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35,151 | 1,094,470,707 | 1310s | [
{
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"plaintext": " Louis the Bavarian",
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"plaintext": " Wang Zhen (inventor)",
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| 81,336 | 334 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1310s | decade | []
|
35,152 | 1,094,470,703 | 1320s | [
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"plaintext": "The 1320s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1320, and ended on December 31, 1329.",
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| 83,347 | 400 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1320s | decade | []
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35,153 | 1,094,470,627 | 1380s | [
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"plaintext": "The 1380s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1380, and ended on December 31, 1389.",
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| 82,834 | 594 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1380s | decade | []
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35,154 | 998,629,101 | 430s | [
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35,155 | 1,107,043,531 | 430 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 430 (CDXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Valentinianus (or, less frequently, year 1183 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 430 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Asclepigenia, Athenian philosopher and mystic (d. 485)",
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"plaintext": " August 28 Augustine of Hippo, bishop and theologian (b. 354)",
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"plaintext": " Saint Aurelius, bishop of Carthage (approximate date)",
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"plaintext": " Feng Ba, emperor of the Chinese state Northern Yan",
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"plaintext": " Flavius Felix, Roman consul",
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"plaintext": " Nilus of Sinai, bishop and saint (approximate date)",
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"plaintext": " Octar, Hunnic ruler (approximate date)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
6
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},
{
"plaintext": " Plutarch of Athens, Greek philosopher",
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| 33,386 | 290 | 6 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 430 | year | []
|
35,156 | 979,126,304 | 342_BC | [
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"plaintext": "Year 342 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahala and Rutilus (or, less frequently, year 412 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 342 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Menander, Greek playwright (d. 291 BC)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pang Juan, Chinese general",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Antiphon, Greek arsonist, execution",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
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]
| [
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| 81,165 | 123 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 342 BC | year | [
"342 BCE"
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|
35,157 | 1,086,656,655 | 771 | [
{
"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
"section_idx": 0,
"section_name": "Introduction",
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{
"plaintext": "The year 771 (DCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 771 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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106,
121
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214,
225
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226,
238
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"plaintext": " Al-Hakam I, Muslim emir of Córdoba (d. 822)",
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1,
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20,
24
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28,
35
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[
40,
43
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi, Abbasid prince and Politician (d. 810)",
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{
"plaintext": " Constantine VI, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 797)",
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16972981,
35472
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1,
15
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32,
48
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53,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 Carloman I, king of the Franks (b. 751)",
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"target_page_ids": [
8354,
79874,
2462183,
35413
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1,
11
],
[
13,
23
],
[
37,
43
],
[
48,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Amir Kror Suri, also known as Jahan Pahlawan, is a fictional character in Pashtun history (approximate date) ",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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53974
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1,
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52,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Coirpre mac Fogartaig, king of Brega (Ireland)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16766307,
9999358,
147575
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
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[
32,
37
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[
39,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Fujiwara no Nagate, Japanese nobleman (b. 714)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
42020030,
28978421,
34871
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
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[
30,
38
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[
43,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Remigius of Rouen, illegitimate son of Charles Martel",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
5182888,
6452
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
40,
54
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}
]
| [
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| 29,950 | 216 | 9 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 771 | year | []
|
35,158 | 1,081,428,641 | 1090s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 1090s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1090, and ended on December 31, 1099.",
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{
"plaintext": " Nizam al-Mulk",
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1,
14
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pope Urban II",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
24284
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1,
14
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},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muqtadi caliph of Baghdad ",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091268
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[
1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Malik-Shah I Seljuk sultan",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
376903
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
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]
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]
| [
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| 82,758 | 343 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1090s | decade | []
|
35,159 | 1,107,757,786 | 1099 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1099 (MXCIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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25657,
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24,
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117
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"plaintext": " Olav Magnusson, king of Norway (d. 1115)",
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47392864,
36267
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1,
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25,
31
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36,
40
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ranulf de Gernon, Norman nobleman (d. 1153)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1300606,
28978421,
36391
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
17
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26,
34
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39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch (d. 1149)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
157660,
256387,
40081
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
20
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32,
39
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44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (d. 1168)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
360327,
43008790,
36216
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
18
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29,
37
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42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " William X (the Saint), French nobleman (d. 1137)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
544554,
40076
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
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44,
48
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{
"plaintext": " Yuri Dolgorukiy, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1157)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
569567,
9074276,
36214
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
16
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34,
38
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[
43,
47
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]
},
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"plaintext": " April 14 Conrad, bishop of Utrecht (Bishopric of Utrecht) ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1862,
3529337,
1864297,
70839
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1,
9
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11,
17
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[
29,
36
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[
38,
58
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{
"plaintext": " April 20 Peter Bartholomew, French soldier and mystic",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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284567,
29174999
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
9
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[
11,
28
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[
49,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 8 Lawrence, Croatian monk and archbishop ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15874,
45456767
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
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[
9,
17
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"plaintext": " July 10 Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid), Spanish nobleman",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15809,
10076
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
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[
10,
31
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},
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"plaintext": " July 18 Fujiwara no Moromichi, Japanese nobleman (b. 1062)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16090,
9730398,
42412
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
8
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[
10,
31
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[
55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Urban II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1035)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15968,
24284,
606848,
40034
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
8
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[
10,
18
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[
32,
47
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[
52,
56
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{
"plaintext": " August 21 Éverard III of Puiset, French nobleman",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1499,
52215282
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
10
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12,
33
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"plaintext": " December 3 Osmund, bishop of Salisbury (b. 1065)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8355,
624039,
1434015,
42456
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1,
11
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[
13,
19
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[
31,
40
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ermengarde de Carcassonne, French noblewoman",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
51107564
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
26
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},
{
"plaintext": " Donald III (the Fair), king of Scotland (b. 1032)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
148035,
23248387,
40032
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
11
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32,
40
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45,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " Qutb Shah, Persian Sufi and religious leader",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
23745275,
28246
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
10
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20,
24
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"plaintext": " Rhygyfarch, Welsh bishop of St. David's (b. 1057)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
7774299,
4279521,
35530
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
11
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29,
40
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[
45,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " Walter of Pontoise, French abbot (approximate date)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16380391,
1143
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
19
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28,
33
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| [
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| 19,496 | 916 | 23 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 1099 | year | []
|
35,160 | 1,100,083,556 | 1098 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1098 (MXCVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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25657,
168855,
15651
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11,
18
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26,
56
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[
102,
117
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},
{
"plaintext": " Amadeus I, Swiss nobleman (House of Geneva) (d. 1178)",
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43730288,
28978421,
6281217,
40089
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[
1,
10
],
[
18,
26
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[
28,
43
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, Persian philosopher and poet (d. 1131)",
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2666097,
40071
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[
1,
22
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hedwig of Gudensberg, German countess and regent (d. 1148)",
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36696367,
35348624,
40080
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[
1,
21
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43,
49
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hildegard of Bingen, German Benedictine abbess (d. 1179)",
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1301,
36053
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1,
20
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[
29,
40
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[
41,
47
],
[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John of the Grating, French bishop and saint (d. 1163)",
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23591042,
34924
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1,
20
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50,
54
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pons, French nobleman (House of Toulouse) (d. 1137)",
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377294,
46670079,
40076
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[
1,
5
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24,
41
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton, Anglo-Norman nobleman (d. 1153)",
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10638685,
36391
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[
1,
51
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79,
83
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},
{
"plaintext": " Wibald, German abbot and councillor (d. 1158)",
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6795122,
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38574
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[
1,
7
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[
16,
21
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[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 3 Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester",
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15789,
7507460,
1428326
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
20
],
[
39,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Hugh de Grandmesnil, Norman sheriff (b. 1032)",
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11009,
353230,
11862495,
40032
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
33
],
[
42,
49
],
[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury",
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18679439,
603489,
428901
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
28
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[
34,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 Adhemar of Le Puy, French bishop (b. 1045)",
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1254,
1875,
36689
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
28
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alan the Black, Norman nobleman and lord of Richmond",
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49590573,
180338
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[
1,
15
],
[
45,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Baldwin II, count of Hainaut (House of Flanders) (b. 1056)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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690921,
690885,
28563337,
40052
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[
1,
11
],
[
22,
29
],
[
31,
48
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ephraim of the Caves, Kievan bishop of Pereiaslav",
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9309069,
949356
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[
1,
21
],
[
40,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Raymond IV (Raimundus), count of Pallars Jussà",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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14445195,
12303644
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[
1,
11
],
[
34,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert de Say (Fitz-Picot), Norman nobleman",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
56290754
],
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[
1,
14
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Vinayaditya, Indian king of the Hoysala Empire",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
6834497,
37522
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
33,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Walo II of Chaumont-en-Vexin (or Galon II de Beaumont), viscount and constable of France (b. 1060)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
47112784,
36292
],
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[
1,
29
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Yaghi Siyan, Sejuk governor of Antioch (b. 1011)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
46189237,
36900,
36283
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
32,
39
],
[
44,
48
]
]
}
]
| [
"1098"
]
| 19,493 | 227 | 16 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 1098 | year | []
|
35,161 | 1,093,575,687 | 1631 | [
{
"plaintext": " January 1 or 1632 Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (d. 1664)",
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15787,
34990,
2173558,
38622
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[
1,
10
],
[
14,
18
],
[
20,
37
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 2 Anthonie van Borssom, Dutch painter (d. 1677)",
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15788,
29830649,
35057
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
32
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 6 Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, Scottish peeress (d. 1716)",
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15986,
2572600,
35059
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
50
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 Hasanuddin of Gowa, 16th Ruler of The Sultanate of Gowa (d. 1670)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16112,
27490618,
44783747,
35082
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1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
[
51,
68
],
[
73,
77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Vincent Houdry, French Jesuit preacher and writer on ascetics (d. 1729)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15990,
7190085,
35853
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Edward Abney, English politician (d. 1727)",
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"target_page_ids": [
11021,
29543784,
35854
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 Louise of Anhalt-Dessau, Duchess suo jure of Oława and Wołów (1672–1680) (d. 1680)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
10991,
21473297,
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34927
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
47,
55
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Peder Syv, Danish historian (d. 1702)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11009,
46620256,
38639
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 3 Esaias Boursse, Dutch painter (d. 1672)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19633,
2539163,
38660
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 9 Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (d. 1705)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20054,
9852313,
38638
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
36
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Lodewijck Huygens, Dutch diplomat (d. 1699)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22693343,
22330525,
38644
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
28
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 16 René Le Bossu, French critic (d. 1680)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19818,
1798532,
34927
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Cornelis de Heem, Dutch painter (d. 1695)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2224,
10247252,
34896
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1010
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Piero de Bonzi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1703)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15020774,
34897
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Walter Vincent, English politician (d. 1680)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
32244595,
34927
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Francesco Maidalchini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1700)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2483,
29409313,
38642
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
32
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Joseph Bridger, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1686)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1416,
49467006,
38649
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl (d. 1703)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19349,
2311591,
34897
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
8,
43
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 4 William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton, English politician (d. 1680)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19351,
32303724,
34927
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
8,
44
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Flavio Chigi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1693)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19629,
31064052,
38647
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest (d. 1701)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19389,
21408998,
38641
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 19 Christoffel Pierson, Dutch painter (d. 1714)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19632,
25484551,
38550
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
28
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Louis André, French Jesuit priest, missionary and translator (d. 1715)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19672,
16013333,
38627
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
20
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth, English politician, earl (d. 1683)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19355,
15105762,
38651
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
44
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1674)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15816,
46561235,
38658
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Gauharara Begum, Mughal noblewoman (d. 1706)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15798,
3097682,
38636
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 22 Francis Rombouts, Dutch Mayor of New York City (d. 1691)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15857,
18590202,
34895
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 António das Chagas, Portuguese Franciscan friar and ascetical writer (d. 1682)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15799,
16892342,
38652
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
83,
87
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 26 Vincenzo Albrici, Italian composer (d. 1695)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15800,
32654207,
34896
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 John Roettiers, English engraver (d. 1703)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15849,
8634171,
34897
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 15",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16088
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Cumberland, English philosopher (d. 1718)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
538876,
38630
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (d. 1700)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1658155,
38642
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 5 Adam Adamandy Kochański, Polish mathematician (d. 1700)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1990,
6352976,
38642
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 7 Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet, England (d. 1679)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1332,
29425123,
38655
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
46
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1497
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maffeo Barberini, Prince of Palestrina (d. 1685)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27883229,
34976
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Dryden, English writer (d. 1700)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
59378,
38642
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
33,
37
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Philip Henry, English minister (d. 1696)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1629,
7938399,
38645
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
24
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 Henry Noris, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1704)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1793,
10304513,
38640
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
23
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Anne Crawford-Lindsay, Scottish noblewoman (d. 1689)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27530,
34406929,
36185
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Charles Porter, English-born judge (d. 1696)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27948,
32403548,
38645
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 29",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28204
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Edlin, English astrologer (d. 1677)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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32650487,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Toussaint de Forbin-Janson, French Catholic cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais (d. 1713)",
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]
},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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]
},
{
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},
{
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]
},
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},
{
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 24",
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8359
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach, Swedish general, Prince-Abbot of Fulda and Kempten, and cardinal (d. 1677)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Gabrielle Suchon, French Catholic moral philosopher, feminist (d. 1703)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (d. 1701)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Klara Izabella Pacowa, politically active Polish court official (d. 1685)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 3 Michelagnolo Galilei, Italian composer and lutenist, younger brother of Galileo Galilei (b. 1575)",
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108
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]
},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1617–1631) (b. 1586)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (1577-1592) (b. 1561)",
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52
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 7 Gabriel Harvey, English writer (b. c. 1552/3)",
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27
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},
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"plaintext": " February 14 Tsugaru Nobuhira, Japanese daimyō (b. 1586)",
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Philipp Dulichius, German composer (b. 1562)",
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11,
28
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 John Donne, English writer and prelate (b. 1572)",
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9
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11,
21
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (b. 1596)",
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11,
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Nicolò Contarini, Doge of Venice (b. 1553)",
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10,
26
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51
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Sinibaldo Scorza, Italian painter (b. 1589)",
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},
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"plaintext": " April 23 Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, last Duke of Urbino (b. 1549)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington, English politician (b. 1570)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Enrico Caterino Davila, Italian historian and diplomat (b. 1576)",
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1,
7
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31
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Mumtaz Mahal, favorite wife of Shah Jahan (b. 1593)",
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41,
51
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Robert Payne, English politician (b. 1573)",
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},
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"plaintext": " June 21 John Smith of Jamestown, English soldier and colonist (b. 1580)",
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15819,
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},
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"plaintext": " July 16 Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (b. 1564)",
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15947,
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34660
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10,
41
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66
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},
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"plaintext": " July 19 Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)",
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10,
26
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56
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish dramatist (b. 1569)",
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16040,
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},
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"plaintext": " August 3 Kim Jang-saeng, Korean scholar and writer (b. 1548)",
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11,
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61
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},
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"plaintext": " August 8 Konstantinas Sirvydas, Lithuanian religious leader (b. 1579)",
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11,
32
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},
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"plaintext": " September 6 Honda Tadamasa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1575)",
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27948,
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38603
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14,
28
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54
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},
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"plaintext": " September 18 Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern (b. 1581)",
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13
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61
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"plaintext": " September 21 Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1564)",
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34660
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13
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15,
32
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71
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},
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"plaintext": " October 14 Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, queen and regent of Denmark (b. 1557)",
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11
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13,
42
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"plaintext": " October 20 Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1550)",
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13,
29
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"plaintext": " October 26 Catherine de Parthenay, French noblewoman and mathematician (b. 1554)",
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22403,
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35
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46
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75
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"plaintext": " November 1 Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria (b. 1589)",
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51
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60
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"plaintext": " November 7 Patrick Fleming, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (b. 1599)",
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13,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Edmond Richer, French theologian (b. 1559)",
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14,
27
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55
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},
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"plaintext": " December 5 Tommaso Caracciolo, Field Marshal of Spanish forces in the Thirty Years' War (b. 1572)",
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31
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"plaintext": " December 7 Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (b. 1568)",
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"plaintext": " December 9 Liborius Wagner, German Roman Catholic priest (b. 1593)",
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"plaintext": " December 10 Hugh Myddelton, Welsh businessman (b. 1560)",
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14,
28
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56
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Michael Drayton, English poet (b. 1563)",
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73
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]
| [
"1631"
]
| 6,860 | 344 | 138 | 306 | 0 | 0 | 1631 | year | []
|
35,162 | 1,093,489,768 | 1633 | [
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},
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"plaintext": " January 31 Nathaniel Crew, 3rd Baron Crew of England (d. 1721)",
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11008
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1,
12
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},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Patin, French physician (d. 1693)",
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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11,
31
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},
{
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11,
30
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59
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},
{
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1,
9
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11,
21
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42,
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},
{
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19849
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1,
9
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]
},
{
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1,
13
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72,
76
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},
{
"plaintext": " Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, German general, Landgraf of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1708)",
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24576479,
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1,
41
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]
},
{
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1,
9
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11,
39
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63,
67
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},
{
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Willem Drost, Dutch painter (d. 1659)",
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175288,
38617
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[
1,
13
],
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33,
37
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Abraham Hill, British merchant (d. 1721)",
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33858209,
35859
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[
1,
13
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36,
40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (d. 1654)",
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1,
9
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27
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41,
45
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]
},
{
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2734
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Paolo Boccone, Italian botanist from Sicily (d. 1704)",
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2796641,
38640
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[
1,
14
],
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49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare, English politician and earl (d. 1689)",
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8659625,
36185
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1,
34
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72
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]
},
{
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19348
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1,
6
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Walter Chetwynd, English antiquary, politician (d. 1693)",
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[
0,
15
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French noble and military engineer noted for designing fortifications (d. 1707)",
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53285,
34709
],
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[
0,
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],
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106,
110
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Joseph Chabanceau de La Barre, French composer (d. 1678)",
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1,
7
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38
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64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 1 Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (d. 1687)",
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1,
7
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28
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57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 16 Jean de Thévenot, French traveler and scientist (d. 1667)",
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15935,
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1,
8
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10,
26
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62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian (d. 1712)",
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15817,
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1,
8
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10,
30
],
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 27 Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, German noble (d. 1701)",
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15801,
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38641
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1,
8
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10,
61
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84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 1 Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (d. 1698)",
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15844,
1597706,
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1,
7
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34
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 6 Sir Henry Yelverton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1670)",
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1,
7
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9,
41
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76,
80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Thofania d'Adamo, Italian posioner ",
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15971,
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[
1,
8
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10,
26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Joseph Williamson, English politician (d. 1701)",
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15804,
396758,
38641
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1,
8
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10,
27
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56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Sebastian Knüpfer, German composer (d. 1676)",
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27948,
9863204,
38656
],
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1,
12
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[
14,
31
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg, Austrian writer and noble (d. 1695)",
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27949,
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34896
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1,
12
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14,
47
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83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (d. 1654)",
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28488,
217682,
36224
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
46
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 William Croone, English physician and one of the original Fellows of the Royal Society (d. 1684)",
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28145,
5178997,
38650
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1,
13
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[
15,
29
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[
106,
110
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 ",
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22454
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1714)",
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2752080,
38550
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1,
47
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52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (d. 1714)",
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913947,
38550
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[
1,
21
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45,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 King James II of England (d. 1701)",
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22525,
5243711,
38641
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1,
11
],
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18,
37
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42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Giordano Vitale, Italian mathematician (d. 1711)",
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22555,
14003407,
35542
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Benedetto Gennari II, Italian painter (d. 1715)",
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22568,
32976505,
38627
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[
1,
11
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13,
33
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[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 Esaias Fleischer, Danish priest (d. 1697)",
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22333,
28899621,
36178
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1,
11
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13,
29
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 29 Antonio Magliabechi, Italian librarian (d. 1714)",
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22435,
1899327,
38550
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1,
11
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13,
32
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[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 2 George Gordon, 15th Earl of Sutherland, Scottish noble (d. 1703)",
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21461,
41534100,
34897
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
51
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey (d. 1703)",
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21760,
27631218,
34897
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
45
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70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (d. 1695)",
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21447,
317252,
34896
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1,
12
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14,
52
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87,
91
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Gesina ter Borch, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1690)",
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21763,
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34719
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1,
12
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[
14,
30
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61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Étienne de Carheil, French Jesuit priest, missionary to the Iroquois and Huron Indians (d. 1726)",
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21575,
9048480,
35855
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[
1,
12
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14,
32
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105,
109
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist (d. 1705)",
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21581,
9205263,
38638
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
40
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch painter (d. 1707)",
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8334,
571375,
34709
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1,
12
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14,
45
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65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Jean de Lamberville, French missionary (d. 1714)",
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8452,
6486958,
38550
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
33
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[
57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 29",
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8893
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Le Pelletier, French polygraph and alchemist (d. 1711)",
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49196840,
35542
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1,
18
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johannes Zollikofer, Swiss vicar (d. 1692)",
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38648
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1,
20
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42
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},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet, English politician (d. 1708)",
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38634
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1,
32
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 Polykarp Leyser II, German theologian (b. 1586)",
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38593
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1,
11
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13,
31
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55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Elizabeth Stanley, Countess of Huntingdon, English noblewoman and writer (b. 1588)",
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16025,
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35147
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1,
11
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13,
54
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90,
94
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)",
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19346,
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35051
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1,
8
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10,
24
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54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 3 Magnus Brahe, Swedish noble (b. 1564)",
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19633,
2306339,
34660
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1,
8
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10,
22
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42,
46
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Scipione Dentice, Neapolitan keyboard composer (b. 1560)",
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2483,
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35145
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1,
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62,
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[
1,
6
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20
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[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16 Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1547)",
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19659,
36146860,
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
39
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[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein, German count (b. 1560)",
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19684,
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
55
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[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June Étienne Brûlé, French explorer (b. c. 1592)",
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267573,
35529
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[
7,
20
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45,
49
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]
},
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"plaintext": " June 11 Johannes Crellius, PolishGerman theologian (b. 1590)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
27
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 14 Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø (1622–1633) (b. 1570)",
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15797,
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1,
8
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[
10,
62
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79,
83
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]
},
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1,
7
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[
9,
40
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[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
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15863,
1631236,
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
20
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50,
54
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]
},
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1,
8
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10,
43
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[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Trijntje Keever, Dutchwoman, presumed to have been the tallest woman ever (b. 1616)",
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15996,
18913247,
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1,
8
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[
10,
25
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[
88,
92
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},
{
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1,
9
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[
11,
23
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[
25,
49
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
26
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 12 ",
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1491
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (b. 1561)",
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161918,
35101
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[
1,
12
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[
35,
39
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ulrik of Denmark, Danish prince-bishop (b. 1611)",
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28005017,
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[
1,
17
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Gertrude More, English nun (b. 1606)",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
25
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[
43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Countess Palatine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (b. 1553)",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
43
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[
88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland (b. c. 1575)",
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554473,
38603
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12,
45
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[
53,
57
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Richard Cecil, English politician (b. 1570)",
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33595229,
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
27
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Joam Mattheus Adami, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1576)",
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38601
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
34
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Bernardino de Almansa Carrión, Spanish Catholic prelate and Archbishop (b. 1579)",
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48748397,
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],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
44
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 Scipione Borghese, Italian Catholic cardinal and art collector (b. 1577)",
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22527,
931785,
38600
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
29
],
[
79,
83
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Jean Titelouze, French organist (b. c.1562)",
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22345,
444564,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Horio Tadaharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1596)",
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22403,
1744566,
35058
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 Lucio Massari, Italian painter (b. 1569)",
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21764,
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],
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Cornelis Drebbel, Dutch inventor (b. 1572)",
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21667,
723777,
34686
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 8",
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"target_page_ids": [
21759
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Xu Guangqi, Chinese astronomer, Roman Catholic convert, mathematician, scholar, scientist and servant of God (b. 1562)",
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1559834,
606848,
38662
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[
1,
11
],
[
33,
47
],
[
114,
118
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Lüneburt (1611–1633) (b. 1566)",
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26918597,
34889
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[
1,
38
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 14 William Ames, English philosopher (b. 1576)",
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21762,
33823,
38601
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (b. 1566)",
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8357,
558253,
34889
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
21,
43
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 Theodoor Galle, Flemish engraver (b. 1571)",
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8194,
27688071,
35079
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Hortensio Félix Paravicino, Spanish preacher and poet from the noble house of Pallavicini (b. 1580)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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8633,
217367,
38597
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
108,
112
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 or December 27 Meletius Smotrytsky, Ruthenian religious activist and author (b. 1577)",
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8322,
8452,
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38600
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[
1,
12
],
[
16,
27
],
[
29,
48
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Maria Maddalena de' Medici, Italian princess (b. 1600)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8198,
14378707,
35017
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
63,
67
]
]
}
]
| [
"1633"
]
| 6,870 | 381 | 121 | 263 | 0 | 0 | 1633 | year | []
|
35,163 | 1,094,470,988 | 1070s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 1070s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1070, and ended on December 31, 1079. ",
"section_idx": 0,
"section_name": "Introduction",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Omar Khayyam",
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92550
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William the Conqueror",
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33917
],
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[
1,
22
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Qa'im",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091265
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alp Arslan Seljuk sultan",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
868
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Malik-Shah I Seljuk sultan",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
376903
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
]
]
}
]
| [
"1070s"
]
| 83,349 | 260 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1070s | decade | []
|
35,164 | 1,107,591,161 | 1071 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1071 (MLXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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],
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[
11,
16
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24,
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[
102,
117
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 22 William IX (the Troubador), duke of Aquitaine (d. 1127)",
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22571,
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1,
11
],
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13,
23
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[
49,
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[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ibn al-Qalanisi, Arab politician and chronicler (d. 1160)",
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1,
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53,
57
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Adelaide of Eilenburg, German noblewoman",
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1,
11
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13,
34
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[
43,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Frozza Orseolo, German noblewoman (b. 1015)",
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11164,
34954709,
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1,
12
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14,
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 (killed at the Battle of Cassel): ",
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11009,
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Arnulf III, count of Flanders (House of Flanders)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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1,
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22,
30
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32,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
440570,
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1,
19
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25,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 Manuel Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat",
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1974,
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[
1,
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11,
26
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},
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"plaintext": " May 24 Wulfhild of Norway, duchess of Saxony (b. 1020)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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[
1,
7
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[
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27
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[
40,
46
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 Lambert II Suła, archbishop of Kraków ",
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10
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12,
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43,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Arab scholar (b. 1002)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Almodis de la Marche, French nobleman",
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"target_page_ids": [
22556,
1484325
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
33
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Moorish judge (b. 978)",
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
49,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Domenico I Contarini, doge of Venice",
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9304605,
613492
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[
1,
21
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[
31,
37
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Durand de Bredons, French abbot and bishop",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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13992134,
1143
],
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[
1,
18
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[
27,
32
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Edwin (or Ēadwine), earl of Mercia",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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2311609,
38769
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[
1,
6
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[
29,
35
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Eleanor of Normandy, countess of Flanders (b. 1010)",
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16459898,
36282
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[
1,
20
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Fujiwara no Yorimichi, Japanese nobleman (b. 992)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1328482,
36244
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[
1,
22
],
[
46,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Geoffrey of Hauteville, Norman military leader",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
4327359
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Guido da Velate (or Guy), archbishop of Milan",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
12360014,
1733438
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
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[
41,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry II, count of Leuven (House of Reginar)",
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[
1,
9
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[
20,
26
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[
28,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ibn Zaydún, Andalusian poet and writer (b. 1003)",
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10660518,
35902
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[
1,
11
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[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Isabella of Urgell, queen consort of Aragon",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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21564599,
586776
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[
1,
19
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[
38,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Crispin, Norman mercenary leader",
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6286768
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[
1,
15
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Malet, Norman nobleman (approximate date)",
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289926
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[
1,
14
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}
]
| [
"1071"
]
| 19,432 | 315 | 13 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 1071 | year | []
|
35,165 | 1,094,470,995 | 1060s | [
{
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{
"plaintext": " William the Conqueror",
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33917
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1,
22
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{
"plaintext": " Harold Godwinson",
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40148
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1,
17
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{
"plaintext": " Harald Hardrada",
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66054
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[
1,
16
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{
"plaintext": " Edward the Confessor",
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40243
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1,
21
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{
"plaintext": " Edgar the Ætheling",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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54218
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[
1,
19
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tostig Godwinson",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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92892
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[
1,
17
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Qa'im",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091265
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tughril",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
579872
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[
1,
8
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alp Arslan",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
868
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[
1,
11
]
]
}
]
| [
"1060s"
]
| 81,206 | 326 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1060s | decade | []
|
35,166 | 1,094,470,911 | 1170s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 1170s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1170, and ended on December 31, 1179.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Saladin also known as Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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26983
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[
1,
8
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Mustadi caliph of Baghdad",
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"target_page_ids": [
1091289
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[
1,
11
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"plaintext": " Pope Alexander III",
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"target_page_ids": [
23793
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[
1,
19
]
]
}
]
| [
"1170s"
]
| 82,273 | 289 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1170s | decade | []
|
35,167 | 1,081,414,717 | 900s_(decade) | [
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Mu'tadid",
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1091224
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[
1,
12
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{
"plaintext": " Ali al-Muktafi",
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1091235
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15
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"plaintext": " Al-Muqtadir",
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1091240
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[
1,
12
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{
"plaintext": " Leo VI of Byzantium",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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253441
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Badr al-Mu'tadidi military leader",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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41315702
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[
1,
18
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},
{
"plaintext": " Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz",
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5146271
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[
1,
24
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]
| [
"900s"
]
| 276,002 | 362 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 900s | decade | [
"900-909",
"900–909"
]
|
35,168 | 1,102,972,169 | 1100s_(decade) | [
{
"plaintext": "The 1100s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1100, and ended on December 31, 1109.",
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{
"plaintext": " Henry I of England",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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14179
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[
1,
19
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Su Song",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1861611
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Mustazhir",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091272
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Berkyaruq",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
3617879
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
}
]
| [
"1100s"
]
| 170,032 | 542 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1100s | decade | []
|
35,169 | 1,081,415,136 | 910s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 910s decade ran from January 1, 910, to December 31, 919.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Ash'ari",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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1866960
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[
1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muqtadir Abbasid caliph",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091240
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Leo VI of Byzantium",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
253441
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
}
]
| [
"910s"
]
| 276,443 | 186 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 910s | decade | []
|
35,170 | 1,094,471,239 | 920s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 920s decade ran from January 1, 920, to December 31, 929.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Ash'ari",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1866960
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[
1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muqtadir Abbasid caliph",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091240
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Constantine VII Byzantine emperor",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
253480
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
]
]
}
]
| [
"920s"
]
| 82,254 | 210 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 920s | decade | []
|
35,171 | 1,094,471,220 | 930s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 930s decade ran from January 1, 930, to December 31, 939.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Muqtadir",
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1091240
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Constantine VII",
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253480
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1,
16
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pope John XI",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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363857
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pope Leo VII",
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37667
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Qahir",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091241
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[
1,
9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Radi",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091244
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[
1,
8
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Ash'ari",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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1866960
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
}
]
| [
"930s"
]
| 79,796 | 207 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 930s | decade | []
|
35,172 | 1,081,419,800 | 940s | [
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Radi Abbasid caliph",
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1091244
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Abd al-Rahman III caliph of Córdoba",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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2678
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[
1,
18
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Constantine VII of Byzantium",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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253480
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muttaqi caliph of Baghdad",
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1091248
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Mustakfi caliph of Baghdad",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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1091253
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Qa'im of Fatimid dynasty",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
2149692
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah of Fatimid dynasty",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
2143764
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muti caliph of Baghdad",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091260
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
}
]
| [
"940s"
]
| 83,049 | 214 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 940s | decade | []
|
35,173 | 1,094,471,189 | 950s | [
{
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{
"plaintext": " Abd al-Rahman III caliph of Córdoba",
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2678
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1,
18
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},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muti caliph of Baghdad",
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1091260
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1,
8
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"plaintext": " Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah of Fatimid dynasty",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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2100593
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1,
23
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},
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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363851
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[
1,
14
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]
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{
"plaintext": " Pope Agapetus II",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
23827
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
]
]
}
]
| [
"950s"
]
| 81,113 | 218 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 950s | decade | []
|
35,174 | 1,094,471,174 | 960s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 960s decade ran from January 1, 960, to December 31, 969.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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{
"plaintext": " Abd al-Rahman III caliph of Córdoba",
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2678
],
"anchor_spans": [
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1,
18
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Otto I of Holy Roman empire",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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25605367
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[
1,
7
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]
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Muti caliph of Baghdad",
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1091260
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
8
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Hakam II caliph of Córdoba",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
597423
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah of Fatimid dynasty",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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2100593
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
23
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]
},
{
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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363851
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1,
14
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pope Benedict V",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
24011
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1,
16
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pope Leo VIII",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
37185
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
]
]
}
]
| [
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]
| 80,747 | 282 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 960s | decade | []
|
35,175 | 1,094,471,157 | 970s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 970s decade ran from January 1, 970, to December 31, 979.",
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{
"plaintext": " Mar Abdisho I, Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, held position 963–986",
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268342
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33,
60
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"plaintext": " Eric the Red (950–1003), Norse Explorer",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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85836
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[
1,
13
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]
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{
"plaintext": " Richard I of Normandy (933–996), Duke of Normandy, r. 942–996",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
912351
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mieszko I of Poland (945?–992), Duke of Poland, r. c.960–992",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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20597,
26288
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1,
20
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33,
47
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Vladimir of Kiev (958-1015), Kievan Prince and future Grand Prince of Kievan Rus",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
40575
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
17
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hisham II caliph of Córdoba",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091102
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Aziz Billah Fatimid caliph of Cairo",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
2118565
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Al-Muti caliph of Baghdad",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091260
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
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{
"plaintext": " At-Ta'i caliph of Baghdad",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
1091262
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[
1,
8
]
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]
| [
"970s"
]
| 81,670 | 186 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 970s | decade | []
|
35,176 | 1,094,471,147 | 980s | [
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"plaintext": "The 980s decade ran from January 1, 980, to December 31, 989.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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},
{
"plaintext": " At-Ta'i",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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1091262
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1,
8
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},
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"plaintext": " Pope John XV",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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363836
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1,
13
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]
| [
"980s"
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| 82,283 | 318 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 980s | decade | []
|
35,177 | 1,094,471,135 | 990s | [
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"plaintext": "The 990s decade ran from January 1, 990, to December 31, 999.",
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{
"plaintext": " Al-Qadir",
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1091264
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1,
9
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"plaintext": " Mahmud of Ghazni",
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1,
17
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"plaintext": " Pope John XV",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
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363836
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1,
13
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"plaintext": " Pope Gregory V",
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"section_name": "Significant people",
"target_page_ids": [
24196
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
15
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]
| [
"990s"
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| 80,754 | 446 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 990s | decade | []
|
35,178 | 1,106,825,891 | 955 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 955 (CMLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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10,
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22,
52
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113
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"plaintext": " May 10 Al-Aziz Billah, caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate (d. 996)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Aboazar Lovesendes, Portuguese nobleman (approximate date)",
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{
"plaintext": " Ælfric of Eynsham, English abbot and writer (approximate date)",
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"plaintext": " Eido I (or Ägidius), German nobleman and bishop (d. 1015)",
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"plaintext": " Ezzo (or Ehrenfried), Count Palatine of Lotharingia (Germany) (approximate date)",
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"plaintext": " Gisela of Burgundy, duchess of Bavaria (approximate date)",
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"plaintext": " Gunther of Bohemia, German hermit and saint (d. 1045)",
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"plaintext": " Lutgardis of Luxemburg, countess of Holland (Netherlands)",
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"plaintext": " July 23 He Ning, Chinese official and chancellor (b. 898)",
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"plaintext": " August 10 ",
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"plaintext": " Bulcsú, Hungarian tribal chieftain (horka)",
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"plaintext": " November 23 Eadred (or Edred), king of England (b. 923)",
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"plaintext": " Abu 'Ali Chaghani, ruler of Chaghaniyan (Turkmenistan)",
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{
"plaintext": " Bermudo Núñez, count of Cea (Spain) (approximate date)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Gamle Eirikssen, Norwegian Viking ruler (b. 910)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Hervé I, count of Mortagne and Perche",
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"plaintext": " Lehel, Hungarian tribal chieftain (horka)",
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"plaintext": " Muhammad ibn Shaddad, Shaddadid ruler",
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},
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"plaintext": " Parantaka I, ruler of Chola Kingdom (India)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan, Kara-Khanid ruler",
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| [
"955"
]
| 23,579 | 372 | 22 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 955 | year | []
|
35,179 | 1,008,776,812 | 991 | [
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"plaintext": " Guido Monaco, Italian monk and music theorist (or 992)",
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"plaintext": " Aleramo, marquess of Montferrat and Liguria",
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"plaintext": " Al-Muqaddasi, Arab Muslim geographer",
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"plaintext": " Ashot-Sahak, king of Vaspurakan (Armenia)",
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"plaintext": " Bakjur, Hamdanid mercenary and governor ",
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"plaintext": " Gausfred I, count of Empúries and Roussillon",
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"plaintext": " Ibn Babawayh, Persian Shi'ite scholar",
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"plaintext": " Meng Xuanzhe, prince of Later Shu (b. 937)",
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"plaintext": " Nakatsukasa, Japanese waka poet (b. 912)",
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"plaintext": " Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu, Japanese nobleman (b. 921)",
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"plaintext": " Pan Mei, Chinese general and statesman",
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"plaintext": " Taira no Kanemori, Japanese nobleman",
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"plaintext": " Ya'qub ibn Killis, Fatimid vizier (b. 930)",
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| [
"991"
]
| 24,097 | 356 | 18 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 991 | year | []
|
35,180 | 1,097,650,906 | AD_1 | [
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"plaintext": " Amanishakheto, queen of Kush (Nubia)",
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35,182 | 1,092,059,938 | AD_3 | [
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"plaintext": "AD 3 (III) or 3 AD was a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Monday of the proleptic Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was the Year of the Consulship of Lamia and Servilius (or, less frequently, year 756 Ab urbe condita). The denomination \"AD 3\" for this year has been used since the early medieval period when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Wang Mang foils a plot by his son, Wang Yu, his brother-in-law, Lu Kuan, and the Wei clan to oust him from the regent's position. Wang Yu and Lu Kuan are killed in the purge that follows.",
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"plaintext": " Ban Biao, Chinese historian and official (d. AD 54)",
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"plaintext": " Tiberius Claudius Balbilus, Roman politician and astrologer (d. AD 79)",
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"plaintext": " Bao Xuan, Chinese politician of the Han Dynasty",
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| 19,636 | 774 | 8 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 3 | year | [
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|
35,183 | 1,090,202,903 | AD_4 | [
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"plaintext": "AD 4 was a common year starting on Wednesday or a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Catus and Saturninus (or, less frequently, year 757 Ab urbe condita). The denomination \"AD 4\" for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Namhae Chachaung succeeds Bak Hyeokgeose as king of the Korean kingdom of Silla (traditional date).",
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"plaintext": " Emperor Ping of Han marries Empress Wang (Ping), daughter of Wang Mang, cementing his influence.",
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"plaintext": " Wang Mang is given the title \"superior duke\".",
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"plaintext": " Nicolaus of Damascus writes the 15-volume History of the World.",
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"plaintext": " Possible date Jesus, Jewish preacher and religious leader (executed c. AD 30/33)",
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"plaintext": " February 21 Gaius Caesar, son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (b. 20 BC)",
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"plaintext": " June 26 Ariobarzanes II, Roman client king of Armenia (b. 40 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Hyeokgeose, Korean king of Silla (b. 75 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, Roman consul",
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{
"plaintext": "Ab urbe condita",
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]
| 19,620 | 905 | 13 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 4 | year | [
"IV"
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|
35,184 | 1,078,047,887 | AD_5 | [
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"plaintext": " Rome acknowledges Cunobelinus, king of the Catuvellauni, as king of Britain.",
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"plaintext": " The Germanic tribes of Cimbri and Charydes send ambassadors to Rome.",
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"plaintext": " Agrippina the Elder marries Germanicus, her second cousin.",
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"plaintext": " Habib the Carpenter, Syrian disciple, martyr",
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| 19,610 | 782 | 9 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 5 | year | [
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|
35,185 | 1,097,840,351 | AD_6 | [
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| 19,774 | 707 | 13 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 6 | year | [
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|
35,186 | 1,050,190,087 | AD_7 | [
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| 23,344 | 557 | 3 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 7 | year | [
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35,187 | 1,081,007,677 | AD_8 | [
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| 23,348 | 828 | 8 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 8 | year | [
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|
35,188 | 1,096,011,413 | AD_10 | [
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| 23,176 | 607 | 4 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 10 | year | [
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|
35,189 | 1,097,967,990 | AD_11 | [
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| [
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| 23,515 | 288 | 3 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 11 | year | [
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|
35,190 | 1,101,101,705 | AD_12 | [
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| [
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| 23,378 | 350 | 5 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 12 | year | [
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|
35,191 | 1,062,736,030 | 1634 | [
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"plaintext": " March 11 Nicholas Gassaway, Colonel, Maryland Provincial Forces (d. 1691)",
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"plaintext": " March 18 Marie-Madeleine de La Fayette, French novelist (d. 1693)",
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"plaintext": " March 20 Balthasar Bekker, Dutch minister and author of philosophical and theological works (d. 1698)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 23 Philip Smythe, 2nd Viscount Strangford, English Member of Parliament (d. 1708)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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"plaintext": " April 3 Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Polish noble (d. 1702)",
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2224
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1,
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"plaintext": " John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, German duke (d. 1704)",
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1568396,
38624
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1,
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
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31184148,
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[
1,
6
],
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20
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45,
49
]
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},
{
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8452183,
38641
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[
1,
6
],
[
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43
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
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41310399,
38627
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
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15794,
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
44
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
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15797,
27619133,
34709
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
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15818,
69530,
38657
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 27 Andreas Cleyer, German physician, pharmacist, botanist, and trader of the Dutch East India Company (d. 1698)",
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15801,
12586775,
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
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[
113,
117
]
]
},
{
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15848,
33387126,
38627
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
71
],
[
106,
110
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 8 Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory (d. 1680)",
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15874,
432032,
34927
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
42
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (d. 1686)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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7358174,
38649
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
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68
]
]
},
{
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"target_page_ids": [
16018,
738963,
38631
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
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16090,
1930984,
34896
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 23 Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1705)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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16181,
14393900,
38638
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
39
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 12 Adam Colonia, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1685)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1491,
30970879,
34976
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
24
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Johann Daniel Major, German professor of theoretical medicine (d. 1693)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1448,
15483770,
38647
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Mary Eastey, American witch (d. 1692)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1629,
13656430,
38648
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
23
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 Paul Amman, German physician, botanist (d. 1691)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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2484656,
34895
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
22
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Robert South, English churchman known for his combative preaching (d. 1716)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27765,
491647,
35059
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Thomas Tryon, British hat maker (d. 1703)",
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27948,
1855162,
34897
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Sir Richard Bulkeley, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1685)",
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27949,
23083442,
34976
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
47
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Merseburg (1650–1691) (d. 1701)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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38641
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
69
],
[
121,
125
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Jan van Neck, Dutch painter (d. 1714)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22367,
26016374,
38550
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
25
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Luca Giordano, Italian late Baroque painter and printmaker in etching (d. 1705)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22545,
221468,
38638
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Giuseppe Ghezzi, Italian painter (d. 1721)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21758,
10553823,
35859
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (d. 1700)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21667,
16224459,
38642
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Paulet St John, 3rd Earl of Bolingbroke, English politician (d. 1711)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21806,
29701072,
35542
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
53
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Richard Slater, English politician (d. 1699)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21580,
29374745,
38644
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Roger Toothaker, victim of the Salem witch trials (d. 1692)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21448,
11498132,
38648
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Marie Luise von Degenfeld, morganatic second wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of Germany (d. 1677)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21579,
2284748,
1468438,
35057
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
39
],
[
67,
100
],
[
116,
120
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop (d. 1703)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8145,
2530967,
34897
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 Mariana of Austria (d. 1696)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8728,
1130360,
38645
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Hotta Masatoshi, Japanese rōjū to Shōgun Tokugawa Ietsuna (d. 1684)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8204,
10805245,
38650
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 Albert Szenczi Molnár, Hungarian translator (b. 1574)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15920,
41538395,
34759
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
34
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 15 Anna Maria of Ostfriesland, German noblewoman (b. 1601)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11020,
4169935,
35080
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian general (assassinated) (b. 1583)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
10930,
247386,
38595
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
38
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea, English countess (b. 1556)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20210,
7680764,
38666
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
54
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Maria Celeste, Italian nun, daughter of Galileo Galilei (b. 1600)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1777,
1388082,
29688374,
35017
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
50,
65
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Giovanni Srofenaur, Italian musician (b. 1580)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2224,
24607964,
38597
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 George Chapman, English author (b. c.1559)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19497,
314809,
38665
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 15 (bur.) Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (b. 1585)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19674,
14067,
35837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
16,
33
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 22 Johann von Aldringen, Austrian field marshal (b. 1588)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15857,
317671,
35147
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 John Marston, English dramatist (b. 1576)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15799,
559225,
38601
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Francesco de' Medici, Tuscan prince (b. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15804,
24644977,
35102
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 9 William Noy, English jurist (b. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1027,
197277,
38600
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
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[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1591)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2192,
4942457,
38589
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
56
],
[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 Urbain Grandier, French priest (b. 1590)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1496,
252680,
38590
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 3 Edward Coke, English colonial entrepreneur and jurist (b. 1552)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27989,
151475,
38668
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Frederick III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27948,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
60
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1607)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28178,
31650678,
35087
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
40
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 6 Otto Louis of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen, Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War (b. 1597)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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22542,
32774969,
34718
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
49
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Francis Julius of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince (b. 1584)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22543,
34955660,
38594
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
44
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Agnes of Jesus, French Catholic nun (b. 1602)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22568,
30414965,
35083
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 14 Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp, Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (b. 1569)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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21762,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
89,
93
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 19 Alexander Charles Vasa, 5th son of King Sigismund III Vasa (b. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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21574,
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52608,
35102
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
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[
54,
72
],
[
77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Anna Maria of Solms-Sonnewalde, Countess consort of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (b. 1585)",
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21575,
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35837
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
44
],
[
91,
95
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza, Spanish noble and admiral (b. 1580)",
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8396,
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38597
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
71
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[
103,
107
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Lettice Knollys, English noblewoman (b. 1543)",
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8270,
1113573,
34943
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
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54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop (b. 1612)",
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8893,
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35098
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (b. 1568)",
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149103,
34960
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[
1,
18
],
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41,
45
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},
{
"plaintext": " Johan Bara, Dutch painter, engraver (b. c. 1581)",
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38596
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1,
11
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44,
48
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]
| [
"1634"
]
| 6,872 | 416 | 124 | 262 | 0 | 0 | 1634 | year | []
|
35,192 | 1,039,247,297 | 1635 | [
{
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"plaintext": " January 8 Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish Archbishop of Toledo (d. 1709)",
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"plaintext": " January 13 Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (d. 1705)",
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"plaintext": " January 25 Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (d. 1683)",
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"plaintext": " February 2 William Godolphin, English politician (d. 1696)",
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"plaintext": " February 18 Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (d. 1680)",
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"plaintext": " February 21 Thomas Flatman, British artist (d. 1688)",
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{
"plaintext": " February 25 Walrad, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, German prince and founder of the line of Nassau-Usingen (d. 1702)",
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"plaintext": " March 2 Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons, Italian noble (d. 1673)",
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10,
43
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[
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67
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{
"plaintext": " March 4 Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory, English countess (d. 1688)",
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1,
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10,
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{
"plaintext": " March 10 Jan van Buken, Flemish painter (d. 1690)",
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " March 15 Sulaiman Shikoh, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1662)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Patrick Gordon, Scottish-born Russian general, rear admiral (d. 1699)",
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1,
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11,
25
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[
75,
79
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 16 Frans van Mieris the Elder, Dutch Golden Age genre and portrait painter (d. 1681)",
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1,
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11,
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[
87,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 Edward Stillingfleet, British theologian and scholar (d. 1699)",
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1974,
1106185,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
31
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[
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 William Harbord, British politician (d. 1692)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 4 Willem van Outhoorn, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1720)",
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1,
6
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27
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[
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61
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{
"plaintext": " May 6 Johann Joachim Becher, German chemist (d. 1682)",
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{
"plaintext": " May 9 Augustus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg (d. 1699)",
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1,
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]
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{
"plaintext": " May 26 Sir Thomas Lee, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1691)",
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1,
7
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 3 Philippe Quinault, French writer (d. 1688)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Federico Caccia, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1699)",
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1,
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10,
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],
[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Theodor Undereyk, German theologian (d. 1693)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 Patrick Chaworth, 3rd Viscount Chaworth, Irish politician (d. 1693)",
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1,
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],
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10,
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],
[
72,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 21 Laurent d'Arvieux, French traveler (d. 1702)",
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1,
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[
10,
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 11 Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer, German jurist (d. 1699)",
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10,
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[
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Jacques Bruyas, French missionary (d. 1712)",
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[
1,
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10,
24
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Francine Descartes, daughter of French philosopher Rene Descartes (d. 1640)",
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1,
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[
10,
28
],
[
61,
75
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[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 23 Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (d. 1660)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
34
],
[
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87
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16040,
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
22
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1645–1692) and Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1692–1706) (d. 1706)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
43
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 9 Philip Traherne, British book collector (d. 1686)",
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1,
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11,
26
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[
55,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman and royal favourite (d. 1699)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
29
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[
72,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 Pieter Spierinckx, Flemish painter (d. 1711)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
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12,
29
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Armand de Camboust, duc de Coislin, French lieutenant général (d. 1702)",
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1,
12
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14,
48
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84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Joseph Mezger, Austrian Benedictine (d. 1683)",
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1,
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],
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14,
27
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (d. 1713)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
12
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14,
38
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[
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65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Andrzej Stech, Polish painter (d. 1697)",
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1,
12
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14,
27
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52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Peter Colleton, English politician (d. 1694)",
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[
1,
13
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29
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[
54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Joana, Princess of Beira, Portuguese infanta (princess) (d. 1653)",
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1,
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 7",
"section_idx": 2,
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"target_page_ids": [
22446
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christopher Comstock, American settler (d. 1702)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
39715288,
38639
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
21
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Roger de Piles, French painter (d. 1709)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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6735375,
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Constantin Ranst de Jonge, son of Hieronimus Rans(t) (1607–1660) (d. 1714)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
38
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[
82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Johann Michael Vansleb, German theologian (d. 1679)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
11
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13,
35
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59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 Johann Sturm, German philosopher (d. 1703)",
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21764,
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1,
11
],
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13,
25
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Sir John Carew, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1692)",
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21758,
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38648
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1,
11
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Justus Danckerts, Dutch artist (d. 1701)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21447,
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
30
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[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (d. 1663)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
48
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[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 19 Mingju, Qing Dynasty statesman (d. 1708)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
20
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Francis Willughby, English biologist (d. 1672)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
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55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV of France (d. 1719)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
56
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73,
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[
97,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Sir William Twysden, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1697)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
46
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Valentin Alberti, Silesian philosopher, theologian (d. 1697)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
30
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[
69,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Ottaviano Jannella, Italian sculptor (d. 1661)",
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1,
12
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14,
32
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Elizabeth Stuart, second daughter of King Charles I of England (d. 1650)",
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34974
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
30
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[
81,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (d. 1702)",
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1,
12
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14,
34
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[
57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": "Date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Betterton, English actor (d. 1710)",
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"anchor_spans": [
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1,
17
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37,
41
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Franco Burgersdijk, Dutch logician (b. 1590)",
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},
{
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Iravikkutti Pillai, Venad leader in India (b. 1603)",
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| [
"1635"
]
| 6,879 | 380 | 123 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 1635 | year | []
|
35,193 | 1,085,260,546 | 1637 | [
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"plaintext": " January Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy Le Cid is first performed, in Paris, France.",
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"plaintext": " Scottish army officer Robert Monro publishes Monro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys in London, the first military history in English.",
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"plaintext": " Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (d. 1708)",
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1,
39
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73,
77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Paget, 6th Baron Paget, English peer and ambassador (d. 1713)",
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4656835,
38632
],
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[
1,
31
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65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 11 Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (d. 1718)",
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11184,
26987317,
38630
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
39
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[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Jan Swammerdam, Dutch biologist and microscopist (d. 1680)",
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11158,
164968,
34927
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 13 Denis Granville, English priest (d. 1703)",
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11170,
30652717,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (d. 1708)",
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11010,
23579052,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 Thomas Watson, Bishop of St. David's (d. 1717)",
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19346,
12873321,
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1709)",
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19516,
29228803,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Jan van der Heyden, Dutch Baroque-era painter (d. 1712)",
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20314,
1606900,
38633
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Fitz-John Winthrop, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (d. 1707)",
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20199,
26467051,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
29
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Anne of England, daughter of King Charles I (d. 1640)",
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20223,
763561,
34893
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Samuel Pitiscus, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1727)",
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19849,
5136820,
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Sir William Whitmore, 2nd Baronet, English politician and baronet (d. 1699)",
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1008,
29733011,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
43
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 16",
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1334
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Jacques Clérion, French sculptor who worked mainly for King Louis XIV (d. 1714)",
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14375186,
38550
],
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[
1,
21
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johan Vibe, Norwegian noble (d. 1710)",
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26310892,
35945
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
33,
37
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 Mateo Cerezo, Spanish artist (d. 1666)",
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2196,
18180293,
36223
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 13 Giacinto Cestoni, Italian naturalist (d. 1718)",
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19675,
8178922,
38630
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 John Kyrle, British philanthropist (d. 1724)",
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2343786,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
19
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Louis Laneau, French bishop active in the kingdom of Siam (d. 1696)",
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19653,
18151549,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 1 Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer (d. 1675)",
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15856,
266221,
38657
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 Tamura Muneyoshi, Japanese daimyō of the Iwanuma Domain (d. 1678)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15796,
16779302,
38654
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 21 Asano Tsunaakira, Lord of Hiroshima Domain (d. 1673)",
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15819,
14077294,
38659
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 22",
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15857
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Takatsukasa Fusasuke, Japanese court noble of the early Edo period (d. 1700)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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12777220,
38642
],
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[
1,
21
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. 1717)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21437566,
38629
],
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[
1,
55
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joseph Werner, Swiss painter (d. 1710)",
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21904850,
35945
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Christophe Veyrier, French sculptor (d. 1689)",
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15799,
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36185
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 24 Nathaniel Fairfax, English divine and physician (d. 1690)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15888,
30805113,
34719
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (d. 1706)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1448,
4202921,
38636
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
54
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19 Roemer Vlacq, Dutch naval commander (d. 1703)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1497,
35036263,
34897
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
24
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 20 Cornelis van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck, first Dutch governor of Suriname (d. 1688)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
18933271,
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34733
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
49
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 23 Francis Turner, British bishop (d. 1700)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1628,
18018868,
38642
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1715)",
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1013,
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38627
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
48
],
[
50,
79
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Nicolas Catinat, French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV (d. 1712)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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27530,
280870,
38633
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 James Brodie, Scottish politician (d. 1708)",
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28145,
46565566,
38634
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
27
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 Elisha Cooke, Sr., Massachusetts colonial politician and judge (d. 1715)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27650,
25104413,
38627
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
32
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Sébastien Leclerc, French painter (d. 1714)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28178,
25535952,
38550
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
32
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 3 George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (d. 1720)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22347,
12878,
34945
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
47
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 Paul Fugger von Kirchberg und Weißenhorn, German politician (d. 1701)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22554,
29343651,
38641
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
53
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 22 Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (d. 1685)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22571,
458527,
34976
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
46
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Lorenzo Magalotti, Italian philosopher (d. 1712)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22345,
24746595,
38633
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Al-Mahdi Muhammad, Yemeni imam (d. 1718)",
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22434,
24815778,
38630
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 Juan Francisco de la Cerda, 8th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish politician (d. 1691)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21805,
30408923,
34895
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
63
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (d. 1702)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21806,
18675566,
38639
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche, French nobleman (d. 1673)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21580,
12089798,
38659
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French ecclesiastical historian (d. 1698)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21577,
762963,
38643
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
50
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Edmund Andros, English colonial administrator in North America (d. 1714)",
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"target_page_ids": [
8352,
250831,
38550
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7",
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"target_page_ids": [
8144
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Neile, English mathematician and founder member of the Royal Society (d. 1670)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21605403,
35082
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bernardo Pasquini, Italian composer of operas (d. 1710)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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214087,
35945
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville (d. 1710)",
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8714,
1456221,
35945
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
73
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 19 Sir William Leman, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1701)",
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8848,
32854897,
38641
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
44
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 24 Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (d. 1713)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8359,
308129,
38632
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Petar Kanavelić, Venetian writer (d. 1719)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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8452,
24792540,
38631
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 William Cave, English divine (d. 1713)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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8677,
2288105,
38632
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby, Baroness Ellesmere and Viscountess Brackley (b. 1559)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15990,
25596130,
38665
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
90
],
[
95,
99
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 15 Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1578)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11020,
151083,
38599
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
46
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1580)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20196,
2531109,
38597
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
42
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20197
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Cornelius a Lapide, Flemish Jesuit exegete (b. 1567)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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11323543,
38606
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anders Arrebo, Danish writer (b. 1587)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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33878171,
38592
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[
1,
14
],
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34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (b. 1570)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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20316,
2818597,
38604
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
24
],
[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Fernando Afán de Ribera, duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, Spanish diplomat (b. 1583)",
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18951826,
30277715,
38595
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
64
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[
87,
91
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord (b. 1571)",
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1011,
1206433,
35079
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1,
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre, English peer and MP (b. 1575)",
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1,
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68
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]
},
{
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1,
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23
],
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65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 Jiří Třanovský, Czech priest and musician (b. 1592)",
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59
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]
},
{
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52
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]
},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 1 Christopher von Dohna, German politician and scholar (b. 1583)",
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},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, German bishop (b. 1563)",
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68
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]
},
{
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21
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46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Johann Gerhard, German Lutheran leader (b. 1582)",
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]
},
{
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1,
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88
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 Robert Fludd, English mystic (b. 1574)",
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],
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14,
26
],
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Louise de Bourbon, French noble (b. 1603)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 14",
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27947
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Theodoor Rombouts, Flemish painter (b. 1597)",
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[
1,
18
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40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre Vernier, French mathematician (b. 1580)",
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754249,
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1,
15
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1602)",
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1,
13
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15,
51
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (b. 1580)",
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1,
13
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70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint (b. c.1600)",
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27934,
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1,
13
],
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15,
27
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50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Daniel Cramer, German theologian (b. 1568)",
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1,
10
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12,
25
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 7 Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1587)",
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1,
10
],
[
12,
43
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Johann Rudolf Stadler, Swiss clock-maker (b. 1605)",
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1,
11
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34
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62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Laurens Reael, Dutch admiral (b. 1583)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
],
[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Robert Caesar, English politician (b. 1602)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
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[
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55
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 26",
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21581
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Andries de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. 1573)",
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1,
16
],
[
18,
34
],
[
38,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Humilis of Bisignano, Italian Franciscan friar and saint (b. 1582)",
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],
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[
1,
21
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62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 Nicholas Ferrar, English trader (b. 1592)",
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[
1,
11
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13,
28
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 19 Christina of Lorraine, Tuscan regent (b. 1565) ",
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
35
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[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 24 Juan López de Agurto de la Mata, Spanish Catholic prelate (b. 1572)",
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8359,
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34686
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
76,
80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker (b. 1564)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
34
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55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Christian, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1588–1637) (b. 1585)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
51
],
[
68,
72
]
]
}
]
| [
"1637"
]
| 6,889 | 526 | 144 | 361 | 0 | 0 | 1637 | year | []
|
35,195 | 1,093,646,326 | 1639 | [
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1,
10
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacob Knijff, Dutch painter (d. 1681)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Thomas Spencer, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1685)",
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"plaintext": " January 5 Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck, Swedish military officer (d. 1688)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 16 John Proby, English politician (d. 1710)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 Sir Francis Lee, 4th Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1667)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 19 Noël Alexandre, French theologian and ecclesiastical historian (d. 1724)",
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1,
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13,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Hungerford Dunch, English politician (d. 1680)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Gover Le Buen, Dutch revolutionary fighter (d. 1712)",
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64
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 31 Duke Bernhard of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, German-Danish general (d. 1676)",
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96
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Alessandro Melani, Italian composer (d. 1703)",
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11
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13,
30
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (d. 1691)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Juan García de Salazar, Spanish Baroque composer (d. 1710)",
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35945
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1,
12
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Claude Estiennot de la Serre, French historian (d. 1699)",
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12
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[
14,
42
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Adriaen van Bloemen, Flemish painter, printmaker, draughtsman and engraver (d. 1697)",
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1,
12
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14,
33
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97
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, English nobleman (d. 1672)",
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1,
8
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (d. 1709)",
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38635
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1,
9
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[
11,
22
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Elanor Allerton, English-born American colonist (d. 1674)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
26
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[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (k. 1682)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
30
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (d. 1712)",
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38633
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1,
9
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11,
24
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Joan Leonardsz Blasius, Dutch writer (d. 1672)",
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38660
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1,
9
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11,
33
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 16 Alessandro Baratta, Italian painter, engraver (d. 1714)",
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1334,
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38550
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[
1,
9
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11,
29
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Johann Benedict Carpzov II, German theologian (d. 1699)",
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2734,
7965257,
38644
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1,
9
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11,
37
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 François Nepveu, French Jesuit writer on ascetical subjects (d. 1708)",
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1416,
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38634
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
26
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[
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79
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (d. 1709)",
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19353,
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38635
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[
1,
6
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[
8,
32
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[
106,
110
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Peleg Sanford, Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1701)",
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19629,
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
22
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[
59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 19 Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland, English nobleman (d. 1665)",
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19632,
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1,
7
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[
9,
45
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68,
72
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 Laura Martinozzi, Duchess consort of Modena (d. 1687)",
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7
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25
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57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 21 Increase Mather, American minister (d. 1723)",
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15819,
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1,
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10,
25
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49,
53
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{
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"plaintext": " January 24 Georg Jenatsch, Swiss politician (b. 1596)",
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"plaintext": " April 1 Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, German Duke (b. 1597)",
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"plaintext": " April 2 Nicolaes Olycan, Dutch businessman (b. 1599)",
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"plaintext": " April 6 ",
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"plaintext": " Berlinghiero Gessi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1563)",
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"plaintext": " John Matthew Rispoli, major Maltese philosopher of great erudition (b. 1582)",
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"plaintext": " May 21 Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (b. 1568)",
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"plaintext": " June 1 Melchior Franck, German composer (b. c. 1579)",
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"plaintext": " August 4 Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Mexican dramatist (b. c. 1571)",
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"plaintext": " August 6 Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger, Danish architect (b. 1587)",
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"plaintext": " August 21 Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt, Duke of Bernstadt (16171639) (b. 1592)",
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"plaintext": " September 20 Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1579)",
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"plaintext": " September 28 Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, French Catholic Cardinal (b. 1593)",
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"plaintext": " October 8 Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond, British duchess (b. 1578)",
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"plaintext": " October 28 Stefano Landi, Italian composer (b. 1587)",
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"plaintext": " November 3 Martin de Porres, Peruvian monk, Roman Catholic saint (b. 1579)",
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"plaintext": " November 4 Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea, Member of Parliament (b. 1578)",
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"plaintext": " November 26 John Spottiswoode, Scottish historian (b. 1565)",
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"plaintext": " December 15 Muzio Oddi, Italian mathematician (b. 1569)",
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"plaintext": " December 17 Nils Turesson Bielke, Swedish politician (b. 1569)",
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"plaintext": " December 25 John Christian of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (b. 1591)",
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"plaintext": " Date unknown Madeleine du Fargis, French courtier",
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| [
"1639"
]
| 6,897 | 712 | 118 | 258 | 0 | 0 | 1639 | year | []
|
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"plaintext": "100BaseVG was originally proposed by Hewlett-Packard, ratified by the IEEE in 1995 and was practically extinct by 1998. In 2001 IEEE recorded the status of its 100BaseVG standard as being a \"Withdrawn Standard\" (defined as \"A standard which is no longer maintained and which may contain significant obsolete or erroneous information.\")",
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"plaintext": "100BaseVG started in the IEEE 802.3 committee as Fast Ethernet. One faction wanted to keep carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) in order to keep it pure Ethernet, even though the collision domain problem limited the distances to one tenth that of 10BASE-T. Another faction wanted to change to a polling architecture from the hub (they called it \"Demand Priority Protocol\") in order to maintain the 10BASE-T distances, and also to make it a deterministic protocol. The first faction argued that, since IEEE 802.3 was the Ethernet committee, it was not the place to develop a different protocol. Thus, the IEEE 802.12 committee was formed and standardized 100BaseVG.",
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"plaintext": "The physical layer requires four twisted pairs of \"voice-grade\" cabling for a link, so category 3 cables or better can be used. While control signaling uses two pairs for each direction simultaneously, all four pairs are switched to a single direction during data transmission, as required and defined during control signaling. This makes 100BaseVG an inherently half-duplex medium like e.g. 10BASE5 (yet faster) but without the CSMA/CD drawbacks.",
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"plaintext": "100BaseVG also supports full-duplex operation over optical fiber or over two pairs of shielded twisted pair.",
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"plaintext": "Instead of following the Fast Ethernet standard for twisted pair cabling by using only 2 pairs of wires, 100VG-AnyLAN used all four pairs in either Category 3 or Category 5 twisted pair cable. The design goals were to avoid the radio frequency radiation emitted at the higher frequencies required by Fast Ethernet and to leverage existing wiring installations of Category 3 cabling that most organizations had recently installed to support 10 megabit twisted-pair Ethernet. This had the additional advantage of being less susceptible to external sources of RF interference such as other network cables, fluorescent lights, and high power lines. They multiplexed the signal across all 8 wires thereby lowering the frequency and making it more robust. This presented a problem with early installations that borrowed one unused twisted pair for telephone traffic but those installations were uncommon.",
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"plaintext": "When Ethernet became Fast Ethernet, it continued to use the CSMA/CD mechanism to manage traffic on the network cable. 100VG took advantage of the token passing concept that made ARCNET and Token Ring popular in order to provide consistent performance no matter how large the network became. It removed the token passing responsibility from the wiring and network nodes and placed it internal to the 100VG-AnyLAN hubs. These hubs contained the rotating token that never left the hub itself. When a node wanted to transmit data, it would raise a bit on its hub port connection that indicated to the hub that it was ready. As the token passed by a ready hub port, it would then open up traffic to that node. Because the token stayed within the hub, it did not have to traverse long cables going to every node as in ARCNET and Token Ring, thereby becoming faster than those other deterministic networking standards and being less susceptible to cabling problems, network card failures, and line interference. Real-life load testing showed 100VG-AnyLAN reaching 95% of its theoretical network speed instead of about 45% as in Fast Ethernet when using hubs. Fast Ethernet switches were not commonplace at first because of high cost and limited availability so, initially, 100VG had a significant performance advantage.",
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| 492,788 | 249 | 12 | 20 | 0 | 0 | IEEE 802.12 | Ethernet variant | [
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|
35,200 | 1,071,193,238 | 10BASE2 | [
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"plaintext": "10BASE2 (also known as cheapernet, thin Ethernet, thinnet, and thinwire) is a variant of Ethernet that uses thin coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors to build a local area network. ",
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"plaintext": "During the mid to late 1980s this was the dominant 10Mbit/s Ethernet standard, but due to the immense demand for high speed networking, the low cost of Category 5 cable, and the popularity of 802.11 wireless networks, both 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 have become increasingly obsolete, though devices still exist in some locations. As of 2011, IEEE 802.3 has deprecated this standard for new installations.",
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"plaintext": "The name 10BASE2 is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The 10 comes from the transmission speed of 10Mbit/s. The BASE stands for baseband signalling, and the 2 for a maximum segment length approaching 200m (the actual maximum length is 185m).",
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"plaintext": "10 Mbit/s Ethernet uses Manchester coding. A binary zero is indicated by a low-to-high transition in the middle of the bit period and a binary one is indicated by a high-to-low transition in the middle of the bit period. Manchester coding allows the clock to be recovered from the signal. However, the additional transitions associated with it double the signal bandwidth.",
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"plaintext": "10BASE2 coax cables have a maximum length of . The maximum practical number of nodes that can be connected to a 10BASE2 segment is limited to 30 with a minimum distance of between devices. In a 10BASE2 network, each stretch of cable is connected to the transceiver (which is usually built into the network adaptor) using a BNC T-connector, with one stretch connected to each female connector of the T. The T-connector must be plugged directly into the network adaptor with no cable in between.",
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"plaintext": "As is the case with most other high-speed buses, Ethernet segments have to be terminated with a resistor at each end. Each end of the cable has a 50 ohm (Ω) resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a male BNC and attached to the last device on the bus. This is most commonly connected directly to the T-connector on a workstation. If termination is missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the AC signal on the bus is reflected, rather than dissipated, when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision, so no communication can take place.",
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"plaintext": "Some terminators have a metallic chain attached to them for grounding purposes. The cable should be grounded at one end. Grounding the terminators at both may produce a ground loop and can cause network outages or data corruption when swells of electricity traverse the coaxial cabling's outer shield.",
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"plaintext": "When wiring a 10BASE2 network, special care has to be taken to ensure that cables are properly connected to all T-connectors. Bad contacts or shorts are especially difficult to diagnose. A failure at any point of the network cabling tends to prevent all communications. For this reason, 10BASE2 networks can be difficult to maintain and were often replaced by 10BASE-T networks, which (provided category 5 cable or better was used) also provided a good upgrade path to 100BASE-TX.",
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"plaintext": "10BASE2 networks cannot generally be extended without breaking service temporarily for existing users and the presence of many joints in the cable also makes them very vulnerable to accidental or malicious disruption. There were proprietary systems that claimed to avoid these problems (e.g. SaferTap) but these never became widespread, possibly due to a lack of standardization. 10BASE-T can be extended by making a new connection to a hub. A fault in a one hub connection does not necessarily compromise other connections to the hub.",
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"plaintext": "10BASE2 systems do have a number of advantages over 10BASE-T. No hub is required as with 10BASE-T, so the hardware cost is minimal, and wiring can be particularly easy since only a single wire run is needed, which can be sourced from the nearest computer. These characteristics mean that 10BASE2 is ideal for a small network of two or three machines, perhaps in a home where easily concealed wiring may be an advantage. For a larger complex office network, the difficulties of tracing poor connections make it impractical. Unfortunately for 10BASE2, by the time multiple home computer networks became common, the format had already been practically superseded by 10BASE-T.",
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"plaintext": "10BASE2 uses RG-58A/U cable or similar for a maximum segment length of 185m as opposed to the thicker RG-8-like cable used in 10BASE5 networks with a maximum length of 500m. The RG-58 type wire used by 10BASE2 in addition to being smaller and much more flexible than the specialized RG-8 variant, was also inexpensive.",
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"plaintext": "An Ethernet network interface controller (NIC) may include the 10BASE2 transceivers and thus directly provide a 10BASE2 BNC connector (that the T-connector plugs into), or it may offer an AUI connector that external transceivers (see Medium Attachment Unit) can connect to. These can be transceivers for 10BASE2, but also for 10BASE5 or 10BASE-T. Some NICs offer both BNC and AUI connectors, or other combinations including BNC and 10BASE-T. With multiple connections, only one connector is designed to be used at the same time.",
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"plaintext": " List of network buses",
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| [
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| 169,033 | 3,803 | 75 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 10BASE2 | once dominant 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standard | [
"Thin Ethernet",
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"Cheapernet",
"thin Ethernet"
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|
35,201 | 1,079,235,113 | 10BASE5 | [
{
"plaintext": "10BASE5 (also known as thick Ethernet or thicknet) was the first commercially available variant of Ethernet. The technology was standardized in 1982 as IEEE 802.3. 10BASE5 uses a thick and stiff coaxial cable up to in length. Up to 100 stations can be connected to the cable using vampire taps and share a single collision domain with 10Mbit/s of bandwidth shared among them. The system is difficult to install and maintain.",
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"plaintext": "10BASE5 was superseded by much cheaper and more convenient alternatives: first by 10BASE2 based on a thinner coaxial cable, and then, once Ethernet over twisted pair was developed, by 10BASE-T and its successors 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T. In 2003, the IEEE 802.3 working group deprecated 10BASE5 for new installations.",
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"plaintext": "The name 10BASE5 is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The 10 refers to its transmission speed of 10Mbit/s. The BASE is short for baseband signaling (as opposed to broadband), and the 5 stands for the maximum segment length of .",
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"plaintext": "For its physical layer 10BASE5 uses cable similar to RG-8/U coaxial cable but with extra braided shielding. This is a stiff, diameter cable with an impedance of 50ohms, a solid center conductor, a foam insulating filler, a shielding braid, and an outer jacket. The outer jacket is often yellow-to-orange fluorinated ethylene propylene (for fire resistance) so it often is called \"yellow cable\", \"orange hose\", or sometimes humorously \"frozen yellow garden hose\". 10BASE5 coaxial cables had a maximum length of . Up to 100 nodes could be connected to a 10BASE5 segment.",
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"plaintext": "Transceiver nodes can be connected to cable segments with N connectors, or via a vampire tap, which allows new nodes to be added while existing connections are live. A vampire tap clamps onto the cable, a hole is drilled through the outer shielding, and a spike is forced to pierce the outer three layers and contact the inner conductor while other spikes bite into the outer braided shield. Care is required to keep the outer shield from touching the spike; installation kits include a \"coring tool\" to drill through the outer layers and a \"braid pick\" to clear stray pieces of the outer shield.",
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"plaintext": "Transceivers should be installed only at precise 2.5-meter intervals. This distance was chosen to not correspond to the signal's wavelength; this ensures that the reflections from multiple taps are not in phase. These suitable points are marked on the cable with black bands. The cable is required to be one continuous run; T-connections are not allowed.",
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"plaintext": "As is the case with most other high-speed buses, segments must be terminated at each end. For coaxial-cable-based Ethernet, each end of the cable has a 50ohm resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a male N connector and attached to the cable's end just past the last device. With termination missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the signal on the bus will be reflected, rather than dissipated when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision and prevents communication.",
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"plaintext": "Adding new stations to the network is complicated by the need to pierce the cable accurately. The cable is stiff and difficult to bend around corners. One improper connection can take down the whole network and finding the source of the trouble is difficult.",
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"plaintext": " EAD-socket",
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| [
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| 169,045 | 3,216 | 56 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 10BASE5 | first commercially available variant of Ethernet | [
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|
35,202 | 1,105,157,268 | 1641 | [
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{
"plaintext": " May Juan Núñez de la Peña, Spanish historian (d. 1721)",
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{
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},
{
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},
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66
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Bernard de la Monnoye, French lawyer (d. 1728)",
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10,
31
],
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Jan Claus, leading Quaker in Amsterdam (d. 1729)",
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},
{
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113,
117
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Pierre Cholonec, French Jesuit missionary and biographer in New France (d. 1723)",
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],
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 30 Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, English general (d. 1719)",
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1,
8
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10,
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78
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 9 Jan Jansen Bleecker, Mayor of Albany, New York (d. 1732)",
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[
1,
7
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[
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28
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Juan de Santiago y León Garabito, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Guadalajara and Bishop of Puerto Rico (d. 1694)",
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
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[
122,
126
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 William Boynton, English politician (d. 1689)",
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1,
8
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10,
25
],
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Sir William Thomas, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1706)",
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[
1,
8
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41
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[
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80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 30 Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)",
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[
1,
8
],
[
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26
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[
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66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August John Hathorne, American magistrate (d. 1717)",
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430363,
38629
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[
9,
22
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52
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Jacob Bobart the Younger, English botanist (d. 1719)",
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9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Hildebrand Alington, 5th Baron Alington, Irish peer (d. 1723)",
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[
1,
9
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11,
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 28 Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg (1662–1701) (d. 1701)",
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1,
10
],
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12,
46
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67
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Jean Barbier d'Aucour, French lawyer and satirist (d. 1694)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
35
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72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, English diplomat (d. 1702)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
52
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79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese Tokugawa shōgun (d. 1680)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
30
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bohemian noble (d. 1689)",
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27650,
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
53
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[
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78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Henri Arnaud, pastor of the Waldensians in Piedmont (d. 1721)",
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28148,
1916371,
35859
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
27
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Titus van Rijn, Dutch art dealer (d. 1668)",
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
29
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[
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56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Nehemiah Grew, English plant anatomist and physiologist (d. 1712)",
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1,
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15,
28
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 Hans Adam von Schöning, German general (d. 1696)",
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22340,
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1,
10
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[
12,
34
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[
55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, mistress of Louis XIV of France (d. 1707)",
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34709
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1,
10
],
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12,
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73,
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],
[
97,
101
]
]
},
{
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[
1,
10
],
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12,
44
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[
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73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Wolfgang Printz, German composer (d. 1717)",
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22367,
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],
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1,
11
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[
13,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14",
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22525
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz (d. 1675)",
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34730709,
38657
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[
1,
53
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93,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joachim Tielke, German musical instrument maker (d. 1719)",
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"target_page_ids": [
9577400,
38631
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1,
15
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Philip Skippon, English naturalist and Member of Parliament (d. 1691)",
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34895
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1,
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13,
27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Empress Xiaohuizhang, Qing Dynasty empress and consort of the Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1718)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
33
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[
104,
108
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Edward Lake, English churchman (d. 1704)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
25
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53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 14 Albert Anton, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1662–1710) (d. 1710)",
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1,
12
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14,
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81
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 André, marquis de Nesmond, French naval commander (d. 1702)",
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21798,
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1,
12
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14,
39
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Anthonie Heinsius, Dutch statesman (d. 1720)",
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34945
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1,
12
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14,
31
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Louis, Count of Armagnac, French noble (d. 1718)",
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38630
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1,
11
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13,
37
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56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Jean-Louis Bergeret, holder of the 8th seat of the Académie française (d. 1694)",
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1,
12
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14,
33
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist (d. 1724)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
26
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52
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Pier Simone Fanelli, Italian painter (d. 1703)",
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1,
12
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14,
33
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59
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre Allix, French Protestant clergyman (d. 1717)",
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38629
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[
1,
13
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Diego Ladrón de Guevara, viceroy of Peru (d. 1718)",
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38630
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Dodo von Knyphausen, German nobleman (d. 1698)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " January 3 Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. c. 1618)",
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1,
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12,
29
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 9 Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate, German noble (b. 1632)",
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34990
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1,
10
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12,
47
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66,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 ",
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15847
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Juan de Jáuregui, Spanish poet and painter (b. 1583)",
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38595
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[
1,
17
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (b. 1563)",
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389811,
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[
1,
19
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42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 15 Sara Copia Sullam, Italian poet and writer (b. 1592)",
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11020,
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35529
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12
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14,
31
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61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Krisztina Nyáry, Hungarian noblewoman (b. 1604)",
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11164,
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1,
12
],
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14,
29
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Francesco Usper, Italian composer (b. 1561)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
29
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[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Pau Claris i Casademunt, Catalan ecclesiastic (b. 1586)",
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11310,
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38593
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
37
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64,
68
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Xu Xiake, Chinese adventurer and geographer (b. 1587)",
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20053,
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1,
8
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10,
18
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58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Adam, Count of Schwarzenberg, German politician (b. 1583)",
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1,
9
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11,
39
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Claude Bernard, French priest (b. 1588)",
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20210,
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1,
9
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11,
25
],
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45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Domenico Zampieri (Domenichino), Italian painter (b. 1581)",
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
41
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63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Richard Montagu, English clergyman (b. 1577)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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35,203 | 1,107,583,610 | Ethernet_over_twisted_pair | [
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"plaintext": "Ethernet over twisted-pair technologies use twisted-pair cables for the physical layer of an Ethernet computer network. They are a subset of all Ethernet physical layers.",
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"plaintext": "1000BASE-T uses all four pairs bi-directionally using hybrid circuits and cancellers. Data is encoded using 4D-PAM5; four dimensions using pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) with five voltages, −2V, −1V, 0V, +1V, and +2V. While +2V to −2V may appear at the pins of the line driver, the voltage on the cable is nominally +1V, +0.5V, 0V, −0.5V and −1V.",
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"plaintext": "100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T were both designed to require a minimum of category 5 cable and also specify a maximum cable length of . Category 5 cable has since been deprecated and new installations use Category 5e.",
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"plaintext": "10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX require only two pairs (pins 1–2, 3–6) to operate. Since common Category 5 cable has four pairs, it is possible to use the spare pairs (pins 4–5, 7–8) in 10- and 100-Mbit/s configurations for other purposes. The spare pairs may be used for power over Ethernet (PoE), for two plain old telephone service (POTS) lines, or for a second 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX connection. In practice, great care must be taken to separate these pairs as 10/100-Mbit/s Ethernet equipment electrically terminates the unused pins (\"Bob Smith Termination\"). Shared cable is not an option for Gigabit Ethernet as 1000BASE-T requires all four pairs to operate.",
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"plaintext": "In addition to the more computer-oriented two and four-pair variants, the 10BASE-T1, 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1 single-pair Ethernet physical layers are intended for industrial and automotive applications or as optional data channels in other interconnect applications. The single pair operates at full duplex and has a maximum reach of (100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1 link segment type A) or up to (1000BASE-T1 link segment type B) with up to four in-line connectors. Both physical layers require a balanced twisted pair with an impedance of 100Ω. The cable must be capable of transmitting 600MHz for 1000BASE-T1 and 66MHz for 100BASE-T1. 2.5 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, and 10 Gb/s over a 15m single pair is standardized in 802.3ch-2020. As of 2021, the P802.3cy Task Force is examining having 25, 50, 100Gb/s speeds at lengths up to 11m.",
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"plaintext": "Similar to PoE, Power over Data Lines (PoDL) can provide up to 50W to a device.",
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"plaintext": " 8P8C modular connector: For stationary uses in controlled environments, from homes to datacenters, this is the dominant connector. Its fragile locking tab otherwise limits its suitability and durability. Bandwidths supporting up to Cat 8 cabling are defined for this connector format.",
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " M12X: This is the M12 connector designated for Ethernet, standardized as IEC 61076-2-109. It is a 12mm metal screw that houses 4 shielded pairs of pins. Nominal bandwidth is 500MHz (Cat 6A). The connector family is used in chemically and mechanically harsh environments such as factory automation and transportation. Its size is similar to the modular connector.",
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"plaintext": " ix Industrial: This connector is designed to be small yet strong. It has 10 pins and a different locking mechanism than the modular connector. Standardized as IEC 61076-3-124, its nominal bandwidth is 500MHz (Cat 6A).",
"section_idx": 4,
"section_name": "Connectors",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Single-pair defines its own connectors:",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " IEC 63171-1 “LC”: This is a 2-pin connector with a similar locking tab to the modular connector, if thicker.",
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"section_name": "Connectors",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " IEC 63171-6 “industrial”: This standard defines 5 2-pin connectors that differ in their locking mechanisms and one 4-pin connector with dedicated pins for power. The locking mechanisms range from a metal locking tab to M8 and M12 connectors with screw or push-pull locking. The 4-pin connector is only defined with M8 screw locking.",
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"plaintext": "Ethernet over twisted-pair standards up through Gigabit Ethernet define both full-duplex and half-duplex communication. However, half-duplex operation for gigabit speed is not supported by any existing hardware. Higher speed standards, 2.5GBASE-T up to 40GBASE-T running at 2.5 to 40Gbit/s, consequently define only full-duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by network switches, and do not support the traditional shared-medium CSMA/CD operation.",
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449,
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{
"plaintext": "Many different modes of operations (10BASE-T half-duplex, 10BASE-T full-duplex, 100BASE-TX half-duplex, etc.) exist for Ethernet over twisted pair, and most network adapters are capable of different modes of operation. Autonegotiation is required in order to make a working 1000BASE-T connection.",
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{
"plaintext": "When two linked interfaces are set to different duplex modes, the effect of this duplex mismatch is a network that functions much more slowly than its nominal speed. Duplex mismatch may be inadvertently caused when an administrator configures an interface to a fixed mode (e.g. 100Mbit/s full-duplex) and fails to configure the remote interface, leaving it set to autonegotiate. Then, when the auto-negotiation process fails, half-duplex is assumed by the autonegotiating side of the link.",
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"section_name": "Autonegotiation and duplex",
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{
"plaintext": " Classic Ethernet",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " 25-pair color code",
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"section_name": "See also",
"target_page_ids": [
392357
],
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[
1,
19
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Copper cable certification",
"section_idx": 7,
"section_name": "See also",
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10014466
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[
1,
27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ethernet extender",
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"section_name": "See also",
"target_page_ids": [
4239505
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
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},
{
"plaintext": " Network isolator",
"section_idx": 7,
"section_name": "See also",
"target_page_ids": [
22435060
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "How to create your own Ethernet Cables",
"section_idx": 10,
"section_name": "External links",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
}
]
| [
"Ethernet_cables",
"Physical_layer_protocols",
"Local_loop"
]
| 102,039,327 | 18,044 | 174 | 84 | 0 | 0 | Ethernet over twisted pair | ethernet physical layers using twisted-pair cables | []
|
35,204 | 1,106,534,359 | 1410 | [
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| [
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| 6,151 | 396 | 44 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1410 | year | []
|
35,205 | 1,097,954,289 | AD_13 | [
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| [
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| 23,411 | 291 | 4 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 13 | year | [
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|
35,206 | 1,086,663,482 | AD_15 | [
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| [
"15"
]
| 23,591 | 287 | 7 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 15 | year | [
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|
35,207 | 1,050,193,906 | AD_16 | [
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"plaintext": " Clemens, Roman slave and impostor (executed by Tiberius) ",
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| [
"16"
]
| 23,763 | 304 | 7 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 16 | year | [
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|
35,208 | 1,077,937,327 | AD_17 | [
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"plaintext": "AD 17 (XVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 770 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 17 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " An earthquake in Anatolia destroys the city of Sardis and damages several other cities.",
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"plaintext": " Antiochus III, King of Commagene",
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| [
"17"
]
| 23,602 | 281 | 9 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 17 | year | [
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|
35,209 | 1,098,160,553 | AD_18 | [
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"plaintext": " Wang Lang, Chinese emperor",
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]
| [
"24"
]
| 23,857 | 256 | 2 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 24 | year | [
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|
35,215 | 1,061,020,243 | AD_27 | [
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"plaintext": "AD 27 (XXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Piso and Frugi (or, less frequently, year 780 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 27 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Using the dates and ranges listed in the Gospel of Luke, this year can be established as when John the Baptist begins preaching in the Jordan. It is also likely that Jesus was baptised by John in the final months of this year before his temptation and the first of three Passovers listed in the Gospel of John.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger, Roman nobleman (b. AD 4)",
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]
| [
"27"
]
| 2,360 | 463 | 7 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 27 | year | [
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]
|
35,216 | 1,019,562,300 | AD_28 | [
{
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],
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],
[
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},
{
"plaintext": " The Frisians negotiate a treaty with the Roman Empire at the River Rhine, avoiding conquest.",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " King Daru of Baekje succeeds to the throne of Baekje in the Korean peninsula.",
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},
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"plaintext": " According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 3:1-2), the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus begin at the earliest in this year, and more likely in AD 29.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Ming of Han, Chinese emperor (d. AD 75)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Julia Berenice, Jewish client queen of Judea",
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{
"plaintext": " Silius Italicus, Roman consul and epic poet",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Onjo of Baekje, Korean king ",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
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]
},
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"section_name": "References",
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"anchor_spans": []
}
]
| [
"28"
]
| 24,816 | 273 | 5 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 28 | year | [
"28 AD",
"781 AUC"
]
|
35,217 | 1,098,470,915 | AD_29 | [
{
"plaintext": "AD 29 (XXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Geminus and Geminus (or, less frequently, year 782 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 29 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Agrippina the Elder is exiled to the island of Pandataria, and her sons (except Caligula) are imprisoned by Lucius Aelius Sejanus.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Aulus Plautius, later military leader of the invasion of Britain under Emperor Claudius, becomes suffect consul alongside Lucius Nonius Asprenas.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 3:1-2), the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus probably began in this year. Jesus baptized by John the Baptist.",
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],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jesus executed according to Roman Catholic tradition.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gaius Fufius Geminus, Roman plebeian tribune and consul",
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"plaintext": " Julia the Younger, granddaughter of Augustus (b. 19 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Livia, wife of Augustus and mother of Tiberius (b. 58 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Jesus. (b. c. 4 BC)",
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},
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"anchor_spans": []
}
]
| [
"29"
]
| 23,866 | 315 | 6 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 29 | year | [
"782 AUC",
"29 AD"
]
|
35,218 | 1,074,112,536 | AD_30 | [
{
"plaintext": "AD 30 (XXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vinicius and Longinus (or, less frequently, year 783 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 30 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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238
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"plaintext": " The Kushan Empire is founded (approximate date).",
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},
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"plaintext": " 7 April (Good Friday) Jesus is crucified (according to one dating scheme). He is later reported alive by his disciples.",
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],
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Agrippina the Elder (the wife of Germanicus) and two of her sons, Nero Julius Caesar and Drusus Caesar, are arrested and exiled on orders of Lucius Aelius Sejanus (the prefect of the Praetorian Guard), and later starved to death in suspicious circumstances. In Sejanus's purge of Agrippina the Elder and her family, her son Caligula, and her three daughters, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla are the only survivors.",
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325,
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[
360,
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],
[
383,
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402,
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},
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"plaintext": " Phaedrus translates Aesop's fables, and composes some of his own.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Velleius Paterculus writes the general history of the countries known in Antiquity.",
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"plaintext": "November 8 Nerva, Roman emperor (d. AD 98)",
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"plaintext": " Jia Kui, Chinese Confucian philosopher (d. AD 101)",
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"plaintext": " Mobon of Goguryeo, Korean king (d. AD 53)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Quintus Petillius Cerialis, Roman general",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " April 7 Jesus of Nazareth, (possible date of the crucifixion) (born circa 4 BC) The other possible dates also supported by scholarly consensus among a survey of 100 published scholarly biblical statements are April 6, AD 31 and April 3, AD 33.",
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220,
225
],
[
230,
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244
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"plaintext": " Shammai, Jewish Talmudic scholar (b. 50 BC)",
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},
{
"plaintext": "30er",
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"anchor_spans": []
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| [
"30"
]
| 23,295 | 826 | 15 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 30 | year | []
|
35,219 | 1,073,403,206 | 16550_UART | [
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"plaintext": "The part was originally made by National Semiconductor. Similarly numbered devices, with varying levels of compatibility with the original National Semiconductor part, are made by other manufacturers. A UART function that is register-compatible with the 16550 is usually a feature of multifunction I/O cards for IBM PC-compatible computers and may be integrated on the motherboard of other compatible computers.",
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"plaintext": " Handshake lines for control of an external modem, controllable by software. ",
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"plaintext": " An interrupt function to the host microprocessor.",
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"plaintext": " An on-chip FIFO buffer for both incoming and outgoing data; this gives the host system more time to respond to an interrupt generated by the UART, without loss of data.",
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"plaintext": "Both the computer hardware and software interface of the 16550 are backward compatible with the earlier 8250 UART and 16450 UART. The current version (since 1995) by Texas Instruments which bought National Semiconductor is called the 16550D.",
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"plaintext": "The 16550A and newer is pin-compatible with the 16450, but the Microsoft diagnostics program (MSD) supplied with MS-DOS 6.x, Windows 9x, Windows Me, and Windows 2000 often report the 16450 chip as an 8250 chip.",
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"plaintext": "One drawback of the earlier 8250 UARTs and 16450 UARTs was that interrupts were generated for each byte received. This generated high rates of interrupts as transfer speeds increased. More critically, with only a 1-byte buffer there is a genuine risk that a received byte will be overwritten if interrupt service delays occur. To overcome these shortcomings, the 16550 series UARTs incorporated a 16-byte FIFO buffer with a programmable interrupt trigger of 1, 4, 8, or 14bytes.",
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"plaintext": "The original 16550 had a bug that prevented this FIFO from being used. National Semiconductor later released the 16550A which corrected this issue. Not all manufacturers adopted this nomenclature, however, continuing to refer to the fixed chip as a 16550.",
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"plaintext": "According to another source, the FIFO issue was corrected only in the 16550AF model, with the A model still being buggy. (The C and CF models are okay too, according to this source.) The 16550AFN model added DMA transfers.",
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},
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"plaintext": "The 16550 also incorporates a transmit FIFO, though this feature is less critical as delays in interrupt service would only result in sub-optimal transmission speeds and not actual data loss.",
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},
{
"plaintext": "The 16550A(F) version was a must-have to use modems with a data transmit rate of 9600baud. Dropouts occurred with 14.4kbit/s (v.32bis and higher) units and as compression was added with v.42 getting more data per interrupt was critical as data speed continued to increase.",
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"plaintext": " Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)",
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"plaintext": " Serial Programming/8250 UART Programming",
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]
| [
"Input/output_integrated_circuits"
]
| 2,602,961 | 2,359 | 18 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 16550 UART | integrated circuit serial port implementation | []
|
35,220 | 1,091,206,033 | 1643 | [
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"plaintext": " August 16 Mumtaz Shikoh, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1647)",
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},
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},
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},
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},
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1,
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79
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},
{
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{
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},
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1,
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]
},
{
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1,
12
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81,
85
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Marco da Gagliano, Italian composer (b. 1582)",
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{
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19346
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1,
8
]
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{
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354114,
38595
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1,
21
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48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Rustam Khan, Georgian-Iranian soldier (b. c. 1588)",
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37868957,
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1,
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50
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (b. 1583)",
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1,
8
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49,
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},
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1009
],
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1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (1606–1643) (b. 1579)",
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46641867,
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1,
32
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
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[
1,
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41,
45
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},
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],
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1,
9
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[
11,
29
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Christoph Demantius, German composer (b. 1567)",
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2195,
1261644,
38606
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1,
9
],
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11,
30
],
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52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 28 ",
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1639
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francisco de Lucena, Portuguese Secretary of State (b. c. 1578)",
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34177994
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1,
20
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philip III, Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach (b. 1581)",
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33765993,
38596
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[
1,
40
],
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45,
49
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},
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"plaintext": " May 14 King Louis XIII of France (b. 1601)",
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[
1,
7
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15,
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40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 François Duquesnoy, Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome (b. 1597)",
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15971,
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1,
8
],
[
10,
28
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[
67,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English statesman (b. 1584)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
59
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[
83,
87
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (b. 1591)",
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318482,
38589
],
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[
9,
24
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 7 Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German noble (b. 1573)",
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44010943,
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
41
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[
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64
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]
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{
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1012
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1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philippe de Carteret II, son of Philippe de Carteret I (1552 (b. 1584)",
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38594
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1,
24
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[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Georg Wirsung, German anatomist (b. 1589)",
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10432532,
38591
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21
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48
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]
},
{
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58183,
34889
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[
1,
13
],
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15,
46
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69,
73
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 20, at the Battle of Newbury:",
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28148
],
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1,
13
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer",
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212782
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1,
35
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon",
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[
1,
37
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland",
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1,
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23,
33
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51
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 Jean Chalette, French painter (b. 1581)",
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30033779,
38596
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1,
10
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25
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46,
50
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 29 Brilliana, Lady Harley, English noble, letter writer and war heroine (b. 1598)",
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22435,
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34928
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1,
11
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13,
35
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86,
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},
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21764
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[
1,
11
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]
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{
"plaintext": " John Bainbridge, English astronomer (b. 1583)",
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143218,
38595
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[
1,
16
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41,
45
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},
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"plaintext": " Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (b. 1577)",
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233695,
38600
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[
1,
12
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " Sun Chuanting, Ming dynasty general (b. 1593)",
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1,
14
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41,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 14 ",
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21762
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
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"plaintext": " Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, English noble (b. 1586)",
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10010577,
38593
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[
1,
39
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[
59,
63
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]
},
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"plaintext": " George Aribert of Anhalt-Dessau, German nobleman (b. 1606)",
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19428718,
35086
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1,
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54,
58
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},
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"plaintext": " November 15 Tachibana Muneshige, Japanese samurai and soldier (b. 1567)",
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38606
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1,
12
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[
14,
33
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant, Marshal of France (b. 1602)",
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21798,
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35083
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12
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 29",
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21578
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1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Cartwright, English dramatist (b. 1611)",
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495461,
34992
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[
1,
19
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43,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (b. 1567)",
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6226,
38606
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[
1,
19
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42,
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},
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"plaintext": " December 8 John Pym, English statesman (b. 1583)",
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156159,
38595
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1,
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13,
21
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45,
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},
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"plaintext": " December 10 Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician",
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8714,
234182
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[
1,
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"plaintext": " December 11 ",
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8396
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1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Arthur Bell, English Franciscan martyr (b. 1590)",
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8109265,
38590
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48
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},
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"plaintext": " Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland, English politician (b. 1591)",
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38589
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12
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31
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78
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},
{
"plaintext": " approx. date Henry Glapthorne, English dramatist (b. 1610)",
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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},
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"plaintext": " Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer and horticulturalist (b. 1556)",
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},
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"plaintext": " María Pita, Spanish heroine (b. 1565)",
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| [
"1643"
]
| 6,917 | 796 | 148 | 293 | 0 | 0 | 1643 | year | []
|
35,221 | 1,081,610,883 | FTZ_1_TR_6 | [
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"plaintext": "FTZ 1TR6 (or 1 TR 6) is the standard for the obsolete German national digital signalling protocol (D channel protocol) used for the ISDN. It has been superseded by DSS1 but is still in use on some lines and private exchanges.",
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"plaintext": "1TR6 did not support multiple subscriber numbers but featured an Endgeräteauswahlziffer (EAZ, German \"user device selection digit\"). ISDN subscribers would get a sequence of 10 subsequent subscriber numbers, the last digit of which being the EAZ. The EAZ \"0\" was used for \"global calls\" to all connected devices.",
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"plaintext": "1TR6 also offered semipermanent connections, which were (comparatively cheap) leased lines that could be temporarily disabled to use the B channel for other purposes.",
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"plaintext": "It is said that the \"TR\" simply stands for \"technische Richtlinie\" (technical guidelines).",
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"plaintext": " .",
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| [
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| 1,389,809 | 17 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | FTZ 1 TR 6 | German national digital signalling protocol formerly used for ISDN | []
|
35,224 | 1,094,839,450 | NS32000 | [
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"plaintext": "The NS32000, sometimes known as the 32k, is a series of microprocessors produced by National Semiconductor. The first member of the family came to market in 1982, briefly known as the 16032 before becoming the 32016. It was the first 32-bit general-purpose microprocessor on the market: the Motorola 68000 could process 32-bit data and use 32-bit addresses but had a 16-bit ALU, whereas the 32000 series was described in 1983 as the only microprocessor available at that time with 32-bit internal data paths and ALU. However, the 32016 contained a large number of bugs and often could not be run at its rated speed. These problems, and the presence of the similar Motorola 68000 which had been available since 1980, led to little use in the market.",
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"plaintext": "Several improved versions followed, including 1985's 32032 which was essentially a bug-fixed 32016 with an external 32-bit data bus. While it offered about 50% better speed than the 32016, it was outperformed by the 32-bit Motorola 68020, released a year prior. The 32532, released in 1987, outperformed the contemporary Motorola 68030 by almost two times, but by this time most interest in microprocessors had turned to RISC platforms and this otherwise excellent design saw almost no use as well.",
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"plaintext": "National was working on further improvements in the 32732, but eventually gave up attempting to compete in the central processing unit (CPU) space. Instead, the basic 32000 architecture was combined with several support systems and relaunched as the Swordfish microcontroller. This had some success in the market before it was replaced by the CompactRISC architecture in mid-1990s.",
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"plaintext": "The NS32000 series traces its history to an effort by National Semiconductor to produce a single-chip implementation of the VAX-11 architecture. The VAX is well known for its highly \"orthogonal\" instruction set architecture (ISA), in which any instruction can be applied to any data. For instance, an instruction might add the contents of two processor registers, or one register against a value in memory, two values in memory, or use the register as an offset against an address. This flexibility was considered the paragon of design in the era of complex instruction set computers (CISC).",
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"plaintext": "National took DEC to court in California to ensure the legality of the design, but when DEC had the lawsuit moved to Massachusetts, DEC's home state, the lawsuit was dropped and the Series 32000 architecture was developed instead. Although the new instruction set architecture was not VAX-11 compatible, it did retain its highly \"orthogonal\" design philosophy. That is, every instruction could be used with any type of data. Articles of the time also referred to this as \"symmetrical\".",
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"plaintext": "The original processor family consisted of the NS16032 CPU and a NS16C032 low-power variant, both having a 16-bit data path and so requiring two machine cycles to load a single 32-bit word. Both could be used with the NS16082 memory management unit, which provided 24-bit virtual memory support for up to 16MB physical memory. The NS16008 was a cut-down version with an 8-bit external data path and no virtual memory support, which had a reduced pin count and was thus somewhat easier to implement.",
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"plaintext": "At the same time, National also announced two future versions, the NS32032 and NS32132. The former was essentially a version of the NS16032 with a 32-bit external data bus, allowing it to read data at twice the rate. This was project to be released in 1984. The NS32132 was a version with a 29-bit internal addresses and 32-bit external, allowing it to address a complete 4GB of memory. It was to be released in 1985.",
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"plaintext": "All of these could also be used with the NS16081 floating point unit.",
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"plaintext": "The processors have 8 general-purpose 32-bit registers, plus a series of special-purpose registers:",
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"plaintext": " Frame pointer",
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"plaintext": " Stack pointer (one each for user and supervisor modes)",
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"plaintext": " Static base register, for referencing global variables",
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"plaintext": " Link base register for dynamically linked modules (object orientation)",
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"plaintext": " Program counter",
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"plaintext": " A typical processor status register, with a low-order user byte and a high-order system byte.",
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"plaintext": "(Additional system registers not listed).",
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"plaintext": "The instruction set is very much in the CISC model, with 2-operand instructions, memory-to-memory operations, flexible addressing modes, and variable-length byte-aligned instruction encoding. Addressing modes can involve up to two displacements and two memory indirections per operand as well as scaled indexing, making the longest conceivable instruction 23 bytes. The actual number of instructions is much lower than that of contemporary RISC processors.",
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"plaintext": "Unlike some other processors, autoincrement of the base register is not provided; the only exception is a \"top of stack\" addressing modes that pop sources and push destinations. Uniquely, the size of the displacement is encoded in its most significant bits: 0, 10 and 11 preceded 7-, 14- and 30-bit signed displacements. (Although the processors are otherwise consistently little-endian, displacements in the instruction stream are stored in big-endian order).",
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"plaintext": "General-purpose operands are specified using a 5-bit field. To this can be added an index byte (specifying the index register and 5-bit base address), and up to 2 variable-length displacements per operand.",
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"plaintext": "The first chip in the series was originally referred to as the 16032, but later renamed 32016 to emphasize its 32-bit internals. This contrasts it with its primary competitor in this space, 1979's Motorola 68000 (68k). The 68k used 32-bit instructions and registers, but its arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which controls much of the overall processing task, was only 16-bit. This meant it had to cycle 32-bit data through the ALU twice to complete an operation. In contrast, the NS32000 has a 32-bit ALU, so that 16-bit and 32-bit instructions take the same time to complete.",
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"plaintext": "The 32016 first shipped in 1982 in a 46-pin DIP package. It may have been the first 32-bit chip to reach mass production and sale (at least according to National's marketing). In a report in a June 1983 publication, however, it was remarked that National was \"promising production quantities this summer\" of 16032 parts, having been \"shipping sample quantities for several months\", with the floating point co-processor sampling \"this month\". Although a 1982 introduction post-dates the 68k by about two years, the 68k was not yet being widely used in the market and the 32016 generated significant interest. Unfortunately, the early versions were filled with bugs and could rarely be run at its rated speed. By 1984, after two years, the errata list still contained items specifying uncontrollable conditions that would result in the processor coming to a halt, forcing a reset.",
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"plaintext": "The original product roadmap envisaged 6MHz and 10MHz parts during 1983 and 12MHz and 14MHz parts during 1984. However, press reports in 1984 indicated difficulties in keeping to this roadmap, with it reportedly having taken five months to increase the frequency of the parts from 6MHz to 8MHz, and with representatives estimating a further \"two, three or five months\" to increase the frequency to 10MHz. Two unspecified chips of the five in the chipset were reported to be the cause of these problems. An early 1985 article about the 32016-based Whitechapel MG-1 workstation noted that the 32081 memory management unit was \"suffering from bugs\" and had been situated on its own board providing hardware fixes. In 1986, Texas Instruments announced a \"fully qualified 10MHz TI32000 32-bit microprocessor chip set\" consisting of the TI32016 CPU and TI32082 memory management unit as 48-pin devices, the TI32201 timing control unit and TI32081 floating-point unit as 24-pin devices, and the TI32202 interrupt control unit as a 40-pin device, with the five-device chipset \"priced at $289 in 100-unit quantities\".",
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"plaintext": "National changed its design methodology to make it possible to get the part into production and a design system based on the language \"Z\" was co-developed with the University of Tel-Aviv, close to the \"NSC\" design centre in Herzliya, Israel. The \"Z\" language is similar to today's Verilog and VHDL, but has a Pascal-like syntax and is optimized for two-phase clock designs. However, by the times the fruit of these efforts were being felt in the design, numerous 68k machines were already on the market, notably the Apple Macintosh, and the 32016 never saw widespread use.",
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"plaintext": "The 32016 has a 16-bit external data bus, a 24-bit external address bus, and a full 32-bit instruction set. It also includes a coprocessor interface, allowing coprocessors such as FPUs and MMUs to be attached as peers to the main processor. The MMU is based on demand paging Virtual Memory, which is the most unusual feature compared to the segmented memory approach used by the competition, and has become the standard for how microprocessors are designed today. The architecture supports an instruction restart mechanism on a page fault, which is much cleaner than the Motorola approach to dump the internal status on a page fault, which has to be read back, before the instruction is continued.",
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"plaintext": "While often compared to the 68k's instruction set, this was rejected by NSC employees; one of the key marketing phrases of the time was \"Elegance is Everything\", comparing the highly orthogonal Series 32000 to the \"kludge\". One key difference is Motorola's use of address registers and data registers, with instructions only working on either address or data registers. The Series 32000 has general-purpose registers, described as \"address-data\" registers in technical documentation.",
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"plaintext": "The 32032 was introduced in 1984. It is almost completely compatible with the 32016, but features a 32-bit data bus (although keeping the 24-bit address bus) for somewhat faster performance, described as \"minicomputer performance\" comparable with that of a VAX-11 system. There was also a 32008, a 32016 with a data bus cut down to 8-bits wide for low-cost applications. It is philosophically similar to the MC68008, and equally unpopular.",
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"plaintext": "National also produced a series of related support chips like the NS32081 Floating Point Unit (FPU), NS32082 Memory Management Units (MMUs), NS32203 Direct Memory Access (DMA) and NS32202 Interrupt Controllers. With the full set plus memory chips and peripherals, it was feasible to build a 32-bit computer system capable of supporting modern multi-tasking operating systems, something that had previously been possible only on expensive minicomputers and mainframes.",
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"plaintext": "In 1985, National Semi introduced the NS32332, a much-improved version of the 32032. From the datasheet, the enhancements include \"the addition of new dedicated addressing hardware (consisting of a high speed ALU, a barrel shifter and an address register), a very efficient increased (20 bytes) instruction prefetch queue, a new system/memory bus interface/protocol, increased efficiency slave processor protocol and finally enhancements of microcode.\" There was also a new NS32382 MMU, NS32381 FPU and the (very rare) NS32310 interface to a Weitek FPA. The aggregate performance boost of the NS32332 from these enhancements only made it 50 percent faster than the original NS32032, and therefore less than that of the main competitor, the MC68020.",
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"plaintext": "National Semi introduced the NS32532 in early 1987. Running at 20-, 25- & 30-MHz, it was a complete redesign of the internal implementation with a five-stage pipeline, an integrated Cache/MMU and improved memory performance, making it about twice as performant as the competing MC68030 and i80386. At this stage RISC architectures were starting to make inroads, and the main competitors became the now equally dead AM29000 and MC88000, which was considered faster than the NS32532. For floating-point, the NS32532 used the existing NS32381 or the NS32580 interface to a Weitek FPA. The NS32532 was the basis of the PC532, a \"public domain\" hardware project, and one of the few to produce a useful machine running a real operating system (in this case, Minix or NetBSD).",
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"plaintext": "The semi-mythical NS32732 (sometimes called NS32764), envisioned as the high-performance successor to the NS32532, never came to the market.",
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"plaintext": "A derivative of the NS32732 called Swordfish was aimed at embedded systems and arrived in about 1990. Swordfish has an integrated floating point unit, timers, DMA controllers and other peripherals not normally available in microprocessors. It has a 64-bit data bus and is internally overclocked from 25 to 50MHz. The chief architect of the Swordfish is Donald Alpert, who went on to manage the architectural team designing the Pentium. The Pentium internal microarchitecture is similar to the preceding Swordfish.",
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"plaintext": "The focus of Swordfish was high-end Postscript laser printers, and performance was exceptional at the time. Competing solutions could render about one new page per minute, but the Swordfish demo unit would print out sixteen pages per minute, limited only by the laser-engine mechanics. On each page it would print out how much time it was idling, waiting for the engine to complete.",
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"plaintext": "The Swordfish die is huge, and it was eventually decided to drop the project altogether, and the product never went into production. The lessons from the Swordfish were used for the CompactRISC designs. In the beginning, there were both a CompactRISC-32 and a CompactRISC-16, designed using \"Z\". National never brought a chip to the market with the CompactRISC-32 core. National's Research department worked with the University of Michigan to develop the first synthesizable Verilog Model, and Verilog was used from the CR16C and onwards.",
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"plaintext": "Versions of the older NS32000 line for low-cost products such as the NS32CG16, NS32CG160, NS32FV16, NS32FX161, NS32FX164 and the NS32AM160/1/3, all based on the NS302CG16 were introduced from 1987 and onwards.",
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"plaintext": "These processors had some success in the laser printer and fax market, despite intense competition from AMD and Intel RISC chips. Especially the NS32CG16 should be noted. The key difference between this and the NS32C016 is the integration of the expensive TCU (Timing Control Unit) which generates the needed two-phase clock from a crystal, and the removal of the floating point coprocessor support, which freed up microcode space for the useful BitBLT instruction set, which significantly improves the performance in laser printer operations, making this 60,000 transistor chip faster than the 200,000 transistor MC68020. The NS32CG160 is the CG16 with timers and DMA peripherals, while the NS32FV/FX16x chips have extra DSP functionality on top of the CG16 BitBLT core for the Fax/Answering Machine market. They are complemented by the NS32532 based NS32GX32 later. Unlike the previous chips, there was no extra hardware. The NS32GX32 is the NS32532 without the MMU sold at an attractive price for embedded system. In the beginning, this was just a remarked chip. It is unclear if the chip was redesigned for lower-cost production.",
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"plaintext": " CompuPro 32016 – NS32016 S-100 Card",
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"plaintext": " General Robotics Corp. Python – NS32032 & N32016 Q-Bus card",
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"plaintext": " Heurikon VME532 – NS32532 VME Card (with cache)",
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"plaintext": " IBM RT PC – Some early models used the NS32081 FPU as a coprocessor for the IBM ROMP microprocessor",
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"plaintext": " Labtam Unix System NS32032 and NS32332 CPUs",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Lauterbach Incircuit Emulator ICE (System Controller 32-bit, first version in 1996, max 16 MB ZIP20-RAM, Z180 to serve Ethernet)",
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{
"plaintext": " National Semiconductor ICM-3216 – NS32016",
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{
"plaintext": " Opus Systems Opus516 Personal Mainframe – NS32016 PC Add-On Board",
"section_idx": 8,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Opus Systems Opus532.32 Personal Mainframe – NS32032 PC Add-On Board",
"section_idx": 8,
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},
{
"plaintext": " PC532 – NS32532",
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"plaintext": " Sequent Balance – NS32016, NS32032 and NS32332 multiprocessor",
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{
"plaintext": " Siemens PC-MX2 – NS32016",
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168632
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{
"plaintext": " Siemens MX300-05/-10/-15/-30 – NS32332 (−05/-10) or NS32532 (−15/-30) under SINIX (MX300-55 and later use i486)",
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{
"plaintext": " Siemens MX500-75/-85 – NS32532 (2-8x CPUs; Sequent Boards / MX500-90 uses 2-12x i486)",
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{
"plaintext": " Symmetric Computer Systems S/375 – NS32016, used to cross-develop 386BSD",
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{
"plaintext": " Syte Information Technology – Unix graphics workstation",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Tektronix 6130 & 6250 Workstation – NS32016 and NS32032",
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"section_name": "Machines using the NS32000 series",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Tolerant Systems Eternity Series – NS32032 w/ NS32016 I/O processor",
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51611160
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{
"plaintext": " Trinity College Workstation – NS32332",
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"section_name": "Machines using the NS32000 series",
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{
"plaintext": " Teklogix 9020 network controller – NS32332",
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{
"plaintext": " Teklogix 9200 network controller – NS32CG160",
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21427238
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},
{
"plaintext": " Whitechapel MG-1 – NS32016",
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16984046
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Whitechapel MG200 – NS32332",
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},
{
"plaintext": "In June 2015, Udo Möller released a complete Verilog implementation of an NS32000 processor on OpenCores. Fully software-compatible with an NS32532 CPU with N32381 FPU, it is significantly faster when implemented on an FPGA, both operating at a higher clock rate and using fewer cycles per instruction.",
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63863,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Trevor G. Marshall, George Scolaro and David L. Rand: The Definicon DSI-32 Coprocessor. Micro Cornucopia, Aug/September 1985,",
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4242506
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106
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},
{
"plaintext": " Trevor G. Marshall, George Scolaro and David L. Rand: The DSI-32 Coprocessor Board. Part 1, BYTE, August 1985, pp 120–136; Part 2, BYTE, September 1985, p 116.",
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33564897
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " Data book NS32000 family (1986)",
"section_idx": 11,
"section_name": "External links",
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},
{
"plaintext": " NS32532",
"section_idx": 11,
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " NS32C032",
"section_idx": 11,
"section_name": "External links",
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},
{
"plaintext": " NS32381",
"section_idx": 11,
"section_name": "External links",
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},
{
"plaintext": " National Semiconductor's Series 32000 Family, an excellent \"fan site\" and home of the M32632 FPGA clone.",
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]
| [
"Instruction_set_architectures",
"National_Semiconductor_microprocessors",
"32-bit_microprocessors"
]
| 1,789,318 | 348 | 68 | 89 | 0 | 0 | NS320xx | family of processors by National Semuconductor | []
|
35,225 | 1,079,684,595 | 1521 | [
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"plaintext": "1521 (MDXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1521st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 521st year of the 2nd millennium, the 21st year of the 16th century, and the 2nd year of the 1520s decade.",
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"plaintext": " April 5 Francesco Laparelli, Italian architect (d. 1570)",
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"plaintext": " April 14 Johann Marbach, German theologian (d. 1581)",
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"plaintext": " December 13 Pope Sixtus V (d. 1590)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer (d. 1603)",
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"plaintext": " Thomas Wyatt the Younger, English rebel (d. 1554)",
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"plaintext": " Catherine Howard, Fifth Queen of Henry VIII of England, (b. between 1518 and 1524; d. 1542)",
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| [
"1521"
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| 6,288 | 1,157 | 101 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 1521 | year | []
|
35,226 | 1,092,206,736 | 1500s_(decade) | [
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| [
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| 44,140 | 1,401 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1500s | decade | []
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35,227 | 1,094,470,333 | 1510s | [
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| [
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| 46,245 | 528 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1510s | decade | []
|
35,228 | 1,094,476,231 | 1560s | [
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|
35,229 | 1,100,083,458 | 1565 | [
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"plaintext": " November 14 Petrus Bertius, Flemish theologian and scientist (d. 1629)",
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"plaintext": " December 2 Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild, Northern Irish politician (d. 1627)",
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635)",
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"plaintext": " Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628)",
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"plaintext": " George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634)",
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"plaintext": " Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646)",
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"plaintext": " Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647)",
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"plaintext": " María Pita, Spanish heroine (d. 1643)",
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"plaintext": " John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639)",
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"plaintext": " Francis Tanfield, English governor of the South Falkland colony",
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"plaintext": " Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608)",
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"plaintext": " January 19 Diego Laynez, Spanish Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)",
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"plaintext": " January 28 Francisco Cesi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1500)",
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"plaintext": " February 28 John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b. 1509)",
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"plaintext": " March 17 Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500)",
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"plaintext": " May 5 Queen Munjeong, Korean queen (b. 1501)",
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10,
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"plaintext": " October 5 Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)",
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"plaintext": " October 21 John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1538)",
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"plaintext": " October 22 Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479)",
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"plaintext": " November 25 Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (b. 1512)",
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"plaintext": " December 13 Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Antonio Bernieri, Italian painter of the Renaissance period (b. 1516) ",
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"plaintext": " Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanate",
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"plaintext": " Paweł Tarło, canon of Kraków, Poland",
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| [
"1565"
]
| 6,634 | 668 | 109 | 194 | 0 | 0 | 1565 | year | [
"MDLXV"
]
|
35,230 | 1,093,574,853 | 1767 | [
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"plaintext": " January 1 The first annual volume of The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the means to find longitude at sea, using tables of lunar distance.",
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"plaintext": " January 9 William Tryon, governor of the Royal Colony of North Carolina, signs a contract with architect John Hawks to build Tryon Palace, a lavish Georgian style governor's mansion on the New Bern waterfront.",
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"plaintext": " February 16 On orders from head of state Pasquale Paoli of the newly independent Republic of Corsica, a contingent of about 200 Corsican soldiers begins an invasion of the small island of Capraia off of the coast of northern Italy and territory of the Republic of Genoa. By May 31, the island is conquered as its defenders surrender.",
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"plaintext": " February 19 The Earl of Shelburne, British Secretary of State for the Southern Department (which has jurisdiction over Britain's American colonies) fires the unpopular Governor of West Florida, George Johnstone, and summons him back to London. ",
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"plaintext": " March 13 British Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, having already pushed through the unpopular Townshend Acts to recoup war expenses from Britain's American colonies, presents a comprehensive plan for more taxes in a closed door session of the House of Commons, with most proposals passed within a month.",
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"plaintext": " March 14 Antonio de Ulloa, the Colonial Governor of Spanish Louisiana (Luisiana), dispatches Captain Francisco Ríu y Morales up the Mississippi River to establish two forts, one at San Luis (now St. Louis, Missouri) and to set up a colony for displaced French-speaking Acadians and protect shipping on the river. ",
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"plaintext": " March 24 Spain acquires control of what are now called the Falkland Islands from France, compensating French Admiral Louis Antoine de Bougainville for the money spent on the construction of the settlement at Fort Saint Louis. The islands, named les Îles Malouines by the French, are renamed las Islas Malvinas by the Spanish, and Fort Saint Louis is renamed as Puerto Soledad. In 1816, Argentina declares independence from Spain and takes the Malvinas; and in 1833, Britain's Royal Navy captures the islands from the Argentines and renames them the Falklands, and renames Puerto Soledad as Port Louis.",
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"plaintext": " March 31 Enforcement begins of the February 27 decree by King Carlos III of Spain, ordering the suppression of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) in the colonies in Spanish America. Over the next few months approximately 2,200 Jesuit priests and missionaries are deported.",
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"plaintext": " April 2 Suppression of the Jesuits begins, in the Spanish Empire and Kingdom of Naples.",
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"plaintext": " April 7 Troops of the Burmese Konbaung Dynasty sack the Siamese city of Ayutthaya, ending the Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) after 15 months, and bringing the four-century-old Ayutthaya Kingdom to an end. King Ekkathat is found dead inside the city walls on April 9.",
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"plaintext": " May 3 A fleet of ships from the Republic of Genoa arrives at Capraia and sends 150 men ashore to drive out the Corsicans, but the outnumbered Genoese marines are \"quickly cut to pieces\".",
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"plaintext": " May 10 Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, acting on behalf of Great Britain, meets with representatives of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy at German Flatts, New York, opening negotiations on the boundary between the New York colony and the Native Americans, eventually concluded by the Treaty of Fort Stanwix. ",
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"plaintext": " May 16 Ahmed al-Ghazzal, the emissary from Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah of Morocco to the Spanish Empire, makes a triumphant return to Marrakesh with almost 300 Muslims who had been held captive in Spain, as well as sacred Islamic manuscripts that had been seized by the Spanish in 1612. The negotiation of the release had started with al-Ghazzal's meeting with Spain's King Carlos III on August 21, 1766.",
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"plaintext": " May 31 The Genoese island of Capraia is conquered by the Corsican Army after a ten-week campaign.",
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"plaintext": " June 17 British Royal Navy Captain Samuel Wallis becomes the first European to visit the island of Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean, during [[HMS Dolphin (1751)#Second circumnavigation|HMS Dolphin'''s second circumnavigation]]; he also sights Mehetia.",
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"plaintext": " July 3",
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"plaintext": " Pitcairn Island in the Pacific Ocean is sighted from HMS Swallow, by 15-year-old Midshipman Robert Pitcairn, on a British Royal Navy expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret, the first definite European sighting.",
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"plaintext": " Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is first published.",
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"plaintext": " August 26 Construction begins on Tryon Palace in New Bern, North Carolina. The construction proves more expensive than initially expected, leading the government to increase local taxes. This stirs resentment among some North Carolinians, and helps prolong the War of the Regulation.",
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"plaintext": " September 29 The Spanish Empire's Governorate of the Río de la Plata and Governorate of Paraguay begin the process of expulsion of the 456 members of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) from southern South America, placing them on five ships bound for Spain.",
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"plaintext": " October 7 Frederick North, Lord North becomes the new British Chancellor of the Exchequer after the sudden death of Charles Townshend.",
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"plaintext": " October 9 Surveying of the \"Mason–Dixon line\", which will later become the traditional division between the northern and southern states of the United States, is completed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon after four years, initially to settle a boundary dispute between the colonies of Delaware, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The survey party is halted at Dunkard Creek when a chief of the Mohawk Indians tells them that they are in Native American territory and that the Mohawks guiding the property \"would not proceed one step further Westward\"; the line, slightly west the 80th meridian west, is now part of the boundary between Pennsylvania and West Virginia.",
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"plaintext": " October 12 At the Foundling Hospital in London, Dr. William Watson becomes the first physician to conduct a controlled clinical trial, selecting 32 boys and girls of similar age who have not yet had smallpox. He divides them into three groups in order to test treatments before inoculation for smallpox, with one group receiving a mixture of mercury and jalap, another senna glycoside, and the third getting no pre-treatment at all.",
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"plaintext": " October 17 Šćepan Mali, nicknamed \"Stephen the Little\", is selected as the legislature at Podgorica to be the Tsar of Montenegro, representing \"a short but an important break in the succession of the Petrovic dynasty\". ",
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"plaintext": " October 24 In France, several anti-Jewish regulations in place since October 12, 1661, are repealed by the King's Council that advises Louis XV of France. While Jewish merchants are still prohibited from owning their own retail stores, they are allowed to sell merchandise on credit to gentile merchants at legal interest rates, to legally enforce debts, and to sell jewelry.",
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"plaintext": " October 28 A boycott, of 38 types of goods imported from England, is resolved by Boston merchants meeting at Faneuil Hall as a response to the taxes imposed by Great Britain, and one of the first \"Buy American\" campaigns is started in order to encourage the purchase of items manufactured and produced in the 13 colonies. Copies of the agreement, to be signed by participating merchants, are circulated beyond the Province of Massachusetts Bay to other colonial provinces in New England. ",
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"plaintext": " November 1 Scottish-born American merchant and shipowner Andrew Sprowle of Portsmouth, Virginia, establishes the Gosport Shipyard on the western shore of the Elizabeth River in the Virginia Colony, on the site of what will eventually become the Norfolk Naval Shipyard.",
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"plaintext": " November 29 The Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, in her capacity as Queen of Hungary, issues an edict against the Romani people (commonly called the gypsies), prohibiting them from marrying and calling for gypsy children to be taken away by the government so that they can be brought up by Christian families, a proclamation that \"produced little or no effect in comparison with the trouble involved\". The World's History: A Survey of Man's Record, Volume V: South-Eastern and Eastern Europe edited by H. F. Helmolt (William Heinemann, 1907) p423 ",
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"plaintext": " August 24 Bernhard Meyer, German physician, ornithologist (d. 1836)",
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"plaintext": " September 20 José Maurício Nunes Garcia, Brazilian composer (d. 1830)",
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"plaintext": " November 2 Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, member of the British Royal Family (d. 1820)",
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"plaintext": " November 20 Andreas Hofer, Austrian national hero (d. 1810)",
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Black Hawk, Sauk Indian Chief, autobiographer (b. Saukenuk village, now Rock Island, Illinois) (d. 1838)",
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"plaintext": " Marianna Malińska, Polish ballerina (d. 1797)",
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"plaintext": " January 7 Thomas Clap, first president of Yale University (b. 1703)",
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"plaintext": " February 15 Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov, Russian noble, politician (b. 1714)",
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"plaintext": " April 5 Princess Charlotte Wilhelmine of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, countess by marriage of Hanau-Münzenberg (b. 1685)",
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"plaintext": " May 26 Prince Frederick Henry of Prussia (b. 1747) (smallpox)",
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"plaintext": " October 16 Burkhard Christoph von Münnich, Russian military leader (b. 1683)",
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"plaintext": " December 22 ",
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| [
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]
| 7,672 | 485 | 132 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 1767 | year | []
|
35,231 | 996,507,694 | 530s | [
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{
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| [
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| 242,930 | 295 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 530s | decade | []
|
35,232 | 996,435,794 | 500s_(decade) | [
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"plaintext": "Bibliography",
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| [
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| 240,636 | 256 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 500s | decade | []
|
35,233 | 1,038,763,163 | 510s | [
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| [
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| 241,752 | 195 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 510s | decade | []
|
35,234 | 1,022,759,081 | 520s | [
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{
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]
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{
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{
"plaintext": " Guntheuc, Queen of Orleans",
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{
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{
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| 242,428 | 231 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 520s | decade | []
|
35,235 | 1,038,325,159 | 540s | [
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{
"plaintext": "Totila",
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},
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| [
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| 243,321 | 201 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 540s | decade | []
|
35,236 | 1,023,089,449 | 550s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 550s decade ran from January 1, 550, to December 31, 559.",
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| [
"550s"
]
| 243,719 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 550s | decade | []
|
35,237 | 1,067,427,986 | 560s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 560s decade ran from January 1, 560, to December 31, 569.",
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]
| [
"560s"
]
| 244,173 | 226 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 560s | decade | []
|
35,238 | 1,096,104,169 | 570s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 570s decade ran from January 1, 570, to December 31, 579.",
"section_idx": 0,
"section_name": "Introduction",
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]
| [
"570s"
]
| 244,423 | 283 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 570s | decade | []
|
35,239 | 1,023,092,344 | 580s | [
{
"plaintext": "The 580s decade ran from January 1, 580, to December 31, 589.",
"section_idx": 0,
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{
"plaintext": " Pope Gregory I",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Bahrām Chōbin",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Fredegund",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Guntram",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Emperor Wen of Sui",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Yan Zhitui",
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]
| [
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]
| 244,719 | 194 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 580s | decade | []
|
35,240 | 998,628,980 | 590s | [
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| [
"590s"
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| 245,020 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 590s | decade | []
|
35,241 | 1,097,773,541 | 1300 | [
{
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"plaintext": "Richard FitzRalph, Archbishop of Armagh (d. 1360)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": "Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet (b. 1250)",
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"plaintext": " Alexandra Gajewski & Zoë Opacic (ed.), The Year 1300 and the Creation of a New European Architecture (Architectura Medii Aevi, 1), Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. ",
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| 5,609 | 1,611 | 41 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 1300 | year | []
|
35,242 | 1,100,838,499 | 1845 | [
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"plaintext": " February 7 – In the British Museum, a drunken visitor smashes the Portland Vase, which takes months to repair.",
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1,
12
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15,
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36,
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},
{
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1,
8
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11,
23
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50,
54
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},
{
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1,
8
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11,
28
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39,
46
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[
51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 – Emperor Alexander III of Russia (d. 1894)",
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[
1,
9
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20,
43
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1915)",
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[
1,
9
],
[
12,
53
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[
60,
87
],
[
92,
96
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923)",
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1,
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12,
27
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[
36,
45
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[
47,
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
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1,
8
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11,
29
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66
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},
{
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[
1,
8
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11,
23
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45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 22 – Carlo Caneva, Italian general (d. 1922)",
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[
1,
9
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12,
24
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46,
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},
{
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1,
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12,
26
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42,
53
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67,
71
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]
},
{
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1,
6
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9,
33
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74,
78
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]
},
{
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19524,
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34617
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[
1,
6
],
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9,
24
],
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57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 – Gabriel Fauré, French composer (d. 1924)",
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19497,
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34675
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[
1,
7
],
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10,
23
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
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[
1,
7
],
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10,
26
],
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 15 – Élie Metchnikoff, Russian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1916)",
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52502,
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1,
7
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[
10,
26
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[
36,
50
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[
69,
106
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[
111,
115
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]
},
{
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34652
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[
1,
7
],
[
10,
26
],
[
28,
35
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 25 – Eugène Grasset, Swiss-born artist (d. 1917)",
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[
1,
7
],
[
10,
24
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 – King Amadeo I of Spain (d. 1890)",
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19654,
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[
1,
7
],
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15,
32
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist, composer (d. 1930)",
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15795,
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34911
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[
1,
7
],
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10,
22
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[
34,
40
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 – Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1922)",
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15815,
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52502,
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[
1,
8
],
[
11,
41
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78,
115
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[
120,
124
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]
},
{
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1,
8
],
[
11,
25
],
[
32,
61
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
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15849,
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1,
7
],
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10,
30
],
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61
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]
},
{
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368950,
34617
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1,
8
],
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11,
31
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 9 – André Bessette, Canadian religious leader and saint (d. 1937)",
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34684
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1,
9
],
[
12,
26
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 10 – Abai Qunanbaiuly, Kazakh poet (d. 1904)",
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2315,
175044,
34651
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[
1,
10
],
[
13,
29
],
[
47,
51
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]
},
{
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1448
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger-French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1921)",
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34724
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1,
17
],
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88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacinta Parejo, First Lady of Venezuela (d. 1914)",
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1,
15
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45,
49
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]
},
{
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220050,
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1,
10
],
[
13,
39
],
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48,
62
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 20 – Albert Chmielowski, Polish painter, Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (d. 1916)",
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1,
10
],
[
13,
31
],
[
49,
63
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[
98,
102
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]
},
{
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34939
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1,
10
],
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13,
32
],
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82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 25 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria (d. 1886)",
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1,
10
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18,
38
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[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
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1,
12
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15,
46
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74,
78
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},
{
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28544,
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34674
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
31
],
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69,
73
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]
},
{
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27935,
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34639
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1,
13
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16,
28
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73,
77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 – Charles Stockton, American admiral (d. 1924)",
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34675
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1,
11
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14,
30
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 – William McKendree Carleton, American poet (d. 1912)",
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22570,
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34616
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1,
11
],
[
14,
40
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 – Edward Douglass White, 9th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1921)",
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21764,
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34724
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1,
11
],
[
14,
35
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[
41,
75
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 – Vasudev Balwant Phadke, Indian revolutionary (d. 1883)",
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21805,
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1,
11
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14,
36
],
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63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 – Sir John Thompson, 4th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1894)",
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1,
12
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15,
32
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38,
62
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 – Marta Abreu, Cuban philanthropist (d. 1909)",
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21761,
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1,
12
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[
15,
26
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 – José Maria de Eça de Queirós, Portuguese writer (d. 1900)",
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21580,
544614,
34653
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1,
12
],
[
15,
43
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[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 – Joel Chandler Harris, American writer (d. 1908)",
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61067,
34600
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1,
11
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[
14,
34
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56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 24 – George I of Greece, king from 1863 to 1913 (d. 1913)",
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8359,
187387,
34617
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1,
12
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15,
33
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[
62,
66
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]
},
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"plaintext": " January 11 – Etheldred Benett, British geologist (b. 1776)",
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15847,
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1,
11
],
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14,
30
],
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 – Mary Ann Browne, British poet and writer of musical scores (b. 1812)",
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15792,
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34949
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1,
11
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14,
29
],
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77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 13 – Henrik Steffens, Norwegian philosopher (b. 1773)",
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11170,
413483,
35817
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
30
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 – William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington, British politician (b. 1763)",
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11009,
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35822
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1,
12
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16,
62
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87,
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},
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"plaintext": " March – Nicolás Espinoza, Head of State of El Salvador (b. 1795)",
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9956270,
35799
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9,
25
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60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 – Charles-Guillaume Étienne, French playwright (b. 1778)",
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35814
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1,
9
],
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12,
37
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 – Johnny Appleseed, American pioneer (b. 1774)",
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20273,
161013,
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34901
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1,
9
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12,
28
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[
39,
46
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[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 – Dr. Thomas Sewall, American anatomist (b. 1786)",
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2564,
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35800
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1,
9
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16,
29
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 – Seku Amadu, founder of the Fula Massina Empire (b. 1773)",
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2195,
2273849,
35817
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1,
9
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[
12,
22
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 12",
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19497
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " János Batsányi, Hungarian poet (b. 1763)",
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58473,
35822
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[
1,
15
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36,
40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August Wilhelm Schlegel, German poet, translator and critic (b. 1767)",
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177589,
35230
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1,
24
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65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 15 – Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican Head of State (b. 1800)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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19674,
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1,
7
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[
10,
33
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[
65,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 – Lasse-Maja, notorious Swedish criminal (b. 1785)",
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35801
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1,
7
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10,
20
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[
53,
57
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 8 – Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States (b. 1767)",
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15864,
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35230
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1,
7
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[
10,
24
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[
65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 12",
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15971
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Friedrich Ludwig Persius, German architect (b. 1803)",
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4182841,
35072
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[
1,
25
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[
48,
52
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian writer (b. 1808)",
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225698,
34902
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[
1,
17
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[
40,
44
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},
{
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"plaintext": " Hadji Trendafila, Bulgarian educator (b. 1785)",
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| [
"1845"
]
| 7,636 | 1,104 | 334 | 436 | 0 | 0 | 1845 | year | []
|
35,243 | 1,104,970,550 | 1849 | [
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"plaintext": " August 13 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The main Hungarian army, under the lead of Arthur Görgey, capitulates to the Russian troops, led by Theodor von Rüdiger, at Világos, ending the Hungarian Revolution.",
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"plaintext": " August 28 – Venice (the Republic of San Marco) surrenders to Austrian troops after a 4-month siege.",
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"plaintext": " September 1 – The first segment of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Lewistown to Harrisburg, opens for service.",
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"plaintext": " September 17 – African-American abolitionist Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery.",
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"plaintext": " October 4 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Komárom, the last bastion of the Hungarian Revolution, surrenders to the Austrian forces.",
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"plaintext": " October 6",
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"plaintext": " Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The 13 Martyrs of Arad are executed after the Hungarian War of Independence, in repression by the Austrian authorities led by Julius Jacob von Haynau (these martyrs were the generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army, who did not flee from Hungary after the suppression of the Hungarian revolution by the Russo-Austrian forces).",
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"plaintext": " Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Lajos Batthyány, the first Hungarian prime minister, is executed by Austria in Pest.",
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"plaintext": " November – Austin College receives a charter in Huntsville, Texas.",
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"plaintext": " November 16 – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death, for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, the Petrashevsky Circle. Facing a firing squad on December 23, the group members are reprieved at the last moment, and exiled to the katorga prison camps in Siberia.",
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"plaintext": " The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the North Carolina Railroad, to complete a rail line from Goldsboro through Raleigh, and Salisbury to Charlotte.",
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"plaintext": " Seven of the \"best known\" opium clippers go missing: Sylph, Coquette, Kelpie, Greyhound, Don Juan, Mischief, and Anna Eliza.",
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"plaintext": " Global healthcare and pharmaceutical company, Pfizer, founded in New York, United States.",
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"plaintext": " January 11 – Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench, Spanish impressionist painter (d. 1916)",
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"plaintext": " January 14 – James Moore, English winner of the first ever cycle race (d. 1935)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Aleksander Świętochowski, Polish writer of the Positivist period (d. 1938)",
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"plaintext": " Sir Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1920)",
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"plaintext": " January 22 – August Strindberg, Swedish author, playwright, and painter (d. 1912)",
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"plaintext": " February 13 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British statesman (d. 1895)",
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"plaintext": " February 18 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author (d. 1906)",
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"plaintext": " February 19 – Giovanni Passannante, Italian anarchist (d. 1910)",
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"plaintext": " March 6 – Georg Luger, Austrian firearm designer (d. 1923)",
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"plaintext": " March 10 – Hallie Quinn Brown, African-American educator, writer and activist (d. 1949)",
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"plaintext": " March 19 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral (d. 1930)",
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"plaintext": " March 24 – Franz S. Exner, Austrian physicist (d. 1926)",
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"plaintext": " April 6 – John William Waterhouse, Italian-born British artist (d. 1917)",
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"plaintext": " April 17 – William R. Day, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1923)",
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"plaintext": " April 20 – Nikolai Nebogatov, Russian admiral (d. 1922)",
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"plaintext": " April 21 – Oscar Hertwig, German zoologist (d. 1922)",
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"plaintext": " April 24 –",
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},
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"plaintext": " Emma Whitcomb Babcock, American litterateur and author (d. 1926)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Helen Taggart Clark, American journalist and poet (unknown year of death)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Joseph Gallieni, French general (d. 1916)",
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"plaintext": " April 25 – Felix Klein, German mathematician (d. 1925)",
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"plaintext": " April 28 – Augusto Aubry, Italian admiral, politician (d. 1912)",
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"plaintext": " May 1 – Kamimura Hikonojō, Japanese admiral (d. 1916)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " May 3",
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},
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"plaintext": " Bertha Benz, German automotive pioneer (d. 1944)",
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"plaintext": " Bernhard von Bülow, 8th Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)",
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"plaintext": " Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1913)",
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"plaintext": " Sir Aston Webb, British architect (d. 1930)",
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"plaintext": " May 23 – Károly Khuen-Héderváry, 2-time prime minister of Hungary (d. 1918)",
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"plaintext": " June 9 – Michael Ancher, Danish painter (d. 1927)",
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"plaintext": " June 29 – Pedro Montt, 14th president of Chile (d. 1910)",
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"plaintext": " July 4",
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"plaintext": " Fernand de Langle de Cary, French general (d. 1927)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov, Russian general (d. 1918)",
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{
"plaintext": " Max Nordau, Austrian author, philosopher and Zionist leader (d. 1923)",
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178972,
34484,
34863
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[
1,
11
],
[
46,
53
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Edward Theodore Compton, English-German painter and mountain climber (d. 1921)",
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27076219,
34724
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[
1,
24
],
[
74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 28 – Benjamin Godard, French composer (d. 1895)",
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1781,
528618,
34679
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[
1,
10
],
[
13,
28
],
[
50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 2 – Emma Curtis Hopkins, American spiritual writer (d. 1925)",
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27531,
3101237,
34867
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
34
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 3 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909)",
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27989,
605484,
19283284
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
32
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 11 – Sir Edmund Poë, British admiral (d. 1921)",
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27935,
28371174,
34724
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
30
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 – Alexander von Krobatin, Austro-Hungarian field marshal and politician (d. 1933)",
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28021,
17714899,
34864
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
38
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 14 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)",
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27947,
52487,
52502,
34673
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
27
],
[
68,
105
],
[
110,
114
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 – Martha Place, American murderer, first woman executed in the electric chair (d. 1899)",
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28146,
380084,
75215,
34790
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
28
],
[
77,
91
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
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27532,
2364282,
34637
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
33
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 – Hugo von Seeliger, German astronomer (d. 1924)",
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27651,
4117395,
34675
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
33
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 – Mary Baker McQuesten, Canadian letter writer and missionary (d. 1934)",
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22367,
64047343,
34981
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
34
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician (d. 1917)",
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22403,
341048,
34595
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
39
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 – Oskar Enkvist, Russian admiral (d. 1912)",
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22341,
21421577,
34616
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 – Marie Louise Andrews, American author and editor (d. 1891)",
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22437,
53726568,
34794
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
34
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 – Frances Hodgson Burnett, English-American playwright, author (d. 1924)",
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21522,
161229,
34675
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
38
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 – Sir Ambrose Fleming, English electrical engineer, inventor (d. 1945)",
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21578,
16291,
34624
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
34
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 – Eduard Seler, Prussian scholar, Mesoamericanist (d. 1922)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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8353,
16823357,
34866
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
26
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (d. 1945)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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8352,
317679,
34624
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
34
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 – Saionji Kinmochi, Japanese prince and prime minister (d. 1940)",
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8144,
316457,
34708
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
30
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American railway magnate (d. 1920)",
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8633,
338999,
34676
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
40
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 – Laura M. Johns, American suffragist, journalist (d. 1935)",
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8334,
59503277,
34980
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
29
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 19 – Henry Clay Frick, American industrialist, art collector (d. 1919)",
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8848,
425134,
34665
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
31
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20",
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8849
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John W. Kern, American politician (d. 1917)",
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980962,
34595
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Raymond P. Rodgers, American admiral (d. 1925)",
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2719274,
34867
],
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[
1,
19
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 – Nogi Maresuke, Japanese general (d. 1912)",
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8270,
252376,
34616
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Muhammad Abduh, Islamic reformer (d. 1905)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1149684,
34637
],
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[
1,
15
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elisabeth Cavazza, American author, journalist, and music critic (d. 1926)",
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54964173,
34609
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Harriet Abbott Lincoln Coolidge, American philanthropist, author and reformer (d. 1902)",
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54511470,
34652
],
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[
1,
32
],
[
83,
87
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ellen Eglin, American inventor",
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41814830
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian (d. 1930)",
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31906466,
34911
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Aleksandr Loran, Russian inventor (d. 1911)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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27411705,
34605
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Euphemia Wilson Pitblado, American activist, social reformer, and writer (d. 1928)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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56088597,
34674
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[
1,
25
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 – Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière, French admiral (b. 1772)",
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16192,
30933485,
35818
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
47
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 18 – Panoutsos Notaras, Greek politician (b. 1752)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16202,
40808087,
34869
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
31
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 – Jonathan Alder, American settler (b. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15813,
21768098,
35817
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 8 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (b. 1800)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11360,
335643,
34963
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
29
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 – Regina von Siebold, German physician, obstetrician (b. 1771)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11311,
38119736,
52965,
35675
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
33
],
[
53,
65
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 – King Willem II of the Netherlands (b. 1792)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20199,
23491043,
34914
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
17,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian Catholic cardinal, linguist (b. 1774)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19635,
266414,
34901
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
38
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 – Antonin Moine, French sculptor (b. 1796)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20273,
23603533,
34764
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
25
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 – James Justinian Morier, British diplomat, author (b. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
14563107,
1189577,
35803
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
34
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 – Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, German chemist (b. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20209,
228431,
35803
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
38
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 11 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman, priest (b. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2395,
6246896
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 11",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19452
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Juliette Récamier, French socialite (b. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
592471,
35815
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Otto Nicolai, German composer, conductor (b. 1810)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
579863,
34947
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 – Maria Edgeworth, Irish novelist (b. 1767)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19660,
56574,
771939,
35230
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
25
],
[
27,
41
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 25 – Benjamin D'Urban, British general, colonial administrator (b. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19354,
2126186,
35815
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
26
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 – Anne Brontë, English author (b. 1820)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19672,
2029,
35522
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
21
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 – Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marshal of France, duke of Isly (b. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15805,
182011,
310824,
35802
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
32
],
[
34,
51
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 – James Knox Polk, 53, 11th president of the United States (b. 1795)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15936,
15980,
35799
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
26
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 – Dolley Madison, 81, First Lady of the United States (b. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15971,
101898,
10847,
35820
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
25
],
[
31,
62
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 – King Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16040,
69577,
35798
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
16,
42
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet (b. 1823)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
18679439,
552327,
34905
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
24
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 – Muhammad Ali of Egypt (b. 1769)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1154,
38094479,
35819
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
33
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 – Friedrich Laun, German novelist (b. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27765,
31563410,
35076
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
29
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 – Andreas Joseph Hofmann, German philosopher and revolutionary (b. 1752)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27948,
8967503,
34869
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
37
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 – Mary Elizabeth Lee, American writer (b. 1813)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27651,
59679472,
34965
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
16,
34
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 – Johann Strauss, Senior, Austrian composer (b. 1804)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28203,
133410,
35073
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
16,
38
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 6 – Lajos Batthyány, Hungarian statesman (executed) (b. 1807)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22542,
751252,
34745
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
28
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 7 – Edgar Allan Poe, American writer (b. 1809)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22446,
9549,
34705
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French musician, composer (b. 1810)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22366,
10823,
34947
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
29
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 22 – William Miller, American Baptist preacher, leader of the Second Advent Movement (b. 1782)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22571,
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| [
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| 7,650 | 1,118 | 415 | 710 | 0 | 0 | 1849 | year | []
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35,244 | 1,068,770,030 | 480 | [
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| [
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| 30,329 | 483 | 10 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 480 | year | []
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35,245 | 1,014,197,155 | 490s | [
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35,246 | 1,048,759,064 | 480s | [
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"plaintext": "So the coordinates (x',y') of the point (x,y) after rotation are:",
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"plaintext": "The direction of vector rotation is counterclockwise if θ is positive (e.g. 90°), and clockwise if θ is negative (e.g. -90°).",
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"plaintext": "If a standard right-handed Cartesian coordinate system is used, with the x axis to the right and the y axis up, the rotation R(θ) is counterclockwise. If a left-handed Cartesian coordinate system is used, with x directed to the right but y directed down, R(θ) is clockwise. Such non-standard orientations are rarely used in mathematics but are common in 2D computer graphics, which often have the origin in the top left corner and the y-axis down the screen or page.",
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"plaintext": "See below for other alternative conventions which may change the sense of the rotation produced by a rotation matrix.",
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"plaintext": "Particularly useful are the matrices for 90° and 180° rotations:",
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"plaintext": " (270° counterclockwise rotation, the same as a 90° clockwise rotation)",
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"plaintext": "In Euclidean geometry, uniform scaling (isotropic scaling, homogeneous dilation, homothety) is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions. The result of uniform scaling is similar (in the geometric sense) to the original. A scale factor of 1 is normally allowed, so that congruent shapes are also classed as similar. (Some school text books specifically exclude this possibility, just as some exclude squares from being rectangles or circles from being ellipses.)",
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"plaintext": "Such a scaling changes the diameter of an object by a factor between the scale factors, the area by a factor between the smallest and the largest product of two scale factors, and the volume by the product of all three.",
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"plaintext": "In the case where vx = vy = vz = k, the scaling is also called an enlargement or dilation by a factor k, increasing the area by a factor of k2 and the volume by a factor of k3.",
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"plaintext": "Since the last component of a homogeneous coordinate can be viewed as the denominator of the other three components, a uniform scaling by a common factor s (uniform scaling) can be accomplished by using this scaling matrix:",
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"plaintext": "Modern computer graphics card displays almost overwhelmingly use raster techniques, dividing the screen into a rectangular grid of pixels, due to the relatively low cost of raster-based video hardware as compared with vector graphic hardware. Most graphic hardware has internal support for blitting operations or sprite drawing. A co-processor dedicated to blitting is known as a Blitter chip.",
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"plaintext": "Classic 2D graphics chips and graphics processing units of the late 1970s to 1980s, used in 8-bit to early 16-bit, arcade games, video game consoles, and home computers, include:",
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"plaintext": "Many graphical user interfaces (GUIs), including macOS, Microsoft Windows, or the X Window System, are primarily based on 2D graphical concepts. Such software provides a visual environment for interacting with the computer, and commonly includes some form of window manager to aid the user in conceptually distinguishing between different applications. ",
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"plaintext": "2D graphics are very important in the control peripherals such as printers, plotters, sheet cutting machines, etc. They were also used in most early video games; and are still used for card and board games such as solitaire, chess, mahjongg, etc.",
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"plaintext": "With the resurgence of 2D animation, free and proprietary software packages have become widely available for amateurs and professional animators. The principal issue with 2D animation is labor requirements. With software like RETAS UbiArt Framework and Adobe After Effects, coloring and compositing can be done in less time.",
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"plaintext": " List of home computers by video hardware",
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"plaintext": " 28 April Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman emperor (d. AD 69)",
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"plaintext": " Ban Chao, Chinese general and diplomat (d. 102)",
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"plaintext": " Ban Gu, Chinese historian and politician (d. AD 92)",
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"plaintext": " Cassius Severus, Roman rhetor and writer ",
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"plaintext": " Decimus Haterius Agrippa, Roman consul",
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"plaintext": " Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul (b. 48 BC)",
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"plaintext": " John the Baptist, religious figure in Christianity, Islam, and other Abrahamic religions (b. early 1st century BC)",
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| [
"32"
]
| 23,778 | 282 | 8 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 32 | year | [
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"785 AUC"
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|
35,251 | 1,090,819,765 | AD_33 | [
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"plaintext": "AD 33 (XXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman world as the Year of the Consulship of Ocella and Sulla (or, less frequently, year 786 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 33 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in the world for naming years.",
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"plaintext": " Emperor Tiberius founds a credit bank in Rome.",
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"plaintext": " Financial crisis of 33: A financial crisis hits Rome, due to poorly chosen fiscal policies. Land values plummet, and credit is increased. These actions lead to a lack of money, a crisis of confidence, and much land speculation. The primary victims are senators, knights and the wealthy. Many aristocratic families are ruined.",
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"plaintext": " Gaius Rubellius Plautus, son of Gaius Rubellius Blandus and Julia Livia (granddaughter of Tiberius) (d. AD 62)",
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"plaintext": " 3 April Jesus of Nazareth, (possible date of the crucifixion) [born c. 4 BC]) The other possible dates supported by a number of scholars are 7 April AD 30 and 6 April AD 31.",
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156
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},
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"plaintext": " Agrippina the Elder, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, wife of Germanicus (suicide by starvation; b. c. 14 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Drusus Caesar, son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, adoptive son of Tiberius (starvation; b. AD 8)",
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"plaintext": " Gaius Asinius Gallus, widower of Vipsania Agrippina and alleged lover of Agrippina the elder (starvation)",
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"plaintext": " Lucius Aelius Larnia, Roman consul, governor and praefectus urbi in Rome (natural causes; b. c. 45 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman consul and father-in-law of Drusus Caesar (natural causes; b. c. 30 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Marcus Cocceius Nerva, Roman jurist (suicide by starvation; b. c. 5 BC)",
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"plaintext": " Munatia Plancina, wife of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (suicide)",
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| [
"33"
]
| 23,779 | 1,351 | 13 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 33 | year | [
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|
35,252 | 1,061,149,983 | AD_34 | [
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"plaintext": " The Roman aqueduct Pont du Gard is constructed, running for 50 km, ending at Nîmes (approximate date).",
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},
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"plaintext": " Naevius Sutorius Macro gains favour in the Roman Empire by prostituting his wife Ennia Thrasylla to Caligula.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Stephen, one of the original seven deacons of the Christian Church, is martyred for his faith.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Saul of Tarsus, on the road to Damascus, is converted to Christianity, and becomes Paul the Apostle.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Paul the Apostle and Barnabas start preaching the gospel to the Gentiles.",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Rome intervenes in Armenia (AD 34–37).",
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"anchor_spans": [
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]
},
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"plaintext": " The original inhabitants of Dacia revolt against the Sarmatian tribe of Iazyges, who had enslaved them.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 Aulus Persius Flaccus, Roman poet (d. AD 62)",
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1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mariamne, daughter of Herod Agrippa I (approximate date)",
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"target_page_ids": [
9627003,
68601
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1,
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23,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Zhang Daoling, Chinese Taoist master (d. 156)",
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1,
14
],
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Artaxias III, Roman client king of Armenia (b. 13 BC)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philip the Tetrarch, Jewish ruler of Batanaea",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Stephen, Jewish martyr of Christianity (stoned to death)",
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| [
"34"
]
| 30,238 | 293 | 6 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 34 | year | []
|
35,253 | 1,051,931,807 | AD_35 | [
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"plaintext": "AD 35 (XXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallus and Nonianus (or, less frequently, year 788 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 35 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",
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184,
192
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224,
239
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335,
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},
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"plaintext": " Pliny the Elder is brought to Rome before this year.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Tiridates III becomes king of Parthia (until AD 36).",
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1,
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]
},
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, Roman prefect (approximate date)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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"anchor_spans": [
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},
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"plaintext": " Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, Roman rhetorician (approximate date)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Statilia Messalina, Roman empress and wife of Nero (approximate date)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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},
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"plaintext": " Arsaces I (or Arshak I), Roman client king of Armenia",
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"plaintext": " Epaticcus, British prince of the Catuvellauni (approximate date)",
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"plaintext": " Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus, Roman statesman and consul",
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},
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"plaintext": " Lucius Fulcinius Trio, Roman senator and suffect consul",
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2390810
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},
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"plaintext": " Phraates, Parthian prince and son of Phraates IV",
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| [
"35"
]
| 30,251 | 258 | 2 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 35 | year | []
|
35,254 | 1,106,141,546 | AD_36 | [
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"plaintext": " December 25 Wu Han commands the forces of Emperor Guang Wu of the Eastern Han to conquer the separatist Chengjia Empire, reuniting China.",
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"plaintext": " Lucius Vitellius defeats Artabanus III of Parthia in support of another claimant to the throne, Tiridates III.",
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{
"plaintext": " Herod Antipas suffers major losses in a war with Aretas IV of Nabatea, provoked partly by Antipas' divorce of Aretas' daughter. According to Josephus, Herod's defeat was popularly believed to be divine punishment for his execution of John the Baptist. Emperor Tiberius orders his governor of Syria, Vitellius, to capture or kill Aretas, but he is reluctant to support Herod and abandons his campaign upon Tiberius' death in AD 37.",
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261,
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"plaintext": " Marcellus becomes governor of Judaea and Samaria.",
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"plaintext": " Lucius Annius Vinicianus, Roman senator and legatus in the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63.",
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"plaintext": " December 24 – Gongsun Shu, Chinese emperor of Chengjia ",
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},
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"plaintext": " Gaius Sulpicius Galba, Roman senator and consul",
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},
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"plaintext": " Thrasyllus of Mendes, Greek grammarian and astronomer",
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"plaintext": " Vibulenus Agrippa, Roman nobleman and knight (eques)",
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| [
"36"
]
| 28,469 | 358 | 7 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 36 | year | []
|
35,255 | 1,105,363,889 | AD_38 | [
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"plaintext": " Claudius and Messalina are probably married this year.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Paul meets Peter and James in Jerusalem ( approximate date) (After 3 years \"from his vision on the road to Damascus \" went to Jerusalem to meet Peter and stayed 15 days with him.(Epistle to Galatians chapter a 18)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Stachys the Apostle becomes the second patriarch of Constantinople.",
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"plaintext": " Drusilla, princess of Mauretania",
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"plaintext": " Julius Archelaus Antiochus, prince of Commagene (d. AD 92)",
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"plaintext": " Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus, Roman co-emperor (d. AD 69)",
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57,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marcus Valerius Martialis, Roman Latin poet (approximate date)",
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1,
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34,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " June 10 Julia Drusilla, sister of Caligula (b. AD 16)",
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1,
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],
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10,
24
],
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36,
44
],
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49,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Archelaus of Cilicia, Roman client king",
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[
1,
21
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Du Shi, Chinese inventor and politician",
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10190362
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ennia Thrasylla, Roman noblewoman",
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39156344
],
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[
1,
16
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Naevius Sutorius Macro, Roman prefect (b. 21 BC)",
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225808,
59292
],
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1,
23
],
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43,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Rhoemetalces II, Roman client king",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22135625
],
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[
1,
16
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius (b. AD 19)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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],
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1,
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],
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32,
40
],
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45,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tiberius Julius Aspurgus, Roman client king",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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16533491
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "30er",
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"section_name": "References",
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}
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| [
"38"
]
| 23,847 | 173 | 10 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 38 | year | [
"791 AUC",
"38 AD"
]
|
35,256 | 1,007,901,900 | AD_39 | [
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"plaintext": " Tigellinus, minister and favorite of the later Roman emperor Nero, is banished for adultery with Caligula's sisters.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula) and Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo become Roman consuls. ",
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},
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"plaintext": " Caligula orders a floating bridge to be built using ships as pontoons, stretching for two miles from Baiae to the neighboring port of Puteoli. ",
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19,
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},
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"plaintext": " Agrippa I, king of Judaea, successfully accuses Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of conspiracy against Caligula. Antipas is exiled and Agrippa receives his territory.",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Legio XV Primigenia and XXII Primigenia are levied by Caligula for the German frontier.",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " Caligula's campaign into Germany is stopped by a conspiracy led by Cassius Chaerea. Even though he never even reaches Germany, Caligula proclaims himself victorious and orders a triumph.",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Caligula orders that a statue of himself be placed in the Temple in Jerusalem. The governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, who is responsible for erecting the statue, faces mass demonstrations by Jews of the region and manages to delay construction of the statue until the death of Caligula in AD 41.",
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1,
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59,
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97,
102
],
[
294,
299
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philo leads a Jewish delegation to Rome to protest the anti-Jewish conditions in Alexandria.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " The Trung Sisters resist the Chinese influences in Vietnam.",
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240961,
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5,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "</onlyinclude>",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, Roman poet (d. AD 65)",
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21764,
53926,
35280
],
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13,
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},
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"plaintext": " December 30 Titus Flavius, Roman emperor (d. AD 81)",
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8677,
55251,
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1,
12
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14,
27
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47,
52
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Julia Drusilla, daughter of Caligula (d. AD 41)",
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1,
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29,
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42,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus, Roman consul",
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1,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman politician (b. AD 6)",
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35185
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[
1,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Seneca the Elder, Roman rhetorician (approximate date)",
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"target_page_ids": [
185510,
25447
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[
1,
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25,
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]
},
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"section_name": "References",
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| [
"39"
]
| 23,854 | 258 | 8 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 39 | year | [
"792 AUC",
"39 AD"
]
|
35,257 | 1,025,644,134 | AD_40 | [
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225,
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304,
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332,
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},
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"plaintext": " Caligula starts on a campaign to conquer Britain, which fails miserably. He declares himself victorious regardless.",
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. He also appoints his horse, Incitatus, a senator.",
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41,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis.",
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},
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"plaintext": " The Germanic Quadi tribe begin settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia.",
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20216,
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14,
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},
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"plaintext": " Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia, opposed by his brother Gotarzes II.",
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"plaintext": " The Vietnamese Trưng Sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guang Wu of Han.",
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},
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"plaintext": " Philo teaches that all men are born free.",
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| [
"40"
]
| 23,335 | 293 | 16 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 40 | year | []
|
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