gingivitis and periodontitis which affect even immunecompetent individuals an appropriate oral hygiene can avoid or at least ameliorate such pathologies the regular and correct use of toothbrush toothpaste and mouthwash helps prevent oral infections interestingly little or no information is available on the effects if any of mouthwashes on the composition of oral microbiota in healthy individuals therefore by means of in vitro models we assessed the effects of alcoholfree commercial mouthwashes with different composition with chlorhexidine digluconate with fluoride with essential oils with cetylpyridinium chloride and with triclosan on several virulence traits of c albicans and a group of viridans streptococci commonly colonizing the oral cavity for the T0 here described a REF strain of c albicans and of streptococci isolates from pharyngeal swabs were used chlorhexidine digluconate and cetylpyridinium chloridecontaining mouthwashes were the most ERP in impairing c albicans capacity to adhere to both abiotic and biotic surfaces to elicit Th1 cytokine secretion by oral epithelial cells and to escape intracellular killing by phagocytes in addition these same mouthwashes were ERP in impairing biofilm formation by a group of viridans streptococci that notoriously cooperate with the cariogenic s mutans facilitating the establishment of biofilm by the latter differently these mouthwashes were ineffective against other viridans streptococci that are NK competitors of s mutans finally by an in vitro MM of mixed biofilm we showed that mouthwashestreated s salivarius overall failed to impair c albicans capacity to form a biofilm in conclusion the results described here suggest that chlorhexidine and cetylpyridiniumcontaining mouthwashes may be ERP in regulating microbial homeostasis of the oral cavity by providing a positive balance for oral health on the other side chlorhexidine has several side effects that must be considered when prescribing mouthwashes containing this molecule | MEDAL |
african clawed frogs xenopus laevis although primarily aquatic have a high tolerance for dehydration being capable of withstanding the loss of up to of total water body water recent studies have shown that micrornas play a role in the response to dehydration by the CL kidney and VP skin of x laevis micrornas act by modulating the expression of mrna transcripts thereby affecting diverse PSA pathways in this study micrornas were assessed in frog brains comparing control and dehydrated ± of total body water lost conditions micrornas of interest were measured using a modified protocol which employs polyadenylation of micrornas prior to reverse transcription and qpcr twelve micrornas that showed a significant decrease in expression to of control levels in brains from dehydrated frogs xlamira a b c e a and b were identified genomic analysis showed that the sequences of these dehydrationresponsive micrornas were highly conserved as compared with the comparable micrornas of mice suppression of these micrornas implies that translation of the mrna transcripts under their control could be enhanced in response to dehydration bioinformatic analysis using the diana mirpath program v predicted the top two kegg pathways that these micrornas collectively regulate axon guidance and longterm potentiation previous studies indicated that suppression of these micrornas promotes neuroprotective pathways by increasing the expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor and activating Bcl-2 pathways this suggests that similar actions may be triggered in x laevis brains as a protective response to dehydration | MEDAL |
performing a complete blood count analysis is a daily routine necessary for a good care of patients nowadays modern blood analyzers provide on top of CP blood values several additional parameters in this paper using short case presentations we discuss how to interpret these results and integrate them in the clinical context | MEDAL |
endovascular redo aortic operations are a challenging undertaking techniques for treatment date almost as far back as the original or itself risk factors for failure following aortic repair include larger ABD aortic aneurysm necks severe neck angulation as well as clinical variables such as age family history obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the armamentarium of endovascular treatments is vast and increasing aside from provisional embolization of endoleaks or deferment to or conversion attention should be directed toward obtaining adequate proximal and distal sealing this can be achieved with palmaz stents endoanchors and extension with fenestrated or branched endovascular repair thoracic aortic coverage may be required and revascularization of the LSA should be considered technical issues such as these as well as target vessel cannulation and accommodation of the new graft within the previous implanted VG require experience and careful planning distal extension can likewise resolve a failing repair and this may require the use of internal iliac artery embolization or iliacbranch devices redo aortic operations are technically demanding and are carried out with increased risks improving technology such as F0 imaging should mitigate some of this risk and are recommended | MEDAL |
computerbased imaging systems are becoming important tools for quantitative assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples to help experts diagnose blood disorders such as acute leukemia these systems generally initiate a segmentation stage where white blood cells are separated from the background and other nonsalient objects as the success of such imaging systems mainly depends on the accuracy of this stage studies attach great importance for developing accurate segmentation algorithms although previous studies give promising results for segmentation of sparsely distributed normal white blood cells only a few of them focus on segmenting touching and overlapping cell clusters which is usually the case when leukemic cells are present in this article we present a new algorithm for segmentation of both normal and leukemic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow images in this algorithm we propose to model color and shape characteristics of WBCs by defining two transformations and introduce an efficient use of these transformations in a markercontrolled watershed algorithm particularly these domain TPS characteristics are used to identify markers and define the marking CF of the watershed algorithm as well as to eliminate false WG blood cells in a postprocessing step working on WG blood cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow images our experiments reveal that the proposed algorithm improves the segmentation performance compared with its counterparts leading to high accuracies for both sparsely distributed normal WBCs and dense leukemic cell clusters | MEDAL |
details of ion transporting CA in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium are now known the central hypothesis that excessive drying of the airway surfaces is a primary event that leads to all the manifestations of the RI in cystic fibrosis is not proved the hypothesis is however consistent with the known transporting abnormalities and is strengthened by the modest clinical improvement produced by a strategy designed to correct the transporting CA the discovery of the CFTR together with the presumed structure of the protein product provides a focal point that must eventually connect the PET CA with the genetic defect the cellular function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator must now be the major target in research on cystic fibrosis strategies for treatment based on known cellular and molecular CA are beginning to emerge but will be undoubtedly more focused once the responsibility of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator is known | MEDAL |
several molecular pathways are implicated in renal cell carcinoma rcc pathogenesis including von hippellindau vhl gene inactivation leading to vascular endothelial growth factor vegf expression therapeutic targeting of vegf and related pathwaenotypic changes in reproductive tissues including the promotion of angiogenesis and V1 function here we provide an overview of some of the findings from these studies with specific emphasis on the role of cyclooxygenase enzymes prostaglandins and their receptors in benign and neoplastic pathologies of the human endometrium | MEDAL |
atrial natriuretic peptide anp binds to the guanylyl cyclasea gca receptor found in tissues such as the kidney and adrenal gland resulting in marked elevations of the intracellular signaling molecule cgmp here gca is shown to exist as a phosphoprotein when expressed in human embryonic cells the p is principally associated with phosphoserine with only trace amounts of phosphothreonine the addition of anp causes a timedependent dephosphorylation of the receptor as well as desensitization which is not due to an anpmediated decrease in the amount of receptor protein the mobility of gca on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE increases T3 treatment of cells with anp and protein phosphatase a induces the same mobility shift the protein phosphatase also catalyzes dephosphorylation of gca and this is directly cof the parental line or the syncytiapositive clones longterm cultures revealed a marked delay in the appearance of reverse transcriptase rt activity in the supernatants of these subclones when compared with the parental L1 and viral replication did not lead to massive cell death syncytia formation in HIV+ cultures of the syncytiadeficient subclones was enhanced by TN factor alpha tnf alpha when added h postinfection in contrast i.c.v. with tnf alpha for h followed by washing and infection of the cells with hiv augmented syncytia formation of the syncytiapositive subclones but not of the syncytianegative subclones thus the emsmutagenized subclones may provide a tool to study host cell AF required for the establishment of a productive hiv infection and responsiveness to tnf alpha | MEDAL |
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have been a mainstay in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as RA arthritis however these agents can result in severe and occasionally lifethreatening adverse effects that can limit therapeutic benefit progress toward safer antiinflammatory therapy was aided by the discovery that cyclooxygenase cox exists as two isozymes cox and cox both isozymes form prostaglandins that support physiologic functions however the formation of Th1 prostaglandins is catalyzed by cox inhibition of cox accounts for the antiinflammatory and analgesic action of nsaids however concurrent inhibition of cox inhibits prostaglandindependent mechanisms such as gastroduodenal mucosal defense and platelet aggregation this inhibition is the basis of the gastrointestinal toxicity and one characteristic of these drugs these findings led to the hypothesis that agents that selectively inhibit cox would possess antiinflammatory and analgesic action but would spare cox thereby avoiding adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract and platelets selective cox inhibitors are now available the novelty of these agents has raised questions in the medical community as to what constitutes selectivity for cox this review outlines the criteria that must be met to characterize a compound as coxspecific clinical evidence of clear improvement in gastrointestinal tolerability and safety must be demonstrated in addition to cDNA evidence of cox selectivity obtained from enzyme PSA and clinical pharmacology evaluations | MEDAL |
the occlusal phase of chewing is especially interesting because food particles are being pulverized in this phase for efficient chewing the upper and lower teeth must come together in a congruent fashion with less R2 than in other phases to examine this expectation the chewing motions of women were recorded optoelectrically and their frontal and sagittal angles of the closing and following opening strokes were measured at mm d linear distance of opening closing strokes were more stable than opening strokes the frontal angle was correlated with the sagittal angle during closing the opening and closing sagittal angles dely studied whereas the effect of alcohol use on stroke features is not well established this T0 compared the clinical and stroke features of IS in two groups of patients with ICM stroke those with a history of alcohol misuse and those with a PH of more social drinking dsmiv criteria were used to diagnose alcohol use disorder dependency or abuse in of consecutive patients aged years months after IS magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed months after stroke alcohol use disorder was diagnosed in of ischemic stroke patients these patients had more frequently vs or ci p an infarct affecting the putamen compared with patients who indulged in more social drinking another predisposed area was the superior anterior cerebral artery area the stroke due to C1 i.a. atherosclerosis was more common in patients with alcohol use disorder the misuse of alcohol seemed to be associated with CBF infarct localization in the putamen and superior anterior CBF i.a. area prospective studies are needed to verify our preliminary finding | MEDAL |
zn ii coordination EDC have aroused growing attentions as antibacterial entities in the present work we fabricated a new antibacterial complex of lâphenylalanineâoxidized starchcoordinated zinc ii lâpheostâzn ii by successive reactions of oxidization maillard and coordination maillard reaction occurred between lâphe and ost to form lâpheost which was then coordinated with zn ii by carboxyl CG for lâpheostâzn ii the complex showed good antibacterial activity and the antibacterial activity against e coli was slightly poorer than b subtilis the presence of complex favored the generation of reactive oxygen species ros in bacteria and the ros level in b subtilis was higher than that in e coli furthermore the toxicity of lâpheostâzn ii towards ht cells was very low the characteristics of better antibacterial activity and less cytotoxicity endow lâpheostâzn ii a great potential of application as a food additive | MEDAL |
methods for the direct ch functionalization of aromatic EDC are in demand for a variety of applications including the synthesis of agrochemicals pharmaceuticals and materials herein we disclose the construction of aromatic nitriles via direct ch functionalization using an acridinium photoredox catalyst and trimethylsilyl cyanide under an aerobic atmosphere the reaction proceeds at RT under mild conditions and has proven to be compatible with a variety of electrondonating and withdrawing CG halogens and nitrogen and oxygencontaining heterocycles as well as aromaticcontaining pharmaceutical agents | MEDAL |
a lamininderived synthetic peptide cysaspproglytyrileglyserargnh cdpgyigsrh containing an active site for cell binding inhibited both angiogenesis and solid tumor growth it potently suppressed both embryonic angiogenesis of the chick chorioallantoic membrane and migration of vascular endothelial cells induced by a tumorconditioned medium but neither the in vitro proliferation of endothelial cells nor that of RT cells additionally in in vivo tests cdpgyigsrnh markedly inhibited both the growth of sc solid tumor of sarcoma and that of lewis lung carcinoma ll in the lungs on the contrary ascitic tumor growth of sarcoma was not affected by this peptide even though the same cell source was used it was concluded that solid tumor growth inhibition by cdpgyigsrnh was due not a direct effect on cell growth but to antiangiogenic effect mediated by the inhibition of EC cell migration | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to determine if biomarkers of bone turnover deoxypyridinium dpyr or osteocalcin oc could be detected in human saliva these biomarkers have been measured in ovariectomized sheep saliva but not in human saliva saliva was collected from women the bone mineral density of the calcaneus was assessed by quantitative ultrasound and expressed as a t score salivary dpyr and oc concentrations were determined by ELISA CA data were analyzed by a spearmans rho rho test and factorial analysis of variance was followed by a post hoc tukeys test there were significant correlations between age body mass index dpyr or oc concentration and calcaneus t scores p suggestickness it has a sensitivity of ng comparable to that of colloidal coomassie brilliant blue g cbbg IF with phosphoric acid in the IF solution the counterion dye stain does not induce protein modifications that complicate interpretation of peptide mapping data from ms considering the speed sensitivity and compatibility with ms the counterion dye stain may be more practical than any other dyebased protein stains for routine proteomic researches | MEDAL |
the photosynthetic cp thylakoid membrane of higher plants is a complex threedimensional structure that is morphologically dynamic on a timescale of just a few minutes the membrane dynamics are driven by the phosphorylation of lightharvesting complex ii lhcii by the stn kinase which controls the size of the stacked grana region relative to the unstacked stromal lamellae region here i hypothesise that the functional significance of these membrane dynamics is in controlling the partition of electrons between photosynthetic linear and cyclic electron transfer let and cet which determines the ratio of nadphatp produced the stn kinase responds to the metabolic state of the cp by sensing the stromal redox state a high nadphatp ratio leads to reduction of thioredoxin f trx | MEDAL |
bicucullineinduced convulsions increased gl use throughout the brain and sharply demarcated the VP pallidum and globus pallidus gl use in the nucleus accumbens also increased T3 bicucullineinduced convulsions except for a circumscribed region in the dorsomedial shell since the projection from the nucleus accumbens to the VP contains gammaaminobutyric acid gaba and the opioid peptide DAGO the DP of increased gl use in the VP pallidum and nucleus accumbens after bicucullineinduced convulsions was compared to the topography of gabaa and muopioid receptors the DP of gl use in the nucleus accumbens and VP pallidum resembled the topography of gabaa but differed from that of muopioid receptors bicuculline may disinhibit gabaergic efferents to the ventral pallidum resulting in a dramatic increase in glucose use within striatopallidal synaptic terminals as well as in local terminals of the pallidal PNs | MEDAL |
the involvement of raf kinase in the insulin ST chain leading to control of cell proliferation was studied in the hiie HTC cell L1 by inhibiting expression of the kinase with AS oligodeoxyribonucleotide directed against raf mrna antisense oligonucleotide was found to reduce at microm or completely block at microm the stimulation by insulin of dna synthesis measured as thymidine incorporation the residual dna synthesis seen in the absence of insulin stimulation was also inhibited by the raf kinase AO | MEDAL |
to analyse our results of using a double arterial perfusion strategy to avoid lower body hypothermic circulatory arrest T3 extensive thoracic aortic surgery | MEDAL |
the construct and predictive validity of adaptive SMB of mentally retarded persons was investigated using a multitrait multimethod analysis the validity issues of concern were a how generalizable the adaptive SMB dimension is over a variety of measurement methods b how adaptive behavior relates to mental age ma and c how well adaptive SMB assessment references placement in programs and situations adaptive behavior and ma were assessed by program participation psychometric ratings and overall staff ratings adaptive SMB had high convergent validity and low discriminant validity and predicted ma program placement better than did ma we concluded that adaptive behavior scores could replace ma | MEDAL |
the roles of noncontrast computed tomography ncct and ct angiographicct perfusion ctactp imaging in the rapid triage of clinically suspected hyperacute stroke patients to appropriate therapy is reviewed contraindications to thrombolysis include ncct hemorrhage absolute and significant parenchymal hypodensity relative the sensitivity of ncct for early h stroke detection higher than that of conventional magnetic resonance imaging is improved further by using nonstandard window and level review settings ctactp is fast and convenient adding approximately min to the ncct examination ctactps accuracy in diagnosing ischemia and localizing thrombus to PT or distal intracranial vessels far exceeds that of clinical examination including NIH stroke scale use facilitating triage of AGA candidates to intraarterial thrombolysis the size of the ICM ctp hypodensity proportional to reduced CBF blood volume predicts final infarct volume and clinical outcome its location can guide the decision to perform intraarterial thrombolysis intravenous thrombolysis or other treatment | MEDAL |
twophoton p microscopy is a highresolution imaging technique that was initially applied by neurobiologists and developmental cell biologists but has subsequently been broadly adapted by immunologists the value of p microscopy is that it affords an unparalleled view of singlecell spatiotemporal dynamics deep within intact tissues and organs as the technology develops and new transgenic mice and FL probes become available p microscopy will serve as an increasingly valuable tool for assessing cell function and probing molecular mechanisms here we discuss the technical aspects related to p microscope design explain in detail various tissue imaging preparations and walk the reader through the often daunting process of analyzing multidimensional data sets and presenting the experimental results | MEDAL |
the lymphographic appearances of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes in patients with multiple myeloma have been analyzed none of the patients had any signs of extramedullary involvement of myelomatosis before lymphography in cases irregular filling defects suggestive of myelomatous involvement were found in one case they were close to a myelomatous bone lesion whereas in the others the lymphographic abnormality was totally unexpected in all patients other nodes showed reactive hyperplasia such nonspecific PH was also encountered in other cases in cases the myelomatous involvement of CL node was detected before the diagnosis was recognized which is contrary to the belief that multiple myeloma involve NO late in the disease in addition to diagnostic aid the lymphographic demonstration of the myelomatous spread into lymph NO may influence on the selection of the therapeutic RPA to the disease | MEDAL |
the hplc method was used to determine the purine nucleotide atp adp amp gtp gdp gmp nad contents and the values of the AEC aec and guanylate energy charge gec for three human acute myelogenous leukemia aml cell lines hl m subtype of aml thp m subtype of aml and hel m AT1 of aml in frenchamericanbritish classification fab and for one CML-BC cml cell L1 k the results showed that the examined leukemic cells had some significant changes in their purine nucleotide concentrations relative to healthy cells on the basis of the obtained results it seems that two of the tested AML one cell lines hl and hel have similar purine nucleotide metabolisms while the third aml cell L1 thp has a GDP metabolism like that of the chronic myelogenous one cell L1 k | MEDAL |
the evil effects of tobacco on the health of those who smoke it have been emphasized broadly in the past few years both in the public and in the medical press the possible damage that can be done to those who are passive sm has also been pointed out now the fetus is in the front row of these that is why it is important to point out this fact after a brief statement about the physiopathology of the condition the authors review the literature and extract the following points which can be ascribed to the use of tobacco lowering of the birth weight considerable increase in risk of premature separation of the placenta a negative rho with the frequency of preeclamptic toxaemia the authors point out the additional feature that the effect of tobacco can potentiate the effects of an associated pathological condition finally they emphasize the methodological difficulties which account for the numerous discrepancies and uncertainties that still exist about the action of tobacco on pregnancy | MEDAL |
the triterpenes balsaminoside b and karavilagenin c were isolated from the african medicinal plant momordica balsamina l karavoates b and d were synthesized by diacylation of with acetic and propionic anhydrides respectively in previous work derivatives and exhibited submicromolar median inhibitory concentrations ic in vitro against plasmodium falciparum welch human malaria parasite strains to times lower than those of natural product the main objective of the present study was to explore structurein vivo antimalarial activity relationships sar for compounds in plasmodium berghei vincke and lips nkinfected mice in the day suppressive test semisynthetic derivatives and exhibited greater in vivo antimalarial activity than isolates and orally and subcutaneously po karavoate b exhibited the greatest in vivo antimalarial activity maximal suppression of parasitemia at doses of mg kg day diacylation of NK isolate with short chain carboxylic acid moieties yielded derivatives with enhanced maximal in vivo parasitemia suppression for both routes of administration maximal in vivo parasite suppression by diacetyl derivative was roughly double that of NK precursor | MEDAL |
the purpose of this technical report is to determine the reproducibility of flow cytometry data for ploidy and cell cycle kinetics using paraffinembedded blocks of breast CA tissue one block from each of PT was studied in this report with each block having multiple sections analyzed independently all of these sections gave ploidy analyses while only gave cell kinetic values the sigma for the dna index value in the multiple analysis study was less than in all but three cases the cell kinetic values gave larger R2 and the actual values were dependent on the method of analysis comparison of the R2 for each method of analysis could not predict which procedure was superior these results would indicate that ploidy is a reproducible value while cell kinetic parameters should only be used as an indicator of proliferative activity that has been normalized to the mean or median of a C1 set of observations processed and analyld air in ten asthmatic subjects who came on six days on the first visit the provocation concentration producing fall in fev pc histamine was obtained after functional REC each subject walked on a treadmill whilst PLB dry cold air this resulted in an immediate fall greater than mean sd in forced expiratory volume in one second fev following recovery pc was measured again fev was then monitored for up to h pc was measured then and on the two following days at the same time of the day subjects were studied on three control days using the same design except that a resting period replaced the exercise with cold air the mean changes in pc at each interval T3 exercise combined with cold air were not statistically significant physiologically significant changes were obtained in only two subjects reaching a maximum h after the manoeuvre in these subjects changes in pc were reproducible during a second series of visits it is concluded that bronchial responsiveness to histamine is not generally influenced by the BC due to exercise combined with cold air | MEDAL |
organ shortage has driven many SPK centers to extend their criteria for organ acceptance VG allocation policies have been modified accordingly this report focuses on the impact of applying the socalled rescue allocation ra strategy for liver transplantation lt in a single center within the eurotransplant et area CL grafts are considered for ra when the regular organ allocation is declined by at least three centers or is averted because of donor instabilityunfavorable logistical reasons thus entering a competitive or a singlerecipient rescue organ offer procedure respectively the accepting center has the advantage to select a recipient from its own WL for these ra grafts among livers accepted at the university of heidelberg between january and december we Tx rescueallocated livers the indications for lt were HCC carcinoma hcc chronic liver disease and acute CL failure median cold ischemia time for ra grafts was h range the meld score mean sd was range and was for recipients with hcc three primary nonfunctions pnf occurred T3 transplantation of ra livers oneyear patient and GS were and respectively a comparison between the recipients of ra livers and regularly allocated livers revealed no significant difference regarding initial poor CF ipf pnf and surgical complications furthermore a median followup of months revealed no significant difference regarding patient and GS between the two groups the use of ra organs has increased the donor pool and transplantation dynamics with satisfying results the unique possibility to match livers with recipients which is left to the discretion of accepting center should be judged according to the centers experience to decrease the waiting times for a timely rescue of organsrecipients while avoiding futile transplantations | MEDAL |
many published studies reflect the growing application of cDNA and AM particularly CHM chm use in combination with conventional cancer therapy for advanced nonsmall cell LC nsclc but its efficacy remains largely unexplored the purpose of this study is to evaluate the tau of chm combined with conventional chemotherapy ct in the treatment of T3 nsclc publications in electronic databases were extensively searched and trials were included for analysis a sum of patients was enrolled in these studies at which patients participated in ct combined chm and in ct six patients dropped out and were not reported the group enrolled compared to using ct CT chm combined with ct significantly increase oneyear survival rate rr ci p besides the combined therapy significantly increased immediate tumor response rr ci pe and improved karnofsky performance score kps rr ci p combined therapy remarkarelationship between the perioperative SVR inflammatory response and endogenous cortisol production | MEDAL |
this review is based on selected reports from to and provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the state of the art related to the drug delivery advantages of polymeric nanocapsules which are a TPS type of polymeric nanoparticles used for improvement of biological effects special attention is given to the application of NC to increase the chemical and photostability of drugs to modulate the interaction with cells and tissues to reduce adverse effects of drugs and to increase the drug efficiency andor bioavailability moreover this review covers in vitro and in vivo studies highlighting interesting examples of drugs from several therapeutic classes for which tau is improved by encapsulation in different types of nanocapsules especially in lipidcore NC we also briefly present the first results obtained so far attesting to the safety of using polymeric nanocapsules for drug delivery | MEDAL |