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the effect of campdependent protein kinases from rb skeletal muscles on ca uptake by fragments of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was studied it was shown that incubation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments with protein kinase increases the rate of ca uptake without changing the activity of cadependent atpase this phenomenon is not accompanied by phosphorus incorporation into the protein components of the reticulum membranes the protein kinase preparation subjected to selfphosphorylation is also capable to increase the rate of ca uptake using c OA it was shown that the increase of the rate of ca transport under effects of the selfphosphorylated protein kinase occurs due to the binding of free fatty acids present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes it was found that the effect observed is due to phosphofructokinase atp dfructosephosphatephosphotransferase present in the protein kinase preparation
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in this study novel combinations of analgesics and neuroleptics were used in the rabbit in an attempt to produce a surgical level of anesthesia a commercially available mixture of fentanyl mgkg and droperidol mgkg fd was evaluated CT and in combination with either the benzodiazepine derivative diazepam mgkg or the alpha adrenoceptor agonist detomidine microgramskg rabbits were anesthetized on consecutive weeks with one of the three regimens heart rate respiratory rate blood pressure and arterial blood gases ph pco po were measured throughout each trial the times of loss and return of palpebral righting and pedal reflexes were recorded the addition of diazepam to the fd combination caused marked prolongation of the duration of reflex loss for all reflexes if the duration of reflex loss for fd is considered to be then fd plus diazepam fddiazepam prolonged the duration of reflex loss to and for righting and pedal reflex respectively the combination of fddiazepam produced significantly different results from those for either of the other combinations for righting reflex and palpebral reflex the results for fddiazepam were also markedly different from fd for pedal reflex but were not significantly different from those for fddetomidine prolongation of the duration of reflex loss was more moderate with the addition of detomidine and for righting and pedal reflexes respectively reflexes persisted in some rabbits for each anesthetic regimen palpebral reflex was preserved in one of the rabbits given fddiazepam four of five rabbits given fd and in two rabbits given fddening on chest radiograph or interstitial opacities on hrct scan patients with ras and coexisting diffuse pleural thickening andor interstitial fibrosis should be considered at a higher risk for lung CA in comparison to patients with isolated circumscribed PP based on increased ab counts by contrast the excess risk of LC is more questionable in patients with only ras and circumscribed PP as they may have ab counts either above or below that associated with pleural plaques CT this emphasizes the need for further followup studies to define criteria indicating the need for thoracotomy in these subjects
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refeeding syndrome is a complex syndrome that occurs as a result of reintroducing nutrition oral EN or parenteral to patients who are starved or malnourished patients can develop fluidbalance abnormalities electrolyte disorders hypophosphataemia hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia abnormal gl metabolism and certain vitamin deficiencies refeeding syndrome encompasses CA affecting multiple organ systems including neurological pulmonary cardiac neuromuscular and haematological functions pathogenic mechanisms involved in the refeeding syndrome and clinical manifestations have been reviewed we provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of refeeding syndrome the most important steps are to identify patients at risk reintroduce nutrition cautiously and correct electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies properly
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six cdna clones from human chromosome have been mapped in a set of complete yac contig spanning the entire chromosome q the mapping positions between two stss on the yac contig and the noti coordinates starting from the telomere of q were determined for the cdna clones the yac contig mapping positions agree well with those using a comprehensive somatic cell hybrid mapping panel
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the NK PH of prostatic cancer is incompletely understood small cancers may have a very slow or rapid growthrate and the majority are differentiated cells may leave the prostate by blood or lymph without penetrating capsule or invading the seminal vesicles the predication of RL or of biologic activity in any givne case is impossible stage a cancer should be separated into a focal and a diffuse stage a cancer that is low grade is best lfet CT stage a CA and high grade CA probably should be treated by MV radiation stage b includes many cancers that are microscopically stage c if this stage is separated into clinical stage b PT grossly involving less than one lobe and b PT involving one lobe or more the underestimation of microscopic extent in b will be less than in per cent of the cases in clinical T2 CA per cent are microscopically stage c radical prostatectomy for cure should be limited to clinical b cases without distant spread it is not a cureall but it provides the best year survival rate more completely more quickly less expensively and with fewer discomforts than other methods the alternative options are no treatment endocrine treatment and radiation the first is risky in many instances and may allow an acive CA to get out of control the second rarely destroys all of the cells in the total cell population and gives one a false sense of security the last should be reserved for cases well beyond T2 but without distant metastases where its usefulness exceeds that of radical excision
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we studied the increased C2 of hemoglobins aiaib and aic in five hospitalized diabetic patients to determine whether changes in diabetic control would cause parallel changes in the C2 of these hemoglobins before control of diabetes the mean fasting blood sugar for all patients was mg per deciliter range to and hemoglobin aic concentration per cent range to during optimal diabetic control the blood sugar concentration was mg per deciliter range to and hemoglobin aic concentration per cent range to hemoglobin aic concentration appears to reflect the mean blood sugar concentration best over previous weeks to months the periodic monitoring of hemoglobin aic C2 provides a useful way of documenting the degree of control of glucose metabolism in diabetic patients and provides a means whereby the relation of carbohydrate control to the development of sequelae can be assessed
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we report that combining interferometry with second harmonic generation shg microscopy provides valuable information about the relative orientation of noncentrosymmetric structures composing tissues this is confirmed through the imaging of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle the inteferometric second harmonic generation ishg images reveal that each side of the S1 filaments composing the a band of the sarcomere generates Ï phase shifted shg signal which implies that the S1 proteins at each end of the filaments are oriented in opposite directions this highlights the bipolar structural organization of the myosin filaments and shows that muscles can be considered as a periodically poled biological structure
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fMRI fmri of the BB using blood oxygenation level dependent bold contrast relies on the changes of paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin concentration which affects BB parenchyma and draining A-V vessels these changes in deoxyhemoglobin concentration in A-V vessels can also be monitored using a highresolution susceptibilitybased mrvenography technique four volunteers participated in the T0 in which functional mrvenograms were compared with conventional echoplanar imaging epiboldfmri in all cases small A-V vessels could be identified close to the Az of activation detected by conventional fmri in the venograms task performance finger tapping resulted in a loss of A-V vessel contrast compared to the G0 which is consistent with a local decrease of deoxyhemoglobin concentration mrvenography allows a direct visualization of the boldeffect at high spatial resolution in combination with conventional fmri this technique may help to separate the contribution of BB parenchyma and A-V vessels in fmri studies
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a brief review is presented of the temporary and permanent effects which are usually observed T3 irradiation treatment of SI plants with a one locussystem of gametophytic incompatibility and attempts are made to determine the infection route of l micdadei we isolated brevundimonas vesicularis from the shower hose of the patient�s home this motivated us to explore the symbiosis between b vesicularis and legionella in this study b vesicularis type CS b vesicularis kobe strain legionella pneumophila serogroup type CS and l micdadei kobe CS were used b vesicularis was inoculated into m phosphate buffer solution containing artificial sand and varying concentrations of gl at and legionella was added to the cultures T3 ten DI and legionella viable counts were monitored over time T3 three DI legionella counts increased approximately twofold in flasks containing gl but legionella counts decreased in both b vesicularis inoculated and noninoculated flasks containing higher concentrations of glucose the counts were significantly higher in flasks inoculated with b vesicularis than in noninoculated flasks throughout the experiments under the nutrientpoor conditions the presence of b vesicularis was found to aid a further increase in legionella counts further research is necessary to understand the symbiotic conditions most supporting the growth of l micdadei
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a MM that predicts the emission rate of volatile organic compounds vocs from building materials is D2 and used to predict the emission rate of semivolatile organic EDC svocs from polymeric materials reasonable PA between MM predictions and gasphase diethylhexyl phthalate dehp concentrations is achieved using data collected in a previous exp T0 that measured emissions of dehp from vinyl flooring in two very different chambers while emissions of highly volatile vocs are subject to internal control the materialphase DWI coefficient emissions of the very low volatility svocs are subject to external control partitioning into the gas phase the convective masstransfer coefficient and adsorption onto interior surfaces the effect of svocs partitioning onto airborne particles is also examined the dehp emission rate is increased when the gasphase concentration is high and especially when partitioning to the airborne particles is strong airborne particles may play an important role in inhalation exposure as well as in transporting svocs well beyond the source although more rigorous validation is needed the MM should help elucidate the mechanisms governing emissions of phthalate plasticizers brominated flame retardants biocides and other svocs from a wide range of building materials and consumer products
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the characteristics of data monitoring and the need for the use of data monitoring committees in PCTs sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry differ from those of trials sponsored by government data monitoring is a continuous process in industry trials due to the RII requirements and the need to more thoroughly evaluate safety of new EDC as part of this process interim analyses are employed to make decisions about treatment effects in some cases such analyses may require the use of an external data monitoring committee to assist in the data review analysis and decision making a number of examples of interim analyses with and without data monitoring committees are discussed issues surrounding the need for external data monitoring committees and recommendations are presented in particular the issues of sponsor participation in the DMC and controls of the decision making process are considered
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samples of surface sediment and shellfish were collected from minjiang estuarymazu and xiamenjinmen sea Az and were analyzed for HCHs hchs dichlorodiphenyltrichlorophenyl ddt and its degraded derivatives dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ddt and dichlorodichlorophenylethylene dde and polychlorinated biphenyls pcbs by gas chromatography concentration ranges of hchs ddts and pcbs in the sediments were and nd to ngg dw respectively those for shellfish samples were nd to dw and nd ngg dw respectively the results showed that the concentrations of such oganochlorine compounds ocs in the sediments were usually low as compared with other sea Az and estuaries and the organochlorines were accumulated in marine bivalve mollusks particularly in oyster with respect to the concentrations of hchs ddts and pcbs in the samples of either sediment or shellfish ddts were higher than hchs and pcbs the concentrations of ocs in shellfish samples varied with the sampling locations and organism species but were generally higher than those in the sediments the concentration distributions compositions and residue levels of these ocs are extensively discussed and evaluated
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several isotypes of protein kinase c pkc have been reported to be expressed in mammalian eggs but it is unknown whether these isotypes have a common CF in the egg during or within the first few hours of fertilization here we show that the isotypes of pkc exhibit distinct patterns of enrichment immediately after mouse egg activation pkcalpha and gamma accumulate in the egg cortex min postactivation while only pkcalpha accumulates at the contractile ring of the forming second polar body about h postactivation pkczeta exhibits some unique features that resulted in it being the focus of more extensive analysis pkczeta is tightly associated with the meiotic spindle as determined by detergent extraction and is closely associated with alphatubulin as determined by fret analysis in the metaphase ii mii egg in addition after egg activation pkczeta remains associated with the spindle as it transits into anaphase ii and later telophase ii becoming associated with the midzone microtubules antibodies to the active form of pkczeta are EC on the spindle poles and later in development on the midzone microtubules active pkczeta also is enriched in both pronuclei in the h postfertilization and in the hpf embryo as well as in the nuclei of the twocell embryo inhibition of pkczeta but not inhibition of other isotypes of pkc results in rapid disruption of the meiotic spindle this study suggests that pkczeta has a role in spindle stability while other pkc isotypes have different roles in the conversion of the egg to the zygote
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background dental age is less affected than the bone age by nutritional and hormonal AF the assessment of dental age in children is of value in clinical and forensic practice the aims of this T0 were to compare the demirjian method and the willems method in the assessment of dental age in children in poland and to consider the need to standardize dental age assessment material and methods polish children of caucasian ethnicity n who were treated at a single orthodontic center between includedo high lung clearance index lci and elevated diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide dlco conclusions although the patient presented with a normal spirometry the feno lci and dlco findings proved valuable and suggested a possible diagnosis of asthma the anatomic weakness associated with the tracheal diverticulum could have been the breaking point of sustained increased pressure in the airways due to a possible asthma exacerbation in retrospective we hypothesized this to be a series of events that ultimately ended as a pneumomediastinum
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the discharge R2 of abducens MNs was studied T3 blocking GABA synaptic inputs or both excitatory and inhibitory inputs by means of an intramuscular LR i.t. of either a low ng kg or a high dose ng kg of tetanus neurotoxin tent respectively motoneuronal firing increased after lowdose tent highdose treatment however produced a firing depression and in some cells a total lack of modulation in relation to eye movements firing became increasingly more regular with larger tent doses as shown by significant reductions in the coefficient of R2 T3 low and highdose treatments similarly autocorrelation histograms of interspike intervals increased the number of resolvable peaks twofold in lowdosetreated MNs and sevenfold in highdosetreated motoneurones the plots of sigma versus the mean instantaneous firing frequency showed an upward deflexion with low firing frequencies the upward deflexion occurred in controls at ms an interval similar to the mean afterhyperpolarisation ahp duration ms lowdose tent treatment shifted the deflexion point to ms whereas the high dose increased it to ms in spite of the fact that no differences in ahp parameters between CG were found the density of synaptophysinimmunoreactive boutons decreased by after the lowdose treatment and T3 the highdose treatment indicating that protracted synaptic blockade produces beta of synaptic boutons it is concluded that abducens motoneurone spike variability during spontaneous ocular fixations depends largely on the balance between GABA and excitatory synaptic innervation
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micrornas mirnas are negative regulators of mRNA that play an important role in hematopoiesis thal a defective globin synthesis leading to precipitate of excess unbound globins in red blood cell precursors results in defective BFU-E and ineffective IDE expression pattern of mir an erythroidspecific mirna was analyzed during differentiation of erythroid progenitors derived from normal and thalassemic peripheral blood cdpositive cells after days of SC a biphasic expression with transient upregulation of mirna on day of cultures was observed during thalassemic erythroid differentiation in contrast the expression DP of the mir in erythroid cells obtained from the other extravascular hemolytic anemia ie hereditary spherocytosis patients showed no transient upregulation of mir on day of cultures our results suggest that early erythroid progenitors in betathalassemia have a dysregulated mirna expression program and analysis of microrna is a relevant RPA to determine CA of IDE
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the morphology and molecular composition of intercellular adherens junctions have most frequently been described in epithelial cells and the fascia adhaerens of the IC disc a group of cytoplasmic molecules is known to be associated with adherens junctions the intercellular bond is mediated by cadherins which bridge the cells by homophilic IB recently endothelial cells have also been shown to form intercellular junctions of the adherenstype however they are morphologically less distinct and little is known about their molecular components in this T0 we report the localization of some adherens junction components in IN microvessels of the bloodbrain barrier in the rat we used antibodies raised against alphaactinin vinculin zyxin cadherin antipancadherin antibody and acam ncadherin in immunohistochemical experiments at CS and electron microscopical C2 microvessel walls reacted positively for all antigens throughout postnatal development all antigens were localised though not necessarily exclusively to interendothelial junctions at the ultrastructural level pancadherin CR was present throughout the entire length of the cleft these results could mean that in bloodbrain barrier EC cells the complex tight junction is embedded in an adherens junction which occupies the entire length of the cleft
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this T0 investigated clinicians perspectives during a quality improvement project to promote breastmilk feedings in premature infants
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adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells pmns to vascular EC cells ec is a critical step in recruitment and infiltration of leukocytes into tissues during inflammation high doses of butyric acid have been shown to ameliorate inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases ibd cholesterylbutyrate solid lipid NPs cholbut sln as prodrug are a possible delivery system for BA sodium butyrate or cholbut sln were coincubated with human pmns and human umbilical vein ec huvec adhesion was quantified by computerized microimaging fluorescence analysis both cholbut sln and sodium butyrate displayed antiadhesive effects on fmlp and ilbetastimulated cells in a CR curve m but cholbut sln were in all cases more AS moreover cholbut sln inhibited fmlpinduced adhesion of pmns to fcscoated plastic wells thus showing a direct effect on pmns while sodium butyrate had little effect confocal microscopy showed that fluorescent sln entered pmns and huvec T3 min incubation cholbut sln acted either on activated pmn or huvec cholbut sln inhibited o production and myeloperoxidase PR by pmns evoked by fmlp in a dosedependent but not timedependent manner and were more active than sodium butyrate in conclusion in all tests cholbut sln were more active than sodium butyrate thus cholbut sln might be a valid alternative to sodium butyrate in the antiinflammatory therapy of ulcerative colitis avoiding complications related to the administration of sodium butyrate
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the goals of treatment with pancreatic extracts in patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis are twofold pain relief and control of maldigestion caused by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency experience with the use of pancreatic enzymes for analgesic purposes suggests that the less severe the pain the greater the analgesic effect of these enzymes however the number of trials as well as the number of patients treated is fairly small and more studies in larger patient populations are needed the use of pancreatic enzymes for maldigestion owing to EPI which is secondary to chronic one pancreatectomy cystic fibrosis or gi bypass surgery incurs several problems these problems are primarily caused by gastric inactivation of the enzymes low CEA of many commercial S9 andor poor patient compliance treatment with conventional enzyme products powdered extracts EC tablets or capsules has been disappointing at best results were inconsistent showing a high degree of individual variation the introduction of enzyme preparations in the form of phsensitive entericcoated microspheres in hard gelatin capsules represents a significant advance these microspheres are superior to conventional enzyme S9 in improving the PS of pancreatic insufficiency particularly steatorrhea where low doses of microspheres are as effective as C1 doses of conventional enzyme preparations steatorrhea however is rarely CR resolved in cases refractory to therapy treatment with the combination of phsensitive entericcoated microspheres and hantagonists or prostaglandins has met with some success
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the involvement of sodium and chloride ions in the process of alphamelanocytestimulating hormone amsh release from Thy neurons was investigated using perifused rat hypothalamic slices three different stimuli were found to increase amsh release from hypothalamic slices high k concentration mm veratridine microm and the nakatpase inhibitor ouabain mm spontaneous or kevoked amsh PR was insensitive to the TPS na channel blocker tetrodotoxin ttx microm and to the blocker of k channels tetraethylammonium tea mm or aminopyridine ap mm in contrast blockage of OS nakatpase increased the resting level of amsh and caused a dramatic potentiation of kevoked amsh release the hH1 activator veratridine microm triggered amsh PR this stimulatory effect was blocked by ttx and prolonged by tea application indicating the occurrence of voltagesensitive na and k channels on amsh neurons replacement of na by impermeant choline ions from to mm did not alter kevoked amsh release conversely dramatic reduction of the external na concentration to mm caused a robust increase of amsh secretion from hypothalamic SN likely through activation of the naca exchange system these data indicate that the depolarizing effect of k results from direct activation of voltageoperated ca channels the lack of effect of tea on basal amsh release prompted us to investigate the possible involvement of chloride ions in the regulation of the SA of amsh neurons substitution of cl for impermeant acetate ions did not affect basal or kevoked amsh releaseabstract truncated at words
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bombyx mori ovaryderived bmn cells have been successfully adapted to a commercial SFM sfm sfii by gradually reducing the serumcontaining tc medium content from to vv the bmn cells adapted to the sfm bmnsfm adhered strongly to the SC flask and showed altered cell morphology the bmnsfm was subcultured times and the PDT was d infection studies showed that bmnsfm cells were easily susceptible to b mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bmnpv and both the multiplication of BV and the promoter activity of the polyhedrin gene in bmnsfm cells were almost the same as those in bmn cells before adaptation additionally mouse interleukin expressed by a recombinant bmnpv was normally secreted and modified with nlinked glycans in bmnsfm cells these findings indicate that bmnsfm is particularly useful for a bmnpvbased baculovirus expression vector system with serumfree conditions
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to determine the sequence specificity with which various antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to the p gene could direct rnase hdependent cleavage of p mrna an in vitro rnase h assay was done on in vitro synthesized p mrna three oligonucleotides tested isis coding region isis untranslated region and isis untranslated region directed cleavage of p mrna at the target sites in addition several additional cleavage products from nontarget CS were detected a computer sequence homology search revealed that these additional bands probably result from cleavage at regions of complementarity of eight or nine contiguous bases of the oligonucleotide and the p mrna these findings suggest that such nontarget specific cleavages may account for multiple effects of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides
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this T0 aimed to predict the velocity corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state mlssv from noninvasive variables obtained during a maximal multistage running field test modified university of montreal track test umtt and to determine whether a single constant velocity test cvt performed several days after the umtt could estimate the mlssv within weeks male runners performed a modified umtt and several min cvts to determine mlssv to a precision of km·h maximal aerobic velocity mav was the best predictor of mlssv a regression equation was obtained mlssv·mav r running velocity during the cvt vcvt and blood lactate at la and la min further improved the mlssv prediction mlssvvcvt ·δla r mlssv can be estimated from mav during a single maximal multistage running field test among a homogeneous group of trained runners this estimation can be further improved by performing an additional cvt in terms of accuracy simplicity and costeffectiveness the reported regression equations can be used for the assessment and training prescription of endurance runners
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it has been shown that intraductal i.v. of bile salts into the bilepancreatic ducts of dogs or rats were immediately followed by acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and some months later by persisting chronic one the T0 described in this article was designed to test the assumption that these chronic lesions were due to ductal strictures secondary to the toxic effect of bile salts the bilepancreatic ducts of rats were injected with ml of a solution containing microm na taurodeoxycholate and microm trypsin the survivors were killed at intervals from day to months following the induction of AP four to six sections were done in the first series and serial micron sections of the entire pancreas were taken from rats surviving months these showed that from the C6 day on the largest ducts draining pathological areas were obstructed by fibrosis distal to this obstruction intralobular ducts were dilated and their epithelia flattened or atrophied acini were atrophied and replaced by peri and intralobular fibrosis lesions were limited to Az drained by obstructed ducts with the rest of the parenchyma being normal we conclude that in exp animals as in human beings chronic lesions that persist after acute one are due to duct one not to acinar CN
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children represent about of all patients with urolithiasis but of these children are considered high risk for recurrent stone formation and it is crucial for them to receive a therapy that will render them stone free in addition a metabolic workup is necessary to ensure a tailored metaphylaxis to prevent or delay recurrence the appropriate therapy depends on localization size and composition of the calculus as well as on the anatomy of the urinary tract in specialized centers the whole range of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy eswl ureterorenoscopy urs and percutaneous nephrolithotomy pcnl are available for children with the same efficiency and safety as in adults
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the prevalence of complicated and calcified lesions and coronary stenosis the mean HW and the extent of atherosclerosis in the aorta and coronary arteries were greater in the sudden heart death group than in the high atherosclerosis group in the other SD group which included sudden deaths without myocardial infarction or CO all the above variables except heart weight were found to be lower than in the low atherosclerosis group and were close to those in the standardized average atherosclerosis group the mean HW in the other sudden death group was lower than in the sudden heart death group but significantly higher than in the three reference atherosclerosis groups
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systemic arterial hypertension has been previously suggested to develop as a compensatory condition when CE nervous perfusionoxygenation is compromised principal sympathoexcitatory c neurons of the rostral ventrolateral MO whose activation increases sympathetic drive and the arterial blood pressure are highly CS to hypoxia but the mechanisms of this o sensitivity remain unknown here we investigated potential mechanisms linking brainstem hypoxia and high systemic arterial blood pressure in the SH rat brainstem PC po in the SH rat was found to be â mm hg lower than in the NW rat at the same level of arterial oxygenation and SABP hypoxiainduced activation of rostral VLM neurons was suppressed in the presence of either an atp receptor antagonist mrs or a glycogenolysis inhibitor dideoxyiminodarabinitol suggesting that sensitivity of these neurons to low po is mediated by actions of extracellular atp and lactate BS hypoxia triggers PR of lactate and atp which produce excitation of c SN in vitro and increases SNA and arterial blood pressure in vivo facilitated breakdown of extracellular atp in the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata by virallydriven overexpression of a potent ectonucleotidase TM prostatic acid phosphatase results in a significant reduction in the arterial blood pressure in the SH rats but not in normotensive animals these results suggest that in the spontaneously hypertensive rat lower po of BS parenchyma may be associated with higher levels of ambient atp and llactate within the presympathetic circuits leading to increased CE sympathetic drive and concomitant sustained increases in SVR arterial blood pressure
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whole blood and hemolysates from seven normal and three erythropoietic protoporphyria patients were compared in terms of their hemoglobin function the P50 p of the erythropoietic protoporphyria hemolysates compared to normals vs mmhg p and EPP erythrocytes compared to normals vs mmhg p were increased while oxygenbinding cooperativity nvalue of the hill equation were similar we conclude that hemoglobin CF in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients is altered but without pathophysiologic consequences because hemoglobin in which protoporphyrin ix substitutes for heme has a low oxygen affinity our findings of a higher than normal affinity in erythropoietic protoporphyria red cells and hemolysates may indirectly support the findings by others that PP ix binds to hemoglobin at nonhemebinding CS in addition based on the effect of other abnormal hemoglobins this shift in p will decrease any tendency for anemia in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients
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the resistance to airflow that develops in most obstructive processes takes place in the small airways the aim of the present paper is to describe bronchial hysteresis morphometrically in a respiratory cycle MM as a working hypothesis it is proposed that the changes that take place in the respiratory tract during the respiratory cycle are related to the bronchial size specimen rat lungs were organized into five CG in the first group the lungs were filled with a liquid fixative to cm of ho TPP the following four CG were inflated with air and fixed through the pulmonary artery CG and were fixed at and cm TPP in inflation the last two groups were fixed in deflation and for this purpose the transpulmonary pressure was increased to cm and decreased to and cm respectively the lungs were processed for morphometrical T0 and the following variables were quantified pulmonary volume internal area internal perimeter WA internal area radius and bronchial wall radius the diameter of the airways studied varied between microm and microm the results were classified into three subgroups consisting of small mediumsized and C1 bronchi with a single exceptionthe internal area in the mediumsized bronchi inflated to cmall the results obtained in deflation were higher than those obtained in inflation the internal area increased or decreased significantly upon raising or lowering the TPP respectively in the small and mediumsized bronchi the WA in the large br of paroxysmal symptoms and cranial neuralgia did not differ between these two disease courses a coincidence of epileptic seizures and a decline in cognitive functioning not seen among patients with paroxysmal symptoms was found the relatively late occurrence of ES indicates that the frequency of epileptogenesis known to involve neuronal damage increases in the later stages of ms
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we propose for the first time an e coli bacteria sensor based on the evanescent field of the fundamental mode of a suspendedcore terahertz fiber the sensor is capable of e coli PCD at concentrations in the range of cfuml the PE fiber features a µm core suspended by three deeply subwavelength bridges in the center of a mmdiameter cladding tube the fiber core is biofunctionalized with t bacteriophages which bind and eventually destroy lyse their bacterial target using environmental sem we demonstrate that e coli is first captured by the phages on the fiber surface after minutes most of the bacteria is INF by phages and then destroyed with μmsize fragments remaining bound to the fiber surface the bacteriabinding and subsequent lysis unambiguously correlate with a strong increase of the fiber absorption this signal allows the detection and quantification of bich in turn results in fewer side effects AEs for dronedarone include gastrointestinal side effects and rash no dosage adjustments are required for patients with RI however the use of dronedarone is contraindicated in the presence of severe hepatic dysfunction
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the recalcitrant nature of polyvinyl chloride creates serious environmental concerns during manufacturing and waste disposal the present T0 was aimed to isolate and screen different soil fungi having potential to biodegrade pvc films after months of soil burial experiment it was observed that a number of fungal strains were flourishing on pvc films on morphological as well as on rrna gene CS and phylogenetic basis they were identified as phanerochaete chrysosporium pv lentinus tigrinus pv aspergillus niger pv and aspergillus sydowii pv the biodegradation ability of these fungal isolates was further checked in shake flask experiments by taking thin films of pvc c source in mineral salt medium a significant NC in color and surface deterioration of pvc films was confirmed through visual observation and SEM microscopy during shake flask experiments p chrysosporium pv produced maximum biomass of about mg ml followed by a niger pv p chrysosporium pv showed significant reduction da in molecular weight of the pvc film than control da by gel permeation chromatography furthermore more fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance also revealed structural changes in the pvc it was concluded that isolated fungal strains have significant potential for biodegradation of pvc plastics
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the alluvial aquifer adjacent to norman landfill ok provides an excellent natural laboratory for the study of anaerobic processes impacting landfillleachate contaminated aquifers we collected groundwaters from a transect of seven multilevel wells ranging in depth from to m that were oriented parallel to the flow path the center of the leachate plume was characterized by high alkalinity and elevated concentrations of total dissolved organic carbon reduced iron and methane and negligible oxygen nitrate and sulfate concentrations methane concentrations and SD carbon isotope deltac values suggest anaerobic methane oxidation was occurring within the plume and at its margins methane deltac values increased from about per thousand near the source to per thousand downgradient and at the plume margins the isotopic fractionation associated with this methane oxidation was per thousand methane c enrichment indicated that of the original landfill methane was Ox over the m transect firstorder rate constants ranged from to per year and oxidation rates ranged from to micromy overall hydrochemical data suggest that a sulfate reducermethanogen consortium may mediate this methane oxidation these results demonstrate that natural attenuation through anaerobic methane oxidation can be an important sink for landfill methane in aquifer systems
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the rate of the clonogenicity of granulocyte macrophage forming cells gmcfu in agar was analysed using MNC cells from the IP blood of CA patients undergoing total body irradiation tbi patients gy in days or hemicorporal irradiation of the lower lhbi patients gy in days or upper uhbi patients gy in days part of the body although the gmcfu level in the blood is low compared with that in the bone marrow and shows considerable R2 the preliminary results demonstrated that in most cases the gmcfu level was increased around the th day T3 the beginning of irradiation followed by a retf flow separation and stagnation occurred at the posterior wall of the aorta directly opposite the orifices of the superior and inferior MES arteries similar separation regions were observed during the simulated postprandial state but diminished markedly when distal outflow was increased to levels consistent with exercise in the highly susceptible infrarenal aortic segment beginning about cm below the renal artery orifices multiple AA flow patterns with three to four counterrotating vortex formations were observed under both resting and postprandial conditions but disappeared in the exercise state secondary flow patterns were not noted in the suprarenal ABD aorta which is usually relatively spared such features have been related to PI localization elsewhere and the disappearance of these patterns with increased flow velocity during exercise is consistent with the previously noted protective effect of unidirectional laminar highflow states the beneficial effects of physical fitness programs may be related in part to these hemodynamic modifications
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asbestos has been used extensively and in spite of many countries having banned most of its uses professional domestic and environmental SE has not ceased worldwide inhaled asbestos SF can lead to malignant mesothelioma lung cancer and noncancerous conditions while the substance persists indefinitely in the lung and pleural tissue resulting in continuous damage exposed individuals may be offered medical surveillance or compensation but nothing is currently being done to lower their specific CA risk chemoprevention seems a promising approach a web search and a pubmed review of the literature on chemoprevention trials in individuals exposed to asbestos have been conducted fortysix articles on five projects were found and newly reviewed but surprisingly no novel trials have been set up for twenty years although considerable advances have been gained in cancer chemoprevention a reconsideration of possibilities offered by chemoprevention should be encouraged new trials based on the most recently characterized molecules should be planned taking into account TPS issues such as the need for a very C1 number of participants and a long follow up or alternatively the use of biomarkers as surrogate endpoints the long latency of asbestos related diseases may offer delayed MI opportunities the lack of chemoprevention trials for asbestos exposure highlights the urgent need for research in this field
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a comparative study was performed to assess the effects of six pairs of coded EDC using cultures of whole chick and rat embryos as well as aggregating brain cell cultures developed originally for basic studies in developmental biology these three SC systems have been adapted for the screening of chemicals in the field of prenatal toxicology chick and rat embryos were cultured for days during the early stages of organogenesis aggregating cell cultures were prepared from early foetal rat telecephalon and grown for days in a chemically DM CR relationships were established by treating whole embryos in vitro for days and aggregating brain cell cultures for days T3 decoding the compounds the results showed that in the three test systems specific effects were induced at comparable concentration C2 similar compoundrelated malformations could be observed in both chick and rat whole embryo cultures in aggregating BB cell cultures neuron and gliaspecific effects could be distinguished based on the results obtained in the three in vitro systems the following concentration ranges were determined for the teratogenictoxic potencies of the test EDC in mollitre retinoids ro ro aminonicotinamide ketoconazole hydroxypyridine sulfadiazine sulfanilamide caffeine theophylline metronidazole methoxyacetic acid ME in general the three in vitro test systems were found to provide concordant and complementary data on the toxicity and teratogenicity of a given compound these data were also comparable with those available from in vivo studies it is therefore concluded that such a test battery could contribute significantly to risk assessment and to the reduction of in vivo experimentation in reproductive toxicology
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a yearold male presented with radiographical evidence of enlargement of the right side of the HR echocardiography and computed tomographyscan revealed a diffuse hugely enlarged right PD rca aneurysm with the distal portion flowing directly into the LV lv a radical correction T0 was performed successfully the rca was reconstructed with an autograft of a greater saphenous vein T3 the aneurysm was removed and the rcatolv fistula was closed the postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on th day after T0
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in a previous study a decline of tlymphocyte function was observed within a month period of viscum album extract vae application which did not occur in those patients with dose adaptation in response to strong local reactions lr or in those with moderate lr to further investigate the immunological prerequisites of these differences in the vae susceptibilities an analysis was carried out of the preexisting differences in the tumor patients lymphocyte subsets and of whether the lr pattern none moderate strong might be associated with distinct aspects of the patients quality of life
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the leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of the tomato crop and its development rate is known to decline when nitrogen availability for crop growth is limited because n limitation reduces plant primary metabolism but enhances secondary metabolism one can infer that the slow larval OD arises from lower leaf nutritive value andor higher plant defence as an attempt to study the first alternative we examined the tomatot absoluta interaction in terms of resource supply by leaves and NI by larvae tomato plants were raised under controlled conditions on nsufficient vs nlimited CR nutrient solutions plants were kept healthy or artificially inoculated with larvae for seven days serial harvests were taken and the n c DM and water contents were determined in roots stems and leaves leaf and mine areas were also measured and the n c dry mass and water surface densities were calculated in order to characterize the diet of the larvae the infestation of a TPS leaf lessened its local biomass by but this effect was undetectable at the whole plant scale infestation markedly increased resource density per unit leaf area water dry mass c and n suggesting that the insect induced changes in leaf composition nitrogen limitation lessened whole plant growth by and infested leaflet growth by it produced opposite effects on TPS resource density per unit area increasing that of dry mass and c while decreasing water and n these changes were ineffective on insect mining activity but slowed down larval OD under n limitation t absoluta consumed less water and n but more DM and c the resulting consequences were a increase of cn stoichiometry in their diet and the doubling of faeces excretion the observed limitation of larval OD is therefore consistent with a trophic explanation caused by low n andor water ints become refractory to displacement from the cell during growth as a monoculture most psk systems use a cytoplasmic toxin but the external toxins of bacteriocins also have a psklike effect it may be that any toxin and antitoxin gene pair can demonstrate psk when it is on a plasmid the secreted ribonuclease barnase and its protein inhibitor barstar have features in common with psk modules though their native context is chromosomal we hypothesized that their recruitment to a plasmid could produce an emergent psk phenotype others had shown that secreted barnase could exert a lethal effect on susceptible bacteria similarly to bacteriocins however barnase toxicity did not occur under the conditions tested suggesting that barnase is toxic to neighbouring cells only under very TPS conditions bacteriocins are only produced under some conditions and some conditionality on toxin function or PR may be advantageous in general to psks with external toxins because it would prevent killing of potential plasmidnaive hosts too much conditionality however would limit how advantageous the gene pair was to mobile elements making the genes unlikely to be recruited as a psk system
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measurement of bone mineral status may be a useful tool in identifying the children who could be exposed to an increased risk of OP in adulthood dual SE xray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography may be used to this purpose but the exposure to IR is a limiting factor for preventive studies in C1 populations of children in the last years quantitative ultrasound qus methods have been developed to assess bone mineral status in some peripheral skeletal CS such as calcaneus phalanges of the hand and tibia qus techniques are safe easy to use radiationfree and devices are portable so that they are particularly indicated to assess bone mineral status in children this review will concentrate on the main methodological principles of ultrasounds and the qus variables derived from their application to bone tissue technical differences and performance of qus methods AF influencing qus measurements normative data and results obtained in children with disturbances of growth or affected by disorders of bone and mineral metabolism including the assessment of fracture risk and comparison among qus dual SE xray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography methods
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laserinduced coulomb explosion of gold nanoparticles for breast cancer has been studied by nanophotolysis technique this T0 aimed to investigate whether laserinduced bubble formation due to coulomb explosion can provide an effective approach for selective damage of breast cancer with gold nanoparticles
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in order to explore whether the conventional use of fluorouracil fu had any toxic effects on trabecular meshwork cells bovine trabecular meshwork cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to fu at different concentrations the cellular morphology ultrastructure mortality and phagocytosis were studied under CS microscopy transmission electron microscopy and methods of wrights stain it was found that the toxic effects of fu on the cells were in a dosedependent mode x mgml of fu caused a C1 part of cells rounded up while x mgml of the drug only a Rg appearance of the cell surface SE to x mgml of fu made mitochrone swollen and RER enlarged with the cell mortality being the latex microspheres engulfed in cytoplasm in cells receiving x and x mgml of fu were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group p it was concluded that the safe concentration of fu on bovine TM cells was x mgml and the conventional dosage of fu in clinical practice would not cause injury to trabecular meshwork cells
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we reported movementrelated cortical potentials mrcps in patients with lesion of the dentate nucleus machadojoseph disease mjd cases dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy drpla myoclonus epilepsy associated with raggedred fibers merrf dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica dcm and compared with those of cases of multiple system atrophy msa who were postulated to have mild dentate lesions SND cases shydrager syndrome sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy and control subjects without any neurological findings further we classified the diseases into the following two groups based on the lesion of the dentate nucleus one was mjd group that had normal or slightly abnormal electroencephalogram eeg and the other was dn group drpla merrf dcm that had markedly abnormal eeg one of the main findings from this study was smaller slope of the ns in the mjd and dn group and normal Mw of bp there was no significant difference in the Mw of ns between mjd patients and dn patients this result shows eeg abnormalities have no influence on mrcp recordings these results suggest that ns component may reflect the CF in the cerebellar dentate nucleus and that mrcp is a useful diagnostic method in patients with cerebellar ataxia
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we report a green synthesis of silver NPs that uses extracts from the aerial part of artemisia capillaris both water and ethanol extracts successfully generated silver nanoparticles the formation of silver NPs was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance bands fourier transforminfrared spectra high resolutiontransmission electron and atomic force microscopic images various shapes of silver NPs were generated with an average diameter of nm with water extract and nm with ethanol extract an improvement in antibacterial activity mic microgml was observed against a total of twenty different strains of GN and grampositive bacteria a remarkable enhancement approximately fold was observed against PA escherichia coli enterobacter cloacae klebsiella oxytoca and klebsiella areogenes when compared with the extract alone silver nanoparticles produced by the ethanol extract showed slightly higher antibacterial activity than those generated with the water extract the correlation between total flavonoid content of each extract and the antibacterial activity did not exert any significant relationships this report suggests that plant extrasidered he adds in this article he presents those security and safety issues for managers and directors to thoroughly examine and review
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the CBF functional impairment in dementia of the alzheimer type dat was a quantitatively assessed using easily repeatable electroencephalographic analysis waveform recognition was employed to analyze the eeg electroencephalogram changes displayed before and T3 tasks of mental calculation reverse recitation and mental as both atpase and gtpase activities are inhibited by antibodies directed against the mbpc protein analysis of the ability of the different proteins to bind to labeled rna indicates that mbpc and mbpbc form a complex whereas none of the mutants interacted with rna indicating that the RBD lies beyond amino acid none of the fusion proteins had detectable helicase activity we suggest that poliovirus protein c shows similarities to the gtpases group involved in vesicular traffic and transports the viral rna RCs these results provide the first exp evidence that poliovirus protein c is an ntpase and that this protein has affinity for nucleic acids
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retinal pigment epithelial cells as well as choroidal melanocytes cm possess melanin granules the former show clear agerelated changes formation of LF LG with a concomitant decrease in melanin content however data on changes in the cm with aging are fairly limited we examined cm in human macular and midperipheral areas by light and transmission electron microscopy in yearold donor eyes n unlike in the choroid of lower ages the melanocytes from aging choroid years showed partial F0 of about melanosomes forming rosetteslike structures besides there was evidence of emptiness in cytoplasm caused by the loss of melanosomes in aged cm as was confirmed by quantification in macular part of choroid in T3 aged eyes yearold the cm possessed many lipid droplets as well as irregular lipofuscin granules the latter had a tendency to fuse with melanosomes as happens in aged retinal pigment epithelium macrophages in their cytoplasm contained abundant irregular as well as clumped melanosomes of VL size suggesting that damaged granulesmelanocytes are cleared by these phagocytes these obvious changes in the cm are likely to make the choroid prone to damage by visible light
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the OD and evaluation of a new method for the determination of trace transition and rareearth elements based on the combination of chelation and ion chromatography are described the new method chelation ion chromatography chelation ic uses a chelating column to concentrate and separate transition and rareearth elements from the common alkali and alkalineearth metals as well as other matrix components prior to analysis by IC the sample fraction from the chelating column contains only the concentrated analyte ions thus eliminating interfering matrix components from complex matrices such as seawater and digested biological botanical and geological materials this combination of chelation and ion chromatography provides a technique that makes possible the determination of trace elements in complex matrices that have proven to be difficult or impossible to analyze by ion chromatography or conventional atomic spectroscopy techniques
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a new phaseunwrapping algorithm based on fringe frequency analysis is presented that will achieve greater automation and precision in measuring complex objects by phasemeasuring profilometry pmp the new algorithm which combines digital weighted filtering in the frequency domain and modulation ordering in the spatial domain can recognize corrupt pixels automatically and produce a better phaseunwrapping path by frequency weighted filtering the analysis of fringe frequency is converted into the analysis of fringe modulation then based on a strong correlation between local spatial frequency and the reliability of phase data ordering of the filtered modulation produces an optimized unwrapping path simulation and experiments verify the new algorithm
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the study of efficacy of rehabilitation and clinicalinstrumental characteristics of coronary failure in patients with ischemic HR disease ihd of high functional classes and moderate dyslipoproteinemia early months and late and years T3 coronary bypass T0
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this study aimed at estimating the extent to which a combination therapy of lowlevel laser therapy lllt with exercise and orthotic support usual care affects PET ability in the patient with plantar fasciitis pf when compared to usual care CT participants with pf were randomly allocated into two CG lllt n and control n all the participants received home exercise program with orthotic support in addition the lllt group received a galliumaluminumarsenide laser with a nm wavelength for ten sessions three times a week functional outcomes were measured by CF subscale of american orthopedic foot and ankle society score aofasf and min walking test including walking speed cadence and activityrelated pain using visual analog scale vasthe scores were recorded at baseline third week and third month T3 the treatment analysis was performed using repeated measures anova and an intention to treat RPA using multiple imputations there was a significant improvement in aofasf total score at weeks in both CG lllt p control p but the improvements were seen only for the lllt group for aofasf total score p and two individual items of aofasf walking distance p and walking surface p at months the CG were comparable with each other for both walking speed and cadence at all assessment times p both groups showed significant reduction in pain over months lllt p control p however the lllt group had lower pain than the control group at months p the combination therapy of lllt with usual care is more ERP to improve functional outcomes and activityrelated pain when compared to usual care CT
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mutation of the p gene is a genetic alteration found in human cancers overexpression of p has been found to induce antibody production in serum and recently the simple PCD of SS antibody has been made possible the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the potential role of serum p antibody in the early diagnosis of superficial CC and in the monitoring of its treatment after endoscopic resection
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a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine neoral has been developed to overcome the problems associated with the poor and VL absorption of the traditional oilbased oral formulation SIM the present study was conducted to compare the safety and tolerability of neoral versus sandimmune in maintenance renal Tx over year and to assess the number of dose adjustments necessary to maintain trough cyclosporine concentrations within the desired therapeutic range methods patients on sandimmune were randomized to be converted to neoral n or remain on SIM n for months
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an educational program designed to NC knowledge in order to change pain management practices and patient outcomes was offered to nurses who provide daytoday care to patients with CA in communities in a predominantly rural state a quasiexperimental timeseries design was used to measure the effectiveness of the program in changing nurse knowledge attitude and behavior and to evaluate the relationships between the outcomes data were collected from nurses n and patient charts before n and after n the program nurses knowledge increased but the change was not statistically significant the mean percent of correct answers on the three subtests were different and differences persisted throughout the T0 nurses believed that patients should be pain free documentation of behaviors for example practice activities occurred infrequently and showed little change until months T3 the program increase in documentation of painintensity ratings pain location number of sites of pain presence of confusion anxious or depressn T3 a week runin period on PL patients males and females with mean age of years sitting dbp or and or mmhg and sbp or mmhg were given manidipine mg once daily two weeks later patients whose dbp was or mmhg or with a reduction in dbp mmhg were administered with manidipine mg once daily followup visits were performed at and weeks after starting manidipine treatment all bp by mercury sphygmomanometer korotkoff i and v and heart rate hr measures were made h T3 dosing adverse events and laboratory data were recorded particular attention was paid to the collection of possible major cardiovascular angina pectoris myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular ira stroke events observed during the treatment period onehundredandfiftyone patients completed the T0 on a mg dose and on a mg dose whereas dropped out lost to followup insufficient therapeutic response adrs other causes significant reductions of bp values were achieved during the manidipine mg treatment period analysis of covariance between doses confirmed a more potent hypotensive effect of manidipine mg as compared to mg on sitting dbp and mean bp and on standing sbp especially in patients with moderate hypertension at the end of year of treatment the success rates defined as sitting dbp or mmhg or a reduction of or mmhg vs baseline were similar in the two CG manidipine mg manidipine mg no clinically relevant NC in hr was observed overall patients in the manidipine mg and in the manidipine mg treated group complained of AEs the most common being ankle oedema HA palpitation and flushing neither cardiovascular nor cerebrovascular events or other serious adverse event were reported in conclusion a significant and constant reduction of bp values was observed with LT treatment with manidipine the reduction in bp was doserelated especially in patients suffering from moderate hypertension AEs were mild and relatively more frequent with the higher manidipine dosage
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we report on the synthesis of optically transparent mesoporous monolithic diamond from periodic mesoporous carbon cmk at a pressure of gpa the phase transformation is already CR at a mild synthesis temperature of degrees c without the need of a catalyst surprisingly the diamond is obtained as a mesoporous material despite the extreme pressure xray diffraction sem transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction highresolution transmission electron microscopy and zcontrast experiments suggest that the mesoporous diamond is composed of interconnected diamond NCs having diameters around nm the brunauer emmett teller SA was determined to be m g according kr sorption data the mesostructure is diminished yet still detectable when the diamond is produced from cmk at degrees c and gpa the temperature dependence of the porosity indicates that the mesoporous diamond exists metastable and withstands transformation into a dense form at a significant rate due to its high kinetic inertness at the mild synthesis temperature the findings point toward ultrahard porous materials with potential as mechanically highly SD membranes
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this concept has been developed since in germany and austria it is of greatest interest with regard to a pedagogical RPA of insulin therapy in type diabetic patients the goal of PET insulin therapy is to separate basal and prandial insulin requirements the patients perform the following exp sessions in order to establish their own insulin requirements h fasting to assess the basic insulin requirement ingestion of test meals containing different amounts of carbohydrates to determine the individual carbohydrateintakeinsulin requirement relationship determination of an individual correction algorithm to decrease an elevated blood glucose level gl it involves patients therapeutic education frequent self monitoring blood glucose to daily controls multiple daily insulin injections this concept has to be adapted to patients desire of self responsibility and autonomy PET insulin therapy improves metabolic control decreases the frequency of mild and severe hypoglycaemia it enhances selfesteem in diabetic patients
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the effect of a fungal metabolite esterastin on lysosomal acid lipase purified from rb CL was studied esterastin inhibited the enzyme activity very strongly ic about nm the inhibition of acid lipase by esterastin was competitive with respect to the ATP and tline was derived from an embryo homozygous for gpia whereas the other was homozygous for the gpib each allele specifies electrophoretically distinguishable isozymes of the cytosolic enzyme glucosephosphate isomerase gpi microtechniques capable of measuring the proportion of each isozyme expressed within small samples of individual MF have been established permitting the comparison of the relative quantitative distributions of the gpi isozyme types along the length of individual chimaera SF from individual mosaic fibers all samples yielded MZ isozyme profiles demonstrating that gpi is not sequestered adjacent to the nucleus directing its synthesis rather it achieves a homogeneous CSD throughout the mosaic syncytium the gpi gene locus encodes only the gpi monomer whereas the functional enzyme detected in our analysis is a dimer that results from the aggregation of monomers in the cytoplasm the quantitative distribution of dimer types within each mosaic fiber was consistent with random aggregation amongst all monomers represented in the final isozyme DP a result requiring that monomers or earlier precursors were mixed in the myofiber cytoplasm prior to assembly of the enzymatically AS dimer thus both the final distribution of enzyme dimers within fibers and the patterns of monomer aggregation suggest that there are no subdivisions related to the spatial separation of the genotypically distinct myonuclei within mosaic MF
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effects of hours of total sleep deprivation tsd by gentle handling and hours of sleep on the waking electroencephalogram eeg activity of WR were studied during the lightson portion of the lightdark cycle under two tsd schedules a tsd hours and sleep hours and b sleep hours and tsd hours eeg was recorded monopolarly from left and RA parietals referred to ipsilateral REF electrodes SA was performed on samples of waking eeg during tsd each minutes and during sleep each T2 after enforced awakening the following significant changes were observed tsd induced a linear increase in the AP of delta hz and the full band hz and produced a decrease in the interparietal rho of theta sleep induced the opposite results theta relative power power in a band expressed as a percentage of total SP between and hz showed a circadian effect it was higher at hours than at and hours T3 both sleep and tsd conditions six hours of tsd were enough to induce significant changes in the waking eeg regardless of position of tsd in the lightson period of the lightdark cycle
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incubation of rat cytochrome b db with rat CL microsomes resulted in specific IB of the hemoprotein the bound hemoprotein was rapidly reduced by nadh the nadh cytochrome c reductase activity in these S9 increased in proportion to the amount of cytochrome in contrast to db which inhibited ndemethylation and the nadh synergism the IB of cytochrome b S9 reconstituted from heme and cob had no effect on either the nadphdependent ndemethylation of aminopyrine or ethylmorphine or the nadh synergism observed with rat liver microsomes in addition manganese protoporphyrinapocytochrome complex when bound to microsomes in amounts equilvalent to db showed no effect on ndemethylation activity these results suggest that homogeneous cytochrome b contains contaminating amounts of tightly bound detergent which presumably is removed during the SE of the heme from the apocytochrome
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previous studies have demonstrated differences of clinical signs and PET BB network organizations between the left and right mesial TLE mtle but the anatomical connectivity differences underlying functional variance between the left and right mtle remain uncharacterized we examined left right mtle patients with HPC sclerosis and healthy controls using DTI T3 the wholebrain anatomical networks were constructed for each subject multivariate pattern analysis was applied to classify the left mtle from the right mtle and extract the anatomical connectivity differences between the left and RA mtle patients the classification results reveal accuracy for the left mtle versus the RA mtle accuracy for the left mtle versus controls and accuracy for the RA mtle versus controls compared with the RA mtle the left mtle exhibited a different connectivity DP in the corticallimbic network and cerebellum the majority of the most discriminating anatomical connections were located within or across the corticallimbic network and cerebellum thereby indicating that these diseaserelated anatomical network alterations may give rise to a portion of the complex of emotional and memory deficit between the left and right mtle moreover the orbitofrontal gyrus cingulate cortex hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus which exhibit high discriminative power in classification may play critical roles in the pathophysiology of mtle the current study demonstrated that anatomical connectivity differences between the left mtle and the RA mtle may have the potential to serve as a neuroimaging biomarker to guide personalized diagnosis of the left and right mtle
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LVI is strongly related to breast CA metastasis however the underlying mechanisms of LVI and its driver molecules in breast CA remain to be defined in this study we explore differential expression of genes in C1 molecularly characterized and clinically annotated datasets of invasive breast CA patients n coupled with histological review and strict definition for lymphovascular invasion status the metabric series was used to identify genes associated with LVI as defined using H&E supplemented by immunohistochemistry at the genomictranscriptomic C2 saccharomyces cerevisiaelike secl was identified as one of the most significant genes associated with lymphovascular invasion the prognostic significance of secl gene copy number and mrna expression was further investigated in the metabric series and externally validated using the breast CA geneexpression miner v protein expression of secl was also assessed using immunohistochemistry in series of early stage breast cancer using tissue microarrays secl gene copy number gain was significantly associated with high HG and poor outcome secl mrna expression showed positive association with higher grade CL node metastasis and poor outcome secl protein overexpression was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion p higher grade p her positivity p and shorter survival p our findings specify secl as an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer its association at both transcriptome and protein expression levels with lymphovascular invasion and outcome could imply an important role in tumor progression a further mechanistic insight into its molecular roles including potential therapeutic utility is warranted
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nanoscale plasmonic phenomena observed in single and bilayers of mo disulfide mos on silicon dioxide sio are reported a scattering type scanning nearfield optical microscope ssnom with a broadband SR sr infrared source was used we also present complementary optical mapping using tunable colaser radiation specifically there is a rho of the topography of welldefined mos islands grown by chemical vapor deposition as determined by atomic force microscopy with the infrared ir signature of mos the influence of mos islands on the sio phonon resonance is discussed the results reveal the plasmonic character of the mos structures and their interaction with the sio phonons leading to an enhancement of the hybridized surface plasmonphonon mode a theoretical analysis shows that in the case of monolayer islands the coupling of the mos optical plasmon mode to the sio surface phonons does not affect the infrared spectrum significantly for twolayer mos the coupling of the extra interplane acoustic plasmon mode with the sio surface transverse phonon leads to a remarkable increase of the surface phonon peak at cm this is in PA with the exp data these results show the capability of the ssnom technique to study local multiple excitations in complex nonhomogeneous structures
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accessory renal arteries are common and may contribute significantly to renal perfusion with the current endovascular design and technology it is possible to preserve accessory renal arteries during endovascular aneurysm repair evar we report two patients with custommade evar devices to preserve accessory renal arteries with good mid and longterm clinical and radiological results conventional evar would have occluded their origins as a result of customized fenestrations in commercially available stentgrafts the patency of C1 accessory renal arteries can be maintained whilst securing a PT seal
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in vitro the rate of protein c activation by thrombin is significantly accelerated by two distinct cofactors a the endothelial cell surface protein TM and b human coagulation FVa we have recently reported that the activity of factor va is contained in the d light chain in this T0 we have investigated the effects of FVa and its light chain on the activation of protein c in the presence of cultured endothelial cells thrombincatalyzed protein c activation on human UV endothelial cells was enhanced by FVa the ability of factor va to stimulate protein c activation on these cells was saturated at nm factor va and was observed at several protein c concentrations isolated FVa CS chain in concentrations up to nm also accelerated protein c activation on endothelial cells but higher concentrations inhibited the reaction the effects of FVa or its light chain on protein c activation were also shown on a mouse hemangioma cell line but not on human fibroblasts nor on a human amelanotic melanoma cell L1 protein c activation on EC cells was partially inhibited by a goat antithrombomodulin antibody and further addition of a polyclonal rb antifactor vva antibody resulted in additional inhibition EC cells grown in medium supplemented with human serum devoid of factor v coagulant activity contained cell surface factor vva approximately moleculescell as measured by the IB of a monoclonal igg directed against factor vva these cells also bound an additional molecules FVa per cell as determined by direct IB studies using ifactor va we suggest that TM and FVa act in concert to regulate protein c activation on the surface of EC cells
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a yearold woman who developed fulminant pulmonary edema several T2 after intravenous administration of radiocontrast media rcm is reported the low pulmonarycapillary wedge pressure and the high protein concentration in pulmonary edema fluid indicated a noncardiogenic pulmonary edema related to increased lung VP laboratory studies showed a slight decrease of several complement components c c and factor b and a transient consumption coagulopathy potential pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in rcm induced pulmonary edema are discussed
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the measurement of e receptor er in human breast CA cytosol is significantly influenced by conditions usually employed in the DCC the incubation time and temperature have an influence on the rate of IB and stability of the receptor since lower temperatures preserve the integrity of the receptor a hr incubation at degrees was selected as the standard incubation procedure these conditions allow for the PCD of at least of the er with S9 from highspeed centrifugation of hbt biopsies or the human breast cancer cell line mcf reducing agents increased the apparent er IB in the order dtt greater than gsh greater than mtg the maximum enhancement of specific er IB by a given thiol agent was dependent on its concentration in the incubation medium the optimum dtt level mm for mcf cell homogenization and cytosol equilibration with 3H e increased er to two times control no dtt for the hbt g supernatant mm dtt was required to optimize the er quantitation the duration of the dextrancoated charcoal SE of the cytosolhe incubation had no effect on the level of er up to hr minimum C2 of nonspecific IB of he could be obtained T3 hr SE maximum depletion of specific he binding could be obtained by adding between and fold molar excess of unlabeled e greater amounts of unlabeled steroid displaced the radioactive e from the dextrancoated charcoal thereby artifactually increasing the apparent nonspecific binding this phenomenon may be overcome by utilizing more dextrancoated charcoal in the extraction however there was a loss of specifically bound he per milligram of dextrancoated charcoal dextran to charcoal by weight when the cytosol protein was below microgram per incubation supplementation with microgram or more albumin per incubation prevented this loss the dextrancharcoal ratio also prevented er loss in the order greater than greater than one milligram of dextrancoated charcoal has the capacity to adsorb to microgram of free e other unlabeled competitors are capable of displacing he on the receptor although des was as effective as e ua and estrone were inefficient competitors it appeared that the C2 of these two estrogen analogues required to maximally displace he on receptor also eluted labeled e from the dextrancoated charcoal des however was unable to displace significant quantities of the h e from dextrancoated charcoal even at a molar excess of
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the current T0 determines the prognostic factors after hepatectomy for HCC carcinomas the patients who underwent hepatectomy from through were included for a univariate and a cox MVA the favoring conditions were determined as follows the essential requirements are the absence of tumor thrombi no intrahepatic metastasis but even when present it should be close to the main RT and removed with a massive resection and retention rate of indocyanine green dye icg at minutes should be within m sd to allow that resection the desired requirement is that the RT size should preferably be less than cm a wider free SM from PT greater than or equal to cm is recommended but not determining factor the eligible patients having no thrombi no IM a tumor size of cm or less negative surgical margin greater than or equal to cm had achieved a year survival of in conclusion resection therapy is the first option for patients with those requirements
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sphincter of oddi dysfunction sod is an obstructive syndrome of the papilla not resulting from a stone it may cause recurrent biliary type pain to cholecystectomized patients sod is caused by sphincter dyskinesia or benign stenosis diagnosis is usually based on PS serum biochemistry endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and SOM the latter is the best means of evaluating sphincter of oddi dynamics however because of the many inconveniences of sphincter of oddi manometry and of its high morbidity rate it is seldom used non invasive techniques such as cholescintigraphy have been developed to replace sphincter of oddi manometry in diagnosing sod patients can be cured by sphincterotomy certain drugs could also be ERP but few controlled studies have been carried out of date
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nitric oxide no derived from the upregulation of inducible no synthase inos is believed to play an important role in organ rejection in experimental models of acute cardiac SPK AAR ie without IS treatment using nos inhibitors to prevent acute rejection have yielded conflicting results this is most likely due to potential inhibition of constitutive nos accordingly agents that trap no directly may have some advantage in the current T0 we evasive aspergillosis in the setting of aplasia following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy obtained during surgery and our PCR reaction pcr test confirmed aspergillus flavus as the fungus responsible this patient had high C2 of circulating galactomannan an antigen secreted by aspergillus sp in SS the elisa test for GM has been developed to improve the diagnosis of IA but presents a false positive rate we suggest that some false positive results might be due to nonrespiratory IA the usual localization of IA our pcr test was also positive in serum in case of positive results in SS with antigen andor pcr tests without respiratory symptoms the intestinal localizations should be investigated
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the primary cause of the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases in unknown microbial infection combined with an increased susceptibility due to genetically determined alterations in the immune system is probably of importance nonspecific processes of inflammation and repair are the immediate causes of the clinical PS and antiinflammatory therapy is at present the corner stone in the control of these diseases the highest priority in research should be given to drugs which in controlled PCTs have demonstrated ability to cause remission of SLEDAI important examples are dpenicillamine glucocorticoids and the cytostatic drugs the effects of these drugs on the metabolism of proteoglycans and collagen in GT and normal connective tissue may explain some of the beneficial effects but also some of the side effects rational pharmacotherapy in the inflammatory RD may be a combination of antiinflammatory drugs with immunotherapy and possibly antimicrobial therapy
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two gnrh isoforms cgnrhi and gnrhii and two gnrh receptor subtypes cgnrhri and cgnrhriii occur in chickens differential roles for these molecules in regulating gonadotrophin secretion or other functions are unclear to investigate this we cloned cgnrhriii from a broiler chicken and compared its stlasias we have investigated the effects of plasma cnp on impaired bone growth in ach mice that specifically overexpress cnp in the liver under the control of human serum amyloid p component promoter or in those treated with a continuous cnp infusion system our results demonstrated that increased plasma cnp from the liver or by iv administration of synthetic cnp rescued the impaired bone growth phenotype of ach mice without significant adverse effects these results indicate that treatment with systemic cnp is a potential therapeutic strategy for skeletal dysplasias including ach in humans
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chronic HE he encounters a NP syndrome arising as a complication to liver dysfunction patients with chronic he display a great variety of neuropsychiatric PS including such mental derangements as adaptational difficulty and deteriorated learning and memory capacity the portacaval shunt pcs in the rat is a widely used model for experimental chronic he in the present study the adaptive capacity of unhabituated pcs rats and SOC rats were studied by measuring two exploratory behaviours locomotion and rearing during or min at four consecutive days or nights with h between sessions the results revealed that pcs and shamoperated control rats showed parallel behavioural outcome over the four sessions in the min trial however at the four consecutive test sessions in the min trials the shamcontrols displayed a continuing decrease in overall activity between sessions whereas the pcs rats evidenced a repeated and SD activity level these results indicate a presence of a longterm habituation deficiency as exhibited by the pcs rats additionally the results indicate that differences in normal openfield motor behaviour between pcs rats and controls may not be found if such tests are conducted repeatedly during nighttime but may emerge when tested repeatedly during daytime the results may also be interpreted as a possible impaired learningmemory capacity in pcs rats however further investigations of how the pcs procedure affects entities of adaptation and learning ability are needed before any conclusions may be drawn since this is the first report of such an impairment in exp chronic he when represented by the pcs rat
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several drugs of abuse including NIC are thought to exert their reinforcing effects through actions on the mesolimbic dopamine system animal and human studies suggest that chronic administration of addictive drugs may lead to impaired dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens we measured d receptor density in sm and nonsmokers using positron emission tomography and the d receptor ligand csch ten of the smokers were scanned twice once T3 overnight abstinence from cigarettes and once while smoking at their usual rate to account for possible acute effects of cigarette smoking on d receptor binding in addition eight control subjects were scanned twice to assess the reproducibility of the method we used compartmental modeling to measure csch binding potential a measure of d receptor density there were no differences in binding between abstinent and nonabstinent scans in smokers or in the two scans in controls however there was a significant reduction in csch binding potential in sm compared to nonsmokers in the striatum most prominently in the VS this suggests that there is a reduction in dopamine d receptor density in the VP striatum of human cigarette smokers relative to nonsmokers which implies that the postsynaptic mesolimbic dopamine system may be chronically underactive in sm either as an antecedent or consequence of addiction to cigarettes such a hypodopaminergic state may play an important role in sustaining nicotineseeking behavior alternatively an inherited reduction in dopamine receptors in the striatum may be associated with an increased risk of addictive behavior
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antistreptococcal esterase an antibody to extracellular esterase produced by GAS ase was evaluated according to hayanos method by using an CA kit on sera of children from two schools one fschool in a nonepidemic state and the other ischool in an epidemic state of group a streptococcal infection out of children of fschool with negative throat cultures for GAS showed a mean serum ase titer of unit and with positive throat cultures for group a streptococci showed a mean serum ase titer of unit followup determinations on serum antibodies to four group a streptococcal antigens were performed on the children from ischool during a period of months T3 an epidemic infection of GAS the initially elevated serum ase titer showed a decreasing trend on subsequent bleedings during the study period as well as antistreptolysin o aso and antideoxyribonuclease b adnb titers however the changing pattern of the antistreptococcal polysaccharide asp titer was different from that of the other three antibodies a positive correlation was observed statistically between ase and aso titers and also between ase and adnb titers the ase tests appear to be useful for serological evidence of a streptococcal infection
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to evaluate the reliability of helical computed tomography ct as sole preoperative diagnostic technique for ABD aortic aneurysms aaa and to compare these results with the surgical findings
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the activation of EC cells is thought to contribute to the host response to infection and to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease it was recently shown that antibody and complement can activate EC cells leading to cleavage and release of heparan sulfate from the cells we show here that PR of heparan sulfate from endothelial cells is mediated by antibody and the C5a and that assembly of the membrane attack complex and lysis of endothelial cells is not necessarily involved these data suggest that the generation of ca in conditions such as autoimmunity and infection in whiality care for this patient population
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the new cell variants were selected in vitro from the lowmalignant syrian hamster embryo cells sthe strain spontaneously transformed in vitro ten cycles of in vitro cocultivation of the parental sthe cells with the normal syrian hamsters peritoneal exudate cells pec resident and lpsactivated pec used as a selecting agents perr peca were performed the susceptibilities of thus selected sthe cell variants as well as parental sthe cells to macrophage cytotoxicity and ho dagame were tested with htdr assays it has been demonstrated that all five sthe cell variants selected in vitro with peca in contrast to the parental sthe cells and three sthe cell SCV selected with the use of pecr were significantly more resistant to homediated cytotoxicity the increased resistance was acquired already T3 the st cycle of the selection procedure in contrast only one sthe cell variant selected with pecr appeared to be semiresistant demonstrated in out of experiments to ho damage after th cycle of in vitro cocultivation
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CD has been used to T0 the behaviour of the cytolytic peptide melittin the intestinal peptide hormone motilin porcine and the NPY galanin porcine in various reversed micellar systems the micellar systems used contained sodium dodecyl sulphate bisethylhexyl sulfosuccinate ndodecyltrimethylammonium chloride or POE lauryl ether various structural changes of the MMP induced either by varying the water content or the surface charge of the reversed micelles could be monitored melittin has in all micellar systems a C1 amount of alphahelix and is almost unaffected by both water content and the surface charge of the reversed micelles motilin on the other hand attains an alphahelical structure at low water content only the surface charges seem to be of importance for the association between motilin and the hydrated reversed micellar surface galanin has the most complicated behaviour with a large dependence on surface charge and with a water content dependence which varies with the SF used stabilization of alphahelical AA structures was only seen in negatively charged reversed micelles these observations indicate a TPS interaction between galanin and surfactant probably of electrostatic nature
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in the news briefing the worlds most prolific scientists jan p arnold l rheingold a crystallographer at the university of delaware was inadvertently left off the list of the top most prolific scientists the institute for scientific information has corrected its list and states that rheingold published articles and other scientific communications between and the end of he should have ranked th on the list
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all known family b dna polymerases contain a conserved region of amino acids kxyg which appears to be correspond to the finger alpha helix o of the klenow fragment of e coli dna polymerase i a family a dna polymerase toward the goal of establishing the evolutionary relationship between the family a and b dna polymerases we have employed SDM to access the PET role of the invariant CAA lysine of the prd dna polymerase we have replaced the lysine with three amino acids histidine asparagine and glutamic acid respectively mutant dna polymerases were overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity our results showed that the modification of the lysine of the prd dna polymerase abolishes the polymerase activity without affecting the to exonuclease activity these results support the proposal that the kxyg motif of the family b dna polymerases may be analogous to the kxyg motif of the family a dna polymerases suggesting that two family dna polymerases share a common ancestor
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the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis caused by PPs pp is poorly understood making it difficult to predict the carcinogenicity of pp to rodents or other species it has been suggested that the carcinogenic potential of individual pp in rodents is correlated with the degree of ppinduced hepatic peroxisome proliferation to evaluate this possible correlation diethylhexylphthalate dehp at and chloroxylidinopyrimidinylthioacetic acid wy at were fed to male f rats for up to days and hepatocytic peroxisome proliferation and dna replication were measured all rats fed wy for days had numerous grossly visible nodules in comparison to none in the livers of dehpfed or control rats despite this difference in the induction of PT both dehp and wy increased the peroxisomal volume density to fold from to days of treatment peroxisomal betaoxidation enzyme activities were increased fold by both dehp and wy T3 days at later time points to days these enzyme MICs were about higher in livers of wy than dehpfed rats dehp or wy increased absolute liver weights to above controls after to days of feeding labeling of hepatocyte nuclei with a single i.t. of 3H thymidine revealed a rapid burst in RDS in both dehp and wyfed rats with a return to control C2 by days additional rats were implanted with day osmotic pumps containing 3H thymidine with this more extended method of labeling a to fold increase in RDS was observed in rats receiving wy for to days as compared to dehpfed rats or controls in conclusion when performed under conditions similar to the tumorigenicity studies the degree of peroxisome proliferation correlated poorly with the relative hepatocarcinogenicity of dehp and wy however a strong rho was observed between the relative hepatocarcinogenicity of dehp and wy and the ability to induce a persistent increase in replicative dna synthesis these data emphasize the possible importance of cell replication in the mechanism of ppinduced hepatocarcinogenesis
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to determine the perceived risk of type diabetes in a sample of healthy middleaged adults and examine the association between perceived risk and modelled riskined in all descendent lepidoptera except the silkmoth which has additional duplications despite extensive CS divergence molecular modelling indicates that all four shx genes have the potential to encode stable homeodomains the four shx genes have distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in early OD of the speckled wood butterfly pararge aegeria with shxc demarcating the future CS of extraembryonic tissue formation via strikingly localised maternal rna in the oocyte all four genes are also expressed in presumptive serosal cells prior to the onset of zen expression lepidopteran shx genes represent an unusual example of hox cluster expansion and integration of novel genes into ancient developmental regulatory networks
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pain is the principal symptom in knee pathologies and reduced muscle strength is a common observation among knee patients however the relationship between knee joint pain and muscle strength remains to be clarified this study aimed at investigating the changes in knee muscle strength following exp knee pain in healthy volunteers and if these changes were associated with the pain intensities in a crossover study healthy subjects were tested on different days using an isokinetic dynamometer maximal muscle strength in knee extension and flexion was measured at angular E/A and degreessecond before during and after exp pain induced by i.v. of hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad on a separate day isotonic saline injections were used as control condition the pain intensity was assessed on a to mm VAS scale knee pain reduced the muscle strength by to compared to the control conditions p in both KE and flexion at all angular E/A the reduction in muscle strength was positively correlated to the PI exp knee pain significantly reduced KE and flexion muscle strength indicating a generalized muscle inhibition augmented by higher pain intensities
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to assess the rate of acute bacterial meningitis abm among children who present with their first complex febrile seizure cfs
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fifteen LL leprosy ll patients undergoing erythema nodosum leprosum enl reactions were compared with stable uncomplicated anergic individuals of the same leprosy background enl patients showed significant antigeninduced leukocyte migration inhibition migration index paralleling the values obtained with a responder tuberculoid leprosy population migration index both phytohemagglutinininduced GA tcell proliferation and more significantly antigeninduced lymphoproliferation were enhanced during the acute phase of the reaction SCA monitored by a costimulant assay showed enhanced antigenstimulated suppression of mitogen responses interestingly the improvement in in vitro tcell responses was not reflected in dermal CR since h delayedtype hypersensitivity responses after intradermal injection of soluble ML antigens continued to be poor T3 subsidence of reactional lesions LMI lymphoproliferation and SCA were reduced to the unresponsive state seen in SD ll patients significantly perturbations of tcell reactivity are detectable in enl reactions indicating the NK but transient emergence of antigeninduced TA in ll
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pteridinic derivatives are important biomolecules considered as biomarkers for several diseases especially in cancer and infectious pathologies a new fluorimetrichplc method for the analysis of nine pteridines in human serum has been reported two analytical columns composed by c porous and fused core particles were assayed and the results compared fused core particle column allows us adequate separation in only one run and in min acid precipitation step of the proteins and cleanup process with an isolute env hydroxylated polystyrenedivinylbenzene copolymer cartridge of the SS samples have been optimized analytes were the clathrate hydration shell a revised version is given here in which a dynamic hydration shell is formed by van der waals vdw attraction as proposed in by jorgensen et al jorgensen wl gao j ravimohan c j phys chem the vdw hydration shell is implicit in theories of hydrophobicity that contain the vdw interaction between hydrocarbon c and water o atoms to test the vdw shell MM against the known hydration energetics of alkanes the energetics should be based on the bennaim standard state solute transfer between fixed positions in the gas and liquid phases then the energetics are proportional to n the number of water molecules correlated with an alkane by vdw attraction given by the simulations of jorgensen et al the energetics show that the decrease in entropy upon hydration is the root cause of hydrophobicity it probably results from extensive ordering of water molecules in the vdw shell the puzzle of how hydrophobic free SE can be proportional to nonpolar surface area when the free SE is unfavorable and the only known interaction the vdw attraction is favorable is resolved by finding that the unfavorable free SE is produced by the vdw shell
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ROS species ros are toxic byproducts generated continuously during seed desiccation storage and germination resulting in seed deterioration and therefore decreased seed longevity the toxicity of ros is due to their indiscriminate reactivity with almost any constituent of the cell such as lipids proteins and dna the damage to the genome induced by ros has been recognized as an important cause of seed deterioration a prominent dna lesion induced by ros is dihydrooxoguanine oxog which can form base pairs with adenine instead of cytosine during dna replication and leads to gcâta transversions in arabidopsis atogg is a dna glycosylaseapurinicapyrimidinic ap lyase that is involved in base excision repair for eliminating oxog from dna in this study the functions of atogg were elaborated the transcript of atogg was detected in seeds and it was strongly upregulated during seed desiccation and imbibition analysis of transformed arabidopsis protoplasts demonstrated that atoggyellow fluorescent protein F0 protein localized to the nucleus overexpression of atogg in arabidopsis enhanced seed resistance to controlled deterioration treatment in addition the content of hydroxydeoxyguanosine oxodg in transgenic seeds was reduced compared to wildtype seeds indicating a dna damagerepair CF of atogg in vivo furthermore transgenic seeds exhibited increased germination ability under abiotic stresses such as methyl viologen nacl mannitol and high temperatures taken together our results demonstrated that overexpression of atogg in arabidopsis enhances seed longevity and abiotic AS tolerance
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the volatile anesthetics are not inert substances but they are metabolised by means of a nonspecific drug metabolizing enzyme system of the CL thus in combined administration of several drugs the knowledge of the metabolic pathways and the influence of the anesthetics on the transforming system is not only theoretically important but represents a conditio sine qua non to the anesthesist as regards the handling of modern anesthetics the occasionally observed CL and kidney injuries indicate a potential formation of toxic metabolites renal damage due to MOF may be caused by f which is released during its biotransformation while in the group of halogenated inhalation anesthetics only chloroform is a true hepatotoxic substance the explanation of the CL damage which is rarely observed after HAL administration is an open question till now for this the investigator must go back to animal experiments where the quantity and SQ of the metabolism differ considerably from one species to the other in men it is widely unknown to what extent the microsomal enzymatic system is influenced by the disease itself andor by the pharmacotherapy therefore great efforts must still be made in order to establish the formation of sideeffects of halogenated inahlation anesthetics and thus to improve their therapeutic safety
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electrical field stimulation was used to activather maintained in the presence or absence of lasparagine asparagine synthetase activity in several variant clones was uniform in thermolability and several kinetic parameters as well as in immunological properties parental jensen rat sarcoma cells contained no detectable immunologically crossreacting material our data suggest that transitions between asparagine dependence and independence in these cells are mediated by SD shifts in mRNA rather than by structural gene mutations
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in the anaesthetized cat lobules i and ii of the cerebellar AL vermis were examined to determine their role in the vestibulospinal and neckvestibulospinal reflexes with respect to the somatotopic representation of afferent inputs from labyrinth neck and tail and the inhibitory influence on vestibulospinal tract vst neurones receiving vestibular and neck afferent inputs after electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve and of neck afferents almost identical responses via mossy MF were evoked in the lobules with the prominent response in lobules i and iia of larsell stimulation of the nerve supplying the dorsal region of the tail induced primarily the mossy fibre response but also the climbing fibre response in lobule ii the most responsive areas to tail and neck afferent stimulation did not overlap each other in the lateral VN antidromically identified vst neurones were recorded extra or intracellularly on the basis of the response DP to contralateral neck afferent stimulation they were classified into groups neurones with excitation n neurones with inhibition n and neurones with no modulation n stimulation of lobules iiia inhibited the activities of vst neurones out of them neurones belonged to the first group they made up of the group twentynine of these neurones ie neurones receiving excitatory inputs from the neck and inhibitory inputs from the lobules received additional excitatory input from the labyrinth although lobules iiia may be regarded as neck area in the anterior lobe vermis from the viewpoint of sensory input they did not exert inhibitory influence only exceptionally on vestibulocollic neurones but predominantly on vst neurones sending their axons to lower thoracic or more caudal segments in the spinal cord it is suggested from these results that lobules iiia have a close relationship with the neck reflex andor interaction of neck and vestibulospinal reflexes being concerned with the postural adjustment of a rather wide area of the body
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the attachment of CPV cpv to different cell lines was quantitated by a fluorescenceactivated MACS CA the viral attachment was observed to both permissive a and nonpermissive st cells but not to nonpermissive mdbk cells the IB of and infectivity for cpv to a cells was reduced upon prior treatment of cells with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase or lectins specific for sialic acid similarly treatment of cells with any of several proteases reduced virus binding however phospholipase treatment had no effect indicating that one or more membrane glycoproteins were involved in virus IB these proteins were characterized with a virus overlay protein blot assay virus bound to a protein with a molecular mass of to kda in membranes prepared from a and st cells and not from mdbk cells the IB to this polypeptide was specific since increasing amounts of unlabeled virions competitively inhibited IB of radiolabeled virions in a dosedependent manner a polypeptide of similar molecular mass was immunoprecipitated from radiolabeled octyl glucoside og extract of a cells using purified virions virionspecific antiserum and protein a the IB to this polypeptide was decreased but not abolished upon prior treatment of the membrane with v cholerae neuraminidase cpv preferentially recognized a polypeptide of similar molecular size in the og extract prepared from the biotinylated basolateral surface of polarized mdck ML hence we propose that the to kda glycoprotein represents a specific attachment molecule for cpv in a cells
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SF siderosis of the central NS sscns is a rare disorder caused by hemosiderin deposits in the subpial layers of the brain and spinal cord due to prolonged or recurrent lowgrade bleeding into the CSF fluid csf CNS system RT could be one of the sources of bleeding some problems exist at present regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sscns in china on account of fewer cases the insufficient awareness of the condition and the lack of LT followup data enough attention has not been paid to etiological diagnosis the speculative high rate of missed diagnoses of sscns indicates a great disparity in the treatment from the worlds T3 level related data of clinical and basic research need to accumulate as soon as possible to promote the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease the progressive neurological deficits are involved in the typical clinical manifestations of sscns with a triad of BL symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss cerebellar ataxia and signs of corticospinal tract dysfunction nevertheless there are few patients with the triad signs at the same time which lead to a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis PCD of this disease was commonly postmortem until the advent of mri with signal and location characteristics which made diagnosis easier siderosis appears as a hypointense rim covering the surface of the cerebellum the brain stem the spinal cord similar to a black pencil line thin on setweighted images thick and conspicuous on getweighted images or on susceptibilityweighted imaging swi the only ERP way of treating the disorder is to identify the source of one and remove it mr examination is useful for seeking a source of one too therefore once SF siderosis is considered lesions of the CNS system must be searched using mri of the brain and spine we report here a yearold male diagnosed of sscns with the CP clinical PS of cerebellar ataxia sensorineural hearing loss and myelopathy tweighed mri showed characteristic marginal hypointensity around the CNS system etiological explorations revealed a C1 conus medullaris cauda equina ependymoma filling the lumbosacral spinal canal a myxopapillary ependymoma mpe confirmed by surgical resection and histopathological examination the related literature was reviewed to ascertain the mechanism of sscns secondary to mpe and to discuss the pathogenesis clinical features diagnosis and treatment of sscns this paper aims to improve the awareness of sscns and diagnostic level and to lay AS on the etiological explorations that is beneficial to the development of exact treatment plan
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two hundred and thirtyfour cerebrospinal fluid csf specimens from different children were analysed for total lactate dehydrogenase ld activity and ld isoenzyme CSD the ld activities were elevated in the csf of patients with meningitis especially with bacterial infections and with CNS system cns leukaemia the csf ld isoenzyme patterns of both groups generally reflected the number and distribution of lymphocytes and PMNL in the csf increases in csf ld levels also occurred in patients with other neurological disorders such as HC raised intracranial pressure and ES however no significant increases in csf ld activity nor abnormality of the isoenzyme CSD were noted in children who had had a nonspecific febrile convulsion
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the hydrolysis of free fatty acids from lipids is a prerequisite for biohydrogenation a process that effectively saturates free fatty acids anaerovibrio lipolyticus s and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens have long been thought to be the major contributors to ruminal lipolysis however propionibacterium avidum and acnes recently have been identified as contributing lipase activity in the rumen in order to further characterize the lipase activity of these bacterial populations each was grown with three different lipid substrates olive oil CO and FS oil because different finishing rations contain varying levels of glycogen a source of free glucose this T0 also documented the effects of glucose on lipolysis p avidum and a lipolyticus s demonstrated the most rapid rates p of lipolysis for cultures grown with olive oil and FS oil respectively a lipolyticus b fibrisolvens and p avidum more effectively hydrolyzed flaxseed oil than olive oil or CO especially in the presence of glucose conversely p acnes hydrolyzed corn oil more readily than olive oil or FS oil afactorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand trail is a promising antitumor therapy however not all RT cells are CS to trail highlighting the need for strategies to overcome trail resistance inhibitor of apoptosis family member survivin is ca in various cancers and blocks AI signaling recently we demonstrated that ym methoxyethylmethyldioxopyrazinylmethyldihydrohnaphthodimidazolium bromide a small molecule inhibitor downregulates not only survivin in gliomas but also myeloid cell one CS mcl and it upregulates proapoptotic noxa C2 because mcl and survivin are critical mediators of resistance to various anticancer therapies we questioned whether ym could sensitize resistant glioma cells to trail to address this hypothesis we combined ym with trail and examined the effects on cell survival and apoptotic signaling trail or ym individually induced minimal killing in highly resistant u and lnz cell lines but combining trail with ym triggered a synergistic proapoptotic response mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of caspases polyadpribose polymerase and bid apoptosis induced by combination treatments was blocked by caspase and pancaspase inhibitors in addition knockdown of mcl by rna interference overcame apoptotic resistance to trail conversely silencing noxa by rna interference reduced the combined effects of ym and trail on apoptosis mechanistically these findings indicate that ym plays a role in counteracting glioma cell resistance to trailinduced apoptosis by downregulating mcl and survivin and amplifying mitochondrial signaling through intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways the significantly enhanced antitumor activity of the combination of ym and trail may have applications for therapy of malignant glioma
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cardiac dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and potential clinical implications have long been known but the pathophysiology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention are still under investigation and are only now becoming understood the pathophysiological changes result in systolic dysfunction diastolic dysfunction and EP changes here we aim to review cirrhotic cardiomyopathy from a cellular and physiological model and how these patients develop overt HR failure in the setting of stress such as infection ascites and procedures including transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt portocaval shunts and orthotopic CL transplantation we will also review the most current although limited available therapeutic modalities
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lyme disease is the most common tickborne illness in north america and europe and lyme arthritis is a frequent latestage manifestation in the united states however lyme ICA has rarely been reported as a postoperative complication
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genes that play key roles in host immunity such as the L1 histocompatibility complex mhc in vertebrates are expected to be major targets of selection it is well known that environmental conditions can have an effect on hostparasite interactions and may thus influence the selection on mhc we analyzed mhc class iià R2 over years in a population of perch perca fluviatilis from the baltic sea that was split into two populations separated from each other one population was subjected to heating from cooling water of a NPP and was isolated from the surrounding environment in an artificial lake while the other population was not subjected to any change in water temperature control the isolated population experienced a change of the allelic composition and a decrease in allelic richness of mhc genes compared to the control population the two most common mhc alleles showed cyclic patterns indicating ongoing parasitehost coevolution in both populations but the alleles that showed a cyclic SMB differed between the two populations no such patterns were observed at alleles from nine microsatellite loci and no genetic differentiation was found between populations we found no indications for a genetic bottleneck in the isolated population during the years additionally differences in parasitism of the current perch populations suggest that a change of the parasite communities has occurred over the isolation period although the evidence in form of indepth knowledge of the NC of the parasite community over time is lacking our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a selective sweep imposed by a change in the parasite community
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we have earlier shown that cobalt chloride coclinduced hypoxia and second messenger bromoadenosine cyclic adenosine monophosphate brcamp stimulates VE growth factor vegf production in leydig tumor cell derived ma cells both stimuli follow common ST pathways including protein kinase a pka extracellular regulated kinase erk and phosphatidyl Ins kinaseakt pikakt pathways in the stimulation of vegf by ma cells in the present T0 we investigated the role of cocl and brcamp on steroid production in ma cells the ma cells were cultured in waymouth mb medium supplemented with heat inactivated HS progesterone was estimated by radioimmunoassay riawe report that brcamp stimulated progesterone production by the ma cells whereas cocl inhibited the same also brcamp stimulated steroidogenic acute regulatory protein star and cytochrome p sidechain cleavage enzyme pscc mrnas expression however cocl had no effect on star mrna cobalt chloride directly inhibited the expression of pscc mrna the decrease in progesterone production could be attributed to three different mechanisms an increase in production of ROS species ros an increase in hifα activity and ultimately a decrease in the level of cytochrome p side chain cleavage cyt pscc hypoxia has an action and mechanism of action similar to that of gonadotropins on vegf production whereas they have a contrasting effect on steroidogenesis this study suggests that hypoxia could be as important as gonadotropins in regulating leydig cell steroidogenesis
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micrornas mirnas dysregulation has been shown to play a critical RII role in papillary thyroid carcinomas ptcs braf mutation is associated with poor clinicopathological outcomes in ptc in order to identify a possible association between dysregulated mirna expression and braf mutation as well as clinicopathological features in chinese patients with ptc we examined the expression levels of five reported dysregulated mirnas mirna mirna mirnab mirna and mirna and determined braf mutation status in patients with ptc and patients with benign thyroid nodules btns the expression levels of all five mirnas were significantly increased in ptc when compared tactor and eotaxin incubation with retinoids did not significantly alter the permeability of caco monolayers i.c.v. of each cell type with retinoids promoted an antiinflammatory cytokine profile with only minimal effect on intestinal epithelial cell permeability consistent with in vivo studies
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marine bacteria secrete exopolysaccharides eps with unique structural and PET properties and serve as a source of newer bioactive biopolymers this T0 reports an eps produced by a marine bacterium identified as alteromonas sp prim for its bioactivities the eps was characterised using standard methods and tested for its bioactivities using in vitro models epsa is an anionic heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of kda and exists as triple helical structure in AQ solution monosaccharide composition is mannuronic acid gl and nacetyl glucosamine repeating units in the ratio the ftir spectra showed the presence of sulphate phosphate and uronic acid residues the thermal analysis showed partial Kd of the epsa at °c and of residues were stable up to °c it showed biocompatibility and induced proliferation and migration of DF hdf and keratinocytes epsa could increase the sphase of Tc the proliferative property of the epsa was established by the increased expression of FB proliferation marker ki also its capability of IB to cell surface it also induced nitric oxide and arginase synthesis in macrophages these findings suggest that epsa can be potentially used as a multifunctional bioactive CP in wound care
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nearly years after the adoption by the government of malawi of the provision of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy iptp for malaria only of pregnant women received at least two doses of sulfadoxinepyrimethamine sp in although several reasons for the low coverage have been suggested few studies have examined the views of HCPs this T0 examined the experiences of the nurses and midwives in providing antenatal care anc services
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