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effluent from grass silage is a threat to water SQ and a loss of valuable forage nutrients from dairy farms absorbents potentially reduce effluent loss when weather conditions are not ideal for field wilting the objective was to determine the effectiveness of various absorbents at reducing silage effluent firstharvest directcut perennial grass forage was ensiled with and without absorbents in mediumsized exp silos for consecutive yr silos contained kg of grass and one of the following feed SQ absorbents rolled barley dried and pelleted BP or alfalfa cubes at or nonfeed SQ absorbents used were ST grafter CP bentonite clay and newspaper silage from directharvest control forage produced the highest effluent losses but the wilting of grass prior to ensiling or the mixing of grass with alfalfa cubes nearly eliminated effluent silage ph was lowest when rolled barley or beet pulp was used as the absorbent and was highest for wilted grass silage dry matter was increased by wilting and by the use of barley beet pulp newspapers or alfalfa cubes as absorbents the addition of newspaper greatly reduced in vitro DMD and crude protein increased watersoluble carbohydrate concentrations were found for silage from grass forage treated with rolled barley BP or alfalfa cubes prior to ensiling although bentonite clay and newspapers reduced effluent losses greater watersoluble carbohydrate losses were found for these treatments compared with the direct control alfalfa cubes were found to be ERP absorbents and did not reduce grass silage SQ
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a purified fraction of the extracellular slime of pseudomonas aeruginosa characterized chemically as a glycolipoprotein glp has been identified as responsible for a number of biologic properties of the viable cell mice immunized actively or passively against glp are protected against an otherwise lethal challenge with viable bacteria glp is chemically physically and antigenically distinct from the lipopolysaccharide of the same strain an in vivo association of glp with blood leukocytes has been demonstrated and the leukopenia in mice following challenge with p aeruginosa may be accounted for by the subsequent sequestration of a neutrophilglp complex in the liver antiglp serum in the absence of complement mediates the phagocytosis and eventual killing of viable p aeruginosa by mouse polymorphonuclear WBCs and unstimulated peritoneal macrophages a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the glp is responsible for its protective immunogenicity although the lipid moiety governs the leukopenic and lethal capacities the carbohydrate specifically the mannose of this moiety is required for full expression of glp lethality mannose is also an immunodominant sugar
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in recent years vasodilator drugs are considered a ST for patients with symptomatic HF isosorbide dinitrate venodilator shows a striking fall in cardiac filling pressure hydralazine arterially active vasodilator decreases afterload and increases cardiac SO the combined use of nitrates and hydralazine shows synergistic effect in increasing cardiac output lowering cardiac filling pressure and improving exercise tolerance and life expectancy prazosin showed no favourable effect on survival in a vheft trial although calcium antagonists have been expected to improve hemodynamics in the patients with HF there have been no controlled C1 trial to prove that the hemodynamic effect is accompanied by any improvement in exercise tolerance or SQ of life at the present it is considered to be reasonable to use nitrates and hydralazine combined with ace inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure
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brutons IMT kinase btk plays a critical role in b cell ag receptor bcr signaling as indicated by the xlinked immunodeficiency and XLA phenotypes of mice and men that express mutant forms of the kinase although btk activity can be regulated by srcfamily and syk TKs and perhaps by phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate bcrcoupled signaling pathways leading to btk activation are poorly understood in view of previous findings that cd is involved in bcrmediated phosphatidylinositol kinase pik activation we assessed its role in btk activation using a cd reconstituted myeloma model and cd geneablated animals we found that bcrmediated btk activation and phosphorylation are dependent on the expression of cd while bcrmediated activation of lyn and syk is not wortmannin preincubation inhibited the bcrmediated activation and phosphorylation of btk btk activation was not rescued in the myeloma by expression of a cd mutant in which IMT residues previously shown to mediate cd interaction with pik y and y were changed to phenylalanine taken together the data presented indicate that bcr aggregationdriven cd phosphorylation functions to promote btk activation via recruitment and activation of pik resultant phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate probably functions to localize btk for subsequent phosphorylation and activation by src and syk family kinases
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a crossover single blind T0 examined the possible central effects of nonopioid analgesic drugs on the trigeminal reflexes the corneal reflex and BR r r were recorded electromyographically and response Az measured in healthy volunteers before and T3 intramuscular injection of piroxicam mg and T3 intravenous i.t. of lysine acetylsalicylate mg after the last drug recording the subjects received intravenous naloxone mg followed minutes later by further reflex testing saline was used as a PL in control experiments both analgesics reduced the corneal reflex piroxicam induced a and lysine acetylsalicylate a a reduction that naloxone did not reverse neither drug reduced the early or the late component of the blink reflex the marked inhibitory changes that the two nonnarcotic analgesics produced on the corneal reflexa nociceptive responseindicate a centrallymediated action naloxones failure to reverse the induced analgesia argues against opiate receptor mediation
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the activity of glycogen synthase phosphatase in rat CL stems from the cooperation of two proteins a cytosolic scomponent and a glycogenbound gcomponent it is shown that both components possess synthase phosphatase activity the gcomponent was partially purified from the enzymeglycogen complex dissociative treatments which increase the activity of phosphorylase phosphatase manyfold substantially decrease the synthase phosphatase activity of the purified gcomponent the specific inhibition of GS phosphatase by phosphorylase a originally observed in crude liver extracts was investigated with purified liver synthase b and purified phosphorylase a synthase phosphatase is strongly inhibited whether present in a dilute liver extract in an isolated enzymeglycogen complex or as gcomponent purified therefrom in contrast the cytosolic scomponent is insensitive to phosphorylase a the activation of glycogen synthase in crude extracts of skeletal muscle is not affected by phosphorylase a from muscle or CL consequently we have studied the dephosphorylation of purified muscle glycogen synthase previously phosphorylated with any of three protein kinases phosphorylase a strongly inhibits the dephosphorylation by the hepatic gcomponent but not by the hepatic scomponent or by a muscle extract these observations show that the inhibitory effect of phosphorylase a on the activation of glycogen synthase depends on the type of synthase phosphatase
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conventional neuroimaging techniques provide information about conditionrelated changes of the bold bloodoxygenlevel dependent signal indicating only where and when the underlying cognitive processes occur recently with the help of a new RPA called modelbased PET neuroimaging fmri researchers are able to visualize changes in the internal variables of a time varying learning process such as the reward PE or the predicted reward value of a conditional stimulus however despite being extremely beneficial to the imaging community in understanding the neural correlates of decision variables a modelbased approach to BB imaging data is also methodologically challenging due to the multicollinearity problem in statistical analysis there are multiple sources of multicollinearity in functional neuroimaging including investigations of closely related variables andor experimental designs that do not account for this the source of multicollinearity discussed in this paper occurs due to rho between different subjective variables that are calculated very close in time here we review methodological approaches to analyzing such data by discussing the special case of separating the reward prediction error signal from reward outcomes
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available evidence for oxidative AS T3 angioplasty is indirect or ambiguous we sought to characterize the pattern time course and possible sources of free radical generation early T3 arterial balloon injury ex vivo injury performed in arterial rings in buffer with lucigenin yielded a massive oxygendependent peak of luminescence that decayed exponentially and was proportional to the degree of injury signals for injured vs control arteries were n vs n cpm x mgmin p data obtained with mmoll lucigenin were validated with mmoll lucigenin or the novel superoxidesensitive probe coelenterazine micromoll gentle removal of EC prior to injury scarcely affected the amount of luminescence lucigenin signals were amplified to fold by exogenous nadph and were inhibited by diphenyliodonium dpi a flavoenzyme inhibitor antagonists of several other potential free radical sources including xanthine oxidase nitric oxide synthase and mitochondrial electron transport were without effect overdistension of IN rb iliac arteries in vivo n induced fall in intracellular reduced glutathione and increase in Ox glutathione so that gshgssg ratio changed from to p there was also loss of the glutathione pool further studies were performed with EPR rb aortas submitted to ex vivo overdistension in the presence of the spin trap depmpo diethoxyphosphorylmethylpyrrolinenoxide mmoll n showed formation of radical adduct spectra abolished by dpi or superoxide dismutase computer simulation indicated a mixture of hydroxyl and carboncentered radical adducts likely due to decay of superoxide adduct electrical mobility shift assays for nfkappab activation were performed in nuclear protein extracts from intact or previously injured rb aortas BI induced early nfkappab activation which was decreased by dpi in conclusion our data show unambiguously that arterial injury induces an immediate profound V1 oxidative AS such redox imbalance is likely accounted for by activation of vessel wall nadph oxidoreductases generating radical species potentially involved in tissue repair
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to assess the clinical significance of amleto gene detected by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction the outcome of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia between and years of age were presented all patients had pCR cr at the end of induction amlmrc protocol and underwent unpurged autologous allogeneic from matched siblings nontcelldepleted bone marrow transplantations bmt in first cr one patient died due to allogeneic bmtrelated complications and patients relapsed at and months only one patient achieved second cr all relapsed patients died between and months with resistant disease n or infection during salvage chemotherapy n two patients who had autologous bmt are alive and disease free at and months although statistical significance could not be shown EFS and overall survival rates of amletopositive patients and respectively at years were even lower than those of amletonegative patients the results confirm some previous reports that amleto gene in children and adolescents is not a favorable prognostic factor
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the increased knowledge of the pathobiology of gastrointestinal carcinoid NE tumours and the improved therapeutic possibilities have brought a demand for more precise diagnosis although the carcinoid tumours can often be tentatively recognized in routinely processed microscopic slides their more accurate identification requires additional diagnostic procedures GA neuroendocrine markers such as the argyrophil reaction of grimelius and immunohistochemistry with application of antibodies against chromogranin a and of neuronspecific enolase are discriminatory staining methods which are used to reveal the NE origin of almost all highly differentiated carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract midgut carcinoids which predominate among these tumours almost unexceptionally contain serotonin this biogenic amine can be demonstrated by the argentaffin reaction of masson serotonin immunoreactively or by formalininduced fluorescence the characteristic IF pattern of midgut carcinoids is almost invariably preserved in the metastatic deposits and consequently the IF methods for identifying serotonin can also be used on metastases to reveal a primary midgut carcinoid the enterochromaffinlike ecl cell carcinoids of the body and fundic area of the stomach often seen in association with PA are argyrophil with the seviermunger silver stain other neuroendocrine tumours viz antral DU and rectal carcinoids should be studied by a battery of relevant peptide hormone antisera for adequate diagnosis during the last decade new peptide hormones have been found in circulation in patients with carcinoid tumours but serotonin and urinary hiaa are still the most important markers for carcinoids of the midgut origin other clinically useful TM are chromogranin a b pancreatic polypeptide human chorionic gonadotropin alpha and beta subunits for localizing procedures angiography is the most reliable investigative method for primary tumours in the gut whereas ctscan and ultrasound investigations are good for detection of LM during the last five years the therapy for malignant carcinoid tumours has been considerably improved chemotherapy has only revealed objective response rates in about of the patients giving median survivals from start of therapy of about months recently treatment with alpha interferons and the new somatostatin analogue octreotide have given objective responses in of patients with malignant midgut carcinoid tumours these patients have now a median survival from start of therapy of months when treated with alpha interferons in the future new therapies will come into use such as monoclonal antibodies and perhaps also agents blocking different growth AF
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this T0 demonstrates a significant resolution of effusions which is maintained for at least years improvement results both from adenoidectomy alone and in combination with tonsillectomy significant audiometric hearing gain also occurs there is a slight but statistically insignificant trend in favour of the combined T0 compared with adenoidectomy CT similar improvements can be achieved by use of a VT but reinsertion is required twice as frequently with a tube alone than in cases where it is combined with adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy the relative rates for mortality and morbidity of VT CT adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy are well recognised taking these into account and considering the findings of this study there would seem to be little additional benefit from combination of tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy compared with adenoidectomy CT the necessity for a second or subsequent anaesthetic in cases treated with a tube CT must also be considered these results give some support to the suggestion that the treatment of choice for established BL som may be adenoidectomy in selected cases combined with unilateral IS of a ventilation tube the latter procedure effects immediate but shortlived hearing gain unilateral compared with bilateral IS reduces the overall complication rate due to the tube by the former procedure effects sustained improvement which persists following extrusion of the tube further prospective studies are required to predict more precisely those cases in which adenoidectomy should be recommended
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osteolysis of the distal part of the clavicle was diagnosed in fortysix men none of whom had a PH of acute injury to the AC area all patients were athletes and fortyfive lifted weights as part of their training pain and tenderness at the acromioclavicular joint associated with radiographic signs of osteoporosis loss of subchondral bone detail and cystic changes in the distal part of the clavicle were present in varying degrees joint scintigraphy showed increased activity in the distal part of the clavicle in all patients resection of the distal end of the clavicle in twentyone patients four with bilateral procedures resulted in relief of PS in the nineteen who were followed all but five of these patients were able to continue their sports activities and weighttraining the twentyfive patients who were not operated on also had improvement but only T3 cessation or change of their sports activity and avoidance of weighttraining
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cerebral HT reduces BB injury and improves behavioral REC after hypoxiaischemia hi at birth however using current enrolment criteria many infants are not helped and conversely a significant proportion of control infants survive without disability in order to further improve treatment we need better biomarkers of injury a true biomarker for the phase of evolving treatable injury would allow us to identify not only whether infants are at risk of damage but also whether they are still able to benefit from MI even a less TPS measure that allowed either more precise early identification of infants at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome would reduce the variance of outcome of trials improving trial power while reducing the number of infants unnecessarily treated finally valid shortterm surrogates for long term outcome after treatment would allow more rapid completion of preliminary evaluation and thus allow new strategies to be tested more rapidly exp studies have demonstrated that there is a relatively limited window of opportunity for ERP treatment up to about h after hi the latent phase before secondary cell death begins we critically evaluate the utility of proposed biochemical electronic monitoring and imaging biomarkers against this FR this review highlights the two CE limitations of most presently available biomarkers that they are most precise for infants with severe injury who are already easily identified and that their correlation is strongest at times well after the latent phase when injury is no longer treatable this is an important area for further research
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congenital disorder of glycosylation type id is an inherited glycosylation disorder based on a defect of the first mannosyltransferase involved in nglycan biosynthesis inside the endoplasmic reticulum only one patient with this disease has been described until now in this article a second patient and an affected fetus are described the patient showed abnormal glycosylation of several plasma proteins as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing and western blot lipidlinked OS in the endoplasmic reticulum reflecting early nglycan assembly revealed an accumulation of immature manglcnacglycans in fibroblasts of the patient chorion cells of the affected fetus showed the same characteristic lipidlinked oligosaccharides DP however the fetus had a normal glycosylation of several plasma proteins some fetal glycoproteins are known to be derived from the mother but even glycoproteins that do not cross the placenta were normally glycosylated in the affected fetus maternal or placental factors that partially compensate for the glycosylation defect in the fetal stage must be proposed antrometer or an electron probe microanalyzer epma which are frequently used in materials industries we can obtain an exefs spectrum within min the radiative auger effect as an example demonstrates that the T0 on atomic manybody effects has become a powerful tool for crystal and electronic structure characterizations the exefs method has already been used in many industries in japan reviews about the applications and basic T0 results on the radiative auger effect are reported in this paper
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the SM gland of the mouse and rat serves as an important MM to study epitheliomesenchymal interactions since it can be studied both in vivo and in vitro previous work has established that the extracellular matrix and especially the basal lamina play vital roles in the OD of this gland more recent studies have indicated that integrins and several oncogenerelated products including components of the epidermal growth factor system also play important roles in this PG development
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recent studies on eosinophilic fasciitis have lead to this investigation of eosinophilia in PSS and localized scleroderma eosinophilia eosinophilic count greater than cmm was found in ten of progressive systemic sclerosis patients and in two of nine localized scleroderma cases in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis eosinophilia was found occasionally in six cases it was transitory but frequent in three cases it was constant and very high in one case in patients with localized scleroderma eosinophilia was found occasionally in one case and frequent but not constant in the other one the possible influence of drugs could be excluded in five cases three PSS cases and two affected with localized scleroderma therefore it is possible to confirm that eosinophilia is not a distinctive sign of EF in patients suffering from sclerodermalike syndromes while eosinophilia is related to inflammation in eosinophilic faciitis eosinophilia and SLEDAI could not be correlated in our patients with pss recently it has been suggested that eosinophilia might be an unfavorable prognostic criterion in PSS our data does not allow confirmation of this assumption
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the surgical treatment for ICM HF stich trial found that viability assessment did not identify patients with a survival advantage from coronary artery bypass grafting cabg compared to medical therapy stich viability testing was performed with singlephoton emission computed tomography spect MPI dobutamine echocardiography or both there has been controversy regarding the strength of the conclusions and whether newer technologies such as CMR cmr or position emission tomography imaging pet would have changed the results improvements in medical therapy for heart failure over the past decade have led to decreased incremental benefit of revascularization therapy over medical therapy CT as demonstrated by primary stich findings although weaknesses in T0 design and performance limit generalizability likely more precise techniques such as cmr or pet were needed to discern the smaller incremental survival benefit that may be afforded with cabg compared to medical therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy
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the response to injury includes a diminution in appetite a decrease in nutrient intake an acute mobilisation of endogenous SE stores glucose and fat but an impaired ability to use them lean tissue is broken down to its constituent amino acids which provide precursors for the synthesis of gl in the CL gluconeogenesis glucose is used as a source of SE by the brain and red blood cells as well as by wound tissue T3 a discrete injury normal function is normally resumed with a reduced body mass in very severe injury or sepsis in those who are physiologically or immunologically impaired or those with a genetic predisposition to the condition OF may develop due to an apparent ongoing inflammatory process the origin of this process is not always apparent but loss of integrity of the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested apparently adequate nutritional support in the presence of a severe inflammatory stimulus only attenuates the gluconeogenic process and the breakdown of lean tissue continues supply of protein amino acids stimulates protein synthesis but it also stimulates breakdown nutrient intake via the enteral route may be limited by gastrointestinal symptoms and via the parenteral route by fluid overload although this can be circumvented by fluid removal by haemofiltration it is probable that if nutritional support in severe traumasepsismultiple organ failure is to be effective satisfactory pharmacological methods of controlling metabolism will have to be found
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recently the solid dispersion sd technique reattracted attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to its simplicity and effectiveness the aim of the present T0 was to improve the dissolution rate and hence the oral bioavailability of a poorly water soluble imidazole antifungal model drug ketoconazole ket via the preparation of sds using phospholipid carriers either alone or in combination with other hydrophilic carriers the results revealed that dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol dmpg exhibited the greatest enhancement effect on the dissolution rate of the drug interestingly the prominent effect of sds using dmpg CT or in combination with peg or poloxamer on increasing drug dissolution rate was more evident at various physiological ph values the sd combinations were superior compared to those containing only dmpg the powder xray diffraction pxrd differential scanning calorimetry dsc and SEM microscopy sem studies demonstrated a remarkable reduction of drug crystallinity in sds finally oral BA of ket sd formulations in rabbits was significantly p improved compared to that of the drug particularly the maximum plasma concentration cmax and the time to reach the PPC tmax collectively these results suggest that dmpg either alone or in combination with hydrophilic carriers was regarded as promising sds for enhancement the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of ket and potentially other imidazole antifungal class ii drugs
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incontinence is one of the most frequently encountered problems in multiple sclerosis ms and it has a negative effect on the daily lives of patients therefore it is important to investigate this complaint and start AGA treatment early the aim of our study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the turkishlanguage incontinence quality of life scale iqol in patients with ms we included patients with ms in this T0 for analysis of testretest reliability we po the turkishlanguage version of iqol developed by a translationback translation method to patients on the day of admission and week after admission to assess validity we also evaluated patients with the multiple sclerosis SQ of life scale mqol and expanded disability status scale edss we calculated the ICC coefficient of the iqol total and all subscores as to and the cronbach alpha score as to p we found a significant correlation among all subscores of iqol and physical and mental subscores of mqol and edss p our T0 has demonstrated the internal consistency and reliability of the iqol in the turkish language in patients with ms
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to map genomic loci for leg weaknessrelated traits in pigs leg scores and gait scores were recorded at ± d in a WG duroc à erhualian f intercross population and a chinese sutai population the biceps brachii muscle was dissected from the right front leg and its length and weight were measured after slaughter at ± d in the populations the populations were genotyped using the porcine snp beadchip and genomewide association studies were performed on them separately and jointly a total of significant loci were detected in the populations including at the genomewide significant level on ssc and sscx and at the genomewide significant level on ssc and sscx all of them confirmed the previous qtl findings except locus for gait score of front legs on ssc which was reported for the first time the most prominent locus was identified in a mb linkage disequilibrium block on ssc for both leg weakness and the growth of the BB muscle which is worth further investigation the significant snp identified in the sutai population could directly be explored in markerassisted selection to improve leg soundness of the sutai pig as expected it is generally more powerful to identify significant regions in the combined population compared with a single population to our knowledge this was the first genomewide association T0 for weight and length of the biceps brachii muscle in pigs
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micropuncture and morphologic studies were performed in six CG of male munichwistar rats after removal of the RA kidney and segmental infarction of twothirds of the left kidney groups and received no TPS therapy CG and were treated with the angiotensin iconverting enzyme inhibitor enalapril mgliter in the drinking water groups and were treated with reserpine mgliter hydralazine mgliter and hydrochlorothiazide mgliter all rats were fed standard chow CG underwent micropuncture study wk T3 renal ablation UT group rats exhibited SH and elevation of the SNGFR sngfr due to high average values for the mean glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure gradient delta p and QA rate qa in group rats treatment with EN prevented SVR hypertension and maintained delta p at nearnormal C2 without significant reduction in sngfr and qa in contrast triple drug therapy normalized systemic hypertension but failed to lower delta p in group rats CG were followed for wk T3 renal ablation untreated group rats demonstrated continuous SVR hypertension progressive proteinuria and glomerular structural lesions including mesangial expansion and frequent areas of segmental sclerosis in group rats treatment with EN maintained SVR blood pressure at normal levels over the wk period and dramatically limited the OD of proteinuria and glomerular lesions despite equivalent systemic blood pressure control in group rats failure of triple drug therapy to control glomerular hypertension was associated with progressive proteinuria and glomerular lesions comparable to those seen in untreated group rats thus unless glomerular capillary hypertension is QTc control of systemic blood pressure is insufficient to prevent progressive renal injury in rats with RRM
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the aim of this study was evaluation of pharmacologic autonomic blockade on timedomain parameters of atrial asaecg and VVI SAECG saecg in patients with MVP syndrome mvp regarded subjects with mvp mean age group i were studied as well as a control group consisting of healthy subjects mean age group ii initially two dimensional echocardiography with color doppler examination ambulatory HM multistage TM exercise test transoesophageal pacing tep recording of asaecg and saecg were made subsequently pharmacologic autonomic system blockade was done by using intravenously propranolol mgkg and atropine mgkg the following timedomain parameters of asaecg were calculated the root mean square Vc for the last ms of filtered pwave rms and time duration of filtered pwave pwd moreover the following parameters of saecg were analyzed the root mean square Vc of the signals in the last and ms of the filtered qrs rms the total time duration of qrstqrs and the duration of low amplitude signals microv lpd the autonomic blockade did not NC significantly the obtained values of rms in subjects with mvp as follows rms from microv to microv rms from microv to microv and rms from microv to microv on the other hand also the values of rms did not change statistically significant after blockade in control group from microv to microv p but the values of rms i rms increased significantly in this group respectively from microv to microv p and from microv to microv p the values of pwd have changed differently in the examined groups being under the influence of the autonomic blockade in group i decreased from ms to ms p whereas in group ii increased from ms to ms p abstract truncated at words
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glucokinase atpdglucose phosphotransferase ec plays a pivotal role in hepatic gl metabolism and serves as the gl sensor in pancreatic islet betaceled by taking advantage of different halflives solubility of labeled tracers in a wash solution and sensitivity of the photographic material to disintegrations of the radionuclides blood flow autoradiograms using iiap were obtained by immediate SE of BB sections to kodak nmb film for h during i ARG contamination by h was absent and by c was negligible at tissue concentrations of less than microcig brain tissue after complete decay of i reexposure of brain sections to kodak nmb film for weeks provided autoradiograms that stemmed exclusively from c disintegrations without contamination by either i or h and that represented regional glucose utilization brain sections were then washincubated for h to remove cdg cdgphosphate and free hamino acids from the tissue and exposed to hsensitive lkb ultrofilm for weeks for ARG of hamino acid incorporation into proteins c radioactivity remaining in the tissue section T3 washincubation was determined by exposing sections again for weeks to kodak nmb film the resulting contribution to the blackening of hautoradiograms was corrected for by means of DS using an imageprocessing system the tripletracer ARG technique was validated in rats under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions in IN animals extinction correction was necessary only for hautoradiograms under pathophysiological conditions however significant contamination of i by c occurred in regions with low blood flow and increased gl utilization rate this also required correction by digital subtraction the interpretation of tripletracer autoradiographic results is limited by the same restrictions as singletracer autoradiography but the simultaneous assessment of the three parameters considerably facilitates the interpretation of the flowmetabolic relationship particularly under pathological conditions
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affinity maturation of b lymphocytes within GCs involves both diversification of their bcell receptors bcrs by somatic hypermutation shm and a crucial receptormediated selection step however in contrast to recent advances in revealing the molecular mechanism of shm the fundamentals of the selection process are still poorly understood ie it is often not clear how and how many mutations contribute to improving a bcr during the response against a given antigen a GA drawback in assessing the mutations relevant to the selection process is the difficult task of rating the relative contributions of selection and intrinsic biases to the experimentally observed mutation patterns of bcrs the RPA proposed here is premised on statistical comparison of the frequency distributions of nucleotide substitutions as observed in datasets of hypermutated bcrs against their frequency CSD expected under the null hypothesis of no selection thereby we show that the spectrum of mutations relevant to maturation of canonical NP bcrs is much broader than previously acknowledged going beyond the scope of single key mutations moreover our results suggest that maturation not only involves selection by means of affinity but likewise expreirst be tested using a highpower electron beam impinging on the lithium jet high intensity proton beam irradiation mev ma will take place at soreq applied research accelerator facility saraf SC linear accelerator currently in construction at snrc radiological risks due to the be produced in the reaction were studied and will be handled through a proper design including a cold trap and appropriate shielding a moderatorreflector assembly is planned according to a monte carlo simulation to create a neutron spectrum and intensity maximally ERP to the treatment and to reduce prompt gamma radiation dose risks
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climate NC is one of the most difficult of challenges to conserving biodiversity especially for countries with few data on the distributions of their taxa species CSD modelling is a modern approach to the assessment of the potential effects of climate NC on biodiversity with the great advantacell cultures are unable to fully recapitulate clinical drug responses mainly due to limited in vitro functional lifespan since extracellular matrices are known to be key regulators of cell OD culturing cells on classic d plastic surfaces inevitably results in loss of differentiation hence d models of the human proximal tubule that recapitulate the in vivo morphology would allow for improved drug screening and disease modeling here the OD and characterization of a d PT tubule model using rptectert cells is presented rptectert cells selfassembled in matrigel to form highly differentiated and stable d tubular structures characterized by a branched network of monolayered cells encircling a cellfree lumen thus mimicking the proximal tubule in vitro tubuli resembled the polarity of a S3 epithelium as indicated by polar expression of nak atpase and zo furthermore d cultured rptectert cells showed overall increased mrna expression of xenobiotic transporters eg octs and mates and de novo expression of oat when compared to cultures on plastics or membrane inserts finally this model was used to assess delayed cisplatininduced nephrotoxicity and demonstrated increased sensitivity when compared to d culture thus the easytouse model described here may prove to be useful for mechanistic investigations eg in discovery of EDC interfering with tubule formation differentiation and polarization as well for the PCD and understanding of pharmaceutical induced nephrotoxicity
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a screen of saccharomyces cerevisiae histone alanine substitution mutants revealed that mutations in any of three adjacent residues l y or g near the c terminus of h led to a unique phenotype the mutants grew slowly became polyploid or AN rapidly and also lost chromosomes at a high rate most likely because their kinetochores were not assembled properly there was lower histone occupancy not only in the centromeric region but also throughout the genome for the h mutants the mutants displayed genetic interactions with the genes encoding two different histone chaperones rtt and cafi affinity purification of rtt and cafi from yeast showed that much more h and h were bound to these histone chaperones in the case of the h mutants than in the wild type however in vitro binding experiments showed that the h mutant proteins bound somewhat more weakly to rtt than did wildtype h these data suggest that the h mutant proteins along with h accumulate on rtt and cafi in vivo because they cannot be deposited efficiently on dna or passed on to the next step in the histone deposition pathway and this contributes to the observed genoe was restored oxldl induced heme oxygenase ho which was nrfdependent and inhibition of ho activity in fcms using zinc protoporphyrinix allowed the cells to regain a proinflammatory phenotype mechanistically oxldl attenuated rosdependent activation of ccaatenhancer binding protein cebp family members in fcms thereby reducing cytokine expression thus in fcms the nrfho axis intervenes in lps signaling ros production is impaired cebp transactivation is reduced and consequently the expression of Th1 mediators is attenuated thereby shaping a desensitized fcm phenotype this macrophage phenotype may be important for the progression of atherosclerosis
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the only clinically proven ERP treatment of fulminant hepatic failure fhf is orthotopic CL SPK olt however many patients die before an organ becomes available thus there is a need for OD of an extracorporeal liver support system to bridge these patients either to olt or spontaneous REC we developed a BAL bal based on plasma perfusion through a circuit of a hollowfiber cartridge seeded with matrixanchored porcine HCs to treat patients with severe ALF two CG of patients were studied group n patients with fhf all patients were successfully bridged to olt bridge time to olt was hr mean hr all patients were discharged neurologically intact reversal of decerebration was noted in all deep stage coma patients there was reduction in intracranial pressure icp mmhg to p and increase in CBF perfusion pressure cpp mmhg to p laboratory values pre and postbal treatment gl mgdl to p ammonia mumoll to p total bilirubin mgdl to p pt sec to p group ii n patients with chronic CL failure experiencing acute exacerbation two patients survived and later underwent olt six patients not olt candidates died days after last bal treatment laboratory values pre and PT ammonia mumoll to p total bilirubin mgdl to p pt sec to p
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to assess the impact of early diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with suspected acute MES ischemia in whom other diagnostic studies are inconclusive or unavailable
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tgfbeta is a widely expressed immunoregulatory protein that exerts a diverse range of effects on many types of cells one of the effects of tgfbeta is the inhibition of both constitutive and cytokineinducible Ia mRNA in this T0 we demonstrate that tgfbeta inhibits expression of class ii mhc surface protein mrna and promoter activity in primary astrocytes and that this inhibition is both dose and time dependent tgfbeta does not act to inhibit ifngammainduced mRNA in a global fashion as induction of icam and irf gene expression by ifngamma is unaffected by treatment with tgfbeta furthermore tgfbeta does not affect events that are involved in ifngammainduced intracellular signaling such as IMT phosphorylation of jak jak and stat alpha nor does it affect ifngamma induction of the class ii x box binding protein ifngamma enhanced factor x we speculate that tgfbeta may be exerting its effects by modulating the expression or CF of constitutively expressed AF responsible conazole itself in a mu cryptococcosis MM only one mouse out of ten remained alive by day in the infected group treated with daktarin iv while in the miconazole emulsion treated group mice began to die from day up to day post inoculation thus the multipledose treatment with the miconazole emulsions improved the protection offered to the infected mice however the therapeutic C2 of miconazole that were reached in the lung BB were lower than those required for complete eradication of cryptococcus neoformans which is known to multiply preferentially in the brain
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enterprise imaging has channeled various technological innovations to the field of clinical radiology ranging from advanced imaging equipment and postacquisition iterative reconstruction tools to image analysis and CAD tools more recently the advancement in the field of quantitative image analysis coupled with machine learningbaexercise in adrenalinedeficient mice genotypes at the pnmt locus were verified by polymerase chain reaction pcr of ear samples of pnmtko and wildtype wt mice these mice were submitted to chronic exercise training during weeks blood pressure was determined by a photoelectric pulse detector mice were anesthetized and cardiac morphology and function were evaluated by echocardiography and hemodynamics igf igfr anp and bnp mrna were quantified by RT pcr in LV lv samples pnmtko mice showed increased systolic blood pressure compared with wt mice a significant increase was found in lv mass and lv posterior wall thickness in TR pnmtko compared to TR wt mice without significant differences in lv volumes acute β
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naltrexone ntx is a potent opioid antagonist that promotes cell proliferation by upregulating dna synthesis through MSD of the tonically active AIP opioid growth factor ogf from its receptor ogfr to investigate how ntx enters cells ntx was fluorescently labeled nfluoresceinyl ntx thiosemicarbazone fntx to T0 its uptake by living cultured cells when human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line scc was incubated with fntx for as little as min cells displayed nuclear and cytoplasmic IF of fntx as determined by fluorescent deconvolution microscopy with enrichment of FL signal in the nucleus and nucleolus the same temporalspatial distribution of fntx was detected in a human PC-1 mia paca african green monkey kidney cell line cos and human mesenchymal stem cells hmscs fntx remained in cells for as long as h fntx was internalized in scc cells when incubation occurred at degrees c with the signal being comparable to that recorded at degrees c a fold excess of ntx or a variety of other opioid ligands did not alter the temporalspatial CSD of fntx neither fluoresceinlabeled dextran nor fluorescein alone entered the cells to T0 the effect of fntx on dna synthesis cells incubated with fntx at concentrations ranging from to m had a bromodeoxyuridine index that was greater than for vehicletreated cells and was comparable to that of unlabeled ntx taken together these results suggested that ntx enters cells by passive diffusion in a nonsaturable manner
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referring to some critical comments on operational diagnostics in view of the adoption of the th revision of the international classification of diseases the relevance of symptomatology for diagnosis using icd and icd was investigated in a retrospective study inpatients with neurotic depression ED schizoaffective psychosis manic psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia were included in the study data came from routine documentation of every episode of treatment symptoms being assessed according to the amp system discriminant analyses revealed psychopathology at admission to be the most important information for diagnosis both at admission and at discharge psychopathology at discharge seemed to be of no importance for diagnosis whereas inclusion of the reasons for referral improved discrimination between categories of depressive disorder when in addition sex age and chronicity were included in computation of the discriminant function a further improvement in the prediction of psychiatric diagnosis at discharge resulted these findings are compared to others reported in the literature
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acute kidney injury aki is associated with mitochondrial fragmentation which contributes to mitochondrial damage and tubular cell apoptosis mitochondrial fragmentation involves the cleavage of both mitochondrial outer and inner membranes cleavage of the outer membrane results from drpmediated fission activation and bakpromoted F0 arrest but the molecular mechanism of IM cleavage remains elusive omamediated proteolysis of opa a key inner membrane fusion protein was recently suggested to account for inner membrane cleavage during cell stress in this study we determined the role of oma in opa proteolysis and mitochondrial fragmentation in exp models of ischemic aki in atpdepletion injury knockdown of oma suppressed opa proteolysis mitochondrial fragmentation cytochrome c PR and consequent apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells in mice oma deficiency prevented ischemic aki as indicated by better renal function less tubular damage and lower apoptosis opa proteolysis and mitochondrial injury during ICM aki were ameliorated in omadeficient mice thus omamediated opa proteolysis plays an important role in the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics in ischemic aki
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the present T0 investigated the effects of intracisternal administration of mcp rantes or il on pain transmission in the orofacial area we also investigated mechanisms of hyperalgesic responses produced by intracisternal administration of il an orofacial formalin test was employed to assess the effects of chemokines on nociceptive processing for each animal the number of behavioral responses and the time spent grooming rubbing andor scratching the facial region proximal to the formalin injection site was recorded for nine successive min intervals intracisternal administration of mcp rantes or il significantly increased formalininduced scratching behavioral responses in the orofacial area intracisternal pretreatment with indomethacin a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor did not block ilinduced hyperalgesia pretreatment with microg propranolol a nonselective betaadrenergic receptor antagonist and microg atenolol a selective betaadrenergic receptor antagonist inhibited the number of scratches and the duration of scratching produced by ng of il injected intracisternally these results indicate that intracisternal administration of chemokines produce a hyperalgesic response with an orofacial inflammatory pain MM and that the ilinduced hyperalgesia is mediated by CE betaadrenergic receptor
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the role of diet in the prevention of breast cancer is widely accepted yet little is known about how its biological effects mitigate susceptibility to this disease soy consumption is associated with reduced breast CA risk in women an effect largely attributed to the soy isoflavone genistein gen we previously showed reduced incidence of chemically induced mammary PT in young adult rats with lifetime dietary NI of soy protein isolate spi than in those fed the control diet containing CS cas to gain insight into signaling pathways underlying dietary RT protection we performed genomewide expression profiling of MECs from young adult rats lifetime fed cas spi or cas supplemented with gen we identified mammary epithelial genes regulated by spi total and gen total using affymetrix rat a genechip arrays and found minimal overlap in mRNA patterns we showed that the regulated transcripts functionally clustered in biochemical pathways involving metabolism immune response ST and ion transport we confirmed the differential expression of wnt wnta sfrp and notch notch hes signaling components by spi andor gen using quantitative realtime pcr wnt pathway inhibition by gen was supported by reduced cyclin d immunoreactivity in mammary ductal epithelium of gen relative to cas and spi groups despite comparable C2 of membranelocalized EC and betacatenin ID of distinct gen and spi responsive genes in MECs may define early events contributing to tumor protection by diet relevant to the prevention of breast and other types of CA
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patients treated with recombinant hGH rhgh for growth hormone disorders follow a challenging treatment schedule this T0 assessed patient and caregiver experiences with rhgh therapy treatment regimens patients years or older with growth hormone deficiency and caregivers completed webbased surveys a total of patients and caregivers participated storage of rhgh was considered burdensome by more than a third more than considered storage somewhat more to much more of a burden relative to the burden while not traveling away from home or traveling was the most frequently endorsed reason for missing a dose rhgh treatment while traveling is challenging because of rhgh storage burden
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what is the nature of the oxygen sensors and how do organisms sense variations in oxygen a progressive rise of oxidative AS due to the altered reductionoxidation redox homeostasis appears to be one of the hallmarks of the processes that regulate gene transcription dynamic changes in oxygen homeostasis and its close association with redox equilibrium therefore constitute a signaling mechanism for the expressionactivation of oxygenes this R2 subsequently regulates the compartmentalization and functioning of hifalpha and nfkappab in addition oxygenevoked regulation of hifalpha and nfkappab is closely coupled with intracellular redox state such that modulating redox equilibrium affects their responsiveness at the molecular level expressiontransactivation interestingly are these particular transcription factors potential oxygen sensors the basic components of the intracellular oxy following the original ideas proposed by edwards for granular media we consider three lattice models a diluted spin glass a system of hard spheres under gravity and a hardspheres binary mixture under gravity introduced to describe glassy and granular systems they are evolved using a tap dynamics analogous to that of experiments on granular media we show that the asymptotic states reached in such a dynamics are not dependent on the particular sample PH and are characterized by a few thermodynamical parameters we assume that under stationarity these systems are distributed in their inherent states satisfying the principle of maximum entropy this leads to a generalized gibbs distribution characterized by new thermodynamical parameters called configurational temperatures related to edwards compactivity for granular materials finally we show by MC calculations that the average of macroscopic quantities over the tap dynamics and over such distribution indeed coincide in particular in the diluted spin glass and in the system of hard spheres under gravity the asymptotic states reached by the system are found to be described by a single configurational temperature whereas in the hardspheres binary mixture under gravity the asymptotic states reached by the system are found to be described by two thermodynamic parameters coinciding with the two configurational temperatures which characterize the distribution among the inherent states when the principle of maximum entropy is satisfied under the constraint that the energies of the two species are independently fixed
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it is the position of the american dietetic association that medical nutrition therapy is an essential component of DM and healthcare provided by MC organizations and that such care must be provided by qualified nutrition professionals compared with traditional feeforservice reimbursement systems MC presents new opportunities for dietetics professionals until recently the lack of billing infrastructure has handicapped nutrition providers who wish to bill for their services and has made it difficult to track the outcomes of nutrition care with the publication of current procedure terminology codes for medical nutrition therapy mnt and the implementation of mnt benefits in medicare part b for diabetes and nondialysis kidney disease commercial payers including managed care organizations mcos are likely to implement or expand their coverage of mnt a large body of evidence supports the tau and costeffectiveness of mnt coverage within MC plans this evidence includes cost analyses of conditions treated by mnt and clinical trial data confirming the tau of mnt in improving patient outcomes mnt is also an important part of national standards of care for many chronic disease conditions based on evidence supporting the role of mnt in improving patient outcomes the institute of medicine iom recommended that mnt services be reimbursed by medicare when patients are referred by a physician provision of appropriate mnt can also help mcos meet accreditation and quality standards established by entities such as the national EC for quality assurance and the joint commission for the accreditation of health care organizations much of the work required to secure a place for mnt in mcos will be done at the practitioner level by nutrition professionals themselves registered dietitians must market mnt to their customers in MC by addressing the needs of each player by emphasizing the importance of mnt and other costeffective forms of preventive care and disease management mcos will be well positioned to improve population health at modest cost
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quickrelease and quickstretch experiments have been performed on preparations of smooth muscle from rat portal vein and rb UB the low equivalent mass of the isotonic lever mg implied that inertial oscillations were limited to the first msec T3 the load step the high time resolution achieved in this way enabled us to separate three components in the length response to a step NC in force an immediate passive elastic recoil an isotonic velocity transient lasting msec and shortening of the CE T3 its full adjustment to the new load the maximal series elastic recoil was about of the total muscle length in portal vein but only some in urinary bladder stiffness of series elasticity increased in proportion to force and was about times higher in bladder than in portal vein at any force level forcevelocity relations for loads less than po could be fitted to hills equation vmax in acstimulated portal veins was muscle lengthssec and in kactivated bladder S9 muscle lengthssec application of loads greater than po produced rates of lengthening greater than expected from an extrapolation of hills hyperbola the nature of the transient component is discussed in the CS of recent studies of force and velocity transients in skeletal muscle
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rats infused centrally with bombesin become hypothermic at normal ambient temperatures when acutely deprived of food but not while allowed unrestrained access to food ad libfed rats tested at normal ambient temperatures become hypothermic T3 receiving intracerebroventricular icv bombesin when they have VMH lesions or when administered insulin or deoxydglucose peripherally all of these conditions have been linked to reductions of sympathetic NS activity to brown AT bat a L1 thermogenic mechanism of many homeotherms a between group design was used to examine the effects of icv bombesin infusions on the response to IP injections of a the sympathetic ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine mgkg ip in ad libfed rats b the nonspecific betaagonist isoproterenol mgkg ip in fooddeprived rats and c the combination of isoproterenol and chlorisondamine in ad libfed rats ad libfed rats receiving icv bombesin ng microliters in combination with peripheral chlorisondamine injection became hypothermic min postbombesin administration degrees c while ad libfed rats receiving icv bombesin infusion and IP injections of saline did not degrees c isoproterenol blocked hyperthermia in ad libfed rats injected with chlorisondamine and icv bombesin foodderived rats receiving icv bombesin infusion and peripheral saline inich were a fistulated at the duodenum the carbohydrate contents varied considerably carbohydrate digestion in the forestomach was estimated by the detergent and anthron methods and by quantitative gas chromatographic analysis for carbohydrate monomers apparent starch digestibility for starchrich rations varied between and between and g of ST was found at the duodenumanimald in the case of the cerealcontaining rations the highest values being found for the one containing maize the apparent digestibility of sugar was about the amount of sugar found at the duodenum varied between and g animald analysis by gas chromatography revealed that the feeds yielded less hemicelluloses than calculated from the difference ndfadf the only other sugars found in appreciable amounts at the duodenum were arabinose and xylose
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in order to evaluate the effect of plateletactivating factor paf antagonist bn mgkg iv on cyclosporine mgkg iv nephrotoxicity euvolemic munichwistar rats were submitted to micropuncture studies bn CT did not NC the total vs mlmin or single nephron sn vs nlmin and glomerular filtration rate the csa administration caused a decline on gfr vs mlmin p less than and on sngfr vs mlmin p less than an increase in afferent ra and efferent re arteriolar resistances and respectively that caused a decrease on glomerular plasma flow rate qa from to nlmin p less than was observed moreover the LpA kf declined by to mlsec mmhg p less than the previous bn administration on rats treated with csa blunted its effects on superficial nephrons the sngfr vs nlmin qa vs nlmin and kf vs nls mmhg remained unaltered by contrast the total renal function was not prevented by bn treatment gfr vs mlmin p less than thus this study suggests that paf may participate in csa nephrotoxicity furthermore the protective effect of bn on SF nephrons may indicate that bn is a drug that can minimize the impairment of renal function induced by csa
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an EC method was developed for the determination of hg at ultratrace C2 using an au nanoparticle aunp array modified CPE cpe by anodic stripping voltammetry scanning electron microscopy measurements imaged the size and shape of aunps on the cpe substrate it was possible to tune the size and the np density by changing the deposition time and medium EC characterization of the aunp modified cpe was carried out using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance measurements interferences due to some commonly occurring metal ions and surfactants on the stripping peak of hg were also investigated the Ï detection limit for hg using the aunp modified electrode was as μgl this method was applied to determine hg in soil samples
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although SCV stenosis is a wellknown complication of haemodialysis subclavian catheters little is known about its causes catheterrelated infection is the most common complication of this technique but its role in the genesis of late subclavian stenosis has not been established we retrospectively analysed subclavian catheterizations in a total of chronic HD from a single center sixteen catheters had to be removed because of a well documented catheterrelated infection three CRS with ipsilateral phlebitis seven isolated fever with catheter tip colonization which disappeared T3 catheter removal and six exitsite discharge with positive culture for comparison we matched contemporaneous catheters which were electively removed without evidence of infection and with a negative culture of the catheter tip a venogram of the ipsilateral arm was performed in all the cases T3 more than months of catheter removal both CG were remarkably similar with respect to age sex side of insertion number of inserted catheters time of indwelling and time elapsed from removal to venography definite subclavian stenosis was three times more common among patients with previous catheterrelated infection versus p interestingly both patients with ipsilateral phlebitis showed total occlusion of the subclavian vein although all diabetic patients of the T0 n suffered a catheterrelated infection the incidence of late subclavian stenosis was not more common than in nondiabetic infected patients in summary subclavian haemodialysis catheterrelated infection is a L1 risk factor for the development of late SCV stenosisabstract truncated at words
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a case report of a SF meningioma in a yearold female is presented childhood meningiomas are discussed and the literature is reviewed with respect to the location of the lesion in the SF the role of radiotherapy following subtotal resection of meningiomas is also described
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C1 cell neuroendocrine carcinoma lcnec and small cell lung carcinoma sclc are highgrade NE carcinomas in order to clarify the similarities and differences between these cancers cases each of lcnec and sclc were collected and a comparative pathological study was carried out first their clinicopathological characteristics were confirmed which were very similar to those previously reported the year survival rate of lcnec and sclc patients was and respectively the morphological characteristics of lcnec and sclc were then reviewed with regard to the morphology previously used to differentiate these cancers as a result many morphological indicators such as tumor cell size nuclearcytoplasmic ratio nuclear molding rosette formation prominent nucleoli and karyolysis were confirmed to be significant indicators for distinguishing lcnec from sclc on comparative immunohistochemistry lcnec had significantly high staining scores for the expression of keratin and e and pcadherins betacatenin villin retinoblastoma protein prb cmet and alphaenolase these results might reflect the differentiation or deviation of lcnec toward an epithelial nature irrespective of NE RT lineage in conclusion the present comparative study of lcnec and sclc defined the similarities and differences between these cancers and showed the biologically and clinicopathologically overlapping spectrum of the RT lineage
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intermittent antegrade cold BCP is superior to warm BCP in patients who have AV T0 this T0 compared the cardioprotective tau of intermittent antegrade and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia with emphasis on metabolic AS in the left and RA ventricles
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we recently found that plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate pipregulated filamentous actin factin polymerization was diminished in hyperinsulinemic cell culture models of insulin resistance here we delineated whether increased gl flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway hbp causes the pipfactin dysregulation and insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia increased hbp activity was detected in tl adipocytes cultured under conditions closely resembling physiological hyperinsulinemia nm insulin for h and in cells where hbp activity was amplified by mm glucosamine glcn both the physiological hyperinsulinemia and experimental glcn challenge induced comparable losses of pip and factin in addition to protecting against the insulininduced membranecytoskeletal abnormality and insulinresistant state exogenous pip QTc the glcninduced insult on these parameters moreover in accordance with hbp flux directly weakening pipfactin structure inhibition of the ratelimiting hbp enzyme glutaminefructosephosphate amidotransferase restored pipregulated factin structure and insulin responsiveness conversely overexpression of glutaminefructosephosphate amidotransferase was associated with a loss of detectable BPM pip and insulin sensitivity a slight decrease in intracellular atp resulted from amplifying hbp by hyperinsulinemia and glcn however exp maintenance of the intracellular atp pool under both conditions with inosine did not reverse the pipfactinbased insulinresistant state furthermore less invasive challenges with glucose in the absence of insulin also led to pipfactin dysregulation accordingly we suggest that the functionality of cell systems dependent on pip andor factin status such as the glucose transport system can be critically compromised by inappropriate hbp activity
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gait disorder is a very frequent and disabling symptom in FPD pd the aim of this study was to identify the main kinetic and kinematic features of pd gait according to different disease stages early early group intermediate without freezing nonfreezers and intermediate with freezing freezers kinematic data showed a distal to PT progression of impairment from the early to the intermediate with freezing stage the early group showed more accentuated ankle dorsiflexion during stance than the other pd subgroups the freezers showed a more flexed hip position at initial contact and a reduced range of motion rom during stance compared with the other patients the individuals in the intermediate stage with or without freezing displayed limited knee rom distal to proximal progression of lower limb impairment in pd might be an expression of a rostral to caudal degeneration of locomotor control centers DUE of the relationship between gait features masters and servants in PD gait a threedimensional analysis of biomechanical changes sensitive to PD and PD may promote the OD of tailored rehabilitation programs
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cultured neonatal myocytes are commonly used as a model system for the T0 of cardiac phosphatidylinositol pi turnover in neonatal myocytes stimulation with noradrenaline causes the release of the careleasing compound inositoltrisphosphate and the generation of the caregulatory compound inositoltetrakisphosphate addition of noradrenaline to IN neonatal rat hearts stimulates the PR of inositoltrisphosphate but not inositoltetrakisphosphate these findings show that the isolation and SC of the neonatal myocyte causes changes in the pi turnover pathway so that it becomes similar to that described in other cell types and different from that in IN myocardial tissue the neonatal myocyte is not a useful MM for the study of cardiac pi turnover
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the impact of dendritic geometry on somatopetal transfer of the current generated by steady uniform activation of excitatory synaptic conductance distributed over passive or AS hodgkinhuxley type dendrites was studied in simulated neurons such tonic activation was delivered to the uniform dendrite and to the dendrites with symmetric or asymmetric branching with various ratios of branch diameters transfer effectiveness of the dendrites with distributed sources was estimated by the core current increment directly related to the total membrane current per unit path length the effectiveness decreased with increasing path distance from the soma along uniform branches the primary reason for this was the asymmetry of somatopetal vs somatofugal input core conductance met by synaptic current due to a greater leak conductance at the PT end of the dendrite under these conditions an increasing somatopetal core current and a corresponding drop of the depolarization membrane potential occurred the voltagedependent extrasynaptic conductances if present followed this depolarization consequently the driving potential and membrane current densities decreased with increasing path distance from the soma all path profiles were perturbed at bifurcations being identical in symmetrical branches and diverging in asymmetrical ones these perturbations were caused by Vc gradient breaks abrupt change in the profile slope occurring at the branching node due to coincident inhomogeneity of the dendritic core crosssection area and its conductance the gradient was greater on the side of the smaller ERP crosssection correspondingly the path profiles of the somatopetal current transfer effectiveness were broken andor diverged the dendrites their paths and sites which were more effective in the current transfer from distributed sources were also more ERP in the transfer from singlesite inputs the effectiveness of the active dendrite depended on the activationinactivation kinetics of its Kv conductances in particular dendrites with the same geometry were less effective with the HH membrane than with the passive membrane because of the effect of the noninactivating kconductance associated with the hyperpolarization ECl such electrogeometrical coupling may form a basis for pathdependent inputoutput conversion in the dendritic neurons as the SO discharge rate is defined by the net current delivered to the soma
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disseminated warts in six patients were pretreated with topical fluorouracil solution three times daily for consecutive days curettage was then carried out under local anaesthesia during pretreatment less than of the dose applied was absorbed through the skin the warts had not reappeared in of the patients at followup year later
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pelvic floor dysfunction is a frequent problem affecting more than of women in peri and postmenopause considering that ageing and menopause befall in the significant AF causing this issue as well as the expected longevity of women in the world and in our country pelvic floor dysfunction prevelence is foreseen to be even higher the aim of the study was to evaluate impact of the symptoms of pelvic dysfunction on SQ of life and examine body image satisfaction in AD women with POP presenting to tertiary care clinic for surgical treatment
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acquired nonmalignant TE fistula is a rare clinical entity and a difficult problem to diagnose and manage we report a yearold woman diagnosed with a tracheoesophageal fistula AA to prolonged intubation the diagnosis was delayed for a year hence her mild symptoms cough and dysphagia mainly to liquids these PS were thought to be SE of her psychiatric medications especially that she had a buccal and lingual dyskinesia she later had a trial of conservative treatment that failed and then she underwent surgical resection of the fistula and interposition of a muscle flap acquired nonmalignant TE fistula is a preventable disease in intubated patient if some measures are taken but even with the use of the newer ET tubes highvolume LP cuffs this complication can still occur the surgical treatment remains the best option
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we characterized dietary patterns and their relation to incident type diabetes in participants from the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis mesa
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L1 H-2 complex mhc class i and ii molecules can both present cytosolic and nuclear antigens to cd and cd TA respectively however mhc class i displays proteasomal whereas mhc class ii molecules display lysosomal degradation products one pathway by which intracellular antigens gain access to lysosomal Kd is macroautophagy therefore mhc class ii presentation of antigens that are targeted to autophagosomes can be used to investigate regulation events of the macroautophagy pathway we fuse antigens to atglc for targeting to autophagosomes because this ubiquitinlike protein is selectively coupled to autophagosome membranes and the portion that is coupled to the inner autophagosome membrane is degraded with this membrane in lysosomes the localization of these F0 antigens in mhc class ii loading compartments can be visualized by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and used as a measure of autophagic amphisome generation in addition mhc class ii presentation of autophagosometargeted antigens can be monitored by cd t cell recognition and indicates completion of macroautophagy together these immunological assays are well suited to investigate autophagic flux and analyze experimental conditions and physiological perturbations for their influence on macroautophagy
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the antiinfluenza virus drug oseltamivir has been reported to have several pharmacological actions including blocking of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels and activation of the dopaminergic system these pharmacological actions highly overlap those of amantadine another antiinfluenza virus drug authorized in japan and estertype LAs moreover oseltamivir and AMA can clinically induce similar adverse neuropsychiatric reactions in the present T0 from the database of the pharmaceuticals and MDA pmda we surveyed drugs for which NP side effects similar to those of oseltamivir amantadine and local anesthetics abnormal SMB confusion consciousness disturbance convulsion delirium delusion hallucination myoclonus tremor are listed as clinically significant adverse reactions and found totential for accurate reconstructions of past biomes and awaits application to fossil pollen sequences the random forest MM may be used to investigate vegetation changes on both long and short time scales eg during glacial and interglacial cycles or more recent and abrupt climatic anomalies like the african humid period such applications may contribute to a better understanding of past shifts in vegetation cover and ultimately provide valuable information on drivers of climate change
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surgery remains the primary treatment for biliary tract HM a standard therapy is required in the era of evidencebased medicine however guidelines for biliary tract CA surgery have not yet been adopted we review the current literature on the treatment of biliary tract HM and surveyed the prospects for standardization of biliary tract CA surgery for patients with GB CA surgical procedures should be selected based on the depth of invasion in aggressive surgery for stage iv GBC attention should be paid to the high incidence of OM HPD and D2 CL node dissection have been investigated in clinical trials for hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients surgical procedures should be selected based on tumor location for bismuth types iii and iv hepatectomy combined with Cd lobectomy appears to be the standard surgery CL transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients is currently being examined in PCTs pancreatoduodenectomy is considered the standard procedure for middle and lower bile duct and ampullary CA it is necessary to continue developing adjuvant therapies for patients with negative prognostic factors the appropriateness of adjuvant thers virtually absent or at most limited to a very narrow area it is concluded from a histological stand point as well that the type of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showing apical symmetric hypertrophy differs from usual hcm
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the primary motor cortex m is a known target for BB stimulation aimed at pain alleviation in chronic pain patients yet the mechanisms through which analgesia occurs and the exact painmotor interrelations are not fully understood we used noxious contact heat evoked potentials cheps and cortical source analysis to further explore the relevance of m in pain processing twentyfour healthy young females received brief noxious heat stimuli to their left nondominant volar forearm simultaneously with cheps recordings thereafter the painevoked activity of m and a control area in the occipital SC oc was analyzed and estimated using sloreta standardized lowresolution BB EM tomography this analysis revealed two phases of m painevoked activation phase the peak at ±ms phase the peak at ±ms canonical correlations revealed that m but not the oc was the main factor contributing to the relation with the cheps components in detail the activity magnitude of m first and second phases was related to the n and p amplitude respectively the latency of the second phase was associated with both n and p latencies in relation to pain the latency of ms first activity phase was positively correlated with pain ratings suggesting pain interference to synchronized activity in m our results confirm the established relevance of the primary motor cortex to pain processing
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ROS species have been implicated in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia reperfusion injury antioxidants including polyphenolics have been found to protect renal cells from the cellular injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion RES a stilbene polyphenol found in grapes and red wine has recently been found to protect isolated rat heart from ischemia RI this study was sought to determine if resveratrol could also protect renal cells from ICM injury male WR were treated with control RES microgkg vehicle used to solubilize RES and resveratrol plus lname mgkg body wt a nitric oxide blocker our results demonstrated that RES administration reduced the mortality of ICM rats from to and renal damage was reduced as indicated by histologic examination and serum creatinine level the ST administration of resveratrol also inhibited renal lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia and reperfusion both in SC and in medulla electron paramagnetic resonance detected an increased formation of nitric oxide in the resveratroltreated kidney that was reduced to the baseline value after treating the rats with lname in addition to resveratrol the results suggest that RES reduced the renal ischemia RI through a nitric oxidedependent mechanism
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the OD of a convenient and CS biosensing system to detect TPS dna sequences is an important issue in the field of genetic disease therapy as a classic dna PCD technique molecular beacon mb is often used in the biosensing system however it has intrinsic drawbacks including high assay cost complicated chemical modification and operational complexity in this study we developed a simple and costeffective labelfree multifunctional mb lmmb by integrating elements of polymerization primer template target recognition and gquadruplex into one entity to detect target dna the core technique was accomplished by introducing a ghairpin that features fragments of both gquadruplex and target dna recognition in the ghairpin stem hybridization between lmmb and target dna triggered conformational NC between the ghairpin and the common chairpin resulting in significant sybrgreen signal amplification the hybridization continues to the isothermal circular stranddisplacement polymerization and accumulation of the doublestranded fragments causing the uninterrupted extension of the lmmb without a need of chemical modification and other assistant dna sequences the novel and programmable lmmb could detect target dna with sensitivity at pmoll with a linear range from to nmoll and the relative sigma of the lmmb could sense a single base mutation from the normal dna and PCR reaction pcr amplicons of the mutanttype cell line from the wildtype one the total time required for preparation and assaying was only T2 apparently the lmmb shows great potential for detecting dna and its mutations in biosamples and therefore it opens up a new prospect for genetic disease therapy
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intramuscular AT imat is a potential contributor to declining force production and may be related to impaired CE activation therefore the purpose of this report is to describe imat composition and its association with CE activation in older adults the central activation ratio car of the knee extensors was assessed using a superimposition technique in older adults legs along with the crosssectional area of imat and lean tissue
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coronary angiographic findings indicative for left atrial thrombi neovascularization in the region of the LA were compared with echocardiographic ones of patients who had mitral surgery the authors had all the available data for of whom had left atrial thrombi the presence of a neovascularization had a sensitivity of a specificity of predictive accuracy of and predictive value of while echocardiography had a sensitivity of specificity of predictive accuracy of and predictive value of there was no difference in the sensitivity of both methods for the PCD of thrombi located in the LA as a whole cavity p less than however coronary angiography was superior to echocardiography in the diagnosis of thrombi located in the left atrial appendage p less than the diagnosis of left thrombi could be improved by using both methods specificity predictive value thus selective coronary angiography is a useful diagnostic method in addition to echocardiography in the diagnosis of left atrial thrombi
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palmitoyl ascorbate pa as an antioxidant has the potential for the treatment of cancer in the present T0 a nanocarrier system was developed for codelivery of docetaxel doc with palmitoyl ascorbate and the therapeutic efficacy of a combination drug regimen was investigated for this purpose different ratios of docetaxel and palmitoyl ascorbate were coencapsulated in a liposome and they all showed high encapsulation efficiency the average diameters of the liposomes ranged from to nm negative ZP values were observed for all systems ranged from mv to mv studies on drug release and cellular uptake of the codelivery system demonstrated that both drugs were effectively taken up by the cells and released slowly moreover the liposome loading drugs with docpa concentration ratio of showed the highest antitumor activity to three different types of RT cells the higher in vivo therapeutic efficacy with lower systemic toxicity of the docpa
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to assess DS severity and dispositional optimism in patients with recent onset ICA both before and T3 months treatment two hundred twentytwo patients with recent ON ra and undifferentiated arthritis in the improved T0 filled out the beck depression inventory bdiii to assess DS severity and the life orientation test revised lotr to measure optimism before and T3 months of treatment all patients were treated with methotrexate mgweek and prednisone mgday tapered to mgday in weeks LR analysis was used to assess the association between the SLEDAI score das and its components tender joint count GA wellbeing measured with a visual analogue scale vas swollen joint count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate with the bdiii an lotr scores in GA DS were mild the das was an independent predictor of DS scores both at baseline and T3 months followup in particular tender joint count and vas global health SLEDAI was not associated with the level of optimism nevertheless patients who achieved clinical remission improved significantly more in both depression score and optimism score than patients who did not patients with early ICA report improvement in depressive PS and optimism with improvement in disease activity and achieving clinical remission depression scores are associated with pain and unwell being but not with swollen joint counts and inflammatory parameters
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we present the case of a yearold woman who presented with acute nonprogressive left sensorineural hearing loss and BPV that was associated with an arachnoid cyst of the cerebellopontine angle the presence of the lesion was documented by mri examinations that were obtained years apart arachnoid cysts at the CPA are usually found incidentally on mri performed for unrelated reasons however if the arachnoid cyst displaces or compresses adjacent cranial nerves PS may result we review the salient imaging features of AC that allow their differentiation from other lesions of the cerebellopontine angle
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epithelialstromal interactions in the lower urogenital tract lut are integral to prostatic and seminal vesicle development in males vaginal and uterine development in females and urethral development in both sexes mRNA profiling of isolated lut stroma and epithelium has unraveled mechanisms of lut development but such studies are confounded by heterogeneous and illdefined cell subpopulations contained within each tissue compartment we used in situ hybridization to synthesize a highresolution molecular C1 of day postcoitus fetal mouse lut we identified mrnas that mark selective cell populations of the seminal vesicle ejaculatory duct prostate urethra and vagina subdividing these tissues into stromal and epithelial subcompartments these results provide a powerful tool for mapping lut mRNA patterns and also reveal previously uncharacterized subcompartments that may play mechanistic roles in lut development of which we were previously unaware
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nanostructured materials have been widely studied concerning their potential biomedical applications primarily to selectively carry specific drugs or molecules within a tissue or organ in this context boron nitride nanotubes bnnts have generated considerable interest in the scientific community because of their unique properties presenting good chemical inertness and high thermal stability among the many applications proposed for bnnts in the biomedical field in recent years the most important include their use as biosensors nanovectors for the delivery of proteins drugs and genes in the present T0 bnnts were synthesized purified and functionalized with glycol chitosan through a chemical process yielding the bnntgc the size of bnntgc was reduced using an ultrasound probe two samples with different sizes were selected for in vitro assays the nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy tem fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir thermal analysis tga and dynamic light scattering dls the in vitro assays mtt and neutral red nr were performed with niht and a cell lines and demonstrated that this material is not cytotoxic furthermore the bnntgc was applied in gene transfection of plasmid pires containing a gene region that express a green FL protein gfp in niht and a cell lines the gene transfection was characterized by FL protein produced in the cells and pictured by FL microscopy our results suggest that bnntgc has moderate stability and presents great potential as a gene carrier agent in nonviralbased therapy with low cytotoxicity and good transfection efficiency
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the effects of streptozotocin sz and nnitrosobisoxopropylamine bop separately or in combination on the pancreas common duct and GB all target tissues of bop were studied in syrian golden hamsters groups of hamsters were treated with either a single dose mgkg body weight of bop bop group or a single ip dose mgkg body weight of sz and days later with a single sc i.t. of the same dose of bop sz bop group another group of animals was treated similarly with bop and sz except that they received twice daily injections of insulin beginning day T3 sz administration and for the duration of the experiment weeks sz insulin bop group the control group consisted of hamsters treated with a single dose of bop and daily doses of insulin insulin bop group hamsters treated with sz recovered spontaneously from their diabetes although the mortality was high bop treatment inhibited the diabetogenic effects of sz in both sz bop and sz insulin bop CG and reduced the mortality to and respectively sz pretreatment inhibited the incidence of bopinduced pancreatic ductalductular cell carcinomas in the sz bop group p less than this protective effect of sz on carcinoma OD was potentiated by additional treatment with insulin sz insulin bop group p less than although the frequency of bopinduced tumors in the gallbladder all polyps was not altered by either sz or insulin the frequency of the common duct polyps was significantly lower in the sz insulin bop group than in the bop group p less than hamsters in the sz sz bop and sz insulin bop CG developed islet cell adenomas insulomas however the sz insulin bop group had significantly fewer insulomas than in the sz bop group p less than the overall data confirm the GABA effect of sz on bopinduced pancreatic CA and suggest that this effect is related to the diabetic condition of hamsters rather than insulin deficiency and that IN islets appear to be prerequisite for exocrine pancreatic CA induction by bop on the other hand the inhibitory action of insulin on insuloma induction by sz and on ductalductular CA induction by bop seems to be related to the suppressive effect of this hormone on betacell and ductalductular cell replication respectively
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modafinil reduces the excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy obstructive SAHS and shift work sleep disorder in rats modafinil promotes dosedependent increases in wake duration the wakepromoting activity of the renantiomer of modafinil armodafinil was evaluated in wky rats and compared to the classical stimulant MA electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals were assessed via a tethered cranial implant body temperature and locomotor activity were assessed by telemetry via intraperitoneal implant rats n per group were subjected to one of five parallel treatments armodafinil at and mgkg ip MA mgkg ip and VH armodafinil and dmethamphetamine increased time spent awake relative to vehicle armodafinilevoked increases in wake duration were dosedependent and proportional to plasma compound exposure induction of wakefulness by MA was associated with an approximately twofold increase in locomotor activity during the h period immediately following administration relative to VH dmethamphetamine also increased body temperature over the same time interval the dose of armodafinil mgkg ip that was closest to dmethamphetamine in its wakepromoting tau did not produce changes in either body temperature or the intensity of locomotor activity relative to VH acute rebound hypersomnolence characterized by increases in nonrapid eye movement sleep nrems as a percentage of time and nrems bout duration and by a decreased frequency of briefion is a relevant indicator for family functionality valuation the goal of this T0 is to analyze this communication in order to identify specific kinds of leadership interaction patterns and the relation between verbal and nonverbal elements in communication the observational design exposed is an idiographic one punctual and multidimensional which uses field format as observation SF-36 participants were seven standardized families made up of both ancestors and an adolescent son or daughter according to the family models analyzed results show a predominantly democratic communication style in adults with recurrent support expressions the sequential analysis incorporates only categories from the emitter point of view and detects relevant sequences which show symmetric interaction between all three family members verbal and nonverbal channels provide cDNA information depending on adolescents gender different patterns in behaviour can be identified as well
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the paper outlines an electron handgrip dynamometer designed by the authors by taking into account the requirements for both latest and obsolete electron dynamometers it also considers the comparative characteristics of currently available electron handgrips
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participation in a standardlength outpatient CR program crp for months is known to result in positive changes in body composition PET capacity and blood lipids in patients with coronary i.a. disease however there has been little attempt to compare patients who remain AS in a formal crp for an D2 length of year with patients who exit after a standard length of months consequently patients underwent a series of tests including a maximal graded exercise treadmill test assessment of BC and fasting blood lipid analysis at entry to crp and after a followup period that ranged from to years all patients participated in a standard multidisciplinary CRP for months twentyfive patients discontinued participation after months and received no other contact from the program staff until followup whereas patients remained active in the program until followup T3 statistically adjusting for baseline differences between the groups significant differences were observed between the extended and standardlength CG at followup for body weight vs lbs percent fat vs mets vs highdensity lipoprotein level cholesterol vs mgdl total cholesterolhighdensity lipoprotein ratio vs and triglycerides vs mgdl respectively no significant differences in the adjusted means were obsplanted tubules of the control haploid cells spermatids were still undetectable in those derived from old mice thus meiosis was never restored although spermatogonia of old mice can reinitiate differentiation into spermatocytes under suitable testicular conditions since it has been reported in several rat species that agerelated changes in the testicular microenvironment lead to the gerontal cessation of spermatogenesis the present results suggest that both a defective extratubular environment and a defective intratubular environment may cause the cessation of spermatogenesis in old bdf mice
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a neurovascular conflict nc consists of a pathological contact between a vessel generally an artery and the root entry zone of a cranial nerve close to the brainstem even if nc of the v vii and ix cranial nerve have been rarely described to the best of our knowledge there is no report about the xii cranial nerve nc in the paediatric age a threeyearold girl presented with rightsided tongue atrophy and fasciculation of oneyearduration consistent with a IP lesion of the right xii craniaence has been presented that calcium oscillations can effectively trigger apoptosis under certain conditions and that dysregulation of calcium signalling is a common cause of cell death these effects are regularly mediated through calcium signal propagation to the mitochondria and the ensuing mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and PR of proapoptotic AF from mitochondria to the cytoplasm the progress in this area depended on the development of fluorescentluminescent probes including FPs that can be genetically targeted to different intracellular locations and the digital imaging technology fluorescenceactivated cell sorting and FL high throughput approaches which allowed dynamic measurements of both ca in the intracellular compartments of interest and the downstream processes fluorescence single cell imaging has been the only possible RPA to resolve the celltocell heterogeneity and the complex subcellular spatiotemporal organization of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium signals and downstream events we outline here fluorometric and fluorescence imaging protocols that we set up for the study of calcium in the context of apoptosis
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adult respiratory distress syndrome appears to develop as the acute lung injury in the course of many severe diseases as the result of damage of alveolarcapillary barrier there are many evidences that neutrophils may participate in initiation and contribute to the severity of the syndrome course activated neutrophils demonstrate high adhesiveness to the endothelium leucocyte adhesion and further extravasation create the process named the adhesion cascade in the course of this process the adhesive molecules play the key role recent studies on animals shown that antiadhesive action of monoclonal antibodies and their chimeres decrease the degree of injury of alveolarcapillary barrier clinical observations demonstrate that analysis of dynamics of changes of e pselectin and icam concentrations in the serum of patients with ards may be helpful in monitoring of the course and treatment of the disease
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pegylation typically improves the AUC and tumor biodistribution of polymeric drug delivery systems but may also restrict enzyme access to peptidebased drug linkers the impact of dendrimer generation g vs g and peg length vs da on the pharmacokinetics RT biodistribution drug PR kinetics and anticancer activity of a series of PEG polylysine dendrimers conjugated with doxorubicin via a cathepsinb cleavable valinecitrulline linker was therefore investigated in rodents although the smallest g peg dendrimer showed the most efficient cathepsinmediated doxorubicin PR SVR exposure and tumor uptake were limited the largest g peg dendrimer showed good RT uptake and retention but restricted drug liberation and therefore limited anticancer activity superior anticancer activity was achieved using an intermediate sized dendrimer that showed better drug PR kinetics SVR exposure RT uptake and retention the data suggest that balancing peg molecular weight and dendrimer size is critical when designing chemotherapeutic dendrimers
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a variety of sulphated polyanions in addition to heparin and dermatan sulphate stimulate the inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor ii hcii previous investigations indicated that the binding CS on hcii for heparin and dermatan sulphate overlap but are not identical in this T0 we determined the concentrations ic of various polyanions required to stimulate thrombin inhibition by native recombinant hcii in comparison with three recombinant hcii variants having decreased affinity for heparin lysgln dermatan sulphate arghis or both heparin and dermatan sulphate lysasn pentosan polysulphate sulphated bislactobionic acid NH and sulphated bismaltobionic acid amide resembled DS since their ic values were increased to a much greater degree fold by the mutations arghis and lysasn than by lysgln fold by contrast the ic values for fucosylated CS CS e dextran sulphate and fucoidan were minimally affected only in the case of heparin was the ic increased to a greater degree by both lysgln and lysasn fold than by arghis fold none of the polyanions significantly stimulated inhibition of thrombin by an NT deletion mutant of hcii delta these results suggest that like DS and heparin other polyanions stimulate hcii primarily by an allosteric mechanism requiring the nterminal acidic domain
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the selfassembly of a polyprotic pentadentate ligand ncyclopentanoylaminobenzoylhydrazide hl and an iniii nitrate hydrate in methanol led to a strained hexanuclear in metalorganic macrocycle inmom iniiihlnoxsolventxnox where the solvent is either methanol or a water molecule and x is the number of the nitrate anions ligated the ligand in the doubly deprotonated state serves as an unsymmetric linear ditopic donor and the alternating indium ions in two different chelation modes serve as two different bent ditopic metal acceptors which led to a dsymmetric hexanuclear inmom although the hexanuclear inmom is enthalpically unfavorable because of the ring CS the combination of the soft coordination characteristic of the indium ion and the slight ligand deformation from the conjugated planar conformation allows the formation of the entropically favored hexanuclear inmom rather than the enthalpically favored octanuclear inmom while the hexanuclear inmom is stable in acetonitrile it partially dissociates into its components in dimethylsulfoxide and then slowly reaches a new equilibrium state with several different in species yet to be identified in addition to the free ligand
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different studies have illustrated the activation of the innate immune system during infection with protozoan parasites experiments performed in vivo also support the notion that innate immunity has a crucial role in resistance as well as pathogenesis observed during protozoan infections such as malaria leishmaniasis toxoplasmosis and trypanosomiasis while L1 advances have been made in the assignment of bacterial molecules as tolllike receptors tlrs agonists as well as defining the role of the tollinterleukin receptor tir signaling pathway in host resistance to bacterial infection this research area is now emerging in the field of protozoan parasites in this review we discuss the recent studies describing parasite molecules as tlr agonists and those studies indicating the essential role of the tirdomain bearing molecule named myeloid differentiation factor in host resistance to infection with protozoan parasites together these studies support the hypothesis that the tir signaling pathway is involved in the initial recognition of protozoan parasites by the IS of the vertebrate host early resistance to infection development of acquired immunity as well as pathology observed during acute infection with this class of pathogens
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a yearold male was admitted with complaints of the recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and meningitis basal encephalomeningocele was revealed by radionuclide cisternography skull xray studies and ct scan then it was confirmed by T0 in reviewing the literature we proposed a new classification of frontobasal encephalomeningocele from clinical standpoints anterior type detectable facial anomalies hypertelorism building frontal mass or masses reparative T0 is easy intermediate type no facial anomalies CSF fluid rhinorrhea meningitis nasal polyp good results can be expected through intracranial RPA posterior type associated many congenital anomalies such as coloboma ACC and CP and lip in this type intracranial operation has potential hazards in our case elevated csf pressure due to hemodialysis for chronic renal failure may result in the late onset of csf rhinorrhea etiology of reported cases of the basal encephalomeningocele in japan was also discussed
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treatment of IN dormant hazel seeds with gibberellin for hours after an initial hour immersion in sterile DW resulted in a substantially greater increase in the TPS activity of isocitrate lyase than that observed in the corresponding water controls the fresh weights of embryonic axes increased over the same period but were not appreciably greater T3 exposure to gibberellin than after sterile DW treatment
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to report a case of retinal angiomatous proliferation rap treated by ablation of the feeding and draining vessels that recurred by months postoperatively
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the effects of an i.v. of mgkg of xamoterol were studied noninvasively under basal conditions and during betaadrenergic stimulation with dobutamine in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe cardiac failure xamoterol did not cause any detectable agonist effect but was well tolerated under basal conditions its potential antagonist effect was only detected during the dobutamine infusion xamoterol significantly reduced the increase in HR rate p less than the systolic blood pressure p less than the ratepressure product p less than and the cardiac index p less than produced by the administration of dobutamine
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the surgical treatment of breast CA shows a recent trend toward breastsaving procedures in consideration of quality and body image surgeons who performed mastectomy however have not taken aggressive approaches to reconstructive surgery leaving this to plastic surgeons we adopted the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap tramflap for breast reconstruction in and performed immediate breast reconstructions in cases there were no major complications and good cosmetic results were obtained for general surgeons this excellent technique can safely cope with tissue defects in RM as well as modified radical mastectomy immediate breast reconstruction with this technique will be an integral part of breast cancer surgery in company with breastsaving surgery
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the effects of periarterial placement of capsaicin upon intestinal blood flow oxygen consumption and CSD of blood flow to the vascular compartments of the gut wall were measured in anesthetized dogs total blood flow to the segment of distal ileum was measured with an US blood flowmeter and arteriovenous oxygen difference avo across the intestinal segment was determined spectrophotometrically intestinal oxygen uptake was calculated as the product of avo and intestinal blood flow intestinal mucosal blood flow was also measured by laserdoppler flowmeter changes in blood flow distribution were estimated from the distribution of radiolabeled microspheres capsaicin applied periarterially induced early increase in intestinal blood flow oxygen uptake and increase in mucosal blood flow which was higher then increase in total blood flow the acute capsaicininduced V1 dilation was followed by steady state response characterized by significant decrease in intestinal blood flow oxygen uptake and RD of blood flow away from mucosalsubmucosal the intestinal compartment the results of these studies indicate that sensory cfibers at rest and when activated play a role in the control of intestinal blood flow its distribution among vascular compartments of the intestinal wall and intestinal PO2
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release from platelets of a factor mitogenic for smooth muscle cells is a postulated mechanism for the pathogenesis of V1 intimal hyperplasia in this T0 the effect of antiplatelet therapy was evaluated aspirin mg twice daily and dipyridamole mg twice daily were administered to six rhesus monkeys and six were given PL only BL vein bypass grafts were placed in the iliac arteries in addition to evaluate the relative contribution of adventitial dissection and intimal injury on one side the carotid artery and femoral vein were stripped of adventitia and on the other side the intima of these vessels were injured by the single passage of an inflated balloon tipped catheter animals were killed after weeks in grafts relative luminal area was determined by a photographic gravimetric method at three standard locations femoral veins and carotid arteries were classified as histologically normal or as exhibiting PH all vessels with adventitial stripping were normal all vessels with intimal injury in the PL group except one exhibited IH compared to the drug treated group in which over half were normal relative intimal area was significantly less in grafts from drug treated animals at all three locations and luminal area greater in two these data suggest that V1 IH can be reduced by treatment with antiplatelet agents
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this paper describes an artbased artificial neural network ann adapted for controlling functional electrical stimulation fes to facilitate patientresponsive ambulation by paralyzed patients with spinal cord injuries this network is to serve as a controller in an fes system developed by the first author which is presently in use by patients worldwide still without ann control and which was the first and the only fes system approved by the fda the proposed neural network discriminates abovelesion uppertrunk electromyographic emg time series to activate standing and walking functions under fes and controls fes stimuli levels using responseemg signals for this particular application we introduce several modifications of the binary adaptive resonance theory art for PR and classification first a modified online learning rule is proposed the new rule assures bidirectional modification of the stored patterns and prevents noise interference second a new reset rule is proposed which prevents exact matching when the input is a subset of the chosen pattern we show the applicability of a single artbased structure to solving two proade or the present scoring and grading systems appear to be appropriately formulated to estimate the global severity of bph patients further studies to apply the system to DUE of therapeutic responses would be mandatory to examine its validity
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the youth anxiety measure for dsm yam is a newly developed rating scale for assessing anxiety disorder symptoms of children and adolescents in terms of the contemporary classification system in the present study children aged years completed the new measure as well as the trait version of the statetrait anxiety inventory for children staic the short form of the fear survey schedule for childrenrevised fsscrsf the spence childrens anxiety scale scas the selective mutism questionnaire smq and the CDI cdi results indicated that part one of the yam which measures symptoms of the L1 anxiety disorders was most substantially linked with the trait anxiety scale of the staic whereas part two which measures phobic PS was most clearly associated with the fsscrsf the correlation between the yam and the scas was also robust and particularly strong correlations were found between subscales of both questionnaires that assessed similar PS further the selective mutism subscale of the yam was most clearly linked to the smq finally the yam was also significantly correlated with depression PS as indexed by the cdi these findings provide further support for the concurrent validity of the yam
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the floppy eyelid syndrome represents a chronic conjunctivitis characterized by a triad of a loose upper lid that readily everts on elevating the lid a soft rubbery tarsus that can be folded on itself and a diffuse PTC conjunctivitis seven BB barrier bbb in dogs in vivo following intracarotid infusion of hypertonic mannitol the degree of opening varied with the same dose and infusion rate the ratio of contrast enhancement in BB vs venous blood was elevated in of mannitoltreated animals with the greatest enhancement occurring in the ipsilateral basal ganglia and cortical GM the statistical significance and reproducibility of the derived ct numbers used for BB and A-V blood calculations as well as the linear relationship between iodine concentration and ct enhancement was affirmed by obtaining multiple consecutive scans
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obesity is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular cv disease cvd and cv mortality bariatric surgery has been shown to resolve or improve cvd risk factors to varying degrees the objective of this SR was to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on cv risk factors and mortality a systematic review of the published research was performed to evaluate evidence regarding cv outcomes in morbidly obese bariatric patients two major databases pubmed and the cochrane library were searched the review included all original reports reporting outcomes T3 bariatric surgery published in english from january to july in total studies were identified from the initial screen after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria studies involving patients were included mean age years women the baseline prevalence of hypertension diabetes and dyslipidemia was and respectively mean followup was months range to and the average excess WL was range to most studies reported significant decreases postoperatively inules significantly associated with clinical traits one module in wk old mice was associated with several measures of hepatic fat content as well as with other lipid and diabetesrelated traits these results add to the understanding of the complex genetic interactions contributing to obesityinduced diabetes
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we prospectively assessed arthroscopy assisted anterior cruciate reconstructions done over two years as day cases we looked at the clinical results postoperative pain control and patient satisfaction there were males and females with ages ranging from to years a hamstring graft was used in patients while patients had reconstructions using the patellar tendon fortynine patients were successfully discharged on the same day while patients had to be admitted due to excessive drainage six patients had additional procedures at the time of surgery the mean time interval from injury to surgery was months range to fortysix patients had an excellent to good outcome as regards satisfaction with one poor result pain control was not a major issue with any of the other patients included in the T0 our T0 demonstrates that day case arthroscopic acl reconstruction is a safe procedure with minimal to absent morbidity
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riverine ecosystems are governed by patterns of temporal variation in river flows this dynamism will change due to climate NC and the nearubiquitous human control of river flows globally which may have severe effects on species distributions and interactions weichallenged rats with or without h treatment moreover we found that h treatment conferred a better neurological outcome after tbi by improving neurological dysfunction alleviating BE as well as decreasing lesion volume and bloodbrain barrier permeability which were significantly prevented by mir antagomir furthermore intracerebroventricular infusion of mir agomir increased the level of mir expression and decreased the lesion volume after tbi in addition h treatment decreased the levels of oxidative products malondialdehyde and isoprostaglandin fα and increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in BB after tbi which were prevented by mir antagomir taken together these data indicate that h treatment improves the neurological outcome T3 tbi via increasing mir expression
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we have previously shown that the myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substrate a primary protein kinase c substrate in BB that binds and crosslinks filamentous actin is enriched in neuronal growth cones and is developmentally regulated in BB here we examined myristoylated alaninerich c kinase ATP expression in the FMN during axonal regeneration following facial nerve axotomy or FN resection lesions which impede regeneration or following motor neuron degeneration induced by the VA neurotoxin ricin for comparative purposes the protein kinase c substrates myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substratelike protein and growthassociated protein were examined in parallel myristoylated alaninerich c kinase ATP messenger rna exhibited a robust increase in both SN and nonneuronal cells in the facial motor nucleus beginning four days T3 axotomy peaked at seven days fold and declined back to baseline C2 by days myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substrate protein similarly exhibited a twofold elevation in the facial motor nucleus determined four and days postaxotomy following nerve resection myristoylated alaninerich c kinase ATP messenger rna C2 increased at seven days and returned to baseline levels by days unlike myristoylated alaninerich c kinase ATP messenger rna myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substratelike messenger rna C2 did not increase in the facial motor nucleus at any time point following nerve axotomy or resection whereas growthassociated protein messenger rna exhibited a rapid one day and prolonged days elevation in facial motor nucleus SN following either nerve axotomy or resection ricininduced degeneration of facial motor SN elevated myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substrate and myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substratelike messenger rnas in both microglia lectinpositive and astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic proteinpositivecollectively these data demonstrate that myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substrate exhibits a unique expression profile in the FMN following facial nerve lesions and it is proposed that myristoylated alaninerich c kinase substrate may serve to mediate actinmembrane cytoskeletal plasticity in both neurons and glial cells in response to protein kinasecmediated signaling during nerve regeneration and degeneration
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the present T0 extended research on the factor structure and psychometric properties of the multiattitude suicide tendency scale mast a mixed sample of adolescents aged to years participated in the study exploratory principalcomponents analysis of the mast items provided support for the fourfactor structure of the scale attraction toward and repulsion by life and death the mast subscales showed satisfactory C2 of internal consistency specific and subset of the mast subscales were identified for differentiating among adolescents who differed in degrees of psychopathology and suicidal behavior correlational and regression analyses examined the relations among the mast subscales and selfreport measures of suicidal SMB social desirability and GA psychopathology limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed
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standardized photographs lateral and basal view of fetal mandibles n were taken outline segments from gnathion to condylion on the coronoid process and from infradentale to gnathion in lateral view and on the VPI SM in basal view were analyzed into sine curves according to fourier series using the calculated fourier coefficients we statistically examined how mandibular shape changed with fetal growth materials were classified into four CG on the basis of the body length bl or bl mm bl n or bl mm bl n or bl mm bl n and or bl or mm bl statistical analyses were all done on these stature CG on the outline from gnathion to condylion the constant and the first term phase showed statistically greater values in bl than in the other CG as assessed by ttest the first term phase for the coronoid process significantly decreased with increments in stature in the canonical disciminant analysis on the outline from infradentale to gnathion although the cumulative contributions of the first two terms were constant about in all four CG the relative contributions with growing stature decreased in the first term and increased in the second term the mean of the phase in the first term indicated slightly more than degrees in bl and was less than degrees in bl to bl the averages of the second term phases presented little NC from bl to bl and were close to degrees from the canonical discriminant analysis the constant was great and the first term amplitude was small in bl and bl and the constant was small and the first term amplitude was great in bl and bl also the second term amplitude in bl indicated a significantly bigger volume than in bl the constant for the VPI margin manifested statistically significant increments in bl to bl as assessed by ttest we interpret the results as follows on the outline from gnathion to condylion anteroinferior shift occurs in bl resulting in an acute gonial angle the change of angle during the prenatal period precedes the postnatlex interference CA may prove valuable in the characterization of dna IB CS for other proteins as well particularly in conjunction with deletion analysis
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leptin inhibits food intake and increases metabolic rates in AD mice neonatal mice need to maximize food NI and also maintain high thermoregulatory metabolic rates to optimize survival suggesting that OB may function differentially in neonatal versus adult animals the efficacy of exogenous leptin to alter these two physiological functions during development was thus examined in B6 lean or ob and obob leptindeficient mice intraperitoneal leptin administration mgkg body wt to lean and obob pups from to days of age did not affect milk intake oxygen consumption body weight or epididymal fat pad weights intracerebroventricular i.t. of microg leptin to dayold pups also failed to influence milk intake or oxygen consumption because neither lean nor obob pups responded to exogenous leptin high endogenous plasma leptin concentrations per se in these lean mice do not explain their resistance to OB leptin i.c.v. also failed to alter milkfood intakes of dayold pups but markedly increased oxygen consumption of these older mice by days of age intracerebroventricular leptin inhibited FI the welldefined actions of leptin to reduce FI and enhance metabolic rates do not develop synchronously the ability of OB to accelerate metabolic rates is acquired early in life and independent of its anorectic action which may promote survival of neonates
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PC omim is a nondystrophic myopathy caused by mutations in the scna gene that sometimes can be confused with MC another disease also caused by mutations in the gene scna is called myotonia aggravated by potassium omim it is estimated that more than of patients with suspected myotonia congenita suffer PC the two related scna phenotypes exhibit an AD inheritance and are the result of mutations that cause an increase in the CF of the protein coded by this gene in this T0 we present a case of paramyotonia congenita in a family with several affected members and in which a mutation in the scna gene was identified evolutionary conservation data and predictive algorithms of pathogenicity allow us to conclude that this dna variant is the cause of the disease in this family
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based on a preliminary structural MM of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from bacillus circulans ec ser and ser of the enzyme were mutated to cysteines in order to produce suitable heavy atom derivatives mutant sercys could not be expressed as protein mutant sercys was expressed in escherichia coli and purified it crystallized isomorphously and gave rise to a mercury derivative that improved the electron density map the structural results show that the new mercurybinding site is in a pocket at the protein surface
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acute respiratory infections ari are frequent in inuit children in terms of incidence and severity a cohort of children years of age was formed in sisimiut a community on the west coast of greenland and followed from to data on ari were collected during weekly visits at home and childcare centers visits to the CHC were also recorded the cohort had respiratory PS on and fever on of surveyed days the incidence of upper and LRT infections was episodes and episodes per days at risk respectively up to of the episodes of ari caused activity restriction led to contact with the health center compared with studies from other parts of the world the incidence of ari appears to be high in inuit children
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tolllike receptor tlr mediates the host response to lipopolysaccharide lps by promoting the activation of pro and antiinflammatory cytokine genes to activate each gene numerous ST pathways are required the adaptor proteins myd and tirap contribute to the activation of several and possibly all pathways via direct interactions with tlrs tollinterleukin receptor ilr tir domain however additional adaptors that are required for the activation of TPS subsets of pathways may exist which could contribute to the differential regulation of target genes furthermore it remains unknown whether direct interactions that have been reported between tir domains and other proteins are required for tlr signaling to address these issues we systematically mutated the tlr tir domain in the context of a cdtlr F0 protein several exposed residues defining at least two structural surfaces were required in macrophages for activation of the proinflammatory il p and antiinflammatory il promoters as well as promoters dependent on individual transcription AF interestingly the same residues were required by all promoters tested suggesting that the signaling pathways diverge downstream of the adaptors the mutant phenotypes provide a framework for future studies of tlr signaling as the interaction supported by each critical surface residue will need to be defined
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building on prior research which has suggested a relationship between aggression and left frontal activity our study tested the hypothesis that proneness to impulsive aggression would be related to relative left FC overactivation eeg onehertz resting alpha SP frontal asymmetry was examined in pediatric male psychiatric patients with a history of impulsive aggression and comorbid mood and disruptive behavior disorders the strongest finding which emerged from this analysis was a finding of relative increases in left frontal activity compared with right FC activity the results also indicated that greater left frontal activity correlated positively with the severity of psychiatric disturbance these findings suggest that relative increases in left FC activity may be related to a locus of neurophysiological disruption associated with psychopathology characterized by behavioral and affective DIS results are discussed within a model of behavioral inhibition systembehavioral activation system theory
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