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the att of endometrial epithelial cells eecs and endometrial stromal cells escs to peritoneal mesothelial cells pmcs with and without inhibition of n and olinked glycosylation the viability of eecs and escs and the expression of cd surface density were evaluated inhibition of cd n and olinked glycosylation by using TM andor bgalnac statistically significantly inhibited endometrial cell att to peritoneal mesothelial cells suggesting a role in establishment of early endometriotic lesions
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hexacoordinate lowspin ironii porphyrins are oxidized by molecular oxygen in amine solvents at RT by a process that is acid dependent the visible and nmr spectra of solutions of the iron complexes and the influence of axial ligands upon the rate of oxidation are consistent with an outer sphere mechanism that entails the dissociation of a protonated iron porphyrinoxygen pi complex as the ratelimiting step
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the rhoarhoassociated kinase rock signaling pathway has been known to play a critical role in casensitization of smooth muscle contraction in this study we investigated the role of rock in feline esophageal body smooth muscle contraction induced by electrical field stimulation and exogenous acetylcholine in vitro y rtransaminoethylpyridyl cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride rock inhibitor and TPS antibodies to rock and rock proteins which are two isoforms of rock were used electrical field stimulation induced offcontraction and oncontraction in the presence of ngnitrolarginine methylester originating from the ACh nerve y inhibited both excitatory contractions in a concentrationdependent manner exogenous acetylcholine concentrationdependently induced two types of contractions an initial contraction which occurred immediately after the addition of acetylcholine during short periods and a sustained contraction which sluggishly continued T3 the initial contraction maximal initial and sustained contractions were reached at m acetylcholine y significantly inhibited both acetylcholineinduced contractions in a concentrationdependent manner western blot analysis revealed that acetylcholine maximally increased the level of phosphorylation in the kda regulatory light chain of myosin ii mlc at ser from min to min and then declined T3 min the level changes of mlc phosphorylation during the min paralleled with those of acetylcholineinduced contractions the expression of rock and rock in MF of muscle was increased by acetylcholine more specifically rock continually expressed up to min taken together rock may be involved in neuralevoked and acetylcholineinduced contraction via translocation to the membrane in feline esophageal smooth muscle
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everyday behaviour often depends on the performance of multiple movements executed in a particular order here the impact of task PH on the neural activation patterns of motor behaviour is examined by evaluating unimanual and bimanual actions that are produced in a serial arrangement such that switching between tasks is required cortical dynamics was assessed by means of eeg coherence in the beta frequency band hz results showed that although behavioural performance was not affected switching trials induced increased coherence as compared to control repeat trials this reorganization was dependent on task history and was more pronounced for unimanual than for bimanual tasks overall the data illustrate that neural processing of motor behaviour within a serial arrangement integrates past and present activity and accordingly impacts on neural efficiency
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CC crc is one of the most common cancers as in other CA locations the involvement of human papillomaviruses hpv has been suggested but remains highly debated with wide differences among reported prevalence of hpv infection in crcs
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we present a T0 of the IB SE be curves of rare gas and alkalineearth dimers using an energy functional that includes exact exchange exx and correlation energies within the random phase approximation rpa our results for the equilibrium positions and long range SMB of the potential energy curves show great improvements over those obtained at the density functional theory level within local and semilocal approximations bes are improved as well in the case of rare gas dimers for ar and kr the accuracy of our results is comparable to that of socalled van der waals density functionals although exxrpa yields be curves that agree better with experiment for large separation distances as expected we also discuss shortcomings of the exxrpa perturbative approach and analyze possible sources of error in the description of the PE curve of alkalineearth dimers in particular be exhibiting an unphysical maximum at C1 separations we suggest that the lack of selfconsistency in current exxrpa approaches might be largely responsible for most of the observed shortcomings finally we present a tightbinding RPA to obtain the eigenvalues of the dielectric matrix entering the calculation of the rpa correlation SE that greatly improves the efficiency of exxrpa calculations
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in the last years it has been increasingly clear that kvchannel activity modulates neurotransmitter PR the subcellular localization and composition of potassium channels are crucial to understanding its influence on neurotransmitter release to investigate the role of kv in corticostriatal synapses modulation we combined extracellular recording of populationspike and pharmacological blockage with TPS and nonspecific blockers to identify several families of kv channels we induced PP facilitation ppf and studied the changes in PPR ppr before and after the addition of TPS kv blockers to determine whether particular kv subtypes were located pre or postsynaptically initially the presence of kv channels was tested by exposing brain slices to tetraethylammonium or aminopyridine in both cases we observed a decrease in ppr that was dose dependent further experiments with tityustoxin margatoxin hongotoxin agitoxin dendrotoxin and bdsi toxins all rendered a reduction in ppr in contrast heteropodatoxin and phrixotoxin had no effect our results reveal that corticostriatal presynaptic kv channels have a complex stoichiometry including heterologous combinations kv kv kv and kv isoforms as well as kv but not kv channels the variety of kv channels offers a wide spectrum of possibilities to regulate neurotransmitter release providing finetuning mechanisms to modulate synaptic strength
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the aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of color DS to distinguish GD from DTG patients with GD and patients with diffuse toxic goiter underwent bmode and color DS of the thyroid gland all patients had HT and elevated mtcuptake spectral doppler recordings were obtained at all thyroid arteries representative color flow maps of the thyroid gland were analyzed calculating the percentage area of the thyroid gland occupied by color pixels color pixel density the bmode ultrasound DP was subjectively assessed on a point rating scale in patients with GD the mean PSV velocity psv sd was cms the mean volume flow rate vfr was mlmin and the mean CPD cpd was for patients with diffuse toxic goiter mean psv sd was cms p mean vfr was mlmin p and mean cpd was p cpd and spectral duplex recordings were positively correlated cpdpsv rs cpdvfr rs p no significant differences were observed concerning ri values sensitivity was and specificity for cpd and vfr and and for psv we conclude that CDS can reliably distinguish DTG from graves disease and therefore contributes significantly to the differential diagnosis of HT in diffuse thyroid disease
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electronic cigarettes ecigs are popular alternatives to conventional tobacco cigarettes disposable ecigs are singleuse devices that emit aerosols from a nicotinecontaining solution eliquid by activating a heating coil during puffing however due to lack of regulations and standards it is unclear how product claims are aligning with actual content and performance some analytical methods for characterizing ecigs are still in an exploratory phase
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tli subtraction scintigraphy was performed in patients with clinical symptoms and biochemical measurements suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism nineteen abnormal sites were identified these results were correlated with pth measurements and surgical findings three CS were considered unrelated to the parathyroid PG two corresponding to palpable thyroid nodules and one to muscle uptake of unknown origin one scintigram did not reveal either of two abnormal glands while two others were considered falsely positive in view of surgical failure fourteen CS corresponded to abnormal parathyroid gland at surgery five PG weighing more than mg could be correctly located on the tl scintigraphy prior to the subtraction procedure six PG weighing between and mg were easily localized T3 the subtraction procedure three PG weighing between and mg were correctly localized T3 further manipulation of the subtraction procedure in a patient with parathyroid hyperplasia one gland weighing mg was not located and another was not found upon surgery overall sensitivity was a positive correlation between pth C2 tumor weight and ease of detection on scintigraphy was found this correlation was particularly useful in excluding large abnormal uptake rna from each genetic construct demonstrated equivalent message halflives immunoblot and bioactivity analyses showed the synthetic gene to direct the synthesis of up to times more il than the native cdna CS
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a japanese case of burkitts lymphoma is presented the intraoral and panoramic images showed alveolar bone destruction with an infiltrative border displacement of lower molars root resorption and loss of lamina dura and the follicular SC of a developing tooth similar to descriptions in previous reports computed tomography revealed that a primary lesion occupied the mandible and extended to the muscles of facial expression and to the sublingual and SM spaces another soft tissue mass was evident in the contralateral parapharyngeal space results of a survey of the japanese literature are also presented they indicate differences in the clinical features between japanese cases and african and american cases of burkitts lymphoma
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porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus prrsv is an economically important pathogenic virus in the swine production current vaccines against prrsv do not induce sterile immunity and the virus evolves at a rapid rate with frequent appearances of new strains in this study we screened a library of HP natural product EDC to identify TPS inhibitors of prrsv replication cycle our observations showed that many of the GABA EDC identified have activity on the cellular ion transport mechanisms we identified for the first time four EDC which inhibit the prrsv replication cycle at micro molar concentration or less namely deoxyphorbol phenylacetate acetate ouabain bufalin and valinomycin further we have identified other compounds which can inhibit the prrsv replication at the concentration of μm this T0 provides a basis for further development of pharmacologistimate the sizes of unerupted canines and premolars when used in populations other than the caucasian this T0 was designed to assess the applicability of the two most commonly used methods of mixed dentition analysis and to attempt to derive a more accurate and precise formula to predict the sizes of the unerupted premolars and canines in a sample of indian population
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the first intron of the mts gene a gene which is selectively expressed in M1 cells and in normal cells that are motile was found to be highly rat to the cd delta enhancer PE because of the homology between the cd delta enhancer and the first intron of mts we analysed the first intron of the mts gene to determine whether it functions as a transcriptional RII element highly metastatic csml cells transfected with chloramphenicol AT containing plasmids demonstrated the ability of the mts first intron to CF as a positive regulatory element in vitro footprinting analysis using extracts from csml cells which express mts at low levels of csml cells which express mts at high C2 identified a protected nucleotide element in the first intron of mts regardless of the extract used however in vivo footprinting analysis of the same region identified the protected nucleotide fragment only in the mts intron from csml cells not from csml cells differences in the methylation pattern of the mts gene in csml cells and csml cells are known to exist and may in part be responsible for the mts footprinting differences observed in vivo from the different cells lines
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GCs enhance the rate of maturation of the fetal lung in part by increasing production of surfactant by type ii cells we have examined the effect of in vivo dexamethasone treatment on mrna C2 for the hydrophobic SF protein spb in rat lung and compared the data to similar measurements of spa mrna rats of known gestational and PN ages were injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone mgkg and killed after h spb mrna levels in the lungs were determined by rna blotting using rat spa and spb cdna probes spb mrna levels increased fold when pairs of animals of all ages were examined spb mrna increases in fetuses pairs and postnatal animals pairs were and fold respectively p less than the high C2 of stimulation in fetal lungs were largely due to high increases on gestational days and when the control levels are very low there were no detectable gender differences in the population as a whole tissue in situ hybridization showed that type ii cells as well as some bronchiolar cells responded to dexamethasone treatment throughout life the significance and the reasons for the presence and hormonal responsiveness of spb in the bronchiolar epithelium are intriguing and warrant further investigation
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the performance of the pedibact system the bactalert organon teknika corp durham nc pediatric blood SC bottle was compared with that of a conventional ml supplemented peptone broth tube bectondickinson corp cockeysville md bd system in matched aerobic cultures the tubes of the bd system were visually examined daily for days and were subcultured during the first h of incubation pedibact cultures were mechanically agitated and continuously monitored for growth by the SF-36 of the compliant pairs were positive in both systems were positive in the pedibact system only and were positive in the bd system only one falsenegative culture and falsepositive cultures occurred with the pedibact system while falsenegative cultures and falsepositive cultures occurred with the bd system of clinically significant organisms detected in matched pairs from which a single isolate was recovered were recovered from both systems were recovered from the pedibact system only p and were recovered from the bd system only members of the family enterobacteriaceae p miscellaneous nonfermenters p and candida spp p were isolated more frequently in the pedibact system than in the bd system no significant difference in REC of other organisms was found between the systems the average time to detection for the pedibact system ranged from h for streptococci to h for enterococci while that for the bd system ranged from h for streptococci to h for some nonfermenters the bactalert system is a reliable laborsaving alternative to conventional blood culture methods
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two hundred seventy patients with penetrating CW and thoracic injuries were treated at the metropolitan nashville GA hospital in a year period ending july most were males and the average age was years one hundred thirtyfour injuries were the result of gunshot wounds and patients had sustained shotgun wounds SW were the cause of injury in patients most patients were successfully treated with closed TT twentyfive patients required emergency room thoracotomy and patients were stable enough to be transported to the operating room for thoracotomy and repair of injuries survival in the patients who had emergency room thoracotomy was per cent and percent in patients who had operating room thoracotomy all but one of the patients who died following operating room thoracotomy died within hour of admission when thoracotomy is indicated it frequently must be performed very soon after admission the indications for emergency thoracotomy must be known and recognized early if it is to be an effective procedure
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in this study we examined the development of the upper eyelids to provide a basic understanding of gross anatomical structures and information relative to mechanisms of congenital anomalies in the upper eyelids we studied the upper eyelids by external and histological observation in human embryos and in fetuses from to weeks postfertilization the upper eyelid fold began to develop at stage upper and lower eyelids fused from the lateral cantus at stage and F0 was complete by weeks of development mesenchymal condensations forming the orbital part of the OO oo tarsal plate and the eyelashes and their appendages were first seen at week definite muscle structures of the upper eyelid such as the orbital part of the oo and the levator palpebrae superioris and its aponeurosis and the müllers muscle were observed at and weeks respectively in addition orbital SP arterial arcade and orbital fat pad and tarsal gland tg were apparent at and weeks respectively opening of the palpebral fissure was observed at week in addition we defined the directional orientation between the levator aponeurosis and orbital septum and the growth pattern of the tg our results will be helpful in understanding the normal OD of the upper eyelid and the origins of upper eyelid birth defects
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the aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic position and a persistent low apgar score a score of at and min following birth
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to clarify whether alpha adrenergic receptors contribute to CH we examined alpha adr densities in the right and left ventricles of and weekold spontaneously hypertensive rats shr and wistar kyoto rats wky using hprazosin also we analyzed a pharmacologically distinct AT1 of alpha adrenergic receptors by i.c.v. with CEC the ratio of right ventricular weight to body weight as well as left ventricular weight to body weight was higher in shr than in wky at weeks of age at weeks of age only the left ventricular weight to body weight ratio was higher in shr at weeks of age the right and left ventricular alpha adr densities in shr were greater than those in wky lv vs rv vs fmolmg protein at weeks of age only right ventricular alpha adr density remained higher in shr vs fmolmg protein the percentage of pharmacologically distinct alpha a receptor was higher in the right ventricle of shr than in that of wky at weeks of age vs there were no significant differences in the dissociation constants among the alpha adrenergic receptor assays these findings suggest that an increase in alpha adrenergic receptors might be involved in cardiac hypertrophy in the early phase of hypertension in shr
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in an attempt to understand the mechanisms responsible for the reported marked seasonal increase in prostatic but not EPI weight in t vulpecula a number of parameters were measured in tissues from mature entire males sampled within and outside of the breeding season and from castrates conditions for the measurement of cytosol androgen receptors were also established the weight of both the prostate and the epididymis was significantly elevated in the breeding season but the relative increase in prostate weight was considerably greater the increase in prostatic weight was associated with a decrease in dna g tissue and an increase in protein dna and rna dna ratios each indicative of cellular hypertrophy andor accumulation of secretory product in the epididymis there were no significant seasonal changes in rna dna protein dna or dna g tissue ratios lowcapacity highaffinity IB was demonstrated in the EPI and prostatic cytosols and values for the equilibrium association constants and receptor concentrations were within the range reported for ARs in eutherian species the temperature sensitivity of the IB steroid specificity and slow dissociation in the cold indicated that in both tissues cystosol receptor and not androgenbinding or serumbinding proteins were being measured in prostatic but not epididymal cytosol a low level of progesterone IB was observed and was masked by triamcinolone acetonide when expressed in terms of tissue dna cytosol androgen receptor level in the PO was elevated in the breeding season prostatic tissue showed a low level of alphareductase in vitro which was not influenced by season however both tissues showed a high concentration of alphadihydrotestosterone and in the prostate where seasonal effects were measured the concentration was higher in the breeding season this indicates that although alphadihydrotestosterone is the likely active androgen in the prostate it may be formed elsewhere part of the explanation for the increased growth of the prostate in the breeding season appears to be a NC in receptor concentration coupled with elevated tissue androgen level
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in applying donnans theory of membrane equilibria to systems where the nondiffusible ion is furnished by a weak acid base or ampholyte certain new relations have been derived equations have been deduced which give the ion ratio and the apparent OP as functions of the concentration and ionization constant of the weak electrolyte and of the hydrogen ion concentration in its solution the conditions for maximum values of these two properties have been formulated it is pointed out that the progressive addition of acid to a system containing a nondiffusible weak base should not cause the value of the membrane potential to rise pass through a maximum and fall but should only cause it to diminish it is shown that the theory predicts slight differences in the effect of salts on the ion ratio in such systems the effect increasing with the valence of the cation
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this review describes the basic and clinical pharmacology of sulfonylureas it undertakes a balanced assessment of the advantages and limitations of sulfonylureas and compares the use of various sulfonylureas in different clinical situations the authors suggest pragmatic guidance to facilitate safe and effective use of this class of drugs and thus help make maximal use of this economical therapeutic option in resource challenged settings such as developed nations
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orexin a and b are involved in FF behaviors and recently fibers containing these MMP were found in the rat olfactory bulb these fibers which originate from the lateral and PH and the perifornical area are distributed in the glomerular mitral cell and GC layers orexin receptors are mainly expressed by mitral cells in the present study rtpcr experiments were done to determine orexin receptor expression during the early postnatal life of rats and immunocytochemical experiments were performed to further clarify the structural and ultrastructural localization of orexin receptors in the olfactory bulb furthermore a PET EP RPA examined the action of orexin a on mitral cell excitability and spontaneous activity using in vitro patchclamp techniques rtpcr results show that mrna of the two type receptors type orexin receptors and type orexin receptors are expressed in the olfactory bulb of rat from d to the adult stage at the same ages immunocytochemical data show that orexin receptors are localized in the cell bodies of periglomerular mitraltufted and granule cells immunoreactivity was also demonstrated in mitraltufted cell dendrites arborizing in the glomerulus and mitraltufted and granule cell processes running in the EPL functionally orexin a produced either a direct tetrodotoxininsensitive depolarization in one group of mitral cells or in another group an indirect tetrodotoxinsensitive hyperpolarization both actions were mediated by type orexin receptors because the response was antagonized by sba a selective antagonist mitral cell recordings performed under bicuculline gammaaminobutyric acid gabaa receptor antagonist indicate that the orexininduced indirect hyperpolarization was partly mediated through gabaa receptors because granule cells and periglomerular cells express orexin receptors and are gabaergic cells they could be both involved in this hyperpolarization other mechanisms which could support an indirect hyperpolarization of mitral cells through dopamine interneuron solicitation are proposed our results provide data that should allow us to better understand neural communication and regulation mechanisms between the hypothalamic feeding centers and the olfactory bulb
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introduction we report a case of unilateral NVD edema in a paediatric patient and discuss the concerns involved in diagnosis and management of similar cases materials and methods female aged years was referred to our clinic due to progressive visual loss of the le over a few days her visual acuities va were re le and she had a relative afferent pupillary defect and decreased colour vision in her le and normal and painless eye movements fundoscopy showed a remarkably swollen disc of the le and visual field vf examination revealed enlargement of the blind spot and presence of horizontal inferior papillomacular scotoma neurological examination ct of brain and orbits and blood tests were normal visual evoked potentials revealed an obstacle in the myelin substance before the optic chiasma of the le results the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednoslone for days and with oral methylprednizole for days in progressively diminished daily doses this led to gradual improvement of va colour vision and visual field and resolution of optic disc oedema discussion concerns that have to be taken into account regarding diagnosis and management of similar cases are related to lumbar puncture indications treatment with corticosteroids and appropriate followup
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amyloid is a botanical term that denotes a waxy amorphous eosinophilic material and is used to describe similar pathological findings in humans the deposits in primary systemic amyloidosis are derived from monoclonal SS proteins in PCD which are degraded locally in tissues and deposited in insoluble sheets that damage organs the cause of organ damage in amyloidosis is unclear but most likely due to the direct toxic effects of amyloid PS of the disorder include neuropathy myopathy and cardiac or renal insufficiency there is often multipleorgan involvement congestive HF and nephrotic syndrome are predominant causes of death differential difficulties exist in diagnosing the disorder and FAP directly mimics the disease diagnostic tools include electromyography laboratory testing for CA in SS and urine and histological investigation of appropriate tissue the median survival of patients is years however MP treatment for at least year has resulted in increased survival rates there have also been reports of benefit from highdose chemotherapy followed by IP blood stem cell transplantation without early therapy however the disease has a dismal prognosis and peripheral neuropathy usually persists or worsens despite therapy and improvement in other organs
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we report a yearold man with MEM at years of age he noted speech distubance since his dysarthria did not improve thereafter he was admitted to our hospital on admission he showed mild gynecomastia neurological examination revealed mild decrease in performance iq in waisr mild scanning speech mild left hearing disturbance mild to moderate muscle weakness in PT four extremities mild BL limb ataxia and mild to moderate truncal ataxia while no brisk deep tendon reflex pathological reflex aberrant muscle tonus sensory disturbance retinopathy myoclonus or autonomic disorder was found SS C2 of lactate mgdl normal and Pyr mgdl normal were elevated and serum lactate C2 were markedly elevated mgdl after minute exercise wattsminute csf levels of lactate mgdl normal and Pyr mgdl normal were also elevated head mri showed mild CBF and cerebellar atrophy but hmrs showed no lactate peak moreover muscle biopsy from left biceps muscle showed lots of raggedred SF and he was thus diagnosed as having mitochondrial encephalomyopathy however nt mutation of mitochondria dna was not present next we confirmed gynecomastia by mammography and checked SS levels of estrogens mildly decreased estradiol pgml normal normal estrone pgml normal and mildly increased estriol pgml normal were found while the serum levels of cortisol dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate dheas androstenedione testosterone luteinizing hormone lh and follicle stimulating hormone fsh were all within normal limits since the steroid hormone synthesis system and hypothalamuspituitary system seem to be normal CYP17 that converts estradiol to estriol may be upregulated while aromatase parom is well known to convert androgens to Es in addition alphahydroxylase and parom convert dheas to estriol since it is recently reported that parom is considerably expressed in muscle tissues as well as fat tissues and that muscle tissue may be a major organ to produce estrogens in men and postmenopausal women estriol production may be increased in the present patients muscle although hypogonadism due to hypothalamuspituitary disorders was sometimes reported there have been no reports that suggest an increased estrogen production in skeletal muscles in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies recently estrogen has been known to protect muscle fibers from oxidative damages due to exercise thus it is of potential that estrogens increased locally in muscle tissues of the patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies protect MF from oxidative damage due to mitochondrial dysfunction
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T3 limited proteolysis of the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase component e of azotobacter vinelandii pyruvate dehydrogenase complex pdc a CT domain was obtained which retained the transacetylase AS site and the quaternary structure of e but had lost the lipoylcontaining NT part of the chain and the binding sites for the peripheral components pyruvate dehydrogenase and lipoamide dehydrogenase the cterminus of this domain was determined by treatment with carboxypeptidase y and shown to be identical with the cterminus of e together with the previously determined nterminus and the known CAA sequence of e a molecular mass of kda was calculated from the molecular mass of the native CD kda and the symmetry of the cubic structures observed on electron micrographs a meric structure is concluded instead of the meric structure proposed previously from the effect of DTG hydrochloride on the lightscattering of IN e it was concluded that dissociation occurs in a twostep reaction resulting in particles with an average mass that of the original mass before the nd transition takes place crosslinking experiments with the CD indicated that the multimeric e is built from tetramers and that the tetramers are arranged as a dimer of dimers a model for the quaternary structure of e is given in which it is assumed that the tetrameric e core of pdc is formed from each of the six morphological subunits located at the lateral face of the cube binding of peripheral components to a site that interferes with the cubic assembly causes dissociation resulting in the unique small pdc of a vinelandii
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iliopsoas abscesses originating from bacterial lumbar spondylodiscitis were successfully treated by ctguided percutaneous abscess drainage antibiotics and immobilization in two patients vertebral fusion of the affected segments was observed in both patients in the followup period and years respectively PAD can replace surgery for iliopsoas abscesses following vertebral osteomyelitis
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reconstructive operations for occlusive injuries of the aorta and main arteries are followed by substantial changes in the clinicobiochemical indices the investigation carried out in patients has shown the degree of these changes to depend on the kind of anesthesia the most favourable kind for the group under study was found to be the GA wiantigen receptor on hydroxynitrophenylacetyl np specific Ts cell hybridomas were analyzed three tcell hybrids could be lysed with Id and complement the reactivity pattern observed from a panel of antiidiotypic reagents indicated that npb determinants were detected on all three hybrid lines np conjugates with bovine SS Al or caproic acid specifically inhibited the complementmediated lysis of these cells by both antinpb idiotype and antiij antisera these hapten conjugates failed to block lysis by antithy or antihk antisera on the same target cell populations the data indicate that both ij and igh VL region gene products are intimately involved in the recognition of antigen by Ts cells finally the suppressor cell hybrids produce soluble AF that mediate antigenspecific suppression the characteristics of the cells and their AF indicate that the hybrids correspond to the tsi or firstorder suppressor cells in the suppressor cell pathway
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primary health care in industrialized countries faces major challenges due to demographic changes an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and a shortage of PCPs one RPA to counteract these developments might be to reduce primary care physicians workload supported by the use of health information technology hit and nonphysician practice staff in the us commonwealth fund cwf conducted an international survey of PC physicians which the present secondary descriptive analysis is based on the aim of this analysis was twofold first to explore to what extend german primary care physicians already get support by hit and nonphysician practice staff and second to show possible future perspectives
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of the haemophiliab patients registered at the haemophilia centre in malmö sweden are the sole members of their families to be affected and in of these cases ascendant relatives are available for study detection of the gene defect showed the mutation to be de novo in the proband in of these cases and inherited from a carrier mother in the remaining cases all carrier mothers were shown to have de novo mutations as the patients grandfathers were phenotypically andor haematologically normal and the grandmothers were noncarriers seven restriction fragment length polymorphisms rflps of the factor ix gene were used to determine whether the de novo mutations of the carrier mothers were of PWS or maternal origin in cases the rflp patterns were informative and indicated the mutation to be of paternal origin
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while performing a yeast twohybrid library screen to uncover novel ppainteracting proteins we discovered a TPS interaction between a member of the importin betakaryopherin beta superfamily importin and the a S1 of ppa pr this interaction between importin and the a S1 was confirmed by in vitro pulldown IP and microcystinsepharose chromatography we also found that another family member importin beta interacted specifically with the a subunit of ppa finally we showed that treatment of cells with a concentration of okadaic acid known to inhibit ppa impeded the nuclear localization of an nlscontaining protein these results provide evidence that these importins can exist in a eported recently the induction of androgendependent iodide uptake activity in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line lncap using a prostatespecific antigen psa promoterdirected expression of the sodium iodide symporter nis gene this offers the potential to treat prostate cancer with radioiodine in the current study we examined the regulation of psa promoterdirected nis expression and therapeutic effectiveness of i in lncap cells by alltransretinoic acid atra for this purpose nis mrna and protein expression levels in the nistransfected lncap cell L1 np were examined by RNA and western blot analysis following incubation with atra to m in the presence of m mibolerone mib in addition nis functional activity was measured by iodide uptake CA and in vitro cytotoxicity of i was examined by in vitro clonogenic CA following incubation with atra nis mrna levels in np cells were stimulated fold in a concentrationdependent manner whereas nis protein levels increased fold and iodide accumulation was stimulated fold this stimulatory effect of atra which has been shown to be retinoic acid receptor mediated was CR blocked by the pure androgen receptor antagonist casodex m indicating that it is androgen receptor dependent the selective killing effect of i in np cells was in np cells incubated with m mib this was increased to in np cells treated with atra m plus m mib in conclusion treatment with atra increases nis expression levels and selective killing effect of i in prostate cancer cells stably expressing nis under the control of the psa promoter therefore atra may be used to enhance the therapeutic response to radioiodine in prostate CA cells following psa promoterdirected nis gene delivery
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the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of ertapenem and other antimicrobials against extendedspectrum betalactamase esblproducing enterobacteria isolated from patients urine samples at community healthcare centers in the madrid spain area and to determine the prevalence of esblproducing enterobacteria in communityacquired urinary tract infections the antibiotic susceptibility results were compared by patient age and sex a total of strains were studied the minimum inhibitory concentration mic for each antibiotic was determined using the agar dilution method the tested carbapenems were the antibiotics with the greatest activity ertapenem mic mgl imipenem mic mgl with no intermediate or resistant strains being observed high rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole were observed the global prevalence of esblproducing enterobacteria was prevalence according to areas was in getafe in arguelles in alcala de henares and in mostoles the global prevalence of esblproducing escherichia coli was the analysis of resistance according to patient sex males versus females showed no significant differences the analysis of resistance according to patient age years versus or years showed statistically significant differences more resistance among subjects or years old for cotrimoxazole or ci p and ciprofloxacin or ci p in view of the good activity shown by ertapenem and the continuous increase in the prevalence of esbl strains this antibiotic and some of the others could be a good choice for the treatment of communityacquired urinary tract infections produced by such bacteria in spain
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mnbased catalysts enable high no x conversion in the selective catalytic reduction of no x with nh three catalystproduction methods namely coprecipitation impregnation and solgel were used in this T0 to determine the optimum method and parameters the maximum catalytic activity was found for the catalyst prepared by solgel with a mnti ratio the denitrification efficiency using this catalyst was which was higher than those of catalysts prepared by the two other methods the critical temperature of catalytic activity was k the optimum manganese acetate concentration and weathering time were mol and h respectively the gas hourly space velocity and o concentration were determined to be h and respectively
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five cancer patients undergoing intravenous infusions of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor tnfalpha were evaluated for the effects these infusions had on the priming of circulating neutrophils for hypochlorous acid hocl production these patients were also studied for changes in temperature circulating white blood cell counts blood pressure and spontaneous monocyte interleukin beta il beta and tnf production as predicted by previous in vitro studies patient neutrophils increased their hocl production to unopsonized zymosan from a baseline of nmol i Ox x cells to a peak of nmol i oxidized x cells at h T3 tnf infusion p less than similar increases were also seen at h with phorbol myristic acetate and opsonized zymosan as the stimuli the priming effect could be reproduced in neutrophils from a normal individual by incubating them with the min SS samples from the infused patients the ability of this SS to prime neutrophils was completely blocked by a monoclonal antitnf alphaantibody but not by an antiil beta antibody in addition to the priming of their neutrophils patients also experienced fever marked hypotension and an initial fall followed by rebound to an elevation in circulating white blood cell counts the tnf infusions did not produce detectable circulating il beta nor did they induce significant production of tnf or il beta by circulating blood monocytes these studies confirm the role of tnf in producing the signs of sepsis such as hypotension fever and leukopenia followed by leukocytosisabstract truncated at words
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to compare access to HIV virus hiv care for tuberculosis tb patients in settings with antiretroviral treatment art and tb care under one roof semiintegrated CS and in settings with geographically separately rendered care in tshwane south africa
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electron microscopy was used to T0 structural elements of the vestibular afferent input to the cerebellar nodulus purkinjes cellsterminals of mossy SF and granular cells in the granular layer and parallel fibers and purkinjes cell dendrites in the molecular SL in rats decapitated in hours and days after the day space flight aboard nasa shuttle columbia sts sls mission analysis of the revealed ultrastructural changes on the base of morphofunctional correlations leads to the following conclusions SF induced a prolonged reduction in vestibular input to most of the mossy fiber terminals and nodulus purkinjes cells within the initial hours of recovery the vestibular input to a part of mossy fiber terminals and granular cells was increasing due to elevation of the sensitivity of vestibular receptors in MG regain of the vestibular input to purkinjes cells after SF is hampered by structural as a result of MG effects and also functional developing shortly after SF impediments and in d after landing the vestibular input to purkinjes cells was almost normal the observed reduction in the vestibular input to the nodulus purkinjes cells during and T3 the spaceflight microgravity is presumably the key to the mechanism altering the velocity storage in mammals in MG and on return from SF
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the combination of fluorquinolones and GCs leads to a high risk of tendon rupture especially the AT is at risk we present a report of a yearold woman with a BL achilles tendon rupture following use of levofloxacin and corticosteroids for pneumonia PS of the tendons in patients using glucocorticoids and fluorquinolones should be evaluated the physician should be aware of the high risk of an AT rupture particularly in older patients using this combination
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a method to measure the detectortoobject distance from the images obtained with stationary highspatialresolution gammaray cameras for in vivo studies has been developed it exploits the shift of the imaged object in the image plane obtained at a certain tilt of the parallelhole collimator a linear dependence of the image displacement on the distance to the object has been measured using a highspatialresolution scintillation camera employing an yttriumaluminium perovskite yap scintillator it is shown that the modified yap camera can be used to obtain threedimensional information without moving the camera or the object the method could be applied in scintimammography and radioguided surgery in LS as well as in the analysis of the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals
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intravenous infusions of adrenaline and noradrenaline in doses averaging mugkgmin increased the respiratory minute volume of anaesthetized cats breathing room air the mean increase in respiratory minute volume was during adrenaline infusion and during noradrenaline infusion in a small group of decerebrate cats infusions of adrenaline and noradrenaline increased ventilation by and respectively intravenous catecholamine infusions also increased the respiratory responses of anaesthetized animals to the inhalation of or o in n and to the inhalation of co in air adrenaline and noradrenaline infusions had no significant effect on the ventilation of animals breathing o nor did they significantly alter the respiratory response to the inhalation of co in o T3 section of the carotid sinus and aortic SN a bloodpressure compensator being used to minimize changes in arterial pressure CAs had no effect on the QO2 of cats breathing air an increase in carotid body chemoreceptor discharge accompanied the increase in ventilation during catecholamine infusion intravenous catecholamine infusions still produced an increase in ventilation and carotid body chemoreceptor discharge T3 both aortic nerves and both C2 sympathetic SN had been cut intraarterial infusions into one i.c. of mugkgmin of adrenaline or mugkgmin of noradrenaline led to mean increases in respiratory minute volume of and respectively no increase occurred after section of the corresponding carotid sinus nerve such infusions also evoked an increase in carotid body chemoreceptor discharge it is concluded that the hyperpnoea produced by adrenaline and noradrenaline infusions in the cat is predominantly reflex in origin and is mediated by the arterial chemoreceptors the increase in ventilation produced by adrenaline appears to have a component additional to its effect upon the chemoreceptors though the nature of this action has not been identified
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purification of equilibrative nucleoside transporters has been hampered by the PET instability of the detergentsolubilized proteins a variety of nonionic detergents were compared with octylglucoside the most commonly used detergent in this regard for their abilities to solubilize functionally stable nucleoside transporter proteins from ehrlich cell PMs transporter stability was assessed through the IB of the specific probe hnitrobenzylthioinosine to freshly solubilized and stored h degrees c S9 the most promising detergents were decylmaltoside and cyclohexylbutylmaltoside both of which like octylglucoside solubilized over of the transporters from the membrane decylmaltoside and cyclohexylbutylmaltosidesolubilized transport proteins retained and respectively of their hnitrobenzylthioinosine CBA upon storage compared to about using OG decylmaltoside was also superior to OG in its capacity to solubilize the transporter in a state that retained its high affinity for the transport inhibitors dilazep ki nm vs nm in octylglucoside and dipyridamole ki nm vs microm in octylglucoside reconstitution studies indicated that both the decylmaltoside and cyclohexylbutylmaltosidesolubilized transporters were capable of mediating the uptake of huridine decylmaltoside was superior to cyclohexylbutylmaltoside however in both the enhanced transport activity of the resulting proteoliposomes vi pmolmgs vs pmolmgs respectively and the lower nonmediated uptake observed in the decylmaltosidederived LDV of total uptake at min incubation nevertheless cyclohexylbutylmaltoside may be useful in initial solubilization procedures due to its ability to selectively solubilize the nucleoside transporter from the BPM the rational use of these detergents will enable a more extensive purification of functional nucleoside transporters
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we have characterized the global mRNA patterns of arabidopsis pollen using SAGE sage a total of sage tags were sequenced and unique tags were identified interestingly the number of unique tags in pollen was low compared with the sage library of the leaf constructed on a similar scale the transcript profiles of pollen reflect accurately the characteristics of pollen as a reproductive organ functional classification of the expressed genes reveals that those involved in cellular biogenesis such as PG pectate lyase and pectin methylesterase make up more than of the total transcripts however genes involved in energy and protein synthesis which are prevalent in leaves were expressed at a relatively low level the expression level of the great majority of transcripts was unaffected by cold treatment at degrees c for h whereas pollen tube growth and seed production were substantially reduced interestingly many genes thought to be responsible for cold acclimation such as cor lipid transfer protein and betaamylase that are highly induced in arabidopsis leaves were only expressed at their normal level or weakly induced in the pollen the expression patterns of the coldresponsive transcripts identified by sage were confirmed by microarray analysis our results strongly suggest that poor accumulation of proteins that play a role in stress tolerance may be why arabidopsis pollen is cold CS
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a single chain phospholipase a lcplaii and a homologous protein lacking enzymatic activity lcplhi isolated from the venom of the solomon island sea snake laticauda colubrina were tested for effects on NMT and muscle contractility on chick biventer cervicis and mouse hemidiaphragm S9 lcplaii nm microm blocked indirectly elicited muscle contractions of both preparations low concentrations of lcplaii caused little NC in sensitivity to acetylcholine carbachol and kcl the homologue lcplhi nm microm reduced the responses of the biventer cervicis preparation to indirect stimulation and abolished responses to acetylcholine and carbachol but it did not block kcl responses these effects were due to minor contamination by a postjunctional neurotoxin lcplhi nm nm had no effect on indirectly stimulated hemidiaphragm S9 it is concluded that lcplaii blocks NMT by a prejunctional action and that the homologue lacking phospholipase a activity also lacks NM activity
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flca is a response regulator controlling flocculation and the morphological transformation of azospirillum cells from vegetative to cystlike forms to understand the cellular responses of azospirillum to conditions that cause MT proteins differentially expressed under flocculation conditions in a brasilense sp and its flca knockout mutant were investigated comparison of de protein profiles of wildtype sp and a flca deletion mutant spflcaδ revealed a total of differentially expressed de gel spots with of these spots confidently separated to allow protein ID analysis of these spots by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry lcmsms and mascot DB searching identified proteins ⥠empai in each spot the functional characteristics of these proteins included carbon metabolism betaketothiolase and citrate synthase nitrogen metabolism glutamine synthetase and nitric oxide synthase AS tolerance superoxide dismutase alkyl hydroperoxidase and atpdependent clp protease proteolytic S1 and MT transducer coupling protein the observed differences between sp wildtype and flca strains enhance our understanding of the morphological transformation process and help to explain previous phenotypical observations this work is a step forward in connecting the azospirillum phenome and genome
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a modified anaerobic baffled reactor abr combined with a submerged membrane bioreactor mbr was applied to treat municipal wastewater the performance of this process was examined in terms of the removal of organic matter suspended solids turbidity and nitrogen the raw wastewater was fed to the l abr and then the treated effluent was driven to a l mbr equipped with a submerged hollow fibre UF membrane module the integrated modified abrmbr process resulted in the CR removal of total suspended solids tss and in very high chemical oxygen demand cod removal ± furthermore the recycling of mixed liquor from the mbr to the modified abr resulted in some denitrification occurring in the first compartment of the abr resulting in ± removal of nitrogen by the integrated process the membrane flux was SD and above lm
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medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy is a simple bone procedure to augment tendon transfer in treatment of stage PT tendon dysfunction this osteotomy moves the valgus heel under the weightbearing axis of the leg shifts the achilles IS medially and decreases strain on the spring AL and deltoid ligaments the osteotomy heals within weeks consistently reproducible goodtoexcellent results have been achieved using medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy in conjunction with fhl transfer
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to investigate the clinical features of heart failure in extremely eld dangerous type of dna damage because they can result in the loss of large chromosomal regions in all rat cells dsbs that occur throughout the cell cycle are repaired predominantly by the nonhomologous dna end joining nhej pathway defects in nhej result in sensitivity to IR and the ablation of lymphocytes the nhej pathway utilizes proteins that recognize resect polymerize and ligate the dna ends in a flexible manner this flexibility permits nhej to function on a wide range of dnaend configurations with the resulting repaired dna junctions often containing mutations in this review we discuss the most recent findings regarding the relative involvement of the different nhej proteins in the repair of various dnaend configurations we also discuss the shunting of dnaend repair to the auxiliary pathways of alternative end joining aej or singlestrand annealing ssa and the relevance of these different pathways to human disease
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the wechsler adult intelligence scale was administered serially to severely headinjured adults and the results compared with a matched group of noninjured men the scores on the verbal subtests showed less initial impairment and were faster to recover to the level of the comparison group than were the nonverbal subtest scores verbal iq of the headinjury group approached that of the comparison group within about one year of injury while REC of performance iq continued over about three years
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water content and SG were measured in the cervical high thoracic thoracic and lumbar segments in an exp MM of neoplastic EPI spinal cord compression in rats harboring a thoracolumbar RT increased content of water was observed only in the compressed lumbar cord segments of paralyzed rats p less than a progressive increase in SG values of the compressed segments accompanied the increasing severity of neurological dysfunction p less thcts upon ampsepharose chromatography mda dehydrogenase was separated into two isoforms i and ii isoform i was eluted from the affinity carrier with a m phosphate buffer ph this isoform had a broad substrate specificity towards aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes kinetic studies showed that short and mediumchain aliphatic aldehydes cc were characterized by the lowest km values and the highest vmax values the km values for mda and acetaldehyde were microm and microm respectively isoform ii was eluted with a m phosphate buffer ph containing mm nad was the most AS with medium and longchain aliphatic aldehydes cc and had km values for mda and acetaldehyde equal to microm and microm respectively isoform i was much more CS towards disulfiram inhibition than isoform ii both isoforms had an identical molecular mass kd upon GF it is concluded that mda dehydrogenase isoform i is MZ to mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase having a low km for acetaldehyde whereas isoform ii may be localized in CL cytosol the role of aldehyde dehydrogenases in the metabolism of aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation is discussed
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complications after stroke have been associated with poor outcome modern stroke treatment might reduce the occurrence of complications the aim of this T0 was to investigate whether the frequency and type of complications during the first week after stroke has changed in patients treated in a stroke unit in compared to
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to circumvent carrier related obstacles we developed a biodegradable folate conjugated poly ester amine fppea that mediates high level folate receptor fr mediated endocytosis in vitro as well as in vivo we report the tau of a therapeutic strategy that combines the potency of fppea based on polycaprolactone pcl and low molecular weight polyethylenimine lmwpei with the tumor targeting potential of receptor mediated endocytosis when tested on cells in SC fppea was found to retain high affinity for frpositive cells compared with pea without folate moiety ppea the fr TPS activity of fppea was drastically decreased in the presence of an excess free folic acid and very less significant transfection was detected against frnegative cells fppea showed marked antitumor activity against frpositive human kb PT in nude mice with no evidence of toxicity during and T3 therapy using tam gene furthermore the therapeutic effect occurred in the apparent absence of WL or noticeable RT apoptosis in contrast no significant antitumor activity was observed in ppea treated mice which were co dosed with an excess of fr thus demonstrating the target specific gene delivery furthermore antitumor activity with pea without folic acid moiety ppea proved not to be effective against xenograft mice model with kb cells when administered at the same dose to that of fppea taken together these results indicate that fppea is highly ERP gene carrier capable of producing therapeutic benefit in xenograft mice model without any sign of toxicity
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timeaveraged intracranial pressuretoblood pressure fishertransformed pearson rho prx is used to assess CA and derive optimal cerebral perfusion pressure empirically impaired CBF AR is considered present when prx is positive greater difference between time series median cerebral perfusion pressure and optimal CBF perfusion pressure δcpp is associated with worse outcomes our aims are to better understand the potential strategies for targeting optimal rCBF pressure the relationship between CA and prx and the determinants of greater δcpp
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nitrate n fluxes from tiledrained watersheds have been implicated in water SQ studies of the mississippi river basin but actual non loads from small watersheds during long periods are poorly documented we evaluated discharge and non fluxes passing the outlet of an iowa watershed ha and two of its tiledrained subbasins and ha from mid through the cumulative non load from the catchment was kg ha and and kg ha from the subbasins the outlet had greater total discharge mm and smaller flowweighted mean non concentration mg l than the subbasins while the larger subbasin had greater discharge vs mm and mean non concentration vs mg l than the smaller subbasin concentrations exceeding mg l were common but least frequent at the outlet nitrate n was generally not diluted by C1 flows except during flooding the outlet showed smaller non concentrations at low flows relationships between discharge and non flux showed loglog slopes near for the subbasins and for the outlet considering autocorrelation and measurementerror effects we estimated denitrification of subbasin non fluxes in a hypothetical wetland using published data assuming that temperature and non supply could limit denitrification then about of the non would have been denitrified by a wetland constructed to meet usdaapproved criteria the low efficiency results from the seasonal timing and non content of large flows therefore agricultural and wetland best management practices bmps are needed to achieve water SQ goals in tiledrained watersheds
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a method is described for synchronous collection on agar of similar specimens of airborne bacterial colonyforming units cfu for comparative experiments the system delivers to cfu per specimen with a CV of among the specimens after collection different methods for removing colonies from the agar surface and counting them were employed a progressive increase in colony counts was noted when increasingly destructive procedures were used the increases noted were by wetting by jet lavage by pulsed jet lavage by blending by spreading and by grinding as airborne cfu consist mainly of skin squames with multiple organisms attached disruption of cfu is proposed as the cause of the increases membrane filtration of wash fluid containing cfu from the air resulted in a decrease in colony counts when compared with pourplating destructive processing techniques also resulted in increased variability in colony counts the break up of occasional exceptionally C1 cfu is a probable explanation the procedure described is suitable for investigating the behaviour of airborne microorganisms and can be modified to model surgical wound contamination by replacing the agar with tissue
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the pathophysiology of esophageal injury repair and inflammation in GE refluxdisease gerd is complex whereas most studies have focused on the epithelial response to gerd injury we are interested in the stromal response we hypothesized that subepithelial esophageal myofibroblasts in gerd secrete proinflammatory cytokines in response to injurious agents encountered via epithelial barrier breaches or through dilated epithelial ICS we determined the percentage of myofibroblasts smooth muscle actin smavimentincd in the subepithelial gerd and normal esophageal stroma by immunomorphologic analysis we performed sma coimmunostaining with il and p we established and characterized primary cultures of smavimentincdcd human esophageal myofibroblasts hueso mfs we modeled gerd by treatment with ph acidified media and tolllike receptor tlr ligands lps and highmobility group box protein hmgb and determined myofibroblast cytokine secretion in response to gerd injury we demonstrate that spindleshaped cell myofibroblasts are located near the basement membrane of stratified squamous epithelium in normal esophagus we identify an increase in subepithelial myofibroblasts and activation of proinflammatory pathways in patients with gerd primary cultures of stromal cells obtained from normal esophagus retain myofibroblast morphology and express the acid receptor transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily trpv and tlr hueso mfs stimulated with acid and tlr agonists lps and hmgb increase il and il secretion via trpv and nfb activation our work implicates a role for human subepithelial stromal cells in the pathogenesis of gerdrelated esophageal injury findings of this T0 can be extended to the investigation of epithelialstromal interactions in inflammatory esophageal mucosal disorders
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environmental enrichment can be defined as altering the living environment of captive animals in order to provide them with opportunities to express more of their natural behavioral repertoire the challenge of providing ERP enrichment in laboratory species is to ensure that it allows for normal behavioral opportunities for many animals these behaviors include foraging sheltering exploring nest building and gnawing in the wild many species use wood and bark to satisfy these behaviors thereby maintaining physiological and behavioral health for laboratory animals various wood enrichment products are available that will provide appropriate environmental enrichment and satisfy those same needs
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most HCC carcinomas hccs develop in the context of chronic CL inflammation oxidative AS is thought to play a L1 role in the pathogenesis of hcc development in this study we examined whether coldinducible rnabinding protein cirp controls reactive oxygen species ros accumulation and development of hcc by using mu models of hepatocarcinogenesis and human liver samples cirp expression ros accumulation and cd expression were increased in the CL of tumorharboring mice cirp deficiency reduced production of interleukinβ and interleukin in KCs ros accumulation and cd expression leading to att hepatocarcinogenesis thioacetamide treatment enhanced hepatic expression of cd and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription stat which was prevented by treatment with the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole intriguingly the risk of human hcc recurrence is positively correlated with cirp expression in CL cirp appears to play a critical carcinogenic CF and its expression might be a useful biomarker for hcc risk prediction
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n longitudinal relaxation rates are extensively used for the characterization of protein dynamics however their accurate measurement is hindered by systematic PE n csahn dipolar crosscorrelated relaxation cc and NH proton exchange saturation transfer from water protons are the two main sources of systematic PE in the determination of n r rates through hn hsqcbased experiments cc is usually suppressed through a train of ° proton pulses applied during the VL n EC50 period t which can perturb water magnetization thus cc cancellation is required in such a way as to minimize water saturation effects here we examined the level of water saturation during the t period caused by various types of inversion proton pulses to suppress cc i amideselective iburp ii cosinemodulated iburp iii watergatelike blocks and iv nonselective hard we additionally demonstrate the effect of uncontrolled saturation of aliphatic protons on n r rates in this paper we present an optimized pulse sequence thatfor the irradiationassisted selfignition of the reactive materials and corresponding ignition thresholds for the beam intensities were determined we discovered that relatively short min or less ion irradiations enhance the reactivity of the alni nanomaterials that is significantly decrease the thermal ignition temperatures tig and ignition delay times Ïig we also show that irradiation leads to atomic mixing at the alni interfaces with the formation of an amorphous interlayer in addition to the nucleation of small nm alni crystals within the amorphous regions the amorphous interlayer is thought to enhance the reactivity of the multilayer energetic nanomaterial by increasing the heat of the reaction and by speeding the intermixing of the ni and the al the small alni crystals may also enhance reactivity by facilitating the growth of this alni intermetallic phase in contrast longer irradiations decrease CR with higher ignition temperatures and longer ignition delay times such changes are also associated with growth of the alni intermetallic and decreases in the heat of reaction drawing on this data set we suggest that ion irradiation can be used to finetune the structure and reactivity of energetic nanomaterials
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this T0 tested the hypothesis that mRNA profiling can reveal indicators of subtle injury to the liver induced by a low dose of a substance that does not cause overt toxicity as defined by conventional criteria of toxicology eg abnormal clinical chemistry and histopathology for the purpose of this T0 we defined this low dose as subtoxic ie a dose that elicits effects which are below the PCD of conventional toxicological parameters acetaminophen apap was selected as a model hepatotoxicant because considerable information exists concerning the mechanism of apap hepatotoxicity that can occur following high doses intoxication with apap is the leading cause of ER visits involving acute liver failure within the united states and conventional clinical markers have poor predictive value rats treated with a single dose of or mgkg apap were examined at or h after SE for conventional toxicological parameters and for gene expression alterations patterns of mRNA were found which indicated cellular SE loss as a consequence of apap toxicity elements of these patterns were apparent even after SE to subtoxic doses with increasing dose the magnitude of changes increased and additional members of the same biological pathways were differentially expressed the energy loss suggested by gene expression changes was confirmed at the mgkg dose exposure by measuring atp levels only by ultrastructural examination could any indication of toxicity be identified after SE to a subtoxic dose of apap and that was occasional mitochondrial damage in conclusion this T0 provides evidence that supports the hypothesis that mRNA profiling may be a sensitive means of identifying indicators of potential adverse effects in the absence of the occurrence of overt toxicity
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deltaandrostene beta betadiol has potential estrogenic activity because it is known to bind to receptors and translocate to the nucleus of certain estrogen target tissues its role in the biology of breast cancer is unclear aminoglutethimide plus hydrocortisone medical adrenalectomy has been used to treat PM women with metastatic breast cancer we studied delta androstene beta betadiol metabolism in PM women with breast cancer before and during aminoglutethimideplushydrocortisone therapy utilizing the constant infusion technique the metabolic clearance rate for five subjects was liters hr liters hrsq m before and liters hr liters hrsq m during therapy plasma delta androstene beta betadiol and delta androstene beta betadiol free index decreased despite absence of NC in the metabolic CL increased dehydroepiandrosteronedelta androstene beta betadiol conversion ratios in individual patients suggested an increase in betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity during therapy there were no alterations in the formation of the estrogen precursors testosterone and delta androstenedione
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the pioneering work of simon maddrell established that the rapid postprandial diuresis of the haematophagous insect rhodnius prolixus is controlled by a diuretic hormone and demonstrated the role of the MT in meeting the volumic osmotic and ionic challenges posed by an enormous blood meal a number of diuretic and V2 hormones that control secretion of primary urine by MT have now been identified but little is known of the interplay between these hormones and those that regulate transport processes in the hindgut this review therefore focuses on the control of ionic homeostasis in rhodnius and mosquitoes because primary urine is voided virtually unchanged during the rapid diuresis that follows a blood meal at such times the hindgut has a negligible impact on the volume and composition of the final urine and neurohormones acting on the malpighian tubules have a dominant role in the control of ionic homeostasis
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two series of young patients less than years of age with colorectal carcinoma idiopathic carcinomas and carcinomas complicating ulcerative proctocolitis well matched for age and sex were compared with regard to clinical features tumour morphology and stage and ultimate outcome T3 surgery the cure rate in both series was low although a failure to diagnose colitis carcinoma accurately at an early stage might have contributed to the poor results such a delay could hardly be responsible for the bad prognosis in patients with idiopathic carcinoma the vast majority of the patients in both CG studied had highly malignant andor mucoid adenocarcinoma and surgery was palliative in about of the patients in both series owing to widespread dissemination the GA impression gained from this T0 of factors of histologic grade of malignancy extent of spread and survival rate was that colorectal carcinomas in the young irrespective of being idiopathic or complicating ulcerative colitis run a rapid course and have a gloomy prognosis the outloook depends largely on the biologic characteristics of the tumours concerned the results support previous statements that prophylactic surgery is justified in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis with total involvement of the colon particularly in the young regrettably patients with idiopathic carcinoma will not have this chance
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a total of patients with lumbar disc herniation at the ls disc level who underwent microendoscopic discectomy were examined the nerve root blood flow and EP values were measured during an intraoperative straightlegraising slr test
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a prospective study for the treatment of cerebellar haemorrhage was conducted in a nonselected group of patients all patients with cerebellar haemorrhage arriving at the department of neurosurgery at homburgsaar have been included in this study also those in bad condition with high risk factors and the aged all of them required intensive care respectively intensive supervision the following management protocol has been established i cases with small haemorrhage in good clinical condition without hydrocephalus andor occlusion of the basal cisterns intensive supervision operative MI only if they deteriorate into one of the following CG ii cases with hydrocephaluseven if not yet pronouncedbut without occluded basal cisterns and without major tonsillar herniation pressure monitored ventricular drainage which opens at mm hg and thus prevents higher csf pressure developing iii a cases with C1 haematoma occluded basal cisterns andor tonsillar herniation but without severe GA risk factors as a first step pressure monitored VVI drainage as a second step if they do not improve soon after the normalization of the VVI pressure open surgical evacuation of the haematoma which also decompresses the posterior fossa if present and possible causative vascular malformations may be dealt with at the same session iii b same intracranial situation but patients with severe GA risk AF pressure monitored VVI drainage only iv cases with causative aneurysm or angioma who initially had been treated conservatively or by VVI drainage secondary T0 of the vascular malformation T3 stabilization of the general conditionsabstract truncated at words
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the aim of this T0 was to identify and quantify an unknown peak in the chromatogram of a very complex mixture a straight oil metalworking fluid mwf the fraction that permeated through a thin nitrile polymer membrane had less mineral oil background than the original mwf did at the retention time of the unknown peak thus facilitating ID by total ion current tic gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms the peak proved to be dinoctyl disulfide dod through PR time and mass spectral comparisons quantitation of dod was by extracted ion chromatogram analysis of the dod molecular ion masstocharge ratio mz and of the mz ion for the internal standard ntriacontane linear models of the area ratio y of these two ions versus dod concentration showed a systematic negative bias at low concentrations a common occurrence in analysis the linear model of y from boxcox power transformation versus dod concentration showed negligible bias from the lowest measured standard of mgl to the highest concentration tested at mgl the intercept did not differ statistically from zero the concentration of dod in the mwf was then calculated to be ww by the internal standard method and ww by the method of standard additions these two results were not significantly different at p or the boxcox transformation is therefore recommended when the data for standards are nonlinear
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a new method of simultaneous redox speciation of iron iiiii manganese iiiii and copper iii in CSF fluid csf has been designed for the separation of redox species strong cation exchange chromatography scx with isocratic elution was employed species were detected using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry icpsfms operating at medium resolution the following parameters were optimized analytical column eluent composition and ph csf i.t. volume and dilution factor analytical column dionex ionpac csa rfic mm was found to retain and separate species of interest the most effectively under the isocratic elution with a buffer containing mm ammonium citrate mm pyridinedicarboxylic acid at ph and flow rate of l min
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focal adhesion kinase fak is a nonreceptor IMT kinase whose focal adhesion targeting fat domain interacts with other focal adhesion molecules in integrinmediated signaling localization of activated fak to FAs is indispensable for its function here we describe a solution structure of the fat domain bound to a peptide derived from paxillin a fakbinding partner the fat domain is composed of four helices that form a rightturn elongated bundle the globular fold is mainly maintained by hydrophobic interactions the bound peptide further stabilizes the structure certain signaling events such as phosphorylation and molecule interplay may induce opening of the helix bundle such conformational NC is proposed to precede departure of fak from focal adhesions which starts focal adhesion turnover
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bos is the pulmonary manifestation of cgvhd postallogeneic hsct survival and treatment of this often fatal complication have not improved over the last years and there is no clear SOC for the past years bos was treated in our center with monthly cycles of hdps we reviewed the outcomes of patients with posthsct bos who met the diagnostic criteria for bos as per the nih consensus and were treated with at least one cycle of methylprednisolone at a dose of mgkgdà d we collected demographic and clinical data responses to treatment and results of pulmonary function tests at several time points between january and january patients were treated with hdps for posthsct bos five patients had a good response to treatment four patients stabilized with moderate lung disease and three patients progressed to endstage disease no significant acute side effects attributable to the hdps treatment were identified hdps may be an ERP treatment option for all but the most severely ill patients with posthsct bos
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virtually all the GCs in the nodose ganglion in hamsters underwent rapid degeneration following an intraneural injection of rca into the VN in the C2 region the earliest signs of neuronal degeneration were evident in animals which survived days T3 the ricin application a remarkable feature was the appearance of a variable number of granular dense bodies measuring microns in diameter in the cytoplasm they were composed of closely stacked cisternae which were continuous at the periphery with those of the RER associated with the membranous cisternae were C1 accumulations of glycogen with longer survival time these glycogenmembrane complexes appeared to disintegrate numerous vacuoles and NFs accumulated in their vicinity satellite cells were activated between the th and th PODs these penetrated deeply into the degenerating neurons dividing them into numerous fragments by their extensive cytoplasmic prolongations the cytoplasmic fragments of the rcapoisoned SN eventually became necrotic and disintegrated in the satellite cells suggesting a rapid mode of neuronophagia the biosynthesis of acetylcholinesterase was inhibited by the ricin injected as shown by the drastic reduction of the enzyme activity in the RER and NE some isolated GCs apparently survived the rca i.t. as shown by their occurrence in long surviving animals days a few of them displayed an enhanced density of their cytoplasm and neurites it is postulated that this was induced by the rca released from the rcapoisoned SN
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although mnemonics are commonly used in medical education there are few data on their effectiveness a rct was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a new aide memoire emdaide would be superior to the conventional hsts mnemonic in facilitating recall of causes of electromechanical dissociation emd among house officers
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amyloid fibrillar aggregates of proteins or MMP are involved in the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and represent a major problem in healthcare short regions in the protein trigger this aggregation it is important to understand the basis of such short regions aggregation and amyloidosis for therapeutic MI in this T0 we describe TPS physicochemical properties of amyloidogenic segments and compare them with nonamyloidogenic segments first amyloidogenic segments are characterized by lower values for average net charge electrostatic potential solvent accessible surface area and bfactor when compared to the nonamyloidogenic segments of the same proteins second they are enriched in hydrophobic residues and have a tendency to form hydrogen bonds thus amyloidogenic segments have distinct physicochemical properties that are different from those of nonamyloidogenic segments third and quite unexpectedly our dynamic simulation studies support the hypothesis that amyloidogenic segments have lower average flexibility than nonamyloidogenic segments furthermore the presence of amyloidogenic segments in disordered proteins does not contradict the observation that amyloidogenic segments are less flexible
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the rational design of ligands for the substratebinding site of a homologymodelled trypanothione reductase tr was performed peptides were designed to be selective for tr over human glutathione reductase gr the design process capitalized on the proposed differences between the activesites of tr and human gr subsequently confirmed by the tr crystal structure enzyme kinetics confirmed that fort cruzi tr benzoylleuargargÃnaphthylamide was an inhibitor ki µm linearly competitive with the native substrate trypanothione disulphide and did not inhibit glutathione reductase
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heat stroke is a condition caused by an excessive increase in body temperature in a relatively short period of time and is clinically characterized by CNS system dysfunction including delirium seizures coma and severe hyperthermia in this context the resulting fulminant hepatic failure makes liver SPK the best choice when there are no guarantees of better results with conservative treatment we present our experience in this case possible alternative choices and the current role of CL transplantation in the resolution of FLF due to HS case report we report the case of a yearold man with a history of malabsorption syndrome and unconfirmed celiac disease controlled with a glutenfree diet who while working on a typical summer midday in southern spain approximately °c abruptly presented with loss of consciousness coma and a temperature of °c as well as seizures at the initial medical assessment that subsided after the administration of diazepam on the third day the patient presented with MODS requiring mechanical ventilation hemodialysis and inotropic support he did not improve with the support of CT therefore it was decided to perform an urgent CL transplant T3 which he recovered completely conclusions liver transplantation should be a main choice of treatment for cases in which despite intensive medical treatment there is still clinical and analytical evidence of massive andor irreversible hepatocellular damage
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combined oral contraceptives formulated to include estradiol e have recently become available for the indication of pregnancy prevention a combined EV and dienogest pill evdng designed to be po using an estrogen stepdown and a progestin stepup regimen over days of AS treatment followed by days of PL day regimen has also undergone research to assess the potential for additional noncontraceptive benefits randomized placebocontrolled studies have demonstrated that evdng is an effective treatment for HMB a reduction in median menstrual blood loss approaching occurs after months of treatment to date evdng is the only oral contraceptive approved for this indication comparator studies have also demonstrated a reduction in hormone withdrawalassociated PS in users of evdng compared with a conventional day regimen of ethinylestradiollevonorgestrel other potential noncontraceptive benefits associated with evdng like improvement in dysmenorrhea sexual CF and quality of life are comparable with those associated with other combined oral contraceptives and are discussed further in this review
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investigating the neural generators of AEP steadystate responses assrs ie auditory evoked brain responses with a wide range of screening and diagnostic applications has been the focus of various studies for many years most of these studies employed a priori assumptions regarding the number and location of neural generators the aim of this T0 is to reconstruct assr sources with minimal assumptions in order to gain indepth insight into the number and location of BB regions that are activated in response to low as well as highfrequency acoustically AM signals in order to reconstruct assr sources we applied ICA with subsequent equivalent dipole modeling to singlesubject eeg data young adults years of age these data were based on WN stimuli amplitude modulated at or hz the independent components that exhibited a significant assr were clustered among all participants by means of a probabilistic clustering method based on a gaussian mixture MM results suggest that a widely distributed network of sources located in cortical as well as subcortical regions is AS in response to and hz AM noises some of these sources are located beyond the central auditory pathway comparison of BB sources in response to different modulation frequencies suggested that the identified brain sources in the BS the left and the RA auditory SC show a higher responsiveness to hz than to the other modulation frequencies
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the extent and rate of left ventricular wall thickening during systole has previously been shown to be a useful measure of regional VF and to play an important role in the ejection of blood from the left ventricle the relation among systolic wall thickening the directional components of contraction ejection fraction and force velocity measurements is therefore of interest in understanding the dynamics of contraction of the intact ventricle this report describes a theoretical basis and method for using ventricular angiograms to quantify the separate contributions of longitudinal shortening circumferential shortening and SWT to overall VVI performance in man one hundred twentytwo patients with valvular coronary or myocardial HR disease were studied with biplane angiocardiography during diagnostic cardiac catheterizations the percent contribution of directional components to total work or power developed by a midwall equatorial element of myocardium was shown to be longitudinal percent in normal and diseased ventricles circumferential percent in normal increasing to percent in dilated ventricles p less than wall thickening percent in normal decreasing to percent in dilated ventricles p less than thus left ventricular contraction which is expressed as SWT quantified separately from inward wall MSD due to midwall circumferential shortening accounts for nearly half of segmental left ventricular work and power the rate and extent of ventricular wall thickening correlated closely with ejection fraction r and respectively and with velocity of circumferential shortening r and respectively previous models of ventricular and myocardial mechanics that include computations of midwall longitudinal and circumferential AS and strain do not appear to account for the large contribution of SWT to the performance of the intact HR forcevelocity relations as heretofore described may therefore be partial descriptors of myocardial CF in the IN IVT
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the efficient conversion of ammonia a potent neurotoxin into nontoxic metabolites was an essential adaptation that allowed animals to move from the aquatic to terrestrial biosphere the urea cycle converts ammonia into urea in mammals amphibians turtles snails worms and many aquatic animals and requires NAG nag an essential allosteric activator of carbamylphosphate synthetase i cpsi in mammals and amphibians and carbamylphosphate synthetase iii cpsiii in fish and invertebrates nagdependent cpsi and cpsiii catalyze the formation of carbamylphosphate in the first and rate limiting step of ureagenesis nag is produced enzymatically by NAG synthase nags which is also found in bacteria and plants as the first enzyme of arginine biosynthesis arginine is an allosteric inhibitor of microbial and plant nags and allosteric activator of mammalian nags
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the linear dichroism ld spectra of the cphycocyanin cpc trimer disks oriented in PVA films pva at RT and at k were determined utilizing the known atomic coordinates of the chromophores schirmer t bode w and huber r j mol biol and theoretical estimates of the orientations of the transition dipole moments relative to the molecular FR the ld spectra were simulated using the pairwise exciton interaction MM of sauer and scheer biochim biophys acta in this model the alpha and beta transition moments are coupled by an exciton mechanism while the beta chromophore remains uncoupled linear dichroism spectra calculated using this exciton model as well as an uncoupled chromophore molecular model were compared with exp ld spectra satisfactory qualitative PA can be obtained in both the exciton and molecular models using somewhat different relative values of the theoretically estimated magnitudes of the beta oscillator strength because the relative contributions of each of the chromophores and thus exciton components to the overall absorption of the cpc trimer are not known exactly it is difficult to differentiate successfully between the molecular and exciton models at this time the linear dichroism spectra of pc dodecamers derived from phycobilisomes of nostoc sp oriented in stretched pva films closely resemble those of the cpc trimers from mastigocladus laminosus suggesting that the PC chromophores are oriented in a similar manner in both cases and that neither linker polypeptides nor the state of aggregation have a significant influence on these orientations and linear dichroism spectra the ld spectra of oriented phycocyanins in stretched pva films at low temperatures k appear to be of similar quality and magnitude as the ld spectra of single cpc crystals schirmer t and vincent mg biochim biophys acta
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monitoring groundwater benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylene btex concentrations is the typical method to assess monitored natural attenuation mna and bioremediation as corrective actions at gasolinecontaminated sites conclusive demonstration of bioremediation however relies on converging lines of chemical and biological evidence to support a decision in this study realtime pcr quantification of aromatic oxygenase genes was used to evaluate the feasibility of mna at two gasolineimpacted sites PH hydroxylase phe ringhydroxylating toluene monooxygenase rmo naphthalene dioxygenase nah toluene monooxygenase tol toluene dioxygenase tod and BP dioxygenase bph genes were routinely detected in bteximpacted wells aromatic oxygenase genes were not detected in sentinel wells outside the plume indicating that elevated C2 of oxygenase genes corresponded to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination total aromatic oxygenase gene copy numbers detected in impacted wells were on the order of copies l phe rmo nah tod and bph gene copies positively correlated to total btex concentration mannkendall analysis of benzene concentrations was used to evaluate the status of the dissolved btex plume the combination of trend analysis of contaminant concentrations with quantification of aromatic oxygenase genes was used to assess the feasibility of mna as corrective measures at both CS
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the most serious catheterrelated infections such as septicaemia are associated with the central A-V catheters rather than the IP catheters the main sources of microorganisms are the patients skin and hospital environment bacteria can gain access to blood via the external or the internal catheter surfaces a number of approaches for the prevention of sepsis associated with catheters have been proposed with limited success beside the careful aseptic techniques the OD of antibacterial polymers offers the greatest potential for further reduction of risk of catheterrelated sepsis however there is evidence suggesting that an appropriate training of staff in the management and care of catheters is fundamental to achieve a reduction in the incidence of catheterrelated infections
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the current goldstandard potency test for inactivated influenza vaccines is the single radial immunodiffusion srd CA a number of alternative potency tests for inactivated influenza vaccines have been proposed in recent years evaluation of these new potency tests commonly involves comparison with srd in order to ascertain that the new method obtains values that correlate with those measured by the standard potency test here we extended comparison of two methods RP-HPLC and sdspage with srd by assessing the methods capacity to detect loss of potency induced by various deliberate treatments of vaccine samples we demonstrate that neither of these methods detected the loss of potency observed by srd importantly neither sdspage nor reversephase hplc reflected results from mouse experiments that showed decreased immunogenicity and protection in vivo these results emphasise the importance of assessing the stabilityindicating nature ie the ability to measure loss of vaccine potency of any potential new potency assay
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the quality of chicken meat which is one of the most widely consumed meats in the world has been the subject of research and studies for many years there are several ways to improve the SQ of this type of meat including changing the concentrations of individual molecular components such important components of meat are inter alia cholesterol VE and some fatty acids such as Ï and Ï manipulation of ingredient C2 may be achieved by enriching chicken feed with elements of different types such as vegetable oils garlic or Se thus far various PSA and biophysical methods have been used to study quality of different meat types especially broiler meat here the authors demonstrate the use of highresolution timeofflight SIMS tofsims mass spectrometry to assess how variations in animal nutrition affect concentrations of specific lipids in the meat such as cholesterol and vitamin e in the presented experiment there were four different dietary treatments feed for animals in the G1 was supplemented with soy oil in the second CG feed was supplemented with LO in a combination of these two oils in the proportion of was used for the third group and in the RG animals were fed with beef tallow from each group four individuals were selected for further analysis positive and negative ion mass spectra were generated from the pectoralis superficialis muscle tissue of the left carcass side of each one animal using tofsims with a bismuth cluster ion source bi and based on characteristic peaks for cholesterol in the positive mode and vitamin e in the negative mode the authors have illustrated the relationship of these lipids levels to the various feeding regimens simultaneously the authors characterized the varying dependences on the concentrations of measured lipids in fat and MF the cholesterol concentration in muscle SF was the lowest in the group fed with soybean oil and the highest in REF group iv tallow feed in the fatty region the highest level of cholesterol was found in the third group the highest concentrations of VE were found in the fibers of the first group and the fat region of the second group the obtained results show that sims imaging is a useful approach for assessing changes in lipid concentrations in the meat tissue from animals on different diets ananimal experiments have demonstrated that caffeine given topically or orally to certain exp animal models has significant GABA effect on cataract formation the present studies were undertaken to examine if there is a correlation between coffee drinking and incidence of cataract blindness in human beings that has been found to be the case incidence of cataract blindness was found to be significantly lower in CG consuming higher amounts of coffee in comparison to the groups with lower coffee NI mechanistically the caffeine effect could be multifactorial involving its antioxidant as well as its bioenergetic effects on the lens
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the appropriate use of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen cea levels in the management of patients with colorectal CA has been debated over the last years it is clear from the very low sensitivity of this test in normal populations that there is no role for cea assessment as a screening tool for CC although in patients receiving chemotherapy for M1 CC elevations of cea generally indicate disease progression while decreases are indicative of improvement there is no convincing evidence that cea monitoring significantly affects either survival or quality of life the area of most interest for cea monitoring has been the potential for its use after R0 the purpose of postoperative cea monitoring would be to detect recurrence of cancer at an early surgically curable stage there is good evidence that routine cea monitoring postresection of CC detects M1 disease on average months before routine followup DUE without cea monitoring detects recurrence also studies demonstrate that some patients with recurrent CA detected by cea monitoring may be cured by surgical resection of metastases however the overall costeffectiveness of this approach is not clear and convincing definition of the role of postoperative cea monitoring awaits the results of C1 randomized clinical trials
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thirtyfive infants with hypernatremic diarrheal dehydration were given slow oral rehydration therapy with deficits replaced over a period of hours a group of infants received glucoseelectrolyte solution for hours followed by plain water for hours in a volume of other infants received equivalent volumes of glucoseelectrolyte solution CT over hours SS sodium concentrations fell to normal at similar rates in both CG none of the infants manifested convulsions these preliminary results indicate that further evaluation of slow oral rehydration in infants with hypernatremic dehydration should be considered
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emerging evidence indicates that the phosphatidylinositol kinase pikakt pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of graves orbitopathy go in this study the therapeutic effects of idelalisib a selective pikδ inhibitor on adipogenesis were evaluated in go orbital fibroblasts in vitro
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it is generally recognized that the partition between plasma and blood cells the immediate centrifugation of blood samples after collection for the measurement of true in vivo concentrations and free drug Cmax are important determinants of the pharmacokinetics andor pharmacodynamics of drugs therefore the stability blood partition between plasma and blood cells and factors influencing the binding of IP to human SS Al hsa using an equilibrium dialysis technique were evaluated ipriflavone was unstable in rat liver homogenate and various ph solutions ranging from to except ph rat blood and plasma and human plasma when incubated in a waterbath shaker for h kept at degrees c and at a rate of oscillationsmin the recoveries of spiked amounts of ipriflavone at h ph solutions ranging from to were and respectively IP was very unstable in ph solution only of IP was recovered T3 min incubation IP was SD for up to h incubation in human gastric juices IP reached equilibrium fast within s of being mixed manually between plasma and blood cells and the equilibrium plasmablood cells partition ratios were independent of the initial rabbit blood concentrations of IP and microgml the values were in the range of the IB of ipriflavone to hsa was at ipriflavone concentrations ranging from to microgml but it was dependent on hsa concentrations incubation temperature and degrees c the buffer phs and and addition of salicylic acid microgml and sulphisoxazole microgml however the binding was independent of buffers containing various concentrations of chloride ion gl and AGP and heparin uml and addition of its metabolites m and m microgml
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it has been suggested that neuropeptide y npy is involved in the pathophysiology of depression plasma peptiderich fraction from patients with MD and control subjects was eluted with high performance liquid chromatography hplc followed by radioimmunoassay of npy the screening patterns of the npylike immunoreactivity in fractions eluted by hplc from the plasma peptiderich fraction were different between the two groups the values of npy in the controls and the patients were and fmolml plasma p respectively these results suggest that impaired metabolism of plasma npy and the reduced plasma npy in patients with L1 depressive disorder could be involved in the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of L1 depressive disorder
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the present T0 intended to evaluate the usefulness of immunoblot analysis of HCF hcf for diagnostic verification of human cystic echinococcosis ce hcf of camel origin was resolved by sdspage gel PACE and transblotted on nitrocellulose membrane immunoglobulin g igg subclassspecific antibody responses in sera from surgically confirmed ce cases persons with other parasitic infections and normal controls were analyzed total igg and igg subclass in ce sera preferentially recognized several polypeptide bands in the range of kda the most predominant band recognized by total igg antibodies was at kda sensitivity specificity j index by igg at kda sensitivity specificity j index and by igg at kda sensitivity specificity j index sera from the NCs did not recognize any of these polypeptides these data suggest that PCD of any of these polypeptides bands could be used for confirmation of human cystic echinococcosis in egypt
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some factors related to diet such as trans fatty acids tfa are known to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in humans thus the aim of our T0 was i to evaluate the effects of three dietary free fatty acids ffa elaidic ea OA oa and palmitic acid pa on u THP-1 and ii to study the eventual benefits of bezafibrate bzf a panagonist for ppar isoforms α γ and δ in u cells treated with ffa morphologic and functional changes were investigated by microscopic and flow cytometric methods cellular lipid content lipid droplets and fa composition were identified and studied all analyses were also realized in association with or without bzf contrary to oa and pa ea slightly induced both propidium iodidepositive cells and mitochondrial depolarization in addition in contrast to oa and pa ea induced only a slight increase in superoxide anion production however ea and oa promoted cytoplasmic lipid droplets accumulation only ea and oa significantly increased cd expression it is noteworthy that bzf had a more or less pronounced protective effect against ea oa and painduced SE bzf attenuated the impaired cell viability and inflammatory response decreased superoxide anion production and prevented the accumulation of neutral and polar lipids the effects were less pronounced with oa and pa than with ea altogether our data revealed a benefit of bzf on the SE induced especially with ea it may thus be of interest in preventing the early stages of AS plaque formation
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previous retrospective studies have not identified global psychosocial consequences of weight cycling these lack of findings may be due to limitations associated with retrospective research or with using general psychological measures rather than weightspecific measures this prospective T0 examined changes in a weightspecific measure eating SE using an obese clinical population who returned to a multidisciplinary weight management program subsequent to weight regain subjects did not demonstrate any change in eating SE despite experiencing WL and then weight regain individuals returning for treatment may be a select population thus suggesting that there may not be negative psychological effects of weight cycling for all individuals implications for further research are discussed
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infection with adenoassociated virus type aav reduced the number of mutants arising in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus of human rd cells after infection with herpes simplex virus type hsv partially inactivated or nitroquinolineoxide nqo the mutation frequency was reduced by aav infection from to after mutation with hsv and from to when mutation was induced by nqo this was analyzed by determination of the number of cells resistant to azaguanine when infected with aav prior to induction of mutations with hsv or nqo
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bone is a dynamic organ constantly remodeled to support calcium homeostasis and structural needs the OCL is the cell responsible for removing both the organic and inorganic components of bone it is derived from hematopoietic progenitors in the macrophage lineage and differentiates in response to the RT necrosis factor family cytokine receptor activator of nf kappa b ligand alpha v beta Int mediates cell adhesion necessary for polarization and formation of an isolated acidified resorptive microenvironment defects in osteoclast function whether genetic or iatrogenic may increase bone mass but lead to poor bone quality and a high fracture risk pathological stimulation of OCL formation and resorption occurs in postmenopausal osteoporosis IA and metastasis of tumors to bone in these diseases OCL activity causes BL that leads to pain deformity and fracture thus osteoclasts are critical for normal bone CF but their activity must be controlled
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we have developed methods to use anticyclin a b and e antibodies as reagents to specifically detect proliferating cells in specific phases of the Tc in formalinfixed paraffinembedded sections of tissues and cells staining of archival cases of breast cancer showed that these antibodies estimate the RT proliferation fraction and therefore are potentially useful for the prediction of prognosis a subset of cancers had a high frequency of RT cells expressing cyclins a and e out of proportion to other proliferation markers suggesting that these PT may have deregulated cyclin expression in addition to recognizing authentic cyclin e in the nucleus of proliferating cells anticyclin e antibody crossreacted with a cytoplasmic protein in nonproliferating EC cells this crossreaction allows this CS grew under anaerobic conditions in the presence of up to g of TA per liter and tolerated a range of phenolic monomers including gallic ferulic and pcoumaric acids the predominant fermentation product from tannic acid breakdown was pyrogallol as detected by highperformance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry TA degradation was dependent on the presence of a sugar such as gl fructose arabinose SU galactose cellobiose or soluble ST as an added carbon and energy source the strain also demonstrated resistance to condensed tannins up to a level of gliter
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we have investigated the results of neonatal inoculation with a proteinbound polysaccharide psk as it affects the defense mechanism of animals against CA male balbc mice received a single ip i.t. of mgkg psk within h of birth when the mice were weeks of age colon adenocarcinoma c RT cells were transplanted sc i.t. of psk increased the number of tumorrejecting mice from to compared with the control mice transplanted with x RT cells and prolonged the median survival period to of control mice with tumors when the number of transplanted tumor cells was increased to x psk i.t. significantly prolonged the survival period although PT grew in all mice the survival period was also significantly prolonged in male cbl mice that received an injection neonatally with psk and were given a sc transplant of lewis lung carcinoma or b melanoma at weeks of age the effect on survival displayed any signs of recurrence of lm after radiation therapy alone of the patients with lmm only patients showed local recurrence of the tumor salvaged by excision in both cases one patient with lmm suffered from metastatic disease without local recurrence of the melanoma months T3 radiation therapy the cosmetic results of radiotherapy were good or excellent in the vast majority of patients with only a few experiencing hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation in the irradiated area fractionated radiation therapy with superficial xrays is an ERP method of treatment of lm associated with low morbidity and leading to clinical results comparable to those of surgical excision
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the purpose of this T0 was to determine if a single measurement of metacarpal cortical area could predict the subsequent risk of HF over a LT followup period thirteen hundred eightysix women and men mean age sd years underwent posteroanterior hand radiography between and as part of the framingham T0 measurements of cortical bone width external width and medullary width were made at the midpoint of the second metacarpal with a digital caliper to the nearest mm HF occurrence was ascertained on all survivors through december surprisingly in women there was no significant increase in hip fracture according to metacarpal CA measurements per sd decrease in either ageadjusted hazard ratio hr ci or multivariateadjusted models hr ci the same results were seen when considering only those women who were or years of age at the time of their xray or when considering only the first years of followup when the type of hip fracture was considered in women T3 adjustment for other risk factors there appeared to be an association between metacarpal cortical area and intertrochanteric fracture risk hr ci but not FA neck fracture risk hr ci in men the ageadjusted risk of hip fracture was increased modestly per sd decrease in metacarpal cortical area hr ci and this remained true after adjustment for potential confounders in this prospective cohort T0 with up to years of followup metacarpal CA in men predicted hip fracture risk in women the only association between metacarpal CA and fracture risk was observed for intertrochanteric fractures and was not significant when adjusting for multiple potential confounders we conclude that this peripheral measure of bone status is not a potent predictor of hip fracture over a long period of followup
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although ceramide accumulation in the HR is considered a L1 factor in promoting apoptosis and cardiac disorders including HF lipotoxicity and ischemiareperfusion injury little is known about ceramides role in mediating changes in +dP/dt in the present T0 we measured the PET consequences of acute exposure of isolated fieldstimulated ARC to cceramide exogenous ceramide treatment depressed the MPA and the maximal velocity of shortening without altering intracellular calcium C2 or kinetics the inactive ceramide analog cdihydroceramide had no effect on myocyte shortening or cai transients experiments testing a potential role for cceramidemediated effects on activation of protein kinase c pkc demonstrated evidence for signaling through the calciumindependent isoform pkcε we employed dimensional electrophoresis and antiphosphopeptide antibodies to test whether treatment of the cardiomyocytes with cceramide altered myocyte shortening via pkcdependent phosphorylation of myofilament proteins compared to controls myocytes treated with ceramide exhibited increased phosphorylation of S1 IB proteinc cmybpc specifically at ser and ser and troponin i ctni at sites apart from ser which could be att with pkc inhibition we conclude that the altered myofilament response to calcium resulting from multiple CS of pkcdependent phosphorylation contributes to contractile dysfunction that is associated with cardiac diseases in which elevations in ceramides are present
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in a previous T0 it was shown that the protein encoded by the gene bl of african swine fever virus asfv is a transprenyltransferase that catalyzes in vitro the condensation of FPP and IPP to synthesize geranylgeranyl diphosphate and longer chain prenyl diphosphates alejo a yáñez r j rodrÃguez j m viñuela e and salas m l j biol chem to investigate the in vivo CF of the viral enzyme we have determined in this work its subcellular localization and activity in CE two systems were used in these studies cells infected with asfv and cells INF with a recombinant pseudosindbis virus carrying the complete bl gene in this latter system the transprenyltransferase was found to colocalize with the endoplasmic reticulum marker proteindisulfide isomerase whereas in cells infected with asfv the viral enzyme was present in cytoplasmic viral assembly CS associated with precursor viral membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum in addition after subcellular fractionation the viral enzyme partitioned into the membrane fraction extraction of membrane proteins with alkaline carbonate and triton x indicated that the asfv enzyme behaved as an integral membrane protein the membrane enzyme synthesized predominantly alltransgeranylgeranyl diphosphate from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate these results indicate that the viral bl protein is a transgeranylgeranyldiphosphate synthase being the only enzyme of this type that is known to have a membrane localization
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the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids bas is important in several physiological processes although there has been considerable research on CL regeneration T3 twothirds partial hepatectomy phx little is known about how the liver protects itself against ba toxicity during regeneration in this study various bas in plasma and liver the composition of micelleforming bile constituents as well as mRNA of the main hepatobiliary transporters were quantified in shamoperated and phx mice and h T3 surgery phx did not influence the hepatic concentrations of taurineconjugated bas tba but increased the concentration of glycineconjugated gba and unconjugated bas total ba excretion microg x min x g liver wt increased fold and was accompanied by a increase in bile flow T3 phx the PC of tbas fold gbas fold and free bas fold increased the mrna and protein C2 of the ba uptake transporter ntcp were unchanged after phx whereas the canalicular bsep protein increased twofold at h the basolateral efflux transporter mrp was induced at the mrna fold and protein fold levels T3 phx which may contribute to elevated plasma ba and bilirubin levels biliary phospholipid excretion was nearly doubled in phx mice most likely owing to increased mrna expression of the phospholipid transporter mdr in conclusion the remnant liver after phx excretes fold more bas and three times more phospholipids per gram CL than the shamoperated mouse CL upregulation of phospholipid transport may be important in protecting the biliary tract from ba toxicity during phx
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the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal gland is innervated by CA SN using histofluorescence techniques we observed CA plexuses surrounding adrenal capsular and subcapsular blood vessels individual varicose nerve SF that branched off these plexuses were distributed among adrenal glomerulosa cells this innervation was permanently eliminated T3 neonatal sympathectomy with guanethidine or hydroxydopamine but was not affected by ligation of the splanchnic nerve or extirpation of the suprarenal ganglion at the ultrastructural level axonal varicosities were commonly observed in close proximity to glomerulosa cells and blood vessels nerve SF and varicosities were found to contain small nm clear vesicles as well as large nm and small nm DCVs in tissue fixed for the dichromate reaction with or without pretreatment with the false transmitter hydroxydopamine many nerve terminals contained numerous small densecored vesicles which are thought to contain CAs these results establish the anatomical substrate for the catecholaminergic innervation of the rat adrenal cortex
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the tonsil of the soft palate was an oval flat structure located centrorostrally on the oral surface of the soft palate its stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium was perforated by holes or small crypts the deeper parts of which were loosely spongiform interdigitated with LT these unusual features have not previously been reported in tonsils of any species crypts and reticulated epithelium as found in the lingual and palatine tonsils were not observed lectins showed varying affinities for TPS layers of the epithelium m cells were not observed a few langerhans cells were distributed among SEC LT was arranged loosely and in isolated lymphoid follicles in the subepithelial lamina propria mucosae although iga cells and macrophages were proportionately more numerous the amount of LT was much less than in the lingual and palatine tonsils most of the follicular GCs lacked a darkly stained corona cd positive were more numerous than cd lymphocytes and were distributed in the parafollicular and interfollicular Az large clusters of mucus acini positive for glycogen acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides separated lymphoid tissue from deeply placed striated muscle only a few high EC venules were observed in the parafollicular and interfollicular Az these had relatively few vesiculo vacuolar or other organelles in their high EC cells and few lymphocytes attaching to their walls
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